 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; |/ t( J/ I/ \5 j4 a
Formal Statements
! t, v* [/ a! k( a0 ^) B3 s5 {+ W 1. Public Speeches" r& g3 \3 Y9 l# c; P
2. Letters of opposition or support
; N: J6 q$ g6 Q7 X 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 @- R5 D& n8 d! [4 p4 {2 G5 @# u
4. Signed public statements6 {/ e' ]2 E" x: q! H5 X9 i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 |' ?0 Q! E* y5 }& y4 [& U. G
6. Group or mass petitions
8 V9 ~2 l* Y5 z) H1 `; D- o0 C" W# ~1 b* C1 `
Communications with a Wider Audience5 V0 J2 [2 m6 a* ~
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- s" Y/ g$ l4 J( h& g; P8 I, p4 w5 \
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! f, X# c, `; [" v 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 X+ ~' e+ U( R7 k
10. Newspapers and journals
0 p! ], n: b& Y/ W# q: V) D# j, v" i 11. Records, radio, and television( {: d2 t' q8 y8 L- P) \( ^* ]- D
12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 l9 g! Z# L, g% I9 D2 v W; Z
4 l* {, t* B- \, x3 a& `2 ^
Group Representations
1 V; i/ t8 x5 P' L# B8 n 13. Deputations- _$ N, c5 w. x( P+ G
14. Mock awards0 l6 R1 \" X7 ?) w" I* H8 r
15. Group lobbying H( r( Z' O& d* u( K- \
16. Picketing+ @8 h% k5 W$ d, L" A$ `1 m" x( Z
17. Mock elections6 Y$ q1 u8 [0 n
7 ]( {6 v0 U2 a) c
Symbolic Public Acts5 U9 E5 c& U% m9 }. r
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& [& p6 U3 n4 i1 c
19. Wearing of symbols, i C( z3 `) I6 y5 Q9 T! Y
20. Prayer and worship
8 q! `4 u% m4 n6 t. ~( D4 b 21. Delivering symbolic objects0 V& V, w+ R3 e
22. Protest disrobings X7 B9 X" C- H% ?
23. Destruction of own property6 ]! E$ P% S( }; S
24. Symbolic lights
: [ n$ i" A& c: R: P! \, I 25. Displays of portraits
- s# P- c7 g/ ?0 U7 r 26. Paint as protest& n- P) G& G4 W9 S7 @' M& L
27. New signs and names
: H: u7 Y; @/ Q) Z1 v 28. Symbolic sounds
7 {* Q9 Q4 K- L; m, F% Q 29. Symbolic reclamations7 P9 G2 B, E/ U1 D& `- }
30. Rude gestures
6 \8 ^( D5 w7 T, N- L* `4 `5 y c7 r* `9 N
Pressures on Individuals! p' c, a/ ^4 ]) Q, P: S% l* z
31. “Haunting” officials
4 `: f e( H; }! @- w- V 32. Taunting officials2 a2 j0 s( s, a; S
33. Fraternization8 P+ |( e* Q% y4 b* h$ C; c: V
34. Vigils
c8 Y& c3 n/ i
/ ] X. m6 `& G( _$ xDrama and Music& [# Q4 ~# s4 K$ }
35. Humorous skits and pranks: R& t6 @2 [7 o% s- e! u
36. Performances of plays and music$ ^! ^7 L0 e; p& `, `2 j
37. Singing. z8 S( \8 w( S( R( @
' t9 A6 b! L6 P
Processions
' N# L% i. @# k* ?$ L 38. Marches( U9 i1 C5 `' g' a a
39. Parades
% h! ^1 G0 W0 K- J4 J1 [/ F8 P 40. Religious processions( N0 d H) w7 @3 ~
41. Pilgrimages
4 S9 R% d9 L2 f0 }" o 42. Motorcades* j1 W0 A5 Q5 w( P: |' A: |
" {1 j+ R* e$ u& m% L. k, OHonoring the Dead' k+ L2 F9 t# V3 t% y4 s
43. Political mourning
# ~' l3 R" }0 d% X T, r3 m% w3 F 44. Mock funerals2 K- {$ q" R% X! h% \8 S* }
45. Demonstrative funerals) ]: F' T0 w, [ V- ]
46. Homage at burial places" m2 B* a5 e+ S1 i" w- k4 s8 g
2 x, `* Z* X9 W |2 BPublic Assemblies
p; S; K7 B$ ^7 p3 _6 l 47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 T) t: e! I9 y6 N 48. Protest meetings
+ C5 B; C. Z; l* y& B& R. X; t2 g 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 Q- h; T5 ~* z9 K) w5 V 50. Teach-ins
4 B& \+ E& P8 n
2 t6 v7 t5 Z+ d' Q8 DWithdrawal and Renunciation
2 n8 y. s: M* a; b" p# `1 t* T) e9 C 51. Walk-outs4 |2 i: \0 G7 A$ ]5 K6 B
52. Silence! Y3 b0 t+ e1 a; B# [ W
53. Renouncing honors
" o# i) c3 H: ^( W* x 54. Turning one’s back2 T4 b6 R4 K5 N4 C Q, c$ P9 C
* u# T# F g+ d6 I+ B6 o# |
) V0 D0 p/ n3 _7 i( [8 g: U" H0 k8 d" @
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: v2 a9 d, i/ @" X' n, K
+ y S$ \% A3 x! ] + r( } ^4 b3 a" c
6 O: Y! Y" y6 Q4 w- j! e4 y! X6 N" a
Ostracism of Persons
$ Z9 m9 d; C- q6 v 55. Social boycott7 U9 e. m4 N( F8 ~; q
56. Selective social boycott
: S, r G/ h% k+ h+ J9 d 57. Lysistratic nonaction
; Y0 u. O, Q# C/ K$ t4 I, G5 \7 c 58. Excommunication
1 v) N' u; Y9 U. S* B1 t 59. Interdict
. P- m( ]* J; p% p& J" W% h0 n1 _' e: o
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ }: a6 L+ E! s' u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. k5 }. B- a9 W+ L: b 61. Boycott of social affairs7 m$ R9 Z7 j* I D% l" h
62. Student strike6 a& n# q" W( }8 o: l- X
63. Social disobedience! z1 Q. v, k6 X0 k- ]" y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% U" U! |* z8 Z- j: u
2 l \+ M5 a$ @
Withdrawal from the Social System8 A1 Q' f! g$ n4 T2 k( x5 l3 l e
65. Stay-at-home
( Z6 g7 x. V- Q1 F0 F: q7 d 66. Total personal noncooperation4 h& P# q% i( v$ r1 F+ h/ z
67. “Flight” of workers
' T/ z/ X+ I7 E0 R4 q: O 68. Sanctuary
! `+ S$ E1 Q, R* b; [# o! A, } 69. Collective disappearance
1 H6 ]3 N! w1 e4 P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% H k1 V/ x4 l0 ]8 A# U9 v$ `! t
' l* X9 K# ] Z1 q' s0 S
4 E2 d* M* B) E5 a8 e9 _: X" Q: ]) y B+ m a- V
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& e7 v% c0 s s
3 a' G+ _, d9 {; D
4 L! \5 P5 {% B& _2 E0 B! v; u# a
Actions by Consumers
4 i4 d% y) H% y" M1 j4 S 71. Consumers’ boycott
6 [8 C) M) k" U9 N4 b 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% |6 F: b2 ~( a
73. Policy of austerity
I, h8 W) Y1 b* D 74. Rent withholding+ c3 Q, a$ Q9 m- v' ?9 T7 L/ Q
75. Refusal to rent' ~' I F3 h0 a' ?4 z/ z; n
76. National consumers’ boycott, ]# B! ^( X# u" |/ @
77. International consumers’ boycott
* o4 o" b3 A& u/ A5 Q0 p. l
% t2 h5 \8 |" J, L0 t. \( _Action by Workers and Producers
* o! ^( _3 R" `0 f+ T+ d4 `+ P3 ? 78. Workmen’s boycott
5 r. A" w* g+ w9 v/ F 79. Producers’ boycott
2 @; ?% c6 d* ]1 w. ]# `3 R
+ u+ R Y+ f# j4 Z% F5 q+ m2 lAction by Middlemen
2 B) V$ N8 Z$ H1 }; V5 G: v 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 _" \% x! }$ z& ~( r0 L8 }" I
p4 x) L7 ?6 _8 X2 a! d; YAction by Owners and Management3 j" S1 P) E9 y1 K7 Q
81. Traders’ boycott ~4 ?6 c5 b" l8 V5 d' L# o
82. Refusal to let or sell property& N9 g7 l* q% d
83. Lockout& {- @, O I' ~6 d! z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ T2 i+ |7 A* @/ T( J0 R 85. Merchants’ “general strike”* c& l5 v9 Z- O6 m9 U
/ d# J& o. |1 B9 |7 {0 h
Action by Holders of Financial Resources" M- a# k0 ]/ ?' B3 N/ l
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ J- P% r4 `4 ?" D 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 k$ m- a5 Q; A+ C- I u
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 y4 F/ s; H: _# O- Y _
89. Severance of funds and credit
# m# l# N. q& x% S 90. Revenue refusal
( g# c6 M. G; d' F" Y% n' ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money. S% B5 `9 Q0 w
9 x! t- K' s F$ R O- e# xAction by Governments* b& r3 T+ \( s' g( _& q
92. Domestic embargo
' G- u! T! \' U, \ 93. Blacklisting of traders p" B- p6 [& b9 T* l/ _
94. International sellers’ embargo c2 l- A# p2 W1 q+ r$ @
95. International buyers’ embargo& e- o, W9 J7 j( M5 ~
96. International trade embargo
, q" R6 T# j: k, R
( l0 {3 V/ q9 p$ V" o + B! J9 a; R% b9 u; w
& T8 |$ i: W" A; M! ~
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 L! g0 N: `, I [
( c& _2 u) `; b2 R
( R4 m5 q' \8 M$ Y* |2 A/ P/ gSymbolic Strikes
) C. @) R: R5 S. z7 F8 j9 E0 U 97. Protest strike& a5 y' v8 r8 X) w, [9 b1 W/ j* c
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( i; t7 t; q W7 O+ J4 Z
2 Q- D- g/ U- bAgricultural Strikes
4 l0 p4 k( B- N. T% {+ q2 i 99. Peasant strike# e8 q' y" C0 E* e: c$ e4 [2 K
100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 y- M3 T- g# Z7 M! K7 d
$ n+ s" Z5 _% ^4 m( Z" h" G, kStrikes by Special Groups. S5 x: ~; K- E5 E1 O o) ~2 |" M
101. Refusal of impressed labor. ], T$ s1 ]6 L$ C$ N
102. Prisoners’ strike* T h; X7 e: O# i$ t
103. Craft strike
% L$ u( f3 L. _5 H4 P7 H 104. Professional strike% z2 O5 l+ U' @
' N" {) ]! k! P! y x6 EOrdinary Industrial Strikes
# I# e! o9 v: }& A/ g; l 105. Establishment strike
: A+ J. E5 B1 F6 G' M 106. Industry strike3 U* }0 z0 `, C$ }& k/ x! A0 B
107. Sympathetic strike
# z T+ i) C6 c) I4 Z/ t- L9 h) _: U) e& n
Restricted Strikes: g5 I2 p! C; }
108. Detailed strike
2 [5 O+ r ]0 X$ [' W0 k 109. Bumper strike
- l" @/ }. L- E7 O 110. Slowdown strike
. l1 d. ~/ R1 d3 j1 a& t 111. Working-to-rule strike
5 @4 o8 a6 O! {" @: L N 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" M' K, \; \' L( a: J- p- ? 113. Strike by resignation$ Y) r0 W" R8 @" @# g) j
114. Limited strike) \* x3 R$ n1 ?) V# e8 T, r U
115. Selective strike
" W, Z. R1 e+ R' _. n f9 ^! e, p/ V/ H/ Z
Multi-Industry Strikes! L) w+ l7 P, S- k8 Q# x' Y
; U* _6 i+ @4 V! c8 s 116. Generalized strike/ [9 g, A4 W/ f% M/ }
E. j# p2 e8 M0 D/ Q' I
117. General strike
% S8 j1 @' C& }% o/ w5 x1 p7 @5 Y" F! @8 y+ O$ R
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) R5 y7 t) d; A( _/ e" R7 ^ @0 @* U1 e! W" b
118. Hartal
8 U% w- _2 j( ?: m% a( v4 p' I" X# r0 Z! z' K( w4 g# S: m
119. Economic shutdown
# |7 d: t. T' Q9 I2 Y
" J! U9 S2 Y! X2 `' [' \
3 U. ~2 o0 ]2 H+ n' Z8 ?% Y$ F! _0 T+ K9 E5 B9 X8 B, ]/ t
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 p! ^# @- I* g& r2 J9 h" r0 U( c
1 D" k' |# w* s$ _2 u - h2 D9 u1 L: k0 L
Rejection of Authority( j* N# }* B/ T- H, |: U! y* n
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) r# M. l! |7 H2 v- ?4 @# N1 P+ A 121. Refusal of public support
) ?9 w9 `2 q- j# j' [, Z$ J 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 ^: U' |( p# X: ~* N5 V- q3 Z/ N$ c. ~2 F
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 N3 a) N+ s/ c3 l- ~
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% H" i8 G2 g( Z5 ]* n/ D 124. Boycott of elections
. {# _) y& ] O3 k7 ?7 B! Q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" D. W' ^) M* t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 {8 }7 a6 Z4 a8 C& u6 r
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 Q* Z" [" h. y" V C- _ a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 v3 k- M$ M8 z. v- z3 q' H0 ^ w5 `
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 p* r& ^. s! f 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 L( B4 U2 i( t3 T i
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* ~$ `: m4 e7 O9 @( ?& z/ M# U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 D! q; B! X4 \$ k2 r% q. y: s& {
0 Z: V1 B: j1 o$ ?
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, C/ K) B# j `$ }
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 l8 j2 w; r+ E0 n3 |) ~- z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ Z2 U5 U y6 P- o2 Y2 o 135. Popular nonobedience+ D( p, d: b8 N. |
136. Disguised disobedience4 z* ?% q) N/ O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
3 t5 u6 Y% R* `7 Q/ s 138. Sitdown
4 ^$ L* K& y3 ]1 y* L* _7 u 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# V; }$ ]2 Q0 [9 M6 {) k 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) k, d$ j0 D1 B& p4 C' r5 [ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" b: F4 |7 s R9 g3 E
) F2 u# ?2 y, Z
Action by Government Personnel) p% q3 w( t* V" j% H2 D: L* I
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 i5 m* _# M. T/ u+ k7 y2 C 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 Y, @5 t' W- |4 i0 D% l$ F% n N8 e 144. Stalling and obstruction
6 q5 l" D* U7 S2 r" f, k( x8 B 145. General administrative noncooperation
( t9 ^5 U1 P' U m7 Z" ~% ~7 [) z- b, Z/ d2 `& b; e! w* \
146. Judicial noncooperation h3 R8 i4 D! |5 B5 ^9 ~
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; h# S# c7 C* d' x8 |
148. Mutiny
7 f3 f+ ]0 @! c' Y3 X5 z7 vDomestic Governmental Action8 A: Q8 o; C) P6 H- z2 T
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ m9 Y& {; I3 s3 ]/ i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. w; O" D# |. x% c
$ i$ N% [, p0 F. \7 y$ VInternational Governmental Action* O5 A/ C( j7 r" C) b+ w
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ j- \2 }/ E* H# x$ X4 X3 R
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# b. J% w! }" M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: ^2 |* |; @3 y, } @( w5 D! ?
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 L# b9 @' |# u# g* r$ a 155. Withdrawal from international organizations. _& U$ j5 A+ {9 x# R1 C) V# N
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 {" V) F* k$ b! d8 o8 j
157. Expulsion from international organizations, y, u' j! S- M& ^" O' N$ r) A
" y3 p! g; a* k: _8 b8 E
6 ?% q* r b) Q- Z0 g* `, \) ?' W" Z5 {2 R) H6 z; _! r7 z+ h3 Y3 d
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 M: u, ]6 Z6 U+ Q& ^* K+ b
) O% x* D. U6 l# X& U7 l$ r% g$ [% Q ' A: a: ^& z& _3 ?
Psychological Intervention
! ^9 Y0 ?) B' R& l5 Q 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 ^1 s1 l- m# Q# y 159. The fast9 o6 A& l2 V( w
a) Fast of moral pressure; F4 L9 t7 J R! f! [
b) Hunger strike
6 y; k, N" U- ~0 a, ]4 c c) Satyagrahic fast1 |' e# C& ^. \7 S1 a
160. Reverse trial
& X( I* T; n9 Z4 ~( L* s, O 161. Nonviolent harassment( }9 d5 ]2 V( D/ }6 ?
" D. o$ a! d7 O" m. a8 F6 qPhysical Intervention
9 `5 Z1 W; m2 W) t0 D8 W% K 162. Sit-in: o: j! q$ \. X/ D w% b/ F
163. Stand-in/ z' U: j( S, t, W- v' a- ?6 K
164. Ride-in9 d" a$ {( q! q* \. U2 d- {7 `* o: n
165. Wade-in
. e" |, P' V6 T( g0 o: n/ W 166. Mill-in
; ~: g T8 W6 f3 [! v% p0 \1 T 167. Pray-in
9 S5 L9 v2 E* b8 ]& q( V* M 168. Nonviolent raids
, q% Y' i/ f; r/ ^7 } 169. Nonviolent air raids. r4 J; b1 H! Q! |7 ^9 B b
170. Nonviolent invasion$ d' D' b4 |) N/ b8 [2 |
171. Nonviolent interjection( J' P. u+ P' |7 K* H' D& z* F0 U
172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ c" ]4 e" a4 \7 V 173. Nonviolent occupation& `& e6 Z: f! D: b
. `: U4 n6 Q; y0 e
Social Intervention
- @0 K( w [2 W/ Y% f 174. Establishing new social patterns5 \& C' Q9 R) R% \+ X
175. Overloading of facilities1 n g5 q2 @3 D! z
176. Stall-in
+ V r, a2 N- q! L$ @" ? k 177. Speak-in
/ d) z+ I) B9 _( v& B 178. Guerrilla theater1 J: V1 Q- S3 j$ J
179. Alternative social institutions
+ r; G# O! k B. h9 X 180. Alternative communication system, {' i& K- Y% u/ k. ^
0 r0 w, s/ ]+ |$ R" ]Economic Intervention
' c) y" J2 J, p. P0 I t& w3 h 181. Reverse strike6 Z. X( C: {( Y# T U9 [( b# z
182. Stay-in strike% z0 K' [; ]+ ^# `' c" x
183. Nonviolent land seizure
) X; Y* o S% ]) r5 R9 I3 k j/ p) p 184. Defiance of blockades1 G4 b4 D9 \! L
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 k# D% D; n4 j# L; d8 P) ~ 186. Preclusive purchasing
+ s1 L0 n+ {- B0 b7 ? 187. Seizure of assets7 {/ C' f# G% V5 ~6 J e7 W4 q% ]0 x
188. Dumping; _$ w; X3 G7 @3 p# z' D8 R
189. Selective patronage. F. e+ r6 I2 g: w
190. Alternative markets' p) M! ]1 @0 {+ g. `3 `. P
191. Alternative transportation systems# l. w( L3 j' h* @! ]% n7 u4 ]0 r7 k
192. Alternative economic institutions
3 b4 l& B# b% A& V' q! J) }% }
4 {" J) z2 B3 X: uPolitical Intervention
; b% e, C, M& v! n 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 ^$ G. B# ^* j' t4 F7 O 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 p5 c0 g$ `( x4 J' V+ S. e
195. Seeking imprisonment
0 l9 w4 o8 C" ~& ^* ^$ |/ s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# M2 u6 f. s, {1 b# v5 t2 V+ ] 197. Work-on without collaboration
( u6 e Q6 U! [! f) f 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
, I- a2 h# V5 o5 O' S3 Y( L
; W) i5 Y6 x/ T2 [0 d7 o8 B |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
