 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The# r8 X) Z- ]! Z( k ^7 _" E
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
1 M( G2 E7 N5 m: g8 a: esyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
: O/ e! J, G/ i$ F. m( g* ]and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial9 T% X6 c4 w5 }2 r! s
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of) X$ z9 \) G) X1 f: _! ~; i' T/ ~
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
& J/ i, c1 G- B4 _ SA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
6 O, t6 x, o! u$ A7 U/ P[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
9 q8 L6 P) \' w1 A# R(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving3 ?: o. k3 \7 N1 X6 i
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
# t9 z& [9 v& w& Y9 y9 l6 Q' Mpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
9 b$ h% `* X8 X0 W/ v(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two* J. N$ ~$ K8 M, W
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a; j {9 M3 x# G) W" ^3 ?% J' w6 m
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
% m3 @0 _9 a$ {" Yend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In# V- y# b0 ?4 e: y
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,$ {' P- c' v! i
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
& ?8 H, F) F+ @( r: x
2 D+ `4 b J2 H9 `8 e(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)7 O I7 A0 J, H
and American speakers of English, |
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