 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* O) C6 Z, N; c% z- \* fFormal Statements4 k4 g6 K/ S) g5 T
1. Public Speeches2 ]5 [( p6 g; h; H5 `
2. Letters of opposition or support# B. Z& t. m: D' J
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: U7 \( W2 T0 P1 N: ~( w6 m8 k- C 4. Signed public statements
% }9 J+ X0 ^; M& x& o3 q# d, H 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 Y* i' Z+ E0 y9 A' B 6. Group or mass petitions
" C0 [1 R# v+ J' F* b8 W# W7 i% C: x0 O) T( c- d9 j
Communications with a Wider Audience1 }( _: C: L6 _1 A7 F) O$ ?
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' Y4 h' F k r2 B 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 p3 u/ q& p2 V. { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# [( K; l' _1 B* j1 R
10. Newspapers and journals. i9 s& |5 M. _3 L3 {
11. Records, radio, and television" `4 g8 p6 z* j5 I
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
) Z, g" g% U5 I8 i& {7 Y( t( y$ r2 }6 f, I
Group Representations# z* b% O8 Y) n Z& p' J; x( B
13. Deputations
# I& }% [' I5 b" a5 q 14. Mock awards
2 \. q4 Q; L6 {$ g 15. Group lobbying0 J. j6 Q% l. \9 _, y
16. Picketing# D- M; ^1 Z5 M1 S/ c3 v
17. Mock elections
7 c0 q& e" ^* V. A; r
4 W( u2 }- V' ~; l5 X; \: R* E4 BSymbolic Public Acts6 D6 r* F8 q+ e2 v9 h6 Q- k" B. }: Z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 V7 j% O2 w" V- \. I
19. Wearing of symbols
' A7 n! J, U5 X! n 20. Prayer and worship
; \9 c6 o V- T7 e* V& i" ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 y( j* w7 E) R# d 22. Protest disrobings
$ [' R! _6 E% B 23. Destruction of own property; |) r- n8 s) l: z7 q0 i
24. Symbolic lights8 a. [+ `* @' q' h7 z _5 f& ~ B
25. Displays of portraits
Y5 d" g' k. l0 c7 |+ ?7 V 26. Paint as protest
; j' F4 R( ?; } d k: l 27. New signs and names' D4 a5 P* t4 g. }0 l
28. Symbolic sounds% W8 a3 f' ~4 i: x
29. Symbolic reclamations$ K4 R8 }- u: r
30. Rude gestures3 O% D- D) j& t% W
8 ~, m, h/ T3 \. p. o: ?( _Pressures on Individuals
0 z9 p, d% r5 u! B6 J 31. “Haunting” officials
L2 ]0 [8 Y, I+ b1 W9 T8 M* } 32. Taunting officials. _. N: p7 M& ~7 o0 j1 s
33. Fraternization0 j( V3 y2 q. G7 @9 r
34. Vigils5 X. X3 z1 t9 r( g8 _. O! S9 c
; i) p8 R) {+ @9 S& vDrama and Music
( P/ j& O% [% y+ n2 O 35. Humorous skits and pranks U3 w4 U. K2 x6 b+ m, ~
36. Performances of plays and music
, ^# Q/ P6 ]% H- G$ [* Z 37. Singing& {3 E% y5 {0 k
. @- ?, f; `0 x' ]* c9 xProcessions
+ q* C- J" m2 G% i: K 38. Marches7 O* X3 P3 D8 t3 P
39. Parades
) B2 v" }4 J7 t! \ 40. Religious processions5 Y8 _2 g% \& s% q$ `# n
41. Pilgrimages
, O3 J7 f3 i5 m$ [! C! C6 _ 42. Motorcades
* P9 k7 k' a" e6 ~2 d, p& O$ u" t1 c% }8 B1 c+ I& E% ^
Honoring the Dead0 `/ c B7 e( l9 Z% d) ?- t) \7 h
43. Political mourning
1 Y* m: [& S9 O* J4 } 44. Mock funerals" k1 B: _1 y0 Q' C8 Y
45. Demonstrative funerals( z; l+ O/ L: d7 E v) q4 E
46. Homage at burial places1 [. D4 {! Q( }9 v' f: C' {; R
8 u2 f* N% ^' D& JPublic Assemblies: C" _0 ]& @9 v% \! f2 n
47. Assemblies of protest or support7 L! L' o# Z A
48. Protest meetings/ A. }6 Z+ F7 }' \) i/ c' n0 k
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* x( }1 O5 V0 D7 S/ p
50. Teach-ins+ ^& O, P; B6 \( H" P' ]' ]
( I# F8 ]' e! D% v9 t
Withdrawal and Renunciation
5 a2 ~" q6 |, [3 z9 i7 z$ y/ V 51. Walk-outs, U7 s8 {- W4 `, V4 x
52. Silence
% V% x. A m @: B: ` 53. Renouncing honors% B! c- @+ X* A4 A
54. Turning one’s back
8 |! \: ]8 T' |) _' ?, a( g/ Q$ C. w- K4 ]5 T% M
6 F$ u i8 Q! O3 Z) d8 \
* ?' `. d$ A/ e2 P% ]( P* X* w$ ]THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
7 X: E |/ P1 D- R( r/ @8 v
1 Y* U' w1 p& v2 r' \ 1 P+ v! E& \+ r+ B6 T
! A4 j' x9 o; w8 C8 L- R7 V" Y9 O
Ostracism of Persons
& I9 k, ` k6 g6 {; S 55. Social boycott, S- n L: A# l$ Z' _4 d
56. Selective social boycott* d* e' `) U2 _! M* `& x# E
57. Lysistratic nonaction
% M( ?9 {2 r8 V# {3 G: h9 l 58. Excommunication4 N; {, U8 B$ r7 \0 S
59. Interdict- Z4 l$ V1 v# _: [
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 D1 N5 h/ y: I3 P
60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ G B; b* ~# A w! k! N3 a. }
61. Boycott of social affairs* Y" y) U. j9 J9 O9 C' u2 o7 G) ~, t# |
62. Student strike
, b8 x/ o; L+ c3 E 63. Social disobedience1 D7 E. P6 p# q) w" Q! E/ K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. V( a: Z$ g& p6 E: A( J6 n0 U6 F( |; c/ m/ _
Withdrawal from the Social System$ N' o0 B. O+ h& N$ ]+ i
65. Stay-at-home
. f6 d) q) v: y' R& V; G( J 66. Total personal noncooperation# }) W5 G/ p$ z9 }2 N
67. “Flight” of workers
+ y5 I' r6 [8 u! z) ~1 | 68. Sanctuary+ E. l) [0 t* C- v0 W- W
69. Collective disappearance: \; [. R6 R9 }8 e# y" B0 g2 Q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 P5 B s+ m G9 o% S( P. ~. T N
" n. z y# ~' o; q0 q) E
& ?3 P& _$ M5 ^# ~" H- u/ A! \! T
) h k+ ]# O) Z9 E1 T2 S
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 n4 e6 b. v2 D& r4 k. \- g1 [) m6 I& i
1 K8 ~& m0 p9 q" m% j! H
Actions by Consumers' ]2 B$ n6 a, j; r4 v; G
71. Consumers’ boycott
k$ o+ a/ n8 [5 q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 o t, S; U2 L2 p, t 73. Policy of austerity5 S0 I" ]6 E: n; R S
74. Rent withholding( b, l+ M& I! ]! y
75. Refusal to rent2 _- Z0 I7 n' Y8 n
76. National consumers’ boycott7 r3 O3 \9 [, Z: V, K7 x1 B
77. International consumers’ boycott
* m6 h% l! `2 Q' `/ r3 G- Q
! K* y3 a5 h" J+ p' d8 m$ u! j/ {Action by Workers and Producers9 C& C V% K: }6 ^7 G) s
78. Workmen’s boycott
; ]# x5 }0 T Y) R2 x* Q! n# |6 P; v 79. Producers’ boycott! W" g0 Q% X) J7 O
; w! x6 {" v$ V, `8 U; _+ E- a
Action by Middlemen0 A6 ?8 @4 t" |( v! q8 H; M
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" C0 u4 N Q: j7 j) J
5 p( `( g. x. j1 K( T! s4 K
Action by Owners and Management B6 ^8 q5 l8 T2 ~' W
81. Traders’ boycott
$ _6 ]" K' _5 b- m 82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ B5 X6 ^: T# e! t- {2 `- H! x 83. Lockout
4 Z: R7 k" |6 |0 p1 [ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# W1 U: u7 f3 E! d ^6 b) K8 d 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 E1 n6 c" @. i6 @1 w
5 p5 l9 {$ q' _+ J& Y! \. i2 L, _- s4 T6 b
Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ [- p9 s+ o7 e- v; m$ \
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) _2 B% M1 T, [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" J+ M; x0 Q( v! `& G
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
h6 T4 G: \% Y; H0 \' N 89. Severance of funds and credit* E- r( J0 Z* S; W0 W3 }9 j
90. Revenue refusal
4 [, b! Z+ G. [5 k 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 Z4 U/ v/ v7 Y1 `
4 _# k6 J& s6 |
Action by Governments
R: A2 D7 {/ s 92. Domestic embargo Y4 x0 u: a# V
93. Blacklisting of traders
! b) O+ a: I/ x$ w 94. International sellers’ embargo
: D1 z3 s1 T/ @. k8 L# g: [ 95. International buyers’ embargo
( k. _' c3 F/ _' T2 v7 v1 ^ 96. International trade embargo
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2 p8 k' [; q: d# i
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
" Q4 s& W( Y% b3 j5 d5 M4 y% l$ u$ [: p9 _% m7 R; H& P6 R
# S9 G4 M, @ m- \( YSymbolic Strikes
' [- k+ Y9 a* {1 C 97. Protest strike# V8 ~5 U8 C* k/ b" L) [: d. y- D- G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 w9 B( i) M6 |9 Z2 m! G
1 d$ l: I s" {& p5 ?/ ? @" L
Agricultural Strikes8 [# i. g1 K9 B% l! h
99. Peasant strike
" u( _. g9 P2 ~' Q: e 100. Farm Workers’ strike- P3 p4 K% j8 G. [6 z
! R+ J9 ] c8 ^& }Strikes by Special Groups' x* ` s; n/ ^% Y- d
101. Refusal of impressed labor+ o: }! V: u( O/ m3 S0 R+ q9 v3 F
102. Prisoners’ strike" d% q$ h9 K. r: |
103. Craft strike5 I8 E; v' U, m% [ n/ S1 r! S
104. Professional strike
; |$ Z$ q! L ^$ }6 T2 N8 Q
5 f. i [6 C; f+ P7 EOrdinary Industrial Strikes
; O1 X6 R0 G D# W 105. Establishment strike
) Y. U4 @) j* B 106. Industry strike
Q7 y. [6 B: }. p' E 107. Sympathetic strike
9 v9 H$ ?5 U9 R4 E3 N
! Q* d# I9 j5 E2 k3 c9 l: Z- F% h% ?Restricted Strikes
) G/ f/ N3 G6 G4 K( C% s 108. Detailed strike9 O+ ?7 J' X2 o( _
109. Bumper strike& e* j, M) S+ b+ m
110. Slowdown strike+ Z4 @5 [! _ q
111. Working-to-rule strike! s/ d* }1 {3 j4 D2 _6 F- j# e
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% g! X* q% S& f Q
113. Strike by resignation4 x# L/ B% C1 q9 A8 O
114. Limited strike. @$ j* D; f' N9 @+ I
115. Selective strike
) c# a t; v( g u O3 m* f8 W
/ J h4 z1 A7 S; M" N% P4 Y* ~Multi-Industry Strikes
8 r3 l# J' G6 a& f' w% b {+ u6 m+ x. ?. r( J. ^1 G
116. Generalized strike
H9 V/ C, b5 t
, f' t7 Z3 ~$ E3 x1 m: T% ` 117. General strike
& S5 D" M6 |" {3 G$ E" ^+ ?9 @) t' K& V) \2 A E3 q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 I/ U, g5 R& D
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118. Hartal
$ Y8 p; V3 g! T
5 p/ K! L M' ]1 s/ a 119. Economic shutdown$ T7 h3 }& `( N+ Y& p5 t
! _/ Z5 V! k. x0 d9 b6 ^# j W3 I # l! i K' p" F) r" z
6 g, ~9 o) o, l p8 V- l" s' }/ yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. ]( s7 U- m8 J- w; X
8 E+ b" e. s/ j6 v& M, j8 d 8 @3 J: E4 c J' f
Rejection of Authority# O" h) u- ] H8 ^4 i% R
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" s/ f1 [0 l9 p/ F: P 121. Refusal of public support
& \$ f6 `8 p5 ~1 V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 W+ \ O# c* P$ X, O U2 C7 `! z! S i
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government( Y3 n3 d5 _# U$ p
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" I/ R* o* z# G' v4 } 124. Boycott of elections
* D. |; `: y3 m) o2 p# _4 e4 b* N* ] 125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 f" }4 p1 ~+ l# ?: r
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: A$ x2 X* x( a0 u1 f8 Q I; ?$ x1 G
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. i5 t! {* r% c, r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
( Y$ |" Z# D1 X! z& M6 { 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, S7 a" J& s' X 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) L( K2 w' s& ^2 J3 F H$ k; h' Y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( k8 x9 b" J; K 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 _( v8 C4 M# q$ k3 ^: @
- Y% G6 m; ~; n4 z6 wCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. N# C% p. B1 ?: X# s) l W 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) ~+ o0 C: ^/ C( z" l. V 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 S! Z; \& o+ L' i/ ?
135. Popular nonobedience
# m; {+ ? l3 d 136. Disguised disobedience
1 h! c% S. @1 ^ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 M6 T" {6 E5 L9 w% I5 C2 } 138. Sitdown- t$ R9 m Q6 G) O
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. x- H( a- C7 N+ f; V
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ B5 S6 @- d6 l& }: Z7 V, L) n
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 @# g) y1 l! F; @0 O
2 K- M- S$ G: O1 h! D: e( u0 [Action by Government Personnel! L& V8 {) H2 n/ a
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( ?/ U: `; n/ Z6 O( f3 d. _# n9 b' C8 Z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information: f; s" }" O$ r, e- {, m
144. Stalling and obstruction& C. ^% W5 M& a* {5 t- \
145. General administrative noncooperation: W1 k0 O$ |* x; G; j1 [6 \ _
- Z A: v6 ?# v 146. Judicial noncooperation
4 ?; `! L8 O; m4 ~. C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) e' o9 `5 m* l: u 148. Mutiny# v) }6 y2 H: b/ J/ H, O
Domestic Governmental Action: s8 q( f* e; @' I) B% K$ P
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 M" y0 v/ h3 _$ Q; o/ b 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 B: F7 c3 {7 J G8 ^: E
. e+ X8 m0 Q6 D" r5 X% f4 {International Governmental Action/ p) ?( ` K% _2 |
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ B" s2 g! O* k0 [! P% \ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
3 x+ H# e8 z1 s 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 W" \6 i0 _4 g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
2 u. X1 _% _! ~& n 155. Withdrawal from international organizations R* m$ ~3 K {4 N& z- B* w
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 _3 H( u; U6 k; e' V$ t6 Z 157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 i; t$ F6 M; w! b, R$ T. R" N2 Q# c, S: @; u. k9 @% ~
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( w/ y! D2 w) _9 t! RTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 |- i, T/ c: e; J
: T0 O5 d% F/ t% ]/ ?4 P: ?/ O1 c - W: |5 l# R+ w+ C. F# O# Q
Psychological Intervention
) V2 ?# V* t; U7 A9 m1 ~2 S) m 158. Self-exposure to the elements- @1 s! `+ _. z3 s8 } ]% I
159. The fast
4 x2 l% l9 i/ Q) C+ }; R" p a) Fast of moral pressure
2 R2 G6 [; T' b b) Hunger strike
! J, M* k0 H' w0 O c) Satyagrahic fast9 W2 o* I/ h7 ~
160. Reverse trial
$ T n; d. Z) O* i 161. Nonviolent harassment; P& C+ [; F& c& U( n
! ?6 x" J/ i/ a2 @Physical Intervention
5 m! P, a7 k5 ]7 J; A/ D 162. Sit-in
$ w: h: x4 ?: U( t( F' A 163. Stand-in
1 m5 n+ u4 }1 W0 H2 ?! Q 164. Ride-in& F( A, }. D% ]3 a- P; l
165. Wade-in3 |* X( k, C" W% l5 O
166. Mill-in" |; h8 M2 c1 S7 {
167. Pray-in+ X" Y3 m6 @8 E4 o, {
168. Nonviolent raids
- B) p2 q; t! h: B( X+ G 169. Nonviolent air raids4 J. N, w; ?; j2 D) v+ x( I
170. Nonviolent invasion
# F* L% G) t& t( K; O* X; r- U 171. Nonviolent interjection
, E% N$ ^7 L& E' {. y" D 172. Nonviolent obstruction6 U4 K0 ~4 w/ x* m5 x
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention; N9 A- Y4 Z" ]7 q+ M% \& X. w
174. Establishing new social patterns9 ~* ?# L' Y& j$ V9 R
175. Overloading of facilities
B: ?3 J3 A9 l' R8 J7 x# F 176. Stall-in
/ [! q8 V9 l, V+ J! c% _9 o 177. Speak-in9 O0 |, e& @& S
178. Guerrilla theater/ T- Q9 K& d: I( _, h b
179. Alternative social institutions" P3 X \6 l2 Z% z7 ^0 p3 v/ B
180. Alternative communication system
0 l9 S) ~& j% U* e3 f
# c7 y' T* k h5 F- x! tEconomic Intervention
& r A0 W# r5 f2 I+ P$ g5 o 181. Reverse strike
7 p b _5 @: n 182. Stay-in strike
, M- a: w. w) R% a" o9 H% L0 W 183. Nonviolent land seizure9 \8 t- d8 D# j; p2 N
184. Defiance of blockades) ?# z8 v3 j# r% k$ G/ e8 e7 E9 P
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 r" _# p$ o* K" @" D+ J( d( W: B
186. Preclusive purchasing, u$ w3 F- t% K- Z* P5 y
187. Seizure of assets
O8 x' k% M: A/ a 188. Dumping
% ?$ r: H0 l6 A/ u4 v 189. Selective patronage
" d% ?( P+ d3 J. i9 g 190. Alternative markets
, G. P/ e2 q2 i6 Q A3 B 191. Alternative transportation systems* A9 N' d/ Z* a( V
192. Alternative economic institutions0 `" d x. I6 b" ~; w1 c) ]- k
3 ^" r h! W' w( h0 P K' \& n* L5 SPolitical Intervention- c3 c7 T- a/ O' y H0 {# j
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 Z( W- y- P9 q5 a1 d 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; S4 b" Z$ D# ~0 T n
195. Seeking imprisonment! ~- k+ y. K( N0 j; k! Q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, |1 y! h* J9 ]' c' `! o; y4 m& j
197. Work-on without collaboration! s# l; {2 r1 k; Y0 Y! @
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ S& r7 y6 l6 q2 Q/ y& A
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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