 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 I B5 ~- Q0 AFormal Statements$ M9 ~5 U2 |+ H+ |4 b
1. Public Speeches
& x& r5 `) `5 P 2. Letters of opposition or support% q( @0 j, K. @: J1 o8 u# v
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ y, D" z6 d1 {8 F; ]! g
4. Signed public statements
M) h9 J4 ~; g8 _& c. q1 `- U; w 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 M! t- [% C& x 6. Group or mass petitions* N7 |( I- [( Y2 ]
1 Y1 G& M, u1 I
Communications with a Wider Audience; R7 F) `) c; J; {
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 B$ \1 i- U0 I& ] X( s! z2 x; H* Q. v I
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" l# R* {$ p7 D
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. q! C5 n5 H' D
10. Newspapers and journals
) c$ V: u& \. j2 H1 L4 R 11. Records, radio, and television
9 J( x( O% ?% a% ^! j; L8 E 12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 w$ h, K( o$ ?6 B
" g+ ]- K: K, vGroup Representations
/ g, ]" J# K5 C' U9 ? w 13. Deputations+ p2 d- D% m/ i$ W" p/ t5 w
14. Mock awards$ R+ X7 ~! @- g
15. Group lobbying
8 L8 J7 K3 ]# D3 q1 E 16. Picketing9 B1 u1 `2 K3 y* b' B) k7 l( z
17. Mock elections1 A/ Y) K* Z' x6 T
! L, k6 L& \# l7 h8 c& xSymbolic Public Acts
4 n u$ N" O8 G8 m h1 @+ } 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% Y6 e+ m6 d! d* N# x1 R$ _. O
19. Wearing of symbols
6 w" b( `% E; ]' M O' Y; f$ W* F 20. Prayer and worship/ Y9 e9 F% ]4 Y7 S
21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 ?0 x* Z& j# W" P3 O 22. Protest disrobings. ]0 z0 m, O' \6 ~
23. Destruction of own property! j6 |, R; {) p' P9 K
24. Symbolic lights
R- f% g ~- [: i 25. Displays of portraits$ l+ R8 h! c0 P. m
26. Paint as protest4 ^" h( d% O, L$ T7 Z% m" S/ S
27. New signs and names* }% w4 e5 y' Q' c7 W
28. Symbolic sounds+ S$ U% S3 U. z, Y0 J
29. Symbolic reclamations+ M* P5 I2 H) S
30. Rude gestures
8 Y; x% f6 |# z0 v {* ~' Y6 Y+ ]. y' t- W6 Q1 E
Pressures on Individuals. R- \" ?. K3 X+ Y: R, Q
31. “Haunting” officials
3 u/ D/ I9 Y0 v" Q3 Q 32. Taunting officials
' q( D7 J% l) ?7 D' ]7 K6 i/ v 33. Fraternization
. ?+ c# p5 G" o: `( h) ]2 L2 \. ~ 34. Vigils% z" W q, [% Y# a+ K
/ ]' C( |0 r( ?) |! }Drama and Music# b0 K2 y0 R! a- }* T: S
35. Humorous skits and pranks
X' k# Y- W; Q' `5 [4 V, i% x( l 36. Performances of plays and music
& A' p! Q# L; Y; G5 O 37. Singing
# Z0 m# ?, O: j& J4 O
( G/ M) u' Y% Q; O! EProcessions
7 M& H" R% s. u5 m 38. Marches# m2 K; ^6 Z) A, B5 Z8 _
39. Parades
3 j& [3 n3 j" S& F 40. Religious processions
! A7 W5 R! u6 @# X1 C( f 41. Pilgrimages
" G3 K% H5 ]: g) G& e6 R' a" e& I 42. Motorcades! |9 d$ ^$ ?5 s) f% ]& v
" c& _, C' W9 a6 j, ~
Honoring the Dead
: H k1 n7 v* E5 F% f, @ 43. Political mourning
7 F% W, w7 @% ]% t# v) K 44. Mock funerals
- w- Y: a" n* M5 p5 Q0 D9 ]1 f 45. Demonstrative funerals2 x, }7 S% G+ Q" Q& V6 z9 V7 O
46. Homage at burial places1 ?+ T& k8 J. Z/ X: `3 @
5 S3 V/ _' B" F+ G9 X+ X
Public Assemblies5 t2 C# t% X1 ?6 v: Q9 C( H# I3 {8 ^
47. Assemblies of protest or support" a2 H8 |- ]4 p7 L8 L, j$ @$ N
48. Protest meetings
/ e1 v* t( W# [- k8 {" @0 u 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 ] A3 }. M1 {& L; R$ d 50. Teach-ins* m1 y0 y) Y- {! l1 g i7 ?
1 @0 F$ P7 l. W$ m5 oWithdrawal and Renunciation8 ]9 c) Q: ]% c% m
51. Walk-outs. A+ n" f2 X" `/ i9 L0 r: ? u
52. Silence
0 `& Z5 k) k, o! w6 w 53. Renouncing honors7 W8 s) \- V( F( R- h
54. Turning one’s back
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@ ^4 v: b" O9 X, j! R \6 R! u0 N# S
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 w% ^8 q8 F; M( O3 x" }1 d
5 |1 _) S. K5 y: j 6 v+ E+ w2 b+ f" U
+ T$ p) L$ H9 F# U I" zOstracism of Persons
/ X5 w: T0 v1 U1 v# W8 H, b 55. Social boycott
N2 {: ~9 n' ?: ?; Z* P 56. Selective social boycott+ s3 ]( r0 R5 X) t- L
57. Lysistratic nonaction! u5 U7 N7 Q8 N0 \
58. Excommunication
: m/ l/ r: W4 f7 s 59. Interdict; k8 `5 A2 }9 W( d
/ }9 j! W& X+ I, S
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ H: B$ R$ i" n( i. f, F
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ K, d. R2 F5 T) j5 ?2 \. K
61. Boycott of social affairs" |/ T/ L3 X1 f* b- _+ C
62. Student strike: U8 z/ C* M% s) z" k
63. Social disobedience
8 N0 H) R; |" u' Z( s 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! y6 Z8 K8 ^. }8 V& L( S: W7 H5 @' o7 D/ z4 ]$ L
Withdrawal from the Social System
" X( f4 r9 j+ s 65. Stay-at-home/ a( @/ K2 I1 w
66. Total personal noncooperation! u# l* P2 {2 _9 v2 C" h1 [4 h+ y
67. “Flight” of workers7 ]/ j* C6 r. [. v: x, ]7 w5 E/ F
68. Sanctuary
) H' e+ u9 ~8 ?1 b. T l 69. Collective disappearance
; R, k, s$ |9 \+ x; Z4 X3 P: Z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! z5 r3 N# ?& z9 S
+ k1 K% G4 N9 F2 z ?
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers6 J7 d. _0 m2 }/ o6 [
71. Consumers’ boycott, j$ [: q1 f5 P0 h# B1 D
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 o8 B" v( S: z1 t" W
73. Policy of austerity* x+ i& ~0 X2 M9 l7 N8 S
74. Rent withholding
0 `0 G, L. h7 ^0 |+ L2 J 75. Refusal to rent
" }. \. P3 u: X* j+ j& H' S 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 _5 E4 _4 J% x3 r 77. International consumers’ boycott
' x; Q3 ~* {8 F8 V! W% h( n5 `$ i
* c) R2 {0 ?- p* R" YAction by Workers and Producers
! {6 G' ^) U7 K7 N3 K, C% {/ ]( ~ 78. Workmen’s boycott/ `+ m) O% i2 K- f3 w( a- ]
79. Producers’ boycott# X6 |& P: S7 k4 R1 S; G; V+ _
/ B, n6 F' N4 J6 c+ U2 ]2 m6 x9 T
Action by Middlemen
4 _! V4 M5 e& |% M! O) L! ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, i, w- p( T# y, ~
5 ?3 t |* v. d0 M0 @! NAction by Owners and Management
/ ?* c3 z: a; |1 N7 U 81. Traders’ boycott# D- G3 U8 s/ g% B+ _9 n& C; I6 a
82. Refusal to let or sell property9 H* z X! p( {& C
83. Lockout
( C1 l& S3 |4 X9 c+ R 84. Refusal of industrial assistance- u x, F; G! j% G# `
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 \. ]4 \, m- d% I6 T0 d
- N5 W& c5 T3 l' H0 l$ V6 A) PAction by Holders of Financial Resources
) ]0 x s* a- u( e }, h: O 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits c) r8 G0 h5 ]
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( s* P3 _$ ^6 K, o
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 q; G. {' j5 w3 Z1 ?+ l3 v
89. Severance of funds and credit" H6 E$ O: `+ t# z$ }8 c: O. K
90. Revenue refusal" I2 L j( B% P. l: d# c6 s
91. Refusal of a government’s money
: O3 I# u- O. L- ^8 D4 h( @9 H& a V( P/ s
Action by Governments
) r V3 e& N! Y7 u8 F 92. Domestic embargo* c; J" @' y! W/ t% V7 w
93. Blacklisting of traders9 b2 c. i) S: u7 B! {% e0 f
94. International sellers’ embargo: q* ?& v. a0 Q% R
95. International buyers’ embargo! }4 C5 y/ l, N5 l
96. International trade embargo6 J( z6 a# v; y1 Q+ t( o
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. A, h. o) T, F. S; c: R3 HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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* v" Q) a2 Z' ^/ Q& P D3 u5 g9 J2 R
Symbolic Strikes. H; F$ i7 V) ~* N2 m4 G
97. Protest strike
0 m+ R3 R2 N5 B& B 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! F' b# v! d- ~4 _' x* V- b; K0 @
+ w, h7 G+ z9 s: V* V4 _Agricultural Strikes% s4 X: @6 {0 g1 x8 a2 J8 R
99. Peasant strike
& d8 k, G) n! d! Y( Z 100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 s% H5 m8 b: t" y2 i6 X4 N$ Z) d4 q S8 h* T! [" H$ N* [
Strikes by Special Groups7 P, S( |) p1 F U& U
101. Refusal of impressed labor4 V3 w- b' V) s. P9 E
102. Prisoners’ strike
. a- a7 Y M" U$ Y& B, R0 T$ [3 q+ C 103. Craft strike; K- Z$ }0 Z2 l" r9 j- D% k
104. Professional strike
- f" m) D- W! _+ e
5 `# M3 T b/ C: h- r1 B w% W1 z2 ZOrdinary Industrial Strikes4 A: e: {3 k* @9 C
105. Establishment strike
* T2 m! I" y; o9 h7 W( X6 K: ~ 106. Industry strike
8 J: O1 W; ^! @: h* Y7 p 107. Sympathetic strike: @4 H8 G7 O/ |0 z4 a
: U" x6 R9 |' q/ z: u$ P9 H8 `
Restricted Strikes1 L/ y- w" Z# L- v9 a: p
108. Detailed strike
$ Y) h: `* A& Q1 c! Y1 Q) Q 109. Bumper strike. K& q2 w/ n0 r, _5 Y7 V4 j
110. Slowdown strike
2 n- [+ C' s& I. O0 ?$ k" \ 111. Working-to-rule strike; H( a7 ~8 d* H
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 [: F5 b4 c1 }/ L2 u/ M
113. Strike by resignation
" e1 p% K/ Z( H9 K9 c4 y 114. Limited strike
2 l+ n7 A2 I" }( Y A 115. Selective strike
" D8 f: R* a+ P/ Z
8 Q9 R% t/ k0 y) h+ \Multi-Industry Strikes: y/ S4 l3 V8 k& b8 A
K. N- `) _' H' r& v' A9 _4 K
116. Generalized strike0 ]6 n4 A8 w8 s$ P
0 L( X) k, y- h8 @
117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures, `5 t. j; n% Q3 r. G {; p5 @
' o5 K, P2 z$ S, C; O5 h# C
118. Hartal' \6 ~4 \6 h4 m" J) z+ w
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119. Economic shutdown
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; N& L, z& \2 I9 V4 T7 w9 Q: kTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 [9 o( _8 V7 H9 I! ]0 j% j
9 k- M8 i o( S! d# s
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Rejection of Authority3 r$ m$ v$ z( v8 `" ? h
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( {8 h7 G) d* b4 g1 B/ i- @7 p 121. Refusal of public support7 G5 j3 n0 B4 H1 ]9 u+ D
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance. ~8 i* |. I7 n' g
4 i0 A' t* g6 ~& }6 B8 Z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 P+ o: t: D( A5 j7 _% B+ [' D 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" X9 `( Z7 S) Z M& V! F 124. Boycott of elections6 |* g6 B, K( L2 e" H8 D
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 C: a, Q2 R6 b) Y8 B- w5 j/ o$ J 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) P' V0 Y; U4 N9 _( Y" Q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ X) H5 C7 N/ f& Y- x 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* {( e% B, ?( n& i7 w& ^, v 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. f' T) L! s, b4 W; u 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 }+ ^9 C# |! Z { 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% P3 y! b1 ^& T5 e4 e# @* \ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ [6 r% _0 D- a. y" T
* ?* J! r. ~ N9 R. x( e9 }+ v+ x" SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 c, Z$ F9 x1 k v |6 h 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) r9 n4 ~: ?9 x% ~& Z' v' O& H& u
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 J" t2 V& l* |$ P( D' B% x2 o
135. Popular nonobedience
9 v* H: c- `2 [# U 136. Disguised disobedience
6 U: H; w/ B0 o8 r# L) d 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" z. p% D2 F2 Q* c
138. Sitdown3 }% o; W( D1 t( K
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 X3 ~5 v- F6 Y$ S% [; V3 h
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
N; w& L' o- i) n4 e& Y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 Z3 `: o6 F7 F) A4 {" h* f
" O% r- x) |0 B3 H# t' I1 h, Y0 t* xAction by Government Personnel
% s ^4 K/ S' {3 q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; r) Y, i8 o/ U, A, E
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# S, D; Q" d6 K7 y 144. Stalling and obstruction$ B0 M$ Z& Q! m# U; `, ]6 [
145. General administrative noncooperation
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1 g3 l7 [! |+ G1 p) x 146. Judicial noncooperation& b1 \3 f# E- \4 v1 r8 K
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 _; ~( L0 L* ^' Y2 T
148. Mutiny v" ], t1 ]! o# D* d
Domestic Governmental Action9 Z% p+ _/ E$ @% D* M: [
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 J2 d2 s& M6 y3 ]' Y8 j+ ~
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) s/ O. A, u; u$ R3 r
3 X* U% W# G3 F
International Governmental Action4 k: u6 S6 L/ s8 Y% X, u& `
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 y8 [8 M& h9 { 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: k! @2 h, B) I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: E x8 w3 e, V: i9 C+ T, B7 g/ @
154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ E, ^5 h% S2 k
155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ x8 I0 Q" @$ G( c" ?; q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 w( {6 a" b' `' p2 H 157. Expulsion from international organizations
% p5 o, m+ G0 x4 Z: G
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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# o: H$ L+ L; D H# z ]5 b) fPsychological Intervention% F8 t: c1 I8 Y+ e/ M! u
158. Self-exposure to the elements' y/ |9 F9 Y; A7 {- y+ @$ C. W
159. The fast3 |" b! ?# d( e
a) Fast of moral pressure
% y8 H0 n' E9 T b) Hunger strike* o+ `* k2 E* Z* b$ v
c) Satyagrahic fast
1 c# ~ q* a+ B9 a- ], p5 o0 R0 y 160. Reverse trial: r. i7 \5 p- K: ^1 a! J
161. Nonviolent harassment
% E4 D5 P7 U l1 O) A! }
+ k. [. i k3 I4 X5 M7 lPhysical Intervention! y) C# ~6 _" ^0 C9 Z3 i) m4 Q
162. Sit-in
' z2 S) z) t! _ j: Y2 H1 C4 S 163. Stand-in
1 B5 e: y: |7 i$ a& p1 t 164. Ride-in
$ v2 m t" u5 e2 c 165. Wade-in
: s/ H' Q" x2 j% h( O. k 166. Mill-in. a: n0 K, Z, I: q
167. Pray-in
$ m$ B- E8 t& G0 [2 v 168. Nonviolent raids
9 u$ _, \/ B3 A7 b' I( ` 169. Nonviolent air raids- m" n5 @5 _8 Y# q5 Q4 b4 ^- M
170. Nonviolent invasion
: d, y5 W. m4 d 171. Nonviolent interjection; `5 H+ ?2 X% u' T# d% e
172. Nonviolent obstruction3 o: @3 g8 }! q7 b$ l
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention4 `8 X, g* S( ^
174. Establishing new social patterns( d. J8 R0 t5 S1 k
175. Overloading of facilities+ Z0 k2 z$ I/ `4 D+ P: `0 b5 f% o
176. Stall-in
0 h6 U) o2 f. T2 Y4 Q 177. Speak-in$ r/ B! a& @6 w1 I/ g
178. Guerrilla theater4 c$ J' T2 o/ h( I) J6 [+ i( [
179. Alternative social institutions
+ }' j! q: U2 O* H 180. Alternative communication system
! S7 A- z6 f. @" Z; ~) J3 {1 V- x( m; p; i0 M- ?& V* K( Q
Economic Intervention* l' V- G$ t( m+ y& t
181. Reverse strike
! S6 O) n4 i9 s% w/ g" x 182. Stay-in strike
4 d7 N$ v* d4 {) [" @# p 183. Nonviolent land seizure
; C# R8 u Y' G, G+ y1 S2 O 184. Defiance of blockades
, B3 h. K& E' r9 P) m7 [5 s$ s; d* [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 b( ~$ q1 x+ `# L- Q9 Z- W
186. Preclusive purchasing
. T) k# b8 _8 c% s& f9 _ 187. Seizure of assets* w$ r) w3 ~" D {2 Y3 B
188. Dumping
# q# e7 O: M( T8 M$ B# V$ u 189. Selective patronage2 O' A" a3 H& a7 H- Q8 F6 M U
190. Alternative markets9 B q7 E. t) ^& D
191. Alternative transportation systems! K( K# t* `6 e% z
192. Alternative economic institutions' t( |% x- b6 U3 m: n2 q
1 s; _' O* e7 W- V7 h
Political Intervention1 J$ F; }( b% P& @
193. Overloading of administrative systems+ _4 ~( g( B- R8 f- i0 e# L3 I/ O! f
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, R( Y# O* x2 b r2 Z) @5 H: b; d 195. Seeking imprisonment8 }2 W& c- O0 O. |$ T
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 p8 w9 V- F$ H) S' b
197. Work-on without collaboration
( U, i8 ^0 e* x: o# B 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
