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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
4 z0 L' T( L- L7 U2 n. VInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 B" o( Y( ?6 a3 I, i
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,: H. }5 [3 a3 K) {1 u
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
3 ~" p8 e5 n7 M+ D) B7 ]: @8 K4 P(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
+ s. _/ N% P+ Q3 mretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
- Q8 x, ^, K% \, O1 t9 P1 P9 ^8 nA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=- s1 r! u7 i( z& ?* V, T- N
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
6 G/ F) i t& \5 E, A) ^/ s(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving! z9 d! N C% b$ \. Y, x
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
) D: `8 y+ B6 n' B4 rpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
9 O/ A2 A& N, {(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two* G4 O* y; u$ ]4 u
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
' p% X6 }" x# J+ Z8 }/ q2 I: n2 Psemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.2 p& u* T- c P
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In; B7 T" Q) J9 c6 Z: e
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
9 d1 s! B" W0 Z. }3 Zthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla... M, l' }5 Q* [
7 {) Z' B+ Q+ _& c, D: ^ } d! {
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
6 i" E% E2 D ]4 c4 \and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
