 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The$ V6 X! o6 |& K# S: {& @7 d. m
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
2 H1 M I5 y' n. I! r0 |% V6 b' Q$ @syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
( [/ t, ^' V: A$ V" [, xand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial6 C, D1 r0 m: O6 E2 X9 |% ?
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of) m0 K* e; v: F4 @( A+ A, i+ l
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
; q/ F) ]2 O* p+ TA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=9 Q- e. m, z1 R9 w6 I; I; [3 s
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
: Z! ?! W; T$ b. h" a, y(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
: s/ Z- D, Y1 O% r' a4 fretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on- j2 t S5 ]& A8 R: d0 R
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
7 Y& w; q# b+ s8 e( T1 ]: T(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
9 I2 d! M) u+ z; _$ {1 |segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a* n6 F5 A0 s$ V/ Q9 w! w; |" t0 u
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
7 [3 C( v$ c' ~& C" {end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
; W; Z5 Q0 ^7 m9 ?+ xcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
+ I8 p0 j9 l M! f) @3 }% wthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
1 v1 @& y) O9 @1 V6 u8 t4 ]0 H& K2 P
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
B9 p t% ^5 Z' @& Qand American speakers of English, |
|