 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
" U; \; d1 p+ g( TInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
, [ W$ z+ {7 i% Psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,$ }, R h9 ~, l1 q
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial. y$ D7 _, r0 l, ]. r
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of7 j! ]+ _" y9 R" ?. O
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
* O) s( h/ k& w9 h8 h' ?" r; g8 OA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=9 I: x; g5 z* ~$ }" A0 K+ b6 i* l, L
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]! F( D- A/ F5 r- y0 p5 c$ q
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
8 W" Q; a$ i3 o4 m5 E9 G' iretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on# ?4 A, T- T0 g0 V5 W4 @8 Z
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset- z: p$ r' n+ {$ Q0 Y
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two* w& ~6 F8 H) ~( X. ]
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
( \! C& ?# n/ q6 Ysemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
( I2 j0 `5 q! O9 I% [. ?end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In: p+ }2 M) y% q& o
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,( Q3 Z8 I, g. w& M' k- f
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
# [9 Q A5 t0 m4 E/ _8 @2 y* Y
9 H/ n5 _# B+ ?' h(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch), j+ A+ ^$ ^1 _- Y. O9 I
and American speakers of English, |
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