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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)2 Z% g \' l: A- e/ l1 W: o' W# o7 [
" X) m% q% D! \Proof: / v* M* J4 f! o1 v8 a
Let n >1 be an integer " T6 z) h( k1 q% I% J
Basis: (n=2)
8 B' u' T" L: r 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3# {0 |1 P, G/ j+ }
; s: M8 b. C8 x6 s/ \6 w* [Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that. p4 [) U# L4 K' m( N
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
4 [7 p# y7 O' E; V4 y0 A& X( K, m# `/ @$ A
Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
& @5 s. c/ U$ Z) v* psince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem: ^( M( Q6 W8 {. i4 y) c% Z7 l
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
3 V' a3 v, m* {0 ]$ I& ^: @; K7 n = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K0 r; A4 M9 ^/ [6 {- o. }3 S
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)' F8 I2 l0 a. f3 [; ~, Q
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
5 z+ Y7 E0 L' a! ~, |! E! c9 Uby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0/ G: \* Z/ P3 v6 g) D. M2 @
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
, ~, Z4 {1 w) u- c, { = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
) l! M4 F8 j4 H1 G) O) a3 J0 j = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
4 M, K' ]* U, P$ c; o) e4 |1 f* I% [* b$ P) c0 q! ?1 K V H
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.' l' k6 r( Y. }2 s. z$ u+ c
. x, z8 A% i6 H0 E) j[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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