 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The2 \6 d3 F: I( Y2 E8 s
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
3 } ^: t2 o" m4 N2 fsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
! q4 V0 T Z+ Z$ h# S3 X, tand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
. }: p3 r( W3 w! k! ~(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of% U! t& A; \. {2 e) u! c! ?$ u
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).5 K$ G/ X% J3 s1 K1 x
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
/ k. Q* K+ n3 ]! h[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
9 }2 H/ t( j% p(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving! d5 w r- J: G: T7 \0 g* Y; `( y6 |
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on& d6 N, k5 R/ I1 N; Q. J& `6 J1 T2 H
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset( i8 o' S6 B# t( W; b) f
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two$ x0 _! ~& X6 q* Z
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
$ B0 ?2 A& a. S8 ~# o d" Psemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
: p5 j* l/ S( ?4 f) r$ fend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In% V+ ~! }2 M4 M& @9 v' e4 d" C, n
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
4 D+ V# B2 N/ P0 J" o. Wthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
% J" d D8 I& T. Y1 l4 k: p6 ?% R
/ |* C" }- q4 l6 t% \(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
2 s2 Q6 y3 i( l- rand American speakers of English, |
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