 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
% @1 L4 Z4 D3 O8 t+ UInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the; J& ?9 y' E; K7 P" C0 C
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
; ~8 Q5 c1 d+ C. X: land uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
, c' D+ B0 Z# D: j3 t [(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of6 F7 F! c! C2 f, T: H9 ^7 @
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
# X, w P# }* D, K1 O9 oA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
7 N* C- G( S5 V* |" }& t[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
* G% M9 ]* {2 \9 w7 Q4 C(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving4 x0 ?/ t+ I' n7 K& Y( _; r. Q
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
& D" O+ L" h/ G8 \/ jpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset+ e$ W9 ^/ i+ i% y: C
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
, x8 u+ n2 k$ Q7 q6 H* i" K8 isegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 a4 g3 G6 d, ^- C
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e., V4 S2 ?6 i" L) i" S5 L
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In8 f; P2 c- K3 n: y) E2 w( _1 a5 [
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,. d9 d r: u& B1 M9 c
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla../ h% H- n& E$ _
7 t _8 O! b$ Q& E8 Q
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
9 U9 }/ x2 A7 I+ t t$ tand American speakers of English, |
|