 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
7 V2 _8 u) T2 a+ u& rInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the8 `& `- T7 A( I9 ~! A* A
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
- k3 b* U, I- M! @$ Sand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial9 B) ^7 @. v p! W+ _0 L
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of; q% l) A, D5 N2 p0 F
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
8 m; W; N3 h& B$ w2 H' X) i2 yA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
" t9 H$ r6 k6 v6 |1 ^2 u[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
q1 n+ c8 d* P- s8 A! t W$ y: }8 O(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving1 y. N/ o; I! t2 J1 T, `
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
; ~+ l0 M! ~9 C) d0 g- ~& lpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
9 C( j# R9 Y3 k ?(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two1 |# F- K! i* _4 |( H- d% C
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a9 j( A& u* t! g' T- Z0 U' _
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.. V. `) j! u3 l
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In8 h+ V0 P! a( @+ ~
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
& n: `% X: V6 F9 ?the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..3 H, P% f5 v- S* D8 W% \0 L
; D& W) N6 b/ x# z# o% i(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
; n5 f& v+ X2 d; B, h9 }- Zand American speakers of English, |
|