 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# _8 F3 o t' z5 a/ ]+ V1 LFormal Statements
# G$ f5 Y4 n2 o 1. Public Speeches
" P5 _, [9 j, j) k8 i7 v4 @4 Z 2. Letters of opposition or support/ ]* t, P& K$ [$ I% T
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% k4 P5 b4 v Q4 _6 @% o' K 4. Signed public statements2 z' l; u" A( G0 }% f
5. Declarations of indictment and intention I9 z& q8 S4 s: @( A7 e
6. Group or mass petitions) C; ]/ L- d: X( q3 I& \' L3 }
% ~6 V7 S: W% I+ ]Communications with a Wider Audience
! h! I0 [: r6 W, s7 _ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: _4 _: G* ^' E1 b# L8 K
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, `) G/ q/ f' s2 ~* X' D 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' V9 | z$ l; d7 {- t5 |; C& ? 10. Newspapers and journals
2 q! o4 A6 |0 o$ h) Z/ U 11. Records, radio, and television
& T7 H) a$ R6 ?% Q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 a* A( K; j5 M- Q2 K) i* w7 \4 c3 D
+ E& o2 u h2 b0 @+ ^" |
Group Representations) D' H0 K& ~+ I5 t g6 x% h
13. Deputations
* ?( D1 Z& ?# g- G 14. Mock awards5 O0 w M& `: ]5 D
15. Group lobbying6 W4 J6 v2 ?/ ?; Q2 X3 M5 V$ y8 x
16. Picketing
$ X( W% e- q: r2 t$ t( u 17. Mock elections
& p) f: e/ p& @7 P8 e! D$ X
' t# G4 v- _+ v# W8 i$ ~* \Symbolic Public Acts
& x' p3 @9 Z" G4 }6 _* I 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, h* ^; D# B" X7 H0 N 19. Wearing of symbols
, t3 l0 M: I6 k7 m 20. Prayer and worship7 E+ T/ y) C+ ?
21. Delivering symbolic objects
; n- S+ X' f, u3 v# X* \ 22. Protest disrobings& K3 X+ f* q% w
23. Destruction of own property
1 U$ x/ N% v7 f2 n# P3 R+ N* @5 j 24. Symbolic lights
9 B3 L$ |/ c5 u* x. ~& v+ N 25. Displays of portraits
5 u. s( Y" x% r 26. Paint as protest
0 T+ s3 X9 ]" u0 v) W$ N$ C 27. New signs and names
2 s: }. q+ L# d0 b' s 28. Symbolic sounds# F/ W; y& N f
29. Symbolic reclamations
7 X' X, D, G; j8 f 30. Rude gestures' [; u, \; x2 ~9 a% U
- ]. j% z8 J# W2 x& n7 B+ w& u; H* _Pressures on Individuals
; M, ^. u) j o0 f2 P$ ` 31. “Haunting” officials
- \" _+ o# l: w2 M 32. Taunting officials1 _/ D* g! N+ C6 g
33. Fraternization
8 i6 y* f& y/ u6 m# y 34. Vigils4 Q, z/ K+ Q6 F! ]
6 v! w& r# T2 q9 t% Y5 vDrama and Music
+ T3 x9 s; G, |, { 35. Humorous skits and pranks7 f4 V8 C- }3 u$ M# t' n
36. Performances of plays and music
. j2 \ \9 e8 h# M8 q; v& S 37. Singing# F, x1 h0 o1 d& |, F# i0 G6 S$ u
! h% d5 [- u l( c; WProcessions
0 x+ K5 d) U e$ w) f1 n 38. Marches
+ ?2 f8 R* D0 q6 l 39. Parades
2 r# K4 @/ G8 q* a! g6 S 40. Religious processions7 `) {( ~# q g: M! d' k
41. Pilgrimages
( I' @" D$ V: q4 Q6 }: Z/ ] 42. Motorcades
8 Y/ ?: A- \* G& g" L
- Z+ y/ M9 x x5 Q, D& J, v- p# z" oHonoring the Dead& ^, Q2 I h4 p V S: s/ x8 l |
43. Political mourning% t4 T1 w @! w: G- F0 g: n
44. Mock funerals
" \% d+ X o6 T5 p 45. Demonstrative funerals
8 b9 q2 {5 A9 m1 y% r 46. Homage at burial places5 O' z7 a8 o) h" a: H/ a
# H4 P1 W3 J% lPublic Assemblies
" R& D' v0 E6 E0 z3 @$ l6 t# i, R 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ [: o# A$ K8 }/ c7 g3 ]
48. Protest meetings
" G' }) |3 u( b9 D$ H5 L 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 ^& t! O' ?# Z2 x6 s
50. Teach-ins1 ~, ?8 a# V# \( _' {
# `+ W% B8 v+ V' z+ i( t% ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation6 K3 d% C. m# L9 G
51. Walk-outs; n2 s/ R, D5 I' S. i9 s
52. Silence
$ W# g1 [$ G) @5 ]: @) B 53. Renouncing honors; V1 u4 `: w; S& L
54. Turning one’s back
, g" H T2 I7 {: J: C6 L
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' C8 C) ^0 n ^0 u( R' }1 h+ d$ CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 n2 A: u* l/ z% Y1 d
8 i, N6 g8 \ s% d6 s$ T% ? % _1 v# ~% x; F8 r ~0 w
7 L* ? f6 a$ y/ b' P# G! } `+ EOstracism of Persons
1 B3 d; ]# C* ?9 d. \ 55. Social boycott
+ P" H. q* y: X+ F, B 56. Selective social boycott: e# ], j4 T. l% M
57. Lysistratic nonaction9 s. J3 Q/ l% D4 L. @ |5 b4 ]
58. Excommunication
0 l) D& p, z! }$ G# P. b 59. Interdict
; ]- Q0 ^1 b- `* h( \$ s g
1 N* }# ?" p# V* h& `Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions' J+ r7 l, O2 \% g' r' F. J
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 e4 ?2 z9 }7 @" e' _ 61. Boycott of social affairs4 Z/ @) B0 Q6 n) \, f- x
62. Student strike
' A) p- S6 g6 m$ e o; z9 R 63. Social disobedience- x+ N, n9 A% c
64. Withdrawal from social institutions# s% }1 m& J- ~. ^; ]9 C# Q, y2 _; V
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Withdrawal from the Social System
8 B- g" o7 q$ |4 S P5 \" R5 t 65. Stay-at-home
4 f1 O. e3 x, ?% C8 C: Q( G: a% W 66. Total personal noncooperation
4 S/ s# R5 [# m* R 67. “Flight” of workers
" W4 z' H$ j+ w8 c4 @ 68. Sanctuary# w) d2 I& p- Y+ |8 ]
69. Collective disappearance; d* p2 q: r, k1 @/ L/ Z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 W y& o- m1 j: t7 l6 ^ q+ W; P1 X% t+ q9 U
b% j8 |6 A$ C' s' U- q9 B( g) b, G- O% `
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! F5 m9 V2 Z% G M. x
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* i0 Y8 P0 r' e1 Z7 e+ ZActions by Consumers% B! E D8 G0 O2 F
71. Consumers’ boycott! V# n' s* k, c0 _9 v* A% h
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ q. N. `5 V, ~8 p z- V. v 73. Policy of austerity9 I6 I) J6 `9 r" g( k" R3 R3 Z
74. Rent withholding
. |6 _1 F1 a* T* s$ R( z 75. Refusal to rent! k$ N7 g8 ~* ~% C0 Z
76. National consumers’ boycott
8 ?' S3 w4 N+ Y- f& e 77. International consumers’ boycott
x% r9 l1 E4 n" d# K1 W* Y" u& P) _6 ~# T- c
Action by Workers and Producers- h9 L, U }$ R$ p7 r. L1 V
78. Workmen’s boycott- ~. ~1 W; d3 j: t) [( H( [# h( c0 A
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen7 ]: F3 D, g+ G9 E& ]4 M8 z, I
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 m. j/ W' e- w- \2 \- P1 Z2 r5 t5 I8 x1 a& L+ C0 W$ J
Action by Owners and Management
+ G- t- |: T; G, C+ G( o. i( E 81. Traders’ boycott
) k5 y, ?6 J- j4 f) F4 p8 l# G* r 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) h B F4 c: z( I8 P 83. Lockout, G2 f$ F6 y9 @+ ~( [
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# W- R' G) v1 N: N; z$ G
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources- K& M0 \6 I. w. S) ]' G0 }
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, h+ R2 b3 K, D# s" j( w, c' } 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 p* ], P+ J3 X$ | q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 D$ L9 M9 M% P) x( ^2 q2 l: R5 d2 B
89. Severance of funds and credit
) H/ e6 L0 G* f0 \2 A( ~ 90. Revenue refusal
% [( [1 W1 T) X" R/ K* [ 91. Refusal of a government’s money& Y) O4 [$ _' L! X2 D
& z, X9 \' y' f5 W3 _( z
Action by Governments+ y- s9 U3 s- A7 `0 U
92. Domestic embargo" t4 j& _6 e, k( m( `
93. Blacklisting of traders
/ e$ m9 r6 H/ H$ N1 { 94. International sellers’ embargo
, E, Z' R: }* h6 P1 @% e8 X$ ? 95. International buyers’ embargo
" h5 ~$ i. b T2 k 96. International trade embargo2 S, c7 G V2 k }) T2 |
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8 I- i/ B% I3 n; x' l
# w% H3 O+ w4 L3 B9 ]" U5 UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE |9 j& h& P _5 g7 |! x
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1 Z; }/ L& I" [, HSymbolic Strikes
h# Y! x$ G5 W& b, X 97. Protest strike( F. w' m. \/ |$ D9 }; Y& ^3 C
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 v& g' Y/ i; y8 m- h6 z
" \- K% x; `! f" c8 ~0 v% k* ~Agricultural Strikes5 r ]2 N' f0 m7 c8 q/ Q4 |* I; Z1 O. o
99. Peasant strike
. i4 \* t* H% B& v8 S5 V 100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 ^- w1 j1 c' X1 U; j) e7 {0 `7 ?, @& o1 o3 ?. m& c2 n4 E8 {
Strikes by Special Groups* U, E2 O3 h$ a! J9 }6 k
101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ r S7 V7 ~) q* `0 n" b 102. Prisoners’ strike' q' @0 m- u1 S V+ W/ d
103. Craft strike
3 a; N0 i' y( b' @5 s 104. Professional strike j+ e0 l' Q* Y* n) z: ^, D2 U
$ U4 [2 y- f9 y8 tOrdinary Industrial Strikes
" l; k6 Y' `; w/ e1 G 105. Establishment strike
P( C4 s& H' Y# i9 i/ S- A 106. Industry strike2 P5 E( E" a1 ~$ \8 C
107. Sympathetic strike+ s% E1 q" }" \/ I. D( G' k0 K
; O) I8 B0 B2 P: ^Restricted Strikes
+ x9 w* U9 N0 y/ _1 f 108. Detailed strike
# C9 m! O) U# Q 109. Bumper strike9 I, ^" E" [* c! @0 m7 I
110. Slowdown strike
: n0 N9 z' B% c 111. Working-to-rule strike1 _# g; ^3 `0 T, b* P, Z
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) [% `2 e+ S0 H0 V' y2 m
113. Strike by resignation% a' u- l' @- U2 d
114. Limited strike
0 u/ a6 I8 X8 q1 w& Z" k/ H 115. Selective strike/ U1 F6 C! h( u& r' ]
. s9 i( F9 V2 [6 v
Multi-Industry Strikes0 ?9 `7 B, H$ w4 |1 A1 }' @
c5 X# Q" Q, x( a 116. Generalized strike; X6 u! F4 b. g5 l( j
" I: m2 Q* ~/ c 117. General strike8 i& ?4 i2 |; {; G F8 A# \8 M1 j
8 m; O' M, V4 J; P
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 q# j$ a6 n" o( W; y5 I1 U6 n Y, _; w0 K6 J8 x; O
118. Hartal
: s+ M+ ]' [) S3 T
# \( r5 p. a/ _ 119. Economic shutdown! D/ ~5 @8 @* J( t; p
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6 r5 U! U$ q1 z8 B. k2 l; P' TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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, Y$ `9 _% {6 _, v( ERejection of Authority
; Q4 e. j, s3 G# v 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 P% H* N4 }9 d: ^% G! S9 B/ j 121. Refusal of public support
' o0 M, P; x x5 t: \ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- j7 B$ w, ]: U4 f. A$ K' u# j, V% p% U. Z/ N" N/ d9 k5 v+ R
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) O2 ^3 E) o7 P 123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ _; H. F- Q7 Z3 [8 m
124. Boycott of elections/ x) t( X1 E8 O8 g
125. Boycott of government employment and positions7 t2 P. F- x. b7 e+ S6 [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" ^% ~" F d, S' A 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ u! U' J' e, ~: y 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) t/ w/ |# W- v6 E1 _
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
8 w6 U2 s9 m. w. v% e 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 {- N5 T1 b. H! a1 y: Q2 G 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 o. s2 ^) A1 `
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 e" b* X3 Y$ Z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 [1 ?! Y7 {: t) j 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 d* r" n @$ T 135. Popular nonobedience
/ n* Y2 v$ n! \. f7 k 136. Disguised disobedience1 S& B( `6 K' |: w) y q
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, `* a- Y) _8 \( }& }
138. Sitdown
+ Z$ a7 b# ~/ g5 }9 y7 N 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 d" d, u# C9 U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 R( L+ \+ z0 M 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 g* F8 q t% J y$ L5 g8 ], z k7 `) H
Action by Government Personnel
& i9 \ S1 o$ b8 J# y/ X) i: P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 W1 z0 e4 y- N q" I' K# X
143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 O1 t5 p; h7 W# [0 B+ v4 D
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 V5 W$ z$ q ?5 ]. r6 j% M 145. General administrative noncooperation
0 I* \! g4 |+ m6 l' j8 n( X9 H) e- ?) [6 a+ k3 U5 M
146. Judicial noncooperation" a7 F* L! _, d. I/ E
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ p1 I$ S8 S) ^% J1 o0 T5 f* d' q 148. Mutiny
; j5 }; M& H, C; l& CDomestic Governmental Action' a6 k( A( E' |
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays H: s2 Z0 |, T" f6 K6 A9 W
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units6 d5 f c2 w5 |- f! S) e/ U
2 ^3 P8 P- @* F3 ?, H& R/ e
International Governmental Action
8 b* { R( Z9 u" ?! N9 _ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ l2 Z) f+ z! X+ C, r) ?+ i/ n 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% s' L1 r" p- Q8 J 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: i( d9 Q6 h; e% k! \) U
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- V5 c# V0 S; h5 M
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 h O2 j, |" h0 F4 x+ q, }% g 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies4 U+ X* U% M0 v
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention2 F, k1 i9 H1 T# i( W9 d; X' A* d
158. Self-exposure to the elements
: ~# N& s. X6 g- i: `0 {' a 159. The fast
1 o( t4 z* f2 O- _ a) Fast of moral pressure
2 J& _! }" V0 f" g' R b) Hunger strike
% A; `9 }; ?9 {; w: Z: J% @- I$ W& E c) Satyagrahic fast2 N& L7 }% G, G. @' H$ c4 p4 B; f1 x
160. Reverse trial
5 k: A2 V9 f& c- R 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ _+ d7 G6 \$ e9 |+ F* Y
' @% G: _- ~: q& g5 {0 JPhysical Intervention
3 a2 c+ {2 _, C 162. Sit-in! B/ I: H: O, G7 b
163. Stand-in! y" \- u J6 W( C
164. Ride-in
; G: p) S6 e9 ~# V' d# B: X: H; i) P 165. Wade-in& t M W! e# }; s+ f3 R
166. Mill-in9 B6 V( b0 k, n2 m7 ]1 ]" @
167. Pray-in
8 e: o& [; y$ Z, g. G. }1 b 168. Nonviolent raids
) z% `. a% S* N( G! ^+ X. ? 169. Nonviolent air raids3 o* B) X) C9 D/ | M
170. Nonviolent invasion; K5 N6 p S- ^$ r: U
171. Nonviolent interjection5 R+ y# G% u" W7 G }' Y) i" p
172. Nonviolent obstruction4 U! S8 z5 r$ a( p2 A
173. Nonviolent occupation
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: T! [# Z" r1 T8 J9 X4 l/ \. D; DSocial Intervention, }- o+ q' m+ C4 j
174. Establishing new social patterns
) U& ]" |: L6 D4 m 175. Overloading of facilities8 q" I3 x6 L: b3 M) I; q
176. Stall-in" _ H& `" \ s4 B0 L7 H
177. Speak-in! i5 }, _& C7 g
178. Guerrilla theater
1 s4 u1 J: _+ ~ 179. Alternative social institutions
+ \ F4 Z- o8 O7 z 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention; A1 c. M9 X5 F; X! R1 T$ X
181. Reverse strike9 `. A) L3 L6 H' k' X) ^! @
182. Stay-in strike
4 r+ X/ e5 I. p. p! J! u 183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ K6 u0 c/ L+ g. S A5 ~ 184. Defiance of blockades- A$ {! \& u J1 A2 H) N M
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 i2 N& O8 L1 m3 v8 F1 f) v( i
186. Preclusive purchasing) c5 F" P4 k9 V4 r# _/ s, R, q
187. Seizure of assets) R& ?6 ?7 z- \5 a
188. Dumping
2 x$ z* z2 f. }$ k4 e 189. Selective patronage
& V! s. T: I ~* C! [* \) J3 L 190. Alternative markets
' h2 }% p* _0 m# j 191. Alternative transportation systems" |0 `- i1 e4 X! k' y
192. Alternative economic institutions9 V) f1 ]# X4 c$ C5 i
3 _1 s5 J d: W, D: C" KPolitical Intervention+ p6 |6 J4 |4 [* k' X- ]
193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ D: S( ]( _5 V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 h B7 h. n' A$ T. x 195. Seeking imprisonment/ W+ ^8 K1 N( N+ [
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
y+ ~* |! r* L: ~* } 197. Work-on without collaboration! f, ]% B+ v; t
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 Q# |& N4 C. M2 j& }
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
