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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
/ o$ d; q, o: Q4 m5 l 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 , @7 X3 N; `7 E# E
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二、解小便 . a- u+ ?0 \7 z0 ^* {$ h
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: # c9 D% @/ }, D+ F2 V% x" @( b. v
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 0 o; o3 I3 [# M4 U
. e, D4 t$ c: p& X) }3 c2 R 医生或许也会问: ) ]2 @ i# p% _
Do you have trouble urinating?
6 ^7 F; a) j7 f2 M3 ?: w- v6 f =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 2 f. B( L5 \- K# C1 s; F
' g/ H- I8 \* g) H9 ^ 此外,还有其他的说法:
) _5 }0 U, T' L4 w to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
# Q& v5 S6 \* Q5 @# f0 m* G5 |% O * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
& \" D, m% Q/ h5 b, V" p* U4 A * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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4 s' h. {& a1 o 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 4 E2 y% ]& X3 n
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
# L) v' F% z/ `8 q% M, e" e 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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) h, |- ^! z. I/ Q A& a$ q * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
; N/ M, M& `$ c" p/ | 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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$ u0 \ R. Y+ ?, y * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. % y7 y/ d. T! I. E" ` X1 m1 g
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 7 I# g' ?, d: ]6 |; o8 X
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
$ S5 Y' @! g) \1 \- }( i7 L' Z * The boy needs to pee. * t; G7 F' ]' Z( [. R
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
7 I) _8 f. y( ]7 U1 a5 o3 i * Do I need a urine test? # V0 y, i9 K1 g7 Q2 @% Q
$ @1 F* {( K D6 D+ I9 q$ f 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
2 f, |- g& X) \( G) [9 R+ v * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
; d% N; b' I# }8 y9 K) m0 g * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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5 u0 `' p- R0 M t2 | 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 2 i/ {) Q# G" T3 T' O% l
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 1 E5 T1 E4 v: R" Y
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) * Q! h' v) Q: w2 @2 y
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
# l& U, W6 @2 s$ N& ? * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 6 q) B2 B, K! i" S( O3 U3 P
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三、解大便
6 Y/ ?& y* U+ D; q 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 6 n9 ^! h2 I# ?2 P/ O3 N0 b% d
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) , [4 l, B( \- @4 a
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 5 B+ I w! K4 P/ [% D/ F- S2 }
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 8 W/ Q0 s1 a% v5 q
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) ! C" u) D; M" t# U( Z
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 2 Z! h9 v- t% J$ M6 |2 o3 H# @
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
, E9 p6 ^, ]. h5 [1 g( i w 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: $ W3 X& e( u) v4 t) v1 `3 L, |
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? % `) N, }. J- c) |& i
你放屁的次数很多吗?
5 E; M/ R1 g# @ * Is the gas expelled by belching?
: z' d3 H3 E- U5 D2 {9 } 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
6 B9 @& |" B4 N$ P& G * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
* H7 {; V, d3 N \; s6 } 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 7 `9 d$ }$ I: e/ j& J! k+ t
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. & L' p- H! x# z4 L3 s
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
/ x0 D% x) A, t! x5 g * Be careful not to fart in the public. , \6 h7 C( V( V9 u, Z" i0 G. r
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 4 A. `- M: P, y! f
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
% r( u! R- _9 K4 N# `+ L = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
# m3 G) w7 Y; _& u 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) F7 S% L3 }5 b
) l0 c+ \% e- T4 u) {6 ]# Q * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 2 C; O, K; x( |+ E
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
7 x! i% E3 E' K* H * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
# V$ V- m. ?3 G/ u7 A 他经常便秘。) 或 6 `9 ?9 G+ y% V# a
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
* w% D) Y" C7 I" H * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
5 N, ?$ z, X8 ?6 O% s& n O3 K * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. / g' T$ h- M' K% q) E
2 A. h2 B; }6 B0 R! N# D* g" A6 F1 n * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 8 \ x& f) G+ q: v! h
他拉了一阵肚子。
* b9 E" X1 X/ |8 J; n * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) # P* ?5 q3 |5 r4 S; r
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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