 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ T. ?& W6 x( e! ?- }
Formal Statements
. U& m; s) `- v! w+ x, { 1. Public Speeches
: u1 z: H" g m- u, c3 B 2. Letters of opposition or support
3 @. n# I& K5 ^ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 H8 V6 w5 M; w# ~ 4. Signed public statements' [ X: a6 v7 U
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 | |7 w7 ~( j d& V
6. Group or mass petitions0 _$ l' w6 A1 _1 D0 K
& z7 d0 r8 J+ C7 s7 a# DCommunications with a Wider Audience: j8 w3 g, L( d0 I- @7 C9 Q6 S" {& U
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, z3 E5 r- t! T* U7 V$ e/ _
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( D) c* U t, n P$ N 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' W4 x4 a& d8 g$ ^0 T 10. Newspapers and journals0 P, }1 T1 a+ O$ J5 p* n n# X( M
11. Records, radio, and television
4 i$ A1 T" A4 t$ j 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: m. q4 x- R0 [! y1 F
/ x$ ?" W- A# o( R' X( vGroup Representations; \) t F# b/ ] c
13. Deputations, p$ z8 |5 m. J, E. a
14. Mock awards
9 N9 ` R- N- D* i$ X 15. Group lobbying. W. _0 _4 u* t q& s
16. Picketing: f6 g" _) _2 N1 _
17. Mock elections$ ~7 n0 J! X' u5 @" ^. W1 b/ J* U; A
9 g: X8 D3 V+ J. P: p1 x7 g
Symbolic Public Acts, ]- t& i" a7 C% r6 r; a
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% y* e9 n: y- ~" ^ 19. Wearing of symbols
3 b: u) ]) b! |$ P% S V 20. Prayer and worship
; L7 X4 i& d1 [) D- D _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects. \! r% v) Z2 u
22. Protest disrobings5 w3 Q" U& G- e
23. Destruction of own property
/ g" Q4 H4 M& }5 u. T+ ]. h. _& q 24. Symbolic lights
6 P3 C$ J% [ d x( Q 25. Displays of portraits' s+ _: O! m) a I6 o+ q' r$ r
26. Paint as protest
, ~. N p. r6 e* x 27. New signs and names. N& [/ r# u' w+ D3 A4 l
28. Symbolic sounds
. Z7 t7 k8 P# y: A* h: L4 }, ? 29. Symbolic reclamations
" J8 m7 V O8 o7 s) ` 30. Rude gestures
# f: k' U/ p3 o# ^( a9 I# x2 O7 u
/ I3 N1 \ e! V# m. K. f8 DPressures on Individuals5 k7 Q) G$ V% v1 _/ D" U6 Q
31. “Haunting” officials& G5 d& G9 m$ G4 O7 @6 x
32. Taunting officials
# z; Q n9 ^. V* z7 i, M1 X. M, I 33. Fraternization8 s2 _- l/ o, Z+ m. a% O0 \/ ]9 p' v
34. Vigils
" `% k. Z0 Y/ ~8 X, ~
! v& v2 @( A* P/ XDrama and Music5 m: V) I- j% X9 x, ?# W
35. Humorous skits and pranks
" v0 w; \6 V4 _& ^ N1 l. @ 36. Performances of plays and music
8 h* F: t$ [# L y+ f 37. Singing. ]. J" l3 W. f2 k! \. v& J
" J' b$ V$ o& B9 t
Processions
. j2 R; \7 x+ [) }% c 38. Marches& j s. Z; S# C; G6 B8 v
39. Parades
8 J6 i' f6 T- o! e4 u( g 40. Religious processions( j4 F* c5 O, Z+ G a
41. Pilgrimages3 }8 v" d6 c) Q0 z
42. Motorcades
! V) [/ g+ G* N. K7 x* Z
( U3 F/ w: ^: {) ~Honoring the Dead, |. \3 ^; g7 }% I
43. Political mourning8 S, }8 C5 m B: `9 k
44. Mock funerals7 x2 u4 g/ y- I
45. Demonstrative funerals6 A1 @4 Q# B5 d" y+ H8 [
46. Homage at burial places# t* e* T! ^; N3 E0 v- i$ x
6 s, Y4 d' P V
Public Assemblies+ Z- @: I: ~; Z+ ?) H$ g$ K" t
47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ b* |8 B, q$ p 48. Protest meetings7 K- H, m" f. n) M) F4 f7 r7 {0 i
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" m0 {" g2 ~, q' X3 L 50. Teach-ins
9 O2 j, A. z ]/ q! |# [4 o5 F. T% @, ?& }8 U7 ^
Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 g! x0 l% @, i2 u# X2 o" z/ \4 b 51. Walk-outs/ m0 M; h6 b6 }! A
52. Silence
6 \9 a8 q; O. I 53. Renouncing honors( j) F7 }. M7 L( E
54. Turning one’s back0 u- q5 d2 O7 `' |: {
" h- a7 O5 \! @. w8 D: X2 @8 ~" y- A* F 3 T9 D5 O3 r: g! z/ `( T
, K" S$ S; t( W( T' F* oTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 r# g' O' ~9 [1 s- g8 a
8 @$ Z5 M5 h# E
* |7 Z) X' }' a$ d/ c# I- M. ~1 D7 _4 v2 g9 G
Ostracism of Persons0 Q, X) _" y% n4 `. K. u
55. Social boycott
6 V# r7 R6 Y, L 56. Selective social boycott; X* S. b: f; |- z7 V$ y: ^* b
57. Lysistratic nonaction" J0 d7 g/ n5 N
58. Excommunication& ?. O# Z7 r! G
59. Interdict" ]3 A5 x% v) @# p0 u1 d5 o4 b
9 `" B* K$ _& W* \6 {, Y( l$ J0 j
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; I& l4 r/ |) O; c# B# j7 I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. _* x5 M, @ Q: V: d* @ 61. Boycott of social affairs
0 o' l: y0 o. x8 P8 N5 h 62. Student strike
6 v( \, a& O2 j1 R/ ?" { 63. Social disobedience: G- W& Q& [8 Z$ \7 S2 x
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 A1 ~/ s. X# l9 t$ [% U! B- K/ z2 m+ ?
Withdrawal from the Social System8 C4 ^$ w+ C; ^% Y J9 \ G3 M
65. Stay-at-home
7 }4 H! M3 J! s. g! k 66. Total personal noncooperation
% U+ R7 P& d% O) l) k: n 67. “Flight” of workers( d3 d4 u# q. k0 L9 S: D
68. Sanctuary. c2 Y$ z& U v# {
69. Collective disappearance8 W$ j( x, y" [- U* L# c, S$ ]# P
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
- u9 T9 Q G) j3 t- ^, H( r& E8 g; p: D2 O: }* s: E
7 x; c0 L% X( n! S/ N
/ b* G( n8 ^$ t+ m, aTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
" S$ P4 U7 z+ Q) i( |6 c6 p9 S( B; u7 s0 y% t
. m' r2 N4 |. j6 Y6 E# DActions by Consumers
; q1 q+ V$ M5 d- n* e2 T: i7 x 71. Consumers’ boycott) Z" ~ A$ D% R( C% Y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) \( F+ l2 E H' J% L1 R
73. Policy of austerity
0 \! o1 R& O9 `, z7 T+ C+ ` 74. Rent withholding; ^) H v( C$ u& h3 U M0 P
75. Refusal to rent" }. P* ]$ M: P/ H- z1 J. f# f A1 M
76. National consumers’ boycott1 E/ S% i D) n) ?
77. International consumers’ boycott
5 D( k! a% J; h
9 J4 J0 ?" Q0 W% `- d5 e$ RAction by Workers and Producers! r: o/ \3 d/ q4 m5 c4 p
78. Workmen’s boycott% O) \5 H7 ~" Z0 D1 q
79. Producers’ boycott
% c7 r7 h, W/ C/ N+ [" b/ q: O' B' `
Action by Middlemen
) _& z& B( i1 q& Q6 e" t# e 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# B. c7 g: Z9 {1 W* X& H
4 [* L; Z% _1 ?# ~) IAction by Owners and Management
) F" {! R7 Y$ u7 ]* m 81. Traders’ boycott
. p3 [9 L8 S( l8 u- p3 f# B 82. Refusal to let or sell property
' ^$ J2 v" K+ b" t 83. Lockout) S% t) g% _6 s |5 `* i: @) K' [! ^+ x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) T$ W# u, M0 S3 x2 f1 b% l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 T: | F& \, |8 _( A& O& J
: J0 _& I- ^7 M& F4 |! }% q$ M
Action by Holders of Financial Resources2 @; [" P2 x3 N; B) G, C+ i
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( J1 }5 {1 t5 f0 M2 x J
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; W$ n9 d/ v$ R/ A" b7 z/ `) [
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: ?6 c6 W9 I! P) X* J/ W a 89. Severance of funds and credit t. a0 J' Z z. T9 H k+ r/ _
90. Revenue refusal
# I/ u8 ?( k5 \. H! b6 H; h' u 91. Refusal of a government’s money/ \) {* ^4 \( t- `/ K# H
! X3 Q" {% Z" _8 E: O. ~/ ?1 p3 c
Action by Governments
# I; E7 u$ V' I$ P+ K) R 92. Domestic embargo# y/ E! u. p9 k) @. T, e
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 N! c. s' E% ~# K% p8 {1 t 94. International sellers’ embargo
( O( V7 f: V) x+ R7 J 95. International buyers’ embargo
- {; }0 k" S' u 96. International trade embargo
9 K3 ^! g! Q# G- g' m, X, m' [) ]5 f: Q# W4 h2 P' |
6 z- c* q- i+ |2 S0 K- k n
6 N* x, M; u' Y+ ^5 XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
) V2 |2 c! `7 Y: T; ~) P M# \1 k
8 o6 ?$ c7 N# u 2 a% ~. l2 [7 b' M: s, k
Symbolic Strikes
# C3 ]2 l9 [2 M( |0 |* i 97. Protest strike
& t5 B9 l0 y% J# c( L- d. g 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% {- v! ^6 J. U# w6 k! w n3 p
( V. s+ M3 W+ _' Y eAgricultural Strikes+ H8 Q$ b. \6 B5 T
99. Peasant strike2 U% L, ]. S: b O: l7 C
100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 ~% N; [2 J$ l* ~ j7 K
, h* D) ]. W+ a" q# o" wStrikes by Special Groups
' @6 A& N- o6 ]0 A6 u- E/ X 101. Refusal of impressed labor% W4 G0 F/ V! h3 L
102. Prisoners’ strike$ Q" T# G/ C; Z# I
103. Craft strike' @5 g3 x6 L, m( C$ R7 C4 P5 L
104. Professional strike
9 m) ~* ?; m# n* ^" X% i
3 z3 ?/ p. `4 h: H! JOrdinary Industrial Strikes
& S9 R& F" y K# X 105. Establishment strike
$ v& r. m" c8 ~/ r% P% P& X0 O 106. Industry strike
5 G6 O( ?, B, @, ^1 _ 107. Sympathetic strike7 v7 P' M! I; D' C
- n1 I |, Y4 JRestricted Strikes4 F# s0 X$ W P! E R- o: A
108. Detailed strike2 R& ^1 x) S: O3 u6 p4 D4 A5 V& s
109. Bumper strike
4 f! R) v$ [+ @7 ? 110. Slowdown strike- [: j: x3 p8 B+ V; t+ e: ^
111. Working-to-rule strike" S2 y ?, j( [* B+ |% l) V
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 e4 y, {; s2 O+ F0 O% k9 ^0 E 113. Strike by resignation
4 i& ~0 w. Z+ A6 Y 114. Limited strike
k! V4 t& ?7 E4 o 115. Selective strike
d5 \# \1 a2 I. F z' U' K" k- b7 p' `6 p/ U# x, z1 r& x
Multi-Industry Strikes, m n- X: L2 X9 E# d8 @
) a: {0 B: c( [ 116. Generalized strike
2 n+ Y0 d( \6 {3 ]2 y" T( Q j2 Q- A- ~! I5 }7 B/ j6 A( ?
117. General strike
# s4 d; n1 D7 {! b1 |$ C% m: `, T2 ?* t' U5 l" {7 h& y- u
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 u7 o5 V0 h i2 e
$ K2 A0 v) n, \# Q 118. Hartal; `& V4 A$ p" i
1 Y8 ]/ Y' z& j% v! f& n( n% P2 N
119. Economic shutdown
7 a c6 b7 t: o
% c0 a! p/ j0 C) I# i 9 \- X5 z& R0 P
X% \8 X5 \: z ]2 C1 J# y) o$ ATHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 B6 J% G: u/ _5 }
9 \- y2 s o) b 2 E& r6 ^1 z" C8 c
Rejection of Authority
3 a! {5 m- O+ y- N 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ t) F2 j _8 e- |) B+ B 121. Refusal of public support
- g- ]" n7 V9 @+ P$ |+ y; |( q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
& ]; U) x* M+ w7 ^' i
: r, Z, D/ u+ P" `* h/ HCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. j8 |3 M6 v' g 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% o5 W4 }0 i. c
124. Boycott of elections
( _6 d* Y" t: C+ ` 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- y; J$ |+ F8 m, U) F+ J' [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 N" o* h0 }# Y7 f" p: B; `
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 X4 S3 l4 c" k6 i/ h: }: I4 j* Y9 B
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 R* r/ G8 ]8 ^4 K* N 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 k: g q& b% R: [9 a5 s: A 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 f: ]" x, w1 L+ U
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* g; C/ } x4 H/ g! C 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 M, @/ H9 l* d+ |- r6 o- N7 D* {3 {- c$ `6 z# I0 |4 g, I* Z" @
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
) n1 z# N! p8 _$ [8 ` 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* e8 ~% m9 w/ l4 j# C' ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 ~+ C- j- c6 H' M 135. Popular nonobedience
. T% F* V/ n& m! u* q5 { v 136. Disguised disobedience; c* V' M" }( _! D; B/ [4 b
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ I0 H: ]$ }' c0 k 138. Sitdown) i- \% T. l) @ q$ G/ [2 ]8 c
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. m5 g& z# v$ e
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 Z4 e0 ?+ |0 }5 T2 ]! @
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 M- a% i$ r& g5 E" j
& k: L& V9 m& e# z/ b5 LAction by Government Personnel4 t0 s* k( V5 u6 [% H# ?& [
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; ^# j4 g7 I1 P3 @
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& t a2 r% T" L2 k0 y/ [3 p 144. Stalling and obstruction1 r9 U+ D, l+ w6 V
145. General administrative noncooperation
2 o! g0 h6 j3 {
% J4 j& Z4 T9 s& y+ E0 ?& ~+ u r% _ 146. Judicial noncooperation
, |( e# q# t( y4 C% v 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" f6 f3 P5 v" r3 r0 V) @ 148. Mutiny2 J' C+ B( {% v8 ? U
Domestic Governmental Action1 u% O% ` I1 d9 }1 V1 K+ P. x
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, e8 }! z" u( _) G
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! M; L, @& {; m
' L7 v9 g6 ~% x+ D ?; ~3 x6 NInternational Governmental Action
M6 `# R5 H: C2 _ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 Z7 g \* d4 \0 \
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events P3 v- _% x# F( U
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ [, v$ i, s* v; C' M 154. Severance of diplomatic relations: N- R: K5 h- W1 o
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* J) |. L) g$ O; `4 t5 X3 s7 B8 x+ O 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" p! _4 n9 ?/ I! s0 `. n$ S 157. Expulsion from international organizations
: I/ s' A; ~" w% W9 s0 Y( X
* J+ ] K) W8 U" ?0 S( k% W/ s 8 S1 j" ^: R. E1 G% r n
& G. j/ v8 | {9 t* v( V# vTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ `% A8 a6 r, \
3 V# Z) J4 r2 J/ @+ r* u- G/ q
: T- ^& b+ G6 j: ^3 vPsychological Intervention4 }, `* ]/ a1 B$ v: D3 _( r+ g- |! l
158. Self-exposure to the elements8 K8 ?3 T9 M1 I5 v# f
159. The fast
; j" |6 C! e( g: P a) Fast of moral pressure
4 L. s, L& @! i1 D b, x b) Hunger strike
& H$ P3 y/ F V0 W3 |( I7 u7 x" i c) Satyagrahic fast
, R& e6 G- g( G8 J; D! l5 T' W4 b) c 160. Reverse trial' z3 x4 [+ J8 K- C$ U. E0 Q
161. Nonviolent harassment
- q/ Y7 l% o3 x& R# T! A, d( K/ x. _! y/ l& Z0 ]
Physical Intervention+ P7 ]$ D& v! D
162. Sit-in
, a( c& U6 P0 U( ~ O 163. Stand-in
( G$ Y3 @4 b( _8 ? 164. Ride-in% ~6 r+ c! C- _ Z6 |: ~
165. Wade-in+ s `7 o% T9 h5 d9 v4 E2 ]6 }4 |
166. Mill-in, v8 A* a, `' s* B
167. Pray-in
0 e+ H/ p x4 W$ p! u 168. Nonviolent raids* H) n. m7 Y3 a; A! X$ k- L
169. Nonviolent air raids8 U& E$ q k1 o
170. Nonviolent invasion
! X' }5 u# c, V& n* S4 `. |# @ 171. Nonviolent interjection
. i# P5 }' q- R9 ?8 c4 |% T 172. Nonviolent obstruction
- a% B0 x& M x# a2 O! x 173. Nonviolent occupation1 r5 {* H' r- e6 U8 O
3 n& j5 T$ x* P8 @; H3 _8 l- g: c3 S0 HSocial Intervention- ]- J$ d& y7 C. V+ p5 G) a5 G4 E* Q
174. Establishing new social patterns8 X$ P: R/ [- h8 n9 i3 \' T/ J
175. Overloading of facilities8 e# W0 y ]/ R) R9 T6 Z% V9 U
176. Stall-in
8 s* D5 I* r7 u 177. Speak-in* S" ?" p1 e3 V
178. Guerrilla theater% c( y: x" m& {" f
179. Alternative social institutions, O$ [3 N- r, y" b
180. Alternative communication system' }3 S2 Y: [2 ]1 z" n2 e
( F8 T/ _8 ]6 G7 PEconomic Intervention3 Z+ |- F o" m' k; }( X+ F- A
181. Reverse strike
6 X' D5 j7 I% @% f' U0 V+ J, ? 182. Stay-in strike8 t8 P& i9 X+ x
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& i: q/ G5 ?# I2 F: n& c 184. Defiance of blockades0 i$ i% d! |5 |0 p6 K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 G3 z+ ^) U: L0 t6 p4 M* ] 186. Preclusive purchasing
+ D+ |& z* y' T! l6 y+ P2 S 187. Seizure of assets/ l. M, I, p( [4 x: @
188. Dumping
J6 @, E6 @6 i N" \# |5 i8 ~: L 189. Selective patronage2 T: I u) l8 O" n
190. Alternative markets
3 [% X0 P- R7 ]3 ?& X 191. Alternative transportation systems
9 A& y- _/ k& U& g# K1 F 192. Alternative economic institutions: G( M) j' ~7 `7 S4 V( K3 v
6 G# z% |% Y: |8 hPolitical Intervention
5 b* X, E* x8 J1 |( u# w1 u3 i 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 R L0 L1 j! |& J7 G; W( s! q3 ` 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ _3 G: ]# H+ d 195. Seeking imprisonment2 h5 b! |! F3 B8 X v
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; `9 X/ y9 A- } 197. Work-on without collaboration/ d6 U+ M8 W- K: H+ | m# H: I. k
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% {$ R& N9 r+ j; r% w
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
