从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
2 n  H2 T8 W1 @: T/ O例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
& z% X0 P& t- X0 G* G/ E
A：I like apples.

B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

& P) e  H" x& H3 ]　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

0 Q1 s7 u" \. {" F8 v* |本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
$ Y, i2 R! f& m7 \- o
  e5 X9 N: T* G2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

1 s( d! ?2 P) [9 |* s0 z% x+ j又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
! B  |. W. z" k% K
1 _$ K. U( h. M8 F, m第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
! `" o0 w+ A* n* C; o( e/ K9 y7 i
3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

9 I- t" o4 j" A( s4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
# C" o: {, ?6 K& [
如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!
* Q7 v' K. I5 B% y
This cup hasn't got a handle!

8 z1 ?0 `) I5 }2 q+ [---Nor it has!
! x* I8 T- p% q- u
5 P( I3 @5 G  L  c四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

Derothy: Look it's raining!
2 P$ G/ k, ?4 s  j
Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

4 |% Q% ?) ]* _$ ], RDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
# V4 F( T' W# _. {. Y# X) E) s3 [# \
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

) H' I2 w( H& B, H' f$ s' Q& N! ]% @1 |Derothy: So we can.

) q4 @  T! p9 {3 d4 C' ^2 ?Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
7 L% F" l, C4 y1 G& I1 E
6 q7 f2 C% U1 N- P5 k1 IDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?

Denald: Yes, let's.
8 W2 e" D3 t( a: C
Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
( }2 {) p- n! i; c; z7 ^0 p
# O) }2 B3 D8 o. v. V, R4 qDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

' b, k0 `8 [: k6 Y' z; u' d$ mDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
5 b1 ]1 u& a$ I/ `: e$ m1 t
Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

) [6 C. b7 F0 X0 a# K% _3 IDorothy: It's the postman.
1 c% w) C& v1 D0 T) T, ?0 h0 T' A
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
6 F7 m2 ?  v! Y0 |# b! ~5 D
1 B/ s  T6 V% [0 u( XDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
9 g2 N6 ~4 k, C8 W
$ ]  w* \2 v* h9 l; K! dDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

; h5 X, \( c2 F. h- JDorothy: Nor do I!

Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
- c* L6 Z% j, R' t- g9 T/ |$ I# F6 W
& B% i/ y' I8 c+ P" d" R2 ]# k4 FDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
! Z3 [" \! D& `6 v2 `
, g# U1 K6 m5 t4 l7 _( gDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
" t$ w0 G0 X3 o( X% v8 K
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
, M1 {4 Y; x* E; }4 C! n! L
5 }8 `* M4 s( T% JDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.