 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The) T) M/ M& F" p6 ^5 m; @
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the$ F5 a2 L# ^" U; T
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,; D+ m- Q6 E9 E# K; N9 Q5 J$ W( ~
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
. W- j8 Z( S0 d: L5 t(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of8 t1 G3 @4 U3 }' b& p8 [# o" p
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
3 b; Q+ T* w, D/ lA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=0 u( ?- K. n& ?3 t4 Q3 \: _
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
2 g( N+ b& A0 Y+ s(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
+ l: @! i; u" k* tretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on! b. z5 ~* `" N; `/ ?1 n
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
6 ^) E, M+ t% D, y* a, s0 U% t4 _& X( k(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
6 M$ F, I* v: `5 ~' fsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a4 ^! C1 z2 w$ \9 I+ h9 |( p! N8 S
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.9 Z3 \& @& G' [
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In( z" O* G: B) H9 C9 O
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,9 P( ^0 p* t$ x( j Q- J. W
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..! ?. c; L3 N6 S: S/ n
8 p% }- z$ i* Q+ Y9 d" G- s
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
; k# P( u: y: \0 J# uand American speakers of English, |
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