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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
, D4 M* h! [$ Z7 h2 Y; v6 ?Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the4 ^1 i: p S0 Z. V0 o; h
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
+ V% `! L9 A$ J- @0 k( S* `5 land uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
! @" l6 q$ v/ X7 J(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
9 f2 Z1 E* Q: _retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).0 B) N0 u0 L+ x! G0 }# m" u5 Q9 ?
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
+ F6 e Q, O: q9 G[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”] ^0 \1 `: M, D; D
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving- q5 z3 M! `( R( Q" O$ M
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
) ? _4 H1 j0 K9 H" rpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset( P3 P# l+ D R+ P$ k+ W- G/ k
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two S. U/ V% \) g! d
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
" `3 Y5 P8 H* l6 j+ O; u" |semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
& R$ ]3 P! O. l$ iend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In/ u. K: n$ j' t$ C
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
# Q+ D: s1 p( x* [* s( C9 B5 dthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..+ Z b% h+ P4 c; _
- a. s+ B) S9 X* s. R
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)* g9 w& C5 ^3 s) E
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
