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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
# v' q: H2 C- RInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the% b3 e. I3 [! Y- F7 P! {( g
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- }% o7 b1 F( N
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
+ s7 j4 ?; p6 B+ o- M( T+ h(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of5 H3 P5 m' X* b- c% t
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’). U( }- F% A' u4 B
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=0 t5 ^2 X# M5 x0 V
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
. z* h2 t2 F( ^0 J(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
! {6 B+ W7 ?9 p/ P3 Uretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
S) g. y# Y. W$ Npossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
8 x! o( r) P# w" ?. V(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two/ P% F6 B# r) W* _! U$ n
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a! @: ?& j8 |! b
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
6 J: D1 |( X( v0 ]4 Yend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In' m" Z8 b; x/ M4 z6 z% |
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,4 K2 c0 h! q4 f" a% [ I" V! Q
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
. {. D8 i: m) i7 J% L1 _: d' |9 V
3 M; Z7 ]8 \. ^; O0 R(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
7 Z- T& p2 v2 \' Eand American speakers of English, |
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