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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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8 k) S* @; x8 f# DProof: , H9 x4 D6 k5 _! I% {( N
Let n >1 be an integer 0 d* }, [3 V$ t+ N; c$ V
Basis: (n=2)7 j4 a4 a5 T8 Z+ w
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3, c$ q( K* T! ^( b
" |0 n. G1 R; m3 _1 g* j4 X
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that/ D4 \* @) Q" A& Z. _
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
* S3 p" j: s1 e6 Q/ j6 ]since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem; W. l8 v/ x. }* p N
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)* ?! z2 N. K: ^
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
& L& |* }4 G8 g1 v4 U = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K): y9 Y* K, q1 |
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
5 ?$ z2 i* R# y& I) yby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>04 c- I9 N2 L% i' O. d# ]/ J
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
; ?0 `2 ~* H2 T4 U: m = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
( _( Q$ m a1 _# N& ] = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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9 X: G* _* l5 Q3 {& N% {- u- }Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.3 Q3 i+ j) `( E9 Y9 F
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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