 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 l* w3 K! M$ E# n
Formal Statements4 `8 C( E, R/ I. X% K& Z* Z/ l4 e. s' y
1. Public Speeches- g- N1 B+ {% k/ @8 a" n
2. Letters of opposition or support. G0 E7 a/ S& H& S5 ]4 l$ }
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* [ r [ y5 J* }4 V 4. Signed public statements& h) p$ n( q- u- i3 ^! v& ?
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( ^- z* S; c, C7 Q2 V: ^9 C 6. Group or mass petitions
4 t! n0 _# N( r D3 @- a) T! A0 h/ c! V1 w3 V
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ L$ R0 x/ @, ]7 {6 r8 g) u 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# G; P4 F5 Y1 v' h6 C
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. A) a5 ^0 {4 D% K, m" s
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; T" u4 d7 y# N4 I# r$ O 10. Newspapers and journals# G" V. c/ a9 P
11. Records, radio, and television/ D; Z' E! U) ]' A& _
12. Skywriting and earthwriting& H: r- w+ [, a$ t+ Q! v
! ^! o" S( X( h, `2 J
Group Representations; Y9 ~& u7 D- ~0 N3 E
13. Deputations
/ ^* f" x6 K+ z4 N6 [ 14. Mock awards
$ X! z; r) C- h 15. Group lobbying
" M3 v, f3 H( q3 r. B* U H. Y$ `1 T2 F 16. Picketing
0 h( x5 s* a% R& g& |! j0 j! Z1 [ 17. Mock elections
( d' u; O6 z$ T5 Y
. T. @& z8 A- C4 S2 t. ?5 t% @4 |Symbolic Public Acts+ j- R* P u/ W9 J) o" k, K) W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. Z* A% P; r5 l+ E: z6 G 19. Wearing of symbols
6 C9 l$ X1 q9 V 20. Prayer and worship
% R7 n; M. {9 g C; d2 t 21. Delivering symbolic objects8 K7 f& E: I. v* F# [
22. Protest disrobings1 D' u9 F+ L9 K2 W6 s0 F
23. Destruction of own property
6 f8 ]0 n1 N; b' G2 ~0 e3 H 24. Symbolic lights( Y; `9 C- e3 Y: S& f2 @# i0 h% W
25. Displays of portraits% _! V; p. S2 e
26. Paint as protest
! S) Z5 s; y+ B4 s* J0 o2 _1 G( N 27. New signs and names, h- v! X: {+ U# S }
28. Symbolic sounds# ?+ T& p: u: M/ {. _9 [! T! g7 s
29. Symbolic reclamations/ a6 V* K% y& }! }& ]6 s; U0 |( A0 i) Z
30. Rude gestures) b# v7 {" L' f5 G( z. a
7 ?9 ?# D" t+ ~; bPressures on Individuals
/ j& A/ [! W5 V. o: B+ e5 \9 C' H 31. “Haunting” officials3 [: Z. ?: e* N7 j3 h5 B" Z1 u
32. Taunting officials
) D3 j" T, Y. o3 m+ J0 z; g 33. Fraternization
/ @ I- @2 x+ U$ T# g- { 34. Vigils
3 x/ G: N, B" L/ S0 a9 L9 ^( _1 Z, m8 b1 B! H2 M/ b2 c
Drama and Music7 V5 G; r- L( s7 ~# o( G* H+ ~
35. Humorous skits and pranks
. { }- }5 J0 R% P: S/ D 36. Performances of plays and music
) m- m* Q" X; u# F$ P 37. Singing5 l, {* ]) L; H. I. P T; K
3 C9 d9 B( k! [7 |$ O/ _4 l( IProcessions
- C4 c/ c0 F' X7 A. S7 D. H/ B4 j 38. Marches
, J9 m2 w, D2 O: a- f 39. Parades
* J }6 N4 c- \ 40. Religious processions
) H7 Z% {5 t) a) d 41. Pilgrimages
* C; z& u/ \ w. O 42. Motorcades
6 ^! H T5 J4 r( d& @! E, h. s0 t+ L( z3 \/ U9 M7 o( Y- p
Honoring the Dead
' w% Q+ j% `$ g( L( N 43. Political mourning' H% b3 K4 M) h
44. Mock funerals% {! x @. V5 k5 ?" Y
45. Demonstrative funerals' p# E5 h2 z! o/ A2 M& r
46. Homage at burial places3 c) ~5 N( r! ~5 X8 i
" Z Q& S. c7 B; W6 |7 \! o/ m
Public Assemblies
2 N8 X& o( k3 G6 S) P3 _ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
' |4 J) B9 v- F! s7 k! q( O" O- B 48. Protest meetings
3 W o) d3 n7 j# c& C3 c# P 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ z8 S) S1 u2 \- r5 o% y. K# a 50. Teach-ins
( T, v' U n& \$ B% Q' v- [- q+ ]! W
Withdrawal and Renunciation
, q; H1 F% `: ~- @ 51. Walk-outs
9 n& ] b( E! B6 H/ l 52. Silence1 M0 }- n' Y F5 E6 T
53. Renouncing honors6 a/ ~2 C8 o( H4 ^' K3 [# Z
54. Turning one’s back
4 n2 k" B) O* J5 _( O7 a2 b7 A
3 i, a: D: w; d: y: N ' h/ d9 K5 o. v; v- Z
( u! h2 u# n' _5 c$ ]
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
- ~5 s4 c0 R5 J& W$ T D
7 i1 Q6 d& p5 T* o" X
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9 O2 o, t7 {; `0 z, S. Y9 j8 b, mOstracism of Persons
0 A& k/ j' M3 I 55. Social boycott
; U5 J# S x$ @- b- E' v 56. Selective social boycott
) g- U# v' w9 u 57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 q- P/ |/ \5 u5 U4 H& a 58. Excommunication
7 ]" n; S; ]7 C 59. Interdict$ S- `) H) L. @! K( ]# W. y$ u
/ w: r7 M9 j6 g [4 S0 aNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 |/ |4 f: q2 d- h( X% V3 |
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- U. c6 m; c7 `1 J# Z8 [% x1 Y) q 61. Boycott of social affairs
1 q' Z8 m1 r) r# ^ 62. Student strike+ C. I0 I, w% o2 Q
63. Social disobedience
- s% ^$ W1 e7 d# X 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& S- _4 F" ^* c E2 D# e
7 h: ]$ S0 S& `. U* u, ~Withdrawal from the Social System+ t: S# u+ ]. J, k$ i# h( ?2 T
65. Stay-at-home# x W2 `4 d7 m2 i# \
66. Total personal noncooperation
* v! u6 w$ q6 C( W4 ]$ ~# a, l. ? 67. “Flight” of workers0 _2 _+ o% E( e, }. R
68. Sanctuary' u) z7 z+ ~6 m- t* A( c, m
69. Collective disappearance. r' M8 @: R3 ^/ ^
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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. \$ i N" }1 g$ l& uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 W/ ? Q: C; J% f# Z( ~2 O+ }( Z+ G0 X
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Actions by Consumers
' L% I/ C9 R; n( J0 I4 b 71. Consumers’ boycott- W5 Y( ^0 B2 H: _3 T8 R7 e
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% V% }& l) U6 W5 A4 N 73. Policy of austerity
' A) p) x, Y( C; K6 \ 74. Rent withholding+ G" g* ~0 @' o: Z- N9 d
75. Refusal to rent1 m+ l; M0 v1 ^* m! N; C9 B( D
76. National consumers’ boycott/ `/ c) w5 {0 i6 h0 E3 p
77. International consumers’ boycott: h& f4 W3 M" b, @& l; b, e
3 \2 @! s$ g$ J: D2 R ~- Y0 uAction by Workers and Producers
9 [ c3 J# y, X- w* u3 u 78. Workmen’s boycott& t1 u0 z% n! I* C" y
79. Producers’ boycott
3 r- k3 |( I$ j% A: {8 y% W
+ j$ M/ K' X2 e: d R8 \Action by Middlemen
' q# O! G Z6 z* @) p1 D/ A+ P 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 O, b: k! [/ T7 @5 {
0 ]; g7 \6 T3 }+ S+ ^Action by Owners and Management
2 r7 a$ l3 N' m2 p3 Q- \ 81. Traders’ boycott
. e# y3 ?' Y7 Y3 o8 n/ r 82. Refusal to let or sell property/ R! C: [9 K( g5 ^- z6 V3 c
83. Lockout5 O( W$ f* |/ Y+ S/ n4 ~
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, B3 V V4 Y& D+ ^ f
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( p4 P1 t7 C* B5 L7 R- d$ K$ O9 H; Q5 S, G1 Q; W J/ T: d" D
Action by Holders of Financial Resources! h/ I& v2 b3 A# N# A. k5 K# B4 ]4 m
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 m& a1 m4 G, L0 F+ ~ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- i/ q" D' F! ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 \9 G1 u8 G) u0 r* h 89. Severance of funds and credit2 r. `2 A0 n, q, |0 X$ F
90. Revenue refusal
, b$ U* ~7 l1 a 91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 y- d3 P% W8 A7 J6 B
- I; `) Y& z+ E3 b0 u. F+ v# s {Action by Governments
& q$ _6 }2 x7 w1 t" J4 A6 ]0 E 92. Domestic embargo3 v( {/ X' S) h6 N5 j
93. Blacklisting of traders
, _( V' i1 ~4 I( [: o5 k* H 94. International sellers’ embargo3 w3 R. f% Y$ i7 `% R
95. International buyers’ embargo* H9 m% C" A1 X& d+ Q! E0 ?+ G
96. International trade embargo
# D4 j6 q9 k- V: [( L; u4 Q! x: x
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- N# X" s# e( [6 _; E3 ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ t) {- |, J& B# x0 C9 [- ?. W& P) F
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' O7 j* n7 }* w& @5 c9 K8 f* @2 L; kSymbolic Strikes4 j% c5 T. C4 D; V" f+ w
97. Protest strike+ q8 S9 }* S" T& g1 w' ^
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& b8 M+ {% `, K" U2 V6 A
5 c! P/ {3 m. Y5 \3 v) LAgricultural Strikes
1 @2 F* D' U5 ^! F, w& s$ H 99. Peasant strike
3 c7 ~7 d) ~9 v2 @ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
' ]/ H0 E3 E0 N% L2 k2 A2 B3 x. j3 b$ g* w" M+ d0 F7 {
Strikes by Special Groups$ }7 f/ o# H+ M; \
101. Refusal of impressed labor6 s7 `- R R- U( n% }' W4 S! d
102. Prisoners’ strike
* Y# s) j' d C$ ~6 ? 103. Craft strike
8 w" `( T# q) f 104. Professional strike3 c2 X" j% `; ?+ Y4 C
0 A5 m; z* F$ ?' I$ V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
/ c' _* w1 ]9 z" j9 _ 105. Establishment strike
+ k0 t6 c* D* { H" W! D 106. Industry strike% Z2 D& c" ]0 g* L" W
107. Sympathetic strike
( A' L/ d/ J" J# u& Q+ C; Z2 C# R+ n# z9 ?9 D* r
Restricted Strikes9 |2 x6 C# \9 s: y+ R
108. Detailed strike
: B6 ^; b! e% ^" r- p 109. Bumper strike; Z2 I$ t9 A8 Y! {$ f9 Z. m
110. Slowdown strike9 [7 _" z0 V9 k9 k5 l
111. Working-to-rule strike( ]2 o; T0 | T. f( R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 J! Z8 J6 K% T% g
113. Strike by resignation" x' B6 f& R" e0 F. [# J1 o2 j' [
114. Limited strike
' Y' E$ L1 V& I9 L1 N 115. Selective strike$ c4 x1 D& I% K! I: P, a6 O
) S; T2 g9 l# o& \' s
Multi-Industry Strikes2 [8 W; h) e! w/ Z+ h8 d
0 U, s& ?: g1 i' `# m: { 116. Generalized strike* w/ A. k) T" }1 e* L7 B
3 q( E6 \- Y, ~# w1 s 117. General strike8 u: {5 N# l8 Q& c- k" r
; |+ C; @) h' U K( y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures& A9 G" Y, ?/ F6 u, s
/ M" u- l4 Q2 Z J& G9 Q 118. Hartal, P5 g: f6 P! o
7 n5 |. Z$ q4 v$ O0 z 119. Economic shutdown
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) j+ a. N8 d4 I( `! jTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, U$ l" p x$ m3 Z- f
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% Y8 Y" U; K" J. e4 B" h ZRejection of Authority9 w4 Q7 Q+ ]3 N; l4 t" m
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 G+ {" ^& D. e9 D! ^ 121. Refusal of public support7 {' S( I& M% S' |/ Z7 n; v9 N
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 y- X8 D3 n6 |+ R' U- ]
3 a: A/ K: n8 T- eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ P2 Q0 g: [+ L6 h% r
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. R. l/ `' n! U) a, P 124. Boycott of elections+ T- f! \; p. |
125. Boycott of government employment and positions) p4 w5 l% V3 \# Z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ t- H5 \+ S. k) Y3 x" ]& ` 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 l5 n* v. W5 G/ ?7 h: g3 d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 a! h8 S" N6 C, U# \; M! }9 f 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! q i* V/ U; e' G
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; `% z# J/ b% H
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 U: b2 T3 U( l! }) {) h 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' E" _7 Y9 C. P7 J* \
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 U3 l; x1 Q+ l6 H7 L 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. ]6 O% M. k7 q2 A$ c2 U
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 t# X" H0 t7 I/ b$ k& z
135. Popular nonobedience
1 t" R+ H4 d" o: Y9 |- c 136. Disguised disobedience8 ]$ r* G `8 M6 B
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) v' [* a0 g5 m, w3 E
138. Sitdown3 M) @4 _: X, O4 j- s, n) ]
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 `9 C# H0 A: k( {8 P
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ v5 p3 Y5 l! H$ _! N) D
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# d% M+ D N+ Z2 T% W- y4 E& W# k, q
Action by Government Personnel0 ]" S$ V* b! ]8 u4 t! |' ?
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 L" W0 u2 U3 _8 o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information& d4 j0 Q0 Q" c) u# _
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 M. H* w5 l' a4 C 145. General administrative noncooperation
: Z! Q; i1 G' P' ^
: n3 l; R% z! q K- K$ Z$ X" n+ e& \5 [ 146. Judicial noncooperation
# b! X5 ~& U$ z% n+ N" ? p 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ V6 L+ h1 I n5 r
148. Mutiny9 \ e- B% B9 ^4 X6 m
Domestic Governmental Action4 a/ O ^4 d2 k/ h& F( u
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ Q# n3 c3 x$ a0 t1 [; y$ f) j 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units6 Z2 C. y% A! ?; d! |% z
' s4 _- H9 R5 z5 b) P7 Z7 TInternational Governmental Action
( b$ ^$ P7 P8 a5 I) C 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ W/ S& h& p/ v$ A! s1 j
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 g/ x3 H0 m5 {' h4 S 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( W! i- |9 @3 j: f8 D$ z$ m
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& N- X9 C7 I/ I, P: w" l# i 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' V( i0 [ j9 c C 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' |& ~& S# K4 o6 V7 A. l 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
$ n1 W3 |7 q3 J. b) E, _- o! g 158. Self-exposure to the elements( ~" `% _0 H: Y* q% G
159. The fast$ C2 _8 i3 s; r
a) Fast of moral pressure
/ u' Q8 k/ t+ |" W b) Hunger strike; h1 C) R. o9 e$ c- Z4 r( S+ Z
c) Satyagrahic fast
( P3 ~3 A! O$ L4 Y7 q8 t 160. Reverse trial/ L/ d( L; Q' Q
161. Nonviolent harassment0 ~* q, @' g( @" B ?" M
9 ^7 K5 K$ {8 z0 v+ ~. R( [
Physical Intervention
. |2 w6 x. G; `" ?: k! f M h- E 162. Sit-in6 _+ W' Q# k8 Q# N3 Z: S
163. Stand-in
, m7 i/ g0 f0 E6 r5 t 164. Ride-in3 W: n4 M3 w( C! U
165. Wade-in
$ P1 Q# k) k; I' f& k1 a 166. Mill-in
7 o1 s# [5 j9 i' \- c$ F 167. Pray-in
( L7 W0 g1 {6 v* f 168. Nonviolent raids' P& w8 g6 J6 n" V, j7 ]5 k, Q
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ }. }* i1 @: u h& M 170. Nonviolent invasion" u4 |% `/ U7 n3 n9 l0 X1 @
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 A9 W: N) F2 F 172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 p, B) y2 ?9 O5 @" `; p( J 173. Nonviolent occupation' c [9 S" Q$ N- q. Y9 S% R# x$ ?
3 D4 u1 B" r1 K3 {0 N
Social Intervention8 B0 l% w9 V# q0 {8 n* M
174. Establishing new social patterns
) }) K' a0 k( m: [0 s0 s y6 x3 R 175. Overloading of facilities
6 f# u! F- T2 }2 N g, O8 y2 h9 n& U 176. Stall-in
. k, @7 U b! Q0 G1 _ 177. Speak-in6 y# D$ H2 B* _4 v* }# \4 Q" n0 @, m2 k
178. Guerrilla theater# D) w% r, s3 {4 b( ]
179. Alternative social institutions+ l# ]- A& a3 S' U
180. Alternative communication system
4 X: w9 M: y! ~( }: z8 v) R. w% ~3 j
Economic Intervention1 A' X6 M/ Y9 ]4 x' k3 \& C
181. Reverse strike
7 g( J7 Z6 h$ c 182. Stay-in strike
* i n9 n% ^/ V; z Y; Y! t, N 183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 a* ?* j. `1 t; n( s 184. Defiance of blockades) B, ]7 d8 P& R' O2 c
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 ?5 m' [/ u" e+ N) ]. U 186. Preclusive purchasing
/ P* M5 s7 w2 D, Y- ~ 187. Seizure of assets9 O8 i: ?/ B0 ^0 |7 i
188. Dumping
& s2 y- r9 R6 e+ B( k 189. Selective patronage
6 C# }0 Y) A8 i+ s } 190. Alternative markets
! f; U I, P- d 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 C- m* ~+ h! `- \9 h, X3 U+ d 192. Alternative economic institutions
0 c4 m( a; W: E/ M+ b6 e4 ?1 E4 p
Political Intervention+ ?. ~! n1 w) A
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 G% a, M7 T3 B3 h2 t 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 R8 w" o0 K% U6 G8 |9 u' L
195. Seeking imprisonment
+ Q( r/ w: U q T9 v9 S7 r0 f 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 |# y2 B: I* k; X$ Y
197. Work-on without collaboration
* t9 [% f# u+ A% a; U, Q3 Y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 S0 V- `# Q9 v/ a( \7 p" S6 Z6 ^9 m' B
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
