 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The2 [7 n( R* p2 a* p' f6 }$ w- s
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the! J: b- H M& c
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
( ?/ S( ~2 T" x7 C, Qand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial1 q, L; y& w4 `
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
1 c5 c: R' t+ U8 I4 Sretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
, B& ?) z) t% a9 a! fA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=( Q5 ^1 f# q; T
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]- A, `7 p2 j; i5 j0 n1 m
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving* ~8 O& T& R( i& `: d$ E
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on2 p& ?, B o* R# t5 `# E6 x
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
) a, ~) E! u2 G5 {! ^' h- m(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
. k# }8 k u2 E! a' m# W1 n5 Isegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
8 u7 V0 p/ R" I+ F0 J7 h" x6 nsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.0 O. B: {) A) x9 r+ \- X" O
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
. x: w6 [/ |" a+ `9 @compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
4 |; Z6 H0 u+ [9 U; Rthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..: }. B. ?6 \" \; D: ]) b ?
M2 j S0 {' F% v" X0 ?
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
' `) S0 y3 o4 Z# r4 M6 land American speakers of English, |
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