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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 ) y) G% N$ k, r: ~
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 9 k% J, f/ m4 `: }: ~; y
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二、解小便 5 U$ t0 p0 V o6 _/ k; H5 I
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: / m& Y" z' o" T( V4 C. R8 e
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? & B6 }0 K& H' q: R
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医生或许也会问: , X5 o) I" W5 F% x7 M
Do you have trouble urinating? - c7 S. [# _9 Q F
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ' g+ B; R% O( ^" W8 O) k% p
+ W( t$ n) Z5 ^, M, o- h- J 此外,还有其他的说法:
) V% G, u. Q% G3 [- L% }3 X" X to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
6 _/ [: @! ?2 G * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
/ x7 ?. n6 s! g8 I3 ^/ e * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 1 X8 {. J. U# D( s/ G! m7 O! _
" c! ?. x9 Y% T' n- S 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: ' R1 K% f" o* P+ W
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. # O( R, y5 O2 N% V5 y+ R6 V( g
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 9 D* @+ s+ r8 @# s
7 j9 U1 g- Z8 e2 I * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
- {1 D, C h7 S& z 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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0 Q+ p5 l/ ]% }, E4 @ * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
* ~1 W+ [2 E0 G9 h 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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" I5 w8 x2 k0 d" W' ~ 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
3 h. R: n* n& t9 A5 l * The boy needs to pee.
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5 ^: c% K+ N6 z6 V 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
' O7 K: C) D& l6 G, c: c% U * Do I need a urine test? ! D" L3 u; \2 q% {2 |
- I8 g4 ]. l" }# I# ?1 B4 S- J 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
8 \$ e3 X' Y! X. J/ O2 a! q * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. % V! Z X0 L7 {1 H
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 7 ?% @* s7 U3 d& ~5 ^- g8 X) l6 q
- v3 a7 R g0 {' s5 [- I, t 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
0 O! F$ T8 P- w) w& w: i * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
! I( I3 Q. Z1 k * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
* l* A4 t3 l" L) i1 B * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
: x8 r+ ~! G* H8 q* c' a, C9 X * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
& T; O) z0 X0 B4 P% z 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
7 {& h1 b# p& }" G$ U5 O- O$ J; W to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ' |$ J ?% }% z9 i
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
* O% r8 y" ?7 X& Z; o* B3 ` * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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% q, M! W- }" T: Z 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: * [& v, F" q7 J
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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0 y- D6 T3 A$ ?/ J* J) A, Z5 h 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: : k3 x+ m8 p' V1 C6 S
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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' h" l) R7 O9 \. r2 ^ 四、放屁 $ \$ k$ w- w$ x! w$ V0 J: q
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
; |: `9 p7 T, i$ M) X& L How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? % C. [4 n9 G# r$ q- ~
你放屁的次数很多吗? 8 v! t$ \9 M, |( B2 O8 @
* Is the gas expelled by belching? . H% a7 T6 ?+ S r7 U0 ^; G i
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
; m. l& w6 ^5 Q. Z- M * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
5 d$ {( b+ \6 e8 } A7 y9 w; U 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
* \; k! i0 M4 H ^ U * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 5 I9 v* E! J0 e7 ?0 @7 d2 V5 T0 A# j) {
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
) y5 |$ {; P: i9 r. P: _ * Be careful not to fart in the public. 4 c' |4 T7 F* c' L7 w
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 / |; @ J: ?9 g; T. U
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
( t$ m# S2 o8 d1 l1 b4 L# M * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
S4 `1 V/ Q/ d. @ = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. , S8 w3 \& l0 B9 E
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. & m$ v2 n: f5 s7 w5 I5 _
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 6 r. J3 O- f7 T5 V, g+ u
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) , z. r2 ^/ G1 r8 u( b8 m
他经常便秘。) 或
6 z P, R' f& j9 U2 L. @. @ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 + v2 j. w& [& {3 x9 ?4 V5 R! \6 F( j" Q, u
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
7 J4 G- Q! h! \+ {8 W3 g }( U * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
. l, ~4 C1 _7 J1 U) ~; [4 o0 q+ s& v7 q 他拉了一阵肚子。
7 `5 T1 [0 q- Y- n * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
% L/ [0 b; H# B6 _4 i# }) c/ K 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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