 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
' d$ Y5 I d2 l& V$ Q8 u: T; T: Q9 nInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 E/ [( r" v8 Y2 c, G$ E5 t0 S
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
$ @5 v+ h# W. {1 V, K' _and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial- {5 F) o) G) T; E* x
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of. z; [6 r" b7 y' b
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
0 M+ \, W" d# @! @( Q7 u& N/ B" [A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=' P. z! ^" F7 D
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
" }, w3 {( ~4 `& n! ?( A(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving; @* W1 K& l& ]' s7 @$ A- s. B
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on0 p. T( b3 C( V% D8 Y
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
* g% h, C! D* a) R4 l; `(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
- k& g4 u0 {' F- g! V! Hsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a- @3 B- L# L2 W: L
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.9 @0 j- N' E7 z! S0 w6 Q& \/ }
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
/ Z. e0 w" G i1 I4 xcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,& p! [0 w0 G+ M9 V* {( z5 _) j
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
; B4 H9 q2 _( E4 K4 A1 x8 p0 T# i$ r3 W3 o* d4 X' B# K9 k: W$ [
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch), i, o3 ^) {4 I5 p4 u3 s4 {' F
and American speakers of English, |
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