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Table I - E.P.A. Fuel Economy for Selected 2003 Vehicles.
* {" P$ y# o6 aCar, SUV, Truck Size MPG City/Hwy 3 ]; {8 k7 v [+ ]1 p6 \. h3 R/ M+ \
BMW Z4 Roadster TS 20/28
: d# |( m' k. G% h5 v9 J: ONissan Maxima M 20/261 V; Z P1 {+ _) g. ]
Chevrolet Corvette TS 19/28 0 n: |* Y( n/ l# L7 m/ `( I: a& g' |
SAAB 9-5 M 22/31
$ x+ N' o. I7 SFerrari Modena/Spyder TS 11/16 1 m m* L$ d3 q: k
Saturn L200 M 24/327 Y( L$ r9 B, i9 u. U, [) G
Honda Insight* TS 61/68 - l7 ~% l S- t0 a4 v/ }( Z
Toyota Camry M 23/32$ X) X- o; c; |4 e1 G
Mazda MX-5 Miata TS 23/28 : g' k) }1 V! c2 q
Volkswagen Passat M 22/31
5 I" e$ v) O4 b* f; @) @Nissan 350Z TS 20/26
1 B- Q5 H+ Q. K7 P9 V. [Volvo S80 M 20/28
. |1 j8 B! v; S, ?2 l/ PAudi TT Coupe MC 21/29 " r- p4 l5 s8 r5 w! J
BMW 745 I L 18/26
3 s( \% u1 W7 l x$ |BMW Mini Cooper* MC 28/37 ' F: u% g. n2 @9 x/ g4 u9 [7 Q5 [
Buick LeSabre L 20/299 V, o5 F$ i0 h# n. r4 @
Porsche Carrera 2 Coupe MC 18/26
; u/ R& _: x& @) F# G4 X& X+ l" ~. lBuick Park Avenue L 20/29& p3 z A, w% A: ] ]' }
Ford Mustang SC 20/29
7 y6 g0 _. j I% @1 \7 D8 C6 ECadillac DeVille L 18/27
" t( s. K# _: o) ^5 aSubaru Impreza SC 20/27
& d" ~8 d$ d& i! IChevrolet Impala* L 21/32! a8 X Y( z2 y. Z) |
Volkswagen New Beetle SC 24/31
2 V+ }/ q# C5 b. Q2 D0 H* |4 N8 RChrysler LHS5 x* \' h1 j6 T/ K; N1 W7 F
Dodge Intrepid L 21/29* N& i. D/ ^5 W8 s, _: z
Audi A4 C 22/31 " Q) w6 V% N, W+ _9 C+ I. B' h* G' M
Ford Crown Victoria0 U& L6 V: y, d- O- d6 X0 i
Mercury Grand Marquis L 18/26
% A r+ L$ B- lBentley Continental L C 11/16
k, T7 [! a* A8 ~. gFord Taurus
) M, K a0 @' F8 l4 lMercury Sable L 20/28' x2 K* r) E9 Z2 ?0 ^( l! y7 L5 o
BMW 325 I C 20/29 % Z' C4 ^+ v5 a6 `) i4 o5 P
Lincoln Town Car L 17/25( ?- D5 y8 e+ w' r9 w {
BMW 525 I C 20/28 6 k% r6 `% C3 L1 C
Pontiac Bonneville L 20/29+ I; M+ W6 c- X3 T
Chevrolet Cavalier
P1 }7 w# [" }- m+ OPontiac Sunfire C 24/33
3 J% Y4 j) @3 W/ ]6 y; Q" ?0 nToyota Avalon L 21/29# L( l" n4 F0 J7 \
Dodge Neon C 25/32
4 l& g. T; k- e2 m# QChevrolet S10' e: ^' A1 {* x7 A, d @3 Q2 z7 j
GMC Sonora SPT 22/28: w; l8 \0 z, ?+ D/ W
Ford Focus C 27/33
# e: b' N0 `5 g0 RChevrolet C1500
7 P6 }+ N/ K8 Z/ c& C+ B& `GMC Sierra ST 15/20
: p. h J$ q$ l- b' }2 i+ `; THonda Civic C 29/38
, F2 o7 u0 n) @1 y6 pDodge Dakota ST 18/19
/ z. q. N, i8 L) s! ^; |( @Honda Civic Hybrid C 46/51
/ v! ]9 S: h) W$ ^4 K. ~' S9 \Dodge Ram 1500 ST 15/20" k5 E4 H( ^6 C5 o8 G4 |
Hyundai Elantra C 25/33
3 ^, W( r i0 T+ ^4 J5 GFord F150 ST 16/20
2 x. `& I/ b% iMazda Protégé C 25/30 7 B# T( N+ Q/ O) B% \9 j
Ford Ranger Pickup* ST 24/29
- d9 r0 v9 c4 B* R; `8 xMercedes C240 C 19/25 1 Q0 z. y" H. Q$ T' f
Nissan Frontier ST 22/25' i! t | m' E6 w# \' c
Nissan Sentra C 28/35
* Y8 Z% g& y1 Y; ^Toyota Tacoma ST 22/27
) f* E/ F' O% s) o; c/ b/ `. Y- TPontiac Grand Am C 24/33
6 o0 T3 b) E. L" ?$ |0 Y. gFord Econoline E250 CV 14/17
" H0 |1 P1 M; z8 T7 N7 V% ISAAB 9-3 C 23/31 ' `. N- g/ Z b5 ]% m
Chevrolet Venture MV 19/26
6 }+ d" t# r7 dSaturn Ion C 24/32
3 y/ _, K! x1 n. ?0 X. gChrysler/Dodge Caravan MV 18/25
/ V# B; \" N# M' s' XSubaru Legacy/Outback C 22/28
3 J! }6 `2 s4 E. I/ i$ pFord Windstar MV 17/23) ?4 v; j2 V$ p1 C$ Y: X3 P: b* ^9 J& g
Toyota Corolla C 29/38
& y' z1 m7 g$ ]0 \7 q0 PHonda Odyssey MV 18/25& ^6 Z& o. Y8 u3 n7 I1 a) j
Toyota Echo C 35/43 ' x- d# X/ ?0 j' k) ]8 K# S8 n) ^& f
Mazda MPV MV 18/25
* K1 o V7 g' A4 |Toyota Prius* C 52/45 $ [& s+ y* R7 u1 E9 _5 X8 _. p( S
Toyota Sienna MV 19/240 n7 M; V5 W& ]2 x4 d8 v3 G
Volkswagen Golf Diesel C 42/49 - l4 ^; B& U, K2 m5 F, [
Volkswagen Eurovan MV 17/20( o* v& t3 Z1 N a
Volkswagen Golf C 24/31
4 ^# a: O( A$ GBMW X5 SUV 16/21, u! ^% O4 m& n9 C. \* A
Volkswagen Jetta Diesel C 42/49 1 T% H& H& N( d, X
Chevrolet Suburban SUV 13/17
3 w2 v( M2 L1 [$ FVolkswagen Jetta C 24/31 & P7 h0 V/ w# p- w8 Y
Chevrolet Tahoe SUV 14/18
" l+ t2 z. ?" nVolvo S40 C 22/30
- E. X) L; e/ J* B* tChevrolet Trailblazer SUV 15/21
$ ~. A7 r8 B: P; i+ RVolvo S60 C 20/28 s4 Q: o1 {0 b1 d! V& x
Dodge Durango SUV 14/18& z# k& W# p5 x4 x+ P- Y
Acura 3.2 TL M 19/29
# H2 e+ F# Q6 {! T" B9 V3 b+ mFord Escape SUV 18/23. s9 i# {' l. O' K( o0 m2 ?
Audi A6 M 20/27 3 t8 F* g3 v+ b9 D1 d0 i J4 S
Ford Expedition SUV 14/18
, r; g" m& g/ [- Q3 s: ^Buick Century M 20/29
0 ?0 \ O: n: i+ A3 k* H$ Q+ W+ }Ford Explorer SUV 14/19
! V9 Z4 s" }0 V! g7 FBuick Regal M 19/29 : ^- d' T; f; E) E( }. P
Honda CRV SUV 22/26( h% `, w0 M9 k# |
Chrysler Sebring
7 d# j$ m+ _2 S! | `' q5 e0 lDodge Stratus M 22/30 9 J; z( r# g* } B% h
Jeep Grand Cherokee SUV 16/21
# L6 e- O7 `$ p9 gHonda Accord* M 24/33 ' }2 V: W' q0 @3 a' t0 }
Jeep Liberty SUV 17/21" R& @" a; |" t% K7 l6 ~
Hyundai Sonata M 22/30 2 M$ q5 j- m& ^7 d# T/ U$ z$ B
Nissan Pathfinder SUV 15/19
1 T4 d$ e$ t3 I- r- `Jaguar S-Type 3.0 Litre M 18/26
9 u" Z O2 b. i2 BSaturn Vue SUV 21/26) J* O( d4 V- P, Q5 a
Lexus ES 300 M 21/29
4 z+ D5 n( S7 e% e2 fSubaru Forester SUV 21/274 ^7 d, d6 O* G# A7 ^1 q- l
Mercedes-Benz E320 M 19/27
. t( m m/ ^% \6 s8 M v2 z6 c9 mToyota 4Runner SUV 15/19: g8 N% m7 `+ W
Nissan Altima M 23/29
2 o/ w! I' L, ]# ?Toyota RAV 4 SUV 22/27
2 H: O# r' \" _; S: {7 t3 {1 {/ Y( O* e4 ~
/ V' I( [) O; o+ Z/ \$ t7 A5 G) V* - Best in class TS – Two Seater MC – Minicompact SC – Subcompact C - Compact M – Midsize - Y, v# L# q1 D& z" r8 y
L – Large SPT – Small Pickup Truck 2WD ST – Standard Pickup Truck 2WD CV – Passenger/Cargo Van
8 i! X# N% E# ]/ sMV – Minivan SUV – Sport Utility Vehicle 4WD 7 m5 |( Y2 e) b) |* U
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Energy Facts and Figures
j6 T$ y% U, K% i2 AKarin B. Kirk
) _' ~! [: L' t( J! I- ^
8 W C E! I' oAssignment in addition to the basic Lifestyle Project$ ?. Z2 h. V H8 o1 y6 K
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During the first week of the Lifestyle Project, find two tasks that you normally do. Determine the energy requirements of each task, and water use or garbage output, if applicable. Do these tasks require large inputs of energy or create a lot of waste? Or are you surprised by how little energy a given task requires? You may need to do a bit of background research to determine the energy needs of various appliances or tasks. 6 \, W% e! S! G; `+ z$ _9 P2 J, e
Hot shower
5 N1 ~4 Q+ i8 x" O" N/ ?: S2 \* i. KThe shower uses up to 5 gallons of water per minute. It takes 440 Btu to heat one gallon of water, or 2200 Btu per minute. Thus, a 10 minute shower uses 50 gallons of water and 22,000 Btu of energy. A 20-minute shower uses a whopping 44,000 Btu! 8 q/ c/ z' {# C S# S4 x( a
2 o# F0 G. p7 n I5 e& I) |How about a bath? It takes about 35 gallons to fill the bathtub. This would require 15,400 Btu, and is equivalent to a 7 minute shower. So if you want a long, hot soak, taking a bath uses less water and energy than a long shower.
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Stereo7 h* n; s: Q) V( A/ L
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An average stereo uses 80 watts. To find out how much energy your stereo requires, look on the labels on the back. You should find a number followed by a "W." For instance 150W would mean 150 watts. Some appliances give the energy requirement in amps (for example 1.5 A). To convert amps to watts, multiply by 120 (1.5 amps x 120 volts = 180 watts).9 \5 r* b J) M# T! U( f; o
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Let's say you listened to your 80 watt stereo for 2 hours. This would be 160 watt-hours. If you divide watt-hours by 1000, you get kilowatt hours, and 3412 Btu is equivalent to one kilowatt hour.
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" Q7 X+ T! y4 {+ z$ }; G80 watts x 2 hours = 160 watt-hours
" V' g i0 F( l160 watt-hours/1000 = 0.16 kilowatt-hours/ G. T k$ D' E/ P- S; x
0.16 kilowatt-hours x 3412 Btu/kilowatt-hour = 546 Btu* M, u9 A9 G0 u; N* [0 A
So you can see that a ten minute shower uses much more energy that 2 hours of stereo playing.
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$ g# V5 K! j5 T G+ H) eLaundry
" t9 M) v- R4 @
1 Z `" P+ @ |9 A! x3 \It takes 40 gallons of water to do one load of laundry. The only thing you can do to minimize water use is to run only large, full loads of laundry. But you can reduce your energy use by choosing cooler water. Remember that it takes 440 Btu to heat one gallon of water. If you wash and rinse your laundry with hot water, this would require 17,600 Btu. If you use warm water, you could cut this number in half, or 8,800 Btu. If you use cold water, no energy is required to heat the water. The "bright colors" cycle on campus washing machines is the cold cycle.7 {7 K; G6 C$ W% A' w' b
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Cars
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Each gallon of gasoline is equivalent to 125,000 Btu. How much energy does it take to drive from Skidmore to Stratton Mt., Vermont for a day of skiing? This depends on the fuel efficiency of your car. ' X) G3 }% B6 \9 F: L
Here's a sampling of EPA fuel economy estimates for the 2003 model year) j" Q+ T" g: {/ {$ [- Y ~) h6 y
In Table I, you will see a sampling of EPA fuel economy estimates for the 2003 model year. The some of the information was gathered on the web by going to the manufacturer's web page. Interestingly, some manufacturer's web pages do not include EPA gas mileages. In some cases specific models, do not put the EPA gas mileages on their web pages. Guess why! The best resource is the EPA web page: http://www.fueleconomy.gov
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1 P+ d8 a6 B/ [& T; d: mSo if it's 62 miles from here to Stratton and you're driving a Chevy Blazer, let's say you'll get 20 miles/gallon (the average between city and highway miles). The 124 mile round trip will use 6.2 gallons of gasoline and 775,800 Btu. The same trip in a Honda Civic will use 3.1 gallons of gasoline and 387,500 Btu. The gluttonous Chevy Suburban will need 7.75 gallons and nearly 1,000,000 Btu to make the journey.
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5 s3 p5 d7 ~& i0 Q' P7 @% XOver the life of a car, the fuel economy makes a very large difference in the amount of gasoline used. Let's compare a Jeep Grand Cherokee with a Volvo station wagon over the life of the car. These cars are comparable in term of passenger and cargo space. Assume that both cars will last for 100,000 miles (which raises another issue over the longevity of some cars over others). The Volvo will require 4,081 gallons of gasoline. To drive the same 100,000 miles the Jeep will consume 6,250 gallons -- considerably more! You could save 2,169 gallons by buying a Volvo instead of a Jeep Cherokee. And you'd also be safer in the Volvo. Plus, they have heated seats.
# w: u0 U: N5 p8 xFurther information about fuel economy can be found at: www.fueleconomy.gov. From there you can find fuel economy figures for cars from 1985 to the present. There is also useful information how to maximize your fuel efficiency. Table I, below, contains generalized data from the EPA and is for cars and transmissions that we thought were the most likely for students (and some others for comparison). The size of the car is determined by the EPA based on interior passenger volume. You will find some surprises in the list. |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2006-4-28 07:54
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不会从英里换算到公里，求救！！！
楼主
发表于 2006-4-28 08:51
