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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof:
- P" ~% Q# E, c! {( eLet n >1 be an integer & T+ q% T" d# W! ~6 n1 v( t
Basis: (n=2)
+ ^* j, t3 P' g. L' ]* x9 D 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3' c5 O+ y- e9 y6 V
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that/ e; h' Q3 x- a7 Y3 Q- N2 V
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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: e4 V( I% F ^Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3& }( _/ V. U1 c6 x. N* b- x
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
& ~' k; e) a- J1 f0 K8 IThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)0 i# P9 {) ~# \& k; }4 J
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K( T* w9 b5 |) [" {& {0 \
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)8 @9 z+ t" O0 J1 R8 Y
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
: d3 s& |4 J, K$ y5 Bby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0' g: a: Z7 Q8 @
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
2 E5 ?5 \% `5 @8 j1 [0 c = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
& o, R4 Z9 z( m8 E- \: | = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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1 _+ h3 D C: X" w$ S* yConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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