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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: . U3 U0 h& n2 i8 \
Let n >1 be an integer ) M, y; Q% d! ?" ^6 j6 F# P
Basis: (n=2)
& ], ]8 ]" ]8 g9 r2 @ 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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& g2 ~0 d: V J- v6 UInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
3 x6 O, Z V% P' y$ s7 {/ D K^3 – K can by divided by 3.5 ?$ K' R; X3 s4 Q: ]1 f
8 H4 C; Q t8 ?( {: o# vNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3& N5 S8 l) a' O6 D
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem' r0 N& p9 r0 |$ t* U
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
( E3 n+ B/ s( m/ L, X7 o2 K = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K5 D5 L+ m' p% J2 f
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K); `# R7 W% Y% |% P+ C6 R
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
# r) E1 E4 d/ V# E1 Z" Fby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>01 s3 z% L$ j8 c: `/ e: c, {
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)8 O' N" b" p5 z' o9 K7 d2 w( L1 n+ p
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
( Y7 D# |: N, Y: O7 J; l6 w- R( J = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3& V" N( P/ m# }9 f7 f
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.6 K* B0 C6 k' b, U. s- B' N$ w
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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