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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士1 D' p) s0 X# @4 I; |. _' n2 M. M$ K
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: d2 O2 @0 h/ y, t; a2 M: x4 ?$ uhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-128111977 w y6 E4 w& K3 x/ u6 V
/ l' c q' U2 C, G9 q1 s6 G22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer2 n( P+ Z/ T/ _9 L
8 z" P; D- D4 n: g8 p8 x% l( jScience and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
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A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.
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9 ~3 U; [0 C, A& U1 C$ o# M; GThe study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
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The team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.
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% t$ _9 X* J* ^The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.+ A+ s* ~: w2 K
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
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. G& o$ y8 r7 x8 Q! o7 @# x2 bTheir means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.+ T; `1 ~4 b, b
9 J0 r' O E' H& sOne of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.& V. D8 |! F( E
/ t0 C5 x+ w. ^. L2 W) f2 iAt its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.
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; ~; L! D1 p" ^- n/ Y3 A, B# v\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.+ y" n, k: e# [7 @, y
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\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.
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3 m) f( u/ E8 P6 X\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"
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Dr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"
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. y5 p& @+ S5 k( u2 W9 V/ q, N2 l" qThe team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.
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( Z- p, e: r& a" xThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them." [1 t/ M: t6 o4 U% e! j% \
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.) Z' d# s- E$ F+ z! t! D
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However, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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7 s2 A6 D# Y& ?9 o% R0 k* M\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.3 ]0 l9 Q7 `2 w% }5 y* B6 u; v
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However, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\". / L2 Y. D* k7 j+ p3 v& J' n
0 O5 Q& ^3 \) e' U9 R6 D: F7 x\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.
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B: X4 r5 E6 X4 J' ^7 C2 _$ W1 e9 ~\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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