 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The" I; v5 q j' Z2 w' |3 |
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
/ Y1 B4 c4 _) E* G s4 nsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,8 f. M1 H9 g7 M( p8 U
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
/ [: Q4 y, C9 ?! x$ k0 A' r(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of. S$ I" l4 P5 x5 T6 z- b, b( E
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).4 n. v% L% v) I! x; D% g1 F2 c1 R" K
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
* a( ` I# K! P& Q" F- T2 v2 d[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
( `5 Y1 x6 Q* h1 {(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
) y" j: k" ^: i2 B( v4 rretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on8 Y# b6 E0 s1 c& O6 B4 d
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset2 T5 u9 }4 z7 u( `" w
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
4 e" x" }+ h" C: [! q' P* m qsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a# M; |* n7 `' t9 x3 ^
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
8 j8 ~8 ]8 h1 T( bend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In+ ^3 ]3 i* \9 t' {
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,* R5 } ^$ ]8 ~* _. }0 G
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..8 K/ K8 e* ?- l# y
; w& t. X" y; {. B9 Q2 M5 M
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
4 `9 l' u% L* z" z, b+ s1 B* n' }and American speakers of English, |
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