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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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, o( P0 D( c* o! E 一、厕所 ' {% F0 @6 d5 E4 \0 A# W
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 3 K0 w& L2 w0 L: {, k4 H
1 u5 J F# s2 M$ [" A' O( z 二、解小便 / B6 h# P* H" M* S
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
8 g# M* [4 q* e+ F2 a Will (could) you urinate in this cup? $ v# S. l% _7 [
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医生或许也会问:
6 t U8 z6 {8 t' ` J8 K C Do you have trouble urinating? 7 [5 Y }/ `6 T
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 5 X. B5 J4 O) O `+ m3 B$ [' z
6 O' ^ v; o; c; z! r 此外,还有其他的说法:
" ]7 u/ M" y" w+ Y to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
Y* K" o8 }) S- g * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
, s# u5 N3 G- d% j# W * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ! v0 W7 }8 h; l4 P: s: \8 F" N% o9 e
8 d1 ~! ?& {: r' L) M; A0 A 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: . D) d1 X# O, P, i& K* ^* m
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 2 B' v4 F6 ~4 }+ l2 u! i& ]
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 3 C& r' `; {7 X
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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2 I$ a: Q9 g- C& a9 x * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
0 c9 }9 E% M: C0 d 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ) C* }' f) X: D6 V- O- J* @1 w
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: , T o7 c6 Q1 X# U! V4 [ _+ M0 N. c
* Do I need a urine test? 4 d2 f0 K7 _9 q) w
% D4 i! P: r9 P2 g 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: . J9 {4 K! m# k% h
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. : `* i% s+ t5 A1 u' I9 i
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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4 z% U# r' h$ L 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: + u2 `3 \ _( v/ q& ?. I
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) r4 f2 K1 A; n# A, c
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) L% d2 z/ c3 N" }$ Z4 {
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) * C- x( T4 D, E/ z7 U/ ~! |
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ; i9 b& p( ]8 H' n/ s; X% ~& [
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三、解大便 ! E& f5 {" S1 W( S
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
, S- v7 v1 a% B5 Q1 g to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
% N( u4 n6 q# R3 j( t7 ?8 n. Q =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 3 b0 |9 p) U9 i) U+ {( J8 ]1 L
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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, ~2 r# Q$ w7 [+ \" j+ o. D 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: " T7 z0 Q. |7 Z6 Q! \
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) j" _ S% i2 |% N* F4 v# W
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: - I$ Q* r' }5 A3 q5 J
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
" n# z$ u+ \! p8 w) T 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
& Z" N8 t, `, F' S, n) M! {( i4 t9 M' K How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 4 C0 p6 Z/ L) \' V) h; F6 I; h
你放屁的次数很多吗?
- l# I4 E! x4 f9 V * Is the gas expelled by belching? - h: H# T! a9 ]" d, u1 H
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) $ l8 m$ F+ [6 i* ]/ p
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
$ W. V! q4 {; W- Z7 u9 I! K 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
$ Y0 k3 e: P/ m/ F" L2 K * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. $ B9 Y6 U+ l! E v1 n L$ i
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 , W& o$ b, _7 E m/ J- m& h
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
' y6 k4 b# T% ]) y* u 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ! X4 j: a# A) v& A" d2 R
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) % D0 m) u4 r" }1 p; J; N' }5 o
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
; X2 ]. [* Z$ i/ V8 n 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ) R+ f8 Y' L- Y
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. $ k0 F" W; }. _
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 1 `) b/ b2 X3 L5 a& W5 F' X5 |9 l
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ' ^, I, N9 i2 f- G5 H. _
他经常便秘。) 或
. }7 k8 F6 n! z* I * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
- H* ~) U* H( K/ ^" S6 I0 A * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
$ M" E# I% _- _/ F( b* T * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. % L* k) |9 x/ Q( ^, j
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
' }8 k3 k. P O! a0 B 他拉了一阵肚子。 ( P9 Q; T* O$ }) @- t1 c7 P7 [
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
6 ~# m" u$ }$ n8 Q& E4 w% U1 r* Y2 D 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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