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发表于 2010-10-19 10:04
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Roman Catholic Church（罗马天主教会）
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, m% X/ K0 I3 R- T4 r' `/ \: VAn extensive account of the teaching of the Catholic Church on Anointing of the Sick is given in Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1499–1532.9 }4 y; l* \/ o& z/ m
1 i% q$ a% i6 U7 \Anointing of the Sick is one of the seven Sacraments, and is associated not only with bodily healing but with forgiveness of sins. Only priests can administer it,[12] and "any priest may carry the holy oil with him, so that in a case of necessity he can administer the sacrament of anointing of the sick."[13]8 i, M3 r$ Q+ _1 {4 e
- q$ _5 \6 p; h h; ]The Catholic Church sees the effects of the sacrament as follows. As the sacrament of Marriage gives grace for the married state, the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick gives grace for the state into which people enter through sickness. Through the sacrament a gift of the Holy Spirit is given, that renews confidence and faith in God and strengthens against temptations to discouragement, despair and anguish at the thought of death and the struggle of death; it prevents from losing Christian hope in God's justice, truth and salvation.. X) x# k! Y1 g5 A2 R
6 n0 S$ |- e: j' [ The special grace of the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick has as its effects:
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' W- v9 J7 X0 v# C# S+ i * the uniting of the sick person to the passion of Christ, for his own good and that of the whole Church;
1 c2 ?4 y2 l" G8 X * the strengthening, peace, and courage to endure in a Christian manner the sufferings of illness or old age;* m* k( m# J1 x# h( p
* the forgiveness of sins, if the sick person was not able to obtain it through the sacrament of penance;8 N" R# [6 P4 t" W
* the restoration of health, if it is conducive to the salvation of his soul;
7 p0 Y+ t! m+ |! u( _ * the preparation for passing over to eternal life."[14]* }* R4 Z5 K; R8 [
- Y0 u6 ?& m6 f# yThe duly blessed oil used in the sacrament is, as laid down in the Apostolic Constitution Sacram unctionem infirmorum, pressed from olives or from other plants.[15] It is blessed by the bishop of the diocese at the Chrism Mass he celebrates on Holy Thursday or on a day close to it. If oil blessed by the bishop is not available, the priest administering the sacrament may bless the oil, but only within the framework of the celebration.[16]
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The Roman Rite Anointing of the Sick, as revised in 1972, puts greater stress than in the immediately preceding centuries on the sacrament's aspect of healing, and points to the place sickness holds in the normal life of Christians and its part in the redemptive work of the Church.[1] Canon law permits its administration to any Catholic who has reached the age of reason and is beginning to be put in danger by illness or old age,[17] unless the person in question obstinately persists in a manifestly grave sin.[18] "If there is any doubt as to whether the sick person has reached the use of reason, or is dangerously ill, or is dead, this sacrament is to be administered".[19] There is an obligation to administer it to the sick who, when they were in possession of their faculties, at least implicitly asked for it.[20] A new illness or a renewal or worsening of the first illness enables a person to receive the sacrament a further time.[21]
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A. t) C; s* c+ _( ]" mThe sacrament can be administered within Mass, which is the preferred manner.[22] If the celebration takes place outside of Mass, it can be held in the home, in a hospital or institution, or in church.[23] The rite begins with a greeting by the priest, followed by sprinkling of all present with holy water, if deemed desirable, and a short instruction.[24] There follows a penitential act, as at the beginning of Mass.[25] If the sick person wishes to receive the sacrament of penance, it is preferable that the priest make himself available for this during a previous visit; but if the sick person must confess during the celebration of the sacrament of anointing, this confession replaces the penitential rite[26] A passage of Scripture is read, and the priest may give a brief explanation of the reading, a short litany is said, and the priest lays his hands on the head of the sick person and then says a prayer of thanksgiving over the already blessed oil or, if necessary, blesses the oil himself.[27]
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The actual anointing of the sick person is done on the forehead, with the prayer "Through this holy anointing may the Lord in his love and mercy help you with the grace of the Holy Spirit", and on the hands, with the prayer "May the Lord who frees you from sin save you and raise you up". To each prayer the sick person, if able, responds: "Amen."[28]7 ^5 B" y" j/ W' d. F9 f
2 |& z4 x; T; j0 {It is permitted, in accordance with local culture and traditions and the condition of the sick person, to anoint other parts of the body in addition, such as the area of pain or injury, but without repeating the sacramental form.[28]
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% M8 r8 F% S/ J& ^In case of emergency, a single anointing, not necessarily on the forehead, is sufficient.[29]
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. g8 X6 L, d6 l; v( x/ LFrom the early Middle Ages until after the Second Vatican Council the sacrament was administered, within the Latin Church, only when death was approaching and, in practice, bodily recovery was not ordinarily looked for,[1] giving rise, as mentioned above to the name Extreme Unction (i.e. final anointing). The form used in the Roman Rite included anointing of seven parts of the body while saying (in Latin): "Through this holy unction and His own most tender mercy may the Lord pardon thee whatever sins or faults thou hast committed [quidquid deliquisti] by sight [by hearing, smell, taste, touch, walking, carnal delectation]", the last phrase corresponding to the part of the body that was touched; however, in the words of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia, "the unction of the loins is generally, if not universally, omitted in English-speaking countries, and it is of course everywhere forbidden in case of women".[7] Use of this form is still permitted under the conditions mentioned in article 9 of the 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum.[30]
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# Y3 a. X# i# q9 t& DLiturgical rites of the Catholic Church, both Western and Eastern, other than the Roman, have a variety of other forms for celebrating the sacrament. |
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