 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 t0 a* h: O* S" EFormal Statements8 K& O4 ?- U( y) C& `, U
1. Public Speeches
: Q+ Q" Y% L$ n8 T7 m' t& I# ^ 2. Letters of opposition or support0 [0 l# x% T* ]8 k1 t4 I h
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 E, R' x( E, G/ w$ d; D3 }
4. Signed public statements' `: l; g8 a& d4 q0 H+ C' d; ^- p3 k4 k
5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 ~' d# {6 X9 Y; }
6. Group or mass petitions
& f( ]* y+ [% o9 X( \1 U) @6 W+ c4 v" b* [
Communications with a Wider Audience, W# z' @* v' w# M/ m1 E g
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 w3 V p# K$ a, o" ]% }
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' E, f7 F" d. i p6 l
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 L6 ~& y( b+ s
10. Newspapers and journals$ H2 h* c7 }2 j8 O0 u1 o
11. Records, radio, and television
; ~6 r5 Q3 e$ d3 f0 L( y* @' i 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' g* g- ~0 k/ q8 _: D2 l- @6 x& o: m9 W& B1 r" p2 @
Group Representations2 v R x, v8 Z
13. Deputations
! q1 z2 M: i8 L3 N# D 14. Mock awards
2 l: J5 R3 t- }2 q% \7 H; I 15. Group lobbying" n- T( D! l% K( L
16. Picketing8 l! l9 ^1 e' N# w
17. Mock elections
. v1 S: l+ W: U; I6 H: L9 @ D9 t( v+ E2 J
Symbolic Public Acts. u% A6 `* \, C" V$ N, ^- _
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 W. j% D5 \' d# K 19. Wearing of symbols
7 |, B& D. _- Y; q9 K$ E2 x; g& }0 S. \ 20. Prayer and worship8 G, J+ M# Q" x/ j# a
21. Delivering symbolic objects* o* f- C* Z6 ?+ d& w% `# Q
22. Protest disrobings
/ X" n6 C) R& Q' d& H9 d$ b 23. Destruction of own property) H6 c/ v; q* P; K6 @( T3 I9 n
24. Symbolic lights
y/ K3 {2 a2 j. G0 j 25. Displays of portraits+ n) T; ^+ r/ r! |
26. Paint as protest9 l$ E4 W5 k, g9 a9 c. o
27. New signs and names
* [6 p( \+ B! [: q. P4 | 28. Symbolic sounds
# C7 |. D& I4 s+ @, Z9 P5 q7 f 29. Symbolic reclamations
1 U8 j1 X' ^4 W/ f# J" B 30. Rude gestures1 m0 `4 |- N: \& a; O- S( W
3 |+ U4 z: P. F# x8 V L
Pressures on Individuals
4 a! b. _5 ], x* v/ M+ J) }# p 31. “Haunting” officials B& t# q8 V. m% O0 s0 R5 k
32. Taunting officials
i( _6 h! }+ W- | 33. Fraternization
6 f. Q% _4 t" m d 34. Vigils( p5 N" H8 e; S0 U
; @* q8 U- w% z% S/ ?
Drama and Music& K4 n4 l7 d/ o( d( W4 m, o
35. Humorous skits and pranks% r* x" P% @+ o, h* y1 h
36. Performances of plays and music
U! L) x }# g! i" x( Y! N 37. Singing* h% W" ?! b) V4 A+ N* J
1 m- Y$ S" f' \8 ]: ^+ A9 ?+ BProcessions7 o! B/ Y+ O/ ^5 j Q
38. Marches
* {, X3 H) L+ e& C# \: Y 39. Parades0 \; A0 U# J7 P0 J V) m
40. Religious processions
7 k$ d9 ]2 \. V' Y1 m 41. Pilgrimages
! j* l* x! X' P y 42. Motorcades; ^. `- y) R( n
n/ X7 K6 H6 l% Q" J% M( vHonoring the Dead8 Y; e$ x3 P0 a r* q
43. Political mourning% c. [/ R) X& a; Y; h# e
44. Mock funerals9 u8 ~5 d$ c) s' r; \" k- v3 N
45. Demonstrative funerals3 V K1 {3 u0 y3 d
46. Homage at burial places6 ^$ J _5 @* l; w% O, Y* j/ h5 s$ U
. |+ P% b1 W4 @2 ]
Public Assemblies7 _, J1 B" J R4 h# Q. ?) b* p. D7 X- e
47. Assemblies of protest or support1 z, L% m3 x5 u5 c) Q) z2 |
48. Protest meetings9 Z3 X) U+ C4 U7 k: U9 o
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 ]0 }0 S, P v" _9 g" m
50. Teach-ins
* |! ~) [9 P! i X9 x; I U6 o% N" @6 H8 O- x
Withdrawal and Renunciation. L$ P. \+ H* ~: d
51. Walk-outs
+ y8 c x1 Y4 O3 o' L 52. Silence* s* g0 \( k. _# |
53. Renouncing honors; P$ F8 G* t4 H" i! y& Q8 ]
54. Turning one’s back
; A3 O- A0 \# u+ `4 I! t% y
% {: V; `9 a. N , [7 R" c8 }3 J9 _4 |; Y0 h
. _; |# [# q5 `! W/ O! S7 w xTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 P3 D# O1 R$ c/ J3 O
Z& d) I2 w4 i( U, c! ^
+ \4 D0 E' h/ _Ostracism of Persons! ^3 \3 e0 B# e- ]7 H# k+ B' |
55. Social boycott$ a) V- X3 G, O3 h) w: ~
56. Selective social boycott
9 q! C t6 ~/ P& w+ n! H* U6 g( Y 57. Lysistratic nonaction2 d0 @' {& B" l! W
58. Excommunication
6 n& [* J4 X# D" N- }- o 59. Interdict
6 R4 L9 p& A' I# A8 Q* r3 _% f- v/ g) G8 i8 C, t2 S) _
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ l! a5 N& D( R- Z7 S/ k% s2 T
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; r3 I4 e: E& I1 u8 I$ a 61. Boycott of social affairs" `% I. m" q: t1 }* k1 [* v3 D
62. Student strike
) [( H6 l6 d/ L3 Q3 W2 S0 R 63. Social disobedience1 [) b, u$ V( d2 [% _
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 f2 R: d- Z8 n9 y
# }& m0 a- y6 F5 \4 f* xWithdrawal from the Social System- j" m2 @/ l, N3 n+ P1 M6 f
65. Stay-at-home
% ^4 C3 }6 W$ U, i 66. Total personal noncooperation# V% `; K' q+ v8 U
67. “Flight” of workers
7 q5 N% A. K# }/ q* B4 A 68. Sanctuary% Y- b6 N7 F9 P7 R8 X& q
69. Collective disappearance' o. H7 [% e! z4 a* }+ U" F
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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( d' k& d" B0 r& }5 i% UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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- R4 P6 v0 `6 K3 `- Q & A& _* F4 m5 b/ a
Actions by Consumers
( x- T# C& T% n" O' H. z 71. Consumers’ boycott8 R" S5 F* s8 {+ j M) @& Y& p
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ D1 B: S) }3 b 73. Policy of austerity
# x `6 E6 S6 i; Q/ }; F' \, t 74. Rent withholding1 R" Z A: X' w) t5 Q
75. Refusal to rent
) P" m r1 G7 j1 ]% k$ t 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 ^5 i- ?' K4 G* n. _: ?1 E 77. International consumers’ boycott+ i) `: P+ N6 j. m; S7 ^
5 o1 ]# I8 W+ ]8 ~. |
Action by Workers and Producers
% P. n. L) d8 M: j& R' Y$ r 78. Workmen’s boycott, _* [ w$ V8 ?6 U/ `- D1 j# |$ e
79. Producers’ boycott7 k7 D1 T. K: y9 v# l
! d# b: E% F9 K9 g3 f! I4 K @7 l EAction by Middlemen4 U" b `0 O5 {0 A/ q( X" J
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 d7 q4 [+ E3 n ^/ S5 K5 `+ P- j% a
Action by Owners and Management
V l( z' W4 } 81. Traders’ boycott
% R5 \* J: c" ]. G' D( F [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property6 ]. P: g2 ?% }( l
83. Lockout
+ o! B A6 D# U8 W0 Z& Z* @ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 p0 ]6 _, `" s# b9 A* a 85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ g# Q) c+ }) q: }, B5 S2 Y0 p* y
/ A* s/ q* b7 o2 }/ a" p2 e- O d8 aAction by Holders of Financial Resources
) q; z- X' V+ R/ ] 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: d z# r+ d! P/ g8 d( l' z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* D3 f, N, J% i+ S6 R7 T 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 Z2 i3 N2 X; ?: @& \9 ^
89. Severance of funds and credit# Y: H- h, V% k
90. Revenue refusal
, w* K7 E" j* t4 f& q+ ^ 91. Refusal of a government’s money1 K0 |8 J- e' m6 N- |
% T+ q4 B' e z( c% [+ DAction by Governments, \2 ^( `) e( z% }+ x+ n2 Q6 L, z
92. Domestic embargo9 n! O8 O/ C# Y, z
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 l" I6 |. ?! @: U0 b$ z& F 94. International sellers’ embargo
! u9 ~4 }2 Y1 l. `/ b4 o$ H" C4 } 95. International buyers’ embargo6 f! J6 @5 x/ f! N1 r% B/ I# a1 \2 Z
96. International trade embargo
5 u$ d! F2 E( H6 h
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5 y+ c$ F% H: S1 V* |3 Q3 i% Z$ v' X; u8 Q. }( x
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 m: _1 p( k& ]* z) I
8 }5 \2 p9 _3 y$ V
2 K2 q+ p, O$ b' p4 m# F3 \6 ~2 [
Symbolic Strikes, j0 O+ Q0 F# }0 s$ M; p+ V# @ S
97. Protest strike0 j/ M. m/ i0 U! o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 \: {! S9 t+ u! o5 j, G
* |$ X0 s5 H7 \) M' }3 _5 VAgricultural Strikes
- p: c9 c& \5 N. ~2 o1 }5 W 99. Peasant strike
5 M. ~; O2 I+ k( D4 ] 100. Farm Workers’ strike* ^% P8 r' f+ O0 w! X
( h& a. h3 `+ F( CStrikes by Special Groups9 b9 z& L( m7 W9 o& |" I7 p5 \# n
101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 }" A2 [& M1 ^0 _6 z9 O i0 b 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 k4 G# i" O; k. j8 r4 ?" k 103. Craft strike
$ f0 E) |+ m+ }+ S: j 104. Professional strike* V4 ?% ]- u0 w6 x- i' \
# H' i5 C7 P2 @4 ~' c* G& m- N
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 K7 ]/ X( T) b% y 105. Establishment strike
3 v _6 l4 U( J- b0 p 106. Industry strike
5 f. e4 |9 R( L 107. Sympathetic strike9 m1 j7 ]5 u+ \
8 B q2 i6 F, J5 R2 ZRestricted Strikes
- M- z2 @. D" p1 J 108. Detailed strike, m' }' y1 b R1 u7 R
109. Bumper strike
1 G$ |& t8 ~! Y' f) L% P& @ 110. Slowdown strike
4 Z2 g7 A# T9 C: t9 `* @ 111. Working-to-rule strike
% u+ E& k Z7 T, `" } 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- x; g( O% e* j8 D+ y/ J 113. Strike by resignation1 y6 q' |" i/ I0 y
114. Limited strike
' W' C# F& I1 L# x7 o/ q, H 115. Selective strike
, m, K9 X. R" W* {$ D- ?8 N' }3 l, ^
+ P4 F$ l+ F5 f8 F* M3 s+ fMulti-Industry Strikes
& b8 T6 c$ M& V8 U
: M8 M& [5 h+ i B* [1 @ 116. Generalized strike: l6 A n) T \& a4 V( s' K9 I( D. D
) g0 E( b& Y1 d* m$ i l7 ]
117. General strike
( K, @8 k% u% o' i9 p8 G* E
! p$ N" [) d8 x2 D8 r! xCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 f5 `$ |/ h7 _6 {
" A& D" C7 c' @2 z+ o% R
118. Hartal
7 ^- ?$ b) @4 t) f9 d! G* k0 C6 A) g& b3 [# b/ B+ L# Y8 ^0 w
119. Economic shutdown
1 y# k1 n3 R! v' A q% q* Y* }6 O
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9 s, ^8 r9 a8 u( z0 ^# KTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ Z7 n! l0 ?- A4 {5 \
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5 J4 ^1 N5 \$ U: t5 lRejection of Authority
0 \' v* V% [# N; Z* V1 B: d 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 j l0 {0 j2 G, Y+ V9 M
121. Refusal of public support) w8 p& n* r! w& H5 o& R
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; @( T0 Q7 {8 Z. G- } Z* q
2 R4 i( B2 m2 B; e
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 U, Y0 k; {5 u! Y& j" u8 C9 n8 P" x 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* _4 N8 U& A/ G6 ? 124. Boycott of elections
. t2 g% C$ ^' j: H- e7 @ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 L7 y. l7 z) ]2 Q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 M1 L) G' m8 t% e# n5 j
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) b6 V7 v0 |' l- L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% K$ E1 } g& x6 _ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* d1 M0 D1 s1 y3 l/ k9 `1 N1 N
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* q* I" R: X3 V; G5 x4 r
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% `# c8 M. W1 ^: l. V- a 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
/ q2 O, h* { o6 u' p5 v6 z4 Z% j$ [. K0 k. H% i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 I6 z, {) a$ X2 I3 A 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. g w) t6 N, u1 P/ ] 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
z, J8 M8 ~/ t( ?& b; T 135. Popular nonobedience
8 U4 A4 K/ f6 z. D- B+ t- N, ] 136. Disguised disobedience
, f- w! i, N1 T. P0 {' P 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ C; P+ J) ~% v ~3 T: [
138. Sitdown& [$ w3 b7 D$ @
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation, B) I. R1 o( c. L* Y, \ o& L. H
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. [4 P7 a5 O9 G' |6 t& [0 m
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' [9 W$ [7 Z0 R" S5 n T
6 V+ i8 |. ]) B2 K+ z
Action by Government Personnel$ y; Q& C8 y4 H' c2 c* A
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 h/ Q7 m" {, Y9 ]6 F- n6 W
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 [% Z0 ~' M7 b+ ]. [0 c/ B 144. Stalling and obstruction3 x- E4 Z8 m9 ^0 G3 E3 k; r$ t
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 L4 P) O3 ?& H. {1 G; o3 e1 X- q4 L: U# N
146. Judicial noncooperation
9 a5 g5 c3 }# O3 P: T9 C- G 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 j+ ^& E! m+ {0 f6 \ 148. Mutiny
/ g3 ]1 S$ X; O% M* z) j; t( E6 \Domestic Governmental Action- f7 P7 E; t2 k, y5 M: t- r# p
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& U( f, F. [1 _9 |2 V
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 {: ?4 @# W- L/ ?# [6 g) O5 H
1 l E* h6 r ]9 Y
International Governmental Action6 [$ V% c/ k% O
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ [8 u- ~( @2 \5 z0 m
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 S( E7 R$ l( e/ `
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 ?- g% C# e( F' H9 J$ P
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ ]0 O( P/ X! p: h3 ^; f& Y7 N( P 155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 a' |, {7 s9 U) N
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 ~+ [% X, d) D @
157. Expulsion from international organizations& x5 E% N7 @: P7 h0 c+ `8 z
2 u5 s1 o% m; x1 } o
2 U: n1 i9 r9 ]! z
$ H2 W" J3 a3 _8 j
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* a, N+ e+ T2 R j, v
0 x7 C. |6 U( f8 D. T3 n0 K( _
3 H: s5 { {: zPsychological Intervention
' x, {/ s# U" s$ Z" U 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 w* n) c k. V4 U
159. The fast
8 ^. n* O$ z5 S$ _ a) Fast of moral pressure8 I" e! x/ e* |* R% {
b) Hunger strike% @8 [* \+ ?9 x( z1 ~
c) Satyagrahic fast: l- w- z( |) n) A! M
160. Reverse trial
6 c4 R1 x& f) J1 d7 { 161. Nonviolent harassment
8 o& w1 L& C- v D
1 Q% i/ _9 q8 w7 o5 |$ A" X( ?Physical Intervention
! s) R: l* T! e) D. T" ] 162. Sit-in
" _$ W* \$ o9 {% V+ J 163. Stand-in
7 ]. m7 e1 r6 G$ P) l. r+ h 164. Ride-in
# s7 ^8 n( O B- s! N C' R 165. Wade-in C) v$ N( E. e. \8 ]' O9 k+ D# A; g \
166. Mill-in0 U) z/ M/ P x+ ?0 B3 p' N3 H
167. Pray-in% }0 M' I- @9 f, p
168. Nonviolent raids
5 n5 [% K) F# S8 F$ z 169. Nonviolent air raids
( C( J% K) y ~" N* F: i 170. Nonviolent invasion8 {+ u# f: U( u$ K5 i
171. Nonviolent interjection9 A7 M. `6 u3 S) L3 `8 L0 @. Z
172. Nonviolent obstruction
: v4 p& g& Q3 Z) W+ e7 S& T) O 173. Nonviolent occupation3 A. G+ l( R) [6 y! f- A
! j& q( i# v# H, R# x; M' wSocial Intervention
, d1 m+ d! B, s. D1 a) k0 L1 X 174. Establishing new social patterns8 G) r4 G# x( ?9 {" g7 m) R# |
175. Overloading of facilities) h& C' o* d4 o/ {+ \5 S. w* w
176. Stall-in; z0 w! j9 |& J
177. Speak-in. d; k" l" ?+ K3 C# [* G+ c* b/ e2 P5 u
178. Guerrilla theater: I3 i4 ]9 `, u, l" q
179. Alternative social institutions3 x- _! k8 |; F, `* T3 y
180. Alternative communication system
: S* W. |9 _* H: [
% k, P- j# T9 eEconomic Intervention
. t' @8 H- t5 s1 ` 181. Reverse strike+ ^) {" E8 D& i& y
182. Stay-in strike
% `% g! n# s' M$ ~- K 183. Nonviolent land seizure
% O! e/ z* b* E8 y3 Y 184. Defiance of blockades s4 ~' t1 ?3 n, D9 R( ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 Z) x" Z a# R7 S! L 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 k9 Q5 O0 C; r* N: W0 T4 i 187. Seizure of assets8 S$ J4 ?% r m0 V1 @3 r- T2 _( ]8 G
188. Dumping
. K( N9 V- k+ H* z" ^! V# { 189. Selective patronage
8 p% e: f- g; u$ F6 { 190. Alternative markets/ D) n9 u# m6 t2 {. m
191. Alternative transportation systems
. H! h- ~! F" w$ N0 n( z4 v2 T 192. Alternative economic institutions$ I* V! N$ J* W& l u
' P: l2 x. `9 v1 ], G! V! _Political Intervention- B* `6 J: @( a# N
193. Overloading of administrative systems
- }5 v; ?% x8 m, s2 t6 W4 f 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* o/ |7 n. E: Y1 c0 t( v 195. Seeking imprisonment2 L# v3 i; Z* y2 e& E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' O: h9 q; `5 ^8 w! W m; ]1 H4 W8 k 197. Work-on without collaboration* g+ Z0 o) A! Q* C7 ~
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
