 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. }: \ P% Z e, c, c- S+ i; k6 G
Formal Statements
' n6 c# z) R8 r1 N: k 1. Public Speeches7 P+ k2 ?" o1 p, K' T
2. Letters of opposition or support
0 _" v' H' [% p* A. a& K: Y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# v' X T0 M" U 4. Signed public statements c/ z8 [9 R- [+ S
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ h. A' H* A% P; J2 p6 f8 r/ [+ C
6. Group or mass petitions% h& g$ ]5 m U% l3 R) B; Y; ]4 \3 Y
; A5 J2 H2 ~" ]6 Y- M
Communications with a Wider Audience/ G9 k, P( P& N, }% G* x8 \$ ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 d+ f9 `: j, p# y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& M+ O* o) o( H: ^
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" _6 C& Y9 M3 a2 F/ }; X; z
10. Newspapers and journals9 c( q ?$ F$ w
11. Records, radio, and television
* h4 t4 ~ s) k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* A z! w: Y3 P' V4 |1 c( u6 C) }
& P9 f0 S5 u3 E. H; j; _Group Representations
! l4 _. G1 M, W 13. Deputations
" t j! @8 q/ W0 o0 V( d n( y 14. Mock awards
) Y' {8 e5 `1 B' t7 T g, \ 15. Group lobbying% G/ Z, l& {: }* q! c8 C
16. Picketing( \1 q1 s. i% d& ^ u6 L! g
17. Mock elections- G0 p, R* m1 j/ O
2 ]' }& t2 d( d' z
Symbolic Public Acts& Q. r! K9 t2 B0 U2 @
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 o8 e) e f& g: r" i
19. Wearing of symbols
% _! Q! R6 y3 { [8 p( { 20. Prayer and worship; Q+ b; [! f$ Z
21. Delivering symbolic objects2 l& v) T! E2 g
22. Protest disrobings
3 m. m7 R; h! l* c# b# A 23. Destruction of own property/ a8 ]- r6 W. p/ p+ f/ E! y
24. Symbolic lights
, ^8 u. a+ J8 \/ P* s% ] 25. Displays of portraits
9 q; h+ r( V9 O! s. u5 I: B 26. Paint as protest q6 y c, t$ y- {8 |5 a1 P' z R
27. New signs and names7 V$ p* s# ^# g$ B% k
28. Symbolic sounds5 y7 n" G) Z5 Z
29. Symbolic reclamations
7 q! `8 |. r/ L3 P: C! T 30. Rude gestures, v, U/ l" U, t2 ^# |9 }: q
& Y. x: `( x, l6 l. a# w5 `" g$ q
Pressures on Individuals5 U$ C2 e. r# T9 P
31. “Haunting” officials
r# n( m+ s+ O8 y' W H 32. Taunting officials
% @' q) C) a( `2 m! I 33. Fraternization9 V7 H& n/ K3 M( N! x, u7 M
34. Vigils0 [& w* E, }" h
5 ^1 |' j+ R2 j$ x6 [
Drama and Music
! ]& J3 U& h( L9 n# U. A 35. Humorous skits and pranks* I/ f% r f% U- d( r% R5 N
36. Performances of plays and music
1 X+ I; o' x( B3 p: {9 V( n* g5 }+ n 37. Singing* N9 [- l! r y; ]
$ n) e7 a0 f( r- QProcessions
# G& v. @% F: T5 S/ g 38. Marches. ?$ B5 z) b8 x/ _
39. Parades2 W/ z3 ^1 f( t
40. Religious processions
. r2 c' M. R. F Q' H 41. Pilgrimages, f* B( i4 v/ [4 _2 f) o
42. Motorcades F1 X' A& q: P, f% U r4 w* _' e! ]
0 ~9 p) `! g2 h; S) A% SHonoring the Dead* P/ _; ^+ y( c3 g1 v& q% l5 ^
43. Political mourning P9 C3 P. r$ L2 W9 ]
44. Mock funerals
/ k8 B2 b: |# S, @) [& ` 45. Demonstrative funerals" y( n4 x5 c9 o% o+ b0 D) ]- D
46. Homage at burial places
9 J2 U) P$ J8 v. J. I5 N7 D, Q& i9 j, U2 }% c E
Public Assemblies
6 \9 d% o$ d3 A( i( U- `+ e4 A% L* _ 47. Assemblies of protest or support7 W9 t! k6 D# ^. t; d
48. Protest meetings
0 W' m: b* C9 g2 z6 ?6 i7 H 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- f8 Q9 |' v& }; r; h6 e 50. Teach-ins
- ?: v# z' O5 |7 Q2 _, U
/ o8 s4 L+ S% ^) c& i* CWithdrawal and Renunciation
! }" |. b# B, K+ y# n 51. Walk-outs
$ B2 ~* f7 G: E! H3 l0 N0 D$ } 52. Silence/ j, Y4 H, I3 s
53. Renouncing honors- ^* o2 F& W! q4 w
54. Turning one’s back8 B' o+ J& ?+ @. }6 F
0 `; v! Z0 h l
6 l4 ~6 `, w% x6 D( [# L3 d+ b/ R$ J# d3 z
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# d% j& p1 i" N/ x
9 e" a2 h1 r: b, g5 J : S& D/ u1 V' Z0 q1 a/ D3 A) o
( o) {, [( I( L7 COstracism of Persons
f% J6 D* h E- D 55. Social boycott6 o5 }9 {/ C3 E4 b: }
56. Selective social boycott; Z5 l' B+ k* P0 m. ^7 b3 s% S
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ S6 q% _: G7 a- g
58. Excommunication
, o% X! j! E- P$ v4 O 59. Interdict
5 {8 E0 E% ?; |+ D" q+ A8 s9 ~6 Z6 d0 m# t; C, x7 @9 { C
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions' O" j1 g4 f3 P! B2 M& b* A# B! S x
60. Suspension of social and sports activities% S( p$ o: `6 [# a# ?+ ^2 \
61. Boycott of social affairs
. p. A; |4 [. \; Z0 A( g3 h9 K+ K 62. Student strike- c! }, T/ L6 A( g
63. Social disobedience9 d" f; d% A! M- U: `7 K4 O
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* k7 u' u5 Z r! j0 S" P
4 H2 Y( X( g0 xWithdrawal from the Social System
* g( \- A' d) P( L5 c/ Z- z 65. Stay-at-home) G% [2 C( v# W( }& L
66. Total personal noncooperation8 V0 Q; X' u9 M1 O+ U; `
67. “Flight” of workers; A7 m8 e$ e5 s; p4 W+ D
68. Sanctuary
. L- C+ j+ t& j- g$ b2 H 69. Collective disappearance
' v2 d9 k7 o4 W! x8 K, _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
, z" @5 }- D" ^2 j' G% n* L4 U8 [
" x; \ t2 y8 @1 {# l
* ?5 E7 f! U4 }7 x d: }5 ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. \# W0 x" g* l% C
! b9 `, A9 k! D" ?- y
/ ]2 B W& `) ]Actions by Consumers
; w( D" E9 `% I% F; |8 ^ 71. Consumers’ boycott1 s/ W0 t9 f- T
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: F- D9 c" H$ T# K, T 73. Policy of austerity
; u6 g4 e2 ]3 ?! a# U; O$ A 74. Rent withholding2 V1 o. X, I3 `8 ~
75. Refusal to rent* [( D3 F% A% q
76. National consumers’ boycott# V1 X/ z& ~! o( L2 x
77. International consumers’ boycott
" L# X( a4 `! ?: I( [. z2 T. _" z% w0 ~$ f# R9 k- N u% d4 B0 j
Action by Workers and Producers: U5 R" M+ s( P) c$ c/ f# W( {. h
78. Workmen’s boycott
6 X% t6 x, t! g' Q# A; H 79. Producers’ boycott
5 |1 R: O d1 a( t4 y& m& C) r* `# R" @ X+ S: _
Action by Middlemen( X7 p: G3 T* s3 N% n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& A% C) B2 }) l7 V- U
7 O+ g+ v- A( Z7 Y } I
Action by Owners and Management
$ c4 [9 d ^, S/ l, q! f( T9 V2 i 81. Traders’ boycott \4 Z, Y# i1 G0 F
82. Refusal to let or sell property4 _: c% K/ n1 j' w, l. G
83. Lockout
7 Q6 T. G% s8 |# ~! ]( | 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 U) m, R( r$ ] S# i/ u! B4 K0 o 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! U8 M c' u2 G$ M/ q9 R( h5 N0 @- b' z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources4 U0 d/ D% p: I; o; ?
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 F k" ^# Q- P8 d 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 H& A6 k- C+ O3 `1 B- e2 h 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ ^3 G* Y: z/ T% m5 [: K1 A% e 89. Severance of funds and credit
1 e, Q9 }9 L# V e- T2 H1 d$ Q0 T 90. Revenue refusal6 J8 I' E; z/ A y" Q: g K1 w
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 e9 X0 C0 o0 d' X O, T. U u. C2 ?5 d
Action by Governments+ S+ p: n3 N: z8 D) c. Q) r
92. Domestic embargo
, Y& [# K0 H# V5 s# h1 e 93. Blacklisting of traders
4 S6 u' n* H: @- w) m6 C, M# W 94. International sellers’ embargo0 C& E* q/ ^! i1 J; b7 S+ D
95. International buyers’ embargo* h Q' ?/ R1 a% Y' ?' M r4 y
96. International trade embargo
8 t/ X6 I3 s. X: ?% S$ W" K
7 t2 J4 ^* Y O 9 p4 H, I' W3 G2 ^! D) u
) b7 l% C& K; q8 e3 X2 j
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( h8 [9 p( \' }
/ N$ s9 q, P1 P, @0 s0 e
% J, ^$ J3 ^/ K- v$ K
Symbolic Strikes
( ]' s5 u0 X. i2 g6 o+ z$ x9 m: n6 d 97. Protest strike7 F7 y4 T$ x" ?1 _; v' n# |7 h6 D( }
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ ?( p7 P" G% d2 x9 J# q9 |
* M# G6 r5 q& V. a5 c: T1 {5 C8 OAgricultural Strikes
3 Q3 J, X& Z2 {0 G: ?. l 99. Peasant strike
! P9 e/ J" N2 A7 W8 e9 N/ h6 n/ ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike) K7 x8 m8 O& o( A- ~5 r; T3 _
; x3 V* ?. O& _# `# b5 i3 y
Strikes by Special Groups
+ S8 I2 a: E2 F( f% ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
% z0 h& z! P1 v! D! V* i; K" a. i 102. Prisoners’ strike, `% ]% y* R* m- q! ~1 f
103. Craft strike# R0 P5 {" e5 s2 Y
104. Professional strike9 i' p( w: L1 h% N! D' g9 b
2 V) v, T4 K* t6 f# ~
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
- E3 Z1 f5 [3 D' ~# z$ q 105. Establishment strike* w [9 n! \+ P, g! g
106. Industry strike$ g6 ^* C& u" W1 ~ r% T; ~. p+ ?
107. Sympathetic strike, [* Y( _# d. [9 U5 X$ T
% V8 w1 C0 B# q" @+ \8 sRestricted Strikes
; F) I5 I! s5 P 108. Detailed strike
( T5 p E/ x# R/ j1 r. @ 109. Bumper strike
, ?% D0 ~% }+ P- S; b 110. Slowdown strike
" V: g2 a$ u% N, b- i* V 111. Working-to-rule strike; a' l1 |$ `, ~' ^9 w
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
! I- }' ?+ y3 K V 113. Strike by resignation* p5 o% Z4 S" e. A
114. Limited strike
6 W' \! W/ x; N) f/ c 115. Selective strike' [6 z7 B' o8 O" a
3 G! T1 S9 P6 [* s' n) _* `Multi-Industry Strikes
" Q$ @- y( C, e+ |$ W
% ^7 w) _9 M4 G! ?' { 116. Generalized strike
, Z: T9 [4 ~" x" ~3 D5 C
7 I c5 V) j0 [' j+ t" T( _: k 117. General strike, A% P) s5 y2 s+ h
# C7 z/ R/ L- s% g9 |% z: j% Q5 gCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures% p, L* s; B) i& a$ ^
- s: v" p! _) a3 J 118. Hartal) L7 y1 q& |' E5 j
) {# m7 G& X. U5 N
119. Economic shutdown
3 G5 @( P' K5 n; b1 h8 I8 v$ v. P% Q9 T$ |$ y
, ^" ~# x; `6 Y) _1 ~( _
T4 ^3 H. T0 P$ W! x% T
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 t, m* N7 @/ A- l- [& z2 E, C, {: Y- G
6 r/ ~1 H4 `; Y
! e0 A. d/ f2 H3 R. h5 rRejection of Authority1 U/ N/ I- o F- |! D, W
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% [- v v* |# B( ~ 121. Refusal of public support
; F& z2 @0 M1 }" w2 C2 M# Z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 s6 U, e7 y8 q8 d% v, w% i7 O6 \. o; {! w) U* y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government L6 a+ ]. P5 d$ y& V
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 ~, e* \& ^# @; y) E 124. Boycott of elections
! b' U* q9 l+ R- I8 _- B' B& L 125. Boycott of government employment and positions. V* @' [/ g) o& ]
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" i/ x8 f0 X# M 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 `5 Y1 P' \* c; L d" Q4 u, l 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% w8 O/ l; V: z4 K" N% ]
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* l8 a! Q! J+ U) q( h; [% X) H 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 |- C* ], y5 Z8 `$ K7 x& q, i. w" i
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 K& N3 r+ }: `2 X; v# Y' x! ~- U 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' j+ }* x% l% L2 i
_* w0 `/ m3 @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 Z5 I6 M+ D5 z) ^& \+ n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 |4 ^5 E7 u1 b* T5 u0 U 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( |! `0 _) w4 c' i: a
135. Popular nonobedience
6 p# G4 E$ x* R" M: V 136. Disguised disobedience: ^; B: i( i' V
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) c' p5 S; L2 `0 Y$ d
138. Sitdown! w7 D9 j8 P5 ^& A. R
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& O2 V1 q! X, l: W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
8 `( s( D* T! I1 i3 r. T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) _# G: x5 _+ g. J
" n. Y0 M% a1 `% o0 `5 n+ tAction by Government Personnel
! q. `- F4 ~6 a3 Q s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; N" u8 c* w8 K: r7 }4 o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information* {: ~2 k/ E: f1 g8 ~! U" F7 o
144. Stalling and obstruction
$ f7 i8 \& c" l 145. General administrative noncooperation3 p, h) r9 D) u; E
- L) X2 y# u4 N0 O
146. Judicial noncooperation
% Q$ m2 Q, M; h2 c 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# ~- z: @% E! c( [
148. Mutiny
3 A+ R# ^+ Y# x- fDomestic Governmental Action5 A! Y8 A! F' L9 G/ q' E1 T% S D
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 T9 X0 b6 r0 b' a8 p& y$ B4 B
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: a* n$ x9 i' \
8 u Q& J! F$ [
International Governmental Action
! s, T; [% B% T2 q8 F0 ^% Q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 b" F! p/ D3 f _2 a2 d 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% g5 `5 e7 d5 X8 w- f1 J( k& j 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 o; Y; @- O; e# A0 h3 E
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ ]1 }4 k& r! w5 P8 m4 L0 o 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
0 L! {: m. x! U4 e2 T. d 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( h7 a* @6 Z" `; h- h 157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ R- J9 T+ I" g' k
6 @* K- q" {, B" ]& L
8 x3 F9 j' \+ S( M1 q
8 Y! P2 }( D1 \$ t" GTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
, ?7 I7 h! G/ v: ^1 Z
+ q2 K o; \8 K8 Q0 y2 M* \
/ E3 _2 O+ }9 E3 cPsychological Intervention o5 N* _7 }) e% x% W S& X0 K
158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 u! r3 H8 G0 U! T: c 159. The fast
x' p9 w% g6 }* ^ a) Fast of moral pressure
+ s9 z1 F3 u* X; j b) Hunger strike
9 Y) l1 l; r2 ^ c) Satyagrahic fast
7 Y' X) M, O8 G. p: H 160. Reverse trial+ m( u$ {/ y; `& z1 `* X. @
161. Nonviolent harassment. @3 V0 M O" f
4 g Y4 ?0 q7 v3 W/ w# p
Physical Intervention6 {: f7 _1 z) a; i+ B- b6 @1 _
162. Sit-in
0 _ K0 X+ R' r9 ?7 C9 Y 163. Stand-in! x& [( V- X& c: ~, m* O! x
164. Ride-in
& G- B+ m+ U& t# X- J# h1 ? 165. Wade-in
3 q+ B1 q/ ^8 F3 @0 R O- l 166. Mill-in
* |% o- i+ N( X. } 167. Pray-in2 N: c d# p( W3 o# ^& B M
168. Nonviolent raids
; X4 e/ y" ^" n7 ]- o 169. Nonviolent air raids
) f& i% q' C$ W+ ~* i 170. Nonviolent invasion9 r) k# ^8 v9 n5 i, X- ]7 L9 K
171. Nonviolent interjection; A. M1 U9 v3 B+ p% C5 z5 s0 {
172. Nonviolent obstruction
k6 }0 C! r5 j- N( j 173. Nonviolent occupation
- W) u4 ?% d. A* h7 Z" E' S# h1 j; l! E) S* d
Social Intervention
- ~7 K5 O' o4 B' K 174. Establishing new social patterns" x. y7 q& i' ^
175. Overloading of facilities. V) [( s) u2 m. y5 P h
176. Stall-in
" S/ }2 d0 p( Q& `9 q6 o# c 177. Speak-in8 I% j* Z- F7 r
178. Guerrilla theater
, F- i6 N& r& t* x+ w, ~* M* p 179. Alternative social institutions$ L7 J" j, E% _- j$ [/ q
180. Alternative communication system* P& B, z. e! A @( D4 X% G! N5 j1 X" i+ ?
' e, N- I8 g; y; @0 c' NEconomic Intervention
/ _1 w( V8 _, Y" O! f3 o8 H 181. Reverse strike0 P& {3 K0 i' g7 Y
182. Stay-in strike" Q& x! t# u+ N, k
183. Nonviolent land seizure+ f2 \! o) F5 c, i1 V+ T
184. Defiance of blockades
; }% \2 U9 k6 T" S0 d. i/ E+ z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# z( Z" Q6 A' H L s e( D# X 186. Preclusive purchasing- Y/ L+ E3 W0 o( d+ i; q
187. Seizure of assets
6 J2 S3 m. h' Y! q9 E# h5 O Z! M 188. Dumping
2 q1 v9 @- |& T 189. Selective patronage
% F- I( K# G m+ p( G 190. Alternative markets# c8 p; K9 Z9 m# v$ A3 P
191. Alternative transportation systems% M7 }6 y p( `, e' m1 c2 _
192. Alternative economic institutions6 j8 F) z/ G3 B0 C. p+ E7 B
& D& H& C4 i0 k; K0 S8 N' K; ^Political Intervention
8 d9 V1 A4 {3 o8 D1 m" m) l 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 h7 z* _$ z* _+ B f- s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, \- U6 r! G& Z r 195. Seeking imprisonment
) t" X4 [2 P A7 n1 Q* i" C8 V; Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" _' \2 {' o- m/ H* y2 u8 Q0 d9 g 197. Work-on without collaboration
9 _) f8 B( I. V& ]; R 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
' ^3 d: \" f9 y; T( \" W
2 s3 D7 h1 l# ?; R3 d' k |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
