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How to figure a home's fundamental value
* X- O! b$ {* U8 q2 O& T3 LLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.9 L4 H) z9 f8 i3 e( V' s/ r
3 c% m( X1 V j- TNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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" o& P$ p# S% A7 RLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.8 O( E3 ~1 [8 H% x- {7 ^9 F( s
+ u5 G! J* ?: t4 [6 ATo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:1 a$ W& }0 b" E) l( K
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.( n& N; T2 x' y$ t6 o4 p
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
" f/ C7 M" m* M( C& \$ bNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
7 P' b( d% g5 JYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 0 [; M7 F8 ]& I7 E. q/ @
7 A0 z& }. A6 r# e( q- a& DIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 5 D- V5 \! R/ X: v0 i4 n' I& ]
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
" E2 r, ~( f N* F: `Boston 20.5 30.2 2 ^0 U: k) r2 F* m
San Diego 22.8 29.7 . D) G6 @3 Z/ Q! H7 Z! Q! q0 C
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
3 y7 O$ L' ?% c$ U( a+ ^Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 ' w! P% P0 ~ b$ T4 E# h C
Seattle 20.4 25 1 I! {$ z2 I4 \
Denver 17.7 23.7 & S6 W. i! z3 N' _& J% d) c3 G+ O
New York 21.2 22.5 $ ?6 p& _2 X6 [- w3 M) c" f
Chicago 17.2 20.8 4 y9 c3 a( f1 l! e% S
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 ( q6 h6 L0 ^. Y; G4 U) L* f1 t E
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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# M- }$ F( R. r1 E. pFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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