 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The) M3 {' d2 H! L9 ~% V4 C) q9 p
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
/ W6 ~2 B3 E8 v1 `. gsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,$ f8 g& I$ d. b$ \& K
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
2 D, m2 {% ?" q- J) i$ H(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of, l" h2 s" Z, g8 T
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
5 i* C" I, o. x9 B2 IA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=1 `+ E, a, ^( x) j J' A
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]& {8 H' e/ |, f5 C- e. c1 W
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving' V5 ~' [- T, g0 |& o3 o8 R
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
1 C# D: t# s: [+ L/ b# ^possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset- _* j0 a @: Z2 h# V3 N
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
2 P# s4 o7 Z; @% o6 [segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a- `4 p2 Z2 r& \3 O* u& e% ` L
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
2 I+ f4 A" U8 T v! zend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
9 l0 Z' G& F. f- dcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
2 X0 l- r( p& |9 j; B/ Y v. k1 G' mthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
2 ~) E; @' q0 L% {5 C" m! i- p' T8 h( C4 r- A- J) A
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
2 G! `. r! G# i# ? p* i aand American speakers of English, |
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