 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 z; a8 y- G% Z: p. f2 a# t, E
Formal Statements8 N8 z" V* o) j4 `7 l
1. Public Speeches
: d' t! x- `' `% m% K* J 2. Letters of opposition or support9 K( O4 b$ z0 \( A0 o3 ]
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# j- w/ d! V" x5 e8 D7 w 4. Signed public statements
. W4 m4 V6 b: \, O1 ^0 Q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: |/ Z9 X3 m* P0 a$ b e, g 6. Group or mass petitions, d1 K( }# C% `6 r* P i
) ^( X* ?2 P! R6 ]! M/ W
Communications with a Wider Audience+ d0 D) @/ R" o6 f
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
. L D+ S. J$ x2 K5 h 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications3 `& i0 J& H7 h% b7 J4 b8 `" `
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 m6 i' L k E0 w 10. Newspapers and journals
& o' U( A4 _/ [. y 11. Records, radio, and television) Y% a) Q% h& I# M5 Q
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 i# Q0 {! j9 a+ y
6 a4 e) }: U$ f$ }3 sGroup Representations
) T% c D" N9 ^; ^! E, d 13. Deputations# r \7 Q3 H, M; p0 b' ]# V. C5 ~
14. Mock awards
& a, y0 [. X+ w V! {1 ^& V 15. Group lobbying( s. J2 X% D* }
16. Picketing
. U) J8 `4 _9 G9 w7 x9 H 17. Mock elections
- q$ X4 x* D3 T1 y9 v2 L
i( `1 c/ J* ?& k. WSymbolic Public Acts5 i; E7 v* l- c5 ?
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. s( w0 O* m+ D- O+ B+ X 19. Wearing of symbols
! |9 ?- u' n+ d+ K @$ T 20. Prayer and worship$ w7 j6 |# G R9 o1 L, L6 V
21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 F2 x3 @: \+ c3 Y0 X/ ` 22. Protest disrobings
# a: i0 R" ^6 ^" k, v8 \ 23. Destruction of own property
* X8 Q3 @2 y& ^, r4 Y6 A) y& n 24. Symbolic lights
" h' T" m9 {/ K( w/ _9 F 25. Displays of portraits. | J$ h, j1 x; a
26. Paint as protest# S8 j! r* U5 n8 f
27. New signs and names1 v* F; H/ q: J" O& ~8 z
28. Symbolic sounds8 ~8 D# l* R6 u: }
29. Symbolic reclamations
( L! }9 i3 j. K J 30. Rude gestures
$ \/ m+ P9 W3 @# q2 k# o
) D. A r& d( G1 ]8 b0 WPressures on Individuals m# v/ e. [" t/ Q% X
31. “Haunting” officials
( m. t: ]5 N! B1 u. L 32. Taunting officials' F# j _: V7 q( S
33. Fraternization
7 N5 N+ x9 ?* W M1 X' \# o# a 34. Vigils" E9 y) g: X9 M! h2 P
5 h5 w/ }8 L6 t& b- XDrama and Music
( t, G L1 o, T" {. m/ p 35. Humorous skits and pranks6 [4 t% R; _& A. F1 I7 L
36. Performances of plays and music
: F0 q) z/ y" u8 v6 ^9 Z: O/ Q 37. Singing
* i! w; u& n' o) ^: }% o% |7 R: V: {! i8 v8 t2 h
Processions7 u/ B6 J, o4 z C8 u8 F
38. Marches# E- Q4 _& q2 E2 e u Z$ V
39. Parades) g6 S, z% s! ~, s. y8 n
40. Religious processions' @* L& h$ J6 H( X" T" ^4 r9 B7 s
41. Pilgrimages
$ n5 u& k7 l& r5 b" ~ 42. Motorcades; _% \# k- @1 S. ?/ u. }) x$ r
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Honoring the Dead
$ ?* i; F0 E- P4 b& G8 k' O 43. Political mourning1 z2 e0 {; G1 |8 w8 O
44. Mock funerals
& z3 N! ^ b) P) }$ F5 w, z" @ 45. Demonstrative funerals% j) h3 ]- {6 M; v1 e( w
46. Homage at burial places
6 `/ p6 i) I5 Q Z* E( d, W3 J" c3 Z' N0 x# ^
Public Assemblies
" y: X, t8 y9 U z 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& U8 a6 z/ u, W1 w 48. Protest meetings: I- Z4 y* C) y( G5 h
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% ~4 P. I3 C7 V6 b7 T0 y 50. Teach-ins
0 Z* q) y( A; a3 e& M
! w5 x! G5 `+ T3 iWithdrawal and Renunciation! @6 ^8 }) w$ \- q4 K
51. Walk-outs$ ]3 c& S! D+ u+ w' C0 Z
52. Silence4 O: E, N) l5 n* u
53. Renouncing honors0 B# Q3 t/ F/ f
54. Turning one’s back
9 _0 p+ [& x* u" S
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: H4 }+ [6 ^% qTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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. O: P- Z, t1 o+ G- Q$ M% X8 ]Ostracism of Persons
5 U/ ~2 K: T5 D7 i- w" f) O5 l 55. Social boycott
" D8 f" o- e/ C; y 56. Selective social boycott
& T, j0 Z% C8 w8 j; m5 ? C; | 57. Lysistratic nonaction
" q, ^# y1 @1 z/ e: M7 ~2 b 58. Excommunication
0 _( |: v. }/ t3 n. | 59. Interdict4 p u8 J# c* B) E9 f6 @
+ w0 X l2 m( v+ n* n
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
7 S& \2 y7 ~) z! g 60. Suspension of social and sports activities z( p( x! _0 A1 ~* z" d# S
61. Boycott of social affairs
# b3 w& o8 i+ b3 ^" J/ E( m 62. Student strike
* N* V. m$ ~! l. Y 63. Social disobedience/ T6 n) P$ o+ X4 T# D: `* W
64. Withdrawal from social institutions- c* t& b9 E, [9 l+ v
- u/ r }) C: P# {/ QWithdrawal from the Social System
, _7 \' B+ [0 `! }% l9 z6 w2 H 65. Stay-at-home3 _- x; Z( d* ^1 a1 y
66. Total personal noncooperation
2 t9 } f6 ?; b: M 67. “Flight” of workers9 E% k* K# B1 M: u: B9 o1 Y2 [* p6 ]
68. Sanctuary. [" W( i+ L) M; P3 t
69. Collective disappearance
& K, i% t* U! v% ~, \6 M' [7 v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
8 m) m/ u k Z) d- |! J8 h, c( N; G @4 u2 g
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4 |9 F5 P9 m0 z, lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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7 V- I0 T7 W; _2 I7 B$ F
Actions by Consumers* j5 W! ~( p7 b& B* L
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 ]7 |7 z( k4 _6 ^ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& Y8 r2 {0 X- x" ]' c
73. Policy of austerity
: c, p- T- c- b0 S 74. Rent withholding& i" l: [) x8 ~1 M) a
75. Refusal to rent
T Y9 |% R. T" Z 76. National consumers’ boycott
- N8 e: N) p: M3 _+ R$ ?( ` 77. International consumers’ boycott* j+ a! K( B- j. X( q, [* W
5 [ J* p; c$ c( P, m/ _) e1 bAction by Workers and Producers
/ P& Q, V: c7 i1 X3 D' Z' h8 X 78. Workmen’s boycott( Z' @' h9 c3 p4 J8 h0 ?3 o$ s
79. Producers’ boycott
6 u/ h+ A% A4 W0 |1 [: s8 b6 r
* R8 H. y6 O! Y H3 f& PAction by Middlemen
" H: A K) j1 H0 H. F- n& _' \ M 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! N' I, i. [# U( c: Y& G
$ O" j2 E$ `4 uAction by Owners and Management! B n7 M4 y8 x# m- D6 A0 L
81. Traders’ boycott
9 `6 h( {4 T8 N- p- Q 82. Refusal to let or sell property
( v0 n& z5 B6 K3 p0 R6 p) Q/ Q 83. Lockout s7 ]7 y1 G; N) f+ x5 D6 A7 Q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance G3 `/ @4 w# A# N; f5 q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 n9 p# D: O# \5 L# t R' `
" P" \" \6 y F0 A2 }( E& ~Action by Holders of Financial Resources) G( [: |+ r5 |& k' K# z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 K3 b5 n) ~. L6 Q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ L: c; V, z7 H1 f2 Y. } 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! T' F! `& ?$ B
89. Severance of funds and credit
! X/ ~% @7 G# F9 `# v 90. Revenue refusal: _* _9 e8 n3 Y6 L, c3 {
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments2 n# e" A4 u2 h, S
92. Domestic embargo4 T$ I! I1 P) O5 Q
93. Blacklisting of traders: ]+ E3 y v* u+ u; l6 Q
94. International sellers’ embargo! a' J# _& z6 j" s; d5 H, ~: A; u: e
95. International buyers’ embargo
% Q1 C" c& T8 i+ O/ J( } 96. International trade embargo- f# G9 s% C! `2 P
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" k) M5 `% A; p5 `$ w5 c
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Symbolic Strikes
( M3 j+ D R. f 97. Protest strike9 b" o0 ]9 g7 O4 E7 y- w% j
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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Agricultural Strikes
& ?* ^6 ~" R9 o 99. Peasant strike
. M0 z4 w" j3 U) B( a 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ J9 ?* X. E3 ~0 k! j' J, i3 g u4 k/ Y
Strikes by Special Groups A& q! A" Q+ _0 Y. P1 i
101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 w& i5 @! w. j( u) V9 r 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 ~0 j; M$ ~2 U 103. Craft strike
Y5 V3 o( o2 A' u, f 104. Professional strike& q8 W% u4 n# u0 M- {
( w) Q* f7 {8 Y, {( |
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
; f5 v4 y% r% a" f/ d _ 105. Establishment strike
0 [: \8 a; {+ [2 b0 s* l2 m 106. Industry strike" s" m2 N: B/ c! P% J$ F& E' q! V7 J
107. Sympathetic strike2 f f5 Y( g/ ~* s# j o9 ^1 M
) i0 B' c7 I4 r C' j2 h1 n* g
Restricted Strikes
1 Y- L, ]% ^) n3 m" g. h 108. Detailed strike
8 ?; i" D2 B0 a 109. Bumper strike; a7 Z; z* d7 z! A0 o
110. Slowdown strike% u: g7 H( e7 }5 {: D
111. Working-to-rule strike: t& g; I' q+ g3 j2 b. X7 O4 T) G# E
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)* Z v' O f2 Q$ L2 @
113. Strike by resignation, X& U# E) i) F5 R+ u) l& _+ j z* q
114. Limited strike
& G3 |0 s& r( U 115. Selective strike( l* R8 D2 d% c* R0 |; \- }# q
0 D n0 A# b/ IMulti-Industry Strikes: d i: G4 f& H1 q3 @
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116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 \5 C; B. X# w; W4 {3 x( N; D& v5 U1 K# P5 ^" ?( G i
118. Hartal# o! @9 a( }: {
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119. Economic shutdown2 {3 \( l0 s2 r& x# {5 Z- ^, i
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5 B6 H, a8 E v5 I; ]7 kTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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m/ U: I# d# h8 dRejection of Authority; P9 ^" X9 ~, }( V2 w0 ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 S7 F8 z* J6 h! ^3 G+ A' `& u( j 121. Refusal of public support
, i$ w2 V. }+ W$ `; d4 o 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
? q- ^6 @# o7 I/ U. I0 F Q/ y( U9 P: ?0 e# N$ ?* ?4 X
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government, ?2 h# E4 @- m5 }4 q, C
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& L8 S8 v; S1 p8 L6 B# M 124. Boycott of elections
- A3 B' f4 E8 R 125. Boycott of government employment and positions( l6 H& d% o- j: b% V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 Q% V; N- d& w. R 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 f* f1 H& o" o/ u7 i: \ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ G. O' Q0 V+ Z$ N, _
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% t# y3 b5 V9 x' o; Z M4 r 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 \* b4 Z Q. q' o5 U' e" R2 O 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
c# c$ Y7 P2 v8 O4 k7 L! w' I 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 t. M) S. f) c' z3 ]+ K
0 Q0 w: U9 e+ w4 lCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 C P) o h* Q# h! d 133. Reluctant and slow compliance- w8 x, H1 k! w$ z) u
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* B9 N% x3 |' w1 F6 S. ] 135. Popular nonobedience
" E' C, ~$ _1 I0 x8 E" S 136. Disguised disobedience
" P1 Q; j6 P X- u4 I) Z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 o* b: p* n. a6 Q* v, i
138. Sitdown
, M% x4 r' e; U) p1 {$ N" s8 i% z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ g% U! r: E, U2 U 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: H4 c& G! G- c5 o: G3 B
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* U/ i# U. |3 |6 z9 }
. j9 Y: u0 P# e% [% _
Action by Government Personnel
/ r+ ?! G& y& W$ s2 S 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; Z" ~8 h. g9 A6 z( Y' m) o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information! Z( v0 t& f t$ c# T, W! e
144. Stalling and obstruction8 q- x" _3 N. O
145. General administrative noncooperation
" n) V+ u5 L0 H/ l( H. r) R7 t
% s. V2 j6 Q/ ~3 z 146. Judicial noncooperation
- w: G/ O) U) m+ A) Y# O 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 a/ y$ }! x) v$ P8 o1 ~ K' @ 148. Mutiny
2 ~) O: c8 f! I5 x* b7 PDomestic Governmental Action
Z" \7 D6 x$ h8 k( q1 { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' c0 ]1 P8 J$ q* i% q
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 U$ j0 ]7 |# Z; l/ I( ?
+ o9 E+ w$ {: N1 X, s; p* h
International Governmental Action% A( e( ?. I, H( d" r, T' b
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 l2 g7 d+ V7 h3 R" _ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 m0 N' V% {* Q& N1 G1 W 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 Y h5 l* ?5 C 154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 m9 A' |9 ^6 G0 t I. C1 V# W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# {# G% y# i$ I/ Q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies! D0 G+ e) S* d5 Z, K1 {
157. Expulsion from international organizations& m4 Y' L9 g: E: B% V" i9 W
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+ j1 E3 Z' G: ^0 s+ `; m, ]% LTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention# f) b" f' z2 }0 p$ }4 a
158. Self-exposure to the elements& d( f2 i9 \# s, p% p N) v* X$ R
159. The fast ]: \# s3 _, c% C/ W- m- h g' |
a) Fast of moral pressure
! ?: g& I1 i. @! ~- V! t4 F! w b) Hunger strike3 s% Y- f+ y' H9 ~" ~% ~6 K
c) Satyagrahic fast) |% `- O# a M, M9 C
160. Reverse trial
' I" g$ {/ o# I, ?- h( w( b' ? 161. Nonviolent harassment
; [6 j3 x1 h$ m! E
+ m) u8 F4 c+ H. S2 |Physical Intervention i" R* w( H# q) p% f
162. Sit-in
4 J+ z' y" ]- ~- u$ X) ^ 163. Stand-in
2 [8 l! T; |* W$ N; [. j, G- U 164. Ride-in; }7 A1 N4 Q" Y/ T0 Z
165. Wade-in R( i$ M9 j: w
166. Mill-in! v0 V: m, h, j1 i
167. Pray-in( U6 _' [0 ~/ {9 k' v. K& f- x4 Q
168. Nonviolent raids
/ E0 w2 V& w7 O2 G# P) [. {% `* u 169. Nonviolent air raids; Z6 u( h6 t+ W! V- Z: K
170. Nonviolent invasion4 Z) H) k/ ]4 w: L
171. Nonviolent interjection: N' c* H/ V; S+ Z; B J0 Z% W7 {
172. Nonviolent obstruction
: L \* D: W6 }" m 173. Nonviolent occupation
* _- B0 n1 r) t$ k/ O7 g3 A0 q( s+ T( A, A; g. `
Social Intervention
) w+ ?, O/ O4 Y. s& D. E2 w 174. Establishing new social patterns+ ^* E( z% @8 s) w1 u3 W
175. Overloading of facilities) o8 _4 z: w, \
176. Stall-in
" g7 m: a; V7 ^. A! R8 X* J | 177. Speak-in
- p. `5 c5 M% d V S: ? 178. Guerrilla theater
+ @- K9 n& i. q# A1 a3 Y2 M4 D 179. Alternative social institutions: v9 Y$ i( X" B
180. Alternative communication system
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5 L: P1 V5 X& W& OEconomic Intervention1 W3 k: C2 B$ T9 v K: M" d
181. Reverse strike
7 D& g+ l0 A' K" H 182. Stay-in strike
" ^+ k3 i! H1 x- G" X' v; q; Z 183. Nonviolent land seizure3 N8 _" `* Q- I% O' X
184. Defiance of blockades- v" S# x2 M- X) L! r! g/ [. p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' B! ]" ?# U9 j/ x0 S. b* N; C$ U8 j 186. Preclusive purchasing+ a2 i" M$ w# l! B+ {3 l) m
187. Seizure of assets/ G, f4 n2 |( z# _: R
188. Dumping3 h- v! X" D' {- o0 b) K
189. Selective patronage
# q. g8 ~- D1 u- t, m 190. Alternative markets8 `- F1 o Q1 t3 \ {* y5 }% d
191. Alternative transportation systems
" p6 u7 w1 y, ? 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention) I# H/ A C; X6 r& c
193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 O+ e6 z+ z6 S0 G4 r! x) L 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 z2 m$ v/ c' }& V0 _
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 ?% E& _2 h; W& W' E- L 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 J% b. n5 y( a x 197. Work-on without collaboration7 K2 }. f# v% l: Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
