 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The9 K4 I7 @* U! y x0 B! W9 Q" n
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
3 D3 N3 H- Z( u+ z5 B- U( [( Rsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
; [; ]2 e& t5 L/ U# V6 Vand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
7 {; M3 v3 e4 i n- i, [(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
& p) ?! H+ ?- y& }( V% X2 Hretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
3 i4 ^9 E& J1 S* z7 |A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (= b+ E- F/ \3 z& h. K" j
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]3 m3 a7 H4 I. {8 J4 f: X
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving; d! v2 @) s5 m7 U" c, Z; {
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on! w# B V* n. j9 n! o0 e
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset' ]3 F& P; `1 `7 }1 D3 @" n6 W
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two" U, e R6 x5 l* d
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
k- w2 |" {" C! ^" Csemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.5 h2 b; v) m# A
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In! w$ h9 V Q% m1 `
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,, C* \/ z# `* _3 U( Y+ L$ T* g
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
4 x$ D [! d! E1 ?: H0 C7 v# U- B; _3 K {
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch), F# u* Q/ [$ F5 k4 K7 O
and American speakers of English, |
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