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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑
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3 t1 z7 p) K' d( `+ }The Flap
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" L" B& j5 z. @- ^0 B6 M# EA flap occurs in three situations.
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  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds( x) Y- {* ?4 j9 P/ M& H, O
      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.9 A8 w0 }$ P6 K4 B
                                    3 O) z! B/ W5 O
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
0 e6 W7 a  v" n* e                                     4 X* p! u% _0 H
                 " x6 [' z* z& X5 B2 h- t
  water becomes wader
& I9 f- B0 d/ g' o  Do you need some water?
( b* H: n: r  }# F4 U                 
' b  i+ C2 K! U, H5 S  letter becomes ledder% ^8 F3 T  p% N5 n3 p
  The letter was in the mailbox.   C3 `2 q. O3 a' Q1 C$ C' [2 W
                
6 {) W+ R, x) w9 O' s  bottle becomes boddle
/ J  m' Y1 M( l  ?% Z  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. ' S! h5 k" O8 [1 i2 Y6 B- K" U
                
5 O. i: V% k2 ~2 g1 k  butter becomes budder- `; g  X( o3 }5 {) o
  The butter melted in the sun. ( i% x+ R/ v' ^
                                    9 E, Y' ]4 c3 W0 J
  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is8 D0 g8 b+ e7 _( H+ o- J  j
      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth
3 ?2 q$ _3 E7 P# l      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce
0 R5 n4 G7 D6 e5 m3 |- U      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very
1 I& y2 x4 u  V      quickly.   
' m" M+ j5 N/ a5 o. M                                     + m; A6 U( i7 ~5 f
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence." `( u- z/ W. I2 B
                                    
: j: l4 l' N, N" g& `                    medical        She is a medical student.
6 j* O& U, m0 ~5 m                    sediment             6 ?2 b5 W" u1 E, Y. L
The sediment on the river bottom is course sand.! ~# E# R4 @+ C! q; j

( m! F: z" Z8 l+ I! f                    cadence            ! h2 B9 R1 U/ i$ I/ Q) m. C
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.0 F% l0 f' ?3 v; ]2 E8 K$ V
5 b* R$ ]; e) Q4 V2 Q3 u) i& l
                   cider         This apple cider is great.# D0 x( H) @" x& D" b4 Y7 @1 Z
                   spider        A spider has eight legs.5 g' V( d8 F1 C4 f7 R9 l
                                    
- M1 U0 p% ]4 B  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the, z* ^; w+ g1 p% F4 c! ~; \
       next. (see section on linking)
" V, w% a7 h( q                   0 y0 N) f, a2 B: J  `# x
        Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
& Z2 k1 Z3 R) ?/ K5 D. ~- s6 B1 {; Q                   
- u' A: M. w8 g! t! a; y5 P; N            'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way
. t: N' U2 O/ ~+ N          I'll get your bags right away sir.$ S; H# a" _( q4 k

1 V( a. ]0 O/ G4 H" ~ & x8 o$ ]+ x# Y; \! X9 V, U& T) e
                  
. V, L1 r% t8 N* B! \- X0 j            'what if' becomes whad dif
3 Y( L% R5 M8 X$ O5 H          What if we go to Paris for vacation?0 H6 V* i0 t. j$ a1 L
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$ L9 w' E: Q! |2 m) D0 n+ x3 \5 u
                  
- X9 m% N5 |: e$ c             'might I' becomes migh(d) di          ; x9 T& a! i/ J+ B+ c: p
           Might I suggest a new tie?
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* D$ v5 F& z+ R7 eNote: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
# b# b: `7 P5 I          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop6 T' R7 W) h( S/ d7 \# P

1 C) a; r' Y5 Z1 M2 M/ ZWhen a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
1 g! I  {  S) k2 a+ Z  y' T7 B* j# Y7 _: N8 M% N- ~
                           
1 Q# e3 \% ]8 `* N, K) Y% S         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
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    'eaten' becomes ea'n  * I! W, T% m, E8 Y% I8 s: r
   Have you eaten yet?2 h; k  ], w+ H6 J/ M5 F4 a3 O6 F
       
2 ^7 ^9 Z( W- y    'satin' becomes sa'n  
9 r6 N$ t* P/ K5 f   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.
, C/ m. _5 r* {& O3 i         6 E. j7 B1 Z2 P( Y) S6 G8 O
    'sentence' becomes se'ence 2 \6 ^+ H/ C" g& z1 N: F
   This sentence makes no sense.: t' K2 V7 n( F- D5 ]
       
' y8 R( J5 s+ h8 s+ ?: m- Y    'mountian' becomes moun'n    ( _0 s9 f5 f5 K! A# G* d# _8 [
   I'm not much of a mountain climber.  l( K) n9 P6 e% @, n9 b
        7 ~' i( W8 P6 L; n: b  N) d
    'getting' become ge'n        9 y. U" I1 d8 S3 ^9 ^
   I'm getting to old for this.  r9 A, O9 g' V0 B% `
        % Y! S& ?6 K8 U. g) [
    'button' becomes but'n    2 j; {6 ?. T1 z* M
   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't: c0 H' c$ Y% ^* h

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. M, p, u4 F/ I* H+ n2 fIn an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
& M5 t1 F5 I& v5 F, Q$ ]0 n  v! T                                              3 V% Q( h9 X/ a4 o. A1 g
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.2 M7 a" l  D1 h7 w' R% x
   Then the word is used in a sentence.: J4 k5 m' ?$ L7 V; h
                                             6 ^' Y- b' y/ _2 q" o
        - y1 M6 p9 T; q" T" F4 ~) K% g( L8 Q
   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  ; Z: |" {% Q, ~$ C0 p
   We can swim in the lake.
8 P! _& k. _# g/ X- t
' k, n& t; l9 a; B* _& I4 p6 \ 8 v" ?1 q6 x" Q% X
       
* m* V  m+ H5 U. b8 i6 G   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.
$ u* T- P, Q3 ^8 D0 |' \   I can cook pizza.
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5 f1 [  R% Q# b5 t+ o. b$ o
        3 M/ z/ x* @' E8 I1 H+ P
   'She can read' becomes she kn read  
. L! f& B/ h2 Q   She can read Italian and Russian.
: b; w' `8 f* u% Q; S5 e7 |
* {8 Z8 E* a! y
$ Z, b) c! s! U        
/ _8 W  V+ ?1 e   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.
# E1 n2 p, m8 @* }0 B# z1 }. i; T   They can ride on the roller coaster.
6 H% V5 d3 `, ~$ P6 f
, ?  t+ E* e: l* r                                              
6 J+ W+ \! x0 Q, PIn the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.) \/ g, H+ ]6 _( Q+ ~. ~+ w; g
                                             
' y# I0 w+ U( S   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main
5 Q; {! I5 `9 I: B5 u$ B   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
, ^5 V) }7 ^8 a2 b4 _7 S                                              : W3 u4 J4 _  {/ K0 ]8 c) t
        . @- Y0 u- j6 f% K# e& _
  'We can't go' becomes
, ]9 N- N1 D5 R9 V. w4 G7 U   We KAN' GO.  8 t; D0 V) s% K' I- v) r
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We can go to the movies.5 s9 k8 t6 k* Z+ n# Y# Y
We can't go to the movies.+ D8 z$ ^- g: G4 G/ V& D9 Y' {  s

. ~$ B' l+ K! j0 L        
: I, B7 b& `/ \( t0 \  'Larry can't speak' becomes
$ G# N! s6 r0 X   Larry KAN' SPEAK.
8 F. w- \. D. k+ m% K# q! [5 O, y* ?* m
Larry can speak French.' O$ B8 G: G6 t2 K1 W
Larry can't speak French.) B# O% K" W1 ?! e( q( C" F4 w
6 Q' C( ?8 C# }3 `8 E' l, q, \- y; K
       
7 E* H; t% n. Z3 b( x6 a8 F  'She can't do it' becomes
+ l) @; v- a2 }( ~* P1 ~   She KAN' DO it   
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She can do it.
' t2 ?& p- M6 m  A0 r, j% FShe can't do it.
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  'Some people can't sing' becomes
# J' C" P- Y2 B( {& |9 }   Some people KAN' SING' m6 H% C* j# h2 p  v
Some people can sing.
+ f/ c4 P2 G7 `' bSome people can't sing./ g1 U7 V- i2 w
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4 ^/ z, x! F9 a& N; H1 IIf the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
2 ~  A: H, H$ d6 O                                              
6 P# Z/ @  S- E4 _6 ^' q+ w3 b: l   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
& N' `! j8 {  D( ^/ z" k   Then the word is used in a sentence.
/ k" r5 j' l* r- ^+ a                                              8 q7 O. L" h0 j1 R& }& S& Z4 m
        6 b$ N9 J) R: ^' h( J5 j% M
   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)
6 r3 x* ]" e- d. r: |, O9 x   We can't attend the concert.
$ r) h& Z. `1 \; T  M' \6 }         : C8 F7 b$ a# E3 k* G# ~5 P
   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)
" M* M( I( U/ S/ t# \2 y) X   Wally can't invite her to the party.* d) r: q: X& j8 {8 l
       
# j( U5 [, s5 X* Y   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)) R; `1 ]$ I* }+ K+ v
   He can't answer the question.
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9 Q$ F' k# b+ D        
6 _& i3 i$ j2 n- F7 }" p4 Z   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )4 q% D2 w& l" H9 H2 j' N2 [
   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions
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, @5 p, q! ?5 x; j" Q  oMany times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)
' |+ S  g  t8 r3 j- v8 A7 B1 d  E/ s, K
                  8 M. W% Y' s! o5 t; U
     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound- G; Z( T  X# b
     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
. W+ k; Q  o; u+ ^! Y                           
4 ?/ N- `. K0 [1 m6 L* |         1 M( C- r/ Y9 K6 |- _
    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      
4 v- E4 r0 ~4 x2 T5 }   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?- Y8 f2 N3 S, j) n; v( F4 o
       
4 J: u! s/ q( |) {1 N) l$ h   6 v5 b0 z' W4 G' k% ?

+ m% P7 u: o  J         # d6 V; s8 f# h/ _' g
    'couldn't' becomes couldn' 6 g3 j2 p" `$ [0 A1 }1 D- m
    I couldn't do it because I was sick.
6 c5 n8 t: P8 y3 S  f5 ~/ A; \( W. H        
- o2 j$ t1 i' D    " _. A/ E6 j% j4 L9 v

! r8 T: N4 N) z% l) x/ J        
: h- O: X: {6 [6 U; v    'shouldn't' becomes should'n         
7 {9 d( f( C7 O/ }8 x; Y  F   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.
7 `  r' v9 C/ F% N. [        
  z* s/ E2 j2 O( N9 _6 E   
( F/ w( g& q+ \! l; o/ S8 e' g# }" o
! D0 ~2 y& P3 v  q. _+ \) ~        
; q6 E8 [) C* C9 C# g! Z( Y8 h3 M    'doesn't' becomes doesn'( f0 o$ H, A& h+ ]+ g
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
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