 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ i. e: \+ y5 _+ y9 M2 j+ j$ vFormal Statements, t% m& ]* |3 }# y8 |# `
1. Public Speeches: e6 D; @: y- {" K! X$ P
2. Letters of opposition or support
) g$ P) h& r8 |2 o3 U; L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 ]9 \% r" z3 x( Q* o) O) l 4. Signed public statements
! L; P1 }% l* s6 a 5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 j5 H* t) B/ K; B" p0 e+ P' K4 P( p
6. Group or mass petitions
6 d+ R* d/ \# y6 e: O/ J4 c6 l0 b- c4 S, o0 s
Communications with a Wider Audience
P% ?" S& P1 h1 l6 { 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 [( y3 I. D# G3 h) k ^ X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ l& T5 }! M- G; w; m4 ]/ m8 t 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" B q3 T- n7 z$ v5 I$ _ 10. Newspapers and journals" N" C* a# w+ X H6 U+ w
11. Records, radio, and television, K) T( e$ Q# C h
12. Skywriting and earthwriting( Y- b+ U7 j3 y/ W, ~: F
' @0 U& a" b$ b' }- J! uGroup Representations6 o2 z8 Y" K/ H x$ p
13. Deputations, E, h2 ~7 ]5 p" h2 u# G
14. Mock awards* Z, u. K5 `( x& X
15. Group lobbying
& ?% a% T# _/ \2 O 16. Picketing4 b0 u! ?, A* c% V7 h* }
17. Mock elections' O/ p/ S( l4 ]
% b. s& w. E" m6 ]3 W+ u; R7 V
Symbolic Public Acts9 K$ U8 G# {$ f' l
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( X, t( ~6 g, M3 i* g3 n 19. Wearing of symbols
4 b$ N2 E- m. s5 V3 v# j 20. Prayer and worship2 S! c& g9 U2 o3 Y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
# \6 @4 m, ?3 }. |5 k$ n 22. Protest disrobings K- z' k% L# V8 F1 t
23. Destruction of own property
- z; k4 p( T- z+ ~) } 24. Symbolic lights
0 o; H- N, t8 b4 M" S 25. Displays of portraits
4 Q( F) m+ I7 p% L& m& @ 26. Paint as protest( |. h7 O, K8 J1 t% Q" ]$ ]
27. New signs and names
w/ N& u; F0 M% W 28. Symbolic sounds1 w/ U3 u( H1 N- |! n
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 T; n( [( C+ R' V0 H& f 30. Rude gestures
% v0 ^1 N- X6 h; v3 l/ z
; S! [ {# @* J. s9 h# pPressures on Individuals
- f, J7 a% D6 r# f+ ^ 31. “Haunting” officials. r/ @# ?' ?5 {9 |+ g0 R. q. g# C
32. Taunting officials X8 c2 _% Y8 L+ T1 z' g) U$ r8 p$ x
33. Fraternization( s% p) _* J, H6 b0 W' d: d# p# N
34. Vigils) e3 A# n# z% ^6 `
6 G( j9 }( t, j; I/ P8 U* ^* jDrama and Music
6 W* p' D; g ]3 t0 C. X 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ [3 E6 l0 f5 z B" d6 p2 E 36. Performances of plays and music
. ?- ^! p' g; e0 o 37. Singing
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, L, j( I: B5 g H5 H( O, P. a5 HProcessions
$ a0 n+ B2 e$ z1 _' h 38. Marches
- D) W2 Y# i* H 39. Parades
3 W2 B( n: d9 o: z6 | 40. Religious processions, [( q- z% J- G; c! B1 ~. C
41. Pilgrimages
( y$ N! @( z! G7 D 42. Motorcades0 K/ Y9 w+ Z2 I" H- A0 X4 _# ?6 o
' C8 A- ^) m# CHonoring the Dead
+ |* a* r' T. l8 ]1 b! Z$ q9 {3 d 43. Political mourning- W5 w' M# s9 M6 }, ~+ D% T& \
44. Mock funerals
8 b y; M2 @6 G- v7 F3 m" K+ s# Z 45. Demonstrative funerals
9 i8 T! P4 e4 R' F8 ]" O5 n 46. Homage at burial places
# S S* V! n+ [5 p2 m' r+ \" ?3 L9 V8 ~- `& J. t* x* q
Public Assemblies8 K( Y% W( B" W8 k3 g) U( @
47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 e+ x' X: K) D5 M, d, F 48. Protest meetings
' j) j" T- F4 p# O3 _( c' I9 v 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' Q+ f0 \: q* ^% x5 U 50. Teach-ins
q$ \$ O2 m7 q& |/ |
2 W) L1 C7 {7 K o: f8 Z, |Withdrawal and Renunciation% V" [% V& f# C5 Q' O
51. Walk-outs, b# w6 n4 U7 V# {8 @8 Y5 z) X' y
52. Silence% E, G2 r5 k7 a, H# R
53. Renouncing honors
% F! x! H) J! ?9 @! s' f% o 54. Turning one’s back/ |1 p8 v: O" k8 G& `
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 U: J" @6 U' J" p
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" ? g/ Y3 r& f; QOstracism of Persons0 q r, h6 ^* @6 m9 L
55. Social boycott% W/ `' m7 h1 ?( Z2 r
56. Selective social boycott* H0 K) {6 X ^! ~
57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 {$ U N5 D, _- y" G( ?7 _ 58. Excommunication3 n% A# D* w8 y W I1 \) _
59. Interdict
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. \3 G0 ~8 g$ Y$ ?( ~+ ^9 v% SNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 N7 _2 g+ b3 @! H/ f$ Q c 60. Suspension of social and sports activities @) g. B) W6 V, A
61. Boycott of social affairs
* s0 K4 S$ p* F7 s$ U 62. Student strike
% d/ R; K" ~* @; r! q" u( f- q 63. Social disobedience
8 @- m- @" x# d, w8 H 64. Withdrawal from social institutions, { v/ S" H6 Z1 V3 T9 R9 y4 H" `
# ]! d$ H7 _, l. ^& m# f9 }Withdrawal from the Social System
( ?* \" U' u, s+ q( C& H( v 65. Stay-at-home/ P- Q8 m' L7 w
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 d3 e' o1 u' N$ ]0 ~( f 67. “Flight” of workers
" G4 u7 W5 I$ N) p 68. Sanctuary1 ^+ i7 c& T V# Z; h
69. Collective disappearance. q, D' J) h% ~4 _( ?$ P# G3 J4 \
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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& Y; |% d n/ D( R1 E9 a0 O! b+ LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
) ?5 ?. H, _, z, Q+ [. E 71. Consumers’ boycott, I, K9 ]: m) K1 D6 y m1 n) M
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' F0 p* c1 U8 p
73. Policy of austerity7 W3 q9 L& x- }% J3 A8 w
74. Rent withholding
4 r. `$ v" T2 t6 z% ? 75. Refusal to rent
S8 N! e' [2 ]# z 76. National consumers’ boycott
) s8 U4 C* o3 i& O+ y. ~ 77. International consumers’ boycott
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/ T6 {, ?% R. L! @' Z5 F) n! nAction by Workers and Producers# C, y' Y, W& k) U' {1 f7 G/ I; G; v
78. Workmen’s boycott
9 G0 W' z% y4 Z, n) ^" } 79. Producers’ boycott2 i" Q7 O' v6 T' C2 k: y
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Action by Middlemen1 U8 R2 l! D( @: a* C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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% U \$ W# b6 b* fAction by Owners and Management
" J4 O/ X9 W8 J: N; T- j8 T 81. Traders’ boycott
% g2 y; t# n; F& R: ]/ ^6 u3 u 82. Refusal to let or sell property
, A o# W6 @+ O 83. Lockout T' S& ^6 _& K z3 i! w7 t# Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 u, E* B) m# S1 W |% ? 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& c. ?- l+ l' X- S3 _9 }3 @: ^2 o X4 [5 \- a- E
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 O$ Q5 T, |& T" `* z/ f: ^ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 _% S, H) ]/ g# R/ H# `9 O# M 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 R* Y& V: I$ W7 t+ ]2 ~ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% c) ?, L W# U5 p2 v7 M" v 89. Severance of funds and credit
& `6 O O$ m$ j+ X! v4 H& E" N 90. Revenue refusal
5 W* O6 d% t0 A+ i% i, P 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 s% b5 Q* G- u
z f: B: G! h4 ^1 [2 y$ g
Action by Governments
g/ B% q d+ K 92. Domestic embargo j# f/ m; g, V5 ~$ @3 }! `- a
93. Blacklisting of traders& }, l! n/ b0 ^5 F* J0 ~
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 s% G% W' K M6 d9 Q4 }. p- C 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ Z2 G1 c/ x. `! m5 N0 p- M 96. International trade embargo. i( M+ R! W B3 _
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$ g3 m1 h( Y9 U2 M5 Y& r0 y. ~' C( gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: B- |( m, H+ h5 r
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Symbolic Strikes
( g* n# p6 s; ^- k' i) |. O9 ? 97. Protest strike! K x o/ C1 N8 ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" {# Y0 d% q& y+ F" h* f
; v0 q) B- x+ h2 gAgricultural Strikes2 O! D6 X+ C. r9 c
99. Peasant strike
. B7 c( F! s! E7 @: q: f 100. Farm Workers’ strike: V* P/ m0 [" W! o. a; [9 L
* y" S7 ~# f8 z9 B% D: E+ i$ dStrikes by Special Groups j. e4 F! I1 _' N
101. Refusal of impressed labor
: ?3 z8 l7 P6 [1 N# X 102. Prisoners’ strike+ L. t3 d1 c9 r1 r) L
103. Craft strike+ W7 p4 G; j* u$ B6 ?& X$ g6 P
104. Professional strike
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$ o' ~& g/ C' u; |Ordinary Industrial Strikes
! v$ |9 o1 \5 G- Y1 B% O. [, ` 105. Establishment strike
/ j1 u- c3 {. H8 T3 Y 106. Industry strike' C5 z) g+ e5 p
107. Sympathetic strike( {$ O, T/ Z) F& X, i, @
" N9 V1 d5 i2 Q- C' Q$ Z, J- W i
Restricted Strikes% }' F* F; m2 V+ t! _
108. Detailed strike" X* v% M5 o$ f; j6 e
109. Bumper strike/ L- S. b6 f) t; ~, s; j7 r
110. Slowdown strike
5 {" q3 r) T$ P7 C 111. Working-to-rule strike: w6 U" I0 ^& W9 l( B9 e! C
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ g& ~- K; e% ]$ K( W& q& O- l 113. Strike by resignation/ Q0 q" ~) X6 `! {, i& L
114. Limited strike
/ L" [0 m, y9 [% j 115. Selective strike- m$ Y i4 V5 P
$ Y4 _' p% p4 _/ U
Multi-Industry Strikes: | K1 J) I2 [ S; {
8 E" d8 K/ [ u4 M3 Z! J
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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0 w4 h9 q3 V9 X9 H3 UCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal) h- R0 C' g$ `. b
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119. Economic shutdown
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0 |. U9 K D: CTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
# m1 o+ p- Z3 Q2 `2 E6 C+ i 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: X1 T3 G1 ?& R8 ]5 @
121. Refusal of public support
0 P5 P' O1 ?% F! ?" \ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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2 i4 n, z* Y) v! Q+ G* h, oCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 g* ^% O. V2 P5 P+ \+ i 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 Z; z: x( P+ q 124. Boycott of elections m# v) H5 S9 S+ G/ ?5 k' Q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. i' u! P% A, F, z$ M 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' W: ^4 a5 f/ ~* D
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& _5 W7 I. o3 O; k" r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, K+ n: i% V2 F. a% w7 Z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 d2 q9 ^/ j1 h& R# Q) B; L
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# Z6 I0 j& j; l( n& Q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ `9 i( ?/ A+ a4 H, `9 F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& S1 P) C/ h, t& ?2 E9 y
+ ^4 F8 M' b) GCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; {( ?; @6 I) i2 H9 q5 D
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 u" Y* _7 i3 r7 c, Q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" c" {' u1 P6 Q
135. Popular nonobedience6 U2 |9 g5 z) E. S. I- n
136. Disguised disobedience9 r/ E( [; m7 }1 [; V4 m/ G6 I5 F
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. P/ F9 }" g. J4 k( Q, e( X 138. Sitdown3 l5 _& I- Q, ~2 V! V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ K P2 S3 T: ~' j, `
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% x- D* V" b3 L0 K2 H7 y- Y& u
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! H) H4 \7 A+ b, W9 \, d! N
, ~/ I6 W5 {# [: O8 g1 p! aAction by Government Personnel
6 W2 I% W% p2 m; q4 Q6 C 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( |+ s+ ?8 G7 S6 f 143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ `" Y) p- j. l' V5 z3 h9 B
144. Stalling and obstruction
# v* P3 U( P' _: s 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation! S, r+ e% i H7 L8 Q Y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 D }* m# @ C7 ?' ~) ~8 Y6 f 148. Mutiny
! C k8 M2 x& m4 o2 N0 YDomestic Governmental Action
! H* J; v. {' z" L* z" _ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ o/ X" E! ?8 ?. u9 k7 } 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: q; I7 D' G: X1 [2 I; r* P5 U+ B6 z) m
International Governmental Action
. C {& p0 s5 b# ~ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( b$ G* n0 T+ N( O' \, r 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: ~# K3 r" L% f; ~! s) Z
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ T& }% F+ _5 I9 i* g3 }+ p 154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ o+ x3 J1 ` ]: s9 A- P2 u7 Z, {
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 ^9 Y" _0 s f1 w: K- G 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 Z% u. j7 M# |( E; g7 J 157. Expulsion from international organizations% |. o4 S/ x+ H8 V/ X
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' b, _+ G& e: o: L4 B& n, d# D7 i
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Psychological Intervention9 ^+ m9 n: G2 x
158. Self-exposure to the elements/ S0 W% M! C6 O9 E! s2 E# }
159. The fast
- {7 U7 u6 d: c6 E a) Fast of moral pressure
: s6 P7 E4 A- E b) Hunger strike
/ Q' J' W0 q# q6 E( V8 K c) Satyagrahic fast6 X$ C. e5 H$ p9 }8 c" x: C
160. Reverse trial
4 k4 P: w/ x) S3 F. |+ o2 w 161. Nonviolent harassment3 S' V( Z" n, ]% _* h! ?, _
8 w) `( k) b& _* e8 P1 wPhysical Intervention
7 w- W; z( v# Q: o 162. Sit-in' l) p0 I y7 N
163. Stand-in. z( B0 m/ F+ p4 P% {
164. Ride-in4 o" p8 `& m" P
165. Wade-in
|0 g3 z: |% _" p% Y 166. Mill-in/ O+ b$ ]# p9 J: t+ s$ V
167. Pray-in# y) }1 [+ c! o6 j$ i6 v, t! W
168. Nonviolent raids* [) ~' r4 G% j" \
169. Nonviolent air raids4 E v' R% [ `
170. Nonviolent invasion
1 t( T! G2 o; } 171. Nonviolent interjection) p; }+ D9 N7 r% h5 T
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 Q" s0 y' N, l$ h3 [. m+ G- b 173. Nonviolent occupation
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% E1 b6 u) _& }0 wSocial Intervention
7 K2 O! t K! z1 \2 l 174. Establishing new social patterns9 z7 E! p/ u+ P& ~4 ~! R9 q
175. Overloading of facilities0 _% r! u6 R' H
176. Stall-in
i% u4 q) J2 p9 y5 X5 d* ^ 177. Speak-in: A1 B( q. q2 `& |0 f: G4 ~3 r
178. Guerrilla theater
+ ~. y# P- A& \! _ 179. Alternative social institutions0 z# I! ^ G1 Y% Y3 l
180. Alternative communication system) i1 K" h7 Z3 u# d0 T C0 H
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Economic Intervention
" g8 i% \+ L; F 181. Reverse strike
/ P. F; j; B, k) Q 182. Stay-in strike
. Z9 T1 e5 e R8 [& ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ i5 K$ \; t. ] s* J* e9 @ 184. Defiance of blockades' X0 O4 d6 j1 S3 z1 F) f
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" R) a" K" g, |* g 186. Preclusive purchasing o& F4 p' v# B3 P: L
187. Seizure of assets9 Y, N! m# O- U
188. Dumping
& \% G& V1 K; |$ m 189. Selective patronage
/ g0 E3 t3 u9 L& G9 P 190. Alternative markets
( S4 v/ S4 l/ v4 M 191. Alternative transportation systems
) t: ?' P' e' ]0 w1 Z$ U+ w& S 192. Alternative economic institutions/ C# u* s J; c9 [2 G d( k
, D! K. B. W6 v3 s2 vPolitical Intervention- _/ M. q! x6 _7 k
193. Overloading of administrative systems. ]9 F' ^5 s, N m) W. d4 w+ G% P
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 i6 D+ R; [* Y) _# M8 L" U2 p
195. Seeking imprisonment
! T/ j! x, Z% m2 P 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: \7 T. i+ s3 u7 \
197. Work-on without collaboration
' s4 _8 J0 ?3 O6 ?3 |7 d: c% z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
