 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The- _: X6 P) ~& e' t1 r7 J" s
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the7 w+ E) B5 l" @3 i. P
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,! T: l/ Z. e! `/ e! N9 Y
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
" G5 F/ E7 h( C" _(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
3 g6 i0 M) I v2 p2 f# Fretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
& F; [ x! n ]* Y- w7 ]1 LA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
4 M: y% g+ X9 F5 T' j* V[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
# {% c9 D+ P5 d k(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
3 o. D& i/ b( ^) }retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
: |2 f2 Q7 d E) ?# Cpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
* Q* c3 o z3 {( I. a0 X(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two6 b4 n9 i* M( m8 O3 a3 |! I
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a4 |# C6 t* i: [3 t0 ?
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.7 l3 e9 `& A; h- ?% S4 z8 O
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In" f* [6 c S8 Y+ y* _* o& ~
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
9 g, V! p2 z% J! c F% m! Xthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..7 c) i; z7 p8 d; ?4 R, A
5 J3 ]+ C& g* j6 A(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
& j/ }6 g7 k1 Y5 m9 hand American speakers of English, |
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