 鲜花( 1)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
) C5 I8 I0 ?9 F3 t. F) B( F( z& c4 n7 n! y; E7 a) v4 F" k2 E
一、厕所
' \! v1 _) _# [! \: P6 _( ^7 [+ k 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 : C0 l- m7 j: z$ }7 T4 H( v' E
" X; q4 X, x, ^9 E& b9 V* q 二、解小便
! i# | t/ I7 G* @2 L Y 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
! v1 ~! Z, d9 g" \( v9 K Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
( _( J* d7 Z# m' d- ?
6 o: L6 Z% S4 G7 _# H 医生或许也会问:
8 S C+ }( B' z; K: ? Do you have trouble urinating? 6 Q! s! a8 }0 O: B2 f
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
# T" }+ V: I* k% b) m
" s* \" z" Y0 N h( A2 W 此外,还有其他的说法:
% R+ b" T5 u* R3 z5 @6 m- Y, |$ j to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
' `% V) V% t2 D2 h: B, q/ | * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
$ l9 H X$ B% S. V. l9 C$ P6 l; _& h * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) - x' T+ \% @0 U( N: f# X& J* O& X
% x% v) n" P# V0 K# D 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: , X) o; p* G9 @# m; c
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
# [: e3 X) {' n$ i5 y. Q 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
9 C: H9 O8 p" D' C" E3 }6 S8 |3 R# @5 T. E2 ]8 C# J0 ?
* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 2 G: Q) x9 [/ N7 @+ s9 u$ H0 R
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
, J$ s: v& w+ S Y; R7 W% N2 ^; U W5 e: C9 q
* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
1 R7 n* t! C; o& {8 r" | 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
. `/ f! O* S9 F/ E4 J3 k6 s- K# ` @/ C# C5 W: ^' F- |* q) c# S- U
不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
6 t; ~2 g P: X+ q6 m0 M# A * The boy needs to pee. - u7 c% W$ g- C" M
+ R$ o& U% ~- p
然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: + Q! z4 b; ]/ u
* Do I need a urine test? + F! c( ~9 d( y
$ |/ _4 b1 m7 ~( b0 x 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: / ? C6 N6 M' ^3 Y. t7 D T2 o3 k
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
3 S6 X- k" R r1 j6 E0 a * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) / n8 B: R0 w; n6 @% b
6 C7 L0 n4 l5 P9 f/ U {% Z* M$ Z 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: # X. l6 P; L! [, z0 L; v, A& V1 p
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 0 l ~; m2 E2 F6 `7 V
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ( S4 F6 ~: e$ I7 Z9 Q
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
- E2 ?2 v8 b T9 F/ U: | * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) " y+ U7 r1 R% I s C' T3 A! s
) Z# R1 w; l c1 ~9 x- E1 g% G( T
三、解大便
: M8 g. t; O: V6 y# h5 H 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
6 Y5 [7 B1 c1 U to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) + _- i2 Q) S7 l% q2 ?( X; r8 L; O
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
( _1 d9 a+ t, l$ d * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
; s4 q" T) X3 @2 S) n) S
3 U! U: n6 B) D) X- x 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 3 x4 b. o6 A3 h7 ]& e8 b
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
& N$ o, O& W' L) W# c( r8 ~+ `3 Q/ ~# v. ?- [# E) C9 Q
但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: / [& F# ?; E9 ^* l
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) # W0 _; l% I6 ?( X5 o L! y
( t8 k( r, p7 ?1 u
四、放屁
" G6 Y9 q; D) p* C f: [ 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
3 o9 H& H: @. |# ^8 [) c- ]4 \ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
C; t9 K- Y/ D+ n 你放屁的次数很多吗? ' \, t& c) M. b
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
; m! v2 i2 F; z7 t( |0 @6 P8 G: K) S 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 0 L! ~6 z" R1 j' a* M1 r) g
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
# h; g s3 a0 D, q: J! H( d8 Q 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 0 M0 ?, V( s+ N- E4 S
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
( \1 l: }8 W. N7 Z% f: C9 m3 U3 H 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 0 [ v, A0 V/ Z+ g+ ^* l5 m0 F+ N
* Be careful not to fart in the public. + N8 z9 c% Q. q2 c# p$ M
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 - {) n$ U- O' l% P/ I9 s
% Q- p' ^" P" W' Z1 c$ R# I; T( P
至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 9 g, g8 A7 f _
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
7 E! D' U" ~/ L* r" e = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. - W- Y% x0 \% \' O' f+ P0 P* W) D
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) % H1 F5 i0 \" [( f! K
5 p, Z& f0 M2 L
* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. , z5 F! Q$ Y5 w4 K3 B9 M- k: S3 d
胃不舒服有两星期了。) + A4 R( `+ F8 u
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 1 p O- f: g+ K+ m+ e6 ~
他经常便秘。) 或 ! G2 b0 N0 J( n
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
# n" |5 u: |/ g( \- r5 D * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 5 e* ?+ s$ G5 @* F& {8 y! C) J
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 8 l. h' V" B8 r0 R9 f. w
( |9 l+ I' m. _* @6 z/ ]1 e, X% D
* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
- g) f, [" U; E( K. I" Y) t8 \ 他拉了一阵肚子。
. t& X! \1 N$ O" |5 p/ b * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
' p( O/ i% O/ d( ^% Q8 i 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
|