 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The5 ^- ?; q8 h# c& F( [
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the5 t7 F5 D$ {) x5 F2 B+ j
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
8 M4 M0 X3 W' G. Uand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
- B1 l; s7 F( g5 h3 l(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
/ o$ E1 C" B' F9 o' ? W8 k6 uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).2 b3 O; [5 j8 T1 E7 G' h3 J" _( n
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=- {# _4 o. Q. s# R/ u& B) \2 E4 q
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]" r$ {: l9 d2 {' O$ v; |
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
1 z$ a) t3 G' g( a. gretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on. R$ Y) B6 v9 I" e
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
; _1 F5 E% K; M2 S(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
4 p8 d- L1 b/ }1 d0 d) i6 I9 gsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a3 H# ]4 ]6 w, ~: i4 M2 _: i
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.4 C. \1 V- O3 K9 y
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In# _( h* b6 ~; u: f
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,0 g# x5 u, C% N- @
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..) B# y0 A$ w1 b" }2 {8 G* O0 Q1 X7 ?: h
! N/ c, w* g% m3 g& H$ B3 T
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
" W9 X$ w! E# A1 h8 S; p- l8 s+ Yand American speakers of English, |
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