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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 0 ^* U4 g3 e0 I% s, a
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 & g; B# e7 c4 S6 o1 J+ ?! X9 ^
, F5 z" a I! S 二、解小便 $ `9 \, b" ~( j; |# Q
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
8 a; O$ f: u- E: N5 @- y Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
6 `/ P& t0 D* R, z4 l Do you have trouble urinating? 3 q- w9 d- U; W! k
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) % {9 [5 V4 _) {; I
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此外,还有其他的说法:
0 S. \9 E* _0 @" { to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
_1 O) v }% p- y2 z [3 H. o * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
5 A/ L8 v' t4 ^7 O* r * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) % u. u$ {; b, {* J2 \* ]1 ]2 X5 E6 d
8 [4 j( i" w3 W* I. c2 M3 K0 h; L 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
8 b9 |, l: N: p/ L * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
( d% Z# o7 h( K, G! J0 n* p! s1 v 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. \/ ^: [* c+ s" g+ j# K) y( M
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
2 I) P2 i. x' @8 m' V 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
S5 W& ^! c6 I5 o7 N- Z. m) b * The boy needs to pee. : M6 |/ R. S+ q5 v5 g' v; k. O
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
O% `8 l; s4 } * Do I need a urine test? % _6 w6 n' ~8 | [6 v8 k6 Q& S
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 8 ?! Y. o$ v7 `6 X: U5 t
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. , |# r9 `# R0 e: l0 `
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
( a: I3 I* s Y: F * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) : W: H4 s& q, [- D6 i- u. m
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
: o+ A }( h, I" r$ s& O J5 A * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 8 ^! f) k3 |& F
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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: e# l) H5 U" u, j& h1 q; J 三、解大便
! ?: J5 H* F" o: G/ t& \) E+ x 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: . A+ J9 N( F0 K
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 5 S# b) W1 m9 Z |. S) y$ ^
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
6 e$ E+ O% G7 I * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
) ^8 A: }2 B# I# A# ~ ? * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) & { v1 P; q% s3 x/ U
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
4 |4 F/ F3 f: H L: o2 z * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 6 L5 ^/ ^2 i8 h; w5 J% i; m7 X
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: : Q% p. e$ w# v5 v9 `+ a
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? " l' }5 Z$ w3 u+ E; ^3 w/ g/ I1 V
你放屁的次数很多吗?
" S/ Y! }# a) u5 G$ K0 u$ V * Is the gas expelled by belching? 3 M; P6 |/ z0 d7 F
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
1 u- P. `% L9 K2 B/ y$ b8 p * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
% ?6 A/ `; X0 U( k* T0 a" K4 m 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 ! y9 c! m w6 e g2 l
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
1 F7 u8 l, P6 e6 E0 o) h 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
0 {; r7 S$ y. e * Be careful not to fart in the public.
1 E, z+ ]8 ^2 Z, K 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 . a3 a( V! o9 }1 v3 j! A8 G
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: & }3 Z1 H9 C8 n$ F2 v& U" Y+ D# d
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
/ P& _8 k5 r1 T% S = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. . S8 q1 ~* d M/ A! S, P
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
1 Z6 k5 F. S( }+ q7 w& z 胃不舒服有两星期了。) * P( i. {. c" Q7 I5 Q% K; p; V
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 3 J+ h, P4 x: i. r
他经常便秘。) 或 0 u H* Y1 I% l5 H7 n9 _
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
4 p8 `8 e5 l; ^" b) V1 D" a; Q& v * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
+ [$ o: N, S# L& i7 G! W+ L * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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/ z3 k2 ` I( g- s& U * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
4 K) v5 U+ u6 G. V' \: Q 他拉了一阵肚子。
3 Q! u$ n0 p. v+ H% [3 L* V+ i' t: P+ | * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ! d ?% X# A9 L2 ^& {, G
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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