 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
- T4 s. ?/ ]1 T) q( [! r( \Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
4 K# ?* l' r3 Ysyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,4 `: D+ u/ W9 e0 H4 g: w- \9 O9 l
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
/ h0 u6 o& K; K: C8 N(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of. a/ t0 x4 e& h& g/ q7 U0 K0 i( [
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
; C+ V I5 i! _3 e5 Y2 eA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=0 `- J/ B2 v% l" b
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]2 g, i, A! }. K6 s4 b2 b
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving% f5 S5 u0 t3 \8 p4 C T
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on8 z9 D; S, Q: ]+ [9 y
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset- f& a$ l: F7 K
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two1 T# I0 }" _$ M1 S6 w( O
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
7 M, A/ b8 D+ a9 b3 [' Z! xsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e. ]) s9 F* [# z# z' W
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In1 ~- Q2 a$ \) J6 g1 y5 R: p9 K
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,6 u) {, f8 c8 |4 Z7 t% x6 @" D
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..$ n; W% K3 R$ ^9 B7 s" G
1 \5 K4 y+ O% ]! e(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)4 q: O3 ], r. @& z9 I& u
and American speakers of English, |
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