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" v1 ~: v( ~' T7 X# D8 t9 Zhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106885 d) l( N5 W- `' ]. N0 G" x
$ U! Q# p4 d9 K6 M2 Q1 XJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
3 ^1 y; {5 F# @2 rYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of; n6 N. C7 u+ Z N+ l3 j1 P# G
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
8 [) k4 J7 e2 A: _. h9 x5 d& B2 ~5 Q+ |# X6 ?' K. \2 A* L: u
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of. W5 ]5 @4 u. ]( z# L! E) M) v1 c; c* C
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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, e8 H- ?5 k8 fSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .6 O1 \: }* S' o7 R) c
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
J+ O$ C6 e% H1 F/ \8 BPublished online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
0 Y% j9 G0 ^- G( Y8 F1 TJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing( G: |' {; X' u: A! g' e
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The5 k& J! h# x: W( @ A) \
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
3 V$ p& C, T' j" q4 A% fengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
b; }" K$ f0 Y8 m3 J- i& Bonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific* g' @4 ^; t" @# ~* O( H
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
1 N+ D2 t6 v5 F8 u W& m) tto the standardization of the scientific terminology! j+ q% b& g% \
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s$ B, e- ]% N0 s4 [6 W
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,8 P/ _* j! U" a$ {9 {' D! j, u
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the5 h& b- J* M& ]0 d/ b j( x" q" I
standardization of the scientific terminology translation* V3 o; z+ p7 X8 B! I$ Q5 n) ^
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
$ a( w, l6 Z$ w: y u/ fhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
0 y+ ]( w" z7 j- B5 V; Nof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring* c+ i: H' B" O" l( {; _. z
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
! B0 `3 b) D) N% _9 sfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
' t M) ?9 ^. y* I( |1 r2 rthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a* \( h7 }2 y. M$ `
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific" ?9 K0 W6 W/ R/ X
terminology.- K9 }0 Y4 k) U* @% p
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
# L# Z0 n9 p! V$ Z; P% [: IStandardization of terminology translation
' B# ^, q. X+ D$ v/ bYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to$ k5 M B+ n! s- i
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
. q: M$ y% I9 n+ \7 u. E6 UChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available/ g7 L; t; Q& k n6 ]9 u7 D
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213( d" C6 Z/ p( ^# r
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213; Z8 c% ~3 ~8 m6 |# F% l
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INTRODUCTION
9 K% j' |; [ c$ M1 q8 @; SJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and4 [# V0 @, o$ L! D- @; v* J
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
9 `0 T* Y2 g! j& ]: _Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
B0 `, Y% A4 b1 FHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
9 |8 i$ c" l9 U$ Q$ ^St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed: s, @; c5 G) {6 R* B
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
, c+ l$ B2 p6 U' r2 o7 i# xan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
6 [; d0 i5 {6 L3 D: ^+ xhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-% |+ Z" w& i1 o5 z2 q `/ Q( N
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific% h) I/ E# }; E, k6 e; y
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,& B1 T+ H. s1 S6 m. h. \
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.9 _, W5 J* d3 A+ g1 o
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
; n$ P' R( F% P( p- w" sto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
6 S( O. J" B4 L) Owould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,7 T! c- I7 h2 H
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
) j( S" Y) P, q' Z( B5 T; ?# H! j% eFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
9 \! Z3 P; z- a' E( ibooks that made him the most productive one among the
5 g: S; X* D0 Qforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
5 h' J. a" b1 j: F# [translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a: h1 T# O0 N9 k8 S$ ?8 |6 c
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
9 b: ^5 b) H |3 i, V3 E9 ipeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
7 G6 B" A, I& G2 i" X; d6 O) JIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer7 k1 u! l+ E8 G9 j
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
+ R4 j! r/ q' S& W" cscience and the standardization of translated scientific1 m8 k/ ^4 { h. J" l8 a
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
0 H& X: ?/ u' L; F8 b6 Fmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the) G) ~* e, t5 C$ J: C4 A$ [2 [- q' i
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another# k4 D$ N9 n; H7 J8 J0 D1 q
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
/ Z8 {+ X7 @* q) @of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in: q& ~+ f3 J( E8 Q2 m! J
Modern China.; k3 J# { U% P- N6 p* B; }
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published- |, ^- ^4 a9 W6 a& V0 y- |' y; ]9 }
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of' U& C& @. N2 |' w, x( v8 K
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing. C U) G3 V! h
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
u: a9 a6 I7 A, DJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and) u/ | }1 g( _5 D
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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