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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: * I2 S! U: ]/ N1 l5 L5 w1 D1 e
Let n >1 be an integer - p# H: {5 m# [8 [" {# r' o$ X
Basis: (n=2)
/ f6 x: S7 u' S( x* t 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that$ I( @* I* i( G6 i# O! r0 m
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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, F7 Y6 Y. z( M, _( I# iNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
- d9 M k& p1 V2 e9 F9 \5 usince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem S& m5 p/ o2 E3 e$ Y
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)6 L2 J* V8 B" Z
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K' ~2 D8 p$ T+ ^4 O, q! P
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
) K) I$ w1 r: x0 V6 t = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
: ~- a! R5 e$ A9 eby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0. H. ~0 M: ^( ^, k
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)5 C* H4 i3 _/ O# R, I! b- ^
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)5 H Y4 A0 f9 j% q m0 E
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3* P/ z3 ^) m G2 L# B
1 J3 z s1 P! L/ `. DConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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. { U( U& ^ z! e. l[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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