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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)) L% K: b& p. A/ O' k( ^ l
, l! a Q$ L, ?2 O$ k. m, }/ GProof:
5 Z. r# p2 y G+ VLet n >1 be an integer
3 x6 I7 P0 O2 M, `, H% q# ^: mBasis: (n=2)
; `+ {( r" b) h; W 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3- Y _- q. Y4 m5 i' h2 P0 A; h
8 O- I0 G1 j8 k* }Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that$ i5 @# c; f$ R) U; O6 i
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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0 H4 P$ ?5 n2 E, y: O6 `Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
% Y1 m* g! Y5 |% ]) I' ]0 Xsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem" I w/ L# J2 d, S: N
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1). t* H. B. S! ?7 O) C ?
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
% o* L6 b: ]9 _$ L! F0 _( [6 A) R = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
+ Y0 U+ c# G' H! D = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K); a+ u8 h- ~/ ?& Z5 b' W
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
# h; v6 J- x6 D8 t/ `3 mSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)! i s2 c* m: B. n3 X8 O
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
" c: H1 ~' ~5 |, j# v \$ s; R = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3+ s2 t" C1 _1 a W' e2 L
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.; r5 j$ u( S) |
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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