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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑 6 B" t0 P6 X0 ^1 O  E

" K. p/ R% d0 b0 ?. p8 O5 \% ?2 KThe Flap
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A flap occurs in three situations.% R8 ?1 k' F  B' ?/ g0 C/ k

7 z- J  c: b& }  P/ ?' x0 R0 V+ o  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
3 s' u/ V3 S/ u8 I& J      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.7 Z/ V( `' ~8 o+ ~1 r, O
                                    , t8 i8 D5 _/ S2 \
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.0 m7 H$ n8 r  d* V: ?4 W8 G- A
                                    9 X- Y: \5 `6 M# s7 r
                
6 r8 J* Y5 `' M6 }1 o7 x  water becomes wader
" }: Y) ?) C" j# b8 V- L  Do you need some water?4 L4 ]5 n  v* i/ q
                 9 f0 b3 f. j, G# z( [, `
  letter becomes ledder9 ^: J, `" i& i3 J# H* z3 G- y
  The letter was in the mailbox.
, ?  M: d- K3 ?( P& m                 
" V+ K1 ]1 P. u- J0 m! Z6 ~  bottle becomes boddle4 g) m6 V- C/ r, L: n
  The bottle broke when it hit the floor.
# @, q; x: P+ i6 n                  7 |# I' ]9 {, j, ^2 ^) o/ a
  butter becomes budder: {  t3 P/ w4 U# q# `6 O
  The butter melted in the sun.
$ h# M9 c, I, ]9 b/ d4 `                                     9 O/ |. s+ G$ \# t4 Y
  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is! ]  M; Y) G% c8 W6 d; G6 g
      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth: n- u- L+ P0 w! @: w1 x4 x
      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce
6 l& E& j& J8 X' ~      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very7 B: ~6 R5 M0 s3 T0 V
      quickly.   
8 K5 j- r: y4 b& r$ F' t% l2 t                                     / [. ]7 X9 f6 y. A; {9 J8 @8 @
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
7 z9 ^4 K- c# \# A                                     
0 Q7 W9 r7 w4 }' o/ M                    medical        She is a medical student.% r3 d5 X  V. h8 g7 w! _, Q
                   sediment            
, x# q2 Y7 G2 C' m  {The sediment on the river bottom is course sand.
  E5 J% @/ D: Z( ~& Z" H& J$ N
0 ]9 A1 E+ o2 q% C                    cadence            $ p8 \' ?) q, |! J, p, t
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.
' h( w7 q. m6 Z7 ~9 X7 D" {% d : i2 o7 Q  ^2 O3 N
                   cider         This apple cider is great.
$ K1 h1 t0 j: \                    spider        A spider has eight legs.; m7 \; b" g- B' L
                                    
: N! l. {5 ]1 L5 @  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the
& N5 c9 X2 S, z: v       next. (see section on linking); G- ^2 V/ e6 Y* d7 L2 L! }- i
                  
5 @: K6 ~/ b* U8 |" \: D         Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.6 ?! S5 S1 ~/ U2 k
                  
' m2 E1 W+ y# u# c; g5 s. ^7 m4 M            'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way, e+ \: f5 ^* V# C, @, R9 m' o( O
          I'll get your bags right away sir.
  d! R$ O7 F; c) T1 G( h6 R) q9 p7 q1 c( ?. b
- N$ g; c' _4 X( [, v4 k
                  % |/ ^; e, Q% p/ x
           'what if' becomes whad dif- Z5 S* m( \& I
          What if we go to Paris for vacation?
  k/ R" T( P9 ?$ _: X
( c2 m0 m& |* m* p8 D  r7 n: U7 g: v
& L" `  j* u$ [                   
. b. q! k% a, m             'might I' becomes migh(d) di          & d; [+ u" n0 M. ]# D
           Might I suggest a new tie?" o3 B5 ^  G( ?* \5 r
0 b, u  L& L4 Q

# l; G, O4 E; Q& x% c* s                   
5 c! r# F, \1 |5 e5 J8 W         + N4 q5 c' e+ d: ~' b
Note: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
8 [/ B0 R; w9 f/ y' J& u          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop- }, i& l# h8 f  s4 o$ H

: h: X2 b5 h5 ~  r4 pWhen a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
& }/ I; S% g2 @& ^8 h% x+ ]7 B
4 K' `  v  S% K4 K6 P5 a( o0 t                            
+ |: f* u7 k/ p* J3 p, c2 c' Y         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.2 x! t) p9 L9 c3 T8 X" |
                           
: Z% ~& S4 p0 H, {$ ^        
0 `3 i2 H/ ]9 ^( x9 H  x    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
& h* n/ Q+ _! `$ w. O   Have you eaten yet?0 R: l/ P# l2 m$ `1 z5 t0 g
       
- e- W5 J' x4 e. r    'satin' becomes sa'n  6 H- v. _6 \' a; F9 Z- n
   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.
+ S- r) }) E8 S1 O        
8 B) a7 d# B% }. m8 |" {+ a) R    'sentence' becomes se'ence & y/ n& |* d2 t$ m, t
   This sentence makes no sense./ d8 L7 b8 I$ L9 [
        & W& ?* f" Y4 c" v  D
    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
& L1 \* J2 P6 U. K" J1 n   I'm not much of a mountain climber.1 m3 Y" n/ C( ^) O3 ?- `
        , @- p+ j- \* |/ D7 ^
    'getting' become ge'n        / i3 `% ?1 ?9 L* j: e! f
   I'm getting to old for this.; p: S$ e/ e5 K) i( ]3 I' L
        8 X: P# C" T) Q) C; J2 b
    'button' becomes but'n   
/ B. h) A& S- Z& b   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't  M9 W) S* z: A- h7 T, A8 C- y) m

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In an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
! W* ?& m0 Q  k. B                                              ' t0 C+ s- u/ ^
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
6 J! V3 a* W% w$ P   Then the word is used in a sentence.
. t* ^. [# ~& E5 {! E                                              
7 N, ]/ H2 a/ V1 b& l! g$ i        
) `1 u  p/ K) X   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  
& Y+ K& t% p/ l4 B   We can swim in the lake.
$ k# ^( c% w0 V7 _
, k1 y( W! A' J7 S! x
1 x- {& ]( h4 B! x0 j         $ e& X$ G* B# z8 ~
   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.
3 J$ E( x9 i, F5 ?0 R   I can cook pizza.
1 q; p. p2 n# O+ Z! A  `3 `3 {7 h7 X: H: f- c: V8 U
: M( q. r* Z9 `0 p8 i3 A5 h6 t
       
! k* I/ `9 v/ G- m, W  m" o/ D   'She can read' becomes she kn read  " {. C9 Y4 c3 m5 N
   She can read Italian and Russian.
% S3 G" ~4 n( w( {
: ?1 B2 h+ L2 J$ k6 E7 c" j
& E9 {6 W2 K) p( Z         . v5 s( Q' N; K3 R1 D2 a3 O) X
   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.
5 `( O" a; E$ `& ?! e   They can ride on the roller coaster.
2 q# m) z; \3 e- J6 T# U 8 A* M( d2 J) B. f0 q" j/ ?
                                             $ J& N* B& [6 v8 j' H) q
In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.2 E9 m! C$ V; d8 `
                                             
. u* C1 E- i2 i' U   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main' a1 p6 k" _6 d1 R7 s$ J' F
   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
% W3 k( N: O7 G" _& ^" [/ V                                              " j. N2 t% b9 Q: d+ f
        ' j# r: c. B2 I' B7 B- V
  'We can't go' becomes   {0 S2 {& d. E/ A" k
   We KAN' GO.  3 @- N  x) {, R# P

7 T/ l! ^8 I' ?# UWe can go to the movies.
/ U9 K5 _8 |& e/ V1 mWe can't go to the movies.
6 o* [" n. W0 T* V3 w " M, N( }* B  |# n4 F; o
       
, h( T$ H# J% ~$ Y  N7 |6 e, v  'Larry can't speak' becomes
, D$ C: m6 U2 `1 Y* ]   Larry KAN' SPEAK.% {2 _: v/ @4 e/ C

! E1 B) C( l; BLarry can speak French.0 Y  j' U  V" N; o+ E# `
Larry can't speak French.+ j) `" Z' z1 b" m* d; |' I& z3 p
1 |, p8 o% ]4 O6 }1 B1 k
        / \( ], M9 B8 C3 m7 u
  'She can't do it' becomes# u, g) a' o5 A
   She KAN' DO it    6 `1 u2 Q" g* n! ~
: u/ b9 a& j+ b# @) v( g1 }
She can do it.
6 c) s- m2 W) t. {) XShe can't do it.
/ |' l6 h2 u6 |- y
; D4 V4 ^0 u1 p  O" d  X        
& K( D( ]8 m& e. B& Q) G  'Some people can't sing' becomes
/ Q/ I& Z. S* T# R+ D/ N9 d   Some people KAN' SING" o! B$ p5 G( b: e6 y0 x
Some people can sing.0 f  I) y  w+ K% r! \4 M0 l' [% B
Some people can't sing.6 v7 f) h, F* f0 f

& F% C* u6 V, K8 h                                              * |  P7 g, {& O3 ~: x. ^7 l+ M
If the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
3 P  `' q$ z( {+ F% P! p0 V+ C9 x                                              5 r$ B( b$ J! {8 J# p3 ~
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
/ l' g$ a; \/ m2 E6 B   Then the word is used in a sentence.
, P, E  m  q& I6 e  L7 u                                              
" y; p0 k9 h# e# f! d        
5 u$ u6 z: ?7 d! W0 A   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend). k2 a# k' b# N
   We can't attend the concert.
  C  a; V0 Y$ F- v% c& \# Q! P         0 A2 t0 M; x/ q8 R0 b. [( k
   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)
5 O# e" W7 u  H* W   Wally can't invite her to the party.
- ]. }6 e8 @, H; \. I$ K        
' c  x7 S" n: @0 Z( }' D   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)3 [  H$ T6 K6 p0 i; t' O+ }
   He can't answer the question.+ S4 j  S6 W9 _! ^2 C3 ?6 _, ?. \

7 J; g5 o$ t7 c8 x  _        
6 |; U) C0 j0 I. `/ e# G   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )1 x, f5 q9 `7 ?% L, i0 D
   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions
7 g  @4 _5 V" f( u3 L- s# L0 V& |( f, Q1 W
Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)/ j# J3 m/ W0 z: x4 S: V# w
1 u( S8 T) z) M# ^1 _6 l# n$ c
                  
2 O6 N! ?" R- I, D" k     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
! i- b' |+ |- y* O/ j4 Y2 J+ f  e     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.7 q) b; K/ z! e, p" H! c! @& J
                          ! ?, |& V: N! B) X
       
. i3 V- A& \! I9 n+ Q2 O0 F    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      
* p: W, W# o$ W4 I   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?3 E* Z. y$ O$ D; D) c) }4 k& Y
       
( ], n) m4 k2 \. M3 W- n# ]+ o2 T0 l   
  V$ w, d# ?+ `8 N* e& S
; v; S% V5 E& i! F! _2 j9 Y& m         * p; @9 X: y& A7 W5 C9 l# N. C6 N
    'couldn't' becomes couldn' ( @. f+ w& Y; i/ Q
    I couldn't do it because I was sick.
8 d& p7 U) y% i' A- w8 ]1 I- N* N         ) x# G  ~# x5 L. S9 H* i0 x
    & E& O: \0 Z3 @4 T; |6 d! i
" B7 I7 ?7 m4 N
       
" H8 e% U1 d. C7 T) w4 W    'shouldn't' becomes should'n          " H: Z, Y$ A6 h, C, o  R9 j; W
   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.
  b: X$ ]  m& T% L3 |        
- _' O8 _: \/ \2 ]% @8 A    ; X7 I- U$ g- {! @5 L

4 g5 r5 g7 k6 q' W5 g0 ~        
. q5 R( F& \" S* Q. c: D    'doesn't' becomes doesn'
- u  P7 u1 y+ K$ Y- A5 I  B# z4 ]& p   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
! [/ P5 v! ~$ }, b9 o - h3 c% i8 U+ s8 ~% ^' t
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