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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑
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The Flap
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A flap occurs in three situations.
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  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds. `( J7 G" v' n0 [7 m+ |
      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.$ b- o) I6 Q0 a- g" o8 T- b
                                    
; F  k' d$ h+ I0 y; o         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.% I- E6 ~' O. H1 v/ X  w
                                    / o0 ^2 q8 \# A" |8 `% |. B$ z
                
$ C% z3 y3 r# W7 S1 a5 e  water becomes wader
7 I7 [  n2 i/ u! U+ @: A  Do you need some water?
% J2 J8 P! T& e2 G8 f  |                 
& `: u$ M8 z( g. Z  {4 @  letter becomes ledder4 s& P( E& j1 n' G! A0 Q" _
  The letter was in the mailbox.
; M  ?% ^8 P2 j- s! s' j0 o                  3 g; ?  a- R) z& J* [, M# t
  bottle becomes boddle
1 I( e2 N7 h- M$ Z0 J  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. % G; A0 q" k+ _" X
                
! g( W/ j$ E+ j( k  butter becomes budder8 Z/ E1 b. K7 @$ h9 {
  The butter melted in the sun.
% X+ a; \9 B( {& f0 ^6 Q7 c" I                                     
# O4 n, _- c% u6 }' H  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is" b0 j1 A, u8 u3 k4 n, h% m
      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth
' Z7 v4 l7 s; ?' S  G      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce# m' w- X; P& d
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very
- c4 Z2 @- w; M& L1 x  a7 I* K      quickly.   
1 ]1 e% U9 T* M                                     
& G* U5 E9 D3 o& Z# t1 }. ]$ T         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
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                   medical        She is a medical student.6 a7 M* z' O5 s# }: ]7 d
                   sediment            
6 q- v$ H: B: ?. D3 t! nThe sediment on the river bottom is course sand.
7 _% S4 k5 R& ^- y3 [$ n
7 h+ L0 r* b9 [6 ]3 ]$ H                    cadence            ! c  C( Q, ^* V' a; r
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.
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                   cider         This apple cider is great.
1 H: g5 E  Y9 }& t3 `                    spider        A spider has eight legs.
, a- x. I$ C& h4 D3 x/ I* T. d" w                                     
: ^$ B  G' d8 V* n1 y  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the$ p' r6 g: Z! K& T0 A& Q( q  X
       next. (see section on linking)
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        Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
: F5 W  N" [9 y, }' D                   
. Y  s" C& s, E7 O9 }            'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way
. V, ]( s8 j; z$ q- _; u- v          I'll get your bags right away sir.
3 t  q, _1 s3 X! w  n
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           'what if' becomes whad dif
9 p; R1 a( N( [. d+ m          What if we go to Paris for vacation?
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# Y3 b! r- u7 u/ D/ _( [
                  
6 ^; S6 c9 w) o. l             'might I' becomes migh(d) di         
6 U5 }6 z0 i8 f& M  y0 P" U           Might I suggest a new tie?
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Note: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to+ x) i3 [+ u6 B8 R& v" t
          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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When a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
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                           & O7 K& L/ ~+ p+ _* V1 h
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
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) ?$ E, l) w' e! C& A" [        
  p7 ]6 W3 i: j0 Q: E/ a+ c    'eaten' becomes ea'n  0 N- V" {5 \9 m2 _- q8 \# e( I
   Have you eaten yet?0 u/ W7 j3 B  C  H/ }9 f, {
        * |0 b. x- Y: n# i$ M
    'satin' becomes sa'n  4 |. E* H# t" m9 M
   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.
$ `- H' {2 P& r) E8 R9 k        
  G. g$ ~# O3 W4 S- L3 H    'sentence' becomes se'ence $ K6 w4 T4 ~8 d$ P4 W
   This sentence makes no sense.
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    'mountian' becomes moun'n      y4 ]/ j- f3 _& V9 I8 W6 P% i8 K
   I'm not much of a mountain climber.
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    'getting' become ge'n        " ~+ o) v9 i1 m8 D9 X+ _( w4 o% Q4 t  ?
   I'm getting to old for this.7 T* }7 {+ S4 ^! Q' Y( ?! e) K
        : d0 \1 X; z' g& {+ `; Z) b+ Q
    'button' becomes but'n    ) p) k  Z7 O$ \; @' D+ h' N( `
   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't; u& W+ V5 R8 Q3 K
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In an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed., y5 v% p2 o0 v* p; G0 h" S! a2 u
                                             2 |/ O$ `4 `; }& R! i# W
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
; e( C" ^0 H6 T7 f$ |   Then the word is used in a sentence.9 l! A" n% ^& B: f( M5 W8 L
                                             
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$ u; Y# s4 J* u0 K   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  
5 X4 Q* p% V; F" y4 r   We can swim in the lake.
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2 t- ~" I" K3 y2 \4 ]         4 ~# S" L- m" z# |
   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.
/ n/ h) I1 }  b" c0 p   I can cook pizza.* i+ p( f" C0 C3 e* e" v7 c  c

- [( W: c# g5 H% B. {4 R) c 2 O4 x( t' }% h( I! p
        - x- R, E$ e  s' l" d6 g* M
   'She can read' becomes she kn read  
7 w5 V8 \; b/ L" u" Y   She can read Italian and Russian.4 m0 V9 D; o' _

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# A0 M* u9 `' ?' `( s   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.
  N) }9 v/ S6 c) }$ @& h* w0 t   They can ride on the roller coaster.$ W- o0 ~) L2 Q' B3 K0 d0 p
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In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.
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   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main8 F- W7 K& [# g
   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
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  'We can't go' becomes
$ V# ?' @. m0 ?: f* K# j   We KAN' GO.  
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We can go to the movies.* T7 t! c& ]' O# g( {9 y* `
We can't go to the movies.
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* p9 j- Y1 u/ X9 S  'Larry can't speak' becomes
- m- J, ]) _- z1 U& M8 c   Larry KAN' SPEAK.6 F: N* i4 B' F5 I# r

' k$ `. s. K' BLarry can speak French.
1 @* g3 T) @, G4 sLarry can't speak French., C" U) q. t. w
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! Z8 {9 [# I+ v8 S* N; A5 B. U  'She can't do it' becomes- a. W: ~* o( Y; a
   She KAN' DO it   
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2 ]) p  G5 r0 b* \  UShe can do it.$ \* Y: i3 M4 P. g' K, O) u
She can't do it.
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; P, J! R' F! t; d0 O- R0 d  'Some people can't sing' becomes
5 `; P4 y( V9 j: L% A   Some people KAN' SING* H3 d" D7 ]! W) b3 g  {
Some people can sing.8 X4 ?9 y+ x. D8 R% @! |
Some people can't sing.
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" t1 V& Y& h% W. q( _9 W0 N                                              
1 Q; @$ V0 F, OIf the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)9 B! u) ~" w  l/ _* ]
                                             1 G! g/ _1 e7 q9 X, a5 J
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
8 q8 @* p. u' o6 [& `   Then the word is used in a sentence.
. W3 C: E) n5 S4 X6 {; Y  I                                              
2 ^4 d, U7 E$ O0 X        
* I1 C# r$ |+ X+ s0 c   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)9 h, r  r. G" r0 w* M+ Z, \
   We can't attend the concert.  U. e( M4 |6 s: C0 L
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   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)! \# M' M! F1 J; k) `/ k# T2 ^! d
   Wally can't invite her to the party.
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9 `  f, [7 ^" u0 H) G   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)0 y% X2 K0 ~2 C4 f1 s+ X* G
   He can't answer the question.
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   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )
: O* c1 I2 q" Y8 ?% s1 H) \8 X' l6 x   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions
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Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)7 P/ g6 n! z) V* ^3 Y3 }) A4 G1 `
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( \7 W$ p0 B' x     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound) o( L9 K6 W. e8 \& B/ h
     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.% w# Q: E6 W# q
                          
) ^+ L; r# ~& I/ a        
! F8 y* M3 z4 \- J" x" l    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      ( J2 {0 B2 Y, V0 s
   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?. B9 p! ^. ^! n% K8 |
       
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        ( ]8 T* i; p) X, a
    'couldn't' becomes couldn' + i0 W5 j  m7 [. D
    I couldn't do it because I was sick.
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8 {) C  H0 C' {+ F    'shouldn't' becomes should'n          $ @- o! D, `8 [" x' a( X1 e
   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.
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    ; _0 @( I/ P3 O" i

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    'doesn't' becomes doesn'3 H7 g6 a3 X& ^; |5 O* q
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
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