 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The3 j# G, t4 K K5 l) P+ v
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the8 b0 _8 B' x7 t; Z5 T% L: k# B, f
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
/ s8 A* X% K4 I9 eand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial) @- O) B0 B3 S3 D
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of. g0 c( Z. u9 v6 |5 O
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
. N- W% s" M: \9 [% \A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=3 X" s. v0 L3 f( E
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
' k- b$ j. N' }/ a7 b& Y(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving' ]% l' I z9 N% @6 s
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on& s% W3 A2 e0 U$ C4 o! v+ C! U
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset# [. a- e0 o/ h* q- A% n9 Q
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
. M$ R1 q/ H: s% t* Wsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
4 n) a2 ]/ o& o4 [+ @semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.9 {! I: I& G0 r, m- Z& ~5 y; D( ^' }
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
2 _9 u7 j& Z9 M- |1 A: w% wcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
; H) N6 F4 W+ G) G& rthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.. p+ ?6 U% l7 r! K6 v! n
4 b; D j, `! L; K- h4 _; M+ K# H
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
# d" q/ y9 ~8 l0 B) Nand American speakers of English, |
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