 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& L$ p+ `0 L: g! R9 @
Formal Statements
, d! J9 d% x( d 1. Public Speeches
0 `7 P0 [+ g, _2 L' D% t# Q 2. Letters of opposition or support
' C. N& q! R; r4 ` t/ d* v, T 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& ]" Y$ M% P3 H0 [* Q4 u 4. Signed public statements
. o. R y9 C$ C* x8 ^0 p 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, Y5 ?2 L" H/ v# i2 d4 d/ V m 6. Group or mass petitions
4 h$ ^# W3 i, A' f* I# ?# t; P) ~& ^" Q% E, M0 Z/ j
Communications with a Wider Audience
; c) ?5 ^: @& j' ~# U! a 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 X$ ~0 {- X$ ~
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 t+ U5 G+ B8 \7 F
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" i; E+ z8 ~/ U$ y) t 10. Newspapers and journals. N+ p, P. ]) f7 y7 b( T+ g
11. Records, radio, and television
1 f+ R6 a2 G' }$ `) G2 @ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 `3 G/ l, \* |/ x: w" f% o
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Group Representations
. O/ z/ @; |9 n$ L 13. Deputations
- d- S/ H+ g+ G+ {$ x6 e 14. Mock awards* [# d0 E$ R* @0 s1 v8 Y
15. Group lobbying% G' E) o! d$ B$ ^* x/ n
16. Picketing
, B [: @1 P; G3 _$ p! d" }- F 17. Mock elections
% b# d7 u; @' \" x9 W, M# u L; a, ~
T0 p3 p1 |" v- [, ~& [Symbolic Public Acts2 o7 ?* o/ u5 M" c8 s$ c; B
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; p) B2 K ?' w9 k; `/ o' s1 R
19. Wearing of symbols6 ?* ^1 y1 J7 s+ e4 A
20. Prayer and worship, g3 V3 x! f) E* z0 t& Z
21. Delivering symbolic objects
W! E/ I2 T( ]' V5 n8 u; t @1 M 22. Protest disrobings
, S% |. e( g5 x, ^; Z2 P( @ 23. Destruction of own property
3 J1 [- t/ t5 R 24. Symbolic lights8 s d/ f4 u, c$ t
25. Displays of portraits t3 C; _' w' B5 t
26. Paint as protest& N8 F% |8 D$ ~# D: h" _' s( l
27. New signs and names5 z- a8 j' y; V( E2 i& `5 g
28. Symbolic sounds) ?) n7 f( c1 U
29. Symbolic reclamations* g, T: S- P9 K% M3 b
30. Rude gestures7 r/ M' a3 V0 [' |9 J
. {7 {2 g. ?( k. UPressures on Individuals: U' i Q; I& z L; u
31. “Haunting” officials
6 B* C1 Z9 p' P5 {2 t- T+ u1 ^6 T 32. Taunting officials
6 d' ^0 P6 s9 e) n- c8 q 33. Fraternization. \ K% w, j Z; z! t
34. Vigils/ j4 q1 ^- Y) B2 b
5 O$ b$ @3 P- o$ o( u! C) ZDrama and Music9 d, k# ^5 E0 D1 I6 F9 G! x
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 S; e' U# M0 }- \- _+ b0 h5 o
36. Performances of plays and music9 [5 U4 U" ]% U. ?
37. Singing
0 m' ^/ T) Q. ?: ~5 q+ j/ f+ v. U3 t5 S, c2 N- x- n8 e
Processions
& l" e0 k1 J* J% Y8 [. ]# B 38. Marches4 c1 m; }0 O% A& K$ T6 c5 U
39. Parades! [; L5 p4 Z8 b$ @. ]2 H% E
40. Religious processions
4 `+ D9 z" {! ^% z& O 41. Pilgrimages
0 _* A0 D0 ?& \% Y 42. Motorcades
& w) U3 `3 D5 u0 X
" k/ J4 d7 n/ L* QHonoring the Dead
3 \8 S, F; N& E$ y 43. Political mourning
, S3 q6 b! X. l. e- a 44. Mock funerals
. r. ?) [9 N. Q7 k" x: s 45. Demonstrative funerals
3 A0 ~" P) x% `* S2 ~( D) B. J" X 46. Homage at burial places' c! g& t3 u9 b" {' j: R
3 m3 ~$ B6 [; s6 m2 cPublic Assemblies5 p. d( Y7 r; G/ ]0 A
47. Assemblies of protest or support* |* B3 d( Q" g0 R! b9 ]9 q
48. Protest meetings' B7 X: J4 _. s6 y' }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 C( Y4 c* I. v 50. Teach-ins
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+ R1 Q0 g" q8 i7 }- Y0 sWithdrawal and Renunciation, G1 q# Y. y" _. b! h. H
51. Walk-outs5 U+ n# |0 b: V3 ~/ r1 R
52. Silence
0 t. N% A3 J, V' U 53. Renouncing honors
- Y6 y7 e$ h) K( \) _ 54. Turning one’s back
& K. w$ n( R0 E' G- w* y: A# D0 j" u0 i
6 T* G7 x s$ V
3 P* r5 |0 b, K. R4 [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 N- b* h2 i: j0 @0 ] ?
7 D' B- K) @, ?, _' J4 u1 O 0 {; G: Z( _8 w& O
9 N" Q& m' S, f! e# n& X8 ]6 v
Ostracism of Persons; ^2 u" p; T1 V6 J% E5 t+ a# W2 T6 E. y
55. Social boycott' n; Q; ^+ l7 ?# n! l- C$ c
56. Selective social boycott' W& B: ~1 a4 F8 U. l! o* g
57. Lysistratic nonaction
- E% {6 O4 G" |! m: y' E 58. Excommunication u! O: Y- v1 x9 K& N
59. Interdict
5 m1 [& @* I0 z5 z7 f
) y8 J$ q E8 T* w1 lNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( m% e0 y0 ?% B$ q' Z. w 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( ^ m/ F1 O( Z% Y/ K E" k, a 61. Boycott of social affairs' M. J! i6 s4 _. K
62. Student strike
) y3 p6 J" E3 N+ f8 R 63. Social disobedience( g" `* ^+ h' z' F4 n
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
+ p: C; }2 ]1 e5 D; n9 j) Z% E B) ^% c! q
Withdrawal from the Social System
2 V2 G4 M, F8 R3 P 65. Stay-at-home
) B8 P7 a# X4 `% z3 e1 Q 66. Total personal noncooperation
) L1 A3 H: H. r: v6 Y2 x 67. “Flight” of workers$ N; l6 q% I% w% x( D8 h7 j
68. Sanctuary1 c7 X+ c% j4 x# c8 s& s
69. Collective disappearance2 E- v4 j; m% V4 A6 {( `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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( j7 r8 k7 h4 I9 N6 m# S: ^
# J' o3 k+ L' m5 JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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@1 w2 n# `2 `' y" ^( J5 c! yActions by Consumers
; j1 u# g. H& P, r; ~# U 71. Consumers’ boycott7 V& U6 N; {1 S% j
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# d% l1 g" M9 \2 Y 73. Policy of austerity+ R; g6 o1 }- u$ @5 k2 }$ A. S) w, R
74. Rent withholding
* c6 V" M6 x4 C7 y; j6 {. N 75. Refusal to rent
0 [- C I9 u* h! \8 c) z- H5 s 76. National consumers’ boycott4 B: W6 U; f: r4 j: U
77. International consumers’ boycott1 [/ Q0 N2 P7 h$ [
?5 g7 m1 D1 Z# {: ~1 a
Action by Workers and Producers
) p( M6 t4 R" O7 u9 j 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ m0 E# c# d6 G, m 79. Producers’ boycott
) e/ b/ \) E' ~0 \$ X+ _$ i+ _7 Q' G/ f# ^8 m/ W
Action by Middlemen
I0 f! S5 a& `+ |" f- y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management/ J3 k) w; c3 ^& I, c) W
81. Traders’ boycott
% B t+ i9 D1 W2 L$ B 82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 e' W# m* U0 @% g+ _, C 83. Lockout
) t$ Y7 u# t4 V6 R0 k- n 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 R* k3 y* K& K" y' o8 x 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; h9 I' f& a$ f# K4 D7 @+ s5 U
# D% {1 a! ?. z! D. `0 a& k/ ?
Action by Holders of Financial Resources) ?1 j; b: _5 \4 F( X* Y4 p x
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* I, q) S1 n' u 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( d1 y/ ?7 ^; |" R8 h( o+ F" N& U( g 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 |0 R) R% S3 T
89. Severance of funds and credit1 Y# ~ ~/ q- T
90. Revenue refusal: ]4 Q9 f9 E& h' {5 I+ L
91. Refusal of a government’s money
( |3 E+ o9 x9 _: w4 q6 O5 I6 ~4 t# z
Action by Governments
: G$ o/ H$ p+ P" V `0 w0 c 92. Domestic embargo; ~' o( B, L5 j: s' G
93. Blacklisting of traders
4 F, H6 G1 P- t# R. e 94. International sellers’ embargo
* o6 n7 g+ v" X; R+ [$ g* X 95. International buyers’ embargo
( J. U3 r/ }& W" E! ^ 96. International trade embargo5 E% P6 i$ A8 b) p) g# n+ u9 M
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 L5 f% z! k1 Y* O& x4 o/ Z1 T
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5 Z, d+ E6 a$ L: N/ uSymbolic Strikes
0 W+ U# ~6 W# k0 w! H 97. Protest strike
* r: D+ R5 _; ]% j8 s: N9 w0 m% ~ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- I: X# m8 D) B% e' R" l: i) \3 @6 F* p
Agricultural Strikes- z. w& W4 a$ L& B) _% V* m& P1 C
99. Peasant strike
" Y( j; n9 t+ J7 w3 X 100. Farm Workers’ strike, U3 e9 Z& @$ x
3 @3 P& g% _% f' ^% z' G" h5 E1 cStrikes by Special Groups
5 b5 c/ z+ Q) V4 {: t- Q 101. Refusal of impressed labor
J* T1 Z* @4 \+ I# H 102. Prisoners’ strike, A( q4 [% z$ @% l$ p9 S. ]: Q
103. Craft strike
6 N; i7 G4 r) r# Q* F 104. Professional strike0 v* s9 i: ^2 v
; U2 H6 |% H$ w6 D- e3 B
Ordinary Industrial Strikes! s& s8 \2 N! p0 f! S: D2 h& L6 H
105. Establishment strike
# s4 y; Z, j! N+ {' @) N2 S n 106. Industry strike
+ n6 \+ [: Z2 | V 107. Sympathetic strike% R; a0 [" e' Y, ?* c m) ]
% M2 w) S( I. G- [
Restricted Strikes: r( ^* p% k! r) f; M7 U
108. Detailed strike# ]9 q2 B& G/ u" d+ U
109. Bumper strike
6 \. ~) {0 q: f/ u6 d+ L5 b 110. Slowdown strike
% A6 x! A5 I: e6 o7 _6 N" u 111. Working-to-rule strike
0 p' L. Y; D0 C6 r K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ H# t: P* W8 @0 w( e: j+ q4 [4 F 113. Strike by resignation. l4 ?: R: b9 u w& N5 e) w
114. Limited strike
& v$ m* O& n/ A, Q4 |! @) O 115. Selective strike
" w* b7 t& Q, I8 m9 ]; |) h) H% v7 F6 J1 V
Multi-Industry Strikes) @2 Y' _% @* J, s! u
9 S; W* {& q1 w0 f Y# C, j# T1 i
116. Generalized strike
5 D" h/ x# B! m C* K
( |9 _: W- f& b! I 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures& I0 |& ]' `( [! U
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118. Hartal o! f0 z1 |/ M" y
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119. Economic shutdown
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# x, n* v4 [8 f& b. J- i' m3 N4 U v4 V1 O
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! k7 j) p4 g! w. ]
z6 N- `1 |8 p" ?8 h 3 O/ C$ A2 a- ^1 N# \
Rejection of Authority
+ Q' w; Q x- @% W7 K( e% S0 R 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' {' F4 I+ J: T: p4 Y4 k& d6 O# C$ a9 |
121. Refusal of public support
8 @0 Z+ Q% W. f- A" B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 ?) R! @ b+ W
# d [. O* u6 h# D QCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% F: I, J: H5 W, w& e 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 H R0 b1 v+ m% w 124. Boycott of elections0 H" D6 {; Z. L; n; w
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 V# o* g1 y5 s( Q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- u; b6 D" C$ O) F3 x. ^ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 h S( v2 o5 k4 [+ X
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 Q6 S- A$ B0 q: I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" Q" l# T" s) g: d' _! ] 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" V- F7 W# O4 v0 ^6 l2 M# X 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 T/ b8 b2 `% F0 B) E: x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 t* ~$ l5 l9 M9 ]+ \# d
) ]" N% t5 c( S) s' D/ k: `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 w3 N4 @3 T2 o; ~7 r5 V% ` P 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ H2 G2 H4 F+ i1 x E 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 y- n) g. u. E) I 135. Popular nonobedience$ S" T8 [! U T1 K# S
136. Disguised disobedience
' P- v9 P$ D8 ?- [. ^ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! p. k6 g/ P* q2 H; H 138. Sitdown' O% B4 y3 h+ d l- c: V8 l/ _8 A
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 h; o$ w/ U, z8 ?' k 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 N" C+ Z# g2 U; h6 }9 x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ V9 \! g9 R8 Z3 ~9 W
|# C: w0 R, R6 P* B1 _) L, QAction by Government Personnel9 Q; g3 r0 I( U9 x# i4 {5 X
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 }" \7 @: x" K: ` 143. Blocking of lines of command and information& z. N+ k8 n3 C7 W* c5 _0 I1 l
144. Stalling and obstruction/ ?7 B3 n* i7 j# P& P
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ [# E1 F9 G& s& R0 E# {5 H) t2 w; c# w4 O' `: S
146. Judicial noncooperation5 d) n4 B- E8 m# G$ O- C
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 E [( o3 B1 {4 Z" z 148. Mutiny6 h* z! L8 h/ V9 Y! ^
Domestic Governmental Action
$ f s0 {9 T4 K, @, b 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; w: Q" | M$ A" ?) ?! z* J0 A5 B
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 \$ r: q+ d1 b6 f# F# A3 z$ J( I
4 ]5 Y! z! Y/ n# ^International Governmental Action
6 `# j* l1 D) v! q) u 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. z9 S$ {$ g: F. T. T- } 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ d% N' P+ h' \$ s/ W7 a" y
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, }9 v7 E) P2 o0 P
154. Severance of diplomatic relations; Y& A' R6 a8 j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 Q5 ?( [4 z% W- J4 B$ ^ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies! Q0 P0 F* D% Y( K" v! i
157. Expulsion from international organizations1 y$ m& u9 Q3 u- C& \3 N" n" \/ p4 w1 b
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- |) c' n) r0 j3 b+ S k; _
3 S+ i4 o- M% ?1 e) {- o8 x& J) s 5 Z# R) i, l/ Y/ I
Psychological Intervention' B+ p. `3 ^/ d T" |+ B b" }' I0 k- a
158. Self-exposure to the elements* [$ F0 R4 {! f! C' b* x* a" p
159. The fast
/ |+ @( Y4 I" r5 c; c$ {* {, g a) Fast of moral pressure
) {4 [3 D" k0 j! U/ r! m5 [, U b) Hunger strike, Z8 H* ?8 g" ?3 Y
c) Satyagrahic fast
" A( b3 k, w1 N 160. Reverse trial
6 i7 x: ]3 E2 @; J) w t 161. Nonviolent harassment0 A$ D$ [- q$ R. ?0 V! C9 ?( z
& U$ ~# d% ] x2 u
Physical Intervention4 l- ]! P& x% Q* p; T; s$ k
162. Sit-in
9 G f0 P6 K- |# z8 t7 s 163. Stand-in
7 l# B- d( t/ i5 Q8 s, v 164. Ride-in) k9 I; o7 s+ P6 E* }
165. Wade-in
, A9 k/ N# x5 d7 `2 J6 X4 Z2 w 166. Mill-in
# s6 B+ u7 L/ S 167. Pray-in
5 W$ k2 Y" B6 B 168. Nonviolent raids+ a* j$ t& l! ^& r- F: a
169. Nonviolent air raids1 ?6 t$ q/ w0 x0 B3 G7 ^
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 v& N! ^1 r! {1 ^# w 171. Nonviolent interjection
: b0 p9 }- {3 w 172. Nonviolent obstruction
- k4 s$ B# M2 c' q 173. Nonviolent occupation: P+ i, e) @5 y O9 f% M
) t3 r) o$ u* S5 xSocial Intervention! _/ ~& S4 A, O& e# l0 c* F
174. Establishing new social patterns
- |8 Y( `2 y* _3 ?9 _3 ? 175. Overloading of facilities
1 t4 v+ T9 V. n; l* M 176. Stall-in) z3 ~' p2 C* P. ~: D- \2 {- Z
177. Speak-in
8 |$ a; H. P2 s0 K: x8 S$ Z 178. Guerrilla theater) M6 }- W8 o( G/ t4 b
179. Alternative social institutions8 E1 W. u" W! ?, M4 k' O
180. Alternative communication system
) {9 ?0 ~. h( X
8 _$ z0 M( k( zEconomic Intervention5 B# V5 d0 Y9 U$ ~( j7 T: Q
181. Reverse strike
) R& r( F+ K+ z 182. Stay-in strike
! b1 J' { h k 183. Nonviolent land seizure( k( E v' _& M. ]! u
184. Defiance of blockades: n; t: t) q* K: e
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 x$ Q3 a" H9 g1 @, k
186. Preclusive purchasing
t$ b% F* \# @1 Z4 _ 187. Seizure of assets
* [) [/ T2 L+ H: [ 188. Dumping5 [5 }: p% o: A' z
189. Selective patronage
* y. _( G& X1 d* P# {0 `" N$ q 190. Alternative markets
7 h2 P& d! Q8 R! ~ 191. Alternative transportation systems8 u9 l. \; m1 B1 q
192. Alternative economic institutions
" @) B: [$ B6 Q3 r% X3 s+ @+ ?
8 ]( i0 @8 W. i$ oPolitical Intervention
$ x I. @! S$ ? 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 m- s" ]$ b% ~7 h% b" h 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 Q5 C% m }2 s5 c/ p& i$ S1 F
195. Seeking imprisonment
D- c8 Q9 w% a6 c j, H 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& }( |0 L6 K% n1 O8 a+ I) N* I
197. Work-on without collaboration; Q5 {/ Q h6 G0 z a$ e+ _
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( A- m( H9 g5 Z- m& ~
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
