 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
, a! h' O/ B/ A& D. rInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
. P# o2 E3 ~4 `" B0 r, j' b2 }4 ~syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,, l* _6 i# {) H" R' @
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
/ j2 Z# Y/ V9 H v(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
% B% P* h8 Q9 ]# k$ S7 U0 Vretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
& _( o. D) H6 P0 T* |) RA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=2 O% I& i; n" g" j: ]: d8 z
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]9 T" T7 ~ i% w# B' s
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
$ S' Z8 z4 ^; c% R' K+ ^: J; sretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on0 X; { j% V* }( y
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
$ E# U6 u4 A# }(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
" A9 T: l3 P `- Fsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a. d/ J4 }) ~8 T9 ^$ l, B
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
% o5 @3 p9 U' s( a6 G# cend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In, G4 u/ Z, |, A. Z& F# I+ s
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
8 J L! k4 T4 i8 S5 Z) `the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
, L7 E& P9 e! c9 N( W! s! B
. U4 U' J+ G4 s(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)8 A+ U8 I8 _6 z! R" K6 Z
and American speakers of English, |
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