 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& D5 Z# Z4 P' h
Formal Statements! h V' m2 q ]" b5 D2 W
1. Public Speeches
* ]+ t5 A0 b* G 2. Letters of opposition or support
" B8 u% c) h) ~( h; g 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ B& p& J- D+ i4 C9 @. y 4. Signed public statements7 k; l8 |7 I( \; O
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, v) L _: M- Y 6. Group or mass petitions
6 Q3 S& R6 ~# X8 M% G5 x1 |) J4 f: K% z. l6 F
Communications with a Wider Audience
, T3 s3 I; H7 b; H) _" J 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ N9 b' i, M0 k' F
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ V' G) x) E* K$ u/ X: {; T 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! y% k. {' N8 j5 {% j6 y7 p# k! K 10. Newspapers and journals
+ K; W. q2 E3 w: \( |8 [! i 11. Records, radio, and television
5 E- i" _- g6 H5 ? 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. L% F O" y2 T8 ?! R T5 {( ~- u# p7 h1 L d8 B2 D) f
Group Representations- t9 _# L0 d3 v+ a+ ~
13. Deputations
! Z& n) G* y$ E) s! e) y5 L 14. Mock awards
, X& U7 E1 `: j0 X, R3 A+ d0 B 15. Group lobbying
; p ?3 U1 l3 V 16. Picketing1 |! i% Q% o+ [% |
17. Mock elections. P' p! @; a2 ^+ \1 \, |( w
, W9 n+ E2 s3 l7 |; ~
Symbolic Public Acts
U! A% _+ n- n1 [ p6 T4 ? 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' Q* [, }1 k% W
19. Wearing of symbols
; a8 `& v$ Y( u6 w( L 20. Prayer and worship% Z2 X: j) L0 ], G& y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 U6 N- J3 {; B1 u( W 22. Protest disrobings
/ ?0 R+ ?" z* h3 ^, A 23. Destruction of own property
# x% o. k# O, p6 m% j5 U; k- ` 24. Symbolic lights
2 [7 M; \' J) n E3 t 25. Displays of portraits
2 _, a. Z1 t( ~! F$ j) G6 J 26. Paint as protest+ b: |. A7 Q' s7 c& G
27. New signs and names
|* p- f, b( p6 k. o9 D 28. Symbolic sounds
! C0 E3 E# o3 E/ M7 w) W0 B 29. Symbolic reclamations
& E7 d0 w5 a1 O: _( E" o. x 30. Rude gestures1 O b) ]( f9 M7 K0 K0 v
8 K1 w* X3 l" I r# s0 [) r% APressures on Individuals/ h$ u8 R7 g7 n
31. “Haunting” officials A" p3 N. x8 O8 p
32. Taunting officials
3 u- R u( l/ `7 c9 L 33. Fraternization$ U" p0 w) _0 _& @4 d
34. Vigils! w! I3 T6 w* J/ z
]% X+ i, O& x! w7 }
Drama and Music4 h; _) s" |, x3 r4 I4 e3 q
35. Humorous skits and pranks8 H4 q4 Z; k3 n' w l. t P
36. Performances of plays and music
$ A, o Z J3 E. a 37. Singing) |# \) O( `0 A C
+ d& P" N8 _3 i! ]' P# sProcessions3 i/ g* W9 q' `8 h) ~' K
38. Marches% x! s( }; p/ a: }* ]+ a
39. Parades( C* }% J6 a! H! V
40. Religious processions
- z% y* ^% _4 R 41. Pilgrimages/ s. s: G1 ^+ A+ u, e8 S y
42. Motorcades
* h) M- v6 Z, ^. x- D' [. X0 e- J n$ w
Honoring the Dead* a1 w6 K0 u( l
43. Political mourning/ ^5 \) T% ~2 U# Z- \+ u0 Y
44. Mock funerals0 Z) l9 |; `5 P' A2 Q
45. Demonstrative funerals
: I+ C" h; w$ }" D `- Z1 C/ Z7 w 46. Homage at burial places
$ N# I" z [3 g X! C6 ]
! Z: _( q! d0 [5 I; Z, M, OPublic Assemblies" \. I. J. T( _4 O' r _, M. _
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 s* E7 C6 {/ v 48. Protest meetings/ z' \$ i; d7 U. V
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* H6 x" r) P2 l2 I, {) _$ B 50. Teach-ins9 t/ t8 V: v# I4 ^: X1 |
+ k$ o5 b' Q- k2 F' k4 V9 BWithdrawal and Renunciation
2 G8 K6 z3 H. N% j# r5 V 51. Walk-outs5 t0 _+ v6 ~% f5 e
52. Silence+ O* v( e6 U" p; M+ P
53. Renouncing honors
4 A6 ?4 S' C4 @. p! F# ?8 S! ^ 54. Turning one’s back
/ j' o2 P) f. |1 M3 [1 A" b0 B( I, x. f$ ~
$ }+ {- v4 t7 m2 u 1 y0 V1 `: Q/ e
: n7 f/ N. A% J
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 K5 n- B/ P) k! w9 f- }/ U5 B {5 ^1 A- U3 ~& _" G
0 Q. P; M, j4 a: U
9 z h; ~& ?0 r# @) O& q! i7 SOstracism of Persons ^+ C0 Q- d# F. _# {: |1 U! H3 H
55. Social boycott
9 u. r6 V4 h7 M9 K( D 56. Selective social boycott' P0 p/ Y" ]1 z0 b: A7 Y
57. Lysistratic nonaction- N7 L. q( }) w7 v3 l1 E
58. Excommunication! n+ q* }1 i& d1 }0 p( Y
59. Interdict& V2 [% H' N( u3 t
7 b! ^6 ]: Y+ C+ V' yNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 T/ A' E/ l( ^( J
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ a- m6 A. N+ d. W 61. Boycott of social affairs! H( a" Y5 c: l R0 a& \
62. Student strike
8 d" r4 Z+ H: ^/ S) g' D 63. Social disobedience" p: B1 |5 g+ o( |5 J$ H& S
64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 Q# f+ M. J& l2 C$ J1 D" w4 I' [
! X, u- X- }* H5 N) K, j
Withdrawal from the Social System
' e+ m1 D3 v1 c# w; @7 I# X V 65. Stay-at-home
9 }" Q+ X* y Y5 {) m 66. Total personal noncooperation- y' \ P1 R/ G5 E1 l8 o
67. “Flight” of workers
( U6 t( Z% X3 S4 A 68. Sanctuary' Z6 m5 X9 ]2 r# u- Q7 s
69. Collective disappearance
+ u% M o' @. ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! s* u* z" U4 G% F. T, H6 k. y( o
5 ^4 s* B3 u. c
4 X2 r; O' D4 o: S0 u% @; y, i5 X0 h( H
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
( u7 C0 S4 r8 Y# b: ^4 K: j: o0 ?* [4 h
. a/ y) R" K% F+ C
Actions by Consumers
( i% V! d5 J5 i6 p9 ] 71. Consumers’ boycott" E4 t6 N7 u5 g, P2 q5 ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% |/ u' ]+ W6 ]7 T( i 73. Policy of austerity
* v3 @+ a7 O8 p 74. Rent withholding
/ W3 }: w$ S7 T5 O 75. Refusal to rent
' r: P& r1 @4 N 76. National consumers’ boycott
% L) x4 ~2 b! O6 H) n! w 77. International consumers’ boycott4 e$ F' f0 X1 {
C' C ?+ N; j* x* O4 |
Action by Workers and Producers% P1 _- ]1 K- v* g" O% h! P
78. Workmen’s boycott& i" Y3 g5 H. y- b4 _1 B% |
79. Producers’ boycott z1 Z. X) S, n% {2 n; Z K
" L1 A2 K6 y& @
Action by Middlemen/ w$ j5 i2 g, v: [0 r# a( `: _) T
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 T' f7 `( b5 g, n2 h9 L( D j: }
9 |/ G5 d7 [; ~Action by Owners and Management
! v! t- e8 c6 S1 |, E; {% M: A+ x 81. Traders’ boycott* Z& f6 k5 K% M6 q0 g" }- n
82. Refusal to let or sell property+ {' u: z2 U& K1 v o
83. Lockout- C+ G5 F; k9 U' Z0 w; {) \3 k
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 g5 d' w4 S6 c" w0 S" Q 85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 M) c( D7 |; T; L
8 P- |1 s- C% O" R* z3 W& gAction by Holders of Financial Resources$ y P8 [7 y; m6 }6 u y3 A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 D G4 q7 t# A& Y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* {! f( Z4 u6 }! {% K. t6 u" ] 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( T: k, J0 f, P" m4 ~* R6 D+ r
89. Severance of funds and credit
f ^. u* M9 s" o) \7 S0 X4 ~ 90. Revenue refusal6 O4 o9 h# _" k/ I; h
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! l, g( q# y7 X% \; ]5 m
4 c" m5 s, Z. p, l- }0 C9 m% ZAction by Governments; q0 }" H! M2 v) X3 E4 } n
92. Domestic embargo
' @$ B6 Q: V: s& M" W 93. Blacklisting of traders
0 N" o* _2 c0 e; b0 t1 d 94. International sellers’ embargo
; \; M4 v& P; V 95. International buyers’ embargo
) E* }0 w5 t$ s, ?: \! B X 96. International trade embargo# a' C% w* m' ?' \) d' L
7 {9 {6 W' G- L
3 Z) F0 `6 i6 ^6 {
0 F) r% M$ d1 W+ ? Y5 E- C+ fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) A% u7 D/ j& Q! ^
; N7 L* E/ W. a+ b! t }* E
5 O" ^7 t, d. y: d$ L7 A% d% @# Q9 c5 {
Symbolic Strikes
" e7 Z/ J* y1 g! `% Z3 V 97. Protest strike
$ F; A& n! g. A$ [% G- X4 v0 i 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( T; }9 D2 k* P9 m, i) R$ f
7 w3 K+ a2 X. i1 @
Agricultural Strikes
( L- W3 @0 P( x; a+ S$ C 99. Peasant strike, c1 c5 ]1 |" a0 c: b
100. Farm Workers’ strike
. r7 p/ a5 M) |% Z% b8 ?* y$ ~" u& L6 r
Strikes by Special Groups7 ]' q6 k6 o, Q- |
101. Refusal of impressed labor1 T5 G& Y6 v U+ M5 L
102. Prisoners’ strike
& a% @; l/ g) ^; F6 B 103. Craft strike
; K, j1 t& A. y& h( R& ^: n 104. Professional strike; T; R$ M' W/ I5 K* S3 l2 h
* e) @( Y, @( d3 c
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) w4 e1 s. o( u9 ]1 i& n5 j$ ]; E8 D 105. Establishment strike# w: j4 w& n+ z V. B7 s% h# M( d
106. Industry strike& Q5 n- _5 b3 l" ~+ ]+ ~/ c/ A- @
107. Sympathetic strike
9 E S, `& d C7 o& _5 |7 P' r+ P: }$ @( Z
Restricted Strikes
1 j$ c: e5 ~8 G: k: e+ ~1 g+ } 108. Detailed strike+ P$ m" l3 G# A( \: Y4 [) f
109. Bumper strike
7 o/ c, M0 B6 _1 X: r2 i a2 \; t 110. Slowdown strike- }0 u" e' i3 t8 l: N1 I4 t
111. Working-to-rule strike
' D( Q: s; E2 I' Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' w1 Q0 J+ F2 X8 R0 s4 r7 h, o 113. Strike by resignation7 J( J5 U) m _) T( V
114. Limited strike
6 Z( {) i! p3 l; j$ l# ^8 L* Z 115. Selective strike
; Y# o% @9 F, U5 d. a' A1 p _9 E: M: M- v
Multi-Industry Strikes
e! m1 M/ }( U
" ?, V$ e. \) D1 y3 G, T. t$ V2 k 116. Generalized strike
4 `3 s+ @, A' |( M: a, B! S4 S- T. u1 f( ^5 \0 G5 I
117. General strike, h! ?. L" A6 w; }) J3 ]
( S7 M. n7 L I# J. f! o% z+ }
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures! F. E7 Y: o0 ^1 m3 a' [) Y8 @
6 o4 @$ _4 ~# y) s9 b. Z
118. Hartal, p9 M( b$ n) W# y, h
i- Z+ I0 G" N- h
119. Economic shutdown; h& N6 D' B9 p
! u- H8 M/ N/ [. O2 } O* r
( P5 B- C! N" d6 s3 }! l: _- x/ F" c) ~) T
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 j5 ~$ C! i7 C' w$ Z( p2 I4 V$ g5 r% ]) D' x2 k# t: B
0 O, x) [ c/ O' \: e& [$ m' R
Rejection of Authority
" D, z# T7 k7 V) W* n 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
Z' M& ?0 ]( F: y' m9 y 121. Refusal of public support- D1 p9 C8 L3 t4 P! y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 h5 t; R6 ^1 h/ M3 [0 [+ @2 Y& I, m% Z% G
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) ]1 q6 h p3 F5 I
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ R3 F/ k0 n5 G, `$ J
124. Boycott of elections0 L$ L* [, O; m0 t
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. o) @3 U9 T8 _! m V' I 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 K' P L7 P2 b3 u; B* _+ @ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! J1 _* r3 K0 P 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. Y& ?, c- ^, v* i0 c- e8 V1 b
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. w' J- j1 J( R 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- Z' F; H! i* ^0 u0 E
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 f" w- r4 S8 W 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, g- O( Q# k+ Y, S6 F! Y5 r, H" ]
i4 m+ P2 Z1 j& y7 s' F4 dCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, ~% X, Y1 J# q7 @/ W4 c 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* L7 H4 g3 H% P 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( |+ D0 S2 D' a8 s) k$ G7 p% a
135. Popular nonobedience
& z) [2 T3 L% @& P 136. Disguised disobedience( e6 Z0 j7 q' [8 R" G
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) h% @" F) q( ^& T
138. Sitdown7 r9 x! T1 u+ U/ _5 f' S
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# [9 T# {7 P o. w& p' Z: [
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. C+ Z$ N2 n+ @. `+ v+ W, T
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 ]/ |. Z6 [7 F& J. Q
( |, e4 D) Z( @4 P4 ^" L( Q$ u4 @Action by Government Personnel
% ~2 n6 v, H. O4 r1 \$ R/ ~4 a 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 m5 F9 U& o. s1 v0 [ N 143. Blocking of lines of command and information. N7 [- m5 I' W3 @+ P- W" X1 W, ^, _. A/ i
144. Stalling and obstruction
; E1 ~6 k* K1 T* o$ F 145. General administrative noncooperation0 [; M) k/ O! V |7 z
1 V$ j2 l5 u4 b2 c 146. Judicial noncooperation
: W0 k6 l. B: a+ U0 [ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents N! A3 g, k. X, F- ~7 l6 M/ Y& y
148. Mutiny" Z& j/ r, D- [( C% u) l( c
Domestic Governmental Action
. G* P9 p& W" V7 Y! X& A 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' l$ a0 m0 U' G3 S& I
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 P# o+ I% e+ r: }% h; J6 x, H
! \; r" A7 J; c1 K/ h. JInternational Governmental Action) [% p: S1 \1 g0 J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 o3 I& p3 j) F) C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 {5 |% x' H$ w t6 n$ R" v( a
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
h8 ^$ }3 y( K' A# i; Q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! M9 ]5 `* Z8 h6 M 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ C! Z9 C# n& h, P 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) c6 v6 _3 [9 e* p, P5 k0 I 157. Expulsion from international organizations
' h) r- ^9 u4 C1 y8 g9 D. b% R7 D4 N1 K0 x
0 C' E" d9 t, F4 T
* M9 n" o7 @* D @: d8 C) x5 MTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( D5 m; A$ Z2 e: p- B7 ]6 k8 X5 D
$ ]! `2 R' r# w* `, b1 q" U / s% V1 @5 F) X2 d
Psychological Intervention
1 t( P9 ^8 B! |1 y# K$ k& o( N1 r 158. Self-exposure to the elements
" ^- {& ?1 m a, v$ O" D+ H& a 159. The fast
2 [6 }" Y8 }& `. C* M# D0 d4 L a) Fast of moral pressure
2 ^+ \" I8 J- _7 r8 a" k. h b) Hunger strike A8 T. k ]3 J0 u/ Z* c
c) Satyagrahic fast
n6 i1 e- m T' J0 Q" R 160. Reverse trial
% a8 y7 d& h7 `" d) r: K3 U 161. Nonviolent harassment" h) O( t3 n C( J& k2 D
3 v! S$ T2 |+ MPhysical Intervention
" s. f8 k0 d% R2 N 162. Sit-in8 d! F0 U* q: k/ D& ?
163. Stand-in
0 |+ d5 Q9 N: F: v( I% `* E 164. Ride-in
; p6 b8 {8 m. d5 P. `/ Q 165. Wade-in
/ a$ O$ j& y" M8 |# ] 166. Mill-in
! g7 ~3 k8 n% A: _. t, e 167. Pray-in8 M0 B' J* @* \% G) S1 M( I
168. Nonviolent raids
( I% N Z' Q# f 169. Nonviolent air raids s+ g( y. P' y
170. Nonviolent invasion
# |, `* M" B! ^! Q- h% r* E 171. Nonviolent interjection
/ a" m. `5 q! b. u 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) ?' e0 L, L# k( l5 q1 C0 h2 u5 ? 173. Nonviolent occupation6 d" L" `- q0 g
: a, ^& k3 g% k0 w6 x) y0 H; N
Social Intervention
) u# Q3 X( N% |9 o7 Z8 O 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 z+ F' l/ N' C: z% Y1 e 175. Overloading of facilities2 H! c; w! C8 u# D
176. Stall-in$ D* }! O- q8 \# ^1 a* n) F+ |% P
177. Speak-in
9 b- g* {) X+ ~0 F" \2 e 178. Guerrilla theater' s# m" D/ d) n, u. {
179. Alternative social institutions$ }' }: J5 x6 t$ d3 Q
180. Alternative communication system$ {4 Y& o% `- {+ k6 e" Y _
+ n8 \0 W+ S5 T$ i* }( AEconomic Intervention4 A9 r2 _; D7 h
181. Reverse strike
2 |% h$ U' u+ b/ z# { 182. Stay-in strike
9 D/ r9 I! z& S( G* p 183. Nonviolent land seizure9 E0 Q/ _) X4 m7 O; r) k* M
184. Defiance of blockades B0 H# d" n& F: s6 ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 O. u& u5 V9 b3 h! J& G 186. Preclusive purchasing7 d% O! D& ?6 X; b
187. Seizure of assets
4 q- G5 K* K4 t- u5 t% |$ t7 l 188. Dumping
# c4 a$ n/ M4 N5 V$ T. c 189. Selective patronage6 B8 b' @+ i- _$ m5 d" s
190. Alternative markets, X& p" _) w6 X: z
191. Alternative transportation systems
# c- i* i. a, t8 Z* q 192. Alternative economic institutions
. D( e) s: w, D$ m. L7 ] Z$ V
[$ z8 v1 R' M7 m+ o3 e+ P4 uPolitical Intervention
# M9 ?6 \: _" k& C+ F4 X+ o. F 193. Overloading of administrative systems% D0 D3 N3 z0 J: w" ^
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; u* L+ X/ o7 }" ~1 R 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 ~+ L2 ^# `( l9 ?% y9 D6 X 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' h2 O, w' Z2 \* _
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 D3 P5 k# L/ Z0 p$ e 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. Y8 [; ` \( a* Q0 d; G
$ G9 w! s# Y- Z! S, x4 r |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
