 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 G2 B+ s* f. F+ BFormal Statements
7 |1 I& a# [& m$ k) w! Y+ l! `9 z 1. Public Speeches! D% {5 I8 M1 I( x
2. Letters of opposition or support9 G/ J% B1 w- M7 ~* e
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 \2 z& I1 Q0 B) w
4. Signed public statements
' u/ I/ g% q7 ^% \" y7 W$ S( D' J 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 g, f9 `$ G/ f* a1 u 6. Group or mass petitions e4 _' M0 d& N9 _* V( D
' O; m& r! p \7 V9 f2 c9 f9 g: y- c
Communications with a Wider Audience; q' y- C7 c v
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 c4 Y4 B# X) Y6 w 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 v% h; n0 W6 y) E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 r# h9 p8 X& h+ E 10. Newspapers and journals
4 W2 J. U8 ?) E$ q7 W& H/ f 11. Records, radio, and television
& F) `- o' t& d8 C" J d 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; L$ a0 c- v$ m/ N1 X
2 D* S3 |7 O! x; U: N" WGroup Representations
* v4 q. K/ r# Y6 D( [6 } 13. Deputations
' N }2 U: D/ t0 b% ]& u 14. Mock awards C) |% X9 u4 I- \# k. L- E W$ a9 e
15. Group lobbying2 K2 {) F9 |1 Y, P7 y
16. Picketing# z3 B9 J. a' G! d% _( s$ P
17. Mock elections/ d$ p: m$ z7 ^
7 N1 d; y3 C! W5 I8 V
Symbolic Public Acts
& g$ Q+ M$ a3 b9 g4 G( E: e 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% h% E: h, n+ c5 {, s7 N5 t% H* ]
19. Wearing of symbols
# {/ \3 @+ y: ]3 i$ z7 @* E 20. Prayer and worship) r- l) {7 i- r2 S1 o/ o3 e
21. Delivering symbolic objects
@5 Q! k7 V0 P+ {4 V3 c 22. Protest disrobings
0 I" J2 O5 U. ^; X( y4 X0 k 23. Destruction of own property
+ B; U. L5 N0 t% f% M1 z$ A 24. Symbolic lights
3 ?& b& p% \0 Y- q+ z; P 25. Displays of portraits
) o" c9 i- b. \0 X3 ?: D& T7 `; O 26. Paint as protest
' \5 l# E) }% v 27. New signs and names
( m0 i1 g; d3 G5 c5 N( H 28. Symbolic sounds$ j' | R0 z" t( I* |
29. Symbolic reclamations
; [& f2 D H" {" _. s/ @ 30. Rude gestures1 A. Y4 F- [$ v
5 z) K1 B$ P: G" u2 m- R: _
Pressures on Individuals4 y6 j7 @6 h, ^8 E
31. “Haunting” officials. m* s9 l# S; ~5 `! S
32. Taunting officials
. e1 s9 q& O6 F( S0 ~ 33. Fraternization7 a+ p$ }( o* z7 Q2 x0 p3 v' U
34. Vigils
' ^8 m8 M; T, n( j4 M t7 z
' k( [5 d. P f) a( U" QDrama and Music
) u& c% o" k5 r8 C 35. Humorous skits and pranks- m9 O& B: @) j! [/ U0 k1 O
36. Performances of plays and music
# ~7 Y6 W0 [" S4 I; ?0 l' f 37. Singing+ |1 \. _1 t9 U! Q
$ V% ]3 t5 H* l: C0 Y7 O! d; n
Processions Y* k- e2 r5 u6 }/ d& F
38. Marches, Y) X0 u+ l% ?! z7 v1 [2 N4 A) N
39. Parades
1 H7 q0 N p1 m: c 40. Religious processions# W! y+ ^ n+ _& @
41. Pilgrimages
8 E- @5 |+ P) q, Y8 Y" D4 p. v 42. Motorcades
$ g% e9 c0 c# ~' e- {
a, M& b# S/ c/ y/ f" W( w% U- RHonoring the Dead4 S7 N6 J0 t+ d/ Q3 i9 m% F
43. Political mourning Z% g+ s3 ^1 B5 L4 t, H( A
44. Mock funerals
# z: M- b9 U/ V 45. Demonstrative funerals2 p$ D. S' q2 q( X0 y2 Q9 i
46. Homage at burial places
; Q) K0 ?( M7 k& W$ X7 M' t- I1 E+ Z9 j
Public Assemblies3 J, \( u! c4 d a# K8 D; e" K5 X
47. Assemblies of protest or support) u8 e/ y* T$ M+ ?$ b
48. Protest meetings
' G7 ^+ T3 O' c 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 I; L: w: P; `* n$ n3 r! W' S
50. Teach-ins
5 c7 T* E( [/ J& R. ?" k
3 X& G1 {( D, H" f1 |2 VWithdrawal and Renunciation( o. _8 w: Z7 a1 Z. l# q
51. Walk-outs
) L, h4 c3 h8 J2 N; l, w: U2 u 52. Silence
: l# z7 @, P/ B M% n 53. Renouncing honors
' W; l5 _, f9 @+ ^' j 54. Turning one’s back
& K4 m9 f7 u. s/ W6 K" O; W1 c7 V5 u
( K1 Y1 t9 r6 A. E* `2 O% V
( }$ l% I' H& f( e9 X7 }( j
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 r! L' D# q9 s( m" R
7 q* A# J! W+ }( P + B& S8 G! q5 L c' m
/ C. U2 f0 d/ Q' a% J" S
Ostracism of Persons
. c- Y- h! ?. o0 H6 L0 g 55. Social boycott+ Y( D; ~+ j+ t3 `: ~6 R" F' G9 T
56. Selective social boycott
9 ]4 M* V+ x! n' } 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 m8 |( ~( s( J7 v0 x$ f 58. Excommunication' J- i9 {% e: Z& a: S& r2 q
59. Interdict
6 T0 A! |$ u3 x! N8 |, Y1 ^( g- ?$ e* \$ S
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& h5 E! r0 [2 R! m1 b2 a# y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 u, b3 Q8 j6 j) r4 A% r* B! }
61. Boycott of social affairs
2 g+ o/ ?- S) |0 k! L1 k, f, M" E1 h 62. Student strike
. f6 x/ p! U. ]" u& F 63. Social disobedience9 U; [- h3 f5 ~: y, g
64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 F8 `* s, ` d2 d9 b, n
9 N( t% J% v c& LWithdrawal from the Social System
* K) _' E. S% b 65. Stay-at-home
* m9 p; N" p- f0 _$ O+ | 66. Total personal noncooperation1 S2 Q: v7 L8 q) [9 J2 O' d
67. “Flight” of workers+ x/ U5 A9 P% O) ^5 K5 Q+ }" @# K
68. Sanctuary
* ^* C5 R. U |4 x6 S! Y8 R3 ?3 n 69. Collective disappearance
( g) G# x% r9 `7 {& t3 S5 B 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
4 f: A! ]' k/ [, q% a$ G3 Z0 L) l% y/ f, d3 G
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9 F2 N( N7 o2 i+ X1 nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! a$ i8 o9 n: m1 v2 M7 G$ v% \! m- G" a Q* k
, P: g" O( e: f( }$ f3 \ 3 R- R8 I6 A9 @( S9 f
Actions by Consumers5 R2 M, x" T% b( X
71. Consumers’ boycott
# \& A* A( r4 s4 C( A, O 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; {' c# ~4 W8 e; `4 g 73. Policy of austerity% O" F, k! _' |
74. Rent withholding7 H: I$ C8 @& D, c7 \; K
75. Refusal to rent
3 z- A* i. ~/ l; A9 ~! ^6 a6 P 76. National consumers’ boycott/ o" N7 l1 i/ X( R' ~$ ^) M; t
77. International consumers’ boycott
& b- V& S) O3 b+ d7 r+ I
1 Z8 O% | a+ ?+ m EAction by Workers and Producers$ J" @# H1 j, |8 e# y$ @1 m
78. Workmen’s boycott
% L0 `+ [/ a7 F2 _4 y+ V 79. Producers’ boycott# l+ m3 e- C4 X& a5 W8 W" t2 ?
* s9 i# X' e6 u* \% d) QAction by Middlemen
+ H, R. w% f- |! U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) A: H. X& l9 Z
5 V Z0 w1 k: M" i1 o+ Z6 qAction by Owners and Management
6 ?- f% O2 y; h2 y 81. Traders’ boycott
/ X; C" n& [" [& }6 P: d9 v5 H 82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ x6 x6 H, K) e/ Y7 |. @; s4 s# i 83. Lockout1 f! M L, D" i% c- I
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 f# o7 @( P1 d2 y: r8 h 85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 L! K0 X: I" ^8 Q; G
- ?& d: B6 }4 J9 HAction by Holders of Financial Resources! A9 Q/ A; p( H W
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 M- t/ M0 C( k
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 _& K0 ?. ~4 M2 x
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! P; `5 d( `7 ?0 o, k6 v 89. Severance of funds and credit s# S6 c' L7 ^* K4 Y
90. Revenue refusal
, Q2 Z/ `9 O8 p8 |* [7 Z5 ?& m 91. Refusal of a government’s money5 v9 O* K9 w! `+ j6 I0 Y" ]+ g
' n' G* p. L% @" F% z2 Y
Action by Governments
" h+ l! K0 V5 O( k) R 92. Domestic embargo; i# H/ E8 b% r8 ]
93. Blacklisting of traders% P* [) Y7 \( y% N3 g8 H; N9 R
94. International sellers’ embargo
& v, t1 V! k4 h3 r* s/ M 95. International buyers’ embargo
8 M; E6 X; q. R% B8 O: i. L5 p 96. International trade embargo' `* v; A+ _) T' V) r3 u# e
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! }+ d# y( ]$ H5 T) m1 Q' R. GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: t2 T+ Q7 o7 C- ]" u
1 M9 b1 U8 U. u4 J4 T
3 s+ S( f; P6 q! m; i' e+ KSymbolic Strikes
# ^) c- i' D1 l# R- M 97. Protest strike; J" [" \( o" x- Q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 J, A5 N" N0 t- w
. C0 J. l$ t, H1 I4 g/ [$ b BAgricultural Strikes9 J: c! I5 {2 A0 I* ?
99. Peasant strike3 x, Q, x4 d' K% l
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 P' {2 b8 G( q2 m, Q9 S8 z
7 C" } c1 ^8 A9 Y% P: W) PStrikes by Special Groups
) p+ y( x( u3 r; T1 `3 a4 F+ a 101. Refusal of impressed labor' X, u7 @' B+ T6 Z8 Z
102. Prisoners’ strike8 e- P2 A% s) r8 R
103. Craft strike/ \0 M% h( C! W8 j) J
104. Professional strike
1 H+ e1 Y/ c0 x2 y: C0 L y" B9 N# J$ m& V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ l; Y" e" ^ u& L
105. Establishment strike6 j- q$ L4 ~4 B2 S v7 g$ z/ Q
106. Industry strike! s# l1 L( P( C$ D4 j2 i3 e* E* i
107. Sympathetic strike
% v* a" e8 `7 \6 m% I6 l+ k- d) C' _; L2 |; D2 k* u( r4 p
Restricted Strikes* o* W$ ^- n. E" u, K
108. Detailed strike+ [" V5 \2 w* Z$ J
109. Bumper strike
! D5 X8 N# O9 y: ] 110. Slowdown strike
5 X# E. t0 Q. L' j0 Q; J 111. Working-to-rule strike
+ U1 a$ o0 E5 z- k: E% S 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
^2 c+ s2 M8 b& A' d 113. Strike by resignation
' B8 u* x3 j% O1 n 114. Limited strike
2 y ~& z3 O: q 115. Selective strike
8 _* Q6 K% r3 M9 o, g
3 b4 @" e3 Q1 [5 f7 a! xMulti-Industry Strikes
& N) a( d- c" m ^' i! D4 D F) p& ?+ \/ u- e) i! \
116. Generalized strike2 I' P6 n6 k: C/ U1 }3 \( t$ n
% ~7 Q' r1 m2 ]) J0 f7 l
117. General strike9 _4 k$ v; ]. z* `1 D8 @: D
6 L# t/ _3 Q7 I* ~
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ `9 s: u" {, a' h5 q& q+ q! v
5 U" J0 N6 _. A8 E8 _' ~ 118. Hartal$ Z; z8 ?, g; @ L( s
+ ^; {+ L: R! T& t" n6 a
119. Economic shutdown( b9 |6 Q B5 }1 Z
( s" {! v J/ X, i# s/ k4 N7 Q
$ W# s7 H6 P% p$ ~
; S" F0 c7 v6 CTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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0 @6 `3 i' q1 B ' y# P4 ^1 X2 O6 [% t
Rejection of Authority, D+ n$ A5 h6 s B
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, Y$ b0 m3 K# G5 N2 M
121. Refusal of public support
* F" {, I9 V' [0 u7 ^ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! w5 [8 O4 T1 l' e
' z# x( n' e) l' w5 k& pCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 S- w/ W( u; }! F* W- g9 n
123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 e3 M6 r: e/ `2 G- G* S
124. Boycott of elections% V4 o( ~5 F b5 h
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 z2 I( [5 [! C5 z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 Q( d% o8 h* o3 e& n; u
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 p4 l; P8 R" o+ x. J, } 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) X- A8 c; d2 K7 ^7 T6 ~% q- e. N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, C0 H- s* n, F1 I* ~
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# C) E1 B0 \) U9 `' p 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( g, d/ d7 T, J- [& Q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 N/ Q* w8 f7 |" J- ^
2 A7 G% j3 F1 I' x, v$ B! i4 V6 l2 F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# ~. t& E* k7 r4 f
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
3 v+ {4 n f6 b5 g 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 z$ \ G4 \) P1 p% r3 w" X
135. Popular nonobedience
6 K; h5 h' Z7 A7 o# w 136. Disguised disobedience5 Y& E3 S; L, ]2 _2 @1 p: i
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 ?* n! z# ?2 H% v+ p8 V0 J
138. Sitdown
) C4 u- G' n0 Z U' j3 Z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 K. B/ L% ^; U( E8 |% }: R 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' s" D9 l5 H: Y$ ?9 m7 T- y6 [4 ~$ f3 v
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' y: X3 I9 `4 b: f1 Z. n5 L+ o7 q5 A: {3 Q$ A+ `; m
Action by Government Personnel
& [/ q' [. A& J1 l2 \ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* U4 |/ b2 J" J% V! r$ }- K V$ T
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( S) i3 P2 _ \) u- N 144. Stalling and obstruction( E2 M z9 V$ y; T: A
145. General administrative noncooperation
3 ]( f1 z8 Q/ {# f I( l e
0 I5 M# p$ T& O, \9 O8 M 146. Judicial noncooperation- e5 d" R' V2 x7 ]' ?0 M
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& O: q# Q" _+ i' D7 v 148. Mutiny2 E. I& I9 N1 U+ g
Domestic Governmental Action
7 S# Y9 j% b7 X( { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# X9 f: x/ k5 ~# j, a' W' w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 |: s* X ?3 [9 q
# b+ b9 Z. I: }International Governmental Action) j. i; C; Y1 W) R" R0 n( {
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) k0 _3 n: d3 c A2 m+ D: M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) j& L" L! K* ~7 l: {" }* q$ m
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, }- I; o2 I6 _% K# @ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations% k$ l' j$ q4 J2 R. i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 P! F: v5 m, } y' ^' ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 s3 w Y- y) `: _* b5 B0 j" E 157. Expulsion from international organizations, a: w' u( m! x
5 s0 a. n- b0 y: S4 M ( I* a( D8 A4 r/ N) | i
8 K% c% M( }! r CTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. f R8 V! U8 V7 V7 n7 ^3 j
1 x) Y, K M6 r
7 g p. ~3 P/ ~Psychological Intervention
: ^& g% Y: p( X$ P8 C/ R7 G 158. Self-exposure to the elements' k" R' @& G* c1 h) H
159. The fast
7 S }3 B/ k. u4 u! o* N( r' [ a) Fast of moral pressure3 e2 d8 X0 d# D7 m/ c2 Y
b) Hunger strike
1 U L) e/ `9 p2 F. n c) Satyagrahic fast% A4 t& l7 }& P7 f* r! M: k+ v
160. Reverse trial
# v5 G& \4 Q+ w6 V& U/ b l 161. Nonviolent harassment
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4 s6 q0 T% a6 o6 rPhysical Intervention4 E1 V9 U) c2 ~4 a" [
162. Sit-in3 A8 K+ U0 f8 b' X
163. Stand-in# m' U& @5 P+ l' u9 X6 J* |
164. Ride-in' k. B& V" a) \1 `. C: I
165. Wade-in
7 p* I" p0 j2 f& d" E, U ~ 166. Mill-in& j& q, d) A3 n# f. w! B7 H
167. Pray-in
4 ^" z5 H/ T3 D, a8 y" u, R 168. Nonviolent raids
3 a) z+ }) e' k3 ?6 c1 ]( v* Z2 R 169. Nonviolent air raids* U/ U# w3 x) I2 y) D E
170. Nonviolent invasion* C8 [- O! U2 K( `6 k: `3 u& I
171. Nonviolent interjection
2 B2 w- }9 d* @6 b- Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction5 m' M+ n1 c8 h* Y+ U* x8 K! ?6 W+ [
173. Nonviolent occupation
* N1 v* {$ u0 j0 D1 k3 e& z5 F& h3 e
1 ?$ b0 r; a ~& C) H5 G1 o# e2 mSocial Intervention
7 ~1 F! v2 M7 ?" O- } 174. Establishing new social patterns( R6 h" F" o3 ^" \. }% O# a2 o/ V, N( M
175. Overloading of facilities
" E- G" K) F! B W' r4 s6 J 176. Stall-in( ?9 O$ Z$ |5 o- }3 R! {8 \: K4 R
177. Speak-in6 q- G+ U" ^) d
178. Guerrilla theater
& P: m- N; P5 ~ ?; |7 m 179. Alternative social institutions
' @/ M- o0 Z! E/ B 180. Alternative communication system
& J0 }6 v- B- F; f& N/ \9 U* x# _( G& }: h" B! f. Y3 V2 I
Economic Intervention
/ \6 a# Z0 G0 ], {3 c; S( E 181. Reverse strike
! t' g! A2 G2 B+ M+ w 182. Stay-in strike
( f/ N' [, c! H/ J+ h5 L 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ q/ L j. |+ j6 `) H: j( P
184. Defiance of blockades
4 t" U3 {; Z8 h6 N7 v 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, d* V& _; n6 y0 }3 ~; n1 O9 q 186. Preclusive purchasing
. V' T" x4 G: q% Q 187. Seizure of assets8 n8 r6 a1 o7 M$ {
188. Dumping( r8 X& B6 x5 Z# H
189. Selective patronage
+ s; M4 b7 J8 j! O( j/ a$ s 190. Alternative markets
6 ]& D& I# b# I, x 191. Alternative transportation systems
( h$ L& h X# N- b) r 192. Alternative economic institutions! m8 C7 {1 M, Q, Y. b
% _0 k- Y7 G$ r1 k" u+ kPolitical Intervention; w4 z, x6 Z1 Q7 q) j: |! a2 d
193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 I8 f$ D5 Y4 m0 f. Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& i$ _2 Y# j, m8 a
195. Seeking imprisonment
- X. Z. @; ~7 P( D 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 F. ?( ~* [: | 197. Work-on without collaboration
" w* o' c; G& S9 W6 G 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
