 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The+ w5 U, I: X p6 z) I% \# d. w; O7 T# n
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
7 C5 ^0 x8 `5 }3 e6 _syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,: b; ?9 X7 W/ }" K& W( ^
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial1 R) s& r0 Y p+ B- v- T$ u5 e
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
7 v' a4 R2 F5 d( u3 t( Mretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’). p. \9 d% K# Q
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
" A4 r6 J1 r8 r8 `' v+ M3 F1 y[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
- {. I5 P( w6 r2 H; z(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
% F$ T% d: a" v' ?4 bretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on/ f" \! |" n3 k* {& u
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
' ], K/ Q. L$ Z5 b! R5 w# C* q(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two5 e. t! J: L1 v* f! v( k- K
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 L8 ^+ f: z% I% ]
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
& U! S5 ^& M$ f. m! p9 l1 _$ pend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In7 l1 ~; I0 w8 w- c# c
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
7 H* c" y# k4 K! O, j+ W, [5 Fthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
+ b4 {. S# i% d1 X0 R6 s3 i+ }0 i( Q/ j' V% w
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
2 u* v. u8 ?2 v) i5 {and American speakers of English, |
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