 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The& B: q7 b5 G4 h( J, l- |0 x# p
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
( _3 i, r) c+ ?, A( e2 l8 T$ R" ^syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,# Y: ]# w$ J/ {/ G6 V F
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
0 Q9 Q- T/ Q& A+ U# ]/ I(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of3 B% S% m- q' c2 ?
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).8 r/ {, w6 Y: T1 g) e) K9 l% o% g
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (= O3 s7 b |: g% v8 m) N. ]( X
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
4 ~6 Y% r" q/ X9 e1 `(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving+ ~% s7 ~$ _( u* z( M4 v
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on) P4 `" J( C* U; y7 T% S( r: }2 S
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset; X+ B1 @" L8 W" x
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two4 R* o V5 J" `8 ]: Y$ p
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
! j2 |7 b7 r, b: ?semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
3 C; ~# @5 l8 f" n& y8 eend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
* Z$ l0 s( V: H" |( V" T2 mcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
& V% C) p7 D! m( n5 B3 e# |3 dthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
* V- |$ L" F3 m4 i$ a9 h" i' n4 J, X6 T$ [ G2 }/ w# z$ j5 q1 R" }
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch), w. k3 t4 W9 \- h( w* n
and American speakers of English, |
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