 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
! Z1 A) V4 ?$ l" P& V5 oInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the; z D/ j$ A* {2 R% b9 Y7 A$ M+ N9 H
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- V O0 `) B( _; ]3 v( g, v/ d# U
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial- O2 f1 i: _# {4 T2 P; f
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
) T+ k3 s6 `- ^/ f- Aretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
% O: J; \" q7 C" B" S* sA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=+ t( x( P; Z8 w1 ~) r
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
3 y! S1 B; D/ k! b# k) j3 s7 L& l2 I" R(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
7 R& ~" h' l- `8 rretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
8 W: w& e' `* ~+ J: Lpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
) u, K0 s# w& Z0 {5 N, I; S! D(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two% B! F; [( t/ Q' z6 S) I1 w$ d
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
/ s9 M8 E: |3 O5 gsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
8 R% B$ t8 j3 X5 C6 F( Send with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
/ g" W; J7 n& }3 s+ R, O% h+ _compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
! M% b9 Q5 Y, v2 h1 ithe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
5 `% B5 k! P. v
% R1 y) D" H7 W0 B6 w7 s( A# t) z(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)! Q R' B _* r# I. @
and American speakers of English, |
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