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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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^ o; h! P: M# CProof: & h5 e5 o# D0 E y4 k
Let n >1 be an integer 0 U, `+ A0 J8 @) Q
Basis: (n=2)
6 k; D! n% X# |) J" E9 P 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 34 C- h2 S" w3 S4 H5 j; F2 @" B
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that/ u, _ |0 r5 T# o) L
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
# e0 U0 w* z9 O% |. w8 Jsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
* k+ i9 j1 R/ k: l. [+ _' S5 [6 u: gThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)8 S' k& Y# w3 c, @1 l- \
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
9 s4 a; ^2 e1 V1 K = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)+ \+ w1 `% A9 W
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K) [9 w8 P; _6 N1 }1 x
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0 ~4 j$ j- `( W& G! C
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)* H' n. h1 P5 _8 j- S% @7 h
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K); R3 g: N/ X* \# D% N3 F
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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* G5 l4 m8 g* c) P5 SConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.( T/ H/ V- J" F
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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