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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)0 K% Y, e* U0 b
, _- F' a1 V* `4 A7 B# }Proof:
6 g0 b" S& [5 L7 O; Q, ?# {0 _% `: CLet n >1 be an integer ! L S, N5 @* Q+ d0 q) W
Basis: (n=2)
7 e S& V2 Z+ E" W, [9 {0 P 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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( z8 f. c# X# O, R! v8 n+ P( X vInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
/ `% w. C; b; F K^3 – K can by divided by 3.' Q6 [. E/ @ d2 T) a7 T8 M! S
! v8 i& P/ a' ~- W+ I" ^" ~Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3" {6 y/ G6 ]+ u: w
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
5 E3 ^# V" i6 V- MThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)& V0 k/ K! p8 }! q% ^$ u
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K5 z8 G3 `' [$ E. Y. B7 s e
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)" X+ v. e" h' I# Q
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K). P+ k0 P% z- D% A) u7 S& O
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
7 I( n8 e- O& ]5 w$ ASo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)9 ~/ b# b5 A* [) B/ I: M; a
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
5 j1 |6 p* ~$ m. S5 L. w = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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% O0 g' i( g3 \7 x9 P- jConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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2 R5 H4 q% m' j2 [& {- J% b[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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