 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The D) F1 Y) q' d7 U* I3 B
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the X* a9 R8 O! I- v- G) Y$ I, _
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
8 I1 q8 [/ M) Wand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial+ {/ ~& K, _2 w4 e; Z1 @
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of- O5 S( @+ t( [. Y8 y- A
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).( }$ M) p5 J) z- `$ U
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
8 ]* t/ n: O& x8 O[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
! s: b0 z. R$ U7 Z" K(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving! U( _4 c- p- B2 w. @: P1 b2 T$ b3 U
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on7 B+ m; e3 `5 B0 r' v
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset8 z, @5 J! k1 W# ~- d7 [2 _
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
C' k8 z2 h: k' _# _# Vsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
( |: q$ }! Y$ k. t1 G& esemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
6 K/ E$ b/ B; Dend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
* g) c3 h* t7 ?8 w& ?1 u. Wcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
# M9 K/ N" o5 z0 q' |- uthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
5 |5 T8 Q* M3 B1 M2 s
: ?9 I6 Y4 F$ g(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch): A( w9 S. B& Z1 S- v9 G2 M; T% j7 o* u
and American speakers of English, |
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