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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
3 U( \( P( C: O$ \# h4 _/ e& g2 M5 _+ W例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说： 1 X7 e1 p8 |5 u
- q6 r+ Z* T* YA：I like apples.
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# Q- d2 a, a* r' X+ R* ?B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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H( r2 ]% v. J, K$ r3 e 这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。 ( e2 ~8 j) I; E0 Y# `( q
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本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
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6 t8 d9 r% `- u1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he. 6 q2 t- L! l- J
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2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。 ) `' y8 f. r9 ^9 K0 Q& k, ~
5 h/ Y* F% T( Q' [6 z$ |又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
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第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is) 6 i" E; O g9 p7 t9 Q
: }8 F5 p, C3 Y) j. ?第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。
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3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 2 E2 [& b2 u6 {* n$ L- ~6 Z; r- ^
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4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构 8 d, }6 T" Y# b/ o5 d7 p* R
2 E" P6 R: u# J% R# G7 j7 D4 K+ `如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more! W1 H0 \) R7 G; I$ `
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---Nor it is! 2 S( B9 U5 k) Q" v
6 X1 Z8 S& k: r$ wThis cup hasn't got a handle! ; Q4 o* @& w+ {, S0 H; u' r
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---Nor it has! ( a+ C# W: h$ ]2 f- T8 u
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四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
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Derothy: Look it's raining!
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Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now. ( O% J* d9 i& {5 u" m& _7 _* `
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Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
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Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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Derothy: So we can. ( j) e1 _$ S. C
3 J0 C2 Q; N; g. R$ }6 L- K% xDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole". 9 d5 y' W/ G7 ^
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Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
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6 j' u' |5 W6 _, ]8 k5 jDenald: Yes, let's. & b$ G6 ?5 o: z1 t7 |' H
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Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
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2 `+ @. T7 Z9 p4 fDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
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1 b9 f: C C4 |2 z# b0 vDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6. ! J) @3 o" \6 |2 S x7 Z
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Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more. ) o# s. D7 U& G1 k$ B/ d$ {% }) t9 d* F4 r
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Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk. # M% P% v9 g0 w9 m7 G9 ^
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road? 7 k s7 h3 ~: U" v3 w5 q8 E! J1 q! b8 h
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Dorothy: It's the postman.
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7 B0 U' h, s8 I0 J) C+ vDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
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. x" T, n# r4 ]' f/ F6 vDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us. 3 A1 w+ S- Q' g' c
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Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
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Dorothy: Nor do I!
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Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us! / u, e. I4 T: Q4 J' y
/ X/ Z+ E8 _* VDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it. 5 ~; E7 Y$ |! M0 E R J6 {
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Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
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Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby! : y# s, t: i2 r$ Y) y
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Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
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Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange. 1 L( a: q1 Q. Q0 r \; }
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
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