 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
8 m- b8 `* E3 ]( e* J/ Y. k8 b: xInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
! ^4 j) c4 _6 Zsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
, ?" ~ k. s0 o; G) Z& I/ [6 `and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial5 U/ Z9 o: M* Z
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
- B' X1 H, M: F1 o" i, j J8 N( Bretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
: D7 M7 O' w4 w" ZA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
$ C& X/ L* B" ]. b, S3 l8 ?! J[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
. X! {! q1 @4 s+ x- S(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving! s- D3 C6 s X, p) h
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
+ M8 H4 \; U+ Jpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset8 u. }' }9 M! M8 y
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two! j7 |! f3 w/ H# H
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a9 \7 Q/ w7 b5 I8 k3 S6 g
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
* k; |# u/ B6 yend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In/ c0 n0 C' }0 k# r1 v) t2 @ f
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,; E0 P# l7 U L7 t `5 L; e
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
6 j3 K3 I$ b- e) }4 q
$ }4 ?) c7 z' u# X(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)7 R5 H; ^( X1 j5 w' S
and American speakers of English, |
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