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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:# A; X$ U" X! P
8 S! L1 c4 e4 T" d1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)
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Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)0 z3 N: V2 k+ U |8 V0 E# V6 |
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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: P3 W4 \! S9 I6 L$ MIt‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)1 [- {8 J! o- y4 y7 l9 i$ P
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Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)2 e& Z2 d8 P) Z6 R( j4 f0 F, r9 u
D4 v# h' y% [8 N9 G5 }4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) ) T# O( o1 g2 ^' P2 z/ h6 {
/ N" d' }! n7 @She lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)* h# p2 Q( a u
- H9 J$ f9 V: c4 P. ^$ l r5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)' h& o5 Q0 `3 B* p0 O ]
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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! P% k0 _& ?: Z6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)9 |) F3 o# b- q8 S) f( z9 r2 r; u0 z
; b1 [8 m6 X* E8 H7 m# rBut I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)4 y9 R3 }, [* i; V
4 V- j+ ?0 G7 E: GYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me
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such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)6 T5 i$ E8 X: p( A+ r
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love1 L: E0 G3 T/ d
2 c& o: h1 C# N9 Nwith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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; P* v. @ R. N5 `, W可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。& K% v: r9 B+ Q
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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+ W/ ?' Z" C9 P! w; Q+ a7 `8 d9 K9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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) I5 V; k- R% EYour talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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* @( \4 R# O" K7 M! B- _不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:
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( T' S1 E$ ~% B/ @11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?. ]( x) N ?% C0 V9 q$ p2 a* M
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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) y# f( d$ V( |. t9 e* }that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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