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@7 C* ~: s R( d$ Vhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China9 ]+ u! I. W5 T* D
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
4 X- z6 A* l3 k% F0 [1 E. }1 |Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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% F0 S2 J4 d7 m" C% ELI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of+ i) P7 m3 v5 C5 Y+ n* x
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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0 n9 c8 u' f- t* T8 _Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .: u# V5 a2 _6 p8 k5 X8 H5 B' [
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
, \3 J. P6 b }1 gPublished online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
5 a% e* ~' a0 ?$ {1 h( nJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
8 g" h" l* F, H, E1 y5 @. b( d- x4 eDynasty who came to China and was employed by The( A7 K" {8 \" j! K( V7 |
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been9 p9 U6 s; f" o' F) [
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
6 y$ f. O/ x* _5 eonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific' u8 d/ D, A7 @9 C1 V" i$ H( S1 H
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly# x9 v( H; q6 `9 X" J
to the standardization of the scientific terminology2 M4 r1 y4 w) } Q* J* J
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s, h2 d+ b8 O ^- s
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
8 A5 i3 ~6 T; Q) Qand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the0 ~( o3 C$ X6 A! {9 |
standardization of the scientific terminology translation6 b1 e; d5 A: Z5 q# H
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien7 W O0 Z: _5 N6 s
he established had helped greatly with the popularization8 m! ^- g2 t4 S! t& n: V
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring( Q8 Q: P2 s' ]$ H: z
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
; ?, t/ K, B0 {; J' V$ Pfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and" D5 d# B& y2 u$ l: i! u
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a0 \* L7 B- f/ P+ s$ B. \
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific1 J8 n' J: B0 U
terminology.
$ X# {9 _: m5 m9 L4 }Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
7 I% [( \ U( f! D$ a' O. G# e vStandardization of terminology translation
9 h8 C- h1 Y ~Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to8 m9 k5 _" l t7 p, @, ^% y; l
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern, G. b* q: m. X, ?3 ~' ^
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available# Y' }, `& A3 P7 i
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213. u. c6 \5 }; Q$ R
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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* f6 m7 V5 [% m( E# ~6 ZINTRODUCTION9 S6 P! n3 N- d5 U0 d5 c" G
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
- a: _" Q0 S* C1 S \9 Ya great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
3 }5 y4 D9 b# m- @" T1 y! x( g4 QDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to9 @! d( Y% u- j" E2 b! G
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of3 T& N7 R' t6 N# E6 y; X
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed! z+ J" T! }% L; h$ m2 K
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as( f( o: q- r1 M# D) v& z: H3 D5 x5 n0 f
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
: P. o4 i5 j1 x6 Q4 Khis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-$ x$ t ~0 C' u
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific k* S/ Z& h! i! Z$ q; [
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
3 G4 V+ D+ H! h6 b- y) i" M! MFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.% x* } [. c0 W$ y9 n
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated( M! q, T# Y, S7 d0 A
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant7 |' q5 S9 |, B, F
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,. B5 w4 z0 [$ O, X: C3 _
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
1 B: B1 @: s, e1 i }0 f9 XFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
% Z4 Y# W6 m: H$ t/ P. y9 L; w9 u% ibooks that made him the most productive one among the* e2 T4 R Q% Z, x% D
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
) E# a4 s4 N- `7 o/ ftranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a/ v+ p6 j5 X- C' H" c2 u8 g) H3 V
noble work which could help accelerate the process of- v" S$ ?8 G3 X, t4 S4 Y5 [. h
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
( B d8 x0 D/ W x: M9 J5 s9 z$ tIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
9 p( h- O* ?1 z- r" ]also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
, H2 ~/ ?, `9 r; v/ }+ ?/ a/ hscience and the standardization of translated scientific8 A* p, J6 p8 b
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
4 k* ]/ Z0 v) b2 U1 s( `magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the# f; K: H( r- p. L; v
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
* i$ A5 r) p, U1 U! o l7 o- Wcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
m4 l. a6 k A0 e. Wof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
3 z9 p' C9 j/ ?2 }% W, O7 J" `8 iModern China.: q( o1 Q8 i7 F# |7 ] V
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published6 q' {5 Y( x; J( \) w. ^
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of/ W& n$ d9 D, t4 w
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
' S: V' P" _7 U7 D0 f, v wa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In1 M# X6 F! P4 _& m
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
4 \! ~/ a0 g w8 O3 D! q0 ZTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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