 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The7 W) ~5 A9 J$ H- i
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the4 h$ H+ e% m* X8 b: q0 o! H
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,& V2 Q; g: h/ D! u0 e: ~
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial4 `9 z. a Y$ q0 a. |5 W+ L; L
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of9 k: R9 o* [# i6 N9 L
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
& }, r6 D2 x$ i; ]. EA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=9 m7 \! U" s7 N, K
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]* Q" ?8 _& i2 o9 E% _
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving: _, M r2 R6 e' K6 Y
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on/ C0 p! @ M, S6 B7 _2 L! u4 B
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset2 I; ]9 L: Z0 M$ k. T6 g
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two; K* K2 g- t: O. ~
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
5 T6 O9 ]$ y! z1 vsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.7 q& ]! R/ w0 W% w: E- |% @% x
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In. G# K9 G2 U, Y8 [: i! }
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
1 |1 f2 [+ o+ i& Nthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..+ X$ {- K- c, z8 e
) G, M I3 F- H3 F w: b0 h(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)7 V( F2 a& h9 m2 c! \
and American speakers of English, |
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