 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
, r/ w$ f3 n8 e% }+ S- h) x) JInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
; t: h# O! B8 Q6 L. bsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,2 R3 L/ ]! m8 H
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial5 C6 q8 g. _- I+ s, t, d) f
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of a( Z8 n* \+ r. c% S9 K- w3 m/ F6 r+ k( Y
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
+ e& V1 Q9 }4 RA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=+ ]9 E2 v8 _7 d+ J" j5 s7 B+ D0 O
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
: V0 e5 B# J! Q# I/ z+ N) H$ ?(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving6 \5 C2 N2 w, f
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on E( G0 r; i; [) l( |, r! ]( O7 Q
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
8 G, u. c' o2 q- U& w7 N8 l(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two* ]5 x& \+ l* o! v( {' u& p
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
; e" `8 H; u/ o" S/ Zsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.) a/ l* i0 @, W5 h7 `
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In6 H' l2 e/ H3 g! y7 q- a
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
9 o8 |0 r# E+ A8 ^the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..3 X3 z) d; m0 r" `- E) b4 Q6 \# I
; \0 c, c; l+ h1 v; V$ z
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
* L% B) K( U- i/ x" B0 m9 pand American speakers of English, |
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