 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The% @ R) D- f9 c3 T, }& E) X: \2 [
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the8 X! C. Q k u. R4 c
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,0 x: P. q+ @. \( A8 h
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial" ^( _; L) m+ x( k0 C/ @
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
6 N3 {. g2 L' |6 E3 O9 Uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
r- T( P: ^+ W( X& PA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
# V1 t0 X; `9 o0 ][y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]9 C* a2 z8 y- c8 ~0 K
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving9 A& [0 N7 q: e2 {
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
% L1 F0 B* Y: Z& C/ Epossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset1 r L# h4 I5 k% b; ]6 V: y* p
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two P9 Y6 ?- y7 V5 Z
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a, x h* d, p& R2 a, ^% p2 k
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
& N3 U W/ I8 ^1 }2 eend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
0 i2 D; W( Q5 }. K: f5 j- g- z. G4 Zcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
; O& F @: v" G6 ]- f- W, P( Jthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
' A0 E: f6 n' L; N( ]# N0 ?4 z
4 T% }0 O& j- m) u/ D0 _0 C+ r8 n(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)7 }- s& l5 @' T0 A
and American speakers of English, |
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