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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n): m, |9 ~% t5 {' u7 O
3 ~' C" `8 x6 w+ u% x! P& bProof:
- N/ W4 p+ Q' H- W1 W+ ULet n >1 be an integer
7 n$ B. q4 @( v7 yBasis: (n=2)
3 K" D$ d( t7 i& y3 l 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that/ k. |& y# S4 _6 I; W
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.; ~7 g6 k8 G% ]: ?3 L
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3! [8 ?% G$ }: m
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
& m2 u8 m* Q: ^! p) k8 A* KThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
( T. e3 K/ K3 T8 g6 s" D/ Y = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K- M; O8 l: q# P g7 ^
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
. z& z" G) d, o+ v4 | = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
# \! `+ a; p p, @5 p$ ~0 Yby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>04 l) W% |& z5 W( l3 o
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
8 |% K3 E( g1 V, N = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
- m1 o; j6 s, m: q% u. m1 v0 r = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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6 W& K! l5 I1 U0 DConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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