 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* n& k* H) X5 s0 W& u1 g2 ]" W
Formal Statements) J$ Q% c4 Q& ^% U& E% W$ Y
1. Public Speeches
O% U" b5 R! Q" ^$ \( N: u 2. Letters of opposition or support" [5 c+ I, q2 E7 `, d
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! g! T6 c4 ?4 }4 W! g- Y/ ?$ N 4. Signed public statements# Y1 \' _& r; y. D* e
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 d, a. Z) T5 T# G; I; i 6. Group or mass petitions8 C$ F3 X- L7 d1 V6 C
" n$ j! z$ {9 k) G& d. \# x
Communications with a Wider Audience
8 g- ^8 B4 C5 \; I- U6 {+ R( q$ p 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* W8 ^. R/ S0 \! @# x" | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 L, M& N& W. ~) y5 ^; B 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# [$ X* K0 R3 l# o7 {, |* [9 M
10. Newspapers and journals' c& r0 a) ?- ~& c" ^5 S
11. Records, radio, and television* x0 H( l+ O0 L% e) ~
12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ Z- ]6 Z/ s7 l2 C
, n% P& g8 n% K3 j2 B" P( Y
Group Representations
% k/ g3 f& y, f$ M 13. Deputations) t7 P) X3 O% j [& Z
14. Mock awards
- p. x) p6 k) _ 15. Group lobbying
8 H2 q' X" U- Y) X 16. Picketing; ^# ^9 ^; e$ H- V7 [% T4 p% ^' e- b
17. Mock elections" X y' c) D& U" H* `7 D. G
8 D+ X7 k$ Q6 `: Q7 `# y2 g1 K! K7 }. {Symbolic Public Acts
) j' E( b0 d: ~ }! `! n' H 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 a. Q0 L$ y0 u! Q 19. Wearing of symbols* L# t, \: `0 ]: Z, O
20. Prayer and worship
- ]9 z" C4 ~: M 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 `: Y/ V3 M* p) e* s& ^8 o) u2 M 22. Protest disrobings
& Q ^2 E, u7 P3 F, z% X 23. Destruction of own property
. V( F4 }; A6 |9 R0 @8 B( T% N 24. Symbolic lights3 S& J* |( e) H; D- s- I; \! s
25. Displays of portraits
% n& V+ R1 _5 j! p 26. Paint as protest5 [0 m; E! ^# T0 b; c4 l& b& X
27. New signs and names3 ~; u U1 J8 s9 ^3 x
28. Symbolic sounds
" E9 m b7 G( e6 P 29. Symbolic reclamations
" h$ P+ B4 q: n) o 30. Rude gestures- }- c9 j" H) c2 ~& x6 |
" l0 l' v- ~1 S0 i* `
Pressures on Individuals
1 W6 M* B" S9 S$ V 31. “Haunting” officials
+ N$ P6 \& h1 M# s h 32. Taunting officials! {* D* i. U% S D) K( |8 W. ?
33. Fraternization& B T# N2 X$ {4 J. A, ^3 j& _2 ?
34. Vigils% D1 W4 m. z1 T1 S# }& \0 `' r. ~& d: t7 z
4 ~; ]$ e5 ?0 \0 L8 n- F; d
Drama and Music; {% h2 a6 C/ q
35. Humorous skits and pranks
! O+ D. x7 I' i' r1 z+ e 36. Performances of plays and music k5 p! U3 ~/ z1 n
37. Singing1 K' T$ s" Y8 ^& M) x6 b
- n& d) N+ z% J9 C9 Z w$ X" X: uProcessions& ~! Q3 q1 ?4 H7 [2 b% u
38. Marches5 {: S. R D4 ~
39. Parades
: S: V q |( T) j! x% T) `! P ? 40. Religious processions
( V+ a, P3 c: S& }! ~3 v0 J 41. Pilgrimages
9 y0 {: U4 x+ |0 b% ~ l. V4 r- H- { 42. Motorcades
- P+ [6 v, M4 z3 \2 m6 {5 n
6 Z! @, |. R( k0 IHonoring the Dead
+ q9 T8 x+ h2 s/ l6 z) k 43. Political mourning' ~: A, G' K- P& U" A
44. Mock funerals
5 n& \. i( Z5 r( e p/ Y 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 W$ F; b" e. }- o 46. Homage at burial places
7 d& B* A* X6 L8 j5 j; K. N9 N( Y3 u+ J8 U
Public Assemblies
- |1 ^( G% B# Y' g7 x+ p 47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ ]! B5 F! r9 } L C, { 48. Protest meetings6 O+ J B+ b4 C$ q$ ~
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 ~' R" j) j* h+ T$ b
50. Teach-ins
! T: x7 O* |7 W. R( I1 q. Y" G( Y* u+ l' h
Withdrawal and Renunciation# e0 m- r; |* l7 @* d& _
51. Walk-outs$ p' ?" _, i* U
52. Silence5 l* l1 Q. @1 e/ k( n
53. Renouncing honors
6 v+ Q0 L. B; j+ J 54. Turning one’s back
* B( l+ ?" l! g* l, G& l: Q3 d) p' w) x/ b2 i
+ h# z) l9 }' a7 L
3 H# P0 o+ m! U% S( d' i/ T' z, C8 fTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- \/ B$ q3 g8 F0 c4 \% e9 N
- L% a- e( e( c" u- c+ q' ] $ `; c9 r4 _4 ^8 d, u* X: V8 O# }
Z( O+ v L" C; H& VOstracism of Persons( K* I2 L: O+ {
55. Social boycott
1 o+ K: x( C, L$ ]! i! {" N" s 56. Selective social boycott2 \/ U/ S: Y! h; r* u5 k- {8 i1 w) n7 s
57. Lysistratic nonaction% c* F u4 l' ]; w! f/ L
58. Excommunication6 r. X) T. M, j5 o
59. Interdict
6 m8 w, i4 V m: \5 F
0 M- f; H* T2 q$ |# t" DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; A' T$ p5 r1 r. P+ h& b7 a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 O" q- | J7 S 61. Boycott of social affairs
. a: N, f3 s6 L/ a- w 62. Student strike8 B9 a+ g8 ~2 v5 ^+ E# [6 [
63. Social disobedience
8 E6 T# g* x' n4 Y7 T5 J, ] 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- e5 D5 j; d9 p/ O% l+ T# X8 k' c ~+ | {8 t6 r
Withdrawal from the Social System
% y/ S4 T9 F6 {- @+ u+ I 65. Stay-at-home
7 P, b# G& f: s* |1 g/ V4 j, y9 o- ^ 66. Total personal noncooperation# c4 l ~+ F2 H
67. “Flight” of workers B2 g3 ?2 Q( y& S# O: F$ u
68. Sanctuary
. h( a2 S5 @5 h; k) v 69. Collective disappearance
( k1 w% G7 p; Z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- A: Q/ B* K! W- \% \# R) R
) G) y" {" N# @$ @ 0 j7 U+ ~& r+ o2 |! J- G6 e4 q
4 {3 s! |( o9 r8 xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
7 @* R4 z% b" m
4 h1 R* n, G, s! a1 O* ~/ P9 e # D# K! k3 L# L! C( ~. C
Actions by Consumers' }- _& L) L; m" \1 |
71. Consumers’ boycott$ g+ K! X6 [$ y. ]( N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods* }* E& U6 _* ^( ^. _
73. Policy of austerity7 M5 h& ~' u/ k+ _# s3 J8 M
74. Rent withholding
8 a1 T& d* E% q& e* ? 75. Refusal to rent
# r4 P' g+ T$ C, T* i 76. National consumers’ boycott
) V! J( n% W( d/ e9 J* { 77. International consumers’ boycott
% C3 b- Q9 H2 G9 c& V* w$ ~1 V% m3 A1 U& I" G
Action by Workers and Producers1 E: t4 y! `- @# B c& C9 h+ J$ {$ O0 c
78. Workmen’s boycott1 D C5 [# q( d7 j
79. Producers’ boycott* a; ~( U: F1 T" r& Z% _
( L" P* |, p EAction by Middlemen1 W) l( P: O; @" }
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 `) M7 \3 m, I2 z1 q9 R
( y2 w+ l. T% Q: B* Y- g2 F/ NAction by Owners and Management k" J, I {" L( G6 \+ m
81. Traders’ boycott
9 ~, U0 l; ^* x+ J+ w/ z 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" d. e: z# c7 h' R. c9 F 83. Lockout& m& R7 m5 a1 y2 F* M$ Y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; c& e- D0 @4 m" h. n 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- v9 P) D8 N5 ^; _
. ~0 _, k4 D8 H. F3 ?% VAction by Holders of Financial Resources8 h) z6 R; P$ M0 A5 C _% |* p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! H' m) r8 O# L
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- n' K9 E$ U. U& O
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
l0 l. {5 z h$ [& c9 P& B+ ~ 89. Severance of funds and credit
3 R( W' X5 i3 P! Q$ Y 90. Revenue refusal) L0 Z! H1 |) H' G3 S
91. Refusal of a government’s money) ^, L0 d/ F2 r9 M. r! D$ ?
: p; d4 F0 {1 {; L% dAction by Governments2 d+ i4 y* Y" D4 v( x: d' Y
92. Domestic embargo
. g9 i: P: W, n+ [* W# M4 W0 v& W 93. Blacklisting of traders, \7 c* ]7 r: ^' k
94. International sellers’ embargo# m# w1 ^3 |: U* l
95. International buyers’ embargo+ @+ b1 I* L- W3 o8 I" ~/ ?. e
96. International trade embargo3 b! P, w" O& v# T4 ~3 Q4 {5 k
' ^' c+ z5 C# O A' }
3 w3 J4 T l U! _6 _# G4 o" O4 Y7 c: {! Z3 t8 `
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 h+ f% T- Y/ C1 u% b) A
4 b \& Z& E1 N5 A. |, ]4 l; T
. y' g+ `2 d/ K" X1 @! V
Symbolic Strikes3 W8 Y2 A5 Y' G5 q: G; R+ c
97. Protest strike
, ], s1 D K( i m$ V 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, b! U1 @, L5 L$ Y! h. K9 J; u8 f7 ]/ Q. r0 \+ F9 ]/ P2 j
Agricultural Strikes3 f+ R9 p0 v6 a& h2 }
99. Peasant strike
- i$ y5 @' p$ B% Z7 g1 z! F 100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 K" l: w+ A w2 @1 e( y v
7 U6 `, g7 }# n$ j0 J+ }4 B1 dStrikes by Special Groups
& R H# D. D* q* \) a& C 101. Refusal of impressed labor
; K# |2 y' P* R% p2 @ 102. Prisoners’ strike
2 u4 Y* v- j. O' k8 M D5 d 103. Craft strike9 h1 W" r6 w: }# _! n# H6 Z
104. Professional strike, [" H. s7 {5 u* _5 I; R& {( I L
$ I3 G+ I" F0 C- J) r
Ordinary Industrial Strikes: W+ S% V5 L0 R; j1 `" Z
105. Establishment strike
1 ]6 Y% `3 ?. M% p7 `) H4 M% ^ 106. Industry strike" _+ { t8 {) p
107. Sympathetic strike) C9 l A& g: Z1 Y2 ]
7 K2 g0 z( G( R9 @& w8 B2 d
Restricted Strikes3 w7 b+ ?, ~% W- }, V0 H
108. Detailed strike
) {3 _- E6 ~$ E2 p 109. Bumper strike- ?$ I7 y- K# R; y
110. Slowdown strike- U' w8 W. B5 [% L7 T
111. Working-to-rule strike# C- A5 G+ X* |
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 g8 o! H9 Z: u/ w% ?9 N7 ^ 113. Strike by resignation
: }: I& c! H+ E 114. Limited strike
* }( ^* I( @2 I* Y5 v0 ~ 115. Selective strike1 }; A2 u- _: g3 U0 o
) j _! V' m; N; v1 l9 K7 u* |Multi-Industry Strikes
! H) Q8 r( Z# C$ w0 [9 |" B* R9 [# F; w% Z
116. Generalized strike
* u" b& c+ j9 ?2 t v* w1 C
x6 P4 B$ E0 o+ N0 @" B5 p 117. General strike
r+ @! s, Z: P: l) ?# i' d# G( W
1 U) M. q" u9 @1 e: e3 {. JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures; o7 N7 U+ U/ E
2 T4 `9 o U/ C8 A5 T 118. Hartal
& }6 V1 G! a i" c2 N: i6 h) r- u" {( y. d# \
119. Economic shutdown+ ~5 y @8 g5 \5 ]2 j! L* R' K$ ^
# `9 S# [+ j# }) d9 q7 y7 A4 ^
+ Z" ] ^) s* Q% o0 s
+ D$ z, |) \4 p; h) o1 \) l
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
6 {. y/ _4 G- P* `3 g" h7 E% T3 o
9 D1 V4 t/ y/ U7 _
Rejection of Authority
& Q& |8 s9 x+ H3 G 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 A6 ^" v/ d9 ?) x; R7 {2 | 121. Refusal of public support" m! P, O5 Z g% U3 A4 m# J8 h
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" b" V& {+ w! w5 ^ |0 h
C4 X% k- G) m' k0 MCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% B8 s/ W$ [6 M0 |$ r) t 123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ v p! ?" K7 e4 O* G1 i
124. Boycott of elections
) S j3 j5 r6 X8 P! i; O8 ^) I& { 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 H: M ?8 T0 L, D* Z* M" A
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies ]3 D# b* X+ e# |# y% t* g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ Q9 V8 _! B% Z9 d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 v$ G, n5 n* O( _3 c; e5 U
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' h, ]% B- H/ Q, `+ a( T 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! j% J) a% M0 Q4 X: Y9 C8 d
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, b3 s& D. M4 j( a4 t0 c1 ] r 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# y7 {& z- t6 D- o9 |
9 ^, W/ n5 g e# E
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, @# k0 d+ g7 J: N
133. Reluctant and slow compliance- f# ]5 K+ E+ U: ~
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 O8 @4 W7 g p# m7 a1 E 135. Popular nonobedience/ Y' P& g5 o/ J+ n- [ ?. y
136. Disguised disobedience# y. N& d! {" _' v) [
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ s' l- L, P9 [3 S5 A, I/ V
138. Sitdown
1 {: O+ B$ P" I; ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ ?, w# c( J1 l& }* T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* J0 ~$ x- E1 A4 A9 @
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ |, m7 j5 l! a: x$ ?+ A% A c6 Q' Q2 Y9 l
Action by Government Personnel. F. p3 B8 K2 _$ I: Q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! ^0 k' A4 Y# z3 Q$ Z# R' x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; Z( f1 a* { I 144. Stalling and obstruction
8 w: @0 }6 ~, a) i) y3 B 145. General administrative noncooperation/ R0 H$ A3 ~ v2 x) A. _5 f
5 Y6 `7 P# |5 L 146. Judicial noncooperation+ Q3 k) |! j! M$ Z) Y. F
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. H X* b4 v1 Y5 `6 a; Y
148. Mutiny4 k# R; b6 K0 p2 r/ ^" {0 r: f
Domestic Governmental Action
0 Q" Q6 @3 k- G; l& J) V4 ~ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 o+ h! v0 [% q) h% `$ B
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
l- \" G, z, w8 Q9 T4 m$ |0 O$ _; r" N. x) [
International Governmental Action6 f5 p2 A6 o4 v3 A4 f" L: @5 d( U
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ n: R p" o" E. H
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 v5 T. M# Y7 C- E u. Y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! `+ F0 T; b* i3 m0 A
154. Severance of diplomatic relations# B) m; b0 ]; C. ]1 }0 a
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ S) z0 _' ^1 C- l$ ?1 s 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# o) ]) u1 R4 z: |
157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 e F7 e/ e) y5 e* l0 f0 a- D/ e+ `3 F2 ^8 a) F; G
& R" m$ c Z" E# G1 R! s* u; ]3 z1 R
1 z6 S3 [7 N T( _THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& u( u! a1 i I3 n- J
( I9 f1 P( k6 W) J1 M) [* Z( _* _4 B
# i6 }1 }. {# t! O% G9 ?' y* {Psychological Intervention
8 S! O/ E% A- l/ Q2 c F 158. Self-exposure to the elements8 f7 H, h$ ^' [/ f" f
159. The fast1 q( u8 q# d8 [6 ~ `" {
a) Fast of moral pressure
6 S( O! S* U6 A: ]- A b) Hunger strike: O) y! A1 |5 ?$ u1 F" m- A; d
c) Satyagrahic fast& R. C( Q& Z+ S7 z9 P! U# S8 d
160. Reverse trial& v U. R2 l- f% v& B. i7 t
161. Nonviolent harassment* t6 V" v* j* c& d& s$ F( U
+ @7 {0 w$ b! R. d% W
Physical Intervention& w- B3 ?$ e! a# \
162. Sit-in
; v4 Z) z1 Z; L+ T3 ` 163. Stand-in: A9 N7 O6 ^3 X. q& B% Y; K2 f
164. Ride-in) v: p1 S& F$ n9 A6 _( S$ F
165. Wade-in! S' g+ u! \1 Z X
166. Mill-in% y# O3 s/ E1 y6 ], U
167. Pray-in
% p1 d0 P- W: i6 c; G5 V. Z 168. Nonviolent raids0 W) w' e, F0 C. u1 s6 G) ]
169. Nonviolent air raids+ E) A$ m+ `8 j/ |: h3 `7 m
170. Nonviolent invasion
" h7 V& O2 X1 Y/ q. G- w" `- i 171. Nonviolent interjection+ z. E# f& v5 E% S, c e% s
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 ^) I7 P- \- Q
173. Nonviolent occupation
! M% F6 s! u! {$ m
: O. G0 ~# y% Z& ~) K2 ]2 t$ B: C: y, H& qSocial Intervention
1 c. [' D$ ~/ e4 |0 ?! P 174. Establishing new social patterns M" X4 P, S9 P- `# g& Q
175. Overloading of facilities
" s6 E& S: M* Q+ L 176. Stall-in* O0 U6 x) N5 L) C$ n0 x
177. Speak-in8 o2 ]7 M c' D" p I! d
178. Guerrilla theater7 S* Z) E! y S$ I0 D/ Q6 V
179. Alternative social institutions7 K v% u: i' K& n, t; p0 ~# ~ Y
180. Alternative communication system7 X3 q2 C, \7 i" A0 J+ M- B% l
, i6 t* s$ N1 a2 m' Z5 W- ?
Economic Intervention# d6 ]- c7 P; _7 c6 b% D6 l4 g
181. Reverse strike2 j* s% l% |9 Q2 f; m
182. Stay-in strike( G3 S9 X% c2 d2 j! ~$ c6 c8 M
183. Nonviolent land seizure! d# Y4 F. s5 ?' A
184. Defiance of blockades
3 j+ m$ ^! S2 a5 |9 P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 c" F" I; x6 V/ i! c0 j 186. Preclusive purchasing
# b3 F R) v; w0 }( L0 a 187. Seizure of assets
+ p" t; d l5 V5 n' m# M6 f; ? 188. Dumping* C3 V; s, `0 D4 M* t
189. Selective patronage
}! O6 H9 q, D3 `- v+ L 190. Alternative markets
$ J- R6 Q; t1 }0 q 191. Alternative transportation systems. o! x# T8 V; {' N5 E' F$ A
192. Alternative economic institutions
; }( K. [* r$ l5 X: \; ~2 n4 _' L$ d" e* n& S1 p$ D, t
Political Intervention. g* q% @; w1 \ }# B5 E1 s2 O
193. Overloading of administrative systems& @% b& M! W9 E# g) Y6 q4 ?( y6 \! m2 T$ D
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, E! M6 f2 r% h3 z, f% [; M/ S
195. Seeking imprisonment
; f& Z" d2 w& h. r: R9 d. G; Q* g' v$ W 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# B# @: T7 Q' Q7 Z2 [/ f 197. Work-on without collaboration
# ?6 M; U+ ~1 m, P/ ?& } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ ?$ S- d1 x( z k8 K+ E
. r% c9 w% L* k f( ]+ @' ^ |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
