 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
. Y: L3 P+ C. kInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the Y6 x8 X; R% ~7 o5 `7 W9 l3 E
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
M9 I, N+ b! Sand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
! L) |, F6 K" |% _/ ]0 s" G8 m# j(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of/ Q/ {4 ]/ y- g$ `
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
2 T( {7 H* Q& J' L. a$ bA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
' O. y( S, i. b- L' k, `2 }& p[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
. P3 l0 O" e9 ?2 F7 ?(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving5 f( l' E: T' C& G
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
- c' `% `5 A+ b. z( J dpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset/ t0 ~: @) x' o( Q4 g: v" S
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two2 x) K# C6 W2 ~. B( D; Y9 p% ^
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a+ x) r; w m; d+ ~3 k
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.: X+ N+ Q- ~" Z: z" L
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
, }+ |/ m+ d/ }& J/ Ecompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,7 Q) v& y% }) |) p4 Q7 q
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.." H1 J0 d. v' [! k! Y
* ?/ K8 v) E4 X! e5 U6 V* \) f(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
0 x$ u% Y( j0 Y+ z* r! A( Mand American speakers of English, |
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