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发表于 2009-5-20 21:54
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5、学点西方谚语,了解西方文化0 A# t7 L) K% X% Z# K
1)Man proposes, God disposes.
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[8 L N7 ?, p6 M5 a8 F, C5 M这个说法最早见于14世纪,起初以 “If man proposes evil, God disposes of it.” 的形式出现, 意思是上帝会阻止想要为恶的人。这里的God, 既可以指上帝, 又可以指天意。 就像我们常说的“尽人事, 听天命”、“谋事在人,成事在天”一样, 尽力而为之后, 还要顺从自然的规律。 毕竟,人类是自然的一部分, 凡事皆不可强求, 与自然的和谐是人类的生存之本。 : f: v# X% z2 d7 D
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A: Bob, how about tomorrow’s driving test?Sure to pass,huh? 9 X; R. ^6 c: O5 t3 h
f, }1 z3 ^1 LB: I don’t know. I’ve done enough, I’d say. Anyway, man proposes, God disposes. I am praying for good luck.
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6 O, P0 C @+ F4 h% K/ S/ e6 a2)It is a sin to steal a pin.
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该句的字面意思是: 即使是偷一根针也是一种罪过。还记得那句古训吗?“勿以恶小而为之, 勿以善小而不为。”冀望之切,溢于言表。不要因为犯的是小错就可以听之任之。 # |% b2 I0 f: S7 F
. N) M" a1 a% V: K) X7 {eg: Honesty is the best policy. Never covet what is not yours, for it is a sin to steal a pin.
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3)If you play with fire, you get burnt. & X Q6 P4 r, x# c
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正如西方谚语所说:Fire is a good servant but a bad master. 4 \' B# c4 v# O5 f( A+ e, @
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火在人们的掌控之下时是人类股掌之上的可爱精灵:篝火给人温暖,烟花处处讨人欢心。可是一旦它的力量过大,就凌驾于人类之上,再不受人的掌握。权力亦是如此,当它逐渐膨胀不可收拾时,就成为一个暴戾的君王,统治人们的言行。所谓“玩火者必自慰”,铤而走险的盲目举动会招致无穷祸患。 8 i: i" o+ I. p% H* c6 F2 v
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eg: The abuse of power has sent many people into jail, which shows that playing with fire could get you burnt.
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4)Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold. 8 {. i+ x7 y7 Y3 \) h( G
- ~6 g2 g8 Q! C; C7 F! H很形象的一句谚语。所有的菜肴都必须趁热吃,唯独revenge是个例外。“君子报仇,十年未晚。” 2 C% F0 B6 j: @9 I+ n/ I1 J5 L
9 t$ z& j) ?1 k6 S/ s( D/ _" F0 [0 heg: He has done serious wrong to his friends. You just wait and see. They will not let him go scot-free. Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold. }5 {, V& d* i1 o( f, W
3 h1 y" F2 G5 P. U; v5)There is no smoke without fire. 3 Y/ D1 e# u0 l/ l) E( s
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无风不起浪,有水才行船。任何事情的发生都是有前兆的,“流言”的兴起有时也不完全是无中生有。虽然说是“坐得船头稳,不怕浪来颠”(相似的西谚是“Do right and fear no man。”),但风起于青萍之末,一只蝴蝶扇动翅膀就可能引起大洋彼岸的一场大风暴。做人、谋事,谨慎为佳。
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/ e6 r4 ?$ \# [; yeg: "No smoke without fire," said the detective. 8 i$ ?* y- R g
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"Smoke signals can be misread," countered Sloan.
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6)Every dog has its day. ! W4 @! _6 R3 R9 E+ ` f/ D
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这里的day,是指opportunities, 即成功的机会;而dog 则泛指那些地位低下、似乎没有出息的人。“士别三日,当刮目相看”,落魄的人若发奋图强,总会有出头之日。
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1 Q3 \2 \# L; R) }7 U u/ U0 n& r(又作All dogs have their days。)
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eg: You must not look down upon him. Though poor and gloomy. he could turn out to be outstanding one day. As the saying goes, every dog has its day.
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7)If you lie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas. ( j! ?' [* x/ u$ k% k
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这是一句很经典的谚语,也就是我们中文里说的“近朱者赤,近墨者黑”。 在这条英文谚语中体现出来的只是“近墨者黑”的一面。虽然中文里还有成语“出污泥而不染”一说,但环境对于人的影响仍然不可小觑。 : t+ [: S( x2 Z
2 K% J6 _4 ?6 |3 N2 Ue。g。 -Harry! How come you’re back so late? Where’ve you been?
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: G1 a+ L5 [/ k-Just to a friend’s.
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-To a friend’s? Just for a glass of liquor, huh? You’re going to be drowned in liquor, I’d say! If you lie down with dogs, you’ll get up to find yourself with millions of fleas! $ L' f& |8 |9 M2 v
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8)It is easy to find a stick to beat a dog.
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, B. B, [$ U. E: ^5 N( _人非圣贤,孰能无过。人们总会犯一些错误,也许做者无心但观者有意。有些小人,自己抱残守缺,不干实事,却挖空心思,找别人的缺点和麻烦。欲加之罪,何患无辞? 6 ?" w( f+ w! v+ k2 ?
6 Y9 l" ]0 i, h. g& _eg: -Did you know that Jeff’s been fired?
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-No. What for? + ^0 m% L, A9 r( M" W& p: {
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-Jeff sometimes had ideas different from our boss’s. " G& W2 d5 L$ R( X
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-Yeah, but Jeff hasn’t done anything wrong, has he?
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: r X' v( ]8 _" O-Well, boss is boss。 It is always easy to find a stick to beat a dog.
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9)You can’t teach old dogs new tricks.
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这句谚语说的是:人老了思想容易僵化,对新生事物很难接受。 1 S' u* Q! z2 ~' d
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eg: Don’t forget Wang is already 80. At his age, you can’t expect him to learn the tap dance. You can’t teach old dogs new tricks, you know. ) y; N/ r( D& c- |" ~) [( r9 f
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从以上的几则谚语我们可以观察到中西文化的一个有趣的区别。西方人经常用狗来比喻人,如,lucky dog(幸运儿),因为他们并不歧视狗。而在汉语中,有不少涉及狗的谚语和成语都是贬义的,如“狗改不了吃屎”、“挂羊头卖狗肉”、“狗仗人势”、“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”等。当然,英文中dog一词有时也带有贬义,但往往含义与中文不尽相同,我们使用时切忌望文生义。如,It is a dog’s life Chris is leading。 某位教授认为“a dog’s life”的意思是“悲惨的生活”,因而在一篇论及中英文化差别的文章中将其译成“过着牛马不如的生活”。其实“a dog’s life”指的是“争吵不休,过着不安宁的日子”。这类成语很多,如go to the dogs(每况愈下),dog-eat-dog(狗咬狗的,损人利己的),dog in the manger(占着茅坑不拉屎的人)。还有一些没有任何褒贬涵义的用法,如dog days(大热天),doggy bag(餐馆里的打包袋),据说,早先人们碍于面子,不愿明说要把剩菜带回家吃,佯称要带给狗吃,所以叫doggy bag. 2 G8 L+ W5 R' [9 t- v
: E( Y6 s. P2 W5 L0 x. Y! L8 ^上面四条西方谚语都可以在汉语中找到相似的表达,但下面两条却全然不同了。 / W7 q9 q1 {$ t h; K+ [
4 x* N! A" s9 b2 F& C* o: V" O10)Lightning never strikes the same place twice.
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“闪电从不打同一个地方”,与我们说的“福无双至,祸不单行”恰恰相反,这也是差异的一个有趣的体现。 ! A( J5 k! ] S: L+ \9 K
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eg: -How were your exams? All over?
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8 q+ U. v$ j4 p" j/ g8 b! S-I really don’t know. I did rather poorly last time. I hope I’ll do better this time. & X$ [" c8 c# O5 m
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-Come on, don’t worry about it。 You are sure to pass。 As the saying goes, lightening never strikes the same place twice.
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$ n7 i/ b' k; \11)One swallow does not make a summer. 9 |2 N- [/ O1 B. L, g% N! ^1 k
0 h, Q. C" F; w u I* Y4 h2 cswallow 是燕子。西谚说,一只燕子飞来不能代表夏天的来临。而中国成语却说, 一叶知秋。两种说法各有其智慧。“One swallow does not make a summer”强调的是要区别一般性与特殊性的辩证哲理; 而“一叶知秋”体现的则是从细微的端倪窥见总体趋势的睿智。 - _: J+ k& O. ^3 z3 D
: ]. n9 q" T: \: R& x' Teg: -Hey, look! The scores are already 2:1!Liverpool is sure to win, I bet!
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/ U' b2 v/ j) L* Z# w. V-I don’t think so. One swallow does not make a summer. Miracles always happen the last minute. |
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