 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( m8 w. E( z; t# q+ L. G6 j
Formal Statements
; A1 v/ I# u+ V* s3 I 1. Public Speeches' |, T( T* e0 c
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ T' ~' z4 e. l& @4 {8 D+ J; `3 Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
' W& {2 u! b. V( e4 U1 ^" J 4. Signed public statements
0 G( D) `7 u3 g 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 }5 y1 N; P0 Z9 z2 s2 y9 y 6. Group or mass petitions! Q) s6 I/ j/ [" R+ A; N6 S
+ J6 m) b- `, c8 tCommunications with a Wider Audience
- Q; [ o4 j8 _( q3 q- S+ [ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! ?' I0 n7 m, Y* n 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 \4 s' {, u1 D h 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. T' m, Q$ \8 y
10. Newspapers and journals
; |$ t1 o. b# j 11. Records, radio, and television( E) h! a& R$ R
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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) o$ R% j% t) o. ~6 kGroup Representations
1 x/ u' @$ X% K6 B 13. Deputations
0 y2 N$ {% R0 {) ]0 d" C8 v9 v 14. Mock awards2 I6 s3 a. u" [) B3 `' C
15. Group lobbying
$ \0 ?2 z L! \ a 16. Picketing
, [' N+ h2 a2 f* k 17. Mock elections
3 o! f9 Q% `5 z. a" r; Y. g7 k4 v0 X+ Q( q; S2 G5 w" ?2 {1 ^) V# C: l
Symbolic Public Acts
3 F2 _5 c- Z7 H7 G8 Y9 Q, { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 r0 `- o! |2 e8 b9 ~
19. Wearing of symbols
0 G3 ~6 @% X; M& i: [# d 20. Prayer and worship
; r& o9 r" E" ^4 n; k9 x! N+ g 21. Delivering symbolic objects. Y6 Z+ B4 s& M4 z: ~& H. q" o
22. Protest disrobings
0 ^5 J' B" U" k8 L" H w! } 23. Destruction of own property# _! Q7 l1 f2 O5 @) S2 A: V1 v
24. Symbolic lights7 y2 g$ H) t% m. X1 C6 g8 I
25. Displays of portraits, a5 k+ {3 t0 L0 i! }) B S
26. Paint as protest
; w% Q1 y+ r1 w3 h3 R1 ]' B 27. New signs and names6 x0 s( q+ b- o6 n
28. Symbolic sounds
" H1 a7 s" I7 Y6 m- J# X5 s 29. Symbolic reclamations
5 |/ r- S+ ?. W$ F& N' g 30. Rude gestures
; U; ~; \4 w. w. t$ E4 k* p g$ f7 g/ L @* o) m7 p4 u v; o* y5 F
Pressures on Individuals
2 ]$ v' a' `& T. M; m4 @$ `9 l9 ~7 c 31. “Haunting” officials" |5 _; ~" u; O! G" O& W4 U1 W
32. Taunting officials0 c' N4 {- B1 V' A* K/ [" V
33. Fraternization
. \% n& O$ v' Y- V9 {4 U 34. Vigils
5 k7 J# H, X1 ]. `; `
; D- c# |0 N4 X, KDrama and Music
/ U6 }" f) U4 @' v& ^' q 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 N. N$ H# I' V# O. _8 J 36. Performances of plays and music4 o- A0 r, |3 a5 V7 Z& y/ |* F
37. Singing
l3 p) I! O7 w- P
( |# X& _2 z; E0 bProcessions3 `0 l1 A3 x! f; T
38. Marches
, d2 S* \6 m) }6 ?, B A F 39. Parades
' B2 R7 Z) [& I7 X% m4 A i* m 40. Religious processions$ L1 I/ c1 V1 g+ Q9 [% k
41. Pilgrimages/ f' d* Y; r% O0 E
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
7 i- t: C+ Q, F; ]8 f* t 43. Political mourning
5 g) A u/ d& W: \5 |9 h9 h% D) S4 G 44. Mock funerals! O, D( x* S& f4 v+ [- J1 f
45. Demonstrative funerals/ X9 W. M6 J: Y
46. Homage at burial places4 x. K' c, W; Z( X: M
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Public Assemblies
$ A0 B5 t, t" K* X6 d 47. Assemblies of protest or support
( l9 L7 r) e& R/ j- \. n( Q 48. Protest meetings
( z, d2 r& y4 ?2 b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 j* v7 Y6 Y% s1 t- O# T" E
50. Teach-ins( b2 W3 @7 ~8 C! [- [
$ U' R. o- D$ P9 rWithdrawal and Renunciation) u# ^' k; }& O/ U
51. Walk-outs: `9 {% P% H0 p+ T9 I
52. Silence1 o! y; p4 e1 k X
53. Renouncing honors
, A, @% p1 L B4 W5 P n9 c4 y h3 d 54. Turning one’s back( }( m9 l# v; W% w+ X& _; U2 W
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7 l; M. V& ?6 U; R; V: ]THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 V: k- |, d4 t
Ostracism of Persons9 n* n- Y: k) G7 a9 F! d/ _
55. Social boycott
7 t- g' v; Q+ Y3 } 56. Selective social boycott
: \% R1 m8 R6 n" m7 D4 L; T 57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 U1 [9 O' S1 x( y7 @1 Y' n0 K 58. Excommunication! M) b, Z- K! ^9 E" ^1 H% J
59. Interdict4 h! X0 y: B/ R4 u& `3 m
7 N, ?- w+ @" d3 m5 ^7 |" t8 q" xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 [ w" ]0 ^3 V2 h% f8 o9 ^ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 d' k0 p* W: u4 S3 H1 b- E6 p0 r5 |
61. Boycott of social affairs: O, k2 l2 T, G/ e8 `: [, m4 N
62. Student strike/ M- R( D5 L0 @+ \) ^" P
63. Social disobedience
# d! U' N" i3 [/ @$ w4 H6 L 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& V6 m. p0 a+ E" x m# C& w# U2 F* |: M" H; c
Withdrawal from the Social System) Z7 x6 M1 \# U' X( u
65. Stay-at-home% \3 t* o0 u/ S' x- b
66. Total personal noncooperation% r0 Z# [& ?$ J2 E; A
67. “Flight” of workers
0 R8 J' D9 ?1 ^: P6 d* \* | 68. Sanctuary8 l- b t, E& Z) w% n/ p5 E: U5 q
69. Collective disappearance* b1 W1 s& @5 Y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat) D( s% I' L' x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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0 Y8 K7 `* |5 @- {' Q9 O1 L) {Actions by Consumers
; [, z P7 y7 w/ V4 ~/ i6 U6 x 71. Consumers’ boycott& D$ l; j: x' E: u# f* j
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" n* T$ f8 p4 X4 v
73. Policy of austerity
# d( a) r0 h$ ?5 s' T 74. Rent withholding
6 X, Z2 {, F R2 o7 x# d& D4 Q9 ^ 75. Refusal to rent
1 T* k% ^- @ R" \ 76. National consumers’ boycott! v x# X' E) R G4 j
77. International consumers’ boycott: [) Q% n3 D7 d$ B4 [
/ y5 z: s3 ^7 D( R% qAction by Workers and Producers7 q0 o6 D4 ^' _$ }
78. Workmen’s boycott) c9 ^% e9 O* x7 z7 V/ ~* b
79. Producers’ boycott4 {1 L) ^ H8 n& L# B3 K S. {: o
% A- ?# g' l) s; RAction by Middlemen
9 |" t' T0 t: t7 [ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ W2 _9 E6 o) q) c4 }" A4 M. H2 X d0 I1 I3 ?% Z* }
Action by Owners and Management" o$ Q1 U1 d8 q- O4 q/ r: ?
81. Traders’ boycott$ L4 T. l& ^ `# x& G) K* d
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! L. y& J1 b% x7 w: d1 L% f/ z 83. Lockout
) z+ _6 m# a' b" \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- I' _8 ^: e6 \: G, ~5 Q+ G 85. Merchants’ “general strike”. X5 \1 M+ L4 C# w( F( E& T5 a
- K( @! x1 S; c) q7 ~2 m9 ^& @, r9 Q2 cAction by Holders of Financial Resources
5 ~. [" b* v( \; G& f 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: Z: {4 l! m4 h# w. n9 e 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 a4 W7 p3 _8 G3 W 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 I# O! U0 b6 ?) Q6 Y 89. Severance of funds and credit/ A% v& O3 z9 y" ^5 Y. w. @+ Y
90. Revenue refusal
% ~% }+ G, N* N! N 91. Refusal of a government’s money/ P% s/ E! E. j. @9 Z! F7 A% ]- ~
; S4 `% _& I7 i3 ?1 ?" vAction by Governments
4 u8 U }# f5 `# N5 } 92. Domestic embargo6 z& N2 e" U3 }
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 {" [3 K# Y7 M) ?: G 94. International sellers’ embargo
- z3 K, a& X- I7 u 95. International buyers’ embargo
/ t- j @9 B) m! L0 S 96. International trade embargo; R- F- r- M8 W S# ]# D
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0 X( z+ D4 C: @ ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
* d/ K$ m0 D% f" b. b$ V8 B 97. Protest strike
0 J* k$ S/ P [7 z! R4 c! q% \* [- w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% |+ [: Q# ^6 l5 b: A, T$ a
" H4 Q& D. {6 V- v' U7 ^: W+ }Agricultural Strikes! }3 S# @7 N( U; N: @8 u4 z
99. Peasant strike
$ u3 D5 X+ f2 j- r) o' A 100. Farm Workers’ strike1 a( m9 v1 c( a; w
3 L g& I+ l5 z! o) d
Strikes by Special Groups
9 g4 `" j& S5 f 101. Refusal of impressed labor9 e0 u; X' ?& p' l" a3 a5 b
102. Prisoners’ strike& F1 O0 T" b: |
103. Craft strike
. K4 F% Z( k/ Q' g4 F& E 104. Professional strike
8 K. c; \/ I( I7 ?
9 k" u \. Y- U5 w& n8 XOrdinary Industrial Strikes
/ U1 h: P. q4 \8 ^ 105. Establishment strike
7 w* r4 ^) b& ~8 a( @: n; q m 106. Industry strike
3 r9 I* f2 T8 r! d$ r( ] 107. Sympathetic strike* E" P! W) z+ U* Z
8 L& } B" Q2 R$ p' x3 {% X7 n& U6 ~Restricted Strikes, Y( R$ I% {9 b/ N) g
108. Detailed strike
8 m( M r" {( B; n! j8 v 109. Bumper strike( N7 a& u q- c, v
110. Slowdown strike
2 K; K, [6 k S6 d 111. Working-to-rule strike9 A# t$ j5 I: c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 R1 b! C7 O$ @0 z0 ~# H9 }& [8 X6 U; s
113. Strike by resignation
2 h" l/ C8 w5 S 114. Limited strike
! o, P' ?# }# Q! R 115. Selective strike+ r5 D0 s" s2 Q) j/ {5 p
G& r. ]% H$ i9 }3 m
Multi-Industry Strikes6 z( @# Q, l& J9 F+ i+ @. \, R
5 ~4 T# l7 F' J3 o- k/ K 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
6 B+ ]; D' r' r0 w6 G3 `7 P( @8 k: k
; [# j' |2 [, O8 `5 KCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures# h. m$ |" ?0 y! G
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown, j O4 v, n/ r! F: M: h( ~% s
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; y4 c9 U! e+ _5 X/ o& e/ C( bTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
* k$ i) R2 b" @* E2 X 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: C% d7 P: }* d- N' ] 121. Refusal of public support
3 x' o& h( l' J/ w0 Y, q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ [# A G& c$ _8 [
/ g8 T4 o( k- `2 eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 s* d, [2 g7 J. n8 ?4 i
123. Boycott of legislative bodies |! p% C s; I: L
124. Boycott of elections
, i* ?& _7 r0 v H 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 [( U- X# Y* o! J/ f 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: z$ ]# _' M) H/ N: e8 ^$ P
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; ]# J) o1 F$ A4 ~* A7 | 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! j3 R9 K3 u( [6 B# i9 h V4 D 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ I2 Z9 H7 Q R4 q/ d Y7 k
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 L, a. a5 m9 x5 d8 o 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ S8 u; E$ q1 [* g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, j+ h0 o8 n1 v/ q- N+ K2 ?
: q3 v8 @8 P* XCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: i2 c2 `8 d( D: D; T& U
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* I0 u) [2 h4 n! s% q: o
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ S, y8 \5 _$ P" V' J6 |. b( c+ f
135. Popular nonobedience
; |. R' @3 x" I9 D7 R. M/ t. ?& S 136. Disguised disobedience/ j; k+ r6 o/ p2 e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( G! ?# t1 x0 t/ H. K
138. Sitdown
0 \0 ]- h) n9 _1 I K, \, @ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ }9 M1 h h8 ^. B" m, |+ d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* {" P2 X; ^5 W8 a2 U 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 U1 ~1 o2 ^! r" D9 a
* M/ U) F' U& } X, |! ]Action by Government Personnel
% O4 j* k! _) E* E$ l; v6 n* u 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 ]1 q/ v) c6 n3 `, Y& c' z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information, o/ g4 z U$ \' W2 B/ l
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 [/ _0 p# \+ v, o3 t( J 145. General administrative noncooperation& T# j }, g$ R( O$ P' f0 q8 R
7 X. x/ h0 E1 M# [
146. Judicial noncooperation
+ |* }7 o2 B$ v 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 }8 j. b5 v7 D& v" e0 B" \0 S. a6 C 148. Mutiny# S% a, x8 t) Y8 l- ?
Domestic Governmental Action
% U- D/ y- ~( `- P I. o$ N3 i+ w( P 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 w% S5 v# B7 m: o7 ?3 Z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# K& [1 D5 M. n! H4 _2 l: b
$ v" f6 u) k8 ?3 Y3 X
International Governmental Action5 F7 F' \4 }2 S/ S" u1 C J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# h5 v* [5 n% ~ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 N' ]6 X; B3 m! B6 @2 Z3 M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 X' `( e/ O! Y! M, H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
+ Y; x$ e6 {: z& F7 u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 J: N6 e* U9 q8 ~+ N0 z0 [ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% c8 }- ?. G' S) o* F9 G
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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6 y \/ Q( T, _+ t* l e. T5 lTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 ^% r0 j3 l$ a* R5 l; B
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7 z7 A7 {) z0 e5 P+ t0 p6 T# |Psychological Intervention6 N ^9 C N, n
158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 S( L0 t% \5 C4 W- w8 a& Q/ N) Q 159. The fast
: T; W. R+ S) t& ~* A5 l) [ a) Fast of moral pressure
4 p6 f( k; N, w+ G b) Hunger strike
! k2 o7 O$ @' ~/ ~ c) Satyagrahic fast
: F& }- O9 ^+ x% F( S7 L 160. Reverse trial
; T3 }* t) y" u/ J3 @; P3 b- z6 D 161. Nonviolent harassment
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0 Z; O; e( T; y1 q7 q, J5 gPhysical Intervention
3 O) \6 t H. i( f/ r 162. Sit-in
5 }1 ~1 [3 I" i, f 163. Stand-in3 N+ J! x. }; L7 {; k
164. Ride-in
! D R7 P q- ?. d' t, C& F6 v' ?! W 165. Wade-in- H- d& d2 o$ {' o
166. Mill-in5 U: x/ k) N3 E6 g
167. Pray-in4 N2 i. k4 k" u$ @; q- I% a0 D
168. Nonviolent raids; Z( |4 y# h+ K
169. Nonviolent air raids- X; b _$ X7 s+ z* ^# W
170. Nonviolent invasion' h( f3 p+ v" B- X
171. Nonviolent interjection; ?' s' _( A/ I3 x; t; N l# Y5 `
172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ s- a( g, Z7 {2 ]" R 173. Nonviolent occupation( f" [4 r* P2 @9 H
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Social Intervention8 {5 Y, X4 @% j& S2 p
174. Establishing new social patterns' ? n5 E! l7 g1 [) X' ~
175. Overloading of facilities
0 E% f; C2 o, x- @+ X5 A 176. Stall-in. `" n, m+ }$ r+ e, A3 l" S4 R
177. Speak-in+ B3 {6 r- U/ ], ^4 j
178. Guerrilla theater# D1 `" S; g4 Y$ Z" I
179. Alternative social institutions$ x6 Z4 H5 a/ J2 A! z1 U
180. Alternative communication system- G3 _9 n; p4 s# D" E
3 G. ~3 g6 C' }1 EEconomic Intervention
, k# Q7 q$ g _7 S 181. Reverse strike/ E/ {2 m! h) W- p) |
182. Stay-in strike
: b4 ]2 l4 ~0 @2 H/ K3 d: Y, r4 n 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 W: ~3 ~' G6 I# p/ f& T2 G
184. Defiance of blockades, Q- Q) @& l# I- Z, E3 Q* M K% Y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
+ g0 m ]2 w, I 186. Preclusive purchasing9 M- C' R1 l6 b, C/ q' t# {
187. Seizure of assets
8 W- Z, z5 u% b' [ 188. Dumping; C, L8 u0 S4 ?3 G
189. Selective patronage
2 |3 O: e$ a2 z# Q; [% s 190. Alternative markets) X" y- |+ v/ g& N+ `6 x* l5 t
191. Alternative transportation systems
; B+ o9 R7 S3 c1 N* l, P 192. Alternative economic institutions
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& n, A( k8 c! z$ t9 c/ tPolitical Intervention- U( ]* {) J0 {! _' \4 u5 A% s
193. Overloading of administrative systems
- P; `8 E6 @% Y# _4 k2 y; n! P4 z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 Y5 D/ S- E0 [( E+ {4 q
195. Seeking imprisonment
/ F6 e! y. ~+ T- E 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. ]6 w: ^) [) R9 W1 r7 J 197. Work-on without collaboration$ s" ^- I# g( Y7 X
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 A+ O/ B( T0 I( Q( `4 {
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
