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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
+ i% U$ ]+ F$ X0 h% N9 z+ i" {& `Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* l" H' X* }* ~9 B4 Jsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
& l% y# z, }( {1 fand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial4 e4 j; K( t, r+ f
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of9 ~7 e9 w& U* P) i+ L
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
4 r9 W8 P3 Y# N) B6 |0 oA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
) {7 s/ A, r, U# L/ b5 Y* H# k[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]1 X; }# `7 d! i* n, s1 Y% n. u0 f
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving* G) S6 `6 z6 \- W2 u. Z
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on# k7 S1 U- N! E: d: G. i
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
3 g# H; a# g0 f( N(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
+ J( N& i8 M( g% n! Ksegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a/ j; Y9 u; h2 I4 n
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
; i1 V0 U7 q5 ~9 G6 D) G* uend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In. ^' u) k* W6 |; x$ U$ w0 V
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element," w0 W2 i0 Z2 r& p
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..' M; O" p- Q8 d( H- ]. n9 C' j
7 f, V# t; V4 r9 W6 n2 f+ J(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)9 z3 }( q* k9 k. \8 U
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
