 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 _( b. ?# W9 H* a. c; C2 f. \
Formal Statements
* } W! L+ Z4 s$ X/ ~ 1. Public Speeches( L7 U; {' T# O( ?3 t$ D6 f; {1 ~
2. Letters of opposition or support* F- o: `( G$ n4 i$ Q. [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 L; O7 S3 I; Q5 y; L1 ` 4. Signed public statements
5 |' a9 A5 k* b s+ h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention% M8 O" {8 H. D
6. Group or mass petitions
( e0 W1 N S& C" d, M) u4 P; g. o \
Communications with a Wider Audience
. A5 m: X0 k9 G2 J% ]/ M& | 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# u) k; ?% ]9 q$ @; y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 U4 s* U5 W6 h1 ~9 p& B7 Z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' I3 X. O- c2 D1 v V/ f
10. Newspapers and journals6 U! [# P8 N2 G' V' k0 `: b
11. Records, radio, and television; I1 l- V1 |5 d) \: G" w
12. Skywriting and earthwriting) ~+ L4 `2 [/ G1 ~0 j+ l" Z
( S# i" g, P- C4 D; @& [( I* ]: EGroup Representations
) K5 [. m" S4 S( o4 H7 r 13. Deputations/ `% c4 ~ H! _+ m& { r) D* T) q/ `
14. Mock awards
2 ]3 \, \# u9 t2 ^ 15. Group lobbying
! O; C/ _8 U }4 w$ X- ^ 16. Picketing
6 | k! T% L, H/ B 17. Mock elections
) c8 N: \ Y+ D6 |9 x8 d$ [9 I; F$ ?, O; P c% H5 _$ ?3 }, U" _1 S# Y, }
Symbolic Public Acts% E+ z9 c' K+ }) L3 ~7 z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% H8 Y# L+ g* E5 y R* I
19. Wearing of symbols
+ |. [' S+ w0 y/ D: m 20. Prayer and worship1 P6 Z( `- e: l* z- X
21. Delivering symbolic objects4 I) c X# z6 p+ [
22. Protest disrobings
: `" ?' N$ L/ V( |5 ?/ | 23. Destruction of own property( E. v# u6 {2 u4 R/ f
24. Symbolic lights
! ~4 E% g$ c! V$ Z9 i3 _( D- a: [ 25. Displays of portraits
, T7 g. [$ u2 _: @, S3 {9 U( ` 26. Paint as protest
" c9 p$ G9 i" K1 D$ j, [, w 27. New signs and names: D; X* N; ^8 e, b: i" q# k
28. Symbolic sounds2 ~& |3 q& z# R, [& U# L3 O1 u
29. Symbolic reclamations
9 T S; f6 D! f8 S) E 30. Rude gestures% A3 Y4 U# X5 |& X
6 y9 F* q0 F7 l3 k( j( {
Pressures on Individuals3 @ B% m" }; x* H
31. “Haunting” officials, K8 u* k8 k" H7 t- s# _
32. Taunting officials \& Y) i! v+ k( T
33. Fraternization
+ z* }6 U4 i9 `) R. T3 ?& p' d" M 34. Vigils1 {# F# q% ^' W" U. C
2 K% K p+ j1 {. A& n
Drama and Music% z# x6 }# }7 L% z
35. Humorous skits and pranks
! m4 ^: c6 v( e# q! y4 x0 c$ E 36. Performances of plays and music( V- d4 n* B1 q
37. Singing
5 b+ v6 T5 g/ b# d+ v( x
/ E/ w/ u! q: Z# k2 R1 `Processions1 y+ e4 w! [* T8 Z8 F
38. Marches
- Z' X" U+ U0 ^2 X" V# A" u 39. Parades+ y, u! ]9 X% }: @# W3 |: L. v
40. Religious processions0 M7 g# R4 }7 l7 A. g4 x5 |4 W
41. Pilgrimages8 o. K: b& m& _) I i' y
42. Motorcades
. M9 ^/ l9 p+ h1 |$ N9 W8 a
% X7 P, [, G) k* m/ d; K- YHonoring the Dead! i3 t t4 K; R3 k) U
43. Political mourning( @& M- R! K/ B6 P& |; ]. P; S1 p
44. Mock funerals
: u1 z# s$ D" k \0 }. U 45. Demonstrative funerals, S. z, Q$ G5 r3 Q3 |) J3 ~* w
46. Homage at burial places: F1 V8 K/ C9 o$ q
0 {( A- A5 r( G, _: N( u( z, i; A- q
Public Assemblies
" f8 B+ [$ I! o6 z' I 47. Assemblies of protest or support6 D' B# }* M5 k0 i# t
48. Protest meetings3 T( O9 }' `5 _# a# \ q2 a" W) X
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; O6 _( D4 d. S1 ]$ H# }8 p/ t5 f
50. Teach-ins
' e5 r! o; Q3 J) q1 F. ~, Z' v) a2 y( n1 i4 w
Withdrawal and Renunciation
% W0 W0 _0 ^8 C$ p( y" {5 Z+ k# ^ 51. Walk-outs
) v& X6 [. ]3 L' _% H 52. Silence
& V: \* d0 M9 V7 c8 ^& y, U 53. Renouncing honors
8 P, F. A/ `# x& d7 ~& ?7 s- K9 f( _# [ 54. Turning one’s back
: ] P! v y( Q9 K- X* e5 O; a; q# j% E- t& Y! [ | f
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Y/ R. m' ]- C- h1 t1 {1 |3 s- FTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
% F$ O3 c( l6 o2 C6 O
7 T' L) E2 b; u/ G: O # ~( S5 D0 Y# D$ d; U
+ [! H6 I) } ]- e# h9 a. u
Ostracism of Persons
+ K! `) l" R' _ 55. Social boycott# @$ t f7 N$ ^8 V: B
56. Selective social boycott4 J0 R! x% A. Z. S( ]( z; |/ K
57. Lysistratic nonaction5 ]7 y* c7 b! P+ p- l! h+ S
58. Excommunication9 {- @) @' g9 @* t) M% ^' ^ {2 m
59. Interdict8 U# ?4 K% p( j8 A5 F4 \! ^0 H' N
& ~, o9 {6 f3 X$ A9 v' B0 XNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- h0 C+ W2 h) D; P- @ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ M) z2 x5 G: s: V9 r2 D$ e 61. Boycott of social affairs
9 J# v9 m0 w7 ~8 w6 K: p0 v 62. Student strike
' N. q- t9 e8 n! y 63. Social disobedience3 ?$ V6 ^+ k; {, T0 ]
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ z$ f+ ^/ f2 x* w2 `6 }* A& ~7 u9 d+ L9 @0 J. F. W; w. R" r
Withdrawal from the Social System
4 [$ I; l. [, ]) v, F 65. Stay-at-home. T! B0 O3 R. `
66. Total personal noncooperation
! n* T( R! d/ f% \0 J4 _ 67. “Flight” of workers6 a, c' u# n+ [/ j3 L
68. Sanctuary! e h5 g' o4 a, E6 m6 ^: |
69. Collective disappearance- V1 A6 b. a0 ~; O+ p, e* |
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 f5 [5 i! K) u; x$ R4 J V
4 U! N5 B. U& C* c' P6 U t
2 O' ]' n7 S5 A" C( S& M5 e* b
$ y7 t+ n x0 n+ M8 STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 s& z$ x) h1 I
f0 @2 d/ z7 V. k1 N
' k- k3 r* T! m+ o& C/ F8 T; P1 ~Actions by Consumers) n' h" U' S7 O/ I- e, E
71. Consumers’ boycott1 Z+ @2 `1 ?; N: a# w7 v8 @
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 u% j% I! g0 m2 p
73. Policy of austerity! Y. O: u5 |/ ]2 i1 J# t
74. Rent withholding8 m9 b, g9 Q7 ?+ E: z9 v" J. ]( f" c6 @
75. Refusal to rent
5 R5 }- q1 c% X4 P+ i" B4 r! B 76. National consumers’ boycott' Y' V3 J- ~/ G2 x0 l) i% n- X
77. International consumers’ boycott
( C H1 I9 H# C1 W: t9 M. u. |& [
Action by Workers and Producers
5 [+ ~1 j" {4 D9 c( Y 78. Workmen’s boycott
3 m0 y$ g3 {" f; K+ I 79. Producers’ boycott' x" C- \0 F: n+ n. o
. p' u0 `6 A( ]5 b
Action by Middlemen
6 \) R+ H T7 g& t5 E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# R( Q) p( x7 G( }/ j n8 W5 A. a$ }6 R" w
Action by Owners and Management$ W2 J# u1 _, f4 a+ r
81. Traders’ boycott, M! V$ b2 ~& `: P% ~! c! b3 @
82. Refusal to let or sell property" }) F9 T0 u) Y; d
83. Lockout
t8 U* c8 ]1 t' B# d 84. Refusal of industrial assistance8 ]& R" S( Y! K) j
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
; i8 D3 A! {3 q8 J p. S/ t6 E# V0 I- v
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
) C8 o7 T7 g. l: W# N9 X+ |$ _ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 ^6 w9 H. `( \" I7 n
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' W$ `7 n% A: e- w! b 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% F5 m9 s% E+ x' d6 T5 d9 \ 89. Severance of funds and credit2 e4 p( n9 ^. S# {; N7 B
90. Revenue refusal
+ j& e% y- D/ J0 r3 ^1 O 91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ F+ d% V4 r% R- ?. ?
1 A7 I0 g/ e; v4 {2 }9 n7 cAction by Governments7 p# |% s! D. A$ E
92. Domestic embargo5 o0 `4 y5 N& W, \+ ?1 `- M( b
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 X8 a! p7 \$ x6 {) R& \ 94. International sellers’ embargo- B: b' d8 O/ }) Y5 V. V
95. International buyers’ embargo( u" R% _9 h0 u4 z1 b
96. International trade embargo( J! X! B9 e+ |* V9 [
' P7 R2 t: w/ N6 `5 @0 X& O
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3 {6 E4 f# h: d# k4 QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
; ]& i% z. \( W. A5 @9 d+ Y2 w% w- Y( ]7 v. N1 F8 }7 M _! M
0 {" {1 j2 p0 A; R
Symbolic Strikes1 R Q2 X* ~! _8 _' v6 @3 Y0 V A& {4 D
97. Protest strike) {- J- B1 v& p5 f3 t5 v( {8 X
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# _9 p3 d3 q& G& q# H# W$ ]
6 y5 F8 g7 x: j
Agricultural Strikes' G# y5 W2 y/ \2 o4 Y1 a
99. Peasant strike0 ~" G4 v: d; g4 v
100. Farm Workers’ strike% i9 H- k. `: R. j* ]7 n
5 k8 L% _' ~" iStrikes by Special Groups& n. w: S7 |( z' \
101. Refusal of impressed labor
# n$ H3 N0 {. Z 102. Prisoners’ strike1 l, k( g6 i# S' u
103. Craft strike
: z% g6 U# F! D# t: W/ U; Y 104. Professional strike
, M" N0 ^/ ?% Q! q0 g8 v2 d5 L# m. ]& O; W* v# B6 |) h1 V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. ]( l. Z) y! B: T! J* W 105. Establishment strike. n* R! b* Q. D( n6 l
106. Industry strike
* z9 v0 c( u/ o8 d9 O# n 107. Sympathetic strike# s4 q7 l5 G* a" k0 i( m
* C- `* W a: L
Restricted Strikes5 k# l# z% ?- `4 Z$ e: j
108. Detailed strike
7 j1 a: W7 w- W3 \" G0 b; O8 r 109. Bumper strike2 Y ^4 y: _' b. r8 h, t0 |( w! f; f
110. Slowdown strike7 T1 N {9 J9 [
111. Working-to-rule strike
E! ^2 Y; ^! r 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 m% P4 f V$ j' o" F% ?; C 113. Strike by resignation
[0 U3 b ?) w, O! @6 F: P 114. Limited strike# a1 Y* g5 @! d9 s2 J( E
115. Selective strike4 g, {4 X5 S. K: m
# {4 |% C# |- f' A/ v6 k: z$ z
Multi-Industry Strikes5 f# h! G! o' I& W5 `
7 K) d: p7 f: [0 |5 C/ a* m 116. Generalized strike4 D: M6 C/ J; y& c" V, }9 _
5 Y" Z# Y6 ]7 E7 I8 [ 117. General strike
; I, R4 v3 w+ p: `+ V
2 G7 P; J& p1 M: g' ], {Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; i& i9 }2 _0 l% a6 Q, T2 A" l! J1 i3 h& K. _; A% }
118. Hartal
; [- O( _. b2 z9 K1 K6 f0 O% V6 c
6 ^8 i1 l# k# M5 e 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 g. V5 M# c) b2 I+ mRejection of Authority
7 U1 R" A3 {) n 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( m5 v8 v" Q& o: y' `! E 121. Refusal of public support+ o% Z0 n$ M# [# W: j, Q- g( P R. J, [; e
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ k* O' [6 X" U n+ r! } E2 I
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 ^) e: Z ^; f6 w( J" U6 J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& i. i' C" S7 T
124. Boycott of elections( X! n8 S0 W1 d- s
125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 J5 s" E/ _5 {4 }7 K; M, W4 v3 d
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: I7 F9 `( X- j2 o0 C( s* t7 N5 l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions b9 M1 }; X4 {' [0 ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! n M5 K5 J( w+ m 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, @- s3 M4 s/ ?% ?. \5 q M 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 ?" T! j8 Z2 W7 Q) x! n 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials5 v2 }# @$ v# O/ U, b! a
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) F) v7 ~! H0 ~$ h$ ]" A
" W( y) z- N, m5 OCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 @6 Y' l/ x: e% T 133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 h/ f4 B) s; {( W6 q( Y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 N& s$ I. C3 R, k2 O2 V% H! a 135. Popular nonobedience
, ]& h- m; J2 A1 m7 o6 e/ a 136. Disguised disobedience7 O" _$ D4 Q% u2 C) ~6 Y9 q M( s" `1 L
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 O) ~1 z- T% M. v3 S
138. Sitdown
$ }9 n# J" t& D9 f/ C) H 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation d s7 T3 B1 m2 t( ]) l% Q- t
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' P+ Z! u* d) u0 @" _* n( F# M: `+ \6 A
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, n( f& T/ j5 {. l4 R( j( w. Y, g/ ?3 y0 e( H! p
Action by Government Personnel
& |. B5 Q/ q0 c; s& v: Q& ?* q s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# X) y8 f3 |/ d$ H
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# e/ Z3 D x9 R% F+ z 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ o% w6 @1 j0 a7 i! v4 y; c: H 145. General administrative noncooperation
" l/ S+ B% s. B6 ]; ^$ \
- a7 }# P# q5 U 146. Judicial noncooperation
6 {6 n) B6 I j 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
* a8 j5 T( r9 |6 M 148. Mutiny
' b" h. F# {. q( Z. P$ f9 x* O6 s/ PDomestic Governmental Action/ D7 U. I1 \2 Y" v M9 R
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) f2 _7 |; e' l L' l
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! r j2 ?! l7 g3 E
9 {+ {- |9 ^- R, i, |+ W
International Governmental Action
8 _6 \2 X: F& u" d I 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: t2 Z' _+ h N4 k 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 }( L( b4 F5 n3 r' [7 A; [- g
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# C" M; q8 w, |) M6 u0 h& Z! C
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' f% t% b6 W0 A% ]/ c0 |% J9 _
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 r8 y4 ?1 X; f+ P5 g8 W 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! H* c: U: A% x/ H# { 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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+ ]# r" o- S b7 X: P
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& K0 Z0 \" ], G$ h) B, X$ v
( d/ D2 K! _; {+ J, E' y
4 ^- I) W+ w! b$ \+ P) ^+ ^6 O/ {- t, YPsychological Intervention4 ~$ H% i$ x3 q1 e
158. Self-exposure to the elements" {4 u; h& U6 {8 g8 N9 g' ~
159. The fast
1 @0 S' e- t3 |1 l* q" z5 f a) Fast of moral pressure/ A3 P( _7 M4 \( ^% J
b) Hunger strike
( m% ~# q7 n/ p6 [" i5 {( o c) Satyagrahic fast% m, J/ s# C- o
160. Reverse trial
) o3 p' a5 G& i; _( t9 e3 q 161. Nonviolent harassment- E/ v* ?* y( f& \/ i% E: P
# F- U F# g8 X7 [- W c iPhysical Intervention( L6 H5 v# Z; w8 P
162. Sit-in- D9 \" T" _# l" `
163. Stand-in
3 q. m$ I# F9 {( [ 164. Ride-in
7 N) E" O5 V: b3 m$ S. K5 a; O 165. Wade-in
; L2 D# j: u% n4 U L4 { 166. Mill-in
' o6 u0 d1 s0 F3 c 167. Pray-in3 I5 p! U( o' E1 u9 Q5 y
168. Nonviolent raids5 @2 A6 K3 q2 w; P' ~
169. Nonviolent air raids2 n- y0 _6 O& _$ o$ d% k9 v3 `
170. Nonviolent invasion ?5 j. f6 E' P( p1 b
171. Nonviolent interjection6 ]. W8 U+ S5 ~9 x. t7 X
172. Nonviolent obstruction: y' D" G1 t+ ]: `+ w1 X
173. Nonviolent occupation$ X2 _4 [ L8 L- L
7 w0 \. T7 s/ i NSocial Intervention/ ~/ b0 Y, {$ V" N$ S, d1 `2 [
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 j0 H ?+ X# U% b& j. s 175. Overloading of facilities8 X; [3 I" N8 v- J) ]! u
176. Stall-in; ?# ]/ L% R" K6 H3 p3 e) b+ x
177. Speak-in I! R% B; t$ r0 C0 g0 Y) D
178. Guerrilla theater8 E7 n; F, a" V
179. Alternative social institutions
8 R9 r1 ?8 S8 L. p, T/ F j. A 180. Alternative communication system4 s6 o/ i+ Y( m$ Y8 e' M9 X
5 T+ A4 H& G* |/ @5 G& d4 fEconomic Intervention& e+ ?0 t" S& ]$ ?' t; t6 D
181. Reverse strike: z, @; M/ N% B& n+ O' m- p
182. Stay-in strike
3 e# {) p4 p2 E9 ?0 @% M7 d 183. Nonviolent land seizure' q/ v2 ^, p$ v q9 r
184. Defiance of blockades
9 ~* H1 G% @5 o. j' O- O* H6 k 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, K- x" G% V+ H: c! o) p9 l- f/ U
186. Preclusive purchasing) k4 j2 k6 _- H2 Z% g/ v, k
187. Seizure of assets
/ M5 h. i' a( n 188. Dumping# J/ G: @. }$ h. P+ q
189. Selective patronage
5 ~ d5 |2 O8 Q: u) Q2 \1 ~ 190. Alternative markets
% p: _/ b6 v% {& A8 ?+ s8 v9 F6 @, b7 F 191. Alternative transportation systems
4 ^# [# ^$ G1 O 192. Alternative economic institutions k h. a& H: B0 n
; P. t% ~! t2 c8 j# ^' CPolitical Intervention
7 k. J7 @: S6 P9 {3 m# B 193. Overloading of administrative systems$ S, w) n- f" E
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# E7 |' {% u$ B) s) A9 n
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 N# ^. Z2 c1 Q2 D8 S+ W* Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) p' w; e! g7 F- |+ S2 P. B 197. Work-on without collaboration
0 T$ f* ]" {! N' J9 i& w8 E 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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