 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The# l6 g1 n- @ D, ^
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
$ U/ U, n) S- q N# @2 Hsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,) e# i" c. n$ r; L w' x" g
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial& M3 Q3 @3 u0 b
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
B4 R! f. k( P2 o- r9 }+ eretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
4 M* P e! `( m- @9 `A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=+ z: {. y ]. w0 `" l
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]" g0 K3 ~& |: `6 M, {0 P: n& ]
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving3 I- h) r7 e# T4 `( w( v6 o: J- M
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
* K0 r! }4 W" @# ppossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset Q6 m; u( l S% y) R
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
6 Y: V. r, g/ d4 v$ x p7 Asegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a$ i0 m1 n, l( u' X9 J
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
. l; t8 `; @" l% R1 g: _5 Qend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In( v' Q; o' O" ~+ w# h+ J& A0 @
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
+ x: U8 ?1 @5 P ^1 p, Kthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..8 P/ f: }5 f3 V9 J0 B( d
9 B# S. ?3 u$ s! k: P; f
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)) c3 ]( j" K" o3 K& c: G0 {
and American speakers of English, |
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