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谈英语俚语8 t4 I$ v$ f1 z' G# M, d' F
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9 X% _; \5 v% L' P& A在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯8 E5 L6 [0 F7 b0 r4 _' H7 t( F8 R5 ]7 f
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
3 {- h6 x9 j" r若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!
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(1) empty suit:2 u9 L# S5 \& i) _( g
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。5 r% Z, I# G8 \2 m: p
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。): D+ f$ G- J+ W) X0 ]9 }/ y' `$ i# W
例如:
' ~8 z! H) @! g/ `7 x7 W9 GAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.1 o) g8 {5 s. `5 t
(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
6 x2 [- F# V& ]! S9 @" j ^Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.+ s. g1 w0 B6 b7 ]8 z
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)0 d3 b, `+ ?5 j$ C
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:! X: ~# B. e5 T# ?
The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.. m, \' y2 K- _. c1 O
(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
% b" ]2 j; @) y; [; V(2) fair-haired boy:
0 ~3 X# [! v4 E3 x+ P" p% a6 [' |( E指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
. `! b$ ?/ \/ [" D# G, |(通常用单数,当名词用)5 i+ s- E8 L# ?: v: Q
例如:0 d5 _6 ^& `- ]2 l" ~
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.8 f2 a6 v* @1 y. @% j3 C( @
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。). r. G3 I' e6 S9 x- Y
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
+ r: ?# O, z3 X4 X# W& j9 S# z O/ K(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)9 U S6 Q: N1 I
有时也可用复数:( Y- ~, |- V0 P7 c
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.
. E* u J0 X+ ?, X# `" P3 p1 e, q6 C(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
' [0 ]7 R, E! x; lFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.0 ~- ]7 b6 c5 `# Y
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
% c- n/ G) N( T% f(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)
+ {* X2 `/ i% k" M" x7 g(3) fishing expedition:
' r1 _, |% r, N7 b( }为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)6 r3 o% F2 f3 C" Z/ m: @
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)7 R' L) { \" @$ `6 x2 r
例如:
* P2 G8 L- f6 T, W6 q/ lThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
! G- c% p8 A9 R# A(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)7 z3 T1 L& |8 A
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.( O. C+ M$ ~1 S6 z0 ]+ d
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
4 P' ?; ^# X8 K5 [+ U(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)8 e5 _% b$ D$ _; A0 u- Z
The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
: b1 G+ U, m7 L2 Q(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
) _( {( X* \ C+ T偶尔也有人用复数:
0 P [8 E- O( oSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.: w7 T$ { J8 B b4 v$ j# c
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)
) \/ m' W& t H(4) filthy rich:# B+ O+ q" U8 h# b; u8 u% |+ }0 N
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy). F4 y. h2 ]8 H. L
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
3 y, J3 ^+ s4 f4 G1 q# U多半当形容词用。例如:2 g$ L) r9 o0 k1 O$ [- L, z* Q1 d. K
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.9 h: @5 ~( O) y: i: y2 U7 I- `
( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
9 `4 e2 _) }- j3 UDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.0 U+ M8 ~5 S" I3 z. D/ K
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)9 x) z* ]( i9 Y7 S4 u! W1 P. @
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
. Y R% s( ]4 J1 B(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
6 i- m% a+ p) m- j1 [Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.8 F/ _' ?; g; \
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)
& I2 K3 R' e1 s: X6 f(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)# p+ m1 ?* ], u2 `* P0 q
(5) fairy godmother:$ [/ b" @5 G+ s* P3 j
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance), `: T+ s. x4 N: s* N
(多半指有钱的女人)( Y) m0 j. Q3 y& }* f: W' _1 r
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
- `6 p. J2 q I+ EMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
; W8 } v( U# Y& Y5 y8 {9 }! Z1 }(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
! ?( z# K/ D; s& c& MAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.0 f! |7 {# Q* A/ U$ U
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
4 M/ r+ V3 y9 x+ Y& @2 E5 t有时也用复数:% u+ f) s+ m& E# b2 x9 M9 f& g' W: L T
Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.2 y5 b( S$ B' \0 t" u% U
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。). t6 {& \5 \6 w* q
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
) I: x$ Z" g4 i(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)* X/ z) B Q+ E# ]# d
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3 ^6 C) g7 k: U) j6)eye opener:- P) G% U0 z k3 U! j3 u1 I
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
9 q# J5 B( ]- P& t6 J* \* Z" `(当名词用;通常只用单数): S& o7 l j$ |: |/ M, L
例如:( ]( K* T( h" P7 ~3 u
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
/ h/ f3 P8 C9 h" Z2 n4 |8 N(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
: Z$ n, Y$ D% [! V! U6 WMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
: x3 C: y/ M( D* R/ P! X- K(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
9 p; @; N& X) V2 t6 n+ gThe popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.& }% \6 K' K. h- T( |
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
/ d# t6 g3 H$ kSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
$ |3 B4 U0 }% e; F! |& l ?(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)7 E: W( K# \ o
(7) hot dog:! i; n9 p2 W) a, i. Z7 x$ A
指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
, E" L, Q( B- G; r) g; I" F例如:
! d5 L6 v M) JSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
: n- j% V, _2 P. N2 f( I(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
* Z: h! D# }, S$ Z0 o(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
# T: K" R" z K6 [In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
! M0 G& z: u. Q) d9 r2 H(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)
- S9 a$ f' s: n* F(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)8 m4 K' f! _: }. d* Y3 C7 P
During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.0 b1 i' Y6 D3 y. Y
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)" b" D& g' B# y% V& c. g
也指真正的热狗食物: ?) T" d T6 u/ O6 u7 t
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.
7 x v) l& k1 u(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)9 G4 v8 U# C! l$ l6 ?
也可表达欣赏的心情:
" k; I* z4 ?9 X& L+ K2 d0 L. JHot dog ! What great news for me.
8 D* O: l7 o/ Y0 z" X(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
: ?5 H; h, i+ E9 v t% I+ ?(8)eager beaver:& k' Y- [* o1 }
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
: U( f4 L/ W5 K* q(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
5 U' `1 k: V0 H. R/ C(当名词用,可指男女)1 |. c3 B" L$ ^! x" b
例如:
1 z( _8 H5 }9 j% kJohn seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
2 D$ I$ O- W& P/ N5 H8 Z(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)
4 \2 x8 Z: `8 Q( PBeing an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.( U) J- F, I2 L! U
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)- B' v6 y) N' P. M3 Y8 M& f
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?$ ~; `0 @& r$ a% t9 k
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
# w, o) I* z T- e" s; q% uYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
! v; Y6 U1 s$ f) a; e5 p(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)& \- N( d* @1 ~+ I7 g2 D* Z$ Q
(9)doubting Thomas:! {1 Z' W1 e; f8 _4 {$ d
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)9 q8 `* a. N$ a* \; X5 p
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
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$ j" M. B4 B5 \3 A" q5 T例如:5 f4 _+ }6 \, K6 [: W& z3 s' {8 h
I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.
& U8 t2 ^; @% i8 C(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
# n& h) f0 g2 a3 Z* U: DThere must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.$ g( ?8 I) C" u9 J
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。), d' n2 U- d; `' B1 Z
也可用复数:5 e; b# T& g# H3 ?5 x
My friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
m( |+ V( j8 _/ a7 n(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)9 c3 m( d: P) k
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.- g# r8 R% u& }3 r3 M
(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)0 v$ |: B$ `1 j8 o
(10)dragon lady:6 c9 ~/ a% \' Y5 O
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
. r: R% V0 A* U2 e& R例如:! e P1 T9 Q% j) x
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
. {1 I" o) ?- K" r(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
: M: J- q, G# n) UI am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.; h' H: o" V. e
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。). X+ b4 ~* S4 h' _
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?; o+ u( N2 l& r; F
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?), H9 r* D" {2 k& d8 u
也可用复数:9 w6 o- F# R& c
There may be many dragon ladies in our community.
$ ^9 B$ H% A6 Q- K2 X(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
2 V2 H2 x5 L% ?5 M4 X注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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