 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The2 g; D1 o; {$ E* L2 f4 w$ m
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
! Z7 ~* k$ I, p+ I, e/ Isyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
) j" v5 a; J- P9 i% Z+ `$ land uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial& C D! g6 }# p
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of7 w7 H- a# [* w5 a2 ~! k4 o! Q) m1 I
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).- ]1 z% f' ?0 L* W; b) v
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
5 E9 z& p$ {: Q5 a[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
' {7 i" L) @' I8 N& Q2 P(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
$ p9 {6 J' D. Q, P# e Qretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on0 D9 S6 V) w" m4 X
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset" B" {: r& I4 S: a- F& R+ U1 K
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two& }: H$ S/ B' N- q/ O
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
( K5 G. U$ z8 ]semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
7 P& I+ ^- ^" w* {0 N: v& b# p, ~' lend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In5 X: x6 `7 |+ Y a' ^
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
) w- l: X! l* O$ d9 S' O6 @the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
2 o8 @& s# t2 e: c2 J! [4 R9 Q+ ~
0 W! L# I Q, i) f(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ S/ [( d. j6 h+ P- land American speakers of English, |
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