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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! . {& | o i" j9 b9 p! `
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一、厕所 ' m2 F2 k- z7 O- c$ k. [
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 + ` v$ P/ p/ k9 l
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二、解小便 - U$ f3 |& I( n0 I1 J: P
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: : j% O1 a+ o f# M* g: y) s4 Z
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: 7 Y6 Y6 ]* L/ k' g
Do you have trouble urinating? . V' H- \1 m" o: I/ s
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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B" a% a) g8 q 此外,还有其他的说法:
; X; j; c( ]1 |' { to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
" q' s; O- O- M; I6 b* I * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. , Q& w& b3 _3 M) H$ E
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) - n8 M8 f0 e5 y! \8 O
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 8 U- ]( N+ F) F9 c9 M! N3 {, r+ D2 q
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
2 B$ O/ {, l) m1 c/ @ 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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, s7 l( S, h: L! y) P * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ) O" A, d* [6 d/ ~- L& l7 ?! }
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 - w3 [% U* F$ M
4 @5 l _ E: \( Q. l * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
+ G2 j# ^# j; r/ z) K9 i% \ 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ( {0 B W) Z- \( L% \: Y" ]
2 X1 s+ W1 o% d! M3 ~+ D/ P 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: * m! _8 E' J' C
* The boy needs to pee. # K' A2 E. b: T8 E
4 z# d. B L- z+ b 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 7 _2 V: [' M7 U* a
* Do I need a urine test?
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- N6 d( B) P) ^3 u' i2 s 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ' K% r6 \6 a( P: y* Y/ N ?
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
5 M% ?$ V2 {" i# q) h * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 1 N) A6 S4 [; j A* \
( P! i1 e# M, H+ {% Z 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
. p1 u2 [* \7 z$ g9 L * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
3 N& f8 ?# N: w/ U+ F# m * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) : Q" n, F4 Y& s. m1 I. H
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
, B$ o1 p( d9 l8 D! y( R * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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6 j5 b9 G. o9 s* J 三、解大便 ) w: `: ]3 }: G7 w2 E7 @ t+ d
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: : e: q5 s; ?% ^& j0 o, _
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
9 C+ v; z1 _3 n: e, Z( c" Z9 G =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: " o1 ~- c! |) F7 O
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 8 f7 U% P0 a" r6 s
6 _2 ]) w1 ?" e0 I! [+ s7 p- O 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
; o( `# f" N5 z4 P9 ~! U * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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3 l6 h6 s0 k& X- t 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
) X% l" v; |1 Z: w/ h& ^ * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) . U4 v2 H. P B7 G
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四、放屁
$ o5 o2 ]% Q& ]% x. U& u 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: % L' j% K3 [3 P
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
; ?( D- ]+ {% d 你放屁的次数很多吗? * Y; b$ Z8 W8 @8 \, e6 M4 n3 [
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
4 G, Z! B' h0 m9 W$ v 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 5 b1 t3 {* W2 d( I/ v0 ~' H; e
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
" l9 z* K. T) J; ]! {) p 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 & q# T0 I# `9 S, {. b" m
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. . J( T4 u) c7 { W6 `( P4 {
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
0 P) L; s6 B: c8 G v. l * Be careful not to fart in the public.
# z7 s- K& G$ p! z2 X( t7 S 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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! j! X! s3 K; H+ v; @/ D 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
) e. v3 o2 s$ N( A2 H) w* E * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
" ?4 h* f5 o. H3 x = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
+ H: l9 u, a9 M( l' s 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 6 ~2 K$ l2 R) G3 S
胃不舒服有两星期了。) & e$ p7 I% |) W& T( b7 l8 T
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 0 L4 d% y8 ~* r) N: r/ W) j0 ]
他经常便秘。) 或 " B4 M8 H7 c* D' m
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
& k1 S# V7 u2 C" g, L) Y, f4 e, ] o; M * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ! f) N0 X+ K) ]% T9 [# [/ _0 Y
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
: j( E. @2 ^+ ] F+ g- u 他拉了一阵肚子。 0 _+ v2 y# g' @9 N6 ~2 R1 K) k
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) X; l& J _) l" ?, _, q# ]6 w
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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