 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
! _0 z! X% L8 x3 }: y* G# w# C0 m; GInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
, ? k; z3 {( a# zsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,) F% ~/ q3 y5 z% I# \
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
3 _5 ~5 C& b* i% G2 R4 }0 S- p(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
d+ S! i" J* k* z4 L+ l- q& ~# gretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).( x: @3 U4 c! H' g, ]7 e
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
/ C2 [1 p: U S8 e. ?[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
8 w2 f# O; r3 e c" {) r/ ~(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
/ \7 N5 n8 L; o0 [retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on6 {/ f0 r$ E' L. r+ B, t9 _+ U
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
+ `2 ]; I6 `4 R9 J: o/ q: L7 g(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
! V" @- q' {& g z; a* nsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
7 z0 T3 N) y9 y, ^ jsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
) Y$ J7 G; g9 v6 @; Zend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
* ? G7 G9 m& D, d+ _1 A: C2 ycompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,, K- l# _0 z+ o+ R2 M# D
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..! D4 w# K" `6 y
4 K* X& C9 A, z' c D2 a
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
/ E/ ^( I2 i) s1 M Gand American speakers of English, |
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