 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
' ]) K; w& U& @. t* U# dInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the! y t M8 b1 S. f/ O3 ]: N
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
4 j3 }* u1 b% D$ h0 L. i9 @" ] d3 ]and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial& W( r3 E4 p: a5 v$ ~( l: [
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
" {0 Q+ j0 I- {+ cretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
0 I: |0 \/ K7 ~* b* ZA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
2 `" M; {$ K6 g! Z# M: _[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”], ^+ J# V, X; O- }5 W
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving) \5 C% X. q1 z
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
+ R0 L+ Y; _3 M: H8 m. e: ipossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset8 D! x, F$ T+ ~8 s& }8 V Z* T
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
; s0 \$ b! \) P, C4 Lsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
4 x0 k3 R9 P: y# L; Usemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.7 l2 J) G# u6 t) M x8 X. D3 C
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In; G N- c. {1 [$ S- B
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element, l$ i5 H8 b; \) h+ s& f
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..4 R: t' |9 I9 p/ u7 C
$ R( r, Z3 J6 y' A
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
' u4 Z$ j/ }; gand American speakers of English, |
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