从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
/ V# z2 O3 ^- e: J- b. Q% v例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

1 e1 D# T" }3 T$ RA：I like apples.
; ]! S% {2 @6 M4 V
6 ^" r7 y" D! pB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
8 h. z% _. o* e0 ?: [4 R
　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

/ a4 S9 `  c$ t$ R; K1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
: F  k3 w2 z8 N8 O6 [
2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
+ b( R- B% z# G4 b0 e
, G/ N/ j; @/ Y1 `3 [% }. F第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
1 ]" o; b% s+ O$ G( `7 k  i
; w3 g+ Z+ A6 O% I第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
" O( e  Q4 b1 t0 M, h
. ^( c8 J6 o9 m% n& `" b3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

' I1 [* r/ `9 u& @, v---Nor it is!

This cup hasn't got a handle!
0 V+ s7 U. C9 ~  l0 H
---Nor it has!

四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

! D0 W$ \; R, rDerothy: Look it's raining!
! N4 C4 u0 X3 t
5 V6 W/ C& F" u' SDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

' Q5 f/ ^2 t) Q/ g7 l  X7 X' }Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
/ m/ \& n) T6 r! e; p$ ^, h
; q+ a- a, u# k# aDerothy: So we can.
! A' B% x0 R4 ]3 D: _
. h' w2 L  x1 Q9 t0 R7 cDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

0 d( L! H" Y, D2 O9 |# rDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
) O; ~7 P6 O- \1 ]- R+ C/ L- }
Denald: Yes, let's.
& v6 X: v3 F; G% }1 s
Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

+ ^# @* l7 ?" V9 K2 E$ EDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
& X9 S! F0 u$ n$ V6 u! W! }) x) B4 |
Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
5 }& J) o! i$ d
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

Dorothy: It's the postman.
4 K" b: o# B7 i4 x4 q
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
2 e1 j, Y2 l/ O) E: J5 \
Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
/ W2 B; H5 o' J8 b- M
; o2 e& p8 p0 u* z- }7 I5 hDorothy: Nor do I!

/ k) ^+ R9 J! _! JDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

$ E8 W" E" [6 _; X# N5 U6 `8 Y+ CDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
/ [& p0 r# N( r% n+ b* Q0 l* z
# d" b. P/ Y6 v$ n( F' L' @Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
, n' }% [  W$ B
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
( R8 k* L  t/ m% K* B
Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
9 t5 I, E( E4 x* e/ b
Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
0 K2 J5 J( U8 L7 h
! p6 d! f, E# P, F1 ]3 e! pDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.