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How to figure a home's fundamental value
4 G, K/ ~, M1 J3 qLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.' \% l& k3 I* X5 o% l" A
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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$ \' k; N6 \( x0 o. A. R( q9 YLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently." b( I8 M) n- r: m' z% e1 Y. N
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:+ A' t8 j% e+ b+ t" |: V3 u# ]/ [: J
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.( H" z" C% Q% z# d
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
6 ?$ H7 a M6 u; t) H2 hSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.+ ]6 k9 i2 I* w/ l
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
( w+ e1 s9 Y7 x/ {4 x/ |0 ZYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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# n# F# o8 Q6 C/ t8 e V0 iIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.6 X1 l7 e+ q8 r+ ^9 a3 K8 s7 T, O2 L
! }, D% Q% z7 e! | X Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 6 V8 U' v. j% k, O
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 ( {+ @5 x. ~3 W" m
Boston 20.5 30.2
0 ~ X9 S& y. S9 BSan Diego 22.8 29.7
' a% N9 J' N( a" L; XSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 - C2 n/ D- F" W) L% Z
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 2 q( N, k$ [+ G6 O- e
Seattle 20.4 25
+ t% k( u) W5 Q5 s7 t8 aDenver 17.7 23.7 1 S7 r# B0 X0 o3 u0 a
New York 21.2 22.5 ( ?9 A, g) I- s- q1 S9 M0 J3 B
Chicago 17.2 20.8
# Z j" u, _# ^) b6 `# a+ oWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 3 }( O5 Q5 G$ S
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live., u2 G1 `; Y# G+ ?2 X" w2 Q
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" D& y" j" h: G) j. xFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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