 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. w$ ~5 z0 `7 R2 Q
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* F7 g: |4 i% u+ l6 X, {syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- i1 w3 X4 R& i6 ], L' L
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial' ]8 o# g( U2 |5 S. M9 ]4 o
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of2 C, ?) W/ N: A9 d
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
6 Y3 L3 J( f0 d& f( N: sA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=9 ~2 h% O- m" C9 n3 a/ T' K
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
c- d# L- {6 l+ D( ](phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
* u9 d- f0 B7 V: f5 rretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
: D# W* H, U* E% J, D- W6 S6 }possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
0 H. U5 S' B- _& M8 r. u(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two6 p" U! n, F! @: c9 i, S
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a2 a3 u v- J+ `
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.* A3 {& R/ ~9 v; Y& ?+ Q% [
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
, Z) n* ^2 w+ ~* X. Ocompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
h8 n) Y1 k9 m! @3 x# athe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..7 s r; o- W5 B: I' Z2 j
! a% E- @0 K5 l/ s _5 ?(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)- e9 n1 [2 Q4 K: I8 K$ e8 s, ]
and American speakers of English, |
|