 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
9 J- g! Q- G$ NInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
9 Q) A' W% J& q0 r8 \2 V9 M' r3 Nsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
3 n; I. k" k* x" p. Wand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
- j' |3 O8 H- d5 c* Q4 }(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of) e3 }. l6 @' N3 a& x9 @
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).2 R* m; Y' l- E4 j
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
+ K* V9 a- s4 `7 P: ][y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
" E( [8 y( K% C( X, C5 n T(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving/ {" g" l$ |# E0 V. V, r Q: ~
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on2 ?+ z3 K. [$ W: L
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
$ J- b9 V1 `* h, e- m4 W* i(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
. K) U. b J2 d9 c3 \segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a9 b5 _. O( a, Y# S N4 Q' W
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
, J$ R0 t+ k# Y! Z* bend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
+ j, _& \# g/ W2 I! Y! G. Wcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,& C: }4 u0 o9 B! q- T7 y3 X
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
$ W% b* e; F8 s
# X# G/ s9 M9 @# Y8 s: W(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)% r& q+ A% g( B3 S
and American speakers of English, |
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