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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197
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' i a# J! b$ h5 P2 `1 K3 N8 ?7 Y6 C22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer
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Science and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas) g$ ^& c8 b# D
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A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.: Q& p) N+ z% t8 U) K6 R) s
! |4 @3 B, X: N3 ^The study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.. C; a* r9 H! S, q
( p- C4 H$ H* [4 l; m; xThe team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.
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8 V$ n6 t6 B" m5 A+ t; R, k* \The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.
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0 |- v- d. z/ I% D' t) n ?The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.6 p8 l0 K6 b1 O; M
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Their means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.: a: ?8 E2 S! j$ b2 J- Y8 I
. H- Y7 D! o5 SOne of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.
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At its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.
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+ \' q2 F4 D& L% Z3 c; n\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.
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\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.7 V/ U- Z: G+ i/ a/ @+ x) R4 H
6 I! |- a& a1 j. G\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"2 d* k( _- k7 F' s
( _' T( z5 E3 L, Q5 ~, NDr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"9 K3 q) J" i9 U+ k
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The team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.
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% U6 e; P* J8 RThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.4 }' V9 r* Y w8 k4 p! y
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.
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4 n$ L8 z+ N* j9 L5 _. s& sHowever, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.
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. E5 B0 S* x" C# |However, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\".
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$ q- }4 Q4 Y/ U6 h: [\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.9 w7 C2 C$ M( K/ n: ^
5 h5 ~: Q) N; W4 \\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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