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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
2 L% e/ S4 m0 y5 _8 bInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
0 u S8 P1 `' bsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
7 n8 g* Y% g' G( n1 S Cand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
* v/ p3 {( E! i( k4 \; C(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
2 l2 d0 Y# e4 r( rretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
: w( l- t/ L2 e$ M! i- iA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
! f$ p; s4 X) [& l& i' j0 y[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
7 j; F3 q( d8 Y6 X" Z( R" U(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving" ]1 @: p3 d# N* ?7 q0 ^
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
9 [# m2 u3 s0 H* R. m5 Rpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
2 j: S1 b6 z4 z(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two S+ `& ?7 f# w6 U6 j
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a, [! b5 y! O" l# ]
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.2 ^8 ]: f2 n( x# c
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In3 J! l6 m, D& O) T* J, [/ s
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,9 I' M' F# ]4 z1 r
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
% C2 c( p) B- O( Z) B7 w9 W: l! O3 R7 x* ^) h+ V* B+ z: \2 I9 |
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
- v3 U, Y2 j; i+ M* H1 r$ j! r' sand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
