 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The% d! F2 s2 p' Z) f2 R# `" G) y: C
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 S; `" J& p, i) M5 u
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
; ~. S" u" N3 tand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial/ \/ V' a: |0 n0 [
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
- N. \5 l$ ~1 L0 |( O4 o6 Y a7 s8 Tretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
. b# a! I# j( c$ W/ R/ jA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
+ n5 K7 w/ ?. ~* L# ^9 ]5 k% C5 s[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]7 I+ e9 c8 _6 n% @
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
o: J; _/ d' G# Jretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
+ l1 ^3 ^; d% n7 Ipossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
" g) D* S# A/ S! Y8 u7 r(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two/ G+ J& M/ R: D# N
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
- V1 o1 @; |. Y( m" |/ U. {semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.3 W' N; @$ ?& @& r: ~- f. X( o
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In( S1 ^& h5 \) m" w
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
) C$ {; t7 Q: o1 l" U1 ~5 mthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..2 D* B5 q; @& y5 {
2 _0 z$ v, i+ [) O(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)' y% n" Q0 J" E5 {. c
and American speakers of English, |
|