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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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: n* b' ~2 a* \, A5 t6 Q& g1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)# ^% `( @, a# j E/ M# r3 N; s& }
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Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译) # a: X9 R# `7 u8 e$ P# r
' I$ a+ E5 ], A+ ?% Z0 H/ F3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)9 q) E- @" J! ]+ c0 y: p1 k
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) 2 i7 m; P2 V7 ^2 ]6 I3 k8 |
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She lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)/ J8 H* g8 h" J% ?
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5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)' y" c% V! P$ v; E7 L# Z
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译), a4 o1 J9 P: h+ d2 Z0 p+ t
& G1 }) K2 Z4 Z5 @ ^% q3 s6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)+ z2 ~* `2 k1 j; o
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》) h" T! I4 k% b5 [+ |2 t
B, V3 z! Z6 f' gYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me& |6 _4 }$ C& b5 s
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such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)9 O+ k/ p7 E3 h2 ~% f
# b1 I: s# k- k; p8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。0 }6 [9 q2 a, V+ r: D
) `4 Q7 [, N# C5 }然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:2 M [ K; a3 Z" F- d# h
( D+ K; F H: B- K! ^# ]' u- C9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。( Z& q- J: F% S
4 D( P ^& a. U+ MYour talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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2 a. S( y: O' A* ?4 h不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:
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# ]8 c g3 L! t; b* t& {11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?4 d j( o: _" i& O2 X7 r7 U, I
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems9 ^' K3 O+ v3 g: J3 F0 r
/ ~7 T1 |5 A7 ^that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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