 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The- `5 C: j- M+ h5 v6 ?* S
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the4 ~& h/ E Q/ I0 L5 ~5 n, x
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in," k2 H4 a1 e$ V0 s0 E
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
" Z$ ~0 K4 w; e" H [; h) I! ?(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
6 n4 [! m& g: o4 x" R2 Tretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).3 j* N/ _5 z' k+ s% ], Q
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
- @8 y J5 A, V E5 R2 L[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
: u c0 U) X. x* W(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving% F" v0 Y8 @1 b$ h8 W
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
2 f1 f8 p4 t+ ~& u9 xpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
) l7 X9 P; t2 S. C& a/ `: ~* i(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
" d9 ?0 t2 u5 l0 Lsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
( m0 r x5 B; m' esemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
8 Z7 L& n: O9 m' n. V. Send with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In0 `) [$ H3 k. V. [* m
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,/ T# t$ x8 p ] t
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
y; b7 }0 H- y! N& S, E& Q0 j* J3 @/ e; w
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
& w. `& Y, ]1 i/ l: eand American speakers of English, |
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