 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
! _( j7 z. p; G! eInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
5 k5 B; G. Q' Y! ^' ysyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,5 E' K7 W: @+ u6 `. A8 @; r7 ]
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
) F" ]; m% z5 A: p" D4 g% g(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of4 s) p F6 m0 X k
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).& E O k, j! j& |- N9 V
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=; P& u# O2 Z6 ]( [7 Q
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
2 C. G; x2 O( N0 V @$ u" T0 @1 K(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving& N# _" \/ v; V/ C
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on, H: O- m7 `2 [" Q, A( \
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset, C& m& ?! \, q
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
) S/ x2 x) U6 \2 v& H% `: Gsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a6 _# {+ {9 C/ H) |
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
' T9 A5 \8 Y- H5 hend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
3 R+ E5 j$ o" Y( m) `- u6 t' q) Q8 Bcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
, R$ F. X) `9 b1 b( A! t; ?the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
( j3 `7 r3 H. S, T2 [/ L( @/ S& S9 ~: {2 ~) ^
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)7 ?0 X. X/ q5 f' q% h
and American speakers of English, |
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