从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
1 G" }! z6 l7 c) y& M# g8 D例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

A：I like apples.
! i7 X2 Q3 t1 [  z' s; O5 v7 s# t
* i; U7 q  o/ b# s+ b$ V8 zB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
4 J; \0 x6 Y! H1 x
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
; ]3 O1 a+ q0 D! N, C- k& X
3 S  i( J/ Q7 n" f6 O% B$ m7 M2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
" Z6 T6 T6 y& G- `. _1 ~
又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
" x6 K: ~# f6 l: A: b8 w0 \3 k7 G
& a. W7 e' Y: x! S- T! D( n第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

4 @) D; |: I% p' B3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

$ v% v( k. q" A+ M4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
$ _6 b( t# P0 g) t
, ], C. }0 T  @2 `1 X如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!

This cup hasn't got a handle!
) N# ?, ?! M- E! I/ p
0 H9 e# x( i% _+ X2 ?! t---Nor it has!
9 w' V6 g- v4 c! |
四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
9 x6 a2 M* s: @4 I. k: Y- b* c
Derothy: Look it's raining!
2 X/ K% {  U3 @: U% `1 D% A" h% ?
' l. ~' b! T4 o: qDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
3 K1 }. ^' |' @% j
Derothy: So we can.

  v3 v2 g. B$ D, j& ?# fDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
% u0 t7 S; y* d! l" V& n9 {1 B
7 |& y* X. h. f+ k# YDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?

Denald: Yes, let's.

) i  X9 n3 [* l6 c- C5 \  [  Y# LDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
) z9 H2 `9 ~. M- v; J4 M) `
6 h; w3 `5 Y" |Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
* Y- \5 m+ |3 L1 O. `! a
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

$ ?  h& m: n. F- vDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
; J8 s+ W; m6 {1 H6 F
Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

- c/ I" L# o! C7 m! |: pDorothy: It's the postman.
. h, s0 [9 m# d9 a
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

2 L( J( q* S$ y& |Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
* w8 g4 X0 f' {3 j9 A$ O) G9 }
Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

# ?6 w# K0 v* HDorothy: Nor do I!

Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
* d" V+ j! F$ O- v
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
- |6 z% y) ?+ R9 @, \9 c
9 u7 w; H: E$ r/ C" H8 ~. }3 }Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

4 r  ^; l' R; b- ~: e. S. C/ J0 cDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
8 H4 D; _2 k. W; [6 |
Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
0 D) `3 c1 d! y/ f" a/ z1 m& Y
  b  g- i; |1 f2 a+ i* Z' ODorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.