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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
$ Z' e p8 c% s7 o! B- U1 h1 X2 j5 Z( EInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the! Y6 K! q4 m& P- R( n6 h$ s! Y3 V
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
# E7 N7 e) N! u# _. [5 d" O- yand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
# E, d9 E2 Y: H4 n, q8 T+ F(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
/ q- `' e' K. ~retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).7 \) k6 C. o( F' ~* o4 y
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=, Y9 q% z$ q$ W* }( G+ C0 y
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]* N* ]' N2 ~2 Z7 K( J
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving9 A4 A' Z. M5 I" H$ i' {
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
) V2 a2 z% t1 q9 X+ Apossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset& J5 f0 n7 ~+ V5 @
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two2 h4 |( w, e! H0 W
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a h: T6 b* I6 \9 Z
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
1 ^8 A8 i, {1 `2 E# {% Uend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In* S' m8 U& V+ k$ U
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,, p$ @) o2 i: C5 v
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
- n3 F3 j) p2 |! ?. ~
/ Y' G; H+ m: n5 }(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch) A0 c& o. m4 M$ {4 G
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
