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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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0 }# j7 {5 H: ^3 G" w0 `8 FJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China# f! B; e4 B7 u j& \
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
) U: z: ^. Y6 y1 p$ F) \0 GFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of" H6 O4 Z. ~7 G. |9 q
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China. w! t6 L& r7 C4 N8 A. W4 M9 k) h- o* k
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .% ? }& Y N& _0 j0 y* f! |! K
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
7 D; Z6 |" R ?4 I+ NPublished online 26 January 2018. m( @6 V/ d) f; _- V6 k5 S
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John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing$ `- D9 _3 A: H* G u
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
' [/ W7 x! @4 k) \* c; a! w/ sTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been, M) ? c( y2 B- n
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
! V Q, D$ U$ G5 ]+ [) k+ J' F9 V Gonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific# _9 n. O: x" q2 N1 c3 f
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly, K& \- T5 i3 l! |! m
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
: R. W0 D! n! ^7 h; t/ ^translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s9 [3 [2 C2 n8 _% p# N
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,# N/ E) ^% U# B4 J
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
( p% N2 w! o; Z- _standardization of the scientific terminology translation* o# k/ N2 e2 R# f; j( u
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien+ D- j; i: y" _" b9 K" O! `
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
7 R7 e+ O: i9 d4 y# Gof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
@- i! E1 w1 o7 C7 X+ [7 [: pthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way% ^3 |7 z/ s1 L; ^; ~
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
- c% V' s E: j5 A# i+ O+ E+ Pthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a( g# o @2 ~/ H2 [, b( J
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific6 x- ^3 }' p6 h! ^6 S& ]
terminology. S, M3 {- ^/ j' R) ]; N
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
5 p" T( N, n7 W$ u1 D% J4 GStandardization of terminology translation/ C3 d+ X! A! b8 \6 F4 c2 k2 S5 s
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to& X1 B7 `. p$ p' c
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern3 O# u! g& ?1 j
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available, ?' V* q' L, k2 w$ N
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
2 `( [/ I0 b* `& ]. W9 n) ADOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
7 \9 P. M6 A8 [( HJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and+ ^0 ]. u& ?7 T) P/ s7 Q/ M$ t$ E
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).# R5 V/ \- {* b
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to' J/ Q" {0 j0 n4 ~
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of- a D! [' B/ F6 K- A G+ k
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
4 q! p1 a* ?7 ^by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as& a; f, B q; x5 z
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on" Q' {9 L3 ?% G
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-. f* w7 }1 s1 U0 Q) t1 P5 s' U4 R
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
9 L* w: j8 s; D, v; W* K, [works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
$ P! G8 Z8 b$ CFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
& y( i* \ P) S% O# {5 eNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated' Q# v! e* `, {
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
! ]% t4 W5 {" Ywould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,% q% q7 N0 X1 [) c# j$ G. _
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
* H7 V/ ?8 u3 `3 M5 GFryer translated more than one hundred of Western9 K2 _0 q7 O( j' z" P/ F1 |
books that made him the most productive one among the
0 C0 U* z0 J- m5 ?( m5 zforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
! \. m4 [& z9 e6 R, G5 K$ ~translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a9 x' i! n( N4 j) Y! `0 s
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
2 b- y/ B7 T" E5 t& R$ M$ I/ D8 lpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
) l' b9 p$ B& P% }$ x; V* dIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer7 C# Z8 {4 `2 H
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western% s, ~# F4 N7 y$ B- r5 C: B5 g1 g" c
science and the standardization of translated scientific
' R% T! m4 f% ?( K* G# ?terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific2 G# n; k t0 ^; R' n
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the* f/ h+ b r j3 r( I ~2 J
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another: B# O' q; t' W: c+ t0 U% C3 o
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series0 y0 S* a! [/ \! x( B E3 [
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in4 q# V; F3 ^1 Y+ e4 M& W
Modern China.! L! J* S) v1 t
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
3 ?4 t/ V/ P+ f% h7 W; yThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of: h5 W6 W, f) {# |$ c( \8 J7 y/ y# ?: w
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
- x3 C+ ?- x+ j$ x* D$ w0 |2 g4 aa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In* v; d& D3 x" n0 S1 i
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and2 s) W4 R" e1 C# I* s, e U
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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