 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
; @% Z- v3 Z4 D& D; m, \2 q& ?. OInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the1 e- Q2 ], P+ o$ v
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
B+ `# y; |) W; A& rand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
" m* Q/ F! N4 {% v6 u$ U! {(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
. D# C: n) \2 y) c$ {; vretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
0 z! U/ }9 S& q+ bA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=9 Q9 N( L( x! e1 |" C
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
! I4 k( {- y" t/ F! B. C(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving1 N6 r, H, g1 H, I" p5 { \
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
0 @; s3 l+ e! g+ N( j0 w, H9 Dpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
$ N& ^: V1 B# i# U8 D(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
; E3 o: Y4 r) r- x5 Fsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a/ [1 O1 g% \2 c2 i: s+ E, U
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
7 m% r5 a. c6 w0 L! [( lend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
* O+ a# k& G; t- Z& o- f- p* @compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
9 a9 v% u' A, b4 Othe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
6 `) z- K5 z+ `6 Z
; {/ D3 H/ A1 N( l9 u; d(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)' E. a2 I' e+ g# J) [3 o" ~
and American speakers of English, |
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