 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 }* n& c' Q2 o, J4 p
Formal Statements$ l, f4 Z. x" B
1. Public Speeches
. z' [% r$ v B! e5 U" ?0 N 2. Letters of opposition or support
0 C! w- w( a; y7 ~, z) v; Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions" o0 M8 F& m9 W% I
4. Signed public statements+ ^, m" [. X' W* z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 s2 z( p$ ]8 X7 @( i 6. Group or mass petitions9 V5 I1 A* [2 f: ~% |: z& e
, M3 j4 V- v/ [0 {1 jCommunications with a Wider Audience
9 |" n% [4 `6 m9 F: C/ F4 o. S1 x 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. L0 c2 O [) O$ m; H
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' G# L) H$ E: w+ P5 P8 w# r- W
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books3 x* o7 N2 V( g* }/ i4 b
10. Newspapers and journals
: g4 L6 @# M h; g" ^) a/ Q6 p 11. Records, radio, and television9 K" N# `1 U+ U! u
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 ] F; K7 z" P& B! J+ Y) s! c4 X7 C; D0 L6 U
Group Representations' e& u$ |9 P6 [& C# F
13. Deputations
5 G( G# q4 p1 K' e9 i( ?. ? 14. Mock awards
' ]3 m' N( y" E$ t, u& U4 i 15. Group lobbying7 b1 F/ ^& U- s0 M% a
16. Picketing0 ]1 F; X" ?9 m r5 j" V g( A B
17. Mock elections7 t* e4 p# y' n/ D
- c3 Q+ P3 N) j" K8 T" [
Symbolic Public Acts% D+ ?6 }. N; G% L8 a
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 A8 E+ S. b9 \1 M( N Y: P. {( m; ~ 19. Wearing of symbols% J4 `" G+ | S) z
20. Prayer and worship
/ q! R$ f+ _. v' s5 ? 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! ^1 r7 w: {8 e) Z 22. Protest disrobings
$ f6 j( S! j4 e4 g3 ]( _ 23. Destruction of own property) j/ U V4 F- O9 t( p
24. Symbolic lights( q0 a: z/ C3 g" [# _
25. Displays of portraits' F5 [' }. F% O2 k/ Y5 D
26. Paint as protest) q! t6 e. C4 _+ Z+ m& ^* r
27. New signs and names
- A: ?, M# }/ [ 28. Symbolic sounds
) S. l. G: B. e/ r 29. Symbolic reclamations
' j `- e# P; u6 H3 z: e& X6 A 30. Rude gestures
0 v, w8 R( H* D1 e, g, g3 Q) Q# w2 v* v
Pressures on Individuals: u& J" Y+ b' _
31. “Haunting” officials* n/ C# c1 m/ |- |/ s& E" P
32. Taunting officials! W! g' w/ ]- I" L* B/ Z# u
33. Fraternization
: x0 b* ]- ^) ^3 d 34. Vigils2 a, E0 s( ]3 s1 Q5 n. S' K2 g1 G7 l
9 K, j% V3 K, B+ ^' B" S% X, jDrama and Music, `( ?' ]* b: X7 [1 J/ Z r2 R
35. Humorous skits and pranks
. J! k0 f3 Y1 J 36. Performances of plays and music1 k6 Y7 e" \. `: }0 Q
37. Singing
$ t, B9 p/ C% \5 F4 N* i
* r- ?# N0 G8 S7 M" A. m7 \9 \Processions
+ m% L- C& ~% B1 ~- \ 38. Marches. O8 d% \& A, d, {$ O5 s
39. Parades( D1 T2 D* s( ?& N. z! v
40. Religious processions
3 ^# L: @3 r4 z- e- o! s 41. Pilgrimages+ Y0 A& }% k! J! S& m
42. Motorcades
+ c0 n) s) T" n8 a! R+ W1 Q$ V1 |/ K. e0 i1 j, k9 q+ h9 v1 d
Honoring the Dead
. [# J5 c ~+ W0 l# k9 V# f/ i 43. Political mourning
' c0 ~/ L8 y \, ]1 e 44. Mock funerals$ T' b6 V g g$ ? E1 S! g
45. Demonstrative funerals
2 q5 B* l* U4 P2 P0 Y 46. Homage at burial places
& e- ~% Z0 {; J2 M0 J1 B- ?; P% A+ F- e
5 ~) W$ H2 e1 T2 _" |' U; rPublic Assemblies
2 U6 C1 T0 u2 m9 _' T 47. Assemblies of protest or support' E7 f$ S# b1 M- y+ q/ d- ]' \# {2 F
48. Protest meetings
4 s2 q$ h4 S/ N q. P; ] 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' Q4 |# f/ t! ]7 N 50. Teach-ins
+ M5 o) o7 I+ K, O) v# |* R) i b: Y! L
" _8 L6 l! m: {: }8 n% z; S' VWithdrawal and Renunciation
4 L7 H: I- @1 ?) {! q: Q 51. Walk-outs
$ k: ]" P. \( e* @2 N! _/ L+ t/ j, W) ~ 52. Silence9 S, o0 M7 m: y$ Z* @
53. Renouncing honors
' Q. m# ^6 @- @* a2 q 54. Turning one’s back
/ L' V S2 @3 j" d4 M
! e% ]; i# O) m3 |7 ^
$ @0 g: E: c Q& A+ ]4 }# Q4 U! N( v, Q* R& K% p9 u5 G9 W
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION n: @1 A" B! ^! S
$ ~* I9 b$ N8 n6 W! z
8 {" t5 V9 s6 Z* n5 |9 y: H( [
$ @$ \4 g% C0 E2 H! hOstracism of Persons0 A, |" \9 S7 B+ G, w& {
55. Social boycott
. l+ |0 W: v# V, A- ` 56. Selective social boycott( S7 s8 g j/ _0 s4 `1 S; \! j+ Y
57. Lysistratic nonaction6 a( E' m" m% P) |2 J4 w* r7 M' o
58. Excommunication1 F# m% b# @ c
59. Interdict
: a! w4 K; ?1 X! e# p) r/ M$ F9 `1 {* g
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* W x- j0 i( `7 {1 @5 { 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
V- }! f+ l! n) k8 q! F& i( M l2 } 61. Boycott of social affairs
; }6 c1 v7 M" U8 M# k0 y 62. Student strike7 ? [9 a8 L5 E. s( e
63. Social disobedience
5 k% v5 Z& B# n/ E& h! \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- o% i1 T }) r8 K$ h9 V: @7 E$ ? P/ N* @
Withdrawal from the Social System
. v2 h. w8 \2 \) o1 F0 Q: | 65. Stay-at-home; @( j& Q) e7 C, d; G5 ^
66. Total personal noncooperation
& Y. a# o6 v' o5 F 67. “Flight” of workers
- D+ A; |6 J4 [: _0 ? 68. Sanctuary
: ?! d" p* T, a2 t9 c5 Q 69. Collective disappearance
. y2 O+ ^" i* \' `0 `, v. u 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 l8 E/ T& G# n; `$ I
( Q" w, c+ P# e) z; |4 X * N* }, R/ ]# J6 z/ N3 X
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS3 N/ {2 ^6 i/ ]# ^
6 w( a( t: i8 }8 p # a/ k# d5 ]3 x: j
Actions by Consumers
0 _% ?$ L& T$ V! y" R! B4 }; z 71. Consumers’ boycott! a! Y6 ?4 ^; [2 |+ l
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 K" j1 K: n+ e9 {1 N 73. Policy of austerity( A+ I9 P" L+ W: {& V
74. Rent withholding
9 f* g( {- z& J 75. Refusal to rent
3 e* \* l) G) r9 n 76. National consumers’ boycott. O6 {8 [( [! z6 V
77. International consumers’ boycott
* N8 t* ]3 }& w; S1 r0 _/ ^) G6 C1 S9 `, q5 I( h9 @
Action by Workers and Producers; j0 S' E' m0 c; K" O% Y
78. Workmen’s boycott: Y ^- ]8 E G
79. Producers’ boycott% ~) s% ?3 H8 O/ Z) y: x
/ O# y9 d; g N
Action by Middlemen$ H8 D& Z7 Z& O B2 O3 j
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 t7 j3 {, s: J
( S# k" j" c% O' F9 QAction by Owners and Management. m7 B; b1 W/ r0 f& G7 c7 R- Z; H' a
81. Traders’ boycott+ ~3 @! y2 ~+ A
82. Refusal to let or sell property
# Q4 Z! A6 f& E' H3 @) X 83. Lockout
. C& O! Y# Z9 i9 o; Y5 n' a 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; N% @' @* R: N( G/ p# `6 [( E 85. Merchants’ “general strike”) h( N1 y9 ^( Y& C6 O1 @
! Y8 v: z5 b! o w: N
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
9 N7 L* F' M! e5 J3 h5 i 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits2 W( t7 q* x: ?& S
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 D+ K( b+ X- E V+ w8 t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 S r& i/ m( t
89. Severance of funds and credit
: @ l) M, r, y) @ 90. Revenue refusal+ R E. w( N* @- ^/ B4 g9 N0 O
91. Refusal of a government’s money0 N; p1 f" m8 L+ l; ~
5 W. x- q/ I; }. z
Action by Governments
* `. N4 |9 `# F' `/ u 92. Domestic embargo/ Z( |" P* J9 T4 \: I' e
93. Blacklisting of traders# s! n# [- W; z, M' y
94. International sellers’ embargo# k1 t/ a7 N: v' }) {8 i
95. International buyers’ embargo7 _2 x4 h% P' b+ n# N/ M
96. International trade embargo
! L1 j0 h/ T" S3 `6 j) G5 `' M% ^
0 e+ k' h9 `9 D7 N3 X3 U 4 n2 E+ T. T; g7 [; a
: j0 w. i( T* L2 l# L
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! K8 W0 h8 u8 P3 X7 b% P7 H* C- j& w* D$ ~. `- @# t( G; ]. b
: T4 p7 m7 |- O& b! [7 H
Symbolic Strikes
& d- h5 Z/ s/ V 97. Protest strike
% c6 [ ^ @: ?1 c- N9 R4 @ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- w2 T6 }; ?$ n* q* Y) b/ [3 h' ^8 J! H
Agricultural Strikes
) g/ a: C( F8 s' z 99. Peasant strike8 z4 o$ b9 |0 g( L6 n1 {& S( \6 B
100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 ]0 Q% D5 c: `& [/ v4 `3 O
9 q( C3 b- c9 G2 O& TStrikes by Special Groups
. Q0 u" Z4 c: t* q+ s 101. Refusal of impressed labor+ Z! X- S3 g) Y5 w4 H
102. Prisoners’ strike
7 W& n0 F$ X) z% ?, n/ S 103. Craft strike
% o8 `* G- x: d' q. P+ z5 o8 [" o" p. q 104. Professional strike% k, ]4 r( A$ ^8 L( q
8 n7 X _1 Z( m( _
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
$ k0 I% A3 C! N; B' e 105. Establishment strike, X8 s( P: p, T! C5 ]5 E4 S0 R1 [& C
106. Industry strike
3 }; x1 W5 p! j' m5 P4 e 107. Sympathetic strike$ S$ u# `- U) s2 N0 c
$ N [, x1 J5 A) L4 w0 Z
Restricted Strikes
, I, ?/ F) ^$ t* }; t4 G- [ 108. Detailed strike
; _, S* N3 u. g& C/ \& } ~+ E. {- }6 G, t 109. Bumper strike
7 A( `2 m; a( b' T( K* |; K 110. Slowdown strike
( o6 ~# { X# u 111. Working-to-rule strike+ a, ?$ u6 u0 a6 g1 W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 H+ j4 ?6 ^2 K. W
113. Strike by resignation
) N8 ~8 b4 C: }4 L 114. Limited strike
2 D. S$ d! }/ a& H) z+ J3 N 115. Selective strike
, k s2 {% q& W m' z4 ]$ s; A7 p M& ~ B3 r
Multi-Industry Strikes
: Q& G. ?* w _, `: W4 F1 q' P4 p5 s7 _% M; L/ M
116. Generalized strike- B: ~8 p4 {) Q) f8 D! X
* M2 t0 d" p+ ]; H 117. General strike
, j6 ?; _3 w8 H) q6 z0 a: T6 e7 f/ ^; [( N
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! l; M, Y. E' t
0 h* {) p& B0 s/ ?4 [ [ 118. Hartal5 i3 c& r/ [/ q7 a. F3 S
7 z( _) I @; Y! q/ l7 a
119. Economic shutdown
, r; r+ K. J! v) }! ?/ O4 }- h0 \9 ^4 o" h6 c" v3 r6 E. B6 K
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
* V2 [# |. H+ {7 Y* x) [6 U
& A) f K& d5 i7 t' Z 7 l0 ^) v. `" w! f
Rejection of Authority4 q( [4 y( i4 \0 q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# V. i [* L9 m x
121. Refusal of public support
- s2 N5 y5 ?2 i3 A& b 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 V# o/ d" }- g% g# `+ K: m; N& C w% b: P3 W5 T
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 a6 z- E! J3 {9 Q) \1 l" ?: @# j 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 S2 l% H; }/ u( z. G4 ~( P 124. Boycott of elections
! {; ]" Z8 X% j& p! e; s6 Q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 T% p& h! }, I
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, G% S; ?$ |: X& i3 [
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 N" V; G* R% Z o
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" X$ _2 S9 t: \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 o! l. k3 R" F
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* h- {; z% a8 l8 ~ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& `0 I% y( z+ P4 c- I 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions3 N7 p8 \4 D, q' t0 k
7 L1 w/ }# j/ j$ J7 a# nCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# A- |: {; S- V, V2 z; z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 y6 X5 v; u# B
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# g# ?) D/ M& ~3 m 135. Popular nonobedience
8 @7 x$ H3 N; ^( v) y 136. Disguised disobedience& q5 E8 u: d- o" O- A
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
Q F4 @2 ~: U 138. Sitdown# s+ X( V0 p: {5 i7 E* S: X x4 D
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: |8 Y0 S" X/ F% k" o5 O
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, d5 _* O1 ~0 a, H ?( k; \8 F& x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
\/ L+ M3 f P2 X( ^. @
$ E# }' P, {: G. n: C, FAction by Government Personnel
8 {/ ]7 Z* S1 q$ J" R' v 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% [7 |* _! Y) \8 G- i 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 g p% G) Q6 C% { 144. Stalling and obstruction8 b0 [# p; Z( h: l8 N. G
145. General administrative noncooperation
! S8 J" M/ J( ^8 s1 [0 B0 k, x9 V
! d$ B' P7 F- a$ \' S9 @1 G8 q) }; _ 146. Judicial noncooperation
8 y0 D% Y, p/ X 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: i; \& V) F; ^5 i
148. Mutiny
; l8 |+ A8 |* E$ x4 K; {Domestic Governmental Action1 I2 q. K# S) n) o
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# l. p$ h5 P" H5 a 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( ?& {: n9 F5 ?* k4 L2 b3 c" P4 {; E9 K5 s3 E$ {! B4 M
International Governmental Action$ [2 v4 n4 ^2 r- | Z* i" V5 j
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 o5 _( U; `$ O; s/ G+ A, H+ o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, n# B) ~8 k4 z; D" i
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. Q6 P& p# z D; @* o
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ ]- u9 \+ I- L/ S1 F: m% o 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& j9 q8 a$ O% O2 T, s 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" c7 U% ?1 ^2 y2 j
157. Expulsion from international organizations
1 u* ~% C+ p0 i. q! D
, @3 K9 F# n% i( G: {1 }: b* I * C( {2 W& I3 M+ t- U0 u8 D
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ D X7 E% W! P
) I8 A/ Z0 f z$ ?5 |# ~3 `$ M 4 n" X0 G9 g# ~1 {
Psychological Intervention
# P \6 N$ m5 p; z7 } 158. Self-exposure to the elements
' I8 c. D% q0 O 159. The fast
5 u% L. i" i' n a) Fast of moral pressure6 X& @% o% {5 P( f' l2 x
b) Hunger strike% V7 Y! M" X9 }. r# X ^
c) Satyagrahic fast5 l* J6 T. S) ^- b8 [' l
160. Reverse trial
6 M4 \* g* G8 T: g( C 161. Nonviolent harassment m$ {& L7 a+ I4 z2 H7 @8 j& |1 Q
( C6 J( k4 J `Physical Intervention
+ c1 K$ }8 G/ }% ]- [ u 162. Sit-in8 w1 ~7 p8 [( i4 K. @( a' t5 \3 X
163. Stand-in
8 c. x3 \ J6 o 164. Ride-in
d" {5 Z& ?' a- z 165. Wade-in2 n7 @6 O" g! w! D* e: ?2 `
166. Mill-in$ Z" ` M& i, D( L# P. A( J) K& }
167. Pray-in
( E9 Y7 V' w9 n9 m; } 168. Nonviolent raids+ c- D' K- V2 q+ L; E4 a
169. Nonviolent air raids% N8 Q. v1 c; ]4 f( N6 s4 D
170. Nonviolent invasion- b' _' h( N" t# e f
171. Nonviolent interjection. D: r+ `( [: c3 a4 S$ k2 }8 A
172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ ^/ Y; }( ?- y 173. Nonviolent occupation
$ g' O x7 ^' X
3 Q; K/ q' g4 qSocial Intervention
2 ]& l& s$ Y2 f$ f' K7 T3 R 174. Establishing new social patterns
: z/ ~! s" b+ G8 |& r 175. Overloading of facilities
8 [( d s4 `" R 176. Stall-in
0 p# f+ Y. k {) i% i9 o 177. Speak-in
) Y* y8 Y% |3 F! v 178. Guerrilla theater8 u# \, g/ R5 Q
179. Alternative social institutions. n6 i2 g s7 l/ g& @: \+ w0 p
180. Alternative communication system/ p0 n( ?" [6 h/ {
7 X. ~4 U! g3 u! ~
Economic Intervention
& I/ b4 K7 f: `% F& { b# P# p9 w 181. Reverse strike6 ^/ b' ?4 ?% o: z$ r; U4 M: i% L
182. Stay-in strike7 }. R. v" A* |9 C
183. Nonviolent land seizure
! U2 d, y$ g2 S* F# ? 184. Defiance of blockades
9 @2 T" n$ r9 Y' N 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' Q9 |1 \% N7 ^" @& W
186. Preclusive purchasing
3 A" I' F+ l- s! z) s2 b& J1 d 187. Seizure of assets
. E( Q3 E3 L' E5 M2 R3 d7 t 188. Dumping7 V6 C9 V5 q7 s+ g( Y* p
189. Selective patronage% z9 p2 E; s4 ?: e. r( D+ |
190. Alternative markets
( {8 j- M$ {* y2 a$ ~# N5 v 191. Alternative transportation systems
+ E6 `! F P9 y4 R1 V2 E! T" c! s E. k 192. Alternative economic institutions
* p' |- L4 Q$ f* \
+ k5 }3 l1 L6 b" }: ^Political Intervention" K' R# ]; r7 v' O
193. Overloading of administrative systems U, _: ]! _ i: C/ E# R
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 C3 Q% X; e( l, z+ } 195. Seeking imprisonment* p. X) q- S- ^# o0 C5 x' R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 h% S# v/ L6 n2 j
197. Work-on without collaboration
& e9 }: U9 k, n5 P$ ?' w 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
