 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, A6 z/ O+ o# r
Formal Statements
( C" W8 k9 e7 U5 L 1. Public Speeches
6 R" I* t$ _1 L. a2 ~2 G4 T1 k' X# w7 t 2. Letters of opposition or support# V6 r, {$ h2 o
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 |: h0 [/ S& a6 F( f% V. n. T
4. Signed public statements1 E: K* x7 Y- r/ M
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 O, I9 Z0 T* n' O- o6 e4 i
6. Group or mass petitions$ w/ K2 ^9 {1 ]* w# w" |7 m
: z* ^% ?/ L6 B; h! H1 P
Communications with a Wider Audience
% O9 x* K5 N) e' l# k 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ ]5 M! p0 _8 ?( L) a2 s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 |) K6 q- x- X) x+ L: u- Q$ G
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ r8 z4 j, H8 m; d6 K4 v2 j
10. Newspapers and journals1 v4 R, m% ~% ~# f G! [. d7 ~* O+ J
11. Records, radio, and television
. p S4 t, Q. K5 ?5 a* ^, _; \ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 ?, D( U3 v; ]% K
" f( a, z6 ]$ S9 y( o: W+ m R# P. dGroup Representations
* I) l. _$ W5 m 13. Deputations
- v5 z/ U8 ^+ g 14. Mock awards$ P3 F% r- A0 s. i% T
15. Group lobbying n* H& Y" f n( X$ R2 M
16. Picketing/ c9 K2 i/ D+ t7 g/ l/ A
17. Mock elections T/ t! f. z3 S5 }; w; {) Q
4 J' G H5 m) u$ U0 SSymbolic Public Acts
, Q' \( [8 R! T 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" ^: T z% x8 P/ ~( o$ i* k; ` 19. Wearing of symbols
~/ x/ ]( Y/ H0 V 20. Prayer and worship+ L6 G+ q3 f; O- k
21. Delivering symbolic objects$ ?, k; x+ ~0 [- b. M
22. Protest disrobings$ A+ b3 {8 s2 S, f
23. Destruction of own property
) F' }% H, k5 P 24. Symbolic lights6 \( P1 Q/ e1 t O' W/ q
25. Displays of portraits
& z- t9 ^2 F' K 26. Paint as protest( ^( a6 i( m2 g& {5 ~8 K2 j
27. New signs and names
, l, I+ p9 ?8 H0 O* k 28. Symbolic sounds
; z- \3 Y4 K4 c7 j1 ? 29. Symbolic reclamations: r' O. B- ` j9 |: h
30. Rude gestures
( l p M) J% Z7 C* N
Z4 q; s9 q) PPressures on Individuals0 p0 V7 w1 d& W
31. “Haunting” officials
& {/ X, p0 a3 \ 32. Taunting officials
. Q% [+ {, W! K. k+ R% X 33. Fraternization& _1 B$ `; K/ c# x! }) O7 @
34. Vigils
( f4 C/ b3 M7 Z
( J6 N3 ]+ o+ k# Q/ |$ T) _Drama and Music
* i d8 D, l, F2 ~& Z2 s. } 35. Humorous skits and pranks) c8 m. z2 x; k4 s
36. Performances of plays and music) f7 m) q8 j! B* N' Z6 h
37. Singing
e( ~! B( l: p3 r" G- S9 J: N+ _5 F: N7 I
Processions0 d1 I$ E) B# q: o
38. Marches) \: y, T* e6 X8 l6 i( S
39. Parades* h) h( @4 d" ]& S- h; y
40. Religious processions% p6 _# B/ X) R9 z4 \
41. Pilgrimages
4 e& |. V7 O. h( O# A7 k" L 42. Motorcades L( k' x9 g; C( L. h
: {# f9 `4 k4 b/ a, G+ Z
Honoring the Dead
+ T- j+ ^/ K& ^" ~ @ 43. Political mourning9 ~& Y& K0 L' L4 |2 c! p* k
44. Mock funerals3 D# ]/ R# {5 V3 e/ A2 p
45. Demonstrative funerals6 G( l" Z1 B. m3 n( n" _
46. Homage at burial places
7 ^6 ]' r8 P. J3 R) k+ J0 N2 h, @
4 x% b& \% R0 I5 [Public Assemblies
# o1 F# M; M; V+ k9 P6 y' q 47. Assemblies of protest or support
% Q4 t3 T" `0 q6 Y0 c 48. Protest meetings
) R$ V- N8 p! E4 i1 T 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 U7 X4 l4 v% \1 V+ u4 G
50. Teach-ins
# X# E5 M* @, A
: C5 O9 x. L3 f- ?7 N' D( z$ K. MWithdrawal and Renunciation
3 f4 f$ G( Z5 N- E$ t 51. Walk-outs
) x$ ^- A4 y0 G- j 52. Silence
/ M1 T e9 Y9 ~0 L: h. z 53. Renouncing honors4 s( N! o( R- y; l. g
54. Turning one’s back
7 {% v/ s( Y# Y/ r4 I& v( w8 w
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$ J8 D7 ?! Z* S! q7 W, R
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 N2 w" c& @# c4 f0 N) Y+ W1 c$ B6 D
7 P$ K0 p; v x7 Y6 s F" K
+ ]0 ~; o7 @* f4 U+ X! O9 A k- D) A1 Z% o
Ostracism of Persons4 D1 r q: c. _) D! @' a
55. Social boycott2 G3 x2 R, \) U7 n. ^
56. Selective social boycott- F, S% Y) a" M1 o0 m# n
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; H& i: {# I; c: ` 58. Excommunication2 e8 q- O9 b7 E
59. Interdict
1 ?6 N4 i v* l( B" n+ C+ t0 ^' M9 F% N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* w$ T, N3 j! D$ L) t' R2 \ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities" K5 [$ ]. _& S
61. Boycott of social affairs( G G8 R( J4 B+ c
62. Student strike
* R" ?* a6 E" N1 \0 U$ q1 i3 `2 g* ] 63. Social disobedience
8 H, q$ p( w+ P' B% o* m" ` 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! {6 N7 J0 x4 F) k5 q/ x" I" F
" w* k% h' N" B. z
Withdrawal from the Social System3 R* `3 q4 \6 Z
65. Stay-at-home* u/ U. k1 u5 ~8 z0 |
66. Total personal noncooperation) D' b; q/ a+ L; y
67. “Flight” of workers
8 _1 ]) a2 h# O0 w6 F 68. Sanctuary
) f+ u7 |6 k$ U7 i; y, ~& l" u9 i 69. Collective disappearance
% h2 s+ w% ~$ w3 K( a, z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& V# `4 i f# Y# I0 Z, E8 Q$ Q" g/ l0 s) i% e) N9 N
# T; `# p! X& Z+ C
/ N) y( h3 m0 BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 M, X$ {0 e5 Q! @4 r6 b+ o9 o0 [
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% ?; ?, k, X9 `9 A
Actions by Consumers
0 L. X2 l6 }0 k: F8 S* S0 t; X 71. Consumers’ boycott. Q& }5 b& E) Z" `
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 L0 r! W- ~2 Y0 ^8 w7 n 73. Policy of austerity
3 A d8 L" c0 a 74. Rent withholding
0 V: n& m! c Z! [9 U2 w 75. Refusal to rent T9 u8 s# {$ a! F
76. National consumers’ boycott, s& U# i$ Z1 S
77. International consumers’ boycott% a6 O: s4 z$ q3 e8 K
6 \8 t% Y) b* Z- W" I8 DAction by Workers and Producers2 R3 b" A: V2 W
78. Workmen’s boycott x8 h. Q2 F& P* T2 @4 ]. g
79. Producers’ boycott n/ f0 R4 L. R) i0 b2 l" L
3 i* P5 p+ x0 u/ [; z$ g
Action by Middlemen/ Z) r' t% b* f. L7 l k9 x
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% \3 e' f, U* B+ |% |+ x
* T4 V$ R# _' PAction by Owners and Management' \ ~% J' X4 Y; l
81. Traders’ boycott5 I. n0 \% e( m7 u Q. c2 Q
82. Refusal to let or sell property
* g' x# `$ I- n 83. Lockout. U$ r7 k9 z3 S8 ~; ^8 t. {6 ^
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, R8 i: z4 N! h3 [( i
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! L: e' P! b1 u& E3 b, t2 J" g- o( y3 J* F$ M! \) Z- A
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
+ N5 k3 N7 g! U# u, | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: t# q7 ^& J$ O7 Y8 d5 R4 X 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' g+ L6 X! c4 |3 ? 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% I' @" y9 w+ [$ Y& W! q 89. Severance of funds and credit
, s5 o% N+ X* Y' J) ^ 90. Revenue refusal5 F& D' g; S) C2 @
91. Refusal of a government’s money3 R! b( Q" B2 S) M x" g
$ d+ E2 r3 j+ A' ]; u3 u; [Action by Governments
& Z( f) `* R. _6 o 92. Domestic embargo4 e7 n# }5 T; s- O" r
93. Blacklisting of traders
' {3 P" Y4 r4 `4 e6 L' D 94. International sellers’ embargo( Y; n# M: y+ U4 N
95. International buyers’ embargo
7 R) v8 o6 H: t. `2 V" t' M. U 96. International trade embargo
L5 k+ C" S! j: ^8 Q# X( R
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: D- r2 [- v$ J8 Z0 Z+ }9 UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 W3 d2 F( I( T8 _0 I0 {0 x) R- M
6 n3 P! I; D; u$ f. Z
; u q4 b7 o& j4 Q& v: V6 D+ z3 rSymbolic Strikes& w, f) t1 [* y
97. Protest strike
' j- d) J, d ?) h 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" B- S4 o, y7 `) r3 h7 Y j b0 \7 p
0 G. i! E# G0 e) N5 }/ lAgricultural Strikes4 P9 c" C5 w* T2 t5 {+ e6 U
99. Peasant strike2 P, g; f9 X2 w" e- _5 W
100. Farm Workers’ strike! a) W* d' Z D# c% ]9 s
y9 n4 ]' F, h8 G% v* L
Strikes by Special Groups* K0 _3 D& V9 w# \
101. Refusal of impressed labor
) e( B; k Q0 V# r8 ^ 102. Prisoners’ strike
+ _& A6 m& q6 T2 M1 \ 103. Craft strike$ F2 A) Y0 o/ ~- C; M" R) k
104. Professional strike4 E! n* ^8 G! Y% u: D
$ _" `; C/ x* p8 e
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ ]3 F2 o) F6 S0 G3 T) L( h 105. Establishment strike
& y" ~, v2 D2 W) \ 106. Industry strike: }* N b' Q; d/ O& X' W! f+ e! B
107. Sympathetic strike/ a- A$ {1 W& O8 u2 l1 i' z
& `1 O) g5 M8 W7 a* I2 BRestricted Strikes
9 i, d, X6 E$ U1 ^) k2 F% w H 108. Detailed strike
& s+ C8 M0 d! `; L& e 109. Bumper strike8 l; i# Q9 ~) l" t% j' k% b
110. Slowdown strike) \% e; F7 f/ o* c0 k9 _; b z
111. Working-to-rule strike
. s9 H8 g5 T& H; w+ o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); x$ A, J: N+ i+ Y0 \
113. Strike by resignation
. a, D5 Q$ @1 X3 p, h5 F 114. Limited strike
$ @9 y" v. i% Z2 A7 m 115. Selective strike0 F0 o7 w4 P+ e8 s; u6 a/ C
; D1 ~) C, g6 _! ~9 u6 a9 M) VMulti-Industry Strikes
+ k5 H! }5 M# B, I N* `+ v6 a
% u- E) A3 O/ M; ^! z 116. Generalized strike. G7 J, S. V6 d5 p8 R: m
* I2 E" D; v5 c5 J, i+ j. i
117. General strike d- `" Y$ W3 z
d; @4 E( ]: ^: f* @' @4 Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 W' O. b8 I( ~$ V% `! O$ z- y
7 [ l- S( w4 l. o' p+ }( l
118. Hartal3 [4 h' J7 C: D. ?/ [
9 U- o2 G- w( m! ?# J+ I% s7 ]
119. Economic shutdown
$ Y& a* z- N, F7 p6 ~! F+ f% W% P/ x* n2 i
1 o; L) d& [; j6 b) ~. u$ @+ I4 Y# f, K: R9 i( k+ x1 ~" W
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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( D) j: |, M# N3 B- DRejection of Authority
, o3 N5 ~ d/ D8 N. V 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& F( f; ^+ M6 u2 N3 t: Z" u4 K
121. Refusal of public support
W8 i0 r1 m% s9 m! z- [6 w5 Z$ B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 x) N" e0 |6 ~/ ~
6 E* G2 D' Q7 S: N! ^8 eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government! ~- K: W1 x; h4 M! t
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
0 J2 j+ n9 X- V. e8 V$ A 124. Boycott of elections" z( P. w6 s, p, k" U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions; ^" _- _6 L& G* A. w# d
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ t+ r6 ]' k9 y& i/ I1 N: K; N 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* g" J# H! f( t' Q' W+ ]6 I$ O
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ [7 V6 t9 i% k& C* a* C8 _; a
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents T* L4 t* u% {
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ U7 K$ Y$ V( d6 _ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 ?& c3 a- T7 s. |9 X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. g$ ^/ j: _ z& p2 L% w# @2 |
' a+ J8 j" j$ W, j# m& L/ }Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' O/ m7 {9 _6 Z$ x% b: W/ q! a
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 D- q$ a/ `: L* H M
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 g; a) l& W4 t7 h) M 135. Popular nonobedience
) d* [8 ~6 X) q. X7 J# j9 Z5 K 136. Disguised disobedience
+ m* l/ _% e1 s) K! G+ A9 k; ? 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ \/ |2 r& ~ s# o! L
138. Sitdown# T1 h5 v x! M9 Z: o
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 q; ~; A, V5 A/ O3 j1 y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ v$ }& E7 d8 s- A' E3 |& J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 b) U9 n y7 q
' I: d: \6 d4 n/ Z+ }' CAction by Government Personnel: L4 K! O+ z6 Q5 Y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ p, k" m7 B, Q/ n' G7 h- I
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# f3 L2 d# s& b8 S 144. Stalling and obstruction1 I- M) x9 H& \7 Q4 p _( S" C
145. General administrative noncooperation
# d' R; e! D4 z5 F" x U( x: h* C
& k" y) X) f' \0 |- z 146. Judicial noncooperation0 ?) M# z4 g7 z$ S3 H9 Y/ `
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; k6 f0 J' e9 e9 ^0 ^
148. Mutiny& n0 j0 a' \2 X9 R- _# y
Domestic Governmental Action& f6 b; G7 i# J# m6 Y& u
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( w; {. Q- ?7 h6 l$ d! F5 H! H
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; [! X* n, b( F/ a- b2 M# }
9 ~7 [' C: _+ u. \9 [1 p& @International Governmental Action4 Z, ]$ M9 s# S1 L7 Z4 E3 ]
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" Q8 t2 R5 g: @* l7 r 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& a- V" w) P3 Z ^
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. G- J# C1 F, V+ ?! Y h0 g; ~
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ h& C9 w3 L+ H2 b+ v2 w 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! q5 F6 s( w0 J3 l# ]9 ^ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" W. P1 c3 J8 S, ?( a* Y 157. Expulsion from international organizations# Q( [! \' ?! @" M" @! Y3 \
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9 Q% c+ }5 b0 c2 m& fTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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, b" y) x& w! | & ~4 _% \$ n* b# \+ @! }, j
Psychological Intervention3 c O( H m! o2 `6 z
158. Self-exposure to the elements
o: ]. `3 c/ O( v 159. The fast
/ |! ~& z2 n n d4 n& h a) Fast of moral pressure; e7 j; }: d5 x, d/ L. Z, f
b) Hunger strike
# N& V0 F* l; I5 {0 s c) Satyagrahic fast
! E B" J8 Y: a% [ 160. Reverse trial4 i# t. N$ V( O/ V
161. Nonviolent harassment
9 ~* Y0 m% W1 \8 k, i5 U9 \1 u4 F4 K8 o8 [- }
Physical Intervention
0 ]) x |, n/ Z2 b6 C, ~1 [" \ 162. Sit-in
7 d; U% i8 ^4 ?! h6 K- j 163. Stand-in- \9 F! F$ E _
164. Ride-in
& [3 x- l8 K1 R. A" ?: l5 e1 o 165. Wade-in
M# [& Q7 z; ]/ t; \1 t/ i 166. Mill-in
# X4 W# `. j! f, S" r 167. Pray-in) T7 R- Q3 U2 c& l, O) c
168. Nonviolent raids
' X! Z2 u3 G% I! Z; F+ _+ _7 n5 N ~4 b 169. Nonviolent air raids
6 W" ^7 ]* t: F/ ~3 V' O$ A 170. Nonviolent invasion0 ?4 N4 J' F" b3 Z6 g4 T: N
171. Nonviolent interjection
( i" h* M6 k5 @6 p& ] 172. Nonviolent obstruction8 ~: b, K, M8 D+ ?
173. Nonviolent occupation
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: G/ T/ P- f3 GSocial Intervention
# N5 z; `+ i. @% t1 S! l1 C 174. Establishing new social patterns
/ A7 M/ z& ?8 f 175. Overloading of facilities, P; O+ i2 P4 n) E+ c. y- q3 m
176. Stall-in
/ p# x! G' K5 {! S% O# _3 w2 E 177. Speak-in
4 J5 x. ?( Z+ `, [# h+ C 178. Guerrilla theater" N% Y. ^) T0 `1 X
179. Alternative social institutions" |2 V1 k1 I6 _* o) g+ ^9 L3 X+ k/ X
180. Alternative communication system
4 o) e' h6 W& b! f' z2 J, @; w( ^4 v8 v j+ i& u8 l+ e; Q
Economic Intervention
3 s5 x0 T) I: B( U# D5 Z( [% p 181. Reverse strike6 o4 u2 _' t9 \! g+ E5 |
182. Stay-in strike
7 J6 k, w/ } a5 F. E 183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 V3 W1 |* x; [8 k4 {2 g 184. Defiance of blockades
6 ]1 R9 y$ K% q9 o6 L5 P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ x; Y9 K5 g& h* M% X 186. Preclusive purchasing
& x8 x# A3 N( y 187. Seizure of assets4 x4 x( _1 J% {( l
188. Dumping# {. p0 U, M1 Y1 ?' W
189. Selective patronage
& V0 F" A- H5 u. x2 R# G: y6 [. D 190. Alternative markets
; s% B1 |* A/ b7 k+ k. q; B 191. Alternative transportation systems+ e" K6 \& J1 g3 R1 n- y
192. Alternative economic institutions. Q6 B5 g: a j2 b
3 t; D/ _* D: P N. O( I: g; uPolitical Intervention
$ R* E/ C0 H; B0 K3 ^ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ o$ ]( ^3 q( m7 l8 a) |# u 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ ]: W4 ]3 u/ h) j2 n2 m. C
195. Seeking imprisonment
( g. c) W5 D" q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; k' J8 e5 i7 U+ n* Z7 l 197. Work-on without collaboration% D; R6 L2 y1 H# [; y5 X
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( {' H2 s0 b, ~! F4 i
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
