 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
1 E5 @- f& |% w7 y7 mInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
8 ~8 L' M: w. U! \3 e: b% `syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
2 ?* A! V4 w/ A" ^( d, Pand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
7 p) X8 e# W+ ^9 c9 n(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
! U9 _8 C( N2 sretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).3 c/ H+ x8 I! n0 X/ S
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=0 ]. f- |5 Q) @2 b! H5 C
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
, k8 ]/ x# U8 ^! H$ _! |(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving: o7 K' f6 R4 }5 V
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on Q d4 p W, W5 j* M3 n
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
, i& X5 I4 t( I: Q7 E, U(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
k: ], @# j& L, q% qsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a* G1 T$ `3 m! z# g+ V
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.# S. A/ z8 s7 h% {. o3 J- n' h
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In" q0 Y" |+ `! v8 ?9 o# w
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,, s& t9 m" j& B) J
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..7 Y' T. L" p3 P: x" K
f% I3 f9 W" r z1 A$ v, A3 Y: t(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ t9 Y5 g }* B: V% @. w% yand American speakers of English, |
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