 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; J/ i9 `) x4 ?! AFormal Statements
3 b5 S/ A X% @ 1. Public Speeches' `/ T' `0 t9 U9 j$ M) T9 W8 `
2. Letters of opposition or support
" ~# [/ n, u/ v v) Y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: z/ j. L' `5 V- c3 ?4 ?3 S% ]' C' G
4. Signed public statements/ Y2 k/ \) v% N$ l3 ]
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ O9 g1 E3 d! h6 |. M8 h. D 6. Group or mass petitions
3 P9 @# t$ M; S" u1 E
) ^9 M4 k3 D9 X+ a7 l- e6 @6 HCommunications with a Wider Audience& B9 F2 W \! F6 c& Y$ \" j. ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 U0 u* X5 D ]# p
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; o: I4 U3 b' A/ H- N' r: s
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 S6 f% h# ]9 T* p# ?2 @# l& F 10. Newspapers and journals$ _2 W0 s7 ~" z& T6 K$ I
11. Records, radio, and television8 L" a1 Y, w1 I8 D- K. [: W0 C
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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# a6 g9 A* c ?# g! b S0 SGroup Representations
2 o8 r: ?! g5 u1 }% y3 d. i 13. Deputations" H5 A; f d5 Z0 t1 k5 k
14. Mock awards
; ^5 W( k. l- X3 H- l5 X 15. Group lobbying* @+ v1 J4 K" s
16. Picketing
* E% v* s- y( ~3 `( X& S; q 17. Mock elections
& L. R( l/ b1 m( |. e X
! d; g2 B& j# Q0 t4 |3 V) xSymbolic Public Acts
7 Z) B1 c' o ^/ K& `7 x# i 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 b" J' j" |0 M& X# p; s
19. Wearing of symbols1 y( e$ _; g% Q0 z9 D$ }
20. Prayer and worship
( i5 Y1 y3 g7 m6 ? 21. Delivering symbolic objects5 {2 c$ _+ a* }" N- m8 F
22. Protest disrobings
( ~$ { [) P. ]% {4 J6 ~( S$ E 23. Destruction of own property4 h$ R$ x0 D4 n2 K1 \3 |
24. Symbolic lights
1 z( b% \$ x9 ]+ z2 U 25. Displays of portraits( R8 r h8 t* D
26. Paint as protest
: _$ o$ I4 Q! r7 A 27. New signs and names+ d. }0 j. ~$ O; ~$ o! ^5 o: R9 F
28. Symbolic sounds6 m' K R- e- M! \% w/ c: g
29. Symbolic reclamations
# m. {- X& X) O% U' p9 t- V 30. Rude gestures% ~; Q- f# F; d
/ Z3 h$ C7 D6 M- y$ R( c1 TPressures on Individuals
) F/ ?: T# S% X* M* p3 q2 I$ @ 31. “Haunting” officials' ~, a# `" U) A! O2 b
32. Taunting officials9 l* X0 n c$ P, I1 Z9 m+ o E3 }
33. Fraternization4 A) G3 G) t3 V. [1 R& v$ e7 l
34. Vigils$ w5 M* P3 w" k6 c! @" u
/ `2 m4 {5 _2 v- z+ zDrama and Music+ K5 |$ J# o6 p; h
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 g# S& ^2 j4 N 36. Performances of plays and music
- U" z! M" ^ i" F7 d; t! } 37. Singing
) w4 x( T$ H" M% Q' d6 q- u8 |5 E" w0 \! R- h7 z
Processions
2 q4 }# G8 Z) ^) k 38. Marches
' L6 J( p3 ?- w' O7 J5 s 39. Parades; P) [4 m8 ~& k' r' l
40. Religious processions$ j0 ~% V9 Z2 L/ }
41. Pilgrimages
7 F& @$ x0 [+ V8 ?* c. C1 N @9 r 42. Motorcades
5 G5 S' x% ~' M6 @: `* T S$ }5 ~6 a& N5 a& k! J- d9 n# ~# q
Honoring the Dead
2 V, Y# v/ a' h% J0 G 43. Political mourning# D0 H n# G4 |9 d3 [+ q6 B
44. Mock funerals
7 p' ~9 P' S, g 45. Demonstrative funerals
^" g! K) |0 J3 m6 w9 L3 S9 U 46. Homage at burial places
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! ^* \- S! s) e/ s' h3 ]! n8 j7 RPublic Assemblies) g, Z) j8 @0 I8 W6 Y4 M. d1 g
47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 B( m9 V5 t' l# m4 E5 W# U- ] 48. Protest meetings
9 H; ^5 t0 Z" |# }; s! p* E0 M6 z$ c 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ a3 d$ Q% g: G6 X3 R/ Y' { 50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation' \! N' Y5 y/ v1 C6 ^7 V6 g
51. Walk-outs9 W4 H# W$ N1 }
52. Silence% _) t, x3 `0 I
53. Renouncing honors
" ?! L$ d: J2 O* l3 o 54. Turning one’s back
4 z' A8 w; C) S. \: J7 l/ ^! S4 j: H* X$ n7 C# ^) g+ I3 ^7 @
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( K9 L0 f. u" z; y9 B7 `, M
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
7 w, m# N, `' V, k. t& B+ P$ a- R- F! ?8 W% W' w# t5 [) u
9 e1 U! h* X9 R. r- y/ @/ F! F3 n v% F; a0 ^# F
Ostracism of Persons/ }; Q4 t: p5 {
55. Social boycott
" w7 M$ S' [3 p- L4 ?* V( V0 g 56. Selective social boycott
) W) p5 e: Y: E: R 57. Lysistratic nonaction
! D3 N& ]: A" w: e. k7 H/ e 58. Excommunication
; O e" w. s- @3 k$ { 59. Interdict& c5 [) Y. \) s2 J; K, ~; {
9 a4 z* R" K' E& @& V; hNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
P9 i( ~5 K/ h$ E 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 ~: M8 s" Q _! ^& F 61. Boycott of social affairs
: Q4 w. p1 {( z/ ~. F- X+ ~ 62. Student strike
3 t4 [% a6 l+ ?2 {6 _) O- E 63. Social disobedience
* C' U' o3 m% @0 x: u 64. Withdrawal from social institutions- k q2 [' U/ |& h. b) M' O
; O0 `' Q9 N; Y
Withdrawal from the Social System
0 Z- t& a/ C/ b$ B4 Y9 E 65. Stay-at-home
+ K" Y: h8 r% E# `2 Y$ \! D2 Y- J 66. Total personal noncooperation# @. f8 b+ M8 t
67. “Flight” of workers5 I# g- z3 G; K, _* ?
68. Sanctuary
7 V9 [3 a7 Q I; j/ }4 y3 e: R 69. Collective disappearance# @' C, a$ ]& h) D) O* m& m8 N
70. Protest emigration (hijrat), i1 Y& t9 N1 l/ ~- b6 \
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9 N' \- _# O8 I+ @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers4 Y' g, {$ h# h8 U& g( B0 u
71. Consumers’ boycott# [/ U# b- I3 W1 k2 _) G7 u
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 V6 G- e3 n0 I1 V" c* x5 `. t/ ]
73. Policy of austerity
$ @2 C3 `. Q* L" n- A$ @ 74. Rent withholding
2 ?& }: Q8 ?4 f& R$ i- J( b 75. Refusal to rent4 Y* X0 _- k8 c% d, j( [
76. National consumers’ boycott
6 y% e4 x, B- U 77. International consumers’ boycott
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+ E, E; K; D! bAction by Workers and Producers5 K. \8 X2 s% g
78. Workmen’s boycott
$ {1 S0 Z! ]6 Z+ c 79. Producers’ boycott
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9 O, ^) }: c1 l+ _) W$ ^) [Action by Middlemen
9 E" R$ J6 O: ~/ _' n 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
! |2 \' b2 T' x+ d9 U0 b 81. Traders’ boycott
5 a8 ~' d8 `* W; t3 {% [1 H3 g 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 m# d8 ?) H w# j6 G
83. Lockout
1 J6 [1 W( Z1 d; L) U 84. Refusal of industrial assistance l* c- v7 }; Q6 [+ X
85. Merchants’ “general strike”! u( K+ ]2 ^; z
' z" ^, A) [7 |2 YAction by Holders of Financial Resources/ h; ~3 W2 s8 M5 u9 }. M1 a- Z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# e% M, L, n% M# T/ k/ j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: n- l+ p7 K6 T 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" b, O O- e& R' E. G 89. Severance of funds and credit# V; | b! l" L2 y
90. Revenue refusal
$ K# i' ]7 Z: `; o9 z: B3 k 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 p( N# G, ^9 H; ?, a
7 @2 \' a% c7 Q7 b- E) m! {
Action by Governments7 K" O0 I! h$ S8 Q: C, n
92. Domestic embargo
* X, W W: q y- s/ {$ c 93. Blacklisting of traders
6 v5 b. ~( Z8 e4 L1 `6 v4 e/ N 94. International sellers’ embargo" X4 h" @6 x6 ?3 X' G# k
95. International buyers’ embargo) V8 w, b( \8 A e: D! W; b
96. International trade embargo$ d+ v# a# B% o, B3 ?. j4 [( l3 T
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$ i$ N8 V( k1 h0 x, jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 ]) H. B2 |4 h8 f# I( b
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3 ?' |0 E* |3 f! z: w, c0 ?+ m" [Symbolic Strikes/ j5 M6 l4 Q# n5 \( L. N4 [
97. Protest strike
, e" G9 h3 |' Q5 f! @% y4 |0 ]& J 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 i+ ]' I: k6 g" |/ g
c& P) }/ ? N( h' e* I: y' G% x" IAgricultural Strikes8 k' R/ P# d9 k! ]: ~
99. Peasant strike
) a7 u; m- H+ b+ `/ I( b 100. Farm Workers’ strike9 g% ~% f; @7 I& D( q
% l( t! ^( P7 X$ vStrikes by Special Groups
2 L V8 o t- B& p# M/ s* b% D 101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 U5 ?0 l) K# l( B5 a% x 102. Prisoners’ strike
6 b- M4 y. ?) ~1 ~! |$ I 103. Craft strike
* `; \, w( B" t6 }7 S 104. Professional strike
: F- T) n, ]6 |8 E4 {( R
- F/ b2 @/ }1 C8 M h4 ~Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 g z q9 n Z/ t' u7 @3 U; L3 G. ^
105. Establishment strike% y+ s5 a9 {( }" Y( Z2 [1 \
106. Industry strike. @. n0 W, n; B( d; r9 z) s/ V0 |
107. Sympathetic strike8 W2 |, r' I: T& m
( A& x; W- A2 ]0 K/ Z- K: K% \ q: dRestricted Strikes
. `0 v1 J( E% t9 } 108. Detailed strike( S. U5 S3 q6 T+ T p7 p. _4 e
109. Bumper strike
6 A& C* ^1 y2 J4 _% @9 p( m 110. Slowdown strike+ F3 X' e4 r* `4 }
111. Working-to-rule strike* f Z) k3 }9 V+ C
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in). _7 _6 @0 c z% q/ c% w
113. Strike by resignation5 e: ]7 U* Z9 t: v \0 r: l r
114. Limited strike
1 U4 L" l: G& N1 p3 X 115. Selective strike
. \( V$ o) V4 O: u6 Y, o8 x
/ H& x* c Z5 F1 \! o9 q" ?Multi-Industry Strikes
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1 T0 G6 B$ J- R! {; J 116. Generalized strike
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* V8 t& k8 `% e, {2 T 117. General strike
8 d* C# f0 @1 L) [( i2 L5 C' s
' @. b% O& h5 e8 j) s3 x; d" h& iCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% n2 Z1 t" b) X$ B7 v% }" u. j2 d8 S. f9 o9 I! F
118. Hartal: Z5 J% Q" \/ Z. Q5 y# k
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119. Economic shutdown, f0 p+ w: f4 {
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 }) w8 Z/ R( I# ~3 V
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+ z! R) y+ @$ @1 _' K, X4 c. B
Rejection of Authority: J9 ?# B. Y3 x7 ~: r7 k
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% ` R, O, K: M8 E- {1 E; k/ i- o$ m
121. Refusal of public support A: U- s" f+ y9 P5 E* Q. w& A: N
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 g) d: Y. V2 Q- m. T' i& ~/ k) h
4 U3 M; X$ A( ]+ L) `$ ECitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, O- V; _( O- o! @ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 n# s# t! k8 I1 A 124. Boycott of elections
% s- T `) N5 v4 } 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 ^7 p! o, e9 c; B, j 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! {! K. c p8 |1 [1 } s
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* |$ }& x+ W: Z% S# I* D4 [
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 ]4 n; L. R7 m Z% ^ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 N/ u% m5 i8 I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- U' I) n7 l! C8 l ~) f
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- l2 P1 Z7 e! c' b9 j 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 X5 P6 \6 r9 g! _. z+ |9 v) Z2 \6 a, c+ F5 D3 S( u
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; o N6 R) i7 W
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* b7 J Y7 \( T 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! c' F! I, c. p( G2 \' [
135. Popular nonobedience
- X& Z2 [6 d3 M: m3 m# o: ? 136. Disguised disobedience2 F" h( [+ O9 V: _. y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
1 F9 r3 \2 E- [2 j 138. Sitdown
( h/ i/ i# d% V# k0 f! Q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# C0 k' o' F+ D# Q2 ^: N 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ L6 _$ N5 y+ K {3 I/ ^
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) f+ P& `; Q) Q! W0 k, ?& n
* B$ b. \* x5 F/ {! d+ H7 c# j
Action by Government Personnel
, p% r* C: a1 {0 P: [1 Q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; z6 Y$ K$ p; [# o( U 143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 w8 A% j: b# G1 g/ M5 _
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 m, w. `- F6 g d# U 145. General administrative noncooperation
* h- [+ i5 C' _# M% r
+ F& |8 ~3 u& ]: Z1 O9 p! b$ B. H 146. Judicial noncooperation
: S+ O9 T, Y! e5 K& C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 W/ C( M; o" y! \. I4 r 148. Mutiny4 D. w9 N( Q; g& L T
Domestic Governmental Action
8 t; x% M+ o9 I7 ~ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; S( A* ` N( X4 E 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; L! f, b: Z( Q% k! t% s2 }1 y7 k" f- M* y
International Governmental Action: Q' J5 d d: g
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 F: V2 n8 O8 Z" m5 m% M7 B, A% G
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. J/ D3 W# Q. p1 s/ T* m 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 Z3 R% p0 k9 Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 w" @, O% J, _/ _, g 155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 ]. J+ `# t$ ?4 H( H' |& p2 V- T2 x
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ `3 {" P; C* z) r
157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 a. l6 i) @ @- s% U5 a) p9 l( x+ h' H3 S, d: R- N
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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8 l, R% J5 |% r) v" \Psychological Intervention; o0 A4 L* C. X5 s9 p
158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ X0 ]5 M# Z9 ?; m: V# S3 K 159. The fast; S' Q3 E0 F7 \2 s. o
a) Fast of moral pressure4 m ?" J3 F) p! T. m+ O
b) Hunger strike4 f: {" y# g3 }; b( d4 S2 c- B4 \' U2 ^
c) Satyagrahic fast O4 C! S x' G( [; [
160. Reverse trial1 u; `8 u6 C8 @& `9 k6 Y
161. Nonviolent harassment, `6 r& @ x( }7 z
* Z' T& o* Q/ O* X5 VPhysical Intervention* q y, [; }* G& O% p& E Q
162. Sit-in0 a$ w1 R( k, B* E: O
163. Stand-in
5 E' Z+ c8 N+ R9 ], j- |! Y 164. Ride-in
6 W# o: f7 f, G P b1 b 165. Wade-in
5 k+ y1 z7 V; a 166. Mill-in+ K4 d+ z) }# Z5 h% |
167. Pray-in7 T/ c+ y2 G7 j
168. Nonviolent raids
& Q& ]. c6 X5 `- b, C9 {; q1 K# s 169. Nonviolent air raids' d: m9 @# p1 Q: I* k! ~
170. Nonviolent invasion h3 h. g4 y$ w1 G/ j
171. Nonviolent interjection8 v/ B4 G2 e* F+ _; J
172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 V( b* d; @7 x4 D& k 173. Nonviolent occupation' p2 w/ a/ v$ g- j$ k
% o' C5 `$ r" V! @Social Intervention+ m* [! j1 j7 r5 b4 ^
174. Establishing new social patterns* _% }' S4 v2 r# }( z
175. Overloading of facilities. |5 Q5 ~, s- O
176. Stall-in/ e4 ~+ w6 F+ U6 o2 b( R P
177. Speak-in2 R$ e K1 Q) c+ g A0 D; O2 f1 q
178. Guerrilla theater
$ \, O0 P. A$ m, |9 `7 o: J' F 179. Alternative social institutions
, }% c9 p$ A5 c H9 [; { 180. Alternative communication system( s2 j- \ w( c4 M( |
6 }, \3 Z( S/ m7 w9 ]Economic Intervention
4 F) @$ s7 t, m9 P0 Q; c 181. Reverse strike
& ~1 r, `& w, m( J8 ^ 182. Stay-in strike
1 V& A) ~7 u: |+ f; o 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ F2 |4 |3 N: i2 t: R
184. Defiance of blockades) ?- E( |1 P2 Q% t# m: Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% p! R' J$ b1 E% F! S 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 l- S) y8 E5 j0 v6 h) m: Y' q* f( { 187. Seizure of assets% O7 k% c. s" w" Q9 t, i& f
188. Dumping; P1 y3 \; Q, T1 A. U
189. Selective patronage
* O d/ d4 W# U; L0 }% M 190. Alternative markets( o& \" Q n, {( X% _: k
191. Alternative transportation systems
% h$ n5 \: z% ?! X2 E8 ^ 192. Alternative economic institutions( Z3 D$ A% ^: O5 R; x* G
) o) s0 n' B A
Political Intervention
2 w4 B8 k+ ?3 B' [5 O- h/ [ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
& J, i5 z! O2 I) D 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 v9 L6 a) h+ [& F$ W5 k
195. Seeking imprisonment$ G) E; N0 f' o4 t4 v
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& p( u3 i# y) \ 197. Work-on without collaboration+ F% c8 ]0 \' o8 T4 G; ?
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: T: K4 z- L$ q! G& |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
