 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 i- y0 d* `4 g/ o7 a
Formal Statements, X0 u- T# J& H0 ^4 \
1. Public Speeches9 [2 H D9 E( Z7 u+ J3 S
2. Letters of opposition or support$ z4 T1 O( Y, i- A
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ j. w- A: q9 Y& H- p: A6 P( g0 A
4. Signed public statements2 M. Q+ \6 A3 e1 m: _$ q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention% [0 ?) b: O! e5 ~
6. Group or mass petitions
9 v6 H5 u6 m/ b! s1 H- I# R
6 {! v3 Q, E, rCommunications with a Wider Audience8 B; ~* K T5 b- C2 a+ `
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* ]6 k/ X8 I0 R$ x, v( P( w
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 Q# {9 Y, C- o( j+ A* Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 I# T! ?" E* W+ u6 k
10. Newspapers and journals
4 B6 |* m# T% F$ y2 f6 i+ N/ ?3 [ 11. Records, radio, and television
8 s8 u2 K: u2 _8 ~ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
2 w* A2 F) W0 h$ R* J$ ?8 n( W! [' |$ l3 V: y' P
Group Representations
# n5 L- z+ d" `) X0 T 13. Deputations
4 f3 X' b$ x; _$ l 14. Mock awards
/ p5 K3 V8 k. K2 N( G5 K 15. Group lobbying
9 h4 U* C0 P+ ~ 16. Picketing
; o2 h3 f, j( H* }3 c5 d2 L% V+ Z 17. Mock elections
( v3 d& {, a- C6 ?! |3 l; A1 ]# u! @5 J' V
Symbolic Public Acts' ?" g* }8 V4 f' i
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; l4 ]! k" |$ g3 b 19. Wearing of symbols
" y9 t* B W3 w& d+ W- W 20. Prayer and worship6 u1 @" E8 v2 V- ~' Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 E) v: @ ?4 P B$ d$ u0 x 22. Protest disrobings3 d, b& A7 s' _& X% v
23. Destruction of own property x, g, \& y8 K) Q% G* Y, w
24. Symbolic lights/ _1 Y. M; @& f8 I a9 K5 S9 M
25. Displays of portraits; I( h+ K% w. X! x: u
26. Paint as protest4 {+ T- C% M0 v" X, l9 X( K! J- O
27. New signs and names4 b9 O, ?1 R- b8 f$ i: P
28. Symbolic sounds
- m! M7 u+ p& G- C) t8 k 29. Symbolic reclamations
w1 i+ R6 [/ `/ B, c 30. Rude gestures, q k3 ~# M, L1 h& d. E! f+ L
. L4 \+ m5 ?6 L
Pressures on Individuals( O( p! `8 `( O6 S& B& L, Z/ z
31. “Haunting” officials' I/ ?! x, N5 Y" z5 x
32. Taunting officials
$ s( o, Q/ J, ~! I& @: i4 e 33. Fraternization6 m0 V/ G8 O8 {) C# k: Q
34. Vigils9 Z7 e$ V) {% w7 y2 w
$ C5 I6 Z$ S q; ^4 A) b1 m
Drama and Music
8 ^9 w4 }/ T; Y: N 35. Humorous skits and pranks& B5 L- Q- U, L. |, X2 ?: a
36. Performances of plays and music
- ]% o' D8 B* I f$ c* z3 D 37. Singing
5 m" @ m. z0 E1 u h- k M7 S& h* z5 I+ ~! H2 R5 ~3 f
Processions. X* d s- w& s5 \. u0 I
38. Marches
" j" C- i2 ^; G, d 39. Parades; u# \% U9 P# Q3 n! P6 d
40. Religious processions
2 n8 C8 a0 ^6 |, B' A! X" H 41. Pilgrimages
O3 G& |( I$ q$ i* @: J: D* P8 X 42. Motorcades, s; t6 t2 ^6 [* F9 |1 R
( X# X9 u" h! r7 E& C" E& K# H' K
Honoring the Dead
# n( |! U. M5 f& A5 u9 }$ p7 ` 43. Political mourning6 I) {6 R, N( S
44. Mock funerals
4 o: c3 ~2 i5 x& F. p- r. z 45. Demonstrative funerals
: Z7 r& |1 L% ~* O4 ^3 r' T 46. Homage at burial places2 I' Q& W* K' t0 [) b% |6 u4 P' H
* T0 N* z3 `' B' o& H: K
Public Assemblies
# ^1 \, Q7 p0 ~ 47. Assemblies of protest or support( u- K$ N$ R# N) Z* M% Z8 @& u
48. Protest meetings* R" K. l+ T/ N W2 w
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest R3 A0 Z8 r4 E; x2 T$ W
50. Teach-ins
4 @2 \8 ~& D. z1 R
$ u" P- ]/ s6 b+ J2 z. I) a/ g9 q% zWithdrawal and Renunciation& c9 f" L* t& N8 j1 y. g# c
51. Walk-outs" R" k6 V( n1 @1 f4 [
52. Silence) |' b6 E+ Q# y. L2 t8 z
53. Renouncing honors
7 m" r( [* B; m 54. Turning one’s back w3 o8 c t9 u, I+ G2 C# C
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, j3 E& N' G- G, g/ ~/ `
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) Q1 Y2 N: l% ?! B+ q
2 _, ?8 Z5 Y- S: B
/ u% A, H# K6 U* x
4 \" z5 E/ x. l+ w7 R9 ~- YOstracism of Persons
! @2 G. u1 }: D" i# F8 o 55. Social boycott* d6 X& S8 H4 s& o# d( @6 [
56. Selective social boycott$ u2 ^% l; m! K- U! B
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ g9 {$ ^) ~- t F5 j
58. Excommunication
, c; L/ ~. E; d9 y 59. Interdict* {0 t6 T( L- i. d4 F8 m+ v
) E1 Z+ [$ |) K# D3 p e4 c( vNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! [$ ~; j6 V0 k0 e% r" ?1 u& s
60. Suspension of social and sports activities) x/ `+ R/ u9 P! }; {5 o! F
61. Boycott of social affairs4 u/ w% t: B" d4 k, X1 r
62. Student strike5 |$ G$ i, {( d9 E( @5 V' v$ K& V
63. Social disobedience
. t* f2 ~1 s7 N" r9 l 64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 l) J* Q& B9 c
" a( X/ [9 R" Q) T
Withdrawal from the Social System
5 [1 H( d& T" |4 d% ~0 ]) z 65. Stay-at-home* G) ]1 ~' N- F: S; Y' c' z
66. Total personal noncooperation2 O) y& w/ O8 s' P7 w+ N
67. “Flight” of workers+ f* `* k8 x* x! J! n/ c+ H1 V
68. Sanctuary0 h& C$ E' J) o& } D% X
69. Collective disappearance$ _: s- I5 Q- Z! U# `8 m& p+ i( {
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 _/ \1 {. }+ b8 V" r3 i4 u; B7 R1 A, w2 W# G1 K& E' g
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# I) l- Q0 d0 t0 @6 j k J! x( Z- x) KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
3 M2 }& {$ @7 W: z$ g4 Q6 ?* C8 ]- A& U* a/ ^2 G/ f
* |3 y$ b8 B/ w( ]5 |$ _Actions by Consumers% K) {7 L6 z+ h3 o! q/ t" E5 P5 C8 o
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 J" v8 ~# R Z* \+ q; l' R 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 J @9 g1 |: C 73. Policy of austerity
7 c Z# w: a) ? 74. Rent withholding/ Z- l* x6 u. a/ t/ K5 c, {
75. Refusal to rent+ k e1 t5 s, K0 V; i% t( y
76. National consumers’ boycott% C( f" m" i) L( ?
77. International consumers’ boycott
, i& t% X1 a& p. y5 \( c4 h# s4 e, C7 \" R* K
Action by Workers and Producers
" v4 a: Q* s6 K& _+ E 78. Workmen’s boycott& a0 S. C7 B. h0 C
79. Producers’ boycott1 W3 g. L* T* i
; c a7 d1 }. O+ n6 m
Action by Middlemen
- H+ b2 z8 u P b4 J 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ T5 b" n7 y1 b3 J1 f1 v0 Y
! A. E2 x/ \+ _0 A
Action by Owners and Management4 O. V# x& R% M
81. Traders’ boycott e2 P+ w( o. F9 N
82. Refusal to let or sell property
. V/ i: `, K" ^% x" i! `/ j4 E 83. Lockout6 z% u4 q/ j, j' k! B5 Q0 u$ c
84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ T/ M7 z& `" L5 k6 z9 i& K0 N9 U
85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 s# D7 ~) a6 R6 ?0 W* S+ e
$ c+ n a6 I; x( v
Action by Holders of Financial Resources" f! j) u/ v2 `# u* ~
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( w4 i3 o# V6 u/ w/ c0 H5 }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. z6 @% m* s v- } a( x 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& ~: [9 J. h8 ?" p( h8 A 89. Severance of funds and credit( T: [+ [7 N. k0 T5 ]1 z$ Q
90. Revenue refusal8 {" ]& ^- q9 K( f Z0 w0 x
91. Refusal of a government’s money% j4 d1 }3 P8 S. q: L: c9 y- v
) |; Y9 o" V' EAction by Governments! q# [& K/ A& k: g
92. Domestic embargo
' s9 ^& e i' ], ^! S$ @ 93. Blacklisting of traders
" m& r% \, a% S/ b* u* f$ u 94. International sellers’ embargo1 U: @. t+ u) U$ U9 b5 Y
95. International buyers’ embargo- q) e6 {# p$ X4 l
96. International trade embargo- W$ i: Q' E: {
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. o( p: L% r6 \& c7 [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% i9 o0 A$ f1 C! k' g
* L& e" c [! O3 P 5 I6 A d8 \) ~9 U9 W5 T. _
Symbolic Strikes+ ~0 W$ k& j$ z' D O: D! ?
97. Protest strike
r* V0 c9 i- y1 f v& \ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike), {; m. m! h1 q. x& b
" t7 e$ W! G) ~& p. IAgricultural Strikes
: X5 j+ z: u" I- t; d0 a; W 99. Peasant strike
% P6 K" t5 T$ z( `" D4 P7 s0 L 100. Farm Workers’ strike, }& u5 g$ K6 }: q
* y4 j W+ g1 q( L) I* E2 ~8 t% eStrikes by Special Groups
- U' A2 E" u% r7 G! v3 [ 101. Refusal of impressed labor H+ {* D; H6 w8 n$ }3 V6 X
102. Prisoners’ strike
* g! L5 ~8 Q* X& C/ V% M4 ~0 ? 103. Craft strike
# D4 D3 E9 w* d% i 104. Professional strike [7 b4 j- U* H0 A
* I6 l: F6 O! DOrdinary Industrial Strikes
) n% p8 M0 t; @ 105. Establishment strike
" Z0 i3 u4 Z J% v+ X 106. Industry strike
! @, K" m$ w% v I. f 107. Sympathetic strike) E2 K- Z' H" M0 T$ R2 q7 `* J$ O
/ h2 S$ M& m" s7 Z2 dRestricted Strikes1 |7 |; F* b6 B: d
108. Detailed strike- @( m. T9 e2 O M7 c' r
109. Bumper strike- R8 I# |3 w5 w+ k) E+ `. |. j4 V
110. Slowdown strike3 d$ L3 g0 t3 j" L1 O1 S
111. Working-to-rule strike" {! o( Q/ S- d# h' x0 f
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 E: |# q. S, |- S# l7 Y
113. Strike by resignation5 O* q! ~ R" |* b: \8 [' J
114. Limited strike6 t5 C, i* F1 f. _# T, Q7 ?
115. Selective strike6 @5 [( j; w1 B4 E7 w! o3 A( R
3 ~; R$ U& g7 U2 S+ t, U4 mMulti-Industry Strikes
9 N* Y* e1 K# }9 {0 R$ v7 G( D6 X0 u D" L: X+ w
116. Generalized strike
- W; j; L8 U( M; e$ A& H" r4 e0 U, S, @! e
117. General strike9 Q" X6 [# t+ f/ S$ @% t/ |2 y
3 O: G$ t T6 y$ o) \0 m2 s* d5 B$ g
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 u& D1 I. Q& ^; ]# S" d
4 R$ X- |1 S0 u& ^0 o0 R 118. Hartal$ {! S' S) |( U! u) }2 F# |) W
7 r* T# o+ u' Z3 N9 ?7 x+ P* n. Z
119. Economic shutdown
1 O6 t4 m/ {& M' X9 W: p, y
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[# ?; [$ Z6 G1 x
) ^/ t% V7 I6 gTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 A3 a& {0 K7 {6 Z0 `
) E. X. \$ ?3 t
' O* C& S1 r" x4 Q: L0 f' Y z. v2 VRejection of Authority
) s/ x& _. ?5 j6 K6 }; W 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) J2 R7 ?. _0 F
121. Refusal of public support
7 q& h% j) x7 R8 b' Q' ? 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ Q" \; ]0 c$ `* e, ^4 {' z" N/ S
! k, R; O/ G5 L
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- ?+ y! Z3 c ]" W. T. I+ g) [5 A% ~ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies, a; X, A+ T0 h0 t2 A
124. Boycott of elections5 E$ I* u: w( v
125. Boycott of government employment and positions( y" J9 z' z: `
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" a* C c1 k% u/ P I3 ]2 w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* P! p3 P% q& \# L, U9 p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 O' H9 m! r' E! U5 s2 y) r; ]2 p
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 [, ^* D* i- k @: z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks2 Z& I; E& l. e3 r
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& e8 `0 B; ]$ c r; [" H- p" { 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 ?: e7 r* \0 X: d
/ s0 s8 o$ ^0 D0 v/ D5 OCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ a+ C9 [% }# X$ Z$ `+ K8 G! H
133. Reluctant and slow compliance( \! L7 j5 J7 l. o0 v6 l5 i& C
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- o+ J1 h/ a+ F$ T0 H2 _/ m9 \$ w
135. Popular nonobedience
8 ]7 y% \$ z3 W* [ 136. Disguised disobedience
& M/ p, u1 }, O9 Q 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 E3 t9 Y3 k% r6 g" q5 c. U$ D& n( t
138. Sitdown7 u# Q9 R7 e, t# |& I' q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) w0 g( _2 \+ b+ j
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 V0 h% m7 U i r$ |! e k 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 m2 V( W n1 u3 l5 Y
$ w& R- }4 i# D7 k
Action by Government Personnel
# C. m0 Q* E* x8 A5 P( A 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
I2 Q$ Z' c0 ^' D0 } 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
P6 Q8 Q# N+ q7 r 144. Stalling and obstruction
( z; z( \$ f1 o, P$ |) W3 V* b+ W 145. General administrative noncooperation
. A! Q6 J B8 h& G# ~# Z2 F7 i" R3 f. Y3 |1 y( {! G8 `
146. Judicial noncooperation5 W* E% M5 T! ]# v
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
* r# ?+ G0 T0 [& Q 148. Mutiny4 t! i/ g) F) W' y4 @* U
Domestic Governmental Action* w9 h' r( E7 R/ E
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 R& l5 r9 K6 u8 j4 T- I A
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units, Q. @0 ~& m" D! i4 I
( A) ~( S! Q2 i% Q2 [4 R$ H DInternational Governmental Action
8 z& a; i/ ]3 ~; E" m% X 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ r6 ]7 [) L' r$ I
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( `& C# J1 \3 Q4 d7 r( I 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ k4 t5 _ d& y) A( b; { 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& M$ {- y* q8 ~' C% J8 Z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations! A; a7 k5 w5 K* O3 _# {4 l$ r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 Z4 L7 W3 s# M. \8 _( V% y
157. Expulsion from international organizations& [; a% r* L9 e& w
9 {/ N" O/ v5 H% X
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. d/ ^6 `0 r$ b# u& Z
4 c! O) g% l, u6 f4 Y$ j2 a$ m
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Psychological Intervention
$ M; t$ f& K5 m2 A2 ^- @ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
) A. ?, }) p9 {" ^: Z, ] 159. The fast. N# N5 D' E+ A+ T: X
a) Fast of moral pressure4 }0 f) r# [5 r2 w" E
b) Hunger strike2 O7 C- e& q- E* V: l; a& z% d5 n5 [
c) Satyagrahic fast
- l2 t9 [; E4 \! j1 f- {/ @ 160. Reverse trial
2 g9 l) |' \0 `6 k% L. p 161. Nonviolent harassment
! } s* G! V. L1 [5 Z: T
) q1 V! q) Q0 q2 O( tPhysical Intervention
M. o" o8 l8 J% C9 G 162. Sit-in6 V; q! h J6 K0 m2 i8 w, |% w
163. Stand-in7 |2 S: L T9 t
164. Ride-in
: s$ y q% i4 N0 O( a9 ^ 165. Wade-in p' A) g! L8 V2 g
166. Mill-in* e9 |5 ^ W. c; g
167. Pray-in1 r) v) h: D* S% c' _! N
168. Nonviolent raids
/ _* |/ ?4 K5 C 169. Nonviolent air raids: E5 g% K6 T. M4 }' i& v+ _2 d% {0 B
170. Nonviolent invasion2 Z9 v8 d, F. o7 g$ q) n% {) _) V" Y' X
171. Nonviolent interjection2 L: V- F- u" ^6 P p3 A% M" J$ M' x
172. Nonviolent obstruction7 o4 {1 W1 T9 C
173. Nonviolent occupation
5 Y: {/ ^3 e$ q1 |/ N9 _
3 q+ [' g# X7 W7 J. F, g- H7 nSocial Intervention# C: U/ M# P7 r0 U8 c9 E
174. Establishing new social patterns
; B1 X, q3 R( I# ]" \ 175. Overloading of facilities. S5 W4 u1 S$ r3 {: j
176. Stall-in3 V% A* }; Y1 I: K0 ~
177. Speak-in1 ^5 t! g1 N2 @5 p
178. Guerrilla theater% a9 K2 ~5 o2 Z# H5 y. s% y! h; c
179. Alternative social institutions( }' b8 K9 _' Z
180. Alternative communication system% y, Y2 D* l# x$ d( T: L" o+ @) L* Q
4 `9 y2 [8 c2 B$ |Economic Intervention
' X! S, \7 s" y* ? 181. Reverse strike) v5 T) k( f/ q) ~1 \$ c
182. Stay-in strike0 r5 D& g+ S u8 h. R/ K
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ b9 ^; }$ V4 K: T7 h: ~; n3 n) U
184. Defiance of blockades
8 X- G7 F2 w5 b4 X 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: k4 F- O0 c( b9 S3 Y
186. Preclusive purchasing l( S. b+ Z9 r9 V) H3 {
187. Seizure of assets0 D# d/ S# H2 c* _+ ?5 D7 l3 K7 L
188. Dumping
% T$ c, _: C s9 c8 [) l 189. Selective patronage- w, e$ X- o: Q' G' S; v
190. Alternative markets
1 e& q4 g) W# h 191. Alternative transportation systems
: T8 m+ B( ]/ {6 _2 q a; T 192. Alternative economic institutions
[( i8 R) k, ?! f9 O8 i1 k7 a+ r/ o: L; G
Political Intervention
$ X, b/ ~. P) T/ |$ C9 t 193. Overloading of administrative systems0 a" y0 c. H( d% D, V2 Q* P
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 z+ X3 e- l! `0 l( _" B+ x( J! s- ?9 @
195. Seeking imprisonment
) a7 I U: ^7 o' Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ d2 k/ j" d) E' O
197. Work-on without collaboration$ c6 O+ K- J! S
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ m' f) a3 F1 j! S4 T/ F) N
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
