 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The/ R& g* @; x `7 G+ i* H
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
4 ~+ w# [- \' csyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
5 e/ E, l. C: l; ~" R, [( O3 C) tand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
/ N7 X9 Y( A: m/ m" y4 d2 I(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
6 B5 ~9 q8 z' g; ~$ m Iretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).5 u/ w4 N7 @' J% N
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
5 P2 ]& t, F4 P3 y( t' L& V4 S c2 U[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
9 m& P& Q; N4 z* y- o(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving/ ]4 [- [! Q% l) I; ?6 C# L4 t
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on9 b* E* P5 E+ f s( g3 d( N
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
- N9 M3 [# q4 g3 m(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
$ n. P; z) k9 s6 |7 I/ a" ~8 \' `segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a! H! F; W0 x: w5 G) N- Q
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
$ H" f% b, M2 @3 ]+ \. eend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In. l* D) X; ^- c/ ^
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
$ l o$ [! _, T" c! F" @1 U" Sthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..- V: q' o+ {. x' M7 |/ v
4 x- @3 {. O: T* Q
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ h/ K2 p" r6 W( M* ]and American speakers of English, |
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