 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
: l. ^7 G3 {8 e! R) dInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* H- N; E" B1 \& a; G% Z* Vsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,: N# R" c, i& h" O z( `
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
1 x( B. S# v0 g(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of. y- s& q) n0 e8 N3 E: N; H+ T
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
& p: ]3 ^+ U- c' i( |A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
1 |6 W% K- J, U8 t6 K1 o* E/ L# @' Q[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”] Y, M6 P# l* A: q) `
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving0 m( E) P+ ]" A0 B8 f+ Y
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on. A6 }& c2 g8 ~
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset( N& d0 A1 A- t: A4 V1 e I# s( p
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two" C* |# \$ T. N- n7 q6 F
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a: z' h+ H' |) T4 }/ q0 R
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
3 g. J4 V \/ e; Oend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In" J; ^. V; J0 G0 h* R E/ R' ^
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,4 K/ @& Q8 g4 `. m; v
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.." b: F6 s4 e7 }; R. d" p+ d
f) f" L( ]4 R( o(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)* L# F) w/ C& D5 Y1 O: S, `
and American speakers of English, |
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