 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 A" ?8 v& e8 G! T7 j5 p; \Formal Statements3 T8 E. j: d, I4 y5 V6 J
1. Public Speeches, q) i& P; H; I, _5 g/ |. M- @
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ G# x. F. r9 g9 a 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! ]5 ~9 \) G: [# x' w
4. Signed public statements3 _/ B, O. S. K1 a) o
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, p: Q0 E# x6 z0 b1 j9 u+ |1 Y7 C
6. Group or mass petitions1 p- l, R" A6 R& h
* |( P9 ]4 |% c- }, p
Communications with a Wider Audience5 X# M! B D4 c4 k* r/ g
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* K' M9 A! u) J! n 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) }4 R2 l" B) |' I4 \* U/ g 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& b" k9 |. w3 l/ B% R 10. Newspapers and journals
/ i _+ p1 d* M; K$ P 11. Records, radio, and television
2 [1 B+ X7 f( H3 P% X 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 H7 i N% E5 t2 d% o% b! H1 o$ t* U* w0 j2 y y& c- L
Group Representations
5 C# o4 o+ }$ b0 `, D- t6 K 13. Deputations
4 [! _; c0 e' C4 j& | 14. Mock awards% n6 J& x# y5 v# [5 {) v# V
15. Group lobbying' q1 ^, G) K- ^' ]
16. Picketing0 e2 a! m- c( f$ l* [; T
17. Mock elections
; M8 B- [, |- G, L4 Q0 N+ ~4 ~& r: M' v( i) i# E
Symbolic Public Acts8 ^2 ? z( H5 U: Z' c2 `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# Q f& a, x) ?7 g P9 g7 D 19. Wearing of symbols; R) r+ M2 h0 w. i6 K \7 Y% a
20. Prayer and worship" j a1 ~% k% U0 s$ g/ w# A
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 g3 u6 R! ` i5 y+ A& @ 22. Protest disrobings% l# y' a) e/ j2 ~
23. Destruction of own property/ }9 V* P4 r" X" g( n. j( b
24. Symbolic lights2 O d" a2 @0 n5 D# n/ `
25. Displays of portraits, p& M4 E# a2 I
26. Paint as protest' w2 P* B( v/ T3 J
27. New signs and names
; |& B9 u3 e! G* e& ?& w4 L 28. Symbolic sounds4 y' _2 [' \- B, m
29. Symbolic reclamations/ c$ I8 `, C) C* t
30. Rude gestures3 I2 D& I3 K+ c+ k3 D
! V/ P3 J$ L$ P' q1 o9 j( }Pressures on Individuals
0 v& F. q A4 w6 E; S7 J 31. “Haunting” officials+ J. P+ k; g. _: p
32. Taunting officials
7 o7 b, ~+ D8 ]2 M0 P1 w 33. Fraternization
8 m( p1 z! X/ Z Z/ F* [5 ]# ] 34. Vigils
0 I4 ~/ t( b" T B, |) [5 k- u7 U2 B
u7 S6 d* n" B6 [. B2 r& V, jDrama and Music
' o, d( a/ h& T$ P! v: [8 @3 E7 E 35. Humorous skits and pranks9 T1 I' x; w4 T( x. ?
36. Performances of plays and music9 E9 `8 l: A; C& q+ s% @5 `. g
37. Singing% X7 V3 o% \! @0 K) C
0 H! E# H' R6 O
Processions, ^- h/ P9 L" u/ k5 c
38. Marches6 B7 P4 R2 s- }& K7 h5 ]$ U
39. Parades
/ R% {7 M4 }( n+ H) J 40. Religious processions( C$ Y' \5 m2 K* ]! g
41. Pilgrimages
$ G3 B5 P/ ]0 d. Q) P/ z 42. Motorcades7 d/ s0 X/ W9 @) ]" C8 s' K2 D' `
6 Y! e1 e7 m+ s! z, C3 _Honoring the Dead+ }! e E" D7 g# {
43. Political mourning
( l. ^+ {5 A4 L& j 44. Mock funerals
9 F. [6 H% F3 p5 g7 ^* X 45. Demonstrative funerals- E, X! b( R# \
46. Homage at burial places E+ ~ Z0 [% o: g: f: X
0 V; J8 O W* H1 y, X6 BPublic Assemblies( U: h& ~3 c/ A3 w, t0 D5 X. _
47. Assemblies of protest or support! e! Q$ s7 ?9 ]" h/ c' [! u
48. Protest meetings' P h, V l6 n! J0 S7 d' s v; a
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ l6 l6 h4 {9 A6 d# D7 { 50. Teach-ins
3 D" a& c4 V2 G+ A! W3 _: R4 ]$ n0 ~
/ ^4 D/ p4 q7 I: |% ] OWithdrawal and Renunciation
6 j3 M( Z }) s: D 51. Walk-outs$ ?5 ]" O3 z8 _; E
52. Silence
/ c ~( V6 j( B 53. Renouncing honors; L/ b0 V' k7 ]( S4 X4 x
54. Turning one’s back' w3 X @! Q! J: V4 ?. x! U
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: q6 H2 Y: H5 T# u
$ ]4 t0 }- }' ^" I& h* [0 yTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 I% b, W) a; [& e! Z, R
, h+ ] }) K$ k% E 1 u# H( Q3 V7 H, q* e
% q2 l. a& X; p# z- D; S+ F; JOstracism of Persons
" ^8 o# q& c7 ]' h# b 55. Social boycott- D+ c. c( s" y+ L
56. Selective social boycott4 E" I0 ~9 Q; d( j2 e& S
57. Lysistratic nonaction4 r/ ^8 s8 t; R- ` \. n0 F, S
58. Excommunication
/ e. b, \9 Y1 r1 I0 T 59. Interdict
- `# o+ x* b ^5 A1 ]9 h/ `
" L: U- c- t! ?( O! g# H7 C1 NNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# A: a* w! s+ q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
6 z, T# a9 M: d+ u+ O$ a% ]/ O% T' R 61. Boycott of social affairs5 e$ n& l2 S7 g; j2 V/ X) `0 I, s! D
62. Student strike
' W7 z6 O! c- ^' @6 q1 C 63. Social disobedience
2 t( J/ C2 J1 G# Z' @ s3 V+ L( q 64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 F; P& M8 @6 y5 h4 g7 N& T \
. M2 a8 F5 z- t) b/ N$ P6 i5 _7 w
Withdrawal from the Social System( r$ d# y% h, [% s
65. Stay-at-home
6 A: H6 M) \. h$ T, K7 Q 66. Total personal noncooperation
; h4 g& N% |. W% @ 67. “Flight” of workers3 H8 m% l4 H* ~. K. p9 c- F* K
68. Sanctuary
* r' o( @5 \( U& ^. i* @6 p0 J 69. Collective disappearance, s0 @' z4 z1 F1 [0 g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 D& o+ p7 T N2 J T' O; B0 W! q- X& N% h5 }5 R
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/ r5 B/ J* M3 G& n- BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 r6 n* t# G! w4 h8 ?6 a6 y
; Q1 I: ]+ l I3 t. l+ V, ]7 [
: K) G5 E7 V# a6 e, d- J; fActions by Consumers
) |$ t. E! c2 l/ E8 H5 I+ s+ ` 71. Consumers’ boycott
+ t& \+ x* n. |6 b7 T 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 `# ^0 U+ R9 @
73. Policy of austerity' V4 u- E0 W; o. _
74. Rent withholding" |* k1 D, |$ b A8 V& v3 T
75. Refusal to rent
2 p0 M% R2 l+ G8 q7 Q, L3 @: C 76. National consumers’ boycott4 f4 x2 g# Z) A, }
77. International consumers’ boycott
1 l% n3 r3 z% H+ G
Z! p# C% X3 R% M' P' QAction by Workers and Producers2 O4 K) T# k S! I: F
78. Workmen’s boycott
7 r! D: r, \* \+ D X 79. Producers’ boycott2 A" C) s3 [. G/ o
( ` i/ y1 h5 U2 hAction by Middlemen" b& x* @7 A% V( l, H/ X- w5 y6 ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 {! Q0 h+ t0 h7 U
. p0 y8 r6 S1 z$ w& @) bAction by Owners and Management
; `' n e7 J1 f1 `3 w4 g 81. Traders’ boycott
, V5 L8 ~! ? c) Z, F 82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 r5 Z- D# M1 p: w, E 83. Lockout/ `* j' a$ v) U4 J. z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
S1 G# L7 {7 v6 N, q" O) m 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 D$ u! m) A2 W! ?
( q) N/ K4 c; `" h; N
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' i3 D- P7 e) ~7 Y# P 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits6 n' N5 B' i N( }2 n4 e, D
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! v) }' ?4 V5 a: `* s
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( z1 o* h- c. }! b
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 B9 w3 {4 G) V. q7 {" o 90. Revenue refusal
, P7 u9 r* A/ @2 k 91. Refusal of a government’s money
& N6 D& `: G6 a6 e( u
; w7 f, B+ y9 ~- S q- {6 y4 qAction by Governments& S8 U) {# C8 R9 m
92. Domestic embargo4 r0 I e" Z( r7 @ o
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 W- }1 [2 k; G7 W; c4 P 94. International sellers’ embargo
0 n3 _8 v: ^0 t: x8 W: p 95. International buyers’ embargo
% s) C4 a( A, m 96. International trade embargo! u7 b! i5 }9 V3 ~8 q# n
8 [* T' Q* L- B% q. \ & }- g0 v2 O" h& |
/ l4 W/ C+ s: V9 Y/ g$ w
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 M* x2 i/ o5 z$ u" P
3 `+ s( K) C* @1 q+ D! [5 d: m
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Symbolic Strikes
& c: F5 Q4 D/ G- w# B 97. Protest strike
6 g. T- P- S' V0 ]. j6 ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! R& `* g( w# g
" J$ f& [2 Y/ D% `5 g8 {5 z' V: s
Agricultural Strikes" {0 F8 c% x7 U. ` j3 Y1 |
99. Peasant strike0 m1 c! A' I/ Y1 S
100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 p9 w( U8 |1 H
, U4 B7 _+ r/ L5 q2 h! ]4 rStrikes by Special Groups
, l3 b7 r+ |# V+ z0 [$ F1 G# |2 V 101. Refusal of impressed labor
, ~0 m" ~1 q" n1 y9 V! k% b 102. Prisoners’ strike5 c3 r/ `/ D B! u# E7 _
103. Craft strike5 P" Z! [2 S7 [
104. Professional strike
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes
3 T2 j) c8 M1 T/ o% C- S 105. Establishment strike
, V0 F" x& f$ v# Q3 ~5 `7 a 106. Industry strike' Z8 N8 k! U `
107. Sympathetic strike9 o# \+ i/ u, }' b
2 }. m9 g. c1 [
Restricted Strikes8 c) {1 e3 e+ v$ S3 T
108. Detailed strike
" x: @& I$ K# v6 l 109. Bumper strike: x/ v. J2 A- Q4 U
110. Slowdown strike' H4 z0 l& b; f6 t6 l+ D6 v6 V* z
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ S0 j7 q+ {2 n: z! ? o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 W: k) }# H9 D) F p$ n 113. Strike by resignation
. u4 }/ n8 n" k- R8 [' o+ y 114. Limited strike8 h" _7 I0 y* q, X2 b
115. Selective strike
# P- |% D4 i' @/ J7 B* ?' `
6 O7 p# F1 Y) C" _' N- ZMulti-Industry Strikes
) x6 E* I% p9 }6 ?4 T) s3 \
$ t v0 k9 l* W9 r 116. Generalized strike
& `. [' H5 Q- b8 }$ T$ K. K# |9 [7 P. N' V s) m' R5 |
117. General strike: O: K5 ^' ~3 e0 x5 n' _
1 R, R+ j% i: R u1 Z, {) T0 QCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 N9 \, y) N1 @9 m/ P A* l7 R1 i* Y5 q# l! o
118. Hartal
- d. |8 s4 s3 K+ V! E, n3 L, x0 l9 y F. j
119. Economic shutdown
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5 O. H0 y9 ]# o1 r' N$ |! M
B5 `6 t( \- }2 E' Z$ N1 M$ j4 eTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 f6 r Y6 i6 W; X$ z: h8 K5 F" j- Q8 Z$ K* ] H: S* ~2 Q
) u! W8 c" c) S7 E! @1 F
Rejection of Authority
' v4 ?% T. r; Q) S' ? 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' M4 g# `4 A: E8 T7 Z 121. Refusal of public support0 ?. f0 T4 N4 R& R
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 m- G9 }, ^$ a, |4 Z
( |+ B2 h" f) p! @% i6 }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- {, O8 Q/ E. D% s8 M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 f9 t% U3 n9 p3 M4 C/ g
124. Boycott of elections& l5 ]+ \+ @6 x* y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% l' e. S- ?7 g* |1 C m0 `4 R: I# q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies8 x/ O- [( @1 z2 ?8 G9 l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 \! p. g0 d7 F- ` 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 @3 `1 \7 v- i
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) U" W9 o8 N1 }/ r 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 W# G! o4 v% T2 h8 p# L
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
f, ]9 E9 C9 ]4 p' Z' l 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& f ^6 z2 I+ P6 a X( k! W$ G
" Q6 F7 [' W/ g3 e5 v% |7 UCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; Z& t% D/ y+ m: w4 Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( ?7 n# y9 Z* D5 j+ A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 \) L: k* N$ v. w9 ?- G! | 135. Popular nonobedience
" q, t& g/ \; |8 T# a' f! L) u4 x4 v- j 136. Disguised disobedience
, R! \* ?: A7 x3 a 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& ]( U& x& V. o
138. Sitdown
6 v% I" t6 i- r/ s! _2 Q: v5 M0 e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, C& f& K) H# c 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 U1 L" `( e! w& `% z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 V4 f$ S: ]" D8 Q1 x, K+ N# v( c: v
1 A+ [4 ?( i7 R* K( {- c: h `, ~Action by Government Personnel S; L( T, N& L) l
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. U) f- M0 m! L" M
143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 d# P2 J& S" a5 U2 G" M
144. Stalling and obstruction# R! q; R4 L+ u% I( c1 w
145. General administrative noncooperation( {$ W: W6 J) s1 D# K3 t
/ Q/ ^2 O1 `7 F! q. f$ Z6 q' S
146. Judicial noncooperation: z- F( i# u) x7 l
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 h7 [# b) o( R
148. Mutiny& |; C! f: I7 B% K" y: r% c1 h
Domestic Governmental Action
1 f) ]; b6 [" E 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 K: R0 M* {4 X, D, ~% u! G' i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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1 Z& b/ T* g/ h x6 ~# M9 V- o3 TInternational Governmental Action# h' V; L! `3 z k4 ]
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 d: n7 e% W, O) Z3 I
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- E6 _2 K: |- V7 W/ S* { 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 u7 d8 ~$ j s7 V# Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 h, I, n4 O) h
155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ Y' X2 d) o& k& k: ?
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' ~) C n: w o' j2 k5 U
157. Expulsion from international organizations; |; D# G+ ^8 s6 f/ m# z) [$ H
4 f3 D8 G+ ^+ e8 e! E! L7 t + t) }) B. Y9 X0 x3 u
. t w9 @/ O% {; ]4 ]
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ R0 c+ |5 ~0 | z. V- A- R
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Psychological Intervention
" S3 J9 u8 U6 F$ z5 A 158. Self-exposure to the elements1 s: `" h1 s( j1 A
159. The fast
( ^5 E& x1 u: {+ A. p# t a) Fast of moral pressure
7 O% [+ \2 I/ }3 d b) Hunger strike* p: o8 E3 E7 G0 W- ^7 x$ E
c) Satyagrahic fast
. a; f# w+ W1 q( l. U6 R 160. Reverse trial+ `; I5 W, j" V$ K7 B% r, l2 O# o" s
161. Nonviolent harassment
6 A5 c- C: v" I. |2 `- \% {- }% u4 j2 r0 t
Physical Intervention
6 L; S: O( [( d) R. G+ o 162. Sit-in' t/ U' J0 Z, h3 O3 e ?
163. Stand-in$ w9 Z# x) O& G6 T6 Z- J
164. Ride-in
0 [" g: U7 m) E6 A% }0 {) \! C 165. Wade-in* Z% r6 ?& b& o4 q5 D9 S
166. Mill-in" y2 d: r5 X! F! J! y! `1 \, R
167. Pray-in
$ u0 G7 g, ?% X$ @; a; ? 168. Nonviolent raids
. [1 q+ E& i, Y/ W( z" O 169. Nonviolent air raids
" D6 l" c! Z7 v3 E" Z/ i 170. Nonviolent invasion- f9 n' \" f# ?: R% N
171. Nonviolent interjection$ I* W; [9 V7 l- I, N/ X- t r
172. Nonviolent obstruction# D# S: s7 Z7 \3 m3 h- G5 ~1 Z
173. Nonviolent occupation
7 M9 Y! u( \1 f! e, O! h
) S2 P' j" | g. aSocial Intervention O' G6 c6 h1 F
174. Establishing new social patterns3 o" ^1 o N3 c3 w
175. Overloading of facilities
. p5 v C' ?; s5 R/ V7 W' @ 176. Stall-in
6 u& O( H3 n6 q e, F 177. Speak-in
+ y) u; y+ r% A/ J1 `# G! B) \, B 178. Guerrilla theater5 E4 P; }: e, E6 ?! [! F
179. Alternative social institutions
2 o+ k: \/ s9 H- F L2 e2 ~ 180. Alternative communication system
( T1 s% U" y0 K" U0 R9 d5 [
: k5 _1 [- d- Y$ c9 M8 P! OEconomic Intervention
$ ~/ @, w% k# _$ }: {) [ 181. Reverse strike
* M" N8 ?) m; E* w 182. Stay-in strike; a" W3 }5 R/ J
183. Nonviolent land seizure! \: V+ J7 l0 e- b* w6 S) U
184. Defiance of blockades& Y9 b1 { K- b) H2 Z( s/ o6 ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ ^ ^5 j& ^3 N! I3 ~/ {5 p 186. Preclusive purchasing
1 w; _3 `0 {# w7 h8 N5 H& y 187. Seizure of assets
5 m2 j( N& h0 f. b! F2 J5 D, S( u 188. Dumping# S7 k, |1 T0 F/ b b+ w
189. Selective patronage5 r" g8 @* |" p3 x
190. Alternative markets
, r. R6 b; z8 z5 o2 C 191. Alternative transportation systems
& t- G; I* Y9 r) H 192. Alternative economic institutions7 y* d) L1 [4 y1 V
6 L8 R8 R& K6 `! m. _ T) P
Political Intervention
' u/ l6 K+ r( ` ]1 \& B0 M 193. Overloading of administrative systems! ?6 Z' p% X: y! J! O
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: S$ @4 L+ S2 v# Q: q* e 195. Seeking imprisonment- R' o. _0 }8 y) t. N3 [- s
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, G% @. {7 ]3 r, i' E 197. Work-on without collaboration
& J: d. R! h- c) ?) t( D 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( D3 W9 q* `+ H% h" y7 U6 L
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
