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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The6 T- |$ X) P2 C
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the; L3 J$ n( b4 m
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
2 R- h1 D8 F$ j4 v% Zand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
. T& C! @ g: S+ A(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of5 M2 q7 p g7 X6 C( g8 S
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
6 E/ ?4 j; N8 i* d2 yA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=& I$ h: s; @ J0 }. i: }9 ?) }
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]9 ~# r: T& ?# ^, Z3 Z
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
1 A" C% m+ r- O: c0 B) Yretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
! S5 q2 h! A! v% Zpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset' \- K: G2 W! [ r4 S$ d( e
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two+ G. e$ a. _: F$ T; {
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
' k+ O+ `2 M7 csemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.) x) \* p2 G$ ^& S6 u! \4 \5 x
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In+ x+ b7 v, `# l" P; ~" p
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,) E# V& N9 _ D
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..8 [' A f' |" U; @+ G" A
3 f0 T7 N3 m5 ?: r( y1 A; h
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
) R0 S8 @/ j1 t9 ^, Sand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
