 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ S4 V/ k+ w* G
Formal Statements
9 ~# J, V0 y7 g5 _ f4 M 1. Public Speeches l9 d' o. V0 f
2. Letters of opposition or support+ F" C. n; \3 {* z- a9 K! @
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, Q8 R S1 X! ]: ?# ] z; K4 h
4. Signed public statements
% F- e. L6 g/ G; z7 t3 S# d$ \ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 s, ^: | X# c1 @! N
6. Group or mass petitions
: b1 c9 Y7 ^& Q/ h) e, T* i/ n9 K% q9 t
Communications with a Wider Audience, h& G/ ~* Y' E# E( K0 E% ?7 S
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols R/ f! |0 D2 H$ n9 z: w) z" P
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ i: d; l) {- @: m+ G% h9 [
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( d) v1 B: @3 L' d 10. Newspapers and journals
& P! F6 [& Q# P 11. Records, radio, and television$ M1 Z, s1 x) t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 G" Z# V/ t) @* w8 P0 y, [
' r3 o' ?$ z# S- U: j& D) eGroup Representations2 k, u0 a$ F5 x: f6 l1 L
13. Deputations3 n M4 ~8 s4 {* Q; c0 M
14. Mock awards
: F7 Z! z; |5 ~9 X( _. S 15. Group lobbying! L' p% C% F; _- F6 f& ~/ ~
16. Picketing
w5 G5 |: |; Z 17. Mock elections! g% D9 T! \; ]
7 @8 i7 T, S! \
Symbolic Public Acts
- }. L# g4 Y3 i, T7 X& k 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# X& \8 [) F! e" K: v
19. Wearing of symbols
% F2 }* Z; L. i# x 20. Prayer and worship
5 Z7 m5 G! ], E& Y+ T% G0 v- k 21. Delivering symbolic objects! Z4 ^2 k7 S' G0 }
22. Protest disrobings
" `5 N" ]( ~- H+ O- C 23. Destruction of own property& K7 C! b4 l7 C" q, z1 T
24. Symbolic lights
: t7 L" d' S& ^, b6 ^( I0 g B 25. Displays of portraits
0 s0 i4 Y* z, ]* _8 C0 I- q 26. Paint as protest
' C& Y3 n; X* a 27. New signs and names" F" N6 e* v2 ?3 L
28. Symbolic sounds5 [% k5 [8 f3 X/ @" T
29. Symbolic reclamations; k4 H8 E) e% V
30. Rude gestures
, j1 \ [* e3 N1 p+ ]( r
) S* C9 p+ z) G: n) d2 TPressures on Individuals( p' l( u$ V/ \, G
31. “Haunting” officials' o# ^- x- J" e# G2 z, c5 d f
32. Taunting officials
4 |, ~5 Z) I' ? [7 A7 d2 p; z 33. Fraternization& C- e' A% y( y' V
34. Vigils( [# @. n7 d/ |! \, D( e
" C: }6 u) U& O: q: bDrama and Music
6 |! A( Z. S# H8 S" S 35. Humorous skits and pranks5 x3 Y9 `8 _1 R
36. Performances of plays and music7 [- O$ T+ r; J% @, G
37. Singing9 q7 P+ H& d2 Q# X
3 i8 n) t. z1 w+ PProcessions1 G& l6 N* I/ t/ v
38. Marches
2 n) E/ d+ F! T" { 39. Parades' `- w. x8 u- a9 a
40. Religious processions
7 K j ]0 q8 O0 Y/ `1 Y% } B: ^ 41. Pilgrimages
; ? }8 O/ I& R' X 42. Motorcades
( C& H" {9 B$ {5 O) ~3 q
3 I' {# {& i) k8 q2 vHonoring the Dead
$ H7 }4 k$ y2 L 43. Political mourning
8 T- O' U/ K8 ^- ^ 44. Mock funerals
: j9 @' t6 M& G0 Y+ P 45. Demonstrative funerals
( [6 n- {6 u3 S' _, k% r$ }2 | 46. Homage at burial places' K7 p& \! K8 t+ q! C
2 a8 H _- L2 b# @& |
Public Assemblies$ h7 u5 U8 N: k
47. Assemblies of protest or support: i: S4 a) B* V: ?2 a
48. Protest meetings; ~0 M' \8 _0 C: x5 ^2 j
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ o( A) r, C @) ~; h
50. Teach-ins* M0 Q3 W4 ]+ M
; p; a' g N. |. @6 d3 xWithdrawal and Renunciation2 Z' m3 V1 {1 E" D7 j1 V
51. Walk-outs
2 D! P" S" ~) T8 p 52. Silence
* I- |0 c$ G: o4 P 53. Renouncing honors& r6 F* O1 i& v0 H5 [
54. Turning one’s back
2 A4 T' P9 u N4 V/ P4 W6 k/ E7 }' e d! t/ U8 [
4 N9 X2 {: d @3 W+ |% ^/ }* s
6 \5 o4 }4 J: E0 q* m9 fTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ p5 y8 o1 Q+ I4 J+ {) N
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" K# |) l- A2 m( X' @1 w) r' cOstracism of Persons
$ Q+ |" y9 u; i+ j 55. Social boycott
, S$ H% @( r5 N4 d* x4 K r 56. Selective social boycott8 J( a) E G. w1 U( g
57. Lysistratic nonaction' M5 V* @) y. ? S, ?
58. Excommunication
1 Z7 y" p) v- p+ P, \' j: G7 ^! D 59. Interdict4 f# a# a+ {0 J1 P
) A( f1 m& Z9 w# ?4 }7 C$ PNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 Q3 n6 b& q% B5 X 60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 G! ~' o& x4 i
61. Boycott of social affairs
: D! r0 Q" M# A/ z 62. Student strike
3 X# V- O! V' U5 G" z6 `7 { 63. Social disobedience
( b9 Z1 m! @2 ]1 |9 n 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! x+ G/ e8 R* D' x; J2 Y, P5 R
' X, r3 t1 v1 A }* w2 k9 PWithdrawal from the Social System
/ V: i8 D" Y. u4 b: ?, C$ z: f 65. Stay-at-home
' P$ u* j& a# d6 U) ]: L0 U 66. Total personal noncooperation
: Q( G( V7 V5 r9 S7 F1 F* M3 L: q; { 67. “Flight” of workers
- W; j) |3 y* c( n# ~ 68. Sanctuary
% q" ?+ a! z5 X8 r, ^+ ` 69. Collective disappearance
4 u5 Q0 F, u! @( j+ a 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers+ ]2 |, I+ t, d j3 P
71. Consumers’ boycott# H4 w& u" l- S8 a/ ~
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, o2 q c8 p; e) s
73. Policy of austerity
# R1 h, u: }+ `' ] 74. Rent withholding
- N& U( ]4 {0 U2 E: u 75. Refusal to rent
! Y: i4 l7 P# X4 o 76. National consumers’ boycott- u# y5 U7 C) I9 u
77. International consumers’ boycott
. L0 _3 ~7 h0 ^9 i# I, n2 C0 J. M1 l) \5 e
Action by Workers and Producers
$ ]% _( c; I0 J4 f$ F! m 78. Workmen’s boycott/ J: d- r9 @0 o- T( f5 \9 ^' ?
79. Producers’ boycott
3 V3 ]( S3 q+ Z0 W/ M$ W. Y3 t4 W/ N/ ?3 u
Action by Middlemen
- j' d$ C/ G1 X% r0 Y& F3 ?, i 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, V* `; s+ F$ c, @ F, Y5 i4 y
; V9 L, T$ f) SAction by Owners and Management
9 E T; J7 O8 V% g+ \5 o* }$ G$ D 81. Traders’ boycott
( j" t" t6 K4 R/ t 82. Refusal to let or sell property" p5 D. a) }1 V1 J2 s4 g% k6 W
83. Lockout6 J4 \" l/ S" s8 z0 B& T
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' ]+ |; o; p# T* ]+ c( a6 b8 E 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
+ c! C S" c% {2 t3 { 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
2 J/ z! T6 B" Y7 D7 o C 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" f1 \4 l% w! R* p0 T. {# E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; b9 ~* o! t4 v 89. Severance of funds and credit- {- b9 Q0 `' D/ `8 ^* k# W5 s
90. Revenue refusal
5 R4 q" U0 @' j2 Z4 Q) } 91. Refusal of a government’s money1 p9 R4 E9 h$ [8 h
% |% v' ~$ o& L' K' k% m- o9 SAction by Governments( `& {: _4 \. @4 ]2 o8 `' ]
92. Domestic embargo
$ N" @4 k. l8 l" t* c; E 93. Blacklisting of traders
: z1 J( C% H% W+ R; o$ }( T$ ` 94. International sellers’ embargo
0 r3 i( ]) y( |! C, A, E/ i 95. International buyers’ embargo2 X' h' G3 B! j% \, B% O
96. International trade embargo- l& R" K* A/ S& N. D1 w7 |2 ~
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ l5 b' V; \& N# d' I& B0 G( C4 v
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+ |5 ?. Y* v+ I8 I* O4 [- e1 p0 YSymbolic Strikes/ {6 a, C- g( Y' W
97. Protest strike+ d6 O W. ?6 w: b( d9 B- ~
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
& K; d7 [0 q- Y& |) X) p/ ^
. e4 s' M. U" C! CAgricultural Strikes
. [& ?2 }: v; j: I+ t 99. Peasant strike& Y6 X0 F1 l3 v" e _3 h m+ [1 F
100. Farm Workers’ strike2 m! i: |9 h- l! t
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Strikes by Special Groups
* N8 u- ]& O" J* f 101. Refusal of impressed labor( X( M. E# F( G ~
102. Prisoners’ strike1 ?4 \: x1 ?1 k8 M
103. Craft strike+ o3 j/ |4 w3 e, t3 O; ^
104. Professional strike
% _( E G& z. @! d& l) _$ Q# w: X
0 N2 v$ g# G* cOrdinary Industrial Strikes
- N* R+ N$ P. Y 105. Establishment strike
# ]+ K( k/ x( |7 { 106. Industry strike- W7 r: H( o% f9 _ i5 ~! j
107. Sympathetic strike7 r0 t, b- m, [. f$ y" Z
/ l( b8 P2 h2 _3 _4 c/ c) [; R: x; GRestricted Strikes
1 w- b5 y# F; ^/ { 108. Detailed strike
2 `, ?. z8 p$ Y. S6 n P 109. Bumper strike
' H; _( [, d. Q! j 110. Slowdown strike& u" a* A1 t5 b0 @: j, M$ j
111. Working-to-rule strike
; N3 t0 z: g1 G6 P+ k K" K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' V! t6 u3 s; e ?4 ]: q. m' c
113. Strike by resignation: b- p5 a( G# A. _0 A! Z/ b! r' Z9 i
114. Limited strike
2 c5 K) w0 v, |7 G 115. Selective strike% o/ t( G7 ?. @, V( ~
+ o4 D& E8 N0 s3 Z/ f8 EMulti-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike6 S) A* K; ~: {: R: J
9 R4 l0 Y7 J" `* M0 N: Y 117. General strike
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3 B% J+ N: S* H8 O8 S0 N6 ]Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ p/ }# U& ^+ K4 c
7 r" b0 a- S2 J. H
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown; i: W. e6 i) P# x2 s6 f6 t
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) _% F. x H& z- `% m% l% ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 P4 X( v( l b: q3 v8 z
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Rejection of Authority
. Z. w8 T: r. ]: g! O 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 A& {2 m( ?* o5 h) L/ f$ \" } 121. Refusal of public support2 Z( a; O N: \
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: F( W7 _9 d6 V4 W/ @& N+ z- b
D( z0 w* K- l# L# o Z$ W: |0 k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government: L. ]. x* N* l. F6 v; f* ~2 w
123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ d U. G: L9 k
124. Boycott of elections+ n& O1 z, a+ K" w
125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 b, W0 z8 A% M0 l
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' V) ?8 m7 b9 @8 z; N6 a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 w* E5 _( r8 Q5 `$ Y# w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" l% F) j" i0 l: D/ ?: E6 I0 k
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! H: I3 y" `6 G# D2 _1 ]7 u 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ A! E H- T; W
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' h0 _( G5 k- G; U/ s( ]
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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( d9 _* @: y7 N( e8 X/ k sCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# `$ P2 N f4 k$ R7 O# N; g7 K2 f
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; K9 ?. A$ X6 x9 c+ U$ y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* }1 ~* X( r* {) w5 C8 `6 F" Z 135. Popular nonobedience9 b$ ?5 ?. X: t+ J
136. Disguised disobedience' j' y$ V" M& {- X, P8 [+ s) t9 S4 s
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 C) K; Q, S0 L
138. Sitdown
2 l! a- e& c# U7 P, v2 b5 z$ u 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! M* @ I+ U& k* d6 c1 M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ x2 I! b& C2 d/ D2 k% h 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 I7 p3 Z U* Z5 [* b. I4 }% X9 F( |. `& \, X6 M9 Y& {, c! b4 Q
Action by Government Personnel9 X- N* C5 b" p
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 [7 R" B/ Y" P* i6 i1 n- L& C
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 Q) s+ ?' E, [4 M; H1 ? 144. Stalling and obstruction/ H4 P. E/ m1 D2 L4 B
145. General administrative noncooperation
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/ Z3 A2 t% o2 R 146. Judicial noncooperation" c* f; p' E1 P5 }$ g" X9 F1 a- x8 }4 }
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 b; B/ b" K) ]: o 148. Mutiny
- z0 {2 b8 z+ {# n, s2 g CDomestic Governmental Action9 a8 O# q- g3 B$ J
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' i: p% x9 g) C6 L3 _+ A
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ o5 ^; y* i4 k) Q: D$ A
# I0 ?9 h& Y0 d$ K8 c4 n- {5 X ~8 B: L N! _
International Governmental Action8 c* `4 e* ?+ R' |
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: T `. T E( c# \
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 \ G$ Q& |, q& `# w+ Y7 ^1 G& Q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: M* V7 j# K7 [1 E0 Q; Q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 K0 K. H! D0 h6 r8 Y B
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# t! Q( d- B' s 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* |. C9 O* [* G- y2 m
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ ?# C) B$ u$ z; Q2 n4 r7 \
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7 n0 O% R& Q5 e# y+ O" L( |Psychological Intervention
1 W# l) s3 L, g6 P0 ] 158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 j" J: m) _2 B3 {* v: ~ 159. The fast
# ~) E* P2 j* Y' x a) Fast of moral pressure5 i" M t3 b- Q3 `4 D; {6 F
b) Hunger strike
2 a! ^7 }( o8 ?; d4 f) T( T7 W c) Satyagrahic fast
& M" |( S) {' h 160. Reverse trial5 Y/ Y6 q) D. V/ {# V
161. Nonviolent harassment
+ B1 h0 v- v; `8 X+ R0 p0 Y8 ~& o/ v1 n
Physical Intervention3 Q. T. V; X9 o* g( O
162. Sit-in
; j& Q1 D. }7 }- q5 Y9 ? 163. Stand-in7 f$ z2 u; n5 d; u+ \( y/ i
164. Ride-in
, M& |. t( s* K 165. Wade-in( e) R" T1 L+ N" F- }; P1 c: W
166. Mill-in
b. [: I7 k+ P0 B 167. Pray-in
4 k! y+ Z5 K& x8 L" o! U0 |& l 168. Nonviolent raids
+ N" V$ w; ?: g2 h/ b 169. Nonviolent air raids
, b2 {4 X1 j5 X( a3 y1 n. z+ D 170. Nonviolent invasion- G7 a* k7 }$ c; k5 Z2 t$ f
171. Nonviolent interjection7 q6 x8 i0 [0 G! B% g& z: b6 ~
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, q$ b3 N. g6 S/ R. A 173. Nonviolent occupation
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* ^( h4 E( Q" E! ^, QSocial Intervention
$ y* _( t% U% m0 ], \" h" l) d0 e! h {# `4 o 174. Establishing new social patterns
, n2 B; w7 @! U7 h* s 175. Overloading of facilities6 X6 R& ~. Q7 L; o! |/ z! X, N
176. Stall-in
# n6 D, [1 x/ B 177. Speak-in
0 F% l( V. B6 b* l X* O 178. Guerrilla theater
5 B/ P3 J+ w( E! b 179. Alternative social institutions2 O5 B) e# l9 t( P2 S6 z( ~
180. Alternative communication system+ I3 p6 ^ o5 _9 b% s4 A
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Economic Intervention
" V: H. f' u+ R2 _ 181. Reverse strike
: l' \8 d8 p- x8 q 182. Stay-in strike
# W7 f3 d4 }1 K1 B7 f# c9 E 183. Nonviolent land seizure
) v" w+ x' P* Y7 C( v5 ^ 184. Defiance of blockades7 E+ E8 N+ z9 _# Y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 \$ W, H4 g- u3 z+ z 186. Preclusive purchasing
" B! B8 f8 t' H$ |9 G, q* ]* k 187. Seizure of assets* u, U7 b) w/ l
188. Dumping/ A3 e+ F( w n* }
189. Selective patronage7 N b) [, X$ o/ e$ x
190. Alternative markets
$ c2 A4 q: t% x% f7 I 191. Alternative transportation systems
+ a9 D7 W( {# V+ e 192. Alternative economic institutions
/ K% F& `' p) d" |9 @7 d
& O+ ?! ]0 C# h9 IPolitical Intervention
& h) b& t, R& S6 x W 193. Overloading of administrative systems
* b9 o! x$ }$ D 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) J+ W, J4 b: \, f
195. Seeking imprisonment
5 W6 n g7 p5 B5 r7 l# Y, { 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, m% s% T: c1 \
197. Work-on without collaboration: D% F* y5 b/ {3 D' u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) }- }% z1 m* x8 [6 _( u$ ?) I
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
