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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n); n4 E; C% k: G! b3 @3 m' r# x* ~
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Proof:
! Q0 @# V! j7 K& x3 X. ~3 B: O; MLet n >1 be an integer . L# g% Q1 U# G4 N! R& i
Basis: (n=2)8 L8 A# |+ g4 J% ?! d6 q
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3- g! S4 n6 ?$ S
+ S9 K" j6 g" u) E: ]# q$ xInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that j3 [: \+ ~/ i7 }8 D
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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/ |; d& v1 Z o* a) B& A, DNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
0 O, A8 P# H* m- h( U7 G' [6 osince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
) Q) [8 @: K! p5 z/ L3 S8 C1 [Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)( \8 P# l, J1 @% t2 Q" u: G
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K1 P8 \, c, V! C
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
) J2 e0 ` w' Q! Q = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
) {$ U `' M A4 B6 F! n/ v! [2 c5 Yby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
( c, P' a8 l e6 @6 rSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)9 L- g1 Q" H5 P& y z1 p2 D$ u
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
$ W, T; h, X' j& c = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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+ P j: `) x9 k/ fConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.3 `, I* c, Y6 u6 Y' U/ v- `
$ k0 }; n# T' r8 r[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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