 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, G, N5 k; U# l( Q, j" `
Formal Statements
$ @% X, P& _% O 1. Public Speeches
: W: {: v( [ h' y3 O- I8 y3 m 2. Letters of opposition or support
- U3 C8 V! L' l 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# J( O, B; V$ Q: u* X' y
4. Signed public statements# f% G$ O7 M8 e9 }* [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" Z5 Z1 C4 ?% B1 U% |! A" O 6. Group or mass petitions, A% y2 H" ~% ^" B# Q
1 q- h7 s4 r3 `$ L' g3 sCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 e P' S- u5 P( R2 j 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 }' B4 A( f, k8 T, X3 C 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
C9 U0 q0 s: O; n 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! G0 d/ Q# j$ b) r$ n5 N8 z
10. Newspapers and journals0 v, Q8 d+ w. }5 F; I5 @ q
11. Records, radio, and television
- A: E6 L4 q o' c- |/ H 12. Skywriting and earthwriting) J3 l! q2 G; N" b
& v6 ]. Q- e. \- {" G+ Z eGroup Representations
* k, p( O8 @+ b; p9 @' E, w* t 13. Deputations
5 `( H' M1 j2 Z3 l6 G3 E/ a! T 14. Mock awards0 \! e3 r+ V$ n0 M% g8 h
15. Group lobbying$ Y# f; ?4 x& N3 g& d5 p- u
16. Picketing% C C; B' m8 F* d
17. Mock elections$ M! `& R: g& Z
& o' n- i2 O5 v
Symbolic Public Acts
\1 N. O# I$ B1 E- x9 ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; j9 j4 U/ M$ v( q3 @
19. Wearing of symbols
" ~! n3 V. _& {' D z 20. Prayer and worship
$ W; y ^; J4 w0 i 21. Delivering symbolic objects
; [; H7 T d9 S8 } 22. Protest disrobings
" x/ x5 a; `$ e/ E a8 _; r 23. Destruction of own property
% n/ k2 b7 J! B- e; [. x 24. Symbolic lights
% f: v: [( I- [3 P 25. Displays of portraits) V* `, e& V: h9 d- r0 F' B$ w1 B
26. Paint as protest, r' \4 L1 T% `8 k& y4 Y
27. New signs and names( M& a1 V \9 M+ T' ]
28. Symbolic sounds
I& H, e r/ [2 A 29. Symbolic reclamations
1 C: r1 U5 o# f, X( J7 Z% I 30. Rude gestures
4 o4 q4 y- B! n% d6 i; U5 B! r5 i2 j' b2 r6 M
Pressures on Individuals
) Z# V! N4 S/ P% j+ L$ d6 \0 _ 31. “Haunting” officials
' t+ x4 o2 \ x 32. Taunting officials. M G/ j8 m% |
33. Fraternization' {# m4 y7 L2 p0 x) X8 p
34. Vigils$ g3 }4 P' H6 V i- `# }& x
+ [$ a2 T$ g9 U V) iDrama and Music
' ?% b( O" v) h# W( K6 n6 H8 {# w 35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 S. r; w9 q. X% v6 H2 h- {7 z0 L" f 36. Performances of plays and music& D) i0 \2 c4 p. x8 v; m" j
37. Singing
1 Q, `' ?) k$ U) l; x# o+ M; U, r1 S6 v
, [% s4 v2 Y( o4 Q$ FProcessions/ M |2 a" J2 k( x
38. Marches0 _( S8 I3 E$ F# t9 n# a1 s
39. Parades9 Q" @% R! ]- s9 q8 K" L3 V
40. Religious processions8 M, ^# I$ W6 c9 w
41. Pilgrimages) H5 ~! d9 ^ I7 q3 Q
42. Motorcades
' p% J" D5 \5 j& J; I8 g- S, Z
! D( Y, E3 Z; G5 O$ d* A9 }Honoring the Dead
' S k& L/ R8 l! u3 `& _/ R 43. Political mourning
2 J, [& N \1 o0 S3 E( x1 z 44. Mock funerals
$ z9 e8 x+ q; Q2 W 45. Demonstrative funerals
, A! b2 E/ p+ Q# G# Z4 x6 h 46. Homage at burial places
4 M6 M" ` }& R" o( w# k! p
}" `; Y0 a/ }5 p) hPublic Assemblies b5 c$ C9 t" T, j# `2 W
47. Assemblies of protest or support u: ^& [# v9 m7 q# s$ x$ B
48. Protest meetings
2 l1 j/ J/ S: E! ? 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' p/ B* f6 {1 S* ]" ]
50. Teach-ins
" B6 k8 Z. [% m) r6 O4 [8 M, o% L. w2 X
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 }. V/ K* m6 c0 g; @3 ~4 P
51. Walk-outs
" P# D5 L* G, P8 F' a% U9 J 52. Silence: N$ ]1 A4 h$ G7 X' J
53. Renouncing honors2 K* u& ^/ L# f" p& C
54. Turning one’s back
6 R+ |, n) j9 U y5 J
& q, \+ i f! W8 O% [) n/ ~( ] 5 W7 Z9 a. m2 l0 M3 n- G) R
3 y7 J- k# d; x& q5 P9 W5 }& |1 ^; v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: `7 f g- k9 c3 T4 {. p3 u
( ^& N9 R5 A: {* K0 J( g; }! j4 [ 9 `# u: v# k8 u/ D& d" n
2 `0 e4 [2 d, N, c; aOstracism of Persons. H6 R5 R q) }6 ?
55. Social boycott6 T- B q6 c1 J( X0 R* o# w2 f0 \
56. Selective social boycott+ t) h: [% m4 H7 P l1 j
57. Lysistratic nonaction4 k- O9 d# l* {# k" p
58. Excommunication
0 F' G0 ]8 c; n: ^# J 59. Interdict
/ B0 t6 Y3 o3 E( q2 Z9 p/ |- ~( a) S( `
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 o- A% [8 G5 J( b" K( {5 v3 U9 o; x
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 H7 G* e0 H4 o9 {0 z" v% P$ X& U 61. Boycott of social affairs4 d5 T2 I# I0 ?) O. `( K3 E
62. Student strike
; J0 p$ M' Z6 P' G$ d4 p/ X 63. Social disobedience
, H; c: P. h9 j, n 64. Withdrawal from social institutions% ^0 ^& b8 [# N5 v5 L
! | k K$ o& ~9 c; [. e/ S. B
Withdrawal from the Social System
4 W$ Q' l* A" ` 65. Stay-at-home
6 D. P, u. P; N 66. Total personal noncooperation
% b3 {- y" T3 c. | 67. “Flight” of workers
4 s- E) o$ X: t 68. Sanctuary J+ s( s- l! C: ?. Y# D
69. Collective disappearance
4 V% ~) `7 a6 i+ @- s' w- V: m 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 u# O' W0 _1 N7 n, `7 S* U9 O/ e
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3 `4 ~5 `/ Y$ s, F1 ]8 m% n' nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 W3 ?7 U7 J/ c! H5 ]' f
% B+ g/ {) q3 c, l9 C: `
7 `( }/ k7 e# [! n7 tActions by Consumers8 C! `# v5 m$ ?- r x: h( W- a9 B5 \
71. Consumers’ boycott
/ i/ {, Z6 l( B. v$ x1 J6 w 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods V7 j z# w4 J
73. Policy of austerity
# H( l, Z8 V* N0 u* o8 @ 74. Rent withholding
* o. ?: m. x$ n2 `% d 75. Refusal to rent
3 K3 Y) H/ x( f" `, y/ c$ y 76. National consumers’ boycott
' K+ l2 y+ b" m ^0 v9 E 77. International consumers’ boycott7 Y7 @% p; O# a! g' ^6 m: `
" E- U! b7 V/ R/ u
Action by Workers and Producers* F$ ~: f! |8 i- E0 U6 s
78. Workmen’s boycott! `7 ?; e9 K5 A O
79. Producers’ boycott6 q M6 [! u% T( h, N$ F
0 q+ {2 o3 h! ?3 w) ^/ HAction by Middlemen
: e. I9 s# M$ `' v) t6 p 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& \2 {1 H- g/ r+ c+ K% X4 w2 S" Y2 H6 c" w2 f8 W
Action by Owners and Management
& Q( [. v j' l% F9 j% b+ Q 81. Traders’ boycott. r; o9 u# V$ k# h' r- V, c: [& \7 w
82. Refusal to let or sell property% ^! n! a, q( n5 V- m/ Z" ]1 m3 T
83. Lockout" c8 F; a- K7 s8 Z4 E
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ H. k. n2 {6 @ G% M0 J! o 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. w0 D% H4 C! O( r8 S1 X9 I7 l' ~# _
Action by Holders of Financial Resources2 v# K& V* O! {
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! X' ?7 ?- r) L! O
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 P5 n: x5 v: a1 w
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ m% S2 o# }8 l3 q 89. Severance of funds and credit0 V8 u3 o' ~9 X' g: a e1 A
90. Revenue refusal
( n+ k! o. f+ z5 E1 r 91. Refusal of a government’s money) k- i! m/ X/ B
; ~, f9 r, u' d- k2 kAction by Governments o5 _* R @. g; ^5 F8 b
92. Domestic embargo
; E7 k! r. _* I 93. Blacklisting of traders
0 f9 W- e% E! @2 \" }7 M: C 94. International sellers’ embargo1 N5 l2 [7 Z: u* z5 k u
95. International buyers’ embargo: g ?' D2 L% S
96. International trade embargo
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& u" ]0 g: f6 G. n/ m$ r 8 Q$ a; ?5 t2 H2 E
" K/ |) a1 V* N. v" c% t9 pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& p7 M4 j# U+ I9 Z! u! {5 a5 s
- A/ G: ]$ \+ B
, I2 h2 x0 J: U0 ISymbolic Strikes
- O+ ?# V3 x& H7 [! T/ g% W6 e/ z 97. Protest strike
- F, x6 Q1 h h. l: d; Y( ^ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" e' a @" T9 H! z* ~& j a0 @( U
Agricultural Strikes- }8 q% H0 R/ {/ h" B1 E
99. Peasant strike \. C% r! i5 D4 p2 d! d
100. Farm Workers’ strike" X( t- m, ^( @% o
* n+ G0 d# D, A% z L/ x0 VStrikes by Special Groups8 C" _' z& e" q- L
101. Refusal of impressed labor: X, F$ \) N9 p1 A# R
102. Prisoners’ strike
* Y0 y" H% b x: d" Q/ d7 P 103. Craft strike! s1 \. o9 E M+ |0 D0 g
104. Professional strike( ]: l. u" x% a- L7 ?
. Y9 y5 Z9 o& p, tOrdinary Industrial Strikes: U* Y$ y& h+ B/ U6 t
105. Establishment strike7 T- l. ~$ H U2 T6 B" D: Y
106. Industry strike& ^. u3 V! M( B! D
107. Sympathetic strike0 ~* {2 ^, y$ P2 S9 W
4 ?9 T% \3 N3 @, H7 E1 L( FRestricted Strikes6 Y! Q* ^* Z. E2 ?( F% J8 R+ E
108. Detailed strike
1 e& e$ }0 I( W6 V0 f+ K. H- D" } 109. Bumper strike
. D! b0 x* N+ Q 110. Slowdown strike9 c# S9 [- S) L, d( R
111. Working-to-rule strike+ ~0 G2 c2 c1 d. k* V7 V8 C1 i
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 I* m+ p4 ?5 p/ V# d8 P" T; E$ t 113. Strike by resignation
! _7 L. v+ X8 }! \$ {' ~7 |0 a. D 114. Limited strike4 G7 ~ ^" u- v( F7 u( v3 i. d! H
115. Selective strike9 E/ ]0 Z. U: u7 N
$ [4 A, D& H$ Q, Z, C3 O- o. I. s
Multi-Industry Strikes- O. Q4 D3 @$ l' E8 t
2 Y5 Z. p8 S+ P: T | 116. Generalized strike
# n7 X4 @7 d t2 Q$ e. ~
! d9 G% X$ Y- ]& T% { 117. General strike+ e' k- |) F& B) e6 W H
7 w* E7 ^$ L( aCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures! v0 l% A+ l* v$ U
7 ?& ^6 E# M6 B3 h$ X8 y$ @
118. Hartal
( h$ i6 X$ z4 w! n3 C
! A$ y/ |0 R! i! l3 y1 m# {& U" W 119. Economic shutdown8 r8 }0 F) d! j V& }* `$ d/ L' [
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* [" p$ y Z' z9 a4 {, H
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$ n5 c n) k/ B7 g7 P0 d$ RRejection of Authority
+ p7 q2 p# r/ [6 g3 r4 S 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 S& ?3 w/ C! } 121. Refusal of public support7 H$ D2 R- h% E9 p, D5 _, _7 }( \
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance. V% c* T! H0 M$ w9 q% I* M# ^! B
: `& |" y) V9 G% d3 yCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& ~$ e2 E& K# ^, R( v 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; K# F& ^8 k9 N5 T5 f8 c3 a
124. Boycott of elections
. [" R% G$ u* {. T2 [" O4 P$ ? 125. Boycott of government employment and positions( J: i4 A3 q6 c9 j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 \0 p! z v. q7 d
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# L% V6 N3 A' W3 ~( L& g4 P7 { 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 q0 ]: K0 C1 f% ^) v+ t 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
G" e _1 \, y! M 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; `6 z7 u4 o5 g
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. \8 m; Z4 q% }+ ?
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! g& T$ R+ R: |5 _; T
+ D+ t5 t: `. R( XCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 d5 l; d: k4 M0 u: [* i
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 ^ k P4 t* @2 o" S& B6 S1 ~ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; b" J) N. c6 a* t; v
135. Popular nonobedience k" h. I9 {. c3 l
136. Disguised disobedience% ~! F9 I. K" u) h4 q" N
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 S# Q/ U H4 G: A0 y
138. Sitdown- y w( o" I/ V" M2 I) f
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 U4 Q1 g6 Y5 p( `
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( V( l5 ]9 M( T. S/ ?4 I, U 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 \5 x9 _9 o( G& G
* x2 M9 ~! F9 w: {% n) PAction by Government Personnel+ @/ `: `3 {4 ]5 J9 [
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 N B6 u1 J) L9 P& u
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( S9 m2 E* R" r" E% K0 h
144. Stalling and obstruction! G8 f' p( ]0 t+ q4 j
145. General administrative noncooperation
1 ]& {! }3 ?4 C( Z8 S! w! U+ s. Z. O6 |2 B* a
146. Judicial noncooperation
. q6 x8 b) X% O7 F: f 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. ` p4 {6 g9 N* k, K1 u
148. Mutiny# m- W/ Z2 }! D5 f/ k, d2 ~
Domestic Governmental Action% z1 G5 z8 Q3 v# P0 E/ H/ }
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" D* y* K% N! r+ a' a. W9 Q3 M
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; ?& y5 o+ w( U! \
* a! Z, K6 ?5 }3 ]
International Governmental Action& s! T9 {; \( `
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) t7 Y6 l$ |3 u4 |3 c. @
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 N1 ]) S C- r0 j$ [2 E" P# I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 D7 z, o) T3 z' k- h; F( C9 e
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 R0 A! c' o$ v e/ }: X 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ c; _- q$ F. N 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 e: g$ e# T- k1 W
157. Expulsion from international organizations
! Q6 W) E+ P( l2 L) J, W7 y: @, I
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6 M* h& X; W5 K7 ITHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention+ B$ P) g% B H+ X$ L8 u7 q1 o
158. Self-exposure to the elements" E% N8 i1 U# @5 V1 Y9 \
159. The fast1 h# F8 H/ z# O! ~! z7 u
a) Fast of moral pressure2 `! J; o, c8 P5 N, Z9 y
b) Hunger strike s: o9 z4 ^, n' m" ^# j* N
c) Satyagrahic fast
^2 S& C" o+ q* V" H 160. Reverse trial
! n- U3 {, ]* J( E: d 161. Nonviolent harassment" Q9 I; K. w& d$ ]& n2 J1 q) [7 h& J
9 M) E& o. r# R. I+ t: H( k" }
Physical Intervention
0 E+ i( @, w1 \2 m: \/ E; t* R2 K 162. Sit-in
# G" j2 N$ u5 h0 G6 v$ ~ 163. Stand-in, K b5 x5 ~; X( H6 d3 i
164. Ride-in: c1 g3 l" x# j! q6 ~
165. Wade-in) n% z2 @& W3 K
166. Mill-in
0 P0 N* v+ k) w Z/ \ 167. Pray-in
4 q2 P" X' Z( ^2 r 168. Nonviolent raids
# u8 L6 \- k4 ?% }7 y# @ 169. Nonviolent air raids( @- B/ { a: Q! q' _6 p
170. Nonviolent invasion
! P) j6 t' J# e4 K1 ^( B 171. Nonviolent interjection$ l4 V+ r* X" M! T$ n+ ?3 j
172. Nonviolent obstruction6 y/ n; \+ O4 ?0 I
173. Nonviolent occupation
5 U9 s! E( X; [( U1 ^; W9 \( Q6 @3 T. T; ]3 o
Social Intervention
1 X. \9 L, l, X9 P: I& l8 N3 w 174. Establishing new social patterns
: G, V; r; E$ a# B7 Z. } 175. Overloading of facilities2 q) _- O, y* E! L/ ^* z7 O
176. Stall-in
$ o! G; F, ], i+ b3 q' R 177. Speak-in
/ a9 L; F! {6 `+ M" B 178. Guerrilla theater
6 L0 P5 g$ J" k 179. Alternative social institutions
* m% @/ O2 U. B' @( T9 x 180. Alternative communication system; a8 ^' N$ d: ]* U5 m$ H0 L
- f- `, N3 U$ l! e
Economic Intervention
. A, G+ M7 T0 T3 O+ I U( u# N 181. Reverse strike5 s4 P0 P" ~# _) s7 g
182. Stay-in strike
4 E" d* B2 J7 s0 f" L 183. Nonviolent land seizure' S5 S+ A; ]1 ]5 d0 {
184. Defiance of blockades* K, B1 k8 p# s9 L
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' i* @. k7 k1 R" E
186. Preclusive purchasing" m( M A+ W1 t; V A' s
187. Seizure of assets7 S# _5 D2 ^7 l. r$ a& N( E8 q; `
188. Dumping
- w7 @% ]# L4 K; d7 ^1 @( O: m 189. Selective patronage$ W& h" Y9 u4 t* w3 ?
190. Alternative markets
0 k8 q7 p% T' _: f9 b0 w& L 191. Alternative transportation systems: L8 n$ ~) K4 V i- |4 @# h
192. Alternative economic institutions% k1 u' z8 n8 H
1 `+ g& t: S: j$ F0 ]5 h) B
Political Intervention
1 J3 b. @ |4 D2 f9 p" h# z 193. Overloading of administrative systems0 y Z' O/ m+ |+ e0 o
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, ~* h4 }. X# ~+ k0 J! c( {. y7 G
195. Seeking imprisonment
3 J. b3 h# O a% l+ g% `. X0 z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* i0 x1 E* Y2 A1 d3 J9 f) [
197. Work-on without collaboration- \1 U4 \; o; d/ L* u4 s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ y: a5 B8 X: n! P0 V; n# H: h
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
