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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: ; r/ f; Y! Q* B$ q2 ]
Let n >1 be an integer
+ _$ \- s- u/ s hBasis: (n=2)/ C1 ]- d/ x! @
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3( F# p4 ?# q% o9 Q
% K( \7 U7 ?" {Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
' a; Q' k/ u; j0 ?; I. v. q2 Z K^3 – K can by divided by 3.0 c/ m0 t- C9 V/ N
) t5 v: e/ |8 _( C9 ~/ B( `( UNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3: m% C4 M2 S- ?2 [& {$ ?
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
5 J3 W' Y9 `. }9 k4 r: iThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)# ?7 h, p5 O- Q t/ z
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K( W0 a; I% i2 [, t
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)/ p& Q8 `3 ^; E( F
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
; C( a0 c! {8 b# F( Y% r4 Y- hby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
% K8 w$ L y0 V8 P& u6 KSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
+ m: u6 q% l% a& z5 i = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)9 }! @7 ]( G/ Q) M# Q- P. q5 ?
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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