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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 , t: i8 g5 i2 K4 A5 G/ L* J* w- @% p
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 " \' g% T0 N! Q- {5 ^) O+ f
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二、解小便 - I/ c: Y* L& N' ^8 m8 N
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 4 V. g- T5 X, e3 W! `
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: : m! V/ T3 e+ P+ K& B' A5 U
Do you have trouble urinating?
+ O+ F0 ^2 \) X =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
5 f! m% ~% c1 _) w to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 1 ~5 n2 w9 Y: Q6 \( M
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. - Y# J2 T& Q- X/ j6 m/ u
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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. j- q4 `2 a( K, N 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
- M8 i/ H$ T( N1 {! B1 G! r * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 3 l' w- [+ i/ n) J1 g
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 2 L0 B+ C* H, x9 ?$ X& q0 C# P; y
5 ^0 w3 J4 P% D* |! m8 R * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
! E s; P0 ?8 g7 a7 A) f i 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 5 H* b6 B8 Q! p, I. D2 Y
; F2 e- F, O. O6 p' e1 k d * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
/ X c- P. J# L; q0 h5 ~ 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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7 d" {8 I9 P5 ~2 s 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ! C0 o. M! b: Y! D$ y
* The boy needs to pee. , q6 U) d( w! y8 e! e- {6 I
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: + E4 N1 P8 |- p6 \
* Do I need a urine test? 5 ^$ h$ {& q _# t$ }# t( x
7 T( U& o0 G0 }. C% S. [- `* ] 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
4 K3 U. b9 q. o" g6 q * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
( ~: O* X) P. |+ X* }- ?2 ]2 ~ * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ! D# I m/ P0 h4 x
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ; x' r0 b* k# ?6 z% Z I# F
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
6 k6 `8 x8 q5 |! t' R * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) ! }/ ], B3 J6 B; \
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
5 @4 F+ h( [7 \: R, Q: M$ i 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
O) s) j0 n% ^ to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
) j4 Z7 O5 c1 c+ e =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ( w1 {4 L7 R. x) J! Z
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) & p* {9 x+ b/ v" }! G3 u; M! K
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
7 C: w; G( o( N4 C * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 2 V# c# a( ?2 m$ l
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
5 I* t5 D1 ^1 a4 P# ^" g' n' J7 [ * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 8 v! ?' X9 I! _: p7 U I
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四、放屁 5 y7 A2 X; H3 r" z
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
c+ j: M2 _" R& | How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
0 o( E) s) C* J& k2 a' r 你放屁的次数很多吗? 9 C4 M" E& A% Q: `
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
' v1 U8 E# u9 e- N: K0 h 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) , v# I- q s% i4 ?5 \5 D
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
* N) b1 V+ b/ s/ H# ]" C 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 , E# ^* E& x; q' a5 p$ }- I
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
+ s# Y! U. h3 |% |! F' b( B 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
# b$ o* M. y: \7 c4 F# J+ j/ _& S * Be careful not to fart in the public.
& z3 z5 m6 I( s5 k 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 1 [! ?/ f8 \& r. r5 W4 ]4 g( R
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ; |' r8 @2 Z% y0 g* d7 G) P
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
0 A4 H+ J: v3 t5 H" q' ? = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 1 L. R$ A" [& v4 C. W
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 8 \& ~" j1 k& `! p
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
& f( V& ~4 V4 c* _+ P1 K T2 R: R 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
8 j; n( y2 f* y8 `) n- T * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
! P' B: o% _( U7 T) x6 l 他经常便秘。) 或 0 N- X; ]( @5 C2 s
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
1 \" l7 c- C. O! ]# s0 | * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
) W& ]3 \) ?8 G4 { * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
0 |3 O% r5 ~1 a( ? 他拉了一阵肚子。
5 q9 |. A% G" F * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
4 E5 r0 b. a6 l# s n9 ]+ a 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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