 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The2 v) z6 x" Q& ^9 K2 ]
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the. x+ l5 t6 C. x7 M+ C X7 @
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
8 g* J9 o$ T* P0 P Q* M5 Q Sand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial( [9 R' ]9 R4 D$ }7 {, G0 I, L; \
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
5 o0 @4 U6 N5 Z. Sretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
+ U; _. T/ ^% a! J1 dA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=/ ?5 l' i, A: @: r" m% A3 z
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
9 `+ r! x% ^7 \" q: i; f6 h- J% L(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
3 L1 R& F! n( v. q* C8 o/ u- s: B! {retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
3 C, l: h: e) u5 s) z, Vpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset% ]1 d/ P- y& w" s$ [
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two1 q, F* O, S+ W% X
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
$ f$ E- M/ s4 y& f9 T+ d# M6 Ysemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e." q \6 D- \ e* P! O6 a
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In5 k. M; Z& b5 r! }) T9 M( G
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,. ]. h7 P9 B: V+ `
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..& Z" V1 l- a! i# L0 x0 v
4 ^7 y9 q3 q) m: {9 V& v; W9 D$ V(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)* l! ~& b( s, @) c2 J% [1 e7 X! {+ P
and American speakers of English, |
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