 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ p8 x2 Z3 k0 C4 ?Formal Statements
) u/ H0 m& z. z# N. Q 1. Public Speeches5 t' `2 B2 c4 l9 V+ T7 Z$ C' Q
2. Letters of opposition or support
' z: q9 j- Y$ [. _' m 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ k# ?( w" }/ N 4. Signed public statements
! n2 V& Y& l+ y$ \' c* B; ~0 { 5. Declarations of indictment and intention) e; N8 f) T7 E1 w3 e% v& k* j
6. Group or mass petitions5 G6 _) t5 H6 `4 k
6 g0 y2 c' \9 P
Communications with a Wider Audience
+ A$ X3 l& c5 Y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ c5 E* {7 X# k2 K. |
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: M3 X% v* e2 U- [6 A 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 t ~1 n% `9 E, R
10. Newspapers and journals
6 t- X3 ^/ y8 }7 ~! b* U 11. Records, radio, and television
$ c6 O' g" d# ]! x2 X' _ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting, ~ b+ U: l( a5 }1 F) s! i
+ F# S& o, u' {7 p) ~Group Representations; J. p3 j5 L! R) G* b! y( P
13. Deputations- B( _! R+ D& D5 O' D8 [
14. Mock awards
! w. w/ k5 I4 c 15. Group lobbying- x8 S) h# A* d$ x
16. Picketing2 O" T4 j, j( w2 |
17. Mock elections& M% v" g; Z* R4 ?& U
" H8 z2 j8 P- x5 JSymbolic Public Acts
" n' L( o: Y/ N# {( B 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( t) [% |1 `1 z0 D
19. Wearing of symbols
. B, v o( ? [ 20. Prayer and worship% m( A! Z D2 x
21. Delivering symbolic objects' B' ^" p* q# x. L
22. Protest disrobings
- J- W) t- |# S3 j; R) D 23. Destruction of own property
' s/ q$ A/ ~; z% v4 N m/ U9 F! N 24. Symbolic lights7 F, b0 p" x* y- Z2 O
25. Displays of portraits2 b& O& v( a7 ^9 |/ M" ~8 g- ~5 i8 i
26. Paint as protest5 p, {/ X0 e0 ]) A
27. New signs and names' @- z* i1 I# j$ [2 u: M; Q
28. Symbolic sounds
% m" g4 X y* `+ w$ q; X3 _ 29. Symbolic reclamations- O) k3 K% T5 \- X' H( r: [. Q
30. Rude gestures& \$ x3 ^2 v% y8 J3 g
0 y+ l! {/ G7 ?7 a/ f$ |# b
Pressures on Individuals
' d3 f( f7 Z. ]) a7 S8 q/ G; \ 31. “Haunting” officials
5 I6 D' P* e1 f" { }+ _ X" [. z 32. Taunting officials
6 G4 D# b, ?8 B# i 33. Fraternization
$ A: g% r2 M3 E: W* B 34. Vigils
3 [. a! o4 z3 R3 S) c# t! g; B2 j; ^# }4 d# V
Drama and Music* k3 f: Z1 `- h# ^) L) I
35. Humorous skits and pranks) W7 K3 u% s+ p: y% d
36. Performances of plays and music7 @" e9 ?0 \4 M" C& ~
37. Singing
2 T/ r# _1 S) W& Q. N7 }) c- z: \7 w) { ~) N0 E% i
Processions. E" S9 @$ E, r R" ~$ f
38. Marches
" J- a6 I1 }5 j! \/ f3 Q& u5 Q) ^* ] 39. Parades% x* g5 q- p( I( C% F2 E6 f d! }3 k
40. Religious processions* r% M) T' n4 K; }) ?
41. Pilgrimages. I) Z6 k2 U3 z& J
42. Motorcades
- ?) l( ]4 a5 v" U- _& u4 T! \5 {1 d/ ]1 m
Honoring the Dead! P+ N. O4 s' Y& U
43. Political mourning: @$ Q2 b! }4 a# W0 _" n+ @
44. Mock funerals
) K. M ~8 O7 s; i 45. Demonstrative funerals2 I8 g6 @: A: \) A6 n
46. Homage at burial places
7 {& v" v: W @5 M: M1 P1 H: a3 Q4 G$ V0 l; S n, V. x
Public Assemblies
3 E/ h; a. G5 `) ^ 47. Assemblies of protest or support4 r4 h% x" H5 ]) Q; ~# N
48. Protest meetings
G) n1 \# I. Z3 b3 r# t# _- {4 b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; }" Q2 x+ y: ~1 C3 M$ h 50. Teach-ins
. m8 @. e& S- \/ y: @. s/ i( h# V* [/ P" B9 _* _0 T" J
Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 c8 B3 }( U+ U9 L 51. Walk-outs
. n& g& _* B6 C6 N 52. Silence
6 j `2 o6 Y' ]0 X+ [! }# W 53. Renouncing honors
/ _8 S6 ^" h: l& J% }8 z/ n \4 L 54. Turning one’s back
9 N, [8 }; E/ F p8 d& o: N, ]* l9 u, |- F' U2 T) a0 }
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% L/ W6 k& F1 `9 R5 Z2 o( _; ATHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' c7 [- p7 d5 H
2 c3 ], T6 J+ |. d3 R
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Ostracism of Persons9 W- k; y0 i- X$ Q6 I0 K& s* M
55. Social boycott6 N/ ]; t" Q2 m
56. Selective social boycott
1 l9 ~- B9 o' ^% \8 V( Z4 [ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 M5 h: i+ r- v+ S" \* I& B 58. Excommunication
/ F. W: F. E, G( e: ` 59. Interdict* E$ W5 H6 y: \. U9 G: u" l
7 H# s! k I7 ~* V. A7 pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( q4 t5 k+ S/ V$ f7 }& E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities% t$ v7 ^. E2 ^; {% j2 `
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 q' @5 t; [6 @; B 62. Student strike
; `5 R0 p$ j- U( L! z: a$ P 63. Social disobedience
' {7 z8 h; P t9 w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ y8 S4 } m9 H1 D
. X. _3 Q. I9 N9 I" wWithdrawal from the Social System8 M; w# h3 A, c
65. Stay-at-home
% j+ C3 u. a1 R 66. Total personal noncooperation
- H- c- I: O* t 67. “Flight” of workers
8 O2 r e a1 F0 u& ~% B5 A$ H" U 68. Sanctuary( ?; h7 L# f$ b- V& x
69. Collective disappearance5 o) I3 f( _& ^7 ~: v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat), B; |5 ~0 L/ u$ c) z2 e$ Q. M
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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+ A5 n9 w# j) q+ BActions by Consumers! C8 w4 _) O! ^+ H
71. Consumers’ boycott2 B- L2 O7 X% q* M
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- P! a& m* T, l! a. a. n 73. Policy of austerity# l' Y) E9 s* c+ N# S
74. Rent withholding' i9 x/ \& I2 M. l
75. Refusal to rent5 V& ?: m2 R* U
76. National consumers’ boycott; \: G8 N: b: v+ _. O, H% \- ]1 w0 j1 M
77. International consumers’ boycott0 B8 F$ J, z1 j7 @
8 b. Q0 ]3 R$ o3 H+ n. oAction by Workers and Producers& Q0 e) U& u, Y- q
78. Workmen’s boycott
$ x# R+ f$ X! r- f0 }( W) W" M 79. Producers’ boycott1 m ]& d3 A5 [9 n4 F( I5 [
4 j w1 \: Z) @$ b
Action by Middlemen
# c" {$ O. {: i* t! }. d 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
J6 d& X) J1 l& I0 r% X8 f: n0 y( b! O( e s6 B$ E, ^6 T
Action by Owners and Management
+ {7 z0 A6 D% }: v 81. Traders’ boycott
/ a( ?- w( L& h% _* `( T 82. Refusal to let or sell property
, n! f" l0 l0 x* N7 ^7 b- r 83. Lockout: C2 ~4 w. W: L2 }" m4 U& W! }0 j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ G" X' i6 V, E. W( { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”" Q4 _3 E7 e$ C3 W' \
& b& r( ?& Z% T! C% D1 T. f# C
Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ P2 g' }: ~5 _$ i* O; T
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' R. a7 D3 u! I5 A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ d* v2 N5 o4 P. L S3 Z' U 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* L0 s$ \4 G4 D M# o; b- L
89. Severance of funds and credit
[ }) D! g3 A N, t 90. Revenue refusal
7 t `" S, u, C( _3 `* e+ d% G 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 P9 ^6 w F4 B
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Action by Governments
% a1 \" I/ V) g, j4 N5 X" O; l 92. Domestic embargo7 t1 A. v3 J9 D$ Q9 g- H
93. Blacklisting of traders
/ p3 ?0 r" L9 W8 I8 o" } 94. International sellers’ embargo8 H# n* K' i: I9 Y a
95. International buyers’ embargo$ H0 G# Z4 o# n/ b5 Y; E
96. International trade embargo0 y/ C6 t. S; u
C3 b$ Q0 o& ]6 l
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 L1 _2 Y0 b5 t
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Symbolic Strikes
5 n. k3 _6 e! h5 \& w4 m |; r7 O$ m 97. Protest strike
5 G$ o7 u1 m) @8 o0 x) n0 x3 { 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 C& T' u0 A' I5 P; D
: V: k L/ E AAgricultural Strikes
6 a4 q* V' @; D! f( g. a5 [ 99. Peasant strike; q/ g8 U8 e. i g
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 N3 Y, x5 c, |# D+ o$ ^
7 Q: w Z$ c9 ]# f- d& s9 I
Strikes by Special Groups
5 j- V; F, C+ ^% |& ] 101. Refusal of impressed labor' T- `9 y; f2 B* `7 X7 E
102. Prisoners’ strike8 d% k% _( r* N) Y: t% N
103. Craft strike
5 q* \. |9 L. B" m* H1 i7 W, J 104. Professional strike
U( h/ A6 v1 S" R( }+ s' s- j' f
: d |% U$ m R, ]Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ e/ i5 L# V% c
105. Establishment strike3 s0 R3 h) s, E( K9 t
106. Industry strike
! w Y( w" U) Y 107. Sympathetic strike% \( j5 d; v" t* c( L; \ ^
# w) [+ D% i0 h) j0 Q. q
Restricted Strikes
9 b: f* i: S: { 108. Detailed strike W. i1 [; C" S
109. Bumper strike
) @% q" x; x: V0 {! B: ] 110. Slowdown strike. {" ]+ g# |( x) N! a
111. Working-to-rule strike
% V$ p" q& Q7 X/ ^/ M, L9 a; b6 v 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# O9 p G1 O5 U L+ K/ T0 F
113. Strike by resignation6 Z0 q$ T9 ^1 w4 ~
114. Limited strike! t- Q0 d7 F$ I1 s+ v+ V
115. Selective strike* j+ c2 b+ H% O( ~% c) M
0 V" |% F; ^4 }% E1 AMulti-Industry Strikes h. N0 o% }0 o e" [# {; E
& h. C8 Z- O5 T
116. Generalized strike% B [, u( m0 P& h
G2 k+ d! E* f9 e: q 117. General strike
9 E2 b0 e; Q: I* b4 T8 K( v4 c$ k2 b# N* F! E- O% h% R
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; u3 l% D6 f2 R8 n, P
1 K* K/ }+ W" n$ `! Y; d4 _8 S 118. Hartal
8 N8 G2 E& w7 h1 |6 Q& p
! t% o) H' M. w* ~ 119. Economic shutdown2 k* A0 Z& ^; u( c Q$ o; K
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7 B4 g- v7 D$ ?9 X% O! G6 T3 @4 }2 D u4 y& K5 ~; a" H
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
4 D B( r$ o7 s: Y0 n9 u4 b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# N4 y/ W$ P- q" v! @! S; N6 p2 W 121. Refusal of public support
- A& S. o! D. t; y- e- e 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& \5 I# L8 K2 a/ z! `: \1 k$ P6 R
# d( L. w7 e: B( c+ qCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. e! p( |( s$ c 123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 M; ^0 U( j. r& F2 A# f
124. Boycott of elections
) p6 L2 c- I" b; T9 P 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, B9 q$ r3 f+ U) W1 x& b 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; j% t" k6 G0 o% v& x
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions n" P. f7 n, [0 }+ J
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ j" S+ o7 h" p" u6 A% r/ u
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" m% w O, Z( C& E6 p" r3 }7 Y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
O* b" P* V8 U( Q8 s* A& k$ ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, I* W9 o H% U4 [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 R- e% u& o9 k
1 E$ g; o, [: A7 Y7 }4 ?6 ICitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 g. ]4 A8 y' G* \; z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" B% I: E# j0 R) i- F( E1 L5 U( S 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- d4 O/ L7 _" {6 n( ?
135. Popular nonobedience
& j& w. D" B# r x; l 136. Disguised disobedience
# d+ l, i: K, J4 I. g 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 T* N! k5 O k: ?
138. Sitdown% E* n7 m* Q! \: N- y" }# N" q. R$ s
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ t1 J( w* s4 p" @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
v; |" n2 o2 y: b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) @+ m" w. W$ Q$ K
( [0 q( l3 _0 ~; d9 K- T8 r
Action by Government Personnel3 o! q+ ~! p: ~1 {7 U" I: G. u$ g
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
, O9 e6 I* p& O7 g% b# a 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! g, f- j: ^; F5 {& ~7 B( [8 C 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 U; e! {; o! d |' I 145. General administrative noncooperation
( e8 @( i" S* y/ l( G6 n0 J% K) U( @; q* F$ u1 ~8 I
146. Judicial noncooperation& v; z" [" c x" h4 g: y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# a, b: p; m1 ^7 T4 Z 148. Mutiny
2 X! }5 i n RDomestic Governmental Action) P2 U; P1 t( _0 `4 B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: s+ l; w0 V/ \+ D" I; w p& A$ B# V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 I0 M- v8 E; Y6 v# n# j# U
4 E' v, E8 T' q
International Governmental Action5 }) e- s! o) v' r
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) B8 g- X A8 \) b T. U 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, V. w/ |2 a. Q4 T! `9 a6 m
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition' L- a9 n7 u6 U+ W
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 B+ v' K& P. h6 D( U% A' G8 M 155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 N+ f7 K: d [3 V
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' t! Q I! x- N( N( W 157. Expulsion from international organizations) z- G6 Z# B, v- r
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& t, l! b5 _- PTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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. W+ _ g8 i9 }* j; G7 HPsychological Intervention$ h" [0 X" f y6 q- h) r% s( U
158. Self-exposure to the elements) j2 k/ S+ @! O- L: i. e2 V; F
159. The fast
+ q. V- \/ ?0 M& c+ P6 H1 F a) Fast of moral pressure
9 ^# u+ Z, B; C( p% l0 U7 L: P, g7 Y b) Hunger strike; t! _4 n Y t* o$ i
c) Satyagrahic fast
$ |) C# r4 T6 F" ~ 160. Reverse trial Y8 O9 }( }& a- ]) d( x4 C
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention4 D8 Y& o$ k6 L. H7 ^, K2 m$ F, H. A
162. Sit-in# |; o f. l( D; z5 _ M8 P0 i$ R# m
163. Stand-in
9 @4 Q0 f7 ]9 f- r 164. Ride-in
$ T c9 S5 o! C8 u; L: G* U$ V 165. Wade-in. r- K+ ~9 H J' K$ X. h
166. Mill-in& L' a; Z! l0 k6 B
167. Pray-in
1 p$ y" ?7 @% c' F& k 168. Nonviolent raids
1 \5 m8 E& y# _$ x; U, a 169. Nonviolent air raids/ B9 {* p2 x! K" W) ]! j
170. Nonviolent invasion/ q3 ^2 Y5 E) z' A3 i- m8 K
171. Nonviolent interjection
& n2 a6 x; }8 i% e2 d 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) b, n4 g+ z2 v( x% R* v* b 173. Nonviolent occupation
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2 H/ [2 i% M0 v( g5 }3 OSocial Intervention
% i8 J9 @; _5 G9 n; m' c 174. Establishing new social patterns( v$ o1 Y3 q6 L n$ {* M4 U
175. Overloading of facilities" k, h" R7 O& w+ w* l5 @& `
176. Stall-in
6 e8 R9 j, {+ p4 H% K 177. Speak-in
. c- ~' Z, L" ]; q6 B* H7 s 178. Guerrilla theater8 P7 f- \$ `; |) k4 u# ^" B
179. Alternative social institutions5 ?" X* _# X- R; x: h- X
180. Alternative communication system/ P/ I: N- L- Y$ q' a7 a& D- ], s8 e1 p
0 D7 p+ u, b2 \4 n6 dEconomic Intervention
1 x1 w1 b& u9 p* P; Z* g) a 181. Reverse strike1 O8 p8 E8 O% }- C8 P+ s# \
182. Stay-in strike
) h! ^$ R7 z6 \# ]$ f5 [. \; ^2 I 183. Nonviolent land seizure M9 `+ M" `' f& i
184. Defiance of blockades
) v+ Z6 k L. @. Q1 @" Z8 A5 X" l9 x 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, I. u, Z5 V( M4 g) A" r
186. Preclusive purchasing
8 `! X8 Z9 \, Y7 p0 N 187. Seizure of assets
) x9 k6 Y) F' [ F" O 188. Dumping6 T+ \& Y! r2 n' F! I( V( k
189. Selective patronage
2 Z- J& f& j" o8 ]' k# ] 190. Alternative markets+ R- G2 u4 f3 ]# N9 }2 D2 p
191. Alternative transportation systems" R8 h: J2 p: ~, S4 E. a
192. Alternative economic institutions
9 a5 D" |5 h! v; f( G9 ~' L7 X `4 f0 i5 x' s8 f* Q
Political Intervention
, g, n: H! Z K" q( c: I2 }( t 193. Overloading of administrative systems1 Y) K; _* b+ D$ N
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 M. E% c& |" c* e J, p
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 {8 T5 P' n3 R M) [ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% m1 r5 l/ S% O D) A
197. Work-on without collaboration
4 }: d/ i4 Q5 v 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 |$ z5 F- W4 y' _8 x* B# I2 L+ o
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
