 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
1 g# i N/ n' w$ e, S% l" z/ pInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
4 P) t6 v, R% j2 Esyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,# l$ J' |8 z/ g# G0 W
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
. {6 ]9 E6 i, q& ?(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
0 | n" k; C7 {9 e5 B5 ~retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).: |3 E: i. c* C z
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=: ?* F7 [( K" R' z
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
* u' V8 L5 d' G1 @" E$ ?4 N1 A(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving. h8 e7 {' d' p+ Q
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
@% a% w' R P) U: upossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset9 n' K, i# l$ y1 A
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
6 E# G! c' c( b) msegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a) r! l! R/ v6 o. G
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
8 k" T# ?: L2 _2 rend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
% T4 U8 }2 X4 i9 _# B" X# rcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
5 l/ h8 Q2 S: K) ^the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla... v; m# k$ O% p- x: Z4 b
. m' n7 X! ], N# w(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
" o/ v5 \. u% O& q5 |; Q5 b" Xand American speakers of English, |
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