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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 9 L: L2 {7 a; |: u' t
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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+ h% `6 `3 ~9 lBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
% _3 o8 [# N1 k' j. C7 [3 d& uBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.4 _. c$ Q' M, P- T- a4 ^9 h$ v
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.1 J* d" Y+ a3 S$ G# A
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
+ {% ?1 T# u1 C+ ?$ j( u( ZThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
/ ^8 B$ y3 o8 E, K2 D$ f8 a9 k# oThe country codes used are :
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2 l) c( ?" R/ I% j6 ACODE \COUNTRY
+ k0 M) N% d/ d0 ?/ I* X00-13 USA & Canada4 R; \% h& B5 j) I
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
/ [- {: i7 ~% e6 V30-37 France
. F7 m! V2 ~, @' @ `% k% t380 Bulgaria
6 S: a2 D. H! e* G; q4 c. X383 Slovenia
4 O' x4 e# F5 O385 Croatia/ d9 j$ m, j: p2 z: B. z- B& `
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
- b( v* L9 t7 F. U" c/ A: d400-440 Germany
3 y, U. |2 b# f& c( b4 w45 Japan( J) x# B, c; k; f! x
46 Russian Federation
5 m1 D- I# [1 I- s0 B+ A% e471 Taiwan
6 O* M% w P( P& z' b9 _1 \) b474 Estonia2 d* p7 @. @8 r, e: r
475 Latvia
. t3 x8 y" ?7 X0 V# }+ K% P476 Azerbaijan* K# Y% W2 t, f
477 Lithuania7 q5 J: Y# y/ X1 N
478 Uzbekistan1 _# c$ b* D! t9 a; h& |7 l6 W7 |8 R
479 Sri Lanka
$ t* G) x: ^7 B9 u480 Philippines
- X- \3 M% P! R3 W2 e) T6 C481 Belarus
/ J: j1 f& s! w( @' Z; w* y2 y, g482 Ukraine
. [0 d! o* |5 b1 x7 @4 x* s484 Moldova
$ S u+ g* F: t) N" [* h( ^) P485 Armenia; d* ]) i# W9 e( X0 [& m
486 Georgia8 ]5 ^! c# o, B1 l* a
487 Kazakhstan! h2 M4 c( v W/ N% i7 O1 g
489 Hong Kong" [5 N! V Y1 x& [( b
49 Japan/ k# ^' ^) f: E3 F
50 UK" ^6 o: C0 e5 X8 u/ U4 o
520 Greece
7 Y, X, M, v; a/ A) a528 Lebanon0 r2 m. V1 j) l( ?$ t0 q, z* s" |- i
529 Cyprus$ n5 |2 @$ t+ d1 h+ S. e
531 Macedonia, c5 H2 v' [0 v& m; j
535 Malta2 |4 y. g% R0 I' u5 U2 M O$ S+ v
539 Ireland
2 ?0 u- S8 u% z' ?8 F" E54 Belgium & Luxembourg. [9 V+ Q' R1 \" H8 m! N
560 Portugal
; c( b8 K8 @: K8 r0 n569 Iceland2 K" y: U+ A8 R3 R
57 Denmark
( ]. f6 ]# L6 \5 o+ a590 Poland- x8 W# H3 T5 `! X+ e* \( K2 M
594 Romania. S6 C1 T- b( x- W! P( s# H
599 Hungary- B/ v: i) ~4 B8 \4 d5 z8 u) @
600-601 South Africa+ Q2 T2 t' f# J0 Q! E
609 Mauritius9 Z& U1 D0 e4 O/ n% ^7 Q# z
611 Morocco
; v5 U0 t6 D! U613 Algeria. b0 |& {% ?4 H1 S- [& E& Z9 z
619 Tunisia
& E# e5 Z: j; q' c7 W, G) v621 Syria
( V9 `( ~9 r5 U6 [! [" B622 Egypt! L+ \+ V3 Q p2 ]: @7 S" O
624 Libya4 n8 @% t9 Z4 d
625 Jordan, Y3 m# \ t- W
626 Iran
: H! X U, p. j+ W627 Kuwait* ?. S* V0 v( v& b( b! r
628 Saudi Arabia: T5 P" e. b% |) S; ?
629 United Arab Emirates
4 r3 {* F h/ D3 O! a ~64 Finland
$ I. c. N/ V4 e! G( n1 E; I" W7 Z690-692 China
& Q$ z% g0 O" {- h/ Y1 [. A70 Norway+ t/ W% k- X3 R; Y' c3 Z1 A
729 Israel K) C! e. ^0 t9 T/ B- Z) T
73 Sweden
' C* |$ g3 p9 C9 Z* I. K0 K A8 U740 Guatemala
- W4 n4 F i% B3 Z/ q741 El Salvador; H5 F) N0 y0 s( H
742 Honduras6 T3 w1 |0 H% m3 S
743 Nicaragua$ D* u2 Q# ^; A: S+ K2 W; c
744 Costa Rica
/ T# u1 V* |3 W$ u4 Y5 R- w745 Panama
% |8 y- C" i) n! C3 D% g' Y/ M9 R746 Dominican Republic+ R! f2 v' i+ }! Q: D
750 Mexico3 T2 j# z$ f% j6 r
759 Venezuela
6 ^0 _& u0 F; G: x76 Switzerland
! P7 n0 h X2 V" ]770 Colombia1 U- h E6 J% ?( r3 h
773 Uruguay
8 s" h; [ f; @ F3 f775 Peru
2 \# w7 s+ }. A; R( I777 Bolivia
6 `) \& @. }7 b; Q# B779 Argentina* z6 h! @$ s2 ~# ?; q' @2 T
780 Chile
# X) Y: n3 P0 B' S4 N0 s: b/ o, Z784 Paraguay( U3 w) z" p T7 m
785 Peru
3 c- s/ t' W6 z, L. Y$ P4 N786 Ecuador' l/ L2 O3 |, h) ]
789 Brazil: f5 C& B! B: _( r b( k3 A- l
80-83 Italy. o1 ?. V* p1 ~- `% R
84 Spain
' f: K. x* c# x" F" s" @- e850 Cuba
" _/ S* H$ z L8 C8 h858 Slovakia' X8 z, E. T4 Z' N( K
859 Czech Republic( B7 \, n3 I& C& H/ `: i1 F0 w6 P- ?
860 Serbia & Montenegro9 b* x8 Z* Z1 z/ x
869 Turkey. e! b- W) d3 n) i& A. l
87 Netherlands
0 E0 v3 F# k8 a5 X880 South Korea& s' Q1 F; P7 K% T/ R8 ?1 `; k
885 Thailand
L" f- y! A4 m! O! U/ ]; S9 S- ^888 Singapore
: y1 Y! u8 Q- w* E4 a+ L) ~4 z890 India, F( f* Z. Z" X3 z
893 Vietnam
+ k) J8 S6 ?, r$ T899 Indonesia
+ M: X6 G6 I# s n; o90 -91 Austria
7 Z' l# m* |, v$ d) P _! {+ p93 Australia
( V* t: r# `$ E8 H( D6 V94 New Zealand7 T, P9 z8 O6 P5 S( B# Y& b
955 Malaysia
# a6 d! Z( H' l- q958 Macau
0 l% b2 w/ _3 P8 t S977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals); W6 w' s8 p. }
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)2 y* A' C+ G; O
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)8 ?7 { z4 z4 b8 F4 |
2 q, d! {. }' c/ ]6 hMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm4 }* q; }4 G% w3 f" M
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