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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 6 d1 M3 G: ^, L* F v4 m- ]1 }: _. b
1 J% c8 l- N3 h1 Y6 b% e% _' ~ 一、厕所 1 q% y9 F& ]. d- H+ D
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 . p7 Y5 B" M# w' a
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
% \: n4 u" U( g# M; J) U7 s5 Y2 E3 { Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ' a( A, b' I" e
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医生或许也会问:
/ w" L) m0 W1 {0 ^3 n2 g Do you have trouble urinating?
/ x+ o0 ]* f4 R: y; F% u' k: |/ \) M =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: 5 P, h1 c9 m: I& N$ u3 y5 Y4 v) F+ Z
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
0 I. N* Y7 l5 i ^* c* I8 a- K: R * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
" @3 F: D8 L) `# K * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
4 O; f2 _% z* U0 N1 o! x$ s * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. $ j2 i1 _7 I3 M; ^3 y. O% ]3 `
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ( N5 R! }$ R% d; t# i
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
, \, a5 s S7 C' J/ w 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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$ E# g* ]( m8 K5 [* w7 f* [( s * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
% P- D' y; j# D 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 8 K# y- Y2 w9 Q& B
* The boy needs to pee. 1 _1 |& a9 i5 M% M# P* S
1 L4 K/ z! e3 q7 ^! m 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: / \% d/ e9 l" a1 g
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
9 ~/ d2 i2 i( B0 e6 t, ^ * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
1 d# {# `% F/ M ` * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: $ X; l4 m3 h: R: E
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) % J) U9 c. Y& C; ?) ]
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ) C+ v* L8 Q0 O& e& r
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
* N$ q' O5 Z) P * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ! h9 i& Z% f$ D/ _, W
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三、解大便
|% T* x( \" I6 w4 @ 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
) Z* e3 J7 x* |8 h to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
% b' a6 g/ E$ S( i: e! k =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 7 X8 X6 Y: Y: z4 K# A- O$ f
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
' i: s7 W3 t4 L& }4 J * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) # `1 g: V. ~* J; Y$ J4 X- t( M6 s
- w3 C0 @" v( t' c 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: : j0 S0 M; N. V' F, m7 c, |2 `! A
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) . n6 f6 k" s6 o' j
9 @" q5 y5 K/ X) p 四、放屁 2 e) D" H. t& \0 C/ q" k
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
" y7 F/ r! T$ D) c8 [ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
" y' m3 w8 Q- B) K3 c* L2 \ 你放屁的次数很多吗?
! t: F" N+ f3 v& M * Is the gas expelled by belching? 2 i8 E( N9 \. l5 }, @/ b, D
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
' F. j d) ^& f) N; ~ X- e. ^ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
1 d- w) p i' a* V; |" l: j 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
# k: x, H& v% N6 B * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. / {. {9 x6 v) [ `$ G2 ~
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ; a' v. q- g" F( g
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
& ~# Y' i& L \" ?( d2 M4 q4 o 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
; c5 K3 c7 _/ z+ ?: v+ { O * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) * T5 a8 r K1 e. m
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. % b( ?0 ~% o5 C' _, C1 ^
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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" T1 X5 @2 E, ?2 W, F$ ]$ w * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 3 `- n- B" K: Z% ?7 f, O
胃不舒服有两星期了。) $ {' d5 m1 Z' X0 p+ \8 N# p
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) + x# g$ f* P# Y7 j" w6 O+ X8 k) y
他经常便秘。) 或
6 |; ]8 j3 t m5 @& i * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
1 u: J* W# h9 U- ` o7 F( Q8 I * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
& A3 J6 [- E$ Z: Z) s& H+ S * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ' w7 W9 z1 A O: F! n x
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. , Q7 | l7 d4 H* n g
他拉了一阵肚子。
# R+ E; L: P; O9 [ * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ( e: g# I y& H( E
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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