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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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8 y, y8 e/ `4 g4 a7 {# W9 bProof: ! {5 ?6 ]1 t5 L6 U9 [. ?6 `
Let n >1 be an integer
. y" r( F3 F+ h6 f' t! Q$ w$ _2 MBasis: (n=2)
: j; M& M; W# K 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
! P5 n- T! e4 q
: s/ S2 o: ^! g/ t* K3 uInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that* n& U T2 X9 n, o! m
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.3 q) _: k, T; }( g q
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
* ]# J# }& D. ]since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
* b% d Y. t$ e* ZThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1): a5 H& l6 Q" |* v7 @
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K7 T+ G4 Q8 S$ }5 Z( q8 V- J
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
6 U- G, t5 O7 ^7 P1 l. c+ A3 P = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)4 K) C9 I& j0 I9 i+ l" z- c- Q4 c
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
# M! a8 q% r% o0 T/ jSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
* g4 C, W- \: o! G9 M7 c0 k = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K): _4 N$ e1 e: `7 g5 t) i# S
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3* s0 z& v1 g: s# V' M
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.& m A7 a) \, ~
0 T: r4 {2 L' t[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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