 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The7 D1 Q* y1 P# k( b
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the; q0 V# l( h: ]4 v e: W0 Q
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,& r" H" r5 k$ E3 }# V
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial8 _! \# o* \0 L' k2 ]# Z4 w7 F
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of! w9 D8 k: U# q# Y4 g
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ }$ }4 K9 ~# Y7 Z" e- S, VA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
3 @, m0 h2 |' Q. ?7 r" F[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
5 Y p! s' [# D% Q u2 z# I* \8 {(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving. ]9 ?& i' ?. x+ r, c, {* m
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on9 h+ O f* Z, }8 {7 m7 B
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset2 [. \4 M- w+ J. z/ c
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
- c/ D" F& j' |0 Jsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 i! h6 Y3 X- F( e! D# x( b" @
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.1 t: k8 w" `% H- H
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In6 `8 n& ?( e- `1 V- p
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,* _- j% R/ @5 W1 }1 C7 ]
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
* N! L# k, S6 K% d; B
! d. _' {( r. a0 U2 B(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch) N( r; F+ r; q" B2 F i4 H! R
and American speakers of English, |
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