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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士
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Y0 }7 d! R. s5 {) vhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197$ U0 G, V/ k5 i- ~
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22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer
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4 ^( ~: z! V1 m3 B* QScience and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
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A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.4 J: u! E7 u: b* u8 j3 w
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The study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.( I0 v& c' O6 ]% p6 H6 x i
/ I0 F8 j* }, b0 K3 z/ N2 |: [; PThe team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one./ [9 v3 H* l; ~5 z) s" ~) {
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The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
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& T: M& y5 d7 x% W) XTheir means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.9 ^& f0 ?0 r* t; M0 o
2 n [: m& W W5 Y! o: U" uOne of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.
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* N& [; Q- `5 d. @+ K# v% CAt its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.
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\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.( b% m) P- J* x- j6 Y& n# s
2 M# }' J. d9 [\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.
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2 T9 W. z7 S) N4 y\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"
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Dr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"
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* x3 K$ a; N/ ?The team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.7 t( z8 s+ k7 H, c# W
, Z* w/ K' k& A0 l/ TThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
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^( p F* ]' C eAnd in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.
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4 \! n3 U" j8 w9 z; Y/ RHowever, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.
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. G7 u! M+ }! t+ k+ h2 ]( iHowever, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\". 9 a; I) ?+ w' z* h- l% {" p
9 k( I2 {( z' P3 y\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.
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\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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