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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
# A2 h9 j2 u3 u5 o; L, O0 `9 vInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
1 X& l0 `* Q* O6 E2 psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
- K$ @: y; q# b, z: [and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial+ e1 |: m9 J+ b7 L. N3 C7 A
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
' s: @; o# N2 g3 a7 _ s1 tretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
, q0 V+ D* A( e T( @# EA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=) g1 \/ i3 h: ^) [5 ]9 r% T& U+ G+ t
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]4 J# f$ e& F/ f g$ k
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
7 L6 H* o4 U) I- L0 mretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on# M! C) U2 R6 d. x
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset* L' f# m: M7 h
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two g1 X; G' J7 d) O( {! n" A
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
/ k8 N! b9 Q: H, z+ zsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
0 `# @2 b; Y" l8 c- H r- tend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
; d9 E0 d$ a( ucompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,5 I# O9 e' S5 {9 r L0 h" ~8 _
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..( u% h* N5 {! E' d7 E8 z
# v' @( U) [% a3 |; `
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch): }5 k$ V% o7 K. m
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
