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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688 D+ i/ Z# b9 O" f+ `: e0 l
5 s/ g0 @$ k! Z: ]John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
' M8 {2 H8 U9 t7 gYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of/ j& W) _9 E8 @
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
7 A2 F# d0 }: N% h! G2 O& c t% d# ]! J: {0 [: m0 L
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of5 q% Z" @8 \' g0 [3 d8 ?
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.! r) A6 M( m8 c" {# q# n
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
9 v' ?5 F$ K, t. A: R+ MReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
" x* o8 H8 @; v' |9 SPublished online 26 January 20188 Z$ G) {6 p0 L! ?0 o( N5 A: }
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Abstract" _# X4 q4 z, }5 m3 ]/ _& M% R
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
; F" Q% Z+ w, q( J9 T: p8 K" _Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
! S. g8 L( L6 z Q3 \* Y5 fTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
5 w% b5 ?" a8 ?* z7 s4 E0 Mengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not7 _* F/ e; Y. }
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific7 C7 z- u* E. s: W* L" o
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly7 C" n5 k2 [7 ]" k2 z. `1 p
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
3 A5 y4 \% J& n" \translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s; ^& {5 [/ J$ M$ F" Z, d- m
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,6 C! T( [$ ~1 q' J7 c
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
9 n7 D6 T) g; W/ u) ~standardization of the scientific terminology translation
3 v/ t: m E% P) ?8 m+ X/ Hin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
5 k' J% e* R' d; y4 Uhe established had helped greatly with the popularization! v D$ q4 U. r
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
. V5 ^* e: A9 }the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
3 D( {/ ^ E, Ofor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
6 o- B3 q# v9 [$ X; g8 ~ F! a9 othat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a0 p7 }' _$ b+ U3 c
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific$ T6 @) E7 _" v9 \/ f
terminology.
8 ]/ r+ m8 z+ i3 {8 cKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;9 `5 R* ~( W( m2 d9 L
Standardization of terminology translation2 o' Y n3 z6 i: J& Q: B
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to3 R4 ~- j+ r d2 ^( _7 j5 F
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
* z3 n% S$ S1 r+ g: vChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available) _' {, J* o3 N4 c& F
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
3 U; L& @, Z2 {0 s9 UDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213+ t$ ?9 c1 l: O2 H" U5 K }
+ U2 f3 Z. X9 Y3 s
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INTRODUCTION7 g, c) f6 x0 z$ c
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and" ^% }4 J# P# q4 w- K: f. |
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
% D' z' A9 X$ n* lDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to- Q! \% A0 B3 o9 B
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of, ~" t# J/ M! g) Y
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed9 n# }' x! f' L5 y( w/ s
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
3 Q8 m$ B6 T/ E6 K4 L' _/ b7 Qan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
3 r# s6 P: N8 f3 Y7 s. ^ Dhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
5 E! O! Q4 `) Q1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
: `" E6 }: P! b. v1 pworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner," I" {4 f# U! c& T! M' t. g/ x8 h
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
/ Q! r" C% J" H+ kNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated# m0 ], U% X: F6 X4 w5 g6 L2 g
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant# A- r% @' x9 i6 D8 w" t
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
! |( w7 k5 Z4 ]! s+ xrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
. d0 }3 B- E8 e2 L& n: lFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
8 f8 P; c3 G9 u4 [) F; e. X" Kbooks that made him the most productive one among the
, f! v* I' Y- w+ I; N% E# sforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,/ \# K) Q0 X! l: y$ B
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a+ H( G7 i9 \* a5 d/ P3 F# s
noble work which could help accelerate the process of1 T S/ D1 m. W1 H3 K6 J! ]- U
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
" H+ c P2 e% A+ j. I' k8 ?In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
( h3 X6 l6 _% r% G, J8 Q/ F, }also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western- q: R) s1 G( k r9 b1 Q2 B( l
science and the standardization of translated scientific
+ q# a; b* L; Wterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific% b% F6 E+ r2 G# Y6 g
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
. T! u2 V: E# F" }establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
) f3 F4 m7 c9 i) L& D, Qcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series5 s# {3 a0 c$ m5 j6 D: Q3 Q! l
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in8 _+ y; E9 c. G2 S% b" r# ?( Q
Modern China.9 \. W# V3 z' A- F0 O" P) N
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
9 r8 q& P0 T5 D5 l$ @2 M) u+ @$ _0 qThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of9 e! o2 Z9 l! u+ u) [5 d. h/ f
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
4 g; q3 y, u. J4 [9 s. xa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In% V2 l* s4 s, K0 P# l/ t$ m) i5 A( t4 Z
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
- d: l" c6 b; JTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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