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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
* W; [: h: i" _9 b: W+ ^- tInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
3 T, T( w8 ~7 Y$ Bsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
! u5 F) A. D+ [7 ?! \) V2 w# Wand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
/ j1 U0 W8 n- ^: N. z( g2 b(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
7 e- q, A W: W6 R9 H. G! cretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
4 N% F1 O4 N- |A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=& f& h \+ B8 @# C( W: {1 {
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]# W3 N, a O- e8 ~$ V* R8 x
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
, M- e! A& g% g; rretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
& o8 g+ ^' f5 r/ |possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset0 T' x$ c# h' H! W' n; X
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two8 S5 Y" R L! M
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
# X* A, U3 z2 I8 Z' r9 Bsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.( V% f( }( U @, [ S
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In2 j+ K( n/ P) N! l
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
( T, G2 C5 u$ N4 U$ g2 wthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..7 l: _# S: b2 q# a
% b' J+ I' |3 G6 t
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
2 _" E+ _7 |/ q/ c. dand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
