 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The9 J7 M( Q2 |& N1 |! r
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
+ p! ?' b+ z3 |- X( j& d9 e: bsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
$ h: {2 y6 q! X" d. vand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial9 C G; v# J' r
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
6 R/ g, Q5 D1 o. E$ o0 J/ z: _retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
( v( z9 |, i, s+ e' cA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
V, {8 m( R" n1 d) ?" h4 q" V[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
7 J9 i0 G5 H6 S4 I8 O* S9 B(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving; @. \. A$ h( g
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
: h; R; b9 m& ~$ D9 e2 U1 apossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset2 u7 L; ]/ i$ N1 O: W
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
D% b' Y" Z; J6 w! v/ ]8 Ksegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a, b% C9 C8 M2 L. i
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.7 {/ X. Z2 Z: N+ @+ y
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In( L% S- V% q, W/ Q5 K
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
6 u! v9 [3 q/ ] rthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
7 H; B' h) i3 [. V4 z4 `
2 {7 d( O1 l- E7 R/ Q: u(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
$ `" v" ]+ m: U* nand American speakers of English, |
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