 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& \- \' f3 Z5 ~
Formal Statements, E, K! v; i* F, Y# K: z- {5 m$ ]( p
1. Public Speeches. p6 Y) u2 H0 h( M7 o0 a, w9 W
2. Letters of opposition or support- \8 f" }8 [/ g4 c8 N+ d
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( n+ G7 f9 u5 \+ S6 @3 k1 b8 F 4. Signed public statements
: W0 A* V1 }+ d: E7 N 5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 D$ U+ d4 ?6 B' x
6. Group or mass petitions
) q# G u/ G0 X& A: U5 t, w, ^' R# F* a) o+ f
Communications with a Wider Audience3 A3 s3 Q+ R$ @' o& c( U
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" o- W4 b: e0 Y$ { 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 |- [$ g) J; D3 J
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; T- E% ^, |0 S% {2 S+ |
10. Newspapers and journals
4 {1 e! B3 k4 ?2 z 11. Records, radio, and television4 R4 n, H1 v. T" [3 A4 k
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& w) p. q7 {" l6 j/ E4 B' T- \! O5 M+ ]3 e! b) D. U& u7 o
Group Representations
# h1 g" c9 i$ P! u 13. Deputations
! x! J5 Y* U, D- q: I 14. Mock awards
3 ?/ w- k# f0 k 15. Group lobbying F; L4 `( p c5 k3 N o
16. Picketing6 T1 ]' _- J. C) J' z
17. Mock elections+ s9 |# }: d( y) P+ h
3 @/ V$ _) A. P" ]' o) T
Symbolic Public Acts
4 x# C3 N- c( z9 f6 ? 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ q+ n! T1 ?7 `' r- f% B
19. Wearing of symbols
( J- M1 @* M* C8 ]; ] 20. Prayer and worship' v% P; O+ a/ }+ Y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 V" o3 T- K7 A3 @5 M" K 22. Protest disrobings
2 K" H, j/ t0 I/ A7 j 23. Destruction of own property
" O- x9 M0 M# O; C% X3 L0 H9 \: e7 z0 b) ] 24. Symbolic lights; y/ l9 H f% i* M
25. Displays of portraits
% H+ c8 s$ W: R m4 o% I" H 26. Paint as protest7 [, V8 Z' i+ k) y7 o, a5 O
27. New signs and names5 n) q- C8 S" c( B9 X
28. Symbolic sounds
3 ?. m" B7 q/ [7 l9 O. M4 S 29. Symbolic reclamations/ G+ J' Q/ y% E' L5 @. V
30. Rude gestures
" t% `9 k# q; Q4 V0 |0 f) _
9 C: J5 p5 w& d rPressures on Individuals
' [$ G A7 ?; F 31. “Haunting” officials# d7 \( h$ d$ G. H$ c" U
32. Taunting officials
' o% ?) D) d3 ~. t" ?$ S 33. Fraternization$ Z3 c. [( [7 l
34. Vigils
2 ~/ o* _* T" ?8 f ?
F$ c3 y- K% V+ nDrama and Music
' D/ J" o# S& Z2 b# [) W 35. Humorous skits and pranks% y: Q) c3 k9 p( i* }
36. Performances of plays and music% [9 Y. i1 W$ ]+ p% w, e" B
37. Singing9 M6 v ?+ Q% f' n
1 s% v3 S: n6 j M2 yProcessions+ Y8 g4 B# `. z" A$ Y
38. Marches
4 c5 f) N' `: t; Z* t5 b 39. Parades
+ U8 u- e9 }' F% G 40. Religious processions8 x: [9 q6 u& O d: D
41. Pilgrimages
4 y3 {+ X7 O5 u; n4 k 42. Motorcades
. F; e) P3 ?" _! B6 n% p2 e6 ^" d3 `1 V0 E8 O! L
Honoring the Dead
* b# \5 T2 ?8 b5 t 43. Political mourning. J. s0 b6 o2 s: i& k3 l
44. Mock funerals
2 S4 i/ a/ Y3 m3 s1 l' f 45. Demonstrative funerals
4 r7 o! n* C( \7 m# J/ ]2 ~ 46. Homage at burial places" w% J- p1 F ?) M& l9 d1 y% F" [
2 J' c2 _! Q I8 @! c: @7 a$ V
Public Assemblies
- e* ?! D1 d6 v; K 47. Assemblies of protest or support" M" r! u+ R7 n. J
48. Protest meetings4 W# m; o: i2 V- \% F
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 }5 \2 c3 Z& c [) B
50. Teach-ins, Q7 ^* j. O! _, g
9 Y. I7 p. x H* I) Y5 g& aWithdrawal and Renunciation
/ D' k( u* S; C. V 51. Walk-outs4 S/ ]5 P F5 W9 H# M: h
52. Silence
1 X' B" O/ ^5 A3 E) A4 ~! \/ P 53. Renouncing honors
9 m) H1 K0 E( R5 A6 E6 o 54. Turning one’s back$ Y& N1 M3 T: A6 ~; t5 P3 X
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 H$ b0 O) c' _
. Q, z, E/ f0 B
: Z& o' q* G* m* F3 U% I9 C& e4 U0 I! K7 E: h2 \! `- j
Ostracism of Persons- T( Y9 \9 @0 D$ W. g5 Y1 R
55. Social boycott+ e4 u: a% K9 i u1 ^
56. Selective social boycott
( I% r0 {" \" r, `& }" d8 I6 M! c 57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 r2 D% G) o5 K 58. Excommunication
6 P s4 P7 e2 s2 o7 p& }0 a 59. Interdict
* q0 J; z( K, P" E6 l% n0 Q, O8 I& d. b
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: D( Q- ]4 X; ^1 w 60. Suspension of social and sports activities, O) D: a/ a$ i q r
61. Boycott of social affairs- I6 y5 J5 W. S9 N
62. Student strike1 e" z6 R( F' ^* E
63. Social disobedience7 x/ P+ q0 S5 ?& L, \% H% s
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 t) n# I4 S* ~: \8 Z% o6 l$ x
. X7 l8 J/ f) U. y# }$ JWithdrawal from the Social System* b: X( E m9 N* K1 S! C' A3 d+ j
65. Stay-at-home
& U. F" g4 N) k* A1 _$ F 66. Total personal noncooperation6 l/ \. d. D/ _4 C4 c
67. “Flight” of workers8 X- V% K/ E* L" J' u9 l. V! Z( G
68. Sanctuary Y! i5 }. c" y$ Z E3 m
69. Collective disappearance
% n) o2 ]1 j, X @2 w3 e 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% e0 C* f) V- u% ?, g0 H7 Q& t$ S2 m$ e
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2 u% A# |5 h3 P$ f& KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 O" j8 t) X1 x6 K
0 w9 X4 g3 ^$ J/ [/ I8 V 7 f! h0 I4 @. k+ G) I; k
Actions by Consumers
6 Y. b2 D8 c" Y( d4 N. ` 71. Consumers’ boycott4 u" P" n) @- [7 t V2 i- `
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" C! H' r! R. n: ^4 t 73. Policy of austerity
! U2 f, J$ `7 Q/ a; a# ~5 ` 74. Rent withholding
* m V% ?; V1 X& ~5 u" o 75. Refusal to rent
" h# F2 Q5 z9 N5 X* z2 L( X; P 76. National consumers’ boycott' M i/ H$ ^6 n& o; y7 f7 E
77. International consumers’ boycott9 A; t% e: ]1 J, `. O) b7 G+ L
# }1 l; O& U* W7 X8 Z: \9 a
Action by Workers and Producers
1 m8 ]6 \% P5 O/ s- x2 | 78. Workmen’s boycott; Q( o5 E! E5 _4 A, \ x
79. Producers’ boycott
0 d$ y( I/ {" ?7 R3 K: P
) C( C" Z0 }+ o, y* H5 D0 K* bAction by Middlemen
O6 t' V- {# f: J, B4 W5 p 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; T# c& \, P6 ~1 ], b/ h
. s2 V/ E: ~8 uAction by Owners and Management: j( c1 {% o# N0 Y' c! y% K
81. Traders’ boycott5 _% n3 f" P$ L2 J5 s
82. Refusal to let or sell property3 _! T u. l/ U# o8 r
83. Lockout
& k3 u8 H3 \% P 84. Refusal of industrial assistance: J8 b+ A3 ]! y G# [0 V8 N
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 u$ H( R3 A9 D2 i
7 K: R( N7 f: VAction by Holders of Financial Resources5 W# T; g5 b5 [' B7 @. f; P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# Q% \0 \. J# P* _2 m$ g) Z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ o% T1 s3 G% I1 I
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest% q5 n* A0 {" u# u: q
89. Severance of funds and credit* [) f. M( Z, F
90. Revenue refusal- t: t/ |4 E0 ~; ?+ B' Z
91. Refusal of a government’s money
% I9 `- n7 f/ @3 E9 R
" ]$ @- h4 w; A, j6 gAction by Governments
- ^! u- Q. b" ] 92. Domestic embargo
4 T) [8 ~; J% m- |- X- ], L 93. Blacklisting of traders8 h- Q) E# \) l1 g
94. International sellers’ embargo
: J d, ]8 `- p" l$ s 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 b9 o0 ^ m' S4 |5 V 96. International trade embargo
4 M! E+ d( {( }
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ W* [1 y# r: y0 N+ X
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Symbolic Strikes Y* R) s7 D; `6 I1 h
97. Protest strike
5 k+ c6 x" H$ D 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, | p: j- f7 _7 H: g2 u
* S$ Z1 B# B/ E1 [! j8 f( r. Y; @Agricultural Strikes
% l4 N4 ^- L2 t W: {( z+ g 99. Peasant strike
( \' M, R' Q2 g/ M( v4 P 100. Farm Workers’ strike, y0 T( X3 s! g) H- F
# S( f9 Q* d& m+ tStrikes by Special Groups3 r/ k- e" Z" R: }! V& C; k2 \
101. Refusal of impressed labor& f" P* \7 g% i5 ^& R
102. Prisoners’ strike
5 n8 I5 D; E: |7 X. ? m 103. Craft strike
* x" l5 r- s Y @/ G 104. Professional strike
/ T5 {2 b8 v. e' p3 A1 A
( u) Z: l. Y, y6 |# V! vOrdinary Industrial Strikes3 Y+ B) e" `2 U+ p
105. Establishment strike4 }( Y2 w7 A! \( g8 n( u
106. Industry strike0 M( y/ L m7 D. V/ R. \
107. Sympathetic strike5 N4 L: e4 u; W1 E2 N+ n( A
# Z# a& u" X# ?$ h- x$ `Restricted Strikes
$ j. ~* f, V2 Z6 `$ C8 x9 ?6 C, w* G/ f 108. Detailed strike
1 k2 n& U& R0 {1 s3 K 109. Bumper strike5 u+ ~4 g& T5 z, L8 d3 Z6 g
110. Slowdown strike
- S; G- g7 p& h' x( Q* n 111. Working-to-rule strike
: ?/ Q: s# N+ a5 `& U 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)( O( h& C6 p9 Z* g
113. Strike by resignation9 [: I4 V" E% L8 M
114. Limited strike
% @1 o1 T3 J _6 H 115. Selective strike
9 \7 f' L; u6 z" t" x) ~' M ~2 D/ c
Multi-Industry Strikes
9 e$ p( U9 D3 i% g- B) N* _/ M8 H& h; j0 @# _" E W0 k* U
116. Generalized strike
5 a2 `2 c9 [* m* Q8 v* `; k! k5 |# M @, O0 T
117. General strike
: l+ E) l# w: P2 p, A
( }9 E: h; Z6 `! Q! \" FCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures: p% _% I5 l( m+ X V
1 e, L8 i: O; u. @! G& S \ 118. Hartal! L0 V, @ ~; @7 E
( Y1 W, B7 _* c* z 119. Economic shutdown& s% n9 ?0 L2 I& C' P
) L v' Q' q2 b0 m d5 v4 T
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! c0 `# `" v4 q7 F0 c' q9 v
1 z, D F! e/ | C
+ g7 D. ?( M+ q V( d2 M$ d
Rejection of Authority
0 _9 U7 Z& p l2 C! Q) ~ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 D( E C. @9 E% N+ N1 M7 p, d 121. Refusal of public support8 s+ [8 o6 g& h4 m
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) j- [% H6 e: C
: ^' H$ D; g& p! BCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; j$ `4 A- C3 z! C 123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 U$ s$ C+ R/ S
124. Boycott of elections
7 F( Y/ h8 P& U- t 125. Boycott of government employment and positions% `7 X' | i [- Q5 Y% h, M$ b! M. T
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 A7 q2 T1 _1 ^% x+ i0 c
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) u7 U t N" ?0 ? 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! _, J" L# ]; Z1 V 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- @4 G# F$ @; j4 | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% H3 G1 p8 s6 l6 W* e+ E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) }' G7 @7 \7 w: M7 M7 b+ A 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 l4 t9 E, M8 w4 L j5 F
: q$ u, Y& z/ Z9 [ d( JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( C# t6 B9 p% S7 Z9 C* l8 L 133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 ]& v6 V( D3 z- w
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! J" g5 L4 y: \% Z; C7 z 135. Popular nonobedience: k+ D4 _+ u, c4 d
136. Disguised disobedience
. y- x) ? e- }$ x 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 u" w: F! e- p
138. Sitdown
H2 t; |' N# u* m 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ i8 `0 T1 {* [2 e8 m0 U; H$ q6 _ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( R/ z4 T9 N6 n# Q0 l
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 K- C3 [3 U3 _: g0 S7 U j. T
* _' _+ q1 M6 I w/ `, W5 g: |Action by Government Personnel
# J" m& Z; Y" i, M& l 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 {: p3 m9 H N% D( u1 ?* Y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& Y0 n0 X7 F8 _7 w 144. Stalling and obstruction
; g3 y( F$ Q6 } 145. General administrative noncooperation
* [# E# n* k1 E7 H4 M
& [4 s5 n: M a. Z. X 146. Judicial noncooperation
% d# Q; i4 V5 `$ E& l4 j, s( [ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) p! J7 W4 d( C% R, Y1 @+ z- H. m+ J9 ~
148. Mutiny+ _0 H/ w6 h2 g @1 W
Domestic Governmental Action
, Y2 z; j3 t |/ a6 t( P 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" I' P2 n6 c: \0 K
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- T" o, e, H: i
( d" B3 b+ A! LInternational Governmental Action1 ^0 U" l, E' v3 ?6 ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations ~8 e8 t8 E+ t
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 X% r) N) s, [9 F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" O+ ~9 l% I; f1 H7 q& ^. Q" A I
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& @( M& ^- C. |% O
155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 k5 ]5 ?* ^$ o9 o" u( c! Z. I
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. @% C0 }4 \2 Q
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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# A0 |! V6 t0 APsychological Intervention
3 u |/ n, b7 _& z @ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
w4 f0 h# }/ G 159. The fast
8 h* R$ D/ _; L! N a) Fast of moral pressure
- c+ l) {8 d* V& J* p b) Hunger strike
! M, w! K% Z, A. ~( A c) Satyagrahic fast: c, p" e8 H4 a; a
160. Reverse trial; q" k! m! e% g2 S g
161. Nonviolent harassment0 }* q! y; v' M/ Q" X' s
* C0 u. d) ]0 P' d0 {( \6 e
Physical Intervention1 l9 h, F. M$ ~9 ^, j
162. Sit-in
/ n% c! M+ h4 Q+ R; R6 z# z0 F( Z; n 163. Stand-in
9 m3 C+ s# }( s: _9 `9 d. t 164. Ride-in
) U) M* S& ^! F @- \/ h; O 165. Wade-in& V) A! H$ S5 ?" c' \9 O* D( L5 [
166. Mill-in) r8 `7 S0 }0 e# ]
167. Pray-in
/ @4 i+ e$ F$ P# m/ v! ^2 y! j 168. Nonviolent raids
+ ]8 t1 a8 U9 ` 169. Nonviolent air raids( J0 v" d3 V6 A' J
170. Nonviolent invasion9 C% S5 _: J( ^* a
171. Nonviolent interjection
9 s+ H) Y. |; |1 E: J* j 172. Nonviolent obstruction
( J+ u& b3 ?) i( Y 173. Nonviolent occupation
I/ H0 P2 e8 P5 f8 h3 k2 w! |& M- V
Social Intervention
; K- ]& w* D/ _1 Q- t9 ? 174. Establishing new social patterns
- R0 ]+ A9 d% k( M 175. Overloading of facilities0 ^) }& r& f* H2 K4 S
176. Stall-in! I+ z* p3 Z: A8 r
177. Speak-in/ y! U' _ h. Q
178. Guerrilla theater; V" m7 N8 K ^7 ]' g5 F4 P
179. Alternative social institutions: e/ I z F% p1 X8 S: r
180. Alternative communication system
: Q7 q- J# O3 ^. {/ L& Z( k, p8 P% H2 s S$ E @/ z7 C" @: ^
Economic Intervention$ O! z- L- z) p( t
181. Reverse strike
4 E7 _1 [* j' B8 q3 Z' P# s2 a+ @ 182. Stay-in strike2 p4 m2 [/ ~0 \8 \9 d0 |
183. Nonviolent land seizure
' T' D$ d- }4 s+ P1 C* H ~ 184. Defiance of blockades% ~2 n/ |7 e' z; L
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 M8 [& |7 F, {
186. Preclusive purchasing
7 }' X( q2 w' R7 d# u' ]! D! o: ] 187. Seizure of assets Q. ?9 S1 u( ~
188. Dumping
, \2 I/ H L. d# A1 x0 U 189. Selective patronage2 I' |7 Y c1 F
190. Alternative markets
' }! \* X5 X2 H0 w& J 191. Alternative transportation systems4 h3 c1 y4 h! M4 H
192. Alternative economic institutions
8 Q$ `; O/ {$ Y! W% b
8 L4 P w! b5 i8 |" `5 GPolitical Intervention8 {, T6 N# N3 Z- M
193. Overloading of administrative systems5 X' I: a o. G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. f0 _ o _( |! h! h1 W5 s( K
195. Seeking imprisonment
. o& h! h' K; Z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 Q7 P, _/ [! X
197. Work-on without collaboration
% M) A5 _2 m* S8 n. S 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 l0 a. P! f `- `
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
