 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 o! Y5 b4 L4 b
Formal Statements
- P0 a( O" @2 M" g* n9 j 1. Public Speeches8 ]) L8 o }3 k5 t. W
2. Letters of opposition or support4 |6 v [0 b0 W8 x3 ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
2 |; G! ~+ v* z% W5 D, l 4. Signed public statements
5 m! }* D" M6 I8 P 5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 X1 A f8 D5 b7 g" a
6. Group or mass petitions
- q+ f8 _, E. U2 X6 \1 j0 @# S3 a+ K' g3 B$ L" O9 |9 B6 \
Communications with a Wider Audience2 f+ w: p9 \0 [) N7 y$ z# o
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ s0 Y0 p: s; x 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 Z: X; c, T2 v: n
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: s3 `3 R" I9 b* ~: @7 k 10. Newspapers and journals5 d! T( O+ X! _3 X/ b9 j6 M
11. Records, radio, and television7 R% i6 k( s6 {3 ~$ b1 [7 v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 o9 i& l3 u) H m9 _( ]
) g1 d$ b1 ]9 y
Group Representations" N1 {1 m! L7 |) z$ r
13. Deputations
9 F( a7 U, K+ p% G% _) N/ V 14. Mock awards
) ]: s1 d. k# b5 O3 C1 n 15. Group lobbying; k( w( \4 S' A. j8 A; j
16. Picketing
\6 h) T9 F* w# K$ \ 17. Mock elections6 j+ H8 M, g$ v! @" ^
* |4 M3 w# B7 `7 N9 O# X$ o
Symbolic Public Acts2 l5 |; U1 A% N( s) f
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 `7 C8 b7 H; ?5 O" D" _, I$ ~: X 19. Wearing of symbols/ ]3 X) t! l5 n# p
20. Prayer and worship
! \$ _3 s" u2 I# B 21. Delivering symbolic objects+ n0 b2 s& n6 l' _) c3 m% [
22. Protest disrobings8 k& Q7 S3 ~* _$ K9 l- Q
23. Destruction of own property; ^3 v/ p: K: A* L1 `( g
24. Symbolic lights" ^6 e6 h; J3 ]$ S. d
25. Displays of portraits! A/ f5 e& L0 ?- f% w. Z9 Q0 G& S
26. Paint as protest
! _$ U, M5 p1 S$ d( v5 L 27. New signs and names( {7 T+ O0 b% B8 j/ }' |; X1 d5 {3 D
28. Symbolic sounds
9 d3 n* I! \2 M) s+ C 29. Symbolic reclamations
% b$ w3 e( e4 F- k6 i, a) E 30. Rude gestures
. j% `1 v" M, \2 r) v7 g. J7 w3 ?* H: C7 U' H2 f5 b8 D
Pressures on Individuals
6 e& `$ F j# H& A; { 31. “Haunting” officials
9 L, j) w3 J N4 e. m% U) i 32. Taunting officials; |" ` s! S' O3 ^
33. Fraternization
4 i" T. U: u7 q p0 s! L 34. Vigils
8 a$ f0 t1 J2 X: e' B4 E$ z- ?0 _9 x" z- x& j6 \& b
Drama and Music
, R% Q& C o6 S6 ~+ Q9 @; d7 E- g 35. Humorous skits and pranks0 z% H! \' g! o9 [
36. Performances of plays and music) I }" X8 |, _6 G
37. Singing* }; P3 _5 V5 [6 R" N
7 N1 @; z6 U* S M: h# `! rProcessions0 y' Q2 Z9 K5 a5 B
38. Marches8 W( S6 V+ i- [6 f( J' d. g
39. Parades9 a7 V5 q; q& S: ?. k
40. Religious processions6 {; S+ o3 V/ T2 s2 p6 |# b) G
41. Pilgrimages0 ?5 [ ^3 g3 z2 Z# d! t& ~$ s
42. Motorcades
. A4 j+ \* G2 u3 m, k4 }' J1 a
2 {% @5 i2 F* q' m# ^% K3 |7 jHonoring the Dead
& ^# Z7 a# n' R! b* N% ^( K& d& B2 d 43. Political mourning
" ]4 M/ b" k* d% s: _) Y 44. Mock funerals5 g F, c$ s- v/ a
45. Demonstrative funerals* N! z) L5 I' r/ Y
46. Homage at burial places4 H; K$ y( @& ]6 V
8 a* J/ z% d0 q* K/ @' ~: Q( J/ ]1 D
Public Assemblies. I) J& c3 I4 B/ C& j
47. Assemblies of protest or support5 U$ O6 m+ H/ C
48. Protest meetings: W: @ ^' s5 ~5 D4 u7 ^+ ?9 n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) f9 {3 l. e: `9 F. D' F 50. Teach-ins
1 t! i0 T0 Y' l5 S7 @; T1 m
; m5 ~+ s4 f, X& n2 f" p: j' oWithdrawal and Renunciation
( w# e/ |! `& A' h L0 s, C 51. Walk-outs, R( C U" {/ G' Q5 Z
52. Silence
) }# j" K$ @7 m) f 53. Renouncing honors
3 Z* |8 r2 Z, p/ ? 54. Turning one’s back
( F9 O' @) e1 M% @$ Z4 h) w' D8 a8 u" U9 J
/ {5 z$ N4 m s- l/ s! Y. V$ x$ m3 S
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" G! c* W9 e$ c) D( s
0 j$ |$ w5 E- B# L
& ^% { q# \4 l8 \
, d7 ]) n, R4 v; M- I2 }Ostracism of Persons
# l0 z# k' V) Q- v9 |/ q, P. u 55. Social boycott
6 t- d* |6 k7 r" n 56. Selective social boycott2 r, s% [3 Z4 h- y
57. Lysistratic nonaction
& l! G6 K S/ w4 \ 58. Excommunication; U4 D6 |9 t: J7 ?1 A e R
59. Interdict
. p. F! ^* J2 j E5 b7 S* y& t, }4 |8 k; r! r
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* ~) A& u/ T) W( c" k 60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 J5 I, F, k7 |
61. Boycott of social affairs2 e- u$ r: ^! c% D2 W7 y
62. Student strike
# q; u, `/ [8 R/ i0 V! d7 N' Z 63. Social disobedience! k( {( g0 F( H' A0 M9 x; m
64. Withdrawal from social institutions' n' _! ~6 _4 U" S2 C# ^2 e ^
; h, L% I; D, H% N' q0 X
Withdrawal from the Social System
/ A0 @1 r2 t5 D; S 65. Stay-at-home
! c6 Z! |+ _4 Q9 U2 [ 66. Total personal noncooperation
! u; `& c% s& z1 b1 c0 z& ~ 67. “Flight” of workers: x0 R3 {' |; o0 R
68. Sanctuary
5 o! q5 n, J. S& x, D, J 69. Collective disappearance! ~0 P$ A; D2 [) `0 @9 [0 o( q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 H3 A7 [3 E4 K u+ j$ o( j t5 }/ n4 w3 Z9 i
3 B6 O+ S9 F/ \- [, I3 v8 j" w/ k& |' b& n/ J) N
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
& @$ z0 ^/ C2 k' G; p' w4 g+ ^3 B" e' a: c: W
9 B0 {2 `: h* v
Actions by Consumers
9 L+ H, S9 [8 |" b1 t2 z2 N6 y# |4 o 71. Consumers’ boycott
A$ _7 S% Y$ {" C1 Y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. L. z. B- Q: w/ T' m# D5 q) f2 T: _
73. Policy of austerity
. d _+ S; ]4 x' [! d0 {$ r/ |2 Z& j w0 S 74. Rent withholding7 l! Y* m$ {1 ?6 z7 j# \+ A! w
75. Refusal to rent
% j( Q* D3 y3 X7 r7 L8 \ 76. National consumers’ boycott
: w1 r$ A+ M2 S l' ~; M4 K' e! [ 77. International consumers’ boycott& k0 i( L/ ~/ |; C' I5 z9 ]
9 m: Z. D6 ^8 i O9 oAction by Workers and Producers0 _+ Y# f$ d0 `9 ?9 j
78. Workmen’s boycott1 `2 A. w- b$ H2 |7 I; `5 ]7 w
79. Producers’ boycott
: w/ H" \$ o7 z2 I2 i7 i) N: {
" m# D- G, r2 Z) o) \' f5 X% C5 uAction by Middlemen; ~- N; F, C0 b2 [/ \( i
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& ]0 N+ g) s+ L+ d/ Y( U
6 d5 Q) Q6 g6 Q* c* I9 O3 ~! p' p1 `Action by Owners and Management
# N( x) I, m. ] 81. Traders’ boycott
$ C8 @( h: X+ u9 y 82. Refusal to let or sell property m% Z) R; R2 u X, v/ b
83. Lockout- M. z/ V- s& x. |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, D {3 z6 b% @ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; \4 K: [9 i% l' [6 X
. P# Z/ R" P' W8 i3 H
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- @5 C g3 d3 |6 R$ U 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 z+ B6 o) }: i1 J- ?& E1 x 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 K9 _+ K6 y! H- s" n; p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, \, X' X' ^+ e! S1 |* D% X 89. Severance of funds and credit# g1 {7 P3 D$ s) m2 K4 [
90. Revenue refusal
8 d$ p. s# O; m: _ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 T) P1 K$ C- r5 w5 k
' I; Q6 C! |1 R( a) jAction by Governments
; q! o; I6 f& X 92. Domestic embargo' H6 G3 ~, ^ M$ O3 y
93. Blacklisting of traders Y1 |2 U- ], {
94. International sellers’ embargo! c% O4 u4 r! {* A$ q) Q- u6 H
95. International buyers’ embargo* g, p( l2 \1 U9 A5 s
96. International trade embargo
0 @* M; J- ~1 N- Z2 k/ L& }) q: z4 a( i% c' b
* G9 U% `, p% P3 |0 t3 c# Q. ]( r$ s) B4 d P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' X' |* M$ j" ^8 w; i& `0 X3 X; E1 H
6 V; B6 l7 `2 J( G5 v8 g8 @! \
; f- w6 }' |! k3 ySymbolic Strikes# D9 v( e' C( n( \) }- H4 o* V
97. Protest strike" g6 l5 X; t6 Y [: R
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
A! ?# s! E/ ?, ?. }1 u- J6 a' i% D2 R
Agricultural Strikes7 Y' i% n! @# D/ N4 k4 v
99. Peasant strike2 N) R( p* [, ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 \2 U* Z' a3 _2 Y9 Y! l2 }; U
, `# O0 n; e" l8 }- QStrikes by Special Groups# k/ u/ {- x I H7 ^% o5 X- g
101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 {" J( q7 D1 R5 E: F" k5 ` 102. Prisoners’ strike, v& B$ H8 ~% B! {* V+ Y& H
103. Craft strike
2 k0 n3 i$ i% y6 J5 F7 t- W: i 104. Professional strike
$ f6 x- k; y5 E9 u' u1 ^: W3 k7 Z0 Q Q2 i$ ^& F7 A- c- G- V0 @
Ordinary Industrial Strikes0 Y$ j) b8 I4 J3 `) K! G2 g: i! g' x
105. Establishment strike
1 O& e, N+ y; T( k, c# g 106. Industry strike. u( |& @ s" l) F6 \$ k& z
107. Sympathetic strike7 i( @. c/ W8 s E2 o
% `0 l3 ?3 i8 U e' ` w' `/ yRestricted Strikes; C/ D/ G! r+ W+ n9 y- Q- M8 l
108. Detailed strike
6 q7 Z: h) k2 ~# T d 109. Bumper strike
6 W8 D$ T9 z$ t* _* R0 ~, X+ o' l1 L r 110. Slowdown strike. A- n- P: a! S" y+ B
111. Working-to-rule strike
; o F" K0 ^) J2 ~" S6 t- b5 l 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 Q, m* \: F( A: ~3 a' r2 g8 L
113. Strike by resignation3 u9 L7 j# l" I& ]- H% P+ v- U' S
114. Limited strike' ?- w2 e( { [' ^2 U% B: b& Q
115. Selective strike6 l3 V4 m- M5 y3 l' {: v
% R; k" U+ J( @* @5 x" ]) Z) TMulti-Industry Strikes
, e7 o% A" q# _, k+ K! V1 B# ]1 ?, g8 |" n% ]
116. Generalized strike2 W8 _0 m F2 g0 S$ ]
! t7 K! G) }. _: G: b& q7 B: i 117. General strike
2 D" R$ o2 U4 p2 ^) C0 p( x h- `& H8 P+ f% t: I; r, \+ i8 _
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 H$ f1 g' o7 a2 j6 f3 n
$ S$ K2 w2 c- u$ B9 N 118. Hartal" a! b+ R; o" I2 {7 i
; e1 ?6 i5 z* D" d 119. Economic shutdown& D* |6 n* U; M* Q
# {4 Z6 X' C2 A1 h) F / J; t$ Z g# k( C
$ b+ Y5 K) b* B
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ s# Z5 O! k5 Z0 U/ ~, }( f
" B! s. f! }! A4 ~Rejection of Authority
# [1 i; r9 r% Q+ G% s% w h: D 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 ]# M* Y: k0 _# A
121. Refusal of public support! g( M* m4 ?; |5 ~# f/ t8 W
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( c8 D g0 H5 V6 L2 I0 H# G6 r' E
6 }) e/ Y( p$ V. K* ?! QCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. ]- z+ L( ]- f' q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" V$ ^1 E8 F9 i# U# w& O! l s5 P 124. Boycott of elections
9 D# C, c) t: [+ _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ z" `6 s7 Y; M! _1 a
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' M# Q3 ]* P8 l# g2 ]% L 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 u# q" q) U# ]1 Z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ [7 ]( f5 O# y5 a9 I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 H% j+ f& t7 Q: m5 S7 Y c 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% H- J! z, m/ @
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 r+ _: M, p6 R
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ K. X5 K: i9 i) @
% s* z% ?5 D/ H4 M n, @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 [8 h$ Q" l" G/ C
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; W) f/ b# ]" D' j4 }; ^ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( L! V- n7 `/ ^+ F 135. Popular nonobedience5 t4 N* S7 i* L' y% E6 u
136. Disguised disobedience
- G4 @5 M# r5 Q) d) r 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 w1 n; [% t* j7 t2 D5 E1 @3 u0 ?
138. Sitdown
! q; x6 V' \1 o7 h, t0 ^ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" r$ _0 u5 J, k5 O
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; u! E) m2 t9 X R3 y) `) F
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 }2 e8 U+ i8 E9 f; Q' v# N& D* [, r' ]/ a0 E
Action by Government Personnel
# m$ H, C# Z8 ^) L7 @: w/ X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 B' u* f# c5 |! M6 |1 Q0 R
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) J9 S9 _/ _7 {7 @& ~2 ]4 H# b! O% ?5 e# C8 X 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 f: B ]' E+ |4 C7 A- ` 145. General administrative noncooperation( F# k' E5 k! R+ Q% z' i; G
$ ?+ r. P) W: H) L
146. Judicial noncooperation
: Z7 w! k4 g+ E 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' X, r1 _; t$ D) g
148. Mutiny
; i) ~- V; B5 O" k4 ^8 ~1 dDomestic Governmental Action
. V- m2 D O8 ^& ]* b o, ` 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 h( _! v6 ?, \. N9 d4 w
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 ]1 s8 L; ]- K% ]
8 S7 e- ~* [3 n3 K% f9 F& dInternational Governmental Action3 m f- `: R9 f- c% P& S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" v( M/ m5 p6 l+ l( e
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
) Z4 Z! |+ g& q6 j 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 w7 D* [; V" X 154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ D3 |' f8 J/ c
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* Z/ L/ e9 C- X* f- A, ^' X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
}3 ?( i( B ]- m2 b 157. Expulsion from international organizations" @* _; t1 O/ g2 z: u
5 {2 f# {1 ?- R
7 _3 y1 _: x0 e9 ~) e, `2 C
* F4 @* c! X/ B( n: \THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; }4 \- \ l9 u" A5 `1 h3 k
& b; e1 b" r8 v% ^ - I2 i3 @1 ]" C$ q! ~& U
Psychological Intervention
( L! _) E; K9 Q+ {! q* [3 z 158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 _' b* E, ?% p! L9 S 159. The fast
' E, {' G( K. X1 o7 _1 R/ L0 E a) Fast of moral pressure
; ~: R! t8 [& h3 K9 C* ` b) Hunger strike
8 q# Z0 M, s3 c, ^' x2 c- G, ^1 J- x c) Satyagrahic fast
6 G$ h7 G2 M3 x! y0 y 160. Reverse trial. a# D; |7 r8 ^
161. Nonviolent harassment. \( I0 }' D& x4 h2 F
3 W J( r( a0 K
Physical Intervention& a3 e% [ S# v+ M, d3 j! z
162. Sit-in5 f! t% q( \1 \ ^
163. Stand-in6 N3 r# m# y- D1 S
164. Ride-in5 N% Z9 V2 p6 N
165. Wade-in, X# S" J' d3 x- S: m
166. Mill-in
9 a: C6 Y+ z# T* U; F$ s; A" b 167. Pray-in
- |' x. E. Y* s% E- A& B 168. Nonviolent raids
! T; W; m0 ?2 w/ o: I, Y- @ 169. Nonviolent air raids
: k2 g# d( h2 i- Y9 v 170. Nonviolent invasion
. k' o) |" P7 V 171. Nonviolent interjection
; u% v" D9 t* v4 U7 m4 x# J/ F 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 C* C) V# @) G- |- X+ G: } 173. Nonviolent occupation+ J B$ H! e4 D- X# v/ W
' H0 X& K* ?1 \1 k) HSocial Intervention
7 w4 U: s2 [! V2 o3 D5 u 174. Establishing new social patterns4 V9 P; J" E5 A/ J" T4 g" S; X
175. Overloading of facilities
( {8 C8 A* M- W* w0 Z& O 176. Stall-in4 Q& O: |* M; L+ E) q9 p+ Q
177. Speak-in
) O2 m8 ?5 K7 M; c( f0 B% \, Z 178. Guerrilla theater8 K) i& o- R0 F$ R4 S; m
179. Alternative social institutions; N4 Y$ C U$ ]" g
180. Alternative communication system" r2 ]: R# v/ Y/ o0 t) f) N
( n4 }. t- `& q/ F; P7 m% `
Economic Intervention% F2 H8 l% q8 ]5 w
181. Reverse strike
% v L6 w1 o! c" x' |5 C1 T. X8 {8 { 182. Stay-in strike
# t2 L+ `3 Z. [$ I' x3 j' ~/ E 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. S9 W1 M7 y8 ?* M0 C, O$ Q+ h 184. Defiance of blockades
8 u6 p- {+ Y, ?& M& C: I 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) W, M; j+ M! S3 i3 E; H1 u9 O 186. Preclusive purchasing: K3 o6 i/ s- [. c
187. Seizure of assets5 ], W Z2 v" n
188. Dumping
' H; n1 Z6 u" C+ O n1 g A3 X( w 189. Selective patronage
9 [! E# b, I. W' I. o 190. Alternative markets0 U( Q4 L" {) \) m f
191. Alternative transportation systems. Q m5 k+ v5 e' @9 C3 w. A
192. Alternative economic institutions
; e0 w, G7 d1 O# C" b- ?' J, c1 H$ N5 [( p# k
Political Intervention
% m7 Z4 I! r, P. A6 O0 f 193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 q/ ?5 W* n7 h o 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 z# G9 ~& L$ ]$ Z" K' E( p 195. Seeking imprisonment
j' o7 S" z9 ]4 K2 ?8 t! M$ M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' W q v8 C- V; J. o9 i
197. Work-on without collaboration
9 `2 |. T- q- r `+ _6 I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
