 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The, J y1 T3 |" b) l( m8 p# U2 e; e
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
, }5 `0 @" y- M o, @* ?syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
5 v8 S2 @, ^- T1 p! f d. }and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
9 R% _+ _5 O6 A- C(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of: }* d6 @; S7 G- I: A) Q6 r
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).( C& ?# f" A6 o
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=2 b y% c, a1 H G+ \/ z9 n/ X
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]0 p3 e& B7 W; K
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving& n* P' x1 K% e
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on) R: m: Y$ |5 w0 R# x9 ?
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
8 x# u8 C# R' L/ d: ?, [* J(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
8 N4 n. o% m2 O6 `' m1 j1 ?segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a% l1 q. ]+ X" d7 V1 W; ]
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
" X' r2 x" G2 j2 a+ g" Wend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In3 n* L$ h2 E: k/ Q' H
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,! n z" B7 K' K4 J4 C( i. @. k
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..+ l9 U" @2 ^7 J" F$ n5 b$ _
2 W# A& a! r) Z* Y7 O( @( `
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ j. M E! d. X W! a3 hand American speakers of English, |
|