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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: # y- V3 X- O& [& g
Let n >1 be an integer
# E1 F; ^; y6 b9 d) u! F1 jBasis: (n=2)
/ |" P0 m3 |" A* g) o8 q 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
6 F% z, p9 S5 ^! Z6 {( }2 A2 C& M8 V* i* O9 \( E# K
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
- Q& n0 _! A# ?4 T K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 30 q6 ?; X$ E) K0 Q8 a2 W" I3 l
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
, Z0 F7 @( h( A: ?Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)/ a4 p4 S9 Y5 `" a9 I1 t2 m
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
7 e- v* D1 g, A# ? = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
% S: n% ?& a' `8 h1 `# ] i = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)7 ^' b9 f$ Q- o3 T
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>08 v* R) z& |( N: t" P& m
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
) m4 Z0 x. ?% ^( I; }; C# t! b = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)' ~6 C8 t* h. p) m. X, Y
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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& W3 C. U4 p; o5 `; K8 d8 [[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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