 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The5 j4 D7 y2 I6 R8 `
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
9 o3 l+ G4 `# }8 A7 L. l3 i3 N' l3 @syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
$ K+ _2 K& y( b4 B6 Y7 V7 gand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
& O- O& o/ @! t(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
: ?, P9 E9 X) L( ?retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)., E( p' H/ E& y7 [& O
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
& l- p6 e0 ^# d) h5 Y: q& _( n[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
! X* `6 @- e- K9 ]# ?1 b& A7 o9 j(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
1 p4 P G) q, _* a! [retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
9 m7 d% `. X5 h- K6 Lpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
9 p1 K+ ?! }, z- L+ ^1 e5 l(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
' S, m0 c) g/ @) Gsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a: O! U1 O, f l0 o1 k) i6 ? z9 L
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.( q5 y/ h( r2 v, \+ Z7 j* f
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In( `5 I! X r9 v: p" L6 X
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
3 n- t9 f5 x% k* }the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
x8 q4 i$ l1 H) `* J
0 ?$ u, d/ }2 D+ W(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
: g3 j1 H: Q& @- L$ @* \$ zand American speakers of English, |
|