 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 V8 g. l" S: }" ^9 B+ qFormal Statements
5 p- s! v1 k2 w* {$ O' i7 x. r- O* L 1. Public Speeches5 t! P. k' [6 M1 p& d1 m8 U
2. Letters of opposition or support0 D- r } s- M, B' B0 a& Z7 c
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ |, F- x$ S2 S5 z0 u J! G
4. Signed public statements" S9 A" \3 K7 T9 B
5. Declarations of indictment and intention% ?; G6 H( G& o6 V' U) I! G, O5 n
6. Group or mass petitions- _& i- u2 Y5 @7 z
2 l. N. C6 ~( N6 @
Communications with a Wider Audience% ?3 l, P. `" E: x7 G9 O2 K+ y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 \0 X1 G, I8 e: | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ W% `6 q7 C* _1 y B8 s" C
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ u( j/ v* t! D9 x ` 10. Newspapers and journals
2 N& Q' J' [5 _ f 11. Records, radio, and television
D$ x1 O+ M. v6 B; U8 s2 z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. t s/ g% _; q% s" p8 T
1 A0 y1 g$ E- e$ ~( @3 T, c3 pGroup Representations+ M$ L) b0 S G% F
13. Deputations
& P# `9 z m) p/ N! M' j8 f# Y 14. Mock awards( z8 O5 u: i8 i8 ]
15. Group lobbying
4 q8 K1 O6 `" r 16. Picketing
! t' m, Z. I1 @* ` 17. Mock elections& t5 m$ f' I- v: o8 m. X
' _; _/ o" w" l* o9 E8 iSymbolic Public Acts4 J1 V$ `9 U! M2 e" p; P3 k, E
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! c) ~# Q' l" s; n7 h" i0 O& C
19. Wearing of symbols4 }, V0 |" \+ Z
20. Prayer and worship; y: w2 b) ]( [6 v4 v
21. Delivering symbolic objects c, `# d( T* \: |, a' x
22. Protest disrobings
2 I7 h, j5 E* k. u: s4 A3 ^: H 23. Destruction of own property
% |, R7 y2 t8 J. x1 M 24. Symbolic lights# [% J9 B. j( v6 D$ x3 i, z3 j
25. Displays of portraits
2 G$ c" {0 ?+ h 26. Paint as protest r! \6 s1 ~( v7 `, A4 m# f: u
27. New signs and names+ v- {+ M) ^0 @5 P+ I
28. Symbolic sounds* o) W# t! i" q* s- P. J8 ]
29. Symbolic reclamations& r k; e2 T3 p1 }8 i
30. Rude gestures
0 O1 c) P# E5 P" T5 o' Z0 m; N8 f( l
Pressures on Individuals5 w0 i. W8 E T6 @. D
31. “Haunting” officials; s n# ~. E" S
32. Taunting officials
$ ?" N! u- B; }. s, S: w! @( p+ G 33. Fraternization
3 D# H6 A4 @( G/ Y 34. Vigils( Z2 t* e0 u: A2 t- U
/ Y/ b4 c# w ~4 ?7 _
Drama and Music3 m1 g( k: {+ O- [
35. Humorous skits and pranks
& I# ^7 ?% C1 X" K D$ k" A 36. Performances of plays and music& ], Q1 Y. w# I, F: J
37. Singing
* J( `2 ^/ B/ I9 b l3 J
8 a- F8 L, P5 Y' W7 ]9 Y+ sProcessions
7 z! b/ o. T) I* V Y$ m) ~ 38. Marches0 D' R6 ~0 n C# | D
39. Parades
8 `, T8 H& o% n# q+ o 40. Religious processions
& }8 O T% U2 A+ H/ P2 M 41. Pilgrimages
) p) k( g0 A; r9 `4 K4 O L 42. Motorcades8 X; \6 o0 G7 P" Q8 Z% h& c/ u
7 ^7 t$ N: W o
Honoring the Dead. r% |2 O- b+ s" f
43. Political mourning$ A+ ], V2 v$ S, \' i y
44. Mock funerals& `& n( B6 `1 ~+ L( }+ ~9 W
45. Demonstrative funerals4 ?2 e( `& j- t- _4 E. Q, o, u! [
46. Homage at burial places) j$ c# ]& v5 j: b
9 u. i, J+ r5 {, @! b5 T0 b- z
Public Assemblies) A' ?9 E) |! r3 q- L7 ~0 E
47. Assemblies of protest or support. r. N3 o D- [ q4 e
48. Protest meetings
: R E4 x& E# }2 y Y8 e: X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. k+ u8 G7 J& s# g9 f 50. Teach-ins
% F9 M* u4 P+ C/ i8 @ s
4 [' I6 y) @6 J% Q; o& ~Withdrawal and Renunciation1 }7 F* ~* W( X4 K. x
51. Walk-outs) \' ~7 _, I& A3 x1 h; l* z
52. Silence
: o& X" J* t2 { 53. Renouncing honors, H6 L- D3 M$ N' K2 t' q* p5 J7 m4 z& I
54. Turning one’s back
. Y' q6 b0 i2 Y% y" q- E5 N' K2 ?3 N. _( I
# m- }" ~2 e) C0 i4 v+ |' d8 d- [* q- {
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' G0 v' j" J/ J7 W$ s# M
$ x* s6 L' b9 c, Q/ r; _! D
5 j0 q1 \, y$ z; l" [* C7 E$ z% U$ M' @" d! d" a6 y$ d- n
Ostracism of Persons
* D+ r% Q( L: }" h; c4 U1 m 55. Social boycott
% l4 x( J0 W! R 56. Selective social boycott. g+ ?+ p6 o$ C0 v' C5 B* w( U
57. Lysistratic nonaction$ `4 J. Y+ w1 i. y4 ]) Y8 o
58. Excommunication: M. W- _" x3 @- ]4 s& V/ [/ M
59. Interdict
5 v6 E$ o2 m3 }& J L( B7 \( [$ r
. t! E5 l) R Q8 `% a5 zNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) o: a! u3 ~( ]" \7 q% i0 j
60. Suspension of social and sports activities2 I/ u% C, A' Z I0 e% U5 N
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 D8 B$ w7 J! n0 t- S! L 62. Student strike1 n( L y3 M/ a) M! r5 \
63. Social disobedience
4 i+ ]2 y4 c) M/ \* I 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 b$ f+ T, k- r5 @/ e' g/ a# W3 [/ S
Withdrawal from the Social System) D% G; H; b0 s, y
65. Stay-at-home
6 E2 K6 q& W; K ?0 n3 ~ 66. Total personal noncooperation
* c" u/ ^; X: _! }4 P 67. “Flight” of workers
: k O; V2 [! h1 L) ^ 68. Sanctuary
, e. t* _$ |3 G! A) `1 ~ 69. Collective disappearance6 \/ B- P! j# ~' S8 n( q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 Q E1 W. c3 m' C7 y
* ^) j. x8 _; I4 q9 u
6 t D+ `1 _ X: n; S" z, s! U/ X b
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ o4 F9 I5 u" P2 P% }; E4 t6 k
6 f/ N: Y& [) u0 n
7 M- M5 d$ |' p6 a* P/ {
Actions by Consumers* J! V0 o) @" x) k" q: J9 E
71. Consumers’ boycott- \7 n8 w4 A, w) M' o! z9 E
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% N$ v5 H" S+ I9 r4 X+ N 73. Policy of austerity+ D) r- O- {* D8 \$ |* V+ ~+ w" W
74. Rent withholding
2 \% O/ X! h! _( m& [ 75. Refusal to rent" f) r' ~- M$ g+ g- S, J
76. National consumers’ boycott
/ k! o, A2 \) Y$ F9 Q( g$ j7 G2 I 77. International consumers’ boycott% M- U- g$ y0 b; D
- Z; X4 ~6 D" ?9 p1 jAction by Workers and Producers$ y+ d5 h; J1 Z
78. Workmen’s boycott: A+ D0 w4 P7 ?! i0 q
79. Producers’ boycott% E0 \2 _8 f3 l* _2 V5 P1 z' o
+ _% t K" y: Z% w
Action by Middlemen
1 y% e& v5 ?6 A2 z+ S1 b9 x; {$ x 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! J$ X+ v9 o: f% v
6 @2 _9 f" z' m# UAction by Owners and Management
* S. {9 K* ^& U" K/ l# t 81. Traders’ boycott2 o) A4 w9 ^ H& h+ F: \/ c
82. Refusal to let or sell property
# E' x9 o, q( S* n- S 83. Lockout
0 A- K7 D6 [) D& G 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 W8 V& X h' w% b 85. Merchants’ “general strike”) }& Q' |2 K9 z& z( u
( ^. |- T5 U+ G6 D8 X( [; X: ` ?
Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 _9 E' ]$ B) W# r! _
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; g" G3 R6 ^! c2 I2 ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 v9 {' j" B0 v8 j! n0 t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ d- s0 r4 ^, [; K( T1 \ 89. Severance of funds and credit
% ]' n2 ]! N% I! Y+ u0 R. s 90. Revenue refusal
% x- ?( @4 g: n4 z( A. H" { 91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 Z6 S/ q9 [( F! Z6 a
2 v; l- Q: z8 f9 Z7 _, y' lAction by Governments
; g. `; d5 p: C$ J) _8 f 92. Domestic embargo' o, X( Z* l& r* ?7 Z
93. Blacklisting of traders- k8 \9 {8 G0 h& V/ K4 D0 L7 E2 L% y' S
94. International sellers’ embargo& Y+ m; ^8 |& P1 A {
95. International buyers’ embargo! Z1 G8 Y, x* j0 |) e$ h( H
96. International trade embargo, a( ?0 U: d; e/ `$ a/ h
- C6 D2 c! X. u
1 G( h4 N( [" _9 C1 u* F1 e5 R
! ^! }7 c. N# x* T8 ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 E q8 m/ }% I4 R+ ^( m' u
3 q, z3 b" x4 A* Y
( @; m+ m1 g' XSymbolic Strikes# j. [2 U7 w4 O6 b; T/ M# i% y
97. Protest strike- e- a& t( Y2 S
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! \. T: l7 l) I: _8 ^: @# [
% _. b2 m( }) |( w% ?. F
Agricultural Strikes- @* J8 F1 t* G% P5 M( P
99. Peasant strike" j0 d3 w9 l8 H: B: t
100. Farm Workers’ strike
- R; H8 w" g1 R" H9 a9 L" P. x3 H
1 T7 _2 C* h# }1 r7 pStrikes by Special Groups$ {0 w9 ^! ?. G( i
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ }2 G6 O) }( d 102. Prisoners’ strike( N5 G0 I, c" \$ R. L
103. Craft strike
# a/ x2 d6 F* [- C 104. Professional strike
) [9 _2 W% R" G ]# l
# n. |9 v1 z! Z, s! U0 K) \0 HOrdinary Industrial Strikes% k5 A* w. m" A- A- S2 a" i
105. Establishment strike0 ?! C) O- H$ @; z% I' i. H& ~
106. Industry strike
* b/ n9 A: d" \" e! @( o' u 107. Sympathetic strike
8 Q6 F: x" _; `, N' G+ V
; V" F$ s/ {+ s' S( N8 c+ M2 CRestricted Strikes
9 K, C0 k# t% }! H+ r+ k 108. Detailed strike$ m! {# V+ N3 |% Q3 Z0 ^6 ]
109. Bumper strike
! A$ t6 o2 P: t" B1 x/ y$ g 110. Slowdown strike
}8 z$ c s9 b. _6 p" c4 C1 h 111. Working-to-rule strike
7 O1 X# M i7 c$ A 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 s8 z, d+ L2 b: g1 N
113. Strike by resignation% k: [: z& `. D: q$ l6 C+ s8 q! P5 z
114. Limited strike
9 g) }/ V3 }, q" ^) @$ G6 k1 h 115. Selective strike
; v: F' \* k3 n' g3 V, H& |* I7 z3 c& Q7 ?
Multi-Industry Strikes
+ I7 o% Q" K( V& H6 X, I$ k; P+ n2 R
116. Generalized strike
# l' f) F9 l1 j$ \9 b, s0 S
) e( t+ _0 d4 X7 c8 M6 x4 u3 K 117. General strike
3 j. w i6 _! d. U6 G" v( t$ z' p" Y y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 n8 O2 Y7 R4 u8 f' t
% Y; Z$ f( ~$ _& ~ ~ 118. Hartal: }) O; e l% i7 S
- n+ m8 L' g0 e- Z9 X6 F- [ 119. Economic shutdown( _- h$ M- `) v0 \/ ~
4 m$ D. b) F1 w! V; v
! M6 R$ ]2 y: M" H9 l
4 e" @# X5 F% l n2 LTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" L9 G& D( h |+ X4 ?* K! F
& f! l" l5 v( ^: \* N+ T9 s0 `4 i# Y
5 ~, a# l6 i6 e, F9 _& zRejection of Authority+ x& B, g, V0 i7 A# a
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- Z( \3 L4 A; H( E' u/ y2 {/ w 121. Refusal of public support p) Z, [7 [) n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 z" F& j8 {0 U" d. c+ H
0 n1 A3 d# y5 T$ C5 N
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! |3 m7 u' `* J" M( s7 Q, @
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' G; h5 b7 ?' J) A 124. Boycott of elections
4 x1 G, g# t, q: I 125. Boycott of government employment and positions) J- v' I3 b. ?3 X; Z5 t
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( I" y( ~* V- p9 n' N; H 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 B4 n$ R; D5 b7 s/ f8 L& @
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" R& F; J3 x4 ^6 C2 t/ S: a# u9 I D 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 g+ O; v2 Z2 U' J) c! |# J$ ~# L! p 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* V. j3 e& H+ y, Y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 s: q, ^$ c8 o+ N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' ~: L8 _7 W6 t0 e( A9 A* [- t
; C) a4 [( }- [; W# j. P; E
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! x4 g5 Y' F9 M" s6 q! H G/ ^
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 c( r" M; P# j( o$ p8 J6 b 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 h" t5 m# h6 Z' s5 l5 l+ [1 j 135. Popular nonobedience8 m/ T/ B0 f* Z& ]6 t" s7 c$ ~! E% |
136. Disguised disobedience. H2 @3 I5 E* H: m( `9 p5 l
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse {1 a; F" n6 _% v8 H
138. Sitdown
# D5 S. N6 S% B 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ k" e7 W7 A+ P* s( i9 W- D. b
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( _4 X6 E3 ]: }% Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 O: r/ Z" ^" a4 M" X
9 G2 W( K7 D1 U- [Action by Government Personnel, O; l4 N: o4 ?
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! C; j; N1 L# ~0 w' j% a
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 H1 Z5 z9 P. x2 R4 m; u 144. Stalling and obstruction
& A7 N z: C& {! q 145. General administrative noncooperation
! f* i+ b, A; }8 ^1 N8 h9 i9 Q# V
( g9 L. j" E5 t! V5 K 146. Judicial noncooperation- |3 v5 O- v! g' q: K' j4 W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& Y7 ~. Y% {$ G9 \" J
148. Mutiny
& u+ P- \# _) F: N/ b0 R L3 aDomestic Governmental Action3 K1 \: O) \* Q# W9 e9 C
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) a6 C8 s% |0 |$ L# e: u
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: D$ k( r w8 u, c3 u" z
2 o0 C+ Q* b$ w
International Governmental Action$ j" W' b) E/ ~# j, x$ e) s4 w
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 p+ Z& }9 A8 ] t7 _4 Z4 Y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' G1 I/ J/ {$ g 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
Z, v/ V6 J q/ `, c) ], U 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 n: K' T: h$ j& u8 Y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations& B0 Q* v7 v5 v# s
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. s9 [; a; ^' f 157. Expulsion from international organizations
& f$ }: H# T" z& `+ ]
0 y# b$ m# M! e0 }2 S( E& `
# h# X# V* L8 u+ C- \0 \ |5 d+ d$ W
' R3 f7 l, k x; OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 w3 ]5 C$ o% e5 T; v' X0 P
; I! k6 G4 n, a7 c( r( f / ]$ L% H1 |0 V0 K* e* T
Psychological Intervention: v6 f( |$ r$ ?+ _
158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 ?1 z* _+ f3 K- U) H 159. The fast G- w" J, ~3 m- \& f! D( l6 R
a) Fast of moral pressure# ~3 j7 f/ |, i
b) Hunger strike0 ^5 Q. u3 N6 A" B' ?) z) c
c) Satyagrahic fast
. x1 [& I: {' D$ P. M* C8 K 160. Reverse trial
) k3 l/ a9 ?/ y, v. l3 C 161. Nonviolent harassment* |+ f8 m5 W f# W" h! q4 R2 ~4 k
! C7 P) g) v$ v; Q3 a/ f
Physical Intervention
8 R. ?) s0 p* E# T( }/ u 162. Sit-in0 r' q9 I# b+ Y) w, I
163. Stand-in
3 `! L5 q1 N9 @, [. F+ {: a. Q 164. Ride-in3 E8 `5 j$ q& z7 c! ~, e; h3 E0 x
165. Wade-in/ U+ G/ W H. O% d' a
166. Mill-in# m4 Z/ s) b4 w) `! N; y
167. Pray-in( l" a# h, ]$ Z5 e& G( C6 L: a _
168. Nonviolent raids
5 \9 h4 F, O& r% E) W# |2 M 169. Nonviolent air raids
. d9 e' `4 X2 \2 ~5 F 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 g) y8 j1 i5 U! P3 D 171. Nonviolent interjection, a# m" X5 @. l; W P
172. Nonviolent obstruction( n9 _% O3 D s t. U% k) K/ L) Z
173. Nonviolent occupation5 u3 H( b: z# o# t- G; t
( C( S( d& w! C* n; u5 iSocial Intervention
) K! o- ~/ D3 j; t' \. ]' X$ b 174. Establishing new social patterns
: j' }) s! S" I6 j 175. Overloading of facilities
! O) k4 j: T6 L- J R! s 176. Stall-in
& \+ k. ~( K1 T% ?2 f% d9 I- m# V, ^ 177. Speak-in
/ a$ ~# u- R g N3 h0 n1 \# W4 { 178. Guerrilla theater
* Z6 |, o- o% E) A0 Z7 w; ? 179. Alternative social institutions' }/ D) K" E; B7 w. \
180. Alternative communication system7 |+ @% m$ d1 ^0 j+ m5 Y; I) ?
, V, K" ~6 c& P8 ?' iEconomic Intervention7 w2 u& y. a1 o) V# @, `2 y
181. Reverse strike5 k0 {: K4 H H9 @
182. Stay-in strike
) g, g# q. W- ^7 z! l& r) g0 M 183. Nonviolent land seizure2 R5 ~6 B* H6 S4 n" ?# y
184. Defiance of blockades
* j# o4 l2 U: t) t" N 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ H; t0 Q/ T! r% U) b% L
186. Preclusive purchasing% u, w) m' o: E, y$ X9 B
187. Seizure of assets* V" g% s; O$ M) P. {* W
188. Dumping
- p4 d! e9 D/ {) e$ ~8 m 189. Selective patronage
& X* C: b6 r2 B( a! p6 Y, d- {% v+ Y 190. Alternative markets
- G5 K% _! H g% B! `& a0 d- X" m 191. Alternative transportation systems1 P E$ J; K8 S$ U# s. F$ ?( p
192. Alternative economic institutions( e/ A8 B9 p- R' \
* W7 e, F8 z( z0 z4 o' @( a9 k
Political Intervention
: a9 Y2 ?4 Q% o" n& R( x" c- S 193. Overloading of administrative systems& E# Z7 m# c# F
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- i7 ?# ^6 N6 R1 ?5 @: L' }& x 195. Seeking imprisonment
/ E( y8 E0 p0 o( @ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% i- ]7 f0 M6 K; c3 M! t/ l, J 197. Work-on without collaboration4 v, Z, c4 h, B- f5 }$ m/ D
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 k- P/ [. |4 H( i: b
2 Q+ |" i' D P# s, Y
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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