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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The: r* ^4 j# g; O* t) ? |9 g- k- d
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the2 p, A6 D3 w9 _8 ?
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
& R" E- W9 a2 w2 p5 Q: B; gand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial! J m6 b6 C5 P+ V, ~9 X4 Z4 a9 {
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
! H6 V! ?& ?; v, c$ H# ~3 g) Gretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
5 s- K ? _+ P9 HA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
6 \% V8 c$ u2 I: x" E, ~[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]3 c$ d6 T" T3 L8 n
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving) _/ M0 E7 H2 k( g
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on1 g$ W* v" A/ _2 d0 S
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset6 |9 m) C: [8 n3 h, n- A P# Y
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two1 r# \9 G) z9 D" g k# S7 d
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
0 ]0 l; i% r( a/ Bsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
' i* R' L; Q% X! J7 jend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
`, s1 O- N; k# X% kcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,) l' w! o/ U2 b2 y; E2 K/ h9 e* d
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
/ d, L0 R+ t: T1 L; ^! R m/ p8 p0 P! ^9 P2 v; W
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
, F: Z7 ?& S' y# V. C. G8 Dand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
