 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ d z- s/ H3 p* n# e4 n. Z% wFormal Statements+ {" d% _5 I! G% o2 E& s
1. Public Speeches/ Y) o: g t& a' F, W c K4 \
2. Letters of opposition or support, J- I) l: X9 z5 M' k$ c
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions t- a) [+ G6 f6 ~3 {. q t
4. Signed public statements6 H, F7 Q7 N# D! v: r% h$ l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 }% {" d& Z8 G/ t/ r 6. Group or mass petitions' Y* R# W( o& y, G0 Q$ X. a
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Communications with a Wider Audience5 V1 H* D- o/ t
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
S/ G C# H# ^4 w( P- ?, g 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ R% z7 y8 T/ v- N! f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- }* I; C! u0 g3 R9 v# p) i" \! G1 Q 10. Newspapers and journals
4 D1 b! m+ |5 d0 o 11. Records, radio, and television3 p! D2 s* K1 w5 ]
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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2 K/ b6 f" M' {2 Y2 t+ f. k4 vGroup Representations
, d T, ~; d- H P9 N 13. Deputations
! V( |) { u; i' P8 I 14. Mock awards
( u) u0 l% l' J. f! n. d( Q" C 15. Group lobbying
& l) ~4 Q* n; a5 X$ @ 16. Picketing2 _. p! l- |5 @' v8 B. k
17. Mock elections& s9 x* G4 j8 ~4 `
" I' I) ?& R5 k P1 QSymbolic Public Acts
9 G5 J: X' |% V# n8 P; d: D 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: w" H) J- x' [6 ^4 r/ b* f$ V4 e
19. Wearing of symbols$ ^! V! w8 R! ?. ]; c
20. Prayer and worship* h. ~0 \* o; M) y
21. Delivering symbolic objects$ ^2 A% h& m" D0 T# V9 s
22. Protest disrobings1 l5 ?9 r' |) D
23. Destruction of own property% V ?" Z, l1 B4 T0 J+ B" i
24. Symbolic lights4 n+ R; c2 r' Z2 k9 } e1 p
25. Displays of portraits
; o* M- \1 t' ~. T' |$ I2 ~. \ 26. Paint as protest
0 u1 E0 ~$ ?( ` 27. New signs and names
) n" C: z2 B: L4 L2 a 28. Symbolic sounds
# ]1 N0 m! r/ V( K 29. Symbolic reclamations
# s! V7 W, X) y; [ 30. Rude gestures
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Pressures on Individuals. `9 R8 J/ i6 f2 @+ @- x
31. “Haunting” officials% ]3 e1 t. f, M6 r
32. Taunting officials- E+ R" L0 c) W9 G
33. Fraternization
! b9 G5 ]; j8 S* a 34. Vigils
8 L& w9 {# l: \# ]# N3 b5 i- k7 w2 c/ s$ h) A; p
Drama and Music$ @6 S0 g, Y- ^* }
35. Humorous skits and pranks1 f' n4 o% ]3 |7 g: H2 G1 h- `
36. Performances of plays and music
" B% c: T' X0 G* j5 B/ H 37. Singing
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1 z$ Q l6 x* vProcessions
7 |; Z( u1 p8 [ 38. Marches
8 Z0 F) r2 S7 |; Z 39. Parades/ L. r9 Y- K8 R4 K. p- U
40. Religious processions
U/ l, N* ]4 @! a! L0 g4 ~& J 41. Pilgrimages. a! f- ]( b8 X; d
42. Motorcades$ L' P5 F' k$ `) ~8 E, F- p
" X5 n8 L7 n, F, n# r% s( hHonoring the Dead8 c C' s% X5 e2 m$ c
43. Political mourning+ S o2 Y2 g2 I) I3 N6 I9 b) R
44. Mock funerals
0 N4 p+ h& ? W: Z- j0 W2 [ 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 n1 K. o1 {( ~+ i) M" ?. p, e 46. Homage at burial places
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4 a# v) m% U4 c" z% z9 C3 BPublic Assemblies+ {" c% a7 g1 D9 \5 B
47. Assemblies of protest or support# O% U: C* O0 Q. m1 |4 v% J
48. Protest meetings
) ^$ j, P6 r+ W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- Q& W/ x4 e! J x
50. Teach-ins: }0 a1 x( d: i l! Z2 U" R, n; o
/ t+ y" m0 m4 J- p' p2 J. i' [' KWithdrawal and Renunciation5 `5 J- j8 T( j6 O" @
51. Walk-outs, ^) g; l Z. ?" Y
52. Silence A% o* o$ T# l$ r. Y ^, B
53. Renouncing honors
% q/ {8 E* H$ }. d 54. Turning one’s back
* _7 t$ X3 d. q$ ^* x7 Z) }) M0 Z# Y
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" ~, i0 {8 h( n( gTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 e! S" h; ?4 ^2 P
# q7 v' H4 m* c: v: Q# K6 ]/ U " L) f! b3 D: }! q
\7 _' Z3 B/ S
Ostracism of Persons; K3 E9 c) N, d) K( u
55. Social boycott0 S! ?/ k: e9 e4 X; n3 S! j
56. Selective social boycott
. H2 w9 Q( \) | P+ h: U5 c# o. g 57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 d. S0 p: ^. f' R 58. Excommunication
. |- q7 i% D' q: ^- N# _3 C 59. Interdict
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+ E" |4 }, Q1 S+ a# v! mNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 ]- r6 o: V( R8 U2 n3 @
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 }# e( |5 p& b 61. Boycott of social affairs
# r7 c) u9 l% \7 V" l5 l 62. Student strike# Q& f. c6 c$ q: J6 M- j
63. Social disobedience
8 n0 C5 K D7 U1 u) n6 B 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ S6 v9 a# A+ }2 r L
& U' ?- e6 d# b0 E
Withdrawal from the Social System1 U1 h. Z4 I! P7 U1 @' a
65. Stay-at-home5 A( h* K; L1 u( x, ?
66. Total personal noncooperation
. k( u; C# |5 Q5 u 67. “Flight” of workers5 H! e/ w6 x& ~$ J8 q8 U
68. Sanctuary' i, s7 P4 c8 a0 ?8 ?
69. Collective disappearance- z$ i+ L; D3 G. j
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS3 P/ A. |' h1 u9 H; _) ^7 A
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& P/ U4 _; j+ t: _; e VActions by Consumers
& G4 x. ?1 e; A 71. Consumers’ boycott0 ~/ ~/ K) ^/ x
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( c/ O9 ~: C7 x$ }
73. Policy of austerity- w+ [; `' L# ^9 ^
74. Rent withholding
$ u9 S& i& u/ h; | 75. Refusal to rent
/ A! J" {4 I" Q& F; L 76. National consumers’ boycott
3 t1 ?3 x7 t0 y 77. International consumers’ boycott3 s& V/ X7 p {9 }% t$ D+ u: h
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Action by Workers and Producers5 b8 h6 [0 D' J \5 I1 V1 ~) L
78. Workmen’s boycott3 ^0 _% Y. R1 e- d
79. Producers’ boycott
8 V, X$ F7 f) i! `0 ~+ X
/ u) r+ v2 V# @% J" ZAction by Middlemen
. }, c- N* z3 Y; C. l; v9 p# Y( \5 X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 I- t5 N7 A; y* q
. s9 D. @% P! b6 R8 Q7 C: hAction by Owners and Management% J2 J( U9 M9 q; @/ b
81. Traders’ boycott: L: J/ x7 u7 S U# f
82. Refusal to let or sell property- U; |( p" @1 E( c) b. p
83. Lockout" W3 R2 b- l% G+ N. d% L& ]% b
84. Refusal of industrial assistance" j. I; I3 t6 d" P3 k
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 L; `4 }% Q9 ~% P. M
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; O. s: B; h2 [1 _5 k
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% c { ?8 ^& B% i
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 ? G9 a3 r7 [* J; B: j; P 89. Severance of funds and credit4 O: e S' I6 i5 C. w4 s {+ I
90. Revenue refusal1 N: ]3 X2 N9 w- {) s
91. Refusal of a government’s money: a# U, m" P2 N) a* v, Q+ B M4 X( I
* I- n% L% X$ e2 v" PAction by Governments" O' x$ G3 `& `% F) y2 [
92. Domestic embargo
- S) l" S3 }# V 93. Blacklisting of traders$ l& h& B& k9 h" s- m
94. International sellers’ embargo
+ f% t: D) g* J { 95. International buyers’ embargo( L, j4 {* }3 `9 B7 e6 f$ [
96. International trade embargo4 l, t. X& m0 Z% w. o: b
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! m0 I0 O, H. xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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" z" g) e+ U, Z: I; t0 hSymbolic Strikes: S7 q# v8 X6 z6 p5 v! {
97. Protest strike
% P$ c6 R6 f; s 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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Agricultural Strikes0 Z( A. l* c. O
99. Peasant strike
3 O" D7 X9 L: F j9 C% y0 @4 A) R 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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Strikes by Special Groups
5 y1 } E1 `/ E9 I; O+ K& r4 B 101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 @+ X- S" y2 M0 {9 b5 U4 b# c9 e z4 l9 C 102. Prisoners’ strike
5 s6 E; c: H) J& {% K* G 103. Craft strike6 Q2 t4 U9 h0 b( U
104. Professional strike% c! l) P3 m+ N- t2 P' Y7 H& R0 n
: t6 D) T* f2 {# z. G6 ?
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
& k, n4 T4 v: T: F5 l: \) g; |5 S 105. Establishment strike& L z! [; P; E3 V* h
106. Industry strike' S4 C6 k% v0 q; e8 V
107. Sympathetic strike! r* e# w1 h- C( |0 x9 }; o
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Restricted Strikes e [% E. e. f* j' Z, e% @
108. Detailed strike
7 F/ |7 n+ p% Z% S: ~/ { 109. Bumper strike) B/ F( a7 D; W+ y% \/ [
110. Slowdown strike" K# }0 W! a) Q% c) v" v# L
111. Working-to-rule strike8 w! G0 @; l7 Y- W8 w
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) ^* ~9 P& R, f, j
113. Strike by resignation& K7 }3 A7 C5 g! {. h) _, R
114. Limited strike
8 i* q7 L4 y( h. X 115. Selective strike* r: R+ x; o K) r) F- Y8 m
3 Q% n$ @. D7 ~/ [/ x) ]4 SMulti-Industry Strikes' c* F/ Q7 y( j. C6 p. l% @. E5 _7 ^
+ Q* b2 V! ?4 E9 H1 { 116. Generalized strike
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2 ^) x, M0 ^& T; K3 b$ T. J* h& h5 C6 x 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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* D7 m- n9 w0 G c$ t1 B; q 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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5 N" K' ?1 J1 ~% n9 @: cTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION- B* {, ]& H# ?) p& @+ b
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Y* l7 j) f0 {' ARejection of Authority
3 V, r* i0 Z5 U5 T. }, s 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) ^2 d) g: ^3 Y- Q$ [5 z 121. Refusal of public support& A1 \& O4 }+ v& s# h- S
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- L8 k6 x' _5 }9 M" s( L G
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ U- c7 |; O7 m/ E; V
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( F4 K$ f4 v. G% N( N2 w$ B: u8 P 124. Boycott of elections
, z0 t, h0 V( r f 125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 S }( A- `5 y8 S8 f5 d1 q$ q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* w7 H5 M2 {" Y! u! t6 i 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 g! P' t$ ]( e# b' @# S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( G9 ~. a8 ^( e4 f- |( v$ \
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 y( J% M2 Q% O1 s( z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. z$ B S/ d1 ~ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* p) N/ U: d# O+ L( o, p* p
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' Q! p0 m; C! W5 R
3 c$ Q1 m- j3 n" ?
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( e" y7 O! \" A @0 U7 o 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ O: N# |1 D6 |( } 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 }! K5 A5 r* O" P) V" O5 K& L
135. Popular nonobedience' ~" \& [5 k" N: M
136. Disguised disobedience0 r& B4 _ ]/ L/ G+ k1 i. W
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' t9 w& T$ `0 z6 o: b
138. Sitdown6 b: { e$ ^( J
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
. H6 }- l1 A# m7 {' N* k. v3 L 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 A( x$ T1 v# g* _% o
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* e: `3 ^- f5 \* B* E- A& `
4 Y2 ^( q$ ]0 k
Action by Government Personnel
5 A3 Q' L( |" C& c 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides g: P6 V- t1 }
143. Blocking of lines of command and information' C4 ]: r# I+ y
144. Stalling and obstruction# m3 D; r" k9 A& B! h! F& p- n- }
145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
3 }! ~. `1 S4 d; M 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: n' O1 I8 A: L9 h6 G
148. Mutiny
: D+ S) y) }9 d0 k# `& ^ G; w; r* ADomestic Governmental Action4 c6 }& d, a, w. y1 D6 q5 Z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. z" O/ m4 J5 K2 M
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action
8 U- l' ]; B5 N2 y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 r4 @7 J8 H4 J. D; E4 D3 c
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 q6 B* Z; i2 T+ N3 C
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! A- x- }; ?6 p$ C1 i. b 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 r1 P E$ M; W$ A0 i' g 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 T- D- K! j0 Y4 E7 i
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% A- M7 }. f7 { 157. Expulsion from international organizations0 M+ ?( u; j( J4 I* `, W
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 [% J) _0 X: p. ]& L! \1 I
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Psychological Intervention- o' E: [8 q3 D! R' z) w
158. Self-exposure to the elements! f- S) a' h( ^, Q" Z: {8 d7 _1 B
159. The fast
1 N3 \5 Q+ x6 R' U7 ~: M! o6 w5 W8 ] a) Fast of moral pressure
: D" b# U: T I: G% N8 D b) Hunger strike
& ? c$ w) z! E1 L" t c) Satyagrahic fast! a. G# J8 \2 C2 A8 `2 z3 h
160. Reverse trial! `, q1 M6 l1 d: ^7 N( D Q
161. Nonviolent harassment% U) K, E2 J- T. m& z
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Physical Intervention
2 z( ?, W3 U, k0 F& G 162. Sit-in: l% t, w3 }! E( h _
163. Stand-in1 X$ A3 V$ l. k% S [' N+ \9 j; U
164. Ride-in
$ h" ~. w/ V) W& W- S 165. Wade-in& p, R2 E: h1 j
166. Mill-in& z9 N% D7 | |- J" k+ t8 ]
167. Pray-in
. E \# n5 P: q4 S 168. Nonviolent raids
/ \2 F8 U8 [6 n9 e% k 169. Nonviolent air raids5 v) i" d; y0 Q- J
170. Nonviolent invasion
. y7 r( w4 L1 _ 171. Nonviolent interjection2 ?5 w2 O1 h1 Q: H0 r: W) E6 j
172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 B }/ t" H A 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention1 O$ Y& r( F$ B% {" y
174. Establishing new social patterns% O" d% o G* {: ^" j& B2 g# E$ d! K
175. Overloading of facilities9 u; l6 _6 b4 L4 w' v& E, u! i" ?4 r
176. Stall-in9 i8 ^7 B- x! F* X
177. Speak-in
- y( z7 ]+ j8 M 178. Guerrilla theater
: @) f, P l& }' ~# K0 \; L 179. Alternative social institutions
' c* H2 i: s! {! s3 N 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
. o- ~0 ], v& T 181. Reverse strike
3 P0 X8 L* ] Q% a' S 182. Stay-in strike
. J {' z( ?) Q: _6 C 183. Nonviolent land seizure& X8 L4 P1 W; Y) [+ P* [% y# L1 C/ F
184. Defiance of blockades- u* L; {8 o# R. ]4 P3 }
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# }% V5 ^0 Q. Q) V9 M 186. Preclusive purchasing$ @6 c/ s" d& j4 x: L- H0 E
187. Seizure of assets' X- f# ~$ W, l% _: i: K; G0 F
188. Dumping
7 q3 @* ]# [) H6 k2 u/ A 189. Selective patronage
! |% G) F5 f& O/ y 190. Alternative markets5 k) e9 U: D4 F
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 r6 S- a# ^9 E; [. } 192. Alternative economic institutions; W9 x4 { R! c4 e
6 Y$ d5 P; ?: }Political Intervention
+ {1 l( M) L3 k) i# P" j 193. Overloading of administrative systems
* W5 E) a2 y' j, d1 o 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* w5 d' s( q3 E7 w 195. Seeking imprisonment
% Z. O* L" h% G2 z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 |; e3 g6 A- p) I1 |
197. Work-on without collaboration( Y( z6 R2 M9 c4 }+ @" V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
