 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION R3 X7 [4 A+ }1 V: Q0 A
Formal Statements
. r$ Q d, |# ?- A" t* p3 v 1. Public Speeches
6 B) ]& n+ D5 T. l } 2. Letters of opposition or support
3 [7 u: U3 c$ Z% ?+ | 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 z; G4 B7 O, D6 v, i Q! J# U X
4. Signed public statements
6 L7 Y. t. @ i: s 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
D( `; v4 J5 T 6. Group or mass petitions
' n% H& S* Y: ~! g! u4 M6 u
- }2 B9 W9 O w- b7 i, |- {Communications with a Wider Audience/ q% ^8 d+ D( B3 g
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 v R% A! ]7 Z9 B
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 S1 u ]- T& v3 H/ a$ } t! ` 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 w& l& B" u% v$ l
10. Newspapers and journals# |3 x" Y1 J6 H# }8 q$ ?: y& }
11. Records, radio, and television9 l; Z- f6 H! U) c& `0 d
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( \! o) @! u5 S" o/ Z4 j! `% D8 `5 {$ P' i3 B/ r" i
Group Representations0 P4 l, L- O9 V: a( I+ c; i
13. Deputations2 ?6 z7 R2 G. R' Z7 g8 [% c
14. Mock awards1 P: M$ j9 P+ ?& e" y
15. Group lobbying' Y2 D3 L/ M% O9 o& _& X% ]/ X% r
16. Picketing! S$ |) y# R/ z* l. M9 k
17. Mock elections4 c$ `& T$ w" C+ d7 }$ I" M
9 X7 j" M7 B$ o; F4 X& b5 _: tSymbolic Public Acts
) D; r! E K1 ?& n* k 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( i' @7 B; B2 ] 19. Wearing of symbols. U) i7 ?% \# F1 \
20. Prayer and worship
6 P- Z; Z# N9 B. t 21. Delivering symbolic objects, E; H7 c* ~5 ?: K) N) [
22. Protest disrobings( l2 A1 {/ c2 E1 d% R
23. Destruction of own property
. K2 g# Z" g1 Z0 l/ t 24. Symbolic lights, Z# M' e" V& ?( T8 O- D* B
25. Displays of portraits2 s- x4 C' V9 O+ u* `
26. Paint as protest
& f" a! Q( N8 h) n( W4 V- P 27. New signs and names
+ h( a! Z7 Q( ]6 v4 Z 28. Symbolic sounds. q* Q* |; c2 t* m+ T
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 X1 h1 D8 x5 {6 X! a 30. Rude gestures2 F3 I+ ]% x+ R. ~, ^
7 V7 {/ n! _& Z. TPressures on Individuals- Q/ w# [ s& p$ s6 O
31. “Haunting” officials! \7 r* `3 n2 ^# ?/ ]
32. Taunting officials
$ H3 R4 j( i1 I" r* y& ^" H* { 33. Fraternization7 P( T7 Z5 Z. o
34. Vigils
% c* D" ~1 o4 @3 n0 {% I; O1 A5 L. ^+ E* |' s7 m
Drama and Music. ?8 |: b# u& i/ B8 a
35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ C7 [7 c z* e+ h 36. Performances of plays and music) M; v/ d( [% F7 S
37. Singing
) z- A- ?$ R- [/ O
; v; i, D* J) f- [% Q hProcessions$ P/ }$ \. k, i9 K k. @4 i; D. I, D3 f
38. Marches8 o+ I6 @1 |; a) z# [' a
39. Parades
; X7 ^ _6 n. W5 b0 ]- x 40. Religious processions
0 r. u& }0 q8 _6 X2 W 41. Pilgrimages
9 S$ W" b$ u: w# p% {5 i$ i 42. Motorcades
% g% q; }, P J' p; k0 p* O, x$ k1 S# l) a* A, [# l( ]
Honoring the Dead
3 ~$ `& Z% B, x( V; }9 L 43. Political mourning
' z9 P) M! w! z 44. Mock funerals5 C" I! [: P+ l9 {+ h
45. Demonstrative funerals# [8 q: Q5 X5 w5 `3 v
46. Homage at burial places* Y% ^/ p+ y' \' ~6 o
( U% Q/ Y( A/ u7 |+ V, W
Public Assemblies
4 U8 j& C: [+ ?$ [ 47. Assemblies of protest or support( B# {* b2 I" ~7 b: h- r" ^, }
48. Protest meetings
) m. f( S0 Q" [- `/ O- a, H 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest Z( @- D& ]& Q: E' q- L
50. Teach-ins4 k0 i3 w* M7 Y+ A
$ ~) |" Q' {' E1 v7 P" JWithdrawal and Renunciation
6 r+ N' c+ Q# b: b' H' F 51. Walk-outs6 p/ O4 w3 e4 i( R
52. Silence- U6 N# d7 Q- c: s5 t! h
53. Renouncing honors; L+ D3 R; b2 ~! s) x
54. Turning one’s back
" `; Q8 t% C$ n) e- k- m# x6 R: @; k- k
5 U7 G- Y6 w' H* f0 u" R F0 l; W* a+ M( w3 C7 y
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
# R$ W7 p6 s' O' u y f* F( b0 U8 m' ~3 _) M$ i, j1 H) m
3 q% y: q9 ?! N. T4 U5 Y
2 {) E7 O1 Z6 ?* b. UOstracism of Persons( e) J% d& V. a, [! J! ~
55. Social boycott @9 G& n" u* |
56. Selective social boycott
u8 F, x' p! ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction% Y. F/ R8 {2 Y) ?: A; c/ j
58. Excommunication/ o: q9 M7 m) p4 Z
59. Interdict
+ n6 @$ R4 [; f! S
5 Z8 Y" P! s+ h4 J" d6 m4 v3 zNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 ]: d- D$ ]+ N' k3 ^( m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 N/ l | R+ B* H- m- t4 Y. N# F5 X 61. Boycott of social affairs
! l1 O1 L3 h: t l. ` 62. Student strike. a! n0 P4 x5 v" g5 m2 X0 q# \8 ?
63. Social disobedience" p% r% T# K' {& }* B! p& F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* A. w/ j8 F# ?$ y* W" [' Z
2 p2 t2 Z( H) N$ vWithdrawal from the Social System) g5 Y4 A( y6 \5 p
65. Stay-at-home
( J$ I+ D# `+ w9 m$ t" w# E } 66. Total personal noncooperation
& {& {2 q z p# H |$ } 67. “Flight” of workers, y0 W0 k0 P* N- F4 f! D9 T4 ~- t- t
68. Sanctuary
1 z! ^# `1 P$ i) i; n' i) F7 l; u 69. Collective disappearance
* V& C$ C/ Q% a8 P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 a* `5 i* J( s0 I
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 s4 p3 F2 \2 F: z* c7 }: S
0 |2 {: s5 W6 D$ _
8 M2 b& e/ x& L% s3 o& W2 L& ~
Actions by Consumers9 u) o$ y9 ?5 y6 P$ f
71. Consumers’ boycott3 [! U' @0 H' V9 b9 \ B+ R4 k6 ?# V$ O
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 I5 r6 V2 _/ B8 W1 D' v$ q
73. Policy of austerity+ M4 ^( l' t+ K7 a
74. Rent withholding) ]4 q. Q& Z& }" h. d
75. Refusal to rent
6 \% Z5 B7 v. s& h* E$ e- ~5 r( M0 q 76. National consumers’ boycott
0 V" z2 R0 {1 `5 f 77. International consumers’ boycott6 q4 z% z. _2 P2 H4 p) J
7 e, U' G$ ^! b, n5 W6 O! O
Action by Workers and Producers [! j% l3 t2 @* o# Y
78. Workmen’s boycott8 ~: W" w9 N& }
79. Producers’ boycott
7 i! F2 E9 }" n$ q9 ?! p* n$ W* m: S% c
Action by Middlemen
, _$ V( u$ S7 @# k 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; J p+ H8 U# ]7 f- F6 w5 O* I1 i( G4 O7 ?/ |" Z2 t: @
Action by Owners and Management3 Y: b. I+ }+ m7 p# |( `
81. Traders’ boycott
; X# w& q; `9 k( v; v; o# Q7 c 82. Refusal to let or sell property" p( H' @- {3 @0 K
83. Lockout1 S( X- |3 F. Z) Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! X8 y- B/ J* [& I4 [3 |5 }' w" G
85. Merchants’ “general strike”% _* r, {2 g2 r
, ]$ t$ e+ Y6 n3 w! o& ]8 b( K! b9 l: ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources' y7 E9 V! i0 s' n f
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 c' X, g! [2 Z" _ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
# D. @ z' d+ R+ j7 Y+ {$ `5 @ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. R @" o `5 X7 r( ?4 C' G! ~
89. Severance of funds and credit3 ?! c$ P; E( U( u! A+ c$ `
90. Revenue refusal4 |# t) ?4 F5 s
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 B: y" H% F/ l" N7 B4 p; s1 }% i
Action by Governments. E R8 _9 k) N/ m6 J1 U
92. Domestic embargo3 [0 T$ e2 n% v, e8 u: {% ?# K
93. Blacklisting of traders# T$ ^, x( x! v; l5 V/ D
94. International sellers’ embargo. Q% g- \" {' E7 ]
95. International buyers’ embargo. E, c- D' ~* L2 l E0 j
96. International trade embargo
% E5 S9 n1 b8 z2 x5 a8 O
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5 q) |* n: v1 Z9 R1 |0 }1 b' p$ G4 \7 u, T
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
# B9 w0 R. X+ x$ m' u) f6 K/ r ?6 u5 p
7 M' h# ~4 Y/ G# WSymbolic Strikes
. t6 R4 A6 j, ^& o, X5 o 97. Protest strike. W+ y. w% ~. O) o- l% l. v5 q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); c- d1 D% B+ U1 p
% B i1 z. M* Q r
Agricultural Strikes
7 |! W2 ~0 ]. k. ?$ S) S 99. Peasant strike
: Y4 l) N! p3 T' [, G _ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 t- Y2 q0 q7 Q9 j$ f
) B( J) @+ I+ `Strikes by Special Groups. L+ f/ B( Y2 j. R
101. Refusal of impressed labor
) u8 n/ B& V" n+ {1 b6 f. f 102. Prisoners’ strike, f/ q/ v6 V; t0 \
103. Craft strike
/ z( W/ |/ ^, A( P1 ~# V 104. Professional strike. C3 D) O: d+ v' b- y: Z" b9 t
$ B: [) n# a8 Z# k3 n* L
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) h' o" M3 e/ y5 Y/ z+ x 105. Establishment strike
: Z2 J0 h- W6 e3 j 106. Industry strike
?2 _5 [! R {4 x3 o 107. Sympathetic strike. b5 q" W- K+ v8 b( |4 c
# p* I- W% I* S- C/ a0 y9 l
Restricted Strikes Q& ]+ }% L b/ B0 l
108. Detailed strike
3 l8 ]5 ]: r! ], E% t' \! Z9 R" ]1 g3 f 109. Bumper strike
# r5 K- h- h/ b2 g" ] 110. Slowdown strike$ e$ k) e c2 p: D/ o; U5 ^6 t
111. Working-to-rule strike* M+ h/ {# n7 ~
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" V, U8 x$ _7 W$ I& B% `5 P3 R
113. Strike by resignation
9 G# \' N8 O, ^5 C' f 114. Limited strike
9 J3 f3 }: y" o ]* {( [: b 115. Selective strike2 m8 _$ }- W" ~- C3 p' e
/ h( @9 G, _1 g2 M1 l
Multi-Industry Strikes
( y& Y0 ]6 K2 s& E3 g( |" n' k' F# i2 o
116. Generalized strike" |# e# f4 q$ s K: D
6 a! @( _7 C8 g% B
117. General strike2 q; d. B* C' `
( ^/ S+ ^: m5 a/ D9 {1 JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 U% x% a- T1 z! i( w
- m5 W7 I0 m1 q5 b 118. Hartal; ^2 l6 \7 |" _7 ?% ]( A: {
& Z$ Q0 C( p) m( P9 }: r 119. Economic shutdown. `; i+ t- r5 q" O+ d
+ G! S8 o$ j+ c) |6 M+ B
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5 H: {' B8 g! NTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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( S X/ D+ c) w1 oRejection of Authority [4 ^# _2 C( @% s4 C7 D9 z J3 J
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ m& |3 O( e2 G% H
121. Refusal of public support
9 y$ @: r$ A% M7 x* G 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# W+ Z8 d0 F; c* Q
& J p: D( N0 T$ p* y4 dCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; r7 {7 _! b4 |6 l3 d 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: @$ V% ~) A E" ^' A3 k% }) f
124. Boycott of elections; D" x6 a, o& [2 ]* g! e: N# C; ~
125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 o; P9 k! E" j( \* U3 _
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: Z) A2 ~6 E' J! F3 [ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ R p0 p1 C1 Q7 E" j3 j4 l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& e, v3 b( N& \( U3 ` 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
; \! X6 h$ @' y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 Q4 i, A2 C9 y& I/ L. |
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 x6 D$ y, j. ~/ _% } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
/ { i3 z; e! [ M' S7 M# p0 ? Y" Y
7 U( c& q6 `2 g6 _3 qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ u$ Q) K; G! B' [8 O t2 n& U 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 a5 R8 V! O5 z1 i/ L4 z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' c7 v9 f( b; F* @& [
135. Popular nonobedience
: ]2 T/ f7 D& F: I; ^ 136. Disguised disobedience0 ]6 ~" [' t" F) s/ K; V9 J, Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& t. J5 {8 e7 [% ~- A 138. Sitdown
' e" u$ q1 L8 N* V0 J4 l 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: Y- w! \/ Z. N( |. F2 W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' v( a& ^8 G" X3 Z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 `0 C+ x, w6 E& Z, A5 M
4 \+ W6 \- z# u! [6 XAction by Government Personnel6 _, Y4 ?, a# A! s" W9 }- j2 R5 m
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 d( i; \% E, ~: G) S, \+ I U 143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ W0 h* h( y4 P, T
144. Stalling and obstruction+ B- C+ m: k% @. _4 v& j( }
145. General administrative noncooperation
8 l: E" @) l$ E! a. P
5 }& ~1 d' D# n; t8 R 146. Judicial noncooperation
& {4 r# N0 i% ]" m 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- @( I0 o7 s# ]& Q0 g
148. Mutiny9 ^& J" j; z! Q; x
Domestic Governmental Action' l1 z& U5 }% n( @* ?
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% R6 `3 ?( B5 Q/ ?+ b$ K6 T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- B; M8 ^2 @3 Y, {7 i, F
: s. \1 ~$ |" q+ ~$ \* D. ]
International Governmental Action6 \6 D# s2 n; v! Y9 ^8 U, k/ k1 A& v* p
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
! u; U& U+ z; z* C3 u/ `) C- o1 T 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* H, S! p- f3 K( L- ?* I 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 S9 F* q0 B0 q! E$ U( F0 G; O
154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 X: @2 U4 S( G$ ~, s% X: `7 O6 E9 T
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- \6 _% g x7 J: _$ l 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, l( ?' l$ ]0 }9 @
157. Expulsion from international organizations
' k, g0 N6 J1 Z; F/ B% i! E0 S$ F" \9 p+ x5 P- P$ r3 _, v) k
- m8 x! l! m- m7 J' o! B& M
?. \& r0 W' q- [4 K; iTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
! u" _, {* m7 }' h. t i2 |2 H& d ?; A. {7 ], q; |2 ?
; \% j0 ~6 k! |6 I9 X/ G( [2 EPsychological Intervention" w& z' u' S% g9 S G7 m
158. Self-exposure to the elements& T) c8 @4 `9 j( K* k
159. The fast4 z$ e/ B7 U% n; B/ q. |8 r9 [. `
a) Fast of moral pressure0 G* f9 G2 y. ]4 o1 h2 W6 K. ?
b) Hunger strike8 ?1 I( X; _$ V8 C1 V% s
c) Satyagrahic fast) Y: f. ^0 }; u$ H3 F- ~* `6 T
160. Reverse trial; O/ I+ m0 N* \
161. Nonviolent harassment
. r* d* b0 `% x9 O( l( S- b$ E" |% y# a
Physical Intervention" |4 [7 n( |# \0 Y Z' X4 y- c5 |
162. Sit-in
/ Q7 D+ `) E! C' }- ^ 163. Stand-in
, ^4 u# V, X4 a7 L! t 164. Ride-in
5 x8 s; z! O3 G% I% V" J8 n* v 165. Wade-in6 Z8 M) A' A! v7 e7 j
166. Mill-in
+ v. [& a+ R& r, f1 o* ]1 D, g 167. Pray-in" p& _5 ~: m' e7 a$ l9 W6 r# S
168. Nonviolent raids
$ B* h! @- j3 v 169. Nonviolent air raids
* f& ?% l& l2 E. \, i* ?' D8 X' W 170. Nonviolent invasion4 X8 \1 W9 e. L. b; W+ v8 J
171. Nonviolent interjection
! ?1 i" ~. N5 t; O# G1 \ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
" u- ]5 o1 [" ^2 @ 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention: a& F# D/ L; i4 k
174. Establishing new social patterns0 n$ x8 X3 X2 Z U$ N( S3 _
175. Overloading of facilities3 q( I3 ^6 c+ k+ Z* B( y
176. Stall-in
# D/ f1 o; @0 P! ? 177. Speak-in
7 y% K, }' u7 J( W: f* B& v/ T 178. Guerrilla theater3 Q( D. }# [ [, q& Y
179. Alternative social institutions
. ]; E& J7 b! k- L( E$ L% q; e 180. Alternative communication system
2 p& Z7 C: }6 j* Q. ^& |( Y3 n# I: A/ P; [ L v
Economic Intervention: F! h/ k, A' C0 J" m2 {& y; S8 M, H
181. Reverse strike
4 Y# C& d j/ a 182. Stay-in strike
& _1 ]7 d; O/ f: q+ G! n% i; Y 183. Nonviolent land seizure' g" [) P% E0 |3 P! h5 T
184. Defiance of blockades# q2 t9 l! x) g6 p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting {& o/ V0 ?4 { a( p
186. Preclusive purchasing/ d7 G! H/ b8 ]* v1 y
187. Seizure of assets$ r$ O1 o/ @: a4 O6 T) X' N
188. Dumping
- `4 }' k* X8 B/ \ 189. Selective patronage" q5 I9 w6 Q& M4 h# w2 b; s
190. Alternative markets
q0 j( E2 g( p- C9 R 191. Alternative transportation systems0 \6 f1 c. ?; Y
192. Alternative economic institutions! [$ W G" {0 b+ u4 z
. f4 K2 U2 t+ [! e# CPolitical Intervention1 @+ z4 r* ]; A
193. Overloading of administrative systems
& M5 p0 h3 @7 \4 v5 h+ r 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
N+ u4 ^2 e' X7 ? g: x8 X 195. Seeking imprisonment
z1 i1 k# ?4 t) v; [% }2 Z5 l" b 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 e* ^; ^; ]$ ]! n) p2 o 197. Work-on without collaboration
! J* z8 P/ V" B. S7 `5 I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 i: K" r" |) l3 X
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
