 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 @1 |. }0 K. n% C1 l7 q
Formal Statements
' E2 {" C, S/ @) u3 R+ t 1. Public Speeches3 L, y! Z" b# h' T) o
2. Letters of opposition or support1 {, f5 S9 n4 N: b) d
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" h' S8 }4 f7 Y5 g# v; H9 D' C 4. Signed public statements! d/ E2 }( r% D6 J) \ s
5. Declarations of indictment and intention" Y0 l O0 h" q! ^' Z
6. Group or mass petitions
! m7 Y; S5 J/ K2 S
5 A) {* n& G9 rCommunications with a Wider Audience6 h1 O# C1 ^( O3 s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' X3 }4 b/ `2 A6 _* s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: N1 O0 H& R/ Z, j1 J 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 _6 T* q$ O5 O2 \$ d, Y5 W 10. Newspapers and journals
( w: q, g) i# `' o* m9 y 11. Records, radio, and television
, i6 ^, t4 V, ^6 J# R 12. Skywriting and earthwriting! ~2 h* g1 V) r6 }: J
: b( ~& W1 y% \# V/ FGroup Representations: |0 Q; _' z: q7 z) d/ A( _
13. Deputations
4 E& | i; G, ?) z; f/ f# X9 J" { 14. Mock awards) k1 b! `: Y3 M! j, u4 W
15. Group lobbying o/ z& P" F6 R8 K. V4 I
16. Picketing2 f1 w- l, p/ m
17. Mock elections
8 T* u5 s8 i o2 H
& h" a4 Z4 l t7 r/ ~1 |( J, iSymbolic Public Acts R" Y8 z! U! X7 ~" P
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 J7 b( J6 d/ P- a 19. Wearing of symbols
2 T: C- j$ _; w/ ^' i5 d 20. Prayer and worship2 N9 i% o3 u- J& u
21. Delivering symbolic objects" }; X* T k2 ]" V! T
22. Protest disrobings
1 b- }* ?# {. T' `: T 23. Destruction of own property: K4 u/ e" M2 t, r2 M+ f. G0 L2 a% r
24. Symbolic lights
$ o, i" G" M+ g. j4 u4 [9 _6 H 25. Displays of portraits0 T. _# ^: C( k5 r( V. b7 C
26. Paint as protest1 K" w/ Y# V1 J/ L
27. New signs and names( G0 N" ~. _; ]7 V, H
28. Symbolic sounds Y0 u Y" Y5 k9 ^( G% {3 F
29. Symbolic reclamations0 S, Y, B1 A( a
30. Rude gestures
9 K0 b' ^ J5 V( |" \* d) t- J' x: u8 N( D
Pressures on Individuals
3 w E$ M( I% `: q+ e 31. “Haunting” officials
# m6 C$ C- v8 H0 I4 _' t 32. Taunting officials
4 Q8 ~* ]$ x$ b/ e5 N/ [8 \9 i 33. Fraternization6 A6 k/ l+ A4 l3 I7 Z
34. Vigils0 I0 _4 D- s6 P# y$ h
( W+ G3 c/ b% q, v! u9 I$ C6 m4 C% I
Drama and Music
/ N1 d- z( o/ @: n; T 35. Humorous skits and pranks2 Q+ k& \0 h O3 c6 i: f
36. Performances of plays and music
+ u8 ?/ C$ E- |% J+ ?2 g" C9 D 37. Singing
& G2 B ]0 p( ^+ E/ V. F6 L* P( r4 W3 v ~6 s% }- T
Processions
9 o6 M$ _5 o9 r6 l 38. Marches
& v2 Y5 T( C5 z( ^* \! t 39. Parades5 x- z: d* f: ?0 e6 ]
40. Religious processions
+ S( T3 A: [. @ X5 g 41. Pilgrimages
- E; Q0 x7 l( K, b. f/ r, t 42. Motorcades% L2 E: ~4 C( t! _& J6 [1 _$ G
4 `6 ^2 X' N2 X
Honoring the Dead
+ Q5 k. g1 {% h3 P# V/ u* A. _9 P 43. Political mourning
9 G8 w6 o1 w" W* B 44. Mock funerals$ V3 {1 E: E6 @7 W
45. Demonstrative funerals
; k) A' z4 l" l$ Q7 W6 b8 Q 46. Homage at burial places7 A, F; r5 s& M* D
( J" B8 N0 R1 E& f! {, D8 n
Public Assemblies
3 w, _+ R6 W% j% O 47. Assemblies of protest or support/ {* v! E/ A# B5 J$ d: n' C
48. Protest meetings
/ m# u2 A! n" r/ _ _: B# z5 `4 \+ t: R 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 M' q8 i' G( F& A 50. Teach-ins
7 x# d( ` `, |; |2 E# `/ c. X; I I! q9 e3 V1 M
Withdrawal and Renunciation4 @2 l" [! u1 {& d- l8 l1 z: g
51. Walk-outs- I7 _2 s! s3 [8 f& Z% d
52. Silence6 Q6 L2 w: P! N+ B$ p
53. Renouncing honors
+ G9 q* E+ U( w' w 54. Turning one’s back
' o/ L: w8 e* j Z- Y# M3 N9 E
* G6 X( N- s/ R2 O% @ 3 J, m5 P- @6 E7 z; U+ {
# Q0 Z5 M3 j' X9 F) ?
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 [! J1 J8 D8 M
! C( F- g3 u) S7 m# M
: Y K4 ^$ U% w4 A) F
( H' Z, M' k5 t. m9 {Ostracism of Persons1 |1 w, ^6 q9 h" p0 q- } `
55. Social boycott9 R0 H$ u% ]& r4 A
56. Selective social boycott2 T8 \6 _5 K! y* e( Z7 m8 J
57. Lysistratic nonaction. u4 W6 D( w# [8 K* a Q
58. Excommunication6 S5 k# x* K! N5 N- L, o* m
59. Interdict
+ C) P) v6 K- W. K. M# z/ t( s# A* o
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 h) Q3 O+ j% {, O9 Q2 E' l
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, D- m/ U- W1 F0 M4 w 61. Boycott of social affairs/ d1 Y5 F$ n$ C6 w/ {
62. Student strike& M) o. i, ~. X8 K
63. Social disobedience
" s8 A: _/ k' h. q5 n1 ` 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' r* i1 U/ ]6 i( l O' j* ?* c3 Q3 A! p; N8 g7 u
Withdrawal from the Social System
: M1 v+ m2 s; |) X' m 65. Stay-at-home
e0 \& x$ V# C$ j3 `, y 66. Total personal noncooperation E/ I: E+ V& b# S& @
67. “Flight” of workers/ ^! C9 ]) Z, ], {7 m& b! a# @
68. Sanctuary
& U( w1 j# o3 O: {1 ]# ]/ H( l 69. Collective disappearance! {6 ^/ p8 l6 Y$ P1 }4 R% @1 ?
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
. x2 y$ c$ r! f9 _: T( r; m3 n O3 j: W
$ E+ B, x8 l/ X/ S1 [% D
( z3 k5 U( z5 n* e
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS h) [' P5 N/ g! ]+ [. N
; T& D( W& K9 [; a/ z
% V+ w: o; u' h2 ]7 H% Z" b6 eActions by Consumers9 ~" }2 [4 Y: F; s3 [& \* X) k. B
71. Consumers’ boycott
) V1 k3 o4 j7 _4 H+ i, j 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ Y6 G, z0 I; G" v; I# r, @ 73. Policy of austerity
' ^- |2 a5 [- S$ K) ~7 U2 x6 ] 74. Rent withholding1 j4 R& y' p% D9 Y- y/ P+ L
75. Refusal to rent/ b% I# J& i3 |1 z3 I" a4 g
76. National consumers’ boycott
+ t, b5 K3 ]- L" d+ A1 D. {' Q 77. International consumers’ boycott$ o3 d$ E. N5 B" H
6 T& o9 W0 b0 f }7 \& h, RAction by Workers and Producers4 N' c; a( k& m3 ~
78. Workmen’s boycott
+ y; t5 d: n/ g7 p7 u) r 79. Producers’ boycott; s9 N _2 R1 ?! g$ A1 ^0 E0 @
9 t, k/ f4 g; C/ {9 i/ {) }Action by Middlemen
" B7 t$ E5 k4 L: E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 C2 b- t: J7 I9 A# ?
9 t, R! u' V7 \% }* t DAction by Owners and Management
! G6 z- U- W% a/ ]* l6 z 81. Traders’ boycott; y( T$ v2 g7 K X
82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 k/ `& x, a" q8 q d7 D4 y 83. Lockout
2 R* K5 w: n: e; F2 k; o 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 t: z0 V: n# S0 V5 g( W 85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 T+ f" K! X, _ e* j3 m
7 Z' S3 Y+ Z7 s# @Action by Holders of Financial Resources
8 r; L" l$ K0 ?/ J" X 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% W9 L+ y' F/ H 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' ~0 m' k5 a, D. I8 J6 ^0 O7 h 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 v8 Z8 v7 t2 n4 S, ~2 e" ]# h" v g
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 J0 N8 C L9 @6 e- c w- W- g! F" | 90. Revenue refusal
9 X9 _3 _6 U# y: `3 Z3 e 91. Refusal of a government’s money
; V6 s6 \" ?& d! ]* |
9 A6 l. A3 b# x5 ]& w. YAction by Governments
/ I- @5 z: z) [9 w/ p! g* A 92. Domestic embargo
2 W3 }7 l M; L$ B) W2 g 93. Blacklisting of traders
- `: Y# X9 H, a8 [9 B+ ~1 q 94. International sellers’ embargo8 v& {$ h. V& @9 `: w! D+ M( H
95. International buyers’ embargo4 T9 C" j) }! j! a1 w
96. International trade embargo
$ K8 T0 s8 Y* @ K2 e: u* T" ~, j( B; N; D) n: M
# T* B1 W' B' I# ?& A, x
7 {) F. {- g, b+ q7 a2 p1 R5 V/ tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
; |+ F3 R0 e6 @6 E
5 h& I" S2 Z6 k2 I( \- w. Y- [ 0 N4 |. |8 K9 S3 o6 a
Symbolic Strikes* _/ V" z% d u" w7 e
97. Protest strike
% m% g Q' v8 w8 d) D$ G2 W L3 S 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; g: H2 a9 r5 c* ^" \. w3 z$ ~4 E$ j( O+ Z
Agricultural Strikes# c4 P' w! O+ g! R
99. Peasant strike* c5 S4 ?" K/ |! k2 m
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ e- y- P' s5 h) N, P9 d
; Z: b+ D; |$ y2 e$ b
Strikes by Special Groups
8 x5 x, [2 {* i. Q: `9 L 101. Refusal of impressed labor" ^% ~; M) S q8 {* Q' s+ U
102. Prisoners’ strike- A V9 ^0 R" H* ^+ \, j
103. Craft strike$ y, T% h1 ?0 j+ D- x
104. Professional strike% z' U( b" o) e/ j$ h# c1 n
' P4 R3 }1 A0 W# B+ m! x
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
/ f, t5 ~$ J: v; p! u! F* r 105. Establishment strike
- F, ^% Y* S6 } 106. Industry strike! I, q+ V$ J& }; I( a
107. Sympathetic strike& @! \( o' z6 z( |$ D. K0 X
3 Z, q- E$ X2 e+ H* o' S- `5 p
Restricted Strikes; }$ P# y$ w u% j
108. Detailed strike) [ C* P, ^/ o) D3 W3 b6 \. t! u
109. Bumper strike
3 p0 \' ]1 ^; _# ~( c5 b 110. Slowdown strike
) N# y6 O( m; W' V 111. Working-to-rule strike+ |& J# z) D4 ]2 }% G/ z6 d2 r
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# ]! z7 L2 I) Y& D9 j
113. Strike by resignation
7 u% R0 S% D D4 W, o 114. Limited strike
+ i3 ~( Y( W% z6 W w 115. Selective strike
' R8 u- w, u& w5 P6 [5 D. E; b. Z0 |5 i5 i# N9 e% L2 J6 @3 V' B
Multi-Industry Strikes
) e9 k4 X. z R" z% N
$ x4 R7 v8 _( g/ M 116. Generalized strike, g& X7 L2 p- O( f% Z
& }: J0 B. M# D4 A# y" m 117. General strike
0 U0 K9 x0 I7 [9 c4 Y# E1 B _2 G) K3 d) G
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) F* B% I1 E0 R1 d6 ~) L' A; B; _2 s3 V$ w0 U6 T7 [) Z" P) z- Y
118. Hartal
, D0 U( D; E9 Y, T2 p' K+ A# S* ?, H# z/ O f: a v3 ? d& C6 c6 ~$ h
119. Economic shutdown& x* @ ?9 g* ]# e6 y
6 Z+ E. U! ^0 Q
) x4 N$ O3 q0 g, D1 ~. O9 J7 g z- r
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" Q1 m* \- p+ H. } {9 [% h
6 M8 D! z; e6 Z0 n# @/ ^
! P, C! e: P" q7 N$ t1 a0 x# aRejection of Authority
' y3 d+ F! t! j) F$ a* G5 b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: @, g1 G4 {) q 121. Refusal of public support
/ ~; P! z# L8 m 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# l, y7 i k' [1 g: \9 |
: N! ~9 o/ T# K$ y0 SCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: D$ K; a1 F5 I% e 123. Boycott of legislative bodies- W! W: T1 \5 i5 b" s: {% N
124. Boycott of elections
$ i- C& k$ i7 q' j" h% _2 J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 i& D2 r6 q( ]4 Q+ p
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% @* u- v9 X% D+ i4 v! `; T
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) J; g/ |0 a# J2 P6 L- f9 a6 E/ a4 L 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ S8 J3 f' @; g8 [' y+ f" a$ q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 ~" j$ a# F" {2 ^6 Y; A& a+ ^ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ Y- z0 r4 C+ Q& f: u0 l1 Y! E
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( P6 a1 s- P0 i- M3 e. n 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) W9 ? a8 D& N" g$ o* a
* l. J" u& e( q1 f* z8 rCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! C0 n3 E% L1 y0 x9 j% r9 G
133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ e [& Y1 B' g: x/ Y3 F" c) h
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 V+ q5 o( @5 a
135. Popular nonobedience4 E6 F6 b# Y, E- F. M# s
136. Disguised disobedience8 M9 c, n, _0 P$ Q; M6 Y% ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 n& S7 l9 {. r! H' {+ z
138. Sitdown
3 n) }7 r& q% Z5 s9 x# K; I 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation J, d O$ }# b2 r; R6 y' `' G
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& m# q1 k; v) p 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: h r. d) q4 _9 Z& R
$ b# `. r5 b3 l, k) @8 u" JAction by Government Personnel
- u: X' O( O t* q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 f7 r$ P' x5 q R- H7 ]* A) o
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# c {! y6 M& L5 { 144. Stalling and obstruction$ y0 c" L( C# O! j
145. General administrative noncooperation8 C' y2 q) o" I
: V0 t* J! R* x0 c5 w4 i. m2 L. k 146. Judicial noncooperation
9 X" N: L# j& R/ I: E4 Z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& s/ q3 u% s4 i9 s2 b( I 148. Mutiny
, O. |; P1 R7 M' {: {! T0 YDomestic Governmental Action" I* j8 u* L8 q/ W" u' x7 Z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% ^& V! A4 R d/ L9 r 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ ~3 G8 f4 }' M6 c. R. z
4 |% v+ J0 `' q- ]5 {9 l3 nInternational Governmental Action4 F+ f3 r7 h, R! W& R4 s+ G
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: r6 w4 G! }( E3 c8 Q2 o, z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* O# @+ i( J% d- @- m9 _9 x
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 S- P% ^ ~% _0 N: Y0 k 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" A4 _% @" i6 u6 Q: X9 {: e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 ?% C& N5 }9 e* G# v6 M5 M
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. t8 A# A7 Q: F% r6 J1 D 157. Expulsion from international organizations9 _! T/ z2 C7 b
$ S7 o) i8 s e- M. w% h
# b: A$ h4 S3 ?; }( A' ]' ]( I5 I
- m4 b( K! V+ B; z9 _6 ^' Q) _$ S2 rTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 a9 Q$ Q. _: q" i, a4 k7 ~/ B
6 h* C# l6 L3 t3 _, x 0 B9 M2 Z# M0 `
Psychological Intervention" r1 }# f' l; m9 I5 X3 f) f9 ]
158. Self-exposure to the elements5 r @* c) F7 T g
159. The fast
4 k* n: a2 v' g+ ~ a) Fast of moral pressure
" v0 T3 m7 m( q" p# W0 {, F) U b) Hunger strike3 F+ X1 a! k1 R5 v R4 t* G
c) Satyagrahic fast+ p& x) _; p/ G# I H( l( O" A- x
160. Reverse trial
0 d: r% w. U& P4 |& m! ^ 161. Nonviolent harassment# M+ H0 n8 U7 r2 Z, f1 k
$ W" c {! D' Z2 n5 @+ RPhysical Intervention
+ Y, }; j5 q8 h 162. Sit-in
0 m" G7 a: w1 x t 163. Stand-in
3 x' @% h7 O) t! d9 A3 R 164. Ride-in
8 B+ ^1 Y" K. p3 _1 _& y 165. Wade-in
$ G8 ~: w! a6 i m 166. Mill-in
$ H3 Q% l+ P+ n; J; `4 s0 `+ ]: l3 C 167. Pray-in
. D2 l( ]* |6 c, q 168. Nonviolent raids, r: N" Z# S6 f: K7 c
169. Nonviolent air raids6 f# n6 |3 u& l. A9 W; q
170. Nonviolent invasion% W, g- D! n8 _! y/ j$ q8 M
171. Nonviolent interjection# u" a* j" `9 x% x
172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ H% A, x' p/ u; a9 \3 U" } 173. Nonviolent occupation
6 F; i4 z# k# o( o+ {8 N( K" f% G8 q/ x1 s
Social Intervention
) }! Q/ y8 h, }$ h" m$ y 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 @; v( q3 Q( I7 F 175. Overloading of facilities
( z; P$ @6 T- p2 }$ L- n 176. Stall-in; L/ M$ {6 b Y$ k5 c
177. Speak-in( L* B. [: e6 v* h3 h
178. Guerrilla theater% p, M3 s& |1 D$ Y# R! k0 f
179. Alternative social institutions
, `% O9 ^9 }0 T O5 q8 X 180. Alternative communication system
8 ]7 |" G) X1 @" t. F" p7 L- _* p: [) L2 X& [' ?* P! B
Economic Intervention
1 Z5 _0 O( Z& a. b 181. Reverse strike6 b7 z# ]3 E* d9 c* T( K; \" i2 Q
182. Stay-in strike
# U) Z4 R2 |8 }4 S' E 183. Nonviolent land seizure
O+ l; r- a- S5 n9 a% d 184. Defiance of blockades. D/ c8 j% j0 B: d. p% x
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting M) ?+ h& x/ ?6 w$ F. X. y
186. Preclusive purchasing# [) t4 Z* E$ Q! G
187. Seizure of assets: r$ _$ B+ r$ }0 ^2 {6 S8 Z
188. Dumping4 r! [, X6 O: S7 S* f
189. Selective patronage% @2 f+ ?: z ?
190. Alternative markets
& j& `2 s. m" i* S5 M/ G( K 191. Alternative transportation systems
- g; C [/ L% P" o1 z 192. Alternative economic institutions4 Y- [% y) c+ X: m
# g+ _ |9 m, k! v* Z C: T: M) FPolitical Intervention- t* E8 i: |2 a! F+ J$ H- T: R
193. Overloading of administrative systems* f9 K8 N/ t5 Z! k( V! j+ G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents J: q9 I1 t8 p; |, v% L7 Y
195. Seeking imprisonment
) |" y/ [7 h; O6 C 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ A b+ D3 h% _& @ 197. Work-on without collaboration V9 Y% F r" U* U
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 i( E- b# {5 i) P# R9 e" u8 K
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
