 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' K7 W4 j- _" h, xFormal Statements
0 S, H: R# w( _- X1 {: C9 W' j 1. Public Speeches+ d9 \ [5 I1 {7 ^6 Z4 n- E5 i
2. Letters of opposition or support
/ x# u3 l5 J3 b9 ?' M) I( k% _ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 X0 a/ }, O2 N. r9 _) d
4. Signed public statements- d" B0 p8 |3 ?- b% z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention- T; Q q' x( w7 C9 \8 X
6. Group or mass petitions
: C! t: Q r3 t; A& x+ `; \1 F7 A/ C
Communications with a Wider Audience
2 K2 F, b( Z$ [: t: S8 T* H 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ T% D% [& ]+ q1 A: C4 O
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& \, n* k8 \3 B 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, f& o- X' }8 d: E6 [6 \ 10. Newspapers and journals
$ L# D4 \2 Y0 Y; u8 ~, d 11. Records, radio, and television1 y# M& k% I' h5 D
12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 @% Z2 A6 }; V6 n
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Group Representations
v' u8 ^2 T" N4 R6 ~: O 13. Deputations6 c5 g0 O+ F* |* {
14. Mock awards
8 f: R, m: G5 M( ]- `" c: ` 15. Group lobbying
" p9 w) s4 E( Y, P* C( g 16. Picketing. m5 N' y4 z7 B# h1 P/ w H( B8 n
17. Mock elections, W9 F. S: a, `# A7 J8 W' o
0 Y# H) h& r) g. r% s. s# X
Symbolic Public Acts
$ w( r( a/ B( U- a! |! V 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ x% U/ S4 k }( Z1 ~9 Q( _ 19. Wearing of symbols* S' ^6 \/ |6 J
20. Prayer and worship
: j8 a0 g) A' n6 ~ 21. Delivering symbolic objects& R. Z6 S* [4 C
22. Protest disrobings; X, F. I: ]. w) d: G0 T$ r
23. Destruction of own property
8 b# ]$ B! o$ v3 }& J E% q. k$ l 24. Symbolic lights
. z$ i. J) Q$ S' \+ L2 V+ _ 25. Displays of portraits [8 W& X' E C1 Z
26. Paint as protest7 t9 a8 }/ K& O* ]# b% F! m& T7 N
27. New signs and names
; a& C7 v' H m: ~% n 28. Symbolic sounds
) m% \# ]% B* i' m: N7 | 29. Symbolic reclamations# q* z* }7 D! E: A8 w
30. Rude gestures7 n$ t, i+ {( N4 g/ T
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Pressures on Individuals
2 p' Q) o5 [! N. X7 O2 U 31. “Haunting” officials
6 n" |& [8 _. v 32. Taunting officials; p5 u2 G% e6 S
33. Fraternization
2 k3 t2 \- B8 ~% ~9 E, R, ^ 34. Vigils$ X$ O; a# v5 M2 E9 r J
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Drama and Music
" a, e- M' b, y& N- n9 z: M, f/ M8 U 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- K0 w1 ^( O+ a- g3 }2 p 36. Performances of plays and music4 j" G& _( W! V( O5 C
37. Singing
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Processions! S! t0 }1 m d" L! V( j
38. Marches' U: ~9 g( E, Z* u
39. Parades
y3 R5 Y0 ?; S* Q* \* \4 I3 }; R 40. Religious processions- H1 I- z2 p B; G- y
41. Pilgrimages/ u* C) U n6 Y* N3 y1 k
42. Motorcades' w2 J' G- u0 n9 L
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Honoring the Dead ]3 n9 S# ?1 h7 _
43. Political mourning" g$ m$ M5 E7 O( A& @0 A
44. Mock funerals
( w) F$ G) f% H5 W$ \ 45. Demonstrative funerals: M/ j ]* @& r$ O x8 u5 M
46. Homage at burial places: J& _0 d! C7 q) [
0 h( ^! H$ j/ c6 ]8 j+ l8 wPublic Assemblies, `2 h0 ]* t$ |7 k
47. Assemblies of protest or support ]' o, S8 O( d+ I5 J9 `) S5 k# [
48. Protest meetings# y6 i( ~5 Y Z* n# C/ L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ N9 ]% p7 x/ v) {- A7 d 50. Teach-ins
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; _! f+ F( J6 y# Q- eWithdrawal and Renunciation
, w( q% Y c; D 51. Walk-outs0 f9 T. i' E5 x2 V
52. Silence
, u& [" e& B/ t, P 53. Renouncing honors
4 m" L' [9 {" n- ~9 f 54. Turning one’s back' V; a4 z$ w- H) G# J
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l3 b0 P, ]" U& B, ^# OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& E2 J W7 ~4 B4 c
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Ostracism of Persons
3 l) E3 z3 b4 o. J) J 55. Social boycott" O3 M: @/ i/ R8 g
56. Selective social boycott, E6 i1 Z/ w( S9 y; ~9 |
57. Lysistratic nonaction# j- t0 E! t8 ~. x$ B p3 U
58. Excommunication% X) ^/ z* K, p3 m4 k+ H( \6 j
59. Interdict
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9 g3 n; B2 m0 eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( G# o9 }, j, k- [ L$ }
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
* s- k* t) ]) g, G6 N3 |/ v M 61. Boycott of social affairs- m# m0 k9 f7 P# u# w" U
62. Student strike
8 X! A) x2 v6 k$ g! M 63. Social disobedience9 N; [; `1 T. X& T/ g5 X
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 |. v b. E( {
, n" v* r0 ^* T9 cWithdrawal from the Social System6 q5 ~2 l, |6 ^" |. w' J3 ~
65. Stay-at-home6 t9 S f/ W( |5 Y* W, J
66. Total personal noncooperation- h( O- ^! x3 C) N0 f
67. “Flight” of workers3 ?' s6 v5 C/ D) Z8 r! R
68. Sanctuary. P% e1 k" r4 V6 ?( Y
69. Collective disappearance
/ x0 W1 J! U2 v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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5 b, @- A+ V" j2 [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; f4 M3 | p" n% e* A) K
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Actions by Consumers8 F' O! X% v& p& s
71. Consumers’ boycott
) U- W) b% N9 Z/ k, o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* S) @2 i) O) T: E 73. Policy of austerity$ B' g3 D! q5 r3 l' H, J9 @6 @% X
74. Rent withholding
% x* V% w$ q; G% r/ W u 75. Refusal to rent
3 p: t: S6 S* ?$ p8 M 76. National consumers’ boycott: q% l& D# D& ^) z2 u. L
77. International consumers’ boycott" J; d. @$ T8 f7 ]+ ~
6 S( n$ x; H0 l- T4 k2 fAction by Workers and Producers) a/ V, p6 G7 ?( }0 M& m4 g( P& W
78. Workmen’s boycott0 m( h& i" }" ?( D# k, b# @
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen3 |3 g* _. T0 `( F( X5 _+ k* n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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" Y& J# c' E! z# PAction by Owners and Management- X2 R+ |2 L7 j. K- O6 t& X
81. Traders’ boycott/ \* B2 Z: U# R+ i2 v ~
82. Refusal to let or sell property2 [+ F' Z& J% o' z5 q: E1 E1 p
83. Lockout
\& \2 j# r, D 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 D0 p) H8 q- l$ ~: J8 s9 C 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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# N4 P( M. I" yAction by Holders of Financial Resources
9 M9 Z% F- Q# C 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: O9 g2 O) s/ D# T% A0 k7 U
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 D2 U, J- Q# s8 j, z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest% R+ ^- }$ U6 m( e
89. Severance of funds and credit$ \* Z& B7 ^3 ~- v+ V( C
90. Revenue refusal1 K' z; Z" s2 ^! e9 q
91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 _% f6 [4 O% m& O5 f) y" {, M0 g* x& |' x" \. C
Action by Governments. z) q, X5 K( k8 u. R
92. Domestic embargo% o' ^& O% c/ a: _
93. Blacklisting of traders5 d8 D% s; F" O$ P7 w" J* ]* K. [
94. International sellers’ embargo
( J) ~( A2 G1 z. J4 T& H 95. International buyers’ embargo
; B( ]0 R0 K6 W! v+ A% v 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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, Y/ z4 i: J9 b2 Y! CSymbolic Strikes5 p/ k& F, ~! J* w& B ?- h+ ]
97. Protest strike* R' W+ R: `, j1 z( H* q1 s( V
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 F n" l8 j2 O2 u+ b% A
x6 o+ F) G' \. lAgricultural Strikes, b+ U$ X$ Q- u+ T' U
99. Peasant strike
( i* n P/ c6 J. \% F. k; Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike( o" [* a. G) \" T0 n/ z" k' j
) a% m9 L$ @3 a; W0 GStrikes by Special Groups& {' W# Q" }8 a; w* x `! g! n
101. Refusal of impressed labor
& S# B, r8 D0 X+ @9 U 102. Prisoners’ strike5 p5 C: s" ?: c9 ?' k
103. Craft strike
0 I0 p+ g9 E, U6 u9 y/ E) Y9 T4 x 104. Professional strike& A% O s* x* v3 N* w
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes; {* b. O$ S6 p7 V
105. Establishment strike4 d' I5 j: e0 A! r$ Y( B7 b7 Z
106. Industry strike% o0 V' g0 k- N1 ^5 G/ X6 g
107. Sympathetic strike8 c0 A" B! i; D& p: h% T* u
' v& U- I" s. q9 d" v) a6 N' ?Restricted Strikes
/ S0 g" d4 [ k3 F! |$ q 108. Detailed strike
6 H- n% K5 p4 R ~! v 109. Bumper strike5 h9 b- p" k# W7 C4 j! }) g
110. Slowdown strike# V5 |. G. N6 _& o1 _. U5 Z
111. Working-to-rule strike1 h+ t0 t$ P$ r2 |
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in). H1 s/ C4 O; v- s
113. Strike by resignation; k, s9 E3 y; o! X7 b+ Y- n
114. Limited strike4 [6 S! c% J$ Z: ^' T! V; a1 Y& r
115. Selective strike* B! @- B" Y0 l' V u) F, s% E Q
e7 \0 Q4 i' F- L" I5 K
Multi-Industry Strikes6 N- V$ f& J! h# P+ g
- c( k1 t. _5 f& M8 D4 V 116. Generalized strike" ]' y: {, T2 ~+ N
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117. General strike0 j* f) ?4 `0 e% }
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; N6 p( I& h/ J9 T$ v
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118. Hartal
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% L5 p+ c( i' u$ z' {2 J/ | 119. Economic shutdown
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! A! L* ~* c, G3 J3 m; L# }THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 m* c3 Z! T& O: X& C' _9 E4 t
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Rejection of Authority- }0 K2 ~! t* A& V" ^) W5 g# w
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
/ y& k+ Q( }# A2 X* c 121. Refusal of public support
; m7 Q9 I. S. j+ M" b0 Y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 D1 ]7 O( S& ^ h4 j* f& r 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 _; F- i. Z+ @/ V" G# C2 k 124. Boycott of elections( S* K4 k2 I9 \ F
125. Boycott of government employment and positions z( ?. c4 J6 C8 e7 x7 D6 H
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* m2 n* b9 H, ]% j
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* h6 s* P$ Z# g 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ X* P8 Z2 A! }; `$ X+ N4 } 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 Z' A/ G/ ]2 j; t" L
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks1 x( @3 _6 p) z: O+ Y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! S6 r! n) i0 v' q( R! r
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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# [7 v6 _# B# Z2 E j# VCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 a. n6 \6 j1 Q: _" f( d( q: _/ a% b* E
133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 M8 Z6 s% L! g9 X& p' M
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 a* R1 j& l9 U: Z 135. Popular nonobedience- _6 d. v; L8 G
136. Disguised disobedience
" u0 C7 R! a* r4 Z- k 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 v0 ~7 ]8 }+ e( [, q+ _
138. Sitdown" ~8 R7 E5 Z8 b8 {
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation, `$ I2 s% Q( D4 R6 v# o" A7 u
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 q, _' ~( Q: D+ E7 V, N
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ d Y4 I, k R9 n& \9 X) e. `$ a0 b7 W5 l( l# Q( z
Action by Government Personnel) l O. K+ h+ R l" e& y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% ]2 i8 \' X& g; F- L3 e" j 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 U" h, I7 h: Z* V2 \
144. Stalling and obstruction
, T1 \7 M$ p. o4 d: |2 ~8 q* N4 h 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation0 Q* V, Y+ I6 _- h* }- X: v
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& E, n* l' W" a" M) t! k6 X6 }$ W$ p; K 148. Mutiny$ [# J' ~# j' Y! ?5 ]3 S
Domestic Governmental Action- K* x: S$ _1 N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 D5 Z8 I3 d$ s9 L& G' ^. B. Z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" \8 u, n6 B: V$ [5 o/ f
6 d/ s2 Y4 h! T8 e8 rInternational Governmental Action
0 ]/ j& H9 Q: K8 D8 h7 o% W 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# r% P2 r; h: R 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 K8 v7 w% D7 }5 ]# K0 M& U5 d7 K 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* A" k3 H+ P9 T) j0 Q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* O# p# f9 q" Z2 @# Y) G9 Q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations# D" X) f6 ]8 b+ A" O, T% {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 ]* n P. G/ z. L 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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1 Q+ k8 s4 Z% G) K- q/ W' H& xTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
J$ t3 T t9 g4 {' R 158. Self-exposure to the elements
; \9 C& H7 J k. q2 U 159. The fast- l% ^) ?7 W) I- m* ?( ?% A) g
a) Fast of moral pressure5 H% u) m3 h: v: e' D! q
b) Hunger strike/ m% k2 z" D/ Q' K$ t$ w% a6 K
c) Satyagrahic fast
2 k d. Y1 U. v+ e! F 160. Reverse trial
$ B4 _: L- P: ], }' V, b5 H. \6 W 161. Nonviolent harassment! M! N7 H5 f' j& z5 W6 z6 \
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Physical Intervention6 n* Z% T* Y+ I5 H4 F8 C
162. Sit-in
$ O3 r& ]! m1 @# o: _* w 163. Stand-in
% h; y7 G4 E+ O8 } 164. Ride-in: @1 A! z) X/ Z& w8 z% M$ G
165. Wade-in+ e1 M8 P5 i, u8 H( ^
166. Mill-in2 U( A8 I7 D# G9 f
167. Pray-in4 m0 X, v @/ C; m! j# u
168. Nonviolent raids
& D% i8 v7 J; E p- S0 F 169. Nonviolent air raids) Y8 A+ x9 [$ A2 Q8 _/ z, U4 ^
170. Nonviolent invasion% k+ t+ {3 E) {! y- @) g, B
171. Nonviolent interjection
6 l' d) Y2 H1 Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction! \2 ]& G2 F1 K& w( U: x
173. Nonviolent occupation
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8 q- e l& w: A; s7 u! l7 bSocial Intervention
6 g: V9 k% S( b* S! F" z 174. Establishing new social patterns3 n9 C: `" G ?$ V% c$ W; l
175. Overloading of facilities
4 b8 ^& k) D4 q; z' u- n9 p6 W 176. Stall-in
$ A4 f, h s+ L8 g3 w/ ?7 M: ~ 177. Speak-in* l: B7 t+ X* Q0 f( _
178. Guerrilla theater
* k+ x- `1 `$ G! } 179. Alternative social institutions
; j1 F' d3 t/ s9 b( N5 W: u 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
3 Z) \9 V3 Q! e# s# I0 c* g 181. Reverse strike
2 ]& M- h3 p7 B7 w( ^& t) n, G 182. Stay-in strike5 r7 o1 o/ P6 r& g; j
183. Nonviolent land seizure- C/ l) z0 Z( K4 _1 i2 x- C/ g
184. Defiance of blockades% |6 K, Q N4 @" M( v5 I
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" `9 U6 k4 r& p$ z& V" o. F6 K' m 186. Preclusive purchasing9 I0 e+ [: e. s4 w. ^. r+ Q
187. Seizure of assets- p ^ E8 `: k# v r8 M; `: F
188. Dumping" r# R6 c1 E9 p- i5 A) u
189. Selective patronage
0 m ~7 Z/ C9 o5 i5 p* g* `) C, e 190. Alternative markets/ m: j& D0 k, T& I
191. Alternative transportation systems
' d8 t( k' y, }' G 192. Alternative economic institutions( N- ]. F. R! m7 e! c& S
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Political Intervention
4 S% d' r1 i# Y4 b8 i 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% H- M& {1 Q" G4 _ o 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 h0 N w( Z5 L# ` p1 }% f* q% Y9 u
195. Seeking imprisonment* r& n/ b' J' m0 Q2 p7 e7 x
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
T! w# o0 i! a; }/ s 197. Work-on without collaboration
; ]8 f5 n. y: w I+ _; g5 [$ ?+ \ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
