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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
9 D6 U! i! I. m dInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
9 u0 ~; c! a; R5 m' Z8 T: W+ Gsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
' r Y: F9 e: v; n& p. zand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
7 n- i3 @4 J( m2 q* b+ m; E3 x(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
! G9 O8 y @ g" jretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
$ U e( G# A: a& t! D+ p4 o5 w" J3 gA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=/ W8 F8 N9 [" u7 ]) W2 p
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]0 C4 n! {" k- T+ V0 n/ W4 S0 E$ u
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
- Z3 n+ ?3 i: h. L' D4 nretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
% ]% p! u0 q3 u6 t+ T8 M/ dpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset6 r K, H8 @* m4 L
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two/ m" `0 l8 v, E* N+ X* `: c
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
6 o+ x( P- Y" w+ msemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.' j, O' m3 a3 {+ j8 Y1 m; u! `; @
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In5 L0 S) b2 |$ c. u' P
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
9 s. E2 Q, p* Q2 othe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
: W$ [, I* i( k$ `+ V3 ]1 P" i3 W) K/ e; V4 z" b1 U
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
- m3 T( o6 }0 G. p, fand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
