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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?/ r9 g' y' f% Q# N6 p( ]( e- F
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.5 o8 Y+ p! ^/ A7 X/ a7 F5 `
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
! d% ?! g7 Z0 h7 D% Q' r( E& UThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.5 Z) B( N6 U) F6 N* E
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
% W: O$ {- |* l) M/ Q4 yThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.6 R; o6 b! N# J& N# V% R$ C( e8 W
The country codes used are :
2 ]; c O% Q; f( ]( O$ I/ A
' U7 n' Z l- eCODE \COUNTRY; E: M: Z5 U5 c5 [5 |! }5 Q7 l9 |$ C& ~
00-13 USA & Canada
2 J5 L F4 U: p4 I$ J1 K8 c20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
3 I$ m/ u. A/ w3 }30-37 France, r! R0 C" Y! R7 K
380 Bulgaria
; P A6 O& W- W8 m5 ^383 Slovenia1 e# _5 s: E- l- t# m7 Y
385 Croatia4 }5 k+ @0 N G/ E
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
; K& U8 O/ t' u, P1 Y4 _400-440 Germany
1 W- F8 k- F# P+ Z45 Japan* B# l4 {0 K+ b% v: m" q# w
46 Russian Federation) g# F% E5 j7 x6 d$ h% x5 f( C
471 Taiwan% R" ~+ z% P7 b- C: @9 L3 h% L( i3 |. ^
474 Estonia* E2 \, ~; p( P2 u5 {( `+ U
475 Latvia
1 ]4 j/ `& C4 m476 Azerbaijan. f0 j* r) W0 V" \6 X
477 Lithuania# m! @' z0 H8 [6 I
478 Uzbekistan$ m7 A& _% w1 V. a! o
479 Sri Lanka
9 i7 |5 d. e& @) A480 Philippines7 }. N. b( | r* r
481 Belarus
; O: t1 X5 [9 t% x4 Q% \482 Ukraine' r, U7 t, ^8 W$ X0 d) N/ O
484 Moldova1 _1 }$ C& }: ~1 X
485 Armenia
, I; }3 e; G% v6 I$ [+ f486 Georgia+ H0 A; N6 q$ o0 L7 U% y6 `
487 Kazakhstan
/ X! u& i! } a% n( Q489 Hong Kong
. Q. J/ F0 R6 v0 i. o49 Japan" o- z( ?% N' h% ]0 o+ Q4 z
50 UK
/ t$ u6 Q* d& E" G2 X c520 Greece& _" I/ F3 T: \7 p
528 Lebanon1 P( S/ Q2 y/ B; B. A3 ]8 E
529 Cyprus! y* c# I. W& }! T7 w: }
531 Macedonia$ f! ?, b' w6 ^/ a' Y0 A, L9 T4 s
535 Malta
* P* C' n {: U9 P539 Ireland
. U- [: G4 }2 n! v; U# P54 Belgium & Luxembourg) C0 F6 B% Y/ G) J. h S
560 Portugal
1 Z% Z( P5 A' A# D: X, C569 Iceland6 c1 w( h7 w& z) w- r! {+ V
57 Denmark+ e6 D5 c8 J- m- {
590 Poland
- a0 K5 o5 S( m, E& x594 Romania6 h0 C5 M( B# O3 b) S
599 Hungary& K7 h2 ^- y: ~1 C) D& C z
600-601 South Africa1 T; {) i) w8 u6 P2 f. G
609 Mauritius
3 m; e9 {/ k1 ]. P- U3 K611 Morocco
. G& f* N; k( `% T8 Q613 Algeria% {) Q! f/ q' U, ]
619 Tunisia% M* ]5 ^5 e/ e# D: s, z
621 Syria
* d' @- g6 J( ~9 M* Z& i622 Egypt$ S) i" a: C$ }5 }: D; o
624 Libya+ K- ]: M5 Z6 Z8 i7 v9 q1 m# `3 u
625 Jordan& d( c* B. E7 M
626 Iran
! T4 Y$ ?1 @& U1 ]1 ]! W' [+ [. Q627 Kuwait
7 d4 \! f2 E! t# f. S3 V3 {628 Saudi Arabia) y9 X8 _7 f9 ]/ A+ H+ y$ |) p) N6 F
629 United Arab Emirates- [: [2 j8 K0 W7 [
64 Finland8 j* Z4 A) n( E+ C$ ^+ |
690-692 China* }" Z* V1 {9 H* o4 a- |7 T7 L
70 Norway
, y8 e& i8 [1 P$ \8 |; Z' x; Z729 Israel- j% \" h$ v5 F4 [5 U3 R
73 Sweden
) X( v2 P4 T9 e" l2 P) M( b0 q740 Guatemala
. E9 a7 K& M* [# Y) l741 El Salvador" S2 d5 J6 Q6 c' ^
742 Honduras$ e2 z* z0 l5 g$ ?0 B
743 Nicaragua
2 j. s: Y& E% L& U( m744 Costa Rica/ x) p; _" {( j) S4 Y
745 Panama3 B9 g0 E1 e6 t( ]# L8 f- H9 b
746 Dominican Republic3 s- `' I* V. N3 G( y% k) B
750 Mexico
C* y, J& Q1 [7 Y759 Venezuela
, j/ Z' @7 F$ N7 V0 o76 Switzerland
% V3 M! r( T- k1 E! j, ~770 Colombia, j3 J3 @/ S% v3 E) k" F- M B+ H
773 Uruguay( c$ c! \' c) n! D- ^
775 Peru
- Y, {3 U+ z; [: x: B- k777 Bolivia
J7 \6 x# V3 |2 S* ]& m779 Argentina/ g: G6 b+ u/ Z. g# k5 f. j1 W) O
780 Chile
& }* d/ ?; C. z' K! G784 Paraguay
( _$ n" c8 u ^8 [* Q, A. o& d785 Peru) J8 L9 f, y/ b, _
786 Ecuador6 D9 m& e0 w3 m5 c7 x/ A/ h- t1 m
789 Brazil
* A2 P' h6 {2 l; w) N ^2 Y80-83 Italy
/ {* ^' h8 [; L# _# M, k! m9 R& @84 Spain
. g- j) ]* i% ^850 Cuba" _3 y6 k9 ^% ?4 i8 O1 D$ d
858 Slovakia
+ B2 m0 S5 z8 h# A9 g859 Czech Republic O; R2 t; u. ~( V
860 Serbia & Montenegro( _, t( j0 G* j/ Z, S: Z3 l4 r
869 Turkey) x9 M( ?5 o0 |: i2 S6 G1 B' [
87 Netherlands- B6 W/ c& m. j& V
880 South Korea, h, h- t* V2 x1 c1 @. _
885 Thailand" r& C, n- k0 ?$ ]. s9 d
888 Singapore" z h* P7 K, V# o. [
890 India
' y: E' m! ]6 S) h& D" @$ t. q3 ` t893 Vietnam' |4 D2 [9 h$ u2 ? J( E4 @
899 Indonesia6 _+ y' }. O k
90 -91 Austria% }4 G+ k9 z; ?5 t; _/ l
93 Australia, T1 Q8 |* h. ?
94 New Zealand/ |, X8 B- J1 G) d& }# N
955 Malaysia, R& O) f8 [, S) s
958 Macau
! l+ i% w v7 k2 u7 T, K# @9 V% B977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)! z& g% ?. I* t' t& }# [, u) \( A
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
5 \6 S3 h. E, B0 |* d6 b979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number). z3 ?$ m* B5 q0 R- I/ G
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm% _% g8 z& x9 ]5 B# T
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