 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The- T7 @5 ^/ Z" e6 i$ t) u9 W( E
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the. l. Z: r" X' h: \/ S6 J
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
4 H# m3 X6 A! Z2 g# gand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
, a1 e+ Q q" @(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of- r( u! z# v% w6 H, n; i# E
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
$ y" d$ D# E, O# d- O. jA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
& n4 m( U4 y! ^. r; p( T3 Z5 I. L( B[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]* r( F. M% l; M6 ]" e
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving6 m$ h0 h8 W# X' N7 L
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
, H8 q m, n4 a' y. Q2 Mpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
6 r: n+ O! o! Y) G! B(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
8 _6 `# i1 i% ^segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a+ S! u0 D8 Q: b. i5 t" B1 q
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
6 H. \# w# B' i' O1 }5 b6 Iend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In! j3 w$ k3 p0 n$ j* l; h$ T
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,; k5 O- ^' h) e' o4 i. ?4 [
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
* V5 }; I' F0 [* e1 I+ j# y3 `" u1 u2 E6 R" T
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
2 _* |- F& O. \. ]8 b" Jand American speakers of English, |
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