 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
' J; f; E0 u) W" Y1 X1 z4 ~9 xInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the7 S" ]( x4 l6 g8 N
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,3 [5 ?5 ?8 O; `4 t1 }: F7 L0 t
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial @2 ?4 n& Y/ o8 c* }1 I1 t
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
0 o5 r: p, E( Q% M X2 |* j, c& lretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
( B1 M: D2 h9 |2 _" U0 oA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=, J( M; ]" y4 H/ p b0 J
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
; {4 A l+ W* n: a6 P0 S(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
" V7 \" j0 B8 @6 }) {retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
; ~$ c5 B# o# d( E3 [2 `* G* _, opossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
- O& j2 }! m& {2 m C4 f. d(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
g3 V$ Q- I. S( Bsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a+ d. t- c/ t8 l4 @! O$ G# g
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.& t# l: m+ b: y: b
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
' \6 u. x$ X5 p. N7 b% z2 mcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
8 q% n; ~& F/ b' p8 |4 F4 wthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
4 \; `; C7 s, O6 x1 s
2 i, V: ]" i) u7 Y4 u(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
1 C+ [; I2 Y5 c6 M4 c! F, yand American speakers of English, |
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