 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The; x9 @* J+ J Z3 {, @* {( L5 W
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the3 W5 f, B& f/ ], |4 P
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
) A& M- h2 l8 `and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
; B* x6 ^1 \4 I(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
0 L3 O/ w }: B9 v4 ]4 J: vretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).; w* u) `+ @9 V! j3 E
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
: t# O; z5 e' A8 S- y. q$ Y$ C[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]4 q# u0 e0 Q h3 A" Y( S0 d
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
- m6 w# z" H7 J7 G3 B1 x+ pretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on% D( a) D4 i' s# v5 H. z3 ~0 N4 E
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
# M" n, d2 I) \(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two( T5 [& M- E1 h/ \: Z b3 \! G
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a9 I# R, L, D/ L" U5 ?- s
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.7 k" U8 u( s5 G3 k; I6 Q: ^
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In/ Y V# W& W" d' U4 O9 Z8 x
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
( E4 z. t+ D+ B" S; v, m# @2 othe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
8 m) Y8 d! S4 w5 c$ b
1 C8 g7 h, ~- D(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)+ c/ _8 F: }$ a, \# w
and American speakers of English, |
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