从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
- d, m' o# g# W5 v例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

A：I like apples.

B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
) A# u5 K% g- H2 Q: s! r
　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
3 g8 Q; T' N& [# f* V5 d
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
2 J/ |6 l( {0 j- m. ]) C* C6 B  q
4 }1 |( R; m: w7 N- J2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
) X* R+ t0 ]' B7 z- d' k/ L
第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
+ R: c3 `! F8 ?( [3 C
( q1 U# Y; q) ]* q3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
' N8 C% j9 r' q7 [1 ~. s/ L* a* q
4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
/ `5 D2 P' s/ \9 s- B* I$ e
/ ^1 h  J* L8 N0 ^' L# \# x0 ]---Nor it is!

0 n2 ]/ d" {) q# T1 @% K# G, WThis cup hasn't got a handle!

, L2 j, H/ _( q! O* R---Nor it has!

, r4 ]% O: w- ?  V6 Y+ z9 {四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
* ~7 z. W3 {, l9 Q. g
Derothy: Look it's raining!
; A  ]* o" U- T4 k3 ^
: t% {1 N2 ]" {5 ?Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
) u' ]( e" K- q' C7 z/ P% X* _
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
3 ]. [- [6 |  i0 [& Q  ^0 K0 o4 S# [
2 G& U/ J* C: n8 z3 NDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

Derothy: So we can.

# c) i* N, h, }& GDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
! a5 J' b- w& \% |: a9 `* [
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
$ i8 S; }9 f+ z' \
* J, \  M  @5 c! B: O" h, ADenald: Yes, let's.

# ]0 Z. F$ w6 D9 r2 UDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
0 |' _# F  t" D8 a2 w# F
( X' n( b3 u+ ?# e" [# j3 L5 TDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
; D5 }, N' C2 c: g8 C
; c8 w! f5 E5 v4 ^8 I# Q. SDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
6 n- R- d: `6 J; j
# J6 F9 e+ h4 e% @6 @Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
9 x; Q& ^3 O- N5 N+ ?
# h- S- P) [% dDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

Dorothy: It's the postman.
: V- P" Z$ u2 M7 s8 c  y. G  z9 c
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
8 p% R" U4 ]9 J- g5 s. v4 L, l7 q
Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

" v; x! i$ z8 ^$ V0 R: PDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
0 N8 s: V5 T+ U5 Q: O' a* a0 d3 ^( j
Dorothy: Nor do I!

2 G. `0 c6 T# L2 EDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

& i! k% v+ }7 d& v" j) GDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
; S! g, w2 B8 J, x
Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
, N# Y/ V% D! r( X0 O5 d( m: x
/ J' {0 l. }1 P; j2 R$ z2 s! JDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

' a) ]  U6 z. @" ^) g3 _$ R. XDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.