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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
! u4 m' Y/ ], G. {/ Z' {Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
/ W& ~' p1 ?( F& i# Gsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,( A/ |5 f) @4 {0 ?' ?; o
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
" r6 `1 k, o1 l3 R, x(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of8 Z$ U% H! w$ g. a' ^& z8 L
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
, S7 z: n7 u) V6 m, wA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=2 Q5 m5 g& r0 \
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
; r- f" N4 K3 a* @(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving$ ], E7 v/ u7 U& P+ r. ^4 v3 b0 `
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
$ z! G S% s/ }5 v) vpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset& W0 a% z6 y) g r7 x: ]
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
C& l2 F6 K( Ksegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
& y. o3 U t E C. dsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
5 v" l( M3 ]+ ?; r/ cend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In* N; @4 I; Z+ _
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,: [3 B# ^: ~ {1 G6 v4 d
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..% G( x0 V9 \, v7 c4 N8 V
n. \ m; Y, A6 L. K7 |( Q( ?
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
$ e8 q2 h; f% p5 c1 [' X& Sand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
