 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
7 t0 l+ G$ {) uFormal Statements2 _. R$ {( m D& c& D5 D' _
1. Public Speeches
3 _$ K' S. T, { 2. Letters of opposition or support
e5 j1 E% H) l 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* b9 |7 N% K% y/ O% j
4. Signed public statements
4 K% r2 U! y; B$ ^ x u 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- p7 x8 R7 O6 O2 j& [ 6. Group or mass petitions
; u8 o* m# U& @1 ~7 w2 h
, {+ J5 `3 q' r+ }1 n2 S ~* S4 nCommunications with a Wider Audience
) p' {( O9 k( k/ \6 j9 F& @ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) s2 w# v9 Z" K( ~, l# O
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 e% R4 D/ {! M
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books/ f( e" R* n& m0 U, d
10. Newspapers and journals6 K% `% Q: J- V
11. Records, radio, and television
* o& l' [, V9 \/ u( E Q u* U+ }2 B( n) ^ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 q5 b/ [; q( c9 b# q' {' k* J. i
+ @3 O- m* M# ]" B) K9 O# BGroup Representations
, d; t! K# t+ `8 c% @& t p 13. Deputations
9 x) f/ q" c9 c9 y& w 14. Mock awards
* n% h2 M. A( R$ M9 r) p 15. Group lobbying- W7 ?# Z# v9 `; ]/ e& s* t
16. Picketing
& ?' r9 Q) w1 }( X$ s$ t* d* g 17. Mock elections
% d. q0 Q) L5 B0 i% y$ q A$ k8 X4 C0 d& j0 c
Symbolic Public Acts2 i j# s& F' O. |0 p/ c
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. v' }: [' h2 w; g* B
19. Wearing of symbols
7 m2 A" k! l2 \' p7 d+ ?# b/ s! \ 20. Prayer and worship+ M) ]1 u- b3 U: H. c1 b' e
21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 ?- O9 z; Z( T, u. l, a 22. Protest disrobings! b$ w' n- Q' P$ r* C( y0 T/ a, q
23. Destruction of own property
- O8 _4 @0 W* b6 a! t/ G# O8 Q4 { 24. Symbolic lights
5 f( t3 v6 T( U2 I: ^6 A# a 25. Displays of portraits
( _2 z' Y- ]( I4 P 26. Paint as protest
8 s o! u, K: e2 ~% G# a 27. New signs and names1 c& f( s# g; n" t
28. Symbolic sounds
5 U" w; G# l6 t( V 29. Symbolic reclamations/ {0 I$ V u% O( Z2 n7 N
30. Rude gestures
. S% z! f1 O) | ^/ E7 P D9 B5 q4 V" B6 H1 ^
Pressures on Individuals
8 k9 F1 H/ R# G5 B G 31. “Haunting” officials$ _- }0 t4 x- ^0 a
32. Taunting officials' o+ o" S8 ?; _" I
33. Fraternization
# o$ e7 ?; ~' J! ] 34. Vigils3 h- q. m' _, I. ?$ C( `3 Y0 L
! Y# {( B J% I$ j/ m4 iDrama and Music
4 L' }) R1 k8 k; @ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 O2 E" S; T: `$ z' G( z3 Z! ?" Z4 r% s+ R 36. Performances of plays and music
% n& e0 ^- |+ q/ y* h 37. Singing
9 Y) O+ o6 ]" V. K+ R& t/ \0 B& E }2 K
Processions
7 _& ?1 S* K" x! j# j% R6 T7 f3 \ 38. Marches1 j; w* b9 n- G* Y0 i
39. Parades
& ^. K$ D8 b3 e# k! Z1 ]# L/ F 40. Religious processions0 X( g. }: o8 j; s5 c6 }
41. Pilgrimages' {8 M4 Y% n" w' X. Y2 I& Y
42. Motorcades" E+ V( g* X& X: E9 C! @' ?* Z
+ f4 G) }* o. ^$ G( O" |6 J
Honoring the Dead1 l3 _) L+ [4 v( T
43. Political mourning" o& i0 R- }1 R( {, `6 `
44. Mock funerals
! ^( C+ Y2 z* x0 A 45. Demonstrative funerals
( b9 W8 S$ a5 O" ~% f 46. Homage at burial places
$ d1 ^: s4 Z/ n6 l2 o. S7 E
+ K- n! Y" Z( E: c6 jPublic Assemblies6 M1 n& L8 i; g7 v( d
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- S" ~7 U, W2 N6 I/ x) A 48. Protest meetings
+ l+ x5 V3 F& e6 A 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! v, e. J F. f$ j4 O5 K 50. Teach-ins
2 `7 @( e4 {3 m6 }+ b4 H
5 I; d* C8 s! {Withdrawal and Renunciation) Q0 z( o1 Y6 S
51. Walk-outs* o) A# _8 R$ S1 ] C5 Y
52. Silence
& ]( s3 }4 g% Z- ]% Y 53. Renouncing honors, P D* o! V4 |. m0 C+ u
54. Turning one’s back, p3 ]5 w; a2 t2 Q4 D3 g5 i
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`+ a6 @5 k, M; k* a8 GTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 Y+ V7 Q- a B o8 K7 l) t
; t$ t: X, c1 U3 F
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0 f. U# i2 m% ]0 dOstracism of Persons
; p3 M1 } Q X5 G8 A6 M. f/ Z4 t* ? 55. Social boycott
" d6 Y7 o# @9 `' \5 ?7 l 56. Selective social boycott
* O: ~8 H; _! `4 w 57. Lysistratic nonaction( O8 c6 [2 X6 `- t/ m- Y% G
58. Excommunication( r, x0 _/ L0 D' C6 k% g
59. Interdict1 X$ v0 |! @% w/ @
: d) x2 t! M4 m8 INoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! S Y. ?: p7 L
60. Suspension of social and sports activities. p. f" r2 ^; w8 V( m
61. Boycott of social affairs O: s/ b# g( r" i
62. Student strike
$ ~: a! s9 y1 j y 63. Social disobedience
3 F- D; D1 k0 D* ~/ O* y& p 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 W) A: W; B% K! ?7 A ]' b4 e/ a9 i5 f/ O% c+ j [! Y) d$ c
Withdrawal from the Social System
9 t* z* Z' w- l 65. Stay-at-home
& A! [' k5 v4 ^% ~ 66. Total personal noncooperation; t, f8 F: _1 G* f e% v% @
67. “Flight” of workers
) g. @$ O1 A+ Y. c) U 68. Sanctuary6 c( K) B2 e/ N8 a+ s/ E
69. Collective disappearance( Q- z- \2 j6 a, l5 n7 ~
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 v3 p% y1 W9 g3 O0 W
% Z$ E/ {) t1 ^8 @; i/ L
1 @1 k' E) A: Z2 }$ k' X
. c& ^' l' L0 [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
. G$ ?- t, o# H4 R3 o) r 71. Consumers’ boycott
( c9 K% o' v- o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ F4 Y e( J! c. {
73. Policy of austerity- n' {3 P. ~. D* x& U
74. Rent withholding" w1 D) C1 w0 H; ~
75. Refusal to rent
- b9 N% Q+ q; {0 [& q3 w" t 76. National consumers’ boycott$ ^2 ^6 @& J9 y% k2 t+ I
77. International consumers’ boycott8 s) A' H5 X( A* [. ]
8 E7 i1 M* \& i ^* p! RAction by Workers and Producers. K# W2 G" Q, e! m# B L6 u
78. Workmen’s boycott' y1 v3 _" e8 d* x5 G; Z1 f; i( q
79. Producers’ boycott
1 [% k6 g! Z* y6 T: [) {: F% g
, D, q7 y5 T u6 [: B/ o+ [ g6 jAction by Middlemen+ s+ V+ _' L0 y; E& ^, D0 q2 t' ?+ f0 U. m; K
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 ?- f( M1 M9 ]$ c) G! ~# ~- X
* g% w+ f* ~# o! e
Action by Owners and Management
: b8 m& Y0 m8 ? _* @0 f+ t 81. Traders’ boycott2 N' h7 Z- n! D
82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 g- N4 W. Z: F. {; t! H0 P5 W 83. Lockout
# N7 M0 ?, Y+ o: c6 J9 N: c/ H6 ]$ ~9 r 84. Refusal of industrial assistance# q& T* n a, M$ g# ^; x' {( Q. [
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# m. y$ F6 H6 {, b0 O! u: t+ z/ w2 y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& i9 E6 f, _! L+ u3 w& G
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: N: |" g& Z1 Q; X5 p4 T
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 s& ^" B& O! a: {" ^: Z- |
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 u9 R& t# D' x3 J' p' Y% B
89. Severance of funds and credit2 L. ?/ ?$ {" [3 b
90. Revenue refusal
: Z w9 M$ c8 ]" I' T! ~! p1 B 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 s z* j' i3 l$ j |
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Action by Governments
7 i; }8 X. R8 H/ k/ D0 z/ o 92. Domestic embargo; |# |$ R' p/ p0 {9 | e* }
93. Blacklisting of traders1 x. t1 d* q! j y2 C/ O. @
94. International sellers’ embargo5 m& t! ^4 U% b# W& e( }$ b3 f4 h
95. International buyers’ embargo1 j( W. o: Z5 h5 J
96. International trade embargo
7 I! P/ w# c3 S( x# ~* C* G& q- R! L5 H: B
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) l2 e V" G4 u* i/ l9 N2 a" d+ VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE/ t' i& z1 x4 B9 `3 G
3 p7 |0 z. V- ]! N# |
6 Z" H$ e* o1 V& Q; cSymbolic Strikes
) A- R5 f" y0 K0 N2 \9 e! j0 o k6 l 97. Protest strike: l4 w5 m& B" ~/ w4 k7 O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- [! E% G4 O$ u% R1 H |
: m- }3 L" N$ E. L$ bAgricultural Strikes
7 \& ^# d& P, y$ l; L8 C$ n- c3 x 99. Peasant strike0 J7 w# X& p5 e* d7 E8 ]8 ?* _* J
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ `1 @# P1 ^! E, a" f% H
6 U& p0 n0 D" ~8 N0 C6 W
Strikes by Special Groups' j: ]- T- N0 b
101. Refusal of impressed labor* J& g z A$ j1 V
102. Prisoners’ strike
4 b" q& s9 [3 S1 B 103. Craft strike3 i2 y5 s, b9 \& l0 ~0 N, x7 V: ^
104. Professional strike
3 P5 E+ L% w& S' ]1 p- z) A/ j) k {$ c7 y: B; y+ r V$ f
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
2 e: u, y$ i" J/ X9 t; p% N8 h! S 105. Establishment strike
2 P& Z7 R0 H1 {1 @; [0 E+ U 106. Industry strike
2 v$ M" W6 U( Y 107. Sympathetic strike
U( ]* t L0 R7 K$ s( u1 X" L/ Q
7 z+ [0 Y/ J1 u' O! c1 ~Restricted Strikes
; [8 q- d1 N1 y$ e' b1 S8 C! x 108. Detailed strike
1 ~* y/ y% V+ U) [; r 109. Bumper strike
) X8 T, F1 P: B' V 110. Slowdown strike
/ q5 `. u$ m8 ~; K% z I6 r5 `# T$ E 111. Working-to-rule strike# J8 o( `, g/ i) r {6 l, S# [+ n" r
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 b- S6 w3 p$ U; c4 ~4 M3 x 113. Strike by resignation
+ p. J" N; `' j- A* ^3 c, o 114. Limited strike
4 `, `2 R: [% y$ q3 j. h 115. Selective strike
4 E' T5 l# I- M+ v. q0 B% S" Q" m6 ?7 d) @
Multi-Industry Strikes2 s; Y4 L9 {% e
5 p+ U; F. T7 S 116. Generalized strike
( c9 Z, ] m. V3 ?$ q& r; F. U: I0 ^' i3 k
117. General strike5 K! m$ z0 d* }; v% I8 H
# N( \: P! |' Z+ q# Y! Y) f2 i. ICombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ |; [1 Z/ q+ r- T$ _' j1 H `# J; \
118. Hartal+ i) C2 W) K$ t. n$ m
# ]. |2 g/ D `$ c5 O: `
119. Economic shutdown
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$ b9 b9 O7 E2 i* ~+ @" c1 f: v
0 _/ w& w: N: I2 L; N3 MTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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! u& ^; r/ C7 d6 @0 a0 FRejection of Authority8 c; w7 D! C p- L. F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: F6 k2 @5 T$ @
121. Refusal of public support1 v+ o6 l" ^$ b- u1 e1 U
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( p% ?( D" t- I7 p) v/ F% P# i) a8 e5 V
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 p4 L2 j7 Q! s( Y+ X* G$ h: N
123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 P P1 a/ ]/ b3 h5 g
124. Boycott of elections
+ O5 m$ j- D7 ~, j+ |4 s& Z) ~ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 D* s* x* P7 h3 {, c) E* E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" w2 Q _0 }- v' H9 p
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- x! T& z$ o+ K" H+ G3 A 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ I/ Z, D$ `+ H5 z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 u9 Z. f" {% v
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 r% J5 e6 w* Y1 X 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) K9 S) L7 A/ d2 P- ?$ T 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 z# ?; _7 A9 n: e8 [" V+ \# p0 c' x' M- c. d6 ?
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( H) X; k$ c4 p2 ^, y( d
133. Reluctant and slow compliance( Q, K' i( c: y- x( U0 C; c
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: V( b3 ]- _ x6 Y- ^& K: y. F
135. Popular nonobedience0 n8 y3 K- i* V
136. Disguised disobedience
! K+ k. w9 f! v) S8 v 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ I; z1 N& @& X 138. Sitdown" _& t% Y' ]. w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 w* Y* k+ |- {! k! G4 m
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 v- d; b# l: h9 l 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! w" c5 I5 |+ R# M; }* c5 V. Q6 d9 Z9 S: v2 h
Action by Government Personnel: d7 E& @2 Y- r T& k0 ?
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! `+ `% D4 {% a, n7 f' w5 _& J
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; P9 |5 T# {+ T( \' r1 t
144. Stalling and obstruction& l3 ^. T9 l" A' x% n$ L) K1 ^
145. General administrative noncooperation
) F. r) f& P t; S9 Z0 \2 `2 A% o2 ^. M' M$ b' o* s# Q
146. Judicial noncooperation
+ Q$ {9 K7 u( a+ q& g 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" f! n f+ Q/ I) C
148. Mutiny
7 ]3 j8 H7 C" f3 KDomestic Governmental Action# |* w: `! V* F% P7 o* H
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" D q4 `3 W; n l 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( s" ~3 b3 T+ ^: Y: m9 Y
1 r! H$ |7 ?) x D
International Governmental Action
" C: G! w& Q* ]+ @. m7 N6 m 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ u& U( N, @' U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
) r+ i) X; ?; O8 G; L/ w$ K 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! B! x/ G. g/ ^) q" D2 q% r$ l 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# _! H8 Z* x' ^+ `2 b 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% R" h1 d; j x, ` 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! F8 h/ t2 Q/ O9 w5 M 157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ _: v; C/ Z# I; @0 Y. X4 k
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 P% [5 n/ S. |8 h. [2 w. G# ~2 ?
' H% R8 f. \. n; n* A, E+ N0 m
& a9 H9 u" J7 B9 m* O3 s/ \Psychological Intervention
' P# j0 m& A% Y" a8 n) b 158. Self-exposure to the elements* U* G% R* }+ W
159. The fast
5 P( |8 p2 g L7 Q5 x* y8 o3 E a) Fast of moral pressure7 t3 j, [# f- Y& x; I& y
b) Hunger strike
2 W- _. X* S6 [ c) Satyagrahic fast4 X. i: Z; T1 C6 W! V2 b0 X
160. Reverse trial
* ]( r9 a0 _$ h. s3 ^# ^ 161. Nonviolent harassment
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+ T* }' h N& V4 g! Y1 k, k' fPhysical Intervention, N( V* o2 W# ^6 N/ ?% |0 [' i
162. Sit-in$ X( B- z- ~9 }4 n7 a
163. Stand-in4 T- @3 S" T- [) [4 K
164. Ride-in
; u9 } `/ y& v8 G# P 165. Wade-in
; h9 P+ t ^1 m W 166. Mill-in
. S7 k; O- _- E4 @ 167. Pray-in* D" u. L2 A) @( N% D+ m; p
168. Nonviolent raids1 J% g& [7 s! w. W7 k+ X
169. Nonviolent air raids, B- Q* o9 M; Y# {% l4 y
170. Nonviolent invasion9 y, l6 d- w9 s, m" ?
171. Nonviolent interjection4 }7 {- J3 p; @) w! B# ~% D" W7 T
172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 d& h% x! K9 b( D9 Z% G8 Z 173. Nonviolent occupation
r6 u$ W5 Y1 ~1 ^' y& G* w6 X* C
Social Intervention
! b; F: `# R) V, C4 S& Z- J4 } 174. Establishing new social patterns3 g w3 n1 l0 T7 O4 v
175. Overloading of facilities, o3 B4 y+ T" `) q# h
176. Stall-in9 R) \5 C- ^7 ?# b9 L# Q: }8 }+ `
177. Speak-in$ o4 ~# N- e( P' G! O' t$ B
178. Guerrilla theater! Q( y% l7 L7 y" y9 D
179. Alternative social institutions$ \7 x1 I9 `3 F& j( q" p
180. Alternative communication system# @$ X+ h4 w- q8 g5 c# F, C: F3 M
: w2 u3 ^2 l8 y: j1 D# \4 TEconomic Intervention. O0 d8 n( i! L6 q3 q
181. Reverse strike( V6 Z% p, L; r! a6 \* U
182. Stay-in strike' Y1 @3 c( p c L6 b
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 d- N, ?* m6 L- M4 n 184. Defiance of blockades! H8 Q! a" ?1 }8 U4 B
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 K* j K9 ~. j+ W; e5 e3 k 186. Preclusive purchasing
# I8 Y) I6 o" w2 k# |/ s& F3 q! h 187. Seizure of assets* n% Y! v7 {# y+ q' ]
188. Dumping4 n# k( g/ ~# @$ a2 C# Y
189. Selective patronage) u, X% p ]6 M
190. Alternative markets
* v) ?& E9 b6 a, C3 V4 K 191. Alternative transportation systems# ^* ^' i P" X# _' {" g* C
192. Alternative economic institutions
; z0 A8 o; A4 \ x) G: N- P4 S
! \3 u% A7 w( b. ^. H# u& _Political Intervention; V8 I7 @6 n/ U a$ S
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 K! }# A# F- t2 a; |- t" g 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 _7 u' p; M( @8 g8 E2 a 195. Seeking imprisonment, V' Q3 @ p0 s9 X1 g$ w2 y7 b: i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' ]4 V9 q( E/ Z: b4 M2 ^7 y n7 U 197. Work-on without collaboration% u5 g% `# K, X! E# E- b W
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 b" u5 }- Q1 x
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
