 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, i, `/ A2 w2 T$ J! U; h8 y% e- q7 L
Formal Statements9 q# a6 n* V( m6 o+ B& A. h# q: m
1. Public Speeches
, L, ^1 u( _* L0 q2 ~1 Z u 2. Letters of opposition or support0 z) }% E- p- D- H5 D& y
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, T {/ f$ v$ v! ^! m* V" i 4. Signed public statements8 p( f5 k- Y# v
5. Declarations of indictment and intention J$ {2 e+ Y0 `" O* R+ E; j2 k5 M
6. Group or mass petitions6 O6 L1 N$ e0 q
1 Q7 z& d$ |" u. y' D4 `Communications with a Wider Audience
- V s2 W6 X9 F' |0 V 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
g7 g4 ]! N3 y! m+ n# J3 `( G 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" D0 n3 z4 {# m0 W4 f" K! A& _0 k 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 Q$ K+ t2 N, i q
10. Newspapers and journals8 U9 X9 }) A$ v
11. Records, radio, and television* m4 ]6 j" N( ]7 y; a9 ?' q
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 g. h" h/ j' J
- P& l; q- \# l6 v: h! }/ S, C& C6 j! FGroup Representations
5 i# z. v1 V& C 13. Deputations# R' Z7 t' d/ U# A# {
14. Mock awards# z) {% I# M, G: F& N
15. Group lobbying
& @* A3 m! o& r- H- R 16. Picketing& K7 g& x4 G& ^* q3 d, p5 r" z [
17. Mock elections& U: U) J) t7 l! c0 I, F4 [5 o G
% T, n' V4 D" w/ P3 E5 B
Symbolic Public Acts
' {* P4 m) g7 q1 g6 D 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 ^' T- P) w2 W) s7 L3 Y' x- t1 o
19. Wearing of symbols% ?! e* w- E% k1 M r+ l) _$ @
20. Prayer and worship# a( v' B3 \& y8 v1 I' m B
21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ r0 j1 t' X3 `) l3 L0 N) \ 22. Protest disrobings3 f* w e2 j& s7 L
23. Destruction of own property
& k) H- ^- e7 a/ k" E5 W) } 24. Symbolic lights
! `! L, Z% `, o: m+ ] 25. Displays of portraits
8 b3 G- n5 ?: _: ~- u- L; q5 C 26. Paint as protest) \1 A2 `4 |( C3 H/ V- L
27. New signs and names
- U6 f1 q+ d; a& m7 o: v0 d. j% X 28. Symbolic sounds
0 e" L6 Z: s$ Q6 Q) S4 R 29. Symbolic reclamations; L: c8 ?( z; \4 A" K+ K
30. Rude gestures2 N1 L% x& ^5 I( ~9 e
6 n8 n/ t/ A, ~# y- p
Pressures on Individuals$ y w, t# k" n! F& L6 B/ O- o
31. “Haunting” officials
* n/ X7 p" l6 W 32. Taunting officials
6 ]+ p" ]: ^( [ 33. Fraternization! }9 i3 y3 t2 |: l6 y9 Z' R
34. Vigils7 B' U1 R; j1 w# A5 H
+ J8 ^6 `. Q; h
Drama and Music
5 U( I; W% t6 `$ u+ Z: V' l 35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 L# B) m$ t3 V/ w' T 36. Performances of plays and music
) U# m" Z( ^( j; m5 `3 t# F2 K) X 37. Singing
7 V3 l5 e3 J2 j, n6 i6 @; u7 }2 F, |0 p, Y, K( i* ]
Processions) C1 I, Y) o5 F( Z
38. Marches
- K7 x6 X- i T& i O O% b% f 39. Parades: ]2 v6 F- x3 `; N$ s& U. }
40. Religious processions
- p. I) F+ p$ } 41. Pilgrimages
- p" E; a- v/ e1 z1 U" V' F2 ^& G 42. Motorcades
+ Q1 a; ?# e2 e: Q4 D- n5 y! u: s- F6 P0 D& ]* N
Honoring the Dead' }- f7 b3 k- H, M( ^+ \) h
43. Political mourning4 |+ c" i5 ?+ ~" p$ S* c
44. Mock funerals, Y. @; O8 U# S! F0 r0 a
45. Demonstrative funerals
" Y7 V: f+ h: x; B5 o* K 46. Homage at burial places$ C0 w8 T7 j7 O* J$ Y, X
+ W5 B4 i/ ?& uPublic Assemblies
. H0 X9 W- b* [ B' E0 K, Q: x 47. Assemblies of protest or support
( }; ~! `0 D1 v! d: `7 b 48. Protest meetings
; N- A& V0 D6 K# Z1 I 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ N5 p d. w- ]$ n$ E7 ^ 50. Teach-ins
* G3 I& r. C" }( J( @% K
: q3 ]' p$ j" fWithdrawal and Renunciation t" r! G; p0 T* t$ `% u
51. Walk-outs0 Q) [ g; P, z' X$ ?" r; c
52. Silence
/ M- U) }# f' h6 \ 53. Renouncing honors& {5 q, W7 e6 F7 h! k" h
54. Turning one’s back
1 E% X( Y. ~3 A5 G2 h9 i# U
; T; K+ }5 g ?- f$ w7 l
9 s+ ?8 M% s0 d6 v! {6 @1 y- S% F& V! k2 V0 }. N# c
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 z7 [8 ]- N0 g4 x* D% A2 U* Q# Y* e1 j, _. l' a
?- p2 m0 q; W0 d* s- e* M
# L* t U7 i; u* Z; WOstracism of Persons& T/ v4 v; y% I2 z1 ?
55. Social boycott
6 J) p2 A: ~( X* W: M& d 56. Selective social boycott- A& L. d1 V* J4 r. a% D3 R
57. Lysistratic nonaction! R5 G- [6 A! l% W' x0 W
58. Excommunication
0 L( u) F/ O: r* g 59. Interdict
" k# B* s! U# I8 ~4 @$ S. b% _; S7 c) Y. f+ K# o7 r( T
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# w6 G9 k9 ^) z( H) M3 j, U9 }
60. Suspension of social and sports activities- V, Z6 e; q# a* @ ] S7 R
61. Boycott of social affairs. r# N. |1 i+ q2 d+ A1 e( \
62. Student strike" E$ X) P0 J& I/ W1 J. F
63. Social disobedience
' e! z3 a" C, f/ k9 a7 w# L 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& |7 r4 J# S/ P+ T$ M. D2 j; [3 e) Y9 q6 i8 t7 `) ^ c. G
Withdrawal from the Social System) g" g! X, h. }7 v# N4 H
65. Stay-at-home0 m; Z+ D& k( i
66. Total personal noncooperation
. b0 w, k+ @8 [- Y' r) r 67. “Flight” of workers
0 [' @0 \) k. t9 K; _ 68. Sanctuary: |4 S1 c: Q' n" ?9 @
69. Collective disappearance/ k- ?& N. \& m7 j$ L0 ?3 ~$ A& h
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& j& C6 Y" t" B' ?% N- |% C% H
! E5 v. l- U# D: X' R5 Q" i0 C , Q; V; z$ m: v) U: ~1 A
' g2 I# J: p" p+ X
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; u$ Y6 L/ y* D6 o$ N) I. c
9 L7 v7 G* m! R# a, ]
# z! A1 {7 ~/ b# X: J
Actions by Consumers
" {; u) C# q7 J1 {+ J# d( k 71. Consumers’ boycott
. |4 i- \. H7 {0 ?1 F4 L( V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 t( s% K7 f6 d5 c! l% t) ?' L1 [
73. Policy of austerity5 s" ~* X4 W3 j% Q7 Q$ I# j
74. Rent withholding
* U" H1 X1 F5 B+ n" N# L+ W! y 75. Refusal to rent. A6 @+ U# n4 o8 f
76. National consumers’ boycott
+ }2 a! V% B2 C5 ?! Y7 q 77. International consumers’ boycott7 ]/ e+ N: u% f5 ^) v( {2 y3 E
" s+ E! i; n! P& X, l1 b, gAction by Workers and Producers
. H' O" h4 |8 a' N3 N 78. Workmen’s boycott1 V" j' u2 s3 P; h2 b3 O
79. Producers’ boycott
2 a0 Y% n2 {3 D1 o
( m/ Z) C2 k, Z4 e) Z! z" S* }Action by Middlemen
' \$ p( t4 w0 M( w 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 {6 I* {; M- n
& L( B* {% `3 W+ n$ @& G+ {; _Action by Owners and Management
) y9 T9 O, ~$ h3 i! O9 k 81. Traders’ boycott
% v- r, a) f8 D 82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 c/ c0 h" U: ]2 Y 83. Lockout
3 g) ]; E. A' ?4 W 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! J2 d4 R: F2 e9 \+ O c, c) ` 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
* A: h8 a9 `6 x& H* Z0 s& ~9 `$ f) _/ z6 S8 H9 r" I7 S0 Y% z2 Y0 w+ R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources9 V2 e/ N/ f: G5 X
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( x3 u5 `2 x/ x9 a 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' A5 l; u5 c# V u" E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ x( [! R7 H2 F% f7 z# | 89. Severance of funds and credit+ G8 V& _* K5 q$ k6 n4 e' k
90. Revenue refusal
# z$ c/ v! d: ?3 o" G/ D 91. Refusal of a government’s money H5 K: ]: j3 f j* B# f5 \7 v
# o: p" O" _' l9 ~/ d! `9 e# ZAction by Governments4 M9 J' L$ e J
92. Domestic embargo
: D" z/ @1 B& @7 v 93. Blacklisting of traders! z2 d, X4 E: H) Y) _" x
94. International sellers’ embargo3 w( E' S/ ~) U! j _ u# O
95. International buyers’ embargo& Z0 g7 \( q$ ~' ~+ T
96. International trade embargo9 {* i' G4 I# R
$ Z" W, A* ?& z4 o! z$ x; b
0 N6 y& K3 `+ l- _0 G1 T% z
0 U- b4 g Y0 h8 }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
) U2 l. k4 d6 ]0 f* |1 F- ?# g5 H; o
2 p/ m9 K& A* n! K
Symbolic Strikes
% V8 c* N5 b# A- v ?- Q6 z! U& | 97. Protest strike. i- U0 a$ p3 }. N8 O; O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- v) E" p: b. x5 g4 p
1 Y, B4 J. H( g9 E1 ~3 i2 G; rAgricultural Strikes) Y" Z& r. I6 R! c# W
99. Peasant strike' S3 u O5 d5 ~
100. Farm Workers’ strike( c; Q; ~+ B' P; \
: _4 u* Z4 b4 _9 p" X7 wStrikes by Special Groups
8 J- t& w/ R+ a0 H8 N# P 101. Refusal of impressed labor
d, i: X) V/ F, \ 102. Prisoners’ strike
. K' x6 ?. E- [- u5 O; b3 C4 E; o7 @$ K 103. Craft strike* p' x# [! [8 L/ ]7 e6 L3 r& b
104. Professional strike) X8 w0 N- b/ @* P, \' \ O% k
7 H8 F! r" f" \) h& [* V; c
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ ]2 V4 S$ k _ m) P% f 105. Establishment strike: ], q6 W3 \% `6 M
106. Industry strike. V' ]: |4 l5 G( ~
107. Sympathetic strike
' F% t- E4 O8 }- p0 o$ N
# O" G8 Q! {0 N4 T( E! zRestricted Strikes) @' b; L0 O# w
108. Detailed strike
0 S6 O4 E5 ]+ J 109. Bumper strike0 ]2 _+ u' V0 z/ p; G/ i4 v9 `: s
110. Slowdown strike7 Y o: c* `$ e9 j1 A G( }
111. Working-to-rule strike3 C4 d+ x, X1 C5 [5 f+ l
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' k3 H' w; [+ f" F3 w* J4 m 113. Strike by resignation! x! H( U+ F0 S
114. Limited strike7 {$ A4 [( J, c. v0 P
115. Selective strike
7 A" z4 t N3 J) x( a ~5 ]7 A8 E: C% Y" ?/ a' h
Multi-Industry Strikes( P% y7 r2 ~* L6 i3 T
$ M+ d F f- w" Z 116. Generalized strike2 t1 `7 D" {9 Y E: M' z( d
( l; F/ t/ r0 b 117. General strike
6 i) `/ y% a0 f9 R$ o8 u9 h4 O# Q3 o' J
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ u8 S8 d8 |# X
5 E/ |4 O% W& Q G c
118. Hartal
- J3 [5 a' [" |+ Q& ?& r. ?$ \9 N' @ e r
119. Economic shutdown. c4 O$ A* {" F; n* Q6 t1 L
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0 g; F; H& l0 S/ G
4 Y" x: O0 b% U3 d. \6 M# ]THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: z& q( z g- F3 e5 @! f4 G
& i& F+ @1 x( J0 Y6 Q2 C- s J! {
1 G# }8 l: q' c- iRejection of Authority
. {" q8 O8 |& { 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& \$ J0 _* O7 [8 I# p' e6 L* O 121. Refusal of public support
5 V M2 K: b7 z6 D- K1 X 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' p2 t# }/ ]' P& m2 k' F
! n. ~8 E! r2 B" M6 l8 }7 `Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government; y1 G1 \ n) S, Y+ ~/ R5 g
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# z% M7 i% `" R0 ^- z5 d 124. Boycott of elections2 Z$ r9 d4 C K: u4 a" P0 H
125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 T4 x1 s7 J, P3 j- [% b
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& Q5 q2 m5 Q6 L( f x; g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; u9 z7 M$ [6 s U 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( Q) V) g( H' g9 h2 e. P
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( n. K& d/ z9 i, x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 [; O% j, {4 w1 b 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials5 {( q [6 g2 r }4 b
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
\* d0 U$ w& H8 |" m3 f8 ^) b! j- U ]( [* [* i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. O( J2 P: N5 W* y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 M2 M% s3 Q1 Y% K* C; l0 t1 e2 d! v 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 A4 f7 m, ~$ R4 h7 H( z! w; F) Y
135. Popular nonobedience
+ p2 X C% N& I6 ` 136. Disguised disobedience
6 T& v; Y- l4 T- c 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
1 ?: D5 E+ h" W: Y/ C: i 138. Sitdown
0 I* P3 B/ \& f B% G! t4 Z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) [5 f" O1 l. I) Y( u
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ Q7 [& W% H& H0 h4 k. N7 _2 ~ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws }/ c, `# B# f4 h! u. M. t& z0 X
6 Q7 l% J+ C8 c# Q1 {' ]' hAction by Government Personnel; X' N1 o0 k7 A
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: \! C0 S7 z2 E% l _: }/ S
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& \1 r* j C: D! b* T) V9 {7 O 144. Stalling and obstruction& G Q# f6 k" _0 g; a8 x4 ~$ a, ~
145. General administrative noncooperation: P) @* ^2 h2 t) R8 W5 R
0 z5 u4 f2 F! ^* I! i
146. Judicial noncooperation
/ t1 Y7 L4 T! r+ v I n 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: y P6 ~' Q1 C 148. Mutiny
; N3 K3 |" N! W$ H/ Q1 F8 k) vDomestic Governmental Action/ ^1 A8 P" Q' R
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- ]0 H) ]& U% m' h$ v7 D 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- P7 o/ K% n0 b8 P- A$ d, `% x' k1 T4 o0 H4 ~
International Governmental Action% h! @+ j+ @5 ^7 v2 z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& C8 [# @3 d/ r; a( t; d7 v 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, N! n7 U( |1 V, c
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& h4 g* Y# i7 Z& L t# ]
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( ~% I' H, h5 h
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: Y6 v5 r& K3 R0 g 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
& v5 N$ [/ w5 Q* [7 F0 {% g" G 157. Expulsion from international organizations4 i! E& C$ b! ?/ B
$ U3 J* ~. R, D+ q% H9 J& e
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4 J4 J( F% C, Q! M- [+ zTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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9 ~5 r( N8 T) O1 P8 t4 U
& R' b* z5 d( o# \; fPsychological Intervention
$ x0 I0 H' d2 g4 ?* ?' @5 D 158. Self-exposure to the elements
: L! \ [/ N+ P# b, S7 E 159. The fast
3 n8 D+ H' d4 } a) Fast of moral pressure
$ f6 D$ A" V/ E5 W4 m& H6 M b) Hunger strike
0 c6 J! S1 Q4 p/ ^ c) Satyagrahic fast
$ _9 L. I; G% x5 A9 K7 }( D 160. Reverse trial# r+ k7 M+ T$ H$ w9 A
161. Nonviolent harassment, k+ F B# m' B5 q/ S! ?9 B- X
8 F) i1 i r/ }1 ]9 S y' \/ Y1 v# dPhysical Intervention' l( c- R) x9 X: t; F$ w& g2 O
162. Sit-in Y/ n; \0 D9 c1 ? I
163. Stand-in2 y+ c' O% |1 w( ~; N9 l2 v
164. Ride-in
6 y, p0 a- f& P3 Z 165. Wade-in
~/ N4 K+ Q# C; Q- C7 T* F 166. Mill-in
# a# @) S/ S: S% E1 ]) q 167. Pray-in
6 \! o* Q+ z1 Q# y$ e7 g& G5 r) d% @ 168. Nonviolent raids6 k U, {0 u" s) G0 E& p. u
169. Nonviolent air raids/ U4 h# v, U: {' B$ _1 A- L
170. Nonviolent invasion
. i1 ?0 ]2 q5 H$ r 171. Nonviolent interjection1 e0 D0 g# V, t; x0 C( _/ t
172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 N. L5 e' ~9 M3 i5 {4 } 173. Nonviolent occupation
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2 U( ~% k6 S' v4 C0 QSocial Intervention
+ a) t( K; Q9 z 174. Establishing new social patterns
( h% `; Q. c) u* n; I 175. Overloading of facilities
, n9 p& Q& _0 C0 H! r* I2 z% Q 176. Stall-in
7 @2 i2 a+ c% \2 I 177. Speak-in% ]) U6 k' u; j
178. Guerrilla theater
& E9 ?/ h' g( W' _* _" y* v5 i 179. Alternative social institutions+ d' v7 @/ S3 X6 i |# i$ |6 M
180. Alternative communication system
2 r* t1 S& v6 t
& l7 e( Y$ j3 a& @( tEconomic Intervention
2 v) _8 d$ P% @& d 181. Reverse strike0 A- B ~; X. `: l
182. Stay-in strike* e7 M- E2 U3 K% C3 b/ F- }
183. Nonviolent land seizure
: q" K/ b& X/ M 184. Defiance of blockades
5 d# V; }3 u2 E0 e) y4 U3 }( |$ K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* P' X3 {7 v2 W 186. Preclusive purchasing
0 }5 v1 f0 Q0 f+ c! ^# e9 y* ~ 187. Seizure of assets/ c6 _8 c! w# V3 ?/ A2 |7 z" j+ L
188. Dumping
7 V: y9 r4 M$ b8 F1 ?' I. |& ~) Z5 n; M 189. Selective patronage0 Z3 Q0 z# D; V; N. L2 B
190. Alternative markets
, K' P4 A% |* m' T# A. [ 191. Alternative transportation systems
# i- E) L2 n4 c; U; |/ p! C3 W! Q" X 192. Alternative economic institutions. j3 b) G; _) j, d
! ]/ i6 [3 b K, x' S
Political Intervention
3 S6 n3 y. W$ L$ o+ q; T( ^ 193. Overloading of administrative systems0 Q% \& d! s: I; H; [6 n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: V. ~5 n7 N8 x% n. J 195. Seeking imprisonment
; O; |1 e8 N& B; Q! E! a 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
6 o, m* }: y2 o3 @. s& L 197. Work-on without collaboration' k0 ~* \3 z4 N
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* h' f$ t9 Q6 A9 Z- Y0 h
3 }3 y4 g7 h! l |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
