 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION% ~1 `9 Z! g% S) y" y- ?
Formal Statements6 E. B% E4 k& T1 |2 S
1. Public Speeches
) Q4 o. `8 C" y2 O; V: D 2. Letters of opposition or support9 [4 F. E/ k( H! L" P; I) r
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ n5 y: v% d9 W* b! k
4. Signed public statements$ r0 J+ F/ P3 H) e
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" K% _$ q0 n3 `$ a- F2 I+ C# F 6. Group or mass petitions
5 s$ [+ ?. W8 t8 R+ S1 `
; n U2 V4 b, a6 d/ CCommunications with a Wider Audience
v* Q) @9 Q, i$ X4 i 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 ]% `& Q6 b& d# p% @+ f
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ q8 Q& E" x+ B; O- u2 ]" s4 R
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 t3 Z1 r4 R6 K V7 p+ _4 V3 Z
10. Newspapers and journals
9 l5 V" w3 M1 |, ^0 e* ^ 11. Records, radio, and television
C( f/ Z. S6 y. U$ } 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 ~/ c# c1 A& f/ G4 d9 `, t# h$ P. [+ }7 x7 R- U" N8 x
Group Representations
% Z# O5 o/ |! l# {% N r 13. Deputations) l3 W ^. M' F7 C. q2 G
14. Mock awards$ m& G# A, X) j q* o/ R2 a
15. Group lobbying. A5 H/ y0 M% a0 _% W. U7 F
16. Picketing
, i/ T+ Q0 Y4 K4 i 17. Mock elections
9 j6 g$ ]. @5 e' h
+ Y7 m, O7 [, A- |# h) qSymbolic Public Acts
) P! S+ }( W% h' J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: R' V* O" ^0 ^. o# E
19. Wearing of symbols" w5 _7 J; K, f/ z$ M/ |
20. Prayer and worship
4 U9 E! E* X. N) f: [- O 21. Delivering symbolic objects2 \( q: n% O- s6 z4 [+ F
22. Protest disrobings
- n4 ~9 `* E" @0 U1 e8 s2 g* _ 23. Destruction of own property) M3 X/ @. b% R9 Y% s
24. Symbolic lights$ a$ Z! N9 F! p
25. Displays of portraits4 r. m; L' @! m
26. Paint as protest
" y% {+ l/ X1 I9 E1 e 27. New signs and names
- z! K+ ?& T0 r' @ 28. Symbolic sounds
3 m4 |' n+ |/ M$ L' W- Z 29. Symbolic reclamations9 T' h R& U _& D: _
30. Rude gestures
4 P ~) n' Z% d/ q% p ^2 d; K' I' ~; @- x! l. P
Pressures on Individuals [* T' N+ h1 @
31. “Haunting” officials
. u1 e" i& a4 H9 D1 V 32. Taunting officials
/ n/ L7 O5 @& N6 |/ J6 n# u! p 33. Fraternization8 o. g$ Z, L+ m2 N
34. Vigils+ A y, R9 T7 r% L( q
* }4 X: Z7 |3 b7 l4 M* T/ F
Drama and Music* j( R: x+ M, \. `+ D
35. Humorous skits and pranks1 z3 C7 \. b7 H) ~; s \
36. Performances of plays and music
& ~$ g0 ^/ _- N* c$ k 37. Singing
2 o0 P2 H, o" T5 ^# B, y
/ _8 c- @8 Y0 {+ L1 q/ J$ sProcessions
' I3 M6 R- e# Q' S, W4 N9 Z 38. Marches
8 j R) P' m1 \* |: b& o1 I! W 39. Parades
* o9 G0 R7 [# q2 ^ 40. Religious processions& t8 x G( l' j' o2 W* A7 T. C
41. Pilgrimages
/ Y F! m0 `9 m; H. Y5 N$ w) g8 `. s* Q 42. Motorcades8 z6 o; V+ ]- S9 f( \- Z! `& s
4 ?/ f/ l5 z* W0 S- c+ Q
Honoring the Dead" _: y- f- Z5 e, N: B
43. Political mourning J; {7 ]6 c( M/ q( r
44. Mock funerals
- T7 z6 V1 ^ q! n# r 45. Demonstrative funerals7 L6 F( e) c& s% y3 N D
46. Homage at burial places, D/ D2 u" H9 ^, ~# U* f
% }) u2 J! \* `2 D2 |Public Assemblies
/ t3 g! f) ]+ P g7 R 47. Assemblies of protest or support
; _1 c2 o. s2 h) h 48. Protest meetings+ \; C! |2 T) [
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, g' {1 X1 B9 F$ e1 | 50. Teach-ins. \ W! r1 N" c# v
8 q! l3 q$ j$ z
Withdrawal and Renunciation6 M. I9 B4 {+ ^8 t+ d& U* E
51. Walk-outs$ m1 e- f5 d: _
52. Silence% Y$ f( Q. P1 Z6 ?1 q5 _/ O5 q- M
53. Renouncing honors
1 P" p, k6 n: G 54. Turning one’s back
# Y. _; ? K$ G9 |" v6 N4 M |# F$ i } x, N: w
3 n# D$ W/ j% I1 P9 M
3 n6 t7 t. L9 g4 nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# R; l, j3 ]* _, e( C
8 t G n, q% I* l) V, N2 U
+ j. m" b- ]5 `) O9 e" A
. Z4 `% r {. p0 X) oOstracism of Persons
- \* o+ D7 _0 j- V( ]$ O5 ^ 55. Social boycott
K. o0 s" ], S" {& o6 _& T$ ] X3 f 56. Selective social boycott
' W. f# R4 @ t- N# x% q 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 H; N: c( H6 K; S' H
58. Excommunication
; d; h1 o- I3 W* t& Y 59. Interdict. M$ f0 z) T0 e U" G3 P; x
/ n8 D* @ J6 ?6 y, ^2 X, kNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ e( f1 Z) N& D8 r }4 B. U
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 t2 }" k! C O( J2 i/ z9 _1 v
61. Boycott of social affairs
& c; V0 w/ a; O, v 62. Student strike
# o* V; C( K a& L, G8 W7 { 63. Social disobedience9 }- E# r% [- |( W3 F: g0 W
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; Q I" v5 N1 W6 Q' R& ~8 L
) I' @/ p) h5 `" T$ E aWithdrawal from the Social System
5 O5 ]8 ?# L$ d) A; ` 65. Stay-at-home
$ ^% H4 e8 h" |% Y8 S 66. Total personal noncooperation
8 s5 B+ f8 g+ @/ C 67. “Flight” of workers5 o/ C# [+ P2 ]
68. Sanctuary
w9 I! Y2 [3 i" P+ J2 Y* b 69. Collective disappearance. w( t8 [' R e0 t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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/ k2 x* }2 Y6 @9 T* STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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0 G4 @8 B0 l) s$ ~ . b4 q: A- @' C s2 a( S" i
Actions by Consumers- e2 _, J1 T4 y6 o4 @, S0 c. [% a
71. Consumers’ boycott$ B/ @+ [% c7 J8 G6 S& d* c# r
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( e, k1 ~6 ]+ Q3 K$ @8 C6 Y 73. Policy of austerity
+ A/ `. o* m* J1 L- ~ 74. Rent withholding
- ?( y8 f( m3 n$ x5 } 75. Refusal to rent7 W- Y& w( ]' a1 C# D0 j
76. National consumers’ boycott. F# C/ Y4 _: n
77. International consumers’ boycott. J* L4 v. ^2 u
+ U7 k& W' B7 c3 U$ o* _
Action by Workers and Producers
2 v4 x0 e- S; P 78. Workmen’s boycott
; Z$ g9 n1 p! G. Q( ~8 x 79. Producers’ boycott
3 t \$ b6 g7 c) g* _9 a0 ?% |
! Y9 D3 h6 w+ r7 |6 IAction by Middlemen
q* |5 [* M- F" ] 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: L& a7 `5 m4 [+ M; Q' b
8 O! f$ s- j/ M- Q1 QAction by Owners and Management
- m# k) B" h6 B, G 81. Traders’ boycott
7 b9 C% H/ `3 @- F 82. Refusal to let or sell property
# F* L9 a4 j2 G5 y2 Y0 v/ ~ 83. Lockout$ ]2 j% U4 Q! K- X/ u' f' i' G
84. Refusal of industrial assistance% L+ M& {! s9 m3 `* Y8 ^2 L
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ o- C4 j, [0 Z/ k
% S1 G5 U0 P& Y+ UAction by Holders of Financial Resources( A: ^+ U4 f& s. r9 L# C1 m
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 Z2 C6 c. W9 V P( X4 H 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ f) c% G5 b: y5 l6 E8 ^; x
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' \' R3 H) x( v( F O
89. Severance of funds and credit
0 F o+ P( k! z7 H, v 90. Revenue refusal
0 ~' M7 P) ?- n4 s6 O& j 91. Refusal of a government’s money- l' C4 b8 g2 [" L4 J7 M$ A
0 v* r$ m' k% `5 c& u6 f r( fAction by Governments7 c( E4 f4 d* U% T
92. Domestic embargo u6 c0 R% G4 \( j) v( N
93. Blacklisting of traders$ c/ p, S# I# S( n
94. International sellers’ embargo+ ]8 G. I6 P! F4 R
95. International buyers’ embargo% j' U; `2 o/ v& t2 M+ M
96. International trade embargo2 N+ f" M) _, F% R g5 ]
0 v ^# v5 n) Y( b
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) Z6 S) `6 G2 E( K& V5 s2 T! UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# u& b1 Q+ y& T0 J p9 \
N' o6 \! J j! _
) c. {' }/ [% E4 o3 m O# j$ V
Symbolic Strikes" A% \: ~" G$ T% L2 J
97. Protest strike
5 L) D* G8 C0 U0 B( ^ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); I0 D5 ^. R% p8 u7 z5 v& s
( L( m5 I! u& w# sAgricultural Strikes
6 J; X3 B+ ]0 g 99. Peasant strike
, _: L* \8 m% x c1 ]9 Z7 P 100. Farm Workers’ strike; i, t$ N v( `% L# V; x
* e* g1 y5 o- GStrikes by Special Groups/ Z6 Q6 V% M7 w) K/ S$ r5 i
101. Refusal of impressed labor5 q0 f6 x. `8 Q6 `$ \
102. Prisoners’ strike
6 ?* O' k$ t$ p @ 103. Craft strike8 D# v! n5 |9 H4 j
104. Professional strike3 I/ a2 c. e7 W5 J, S
_9 T! O! N. k9 p- `Ordinary Industrial Strikes% c& P8 K: j0 U
105. Establishment strike
8 e9 c' A' k, T, K9 Q6 l$ t 106. Industry strike6 p+ d9 L( ?, N6 @7 s
107. Sympathetic strike
3 P" I" _9 B2 B) B4 @0 \
; W. z8 l6 W+ U- }$ FRestricted Strikes" n% U5 Q2 x* u" t% _. o1 f
108. Detailed strike7 c" ?6 s3 v5 ^8 \
109. Bumper strike' G9 F" Y1 ]6 e8 M3 h9 n
110. Slowdown strike
; Z1 O8 M$ C$ J# T 111. Working-to-rule strike
# \4 _9 M3 f4 Q& h) N 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ S5 r- z: K- W- {- \
113. Strike by resignation1 o" r5 x8 H$ E7 u; `1 Y
114. Limited strike
' q& |6 Z5 g* ]1 j- Z9 ] 115. Selective strike9 y- p( V6 k" Z/ G! [( u# j7 `
( A& [/ {( n L k8 O6 U' {; z/ A8 gMulti-Industry Strikes% x# H _4 u( a# |) E
0 v) ?8 s/ s# ^ 116. Generalized strike
/ K: G0 A8 Y0 I/ z# u% o5 p% B/ Z# ^* H
117. General strike
# b- g2 S5 W$ G
2 D" u2 S9 T; P- R) k2 ~Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 c5 h3 p, B5 K8 z2 A
' w. ?: L; w5 f$ r
118. Hartal% Z' S* {! I j) R$ c |3 y8 q, i
% c. K: }' t6 O% z8 z# U5 r9 X) p 119. Economic shutdown& c7 R6 f& K/ T& C
, A8 `8 F( T6 Q 4 ^. w: } G8 }
; S/ o/ [. ]9 t% G+ ~1 u- A" x2 cTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! Z, n% D, D2 Q! T b
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/ K4 k( P! w% P. b; \Rejection of Authority
/ _# |# e# r7 C& k5 f! t 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. O' O9 f4 v A5 c5 \ 121. Refusal of public support$ _( \$ ^# |% R1 ~" X7 x
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 \. \8 E! a7 ~
4 g1 g, Z' J! u( o' O8 zCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* Y" x/ w8 r$ d 123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 V( e" g3 m) j% m
124. Boycott of elections
2 }9 _. F9 y0 N/ p7 j 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% B1 e& o: n7 R* d 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 Z% O+ ?2 _0 |7 e; m k) ~: y
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 R! D5 Y% ?/ }8 R4 Z( @5 h5 d% d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) _) k. b+ L% G; V* Q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 |" P# B2 t0 Z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 b8 b5 N4 @$ S0 j; a n
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 A3 f6 _9 e4 H7 g% _4 m% W. [4 V0 a 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 u9 G/ r" k C9 }" z0 B8 K/ ~5 D: D/ u
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* B0 l6 }- M3 m; q: o. s& G6 x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ a% {9 e }7 X$ J4 N8 ~
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 G) s& @$ ?3 ?* l, v9 L+ L
135. Popular nonobedience6 b7 h# k& ? h8 l
136. Disguised disobedience
% d W; Y; A5 ^( {# y' m 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* [: ]2 K2 X/ _1 ]+ L* k# L 138. Sitdown
$ u4 X" v2 M! Z! `6 ~1 ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, ^1 h7 s' {* k$ z" B 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& [* ~& s4 C1 r- B. C
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" S3 I7 _3 B ]* h) T/ `; C3 B
% E" o$ \8 C0 D1 _5 B; Q% V7 K. EAction by Government Personnel! O/ P7 \/ U8 Y9 T6 ^
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- g! m# P3 x* w9 J 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% R8 d2 q3 @4 O0 g8 r' W1 y' v 144. Stalling and obstruction
5 @7 y) d2 a& e/ T8 i8 G/ a1 A 145. General administrative noncooperation" G/ a. L$ G+ A" p
! r' D( E+ X8 I* C' s3 G) w 146. Judicial noncooperation! m3 @0 b5 \# X) a! b' j
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% b) B' Q7 P( I/ I4 q3 {
148. Mutiny
6 q& ]9 @, m. J6 R2 `6 h' V) cDomestic Governmental Action; a$ U7 c, e, y% n! K
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; o) y! S- O. r J0 t" m4 e: h
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! x5 H6 e6 T* k) y! ~! W
# k9 u3 a) f& y+ y* cInternational Governmental Action
, Q5 e2 F; Q3 ?6 v 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: L @* [1 U/ X1 ?
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 Z6 ?! i% e1 s' `( D* d3 G9 @9 g
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 H" P' J; f1 J; X5 [' N
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
P8 ^- Z/ i8 A 155. Withdrawal from international organizations O, b$ N; `- k1 C3 j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) x6 q4 [. { ] u& E3 L
157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 _$ H4 F+ I4 P( q5 R7 z M+ G \3 j5 [4 N4 a. _4 b+ K( |. i$ i
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 K6 v6 U7 o$ O" L8 X0 }! O0 F
0 N) T# k7 s w- @0 U7 h
5 N* C* k7 y) t( Z; JPsychological Intervention. u+ O; S/ n; o( C. U& R
158. Self-exposure to the elements
* u- q" X2 m1 E6 I 159. The fast" t& z1 e/ R+ G, ]4 Z6 G3 q( B8 l
a) Fast of moral pressure/ g3 b: O* [+ c% {- K% N
b) Hunger strike% L: e! _0 ]9 x1 D- s3 G
c) Satyagrahic fast
1 q2 ^1 b5 L! F8 `( l# O# S 160. Reverse trial- H3 c$ J7 |- {; d# Y; x; B
161. Nonviolent harassment
" ^7 L0 h2 r. t$ \5 `. R! ]: V
2 T3 ]% Q1 ^) }7 P7 v% q8 |- x: ~9 zPhysical Intervention# A w% _, N3 n: M% Y& U
162. Sit-in3 P- `" [/ X; Y0 z S* N
163. Stand-in
' { G: f0 p3 M, v 164. Ride-in
7 n$ ^; A3 }7 t' R; d 165. Wade-in
j% |! b1 b% I& y- b0 U+ d 166. Mill-in& ~ T9 A$ P- q3 q6 i. s/ H
167. Pray-in
( U6 S+ Z1 P& L8 g1 @ 168. Nonviolent raids
$ j; B! P, E4 s 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 E' K; _) j6 C' s5 P 170. Nonviolent invasion' @9 j% P: C4 L! _# {4 s: H; u4 W
171. Nonviolent interjection
% D0 }" Q! r) \$ A5 t0 ^4 s% V 172. Nonviolent obstruction
: o" {. U' G! F% N 173. Nonviolent occupation0 U& P) Z" z; U$ S8 C3 H$ U
6 e7 ?% o9 ~0 `, A* [
Social Intervention3 e7 Z* d9 V. V4 L
174. Establishing new social patterns
5 _" _+ g3 M3 J1 l8 E5 }/ g) i. ? 175. Overloading of facilities! G, }# m& t# n- N( w
176. Stall-in+ r/ i. H" R1 E2 |5 ]/ \2 c* ^3 E$ N
177. Speak-in
% {+ M( i! K6 J9 J) @3 v$ H8 F2 A 178. Guerrilla theater. G6 [% W8 h1 M: r
179. Alternative social institutions
T, z, i* ?* U" A5 a! @. ?; D 180. Alternative communication system1 k, Y4 {% r' s5 R! `/ P9 M
% a5 e3 A4 R& U0 x& X
Economic Intervention
2 z5 p. O0 {6 Y' ?" \ 181. Reverse strike( `8 T1 n$ ~5 o3 B6 O1 T/ S
182. Stay-in strike! e- m& s3 ~; O) \
183. Nonviolent land seizure' I3 D/ x% i2 ~2 F
184. Defiance of blockades
: w' |$ _ d Z/ r" e 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting) d5 \( g2 m8 p0 k# w& I
186. Preclusive purchasing
& Z' s W) n) q& r 187. Seizure of assets
8 W/ H+ {6 e/ v8 t1 O: J' ? 188. Dumping- W2 \* Z0 p2 Y9 b, _
189. Selective patronage
$ w9 D7 ~' {2 ]; V" s* z 190. Alternative markets
0 _ i- p; Q: ]# I/ m3 O 191. Alternative transportation systems5 s8 [# x' Y! E4 t( ~" `
192. Alternative economic institutions2 K' W. g! F4 s
, a9 r7 O) {8 G( f: ^Political Intervention* p2 s2 B) d R) R
193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 x: f/ \2 w9 U- P6 ~ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 K( W# n& z5 a 195. Seeking imprisonment
3 y8 p' Y' \' l* e0 e 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
6 i1 q# `* |/ \ G/ H5 t, i 197. Work-on without collaboration
' P. l( H1 ]9 H! ] d 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
