 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: H; V0 n+ m! P# xFormal Statements
" l5 e. z! @( Y6 B0 o% ^2 q 1. Public Speeches
) _; Z: k4 W/ Y- s4 O0 u% _ 2. Letters of opposition or support
0 t. t- ]; P& X 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ `: h3 X9 W: _+ T
4. Signed public statements
/ u8 s% V% A9 C# }* J0 b0 Y( ~ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention; ?: e Z9 x: L# g& C! z
6. Group or mass petitions
/ f }7 N5 c; a1 Z4 p" R# _5 ^/ @6 Y: a% |9 {7 [' v
Communications with a Wider Audience
' i: B! X+ P: A 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 }% s7 { Y, `' s. s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( } g3 _+ ^3 ^
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ }5 i, b) q+ O$ ~8 m2 A0 C
10. Newspapers and journals
# ^4 a, W9 j. O4 R 11. Records, radio, and television, A+ W h( }' x* J5 o8 C* P3 \
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 @- O; @) ^: _% ]" b, J6 y6 N0 F0 v8 i2 ]+ {1 V1 S/ U
Group Representations
) m2 T! Q( L2 G+ ] 13. Deputations! Q: m! i6 H* g1 o
14. Mock awards' y7 ^5 f. R% W% I- r) e( r
15. Group lobbying
& H! x2 d' Y! x" g 16. Picketing
7 u+ c! I' B# u$ V) x2 I2 a 17. Mock elections
9 q4 H5 F5 a7 y" B
' [0 A+ q. [% x/ dSymbolic Public Acts
5 \ ~2 c. k+ z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* X* N j: ]4 B+ w7 [ 19. Wearing of symbols4 H$ a) ?3 s4 X1 u, M" U
20. Prayer and worship
% _& `8 \& j Q1 _6 z 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 s9 ]6 Z% @. ?4 @# q 22. Protest disrobings) p3 a% \! ^" u5 D) |
23. Destruction of own property( ], q9 n8 z7 c' { X
24. Symbolic lights
) B) N" X& W* f) C: N 25. Displays of portraits2 D: e" S" r u% I0 j
26. Paint as protest
" R3 d$ K, a8 @. J e- n 27. New signs and names
( x: e2 w8 ~& p% `3 v 28. Symbolic sounds
# {: h7 [6 c3 E. v) D+ I" n6 V 29. Symbolic reclamations
1 G: G; r3 X) q% { 30. Rude gestures) B6 P3 j8 h% {
# c. K3 M( {4 h3 V, h d' B# n
Pressures on Individuals
( l5 N1 t3 l; ~8 d0 [ 31. “Haunting” officials
/ u0 |/ \# e. i4 K 32. Taunting officials! h" _3 U% o2 V ~1 ^" Y: ]
33. Fraternization* N" w& H/ @" [! ?, \- f5 d
34. Vigils
2 E& e6 J( x8 F0 _0 v f2 J: D- J0 \5 k, V/ d$ w3 h+ c
Drama and Music! a( b+ A. c9 o1 i
35. Humorous skits and pranks; W, D1 Q+ j3 W( l
36. Performances of plays and music! S) `# ]1 t% }$ W- E D
37. Singing! g! V y( l J: c
9 _1 c4 s% m1 m9 [, DProcessions
9 {% Y; K; ]4 Z! d9 g5 e, k 38. Marches% c, H! g$ o8 L5 z% n
39. Parades6 `8 V1 T J& H2 X
40. Religious processions1 J) A* q9 |2 Z6 k+ c
41. Pilgrimages
( b; s3 P0 g9 V) H 42. Motorcades/ w( V. V" E2 Q, Y. w
1 J8 Z0 |: h. b& h
Honoring the Dead
$ z8 D2 b5 ]( c- ~ n1 V 43. Political mourning) e4 V, t) i! T# a
44. Mock funerals, A7 q6 ?1 |( f" k+ }6 h. r
45. Demonstrative funerals2 l% g' W* |+ b2 C2 p) g
46. Homage at burial places: U( G+ f& {4 d7 z( a
7 u# O, r- e9 j+ F( ~% P& s
Public Assemblies
7 G6 h, f) f1 A4 U 47. Assemblies of protest or support
D) V9 K; B$ E 48. Protest meetings, k, e9 l8 n/ _+ r# ?9 |7 z7 G
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) H" h( [# U) s% ?1 t) X 50. Teach-ins
E/ g G1 Z) x/ c# L; w; B1 k- Q+ }% o# @! y6 J7 G
Withdrawal and Renunciation
- V4 h+ N: u- G5 n5 {" W 51. Walk-outs
( p9 O, J+ l$ ?! {8 s7 b 52. Silence
' }3 p; W& }& p$ U7 G" l8 [# ]- u 53. Renouncing honors/ K# {1 Q+ _' ?+ D. R* `2 {1 G
54. Turning one’s back+ `5 P8 V; O n6 u3 v* T: i
$ U5 W- x7 y) o4 q& H7 H9 D7 P
4 O$ {! _; R. Y2 i* l, s- X+ }0 j; V& }
2 q# Q; {. o ]7 Z) r0 uTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
5 f3 n9 g- [' i4 s7 Z5 o Q6 Y: B+ z/ e3 N) h" D, R
% L$ @( s8 x, n/ o$ g' D
6 A# n) K" A6 ^2 a6 v/ oOstracism of Persons1 o! c2 l4 A' v2 x9 @, h
55. Social boycott, _4 _: f6 b, H' c7 _
56. Selective social boycott, V" Z8 a" p7 N3 B! {: L
57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 M! T1 M! w. u/ v4 y 58. Excommunication
* m Z Z' j8 T1 Z/ \" p 59. Interdict
" X* s6 S9 o6 F+ @2 c6 ]* u# V: R+ r0 s) X! _+ M
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 a1 D. p! N/ f1 z% E7 _5 r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% J+ E# h& H3 ~$ [ 61. Boycott of social affairs
% b# v4 u% M; T+ e9 Q 62. Student strike
: L. U% b0 |( _/ ` 63. Social disobedience
- s0 j+ k! Y8 u% `5 }$ \. I 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 z' E; M; R- n6 }" x4 c9 i9 `
- y, U; T& f; S- C4 SWithdrawal from the Social System. d" m" F# g2 t( k* q4 t2 X
65. Stay-at-home" V, u5 r/ l N; ^! Z4 D# g- X
66. Total personal noncooperation
* d S: Z" L2 n- U4 W 67. “Flight” of workers+ a. m/ K0 h3 S+ F5 M6 y* ?& U
68. Sanctuary
; U$ ^' m2 d$ ]1 S- D) g, D x 69. Collective disappearance. ~' U7 x8 M( M7 o5 i3 n' k
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. V, }6 X3 [$ ?6 D: i4 }
, R7 x% z) d4 m7 i1 _! f" @
. o/ M* }: I% r- m+ p1 aActions by Consumers
3 X6 D) i. Z0 c5 m% M 71. Consumers’ boycott
% q. V) A. Z/ E. t 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) ~/ w# R. I$ e8 W8 O 73. Policy of austerity# m3 Q; d3 B& U% K9 @- _, \
74. Rent withholding* Z8 P7 j% B: O% }7 D
75. Refusal to rent
9 K/ W# U; u3 x. Z1 u# E8 N. n 76. National consumers’ boycott
0 {5 D% } |) H% i9 p1 C8 F 77. International consumers’ boycott" [9 V0 _7 a' o7 m/ B7 L& h
/ g) U0 z2 B& h% _, aAction by Workers and Producers
T+ B8 C8 V1 i3 \, m6 X 78. Workmen’s boycott# \* u. |8 @ A1 }, `
79. Producers’ boycott
' d! e! C" ~8 f. h# a, v( t& M( t6 B8 Y+ L+ @; a% A. ~. F" ~
Action by Middlemen, t- f7 o* `8 S! ]9 c+ _
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) _: Y; I' | Z* z$ ^) I b
/ s2 W6 O* X2 y" @# fAction by Owners and Management/ j/ q Y$ _4 d0 P! q* c
81. Traders’ boycott3 n; y3 y$ y* H7 R
82. Refusal to let or sell property9 M# C3 x( R( n
83. Lockout
4 ^2 r, \3 H* _) g. i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance) l' | `( e7 j, ^; ]2 G+ d$ a4 L
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 `/ d1 W K: K3 S4 H
. C Z9 k* `* \) ~) i) Q1 _' O- IAction by Holders of Financial Resources
8 W# n, X% E h1 b' ]# x6 x 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; i# D2 |) S# a, }: I! i; ~6 c 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
_+ m- ~) i0 x$ m/ [ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. _) D0 y/ a. n4 v1 j4 h 89. Severance of funds and credit H8 }& \; ?+ ^# |% k; z7 s
90. Revenue refusal
- x' v: d. `" g* b$ B- ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money+ r# B* b2 D# |- b/ h& k
0 f3 k7 A* b$ h) oAction by Governments/ [0 Z( r% T" ?- v; e$ @
92. Domestic embargo6 L5 G: Z$ Q% ^7 L1 a* {- T& ~! P. L
93. Blacklisting of traders
0 J7 o: H, r2 D0 b; j; U+ C4 }# Y 94. International sellers’ embargo
( f4 j( q- D% ?: F. _ 95. International buyers’ embargo
& k @# _1 l/ x$ y: t8 g J 96. International trade embargo1 d" b W" k- h
6 {9 Y- E3 b3 j& l4 W
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) b4 a0 F% `4 y$ a1 V0 k+ x/ Z/ STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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( k+ b7 g, c2 P& `Symbolic Strikes! y8 v: d7 O" }5 a! }$ S0 N
97. Protest strike1 _" ^0 s t( M; L7 H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ P' E b) G, R7 X- N) h
# }8 K+ p0 y4 `# }Agricultural Strikes5 k" B3 S+ f6 @* m8 N
99. Peasant strike
4 f8 |# @. F# J D1 d 100. Farm Workers’ strike
- n. G4 c x& s( |' P, y* Y" j* M. k. [( U& h& Z
Strikes by Special Groups
- p" c* O7 E9 b1 \5 `9 t 101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 e) v( u* B# [ 102. Prisoners’ strike
) _# ]: U# y* L+ M1 l8 a* b$ J; b 103. Craft strike
+ j* S8 _; E/ a; \4 C 104. Professional strike' X& e3 C; U( j# O4 M6 |
: d' C; j6 I# e8 {Ordinary Industrial Strikes) y2 t9 h/ [7 ]$ T. P' g
105. Establishment strike! H: A3 K% C. U6 N$ N" @
106. Industry strike) P% H- G9 e( Q, D. ?/ U
107. Sympathetic strike& p$ x% S9 i( u. u) w
1 Z- u ]2 L8 B& n3 ]Restricted Strikes4 C. Y( J. {7 t% r
108. Detailed strike7 v* G9 D; z% g) b
109. Bumper strike+ Y7 N; ~+ s% w+ V0 T/ b
110. Slowdown strike
8 o, k; ?2 A# q2 p" f. k9 [ 111. Working-to-rule strike
5 D( p0 [- C2 a$ i/ D 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& |/ W) Q3 H" N- u
113. Strike by resignation4 V- m/ S6 I$ u( E! ~* x
114. Limited strike9 {0 ^! R. u9 B( K5 t% D
115. Selective strike
' b2 I- U3 V0 }5 z3 r& n# n6 m( X; r6 Z9 ]: J
Multi-Industry Strikes
* O) s" a% W. u1 P& q7 U& e3 b( j, f; Y9 a/ G
116. Generalized strike. f: I2 N" @- h& _
0 o$ H% @6 O. [9 V4 m# h3 l; O( {) k
117. General strike
% [3 ^' O8 u7 Z0 V5 l& [" `3 u( Q; f( ~' H2 g, S0 R; ~% v
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) v, n) J* E9 M
" r, c: j$ W2 B# k9 V' W
118. Hartal
' S2 d5 J% U L/ s% L
$ b9 ?. ~5 e; F7 v: A" Q1 } 119. Economic shutdown6 w5 B& i/ \4 _9 L! F% I- p* l
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8 \" ~; p- O2 X4 v& T! N% W l9 Q H. x( Q5 r$ [
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
; ], G- Z: w0 _6 j9 |; d; y$ y" v, u; M: ?8 y8 C
2 X& T+ m, F8 d- K; Z Q; \- B" ^
Rejection of Authority
6 r, U$ C7 g% L, P2 R# j; Q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 N+ \/ f& O, u% M1 {" l
121. Refusal of public support
0 H8 T1 M. C2 F1 l3 k5 w% L 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 K* e9 b0 ]9 g8 G& G2 C- P3 ^% Q4 z9 Z( Q2 \1 P& R
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government: P; x* o% D+ S' C1 `
123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 }# A0 {) r9 t- U1 f: T
124. Boycott of elections" p% m3 }6 l& V/ S- A% m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* k7 y* g6 c' _- e* x6 V: Z5 J 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 H; S7 D; }9 E9 i# Q; O
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ P# X8 |! b- W
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ _* a- b6 B) I; e, ~" ?
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 N. _+ }! X8 ?, X S P, n5 t
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. i" ~3 w/ D' J. J& x( X
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: f p) r1 D* J# y2 T
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% s7 ^! r1 y, F) ^9 ?' q
7 ], d+ B2 d f4 ], i* rCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience J4 h$ y* z: _
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# Y# d3 u) q6 m
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& ~7 U2 I. R$ N% w! X: x 135. Popular nonobedience
' d( Q: u' _4 ^5 T7 ^4 z9 P$ z9 n' u; w 136. Disguised disobedience
/ m6 a4 B- [4 r1 f7 \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; _: f3 _2 y4 X! R% n! ] 138. Sitdown
D- N5 e# F: j$ r 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 |- Z! Q6 t5 q. k$ w 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% T# t: n R1 f, `9 e, Z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 ^- A! w1 m# U& Q- A' X e$ V& K( }" ], A+ u8 m; b
Action by Government Personnel
( R$ p4 {" D0 B 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" W5 |9 T& `9 z- K6 M( p
143. Blocking of lines of command and information, o9 n. _9 `% Y
144. Stalling and obstruction
2 x4 u* p* o0 E/ Q# h 145. General administrative noncooperation
R0 N7 p2 r' W5 v& E& U, r
1 h7 G$ L& r3 x& G4 b0 L 146. Judicial noncooperation6 h' J" _8 h8 @# {% C; }; S7 q% G
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ v2 k6 e* R! n) @ g* C3 h5 K 148. Mutiny* D( W, {6 B' J7 \6 L
Domestic Governmental Action
9 `7 u2 _# e( R/ Z0 N% `0 j: h, M 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! N1 n5 [8 c, c; j- a5 ]. X4 K 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( A2 n$ r/ R r t. b' f
3 R+ u9 W4 j+ _ m" V
International Governmental Action
1 p. C- s4 d; D' N5 u 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% w# W5 U6 B/ }' q/ c+ \2 I% i) p 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 ^7 t6 j; U3 z6 l 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& R. F- o. C2 i) e: }1 l6 M
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 h2 G4 [- [% Z& ~) | 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 G- j9 F" F0 A/ l& L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies( E9 ?) ^ I; t+ g/ l& `" F$ r6 A2 _
157. Expulsion from international organizations; f' C; j4 l3 q! x
" f" ^8 }# G" }. H3 M/ t; I; D
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8 X" H3 j2 ]/ A
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 X) S# V2 ^+ B4 E( _
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. C. H7 s( d. t5 `2 sPsychological Intervention; B9 {! T- n7 \% b% s5 K
158. Self-exposure to the elements" L4 v. z |0 }
159. The fast
* A7 {! l# L' d3 A) v a) Fast of moral pressure/ C/ k& [' h7 `( R7 v+ z) G
b) Hunger strike* M# n( e) h+ N X: \ Z
c) Satyagrahic fast' u& X' W! G5 J
160. Reverse trial N; k( Z% Q$ r) l# z, I
161. Nonviolent harassment2 G) J$ `) G9 [: q1 {
6 x1 O" Y$ B( E' M, V0 g. IPhysical Intervention
8 \1 e. H- E0 q; y `& J: J 162. Sit-in
& L% a6 n+ n) F+ H 163. Stand-in
; x8 V7 S8 r# Q* r1 B 164. Ride-in1 A C; A( x/ l0 A
165. Wade-in
I. t/ }1 k% N) @3 j9 ^& b 166. Mill-in# }4 Y& G* b9 D% q" L: }
167. Pray-in% o7 e1 u2 i) @1 Z3 K2 L+ v
168. Nonviolent raids
$ A! i6 n" `9 ^' O; O$ ~ 169. Nonviolent air raids
) u1 [- _8 y) } 170. Nonviolent invasion0 ^1 j% h; K1 n/ A7 N
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 Z$ [3 {1 p5 [0 r" u 172. Nonviolent obstruction6 ^2 l0 H3 M* T1 V& L/ ~
173. Nonviolent occupation
1 p2 ~" I( q6 N# j% m2 B8 U3 e( _# J! R: L6 B$ U8 d2 k
Social Intervention+ D5 O. j7 M5 m* L8 e
174. Establishing new social patterns% H. g! S7 u8 G$ K1 a& S+ r
175. Overloading of facilities
+ |, g/ B* c1 @) ` 176. Stall-in& E; R4 K. R0 y: \& ~
177. Speak-in
2 m! O9 z, W1 H6 r 178. Guerrilla theater4 e: S1 B" h9 R: M# r
179. Alternative social institutions
' `8 f" ~7 D- q/ O7 s% }# r 180. Alternative communication system5 t! ?6 P" b5 m8 h
& Z5 J' \( A+ j+ YEconomic Intervention y- _; ]6 K* n7 I/ o
181. Reverse strike$ D/ h0 k2 V) [& x3 g# E
182. Stay-in strike; F3 A4 q( F6 U+ A) s. E/ z
183. Nonviolent land seizure
b4 B q% I3 x9 K4 @ \# U7 f 184. Defiance of blockades
8 B% Z; s) L5 N5 M9 e# x( K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! `. C) N2 P" ~5 _: t0 H$ b 186. Preclusive purchasing! @, T( s6 j& X* D0 e6 j `
187. Seizure of assets
! E3 P% R7 Y9 i1 f& P 188. Dumping' S$ y5 C o* l
189. Selective patronage0 C ~9 K' i8 R# Y/ T
190. Alternative markets
" [$ e6 H- [/ d) f 191. Alternative transportation systems
# m/ M7 y+ N$ U5 c2 W, X' ^. ~ 192. Alternative economic institutions
0 a. O9 B5 ?: J+ a& z' b' `1 S4 a+ i) _
Political Intervention
* Q$ f5 ?' Z7 ?. n 193. Overloading of administrative systems6 n$ |. V# `! }) b8 \
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 J! @6 K& a( ]$ ]" `) T7 K
195. Seeking imprisonment! F5 G$ ~% t/ V+ K& |
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 i5 p# x9 [" w# V) `: y9 c 197. Work-on without collaboration( R* \8 O# y7 Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
