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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The2 `$ W6 o9 W7 x; s3 ^; t& a y+ o. a) [
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
, i8 [& g$ _" O4 v5 N" r X6 w `9 z" jsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,+ h$ q! C. A0 v
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial2 j1 V8 R( ]6 F8 N+ N$ E* r2 c
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of6 S; S9 c, m8 {) E% F
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
. j% b6 w1 l& {0 B8 MA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=* ^7 Y8 E9 ~% F% B1 L
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
8 L& `- d9 F F(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving. K: i( e2 w2 Y5 W2 A, m+ ~
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
1 F1 i$ L4 ]0 ]* ppossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset& B4 M2 E- S+ A; m+ K6 i
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
1 i/ C/ @3 m. ]5 F) G2 q; Q/ Ssegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
7 n2 I5 g4 f! z) Z6 |( v& Z5 qsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.9 ?3 N) T: [6 y8 j
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In4 H, F+ e! x& w: s
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
' q# k/ y; E. q6 r. Kthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..4 v, H9 a9 D% S+ I3 o9 \, n2 |
# I3 \ g) ?2 l; V(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)( [6 M4 v7 o7 e/ v& X- y) W
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
