 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& P/ F$ `1 g, Z9 v
Formal Statements
% e) V! P, \2 S) v6 g) H 1. Public Speeches
& ]* Y5 o, y! _) Z, j 2. Letters of opposition or support& j2 O9 ?0 y9 ?# S
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* ^. C0 P$ W5 b5 f" P9 ~ 4. Signed public statements
! A! E& [6 g r$ B! ]% G+ h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% Z. e X& |' p4 q" @) I% U9 }$ `( E1 @" g 6. Group or mass petitions+ Y' }9 ~- } [
, X: a) I0 N" {2 XCommunications with a Wider Audience
5 M. w% d/ ]0 M6 ~- l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# K6 I6 Y# R. j$ Y8 z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 k# q; ?; v. v2 M% m 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' ?7 f% t4 c- U 10. Newspapers and journals
- ~# y3 O' v$ N2 C8 l& \ 11. Records, radio, and television
% j7 }- y2 O1 ^% o2 Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 r( T- t1 o% ?. }1 w8 p6 z$ ?8 T/ d8 S4 m0 t
Group Representations
Z2 C' z4 T O 13. Deputations
0 r' W; M6 v" l, D$ j" V 14. Mock awards
# j$ g) ~7 l3 A w T4 d 15. Group lobbying9 H( h( T. z' S
16. Picketing# R' A: ]: B$ L. U& L6 {7 S9 r
17. Mock elections
( k; S( Y4 L7 H
9 }' |2 x+ O Q" S: Q; NSymbolic Public Acts3 q1 w+ ~( P" \# |; T' j
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ s/ R" @5 v& _* v. _ 19. Wearing of symbols
7 y( w. V3 F Y1 P 20. Prayer and worship
2 n: ]& n: A& f+ q. W. N 21. Delivering symbolic objects
( S1 [: |- K3 f) ~5 i Q 22. Protest disrobings3 Y5 }8 t- o) f! i9 G5 h7 S0 M
23. Destruction of own property
! x8 c' |: S- z* l( F 24. Symbolic lights
9 X0 x5 w ~* h3 A# O/ ^, p 25. Displays of portraits$ b& M; T: u/ o6 {2 E/ Z% o
26. Paint as protest3 q% t/ o5 E/ w: j2 G0 A
27. New signs and names3 a& ?/ P( u& r0 T, ^8 R+ |4 \
28. Symbolic sounds
* C+ w# l% V2 C 29. Symbolic reclamations
: {8 }6 z' C3 t$ l5 Z6 {4 h 30. Rude gestures
- K* p6 M# W# j, M5 B
# v' ]# b% u5 m+ C+ @Pressures on Individuals% B8 ^$ Q4 [0 S! M: w, q( [
31. “Haunting” officials
6 b2 Z) S( e7 a4 f9 o 32. Taunting officials
# e0 Z2 n# N9 f1 D8 o 33. Fraternization; f5 y, @' x! J. y% ?
34. Vigils
, O! E6 I( r4 F* F5 r+ {& g1 d3 j4 e) R: o% i; X6 C- i
Drama and Music
8 Y# |+ J7 P t6 ~& u/ G 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 c% T7 F7 S7 ?1 S) ]: S 36. Performances of plays and music; D' Q- I. f6 R. r$ b4 q# B
37. Singing6 U1 x8 x# ]; l5 Y* ~
9 i7 B$ W* P" r1 W
Processions
% H3 {9 J$ r4 P6 @( E5 @* ` 38. Marches% N# s1 t6 u: Y6 j
39. Parades
9 n0 E$ k0 j8 ]" g3 b h 40. Religious processions+ L" R( D6 F8 H0 R. E) @
41. Pilgrimages
2 P% o) ^4 S# ? 42. Motorcades
# O; h' h' {8 d1 ~$ A. a
4 D+ ]/ H) c0 z' d: YHonoring the Dead
5 R. l7 B0 w$ e 43. Political mourning
/ H! N5 Q6 N) C 44. Mock funerals
0 n3 I7 `8 t% j. \% m 45. Demonstrative funerals1 ^( o% }9 e& g/ {7 r
46. Homage at burial places6 p' c7 X# L+ P+ J$ Z
, }9 Z5 \0 K) @! @2 UPublic Assemblies( D6 n/ p( G+ I4 D
47. Assemblies of protest or support, l2 V/ c! T$ b$ J
48. Protest meetings
7 f& T# R3 m# d* W" E; z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 D9 l0 l7 |, S+ o2 i 50. Teach-ins c( M+ c2 a) ^3 ~
: _+ R7 x& ^; A0 g( W
Withdrawal and Renunciation/ f' N* O4 `% ]1 B5 N! N
51. Walk-outs
) M% n: s* F0 S6 V$ J, z, v 52. Silence3 G7 [0 k# ?- \1 c8 y- o4 K6 _
53. Renouncing honors
' k* |$ Q5 @1 ?7 j# u 54. Turning one’s back# V, x" }" Q; [
; v$ v* S/ N8 j4 L # Z% S3 q4 k6 I! w4 |+ @ q/ k
D+ j7 v% T6 P0 mTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, Y8 {& Q" F7 |# l2 ~- U4 S8 }' E4 y& ~6 Y. N/ a$ n$ D
- K4 T4 E3 L4 O+ g1 Y
2 ^4 g/ `1 `" A2 hOstracism of Persons+ d5 E* b% |& L3 a* y. O2 a
55. Social boycott
. {; ~6 i. D" R+ {9 G2 o! M 56. Selective social boycott4 d- _; T' J; i+ t' M* i1 s2 W5 E
57. Lysistratic nonaction f9 g; j+ ?3 F, y) A! R( d$ b ?9 T
58. Excommunication
2 L$ c& [2 p7 @& t) @, v 59. Interdict9 N! e: u' J, [ H
5 c4 t# @* }& p6 M# W* mNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! m3 _+ A: l: N$ [" J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 ?: \/ b# m$ Y+ \& u, G* B 61. Boycott of social affairs% @7 ]6 T# m0 @ ^ } o
62. Student strike, Z1 x: @0 J7 d9 R- j; m
63. Social disobedience6 m4 |* }: y+ \7 O/ N3 M
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 h/ Z# h2 C( ^6 }' h' f- O; _9 B4 |6 Y% w0 ^! a9 P0 L6 N
Withdrawal from the Social System
" X, @7 `, B: N; y. S8 u4 k 65. Stay-at-home
& g/ B5 W0 z, t8 ?. a 66. Total personal noncooperation8 h8 d* [6 t; k1 l3 F2 G2 e1 o- O
67. “Flight” of workers
! U& N6 ?4 \+ W8 r 68. Sanctuary
7 `8 O" R8 v" N 69. Collective disappearance
# }+ ^! n- v. U( w% a 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
+ u8 o# w4 r9 d( C
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) @7 A# Y- |( U) m f
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
# E. q" |' ~' P3 K: L0 W4 v3 x* R* c9 u: a+ C! }
# w' e k X& z0 l
Actions by Consumers; Q" j6 I0 E) V1 _0 x0 \$ Q
71. Consumers’ boycott
" ~- T* E P5 y" H% Z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% b- m9 @, B5 k8 n5 p6 O
73. Policy of austerity
$ _/ ^6 A" P3 F# j4 S 74. Rent withholding! O+ O0 x0 }- c& U
75. Refusal to rent
+ p$ V+ h2 [0 H8 k2 ~8 W/ s 76. National consumers’ boycott! Q; O# ?9 k& c+ N) Y5 H
77. International consumers’ boycott; z6 B' j8 G3 ^% J
% s/ h1 C' N/ P& A9 F, xAction by Workers and Producers2 v* A' ^ X1 w* K& I
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 Y {& {0 ^9 L 79. Producers’ boycott$ D3 u' p. h1 o
: z( b( } d& D0 G, L7 T; a* VAction by Middlemen; s- a0 y5 t# i( h/ ]3 {! |/ h7 E9 S
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
F# n5 o; E8 i
6 @9 M1 ~# {- d$ N' `1 k$ Z. iAction by Owners and Management. Y! C# ]# b& w
81. Traders’ boycott+ i1 e8 c( i! B5 U( X
82. Refusal to let or sell property/ m; a/ W) T+ i6 J
83. Lockout& s) \: f0 s' b! }! l8 U3 O
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; [- Q% F9 X, j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”. g* e- | g4 \, {, L' ]
4 @& S) i; ?5 ?; h& s# V0 x8 ]Action by Holders of Financial Resources; _/ }: p. a# Q, `- T5 I8 G
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 d1 @0 T& X6 R, t* o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; u) \4 v) U" t/ f
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- M) e" }% q0 k% o
89. Severance of funds and credit% t! | L. |; _6 u- x2 z$ ?
90. Revenue refusal
3 M6 [! f/ s% x0 y, g 91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 i6 g& U+ q3 y% a8 x
, E6 o; V% V% l# f, |0 q6 d* `0 ]8 |Action by Governments
/ l( w9 R! G1 B& P 92. Domestic embargo, h/ V* h5 e7 \2 [. V
93. Blacklisting of traders+ y0 Z, l; h6 x; \& c8 ?) ?
94. International sellers’ embargo
* Y3 p; _5 C9 I) f' J0 ? 95. International buyers’ embargo
" K1 P" g$ ^1 k! W: T 96. International trade embargo Q! w* O7 M8 k) a; g! Z$ g
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- V& w1 R- `0 B0 r, Y
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& M- x& L# X( T* zSymbolic Strikes }4 H5 r9 ^6 k5 k
97. Protest strike
' t( j+ h [ E0 d' Q! M 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): z9 G8 l) N5 A6 M+ H6 }. u
" y2 z+ G% \# R6 t; W
Agricultural Strikes
1 g J: o# M" [" k, [" G: Z# @# C 99. Peasant strike
5 v8 X+ }- y% ~0 ]2 z3 S 100. Farm Workers’ strike* U, x% @/ t3 `5 _& {5 K1 d
+ g, U3 l4 C0 G5 o3 T, b
Strikes by Special Groups
& ?/ @$ n" \5 g+ O 101. Refusal of impressed labor" o C* B- b$ k% m( b) v
102. Prisoners’ strike
9 _* W8 j9 @2 @* f# `4 D. R& u 103. Craft strike
& E; L: B4 T& Y 104. Professional strike
9 L+ i& X- Y* f9 t: w/ s) |8 c# K( @3 t8 i
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
% o7 Z! M0 u0 h5 y7 R 105. Establishment strike
8 T3 P* Z* I: m/ S 106. Industry strike* W. M) G Z' u6 j3 C$ g) o, s; n
107. Sympathetic strike
& I4 O3 H5 q$ j
" ^: T W3 \4 G: X0 P% uRestricted Strikes/ Y' G+ j1 J* c L% h8 v$ [9 z4 @
108. Detailed strike/ h) }( ]1 ]* M" d
109. Bumper strike4 j- z4 ^; P! H
110. Slowdown strike
6 C% O5 u; p( j6 ~/ H 111. Working-to-rule strike5 r# z/ M3 N& s, l; L' D
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& ?, ^: s9 i1 {4 q8 A
113. Strike by resignation9 q8 x, G" c5 U( B# Q. f$ m, y
114. Limited strike% c+ N1 B' X" a) y
115. Selective strike
8 F' r9 k- N! }% e$ N5 e. Z' m, v
; e: p6 R9 @6 u/ |- I- z* F- uMulti-Industry Strikes F7 v9 w' C3 g5 `. S2 l5 Z+ b
, f, c+ O* R2 `- S' u+ f 116. Generalized strike
9 }9 ]3 Z! B3 U" c
# r+ E% p/ ~5 n7 x0 _# W 117. General strike
' E/ S" |! Z, ~' Z- r" b: k$ k) @7 p
. `! }# B8 T y6 ICombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ @! X0 T7 `: W2 ?0 \! k. S4 h& q
9 Y& p) X a( @0 W/ x* H6 y 118. Hartal! u% z/ p/ X: k
2 |' Z% e* e; h: A: ?
119. Economic shutdown) U1 j+ @) _+ {7 _7 { n; h0 V
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) ~# e0 P6 T7 Z; P) N2 b! L
( U+ u) r+ t0 v9 E, D* R
. x: F# P/ |2 U8 oRejection of Authority
1 ~& r* b; ~% B8 w 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: k' N" M4 G/ \+ u" C
121. Refusal of public support
! ~3 _2 V/ f1 J; w1 |9 q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( [& i+ a1 E; W, ^3 G# Z, F( \6 d W. e+ Y/ U$ \
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 m( C+ @7 Y6 U8 _* I9 U0 m
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 B, U) {0 \. ?$ K% z X* K 124. Boycott of elections
0 r7 C& l$ g( E* m$ N1 F" i 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: a7 W+ k2 [ B) {1 m* [ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 ?& L3 e4 I- B& [; V
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" r8 p( L: N# ], e! q$ |; U$ V) R 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) y2 @7 f$ m" M" z8 h$ ]* l' X
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* t+ t1 _. o/ X* C- }$ F) I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; d! ? z% l. z* z+ ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 w8 I [$ z+ o6 g v 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: S* i% r8 Q: E9 B \( z' `
2 E5 w, }( m2 JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 n9 _3 u- U" b+ m 133. Reluctant and slow compliance% `: H9 I, T f% W+ N! n5 `
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% ^: L! i A8 Z% U9 ?+ ?
135. Popular nonobedience- { u, p2 d8 }9 \: P" p+ V
136. Disguised disobedience
7 M6 x! D; Q' Q. I# Z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ |, O) ^* R' [9 _# a/ c 138. Sitdown
* j: A4 T/ ?3 N$ h* f% H3 J( v* i 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
. M8 I% F, z& b' S4 c: e) _ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 D% O ^" T% S; n* o5 B* ]1 v* ]# V
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, c: g5 d$ H! ~/ A! n2 o3 w1 `5 Z1 s6 y
Action by Government Personnel
% G# B% D# _! Q! f 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- w% o- G6 _. C8 ~5 W% d( ]
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 ^, z0 R- P* g, l, ^8 }7 p 144. Stalling and obstruction
: @2 h5 J$ Y3 g1 Y! N. }+ b2 t4 q, O 145. General administrative noncooperation
' \% s8 x6 _% @$ l1 ^2 j& R4 U0 k+ _% t( y: o' o
146. Judicial noncooperation% K8 H: U1 x( S: T/ R
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 D* N" b% E. S' T( B# y& o9 ]* N
148. Mutiny( C! l$ J$ e [+ n, `
Domestic Governmental Action
4 z6 k4 C' `0 Y6 G+ G7 h' { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
T& s/ I* a2 E/ D 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
Z: v* ?, U" x% I
$ O, g3 l3 A; z& z# ]International Governmental Action: W& c) c5 T, {) G* @ N! G
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 E- l! e9 i. | ~5 ?) ^3 c 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- M- R. h3 L9 f, L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ u8 b2 g: U4 A3 p0 { 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 T- _3 w6 N9 T% H; j, }# Y6 a2 h! N 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) [& s ` g# `; H/ Q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! u( |$ {: X; }% H: z 157. Expulsion from international organizations
1 M/ {3 S" F$ _3 b% x
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4 a- V' }) O8 y7 h) ZTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
' f& i, \! Y' d7 v( {, X$ q" D! O 158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 u4 Q9 z+ ]3 y6 q. T: d" F$ D5 ? a 159. The fast
. f9 z" {* A# F" v8 q3 J a) Fast of moral pressure
; c4 l) n2 `9 Y. o) B4 R b) Hunger strike& r3 P L( [- J$ e& u
c) Satyagrahic fast8 Q: |4 _4 ?0 L0 q1 z
160. Reverse trial
% ]+ a( v; P5 V' L 161. Nonviolent harassment
2 {/ J; G& |: b9 q3 D* e! M& m( M5 b$ L8 W
Physical Intervention* y9 j! ^: l" o( i
162. Sit-in
0 s' Q0 k6 N" p; L8 Y& L X 163. Stand-in
# A0 I2 ?0 r4 ^1 { 164. Ride-in5 t# B$ R0 Q7 F8 x( h8 A
165. Wade-in
- z7 a7 |0 @4 ~3 p1 O 166. Mill-in
' x a& l7 |& C 167. Pray-in
/ X C" j* Y6 |* V+ @& r 168. Nonviolent raids
6 H& F0 q. T r' L, C1 @ 169. Nonviolent air raids
! e7 _! z+ n; Q8 z7 d# |7 y 170. Nonviolent invasion
8 z* Q; A/ A5 |6 }+ z 171. Nonviolent interjection2 h1 [$ k; ?' ~1 z: M8 c
172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ W# i* W- Q0 i$ _( i 173. Nonviolent occupation
% J: p1 V5 I3 A/ p; q
2 d+ U2 I, Y, P2 a7 v1 F0 C! V0 kSocial Intervention/ l& J+ l, }' t) Z
174. Establishing new social patterns* J3 [( t3 K4 @. P
175. Overloading of facilities
, p' c' f# H" T) ?. L; \3 r1 w1 } 176. Stall-in; s* i" j; F% D# d0 Q1 z1 N' A( X3 s
177. Speak-in2 U. C8 y& _- O+ @& ?
178. Guerrilla theater: l, Z/ K- D" i
179. Alternative social institutions
a( Y5 y3 L/ X: o! H( @ 180. Alternative communication system+ ?8 h- D6 x& k" s: V
6 H6 j; A' o- B3 I9 W
Economic Intervention
+ l+ a- ]9 {" v- P; ?6 f7 E 181. Reverse strike5 n& \! `+ ~' b8 s) Y9 y' Z
182. Stay-in strike
, I5 n5 W! o$ E# R! l* z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 A6 E3 m' R! u5 M% F0 p) J 184. Defiance of blockades$ v5 q! J. G* ]* d- @1 U
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: H- u' \# X b- J9 ?
186. Preclusive purchasing! T* q' ^0 ]9 I
187. Seizure of assets5 K) B+ _+ m4 P5 D- T Q d
188. Dumping
0 H7 c$ V4 k5 |# k1 [ 189. Selective patronage0 }6 A: Z2 ]4 ^5 `% o) v. j
190. Alternative markets* F \. N# a. B* X5 i
191. Alternative transportation systems
( I( j. Z+ J8 q4 k6 o; o: I; J 192. Alternative economic institutions
: A! K1 l! ^$ j1 |& D+ \. p, m: A4 F+ F5 _' r
Political Intervention. V( y/ x% g$ Y, v d9 X- R
193. Overloading of administrative systems* c7 w" e( K% `! f6 x
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ ]- G, j7 {7 R H
195. Seeking imprisonment- o) U7 T% m5 v; |" }9 z1 M
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' j% k- y, ?, E+ i5 p& d 197. Work-on without collaboration
! @: [: i5 X% x) w5 n! h 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
