 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. \8 n4 r& ]& \8 X9 K+ ?
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
! b/ N2 }' n8 zsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
7 w, f1 |+ H; g9 ^and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial R* Y9 n! m1 P- U6 L |
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
+ m$ u4 Q1 @: F9 \$ Uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).$ Z' I! A# ?& \
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
* j4 S& r9 c/ {; M[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
0 T7 M# B* P' Q, U" o8 B(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
4 v" x3 \9 {0 C1 v3 w* w: D- \retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
N1 d; C5 `$ G n( w% zpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset5 N( ]8 n" v! s* ^1 G8 p" L
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
7 x* S2 P" a4 R$ [segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a0 p3 y) z% f3 [1 `" [+ o
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
" U6 g+ \! s& J- r; R& Z$ a8 e4 Nend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In0 e- ]! w/ u, `/ d( @7 g
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
# x+ b- U* i# m; N+ ?+ Kthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..6 ^) x# W' R5 q. {7 q
( R% S; K# \& v
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)/ {3 Y5 l1 S% A% Y" ~5 T
and American speakers of English, |
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