 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
' h; `! A0 \* W9 L5 {' J; J4 UInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the( }6 \- g% K5 f8 u3 [/ [
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,7 e" n- C) J/ M' Z$ A1 O
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
8 m1 o# x, E% T+ R1 \* J( p(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of) u9 B6 R; A7 J6 f3 a/ ~6 w
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).4 R/ @& b* ]& X* v5 \9 i* j
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
& K3 r0 l0 }7 ?9 r/ n: }8 ?[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
5 R; t3 d& ^3 \- N9 \3 K(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving$ }5 n6 Q6 j* q6 P r5 e
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
, K5 E9 e( d1 g: R( Tpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset+ m' e; O4 l" }7 h
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two3 {% D) y6 a5 I* M3 D
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a/ o! n" v* V2 l' Y/ W
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
) `& D- y; c, l2 u8 g* d' Fend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In" N/ M" N5 e) A# j
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
: _2 [4 P" \. }7 g0 {# F' Lthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
8 ^3 N |8 J1 z: l7 @
! }: n" u" y+ \! W; j+ {(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
4 y2 E+ ^# J2 f. pand American speakers of English, |
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