 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
; @0 E$ I7 \$ hInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
- P1 @* }% N1 f, A6 Hsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
& {8 L" N( b) [# j3 S( G$ h: yand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
0 q) @, ~4 {. @4 ~6 O(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of: ^: ~- I; x+ G, g. I3 N! K4 G" z
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
: ~1 P; M4 V+ K- aA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
+ D9 S6 i# ?! {- l) j* b[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
6 G0 h e; m+ P0 w. E2 a( u(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving7 l$ Q; i( _) I3 K; ]* O
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
B4 t9 F; M( b3 n, f" U: H) {/ a3 kpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset G7 q+ f5 U& r5 U1 G9 ]/ r1 ?
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two6 ]1 y0 g" I/ s( }* g5 n3 i S$ V
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
* U- J4 `! U, H# \/ X+ Usemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
" N4 z$ K" d( }( ^0 J4 @end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In6 [: W' A9 S2 {# @* w" |
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
1 P5 o5 U) O3 h9 K1 ]0 a. vthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
5 y! j3 Z; U' @8 R/ z8 z
. }& A+ `1 {: v9 m6 N. U4 I9 R(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch): n7 `8 M0 W( X9 E! r
and American speakers of English, |
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