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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)- @, z5 O9 Q q
* @5 o0 H G' p5 eWealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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9 k; @- g" n# P2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) & x) [( o# ~. d& m
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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u* |3 v4 A, u m8 K7 u3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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, }, j$ |6 x6 j* t4 W' ^0 K+ fWho says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)
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/ r" p' I. y# W+ d. x( z4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) 6 }/ M) `+ D( o0 @( a
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She lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)# {9 m- G4 Q) i* A- k1 }- g8 q
; x1 S& V$ S$ m' aMy meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)# m; V8 {; @8 f/ R. T& q
* K/ H' o# t$ {* y4 a6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》), d- q0 h2 i) J0 `: y* m
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)) B" x* z& ^8 n4 o
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)9 A( c/ m G( x% [ G0 {2 Q4 O4 |% h
9 l# W$ f$ D: O5 ?# C: pYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me$ ~, W7 }# w p, k6 @
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such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译): N4 z) `7 o% ?! u
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love( }& ` s. f! K+ N' `) M
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)7 J0 m( G/ t2 w$ z$ g8 P+ {7 i
: g; j# l$ d) q3 V/ ^% p+ {0 O可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。* w$ ^) @$ Z( m9 ]
" t9 T) K. _* I# q, P& p4 |2 T然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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" e% L$ m9 {: Y# ]Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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8 b) e) v: F, ]5 J' D: S0 G! P不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:' N6 \: W' W3 {9 l" J
+ H. p7 t2 N; @$ q n" _4 ]; ?3 ?11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?
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4 N K% H' j# z6 Z" z$ N. _7 ^8 C5 Y' pThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems/ l7 z; Q: @+ J( y, ?# K
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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