 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) @# G* X0 ^+ t: IFormal Statements$ ?- [' x+ ?/ W* H
1. Public Speeches
( F: A# ?' ~" R3 I8 n2 l 2. Letters of opposition or support
3 r! l7 E' S7 K' \ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, c* _* b- H5 s! U: w+ J
4. Signed public statements
- b' Y% w+ W: t& |" C. c" t 5. Declarations of indictment and intention* T G+ N! B8 K" O4 D
6. Group or mass petitions; M8 D( D8 l/ [ v
" t1 z9 W' q, d) Y3 H& DCommunications with a Wider Audience
$ x7 Q* q7 N/ z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# m; ?! R4 P- P8 f
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 o( m, z% d1 \4 J+ J 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" e0 Z) ~2 a9 M+ T5 i4 d) g2 o 10. Newspapers and journals
3 h& y# ^1 S% h g 11. Records, radio, and television
9 \& v0 I: N& j3 M' U 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ K- ~7 i2 i, z( m8 \) U# a) b' t% R. u
6 f$ P+ r1 z, Z( mGroup Representations
* n" G' }, b0 {7 r6 R 13. Deputations
/ k9 l' _9 H6 N. P+ ~6 p 14. Mock awards
# E# l; P7 `7 u1 N/ q 15. Group lobbying6 W8 _+ c( K" P( D# y! l' l
16. Picketing) o6 i& T/ T2 n& R) j
17. Mock elections
: v2 I# H. o5 @
7 ?7 ]9 R1 m3 g6 E: ` rSymbolic Public Acts! r* D" O. S4 n# j3 v+ s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ D. i g3 u$ }+ x- \3 E9 O 19. Wearing of symbols
2 A6 ?2 v% z0 S6 O4 c6 {1 f6 R7 O 20. Prayer and worship
& O& r/ v6 f2 d7 r) n 21. Delivering symbolic objects
; Q4 W- v/ p) \1 K 22. Protest disrobings
: m, o! i& L2 |/ D/ \ 23. Destruction of own property: }6 f, P* H1 O" p. c. w9 L
24. Symbolic lights
1 O+ p" C/ X5 b: i5 o# Y 25. Displays of portraits" a8 m z. k9 |/ d9 q
26. Paint as protest1 f2 I) s4 u. I( ~6 C
27. New signs and names
/ ^7 u. u6 t) Y5 g. R& t% y 28. Symbolic sounds
% A8 P' t& @6 A) B% A6 R" e3 i 29. Symbolic reclamations& l! i' s* c! z' X/ i
30. Rude gestures* F/ q# ~. n, J9 M
5 b( X$ B8 z4 k @6 T3 v+ U8 a% G
Pressures on Individuals- m: d% ^6 w& e6 u$ |1 t
31. “Haunting” officials0 \" O T2 _7 V' O- _& \6 D5 q
32. Taunting officials" i+ Q u" R2 r2 x+ a
33. Fraternization4 O$ ]7 M* Q+ O/ w! A8 e1 K
34. Vigils
) K, v7 `( N; w8 g# y y+ O+ o0 u# L) T M" _- ~4 d
Drama and Music
$ v: w8 L% |$ e" W" { 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* c( s" N* Y+ ~8 T$ \! N 36. Performances of plays and music& B" N* D/ x* d3 ~& i
37. Singing8 m) F3 _! V1 C! M: h
% u0 j7 |& V; i* \+ e, {! K# OProcessions
& J/ v* h* ?- P/ o% t. X/ c6 i 38. Marches
8 @- B% t1 g% w 39. Parades U6 v2 ] x& J6 j7 f* F
40. Religious processions% w2 G7 E1 U; L7 l/ F) f0 w
41. Pilgrimages
% x/ G3 i9 a1 r2 s3 v9 o5 ~ 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
! j1 M6 x# @2 J# u! s4 }" t1 ` 43. Political mourning
- i. S* ^0 _* M$ t% a 44. Mock funerals
/ R1 [+ a/ r. V! V9 j1 Z, S0 \, y 45. Demonstrative funerals
) v$ q0 H r4 u 46. Homage at burial places
, N8 z0 Z2 ^) L0 }/ t3 i% }. ^ Y
Public Assemblies
. P) V; F) J, }/ Z% g" b 47. Assemblies of protest or support- q& l) l' a+ v$ o$ E, T) Z1 G
48. Protest meetings
- n5 A, l8 K6 k* s. ~& L8 Z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) U% j2 G/ |1 K4 j2 L, g2 L 50. Teach-ins
4 a( O# y. m$ Y& M
7 @% r9 K8 Q8 l+ ^' J, sWithdrawal and Renunciation# a5 y' R( ]7 O/ C5 V! |/ e
51. Walk-outs
) B" B6 D; U4 V+ B; A% q 52. Silence6 s. ]. X V% B! P2 p# k, o
53. Renouncing honors
5 Y* i/ P: `$ J 54. Turning one’s back
* ~+ h5 [: O! D+ U9 D4 t/ x& M8 c- c% c5 f& b; {
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0 N0 L. D: h: h: A/ e
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) i6 v& L7 {$ H5 u1 P
( B9 @( K& K# R e
- @, I: j" ~, O& Q4 k* ?) G+ T
( H0 i8 C1 C4 I- Z, R( ^Ostracism of Persons
3 u {. E4 T% K! l 55. Social boycott
l3 S8 P( X! g' x; S9 H 56. Selective social boycott
* X. o# U0 j8 N 57. Lysistratic nonaction( H. Q! j% n0 }
58. Excommunication) X/ y+ f, w, p8 c+ Z2 z0 r4 ^
59. Interdict% ?# l6 W( t$ S/ T" y
$ Z3 Z# l' p) ]' b
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- n" L: E; P. c+ H! L
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. _5 |; m+ M; c0 X$ i7 L# Z 61. Boycott of social affairs$ Q9 e' f) Y+ R( F
62. Student strike
5 Z6 q, ~8 U& f# B. A 63. Social disobedience
: D" N' |: e( u# _. S 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 g6 y% T3 V! ?: r; |% _4 ]: e, A9 R1 K) }" C; c
Withdrawal from the Social System
$ ^/ V: ^% y7 s; s, f1 ^& s) z 65. Stay-at-home* L: O; E9 C8 \/ ^. f; G
66. Total personal noncooperation
g2 I! n; ^9 c( ?- ? 67. “Flight” of workers0 b( c5 X5 _& \1 ~& q' `: q
68. Sanctuary
$ H& |) W' H: k' K2 h 69. Collective disappearance
' H: [8 K ?) V( V2 I 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 M B) J4 @, n' _- ?5 g
+ Z6 {4 q A: n& J( E2 R+ E . _( l$ w! v7 x/ G. n
% ]& Z0 ?9 |/ N# r; ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* V5 d S- E# r4 U5 f2 t |. F0 X) a- B+ s5 u# L
, w- x3 b5 m+ O, |$ qActions by Consumers
$ M: H$ b+ T) P+ ^/ P% N, f 71. Consumers’ boycott
; U+ F( ~3 s! g* O$ n7 ?$ F4 ~* ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 b) J/ U3 _# W# M K! _* V1 t 73. Policy of austerity
( U8 \9 J9 k# x7 c0 l1 ^ 74. Rent withholding
3 I* A# Z* m. x/ |7 i 75. Refusal to rent
8 m' ` d. @" k# m/ h3 I# J, X 76. National consumers’ boycott; ?* @" U. n' m! \+ V/ j% i
77. International consumers’ boycott9 d3 H" G$ {9 g/ B, w+ J
0 d. l$ o+ L2 t& g" f4 Q
Action by Workers and Producers5 L4 _0 z/ k7 q& b" r& l
78. Workmen’s boycott& k8 Y" u9 v, S' K( M) Q# r
79. Producers’ boycott8 H1 g' k/ o( A G" V( `* q5 P$ f
1 v& ]) S; y& _% s/ V$ {) x
Action by Middlemen
B9 i6 q) L8 Y* [8 ~ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% s3 X+ y. V) A; p; L2 x4 d7 {( G0 o" J1 t0 y
Action by Owners and Management+ k0 j, a( v1 j0 S) X6 {) b
81. Traders’ boycott
0 ]6 i5 {( `& P2 G3 r% z \ 82. Refusal to let or sell property: P! L: M! |' l/ j# I) a1 M' m6 b
83. Lockout
& {+ t5 ~ p0 V ~ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance( X2 @: W& T' \3 ^# @8 t+ s- D
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 K) G( P' C4 _) W5 i% L7 Q
) O# r% [3 U m+ F% A0 GAction by Holders of Financial Resources
+ [4 Z3 D" v- P# ~6 | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* I4 @/ r/ z9 |' Q H$ l 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
# B) x4 |# q& V, Y- _: i( t 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 G6 m6 H" x8 T8 a
89. Severance of funds and credit, s" A; [# {- C x6 B! h
90. Revenue refusal
3 i7 b, {! A1 H 91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 x+ _0 b4 |. r4 W# s! O9 O1 o
4 i+ L* X" A7 R( }1 ?3 ]Action by Governments" g# F7 o, y% p3 k7 F- A8 r
92. Domestic embargo
. L, @5 \ `! i( o 93. Blacklisting of traders: a9 F/ r% {+ N4 U& d
94. International sellers’ embargo
; ~# I, @2 v( s( A9 I 95. International buyers’ embargo4 [ ?* F" I9 K" [
96. International trade embargo
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5 W2 z1 d4 [- y! o$ Z; }+ L7 ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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/ P$ R$ A: G3 T4 C) T4 X
Symbolic Strikes" h1 o& U2 s' c+ o5 [( U
97. Protest strike
& s- X& W. m/ U0 z) H( ` 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 H+ T' p `9 ~! a" S' ?
; V) ?, G; x! Z! n+ F# {9 T7 XAgricultural Strikes
% B. D( \, N+ [6 T, H$ e: h; | 99. Peasant strike
" V, ~& Q: Y& G! b& n6 p% c 100. Farm Workers’ strike$ w' G. w( c' ~! g; U& x& u3 D
5 r$ ^. E& c& R& `% J/ l( cStrikes by Special Groups
- v& y6 N: w' N 101. Refusal of impressed labor
- v0 K& z" {& L+ q 102. Prisoners’ strike/ k! R% o, }& J
103. Craft strike
1 a8 r# J- E1 \) G* S, k. L 104. Professional strike5 l* y" R: N' |: S, E: p
" w0 Z# J4 c3 d$ ]2 v5 f3 m9 ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes
% v% _: V7 y2 k2 u* a 105. Establishment strike
/ i! d, w* a/ O8 B 106. Industry strike& Q1 S" N" z/ H1 R R# C- h/ W* T2 V
107. Sympathetic strike
) B$ d8 J7 o: \
) s; p, I7 f; V- i" qRestricted Strikes- ]7 H' O" B7 ~+ ?! t: U8 H
108. Detailed strike' X3 }3 ] r* Y' x- Z. s1 T
109. Bumper strike
( Q% p0 d% R) {: O& g, u: z z 110. Slowdown strike( F* `1 u1 j0 q. r. B$ |
111. Working-to-rule strike
" T6 ]4 K- U2 _6 l" f 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' y F: k- V/ D9 ?" R" N; k8 A 113. Strike by resignation
/ X. i2 d$ k* i* x 114. Limited strike
+ U4 ?8 |! O; i7 D# O0 { 115. Selective strike3 G9 h1 k5 `$ [6 ^0 e
6 E4 W- i# J! F9 o5 zMulti-Industry Strikes
. z* B% X6 h& Z; O$ ` B
2 {& N8 q" j2 g5 |7 z* S 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
4 K- e9 g: Q4 W; M! K _; \# G9 i- P. ~8 r
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 }" U, _* G% r+ y- ^9 L
6 ~" f5 V p$ m
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
+ J$ Z6 N3 I) W- O
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" n) C( n9 R! ?' mTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 n1 C: C5 h' x
3 E, s* x3 A F0 R
1 H( A0 `2 U. Q/ }! M9 \Rejection of Authority5 [6 i r9 X5 N
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# i5 _ R2 P; Z
121. Refusal of public support
V) m! ]" A) n# q0 ?6 F3 G 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ n0 |- g% G2 L. g
8 e( S7 Q8 X' C* J4 S& p
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& {/ R% b) Z, u% u9 C* I% i$ N$ v 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; u1 Y1 Q; G6 g& J
124. Boycott of elections
5 O5 I8 d8 {/ v 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ G$ B) i y9 e) {( H 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; ~9 R* B7 p# s9 [) i( x/ @2 z
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# @$ m$ y( X4 N' H9 B7 K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 l J: M5 ]3 ^! X/ n+ C D2 @* } 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( f; ~! T( y9 Z/ w* Y/ w% x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# [5 Z' V& W: p# g
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 e1 u0 t2 S$ u. `4 W. O3 A S6 [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 Q5 t! \% u5 A& H, a1 g' C _& {- A
- C! X3 I: K z0 Y d; DCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& A! U. l2 Z7 C# _ x 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* q `. u- t( t! b! }- x. ~
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 k n [+ g2 b+ V6 i 135. Popular nonobedience- H. b. l) P; T# y+ H
136. Disguised disobedience
+ A% f; E( t/ F. Z& E) P0 p 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 E: M! N' H. S2 F
138. Sitdown7 s; e9 C- Z) i* p4 V) N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% o5 R6 f2 `8 T0 [+ f 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' X- a5 k: Q: k/ b
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& m$ c* Y5 r2 t$ j9 N4 \
+ k- Z4 g P% S# T9 k: |Action by Government Personnel- u% V9 P" c* x. j1 O
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' O, X) u2 z' y4 b4 ?0 _: z& I+ g' J 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( h k# q( g: Q/ v 144. Stalling and obstruction
$ B& s1 }1 }5 l" a# R 145. General administrative noncooperation
4 k7 z, ]$ o5 K- C# D7 O* M( F. O$ L% C% N; K! M
146. Judicial noncooperation; A- b5 W9 K1 L5 S' k
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 h# O: X0 H% A
148. Mutiny
" q& v; k$ j; s- _4 ?Domestic Governmental Action
3 g/ S8 h0 W3 P, G$ Z1 k3 O 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 Z$ Z" Z: p7 k2 ~& {! |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. S, P. y4 D! \3 s4 r0 G6 {3 m0 J8 i5 T) c9 I( `
International Governmental Action
# D+ a V# M- @& X( }0 [" Y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* G" ~- r$ f1 u* b' ?1 n 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 C( B. j& n2 v7 `$ Z l+ G5 i8 N
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ [9 V' K3 l2 b4 v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. f" }. |/ x) A0 e+ D$ q3 z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 y& p% W8 s5 ^7 p# \ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ R! U' o& }7 K s
157. Expulsion from international organizations
v$ a& c6 [7 \# j$ Q" j% M# d6 L; H' @7 w' P
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ l. p( n7 p) v0 Z4 V# ]
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2 {& m, o0 S' L1 `, v2 APsychological Intervention* c5 n" C+ f: z5 r5 J4 { F
158. Self-exposure to the elements3 {0 J1 f# H6 p8 }( H4 I
159. The fast
$ {9 t7 w* T5 ]8 { r a) Fast of moral pressure
+ O4 d) n8 L4 x& v+ g b) Hunger strike
, m" K/ U, n, V3 T7 ] c) Satyagrahic fast
" I8 I8 `3 M$ s& N3 y( c4 } 160. Reverse trial- P2 I' J, a2 j9 l
161. Nonviolent harassment" H; ^. T a4 v9 F
4 ?7 ~( }1 u1 }; a% x9 e
Physical Intervention$ I6 d( x6 F6 y/ d. i6 J$ m
162. Sit-in( E" U0 v4 D6 V7 Y6 l6 b
163. Stand-in
( H1 g" P+ H: t6 O* G* n! L 164. Ride-in
4 k w" I! p% [2 g8 u( g 165. Wade-in
- }3 n- A# ` K 166. Mill-in1 P6 n4 o" C0 n2 N/ Y$ f% U( W
167. Pray-in! I M7 q4 ?1 ? f" \ m+ h9 |
168. Nonviolent raids
9 d. C0 Y2 z6 P* k; y. w 169. Nonviolent air raids& ?+ ]. d$ @! h l5 K* K
170. Nonviolent invasion
( j7 ~$ X: @7 L9 P4 o9 | 171. Nonviolent interjection# s+ M) R! K* P6 M V/ S
172. Nonviolent obstruction% l) @- X# t# M
173. Nonviolent occupation
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& Q4 }- \! D% O5 e, }4 Q/ {( ySocial Intervention
6 e* [6 i' x1 `5 {; P1 A4 t8 Z 174. Establishing new social patterns
# e8 O* F& } | 175. Overloading of facilities
) |0 [0 {8 ~9 R7 p& g) D [ 176. Stall-in8 `0 |- N t: e5 v
177. Speak-in
+ |/ v" ~7 Y% ^' m' a 178. Guerrilla theater
8 r: [, K' R) B* y6 N. o+ y' C2 z% B: _ 179. Alternative social institutions
$ ^3 ~+ u0 c% ]/ P9 c+ d2 q& W% ^ 180. Alternative communication system0 R- c7 E% H; ^7 K
# u7 K5 h* z" u5 U% \6 {7 f
Economic Intervention2 w4 o) t8 ^0 f+ b/ f; g0 x
181. Reverse strike
: E, a, F3 m# ?$ n# T 182. Stay-in strike( G0 N* y2 i0 P3 X
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 h/ s N2 z% ~& q" k( s 184. Defiance of blockades
1 x1 _$ X1 z) d+ a, j3 a0 @9 Y/ [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) }" H. L. ^# S3 m 186. Preclusive purchasing
1 S7 J. {6 e) K% r8 L/ a 187. Seizure of assets
4 c2 m* l5 l2 b+ p( D* y5 |% q+ z 188. Dumping
" F* u, A' o% n8 t1 U 189. Selective patronage
9 K4 [+ _5 z6 B( k% C, t 190. Alternative markets" p. ~+ V8 T7 A) p
191. Alternative transportation systems6 c5 a' n' e* M, i- S1 U e
192. Alternative economic institutions1 {! P& \- w3 ~* Z* O! b7 a3 y, g
+ ] J( P4 c8 Q% C8 O7 C
Political Intervention" V2 ?& q/ H9 L/ U. c, L- J
193. Overloading of administrative systems
' R I9 L1 E; t4 `% ? 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 @1 L5 r/ t3 y4 y/ H D! Q 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 o! G* }3 q; s, J8 t: | 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
p: r; {2 p" E 197. Work-on without collaboration1 j$ r6 v6 s0 A H7 V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# M I) f& V, w, y; _
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
