 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The# u4 D! L7 M8 Q1 `, w
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the9 N3 D4 o1 X) P C4 p3 O$ K2 A
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
4 g+ d4 k1 s0 J4 Q# `+ @! S. zand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial+ \$ c+ S u: ^1 b* e, d
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
" X8 ^+ j+ l# Q; Oretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
$ \' K [- x8 I; C4 EA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
" P- o- b8 N4 H. h. r[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]5 |, a1 [9 p4 G- d/ Y8 T( @( ~
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving5 f8 Z4 G+ y3 m. z
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on* c6 o7 M2 e: l$ ?4 @$ N
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
. }0 l" _- x) q. a G( e(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
( S8 b4 s) e9 ]0 a$ x. \) Q+ Lsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, \5 U8 G, I2 M Msemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
2 }: s! i1 I. B0 [- i+ v) i3 A( send with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In7 ?/ T" l( m2 d! w7 l3 @
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
3 g. U# Q9 b$ }/ Q ^the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.. a+ x! S* H& d+ i2 Y/ x3 [4 x
' g1 Y8 A4 }. M# q7 A/ L7 H9 L7 w( [(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
$ X# y& F$ v2 ~& T! Y$ n- q6 P& a: qand American speakers of English, |
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