 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# B1 e) M1 a C9 v
Formal Statements
% a+ b! g; q8 k3 }7 |) {( u 1. Public Speeches
7 w3 G0 @. q8 c7 s- f6 i- V; m 2. Letters of opposition or support Y2 Y% Y; d& F% v A) y
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ E9 p6 M" G o# s N 4. Signed public statements$ t$ G5 J6 t2 h8 C0 n0 l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 N! Z; g" O, Q% b# i0 _
6. Group or mass petitions" s- D5 r8 j/ ]/ t5 d" g
# H( E1 W0 e+ L4 FCommunications with a Wider Audience
" F* o4 m% T5 r9 ~- |. l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 l( _& j# F$ H* G 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 P6 |' T6 M0 g5 ]& |( ^ o2 h, X# l2 S
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 a& {8 I* k) a1 p% a; d
10. Newspapers and journals
( a& i2 p9 ~" _- a3 B; Q& d( K/ k 11. Records, radio, and television* i! g# n" U' h8 L+ E/ _+ u
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: e& }! B0 F3 |0 Q( c; m5 v9 w# U
Group Representations
) M/ I# l! ]* I) \ 13. Deputations. [ Q5 ^1 J8 a5 x; Q9 l
14. Mock awards
! Q6 w7 n! s* \, m 15. Group lobbying" T0 b7 G- _+ Z6 K0 ^
16. Picketing5 ~( N5 p8 v# K" b
17. Mock elections
9 X6 {+ N8 f ?4 p8 d- `
- {( p" i! }# a! V5 u/ ZSymbolic Public Acts
: Y7 b; p) G( t% | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ d# h, \1 A' ]+ h& y 19. Wearing of symbols
) G& j L* @0 I: m% K8 p7 | 20. Prayer and worship
9 Z/ C* [8 c# u) } 21. Delivering symbolic objects1 K9 {0 l4 D0 g2 x; Z
22. Protest disrobings
5 T5 x6 E- L# ~% z0 g$ x1 M 23. Destruction of own property
" d' |0 u- X$ l: a 24. Symbolic lights
8 b% r% T v0 k& O 25. Displays of portraits
3 }* m3 H" V3 L; L 26. Paint as protest
1 ]% `/ u; A9 V 27. New signs and names
9 e5 `+ d4 T- i7 `& S$ W$ O 28. Symbolic sounds$ \ v H; r7 C) G, r
29. Symbolic reclamations2 z# G/ B' @. H, y
30. Rude gestures P5 i: w Q8 G% k
) \9 D, c% g$ k. ?, U# IPressures on Individuals( U# j1 `% E6 Q% F q
31. “Haunting” officials* J: n$ D3 Q* A3 }1 ^
32. Taunting officials
7 ?, |# a5 s$ f& a3 l* Y j! f 33. Fraternization
5 n* X$ x; F2 r) o F1 U' }: H8 O 34. Vigils
6 s5 Z& }; ?6 O9 [% ?6 s% M# L2 P E- V" v! c
Drama and Music
2 t# ~( U# T) i$ }- U6 R/ c 35. Humorous skits and pranks- `0 ~8 ~' P3 j( t2 z i8 l
36. Performances of plays and music9 G m% Y6 T$ Q5 e7 p; K' z
37. Singing3 K5 }, \: }) K7 C$ G. t8 U
$ |6 Z- R, }0 ]5 t; k1 P" n5 nProcessions
/ q% J! J7 ?% H8 R5 X# h- @! e 38. Marches/ j( n) w7 T: m& l, b3 _) v
39. Parades
# E9 U* I9 y, m' n0 R/ f7 N 40. Religious processions2 \/ n* k. x% g$ l. A( A
41. Pilgrimages
% F' i3 w2 T. n. ~ 42. Motorcades
( s, l/ A( S8 ]$ B0 F2 h3 L/ D* V* ?/ N4 z
Honoring the Dead
, S6 ]4 ^9 a$ R+ H1 f/ o 43. Political mourning- }0 E7 P- q' ]/ P6 v/ \
44. Mock funerals- b9 M. R5 I/ S
45. Demonstrative funerals
- T' |; U6 o+ t! |1 h1 P 46. Homage at burial places
0 \# ]6 X/ I2 p9 C6 R- C4 q1 k" N8 n
Public Assemblies3 H5 Q, b5 q9 ~: u E7 J9 o
47. Assemblies of protest or support3 `8 u5 h z+ J+ \$ D
48. Protest meetings
7 f* {$ |/ i! t* i/ z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ L$ @ ]& n8 z# X3 p: f6 l9 e. ~6 T
50. Teach-ins# |' Z8 H2 S w% X5 z* f' w+ q( u
: k4 ?: M. g' U6 u7 m8 i
Withdrawal and Renunciation
0 ?( R& n5 z. K: c* d0 t: x/ l 51. Walk-outs
* t/ Q& B; D# @1 t! @+ _# [7 d! D9 c1 V 52. Silence
" ~: }+ w- d3 i 53. Renouncing honors
! d* O2 i" `" M c6 n, S. {" X 54. Turning one’s back
+ y/ l6 v0 P w) d' H _' e; ^5 ^# `2 I' P
% M/ [7 i9 u* E3 c# Y2 G/ M3 i
% E9 t9 }+ n# f+ U9 n6 X
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" Y" J4 S3 B/ }7 ]5 t7 u$ I
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( R& k' E# b3 C) N, gOstracism of Persons$ n# C- V6 n/ S4 t+ s
55. Social boycott
5 Y b. z' |* V7 ]* F6 P- P 56. Selective social boycott5 E: j2 h6 V& o! y7 f3 h8 B/ X
57. Lysistratic nonaction" L5 l# O9 ~7 b# M- Y7 t: h! ?
58. Excommunication
) Q% T1 `( L- I# M+ \8 m5 e 59. Interdict
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v7 j! R- ]' J" v; VNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" y" j5 a9 V2 [" k* L5 T/ U: R
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 }, ^$ G( Z2 n7 | 61. Boycott of social affairs: u7 m7 B) n, |% ~. \- ~' d
62. Student strike( W' Y! N9 W, N6 [) J+ [: P+ [5 ]4 J- d
63. Social disobedience4 v/ \" g V3 w" T
64. Withdrawal from social institutions d+ @0 U& i% w3 c3 b; K
$ f/ q5 t& K; ZWithdrawal from the Social System% c# `" M; ]/ m. `/ n0 V
65. Stay-at-home
! r1 I! a: R) K* k- y 66. Total personal noncooperation3 b2 P% Q& r% f
67. “Flight” of workers
0 K" t% `+ Q+ n, q 68. Sanctuary3 U! E6 t# Z, J) h, e8 D
69. Collective disappearance: @: a+ g+ k. w, e8 K/ M; ]: g" J( P/ I3 p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat). |/ z7 a( X2 X2 A K4 d7 d% W
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3 o, a B) }5 {" f8 c
4 C6 S" W9 Z7 ], q4 W& X0 L* r! KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 u- Q2 t4 A" p/ e" `5 R" [5 I0 r+ z5 D' M2 b, {2 S" V
# P! N1 ^, |# t" ?5 WActions by Consumers2 V! `& ^! T; U: x
71. Consumers’ boycott
: j5 h& h( ]. b4 ]; S& ~ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; L( b5 ^' V: ^+ y- s 73. Policy of austerity
- O- a, h& g% ~7 d8 \/ i8 N" r 74. Rent withholding
4 t+ d( } M V( L7 ]* i1 b! |+ H 75. Refusal to rent" `' ?$ T, K8 \+ K/ Y0 `/ T9 l
76. National consumers’ boycott
) C$ c8 p' s, G N2 ]3 c' T 77. International consumers’ boycott; Z$ k u! J W5 V' [
) r3 G; l# ?/ W% U7 f% G8 C, QAction by Workers and Producers
8 i6 y/ Y H' h. l 78. Workmen’s boycott# { }. x/ z6 @0 M
79. Producers’ boycott
1 x6 d9 W* @1 o6 B {4 R; F+ P
$ T/ Y) k- }3 F! `& [2 I; D% vAction by Middlemen9 ]5 t/ K% F0 c& l% ~# ^& g# G
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! C7 B! A# p9 h6 U5 U/ I/ v
) }) U/ N0 O3 |7 c. O) a3 X% \Action by Owners and Management; K0 Z/ C2 Z" ^9 J; C$ c
81. Traders’ boycott; U, A& N* |) V1 |
82. Refusal to let or sell property) z" Y6 v& N8 F! K7 F$ N
83. Lockout
% I/ {% L; J4 @, ]5 G/ v1 y2 v 84. Refusal of industrial assistance# |: y x# q5 \ q& P( x1 `! c
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 q. i/ u2 N. V+ L
8 j- X! @2 v% a! a
Action by Holders of Financial Resources) X; J) e8 L/ U% M1 z4 a
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( o( S; T2 a; u* C2 Q0 `: r 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) b2 Q+ _# N% C9 l8 E" J
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ _/ h& ]3 L, }3 _ 89. Severance of funds and credit: H; u! Z0 w1 R" F/ e
90. Revenue refusal6 z7 E4 `, f( C- U
91. Refusal of a government’s money! @9 r" b& k9 U* j* Q' Q
0 D, w0 @! R6 j+ x5 MAction by Governments- D7 R( x f3 {
92. Domestic embargo; t2 N0 S: w% C' k5 u( c
93. Blacklisting of traders
: ]- l$ P) j- A! R; K+ F 94. International sellers’ embargo4 ]8 o: e/ u5 U: Y* x# J
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 x6 {* @* e* p 96. International trade embargo k1 l8 Y9 i o2 W$ k& u- U( j
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" ]$ n6 W- X7 ^& y* _- l: C! u2 c h5 {4 V6 p- a8 r
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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& B9 a' b6 |; f: O* TSymbolic Strikes* F, ?& d# D7 w' {% \
97. Protest strike: n! f3 j( |% ~; l% ]2 i
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- i* _6 p( @* |/ X
4 R! I2 }$ X5 h( e1 k2 SAgricultural Strikes& g4 }, }/ o9 v4 h u, a
99. Peasant strike+ Q" _3 d* E0 I7 d* Z1 t
100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 U# f4 f5 E3 Q
3 B' ]9 E. p& ]* E H* hStrikes by Special Groups" Q8 M& W( ^! V3 Z/ Y1 @$ p3 K
101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 j/ q8 C7 ]( z3 N4 m 102. Prisoners’ strike
) a1 i% a$ _+ y/ } [0 y# R 103. Craft strike
* Z) |3 G2 M5 J' @# Z. j7 { 104. Professional strike) c: m) r, K3 }8 b
8 F3 e3 N6 L9 A8 N' X6 R% [6 ~
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
1 M' y5 ?' T1 p: h; _ 105. Establishment strike
# X; p: P5 g/ G( [ 106. Industry strike
# b9 ]+ w+ H/ R2 \5 T 107. Sympathetic strike' k1 F. s6 R$ k3 [6 W0 d
. x0 f6 [6 M/ }3 O4 uRestricted Strikes
' g& o/ f2 Y+ P$ Y 108. Detailed strike
* f/ O" {# q& H. p4 y( o9 h; Z 109. Bumper strike
9 o) {# N& f4 b d* j 110. Slowdown strike% f0 g, z# h9 |6 ^3 h/ n
111. Working-to-rule strike) @8 m1 ?; T* U" }. f( r3 x" y3 w* J
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
y; r1 F k8 w 113. Strike by resignation
- n8 N4 C* J; R5 z! F 114. Limited strike
& N/ D* x& \+ s, v o; i& h, d 115. Selective strike
' A3 g1 D/ y0 ~$ |# d) L- h1 j! u9 I5 }: E# w; @
Multi-Industry Strikes
7 @) j. f1 |6 F& n
4 [9 O" F/ S6 ~ 116. Generalized strike
7 u7 x7 B c+ q+ G l; ]5 k- H% l7 p8 T4 c( E4 c, J
117. General strike
6 m) t' ]0 F+ Q4 F4 X4 a' V% J* {" J! @7 F& w4 C1 Z. H7 u
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
0 b0 A/ L; |9 s+ y1 a# K/ u
/ P% b0 ?; }4 p0 ?7 E, e* s 118. Hartal
7 X1 x( e& ^& O a$ I6 Z# b0 Z! \; U
119. Economic shutdown2 d. F" P; l, d: l
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+ j3 j5 Q" k: Q/ t. \: WTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION- ~0 q6 l1 \% i9 x+ X5 ]# b5 h' k/ u
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Rejection of Authority1 G! Z! j6 S y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 x q7 @! k9 b2 z
121. Refusal of public support
2 O* B& g0 ~: [% j1 Y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 ]7 }1 e$ O [& X2 E( z: q* K
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 i3 L f# {2 \$ s# v, O% B 123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 f8 P3 Q: _& _% C$ n5 p* A
124. Boycott of elections# u' ?/ n" }: m7 R' |
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ f( X# c1 q$ Z3 p* Z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 l: M5 v4 `! z7 C$ o4 C# c! ?: S
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
r( s+ s/ C# c% M. O3 t! s 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 k' g9 y( _& O8 i5 L a
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. }, X9 d$ C( l 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 _- l7 g9 E1 ]' C, a- U
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ L$ p" |8 ?- M% H( N3 w 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 a: ^/ \8 B: x) O1 a: h F2 k* {
, k# O+ k' H# U) {$ C$ YCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, T! L6 R+ D- {& q1 I @8 g& k
133. Reluctant and slow compliance. B8 m# S; V8 F; P: g
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' A" w4 C6 `! k; } O
135. Popular nonobedience
' p, Z0 C0 D Q# @: Z7 S( C 136. Disguised disobedience( b+ F+ ^" b# M% O+ `
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* u0 t5 c! R: f, O$ g$ E 138. Sitdown4 T, V. s2 W; K; G: o+ o
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! g( w5 }" R& D6 o7 c 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; l# B: I+ F/ @3 }8 U 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% t5 f, p. D) l' u
1 F0 m% l2 g4 W6 N1 _
Action by Government Personnel
* o3 w& r! k' t9 ?, p3 }, I 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. M X$ m" k% X" U) Q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information. O! V; n% X# p( @2 f9 e
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 z! e8 [( h% X5 z, r3 k& q& G$ M8 T 145. General administrative noncooperation4 k. a* c2 W0 d
) i) Q4 b3 k ], D# @% o
146. Judicial noncooperation
) t" K! ]: V6 b 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 a$ q( G6 G7 |3 T& D 148. Mutiny
9 x% M0 c0 i IDomestic Governmental Action
+ L# ]2 d9 l% R1 ] 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 ~- w* B; y8 M# e/ ?9 C 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 `( p4 q) s9 |8 }4 Q3 x3 A
3 u9 E5 N4 n+ b ^" H* FInternational Governmental Action6 P- ?0 _* m4 ?6 U; x% k2 @4 m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" g0 _0 f% v1 Z8 r$ ~, k 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ Y6 x4 y" b. T/ G3 ]+ m5 S" s 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 B% P6 h. u) a! e# G! P4 ~ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" a) |. E( w0 e5 }2 A" z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 G7 c% z4 w; g7 d
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. T% t% J& H+ z/ K4 R+ x 157. Expulsion from international organizations4 o9 y6 e$ v* n C! s+ m
! T$ z2 u$ c V& `0 ^7 @6 m
3 y' o' f. T E& n% O' G# K+ a3 H' t( G0 E& B4 f& L! ?" Y3 @
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% s0 d( k Q0 t. L1 @& k g7 A4 B# D1 M
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3 l! F& _: p3 Q% a3 w3 h5 ]
Psychological Intervention
4 N, j, g: P+ ~4 C Z+ ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements5 E/ M% I* D& H. O# }* A
159. The fast5 X. z% j4 ^# n1 j
a) Fast of moral pressure: Y; l) Z4 A/ T( K1 m& v( P
b) Hunger strike
$ M* i2 w6 f V) x c) Satyagrahic fast( c0 U# j6 B, C& r3 G3 E3 Q
160. Reverse trial
$ _4 D# _# l. @9 x2 s8 p l8 |2 s- k7 ^ 161. Nonviolent harassment
# }- H- \1 f" u% q
' X6 _4 f e h aPhysical Intervention
$ T: @( o" A1 D# Y" v 162. Sit-in: G' v& U% G1 ]( x9 d1 C
163. Stand-in u' v% }; M" H7 I, L
164. Ride-in, [. c; w l3 J% y" X, q5 p
165. Wade-in$ ]* S; ?5 u/ Z/ {
166. Mill-in
+ Z {! D v% B, E! W 167. Pray-in
0 w+ r2 P* Z: V( } 168. Nonviolent raids
; ]( e* H8 d1 {9 ` 169. Nonviolent air raids# \ D! F% p- S4 G# \3 P$ E
170. Nonviolent invasion) P! I! A! u- u$ |; q" r# p
171. Nonviolent interjection
' }4 J Q) R2 }+ w7 ^% t! S 172. Nonviolent obstruction
- S6 K! U% G- n& N6 g/ x% Z$ O1 k 173. Nonviolent occupation
6 I4 U+ ^# d% l7 @% h" _" F! P# }1 t, q7 D) A% y
Social Intervention
+ @( I' ~* M0 r9 H( g' r, Q 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 c1 J' Y# D0 K7 L' {' b8 Z 175. Overloading of facilities
. a5 w0 h* R) J7 ^& v 176. Stall-in
# u3 n1 I# p: O5 R" Z0 b6 p- p. f 177. Speak-in: N$ t3 Z; c k9 n
178. Guerrilla theater
2 Y3 R: L& |2 u% o" F. ^$ H 179. Alternative social institutions* t" |8 C( u W+ V4 y
180. Alternative communication system
$ s$ |, s/ @( h" v5 a# m: _$ B7 y
; ]' W L, [# L( K1 N( tEconomic Intervention- l- O* O& d0 j0 H- z/ P3 z
181. Reverse strike
4 |! n, E: `# `* ^ 182. Stay-in strike
/ A9 i, W; O, c. M8 d5 I 183. Nonviolent land seizure+ H5 Q" Y6 {& g8 h) e
184. Defiance of blockades+ C( d% M$ R3 [* f
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 @5 L6 m% \ J! w7 k. P2 h 186. Preclusive purchasing" q/ y: P/ b6 |: ~* @2 Y ^( W
187. Seizure of assets/ T, G, P! h" h7 P+ m6 G
188. Dumping# n T- O# V2 o# ?( L
189. Selective patronage3 g! x J9 V8 X8 w5 y; h
190. Alternative markets
' Z+ c0 z6 `) d% J) _ 191. Alternative transportation systems$ d! y1 \& X6 |
192. Alternative economic institutions
/ Q+ O" G+ W. Y& s4 x0 i& b, v7 I3 k
Political Intervention1 r5 j& a. K M( r/ A
193. Overloading of administrative systems& C4 ?( P% a' {# ? ]
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 |) W; E( E2 {* K; o0 I3 F# C 195. Seeking imprisonment$ y2 q6 V$ B" m. W
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" A5 K4 g* }) U) h
197. Work-on without collaboration' ^( {# z- g8 I7 l( \) j) H
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
