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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑 ( Y  h3 P# d' V6 F, a* b7 b8 e! ~0 U
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The Flap$ V- n6 \8 a6 N5 U; J5 W1 u
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A flap occurs in three situations.
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  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds& n# c: B2 w" B* C
      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.
& h3 K# I# t+ `# N" h. ]                                     
4 w  E& ^) n/ h+ \! F8 n         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.4 M. }. o# |+ N0 n% K
                                    9 `- ^4 U4 {, n2 |: |
                 ( @5 w( O- B# s5 @
  water becomes wader8 H. x# D# S5 ?# s9 }4 U  O% a
  Do you need some water?0 Z& U% S! N* w! u9 U& W
                
7 f6 l4 e7 b' m/ O7 y3 C5 l, ~  letter becomes ledder
1 J; G9 ]3 M, ~8 Q: Y  The letter was in the mailbox. - l0 L3 p9 F& H/ H& _* S5 n, {
                
) C2 R8 q, \" j$ v" o- H( ^+ w8 [  bottle becomes boddle0 l; r' \/ |9 V3 i! P$ r
  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. 4 f) d( S! o& @, d
                 8 }; @9 F$ ~3 H' @" A
  butter becomes budder9 B$ r' g. i% Q+ V8 y( ?
  The butter melted in the sun.
" o. L  R/ Y' U; r* W                                     
7 f' w0 V/ V6 h' l* {  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is
& d3 v7 C4 F: j0 E      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth, r: L& F6 O. D% n
      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce
% ?7 }0 g; p) K/ v5 y4 E! I' e      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very+ ?( ?% t5 E  G' b
      quickly.    ) T) m, J( p/ `
                                    5 `2 m, m1 Z. y, \
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.! i: L+ G* o/ R3 f) G( `" y& W
                                    
7 f8 C3 w' N, a- I# i$ I, [( V$ A                    medical        She is a medical student.
. N% n$ l4 w5 I  ?# ^4 |                    sediment             : ~% N# z* B. E2 V7 N
The sediment on the river bottom is course sand./ E, Q" t( R* e. l# f
$ h: U3 N6 g; l$ M; |! t5 Y
                   cadence           
# D: E* ]! ]& S' N& Z; y6 _Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.
# J2 _7 ~# X: ~" C7 a 7 l$ t% Z, B" z( [  {
                   cider         This apple cider is great.) R! F8 ^/ o4 {3 {0 |
                   spider        A spider has eight legs.
& L' D- ~. J" D, h- Z                                     / J* I! p8 t! w! m5 M- g" y
  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the5 u3 i) k9 }; s9 Y
       next. (see section on linking)
, o" ]  P& ?+ g5 [# a                   % j. j, F; z% U. J6 Q2 |
        Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
; W. B1 w! Z& k                   
; k" l% l$ q% b. {8 v1 y8 \            'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way
: h  c0 U; K' O- O3 q- v          I'll get your bags right away sir.
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                  9 @- }7 g: z3 _0 `+ o
           'what if' becomes whad dif
1 l7 e1 e3 a% K- m          What if we go to Paris for vacation?
9 `7 @* a; l1 O7 _4 A  ~: ]# R. t  ]. k, h4 H4 j

- ~. `( ?5 V7 B- v: ?& b, A                   / _4 B* P9 G  Y
            'might I' becomes migh(d) di          * j( R3 Y3 v- J" c+ O* M
           Might I suggest a new tie?
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                  * h  i0 ^9 r" o  ~( l5 l& Y% h
        ' L& ^. W# @3 O
Note: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to; m$ @) J: O' P9 s6 b  y% K2 ?
          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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& s/ Q) Q5 @  M8 E( M& nWhen a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
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                           6 n* p7 u9 M8 K0 e7 g
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
) Q  m  F, }* k                            
) ]: v* R$ q; g$ C) ?# L+ r% G7 ^        
0 s5 U2 f$ n* J4 A4 R    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
7 X9 B+ |5 h7 ^& k   Have you eaten yet?
8 d/ Z7 Q: c. E' J  x        
+ X( t  ^2 y- j# t& }# {" v1 m    'satin' becomes sa'n  
( d' q6 T2 R8 s1 d# m' q: c7 |, M   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.2 O. P; t: ~) A# Z# w0 z' C5 p
       
& y! I, D( ]+ h0 \( c7 m" l    'sentence' becomes se'ence
0 `+ r3 [3 N; D   This sentence makes no sense.
" o7 a! I' p! F, R& D        
- {9 T- ~1 m3 ~) q) b) n    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
* t/ @* G8 ?7 i: t   I'm not much of a mountain climber.- Q( F5 I, ]% D) B* u; |
        0 |* ?2 I# N( G: |  j; u9 s
    'getting' become ge'n        ! W# t7 q/ t8 ^8 U# u
   I'm getting to old for this.
  @( q) J! I4 N9 m  E        
6 Q4 V5 k5 C) C8 }$ Q: d, F    'button' becomes but'n   
( J: N( W1 d$ A. B) |  }0 T4 a: N   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't
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# x  y& b5 |- S4 z" r2 t1 ?; ^In an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
! T. H/ F9 X, \7 C. H                                              5 O, |; K! j! u5 e
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
$ b* A- t) W9 ^1 L9 M# S   Then the word is used in a sentence.+ A1 i) u1 p1 Q- ~7 q
                                             
4 _0 H, w1 c9 j+ Y        
1 N) |% e% b, @, k1 E   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  7 W+ }& z; d. O) R+ @. Z9 D' n
   We can swim in the lake.9 S$ Y7 I, g7 @7 |

, w5 O7 _1 Q- S/ q
3 N( ?: |8 }) H# _) c% A3 Q0 X4 M, r        
: t' D) ^" R6 L$ z/ n' }  W   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.' T+ j+ S, C0 X( p
   I can cook pizza.
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; V1 @) b  L! L" G  \) v; L        
9 W' N- o& p$ ]& `7 N. v   'She can read' becomes she kn read  " S' t6 U+ Q% m' l" Z6 w6 x
   She can read Italian and Russian.
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, v: b% Y# f( d7 O3 e! q        
+ d/ A" V) ~3 `# K   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.; X% j# S! d5 n5 n6 z9 B! a
   They can ride on the roller coaster.
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9 K, P: G8 b+ g9 [                                              % ~7 r$ z/ {( }& c
In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.
4 v9 D5 g- h: [: e! O                                              
+ t0 l3 O- U6 {) u: ]" [6 ]   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main$ w) C, S: @  J% }1 c( V% B
   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
# R% b1 V# R- e+ K  {4 z                                              ) n* k) O/ R5 G4 m  }
       
) ~( @/ _' p: Z- r  'We can't go' becomes 8 S7 O" q* y$ S& S1 N. u( N' V9 o" H
   We KAN' GO.  
4 V$ c3 h6 T4 b- G  ?2 Z5 T% j
" \  V6 c7 y0 }+ gWe can go to the movies.
* q9 }. _/ Y) E* W2 G7 EWe can't go to the movies.4 @9 h" E) X0 f8 I

' R5 |8 q- o6 L6 y# p         : p1 h; E  N* A- F5 g* g
  'Larry can't speak' becomes
& y1 G" U* p# U   Larry KAN' SPEAK.
. I' u5 H: ]8 k6 S  n/ F  `
) F) [  w- g' k' ]Larry can speak French.
5 `8 c/ r# D3 h+ P+ eLarry can't speak French.* c" T4 M# P( ?. W3 U* l7 e

; U' [$ G$ Q" y+ |3 g         * V4 d# K% Z$ h
  'She can't do it' becomes
2 |* s/ B: X# z4 m' r: j   She KAN' DO it   
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% J2 i5 S* G# d( R9 f8 `She can do it.
* Q% [! e$ K9 L: r; N& }She can't do it.* w: L7 F7 ?& \& Z& L/ ]. {
" s7 {" a4 D+ a" Y) O) I. ]' _. w1 o
       
+ r' m; e1 _% R  ~+ i1 U  'Some people can't sing' becomes- O, a6 `9 }9 N  p, T& ^7 h) C3 G
   Some people KAN' SING# |- ?$ Q3 G% ?. u) ^
Some people can sing.! W" b5 g  S+ L9 G& R, O
Some people can't sing.
, p7 d& K3 F5 U* S- f4 Z7 k
) R- N6 V4 z. Y+ _% |' T; P                                              % L3 t# r/ R5 G; F# k$ J2 l
If the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)$ i, n. Y; n* p; l
                                             
/ D! H: W. d6 P3 C8 Z- @# Q% ?   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
* C1 b6 L  A- s  y- _& o   Then the word is used in a sentence.
4 C! j2 u% Q$ s1 g; u                                              
! m( y5 B! e8 M( f  b         , n5 K' e6 r0 Q/ a
   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)
/ A/ G: k. _) B# y   We can't attend the concert.
. ^. P- h' a0 _* p9 a& R1 o         : g8 J9 ?9 _0 `$ C; G6 c
   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)
9 A  h+ U2 V/ }; P   Wally can't invite her to the party.
! _$ L7 f! X; J: n         4 S" w: l. f. i; y' f( i' d! }3 |  p
   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)
7 `4 N! ?5 A& {+ l; P   He can't answer the question.: L  m) m$ q  L, p$ |  @  T# ^
# D2 M3 s( R5 o9 Q
       
+ q# C9 L& U; K1 T   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )
9 J* W1 P& }7 b5 Z6 m   I can't understand what you are saying.
大型搬家
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions8 ~4 }; Y2 D7 e; M5 p
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Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)
# I) Q, ^% ]: d9 Z6 ^  n3 u. S) b. t
                  
7 g8 ^$ J8 m; s  i% D1 t9 c     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
! u0 B' [+ P8 h5 F& E     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
; r1 L9 J/ {1 ?9 N% U5 Q                           ! ?9 H1 h$ e/ Z+ }( O- ~' [
        8 ~* r2 S$ A3 \1 Y& @
    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      6 Z# n3 v6 w3 I, _. n( @7 _
   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?7 Q6 L2 j4 I- `3 g
        / a  S9 Y& J+ a; c% T6 Y
   
% k' {! ^  }7 q# p) Z: p , W5 v. U, ~0 S
       
& x% @2 M2 k3 {) k; O    'couldn't' becomes couldn'
9 q' P( i1 t6 Q' T% x; ~) Y2 H0 k    I couldn't do it because I was sick./ D! `8 d2 o( }+ t
        8 _6 w4 S) N! O( n# v( v
   
0 \9 L& L3 N/ L. |  [ 8 d2 u' ]8 G4 C% l' v1 A- O7 d
       
0 L0 s* A1 E8 j  O# A7 l    'shouldn't' becomes should'n         
8 E  i/ j$ K- {0 h* }* M+ _2 e   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.+ w; H6 }$ K" h# u
       
3 ~3 {, j3 T! y2 {+ L5 h      B! p# W9 J& `# v

4 S5 c; _8 h. o; Z! L: P; C( h" ?        
4 }8 S! @. M; o# N/ K6 _2 a    'doesn't' becomes doesn'
3 m. p& b3 O7 J6 z) w# z+ s   Larry doesn't study hard enough." t. r8 H- Q. X8 i7 c& S% G3 l
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