 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
" v+ j2 @; b- k* _# \$ C) [Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the+ G' L! a3 Z) d& R' n p; d
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
2 A; _, w7 y1 b' B$ T- d, @and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
& ^ v8 x# v7 j+ q+ A(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
5 D7 n6 G; D6 H8 @9 z* ]retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).: F" p- X0 J( O/ \3 N! s8 @
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=1 W/ G Y2 Q5 I- J& K" v4 n& F
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
7 K2 F7 d: v9 o# K! k# m$ V(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
" h% ?6 K; g+ r# Q0 r3 P4 @* hretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
2 l: x/ U8 U" F- F2 @1 }* u& p$ K* Vpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
( R" r6 q( T8 i: q. c(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two' K6 \& c3 x1 B# f/ K7 w
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
* |0 }8 A% l6 {/ p8 l1 p, J1 w$ asemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.# r+ ^1 N e" O9 C' e+ v+ ]
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In1 v0 \, F8 D/ X; @! U2 [
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
$ \# A8 b* z4 X/ \( sthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.. w" |* N( k2 w$ i$ |9 v
$ ?6 b* Q4 o" e5 o8 f; \/ `(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)3 {% C$ }9 O2 f
and American speakers of English, |
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