 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The- q# ?0 k1 |; p3 g8 X
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the# |5 U: k/ O7 ~5 s) ?
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,. m' v1 D% p; p* |5 n
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial: d7 J* ?1 a: |. ^
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
2 u7 Z: b- p. O' i1 Kretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)./ C+ b. C9 u; _4 d) O7 n% p% f' p. e
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
2 S7 |7 G" \$ _' N/ n, A5 V[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
( n9 ^ o, X4 S( l(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving" }1 s8 G& g( t* H* H) e2 Y5 G7 O
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on& U" D/ g6 t, X% z N5 e
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
, y% w: B& n% i5 d- ]/ \. B7 B(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two; Q3 w# A# K# N( v. F
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
k8 |7 u; B" X8 s3 Isemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
# i5 W2 `, t9 R0 d9 Z, h& m' cend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In5 I5 e% A n% V n
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
6 A* q, G1 t2 Q- v; nthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
% N& |/ Z2 H; U8 ?- x/ K- Q# x5 h! T& y8 i! {) P+ l
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)& t' U1 ~) e. u
and American speakers of English, |
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