 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! b; z" S: ]% r0 B( E; n( {, cFormal Statements
. n3 k4 H1 m) | 1. Public Speeches
. D) p& d# M( l' O2 |; A# c( [ 2. Letters of opposition or support
7 P& [3 `0 y0 F 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 }0 M a" A9 I/ E
4. Signed public statements
- V/ j9 T0 t: t 5. Declarations of indictment and intention- K& H# h. `; `& z w( T
6. Group or mass petitions
9 v' ?+ J, s- a4 d" v
3 {9 [+ b4 r# q( _Communications with a Wider Audience
4 \& j o! f# C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 D0 A. C5 ?0 Z$ R' _8 m/ i 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 x4 }2 T: R- f( m- V
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 k" ?! X& I- w 10. Newspapers and journals
8 _4 e$ l% J! J 11. Records, radio, and television
8 @" r8 V& j1 ]/ V% E 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 @8 z1 F; A/ b, ]2 b' |
, ^$ B- y% L7 j' N" _Group Representations
& p7 B9 i# w. E+ e% M% ?+ Z 13. Deputations7 B- \+ i" g: _* z. W+ E1 ]% F
14. Mock awards8 b% c+ r# a+ p' I/ }+ o
15. Group lobbying: f) _# M. h( K6 Y4 i
16. Picketing
% z3 [9 `5 q- X. l3 g$ J 17. Mock elections" X, y( N9 \) c0 G
1 G2 L$ g: {' y
Symbolic Public Acts# d' P, u) c2 x+ l8 |0 J8 a
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ e; L7 L" g. H- G& V2 e. k" ?
19. Wearing of symbols% K2 @, ]. J( `. O
20. Prayer and worship3 M. C/ R" J+ C! o" w
21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 c; O$ S; R, u2 ^0 \ 22. Protest disrobings- A. r: z/ x" {3 ~
23. Destruction of own property# `5 F- s* `+ m! U$ X" l* `
24. Symbolic lights- m* p0 n3 C7 [5 ~2 s
25. Displays of portraits/ e; m, s0 V& ]1 Z# G
26. Paint as protest
, \9 o) [) R7 n- h' I+ t# T1 l 27. New signs and names
! F) h7 p% ^. n/ R 28. Symbolic sounds& u+ ]" F( r) F; g" ~ K- h6 i
29. Symbolic reclamations! k5 t. @! H) U
30. Rude gestures
8 `& g% D6 W( I4 X9 H
! ~. Y5 e) q6 U6 EPressures on Individuals9 p! F9 e. }' f S
31. “Haunting” officials7 Y2 Q# B) \) A, G& u
32. Taunting officials
/ x% c% `, O& i2 [ 33. Fraternization# I- `% T( V: d# J3 c, N& y: }, e2 B
34. Vigils- ^: [' g7 |) y7 J$ c8 o5 D4 n
: h: P* x) Q2 g/ n+ D" f; l
Drama and Music
) K2 `! x0 H( @! P% R 35. Humorous skits and pranks" T# G) e% \* k2 L
36. Performances of plays and music
3 E( \6 ]2 s: X5 ?' \ W 37. Singing# B4 C; K8 P$ h' K! j
! N+ X1 Y' z6 eProcessions
; v- U& ~9 x" P( _8 o 38. Marches, \$ ^! j$ a: L1 }( J; B" k# S$ O
39. Parades! p' U6 R$ }) w
40. Religious processions
) k$ ]& ~ j4 ~6 ] 41. Pilgrimages
! O" T# J+ Q: ?2 S( N, c% ]* j/ v 42. Motorcades
/ m3 l0 ?" ?9 ?
' V' l" t1 q0 L7 m( p0 ]9 ?Honoring the Dead4 b# R" d2 O1 f+ l" e G
43. Political mourning/ b- E' f) E3 S4 B7 z- P, c2 _
44. Mock funerals
0 j+ H$ F- N" e# c' ^ Z1 b 45. Demonstrative funerals* M1 L" R' v* G% f( [
46. Homage at burial places
- d9 I: e4 ` P2 x8 {; ?+ X' r$ c4 Y/ J: K
Public Assemblies
; j) o/ W+ X1 W 47. Assemblies of protest or support
" C/ } |; z- n" e! J1 A/ f 48. Protest meetings
7 Q% O. F, N$ Y& K5 k; T 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) P( B# t' z2 ?- n5 A
50. Teach-ins
- Z( A4 a0 F( E5 q$ A/ I* O o" e. R0 r2 n, a: f" |% ^' i
Withdrawal and Renunciation
6 g( y2 a0 v; d7 C 51. Walk-outs
. F! N; s" v; E 52. Silence
. F+ z! U3 p! l) o# ]$ W, `) Z 53. Renouncing honors
5 g0 |# P: ]" }' F 54. Turning one’s back8 p! d: J' M8 Z# f' Z
8 }9 Z& r$ K! V+ [
+ q1 f+ t9 A+ [# U3 f
( K; U7 y. P. k% }( S7 C2 R; ETHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 p. [' ^! \: x0 q' A
4 y: g" J6 o% c3 i* ]
9 ], ?/ T# J7 l; c; l$ J* G' A, u
1 K( @" r8 l. f4 e9 f; E8 Z# p4 g$ mOstracism of Persons2 ]0 `' D% O8 t7 p2 F
55. Social boycott
" m: ^5 }( N) R 56. Selective social boycott
3 |9 H2 ^4 B% ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction1 [9 g) T5 ]- A
58. Excommunication
" @1 a( A" ^1 a/ Q8 T! @ 59. Interdict8 _0 f* G+ x$ W2 M4 [! h% X" s
/ b7 W1 r3 K' ]9 H. I: d
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 L) J& t! T7 T9 C! P% a/ d
60. Suspension of social and sports activities& F+ }) s5 S1 o# H! g2 m1 P. j
61. Boycott of social affairs
- y7 [, x% ~& ^+ e1 z+ n, k 62. Student strike2 k1 z% r/ Y C/ ]3 G+ ~
63. Social disobedience: I" R- N9 }! G8 P
64. Withdrawal from social institutions# e- t" ~; T1 e/ P" r
$ d' U7 O/ r2 Z+ q2 d1 t7 {3 yWithdrawal from the Social System# K% H( E N, u5 { P
65. Stay-at-home
3 c. g" b3 o& ^; g 66. Total personal noncooperation# D0 e4 e _& B, [ S9 }" b3 P! E8 C
67. “Flight” of workers4 ?& G) Z$ z: u5 S
68. Sanctuary
4 G" z* D8 P$ @ 69. Collective disappearance
, r5 t7 q* ~+ U" F9 | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
4 s4 c( E; x# U+ ^' O7 @0 e3 v, W3 C
7 F3 z! h6 n. C8 k4 q4 E* H8 U j2 }6 \6 }3 L" u9 ?
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ u% x' S, U' f6 e1 D' U) C- R
* J5 y3 I) w2 ^" z1 y$ l/ U8 ^
+ D: u/ t, H) L7 SActions by Consumers. I4 B4 O- |4 C. ?7 k
71. Consumers’ boycott
, f7 }: ~5 V7 ~& x: H! }0 N s 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 A) N# D, u8 g: n
73. Policy of austerity9 r j! Y$ @+ c# h* l
74. Rent withholding( T. ~; g# i4 y" d( Q
75. Refusal to rent* U) Z! v7 z Y
76. National consumers’ boycott
; T1 o. I8 T4 L& g 77. International consumers’ boycott
{/ n! s y* S: ~! b9 g! z! l) O& M1 {$ _7 a0 A g# x
Action by Workers and Producers" W0 ~$ T: O& H5 k
78. Workmen’s boycott
7 Q3 e: K4 }2 q# G 79. Producers’ boycott
" q* j, i$ m2 \* y4 ?# W
; k; I( h6 J9 K4 l7 DAction by Middlemen* H4 L# @1 F- H, q) D8 T) N
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 m* Q- ?3 `1 m/ ?% H. X
9 K9 @0 d% ~" W' hAction by Owners and Management
" {' Z" _, X5 h" `) n- L( Q+ h# I" K 81. Traders’ boycott
( ^% t/ u$ ^/ l$ R 82. Refusal to let or sell property" d$ i0 Z9 e$ C, K8 v
83. Lockout4 [8 ?% p. B: L. K
84. Refusal of industrial assistance( B0 O5 |" G7 e/ @1 b+ G9 w
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 Q" S- G/ N% W7 G5 `) N
0 _7 H9 u5 q# \4 j1 Z, i# k1 CAction by Holders of Financial Resources7 N4 `- p% [0 _6 ^# n4 ?' I
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. w; |) i% X2 |. T/ D& z3 w- D2 A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 E* p( K0 s, C+ W% V- V
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* d1 V* a, S; R+ R5 A2 H/ V4 f1 m/ b 89. Severance of funds and credit
, l% o) z; A, k% F. ` 90. Revenue refusal
+ S0 [$ ~) |5 P: V 91. Refusal of a government’s money
/ w0 k' t* k l9 O. s& g
_2 |1 o* o/ QAction by Governments
& _. q) T& v; y. i' A9 ` 92. Domestic embargo Z# q4 u4 N3 n9 W3 t
93. Blacklisting of traders
8 F+ i7 W( ^$ @) f# o$ ~0 N' u 94. International sellers’ embargo
% E( T/ u" p! ]3 r5 g) a l! ` 95. International buyers’ embargo6 J {/ g: H0 z' X5 g. n
96. International trade embargo6 Y! ?: P! l' g+ o; ?
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! [+ @' G' e$ [+ a5 Q L/ kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" e4 e& B+ w6 D
" c9 v% X- O9 J+ \& X
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Symbolic Strikes
5 r# q( w( N( X 97. Protest strike
% }- O% @7 [% g 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
& N$ U# Q9 G6 B! C, f
! j+ u& {5 P' r+ KAgricultural Strikes
8 g6 V; X+ w" K& j 99. Peasant strike9 w' _( ?6 s; E5 k ], [& B
100. Farm Workers’ strike' @& C, i6 E6 S; l& K! z0 T4 c
' l1 w7 N7 w4 X' t9 g' w! qStrikes by Special Groups$ K/ D7 D2 Y d; J5 B$ Q, h
101. Refusal of impressed labor
. d3 H3 \. \7 O7 o) J l- i4 z 102. Prisoners’ strike* |: N1 G4 G- {0 M) F
103. Craft strike
& B. p# L% R! P 104. Professional strike$ ?7 d; j! V) J; N8 h
6 ]! }+ e* ~9 p6 T4 U. Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 a6 S4 v4 v: w6 M/ F L C& ^) E
105. Establishment strike# N7 U3 A3 T* A/ L# c% I; j
106. Industry strike' h' R9 _1 ~" J5 d( \3 _( H+ O
107. Sympathetic strike& V4 @7 V/ }# g9 `% y& S
, o( Q% ]+ B" X' J+ lRestricted Strikes
0 t* S" G) D' N, Y3 N5 ^4 w 108. Detailed strike
+ z6 S1 {3 C; P4 x 109. Bumper strike& @1 }8 G3 V3 u; ~$ I1 t
110. Slowdown strike
0 _! o# w8 @" }- i( B8 ] 111. Working-to-rule strike
' v5 F* Y) t# ?. o8 j* K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 M& s: N9 m1 @* o% p
113. Strike by resignation
" ]* B _( s3 l1 \5 K9 l+ V6 M 114. Limited strike4 f3 p* z: Z9 A# P/ a: S! u. _
115. Selective strike
; u8 B* L* C2 X( X# y A; z, M; n/ j
Multi-Industry Strikes
9 J2 @2 b" C9 t/ u8 x( [+ X3 `+ a5 z
116. Generalized strike
/ I7 a0 l& O( b* e4 `3 L* A5 z* h( t
117. General strike
6 r4 V( C- }: R
, \: p, u1 Q0 S; kCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures- N% u) \# s. x2 @) Z" `
8 [ n2 g* m) F2 z* M. T
118. Hartal& h% t c; O0 L+ N
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119. Economic shutdown
2 q% O- e5 J4 ~# C+ A* M$ N' A- f/ I7 h: q
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
# L3 z+ U; C0 b9 L6 b3 i7 Y3 v8 J% @- s, y) q. r9 D/ H
) l; Z/ {1 b) t/ G" x- F8 V
Rejection of Authority
8 A. Q( ]! p' ^9 u 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- K0 \* F* u" z( L. V9 ^( R
121. Refusal of public support# s) H/ Q( l2 o# ~* f% G& a
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ y. L: U2 x. r1 A" a" L, \& \8 ?% q7 D' ~8 j! l2 B& K
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& Y) V% A ~( t W$ Z1 t
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 l1 m4 N2 {) D5 Z) P 124. Boycott of elections" K5 K1 R; Z% p# k4 |! D; X( S
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 m# J* g# L: W4 |; P- J 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; g9 A9 b+ G) \4 [3 ? 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ T& W( N3 {. O6 V
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- ~4 O2 E# U2 m2 [) K: B 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# o! L( r7 Q) U; u+ Q7 D7 Y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( i* a2 F0 A6 o( l7 \% ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, i) Z8 k7 f: F$ x3 B1 T
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# o" W5 C* S5 B( v0 t
% P6 }# V' h2 V3 ]: F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ Y& ]7 i2 {- `( W) I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 G/ X+ [9 m! ~% Y+ Y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- j+ \# P. D; Z, _, s8 u1 a
135. Popular nonobedience, @# @1 D; ~# U/ ^
136. Disguised disobedience* J+ o! N+ }% T* e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse; O, h0 E6 H2 [% U* [
138. Sitdown
3 C0 ^& k+ z( e# F6 @9 a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ ^ U5 ~2 \" h5 o+ l
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ A8 T9 R& a% a: T; o: T5 J6 G# Q) | 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 ~5 U, H2 j( f9 `
- D" B! `' j2 u) E3 ^! xAction by Government Personnel7 i+ L# H, X' L0 M/ y: V7 a7 ]4 G0 _
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 H# t) [" ]& j9 T 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* o! N: o* B3 Q6 {1 N 144. Stalling and obstruction
! i# Y4 b* U: O Y- [ 145. General administrative noncooperation4 s! C% N l1 A! h* J0 y5 S
3 C7 p: \7 T3 m4 Z6 a! E2 n- z/ { 146. Judicial noncooperation' \: M3 I) S: Y1 E7 Z
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! P, I1 V1 @; Y 148. Mutiny+ Z# t' c2 b' ~
Domestic Governmental Action4 m8 B5 k% d- H" \9 f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 k7 U& w* ^4 W" O8 o+ H 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: T J; w5 N, q- R; }1 @) Z a
& z# B6 T$ x c* A& Q: `International Governmental Action
5 I; v( K0 N9 n0 A0 k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ Z* w8 P1 o; Q) H' i
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, Q( p5 n3 L- p! i0 e+ ~& J/ }' j U
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 F% {6 D4 v! S a- i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ I" \" ?% c; Y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations& }/ w7 }! t$ i! m/ B% z! Z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) S& `8 M3 k% C* v# F
157. Expulsion from international organizations2 r6 z8 k& E2 \. l
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6 ~5 S) U3 \) g7 D- J7 `8 i% u8 D3 k: J$ X2 @! S/ Z `
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 o$ G. P* q- o# ?5 x/ L7 f
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- v' k, @3 m! B0 D; kPsychological Intervention
5 Z7 h" w2 O3 b" ` 158. Self-exposure to the elements) Y2 I1 F) i0 r
159. The fast
0 Q& z$ K# j3 G; B6 [3 ~ a) Fast of moral pressure
3 A2 ^4 S% ^8 g, S/ o: ~ b) Hunger strike2 e/ i2 P2 r) {8 T* s6 h' |. T" Q7 M$ l6 ]
c) Satyagrahic fast
6 T% ~5 W# m' R 160. Reverse trial$ e. G+ ^( S9 z. A& ^; w
161. Nonviolent harassment- e9 N2 D9 z7 S# G) |( I
2 h0 l9 ?1 {% B% ZPhysical Intervention$ @- v' @. p; i! M8 }
162. Sit-in. f/ l9 Y4 r& D5 E
163. Stand-in6 R# w) G* Q! B5 K5 p
164. Ride-in
. h6 n8 P# b# K; m6 K' q 165. Wade-in
) {2 z0 \6 v7 s9 ]" X 166. Mill-in# W+ F; A1 {* Y$ W
167. Pray-in" b8 }) G9 O& o" i. C
168. Nonviolent raids; |% B& G) `6 N+ Q! Z8 o
169. Nonviolent air raids& a9 g; g2 \5 ^- B$ c( V+ T5 k
170. Nonviolent invasion* e( I- V$ f3 L: k
171. Nonviolent interjection
: v) R \. O7 [) H3 J/ y1 t# ? 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) U! J9 Z& @" D0 k 173. Nonviolent occupation
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5 J H& X% x4 _) tSocial Intervention
* _6 F+ b/ l; ~! _! x! c- G% I 174. Establishing new social patterns9 O5 S. L. k& p+ O/ B" v$ f
175. Overloading of facilities
; }$ W* d& h5 l4 f, ~' D! b7 ~ 176. Stall-in
0 K& f. C( J9 { 177. Speak-in* A( _; o' l* t9 c9 Z4 b8 n% Z
178. Guerrilla theater8 H! {" C* y& a2 w# @! D$ Q
179. Alternative social institutions
$ ?8 f& n0 n5 v8 o' H& B" d- g0 w3 G' I 180. Alternative communication system3 s6 z' J+ P# j# @: Q/ X( f4 r
4 D6 S, z8 s" x( c- C, C" {Economic Intervention
$ j+ h3 T% O' W+ E 181. Reverse strike
# x# j1 a6 _! K: O' a# B7 b 182. Stay-in strike
# a8 p/ f/ I3 L 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 W9 O; ` u- g- O
184. Defiance of blockades
4 O% a) o- H7 p9 x 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 |$ ?0 \/ K2 G* B3 i) B 186. Preclusive purchasing) \2 F! h. z# p2 A# |
187. Seizure of assets
6 \& N& R4 d: p! F 188. Dumping j- \- E0 r8 E8 d" h( Q9 ]) `
189. Selective patronage5 J" g" Y( {# V; z5 x
190. Alternative markets0 W7 R4 w8 Q1 I! u0 E) [& Z
191. Alternative transportation systems
" P+ y7 X* @/ w f6 x 192. Alternative economic institutions5 s& y* h0 v" i- F' N
9 m4 M7 E' g0 BPolitical Intervention
# x$ n* A1 J" j9 w" T/ M 193. Overloading of administrative systems" l6 e* H: I/ u( g @
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
]' R$ w) A) {: u$ |' X( f) G; j 195. Seeking imprisonment% P7 \# h" O) G% _
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 l7 d: G7 O: \
197. Work-on without collaboration
, ~! c$ _8 a* I$ _" |4 ? 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" ~( t* }9 R+ [8 k- l$ ?
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
