 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ S/ K; q6 W* n! mFormal Statements3 u" d0 }1 n' b" B+ I1 V
1. Public Speeches* \) P- `6 X$ n* b2 {' u
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 |% O9 I7 n& u" F7 C2 ]7 R* k 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions @# \% v: \6 o8 v5 ]+ n
4. Signed public statements: ?' g/ i$ _; R
5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ }! A' D- W3 q3 p2 [) B$ Q5 B
6. Group or mass petitions
& h7 c( P" _2 \" R) v3 f6 N$ P) } A* X
Communications with a Wider Audience
* ~. _" x% g; d$ l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) l ]( V% ]! ?; y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, O# ^" b# E+ W7 |2 B
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 s" ]: z& J& U8 S/ r0 b 10. Newspapers and journals
, Z" j# F4 _/ o3 C2 c 11. Records, radio, and television Y' f/ {# y+ V1 s& s' t3 M
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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7 O3 C0 \6 K/ F- P+ h. S% r( iGroup Representations5 M1 `- ]! E, {! M
13. Deputations
( l" k! h6 v: a7 }: `/ A# K( r; V 14. Mock awards
( i4 c6 Q- n0 s. s& M4 i+ Q 15. Group lobbying
& V+ x @& A4 ~( ]* M ^ 16. Picketing- f/ q/ U3 h( z& v1 }6 Y" D+ w& D
17. Mock elections1 f8 r9 `+ `: k; J
: ?; V+ B( W" e$ R7 \Symbolic Public Acts
) l* B9 I2 W3 r* }. _7 q2 R 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 A' ^ [/ c. Z* K6 K9 H 19. Wearing of symbols
6 k8 p8 y9 z& N5 }/ H 20. Prayer and worship h# `4 J7 o! |2 K1 ^
21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 ?& o5 I( b* h 22. Protest disrobings
5 G. B# k' T' f F `2 u- V 23. Destruction of own property; d3 q, {; {1 P( w( M
24. Symbolic lights
; p1 I5 c. x4 t- ] 25. Displays of portraits
2 d( e1 l5 J: R7 L4 F 26. Paint as protest7 q+ O" l( j+ d( P7 E
27. New signs and names4 e/ c! ^# _, y3 h
28. Symbolic sounds
. p+ x1 ] M# t7 R4 Z! j 29. Symbolic reclamations& A) A! C1 n/ K w
30. Rude gestures
# \( o, G2 F2 B, F6 ~. n2 D# y+ x
$ i6 C) i' T6 ~2 a$ R$ z4 C# ZPressures on Individuals
* H0 k0 O% b4 _7 t8 \ 31. “Haunting” officials
' K7 q9 V/ Y1 a5 [ 32. Taunting officials7 q8 l( a3 O) `& Q% N& f
33. Fraternization
$ e* O( q* K$ f- H: X. n 34. Vigils
f4 Q' A$ x5 m2 I7 b2 W& o' n) {: ]! h7 I! s# b, d
Drama and Music
9 x+ s* l3 N) N8 g; o 35. Humorous skits and pranks
' w6 l, k# z, V: i% y+ e7 Z4 o 36. Performances of plays and music+ g9 r9 }9 @/ T3 r
37. Singing/ j. G% o% {2 p
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Processions
. b% p @( L" k8 }0 R 38. Marches) O7 X+ }/ F8 N) Q
39. Parades5 x$ F4 U# T9 f/ ~1 K
40. Religious processions' H: B$ } p1 S# P6 u' ]
41. Pilgrimages
9 A1 C# f" t0 R* p8 D- V, ~ 42. Motorcades( r, r1 Q4 E+ D7 E0 y. j
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Honoring the Dead6 F' l6 F3 c1 j b! @1 r( N
43. Political mourning, N+ h% ` c' ]' N3 d$ R
44. Mock funerals
# w; k0 ?% N+ {+ b# | 45. Demonstrative funerals. ?$ M0 I& c% H3 Q# {. G7 v. [$ A
46. Homage at burial places6 n) O. ]3 W; \- @ d
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Public Assemblies/ T0 @% k) c" V6 D: h
47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ m a& M6 a# i* y3 d 48. Protest meetings
! [9 ?- J/ S* k7 c+ B( @. T1 p 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" H1 z. ?+ J* R* @0 r% H 50. Teach-ins% N, [" h: E, I0 z" \
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Withdrawal and Renunciation( @4 J' r4 w+ g7 o
51. Walk-outs A0 C% j6 [- i2 s5 X
52. Silence
" Y; \; u* x* Z: w. Y! k 53. Renouncing honors3 l+ k4 O/ g$ ^: {
54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 o: n5 e6 F" X* ]
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1 e) f$ b H+ R L; N5 m; ?, K HOstracism of Persons- i5 q" G5 b) c
55. Social boycott
6 b# i! ~. d5 U. f# k 56. Selective social boycott; } _" I2 w/ m/ O2 l
57. Lysistratic nonaction3 `. d% ~4 _" Q4 P6 m4 {
58. Excommunication
- [+ h; a3 g! i7 Y- O 59. Interdict3 p2 V' `" t9 _& L
& C; g |% P, S" Z+ ]7 V, Q' _
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" K' v! s2 G$ S) h# \1 t8 H
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
1 L k! _$ S8 o" t C- G! | 61. Boycott of social affairs
1 N7 a6 ~0 G. l- x2 D) @ 62. Student strike
& {3 T$ j5 R1 ]' ]( p. C* r 63. Social disobedience1 y% `! ]& r' e4 D! b2 ~! Z: _
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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+ g y9 n. M' ^1 T! iWithdrawal from the Social System
: c s5 L J7 F& q 65. Stay-at-home* ?% x. T* E9 z5 p3 {+ v( w# J
66. Total personal noncooperation
8 M" P# \# [# i" ?- \ 67. “Flight” of workers4 J. x! x0 v% p+ w
68. Sanctuary' i& |) j6 E% _0 |# x( J) d5 w& Y9 k
69. Collective disappearance. r8 C5 j1 B1 }# U2 g: T
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- `, O6 m2 x: v1 B* K' S
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) D/ }4 [; U3 Z8 ]! KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; a% R/ \" o1 ?
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Actions by Consumers3 E! j S ~5 c7 y% h
71. Consumers’ boycott J; h# h i1 g2 }* x: h1 _
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! p, |1 }. m% U9 H! o; v 73. Policy of austerity/ s- J6 w) W) B: @% `( E
74. Rent withholding6 y$ Y1 k# }5 N0 P' Z
75. Refusal to rent! o% q9 e7 |2 {4 s
76. National consumers’ boycott% i" D! D' f5 z8 S
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 J' B D# w P+ Y: W0 y0 w' x5 Y% c6 f/ w8 _
Action by Workers and Producers
9 }+ H% `3 N2 U4 h 78. Workmen’s boycott
0 B/ O/ T. p+ ? 79. Producers’ boycott
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( y7 n& X, Z1 l8 ?# oAction by Middlemen
D8 }: B- b( Y O 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ @- S/ Y3 @5 x: q/ J: z3 d. ^4 Q7 H
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Action by Owners and Management6 p) X; b1 a1 \7 ?. y4 W
81. Traders’ boycott2 J+ `0 D' S# }1 O m! C
82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 \+ q, p v8 [% w0 h 83. Lockout
0 Y+ ?6 H5 \+ s" |; x" ?6 j 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: C/ G X) ^$ L+ }* C7 o 85. Merchants’ “general strike”# Z7 p; b( H) w8 [6 d# I! O* R3 o- C
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' x( f3 z' C' v3 [1 C" ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: ?) o7 F; i) G$ b
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. r1 v- b) g8 K( D* z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! h ~" O& Q. w, g3 j& q. @ 89. Severance of funds and credit
8 x& A7 R! K, d$ E v1 y' `9 N 90. Revenue refusal" {3 Q! ?+ T l
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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+ P: I% t3 Y2 mAction by Governments
- S, \1 ^4 x8 M; g D 92. Domestic embargo. F5 X$ K5 ?0 h. j0 Q' Z
93. Blacklisting of traders6 ~. M7 r; t4 Y% b
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 F$ _6 \% G4 x 95. International buyers’ embargo
% b: V, a+ G T* B 96. International trade embargo6 E+ K0 ]& \. S: l5 L) V
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7 f, V/ A0 o4 m; eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 W! P4 B& }; p& p8 T8 i
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Symbolic Strikes9 f+ H. e: f" [
97. Protest strike
: m& S4 \9 G) | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% O2 J Z* I# _$ ~+ [2 t6 j6 M2 e' h& S1 _* A% j. T7 K2 x
Agricultural Strikes% x2 O! l* i) \+ n+ ?( e
99. Peasant strike
* J2 x4 }3 V4 d 100. Farm Workers’ strike, ?6 I, E6 l$ ^5 m( U" ^2 ?) Q
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Strikes by Special Groups
* B6 Z5 @5 t! y) [; C: q! x 101. Refusal of impressed labor
: F: O6 j5 f9 S0 e+ X! L& Y$ U6 _8 E 102. Prisoners’ strike
: F& Q* d3 V" v2 e4 K 103. Craft strike& o& f8 {5 t0 |2 o0 t8 i
104. Professional strike% A: o0 M, l a* R$ j2 N+ ?
( e( u- o# _% |4 S. E: V0 F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes2 C. O0 V. c$ m, W A8 C" n
105. Establishment strike# p6 o' q0 s/ Q- U1 y$ M0 D) J
106. Industry strike
* n- l9 C9 M! I% H6 a% Q3 H$ F9 o 107. Sympathetic strike
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7 z' Z+ j( @, W6 sRestricted Strikes) V6 _9 h* C# O9 b* o+ ^8 S0 s
108. Detailed strike
8 k! Q! i+ v9 ?0 o1 \; B* P 109. Bumper strike
: k' T" Z$ a# U% [1 i5 G+ U$ z 110. Slowdown strike
& w* ^2 T2 H% E% Q4 M k" z 111. Working-to-rule strike
( \ d; q8 l6 g& _" p 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ P) s4 L! B* i. E9 ^* v
113. Strike by resignation5 w0 U0 r' I" T. y/ o& R! ]% x
114. Limited strike; |9 s6 t& y0 ]7 b6 K( y
115. Selective strike' E P4 D1 w6 Q# B& H+ ]
& h* m3 S8 m4 y' r/ {Multi-Industry Strikes
' Z' D6 b7 I$ ~* ?, W
! N. }/ `( c3 a 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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1 Z6 J% ?, Y* {, }3 L; I7 c% OCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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5 m. u# u) C9 J2 i* i! s 118. Hartal
5 v( ~/ i5 n0 h
- r9 u' k/ b. k0 m 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; l% `0 [- A0 \1 z+ |
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3 r: ?0 ~* W% X8 V% U7 QRejection of Authority
' `# W- D+ [+ p U7 R, q: a 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 e# s. A8 ?- k2 O: ?: E
121. Refusal of public support
5 `% E3 `7 s% f& t% k J# A 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% f7 Y2 Z) f( ~! e- i
7 Z2 a0 H$ V2 g2 FCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 ]' A0 L3 j2 B8 J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ H' C/ w! I. R2 D# V. R# E' c
124. Boycott of elections
. G7 K1 Q" B. B) h 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, A$ |7 t( K/ n6 ^) S9 t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" F8 W% R. B) X 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 n# L4 I! s% Y$ ^- S& R5 e, O 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; N4 u Y5 I2 I7 y6 s: D 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 g# f3 e% g* ]) Q- j& v
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ Z0 G `% [) ~8 L: e 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
X7 ]) W4 l. N5 k# X1 |2 L' u 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 e4 w; I+ Q1 x& g1 u/ d( v3 G
" x4 |6 V* M: M7 ACitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' f9 ~2 ]" h$ M# Y& k
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
% C9 b7 |- x* ^9 h1 _+ q }- d 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: \6 O) \: e; U* {$ N: S
135. Popular nonobedience) c: P" C- G9 _, \6 D$ y
136. Disguised disobedience/ K$ w) E- X4 h H+ Z2 S& P+ t
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
i! E4 P/ L, b/ C( L 138. Sitdown
. Y4 u4 v/ E- F; O6 j/ a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 K% r2 U! f# Q6 B 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 \7 \& m0 _5 k Q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# S$ ]0 b. N8 H4 ^1 `- H8 R1 |' }& I! ]5 e4 x" w+ g- K( V, f& y
Action by Government Personnel
' V; R4 |' O' j9 L# ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! E- C' G' F: k* V: B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 {( `' K4 j" _0 |* G
144. Stalling and obstruction
% v$ V' V/ q$ Z$ [ 145. General administrative noncooperation6 d. a; N0 i; c: z
( Q4 T. t# Z1 v9 J
146. Judicial noncooperation
8 `: p1 g7 e: v4 w 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ N7 d' X* d% z% I" a0 l# ^' W) O
148. Mutiny
O: L! U' i, iDomestic Governmental Action
5 ]' R+ F4 M$ i' r 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% U9 e2 Z3 @' z6 g 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
" @ z% S* v* ^4 U- c4 v$ M3 ?5 d; D& g9 n& U
International Governmental Action
/ r" S% A# T# X5 r0 J 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" V) D" W8 Q% n- C& B6 U6 N% s2 L7 C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 H. g1 ^' T% O( p5 K, `
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" V8 @' W; }/ E! S4 T% v
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* s% | d7 Y0 W2 ]6 H& {% V 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 W, F; A9 z7 M, N, R
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( `: L- }0 `9 y5 E- v7 b 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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& l% c% N( B- K# w+ n# Y% b" YTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' y7 t' d j& h( A6 o, t' M
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Psychological Intervention/ _, r7 z: V" K2 |0 A
158. Self-exposure to the elements8 M/ G S- S5 u7 Q* y2 b
159. The fast
2 L7 i: P/ S0 C, Y a) Fast of moral pressure# [2 `7 U4 Y. I0 ?7 P" }
b) Hunger strike
# t. r o0 K7 r c) Satyagrahic fast
) v, Y% Q( j1 ` 160. Reverse trial
* h2 i) L0 |+ Z1 x( _2 k& m 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
8 o' ?% t7 v4 q% i, p 162. Sit-in' \' J& P6 ]% s
163. Stand-in) K) e0 K% a: I, `; F/ T) ^
164. Ride-in& m# \; Z% Z% _ a' K* F
165. Wade-in0 u% }$ v) `# a. r/ B0 _
166. Mill-in1 D. T7 I0 q# u/ @
167. Pray-in
/ x8 ~3 c4 y0 _# l- V 168. Nonviolent raids t) M4 |' ]( p
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 ~" W3 B# |+ _; e. |3 l3 Y t 170. Nonviolent invasion7 U Z9 c* f! H+ S
171. Nonviolent interjection
+ y' s& p- k$ E5 Z- a. | 172. Nonviolent obstruction3 ^: E1 Q1 B) ~: k4 ^; z+ D. M' T
173. Nonviolent occupation; Z& p% C2 W2 g! Z+ q
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Social Intervention
( @4 Y: v% x# P, S 174. Establishing new social patterns
, A2 q. O! o4 c2 h* D 175. Overloading of facilities" v# e4 D3 f5 v" G' J6 d2 N
176. Stall-in3 [' N/ G# q' }
177. Speak-in! z* T$ g+ \' q6 u
178. Guerrilla theater H8 Q% [' r; E8 a$ F
179. Alternative social institutions) O' ]8 V- y* v: ?/ Z8 W
180. Alternative communication system
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! E; f8 C9 T( _6 i# G) o0 SEconomic Intervention: ~7 G- H6 E5 x
181. Reverse strike; D2 \' O) c2 ]% B, d: p* \& {
182. Stay-in strike
4 _& a3 c0 ]: M0 `8 y7 `4 v: j: ` 183. Nonviolent land seizure5 P9 i- @" j+ c( F) o
184. Defiance of blockades
_3 |* v- A9 l6 J; c: l 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 h# w6 C) `. D! u% i3 V
186. Preclusive purchasing- x3 x# Q) w @; T: d! ?9 y$ R
187. Seizure of assets% c" Y* H' g: g. j2 y( `. B
188. Dumping% z7 n" a0 K( W3 {; x) `0 I" r6 `
189. Selective patronage
0 C# n, O- V- W R' T+ g8 b Y! B* z: o 190. Alternative markets
4 L% r4 r2 [6 d( ?7 B2 I( { 191. Alternative transportation systems" G* ~+ v6 d+ \
192. Alternative economic institutions3 ^2 l/ r% ]5 ]5 G1 u G0 j
( f. }" V) e8 g2 ?: ^8 t
Political Intervention) Q3 T, H3 S. Q0 `
193. Overloading of administrative systems
- n* i- m' N4 p& S$ R! x% z' d/ i 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ I' W' I9 @! o- b6 h& O+ ^* P
195. Seeking imprisonment
5 w0 j# H; S4 g$ ~- B 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* b6 e% f% x& n" H) B9 q
197. Work-on without collaboration2 U' I; [" d! B, a( j# k1 u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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