 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 r; ]+ x! K/ u/ [
Formal Statements. b \0 u- s. g3 w6 N* y% @
1. Public Speeches
; k' ^8 Z' D; A9 q 2. Letters of opposition or support; \2 m+ r( E- O. ?* Z1 E
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& J; e# K. y% u5 L 4. Signed public statements
! i: G0 s! n& B' D; \ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# M8 K! D' h$ @: Q, K# \ 6. Group or mass petitions& Z$ D. v5 G. O' P& M! U+ o
8 k6 Q8 B$ k7 J, ^' jCommunications with a Wider Audience
* [! l4 O! }; R7 f9 U 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. ~# A; y# B% L5 R$ O8 \! p
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
i7 L3 r7 k7 O" l6 x 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books |! @+ [, f3 ]$ n" k
10. Newspapers and journals
3 Y, Y4 A5 g. l2 w 11. Records, radio, and television1 W$ P/ T$ A2 p; {' A5 G* b2 u
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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1 t8 r# g: u% m+ WGroup Representations
/ D0 O/ s. J& {, q. f( H 13. Deputations: a; Q: c0 F8 E" i4 k
14. Mock awards
0 o! K& T( | ?0 L# N8 l- ~# ^ 15. Group lobbying
( p8 V$ v/ J1 _7 _. ]3 J 16. Picketing: ?$ Z8 R5 [: j. W8 p+ L7 G9 ~" R7 R6 F
17. Mock elections4 X% B- u% z# Q2 o8 B. Y2 F) _* T
9 X7 R; y6 E2 X) ^& t8 u
Symbolic Public Acts
9 c5 _4 x) a z: Y5 F6 a; A/ M. d 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) z! t" G8 E2 h# e" ]; u 19. Wearing of symbols
+ ? d% }: f$ j0 n5 d 20. Prayer and worship0 ]3 | F' g* V0 i+ R. I; X9 K- W
21. Delivering symbolic objects2 ^4 _' a( y1 [; `3 i
22. Protest disrobings! H3 N; Q8 V2 u% `
23. Destruction of own property
% U6 J9 c6 [- z1 H 24. Symbolic lights
+ r, I/ Q8 a1 S8 e# F; F 25. Displays of portraits
5 V& Z" U8 X( x8 B! w9 U; R% q @ 26. Paint as protest/ B. X7 y7 B; S, E, r& q$ g
27. New signs and names
% Q3 B' U$ ~4 G 28. Symbolic sounds
# Z7 B1 g" P& ? 29. Symbolic reclamations
! D3 z3 H" g# d& t1 X$ O5 o1 e- V0 x 30. Rude gestures9 j2 ]6 b) i2 u9 G6 j, L, l
1 I# a! b+ ?! X" { r3 G
Pressures on Individuals! ]) J: x5 [9 s: R- a" }& K
31. “Haunting” officials- H( C& m( S$ ` b
32. Taunting officials
1 v8 v$ c: o8 p O c8 O 33. Fraternization
: l; C! R/ |$ _& A6 _ 34. Vigils
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Drama and Music
+ V) L0 J, e) K7 k# p 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 m7 O( D8 [6 P 36. Performances of plays and music. A4 ^% t a# Q4 v' o
37. Singing
j9 n. z/ |$ s2 y1 B, \# Q/ C; |* m* |4 V3 X6 x7 ]3 p! i
Processions
9 L% r5 X4 q8 D& l3 K* f7 e 38. Marches2 W- @ |( M0 h+ U
39. Parades
, V; ?4 K6 `, m$ C$ s/ t! Q9 ?9 b 40. Religious processions
. S; w% I c. x" D: q- U5 J 41. Pilgrimages
2 d' X4 |1 i8 H0 \5 f3 ~ 42. Motorcades
; {! y& `$ w0 a0 O, i% \$ v5 x3 [' R5 i3 L( Y; h% R" A7 I
Honoring the Dead
2 H$ B6 Y/ v' L 43. Political mourning- S% N" c6 q" ~7 h5 T
44. Mock funerals( c' [! S2 S5 r
45. Demonstrative funerals
( E$ ]; k5 s9 N1 e 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
( ?( G$ m, K9 u; @" o 47. Assemblies of protest or support/ Y) O+ w: g" w: Q% r
48. Protest meetings( Y" g3 K3 T! h: b4 S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 a! f4 h) c4 ~# s: r
50. Teach-ins
% i" S Q. J: @; R5 j1 ^
+ `. B2 O0 X1 l0 [# O+ h9 IWithdrawal and Renunciation
+ z4 K$ o% L) v3 J 51. Walk-outs0 w M- B- v5 G7 q, J
52. Silence
, j% R0 ^ L6 U" r( G 53. Renouncing honors/ P* C3 K& ?. U
54. Turning one’s back8 E+ B( [, E; t% b6 t6 ^$ }: L
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION v8 N$ I* Y% d# I+ `) k
! G4 h/ D5 M- I5 N
2 O+ ]5 q/ _" P" ]3 F/ M
% ?+ J- r' N: |0 `Ostracism of Persons
$ R' v) P6 {- V 55. Social boycott
G) e0 k4 V' g& G, Z 56. Selective social boycott5 P( }0 y! f' w. U
57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 u& F3 i! q0 {: n7 m* v7 F1 m 58. Excommunication/ }8 E. o2 S8 k4 u4 i
59. Interdict, @6 y/ H9 I0 R* D- b3 ^
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ K" B0 V6 S, z# y5 B 60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ H0 b- u. g; y# n/ w
61. Boycott of social affairs8 C+ f t- P0 L# j6 \( o
62. Student strike
9 g2 I: X( |7 k5 n- v 63. Social disobedience
, G" M m! \ k 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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^5 T6 m) a) @8 JWithdrawal from the Social System( y0 k/ ?$ Z+ ]: y8 s
65. Stay-at-home5 l6 D7 J# Q, a2 [2 V
66. Total personal noncooperation
2 c+ `1 k- i9 B# a4 G7 w2 p$ v 67. “Flight” of workers
( o. w5 o2 ]- V9 R( J$ G5 `! E( R 68. Sanctuary0 y' @) F7 ?8 ?' Q+ V' |) b+ ~6 U7 e
69. Collective disappearance
, X' E$ _! V4 d& ^5 i3 n" Z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) H) W& C( A, R
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Actions by Consumers/ a3 b% D$ V0 W. M% U
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 q8 }- ~' f: s0 W) i 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 e* K$ a4 n. W$ C5 B
73. Policy of austerity
4 Q9 o( G, q, {# Y 74. Rent withholding/ v8 j/ ~1 X4 I4 J N% [
75. Refusal to rent9 P% G. j/ z: n% v1 _
76. National consumers’ boycott
( h$ o& U3 w5 z; C+ ?8 n3 U# q 77. International consumers’ boycott
4 y4 X( q9 m# G" @) c
, f* i; B! M) tAction by Workers and Producers' ^1 q8 ]% A* x! V6 O1 @0 e- m, |
78. Workmen’s boycott) d# q; p V/ K* ^
79. Producers’ boycott2 p4 J0 F0 K- w& ?# s4 d
0 L: }6 E6 ^# T: V5 kAction by Middlemen
) @% r2 ]3 }$ ~ H+ T 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- D2 q1 G: q& v) p3 I" z0 P
! H& _ @% ^7 ~2 FAction by Owners and Management7 }$ v9 R" r! b0 h/ P a: I
81. Traders’ boycott
1 C j* m% A0 `3 t) F 82. Refusal to let or sell property+ k+ n& O6 N2 q1 p* b/ T- B
83. Lockout3 c5 z9 f- h" h) V
84. Refusal of industrial assistance( f& Q3 m( x: R: E
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ V$ r; ?7 U/ x8 I# R* E/ ]6 c1 G: _1 A, _: w
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& R' d+ `& W' |' i2 X
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( W2 M! q% z W 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
}1 Z7 x8 l8 G7 u1 u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: r$ ]0 T$ R; |+ l4 R* _, N
89. Severance of funds and credit
; H& `- ^) Y0 f) c8 ^ 90. Revenue refusal
2 P3 T) h1 B, w, a 91. Refusal of a government’s money+ o" M5 }- y* x$ c9 H+ X, P
O, l2 r; E7 g5 C2 l$ o+ ZAction by Governments
+ \1 c9 m! U: H9 A0 B `) I 92. Domestic embargo3 W4 @# Z5 s8 J7 R3 _4 j6 V6 }- |" c
93. Blacklisting of traders
/ R7 ?0 `$ J9 F( T4 f 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ m7 _ Q" P( f o* t 95. International buyers’ embargo
& @9 z! f# r& M' r# m4 h1 o* A 96. International trade embargo
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2 C) m& a( K- Z q6 x: }, vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 H$ R; G ~' a6 `
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. G t: q% p& Z6 vSymbolic Strikes
9 |& Q' T Q% Q4 Y8 L; y z 97. Protest strike
* U& t9 L, Y1 Y" n- f- c- @ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 V5 h- F, c5 z" o( U. e, P# B u1 A
( r, c" `& [. G" p0 eAgricultural Strikes# w# V( C( E) v" H, Y; @" a1 y5 ~
99. Peasant strike/ R I# }( u: T% e% X/ t: K- f: |
100. Farm Workers’ strike0 K K: [3 C% v& H5 V$ G
& S) Q2 p- o- o5 g2 o8 ]3 ~
Strikes by Special Groups/ ]% g$ H- x f8 G" ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor; m0 D$ n6 t# P2 j1 B, w
102. Prisoners’ strike( e S6 o: F! Q! D; a6 ?4 f
103. Craft strike1 h: p O! E5 |2 H
104. Professional strike
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8 L$ g3 `8 m4 `5 I; V! jOrdinary Industrial Strikes# B7 L& k7 ^, e# P$ ?
105. Establishment strike1 @1 M; Z* M3 r! H- @! B! |7 ?4 K
106. Industry strike
" b( v1 A+ p4 o 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes. L$ D! [( V' S& r2 D6 I& a
108. Detailed strike
& U$ [, ]# @0 i7 a. l" ? 109. Bumper strike; K8 |8 a& |5 w) c9 s
110. Slowdown strike
$ U. D/ U# p$ n0 Q: b8 B& \, k 111. Working-to-rule strike
% l R2 v/ k. P% G& n9 {- d0 Y6 ] 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( ? y5 C' B6 y$ [5 N, T 113. Strike by resignation
; Z! r+ u: C+ K 114. Limited strike
6 z ^5 _" A1 `7 i1 j/ \' D, \( R 115. Selective strike u0 j4 t/ z* q0 y$ ?! u
, x. a) F, D9 H3 t' p1 rMulti-Industry Strikes: _ z \& z9 I6 e+ h0 X1 N
2 t( ~) y p4 W* x 116. Generalized strike
3 c' k" W5 C+ S' C8 k' ? C
+ F& L! u% W7 }2 d. Q% L4 i 117. General strike! b: g, c" k6 Q( H6 s
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 _- w2 @/ Z: A* l
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Rejection of Authority
8 _8 J% _+ f0 K 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 h! l; U3 d- o- G6 V9 X; ~ 121. Refusal of public support
" Q5 F; B5 r* h4 P3 | [ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 q! x T: k' p* m) \# I! P
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* ?5 V% _" C$ f( ]- ~ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* K: W1 j% b3 ~ h0 L/ C3 G! c 124. Boycott of elections
6 H' D# t0 X- M$ E# I$ F 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. k# \4 r2 Y! [# G6 } 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( v* M- e( q0 \. N- f
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 S9 P: q1 n; l8 C$ ` 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 W3 n' E# A: D" G
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 l* w: n# X8 B c" E& s 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' n/ |& Z. p* Z/ N( V 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) }! b3 N/ I; z! a
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 }7 A _. z0 X
8 v+ M+ f5 w# s) j% _ @0 H' O9 gCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ T) i" }$ }3 N6 }% {& T8 R- t0 a 133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 c* {0 \2 Y" y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 B5 H2 I8 N* W/ B% O1 d. d
135. Popular nonobedience6 H( ^8 L- w* Z: N
136. Disguised disobedience' r l1 }" y9 m1 ]. J+ q
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: U3 t7 B" u5 ~6 |+ E+ Q; W
138. Sitdown
* Y9 x+ V/ c. f$ R 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 }4 U+ B, [6 |& a& H% N8 L4 d) ] 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# u* f _3 ?, v; L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& U& _7 k5 O% }$ k6 A! R( f: k7 V* f. O: \# i6 x
Action by Government Personnel- A! V; v7 r; B/ y3 t. k7 E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- e" o! E( H) p' c# F8 _" @" Y 143. Blocking of lines of command and information" Z9 ?$ s9 N* u$ b/ b) X
144. Stalling and obstruction
) J+ z- Q, l e' c* S% f7 n# g. D' s 145. General administrative noncooperation
% C8 I* k* r4 A& J5 f+ o6 t- G4 V R+ `
146. Judicial noncooperation
0 B' z# j" Y- y& A& A0 [ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
{' R! }, I, k: D- a 148. Mutiny
0 f' S0 e& I3 m+ B+ uDomestic Governmental Action% F* t6 }) P- u" k# f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- w* m* L+ y. c0 @: Z' X 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
1 p' P1 O3 @- y# v8 m( p# E5 ?' z
$ r% X, ?9 @/ g/ U0 X0 \International Governmental Action5 F9 `" v3 y( ]' _1 r- O" |5 U
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 Y; z1 S- [' t, }9 K9 g' K- I 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. A$ j' z: u: I: d$ F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 G& a4 x8 A% o' p6 z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" P" M. b1 _" h, A
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 I3 J/ J' a" H+ H5 i" b: ]0 |# S 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies! L% x, L/ A0 b: D& N1 }* N
157. Expulsion from international organizations0 |6 ~+ I5 o2 e; d
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. p0 j- J4 ^5 T! P# [; uTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( S& x) a$ \) k9 l3 _; B/ q- s' c
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& S$ ~7 o3 n' j$ R8 v5 ^
Psychological Intervention
" E# ~9 l4 g Y* @4 r0 N 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ l+ L, y+ j: }" \4 M! |
159. The fast
5 G: ]- Z9 c) z1 B4 [4 r a) Fast of moral pressure
G e- Q3 [+ \7 L# p0 M& x7 } b) Hunger strike1 h- `- {2 m5 ]/ u( g1 t2 m9 j4 g7 V
c) Satyagrahic fast
8 |+ `* t, q* v$ p: @ 160. Reverse trial( B5 q( y) F- ?# D
161. Nonviolent harassment
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2 M3 }7 d0 ?1 [0 YPhysical Intervention. J9 B. q1 O: c! Y( W( N$ V8 i
162. Sit-in. {4 R4 ?4 P7 }$ Y1 W
163. Stand-in
- B# V( u; `6 L( L. E+ u4 U 164. Ride-in
; D' }3 l3 C) v. R 165. Wade-in5 {" U6 k# i( S9 }- ^
166. Mill-in) e) l; N0 s- r4 w8 w1 y R
167. Pray-in
7 {% u9 E2 e5 |. [ 168. Nonviolent raids: O: }4 b9 a& a. ~
169. Nonviolent air raids0 ? L% O# g8 }/ u
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 @) Y1 _+ ?* n+ `+ K: A) s 171. Nonviolent interjection
- J! T. o9 q5 I 172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ r' ^% a A. W% v$ e2 g 173. Nonviolent occupation. S, \; }9 F7 h
" p6 |) F7 e' WSocial Intervention% x* Z! J4 F6 J' Z' _+ z7 y
174. Establishing new social patterns
% G& `( b; q, x: o2 I' e8 d; [% I 175. Overloading of facilities- \- r2 U: O. V2 [- ~
176. Stall-in9 V, J1 r: L ]; l3 G I" Y
177. Speak-in
% d: Y5 H* |# S% p3 k% o8 _ 178. Guerrilla theater! L' h* @+ f. A$ r6 X; G1 w. Y) P% z
179. Alternative social institutions7 g' C0 h4 d; R4 n$ N' g! q, f
180. Alternative communication system. \0 }& D* n6 S9 A* X/ u" C5 V
0 J2 k! q8 ]& m3 A1 l
Economic Intervention& o2 p# P! g* n9 }: G
181. Reverse strike7 I4 \6 C; F8 U" Q `
182. Stay-in strike
8 }( M1 d, [4 D* v) T5 q" K 183. Nonviolent land seizure7 W* p: X4 I! n5 J) n# k* K4 U
184. Defiance of blockades! @' V- F$ U/ o& m
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting V0 ~9 v' W" q1 ^( s- z ~
186. Preclusive purchasing# H. B) M! v, @, n- N. G3 f& G
187. Seizure of assets
* k) C1 J% z2 r: y) v" l1 e 188. Dumping
5 [6 z- |( W/ i% E! O7 P 189. Selective patronage
. M7 ?0 ]: t, T5 |3 @2 g 190. Alternative markets
& d8 e4 D3 e: K+ S 191. Alternative transportation systems
4 Z, x; v; ?) q3 u" q% B6 U& M1 Q 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 w) q' i* B* m& R8 T8 C/ t8 p9 V7 i. g4 l5 _5 Q
Political Intervention
. \ m/ g5 ]/ ~) x8 W+ d' L- ^ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 i; f) l5 w; Q# ` 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; A# U4 c+ R3 {, O) X 195. Seeking imprisonment
! v* H( C; ]3 m% `/ k 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- D. K0 F* R/ H1 p9 K! a0 B 197. Work-on without collaboration9 q1 [$ s8 c; D6 J
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
