 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
, `+ s2 o; q8 v7 nInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the/ F. c+ N& @+ X
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,, P) z | b' s. x o# [
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial% a' J0 ~, `3 [' ^9 s
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
% H) J Q9 w0 I5 R6 o5 Zretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ M F' @+ ]) i T6 v& zA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=9 ?. e3 ]3 X7 ]) i) ^6 I2 i
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
4 q& T/ m" x! {' y: m(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
2 q0 z+ H, t& y. F" m9 ~retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
- x9 g' g( U+ f( n- V/ s! u: Z3 ]possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset8 w9 }5 Q9 ]6 [1 v8 {3 ~5 Z3 @: g
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two) h0 Z( }+ s9 ]9 O7 N: `
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a0 \8 c, j1 j3 ^5 ^9 ]2 ]1 V
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e./ i7 p- i0 _: I. W: B4 r" D C
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In. v# ?& M. F6 o
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
8 ^5 ^$ X, F6 {# zthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..( P k& w! }1 `6 E" _4 I
* j3 Q3 E4 k6 E' G6 a2 J; I(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch): o+ z3 J5 U+ d3 f
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
