 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The0 `2 W7 ?- d* n: ]
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
' P( g; Q7 k( v5 ?, lsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,4 F3 V1 M3 L7 C! _" l
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial+ z, W8 I5 T2 v/ u) D9 D( [
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
* X3 G; V! {* m* T0 Rretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).' J* \" U3 |7 Z0 |0 T; F* f- s4 J; S
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
; K8 A4 r8 U& j7 f[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
, M! ?) F0 ]( n! C/ [(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving3 z$ |) Z. J6 }# ?* d5 P7 {5 s
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
0 Y( @2 D' o& n8 t9 k2 _4 Ppossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
0 }; h7 @; m( e5 ?(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two4 q6 L9 `3 g$ W9 q& O m8 C
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
/ |) `' _. _( @ O/ Fsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
5 N3 I# v! u7 }5 ]% C, Y# yend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
+ m) h: @4 r: Zcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
$ u, y! x& W! I$ S6 o* U* u9 M7 `6 {the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
% }; _$ |; R3 G6 t4 Y; ^9 ~5 ~$ S! r7 z. \$ I4 `$ E$ B6 E
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
0 C# A# m y( ]+ D8 M) r5 aand American speakers of English, |
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