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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
' b3 b5 b( }' M% E% ^, T: _Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the: g1 u- u8 y1 U6 l
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,# l$ _3 b2 I: j% V1 ^' e
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
+ M4 k& S9 |1 c& w0 j2 m8 j(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
% c' x$ a7 m2 _. Wretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).5 A& B0 l- W+ t, r/ C5 F+ U
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
+ d) v) o$ t5 o9 @& ]& H[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
! O; r5 H3 w3 U% v(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving) D! o! }& M; d: d6 Z) Q( U
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on9 s$ c9 S' D- |+ I! f9 x
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset- d4 D2 D* D" o# z/ @0 C' s
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two# W5 N3 z) [1 r
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a; G+ O+ n6 @. F; v, P2 G0 a& B
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
/ Q1 b3 p* J% n9 {9 e" c: jend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
/ V& f: `, o! M1 d1 Qcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,5 a" ]6 B, Y) e1 m" t/ B
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..4 I2 x8 ~; m& R; v7 ~+ h
! ~6 x; _5 a8 _6 \% |9 H
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)9 |. S6 R! Q+ T0 r6 u
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
