 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. b: e& q, H4 G8 @! x
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
$ z* e4 @+ D, R T ^* A5 w8 `syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
& Z$ w1 i8 q1 P- r6 mand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
$ x: Z3 ~! N9 y# Z: c5 d(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of- w; s' Y/ s% f( i4 Z* c: y
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).9 T- B* e9 p1 a- j
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=" k1 ^4 C, Q* N4 p
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
( Z+ }! S: d# o( i9 v(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving! z% A7 ]7 ~, _+ s
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
2 e, r# R; l9 @9 fpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
/ z, V( a( m# A1 ] Q; E/ c# @(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two, Q6 @, G9 a p
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a* s v9 B3 f# q6 z: n6 b1 C/ f
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
% c# A+ M3 B6 n$ C4 S* j6 c- \end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In" B3 z+ w+ _% U+ t0 I, w7 ~
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
1 C6 v8 p; ^' u! _+ ]( s8 L8 k* h0 @the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..5 g6 a( s: x5 C6 K2 n
# C6 x# v* ?1 P% L) L& x( b(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)9 x3 g# M& Z u6 [
and American speakers of English, |
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