 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
ZT. @- a x2 e3 X5 A# U" T- H
说汉语者使用大脑更多部分0 Z* b+ }7 Z! {) U$ d2 w
4 \: }" X1 }5 J6 \7 u2 O& j8 t# X
+ t% F- p) S; h
说汉语普通话者讲话时同时使用大脑两边 8 b7 C) P% W( {
9 ^6 s4 p' z8 ~$ s4 h. i
6 W" s4 D' j4 j& f$ Z2 g英国的研究人员发现,说汉语普通话的人可能比说英语的人用更多大脑。研究表明,说汉语普通话者讲话时同时使用大脑两边。 2 @9 m. t3 W/ K. v% q; U/ A
说英语者只使用大脑一边。研究人员说,这项研究能够促进了解大脑处理语言的过程。 K6 F: X! F% {, y
另外,这项研究还可以帮助研究人员找到更好的办法,帮助人们在中风或者脑部受到类似损害后重新学习,掌握语言技能。
+ {8 K7 j5 B" K$ |: l在这项研究中,操汉语普通话和操英语的两组人接受脑部扫描。研究人员发现,人们讲英语时,靠近左太阳穴的左颞叶开始活跃。
7 ?6 `; i! U; T8 \* G* l) h# q他们发现,大脑这个区域的功能是把发音联系起来,形成单个词汇。
/ F7 I' A" h& L& I' o4 O! `" X7 I' q研究发现,人们说汉语时,左颞叶和右颞叶一起活跃。研究人员说,说不同语言时,人的大脑在以不同方式破译语言。这就推翻了长期以来的看法。
4 C3 K! Y3 e2 D2 X: O# V9 M8 o# ]汉语普通话十分难学。不同于操英语者,说汉语者使用音调区分不同词的不同意思。比如"马"音,用不同音调发音,可以是马,妈等不同的意思。
* v2 c, g9 ` m2 X, W: i9 G1 S0 c" g! }8 j1 ?0 k0 C$ u D8 U
" v, D/ F) L, [8 [2 |8 W
Chinese 'takes more brainpower' 4 g$ i3 m2 ?6 {5 q' R+ N: T0 l0 Y5 x
8 J/ x* U, P6 w$ v2 wSpeaking Chinese may take more brainpower than speaking English, a study suggests.
4 _/ `6 P% D V% T/ `) [Researchers in Britain have found that people who speak Mandarin Chinese use both sides of their brain to understand the language. : p# K0 {. b" I- S
{' J( P( E' `' {2 C0 a3 }% H
This compares to English-language speakers who only need to use one side of their brain.
+ M* k9 @- V8 m* M; K$ E: I- i% ?8 v) S+ C
The researchers said the findings could boost understanding of how the brain processes languages.
2 k, x- s# r# m _$ I2 M7 c, m/ o: V7 d3 @9 i
This, in turn, could one day help scientists to develop better ways of helping people to re-learn languages after a stroke or similar damage to the brain.
% X1 b, U# T8 ?
1 c5 S8 N$ k( H \0 i& LBrain scans ! I6 Q' c/ M6 N
! P0 k& z: `9 ?3 F' D4 N
Dr Sophie Scott and colleagues at the Wellcome Trust carried out brain scans on a group of Mandarin and English speakers. 9 q% [! o! W1 i! L; d0 L5 j7 `8 x
, l; \: |- |3 y+ xThey found that the left temporal lobe, which is located by the left temple, becomes active when English speakers hear English. 2 o" S' V$ N, I" H7 `$ N
+ @- x; h/ c3 j$ Q( d1 x2 R, B
! h! z5 N! g' ?, G8 C' ]1 O
The researchers believe that this area of the brain links speech sounds together to form individual words. ; m! n( t, I% q: @
" X" X2 [0 k7 v
They expected similar findings when they carried out scans on Mandarin speakers. " Q& q) b4 j$ s: Z+ U* n
; ]$ R+ n J/ D+ h$ S" {However, they found that both their left and right temporal lobes become active when they hear Mandarin. % F1 s4 s( J; o
5 n5 v5 s5 @ F! T: I2 T: g"People who speak different sorts of languages use their brains to decode speech in different ways," said Dr Scott. ; o: m% a: L9 k1 T/ ]3 [" F' F- R
2 F9 A0 B+ c7 H$ Z" L"It overturned some long-held theories."
x* ^2 ^9 s" D4 Y' g; C% ^
3 a# h! T# S% aMandarin is a notoriously difficult language to learn. Unlike English, speakers use intonation to distinguish between completely different meanings of particular words. ( E, X$ ^# I9 s/ N
9 L) `- Z) }4 IFor instance, the word "ma" can mean mother, scold, horse or hemp depending on how it is said. 6 c5 m+ a6 V! o* K- f& u
$ Q4 m& s8 T- U2 q3 }* ^The researchers believe that this need to interpret intonation is why Mandarin speakers need to use both sides of their brain.
8 I" T2 W: D0 Q4 `9 O) H
* @* h6 @0 [- MThe right temporal lobe is normally associated with being able to process music or tones. . X- A6 c, I- G; b
7 g% V, O9 b' C0 z0 t) P"We think that Mandarin speakers interpret intonation and melody in the right temporal lobe to give the correct meaning to the spoken words," said Dr Scott.
( q% U1 S) S5 s1 z6 ? \! M
# o" e" M3 `% g) [0 C. u"It seems that the structure of the language you learn as a child affects how the structure of your brain develops to decode speech.
' M5 i" C8 K3 R0 C6 z( |6 K% ^
$ O, x b; }. L7 M2 {! ["Native English speakers, for example, find it extraordinarily difficult to learn Mandarin." 4 ~& J$ j2 z7 U" d1 i
# C& o# C/ O, u( K: M9 ILearning languages
* ?' _% c( X8 K/ R# `( L: B: [5 f3 d# j4 ?) p
Dr Scott said the findings could help scientists to understand how the brain learns language. ; @. g4 K' l2 j, R1 y
9 }: ?' T c& ]) _4 R7 `( a) J: P: J k1 B
It could be particularly useful in trying to understand how it re-learns language after a stroke.
; _8 T3 g# G% ^! o; [, R0 R7 ?+ ]$ H/ ~. v
She suggested it could also lead to new drugs to help people who have lost their language skills.
; z# L( L; E2 w0 _& N5 @7 g$ e& G w
$ x1 K: l; H+ A9 P9 q: w0 v& L! H"There is evidence from other studies that certain drugs affect learning in the brain regions that support hearing and speech," she said.
5 W9 [2 T9 R4 x o, {2 ^/ C
% n6 A6 t" S1 [3 d$ X"This is something we can improve on." 8 F( `. I5 j9 @8 \& J
1 y0 L$ @% ^7 j; MDr William Marslen-Wilson, of the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit at Cambridge University, welcomed the study. - Q" |- ?6 H- u
# Z2 L! Z2 \2 p8 e4 ]. w" F+ a
"It is an interesting finding," he told BBC News Online.
4 x. z$ a9 \; C+ C' n& b* h( G6 Y
( I: a# N$ d# ^- Z* h4 w/ z"Looking at languages that are very different from each other helps us to understand how the brain processes language.
5 Z8 U; I( r0 i6 @
$ I4 W' ]4 ?; b# b"It can also help us to understand language rehabilitation," he said.
9 I, O; D& ~2 Y6 k
' x( \6 ?' G+ H"This field is really opening up but it is very early days." % Q* O/ C& q6 ^0 Q) z8 O, b
+ m, A+ B( w- t2 XThe findings will be included in the summer science exhibition at the Royal Society in London, which runs from 1 to 3 July. 5 ?3 w, l7 L7 j: |! ]
6 {: _' K: m7 v+ b
Story from BBC NEWS:
( `0 B1 W* H( b4 j/ s8 l" e& X" g. x/ N
[ Last edited by victorw on 2005-2-24 at 06:22 PM ] |
|