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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The% T- S7 s$ g$ K) t
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
$ M' F9 F8 s8 ]- |syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
# c0 j7 y6 p _& {7 m2 iand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial/ p( B( ?0 z) l) n+ v/ ?
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of$ {" [% W' V! P2 ?! b
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
9 s8 X% l& z2 W4 f5 yA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=' T$ H8 _2 j2 [5 ]4 r8 r
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
+ y% c9 |, {3 i3 p. L9 }4 v1 Q(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving4 {: Q0 w! J N6 b
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on" P$ L9 D+ R: l
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset" B) v! J1 k! y$ f: n/ X- C
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two+ i# f/ i+ h. ~2 K
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
# y0 r0 v$ U! a7 R; p& f5 c( i8 bsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.* z6 u3 Y6 s+ X$ \. [4 J
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
) t; ]4 L m) {( G* ~compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
% F9 `$ r) V7 [: w) v7 y0 ]* Lthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..5 M/ S J$ N( [8 X3 `
- k f! D' j& h; S
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
) x+ [( d: w& ~6 zand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
