 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- o/ b7 `- `" `, }( d! {/ Y) z1 xFormal Statements
& `- m4 |$ q9 f+ U 1. Public Speeches
$ j; b; s5 G( U, q m 2. Letters of opposition or support& n8 g2 e! \6 ~: ~( H8 k# ?1 O# }
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ S9 f! S# i! n9 H6 O+ [9 @' [% A8 S
4. Signed public statements$ j# `8 S! j& Y y3 y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 T9 }! a3 u; q) \7 d c3 @- _ 6. Group or mass petitions
) d8 j: K. x( {) X2 T) _& `. K; S- F
Communications with a Wider Audience
4 ~# Z8 z4 _: \# H" h$ @! u7 O3 C* Y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 i: V- G: p& q& ^0 \
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' {( j+ S8 O2 K% Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# i. i% b' e& H" k+ {9 y 10. Newspapers and journals
& t5 T! J- P4 k8 O. I) v7 I J1 b 11. Records, radio, and television
$ g* E( i3 t( W( w4 d2 A/ i 12. Skywriting and earthwriting: f- e- ^% q! i0 g4 z
1 p2 R' V R8 r8 ~7 u1 C
Group Representations/ ~1 H( v2 k( g1 F% Q& z
13. Deputations
+ q& n! y: b0 | C 14. Mock awards
: \( `5 O: @0 C4 V7 J o* D 15. Group lobbying' U! w& T, W7 K% W- e5 g
16. Picketing* |5 }6 b- Y- x
17. Mock elections0 K7 K1 W0 U" }2 X# o ~7 e- ^
3 o) Q0 W6 x& @6 nSymbolic Public Acts9 t0 Z8 @9 L$ f9 }' S* b
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' ] _# H% Q* {5 ^+ x 19. Wearing of symbols
) i. R1 {' C* w 20. Prayer and worship4 P2 B' F: ]. o8 j( d9 S+ o
21. Delivering symbolic objects2 j8 ^; w4 m0 ?) q1 |' b
22. Protest disrobings
+ S1 E7 t( ~, W 23. Destruction of own property& G; p7 a9 k" A5 G
24. Symbolic lights
6 Z* S2 i! [: y# N; D 25. Displays of portraits$ \4 N- J( r! t
26. Paint as protest
( [0 M' E% m6 d2 D# j" y$ O 27. New signs and names6 W+ o P5 B$ w9 }! Y/ N4 I+ D
28. Symbolic sounds; J: S: q6 t; R9 H! ~5 [6 I+ E; c
29. Symbolic reclamations! ]4 z) m* D1 _6 ~
30. Rude gestures
. w" {* I3 h+ v
8 [6 o& _, K% H8 ?, JPressures on Individuals3 \6 e8 a6 g. u( G: ?3 B
31. “Haunting” officials7 z& T. H( |) k: L6 N6 s
32. Taunting officials; M" d7 l- ?. m' A- K0 `
33. Fraternization- i+ X( G& _" P% O! U+ A5 l
34. Vigils/ D" E2 X$ @) r2 P' l' B
5 o( k. ] x" j$ ^! r
Drama and Music) P% Q+ c: Z* n( e
35. Humorous skits and pranks0 B0 V4 N, ]! }% [0 \& [7 Z& X8 s/ W
36. Performances of plays and music! n& k7 Z u1 N) B
37. Singing
. x- f( A* S4 W: L: a) ~9 T
4 ?/ O7 s- j0 d3 V% }0 l# }; [1 }Processions" a& T9 x% Z' c( C
38. Marches
/ }6 i0 J* g2 d& A7 J! Z 39. Parades8 b! G6 z7 g" l' [4 n7 ^9 O9 r
40. Religious processions
9 p& s/ j; d0 m: m 41. Pilgrimages
# X, r4 Z. P. Z9 g1 B9 y! e2 F4 L 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
3 [6 I3 @8 H, g- a: ^# a! @ 43. Political mourning
1 h) I' }3 Z+ L) V4 Q 44. Mock funerals
X) _) d/ Z8 b4 M$ P7 p 45. Demonstrative funerals
8 R; b# ^) Z% _' x ` 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies& i& W% Z+ ?1 h$ T$ P/ A5 h
47. Assemblies of protest or support- ]9 t( P; \9 b/ q, y" ]
48. Protest meetings
; |" G$ i" n. H4 w3 E 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 \ H; y0 }7 U% \4 E+ l* q
50. Teach-ins; \1 [) D* I: o0 J
( J+ T3 K, Q WWithdrawal and Renunciation" m" L# @$ L! _
51. Walk-outs. Q7 i0 _4 X; `& i6 P9 `% P+ k
52. Silence
& i) c, R1 I4 N% L 53. Renouncing honors
' C6 l3 ]. M6 K8 O: y, \ 54. Turning one’s back
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x9 u' _; e& Z* b( X7 {" y( k
9 W7 h7 _; J& T
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' p( G) d r: x. e
6 U8 D) L1 {) ?' Y) u! N
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Ostracism of Persons) @0 Z) x; `+ j5 Y0 s9 K
55. Social boycott) u8 [( |1 ?8 J+ M2 Z8 j: G
56. Selective social boycott
% W' o% y1 Z: X+ G/ ]2 }5 A 57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 U! W, g8 h" A# i- u( z 58. Excommunication
$ ~7 q) [, | S) a, t4 g7 z3 J 59. Interdict
5 N% d8 E4 `& Q+ g) n' w# }* R- e* y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 w1 l* N, o3 U K3 J( P; n 60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 v% W3 N* {0 x P1 w' z
61. Boycott of social affairs. K+ C0 G+ V0 U* M6 g% L8 r. j: e7 D, T
62. Student strike
- j% G# d/ A% C" u 63. Social disobedience
D0 D) Q8 ^" u; J0 p0 z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ |4 d _$ i7 r. z8 I M, y
& ~% S0 T% L+ W3 V
Withdrawal from the Social System) T1 e* m1 I3 f) e8 E- v
65. Stay-at-home8 K+ u) X, Z/ U4 ]; J8 T3 M1 N& ?
66. Total personal noncooperation8 X, o {$ ~' p& }3 `* z7 N
67. “Flight” of workers
& R$ s9 r7 G$ u+ `, Z2 H 68. Sanctuary( G7 M, w' V1 @- }: x" h6 R! t
69. Collective disappearance
( ~: I, w2 @) P& |9 `$ `& H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat), T* V+ R% k& |; z. s8 ~
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! w. `$ ^) `% f1 `- uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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# N1 ?0 o. U1 [: z: S6 J; uActions by Consumers
" o- B- Z' F) E4 j4 Z/ t 71. Consumers’ boycott" ]8 v$ ?5 |" e& H4 ?" W/ ^
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 a: y% W$ R6 o$ E
73. Policy of austerity
8 B- C7 c8 n" G: Z$ k1 N- m; ` 74. Rent withholding
4 o* B, b+ x; {8 X: p F* A 75. Refusal to rent' P! q T9 f$ a: ]
76. National consumers’ boycott" S4 j# X+ {( Z# y' P0 k$ T3 k
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 }! h6 ~! L5 j0 ^5 }
' D& {) P& C& t. B7 U: C+ k" f: mAction by Workers and Producers. u% `4 n1 ]. Z `
78. Workmen’s boycott
) y. g7 |2 w( |4 A! Z- G# Y1 w 79. Producers’ boycott4 P/ {8 X1 B" E& y" o( D
( U( ^) p6 W T. y; V, @Action by Middlemen/ t5 ]3 g( D V0 Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' C5 @, b2 i% b0 ]0 L: i- S
1 H" _+ Y3 w, j8 s" \Action by Owners and Management
2 ^. a/ u8 x/ g0 f# n& ?& W6 i" _ 81. Traders’ boycott( c D$ W6 ?( U: b) c
82. Refusal to let or sell property! `, A" }# w3 k/ A5 p1 C& p4 ]
83. Lockout
+ l( a) t" P# W: S: H* n' c: Z 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; E! m9 ?4 R- @! r8 M( c, q/ l# b
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 o- k( t2 i4 @- g* z4 |2 B- d, N" w6 J0 f$ ?0 }
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
8 }; u, P( @: b- \! I 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: g( N7 C5 `1 M/ e% Y# `+ e
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
w9 ]2 f+ j: y3 W, c0 a 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 k+ W2 z) H* a4 Z7 l
89. Severance of funds and credit3 |. @- \( {) _! k8 S
90. Revenue refusal$ v- S" U+ x9 e! N/ s
91. Refusal of a government’s money
/ H. y: F' q2 V$ y) {
3 z* ], [" H& A6 q6 D. u, [/ bAction by Governments
( P$ n9 t1 Y2 c7 f9 V+ h 92. Domestic embargo4 Z' \0 s7 V7 R
93. Blacklisting of traders: v% _% |$ ^; ^* U8 C
94. International sellers’ embargo* p1 P1 S& y6 T$ k* v
95. International buyers’ embargo7 z0 i& q9 `; d3 z- L8 x6 l- T) o+ A/ f
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; s+ y7 \/ Z' |4 W% ^& c- c+ r
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Symbolic Strikes
+ K' z5 ]& b, J. e8 S; p 97. Protest strike
% r0 z! o. k( d& Y! n 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# N& z' d& @1 t+ y
8 J4 [$ [& F7 I% g, T
Agricultural Strikes* ^& U* V1 f* ~1 J- A( J! ]: a
99. Peasant strike
3 I; W) H% K+ }' J: X' g 100. Farm Workers’ strike
) F" |) ]0 g X! w; p' d4 S$ K9 ^% E, r5 f
Strikes by Special Groups y; N' L9 |/ Z
101. Refusal of impressed labor2 a8 A/ j* l4 |* j" v: m7 v9 D
102. Prisoners’ strike
) H* R, M- Q' k/ q4 e# W- }! X 103. Craft strike
" W2 V; R p, u# s- N 104. Professional strike) O* `4 {0 T% @- T# Y4 w2 Q
" }# c1 \ Q8 Q% u" A+ h5 G
Ordinary Industrial Strikes' V" S5 e. N2 v& a* m" L! c* G% \
105. Establishment strike* h: r) R; c; K3 E* u* ?; M- \# T
106. Industry strike& A: h) y8 H/ ^7 P h; H! c
107. Sympathetic strike v" b, X! [8 B1 X" @5 E# g
, u% S5 h9 W9 y, |
Restricted Strikes" x! p, y( ^9 W( ^$ x! o& p" q
108. Detailed strike* F4 z7 z& _' p
109. Bumper strike
/ B+ N4 X8 S" v% ] 110. Slowdown strike
! ~8 X% j9 v5 Y0 z 111. Working-to-rule strike, x( v ] i" d, n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& } h* o; B. `$ }0 g
113. Strike by resignation
& \, Z7 ?# W: i! `% c 114. Limited strike3 v: b% x( N# |1 b) v
115. Selective strike8 M8 o4 Q, O7 Z7 \0 T. y* `
8 m& J/ M! }, n; jMulti-Industry Strikes! @9 {* {. ]' T# b/ G7 y
% X4 {; b, B+ W. Q& N _% J
116. Generalized strike# u s$ N2 u5 ~& X: w
B- ?) a5 [) u' s$ _6 ?! X 117. General strike
) l3 l# o+ X+ T
# `1 _; S" i% H" h8 i {. ?Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 a' r9 N9 j( C
) \3 l" l( s% e4 L+ T 118. Hartal5 F# k( B4 y3 @6 E4 i
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119. Economic shutdown
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& o3 D$ U( H3 S+ zTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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" \" w* ]: R: S) i& E4 wRejection of Authority" q! _" ?1 e( R8 i; A) ^: K
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& p9 `3 q8 y; c( I( I! q 121. Refusal of public support+ e, _ `. I# P
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 M+ l% @- ?" x0 N- m4 G
5 C% \6 Q+ e* R* s8 ?7 z( mCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government' C6 P1 V, }5 P9 S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies- m$ N. F! X# `" t; p6 \8 |
124. Boycott of elections4 D. N Y5 X \& t" T7 f- L
125. Boycott of government employment and positions; i& w7 N1 O- Z( d# R# w% l+ m
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) L4 v: o* n$ B3 B
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 e% \0 i% \* }3 W7 v 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ M. U. F6 t7 `# Y: X$ T. Y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: H8 Z2 A1 b7 a: F2 W 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. N6 t% o* B8 G' j/ l8 k 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 E# H2 b& ^! N% B4 @/ ^/ }8 |
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, c0 p( o7 X0 z% H, P
5 G- x7 a; d( A9 aCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ {3 U2 k/ {0 Y& g
133. Reluctant and slow compliance) w; }8 E& I9 M6 |
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 p, j$ V( {1 o& H; m4 s7 x
135. Popular nonobedience9 Y0 z) V7 u: C b
136. Disguised disobedience
+ p( A' J9 }! K5 N 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 f% X' Z- k9 F4 g
138. Sitdown
8 G( ?. s6 _ {0 v- [2 ^( {) o+ L 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) Y2 i8 ^9 e8 N1 H* \ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% ]# v& \/ E5 X% A9 E
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws/ y) I8 A4 y) X
/ N5 |; P+ Y: ]. |
Action by Government Personnel
: b0 e- R# N1 |1 a/ ` 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ g* v+ r1 o! e9 Y+ ?$ ` 143. Blocking of lines of command and information. f l" L" {( t
144. Stalling and obstruction* [* T f9 a' y0 O* _4 f0 |
145. General administrative noncooperation
& P; F: t: J+ _9 n6 f: a6 A/ G J
146. Judicial noncooperation: g+ ?" b7 d7 v0 h
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ [6 F5 M; g% R, d8 y+ l! c8 G. M 148. Mutiny4 F) _* K& S y0 z6 B
Domestic Governmental Action J' a) y1 b0 s; S
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. e7 |& o: [- ~9 n- G5 a" h
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 K# q+ {9 {9 }2 j: e! W* Q) u; Z
9 v# A+ u" l6 Y! U; mInternational Governmental Action
# X% p7 ~. n* h 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 c2 |- c5 X# ?3 Q4 a9 V! D6 e B! t
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* o# H" `6 v5 q6 h4 x
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: O/ C& f g$ @2 @9 e6 b 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 o4 O5 t+ ^$ e- N# d3 q8 Q9 i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% a0 V8 W" x6 \& H1 y7 V6 Q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ ~1 o$ x) ^! f: W& C) G; B8 A/ w# ?
157. Expulsion from international organizations
4 w) j- K* O \% B3 j: e6 ]: i6 T! N- ~6 v. S) |2 b$ N
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: F) a! k; ?, N" p+ w: q# B
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6 G9 I6 ?% g$ w/ B. [3 pPsychological Intervention T1 q' {" h! J
158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 a, `# O4 V6 F% U) N4 _6 d 159. The fast: ?1 i( R( E7 l# H5 U
a) Fast of moral pressure' d! m5 M& R, I3 [6 o: x2 W
b) Hunger strike
0 t6 [3 J, A k) I c) Satyagrahic fast
5 x' f: C2 `9 X 160. Reverse trial
% K1 M. Y( H+ j w 161. Nonviolent harassment9 e* i# {, h: J* }" |1 E7 c/ u
( V5 K4 G. ^" {% `1 b/ u- _; w
Physical Intervention
2 j# W$ J) B- X 162. Sit-in
, z7 b) }; ]. }* j5 F$ v 163. Stand-in( x1 s& k, y+ K! @% A
164. Ride-in! j4 z9 `* N8 t
165. Wade-in
) n) j$ i P8 c- ~6 z 166. Mill-in
* x3 k- M% d+ v: t& R7 [3 p 167. Pray-in
2 h( n# o2 B0 N5 Q" A9 b 168. Nonviolent raids( ?$ l+ |7 T. L+ a
169. Nonviolent air raids
7 a% g4 h& @; n0 s3 ~ 170. Nonviolent invasion
8 Y8 F! F" ]" P# l }" k7 k5 w 171. Nonviolent interjection
, c8 H) v1 ]& ?8 g/ H 172. Nonviolent obstruction% d; }3 z1 G$ e
173. Nonviolent occupation
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5 p' a, v7 @7 a7 g, wSocial Intervention
% @9 C$ O7 X/ G2 p3 h: C 174. Establishing new social patterns3 u8 N. F9 Y( b2 {; j
175. Overloading of facilities% L" f% p0 a! c( J% f
176. Stall-in+ Z2 D5 o* F! V# I
177. Speak-in
8 C/ A* c- M: q B* x 178. Guerrilla theater7 g: ^% r% Y" | f0 i' _) f4 m
179. Alternative social institutions. H% O7 \/ v( |, b4 A4 F7 I
180. Alternative communication system
9 U4 I/ e( @9 ]- K) F# f4 C' w! F& V! }, v: P: j
Economic Intervention3 d3 G2 Y4 o9 a" U* F
181. Reverse strike( g1 M* b1 }8 M% A- a
182. Stay-in strike
: z0 h2 n. G- A3 T/ v2 l 183. Nonviolent land seizure
& t5 W! m" g+ ?/ M* X' c- \ 184. Defiance of blockades
8 G& X2 n2 N) l 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 e& z' u8 y4 ~6 ]1 M5 {8 _5 x* z 186. Preclusive purchasing4 x" _4 x: x2 \9 k% a- v% t: `
187. Seizure of assets: h% v. m! U0 }* A. {: d7 e9 W
188. Dumping4 \7 f7 h1 P5 H, K+ e* ~
189. Selective patronage9 [( ~, i# w5 ^2 {2 C7 c
190. Alternative markets
0 `7 }) ?% O9 F* p" G A3 N 191. Alternative transportation systems+ {, Y3 D" p/ K6 F
192. Alternative economic institutions
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' N& V5 X, K7 Y0 P4 W Y7 I4 WPolitical Intervention
6 I) `& ?; m6 W" \6 t( P5 m 193. Overloading of administrative systems; Y9 u$ \* \, {; @
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 R5 j* p& e8 t% L0 M9 w% q
195. Seeking imprisonment5 s6 V! A+ m7 C5 i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
/ N1 ?+ q9 J; k1 X4 I; a 197. Work-on without collaboration
- D4 M D6 k1 p 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
