 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The) k' S6 O9 u* Q9 r$ F3 Q
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
, b0 w* I; C* r3 i: k+ Xsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
: @( ? x" y' X' L H. A+ {and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
) t0 k9 \! Q; g) d(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of' k9 u1 u; E3 B" j8 r- t( W
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).) W* M. W% e+ k; S+ e' ?
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
* K2 c9 Y p" B7 A! Q: I[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]7 Y, W, L' u: i5 U4 j! Q/ ]; s
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving0 B- g M- L8 j' x& m+ l7 u
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
3 v9 t4 a: W# v& k ^9 x& o: b4 Upossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset3 I1 A6 d4 C% P7 U! T+ g( [5 o
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
( `8 y! u2 c1 G0 r. L9 s- u# Csegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
( g' @/ G5 l! l2 ^# Xsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.% `/ p7 @( C9 a& }6 J7 {5 k
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In& T; L3 [8 u% o* ]+ ~$ o' y. P
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
: }, S$ c- y$ C" D1 Q& J; Wthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
& S- t/ M4 g8 R* d1 Z5 Y' V/ a2 G/ z9 v7 k/ B
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
2 l% g2 O5 F+ Y, H( Dand American speakers of English, |
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