 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
# R& F! [1 G. UInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the# T% C$ D9 [9 s* M0 g
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
" C/ w7 x+ v x; }7 Wand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
) ~) J& _. |, L4 \; U# v; e$ r(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of4 I# P* _4 t3 B( o( d- `
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
1 F6 u9 |" R0 z" _$ O; uA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
/ q8 E! Z& ]8 t0 e[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
1 H0 e E6 G+ u, H) O- X(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
: D; v2 n: g( p! W8 `) D/ m, sretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on( C! w7 X+ Y; J+ r% D
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset5 d2 Z$ E* G) s1 y& n
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
. Y) q/ I: z# h$ e* U2 s$ t' Msegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
) p% |5 w6 ~! @: gsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.7 R1 r v: G m5 {
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
& V+ R& ~# w) @8 \: _# Zcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
5 ]6 N$ B3 x" \ i5 Q- X5 ~the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..7 f+ v8 [; B2 u* s/ f& B' ?
' d) w' c( S' k5 J. u# i' L9 A(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)* q" G6 S9 a& M9 s: R
and American speakers of English, |
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