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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
- P, p P, z( \! X7 a# u+ S& A" ~5 f$ n/ r7 R" @
Proof: . G, H, x( k; w* |: p q1 K
Let n >1 be an integer
6 u" f* ?8 g/ o& ^/ b" R' \Basis: (n=2)
3 W5 l% O/ _4 B$ A; ` 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
1 q1 r+ o6 h. Q- ?( i3 w: x$ }8 p5 _
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that, @2 s7 B, @/ v5 O6 O$ c4 X
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.& x% T: @) d3 f ] d0 ^
" v2 A* X5 S' M5 M, {- F1 v7 m3 M( SNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
8 W0 S5 c* Z; Z. Rsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem4 H9 t- u0 q; z7 s& l6 |
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)! u6 @! w1 r4 N8 O, K: f. c' \
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K3 E, L0 h& G* f7 A
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
: r- K8 K4 v' }4 B6 D = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
% @8 o; ^$ t- c! }by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0; ~# d5 a3 |- Z! K
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K); G3 g' q! J$ T9 r' N Z& d. r
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K): l* d9 T& m/ v, J9 N6 B
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
4 ~4 ?8 O5 ^2 F9 O. R# \, A' ?- e, v; x9 S! c8 ^. u
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.9 x; Y% o3 N& ^& \
6 |8 b( @6 F; y5 L# g[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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