 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" c3 a' r! v d8 p( C% @0 }Formal Statements9 C$ _9 F* ~% D8 t% O; l/ p' H
1. Public Speeches
5 n' d3 M' q/ \2 L ~4 h. j 2. Letters of opposition or support
0 N3 X! f8 X- {1 e$ k- e7 ? 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ L- h, U- C# l# O 4. Signed public statements
' `5 d; i- }, l 5. Declarations of indictment and intention* C" ]6 P9 q& P" h: _0 i4 N4 b
6. Group or mass petitions5 @! J5 R+ {' Q- U- n
- i" R, m! t$ d8 n7 t
Communications with a Wider Audience, S. s+ ]# G% V# v! a+ E) ~4 U2 _
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ k% v5 n6 P) L ?' W0 C$ k 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' w' z& m0 l' H# F% A9 |3 F! W 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: b. t3 G, p% T# F
10. Newspapers and journals
/ ?1 P0 k* j& ~- i$ Y" H 11. Records, radio, and television
: s% Z4 V$ a' l+ `) |- O 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 [! b# N6 J" q, k
- ` j: S, z3 HGroup Representations2 u* y' ]0 w7 U" f0 ]& r) A% v
13. Deputations
9 m3 d1 T' b2 a% f$ s) ]0 \4 f 14. Mock awards3 V& d- j, b. T
15. Group lobbying9 J$ F/ l3 s, G: {, n
16. Picketing
& M$ `) Z: R* P- z5 f3 @9 z 17. Mock elections8 `- G7 a/ t' k2 W
* `4 P0 C2 f- r) o9 ]% B' }4 y; e6 \9 w4 ^Symbolic Public Acts$ o1 c% _# M" i- J r& V
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( W. N# I& W6 U5 h" \% Y/ W# G [
19. Wearing of symbols
- R" u. L' N( a8 J' M+ o 20. Prayer and worship7 ?+ h8 S: p5 M9 ]8 `# x
21. Delivering symbolic objects9 ~+ Z2 H" Z% |, J v
22. Protest disrobings& G8 {2 ~. |* k# X. B8 C
23. Destruction of own property
7 C: D9 x3 h5 ? 24. Symbolic lights* F, Q& p$ `6 H' j" I+ D; e
25. Displays of portraits: w& {6 {( N* _
26. Paint as protest: ?* L% A% V3 [1 t, N) d* U
27. New signs and names$ b+ k. x1 n; `1 S% H3 F
28. Symbolic sounds7 x' A p6 M5 @" d- `5 i
29. Symbolic reclamations
$ x4 s: G: R& \; W5 i 30. Rude gestures! }. g! ]1 N" u% F
; [5 ]2 R! L7 N" @6 t0 b0 kPressures on Individuals
2 l7 N9 }) ~. X- r 31. “Haunting” officials
4 j5 E% n2 {% z8 ]2 \ 32. Taunting officials3 U \7 @! y6 I+ \+ \) r
33. Fraternization8 X1 \7 q$ Z1 T9 p3 [
34. Vigils. j) O$ ~$ d% x' o0 \
: B; X, h/ l( K ^1 \6 dDrama and Music
# `# C3 n, |, u- x0 l w9 ` o 35. Humorous skits and pranks0 l2 U7 f7 {7 W( Z! w, h
36. Performances of plays and music
/ T, Z* l! Z1 K. s; K3 B 37. Singing
; e8 }5 G, n3 r) C: f8 c. H* B; `" |8 E/ j1 q' ^% |' o
Processions
1 @ x: `8 `9 h7 T 38. Marches
5 K; ^3 x. o3 |. V4 ?1 C 39. Parades
! { q' N) h4 [2 y 40. Religious processions
% F2 i6 f; Y& F2 w8 Y, t0 u 41. Pilgrimages( N) b; c0 K6 H# ?3 Y: t6 Z
42. Motorcades7 ^8 h/ _! ]: v5 E4 K
4 g: u1 j1 Q* p6 i* I
Honoring the Dead+ {4 c7 [# J! G7 A! ] ^' r
43. Political mourning' R: }& M- G& _- f% d
44. Mock funerals( e2 ~% [& M& v2 }! H% _. Q" M' G
45. Demonstrative funerals K. z+ }3 P6 Y' n* c
46. Homage at burial places
6 R- L& a! _1 F3 A- ]+ |8 W7 f* i3 z3 B$ N: _
Public Assemblies7 K- T4 [ P# P" t2 n P& T
47. Assemblies of protest or support3 p2 b: B/ a+ P* I/ ^: ?
48. Protest meetings# ]: P$ S) o+ T" V/ R; I) ? `7 Q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 g' T' @* V! m% T0 x# r5 o 50. Teach-ins
/ K+ a; ~7 ^* s) q; P: y$ N. m! C
Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 z6 r5 ?* [5 o0 R7 R" T* h 51. Walk-outs+ R9 r2 h, ~! w6 P
52. Silence
! k4 b8 f0 i" r) v | 53. Renouncing honors
8 n7 [, |; {2 k3 v 54. Turning one’s back
7 `% v+ s6 B8 b$ m. z1 C3 c: C |8 C; E. y& X
+ c7 n* \2 E" |$ N
4 m, l. d% q; N' ?+ Y# M( [; wTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 o' e/ w+ o+ E+ i4 Q2 h" {) F: g8 |9 j$ p5 M4 T7 _
* p' K& M4 |2 o o, b
5 v" \& n I6 YOstracism of Persons
S/ g8 J7 H5 Y( j# t7 {: D 55. Social boycott' S! Q- n) V2 j" z/ p
56. Selective social boycott
+ k2 u8 q! d# I 57. Lysistratic nonaction" q% w+ o1 B; J0 @6 c$ t: A
58. Excommunication
2 ?' }" u6 N3 ]2 `9 e/ } 59. Interdict
% u; B. M% {6 A: V- k ]0 l1 c
& a; e$ D$ E7 bNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; `* c$ [- O0 @1 X1 P
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 L" d; J. K$ \0 h6 d' Z) N 61. Boycott of social affairs1 o% S9 o1 w& ] [3 c2 a* O
62. Student strike2 m9 w' p7 O! R" h" F2 g' l' u
63. Social disobedience& l: R6 R! r$ A5 Z b
64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 t- U5 R" }* d! v, F' g
2 Q! X. \1 c, v4 {' V# s/ F
Withdrawal from the Social System! B* p* |$ h- a, K' m$ [( G( i
65. Stay-at-home# j0 c& M1 E: i' }1 b
66. Total personal noncooperation
M( n p) p( w. U" |9 P 67. “Flight” of workers
: r1 l& t2 f3 G 68. Sanctuary
3 F3 q) y' [0 q& ~6 N 69. Collective disappearance
& J9 R6 \, b* a. L! ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' H0 Q3 w& [8 J& @- G' R6 |
% v0 \* J0 a/ \% U8 I
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 m" O- k0 x2 l4 v X+ R
$ l( @ ?) N$ p6 ^# o% a " M6 Z ?: \( j1 T E/ X; G4 M
Actions by Consumers
) P8 m: K: x( \9 K5 s* h: v 71. Consumers’ boycott
) y) v8 b, @* l# w1 T 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; ]. s9 H- R2 `. A5 c6 ?" o
73. Policy of austerity/ `0 y. _1 Q- _7 p* _5 B' u
74. Rent withholding
! l8 G5 J! E( B8 e# P 75. Refusal to rent" K8 }+ J8 B" F5 ?7 U; W
76. National consumers’ boycott
, n5 B+ p6 D0 H1 ^ 77. International consumers’ boycott$ P. `4 L+ }0 g- T* J- q. v
; A: V( A# h9 b/ Y' R
Action by Workers and Producers
8 y: T+ g8 }4 F: m, k+ U0 Z 78. Workmen’s boycott
: o1 o$ \) a; s6 X1 Z8 | 79. Producers’ boycott# b8 r( o; U8 V2 |3 @3 o
- l6 F& e' c% C# ^, O: ]
Action by Middlemen% O& ^7 o; h* t5 E9 W
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: q/ O, A, u( B" o$ x
# m& x+ A3 W1 @: I4 L( a& J
Action by Owners and Management# s4 l3 O1 [+ _6 H
81. Traders’ boycott
6 y6 B4 r6 h3 r7 L } 82. Refusal to let or sell property2 V) V& _ j5 W2 k8 m; S. @
83. Lockout
O9 {) r: J1 c1 e/ {% l D; [ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance) f |- f5 n% `; j) D4 b$ A
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& j0 ^' S% [6 G2 v' }
2 n' S5 b3 M6 @+ }/ V) `Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. T K! H/ F& M 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% _. P d$ V h h+ D
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) ^4 ~1 X+ l, _5 s 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest k N; z2 t! e a" }
89. Severance of funds and credit1 T8 [/ M8 a8 b2 O6 V+ m
90. Revenue refusal! i7 _. |. a# z, p- y2 q
91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 M& M5 Y( ?3 h# q2 x5 G$ C0 y: u
& K4 z E5 Z0 Z/ m& V7 T6 T: N5 c, AAction by Governments2 \& g0 o! D0 v, {
92. Domestic embargo
! B# ?! z" k$ q9 d5 D' v& E 93. Blacklisting of traders4 `& e3 M6 B+ Z$ ?" W* ^
94. International sellers’ embargo u6 ?, E9 A# y7 y% F w/ T
95. International buyers’ embargo
& \7 T7 V6 k+ o- P 96. International trade embargo
, m( f* `$ Z7 n, T" o! A+ M; e7 c2 v% v9 X V- r
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
+ g6 Z. |3 K/ J1 |1 u
7 p X! Z! v) u% y q6 J) A " {" H! c! t3 }- V8 M! H! b- G
Symbolic Strikes
( G8 h5 q) w- U: ^( w: A0 d 97. Protest strike
# S! ]+ ?8 ^) Q* i+ Z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 U9 P# w) R R/ S, `: r5 p4 L
$ J3 j/ }7 i) I( p+ o. W$ ?Agricultural Strikes# a0 E( |7 x( E2 S# e' S( f
99. Peasant strike% c- K& z3 T6 z
100. Farm Workers’ strike" H' G" i' i0 z+ U
( B( _5 s" Y/ y, G/ l+ l
Strikes by Special Groups, U* h' d% ^! u
101. Refusal of impressed labor
- I, y) w7 B& Y3 L# e* J$ o9 u' t 102. Prisoners’ strike
: u! ?8 K! Q' O1 Y$ ] 103. Craft strike4 M* J/ n X4 n/ [/ H
104. Professional strike" B. a- E8 P/ t; L; ?8 A( U- g
B1 \2 X* P8 l+ A+ b7 R+ QOrdinary Industrial Strikes. r! u8 A6 r: I1 m/ `# P
105. Establishment strike- W: g& n( j# G+ j$ c2 q3 H
106. Industry strike
& ^( [/ |( t7 H5 M, E; R 107. Sympathetic strike
1 K; i7 F# _/ Y& t, A, A5 d: \9 N5 w- M* a- X" k0 j3 [
Restricted Strikes
m3 e" L- P( ^# v) e4 R6 T1 c2 ]% Q 108. Detailed strike
4 V+ o- v6 C) i' X" k: m 109. Bumper strike8 Z+ j- h9 m: @7 Z3 M2 \) m' l
110. Slowdown strike$ j# R7 D: l; E& Q
111. Working-to-rule strike
. S' i; b& x/ i1 E 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ B* t0 b: W: ?% K" H2 M
113. Strike by resignation
- |4 H, T" f$ D( l4 H! X. w+ V0 S) }! \ 114. Limited strike
+ M4 N+ {, C' A) K1 L2 A0 ^2 J 115. Selective strike
0 \& O# V& d$ B+ ~' v( b; i$ W, M* T
Multi-Industry Strikes
! y9 q% g6 G9 h+ G" B. q4 Y6 ~
- H6 y# ~( P" |# L: B- B 116. Generalized strike: h8 L/ B' o% C/ f( `5 F
- w6 @! P3 g. X; v9 e 117. General strike
# Y3 K3 ]6 w' h7 o/ e; z& K- g5 F( \7 ]" W1 q, D6 S
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 Z2 I8 H8 H0 g& p) R3 e8 ^
1 a5 ~7 g3 b7 x" q
118. Hartal& \4 L. S5 H( ?
' p4 S6 c. k4 E$ v* t% K6 V1 V
119. Economic shutdown; P$ a7 r N7 d+ F! L/ h
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3 E7 H4 { [# k8 L$ X( a1 R; ]6 A! |. G3 C( a+ F4 L9 M6 j
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 {: h _5 v0 M' j6 N+ E
% n: i/ f. o" E2 ]
) }" V- j1 J9 b; k1 cRejection of Authority
/ f: L% K3 f2 O5 f 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& {4 y/ M/ h" }. y& r; p
121. Refusal of public support6 j6 T" y' N+ u# h" ~7 t
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% f! N5 n# f( L7 {
+ o" n& U: }4 k, f O ACitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ }2 A @5 {) S# @5 Y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% V4 ~% m1 j7 n% h/ f
124. Boycott of elections+ M F/ y. K* f( c) A" D' w" \4 Y0 N
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% ?, q! k; A8 ]8 ] g3 S 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 j0 r6 Q9 u7 s6 H* \ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- P) s6 p) _ X; m. V 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' J" A" M/ h) N. h
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. q( b2 Y+ W8 f9 {! E- V A Y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 m5 F) I! _% a' }9 Z/ `9 L7 q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! w5 t# |( h3 m* D$ H3 ^ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
A' z K* W2 f' j, B) o0 |
9 e3 a9 l6 X* V1 qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ Y) T4 m' e! g9 F* a, H$ x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ B* Z1 s9 g, e2 e 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; \3 B, r# N# r D' ~4 ?+ g 135. Popular nonobedience
, s7 |$ W4 N8 Y5 N. d) I 136. Disguised disobedience
. ?$ V! F1 C* f) H; T0 \6 | 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, H4 R# C; l, p) W6 j V
138. Sitdown' ]4 Z% ?: c8 y7 { t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 n% i' P. {) |* e4 q9 W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( c5 ~) A" n$ O2 Y8 P: C) n0 B 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ a2 b3 |+ [. X& s& ]$ S( P) ?
" G* l2 \! [, G6 uAction by Government Personnel! z, @/ _& c4 T7 I9 p, `
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 Q$ d2 k! q2 J- g( o, M
143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 `" Z# @1 ?* E6 [* k: u9 B5 C
144. Stalling and obstruction$ n, X/ S& w4 k2 M$ _# B. M
145. General administrative noncooperation: B$ u- f' a) |! b
! ?9 E1 z, W4 q 146. Judicial noncooperation+ c' `4 _3 n% S( c2 T$ |/ z) K
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! @, {& M: G5 `+ e+ x; z' I- Q
148. Mutiny
4 T( j# Q }( P/ |Domestic Governmental Action
! v! k X/ Q; ~2 H6 |1 ] 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. q* z4 R" x8 f" J, }* u 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* V# _7 v0 ^" Y/ [' B$ Y
, M0 {0 D0 X5 x$ DInternational Governmental Action
0 {" P+ U- K; q# v 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ [3 J6 {- v; s5 r/ h+ f2 @ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% x* @4 U2 u& d7 n7 u2 C 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" J" e* i6 f3 T( V
154. Severance of diplomatic relations* [' ?8 @. M3 X2 i% b: }
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 u+ x: ?. _# ~5 ]( n, \8 Q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies h* u- z7 I/ s k9 e
157. Expulsion from international organizations
+ x) R% Y' w( Z1 F& Q0 [" T7 o7 A
6 c- S. Q2 ?+ n; y( Q
( K, \$ C) F* ]9 _7 E
/ s" i- W3 z& p! ^THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
3 E4 J1 U' p/ m2 @1 s# T/ x7 X5 F6 a1 y* z# f
; b; z7 V. ]- V
Psychological Intervention% R; i; s; o. t3 N: l+ s) N
158. Self-exposure to the elements
" Q; v; P1 L8 y8 N! L 159. The fast
% M- n. h* v8 t/ f a) Fast of moral pressure
- a6 S& L+ p% ]1 Y! P0 X b) Hunger strike
$ g3 z8 Z/ M$ `$ {; |9 T c) Satyagrahic fast' T- I2 J; u1 o" B! c
160. Reverse trial8 S9 y# y, z( ?
161. Nonviolent harassment; R8 e7 Z/ _5 ~5 {0 q g; j) H
" u; h4 A5 |. o5 n# {1 [
Physical Intervention
! K# e+ o) W( X' e5 H8 b5 B 162. Sit-in' v* `2 k. {$ F; N
163. Stand-in
$ J# y8 p+ h: f8 W; t 164. Ride-in# _. L, Y D# h7 b& @
165. Wade-in
) o' w- r6 }- d* y 166. Mill-in
, _0 Y, f1 | D1 p6 F- k- p 167. Pray-in0 v' j* x, F/ R' C
168. Nonviolent raids- V% O; f. P0 i3 d' W1 h& p' _
169. Nonviolent air raids8 w& n0 E) r: G+ d8 z$ S
170. Nonviolent invasion
$ O. j3 D8 ?: w6 Q/ X 171. Nonviolent interjection
" R/ v' S3 Q, ]- s9 \ 172. Nonviolent obstruction& g1 S, C% m% M; G- B
173. Nonviolent occupation
0 P" c# C2 J, w; G% D, c& C
) {' `1 S7 H% L# n0 aSocial Intervention
! z4 J7 a; }) e% u. t, \* G9 F! m 174. Establishing new social patterns! L/ ]2 _, |* @+ x
175. Overloading of facilities: @' B! M* {1 `* y3 Z1 O0 ^
176. Stall-in; [ ~9 ?! a5 G7 M, C
177. Speak-in b2 _' W* _0 o/ {
178. Guerrilla theater8 v0 G6 W: u; p
179. Alternative social institutions( T9 s9 d) p5 Q `% F6 |8 g
180. Alternative communication system
9 Z5 ~7 q# m! C) g
" Z2 O$ [2 ~1 D, G% N0 `' FEconomic Intervention
; F. L+ @5 q$ c 181. Reverse strike
3 B k/ W5 q( R) U) O 182. Stay-in strike$ ~1 y0 ^1 A6 k% q
183. Nonviolent land seizure
" H4 L, C0 ]! D3 r | 184. Defiance of blockades7 P( n b4 `" {! n" U& q3 {
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 j. \' T) N- s) y0 y* r9 S. {
186. Preclusive purchasing3 }) a! \7 e L
187. Seizure of assets7 ~! Y( V/ h, y
188. Dumping
V7 U; Y) G; e2 Z& T" A 189. Selective patronage
' N: |- o. W+ D5 Q6 P. p 190. Alternative markets/ Q+ G: L1 ^, Y# n
191. Alternative transportation systems
! z, \) m7 v7 K& L( M8 T+ o 192. Alternative economic institutions
/ p7 V' w) G7 I' L4 y
% v( p, _9 a/ h! d6 [Political Intervention% z* Z( l5 j% ~5 \3 z- o
193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 W& P V* C# m 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 o. R) i2 U. c: f+ e, M y 195. Seeking imprisonment b# v q9 Y+ B$ r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" o/ h4 ~! ?5 k# u, D0 a 197. Work-on without collaboration, f1 e- E# z- A$ G+ {; ^
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. H8 i) u1 }; q* c8 q$ V% ~4 }
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
