鲜花( 0) 鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The4 W, i4 I E8 V1 Y7 h
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
. ` v, `7 `+ B' R1 `* Tsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
7 q& Z) `+ Y @& c( \3 Kand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial" D ]" H: n( ^
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of, ^% U7 B( _) }" I6 f# p
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).2 J3 l& x3 b4 S4 |% o2 z
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=( H7 q/ W$ O6 w9 h; O3 x; f
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
8 s" P6 i9 ?9 P(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving# r2 L2 Q, {2 j9 s/ w3 [
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
' n. B7 d( ^- S$ L3 e% jpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
& y3 ?# j# Z! Y: h(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two7 r5 H$ y, z( \
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
/ y7 F) O" x& j, Zsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
3 P1 C% X9 y+ Y. B; H8 M" Qend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In, e2 ?4 I. W1 o+ R. a6 D- _9 J' S
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,: [4 ]# q5 N9 ^/ y( \
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..& Q' _: `8 ?9 c& X' u
+ C0 O/ K' J2 y(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)3 k6 J& b$ ]7 \9 p) m' W" O$ Z: Y
and American speakers of English, |
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