 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 f2 N% l* W/ l+ q6 p4 t4 J
Formal Statements
8 X! l4 h9 i( u( l) D" ^ 1. Public Speeches
; Q* \- g# `% T 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ f5 r' C {- G1 g) Y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( p4 ~: S) L! V7 ^
4. Signed public statements
3 ?: B5 A2 L* d4 l$ O9 n3 G 5. Declarations of indictment and intention% l0 g2 y& S1 C% K& m
6. Group or mass petitions
) r6 c7 n/ w6 M. o: E
6 e- A9 E5 ^& ] w, N6 Y, r* K& BCommunications with a Wider Audience5 t' V5 a4 V! q' l/ A- X# _
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: F' Y# q9 B* X7 o" } 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 A2 Q, _! o$ n7 T1 k7 r. C
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( |/ e- |8 v4 h/ f
10. Newspapers and journals7 H0 q/ e) |4 H7 _ {
11. Records, radio, and television
9 C, i1 u }7 S9 t0 ]+ G 12. Skywriting and earthwriting% {+ i" }1 J0 |6 K Y
( d# t3 {5 m/ XGroup Representations( Q$ D3 \0 Z3 x* F' w+ |
13. Deputations
/ T9 o. O9 ]( k3 c# n2 _ 14. Mock awards9 s& G& v% U! h4 h$ m- f) E
15. Group lobbying
+ }/ |# O9 C8 g9 P! Z 16. Picketing
( T6 ` ?% \3 o7 @4 d& g: f' b 17. Mock elections
+ y1 h1 G2 S' Q- z5 q& E8 Y0 z
0 N; g2 E" m" R3 S! Y: ASymbolic Public Acts+ V# z6 f6 K0 [4 E0 W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
4 U" Z- E# Y# l) n( T, U 19. Wearing of symbols
1 Y/ q$ x; C6 R$ @$ I1 ? 20. Prayer and worship7 ]5 y. n5 q1 L. Y. f, e7 j+ |
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: W3 z( w! Y+ f0 d- R5 p5 y# y: p 22. Protest disrobings
7 ]9 o; @ S) o/ R) t! {% E! j 23. Destruction of own property2 W$ w- K* T: u: d2 t% e5 U8 @
24. Symbolic lights6 Z$ p- R3 z; \: q1 `
25. Displays of portraits
/ P5 G. A# y! _$ |. d" Y 26. Paint as protest
7 `1 Z6 `$ Q* D 27. New signs and names
% M' Q# i5 s8 F! G 28. Symbolic sounds
" J( k8 [$ y/ _/ [ 29. Symbolic reclamations
6 V! B% N; }5 |. n 30. Rude gestures
6 W. P- {3 }+ g) K# c3 k
/ r$ f Z( | Z, _+ ? sPressures on Individuals- L2 X0 C4 V2 t# F P! U
31. “Haunting” officials S4 A* k8 P# O1 X( T6 t
32. Taunting officials3 Y: d- s. r7 L/ C3 i
33. Fraternization
: n2 [( z2 t0 D 34. Vigils
. P, c' Q: ]8 Q9 W1 Q
' M, {2 \. P: L, U* U! M4 B8 `2 ]& wDrama and Music
' _+ N; M n N1 [8 M5 n E 35. Humorous skits and pranks: @$ i2 G3 p8 \" {/ S, a
36. Performances of plays and music
" I: C( ~, ]6 k2 R% _ 37. Singing
' P/ a. r0 y7 a+ ^0 R5 {/ n# C1 _% w; ~
Processions+ a. y# h8 }9 y1 A. i
38. Marches
5 a' {7 d- _) P- L& X 39. Parades" q9 ^4 r/ X' Y+ L4 g/ x% g
40. Religious processions
! u! _: @& H6 J8 @ 41. Pilgrimages0 h! J* g' L: F9 e
42. Motorcades" n# n# L- y T0 M
/ G7 L- ? Q- g8 A. N# n. k# t8 S
Honoring the Dead
0 l6 B0 _# T& s! Q) e) M' P) r 43. Political mourning
4 K, }9 e n6 A* z% y5 C) b% v- v- _; E 44. Mock funerals
+ C1 b" g0 r4 W# d$ X( i% c0 k 45. Demonstrative funerals# B; g( b+ K, L
46. Homage at burial places) k1 I; \, M5 u( A) m% B
4 N$ T+ u. Q( U; ^4 u- h
Public Assemblies
- e* Y. d5 H: ~5 Q) i) U% T5 L* C 47. Assemblies of protest or support- @; |; {! f0 S$ H2 J- _' Y% _# k7 v* c
48. Protest meetings
, F) B/ ]+ q( U' S6 X% |. X e 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 o! e. @1 p; ^3 {1 T3 l2 J1 ? \$ r 50. Teach-ins( A' U* ]$ H9 ~5 Y" p4 p
% K* z7 i+ H: }! P$ C4 G
Withdrawal and Renunciation. b; z" d9 t. m# M
51. Walk-outs
+ \0 g( T3 [( O4 L3 n% |/ w6 Z: t 52. Silence
' K# \5 W' \( y 53. Renouncing honors9 Q+ I: V. X- ~* \
54. Turning one’s back
' b X* K* F* H* i6 ]
) D9 ]% N+ v& [ l
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. S! I4 d; w. y. H& ~) FTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 b9 U% _ [ ]0 [
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! P* b$ l! } g: h ^2 ?Ostracism of Persons
1 a1 E& h1 V$ A; V( ^; @ 55. Social boycott
: D5 u# y/ \- ~) F: E 56. Selective social boycott2 H# H( k6 ~% E L' B4 }7 O
57. Lysistratic nonaction: K+ q) @; f' `+ K: c
58. Excommunication7 B/ u8 J$ X4 {1 O$ a5 ]% g" |
59. Interdict1 C1 l0 L5 Y+ _6 |" S5 d7 T$ Y) @
& t6 B, C7 ` B2 D& `% h# d! s$ ZNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ G( [, j5 f: [
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) h4 z' N7 G& M# c; {* O 61. Boycott of social affairs
& A9 [; P" i. @/ S 62. Student strike9 [5 x+ S3 M T. E2 B
63. Social disobedience7 n! H' x9 E7 R% u/ \4 w
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' A! T" W4 K( }8 B3 \9 M4 e; R/ C6 H: Z% e7 t; V- A; W- D" X
Withdrawal from the Social System- n5 x- \/ Z7 D
65. Stay-at-home( C' Q6 X& b& d: W. @ R- H
66. Total personal noncooperation0 X) K5 U) \0 j3 K1 c
67. “Flight” of workers( A9 f" O* P' U( \; z. v/ W8 S, @
68. Sanctuary5 m/ w- S' { P0 g
69. Collective disappearance2 N( V6 t4 m& N1 N
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# c+ ~0 I/ x% F7 o, Z8 d) I0 D$ Z
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- {9 v, Y+ ?+ [% ~! x0 L
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 M6 @( Z8 n }: s0 x4 j2 m, f* a* r7 C, Q* R0 c3 X% ^% w7 l6 L
+ G" u B9 p0 j* U; M$ HActions by Consumers- @+ \4 e! B+ P3 @$ T% g4 q
71. Consumers’ boycott
- b" y, F) ]/ ?+ h6 r( i 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
2 g" @ V' i- q. L. P$ Q- W 73. Policy of austerity0 v4 k5 a6 u5 Z* U
74. Rent withholding
# p, I$ X. }" u) ] D) s' E; Z" N 75. Refusal to rent
- L" X0 C1 f3 w y9 o: c 76. National consumers’ boycott
: ?' i2 L5 m( P$ E$ _9 @ 77. International consumers’ boycott1 R" D0 n' }' _
( J: V+ h3 `" r+ l7 g" T6 k eAction by Workers and Producers) `: X( {/ O& a. k# w% g$ ~9 m! o
78. Workmen’s boycott
# g$ a/ W, T; ^/ `$ j! R 79. Producers’ boycott7 G( J. D7 p( j
& n2 B" |, e( C" j: p. _
Action by Middlemen
/ z( f; H8 Q" X; B" C4 I! e. | 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 p( m' r$ y0 W. P. Q- E
+ l q' B+ H F. s
Action by Owners and Management
& O( z1 p2 q& y 81. Traders’ boycott+ M# o* e: l. t5 D
82. Refusal to let or sell property' C* c2 p" b8 X {& D
83. Lockout- j; f- K, S! u8 w8 G. @" v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. t. B7 _8 v g' ^ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 G4 C" k" m) {. @8 [2 t) I6 O; O# j" k6 d
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
* ~5 t/ W6 W) i w# l h1 d6 o2 U4 A 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 J ^# T" `2 R, n& z L G- d 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 O: H+ }- A! w5 i* ^7 [
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' P4 m& N- p) \3 v# Z l) R5 K
89. Severance of funds and credit. q6 g g, q1 M* D* l
90. Revenue refusal9 B# _* c, U. p; P1 u- A" }9 R
91. Refusal of a government’s money7 F/ D; i0 E6 y$ a
1 d0 s: N' o+ M8 P4 k* x' E
Action by Governments
8 l! D3 k' f' n* C 92. Domestic embargo. u% a, O3 P' E5 e$ B
93. Blacklisting of traders3 Z& |, z7 J# t- m# B' t
94. International sellers’ embargo
2 i+ g2 {! k& z 95. International buyers’ embargo
0 G) K+ t" L$ a. Q# S* Q 96. International trade embargo
. x7 Q0 U$ B/ v% B5 M5 a2 y, y$ ~, ?6 e* I6 ]
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1 g- Y/ y, B7 \% ]' y# YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 d& p; m3 p& Y7 F( g. f6 f
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Symbolic Strikes; ~; b. s6 G- [' [4 T4 Z
97. Protest strike, j- }" E8 C s# D% u
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, R4 _5 E, U" d4 o! W
7 H# k) Y$ P" r" r; [: @Agricultural Strikes
5 c+ R. n/ E$ x% U/ z; j6 O m 99. Peasant strike9 x5 q) g- Z' @$ }5 O# N- \$ e
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ A, _+ E6 O4 H1 x% D0 n8 X
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Strikes by Special Groups
) c W/ ]1 T" B9 I9 w4 `+ M4 M! d0 P 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ X- z7 c6 L7 [* h# N 102. Prisoners’ strike' _+ V) p0 y6 B6 u) p4 r
103. Craft strike
$ F/ x! o' V3 j 104. Professional strike
4 b' X4 `: w9 U z* N7 X
6 y. C- E% ~+ e) V bOrdinary Industrial Strikes9 x$ i, V& E1 i" Y$ R. u: i" e" F8 u4 _
105. Establishment strike
: e" k& Y5 [. o6 P3 A0 k$ d 106. Industry strike
* N; S. D( L! l2 P5 \ 107. Sympathetic strike! e: g Z) k, l/ Y& ^
0 {4 R! H P f* c1 k
Restricted Strikes
8 w# z6 [- ~. S 108. Detailed strike7 N5 ^& x! Q, w$ I. P, e% G5 w
109. Bumper strike
2 v$ V9 H) M1 G: t z 110. Slowdown strike0 Z% T# T' h' D1 \7 D- x
111. Working-to-rule strike
: J9 U. s9 w1 T5 M' T y5 S 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& {2 @3 X8 h( |
113. Strike by resignation
+ P+ G! O! L1 N 114. Limited strike
7 V/ n0 ]1 C, z# K" @6 Y7 v 115. Selective strike/ _# f4 S W6 P* D
2 B+ P$ Z& W- ^: s
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 i% A8 | I0 C3 i0 Z
! ]$ s4 S' x) Z 116. Generalized strike
# i& G' E+ e1 L7 z8 d) n' h
& R5 [& Q- w6 K3 R 117. General strike
, ^# D% C0 |/ c
# X: x, d% X; ^. Y2 SCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown$ i5 B) Q e- h4 R6 @+ h
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority! @3 M0 s3 S R& n$ m& X
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) c0 {! S9 `5 w/ A& z 121. Refusal of public support# z! b' ?* m1 ]& P- j: H
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 U# o* L s/ ^+ S+ A$ F
1 [8 {( |, Z' E ^6 n4 Z$ |( E
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% y9 A7 L9 g9 ]: I# {2 @ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
0 i, e+ F5 T, O" K4 l+ D( i' i$ y 124. Boycott of elections
- Z2 j; }2 ]/ I 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" i. M$ H7 @3 b8 S6 C+ k3 n/ _9 ^ g 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; o. Z% z! [- X/ W3 T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* s: Y# t1 |8 Z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 `5 A7 ?' p4 @ ~8 |# `1 K 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 j$ h" L8 ?3 x) F 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 e1 _2 r* D- o3 b! A) b 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 d+ l/ O+ v H 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- W) M2 t' m, C/ n6 w$ m
( X$ r5 b4 Q+ ?; v g( H% G: `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' N; p0 u) S9 \" L( r9 S 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 I Y6 }& O; x* [ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision G8 {! P" x- n2 m" k
135. Popular nonobedience5 s& y y0 M6 T7 d! j
136. Disguised disobedience0 w' x5 l& [6 W1 f3 r4 Q* O3 D l
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 B# T4 Z& A4 G& H' p! \, O* f 138. Sitdown9 d- k. \( \3 z& g
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 V/ a& x3 }* s
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 G3 A' \9 P0 \
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws- }/ U! J1 N# a& I( u
: B, w: c5 S5 S9 @Action by Government Personnel
- G4 [% B' Q4 A9 v; u! K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ ]/ q' R8 M. ^" a! h+ i' ~& I. H
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; X' F/ w8 b; r( S5 i. ^/ C
144. Stalling and obstruction$ S: a: }. K7 T7 C; O) O
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ i4 R9 a0 t' G" x" i8 g
s& z: ` B6 G" W% ?& c2 g 146. Judicial noncooperation4 l# y( U) K: Z) R
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( ]( ~9 `# S& ]1 q0 y 148. Mutiny
# R: \. |" v( ^3 R- U2 sDomestic Governmental Action3 `' N- [( h6 g, C& Y) B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays ?8 f2 p0 m# T$ m
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 z% r! ?* V+ k. N- ^$ F2 N
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International Governmental Action
) I) [6 K0 t1 Q% f) a$ b7 g& E 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ B; r+ w9 P0 C0 T
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ L8 c" o6 q( J% k# ~2 A4 h
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& y4 t* f. X5 P( D4 |9 `, V1 p 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 Q. o2 {5 z4 B& C 155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 B* s% n9 B( y0 c& Q2 r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 l1 n8 k; s# N/ Y) M+ z( L
157. Expulsion from international organizations' N% k9 ]- h/ }' H+ h" m( [* _
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: y* N0 _; ?) [$ \! V* `2 mTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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4 @! H7 h! Z8 B' Q- r' i' ~Psychological Intervention+ [$ E6 P6 M( G7 u
158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 [+ v4 ~& f6 l. M* G2 S* m 159. The fast
6 S: m; G- k( ` a) Fast of moral pressure
& Q @6 g- `' s' Q0 ~3 D/ V% n9 c; m b) Hunger strike% b4 K1 y. Z0 J; q7 G ~# e
c) Satyagrahic fast
9 q) G" N7 J9 [/ U0 B 160. Reverse trial
8 s! O1 s9 L7 {/ n" [! c$ ^- W/ Y) y: s* Q 161. Nonviolent harassment# M) k# } W7 e9 G% n1 Z
h, c t$ |- p+ H6 S
Physical Intervention% t- L4 c. A7 g7 |7 t" U1 [/ m
162. Sit-in
) O6 F! g0 _" o/ K T# M" v 163. Stand-in
; V) O4 Q( v7 J; v% y1 x3 U6 f 164. Ride-in
2 N2 b1 V" L0 b 165. Wade-in( ~) W% u, O" `
166. Mill-in
/ u& l/ b q, ^5 r5 F 167. Pray-in; `# c# [- G* Q6 f& a( y
168. Nonviolent raids# M+ |( v$ W5 F3 e; Q7 b+ r
169. Nonviolent air raids6 b, U0 _" F2 \, x- a( Y, n8 p
170. Nonviolent invasion) A6 l. v H. V$ B' V! X H
171. Nonviolent interjection
" l' y- A+ m; _' ?9 ?" s 172. Nonviolent obstruction
, x; V. i2 E+ G' j7 a 173. Nonviolent occupation
X' e" t3 B' ]2 K4 |+ u5 N5 C) l. J+ C" Y4 l+ y
Social Intervention, R, d- J1 r8 s. F/ M
174. Establishing new social patterns: |* _/ h) M& u
175. Overloading of facilities9 z; r. b4 n2 @7 \+ Z
176. Stall-in
0 O( z& }: _, e9 e: W 177. Speak-in( i- A, W1 E$ t) \& s6 K O
178. Guerrilla theater
, K1 a- t8 ]6 O" Q" U 179. Alternative social institutions
; ? i3 p+ I3 S2 ?" t 180. Alternative communication system5 n; s+ i* ~# w( t7 S A" S
; T7 d( D" \( E7 K# l- SEconomic Intervention0 c m6 M; Z: |; H) b! X
181. Reverse strike
7 D' ^9 D; C+ u/ H8 q4 h 182. Stay-in strike: Y8 [+ @; w- x# y( T; _* z
183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ P0 j/ }0 [6 k7 U 184. Defiance of blockades/ d4 H$ i" N. ]1 Q" _0 `
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( V- {; [5 ]% s% K4 F 186. Preclusive purchasing$ _! g: p- e/ Z% [4 u# U. w0 H d
187. Seizure of assets
& }) k [, w% ~$ O5 [ v 188. Dumping5 Q [) l/ v( a4 E% J% U
189. Selective patronage3 g9 x8 w4 ?" w( Z/ {; M
190. Alternative markets5 s" }& V# q1 B
191. Alternative transportation systems
+ {5 k- [8 a5 x% i! y/ \ 192. Alternative economic institutions4 _2 ?5 O' d& t1 _, A0 N
+ D7 s# e- r u9 a p% E7 }Political Intervention
7 X: N# Z1 n8 y3 N3 R! y$ ` 193. Overloading of administrative systems+ O0 W/ C( r( J" s- Y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 b7 r( ]) G. ^ 195. Seeking imprisonment% x8 W$ s4 F- S4 k9 J
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# z9 H& ^& b6 @% m8 K 197. Work-on without collaboration
4 ^$ F% e @9 e( d* j4 @3 M5 a: @- h# @ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
