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How to figure a home's fundamental value
l. ~1 ^( g% Y* S: m dLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.: U9 z8 t; e3 w5 T. K1 u& m
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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& P% M) k2 i4 ^% Z' wLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:$ ^; n/ S# O+ Q% O" E( x$ ^
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# ]5 ?) {6 m) b: N2 Q6 R/ y9 ~In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.4 D# K3 @9 ?* j6 N
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
3 k4 ]9 O% ?# ^' W* n7 I5 {1 }6 XSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
( V( P# y f; nNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.5 T% m# K+ _" K. l5 n- T. m4 d
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.0 ~0 W) W0 V$ k. H2 y7 k
4 ^9 \4 ?: K+ Q, J+ SIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.9 u3 U M$ B8 X+ `
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas $ E& q! i- \7 d* y5 ] z
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
s; G9 g4 ]6 k$ \4 P }Boston 20.5 30.2
8 l) Q+ T' ~% Y2 H: M/ _San Diego 22.8 29.7
( Z- d5 i& s* ^3 Q( q- qSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 ! U! ]5 d- M! H& b0 e
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 2 p( B5 y4 \# E# r% {0 V1 e3 N
Seattle 20.4 25
; { V3 B/ A1 q6 J [+ QDenver 17.7 23.7 . L M$ `- w t, C w6 |/ U$ ?! r
New York 21.2 22.5
* v0 P! \8 F0 O3 V8 EChicago 17.2 20.8
: N% R6 X9 b, q$ B0 K) RWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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