 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
( `, b& G4 y& H5 [Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the& y; d/ H5 _& y9 j. S
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,1 n* L0 f8 e8 ~) s* V0 p6 G
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
6 U' {/ A- H- k( B(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of1 b4 X, ?. t$ S7 F- C4 o
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).1 Q) o( N/ ^; M. o2 `
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
' ?, q- s# }: u. {9 j[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]" `5 k6 c( }' }
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving3 b& X. A! y, d, M
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
; q; Y1 Z) Q5 H, \8 d2 upossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset+ \$ `: Y( G& U2 L
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
7 [1 @8 m( x, V/ \segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a+ b4 ~2 g# B! S( z
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.# a' a, m: _( f& a& O. N
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
3 w3 {4 P: m; ?# Gcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
. W1 x3 H% p% B' x$ K/ f; lthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
4 Y, M M+ Y5 m- S( I
. M' e, y/ |* H7 p/ r(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
; o Q6 r: D' X' M% Y5 e$ jand American speakers of English, |
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