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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof:
0 y1 {% N4 M2 u5 U: ILet n >1 be an integer
# n) y; {2 Z2 iBasis: (n=2)8 v2 B; x. S3 C9 J
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3/ X" `/ X0 {, A6 _& t; M m
9 A& K7 }9 m6 q I1 \( K: ZInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that/ s @0 [- b0 A9 t
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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# ]3 M/ |' j. A8 W# PNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3: G2 q$ a$ H' d y% m q J: u4 h
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
! l; q" V4 V9 X; n- CThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)9 N- t1 }: w9 a5 T' Z% Z& {. [0 |
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
* ]5 R& y2 ?; C7 \" {) c = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
; W( `( Y: U: V4 W = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
% z4 e" Y/ }( h8 rby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
! Y- i) U# c1 M7 GSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)1 I% g8 y: V3 C, S, Q/ h
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
* d: s3 s$ w4 q. } = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 30 {. l% r# c9 _6 r, J4 R8 f# [0 n
6 i# Y9 N8 P4 q( x2 W0 K
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.1 q" ]- q% F' \8 g# j
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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