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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 1 G9 Q' f( \/ \
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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) l/ q0 }8 {7 M- C; R 二、解小便
8 b9 N) T1 ]1 n& Y- ~+ w6 [ 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ! l" w0 d" p3 @! B. D, P7 M
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ( t @7 G8 Q; V" i
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医生或许也会问:
8 j' y: y1 ~% S* [ Do you have trouble urinating?
4 }+ o ]0 s; e) r =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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; [6 F7 @* F, R" h" l7 u8 m' S 此外,还有其他的说法: 7 x$ O3 f( B1 g+ I/ ]" l
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: , |1 l( W7 s' d, P$ Z$ s
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
% C3 H( k- R! U7 V: d * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 0 G5 E* h! y1 P8 D% e. l( `+ [, |
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
" Q+ G2 ]* f( ]8 |( c * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ! @" e: M$ T& n* C0 C6 {4 i4 t5 x8 B
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 1 D* N+ u b' C8 o5 s( U2 D! A
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. . A/ E! g* G F9 l2 r4 V* M
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ( P% {9 _5 V a( B
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. $ Y' }( i, T1 |) s3 U2 h
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 8 |( U3 r9 B f8 r: F: h$ O3 ^1 ] R
9 H( n- T9 r/ u9 [% T 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
p/ W1 T0 \% c6 U* K9 V * The boy needs to pee.
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* O8 J5 l9 i# ^3 ^ 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
0 I: _: J4 I3 ]* N! H8 V * Do I need a urine test?
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3 I- L% I" m& G' y6 T$ g6 Z1 Q 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
2 R* F4 f$ v( D( k * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 8 ~/ I/ O; k& H2 S
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) & x8 t; _: j$ b9 j0 r4 `
5 n2 d6 w. `( ]7 s# k# ? 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
" u4 K- H, ]$ Y) p# Q' \8 ~ * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
x0 q# k0 [$ R# O' G * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
1 b# {: E3 I' A7 R, M( T * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
0 y# R% p" w: r. Z! d6 k( h * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) - A9 g% |( Y! D) k
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三、解大便
$ Z2 G4 r' i9 O% z+ ? 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
) v8 Q. o& C. H4 |; h; ] to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
( Q+ \; J$ g8 E% g =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 0 m" d1 g2 t" M# m1 D! k' B
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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. I- r0 }, m+ o" o! S L- P) J 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 0 N3 W1 V4 {8 } K
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) $ H) }; i8 v' ~9 J$ E$ ]
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
! Q# d: U# m+ _/ F5 R: q0 ] * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
/ f% K* l' P% I) [& p3 I7 l3 _ 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 0 R0 C/ L" A# h* Y4 E |9 v
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
5 C9 b5 k% B* v i 你放屁的次数很多吗?
7 ~7 U. B' ]% b1 O7 z * Is the gas expelled by belching?
6 `$ Z0 o7 Y! ]% k& z% ]+ o$ c; x 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ! ~) ?8 n5 W- ?% T) Y2 u4 D7 J
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. + l' ?, E. I& r, O, h; }
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 0 }6 J$ ~* U4 S
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. * G( D( h! P+ h& s6 r1 Z& U
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 . b+ l x0 @8 [
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
$ \- g- l2 `4 m7 d 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 + E8 ?( @4 A, H! g% R5 E
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
. n2 I) T8 }( e: j * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 1 D' F4 Q7 z9 R: m2 `
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
v7 X& l8 s* ^) A! b 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
3 O" b% s, i# C4 S( h6 E 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
/ y6 F! u) X$ G! X- f$ S6 j% @0 Z2 m * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) & }" L) x: f( {5 ?2 H3 a
他经常便秘。) 或
& k. r4 ?" Y% N& K- u * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
`! I c7 Q; m7 e p& A * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 # b" P+ V: \& o: d
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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4 a; b8 k. s2 P. r& r/ D * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
; c Z! V1 ~* k 他拉了一阵肚子。
$ l d; M0 g- p0 p$ M$ G3 G * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ; G' O7 j$ g7 u, _0 N& N
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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