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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
$ M1 j2 Y4 L, O+ G5 L例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说： 9 \1 R; d- B# l! h
1 }. z y2 c) O7 aA：I like apples. 0 T) A# B# [/ A
6 F- a; Y! ~- o$ GB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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' U* G/ F5 I; s0 U3 v1 c5 ] 这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
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本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
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/ S7 K* e) y: }: ?, d% Y1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
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5 G8 K. t, d' J4 N6 G2 p2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
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又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
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第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is) / {, x W# k* a7 ]& ~; e: i
v9 \' u7 `5 v, j/ @$ h# ^第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。
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3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me.
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; l" s% D% s/ f; }/ m$ F' U$ K/ X4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构 , E+ P* w* t! C# t8 ~7 ~" `
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如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
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---Nor it is! 1 D, o( I5 b0 z% K2 @1 A
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This cup hasn't got a handle! W+ s/ h3 P( l) q, c0 ^
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---Nor it has!
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6 r4 W% Z" |( D* Z) ^8 m+ `$ q四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
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Derothy: Look it's raining! ( Z- L5 `$ U; x) Z
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Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now. & S9 H2 B5 G. a
0 C4 M5 J; R& A+ y0 d0 }4 {" }Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know. 8 ]$ h9 V% s1 r# P5 ^
8 `7 | ]: ~+ _: E& |: o2 aDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then. 7 J- n* F% S; b4 I
9 m# h0 K4 c" g4 _( V, \- vDerothy: So we can.
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, Q9 o7 x4 h! h& IDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
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8 C% m8 a7 V4 n# fDerothy: So there is! Shall we go? " t9 l- m. T7 o5 G% j( k& Q
) K4 w) D- R& Y% u5 E2 t% N# p3 VDenald: Yes, let's. : R7 u; W5 d4 z1 O
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Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
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* K! T* X4 `/ D- w4 F0 xDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too. ) Z5 P, N3 s* M$ ^
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Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6. 4 \* d' Z& I% o% ~9 |: G: N
: w* L; ?5 r1 B/ [# R! x1 ~* _Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
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+ |+ p( s/ c# p. LDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk. : o9 b, V6 g8 w! _
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
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Dorothy: It's the postman. " ], u0 K" j. s; c' C5 t; M
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Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet. - m7 o$ E9 _0 ]9 c
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Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us. ) X+ Y4 t! n; |4 |/ W; p ?5 t
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Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills! # J) K- K# w0 }3 m$ h1 D( g
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Dorothy: Nor do I!
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# s" N7 W" \/ M: G' Z" w! hDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
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9 D# H% U D. v3 wDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it. 4 @' b5 [0 l! d3 u
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Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
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Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
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Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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& Q/ f7 p1 E9 x8 h" ^- RDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
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Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
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