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How to figure a home's fundamental value1 D0 h+ |. O- ~" [
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.+ Q/ D1 A3 s8 W9 S" P* f& [5 v
/ M' T4 }/ P, T% G' eNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:% I- c: V3 o' Y' c0 p
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27. J4 @. U1 M5 d% ~. d, _
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
0 h/ q9 O4 l% T1 p2 h# UNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.6 W) l+ l' J/ L' I) q5 { B; s
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ) l( k; I' Q; T
% ]! w0 o4 w0 h/ n+ [% I& w; L8 K6 xIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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# s F9 S2 K* ~/ L6 [3 F' FIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.) q+ p. U L4 c) W
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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Boston 20.5 30.2
: w( R/ u2 ?6 y! q, XSan Diego 22.8 29.7
% z* M* [+ J% q( X; ~2 YSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 Z5 D7 s1 F9 p: Z6 ]- y
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
]1 z# K* `- t; \; F6 ~Seattle 20.4 25
2 B) Y7 b- e$ p' }Denver 17.7 23.7
! u) F# @ v& U6 r2 wNew York 21.2 22.5 / J8 S( O: }, U, g5 U
Chicago 17.2 20.8
4 A! g: X+ e7 i" sWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 * U3 {' \& j' {3 ^; L+ B* d4 n
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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