 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 b- J' [9 G3 |
Formal Statements
/ p% ~8 U; k; w, [' S1 U ~ 1. Public Speeches
+ {/ z0 w, ] X* w+ m8 B 2. Letters of opposition or support
* c- ^* g1 c* x) \9 P 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
' o3 ~5 u2 H O+ g. ~( i 4. Signed public statements5 r* h* D; N- J% q4 q& j& r
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 x _4 ^0 Q1 M2 d' y 6. Group or mass petitions
8 _& f) J# @. _6 x7 {' I# Y l9 J4 G; y. @) {
Communications with a Wider Audience6 C7 x( ?6 c# O! v
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; ~1 U! y V5 M$ K
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 P" A+ H4 v8 K# e# R5 i$ ]* B 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! i$ ?1 t& k7 V& ^
10. Newspapers and journals9 _$ k& C0 ^1 k2 k( E4 D e
11. Records, radio, and television
( d$ G0 B' x6 m# B; q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ u5 L: c3 ^0 [7 q
4 X' p; x8 R9 K7 q. w' a- FGroup Representations: j; Z0 }3 J1 q" l$ s1 v) ]
13. Deputations
: F, d, T' T9 O p4 t* }& ~, U( q 14. Mock awards2 r% C" c; {9 Y( g
15. Group lobbying
5 E4 r# n4 ]+ t. A) h0 u3 ~5 ]& ?! | 16. Picketing; H) Q+ ]; K( @5 P" k' C) n
17. Mock elections
4 y2 b8 f3 S/ U+ p- d; B: i
+ m% D8 Y- Q; P% v% W3 jSymbolic Public Acts3 J6 n/ r# P* h! H' Z8 ] D0 K
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) |8 J2 S H7 }5 T% T
19. Wearing of symbols, M, O/ P4 a- q6 s) _
20. Prayer and worship
2 [/ C# W5 l7 Q$ U y 21. Delivering symbolic objects
- s. c; Y) G$ ~$ P 22. Protest disrobings
4 B; k5 }) n" }. H 23. Destruction of own property4 F4 `8 l' `+ x0 f
24. Symbolic lights& }( r( o- a( M. t) X
25. Displays of portraits: M( v( |( y, _1 e& Y
26. Paint as protest
" b2 O0 R) D+ A 27. New signs and names' l9 \- l7 x% i* f' Z- T! s
28. Symbolic sounds
' w* h- M& r' r4 r" }. S: k 29. Symbolic reclamations0 ?' H* @5 M5 Y5 ?+ o( ]
30. Rude gestures1 ^3 i$ c! { L1 H. G* R0 r2 T
4 H, E& T5 d8 G% lPressures on Individuals
! F- @+ g* D2 s 31. “Haunting” officials
& j/ w" Q" z9 O' o& Z 32. Taunting officials- Z6 d4 U$ i* {: V5 {
33. Fraternization
' I/ v p$ ^' T4 F' l( V2 D8 P+ c 34. Vigils
! Q& v4 l2 F( X) k& N$ \5 O! ?( Z. a, Y- g+ v/ e0 r
Drama and Music* }6 ^( N9 v, Q9 g
35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ {2 ]+ u, A" [( j& S( J 36. Performances of plays and music
3 p. z( e |, P8 C' e. G6 @ 37. Singing
. M6 G6 E5 ~% ?: f% S! E2 y+ ], w
, A& `, ^ h; j/ T" xProcessions
8 C7 z: l& i/ n; }9 B1 j' c 38. Marches7 X9 ?1 h( ^2 l/ ?5 ^
39. Parades
! u4 v" V0 q L( U( ]& @ 40. Religious processions1 W9 x2 I f0 _2 ?
41. Pilgrimages
* D7 L$ g# R7 ~6 h* {9 J 42. Motorcades
' W: y* [0 o- k- e& A/ h! G% j; y& s- a4 X: I5 g
Honoring the Dead
6 A8 `- P, A; ~/ X& q 43. Political mourning: b* L# g/ l( ^3 \
44. Mock funerals/ l8 L0 @' r* o/ U5 C* r7 G6 B. Z
45. Demonstrative funerals9 b! {# r V4 t( B5 R! u- s
46. Homage at burial places, x' `4 h! z5 x( k' [
# h# @" q3 V0 Z: f* m0 I, Q
Public Assemblies2 E8 o$ T" N4 l/ H* f. N
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 t1 n7 W5 S! y* |: e. w) y
48. Protest meetings6 A& a. W2 [( x' \
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' Z% S3 F. r2 U- u* o
50. Teach-ins
) Y5 n; x: l; j/ L
$ X e$ x0 ~0 x( k, `7 z# z+ MWithdrawal and Renunciation6 v3 {0 c ?1 p! r. C+ e' t6 k6 N8 L2 Q) J
51. Walk-outs' O: q/ i0 l; ~: y
52. Silence1 X9 w$ k4 M6 R
53. Renouncing honors
0 z$ Z2 I, j3 G( Y9 U 54. Turning one’s back0 ~9 E$ {* C l1 z6 F
5 m* d! x* `* F/ t/ N/ ]- n / x* f) D( @& l, t7 k
3 c3 ~- ` W4 K5 O- CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 w6 ?7 Q2 q3 F
C p( |# ?8 z. P8 J
_3 L; p8 M9 I" H
K3 v. T# }# }" e4 Q( iOstracism of Persons. ]% O9 D3 w" S7 t
55. Social boycott
2 u% p( K6 p$ C) x8 F 56. Selective social boycott
/ h, y% q5 q6 C9 b! D M 57. Lysistratic nonaction* j3 v6 k7 I# P/ L9 b$ J4 ~
58. Excommunication- h1 U0 `4 Z1 t2 q; q5 a
59. Interdict
4 z6 E* k0 k: U) a( }8 ~
* {2 P/ X; I& F, h L! ~Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, J8 n ?1 R% q5 P# c
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" p" K# P/ R: J 61. Boycott of social affairs) ]& _1 c; M! ~; p1 x9 n/ v
62. Student strike) k" x6 D+ h! _$ ^; y! V! f$ W
63. Social disobedience! o4 r- J* ^. N! v: n; S
64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 F# i5 B1 i- a. O& b+ c$ g
+ K% p8 V- v; m! B8 |
Withdrawal from the Social System
, d+ G# S: o) {, _% v5 Q8 x8 ? 65. Stay-at-home6 A8 x8 U) {! \# u, G: D! x1 W- Y# v% |
66. Total personal noncooperation( m) o' I. Y4 j" r+ h
67. “Flight” of workers2 T" s( Y9 v- H: J
68. Sanctuary
5 _% d7 {2 @0 O8 m4 t. I 69. Collective disappearance
`9 i% n* O. M: a1 I/ \- q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
5 _8 s6 j }/ s3 d4 H6 W8 u5 z+ J7 f4 ~1 ~/ I: ]
4 f$ r; F: V# P; t$ d, J3 X* J! @3 r' u$ \/ f" x$ c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
# N- G1 g$ A* r5 g( e, P
2 j8 Q I. h; J7 ^. M1 x3 h ; D- o) U2 O/ H2 g5 d7 t3 g( j, t4 w
Actions by Consumers t: u% ^3 L6 E' k
71. Consumers’ boycott
6 H/ F" \) e% T8 `! S- q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 G# p% O% u, n
73. Policy of austerity
D) y1 m6 O2 y4 s+ M' a" ^8 S 74. Rent withholding" F8 h. B( _7 a* l: v
75. Refusal to rent
" J9 ]4 j$ ]; i5 K, `7 J5 K 76. National consumers’ boycott
* m5 Y7 o' M5 V" R 77. International consumers’ boycott, M7 X( U' q/ I1 Z8 K5 Z
* Z" T+ ]# k, m; j: a
Action by Workers and Producers2 W- Y3 j0 I# ?' o7 G. v0 k2 ?3 i" n
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ q6 p8 m+ i3 {4 v9 u 79. Producers’ boycott
1 ]1 k6 K8 H& l4 ~3 E& A+ Q0 s& Y& p# ~; V o: g* b
Action by Middlemen
' u& E& P* Y: M: \8 r/ @ e 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 e- P- [% C) H% F
7 v9 X- g% k, d
Action by Owners and Management; f. b4 @2 u' a* \9 q0 Y4 o+ V2 i
81. Traders’ boycott
, ^ S: i. h$ f' d7 U- N$ [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property# v- l) c W$ y X3 O+ Z) P3 Q1 {! R
83. Lockout; ]& U: K" n0 m
84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 O8 K2 d' H i! a" o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 Z) v, G: r) B) b/ s: n
8 P' ^& r8 U" Z! ]! e* X$ AAction by Holders of Financial Resources
7 @9 u" m+ d' M% h: ? 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 i8 H- n! \0 W. t' {! s 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& }( p/ d! F7 X
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 L2 j) D Y- z. |% ], F 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ V. [5 A7 R2 u7 D: p$ y 90. Revenue refusal# ~/ H- A7 o/ r6 W% N; n" ^
91. Refusal of a government’s money7 P- W8 B& K* i; C9 z( Z8 A
9 E& ?+ ?9 \- l) ?7 U8 LAction by Governments
9 \) B& f3 K O! ]& p) `$ d$ B( _ 92. Domestic embargo
6 L* ?# f7 }! S& r 93. Blacklisting of traders( N$ }7 }! o2 _. O
94. International sellers’ embargo$ Z* x! A) Y' Y+ \
95. International buyers’ embargo
1 e# N) J3 X/ }2 F2 l: Z 96. International trade embargo
; i$ C/ A- ^; }; G: M6 C* J w8 o5 h6 ?5 ?
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. W* m8 s! ?8 e) s `- v# OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& H5 x. N n* l1 K5 \" ]
x b& ~) m9 }8 a7 J: ]2 G* P' X! O
4 B" `; @5 W' w7 ASymbolic Strikes) ]$ S& @. E' R; _( w) h0 O2 J
97. Protest strike% o2 \$ Z7 `0 N7 \- ~$ a
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% a) C _3 S, B) o9 {' m
% Y5 |- \# y+ o) a0 \. F
Agricultural Strikes
4 ^# i# u1 I, ? 99. Peasant strike
9 e3 v- b, I! |/ p. V% g 100. Farm Workers’ strike$ W7 s7 y" ^/ O
: x' f. G' Y5 T6 l8 q9 x* \Strikes by Special Groups
" x& Q% J/ M ] 101. Refusal of impressed labor7 V/ `3 y4 S w. z4 ?! E
102. Prisoners’ strike, W" [# @6 s; Q8 S
103. Craft strike5 F9 `% C. b! K1 r1 F; c
104. Professional strike
1 U* c! f1 s" ]/ }; G ?6 T9 x9 I. r" V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
! @5 `: o0 s' k. b- r 105. Establishment strike: S8 y$ S9 S' ~7 t
106. Industry strike3 X8 ~$ T9 s7 F' b, q# K
107. Sympathetic strike) ?4 Y$ k# Z( J- O8 p
! h2 s9 q0 V% `% _( w' V* h5 D( XRestricted Strikes
. N& a! |6 Z! U1 S 108. Detailed strike( z' `2 ~( S$ R- V( p! ]/ @
109. Bumper strike
2 ~8 A) z0 V5 w4 l/ p# m$ L- m 110. Slowdown strike
3 Y) F% l0 ^. j2 u3 L0 g 111. Working-to-rule strike0 e' M: m3 T) n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% g. J4 S5 K( f3 p
113. Strike by resignation
% R0 F# Z7 |3 r, w a" } g0 { 114. Limited strike7 r) n4 x2 k. u9 \5 L
115. Selective strike1 p. |+ b" l9 j0 l8 X0 Y6 O) }
& V- ^, W4 N# \8 JMulti-Industry Strikes2 w' O0 G( \2 `7 Z$ t
5 ~2 Q" n/ N1 D! C) n
116. Generalized strike
" K' F& |: i6 h% C5 o- P, G1 _
1 { ?- R0 n+ ~- N& ~4 t% J 117. General strike
& _! c* n E3 w7 g# ?
. H4 S; W' x) A, yCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 M' O" k$ {* M9 ?; t! T
9 u; F9 k- h# h6 R% a
118. Hartal
- N, T" G" \. E! }+ ]+ ^# H. ?
0 Y! d2 L6 _- A x8 j: v0 X 119. Economic shutdown
. A- y- j8 ~* ?1 p& |) k( x+ k) h3 C( {, b/ V, d) k
3 n3 K* R9 P \
2 o9 h; C9 l, b- S3 tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION w2 @) x; G0 B, V6 [
" y2 Z. p6 r- _* B6 @
# G# ]3 T& f7 ]7 i9 i3 @+ |Rejection of Authority
3 i+ Q& l6 j: R) D4 c! r" ] 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( l: s6 g ^3 Y$ w% ^, p: l 121. Refusal of public support3 L* z6 o4 U$ ]' q8 W
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 c8 C# f5 j. I2 W
/ J0 Z6 Q& j6 }+ R. S2 R. P# uCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( Q" @# W! g" P4 C$ V 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; j3 u) E! H4 I$ a- U. `& Q
124. Boycott of elections1 H, b/ a3 L' H! v5 W+ B9 @* E) K
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 R0 E% c; H N( }' l* Q: j7 i 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ d/ @4 @- B' I; n$ T4 Y
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 t# f0 a5 l" @9 t+ n- Y 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* X- Y' Z% c' b( C+ w0 q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' A( G' D1 M' a' n* `2 k4 a" b6 O 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ C8 }: }7 E' [. v 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 z' i/ Y3 ~3 y0 d R9 V: `
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% p, \9 z1 c$ E, C+ O; R
! i0 N& Z1 D/ z! m* T
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
N* F0 V* D J3 m 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) j# H' m9 X/ R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& T; B! o" L. Y6 }1 E 135. Popular nonobedience
, v0 S' N9 r: j. G1 _" x 136. Disguised disobedience( f* O. }9 Y+ T- C7 z' g
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' ]0 F" |8 E0 |3 q
138. Sitdown/ q: s% C( O- H5 ?) y0 |7 ^8 k
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: A* E- O, C' f, Z6 j8 k: ~' u# Q8 V7 H
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities O, p% ~4 c5 U& _8 J
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% g" S& J1 N$ ^ z- _
/ J P% r9 D7 D! A3 G$ J) {Action by Government Personnel
. l- ?' k4 N" d) `$ K( c7 l3 L 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: Z2 {9 d9 g" p( s 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 f+ y. j% E+ I 144. Stalling and obstruction
# f; E0 A$ H" k% D 145. General administrative noncooperation m. { K0 j- o+ c3 v
7 c. A% d3 A2 G9 Y) l4 r 146. Judicial noncooperation. {8 P- c; c$ z$ h7 g# W) ?
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& ^1 c7 O! C6 t V
148. Mutiny6 T/ R* p$ l) R) Q- I8 H
Domestic Governmental Action$ i8 {& o& Q( q1 E) x/ |# ^) G& F
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" H) D4 B. y2 }" g2 Q* `. b 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( |# y$ o* |- B+ O- F# [1 Q; o! V" g' g& l& l
International Governmental Action# E3 {% Q! w3 W" ]) f4 F
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 u5 P7 G; T; u
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 j0 ]/ F2 R% t
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 N& Q- l/ M! J$ Q* Y1 @" ^2 E 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- {3 }2 N9 @2 X+ s1 Y1 U2 j 155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 C/ Z; F3 r: F4 ~& i7 }0 z4 b0 f
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" f$ Q# q+ u( E) ]* C6 p$ f
157. Expulsion from international organizations
9 a. ?" `1 W2 d+ q# s" F" v" h8 }1 W
3 I' |7 P- j1 }( c/ ?$ J
( C5 b% o, n/ h2 ]# j
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
6 G7 F2 P' Y3 J' k$ Y' F! [7 C
8 ]! g* K" w- x$ b8 O! p ) R/ e. A* O( `
Psychological Intervention, F/ j! ^# P) j4 @
158. Self-exposure to the elements' F$ x: Z# N! t+ d3 E f* | i# U
159. The fast
# G, [( v: ~, J* e7 \0 {1 l8 a4 i a) Fast of moral pressure* k- Q" |& c0 v; B" C6 |3 c
b) Hunger strike
! f! @0 N, C. X i' B9 x c) Satyagrahic fast
$ k. V2 A. w% V8 S2 P 160. Reverse trial C4 B7 p! X( X/ y
161. Nonviolent harassment$ E: z" T( ?! _0 j
8 w' I# J; x$ j2 J" H( @
Physical Intervention
. _% b, y# M+ ~+ K' @ 162. Sit-in
2 l+ H$ x, V9 i! B9 b 163. Stand-in
1 Q7 P: f6 @+ a9 j 164. Ride-in
7 {; u7 I* s% c$ s' q) r 165. Wade-in
( c' f. v \7 [/ h2 q/ c( G# f 166. Mill-in C/ k8 u- s2 \8 B
167. Pray-in
+ I+ Z$ u3 V% ~0 D; Z# u/ s 168. Nonviolent raids
% w! B( X) r& u* @" y6 S 169. Nonviolent air raids( w/ Z5 m. e- H6 k1 a: S
170. Nonviolent invasion$ F3 S: s' q7 u6 y- d8 t( @
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 c. j2 b# h' k/ n0 j 172. Nonviolent obstruction. m) ]4 g* g! Y) H8 u# T, `& O* N
173. Nonviolent occupation+ k2 {- R6 @- m6 W, i) I
# u3 y" h5 b1 O: zSocial Intervention# O0 X- {' K+ ? P6 j# u
174. Establishing new social patterns2 _" T2 D% q8 T; {
175. Overloading of facilities( K4 E5 Q9 s1 p
176. Stall-in o. u8 j8 W* V7 v; j! C
177. Speak-in9 P. `' C* G9 ]) z
178. Guerrilla theater% S8 @( |8 v) p; z+ G
179. Alternative social institutions# Q7 [" V' y2 U$ z* [% M# g
180. Alternative communication system
$ l; h! H9 _+ G4 t4 {# l6 ~' a8 y% d: ?- J
Economic Intervention; Z i/ w" q- C/ P/ R
181. Reverse strike" X) L0 x7 o+ y+ h/ {9 X
182. Stay-in strike; B: O) n5 b% r' S
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. O# K. v4 I) Z4 _/ J 184. Defiance of blockades) g. s& o3 O- f* w$ j7 @
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% b9 w/ k5 Y' b4 a: a
186. Preclusive purchasing! t k) N. B; G7 _
187. Seizure of assets
: i1 g9 N4 _" M0 y 188. Dumping
- P9 q2 M R1 e H1 k) x' o! Z2 s8 i( U 189. Selective patronage' U0 x% t; {! y6 x/ v
190. Alternative markets
6 | K: u1 u, R& r) c/ b+ s 191. Alternative transportation systems
" N- g) f) Z! @) | 192. Alternative economic institutions
; U- S( b3 i" E) P0 ]0 `$ k: @7 L
& c6 m' T7 i0 EPolitical Intervention6 ^' _9 \. B C/ o' \' z
193. Overloading of administrative systems* Q. W/ P, e. B. r- u4 B
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: f' I- R$ l% |0 e" K% h 195. Seeking imprisonment; m4 I; r ?5 s; A7 A
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' p7 W+ x5 r0 J& F, j0 c9 [1 }/ u. O 197. Work-on without collaboration8 i& ]( E( z: p5 T
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& r; {% L5 e2 V1 J0 h
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
