 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 m' ~: k+ ~' T3 QFormal Statements
. w6 r7 k" o+ _/ | 1. Public Speeches- d G0 p. v/ k. _8 f
2. Letters of opposition or support5 U8 |- J& U" N9 ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, F+ c% U8 g) R5 G: Y2 g! c; K( x
4. Signed public statements
8 h7 p/ x& {2 f$ r 5. Declarations of indictment and intention# \4 V! i3 S- y( ], p
6. Group or mass petitions8 K9 K: N' I! _, A" i; G& o
$ r5 V D0 _7 R1 |" e) A: X
Communications with a Wider Audience0 t0 V' _4 e$ f+ E( m, c# s3 }6 s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: P/ B+ b7 A+ i# }8 G 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 A6 A" Z1 i( |* g* U" _5 U% O 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% Q1 A- f3 r! U6 M" b# d 10. Newspapers and journals9 _$ H' t4 @$ N! V9 _, z$ w
11. Records, radio, and television
2 M7 R: ]1 }) B# } 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 }" I3 O) \2 Y; L5 p
- S: |) d3 [" O, t4 ]Group Representations
+ }/ [9 B8 j- Y z 13. Deputations3 E# m8 i" o L# G% f
14. Mock awards
/ ~9 q) e8 ]4 T& P( g/ N4 F& J 15. Group lobbying
# q2 D8 X- @6 g& |5 W1 N: T 16. Picketing
6 g% u0 j; M6 V/ v: [8 | 17. Mock elections. [8 H% `& b( V7 O/ a
; t: P) j4 T9 N) m( c' O, W
Symbolic Public Acts
$ J2 u( V) X B ?4 c+ q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% y( f9 m H: g0 y1 c) Y
19. Wearing of symbols/ o) [) O3 w4 ]% L# Z
20. Prayer and worship
! }' ] p1 F1 h. c' }3 H5 U 21. Delivering symbolic objects T8 @* ]+ ?5 v" k# C9 R
22. Protest disrobings1 I+ \$ t6 `1 @9 a' E5 w4 K& l* |
23. Destruction of own property
^) d" D) W Q2 K4 n" t 24. Symbolic lights
( C* y, @4 A+ ~2 L4 T/ [ e: y$ T 25. Displays of portraits- e) H0 Z% E/ j! ^
26. Paint as protest5 v1 h9 S; }9 g6 \- i% h% x5 ~
27. New signs and names7 F3 G f& f& D" n5 v- b
28. Symbolic sounds+ O$ G. h2 r3 `; L3 F5 g, j
29. Symbolic reclamations! j# @$ n' x& \% I& |% A" b: `5 O
30. Rude gestures
/ Z/ ~* R% Y% Q( S% o+ D% {
) p9 j+ ~5 x _: h8 bPressures on Individuals3 A) G+ m( R8 ]' @5 {+ j
31. “Haunting” officials
& e$ Q, I+ H# L+ x- x 32. Taunting officials0 ^) y2 @$ T% D, G2 w
33. Fraternization
$ U6 U/ f9 I- D |; W 34. Vigils; t6 J" @- |" m* m3 Y
" t+ j( I$ g3 y5 f
Drama and Music p8 j7 |% s' {1 X( S, @, C" r$ n
35. Humorous skits and pranks; y1 n8 K+ ]8 G B5 {) |, F( Y
36. Performances of plays and music) A; ?) T4 A1 c& N
37. Singing
6 H7 Z, p, Q R) u( U
2 Y O' Z! ?3 mProcessions: q# n2 q+ D& ?- e% b
38. Marches
9 x& n a' O7 n7 C! k, [% F; A3 n) [ 39. Parades [7 A/ Z* M$ l6 s- i1 f" r( P* u& R
40. Religious processions
1 ?- B N3 i, x0 z 41. Pilgrimages
}0 }3 R5 s$ @! u7 `: {" j, J 42. Motorcades
. g; l/ X! M' w+ J- m
+ }' w6 \6 E, ]! g3 XHonoring the Dead
: v0 @6 n6 I8 u& c0 j# @. R' S- k 43. Political mourning6 D9 z& Z M- S! U' r% w9 ~# ]
44. Mock funerals- B5 {0 }2 e% W4 O" m' Y: u
45. Demonstrative funerals
$ C- Y& E3 K; \5 D 46. Homage at burial places9 c' O0 I3 K* w" R
3 i# A, e/ s$ fPublic Assemblies) q6 B! i! W @: c' B2 N% L8 N
47. Assemblies of protest or support
! p! i, H! c8 f9 a' u 48. Protest meetings
7 K5 k8 a# P2 T9 ?4 y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) p! ~! W( J9 ]
50. Teach-ins, A; r0 x7 T: Q
* P9 y# J8 r$ E, s" q9 j- T
Withdrawal and Renunciation
+ l- R4 s3 Z0 \5 n. A- K 51. Walk-outs
9 E0 y( x4 r$ p8 C 52. Silence
, x7 S5 Q# i1 b6 `( D 53. Renouncing honors( u# T# w; U1 D- {/ E4 _- N- V
54. Turning one’s back1 ^% \4 m# V ~& Q, f
/ Q+ Z6 D% s8 A! z+ \- T
8 M+ \8 M- M/ o! j1 x% T Z0 |7 M
2 t4 G! `3 p! s2 @4 |4 uTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION T6 l6 s* }. f8 L7 H% j0 p5 x$ E' m+ j
& b# ~; j' }1 j/ e% {7 t
, W$ c3 O i" e" y) L- O3 |
, c! a4 S. ]( J" \5 q) Y- M3 t
Ostracism of Persons
! ~# |: |: ]0 e M% @+ L+ I 55. Social boycott3 ^2 O7 Q* W) v L/ I J4 b
56. Selective social boycott7 h% }; G9 z& w- A9 s8 m- m
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ G/ i, [) m# W5 H6 ]0 B0 j a
58. Excommunication
5 Z k! T4 ` r8 P9 I8 q8 l% C 59. Interdict
3 S4 C5 s( |! X9 W v) @$ M. K3 m$ p9 O- G3 y) N ^3 u2 i; y! @
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions' Q# E: r# s9 U' _8 O0 I+ x; s# M4 ?9 L
60. Suspension of social and sports activities" e: Q; k5 m9 j9 d# E
61. Boycott of social affairs& c$ L# o9 @' Q3 I
62. Student strike
: v/ m' U! I% q: n) x! a" [ 63. Social disobedience
4 n6 g# f7 Y/ J- ~" c 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 T# e# T+ @, g- n2 B* x% t$ W# C- Y1 X# [2 ^ i
Withdrawal from the Social System m2 d" ~# @0 ~+ i# g; {
65. Stay-at-home
1 u3 L. { \! E( w4 [ 66. Total personal noncooperation( q: o" ~3 q2 Y5 t+ o8 U# r& p
67. “Flight” of workers9 L1 o" o) n9 p0 r3 X1 m5 F
68. Sanctuary w& o9 Y% d8 s- _7 W1 l
69. Collective disappearance
: z6 W E) Y: V$ Y C' G 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 z3 y; S( M9 l. n- r( X5 x( ~
: D- x. B& p( P% A- N: D; J
1 U4 j! a9 ?& A0 i' P
: |; K6 [ ^( M) Q$ _3 sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 L9 d5 Y& U; Y' Z& [: u+ B- [ {1 t! c
1 r$ I& |7 [" ~Actions by Consumers* l1 J. S) ]$ F1 v) C. u; i
71. Consumers’ boycott
' }; |8 P. S0 Y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# \! `5 f8 r# k& B/ Z8 U X" [
73. Policy of austerity
/ Q1 o5 b! m; O4 J" J 74. Rent withholding* L5 D3 a* j) `" |% o% B( Y
75. Refusal to rent
+ `8 Q9 E! I1 p# o 76. National consumers’ boycott4 f2 i, S+ T. R4 S
77. International consumers’ boycott# s+ }# z& r, V
+ B1 Q! Z0 O4 ?+ U0 WAction by Workers and Producers& Y$ r+ u, c4 d% m' h
78. Workmen’s boycott
2 n& I, H2 }6 x) S- H7 O 79. Producers’ boycott7 d7 F" z; J, n! @/ \. K
5 ~* N' B7 v0 D! ?% [4 o& G# ~2 R
Action by Middlemen
5 x& G5 R7 U+ F5 P$ h7 M 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& z- Z& e" W* z* G) ?/ s9 I# u
$ r, E9 I( b1 I; @+ Y5 Y8 aAction by Owners and Management
" F2 X$ X D5 S0 I3 g/ J* X: d9 ?- f" } 81. Traders’ boycott
+ D* {. Y% o3 v) \3 ~* D 82. Refusal to let or sell property5 q1 c, V) F( c# y' D& N
83. Lockout2 _; | F. q. U! C4 S) {' y3 m
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& p. B( ~3 k$ ^ {) V$ Z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! i; @) R/ q) }+ V
! A1 T3 J- P( T4 GAction by Holders of Financial Resources5 M) g8 M1 d8 L/ ^5 K. j. }! ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& o0 |+ N0 M M5 e* i
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ M0 n& ]' C" }: D0 Y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 i% g7 ~3 ]& y, s 89. Severance of funds and credit
3 k7 N0 X! i$ x: E( w 90. Revenue refusal1 T! W$ O& w7 }& m
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 u# G3 g4 i: K0 ^$ @4 V: l. D; j d3 n% L( _; }1 t
Action by Governments
" ]+ b1 b; d9 U. K& P6 r9 c 92. Domestic embargo
5 L. I7 @8 |6 V, x4 P6 L 93. Blacklisting of traders; K: z2 ^# F4 A$ @8 M% K
94. International sellers’ embargo2 I1 v2 m" F- P Q H
95. International buyers’ embargo, V' V$ E* g7 W; p
96. International trade embargo
7 i3 T4 j: |. A7 i+ J3 @
' a' F0 q& D7 \/ C) C ) K7 @: V- G- }8 Y8 V7 Q
/ Q, Q. z; m; b/ h/ HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
0 Z; `2 F! |9 P j& T- ]; B6 A( W9 ~1 n5 g- @- W u) q9 z
' {- n5 `* |$ s8 kSymbolic Strikes
$ _' B7 J- b: T X 97. Protest strike
3 z7 D: v1 I/ [0 J1 Y2 U 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" y& |9 z$ A' I* v1 I" q* F7 M: Z
' E, U2 K: M, W6 r+ x" E
Agricultural Strikes
2 a5 R9 C$ z" e: @. Y' _ 99. Peasant strike
: f- l5 h6 _3 y 100. Farm Workers’ strike: K% ^2 a0 z1 y, S+ w/ n) m
4 R% J* u2 ?7 Y" a4 W u
Strikes by Special Groups; r/ q! O2 k" g( h2 v& _
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 D* N$ V C( U
102. Prisoners’ strike; _0 C5 |/ t: }
103. Craft strike. M3 v: ?# G, c* r$ a
104. Professional strike
8 x+ ?% c9 h. W& `1 f _
2 k2 A" s6 { w+ x6 p: @ [Ordinary Industrial Strikes6 L2 V, g8 O; |, [) e1 }
105. Establishment strike
% O: r: a0 O9 c# i. {: V 106. Industry strike% u& N7 d, j5 T) _/ |
107. Sympathetic strike
5 Q) H! S/ X8 _" M1 i2 F
5 \% c8 y" `/ @) s3 bRestricted Strikes5 u+ i+ K; m4 s$ d: n. C- Z
108. Detailed strike9 c; V) T' C8 g5 s5 j7 j
109. Bumper strike
9 d; U, ?, m: E* @$ a) S) ]6 P 110. Slowdown strike
0 h7 e, ?6 ]( d 111. Working-to-rule strike }, n2 ?4 P% F* u# R R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* m, M* K) X- @+ j( v' H 113. Strike by resignation6 S3 D" F7 f7 P q9 b
114. Limited strike
2 o7 A/ c8 p5 h. Q3 `& G/ u 115. Selective strike8 G) O" w: B5 D; n$ S
, ]) T- n' }: ^* f+ T2 V
Multi-Industry Strikes! u4 q* y8 [4 I8 y# v
! p' i1 r. u/ \6 X: |
116. Generalized strike
- A1 x+ |# }3 n8 j1 w# d1 y- T, E9 i% W) u! g; m1 i8 t: @
117. General strike
/ j3 o6 l; K: {& e$ a) x8 u0 x) R4 I$ L' h# L# R7 u
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
j& A4 y: K* c, O* J
8 O4 F9 D. B6 I6 j 118. Hartal4 g6 Y% k- Q" n, z7 o2 O- T
9 I4 T% O. M% C6 L+ f
119. Economic shutdown, i- U9 O; Z3 X `
& \1 J! f0 S- B( O' x2 v( {
6 z4 A3 B' d! X/ r5 C
. l( [. @" W1 i1 M' x' {7 o! m+ W% tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 I0 U6 Q% P- w( e( Q
. ?( }& q9 F( n1 q1 E: g
0 @$ ~+ S* Y5 m. `: ^: CRejection of Authority- u7 r0 T2 W1 Y) F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 s' b, d0 E& J; T8 L) f2 ]# x
121. Refusal of public support
' ?: O9 q. L; O/ F: b8 ^) V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ u8 _+ f; V- ^# ~, d d( k u* o1 ^, T$ [) q; N
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, y& P# n6 O/ A% @* b/ b 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 N8 @$ `$ z1 `* N$ Z7 k 124. Boycott of elections
: v, y' w" S6 J3 G. V 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! x$ B) T; X7 |: I3 |$ c8 S 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 C2 i. J( l: i3 I
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 @% w3 `( i4 l( a7 ?5 i/ y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: S* C, ^' o+ s8 ~' @- C5 j% A' r 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 r* y( t+ ^& A7 |4 k
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% t$ {: J& W+ b6 I4 b- a& H
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' v% d& M+ O/ j
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 f- A, z* ]- K" D
" n2 d" l7 U$ j! R' s2 b% h+ R3 yCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* N' F# |: ^2 W5 o' V
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 ~3 E' b+ J& q8 A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* D( h( o$ G! I3 M; z 135. Popular nonobedience
; u+ z9 P! C7 E9 I D8 ?1 p 136. Disguised disobedience* D$ n" Z9 u! [( u9 V
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
3 Z8 O8 `& B. N0 ? 138. Sitdown
) z# k) g1 C5 f% t5 B5 A 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 O7 H! W, \+ f0 N3 V6 Z( q" U 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 }* P0 T( c6 @. Y2 w 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 G- K- n! i- h6 `
$ a8 t7 p2 G9 {8 l9 r M9 h4 l! aAction by Government Personnel% J! p% B B* K% D$ k$ m% n
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 j4 K: ^* }9 {. J! y0 J 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 `# s- K5 K) Y2 M3 b3 V3 ^
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 b# C) ]. P& A6 p$ n. W8 r. c 145. General administrative noncooperation5 a4 U! {! b0 l2 C9 O, Y) u
2 Z* b$ O5 C; ^$ p 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ |; ~9 e0 j: }; L 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 \- j. Y6 Y, r 148. Mutiny( x! e5 I; e7 {
Domestic Governmental Action- ?0 ], r+ _' `6 Z3 _0 I. V0 x8 c- n
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 S- Y& g w: {. a t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: S5 H! A; Q- l3 p, p" y" m9 X4 u- M
5 W$ J3 H. H+ _, g
International Governmental Action
5 F+ u1 M7 M6 Z* y+ ^' N: n! _ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
! K8 \7 q4 r# a- l# u' q K- u 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
K; A8 |- P' U/ ?7 S 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 F6 N. W) I" U7 z3 M$ C# e0 E( m 154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ a- O; R. n; f) l
155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 \4 V$ a5 @+ [+ H! ^1 u" W( \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. c. c! I3 i8 w 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 p0 p& X5 `- `# [9 f) b+ q7 `
. }8 j" |+ v6 ^
# o4 C$ P4 m' S" P( k ^# ?. X/ F3 `: E* n& U3 w6 d. `, s! p3 \
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. ]9 t+ `$ h4 l5 \! W) B/ R
2 v0 c6 i' |/ ?! U* p* V
( S% G& k) Q+ \; B. H
Psychological Intervention' i& k1 y) v# S& a
158. Self-exposure to the elements% f- i4 n/ D( a6 b0 j+ G2 q# [* }
159. The fast: Q* Y% h, o, o
a) Fast of moral pressure# I2 ?4 f' l+ a, k5 U9 N
b) Hunger strike4 A, t' v( ?+ C1 L) Q, E; O
c) Satyagrahic fast" i( K- M% b$ m, d/ ?
160. Reverse trial
0 a( w7 M( E: K, ]/ k/ a 161. Nonviolent harassment
* c" S1 ^* Y5 |6 M# w7 y. ?; f% [: A& q" J- H
Physical Intervention2 X8 @5 N2 ~# \
162. Sit-in- p0 G7 [/ B5 r" s F+ |" c8 O
163. Stand-in
/ D0 ^3 P" v+ [6 e7 i0 T 164. Ride-in
% ~: g: W- d6 r0 i$ S. z2 J 165. Wade-in) c! U9 \' C, I( L( r' ?7 i5 l
166. Mill-in& F/ M9 O! G. h/ u. [7 ?. h
167. Pray-in
" r' N1 S+ j4 P' |: Q7 K" H! x 168. Nonviolent raids0 {5 D& M% ]$ u. z
169. Nonviolent air raids) v# j; M* V8 h6 f
170. Nonviolent invasion
" a" B1 N4 ?' L 171. Nonviolent interjection. v1 J3 l3 N# i; Y
172. Nonviolent obstruction
: C! K& P. o- G$ B( q 173. Nonviolent occupation5 {+ f+ A/ l i
& F& x. h1 A" `/ a V
Social Intervention
$ ~0 h) d9 [, ]/ H4 m 174. Establishing new social patterns
, h, h: B5 ]+ Y6 L 175. Overloading of facilities" p- ?' f" k0 S2 Y. a4 y
176. Stall-in
# N5 B: [! W6 b 177. Speak-in' D1 P! k" @; d, b' ~ `% \" o1 v
178. Guerrilla theater* C5 W4 Y' J" t% U% @% c( Y
179. Alternative social institutions
) {3 y/ u4 }) s7 @4 b$ { 180. Alternative communication system0 \" W4 h2 Y' Z# ^" B" \3 L7 C# j: p9 K
$ I2 N( J8 T5 e: i1 W
Economic Intervention9 {6 T9 ~: x! h& Y
181. Reverse strike
2 u% t: `% H7 j! E2 B. G- @ 182. Stay-in strike
5 X+ W. X! I: g5 l* M) j( ]2 C0 H 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ y+ ^& L, m! y; L ]0 U 184. Defiance of blockades
m1 H- J8 ]; x! M# s" P, X2 h 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 P6 r$ @* W! R- l( U
186. Preclusive purchasing( K. @! h3 s9 j! H
187. Seizure of assets
1 O% v- @5 {1 N- m2 M2 \8 d 188. Dumping
6 V: x5 G3 U- G" r }1 F6 g) _ 189. Selective patronage9 E7 ~/ z6 s4 r8 P' I9 @
190. Alternative markets
2 G- j2 _4 P( w- _$ C% T O7 a Y. U3 Y 191. Alternative transportation systems
# O( I, A: V" z; l: E x 192. Alternative economic institutions. o* `8 v, m, y$ T; W
& @ K' Z2 u. c* J& `9 v- E9 h) r
Political Intervention
+ w9 O) Y& C" U 193. Overloading of administrative systems2 b2 v5 `: U+ c! t& i) n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 A9 k/ X& ~5 U 195. Seeking imprisonment
) u! t- R W& {9 T+ |5 @ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, \! |7 q1 b ]7 d- @2 f 197. Work-on without collaboration" k% ^# d" y9 x
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
5 s3 k' s B, a! J' S( ? }8 C J8 ]
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
