 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The- [5 N6 j. P* y8 ^( s
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* \+ ~3 F5 C5 C1 d: y+ ?9 ysyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
4 ]" H; L1 p" ~8 r9 @+ w& r# S* tand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial" b- w" ^& i& J
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of2 ~- }# j+ {5 y3 R0 K' p
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
& `2 c9 d h7 m$ S! R8 l5 k6 TA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
# l' D) w) O% u: |' t8 i7 A[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
5 r/ y& V) [1 L( y, i(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
# H W1 C' Y% `6 Mretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on- m4 v) n0 k) U" [
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
$ }. E; U' i$ A9 H" F" }* q(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
+ [0 O) U4 t) F2 q5 @segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a8 r2 l* d4 V6 B' [0 M
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e., u5 Y# I9 j8 c- B+ ]
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In& `$ |& r0 s4 m, I" k
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
9 C. k0 h3 u j% ]* Hthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..7 u: }$ S' g v; v- x
1 s9 W5 S- U0 G# m7 _; a(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)& C" h a' u1 B: x0 L8 q( i
and American speakers of English, |
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