从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

: x4 Q! {1 x( S, E" H9 u1 ~A：I like apples.

& P9 m$ ~% _5 Y- p9 n* f  M4 YB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
3 b5 ~% G! t& W" P" h% F( |
本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
( w9 D6 M/ i4 j
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
# C, w" `4 i. S+ o: s
又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
% U. p4 X& V& Q0 g0 b* [4 w2 N
5 ?& T1 F. P9 U3 t) Z" Q+ H第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
: H6 Q$ ?; K% ]3 @4 V& r4 n
- T2 _8 T2 @" W, n$ Q2 q第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

" r6 u, Y/ b  J: b% \! [! x3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
6 X4 l% j# u4 l0 x
, ?6 B* [, w1 f1 e( i# Y" f4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
. {, a( v- ^  S  ?
如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
) @$ t6 o" l" C8 a# b
---Nor it is!

This cup hasn't got a handle!

---Nor it has!

0 Q0 ?4 L, z) t8 I8 I四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

Derothy: Look it's raining!

, f# g2 O$ B' `( p, gDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

# q) @+ T% {, ]+ S) f+ JDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
3 T, m! s7 T  E" }0 C& V4 r
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
* s0 w0 y" @) u
% y) ~: N* X" k# u  ^6 L  hDerothy: So we can.

& M7 N" N9 G. Y! |# f  \' B+ zDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

3 `1 X; P, _& j) e& MDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
4 ^- F- p# }& A. q2 b0 V' b# q
Denald: Yes, let's.
% U( w  A  W) r) y! s+ z8 q6 v+ U
1 K4 \6 T. k7 q: o6 W: a! {2 rDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
& q  Z. b4 ]2 r# m9 S* U
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

" |: {1 V$ D/ bDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

5 w& b& ]. O9 IDorothy: It's the postman.

Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
6 b9 O7 ~. h- m( [* X
) u5 ?7 e! a0 k9 n9 d$ l' T4 tDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

" T* x" ~& @3 J4 O. Z9 F) S& E, V2 p% UDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

Dorothy: Nor do I!
4 Z% \4 K$ N. ?  V" H; h
Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

4 X) P8 ~, c! ~Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

$ M) i( y9 A, k3 r: MDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
3 L* M+ O1 z1 Z4 `9 z; S7 g; A8 a! k9 G
% H/ [! u% }! u  K( LDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

, l- w9 P+ T* y6 q: {. P$ o! b  h" `9 CDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

/ N- b) p, p9 d  aDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.