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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
3 L& K6 Z7 U4 R8 u. nInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
K$ A( ]4 x D9 `/ m& O1 U, ?6 i) Isyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
' O" s7 H' m/ ]$ @) I7 A1 Wand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
/ ~# E- y, X8 S8 {! K(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
" d) |' \: }3 S* \! Cretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).( y, x5 b9 V: c' t7 U# J
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
1 h" ]- y. i4 X( r9 ?[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
' v6 W+ ~9 {0 M; e* b$ \2 r9 I(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving/ Z/ A$ F* W1 j/ z- ]
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
) w/ `6 C+ [$ e5 f0 }possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
~8 M+ K' Q. H4 {/ d(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
/ p0 _1 A2 y2 ^+ X. N7 _8 psegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a7 H8 n: G) E+ [6 U8 o
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
& n& q; V; P; @) e& I# Send with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In7 [+ D, Q+ n, f4 E. ~ z6 U
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
8 m3 e S2 l2 E8 l' {9 Hthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
8 r: L' n+ Y) ]3 @6 ^0 |$ ?- k* M
( P6 C6 @) O' V: D7 f# l(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch), C$ X4 d9 F( f4 r* d
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
