 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The# r& A, h: C0 R$ D* Y( C
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the, W0 ]4 t! |# ]! L' S3 p. m
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
/ S: @: J0 Z* a5 R' T1 d% Band uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
( q* d+ k) p9 i& v( ](or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of0 F" g) @$ Z6 G; x
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
' ~, t2 v2 q4 s8 C& \2 [A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
% M9 H1 Y* G( o, S1 p[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]* i" h5 ]& @0 u# ]4 }3 ]
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
: ?/ Y& P X4 C1 u( Tretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on N% |$ k& X7 P3 b' l
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
* e+ S; o. {" W' }(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two( n# E5 f& W# F& X% }/ K
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a' a' E+ Q% N* n" }9 @
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
+ T# A5 } H6 B) S, pend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In, D7 T1 |/ ~. P( D
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
4 X' g1 m6 b# c$ Ethe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
3 Z* U3 S, W* |' n8 B6 l/ b0 G6 r
5 q/ J9 ^& i% A) N3 w) G+ c(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
* q5 w9 H7 _& T% Zand American speakers of English, |
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