 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Canada's housing market both vigorous and stable
1 z: o" r9 G- B2 O2 s) h5 P5 K+ R
- Country's market poised to show growth throughout 2006 -
& p3 I. R5 Z+ r; j0 q9 y
/ f2 ^5 ]9 Q5 G: _) E TORONTO, Sept. 28 /CNW/ - For most of Canada, the housing market
7 u, C0 q2 r3 a) e$ _' nexhibited moderate price increases and stable unit sales during the third
. T8 `! {" B. f3 H% @8 B- Tquarter. Wide regional variances continued to be the dominant characteristic
# V# B( Y" k) M9 S) hin the market, exemplified by frenzied levels of activity and double digit( G/ _: c' \+ N# l8 y! s( r
price gains observed in the energy and commodity rich Western provinces, and
! P, s* }/ o! @- J! kmore reasonable sales volumes and moderate price appreciation in Ontario,
; \/ k, ?( c$ P: X7 B% v" U7 iQuebec and Atlantic Canada, according to a report released today by Royal
' c5 G& l8 q8 j1 m& ^2 uLePage Real Estate Services.$ c' r- h2 {. o6 S
' S; b+ g' H V r/ \2 X' { Nationally, market trends established through the first three quarters2 p( Q* \, C" a+ ~7 i, m) F
are forecast to continue for the remainder of the year. Robust economic7 `0 U' f; L) o( V1 o- [
conditions, low unemployment rates, modestly growing salaries and wages, and
# v1 v$ ^. [+ B; D3 M; {+ Ssound consumer confidence contributed to the overall strength of the& \8 j4 P, Y- o2 J/ k; c( D/ ]2 b
residential real estate sector.( i- p/ {& b" o d8 ^
: h1 k$ @$ o2 {9 {
Of the housing types surveyed, the highest average price appreciation
8 @7 a$ U l- s' A7 _occurred in detached bungalows, which rose to $300,365 (+16.3%)
/ B* ~. c+ x* E; l$ U# _# }$ Dyear-over-year, followed by standard condominiums, which rose to $211,562
* i. J5 V( ]$ {# K; O: H(+14.2%), and standard two-storey properties, which increased to $365,380
- @8 V$ `1 Y- T$ g(+13.2%).8 _: g$ t1 {% `$ \% |
" V9 P) k1 |1 ?. v1 y9 u0 X "Canada's sturdy housing market continued to demonstrate steady growth4 j# q; E( ~# W8 n5 n
during the third quarter. For all but the west, we have moved on from the
# P7 e4 F/ r7 G) Ifrenzied expansion that characterized the first half of this decade, and are
$ \0 R8 j) O- ^/ A& X) w( \9 W0 Fpoised to show continued growth at a more moderate pace," said Phil Soper,) Y) ]9 {. z0 Y T3 c2 Z4 w
president and chief executive officer, Royal LePage Real Estate Services.- j, {( s! J+ C3 Z% S
"Gone is the sellers' market that we have lived with for some years. We1 h3 O* T f* E: s0 ~
welcome the more reliable conditions that are characteristic of a healthy
5 o; a1 I; \2 a- hbalanced market."5 L) g! |3 m, x$ ~2 F. v
2 H, e+ P& ~" ]7 c: q( [ Despite the double-digit rise in average national house prices,
' x/ S3 c/ w9 r, |considerable regional variances were exhibited again this quarter. The shift
: C" {. z+ B7 b' wto balanced market conditions, which began in late 2005, has continued& C& \, k, ]/ H# B7 @
throughout most of the Central and Eastern regions of the country. In the core
; m; m, u- {2 o6 G) M s# v9 ^energy producing western provinces, the combination of very high in-migration,7 v/ e( x- c4 e' S/ C% a( v
manageable affordability, and a shortage of inventory has driven record: N y5 S n2 m2 R
breaking price appreciations.
1 @5 \- U' a. W5 w' a$ ~# i4 r7 o# O. R. Y- A8 c9 X5 B
Echoing the second quarter and supported by Alberta's rapidly expanding
' y3 `. e Z t' ~( `economy, Calgary and Edmonton led the charge of Canadian cities with the- F2 F( J. R8 T8 G
largest house price appreciation in all housing types surveyed.
3 Y- m0 T7 g. k' @( h: N" p1 U0 u; F/ i1 D: V6 J
In Ottawa and Toronto, growth remained steady, supported by solid* l x: m; l" I/ H' d, n3 i
economic fundamentals, an increase in available inventory and strong consumer
. p5 b* U p% {6 z( K$ M9 e& lconfidence. While the pace of price appreciation in Ontario leveled off
y! h/ Q! n. \2 Tslightly, the province's real estate market remains poised for modest growth.
$ v/ ]. }) i$ V8 fIn Atlantic Canada, new housing and condominium construction offered buyers
$ k& F6 \6 \1 ?, @) }! Bgreater selection at more competitive prices, resulting in a slower rate of
. \; {" d! t- W" W* hprice appreciation when compared with 2005.4 E/ r) s# h* j( w
: r) P8 O8 m8 y6 | While the pace of growth in Canada has slowed, the domestic housing
; \4 E! g$ Z% c- o6 ~/ u* b% smarket is expected to outperform the American market. The economic and
1 A1 Y# M$ ? k: @: B/ nfinancial fundamentals driving the residential real estate sector in Canada
g6 r) j. P; w; A0 A) bare markedly different than those found in the United States.% h; j7 f0 i+ e' G6 R
. G: C& v) z9 E0 K
Added Soper: "Canada's housing market is likely to outperform the! e8 e3 H7 [: o0 ^
American market through 2007. A number of factors are working in Canada's% M* g; N! X2 N8 u- \, r
favour, including healthy personal and governmental debt levels, the
/ }- f' x2 o- N3 f# t0 j% Grelatively modest rise in interest rates in our country, and general3 V7 y% S* e2 ^8 S! S' T1 G- |! B) d; l
affordability in our major cities. In addition, Americans are now seeing the
4 w; M1 F9 B! P& }9 ndownside of a tax system that encourages maximum homeowner leverage, and) ?, _+ Y$ ?0 g% e0 {2 _0 q5 R. ]# ~
aggressive financial products such as zero- and negative-amortization6 r" J) n! P/ ], y# T
mortgages that work only in a high price growth environment."
% R" T- W- }9 @; V4 x
8 o) O+ c7 e' G& ~. J7 {% o6 F1 c <<
# V* @ v# I4 \) m: a REGIONAL SUMMARIES5 N0 v. c, T! y
>>
, `7 e. X/ L7 R8 [5 J$ m4 z; \$ n' C7 m8 v
Balanced conditions continued to characterize the housing market in; D! V2 I* \& n" h2 c
Halifax, as significantly higher inventory levels helped to moderate the rate0 T' z5 [; R; }1 P6 @7 O2 V! y
of price appreciation. Buyers were increasingly choosy, taking more time
3 Q$ o* ]7 l7 W8 X3 _( ^* Q: {looking for newer, low-maintenance properties that were not in need of$ k& [* ]1 V/ s9 ^) h; N/ g7 p
renovations.( W8 J6 l. V$ g7 i8 [
5 H/ O/ z) ^! R% t0 `* R! u
The housing market in Moncton remained healthy and strong as a slight
6 u3 E( G- e M3 F2 a/ Gincrease in inventory helped to moderate the rate of price appreciation
) Q5 r/ r7 s% a2 A) |: T8 C( J9 Tcompared to the same period in 2005. Activity was brisk throughout August and# ` K2 t! V1 S3 }3 {- L2 U% r
September and is expected to remain this way through the fourth quarter.
, u( F( b) y4 w9 n/ k6 d
9 N, @" l% x# }7 R The housing market in Saint John underwent its traditional summer+ r9 _( B; V( z- K% I% C6 H" \1 H
slowdown in the third quarter, with activity picking up towards the end of the" N( ?* h. T( d, V1 m" ^. x+ p
quarter. The local economy continued to thrive, as construction on a new
% J6 l w0 X- S$ D' r' H% i600,000 square-foot shopping area has begun, bringing several new box stores
! x5 m5 q( F4 D% E Nto the area. Buyers have begun seeking less expensive fixtures for their homes4 O2 \+ ?# C. a3 Z0 }, F8 g% @
and are instead opting for more affordable housing options.
5 L0 }0 x3 I* a8 F2 U. y4 D( G; N7 J# _- d1 a0 y* |
In Charlottetown, the housing market started to move towards balanced" I+ h- n& y" r3 _) h$ F
conditions, as some sellers had to begin to lower the asking prices on their' _* x! R4 Y/ o. U4 q# X1 v
homes to make them more competitive. Activity from out-of-town and US buyers
! j% L1 \. a& }3 Zwas down slightly compared to 2005, likely attributable to the strong Canadian7 @% F- ^$ ?" p2 m0 U7 v
dollar. Inventory levels began to creep up in the third quarter, providing8 v/ V, N, {2 O2 d2 k
buyers with more options when looking for a home.
- l. l" i5 f' z3 J$ P* F# h
d" z: m* |9 v3 r Activity in St. John's slowed slightly in the third quarter, particularly+ X T2 m2 g5 t
among higher-priced properties, where there was a slight over-supply of homes3 M! p% F) |# j3 e: v9 m
priced over $200,000. Listing periods have increased when compared with 2005,
) }- P- G/ q9 w* E- Uas some of the pent-up demand that had characterized the market over the last
$ p4 S: S/ h' l4 Cfew years has been satisfied, resulting in more normal, balanced conditions.
) F0 N2 S2 T8 [! M. f8 [ w4 s9 C
$ a+ O* D! P0 p. C5 d Montreal's housing market recorded modest increases in average house; o! E3 X4 h5 q: a" j- O2 f# H
prices, due to a slight seasonal slowdown in the third quarter as inventory
0 h. F) r4 j/ x f: F& Vlevels rose. Part of this can be attributed to the fact that many renting
) `+ W ^( [1 J4 `+ v; X) ]7 ^first-time buyers were motivated to close on the purchase of a home by July 1,
$ d% I" Z2 H7 _9 |when rental leases expire in Quebec. Once this date has passed some of the
; W) P7 ^) b: X0 I# ]1 F+ v7 o. gpressure is taken off the market, allowing buyers to visit more homes before
% ?( T2 E6 U( @4 I7 @, k# J; W. v3 Xmaking a purchase.
8 a* Q: K0 p" y$ c* ?6 ~, Z" c7 q& e- J
Ottawa held its position as one of the country's most stable housing
$ t! {0 i4 i! P8 y& P7 qmarkets in the third quarter, reinforced by a vibrant local economy and strong
4 S! @1 D( ?) n0 p2 u c \confidence, resulting in modest increases in average house prices. The city
8 o( b- a5 N5 {3 [# xcentre remained a bright spot in Ottawa, with homes in this area attracting
' S3 o3 N1 Z8 @/ \$ l/ pattention due to their convenient location and proximity to downtown
& x1 n2 L/ f; y( [6 f. lamenities.2 l) t. W; n$ W0 I- {, j3 l
b& M( I' q/ \" z/ _7 v
The housing market in Toronto sustained healthy activity levels
2 N/ v/ F- V' c: D' A h, u4 Ethroughout the third quarter, as a strong economy helped to maintain demand
; P5 j2 V4 J: d! z8 U4 Oacross the city, causing average house prices to rise moderately. Toronto has
) F4 }% k) S' w& h1 Lcontinued to experience modest growth in average house prices, and has been
6 `- W( D, y, B1 Pdriven primarily by purchasers who are buying homes as their principle
Q0 i& t9 F; y( f. V4 k% F% Presidence, rather than for investment.
, M8 n C- v9 {! I$ K7 N
+ U* a8 o e( l; c% B& f The vibrant Winnipeg housing market continued to show its strength as
9 G4 X) @) N E# y, qhouse prices rose during the third quarter. The booming local economy resulted8 v, a$ g8 e4 s+ I
in a historically low unemployment rate, helping to bolster consumer
/ s* x4 ~; h- Y' ^$ U( X2 g' }confidence and Winnipeg's ranking as the city with the lowest capitalization& P3 U: @3 Y0 g; \$ A
rate among the country's larger cities - helped to encourage buyers to enter) A0 u( ], p+ l" w4 L
the market.1 P" P5 M8 o# O, v
% i$ \& W j4 Z# l/ G5 L
In Regina, the market experienced a slight seasonal slowdown through
% @$ d2 K" e9 B! RJuly, as there were fewer purchasers in the market due to summer vacations. In
! o8 D: A _0 @: P& pAugust, activity resumed to the busy pace previously seen in the spring [9 Q# P E: |: s7 F$ Z! J
months, as the influx of purchasers made it more difficult to find a home due
+ v$ ?' {. C2 C) o+ pto the shortage of available inventory.
( J; W# V9 c) K9 O0 m* |! k2 A* S
Activity in Saskatoon remained brisk as the market maintained its$ S7 \" m) Y8 [* t; I" j
momentum from the busy spring sales period. The economy in Saskatoon remains
X5 T7 \: h3 {& }vibrant, as employment opportunities are abundant with many businesses
5 ^6 @+ E* k& J& Sstruggling to make hires and having to recruit outside the province.$ t1 S% k5 s" B+ S
8 n8 D$ g8 _/ j4 H. y* J
Calgary's housing market recorded blazing average house price increases
7 X6 Y' J, e! v: @" sin the third quarter, in all surveyed categories. The burgeoning economy, low, \/ q0 m. M3 j
unemployment rates and low inventory levels remained the leading factors that
# L9 D& T |" \; jpressured Calgary's house prices upwards. However, regardless of the soaring- G: P+ h; O# P0 f. a5 b
prices that characterized the market - even during the typically slower summer
5 m6 J- K4 ]) p5 D- @season - it is expected that activity will become slightly more balanced, as9 ~6 \9 {9 R- \5 J
buyers are becoming more reluctant to participate in the frenetic activity.
8 P, }6 L2 G' w* \) S: N, X
: l: H0 ~+ X1 ^1 t1 L Edmonton's booming local economy continued to thrive in the third quarter& }' j0 Y2 Y; _7 d6 X: U/ z
as activity in the oil sands north of the city continued to flourish. Edmonton5 }! {* T/ M) g: C: |( X
remained the hub of activity for those coming to work in the oil industry,
% s/ ?. _6 B4 ~3 x# i6 I0 D* X Lmaintaining tight inventory levels across the city, resulting in prices
& ?9 l$ ~- ^' }; n L4 r9 \# w" y. }increasing at record levels. However, as inventory levels continued to improve
" v, x6 |5 T1 @/ e) K! nin the third quarter the rate of price appreciation should moderate slightly
/ s) y1 p4 S6 }towards the end of 2006.
' ^4 S; v# C4 p; E8 l# u
/ F, a$ b a9 U+ Z/ Z0 Y2 mWhile Vancouver has seen a slight reprieve from the severe shortage of' |9 Z7 _# [% @
inventory that had previously characterized the market, supply is still unable
# F% ^4 `+ P. u: u9 `/ K& Mto meet demand, driving house prices upwards. Vancouver has a very diverse! m. S* A9 H; m9 F
group of active buyers - from first-time home buyers to baby-boomers to
/ s5 b7 o; b+ m* @foreign investors - all of whom fuel the demand for houses, placing added [. Y3 J: \. p) Z
pressure on tight inventory levels.
0 @3 W! O. Q0 K. k8 x: e: \# k: w
Victoria's market is vibrant and supported by strong economic
% q& ^/ J% u, W; P/ m) Afundamentals, fuelled by a booming tech sector and a migration of young people! \* A( T v$ Y) f
into the city that has continued to support the area's house price increases;. Q; V, {; Q$ U: h2 I/ a# a# P
while increased inventory levels have afforded buyers more time when searching
' @- Q2 q) R6 `+ Y! J) {for a home, helping to normalize the market's pace.' n \8 C& L: ]1 i; h0 ]3 y, F
2 H ?* l) G' U; F' P! m; t
<<2 Z, [3 S$ j1 Y, z6 X2 ^7 k
Survey of Canadian Average House Prices in the Third Quarter 2006
! i# A( {7 l' J7 f- |& x4 H
5 D+ s4 H7 y8 Q' o9 ~) Q -------------------------------------------------------------------------5 b! M8 e9 C+ z/ z* Y6 c# K
Detached Bungalows Standard Two Storey d2 }$ q6 V( l. G
-------------------------------------------------------------------------5 |$ P0 V0 ^ F# z9 y5 z
2006 Q3 2005 Q3 Bungalow 2006 Q3 2005 Q3, y6 E* O9 ^% Y! b( g6 L& t8 J
Market Average Average % Change Average Average& f# v2 P( \7 l
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
9 `3 L; M7 ]# f7 A* @' L8 x Halifax 186,333 173,333 7.5% 198,667 199,000
" y6 O3 U9 X, {- @/ T, {! m -------------------------------------------------------------------------
: E. D4 \7 s* y8 @3 W6 R Charlottetown 145,000 141,000 2.8% 175,000 170,000* y4 T" ` u5 k3 F
-------------------------------------------------------------------------, J: x% z* g# u; D h
Moncton 135,000 127,000 6.3% 129,000 123,000
% ^/ H. w% ~ G! _. a -------------------------------------------------------------------------: C- ^, x; B) E# t6 G
Saint John 141,200 142,900 -1.2% - -( _, y/ J# Y: o8 \3 a' U% {
-------------------------------------------------------------------------& f7 b$ s1 T7 `6 N/ X V& @$ n
St. John's 143,667 142,667 0.7% 200,667 202,333
3 m6 m3 n7 M" w3 i -------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 r0 A. m& M0 d$ f) H- n Atlantic 150,240 145,380 3.3% 175,833 173,583
6 t4 e1 H" Z# @' ?0 K$ C8 ]! e6 Z7 m -------------------------------------------------------------------------6 k! ]# `" q, H6 |3 S
Montreal 213,691 203,500 5.0% 321,141 316,185, }) t' h V6 P: j5 T: H
-------------------------------------------------------------------------6 S4 r) X( z: P3 c+ Z+ D
Ottawa 290,083 278,417 4.2% 285,667 273,250
/ V. R4 O+ q9 c& f -------------------------------------------------------------------------
. U' n0 L5 d" S( y Toronto 373,368 355,882 4.9% 481,523 474,766$ K% r% j3 x4 ^' j- c% \$ \
-------------------------------------------------------------------------# ^# a2 K* M& j0 o2 m
Winnipeg 181,579 159,860 13.6% 202,337 180,707
# J4 a9 o3 J, D7 ? -------------------------------------------------------------------------. ?! X9 S- {8 }8 c2 m
Saskatchewan 170,667 156,083 9.3% 182,600 166,500
- O; H$ ^3 m8 l -------------------------------------------------------------------------: e0 [8 ~2 |+ l( M+ L5 b! o
Calgary 395,067 252,411 56.5% 405,778 264,389$ s% @3 q( D5 q! `/ x3 ], O0 Z, \
-------------------------------------------------------------------------% {9 E& L5 P% j% I$ ?
Edmonton 286,857 194,857 47.2% 316,429 206,714 m+ t' o- `6 i) b" {
-------------------------------------------------------------------------0 `( f5 N0 {8 t, A
Vancouver 704,250 601,000 17.2% 794,000 697,500
, P; O; y: B* c% D2 X# R% ] -------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 ^3 e$ {4 y: N, \4 J Victoria 375,000 348,000 7.8% 403,000 391,000
; E% l5 a. Z/ H) f; \8 x -------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 r+ L4 o; w2 t( J1 @: \* ^# K" I National 300,365 258,202 16.3% 365,380 322,860! H* W; u: k9 G1 K2 q
-------------------------------------------------------------------------8 b; ^6 z6 D% k( [
: f' h( u1 n# }% G -------------------------------------------------------------. J/ P: \6 [2 ]/ k
Standard Condominium/ N b- Q3 y5 M% z8 G( X2 `' R3 f h
-------------------------------------------------------------
6 v( }$ W$ D2 X1 e& Y 2-Storey 2006 Q3 2005 Q3 Condo
- {: @( ~) y; p$ D( r Market % Change Average Average % Change2 m8 c3 ?- R) T: L
-------------------------------------------------------------! n5 f% q7 l3 N# g3 M
Halifax -0.2% 142,000 103,000 37.9%& q4 ?0 a; X5 p. Y. X. I9 w% {4 u
-------------------------------------------------------------% F9 x; |0 Y8 i
Charlottetown 2.9% 98,000 98,000 0.0%
/ X: b$ A' G e' W2 Q -------------------------------------------------------------
& ^3 l& e) N; u! p0 q4 v# @9 L Moncton 4.9% - - N/A
9 ?5 m& w+ I6 t m8 K R( X Z -------------------------------------------------------------
& U: N3 z& y: v" }' F9 | Saint John N/A - - N/A+ M3 p0 Q3 g& u9 g& p b$ k
-------------------------------------------------------------
( ^) K& L* H# C' L+ n4 v% S9 x" W St. John's -0.8% 146,333 145,667 0.5%
7 i" k8 k( V. A' x -------------------------------------------------------------: c. Y( K0 ~# l
Atlantic 1.3% 128,778 115,556 11.4%6 F6 n3 \2 n7 U2 ?& g, g
------------------------------------------------------------- a/ c4 X+ v# Z4 _! B$ h' t
Montreal 1.6% 193,190 188,016 2.8% `1 O+ Y. `- K, ?3 d. }5 A: C
-------------------------------------------------------------
: c& L# W8 ]: i1 K p7 z Ottawa 4.5% 181,083 172,250 5.1%
7 g( B4 L5 f# k/ ?8 z -------------------------------------------------------------" L4 k5 u1 n/ |% R4 C B
Toronto 1.4% 252,088 242,918 3.8%
. S8 F5 g; s4 Q -------------------------------------------------------------
" L! w; X( q8 _$ ^1 ]% {/ L0 X Winnipeg 12.0% 105,648 96,008 10.0%
2 U3 n E8 k/ i: L# r4 b -------------------------------------------------------------
, \7 Q, h4 T4 |: O6 `$ r# M1 \3 K Saskatchewan 9.7% 106,250 101,000 5.2%/ x$ U- r1 R% A' ]' o
-------------------------------------------------------------
. F6 W6 l% q# N; V5 a Calgary 53.5% 245,844 153,867 59.8%
7 ]- N0 H. S/ z1 P* q4 S -------------------------------------------------------------% s% f P) z+ v3 L9 Z2 p a
Edmonton 53.1% 200,433 131,500 52.4%2 V0 l$ B C9 V& Z) l/ [% t
-------------------------------------------------------------
/ Z4 H/ V+ V# C1 ~" P0 Q Vancouver 13.8% 366,250 323,250 13.3%1 k/ k* m8 m, b1 p
-------------------------------------------------------------
! R F. d5 ?3 X; R6 p Victoria 3.1% 229,000 220,000 4.1%1 u ?# d9 r9 L" z/ c
-------------------------------------------------------------7 T) Y, J% N- b+ ^% |, f3 r
National 13.2% 211,562 185,296 14.2%
9 A N9 c9 x) |; G -------------------------------------------------------------
6 Z# N5 ]+ ^* q1 @% H5 u! X >>
7 S' L& Q' y: D: S; L0 B, c2 q* M0 \8 B
V4 E5 a- N3 r: F Average house prices are based on an average of all sub-markets examined
8 L# a9 i5 t0 q- u. l0 r3 din the area, except for the smaller markets of Charlottetown, Moncton, Saint' A4 R( F; d, Y
John and Victoria.2 l$ J* a) p& \% g' \& i
/ U2 x( L* [# K' h The Royal LePage Survey of Canadian House Prices is the largest, most
; A+ o. ] J0 s# k7 L. W, H8 H! F0 }comprehensive study of its kind in Canada, with information on seven types of
+ M/ t% \: {, @& p2 a# rhousing in over 250 neighbourhoods from coast to coast. This release6 j$ t" C# w& k, l* M
references an abbreviated version of the survey, which highlights house price
/ W7 e4 ?: r N% k$ G6 B) Rtrends for the three most common types of housing in Canada in 80 communities
4 Q4 R, h, z6 L& \across the country. A complete database of past and present surveys is" G7 W. N/ g% g% w/ d ~
available on the Royal LePage Web site at www.royallepage.ca, and current4 S3 {6 I! H3 w
figures will be updated following the end of the third quarter. A printable' ?9 \6 }) b2 P- B: G+ H
version of the third quarter 2006 survey will be available online on
- E5 Z. _6 ]6 M3 |6 X+ }8 JNovember 15, 2006.9 V$ o5 q5 ~% n% }
Housing values in the Royal LePage Survey are Royal LePage opinions of- O4 N4 G2 D$ z% s8 R
fair market value in each location, based on local data and market knowledge
* q: O1 B# B6 `' I% P' `provided by Royal LePage residential real estate experts. Historical data is1 L; D. {, p' S; w0 D$ v/ [8 Z: k
available for some areas back to the early 1970s. |
|