 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The7 y4 A1 }% ]0 B4 P8 @ p: F
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
: q. b. ~, J2 S# ~$ k/ Msyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,& w: P9 o3 [9 J4 j
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial( {/ r# d. ?# O: W: p$ Q2 q
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of6 p- h+ {4 i& r1 v: t
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
( v. U* y& j/ `, ?( TA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=: N; n% ?; J# t, N4 s/ t8 t
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
, H- W- j! ~8 c8 b, Q+ v% ~7 `+ ]5 N(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
, P& [$ J* E: G9 b( D- @retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
9 `" z/ E& V5 R6 T3 E- M- Dpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset: L. X! f4 `* X. ?& v6 m
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
; o4 n6 ]$ K0 u8 ]7 Ysegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
4 w& I- t$ W; [% psemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
* Q# E# K& |6 J* c) ^end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
' Y* ~ x. l) }0 d( h# V5 X Z8 |& Acompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,9 e1 _) S6 ~% }' G
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..3 l9 @1 c+ Y& k
- x% u* G! E4 W- C5 Z(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
) n, y) A3 }# n' c/ w" ^and American speakers of English, |
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