 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. m; H3 r+ X' q$ i/ o* `& A9 B- G
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the4 p0 @: q4 K, G8 e3 a
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,( O3 L& X8 o6 d! \1 A
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial+ W# c6 Y$ t# ~$ y N
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
" a7 N5 E. O# `5 g6 `retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
) T0 I0 |* ^* e2 `7 y6 N: l8 KA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
: g& M& S( V. A% [[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
! V- t% \8 S) k# t(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving2 w- H5 h1 |3 i/ ?8 ~
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
3 B1 w5 G. u( Rpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
0 v' D: o; T7 _3 x(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two. j+ D, }! ?& k: {2 m( m
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a! }) H, f! ~. ^/ b. P, A7 Q
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.3 g4 S$ K+ H% Z6 w% V) f0 a1 p: C
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In9 Y" p( I/ t4 k) I
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
9 J* S; ~4 V6 ?, h& fthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.. g0 K3 P5 ?# H& K6 f9 W4 V
, J8 f0 j2 b5 q! o$ B4 V9 l9 |
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
0 d$ w4 y- @* gand American speakers of English, |
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