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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
( i4 s; k+ y7 y$ Y" S 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
5 X8 e- v p- q' G4 e6 u+ }4 p( @ 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
5 n6 r' r; j' U1 Z% p, ~$ ` Will (could) you urinate in this cup? . k' b1 }; F/ M4 ~8 O# n G
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医生或许也会问:
! {" v5 t) I, z; A Do you have trouble urinating? 9 L" j# W( ~: P' ~ Q
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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4 h( F3 y ?, x0 ^' M$ ~8 l) T 此外,还有其他的说法:
6 v0 }/ j" z7 e) H) f) ^/ } to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ) b# A$ {, J. y8 S8 c8 t
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ; T2 K5 k; u+ f( z
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) , D2 n, C9 `( N# \
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: + j# }& i2 R- a- T3 T
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. , C9 s+ Y$ b( c7 j' E
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 w" P; V/ @; K( U5 }1 S
! X9 Z. |/ o) r1 T0 m+ Y/ @+ I1 y * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
1 B# `) b- [* e/ y- f. Z 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 " E* H' D/ }- f! @% \0 D y
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ; |5 X7 R7 @' e2 g% R6 q* W
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 - K1 X2 c! q# r% ?- m5 x& a% q
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
/ J" K3 H, q# C. J# l * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
% l2 f1 G9 n: A. C" H+ ~ * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
( \! V3 r' B; u& m5 t- Q; @& ?1 G0 ? * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
" ]" @" C1 M; y/ p" u9 {* L * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
3 d& t" X9 k- W/ n. U0 M0 n' q * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) $ u, N. ^0 g. }: ~
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ( ^4 s8 |6 j! _+ c
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 8 b2 W" Z# S& ^2 Y9 ~9 z5 p' @ S; r
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) - k( Q4 {8 X! q% L6 z
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三、解大便
9 A' P! m) K, X: ~# O 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
8 G4 {0 S- b+ ^" o to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
& {1 h I1 p& q$ ], f =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
4 j* \. L7 F, q$ Z9 y! p5 I: M * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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! A7 i8 L( G) Y5 l; [" i7 \ 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
6 K }, L p# e& C5 S! h * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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, L" Y1 ?9 t* B0 Q 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: f, j8 v7 |7 N- N0 M
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 1 Z1 ~9 B: i% q, W2 V* C
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
7 F3 N+ r, T6 s How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
# _0 A" S$ n6 W& Q2 O5 n 你放屁的次数很多吗? 7 U. U, a4 n4 a8 V5 {0 M; V
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
/ [4 Q3 d _' g8 n) B6 {2 P 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) + x0 ?! u% J% C9 i: h
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 6 c# z% {2 T4 K |
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 + N& J- P& \( T4 Y
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 2 t f G- |' V5 `, [. W
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 9 D' k- @- @. v/ b8 y9 A5 s
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
' V9 ]8 T5 [7 Y# p2 v$ K$ U! u 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 8 R0 Y7 k4 [; X' c+ v% U& j
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
, R: ^+ X0 c0 b/ k7 N7 ]9 e% `2 q * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) . F$ G& A5 v" i& g1 v. V: I7 O# u$ n
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 5 b* g r l7 s5 M: v
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) : L3 [: v( o" O' C* v
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. & c+ ^. X6 B# |9 G) I4 D8 P+ T
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
7 f7 _; n* E$ H6 l * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 2 b0 g1 |1 X: V2 B
他经常便秘。) 或
+ Y) S R7 F& ]6 W, g0 S * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
y1 w2 b, I- |1 e * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 e8 I/ n9 U; V
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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; n) n4 w& d9 G) K3 a& Y7 d * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
$ F6 H, J& {" ~) n0 x0 ^5 ~8 {6 K) \ 他拉了一阵肚子。 * @* u$ f- T7 C V1 ?) f0 P/ m
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
( a1 `* J, \1 T3 K$ s$ e3 E 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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