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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯+ L0 t R3 b; J/ W4 R8 ~
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。4 P a6 {- V! Q
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!+ `6 ]- K8 J: p0 J! i# }
8 M1 Q) p5 s3 K, n- l" s, O(1) empty suit:
0 f) W. {; o3 A% I' Z$ w+ u+ U指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。
8 M4 ^, t" K' V2 ?% A(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)# G* ~4 T& x1 V4 \% X
例如:
6 X0 G+ G/ s- SAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
8 k5 n9 N1 z; L- ?(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
! j% R9 e9 x5 G% H& d- oMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
$ ^4 [ D0 d6 K; p+ L$ ^" X* d(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)7 g. F6 o) C* p* i B2 _) r8 j
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:0 G5 M- H' `5 Z) X0 U2 f2 m5 i; _
The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
" ] K+ _% Q+ L2 q: m2 q/ g5 X(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)5 P$ B8 s; X0 L7 N% ]$ R& X4 \
(2) fair-haired boy:
6 x: j6 |9 Y5 r; U指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
9 t5 Q- _$ }3 W- v! a(通常用单数,当名词用)
( \: E- |; V- n: F W4 Q ?例如:
' Q' ~& G6 G d- ?4 t# ?/ \Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.
8 g- G" O& A) J" V2 b( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)
8 f; x) S4 c) I4 LNot being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
% \6 o R ?. q5 n- T(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
2 d& Y) L. ~, J6 d' n有时也可用复数: r T9 ?- P( ^) p/ g* `* L+ c: T
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.! m2 k# X4 p1 G) A& s
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)- c1 u- L" g' E7 |' A. h
Fair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.
' Z8 i6 B6 U" _9 M5 ](得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
) r6 A1 H) v2 G(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)- C% J. _, \1 Y. [4 \9 @* i
(3) fishing expedition:6 [+ A* D+ s0 E/ q/ c' I
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information): l8 n7 ^. r# L6 N8 h' s9 l
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
/ P/ i6 {% W, r! n7 }6 d( e9 T例如:
7 j# ~& n8 J9 KThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
- X# f" Q" J# ~* |(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)1 Y4 P. c, ?; L+ c2 G
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.
6 K: z6 u' G, I! x+ Q6 F5 P(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)# L7 X, B$ d- }& [5 Y
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
' \) K% `/ W+ z4 oThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War. M1 ~( Q1 J- o
(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)+ h) l! F1 N( P3 n$ m& u
偶尔也有人用复数:
$ U7 l& P0 I; i6 KSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.8 x" }( s6 L1 p. d% g8 S
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)3 K9 g7 O0 M) ?' [+ e
(4) filthy rich:6 I7 t! C! O6 s. ?6 e! N
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
/ G1 i$ _) I5 \4 A(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)% d: T4 N% L9 ^! H8 Y% o
多半当形容词用。例如:
# Y% B: Z A( a! w6 X& \With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
$ w3 w/ L. V; I+ o! K( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)0 w, |0 C; ]' J: c7 G
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
' c9 A2 T. n1 t& z: i3 O! o, T(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)
% `& L( K' p) rA filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
' E& @0 r9 ?0 ?; |( j(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
4 u7 W0 u- t$ _7 @& A9 eFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.& e$ m% h& p# g7 j/ X9 O( \
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)& k$ s; E. N4 B. C, Z& N( ?
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)" V, X+ Z- }6 H$ a0 L
(5) fairy godmother:
0 @/ ]6 |' \+ q3 B5 B- T& n5 U+ s指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)
1 k* \8 h, l! y(多半指有钱的女人)
7 k3 R$ i1 @% n(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:( j; D L, n, D! X4 Z/ p$ [
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
* q; Y7 Q9 v& W- G5 a(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。); P& C. d6 x7 _, A
After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.# E- T6 Z/ a. E( i2 D. y
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)& o/ h) t* i& E3 }$ s
有时也用复数:) N0 E( o% G7 ~3 t* k: R* j
Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.
0 U0 ~ R5 k7 d(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)3 l# u. T+ T% r, t% Z2 c* W/ f
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
) E2 `) _8 V* ?5 A7 F) n8 ?8 b(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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O5 ? _" a1 u+ v# q6)eye opener:; ]8 {- R! ~$ y1 }
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
5 ?0 J% Z. ]$ J8 K* F7 D/ _) v0 f(当名词用;通常只用单数)
' V+ d4 \/ t6 o2 b0 @例如:
5 T8 ]' F% P g/ `) s( i5 DYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
! I3 W7 x9 n6 D0 x1 O# [(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
" L6 N% l/ i2 ]7 C5 w, h; kMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
. E8 f1 p2 [$ k- w6 S(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
! G! U. o/ M# L9 } r# rThe popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.6 }+ B* h: l( b
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
{4 C5 S: x/ w9 wSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
7 j8 ~6 m- u. b2 J/ W(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
2 H/ E9 M& ~1 `( e# |) T& o" h$ Q(7) hot dog:
6 T) V% s4 H" d, n指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)4 q* S; i! D0 k5 S( o
例如:
7 r% _4 S0 x ?2 B7 cSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.9 `) f8 d# {; ^6 ]; G# M; [
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
+ q# M. |2 _8 s/ U2 ~$ i(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
# @+ L" V" p0 L( G$ x( u& GIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
: b6 v" P9 x5 p" J8 B9 |3 d6 J; @6 Z Z(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)6 Y. [$ C/ h! ~
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)* U) u8 } q" i" J W# a/ H
During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
3 X5 R& K: I3 ?3 L( B+ c; a/ @0 S(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)( e6 d& Z! Q& k" Z! \- q
也指真正的热狗食物:5 {! N( u. M4 I0 H
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.( h6 J9 F( B6 U
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)
. B' ]5 S" [/ s: F# _4 b/ y: S也可表达欣赏的心情:) C, l$ ?. Q% ]. U5 ]9 n
Hot dog ! What great news for me.* ~9 h- X" _' p1 a
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
1 t/ \/ b/ V! y- E3 E(8)eager beaver:% \% e5 s+ x1 C4 o# n: c
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others). k: h8 R# V. [
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
5 ]& F3 ^' Z% E, S5 Z(当名词用,可指男女) `, o* j0 F& k6 a8 r
例如:
( i3 G1 m1 {- L) h8 f2 {7 G' rJohn seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late./ Z9 v; U; A8 [- t
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)- t7 c; g1 J8 u9 ^& e
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues./ g5 n" X f4 }* l# J
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
0 D, Y( i- p# |4 i7 O: P6 fDoes Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?6 m9 b* D/ T1 D* p. C6 W: H3 L
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
+ J, n: X. y+ K+ j7 ?You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
; ?! U* }( a' [# a) I5 d(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)5 @& z( R1 K' L$ h
(9)doubting Thomas:! y0 v) |% T6 m4 T
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)) \2 z8 u& [5 }* _/ `
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)* o- @& |& D- z+ f+ p
(当名词用)( d. \% P' g4 ]$ s; H! v
例如:
: [2 C8 A% F% ^5 D gI am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.9 z9 Y! f& Q$ Q, ?7 @3 K0 M& u& [, f
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
0 s+ A5 v' E% s0 M0 ^8 N1 d% j& I9 cThere must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.4 C& d$ P: n: w' Q. K0 t2 ^4 Q
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
- A$ L9 ^' T. I也可用复数:
! B7 F+ }) ?0 m) KMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.2 @/ n% i$ N5 K! a9 ]3 A, z4 ]+ S8 C, t
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)( ]7 E! W- f u/ k, b3 U9 J
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
: n) m) `% Q5 G+ s/ _(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
! c5 w, p! ~: R8 k5 E(10)dragon lady:
* Y& T6 h3 L- g. V指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)' M& X5 x8 o( n8 D) t& ^+ Z4 x7 H2 _
例如:
2 N2 X+ z' O5 f! I q* HThe chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
" ^, H3 P$ _/ l(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。) n$ W+ O6 [8 p5 V: U3 i- t
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.4 U# l N1 {; W& ]3 R% E0 q0 i
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)% H0 r; u: Y" Q) b2 {! s8 B4 c/ V
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?0 z& ?; r) x& d% c8 D4 N/ G5 w* D. O
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)( Q8 B3 ]9 n* E W1 g
也可用复数:* R L8 E3 ^9 R
There may be many dragon ladies in our community.
& @0 C' L* q3 P( N$ i2 e) n8 |(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
^/ y2 I* G7 X, g; T注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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