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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
" K( z! Y1 r4 t# }2 }, i1 \$ z! u 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 K) F/ A4 L, |. Z' _* {1 s4 q, H
* e$ r/ X( _2 p1 P: k 二、解小便 6 P- u/ h0 }; Q' J. c5 i, G3 [' E
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 5 C9 _9 o, X# J7 M. g
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? - Q" l z% I" s( s: b5 I( ?
1 ]: B( N* m; {8 j$ z6 m 医生或许也会问: & f9 d7 c" H {; U" j. h
Do you have trouble urinating? ' z! h. e& Z- L& C8 G: [. O
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: ! C4 M2 O6 _8 M* d+ ?
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: " Y" b" ?; L! [9 y; \$ v( l
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. : q3 z& C# |) f) g4 {& Q
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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9 G0 B% }- `9 b* k& H- [( S6 x/ G 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 2 h$ H. I/ t! o7 n' ]( E* N
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
1 f6 |+ E$ O A( A7 | 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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4 T" F7 [3 }, I" @# s * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ; p) X3 V# e% k& y
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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6 K' {1 D0 q. C0 D" d1 \ * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
3 O& ]- ^/ @: y9 ^* j! T& D 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 , p+ f. i- Z" t( I
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 8 [! [0 i& i# s X6 f# y
* The boy needs to pee. ' G5 J9 F1 K j7 Z3 `% e. Z1 T
) u9 J5 [7 L5 J9 G 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
! d t7 W5 g/ V1 [* V; r+ R * Do I need a urine test? 0 n9 L+ |& N% c3 Q4 T" y& \
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
( w; v$ I7 t5 a * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ; I) J, V: e& g
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
6 t7 H9 _; q1 j; M * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) / r' |0 n: [* f8 P" N( O! l
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
/ i: e" f9 d* u; m) b# {: z: O * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 2 \" U0 X; _. o& }$ r$ d
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
% `* O ]- v# L* e 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 3 H8 _3 C: i5 ]5 Y4 Q1 J" J. a8 T) F
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
' n0 E+ m2 A- r# I, i5 D7 \ =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
. e5 L. j0 i; ?4 Q1 D7 K0 i * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) # ~: s( A- [& L8 [3 }8 n
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: { `* p4 A& j/ o
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) & M9 P5 R0 r% |- T( g. U6 T
; s2 i+ _' C- l 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
1 s7 H" n, F2 N& \' _( B7 a, }$ X1 _4 x * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
# \) s1 z3 p1 `* ^ 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ; }& Q8 \5 _* y3 q+ o5 X1 z2 X
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
f2 r v/ |3 P/ C 你放屁的次数很多吗? ; Z m/ d# J3 ?# b+ V& }5 y# }
* Is the gas expelled by belching? - j; X [2 u% O# A' D; ?
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
* O) p' u) ~. m' s * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. / K# Y' U. { `1 d
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 ' Y1 } e, H- l9 p4 O, N0 |
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
% M4 N5 v- v9 {! \; ? 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
! u$ k/ F* l( z" e9 R, }1 V * Be careful not to fart in the public. ; y; z$ v3 E. O- X: g1 O
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 # H, s- @% Q1 ?. Q; O$ e
8 K! R9 k' ^4 t0 x 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: # u( d1 ~ j$ k# Y& E6 ?
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ' Q( Z( z" f2 F
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 8 R$ E3 W5 I" p6 U
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) $ p% o: }/ w' v( P: |6 [) m' J" l9 _! @$ u
8 D% T; U5 U5 K * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
9 b3 q3 t0 j; e J; C0 i 胃不舒服有两星期了。) " |7 q+ z! V; `6 O
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) # A! }) w- U7 @" \1 F# P
他经常便秘。) 或 k4 @1 s. n6 {' n
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
O C& ~: q# Y+ P7 P * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 9 t, E6 s7 S. m% ]% C5 s6 I
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 3 }- G Z7 P, I7 L" J' @ @3 b
4 V5 ^# T8 u: C8 g3 y3 B * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
8 U8 |, ^9 t6 Y$ W; Y 他拉了一阵肚子。 8 s7 s3 {0 }7 v# K
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 3 P; Y/ b! _: \9 I1 \5 [* C P' s
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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