 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
a3 X2 E3 L% C1 S0 O/ ]8 _- A, zInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 _0 r0 |7 D, W: o K, R8 g0 |
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
! l' |0 v* P+ s8 I: {8 N K2 n5 cand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
$ H" R b0 p) l* q$ ]9 W(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
; m+ X3 z" y) G6 M9 Gretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
+ Q$ Z5 W; J& v3 F8 v! @A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
" e- ~+ K2 w Y5 f' L[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]& n6 i7 A: q# ?3 d: ]/ [8 u1 }
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving% I& `2 N/ c7 S4 l
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
: q6 S) |9 V- l2 {+ mpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
: X( m0 Y; U- M* z0 I(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two+ [5 {3 j7 ? }# O* U$ d8 [- H
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a6 T% x+ @0 ?: \% C) w
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
- V9 `7 E7 K9 w3 ]end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In: Q0 \7 V6 \2 O0 b. ^
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
4 \6 c* q, N! _the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
4 c5 \$ `( ~# a) F0 K- P$ t0 p, z0 Y" U. G. o0 }# T; ?
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)$ F8 E1 H* {. C2 K& }1 [" `# O0 m# X
and American speakers of English, |
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