 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 v7 R$ X1 o: \. X+ e( ?8 s( Z* YFormal Statements$ L m2 u2 b7 v4 h' \4 g
1. Public Speeches
5 w/ b q0 N( C; l2 P 2. Letters of opposition or support
' h) ^. k3 g- a 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 p+ y. u. g- O# t/ D* h" S 4. Signed public statements: Y( o5 V. i- X t3 v, E7 x
5. Declarations of indictment and intention. [0 W2 K; S. n) f" B6 ~
6. Group or mass petitions+ \2 W/ _& T! W" O, N; z
K; X0 j3 Q+ E3 Z2 A0 ]
Communications with a Wider Audience* C! O; q2 {0 b- N- ^' @
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 q) {0 |% [9 i) q% [. M N8 H 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 G) Q; t; ?, Y7 g9 K! Q/ E5 E
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: h- |& s. g! V 10. Newspapers and journals9 Q* o4 W m6 {3 Z/ ^" e8 x Q* N
11. Records, radio, and television3 ^9 a6 A, z& b
12. Skywriting and earthwriting. K: ^7 h: X: W4 y3 J
5 t& _: c5 {7 l) n
Group Representations
$ p! V) ?! M1 n c 13. Deputations$ ?3 T9 b6 I, w" u& {3 o
14. Mock awards
7 r% }/ i. I+ m D; r8 c 15. Group lobbying+ R: e3 y* d* C( Q. x- L% n4 ^
16. Picketing0 H/ V4 Y: [7 _& P" A
17. Mock elections
8 R8 c9 m* L8 ~2 c2 O% i. z+ A: V$ z' U& a k* n
Symbolic Public Acts
! [* t+ ^" H# n9 p' s 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% l6 E& g: I3 c$ F, }2 \ 19. Wearing of symbols
8 [) u# j0 B) A- i6 ]% m) W 20. Prayer and worship
0 T3 m, Z( i. O8 N$ P% I5 D 21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ }1 l+ Z+ M! R& v% v$ O 22. Protest disrobings: [* S/ m: v- B1 k* i
23. Destruction of own property
0 ?' l. [: p3 y2 L7 O7 E2 P9 M 24. Symbolic lights% g' P! c! \' F0 j1 Y2 S/ `8 H
25. Displays of portraits1 U6 G9 M7 H; }3 s- M
26. Paint as protest
, T: E0 y" K9 h/ t7 W 27. New signs and names. G8 ?! X/ }8 ]# H$ ~, w
28. Symbolic sounds
% X% d% p0 f# @4 e L5 { 29. Symbolic reclamations( q1 f* D% h6 S: K: Y+ X+ G7 i
30. Rude gestures! e) q; o5 X4 v n: g2 u8 e
/ [0 O- ~9 i7 i5 I
Pressures on Individuals# c5 g: O3 \/ W7 A. I
31. “Haunting” officials1 g" ]* }# ~" |7 s O( s$ ~/ R
32. Taunting officials% l+ @% X" N; p3 }
33. Fraternization, L4 v$ A% b" n7 I
34. Vigils
: T* e. y7 |! s9 ]/ h1 ]
* d- f( b# d% W: LDrama and Music+ d0 D( F+ F ~! N4 r
35. Humorous skits and pranks% n9 @9 I7 F1 a. I- z/ A
36. Performances of plays and music8 W: v# M0 r" q& d7 T* C( i* X
37. Singing
! c* @3 K# E9 t/ v) Z0 f! d
$ p* i/ w- |. f$ }Processions
! c, ]$ s/ `! P) W/ G( `. ` 38. Marches
& e K2 @5 V! H. y 39. Parades( S: Y" Q4 _$ X9 |0 Y0 H0 F
40. Religious processions8 {4 G9 Z+ A; p7 w' B
41. Pilgrimages
. b" ~" x m. H+ y 42. Motorcades/ ~( l( d' N$ p- j: Z
0 _# z* ^6 P/ u" O# i
Honoring the Dead, L* N5 v2 j' d2 H) J/ _, E
43. Political mourning
6 b; p; Y5 M4 P 44. Mock funerals
0 z/ P& g% d0 x 45. Demonstrative funerals
- ]. [; m! Q1 [) r; ^7 O 46. Homage at burial places, Z9 q: }1 G5 R" D
- v( ]( i9 m7 X+ R9 }
Public Assemblies, i2 z2 e5 @; x1 i/ T* z) h
47. Assemblies of protest or support( b x1 U, ]5 d+ v0 ? ?, ^
48. Protest meetings
- Q" B+ E) F6 x# \6 s) x 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 c$ ^+ H1 M- N3 h
50. Teach-ins7 H6 A$ Z3 B) Z! N7 L% p
: n$ h1 _, l' [6 j9 l' p
Withdrawal and Renunciation
8 G/ r0 p4 R) q; x 51. Walk-outs
$ s) C& i7 p1 p 52. Silence
* l9 [# D( R& R% t! h4 |0 N 53. Renouncing honors8 G2 J1 x# U. v7 y
54. Turning one’s back+ g, O. Q4 O2 s4 A5 x' J, p! Y- A3 V
4 c% M' [/ T- W; k
2 x/ ?4 |4 @+ a+ \
3 L, D: }! e6 e. a$ L7 |$ j2 t+ eTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, o- l; ?/ X# o4 c3 x/ y
# ?: ?+ d2 W, ]$ o) K 5 {, v/ N' P1 Y2 u7 f; n
: U& G; Q, v* \) O$ LOstracism of Persons
/ m; M! Q, y5 u7 h' ]$ g 55. Social boycott
/ ]& Q" E; w! B- p 56. Selective social boycott
' p9 `& u t. c9 L3 I 57. Lysistratic nonaction
. x: s( c( k( ?" e) V 58. Excommunication/ m# D$ x+ T2 W
59. Interdict
: x: r4 J- x/ f: b* s. V
' `) I1 u. S3 |; W1 g4 WNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 [7 B( j2 h* a. P7 a5 s) o" V 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 Z9 Y9 l' H9 V7 {; O! C) E 61. Boycott of social affairs5 k) y* F7 O: B1 t2 W" @
62. Student strike o7 A5 T: b3 j/ ^4 d/ u+ @! o5 A
63. Social disobedience/ X4 ?( x& B$ _
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 f6 F1 G' W( ?6 ~9 b5 E' ~
9 M. w7 h* u8 k3 b" dWithdrawal from the Social System
& @- s. m* e5 F; i+ q9 L) G 65. Stay-at-home
. X) \: P; U$ d- s% ?) V5 {# h 66. Total personal noncooperation
4 `& ?: s5 p y7 |$ ?% ]$ \ 67. “Flight” of workers( H6 Y+ p2 t: i* T* P8 r% x
68. Sanctuary( @ \4 D( I K# n* |
69. Collective disappearance; O, M- a* b. h1 q! ^
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 P7 E) q5 s8 k% @# H
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* s2 J! Q9 u Q1 TTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; Y2 F$ j9 z' l2 j) m
" I$ E4 F; d7 c; l# X; X " V$ T0 J% j, e0 H m
Actions by Consumers
9 |1 T3 u# V5 y7 h( Y6 P# q3 A 71. Consumers’ boycott
$ d" w( [7 B6 t9 e5 I 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: p8 m2 }3 {, W; l 73. Policy of austerity! \. J: H: x) g& ~, o# H+ D' _
74. Rent withholding1 i6 U* O8 ?3 t( a' B- g
75. Refusal to rent% S+ Q3 @6 j- @& [5 Z( ^. f) @
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 V' U/ G- w3 g4 Y' \ 77. International consumers’ boycott
% D* J P3 }2 L6 l
4 h5 C, h# A( ^' p- M) A7 o! M; yAction by Workers and Producers& [) H% E0 }( C- I' V4 ~6 i& }
78. Workmen’s boycott
6 `4 Y: s6 L! X. V" `4 s 79. Producers’ boycott
' {* Q. ?3 d' Q+ m- D7 ?- y/ i4 |0 [& g* `. ` d: O
Action by Middlemen
- H2 E. p9 s& ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( T, U! `0 m S
9 E' l4 @4 h8 H0 h$ E' _3 @- R; S& N
Action by Owners and Management8 ]( I- u/ `6 P' G' t
81. Traders’ boycott0 `9 M1 W8 a9 l/ K- t
82. Refusal to let or sell property
) W( F7 T5 J) w" {; b* B. q 83. Lockout
% E: N0 Q& a# D* l1 F* \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 d# C. a2 l- V; a- Q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 o2 i% L) Z& u8 j7 S
& @; a6 Z9 E. ]! ~' ^, [' w5 O
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 M( v" T0 ?* \, k 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& N2 r2 x5 t" Q% _' t- u# P2 b
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) q6 Q4 v5 T' m. W$ e 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
8 v6 }0 g$ r% o4 W 89. Severance of funds and credit
9 _6 x% B5 y' M1 j2 O* c2 M7 ~; ]& b+ A 90. Revenue refusal: X% g0 a1 c4 x3 e
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 O! f; H9 _- b- D
8 t& D5 G) `! L$ PAction by Governments
, b9 p. n# }0 z! l 92. Domestic embargo
, [! p1 w, g* Z# [* y# i 93. Blacklisting of traders
& |% Q3 V+ w% d 94. International sellers’ embargo
: Z$ l! K2 u7 F/ _* Y. f5 J8 s: B 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 a4 u) |# L6 ?: d/ t 96. International trade embargo
9 V9 O) {* f" p9 M1 a' Z: s/ Z1 Z! n' Y' O+ {" _
; k1 t, n' Y- }" ^! k6 F7 m* g- _2 B1 u% h6 Z# {
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ N( W6 ^* m8 w4 F# j/ w7 h
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Symbolic Strikes
7 t }$ r) L# {) E# S 97. Protest strike p0 Y( L& K# w! z: s5 R
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, v/ g5 F8 u/ U0 z( b7 v: H+ v
t4 @- t- Y' b2 |Agricultural Strikes
; }' Y. z+ x# |3 T 99. Peasant strike% ?! i0 w- ]* h/ s
100. Farm Workers’ strike2 N r/ k k6 d/ x
/ @2 x, |. ^3 j+ u# y2 }Strikes by Special Groups
5 ]; W8 d5 ]5 T( I& \ 101. Refusal of impressed labor6 U; S* e+ ?/ O/ _
102. Prisoners’ strike% M$ T* ]; L* e+ N
103. Craft strike
! S7 I. r- O5 {9 T& c# i, U: I 104. Professional strike
7 n% a8 \7 y- K; W+ {
$ | a6 X- {9 A; f4 J2 l) JOrdinary Industrial Strikes
+ [5 j6 p+ x. I' e2 } 105. Establishment strike
4 x' y( T% ^& g! L" O 106. Industry strike3 z7 C0 v. c7 y: ?# N3 s
107. Sympathetic strike$ h' ?- K% `; j; N, m
5 j$ c, @3 }. W ~) G, a. ?
Restricted Strikes
* u" L# d6 B+ C3 \ 108. Detailed strike
# o/ ^3 j( [0 b2 y 109. Bumper strike" p: y6 G3 J, U# }& O
110. Slowdown strike3 H1 f$ r, P& T3 }
111. Working-to-rule strike
) d# |- o7 O! r2 B9 I Q, {, R; G 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 J0 j0 G" w: [
113. Strike by resignation' W6 s9 ]% t/ C
114. Limited strike
8 r4 N8 o0 n( ^* ^# Y8 e 115. Selective strike
" ~% F' Z0 q0 \9 D8 ]+ D0 b- n$ h& T" X1 m) H
Multi-Industry Strikes
" O: K1 ^9 T( a4 t0 ]8 M) k
# m2 p" h9 M: L" T 116. Generalized strike# O3 J: J1 J% _5 D5 U F$ k d
2 \- B U* G6 y( @
117. General strike
! |. i B6 c- @1 ]/ j( ]3 |0 o) ~ V8 Y) [
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 A; J" J4 [: F2 N- N7 V. b1 `9 o1 t2 S
1 {, B' s) s) c0 K4 \% c 118. Hartal
* a8 N9 u- I, u* K' i$ t: a0 ^
7 F6 a4 Y- I7 W& E- V 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 P( w3 w& Y# p9 |! X
7 R) S9 V: I1 h; v
3 y; B9 Y% d: ^( E4 k& H4 }5 q/ RRejection of Authority4 }" A1 n* ~2 y: W. A
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- e) g) \# o+ ?
121. Refusal of public support
- `- m# \$ m" Y y- ~$ k/ R% X. ]. B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 j5 X5 L- n) y9 B6 Q/ F
$ C' X; z; `3 b: W! V
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ H/ [# O) y5 Y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 o' p$ F( [! h7 b- |
124. Boycott of elections
# o- N+ [& O" W* V6 q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ i; V/ f/ o% H4 P$ a2 b
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
p& {$ u3 i+ R( I9 o/ o# e7 ? 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! }7 I' D- o- U7 g/ o2 A8 M% N% U
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 m/ \* z' I8 z1 X$ \6 [' H8 C% h
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ X. v/ g$ `$ p: d9 [; e7 t' c" e& M 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 o8 F/ C. u& M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- D' i# F; V: ]) l, k 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 q& L ~' P e- u% o3 ?
8 _2 F, ^5 G! L
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, Z/ e/ o2 l) n" V) u& A& C* s' w4 W
133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 O' A! ^/ \+ F: [4 W+ {7 q5 q$ p
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' I" m) l' ~+ ?3 B+ M, R4 S( r6 Y, z w 135. Popular nonobedience3 o# j7 @* [. q* } i2 Q# X& v
136. Disguised disobedience) @( n+ y h0 ~$ K( S+ w
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ r' V5 ^! Z: d 138. Sitdown
! L- S# B# K4 x; q m5 N 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 e' _* J! K( T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) U4 g/ j4 j+ U0 H4 L; `
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, ?' O4 n% q h/ z# \+ P8 @% K8 i. D6 {
Action by Government Personnel6 `& \ H- E# p& `0 E# w
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- ?% Y p- G, N) w% D5 q( a 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; R0 k+ S' e* w% d 144. Stalling and obstruction
9 k& p d! ?7 ]& d 145. General administrative noncooperation2 v* L/ k# e9 O( |" |
) i- R. m) ~* V# p& F l4 |: N 146. Judicial noncooperation! j: {; d) _, Q! s
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- C2 y% N4 a0 h4 |7 | w
148. Mutiny
5 u p! }6 J3 Q" _6 a% V! \Domestic Governmental Action6 ^ y! U p6 @8 p2 G
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 B! M' Z- o) w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 l8 T' ]5 O8 o" B) v }
' l" r9 s) ^( e3 }8 g# ]International Governmental Action$ a' t$ |9 c. _, W4 P1 ^ x# | P$ ?
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, H* c& B6 z* n* M6 B' D: Q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) k- ?, m* M7 a
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; _! Z$ h: o: J 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 o& L3 l" R4 L: `9 K1 u/ I$ k
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! H q5 b( g/ J7 K+ ]5 B 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) h$ |. Q/ j4 |: }! A' Z. p 157. Expulsion from international organizations3 S2 X V% a. O9 o# _: D0 b
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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1 ] A% e. p+ w4 M* k0 }- LPsychological Intervention
; x% d+ \1 N1 R' B: u4 ^" b 158. Self-exposure to the elements
; B, Y' z; ^" v. d1 I2 V+ n 159. The fast, F2 Y/ z) p( ?$ f6 D; s5 f
a) Fast of moral pressure0 s) Q, A6 |, H, X) C9 R
b) Hunger strike
+ F3 U* v. D8 d) i7 S& P2 U. [ c) Satyagrahic fast8 o- }6 K4 D* M& _( X% o* c
160. Reverse trial/ f7 y' z+ v$ V/ t( `! @) s
161. Nonviolent harassment
( H& u6 y! X @ H7 N) ~! ~% `7 ~
1 v6 J' B3 E5 {. Y5 [' Q& rPhysical Intervention& B) U5 B8 ?- [5 M( S! o. G
162. Sit-in
0 I1 q/ x! T6 H* b% G; R 163. Stand-in
: J% ?3 Y: w8 H 164. Ride-in0 X; e a" ]+ R6 j9 R
165. Wade-in
1 }6 Z, w. T/ t0 R8 Q0 { 166. Mill-in$ ^9 P* p2 H( i/ {
167. Pray-in
, e9 S2 j7 v% j3 m6 g6 \ 168. Nonviolent raids8 d6 l: A5 g+ f$ j* f; P( G
169. Nonviolent air raids1 ^- Y0 A5 J: Y7 S
170. Nonviolent invasion2 B+ w5 @8 t( D. \1 I
171. Nonviolent interjection; r3 Q6 i8 L3 n/ f: P' c
172. Nonviolent obstruction
" o* ?3 n* n- i9 s2 P9 h7 A 173. Nonviolent occupation- {; v/ d8 W& }# Q3 o
: l# [1 j1 B N
Social Intervention
7 J h- G+ \4 f 174. Establishing new social patterns1 y( |1 N; z1 D7 v0 W
175. Overloading of facilities
* w: v2 ]3 u, T- } 176. Stall-in8 _" E" M ~' C3 J* k& N0 V
177. Speak-in' x0 B4 C6 q# y1 W7 O) t4 b
178. Guerrilla theater& h* p: R+ q. k1 q" q/ \
179. Alternative social institutions
! _# w5 q9 j' w 180. Alternative communication system
! t# |# M% U7 n2 J2 _1 y. g5 V8 D
Economic Intervention
( y3 K" s# o! X6 l; O 181. Reverse strike
' I) b1 j- H2 u& W( Y 182. Stay-in strike0 E+ H' Q0 x, g4 Q0 e9 F
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 \3 |# `7 ]% y+ B) k+ } 184. Defiance of blockades- L/ I( A/ Z2 X k" _' t. N
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting( v- b S# [2 H" |( N
186. Preclusive purchasing
. {0 z8 r6 j. I 187. Seizure of assets
- r. l- L& B$ c8 o5 M% w: R! l% s 188. Dumping6 V* _+ Y* |3 R* s$ F$ {
189. Selective patronage
, u! W- D0 T! D3 K0 Y4 E# _" P 190. Alternative markets
/ Y" \9 @2 h+ Y2 s. o. P# M 191. Alternative transportation systems* |' O6 L- v4 M
192. Alternative economic institutions, q0 T, R7 c/ l5 W
. V8 G, q0 |* H$ F6 i: `4 z) m
Political Intervention
, l* V1 w4 S1 I# x, _ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! H1 `7 e1 c N3 X- r 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 c$ x1 l/ `+ p E. {$ z 195. Seeking imprisonment6 R0 S. v( Y8 g5 \0 b5 z( T
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws( J& w9 x$ Y3 e& [
197. Work-on without collaboration& v4 ~3 Z z* c- F7 _! D, N
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 w( x9 _& `' Y$ H/ J
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
