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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
2 c! E" R9 ?0 @0 G2 F% k 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 " w2 V1 z I4 s6 y7 R- w2 R
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 3 e, i( U5 C) Y, f" F
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 4 l7 X% ~6 s$ X$ E6 B0 l
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医生或许也会问:
4 N" F3 O0 ~) N Do you have trouble urinating?
0 R& x4 A1 Z. Z# `) B =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: # N# F6 g) T( T; `' s9 Y8 o
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
) T+ s6 B( c8 L* b: R * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
U' W% P g/ H% i9 [ * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) # F' U2 i/ ~, M6 z% U( W
" m; n8 `5 L" W7 B& Z+ P w# Q 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
) x- i% R9 K6 e6 J$ C0 B" w * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
9 F8 M, n! I/ ?! |3 J5 `! [6 ]' Y 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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- j { ]& O( w6 u * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 5 m( v+ |% L1 z; [, f
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 9 f" f7 Y" i$ h
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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. G; {1 t4 Y" a 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
, O* X5 O! v& \/ c2 O+ j+ a4 a, } * The boy needs to pee. . p: u5 @8 w6 T$ @3 k
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
2 S# W( h0 V2 [! k9 m * Do I need a urine test?
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/ F. {' V: \+ y; l8 ^ t9 d 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 4 t! G4 T4 h2 K
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
W! g& B# q7 k1 k * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 9 i4 x! d. F# T! _
2 k) q0 h+ E. ~; ~ 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: - ~( Q$ i5 T$ S: e
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ' H$ p! m* H6 F
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) & C" f# s$ O0 i( F' y5 k) o/ K% m
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
+ G/ b- }9 {. X * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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& o7 n5 G0 X- ?: _/ ^5 d 三、解大便 * q+ r) d3 ~2 Q5 L
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
: U. p' q. X q- O to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
7 S* b5 y' {1 Z3 p" r' N& ] =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
) y& l5 }8 j1 G+ a$ d * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) F2 N+ u( T, x% ^
) @0 l9 ~' }! e; U 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ' d0 O2 e l( ^# r* i8 c
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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( ]/ B- z0 @* R 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: # j% `: A, i# K/ @1 r
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
- R5 k7 F2 m$ K5 f0 r8 M 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 7 |: i: j2 w- m6 n
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
4 y) K" r, h! C 你放屁的次数很多吗?
2 v7 n, {7 u5 Q! ~% w$ F& _( W1 O * Is the gas expelled by belching? : O$ x% d# c; O. ^% k
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) & k# D0 C! Y' \9 d# l
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 9 W+ L" p8 G ^) Q# R3 M+ v4 |
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 8 o' w6 F6 Q* B
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
' W3 H/ z: r& e: K 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 + a+ H# ], d4 y5 y5 m6 `8 e) ?
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 3 Y# b3 b( p! P! H6 Q* E Q
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 / j7 w# }* x3 P% v) W. U2 a
& E. |3 {4 p) S/ W* ` 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
9 M( n& y9 H- a& P * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
0 ~0 h( n0 x- D9 d! p = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. F. b, b1 l( N5 u, V; x3 G7 ?% j" O- d
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) / g! d! i) d# Q9 ^. v
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
8 f; g4 x5 |* `6 L+ Y% m- s 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
( [' B3 V- T" J* Y) W2 d1 P# f4 { * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) . k# g5 e/ w& _
他经常便秘。) 或
% H2 M/ c+ E+ }% b4 m: z * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 0 X$ [' X+ S0 O3 U$ U' Z0 {, _! m
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ! P- j$ ?2 G+ a! w' F+ [6 K
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 2 f8 n" }5 Z1 X! n; x; n: X" G
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
5 I% A, q; B; H% {! `9 g% F 他拉了一阵肚子。 , _. Y/ w) C# \5 H, n
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
2 c* a4 i$ D* @# Y" g 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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