 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
2 ~" k# ^+ L9 Z: CInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the$ ^* Y; W0 O2 m) Q* q9 M+ x
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,9 S9 d) I, h/ U, V8 Y/ N: e# v
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
. n; }6 g5 s) ?8 [* j2 F(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
0 k6 d' h" m6 _( `$ L/ A- Yretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
, u: ^3 G$ J8 V1 V0 w. [A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=4 p) \: ?1 |/ D/ `4 Q1 q0 k' G
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
! _9 u* A/ i( j; B(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
3 }9 X% G+ |; u5 v# Jretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
+ P$ G7 M# C! V6 K$ C, opossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset- n8 b+ ~) e3 r
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two# t9 A$ B5 i4 V d. w, j
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
7 A6 O% U' W7 ~) s1 Xsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.4 G5 Y' x' s9 e: n2 Y
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
. P+ Z' T4 X3 @0 y5 @ s0 ucompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
" x' z' r$ \! i% m9 ?( bthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla../ I, Q; m, @0 k) }/ u# C
U4 p3 c9 s, Y; w
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
3 g+ J) Y8 C( }7 }% K4 ]and American speakers of English, |
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