 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ R5 k* C4 j( N" `) IFormal Statements0 \, y% }. j! [0 y
1. Public Speeches
, w+ ?5 `1 S1 r 2. Letters of opposition or support: ^" e" j) O: `7 s8 j! d: E9 i
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 C5 Y7 E( c9 F2 O6 `6 v 4. Signed public statements
. @2 o; d* s" Z3 [) ~& K1 } 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 p0 N/ u; N* ?( Q5 O 6. Group or mass petitions6 ?- f' I: W" S2 L; `
4 o/ R; Y$ k3 o' \2 e5 Z. gCommunications with a Wider Audience: ~. O! W( I6 ~7 j
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: R' T- N" b- A- a
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 O$ ] }: r0 c- _ H4 f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% ~7 Z+ e: A T% c/ k" e 10. Newspapers and journals
2 k4 l' M5 ?6 @) ?; D% a 11. Records, radio, and television
2 @+ k& X; r6 f6 M1 f% o3 _) R 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 \7 L* k5 ~; `8 M; `
1 ~0 ^- W ~+ c7 M: ~9 d$ s
Group Representations% `$ X8 S) T. r+ E* t( Z
13. Deputations5 J2 A0 Z4 r2 F$ l/ D( q
14. Mock awards
/ _# h+ e) J' t! f 15. Group lobbying' l9 L/ n3 [6 k) E# p+ Y1 r1 P) R
16. Picketing
/ P* X( X8 G/ d4 i' m# _1 W5 O3 O 17. Mock elections
, ]+ |& o; ^( S" U! q- a
* k# C7 |' n) ], {Symbolic Public Acts0 m# v" _1 _& J6 F- S; i% E. k
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 p5 K( E/ P) r! J
19. Wearing of symbols" c# T0 q" E% o) P7 J
20. Prayer and worship
$ g" I+ [# P7 k* [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 O' r; S5 a2 {/ \# o 22. Protest disrobings( f& ^4 l" U' J9 N8 B4 C
23. Destruction of own property& g& \2 g7 l- o1 W: N
24. Symbolic lights/ T. l# A% H& k9 o: |3 L L
25. Displays of portraits! D: r/ s% f( _: ^+ P- @( M$ Z
26. Paint as protest0 i2 V- S3 s4 h% O6 f+ L
27. New signs and names
* w7 K! O) g E2 y3 J z f 28. Symbolic sounds& B$ G) ^$ ^- ]: d4 s
29. Symbolic reclamations% k/ i1 I; G% `0 ?5 G V" O
30. Rude gestures& ?0 A7 T c- {# u1 Z
7 I8 S, T3 w% M# i
Pressures on Individuals
' f* Z7 K) s, x3 g% ? i" Z; I. p$ G* t 31. “Haunting” officials& u2 A; v/ d, B$ c/ e- H6 s
32. Taunting officials
$ B) n2 c- V1 L: Z: d7 M 33. Fraternization
% H0 K3 P1 \9 g1 _% Y) o 34. Vigils
5 B& y+ z9 \% x, |& C2 y# g. r% {; W1 u& ~5 }' r- |& g$ \$ j
Drama and Music- V0 r3 V; t( E) m/ W2 Y
35. Humorous skits and pranks
) D+ W/ F4 ?- U* M& x W& _4 F3 u 36. Performances of plays and music$ r. z5 s8 \" Y0 u5 w5 p
37. Singing
" O1 ~0 y3 X; O
- B- X, t! S. i: R% D: X5 C( sProcessions
$ p1 m6 W' K4 j: b0 o$ R 38. Marches0 j9 k! M( B j8 @- H
39. Parades$ o, B1 S' L$ s( H5 U
40. Religious processions# v( M3 G: A. Y+ m5 F
41. Pilgrimages* u: |1 }0 a! O( c& U7 q8 [
42. Motorcades- g+ N: S+ D2 a8 c
% b3 V6 K2 Z# E- N, C6 V
Honoring the Dead/ `1 @( f# x M7 o! j
43. Political mourning% g- u5 P: i" u8 C6 `. D
44. Mock funerals
0 c" ~, A# s9 i8 |) n- u 45. Demonstrative funerals" P+ [" {# {( s- C
46. Homage at burial places
+ r ^+ C* _$ i5 r+ i' A, t
- q1 l3 m* t5 X: x; U% C) _Public Assemblies3 }3 J: t" s6 J9 C0 F9 q( ?4 g
47. Assemblies of protest or support
! b5 ?3 A j9 ]4 k4 G4 k3 u 48. Protest meetings
8 Z1 f; C5 C6 u6 d- S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 U6 V6 S/ }9 |- Q' {8 o2 D0 s9 H
50. Teach-ins
7 h0 e) F! o' ?( ]1 [5 i1 w" [5 j9 {9 k8 O4 p& E; C" t: ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 ]: u x% q/ O9 q$ w 51. Walk-outs
: X' W1 u, n h5 {# l6 K 52. Silence$ d+ B! S( ^6 t' X% Q
53. Renouncing honors
" f X- D* `3 c/ { 54. Turning one’s back
: G) @- W( B& W- w& \/ c) q; u
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( |( k) }0 C1 R1 ~
( `% L! E* D7 f1 KTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 |4 j* e! h% g' G6 G/ u5 _ ~! d0 B5 p
$ g% S& V) i8 y4 o; f% n1 v. e# E
4 u1 [- d9 u5 x# R4 Y# x4 V4 XOstracism of Persons
0 N4 S2 t" q8 i4 c% B. [ 55. Social boycott
; K! Q) y/ ?, X7 u! f: }3 ` F 56. Selective social boycott
! d$ m0 j- O+ v: ~0 F- k 57. Lysistratic nonaction
- V- ]8 z& q% X) [3 ^& D 58. Excommunication
8 E( q- J8 o& I 59. Interdict
' Y% _2 j/ }0 K9 m. S
/ o$ q P3 u: {1 H" r/ ANoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ T# m3 D4 v' X9 {6 d4 J+ k
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. O& Q/ V( @* p- [7 \7 J% D7 w 61. Boycott of social affairs1 s. P: o9 v( P" S' s
62. Student strike
$ S; m8 t4 N+ z B4 U; W 63. Social disobedience( f( P* M2 H( l W# \% z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
q- ?* Y& C2 d' \2 L
' V8 y! u8 m. O. s8 EWithdrawal from the Social System
0 V1 h; r* I2 O 65. Stay-at-home) M9 J( Q* R1 O2 U# p" z
66. Total personal noncooperation
! ~+ j. s! ^% a 67. “Flight” of workers- a7 H7 D: y7 n. K+ H( ~
68. Sanctuary& n' |" a5 W! w1 X
69. Collective disappearance( X5 C* k; A) s+ A0 m: ?) U z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& H: O$ X& D! i8 u: u7 p. T
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1 g0 }3 g0 K4 c- D
8 c7 p; x& ~* q3 ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 [% X7 E' U2 N6 d8 O- ~% L
' ~- P9 d w- t8 }0 a , w( B+ _( N4 b) _/ z. Q
Actions by Consumers) [4 ~. S2 H, t
71. Consumers’ boycott, q' F6 U2 h3 H+ x1 S
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; X2 z( u5 \ U7 k! ~ 73. Policy of austerity
5 ^( p/ L1 q. p) x* X" V 74. Rent withholding. r, [+ J0 d1 N
75. Refusal to rent7 ~( R- Q, a% @( m
76. National consumers’ boycott
' D/ F t1 [7 J* l 77. International consumers’ boycott
4 q5 G! q9 l+ v# b1 s5 C/ n7 S8 \. k7 C5 ?
Action by Workers and Producers V5 Y0 E4 c) |
78. Workmen’s boycott: n( I! w1 R/ k5 Y ~, c5 R$ [" |
79. Producers’ boycott: I( N) O2 ^' n* X" @1 s/ Q0 U+ u
5 C ~% U( c) Y" a
Action by Middlemen
) ^; d# `% R9 G' \ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ U$ w" O8 Y' v# J* g
! W( D0 R: {( iAction by Owners and Management3 D3 @5 G) H, K( v2 t
81. Traders’ boycott
* g ]5 M4 H2 m& D 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ B# o4 M2 Q& ]: n: U- T( y6 ` 83. Lockout
: I- D" P, O1 O9 Y' N 84. Refusal of industrial assistance# p0 q0 J) S$ m. G$ U
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' M- k9 U4 t/ `) P" U9 B) U# M+ s' o2 [6 P
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
$ F6 Z8 U% r# B 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 j+ ?6 u. v- h P( \# V# o h: I
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. V& m, I- |% X 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& N* G3 N9 e+ L/ u; D
89. Severance of funds and credit6 g6 d& |, q3 L, e1 u
90. Revenue refusal6 g/ }$ k0 a5 x5 e
91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 h+ M( {8 W9 \. T% d, m1 @( u6 M# b# l+ W1 G, p5 ~- J
Action by Governments6 u6 z5 p% z5 [* i+ K8 P0 S
92. Domestic embargo8 l0 N( V: V6 p" e
93. Blacklisting of traders
4 p. t/ n8 S% E! e" R7 E2 {* |' [ 94. International sellers’ embargo
' }8 }4 [- w& Q; x8 u: v 95. International buyers’ embargo0 m2 |$ W# r* |- _
96. International trade embargo1 L2 Q2 ~: f& u0 A1 z1 }
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( l- E7 M$ F. `% c! o' m6 x: @0 x
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# b9 A: Q& f9 M0 K2 {0 @, e @Symbolic Strikes" f; C- d8 U5 ]4 W" O l5 j1 n& [
97. Protest strike! m8 K4 A( Z1 c7 ^9 [9 r6 w1 J a
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 M& m" E( r+ d- e* `" C
3 o8 T5 r5 D2 j4 e, {
Agricultural Strikes
7 D* V4 X' F" q" O 99. Peasant strike
# T; D" G0 Q7 X7 B 100. Farm Workers’ strike9 l$ L9 @( O6 v% R
8 U0 H! Z7 ^; I7 v
Strikes by Special Groups4 ]; T W" t- N6 N: {, O
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 Z0 u2 v' v% F4 J
102. Prisoners’ strike" n h H2 T+ X+ C
103. Craft strike+ @* X" L# q% k) w! m! i6 I
104. Professional strike( ?$ a/ W: H+ v( u: F8 ?
, N/ C c( R1 |
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% \) H1 @" U- L; a3 o+ E
105. Establishment strike
2 F+ d7 y* r0 K, k 106. Industry strike8 F5 y. i+ D- G
107. Sympathetic strike
) N2 j7 p) [* l" k& [# I- T. E' ^2 A0 C, g9 L. a9 s( ~ w
Restricted Strikes
7 B+ G. b: W" u0 g# [+ S0 U6 T( P, o 108. Detailed strike3 R$ k$ l% X# q2 n$ N' f0 I- u
109. Bumper strike
5 V3 ^& b+ H! w s& H2 m& l 110. Slowdown strike$ i; j( i0 Z; e" V$ T B
111. Working-to-rule strike+ _1 Y7 e$ R, `3 `; t, |, h4 l6 J/ y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ m1 B. n$ b: H2 k0 N' g9 `) d 113. Strike by resignation
7 E \( z9 S* j: G% W 114. Limited strike- `9 O/ p& ~/ ]
115. Selective strike
! f- P- V Z% C+ Z# `" E+ M
( |* e! v5 p0 X+ t) \Multi-Industry Strikes2 K/ @$ b- j; f+ Y ~- O3 [
7 n0 H. k5 e+ R1 m0 D# p/ _ 116. Generalized strike+ l1 T) b2 p2 v, `0 J
3 K% y) W* L: v
117. General strike" `3 ^+ X% ]8 e. w
# D4 f% Z8 y" J) q) ]Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 S5 W4 r* r& P* s: w
2 _; F5 N9 s8 `8 `6 ^4 d9 \1 _. l 118. Hartal* K( Q4 |* v/ T. F: R
" j! V0 ~0 v+ q# o+ z' {' m 119. Economic shutdown
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4 `# H. _3 }, J2 H$ D
4 z1 ~5 N: l/ r/ r& z6 b1 L& S2 }. Z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& U- r& H+ L: ?8 `! K* p# `0 q* Y
4 u [9 p* l) \. Z% b$ m
( V& a& X* o) `: }2 {' ~. _Rejection of Authority
. D: O3 w2 w( a! t/ V! x/ g4 y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance" k4 \5 ]- S' f
121. Refusal of public support. G1 r0 h& G5 d/ |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, z# A, ^. n; V" T7 V8 r% C. u# H- b* C- ]# F+ x U
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, j0 K6 I: {2 L& v- {. z" C4 ^ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies# V+ G9 d* X" R# Y$ H# v
124. Boycott of elections( N( q$ r3 D `) n( |+ y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 R) f: E4 ?2 k
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ `& L5 y- K, m5 O( }) C
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 E' ]) Y! C+ D5 F9 \3 w8 K6 _2 j/ U
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* x* Y1 A4 {$ |% }6 Y1 b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- l n. \& p9 y1 R4 H1 f% I 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 a2 m- L( |9 ^/ H
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 ]" ~' x* p: C* c$ h" B
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 J0 r/ L1 g2 D- f: V
, b" z; j, M" R6 b/ X" iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- b. p6 r1 f9 w 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ R( s7 V$ S+ ^& K! e+ w# p8 I- }! \ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% }) t5 l0 U$ k* v* U 135. Popular nonobedience! D. t4 _! k6 J9 u
136. Disguised disobedience
- b% y+ ^" X- [- K4 e' O7 ]! W1 ^* b 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( m- w1 ?5 K- ^: D1 J 138. Sitdown4 U, o2 z* _7 h- j- E
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; Q3 f$ j; {2 ~& L0 X7 f; t
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 H$ Y8 J+ |1 n1 x/ v 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; y) w, ~! p+ u, P$ Z: C7 j! y
3 a4 n# r% W1 V! j9 ?+ `* iAction by Government Personnel
2 K8 f# c3 N7 @2 J; b; |% C/ P2 y9 A 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
6 D" {/ O5 v8 [/ N 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& M |! P4 W6 A0 v- H# }( ^ 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 _( e. k$ i" r+ f 145. General administrative noncooperation
* t' {# R5 ^& h' }) E4 {
H) n+ Z* g- K$ b2 y2 M 146. Judicial noncooperation0 _0 p' T1 t+ N0 W6 u
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' @ q8 _) B# z4 B r
148. Mutiny
9 F( v# }; q2 ~6 z% ?4 W/ wDomestic Governmental Action( e7 r* h7 h" d P" R% N [; ~
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( `9 W! q- y% e 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
M5 A. K: h0 d8 i9 s3 q7 J! @* Q
: P; V! G9 @ A- _* x" u( U1 e' i( ~International Governmental Action( f7 t. L3 h3 O: v% a O. T/ F& L, L5 l
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 o# w) X9 |$ L( j2 ?5 n! d 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ a y: W F, Z* F9 I3 [3 R: I5 D5 z; U5 s
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% P i5 V# e1 k4 X/ r8 k
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' U0 R7 {8 ^/ D% I( [- x; G
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 M: D3 v7 J/ T 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. W& t e( @8 ]/ {6 O8 C% b
157. Expulsion from international organizations; a4 i( A% N) y e& u
/ u9 Z, V: J0 g" |2 z& ~) K
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3 Y! r" F. \- A2 x
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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V% ?; F# N7 w; g% d# R- v
9 E2 |6 `( u5 zPsychological Intervention
+ u; s& Y3 L% r4 `5 \. A! g 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 m4 X! g6 _% G* I( @
159. The fast) F* R; r- H. [# \ D5 ~) @
a) Fast of moral pressure
( l r* V' p# T; M3 w$ g" d b) Hunger strike, b: H. ^! v9 |% ?4 {4 p% Z9 d
c) Satyagrahic fast
# g) o- T; O2 G7 E8 ^1 P4 T9 A 160. Reverse trial2 ^) Q! k) z {- t/ B! g5 Y
161. Nonviolent harassment/ R% A! M3 ]) [
6 R" q' Z* H4 E& [+ uPhysical Intervention
1 f8 L, `' O9 z* n1 \ 162. Sit-in2 x8 O3 C5 A/ X6 |
163. Stand-in8 }, g0 k2 Q) s4 j# O% w
164. Ride-in& G8 @' y- s( [/ U. R7 N
165. Wade-in' ^9 e7 P+ _8 b# l5 N. l/ U
166. Mill-in
1 Y+ r0 b% S! g 167. Pray-in
9 p: V/ a' i$ R) c 168. Nonviolent raids
# p% C+ F+ _8 [4 W+ @' H$ i6 z 169. Nonviolent air raids6 J1 D4 u4 _( \( N! p
170. Nonviolent invasion, T: l3 q- }+ l" D, z9 Q: D" p
171. Nonviolent interjection7 o, l `8 j$ J. k
172. Nonviolent obstruction
( d W1 T7 o2 k3 j. Z2 M 173. Nonviolent occupation
0 ?& S" v( D J$ h& A* d# T/ {/ h' D P3 z* G5 @& D
Social Intervention
5 Y9 d9 n# H$ @: f7 k( V" W 174. Establishing new social patterns
3 F/ s6 a4 z$ z% Z+ ?' b" z 175. Overloading of facilities$ {+ b3 `. c4 X! U
176. Stall-in$ p* M' R5 f1 g7 R* }+ e4 ^, p
177. Speak-in# J+ O, S8 m0 S# r' o4 D' v
178. Guerrilla theater# P0 D0 Z0 b: V8 j+ N
179. Alternative social institutions- e; {( c N0 @7 n
180. Alternative communication system
& v, P8 n, z4 Z/ D# q2 B
/ \) O5 I! [: F. f5 [# B2 uEconomic Intervention0 c. ^1 R0 c6 z& P& L
181. Reverse strike
& o, v* p; \7 D$ I 182. Stay-in strike) ], m4 M8 N0 j3 `2 k
183. Nonviolent land seizure0 K0 z$ x6 t0 @& ^9 e; j/ E
184. Defiance of blockades
. o" O+ s3 `1 ~ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
G }- x5 Z( \6 @+ }4 ^: O: ~ 186. Preclusive purchasing2 ~: y/ k5 @( C$ `# E
187. Seizure of assets* w% Y7 |) N h
188. Dumping
% ~9 S2 Q7 j( G$ e5 D* } 189. Selective patronage* o8 a4 ]8 t, ]" [2 P
190. Alternative markets
* n* N* _! d h' ^/ n. v 191. Alternative transportation systems: u: @) E6 q- G8 f
192. Alternative economic institutions+ ^ a$ ]( l6 m6 Y6 ~
$ P z6 o0 g/ Z% U5 r
Political Intervention
( W' `4 F- R8 o 193. Overloading of administrative systems( {/ V1 H( j8 u& s, Z1 Q4 A
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# p I: X/ {! V
195. Seeking imprisonment: }% `1 n. O4 g, v
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) L L2 }' L! A. m) i 197. Work-on without collaboration
% \) D* p; a" f0 M$ Z4 |1 I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
