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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑 % X, K  o3 i1 a

5 A, _' _6 i! \$ fThe Flap0 X; r/ Y1 E$ _+ |/ q1 K
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A flap occurs in three situations.
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2 f( \/ e" G6 [" T: G( R  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
5 g9 ^8 v1 _7 U. N      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.& c) n1 _6 c! v+ c2 I4 m
                                    
/ D& ]& Y6 d1 P6 T0 }         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.2 L2 u7 R# E9 u3 p$ N$ g4 }
                                    5 Q6 o9 ]5 g' k) g! p2 c
                
: B! C7 z8 U4 b. R  water becomes wader
, e2 v4 I$ A3 i3 n0 b* K1 U" ~  Do you need some water?5 N1 f6 d$ O2 }( e9 ~1 a# p1 M
                 7 a; r0 N/ t3 R0 i7 g
  letter becomes ledder( Y& x5 \) n8 [3 E- m
  The letter was in the mailbox.
2 q+ T" u' t' s0 g0 S: W                  ( j5 E: Y/ ?7 U& b+ V
  bottle becomes boddle6 R9 ?+ X" }7 I* ~4 g  F" |, ?
  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. ) g3 Q; W9 U! c7 z6 k2 D3 k4 X" [: v
                
8 x* O# P: D* |7 J9 j  butter becomes budder' H- w6 b& W& I. y3 r1 w  U
  The butter melted in the sun. + D$ |' s1 g; p0 w
                                    
8 |( W; H1 b( J" x  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is
9 s9 n- P3 R3 o  ~      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth# q* k+ k/ [1 l  N. x1 A$ Q+ e4 {4 A
      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce$ g. V5 K1 j( A, R+ c
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very
+ k4 g2 p/ G' j. j      quickly.    % V* E, p! {: h) w5 v4 e
                                    
! s* B$ c! w2 ^4 O9 y2 ^         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.8 O, G" Y. F2 `
                                    6 [2 B6 a' |+ `$ ?! f; R' c# @% G
                   medical        She is a medical student.+ R+ ?/ ?( ^. l- Q% U
                   sediment             5 a- y6 }0 g  N' m
The sediment on the river bottom is course sand.; j+ y! ~4 v7 j' w$ Y0 H

/ {9 P4 j# A7 d3 P6 C9 }2 v8 ~                    cadence            , ]$ q: `  C: V0 N: s3 f. s& s
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.5 q$ A+ M8 b! W' @+ \/ ?2 }
' c+ d* d/ ?  L! d: ]( e
                   cider         This apple cider is great.
1 l+ a/ g/ q7 p0 o% f                    spider        A spider has eight legs.9 P) F4 r1 `* i% s+ [
                                    
& {' _* v1 s& o5 h; h: z8 g: C  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the5 _! m& ?$ y1 N1 _
       next. (see section on linking)+ S) g. k( C/ |9 x. m
                  
- ^- W+ b2 r+ H         Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.6 k6 h* K1 Q6 a  w* W! _+ ^8 U
                  : ]- ?! x6 p* u& k6 N
           'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way
6 N  M* Z9 \7 L' O, G          I'll get your bags right away sir.$ k& D% I% B- J& m' p. J

  V* C$ ?  u- |9 G7 F2 M : F$ _6 H8 s4 i  L% K% B
                  
  Z! a4 H: |! U! t  F            'what if' becomes whad dif
! l  u, ]+ a7 m7 z4 z! j          What if we go to Paris for vacation?
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                  : Y. U$ _/ }5 p* I; u& v
            'might I' becomes migh(d) di         
4 m6 I! E$ B# j6 j           Might I suggest a new tie?
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        7 @' [  w. n$ x0 w' u/ d& A; a
Note: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
3 s2 c, F/ D! z; ]" K+ s! B2 ^          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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+ D9 {! C# z! _! G4 eWhen a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.3 \# ^- D1 w" \) I5 `

; r8 M2 ~5 R3 r                            
- j! `- c% S5 r7 I, U         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
/ i/ Q; Z# `  b2 _* z8 w! f                            5 M/ V, |) p* z+ N8 w
        5 s. B- G( _$ O0 i0 E
    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
2 e1 I0 p5 k: \/ a6 L: J+ P   Have you eaten yet?
* @; x+ T0 F7 h- W& w1 f5 @         / ]5 T( [, X' Y  ]) d, {. e/ y
    'satin' becomes sa'n  
, G; B3 E: E% a! F   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.9 r) b& f  q4 J5 c
       
1 w* v7 s. Y, B2 z" G& V4 Z' p0 V    'sentence' becomes se'ence & [1 E' e) M1 h3 Q  l! @
   This sentence makes no sense.) g# }. H, E- k- b0 l4 u" f8 u8 {
        " r0 a/ W4 A) z( [# b9 @3 Z* s( O# m
    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
0 _! e% X+ G" }9 i" C# }" K# w   I'm not much of a mountain climber.
3 Q: B6 ?# Y- u% ~+ ?; v& E7 ^2 s         % H8 ~- m0 O* {2 ]6 H
    'getting' become ge'n        ! k& g3 @$ \* s9 f" s
   I'm getting to old for this.# o5 @0 _7 H2 E$ |/ p( J! V
        6 R6 Q8 x) L* _8 k) K' s  {
    'button' becomes but'n    * x: w% H% x% t/ o9 b3 x+ p$ C
   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't
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5 Q3 h! b# O0 f( B+ T& EIn an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
, @7 m! x/ `$ f                                              
) n( z0 @+ ~  L1 C: |6 t( n   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
! F7 }0 w+ s# n7 j2 q   Then the word is used in a sentence.
4 {7 e* S5 s% w* X5 H+ k7 F1 o                                              6 i$ h/ X3 A( U
        ; Y" E( D! N+ J' d
   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  ' T5 ?8 I7 g% m; c* p- S
   We can swim in the lake.4 v5 [0 V8 `  W
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8 H6 m" s+ Y# Q5 ~& w
       
6 V% h# |& \2 [; L   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.8 h* ^, X7 f' S' x9 M3 t
   I can cook pizza.
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        ( f8 |  |8 \1 M: M
   'She can read' becomes she kn read  % U3 e* m$ @9 T6 ?* T" w1 A
   She can read Italian and Russian.
9 K0 Q$ ^# M7 S/ Z! r/ [* b) X: m3 l* \
& Q) v) `: X! }& W( X
       
- m: H) }% p5 y8 i4 k   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.5 @) p' {, V8 R
   They can ride on the roller coaster.
; ?" R, K) [. ~) N4 W) |% L: {
8 F: N' v/ O5 n2 F$ h7 G7 f% {                                              + S! L0 H3 x6 G, U. P
In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.
6 P3 z: Z- R- l" r$ ~8 }) o# J                                              / T) y1 t% ^& ^, p! H
   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main
% ~* K8 N6 `% C7 T* b7 _. J7 `; W( Z   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.* a$ K; m, Z- ?& B) Z
                                             
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  'We can't go' becomes & `/ f$ z$ ]' `
   We KAN' GO.  
3 n# U! V. S4 D/ [2 t" q; D! R" V2 L7 e0 h1 s; A+ g, K; h
We can go to the movies.
, g9 f! U/ j8 v, y- z  PWe can't go to the movies." ?. Y$ U* _: d. J7 k  [

  M7 l( w6 \0 }" g& B' J: u2 J" I- [4 _        
6 }- x. B! P0 x+ N( J/ z( V  'Larry can't speak' becomes
% u# I% P6 i; y0 k3 m% m   Larry KAN' SPEAK.  G0 Z5 L0 a% H, \- u

3 O# U2 S, E0 e9 zLarry can speak French.8 O# W* P7 N% m, h; z( S: g
Larry can't speak French.
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, Z8 F" u. A" g) c" H0 q  'She can't do it' becomes
+ q' v6 C: u0 ]# R. u0 X+ ^! C: A   She KAN' DO it    * g, N. p* R/ H! \  O
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She can do it.
9 K' S) {" M$ s8 X6 oShe can't do it.8 H( W; b3 }6 t! F4 n
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        1 j# P7 l) p/ Y' H( E3 l9 Y
  'Some people can't sing' becomes" D5 K! u  _0 J# O6 g0 M
   Some people KAN' SING) U7 u- a* v: }" l" u* F/ Z6 H+ p, s$ Q
Some people can sing.; x$ s# [7 m( ?7 a9 o4 g  L$ p7 P
Some people can't sing.
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                                             : N* G( @- K) K, a+ B! `
If the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
5 R2 j7 \2 C9 P* y- \                                                V5 A/ t2 {5 \
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
, [# D2 g. v5 K! z3 E2 b   Then the word is used in a sentence.' W. j2 H2 r; K! x$ u6 ?3 [
                                             
. ]1 l* F. J& ?) S3 n  q, Y- l& t         6 A* C  C. W( {% w! u
   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)( h2 S6 P" c* D- O8 `% M
   We can't attend the concert.
. L& c- O+ n3 ]( k+ D# [1 t        
) O2 g- i& X: u( B. d4 l% O2 B* p" f   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)
; L" X  G! m- y+ `   Wally can't invite her to the party.
3 u4 c/ W. D1 e         & x+ f) w, {- U0 l
   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)
$ j% G/ a0 B9 J8 C/ |  l2 P   He can't answer the question.. _( p* S- y2 N2 m
6 [9 D8 P: b4 O  t& ?
        ; E0 u, A- l3 \9 s& q  X% E
   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )9 k2 Q, a3 e2 C: _5 E  C
   I can't understand what you are saying.
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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions' n" c& S/ t/ M' @- X$ l1 P
+ h. s$ K2 p* T/ m8 V, O
Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)8 J) T4 n; Y/ s3 H+ U. U' i( O1 ^
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                  % R- e$ G( W8 n) l- j" ?" Q9 W
     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound4 j% l0 u2 s# H. C
     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
  G9 f+ f3 v6 U                           2 ^6 A- I9 e' L$ k! a, l
       
  _9 k0 x& e( ?1 v    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      
2 m$ Q) R2 G" Y$ z, b3 [, H% Z; y   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?
9 X, \; d( C8 I3 P. V        
5 [4 B, @; \( C" x. @+ [+ i5 v   
# [' f' B1 d6 e$ [; w * E7 o* p1 b& i/ r! d/ e7 `) V
       
6 R' L- d8 D: ^9 f; f& f/ F    'couldn't' becomes couldn' 3 M7 j- I! H: O! j" p
    I couldn't do it because I was sick.: L9 s; P' n& i
        0 l5 N9 {- W. w
    . a/ `: ?: m- P
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0 @# J3 ^9 f- N! y' {    'shouldn't' becomes should'n         
6 Z7 h0 Q7 I  P7 b7 @! i   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.
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    'doesn't' becomes doesn'  I! a: |' X: F9 \/ J1 H
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
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