 鲜花( 1)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。 ( o2 t% D8 U/ V- V
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说： % g. N% e& C0 s8 b' [* {
1 {7 y* v6 |% {* h) p
A：I like apples. 7 V% e2 H6 M- }5 ]" d; i: J
. [4 p z7 u; I6 C! t$ @
B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。） 7 |4 r' I2 W% S9 [0 B, y3 F, S
6 V$ m9 U7 B1 o) M7 G; b& Q 这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
~) U3 p/ ]% u4 E0 D& Q
0 t! W: F0 f4 f5 v本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
$ e* J/ {3 N0 c; H$ f( h% x0 h% E% }& {
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he. - K% m0 i" l; h" c8 S3 g8 q- `! V
9 @ y* L# l' m# K8 j# h1 d* ~
2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
% i2 t/ q- _3 R6 ?5 }6 ^
; C" u; Z! f: @* }) m3 }又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明： 7 m# M$ ~% `7 G1 x# \" R, f! D
, X( ~; R P1 y k6 {4 b
第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
# W9 ~& g0 G0 i7 B. c
* g. m, d& k# @8 Y- w0 `5 v0 e7 `第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。
# g0 E1 z" I0 N" s3 u; t3 Z4 A o7 g
3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me.
+ V6 L+ Z; A c! m0 V2 D( o, g6 q; w, {3 a
4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构 1 N8 A) n: O! _7 G) N
3 B6 f$ a! D& |( {# i% c! T$ ?* b如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
a* J& h4 K6 V% w `6 B. ]8 s4 L! f3 `/ v- c% O
---Nor it is! 5 G/ i: H/ V; c j
/ s. U; O8 c4 j: I
This cup hasn't got a handle!
8 l- |, y7 |8 o# Q8 O/ Z4 u1 g
3 Y: ~7 Q1 G! y" K---Nor it has! 4 }: {. f9 a7 P, x
, b8 ]& c# i" g1 d% x四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
) h; t0 {( }1 y6 f& H: h j, n4 {
8 h! S* j! ?' j8 h5 C# k- K. _Derothy: Look it's raining! , H5 C0 Y+ a0 B" g
2 L1 P# y% r+ j! s' H
Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
8 d Q& U7 A8 p" Z9 F( ]. b* ]. `7 R2 }
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
, H o2 `3 Q( F$ F& U! `% i/ D4 Q2 Z/ m; O
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then. " f2 X# e; g8 W) n9 t
$ c, C/ K9 P+ R% O: V; iDerothy: So we can.
% b1 ]4 Y. P2 [) t6 V, M- ] G) j3 u3 Q: |) f0 A; w( _ l- g
Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole". : D9 j4 o; z& @6 ~+ v
2 y: K' }8 E' i7 V- Q+ w
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go? 2 H/ D* I$ C6 _3 i, C& b3 s v
. a! t# C+ F. d
Denald: Yes, let's. ! \/ C. f+ |3 ]5 n; j/ B
0 y4 |+ J- a% @# W. r7 NDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock. 0 O S7 {( ^0 a+ ?+ w% V. u
. ~, d$ B4 b0 ^: |5 I' I* }
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too. 6 o) \8 E' l" o5 l
f! S( b5 I# h, m ^- {0 c' Z5 rDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6. % D% b) R# y! n% Z
# p/ k$ w0 i& i8 O; |3 aDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more. ! b# x+ A# A# R
a$ {3 ]1 T+ B8 u z+ s! \
Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk. 1 m9 U* F/ J' n" ~
0 b2 v. E1 a3 Y% _Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road? 1 B/ w' \/ A! s" J- O
. T; Q, S/ ^. }: W( s' VDorothy: It's the postman.
; d, s2 p5 n; c8 K" M5 V4 K( V! l* p
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet. 2 f0 d6 [4 Z7 H, }
c. W& p) u3 Z
Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
6 |1 ]- o, w# y* x8 g( R+ ^* Y: K* [3 k p
Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills! 0 X, p1 N% e' m0 N& j% S8 h5 V
6 D( V" j" a: G' p6 P( h
Dorothy: Nor do I! & \$ d. f3 X) S+ J- u; a: N4 ]. V
1 t. d2 U5 G5 e4 _ eDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
! M6 Y* g- N1 P: |2 r9 Z: J. V6 Z- c H& j* Q, p, Z8 M
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
: Z* b5 s$ w/ K0 f( d0 d/ V% ^+ K `/ |8 S8 Z; R$ E; j" S, \
Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel. + G& p/ `/ W" n* \" O5 s3 \
" Q6 `7 E0 H+ l sDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
' u: |: B7 e, G! Q. U! C+ j( ?, R2 @
- J& P9 \) N1 KDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself! + D. m: l/ s! j. N
2 z2 k D4 W7 D1 h1 f
Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
h% \' c7 }, ?) s$ B) `6 ?7 \; p5 K* s1 d+ k) Z2 N
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
! }, |/ S! `/ e- C% t' Y) k( ~6 P$ w3 w) U, g4 ~4 E3 M
Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
|
狗仔卡
发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡