 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
. u1 V/ e( V6 P. j7 TInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
$ |& y% D) G, O( isyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in," d3 l% a* |' L, ?4 \
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
2 N3 g. T( b; V( G; C: \(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
! t( S( G* T7 z' Y! j R* nretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).: a3 G0 h+ k1 \2 u( t/ @, t
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=. M; v7 `" w+ h, M" J
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
6 o9 J7 Y3 \' ]6 f! V- X8 H(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
& d0 Z4 E4 ?: Q4 `6 Y) s: R( G8 Gretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on5 o- }+ ~+ z1 j1 ]* q
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset% k4 o( r4 ~7 O
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two" _$ V- i7 X4 q) v1 F0 K8 i% ~% j
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, f" ^) y0 E! e8 G' I: Usemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.; w. x4 x! o, k: r, o
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In, o5 J8 a4 c/ H2 A6 ?/ @/ ~' @5 a
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
N/ o; O, E5 V$ o2 i, `" l# ~. kthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..* }$ Q4 {8 o, N" E# i: J3 \
- T: I( m% T% {7 g0 c" v; e
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)6 A" I4 W; ~" F8 P5 z
and American speakers of English, |
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