 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 }( i) q& j9 cFormal Statements
$ ?) s( _/ @2 [, o9 g$ ?2 Z 1. Public Speeches
' \' `' |( s1 F8 [) B/ X7 M4 [8 ` 2. Letters of opposition or support: T* j8 W6 t" d1 I7 h" J
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 o' R9 A7 e6 [- X8 t
4. Signed public statements) b2 R, T) S+ G" s
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 [7 R. O! I8 @7 F* X
6. Group or mass petitions
8 c1 i7 m K: ?/ R+ C& y' k# X
5 c/ S3 y+ R( `' `$ Q9 g) a- g% LCommunications with a Wider Audience; r$ k# S- x0 c |5 A7 U+ `3 s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: @8 f1 y- {& Z+ a- e, r/ W: _
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" `$ |) w8 t' T% S; [1 }9 b* p
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( v8 R- D) S q* a4 b- x
10. Newspapers and journals4 i5 y' r! Z1 l" q7 |& @5 [
11. Records, radio, and television- h' m# C* Z) |/ E5 C$ _
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# d0 |' _6 U" u& e$ N l5 M
; X7 _1 h9 _( B1 `# { dGroup Representations
- }' P% ?7 ^* Y6 g! N# z 13. Deputations
, n) d0 X4 z! ]3 i3 O) F 14. Mock awards
9 d; d5 B. s* L+ q1 A 15. Group lobbying" D7 r9 R0 G0 _. V7 I
16. Picketing
. Z! ?* f& q, h" F3 \$ c2 ~7 g 17. Mock elections( q. o& P# C! c B
& A$ ^$ K5 k% g9 d U
Symbolic Public Acts: z; c# x" ~( b4 b. W' P. M
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ |# s3 `9 X' l# e% T8 D" q
19. Wearing of symbols
J4 m- {4 _* \6 \) e% R 20. Prayer and worship2 f1 C- _5 W) H j
21. Delivering symbolic objects# @4 s* T& r9 o6 f6 x1 y$ J
22. Protest disrobings
) a3 a7 }! H8 ^1 b# o 23. Destruction of own property) T2 y% b8 ^) {! A
24. Symbolic lights
2 s' R6 Q* w# ?6 v0 A3 G 25. Displays of portraits! K! S. C4 B/ K7 v$ F m1 E
26. Paint as protest5 @. X! R6 i. L& d4 w' `( n5 G
27. New signs and names
! m" f4 }" y# t' f+ z- a 28. Symbolic sounds0 U7 d# m+ U7 W5 [
29. Symbolic reclamations: h6 V9 k @' N' J9 A% x- b) q
30. Rude gestures+ s8 Q& {8 U Q
9 X, u6 I$ V L- [4 |+ U/ A* s
Pressures on Individuals! K* U1 _" S8 m. N$ D( u
31. “Haunting” officials$ V* v, s c. b! B9 v" e
32. Taunting officials
' _5 ]" d' ~' H# U 33. Fraternization3 _* m: }$ @1 `; v; C# r
34. Vigils3 B+ A1 v" N/ S) B! e3 w. [* m
% W' m2 T0 ]' s8 xDrama and Music
! O, M4 q- B' { x 35. Humorous skits and pranks) {7 j$ r5 d1 Q# l5 ]. a8 t
36. Performances of plays and music
( E, G. N7 i- H; `7 d# | 37. Singing$ f( k/ q2 p6 \+ X7 y3 S; g
/ u4 N8 ~1 F f' E) K7 W
Processions
+ P' V( q% \. ` V' a( _$ i5 C/ e, Q 38. Marches
+ }, j4 }3 A: V; U4 T7 p5 O 39. Parades+ }. k4 s3 W( G3 t$ W' B( n
40. Religious processions
2 ~7 k2 x1 _+ N! I I( L9 L$ Y4 z 41. Pilgrimages$ D, T$ r# j! h& u9 n. q v6 `) ?6 t2 U
42. Motorcades" c' r2 q. {/ L; k
B! ]. s5 C) K) F2 N" T9 u7 L' I
Honoring the Dead0 m3 p8 W8 v" l+ u+ Y, ~
43. Political mourning
& c; _/ t- D+ h A5 g: L' L* Z2 q, I 44. Mock funerals
; O! _2 R, a1 h- e. Z8 } 45. Demonstrative funerals
* p: i* \. f, d7 s 46. Homage at burial places, h/ x' S k, _9 q0 v1 c
; C7 x' @; A2 `. M1 v" s, q
Public Assemblies
" `& I" G z( K% d" D& J4 c 47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 ~. t, c" P2 O 48. Protest meetings
8 b) S u' F* f; @; s0 r: ?6 z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 Y: q$ R, e& g) Z1 `% M, v. G, _
50. Teach-ins+ F9 ?* z7 R' L" n7 V; Z, z3 I
4 N$ e2 }7 R1 }/ H; V1 {/ n
Withdrawal and Renunciation
E e. ]' m. J. t 51. Walk-outs
7 x' E8 ~' L5 [+ ~ 52. Silence9 D5 ]% u0 D# l/ b2 M1 [
53. Renouncing honors
& C5 H6 Q( e% E 54. Turning one’s back
! x) F1 M0 c% b! ?
0 l& q" q6 r8 _( U/ X ! \# V- J$ F" @" d
: b$ ?, ~- o2 }2 o) ?THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
" M9 ^. q. k* g8 i) l& C% D3 G* p+ z' g
( N4 A% f+ y% k# i$ t
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Ostracism of Persons
9 C! d7 e: g6 Q5 R- o p& q 55. Social boycott' L$ D" r2 K- l+ ?1 |
56. Selective social boycott: J* N/ A1 ^) f5 c
57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 X9 N* B" w( A+ B9 @( E$ C7 h9 E 58. Excommunication
8 Z# y ]5 L' q. S' B6 S( | 59. Interdict f% [6 h& i9 s5 I4 x* u$ l6 h: q
) p7 Y3 @# W" @4 u+ M3 G
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& L: c* V; ~0 C4 c* W5 m8 V1 T
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' d1 J2 x# n. v 61. Boycott of social affairs0 Q0 K8 c# [" r. O0 ^9 u( l
62. Student strike+ F7 @( G) \1 P$ S$ S. D( `) t
63. Social disobedience
4 g$ c/ D) K& x3 i- v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 m% P7 r6 w* n, A
6 Z7 v' L$ A: d/ Z4 B! @' }; wWithdrawal from the Social System$ }! W3 X7 \1 m4 a
65. Stay-at-home7 t# k) c3 h: O
66. Total personal noncooperation: l( R8 P( X$ d7 K
67. “Flight” of workers
4 J; m3 y3 T, _9 N 68. Sanctuary
) y. s0 J' N. ~2 X( h 69. Collective disappearance
) L$ P5 W! e. e" u 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 ?9 [2 H. h Z Z" F
9 z, Z5 C0 K1 m) b* z1 B# ^+ ^ # p6 i/ b, k9 ^( J, ?. ?5 j
9 f% U( u- O1 S. ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 ^/ r/ i: c* g: J3 p( W2 y% ]& n( X& |# c* V Y" p
. d) q2 s2 C+ YActions by Consumers+ I/ ? B: j, T! S6 B4 B8 X, v- `
71. Consumers’ boycott
! m. `( D U& e 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods6 K0 E! x8 A4 [* ?4 k& j% n3 L3 V
73. Policy of austerity+ \/ H$ u9 n( o- M
74. Rent withholding
* \( Q3 @8 X% ~ 75. Refusal to rent5 J: j7 z' ?& s4 @% k
76. National consumers’ boycott
7 ~* m: w" L8 z 77. International consumers’ boycott3 S$ ^9 h3 t% e/ \
( F) n/ o4 T; S$ W/ k: Z
Action by Workers and Producers! R+ f) n4 U4 C/ P* f5 m! u" G/ F
78. Workmen’s boycott: S/ \3 C7 K- a1 w) H" N! K8 W
79. Producers’ boycott& n- T' c- S8 [) ~0 t/ b$ w
. v6 w$ c l/ I$ g3 D3 M; U. N
Action by Middlemen1 E* a3 ?6 J' W) ]" i3 ?! _
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 o8 P2 g6 L; `" I- J8 K+ I3 q' w5 u8 N* @
Action by Owners and Management
$ o% m- E* B3 {8 A 81. Traders’ boycott% o u7 Q# m1 J3 \2 Q! o
82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 a+ F# |1 e8 v' c7 c4 r9 \! I 83. Lockout/ k3 Q9 R- ^4 f0 m
84. Refusal of industrial assistance" d* K" Z6 j& C. @. T) [( r2 f+ ]8 y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- J# U6 R1 L% y! T" w! y3 Y7 D
% g2 }" ^& z1 W/ \2 n: h& dAction by Holders of Financial Resources0 w( M5 }3 Y' k( B$ m; Y& F
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ ?: ^6 |) \% c' S 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 o# ]( m. l3 ` \5 S
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* p! e6 Y& }5 ^& `& A
89. Severance of funds and credit
9 o5 b# f) h X! { 90. Revenue refusal4 l) W+ m2 J k3 _) I9 V
91. Refusal of a government’s money
/ R6 n$ @" D. \ g3 t! @
6 R: }5 h5 [' XAction by Governments
) U) m( K0 ^3 K) j" H; M 92. Domestic embargo( S: i/ w& [3 w
93. Blacklisting of traders2 u( |+ q' c2 K
94. International sellers’ embargo& ^- g. N: I' j: }4 u3 K
95. International buyers’ embargo
$ } N' M; Q, ^% f 96. International trade embargo9 O4 \9 S3 B S1 i
1 o0 Y" q* s9 v g( X
+ s' `4 ]# b' K8 b) L! O* i
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; {4 a- {" N _0 x& x3 k: e7 c
) a$ l/ `. ~9 i3 j
. b: Q) s6 K8 Y! g" P$ ]Symbolic Strikes
+ y4 |* E, c# F) X2 g; E' y 97. Protest strike
- d- y1 B# @- R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# d3 N: A' e1 q
5 a- O$ d# N' y1 Z$ UAgricultural Strikes# u( H4 Q+ o2 V0 W/ \1 ?# |
99. Peasant strike3 T! H$ O) ?4 S$ }4 c& {
100. Farm Workers’ strike* ^. J7 s& U; S
+ J& ?. u. V8 ?9 M0 W0 i& K6 iStrikes by Special Groups0 _* r* t. ]/ |- G g& `8 E
101. Refusal of impressed labor) v; ?% }! U( X) W2 O0 V0 E. q6 }1 Q
102. Prisoners’ strike
0 h7 E, @9 d P) n* V/ v 103. Craft strike! U9 {; s0 k' \0 p6 F* D
104. Professional strike
. ?; E4 Y* C. x# @/ C. ?4 Z) U& m8 l
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 }6 A. J0 c# F: S 105. Establishment strike* o3 Y* s2 n' I. ^
106. Industry strike9 B3 _- h5 E8 r4 l4 Y
107. Sympathetic strike2 }! P& Y1 z) X
& O6 ?; X5 ?1 S8 |
Restricted Strikes
* E0 Z% j5 e! a3 S$ o$ t+ O, w' F% G 108. Detailed strike
8 C v# X$ z# \- V$ }, ?; J' L1 H( G 109. Bumper strike
& O( @, A7 {8 d 110. Slowdown strike
+ s" y/ b# S, q D. q2 [ 111. Working-to-rule strike& o: j7 N; u* G( F& U
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ p- |! s- A U! |8 X 113. Strike by resignation
. D9 Y* B2 [& { 114. Limited strike
" R" r8 W$ ^, h5 u" \$ ?" S 115. Selective strike# V( L; f; e9 @# f, J" g1 d
6 L* h: t ^, F' b
Multi-Industry Strikes
. d) v: V; d2 ?6 s- B% V* `) H
) @ j& g5 ]" I* x 116. Generalized strike' K, M, A% [+ W# K/ T
6 T& t7 K$ ~! | 117. General strike
) h; z9 V0 Z" d! v- i5 q! k; o0 c: \& h, F) U# M5 `/ S
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
0 @# ]) c- [# \& x6 D/ y( L, V# X7 A/ {9 a
118. Hartal( _& n0 F& j( B8 |' y) `# e7 d9 i/ J
" `# W& V Y# e5 L
119. Economic shutdown
1 A5 S3 t- t1 ?- Y- @/ C) b' d4 X! `' g" d" N5 Z5 W
3 t0 ~, C3 D3 H, x4 y. U+ \
) k1 e% z. ~6 ?- R5 \+ G$ c$ FTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
; N2 {6 E) V, J, d( z& n
2 x( w7 z2 r H5 R) I2 L 8 T- j7 b* s2 E3 o3 K! z$ k: S/ R
Rejection of Authority8 n; B4 z5 u2 ~& B: ~- H
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 j ^) {$ S3 I
121. Refusal of public support: ~7 H2 y# z, ?
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( O" r' v& W" J) |
2 a1 B* l) B# E, M. u( }0 @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! J. c5 {) Z; w7 G8 Q0 R1 D
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
|4 h; ^& r: B5 D3 J8 a, i2 j 124. Boycott of elections( [9 F# {/ |2 @
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( a# T& K) L' b, t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 b4 Z' U# y/ a6 A0 d' O! m 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# a' c4 N4 L* d% V9 N1 H0 Y4 z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# {& ] d5 U+ P- t2 ?
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 [- L2 }, K( A$ O* b
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ A; I4 N! w5 C1 E8 E$ p, O 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* ^- W3 V/ A. \( d" g4 t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* m: Q# o" U3 r7 \
- I6 L5 ~3 m+ R' q6 I
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! w1 t9 X$ P) g) f; B6 n
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; r+ V4 U- I5 [) l$ S e 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- C+ t6 h0 ?' l: d
135. Popular nonobedience% ^7 V$ Q) y2 r3 A( F
136. Disguised disobedience
8 f% x/ E1 ^& M% Q4 Y( M6 y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: t" R9 w- P, a& H6 M" \1 ]" N
138. Sitdown$ w- N( j# @( s# r m
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 g$ ~0 p1 q! V0 L' \# D* \ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" C- ]+ S y% P& q1 W" j* m 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& E6 ^3 Z( u! H
1 D- x4 ?5 G& O3 ]Action by Government Personnel
; z& I# Y6 t/ |: | 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, p. J) E) m3 d4 \. e: A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 f* b; @6 y7 g% S: [- _* z8 }( |. N6 D 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ G: j9 v' S6 k; I& o# j 145. General administrative noncooperation& a' j1 Z* @7 z8 z7 @, S5 b
, ]! r' N* B9 y" d' Z" X, J 146. Judicial noncooperation
' W3 i; |) V! m0 G: q- Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. u8 m2 }$ o/ H: c- m2 x7 h 148. Mutiny$ Q) h: J7 q& i m
Domestic Governmental Action
8 ]) Y$ @. W" q# v! U 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* a$ a+ o/ {+ N" [ f
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- P& k) S& i! b# {3 Y
/ ]. \, j& t2 p GInternational Governmental Action
2 N" o/ \7 O; }" l7 G! l! G 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 E& _3 _. q; |' j' V/ e: h
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 N+ l; x. N2 D 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition |" b5 _9 G5 D7 f
154. Severance of diplomatic relations) M. H' S/ s2 L7 w4 H0 R+ T
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 m# q, k5 _! q& h7 T- r 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 v$ s+ A/ e' y 157. Expulsion from international organizations: q" Q, K; T/ n; V7 y7 P
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% f" k; C+ @. y( e. WTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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2 m/ Q- g7 K. V+ B. S 5 g9 h/ m( J6 O$ i$ }
Psychological Intervention
8 B0 m! J) @3 G8 A5 E9 `" u 158. Self-exposure to the elements( H4 W3 X5 B0 i' p
159. The fast) K% v1 i( h. d
a) Fast of moral pressure, W" U) @" F% ?/ H
b) Hunger strike
5 C& U& ~$ H# W/ X1 m c) Satyagrahic fast* y6 b6 r9 |: f- H
160. Reverse trial
& r" b* G; ^, J% Y! D( t 161. Nonviolent harassment
H. z- E3 G2 O% r
( A3 {% ?, Z0 M7 @' z# y) \Physical Intervention
5 ^; T* r' X3 q! O* t 162. Sit-in3 H7 I" O: @, |! f2 U
163. Stand-in
^' F+ F1 I1 w* ^, _9 k2 E* M! y5 f2 h 164. Ride-in2 x6 o. W O* U: e
165. Wade-in
' U; v0 k* f# n* A# C 166. Mill-in
( U y& ~8 |% p. G1 d 167. Pray-in0 M& }7 A& ^3 s5 T1 @
168. Nonviolent raids, _5 v: e4 K# n( y
169. Nonviolent air raids
8 x9 p. R5 U" {2 x3 v 170. Nonviolent invasion4 u5 }4 V8 X+ Q. S* D* B# Y
171. Nonviolent interjection3 T, s. M6 ]/ P5 f
172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ n7 ]9 W! u3 R 173. Nonviolent occupation
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: S# y# ?7 [: D1 ]Social Intervention) i& \' l6 E& T. c! {4 m2 Q6 R
174. Establishing new social patterns
; T) M, U; q7 F, t 175. Overloading of facilities) o, M/ E2 w" S7 p* E- C2 s- N
176. Stall-in: f# F' w) X- ~/ @+ X- g
177. Speak-in
1 o: a$ W4 c8 Z( E 178. Guerrilla theater$ P' W, E0 z$ ?
179. Alternative social institutions
7 o D* ^% c& {5 A4 t0 h# U( u 180. Alternative communication system
, o X* V( G6 l) Y( v$ p4 X4 \# y" F3 ~
Economic Intervention
* D5 w5 q" U3 T# s 181. Reverse strike
1 H; P. i5 @5 M5 o L# k/ k 182. Stay-in strike
( Q) D) O3 S2 f2 P" B6 G 183. Nonviolent land seizure, |% x5 I5 Z; P* @) d
184. Defiance of blockades
: K% e* v& l; _2 O, A0 k 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; c5 k# y( \' q3 a) d$ ?
186. Preclusive purchasing# G% {4 u& J% X0 x T
187. Seizure of assets0 Y, }; u/ |0 B
188. Dumping% G f* N+ O6 i8 M# d3 d1 ?; g h/ v$ E
189. Selective patronage% g: `6 A# A7 Y) j
190. Alternative markets% m& K. M5 ?! Q5 F& \; r
191. Alternative transportation systems
- x. b" A+ C1 N# d2 G 192. Alternative economic institutions/ X" _: s8 T" D6 ^
G6 g ]: t+ g6 d0 b% I8 Z7 Q
Political Intervention
) S l. |( {. G8 T9 |/ w6 s/ p 193. Overloading of administrative systems
* e; V6 z4 k) C5 G- {* e- c 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* @% F- d. _( E& g7 C- s
195. Seeking imprisonment
@6 r& B# y \ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 A$ Y/ H+ }; r& O Q% O 197. Work-on without collaboration
$ A1 Y& E9 G* @8 V) Z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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