 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
! z- `9 g8 q, X0 ~. d6 z, ZInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the. \8 q; h* ~: c/ s) [" c
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,* \# B y& x; X+ E0 \9 y6 c
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
1 n& r/ b- i% N; E. r(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of: N+ k2 @0 t+ r" U. m) |+ x
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)." v+ n( _. h; b1 _/ ~& Z# N+ C
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=2 l4 Q1 D" i$ L( H0 O" G
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
. e& l! u5 {1 T7 K(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
) R/ O1 w+ g& k7 Uretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on; D( D0 `' w2 s( L8 z. e/ |
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
4 E0 r3 V& Z) G, _(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two P; n! \: q% ?5 S, m
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
" a* Y2 e. l5 T( Z! W3 D' k, \semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.5 w6 B% c: r) R6 w7 X, P+ ^# C
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
! A# O: X( K1 b, B& ~# tcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,$ K7 Y8 I2 Q/ `$ F
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..( ?% d! K& K. N& q
$ [1 N0 S1 Y9 e) s5 e8 ` {5 Q
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
7 X) j2 @5 ] G% ]* iand American speakers of English, |
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