 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
$ U& ^8 L _$ R$ n4 `Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* v' R2 {6 k$ {6 Q& jsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,( r/ l4 d, _) x' ~ a( p4 k/ s
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
& ~2 e+ _5 h! C0 S' _/ l(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of# j! C; M* ^7 M
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)., d" q1 e9 ^: P. k( A; v
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
H& [# c- X$ E) r[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
. k+ c9 w2 s( `& s' w: ~9 @1 r(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving0 g" q% Z8 Q) p. P
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on: ?* o1 h0 X4 i7 @
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
1 n& L I/ F5 ~! R" y$ B6 l- `(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
* g d1 ~( D$ E& x s5 U ^segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a9 o5 @! Q2 X% [1 j) r5 b; U
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.6 K) Q3 ~+ l. Q& H r
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
0 h+ i- F9 L g, Zcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
, h& P( \& r. @2 L3 e) qthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.., R: Q- d4 V# k5 p
9 ], e* E; T. G* ~& \(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)) n1 t6 s- q2 f( d& B* ?# `4 L
and American speakers of English, |
|