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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The7 L% G$ K1 a7 O, B
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
/ A8 r# ^! ]- Lsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,7 o/ v- E. n& e; o' r
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
' m! s* P% R/ I- s5 v7 b4 `(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
- B8 ~9 V1 f" X& Vretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
" i# [9 u' Q: n! o- ^, XA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=0 h6 P. m/ e5 v3 g( B0 J' ^
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]8 l$ S2 y) v- `4 D4 `( ? @, ^
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
$ G+ `+ W; J( J. Z, f( T7 I2 uretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
$ T) X; C) K) j( X: Q% J5 c6 tpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset m$ d0 L/ {5 p$ I, f
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two6 Y6 [8 r* H* Y$ h5 l9 z# S
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
. _4 o1 `' M4 f! K d! `& ssemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e." O* U& T x, s) F0 `$ N! R
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In/ e4 y0 o+ e- @4 [
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,+ U9 D. C7 q" j% r) _
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla... D2 v. V0 t Q5 k0 G. o
7 j L4 f3 N" r' Z0 t0 y' W(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
8 ~- j4 @' u: e' Cand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
