从"So do I"谈起

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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
. ?4 K! S. m* g5 p例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

3 H) c: Y$ a; P/ [1 yA：I like apples.

% K; z! J9 x* ^B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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: Y5 \1 I# v- B　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
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本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
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2 W. ~& r6 B9 O% p1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

- f8 v* F7 r2 M! H% y2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

( ?( z) l0 B# U0 @+ z又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
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第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
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第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
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3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

  I# E; v6 P1 b9 h如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

( h( z. ^3 Z/ j5 y5 J. w( H---Nor it is!
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; O0 }2 l8 J2 e1 O3 w% S' e9 pThis cup hasn't got a handle!

---Nor it has!
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四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
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7 L4 C# k- L8 v; y) b0 h) KDerothy: Look it's raining!
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+ U1 }1 @( X6 m4 j# V+ xDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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! r6 c4 C. A  NDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
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Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

" n( Z, ?! c0 o9 {( pDerothy: So we can.

0 P+ [4 Y0 g( i8 f; rDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

& A4 S- N5 u$ R, WDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?

Denald: Yes, let's.
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0 m* `/ N  Z& f2 \, j7 q5 L: t# vDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

5 k4 D  [) v6 oDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
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- w, @3 \" q/ a3 H* LDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
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Dorothy: It's the postman.
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Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

  Q7 f6 n8 ?: S# K0 IDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

  z9 e" M, ?6 d( d7 n  m% K$ nDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

/ e; b$ b- e: U) O2 [2 ?5 ?Dorothy: Nor do I!
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Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
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. m$ k9 h, ~9 R. t. @3 lDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

& L5 @: o# z1 x9 r* [Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

* i" ]/ |& @, W6 i6 u' I) @/ v, BDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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1 `" N$ ?# X& j9 I9 GDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
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8 P+ q8 E" ?' ~) E) ?Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.