 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% g$ y$ y; g2 g% Z8 M- c- QFormal Statements
/ F' w: \, C5 k6 _+ P" a$ x 1. Public Speeches
S- f% m1 T1 @ G- } 2. Letters of opposition or support* A' T& Y3 d9 s: ^1 q' @* X
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& `+ j3 K E- L) z
4. Signed public statements
+ D# v* r. N+ v8 c 5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 p. W* Y4 s2 v. u' X
6. Group or mass petitions0 e; L$ X1 ?8 D1 g8 H
; d/ K; E8 U/ D5 TCommunications with a Wider Audience
/ v1 ^% d( m/ z# v( {% A 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 L& i& c% e% `. F 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- n0 N5 P' W, Y* Y3 D# `
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# z- Y3 A4 |$ I- u 10. Newspapers and journals
/ Y q, N: P1 k* Z/ K3 I, _ 11. Records, radio, and television: d `) N$ M7 I: Q2 O. { C! O' k
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ r, U* }; X$ I" |( _" d$ [$ O, n3 W+ H( @& U
Group Representations
3 v5 t2 Q. P5 i 13. Deputations
1 D% K3 Q$ y% j1 H5 H$ f! ` 14. Mock awards( s' l. K5 i4 f9 _( ]: w
15. Group lobbying4 x6 h/ G7 m. C9 x! q. C
16. Picketing
( ?9 _, I+ ~* v 17. Mock elections
# N# R7 p) h- k9 d" V, S0 N' E
4 Z8 g; Y+ @6 F) X& ]4 lSymbolic Public Acts
* p% |) N2 @& Q, ` 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 I4 G; [0 P' x9 \- I( A+ C6 Z
19. Wearing of symbols
$ x* `4 ]/ z1 Y+ I: m! s 20. Prayer and worship! @. K2 j* @( t5 L9 U
21. Delivering symbolic objects
# Q+ k0 R& ~8 A! ~ v- s 22. Protest disrobings2 k1 K$ V# b+ r6 o0 U
23. Destruction of own property
( c: {: J9 s/ o& v" o4 N 24. Symbolic lights( N& O- D! W; _1 N i6 ]
25. Displays of portraits
8 Z* H: E' Y3 R 26. Paint as protest% R* ]; { n) n0 q5 Y4 ^$ ^: v1 X
27. New signs and names
/ T! v6 e! R0 g& w 28. Symbolic sounds
+ E7 R9 @/ ^$ q I! M! W% k' g/ s 29. Symbolic reclamations
5 c3 w* ^! M& Q! K7 w7 S6 C3 f: e4 p 30. Rude gestures/ g1 j: g' V9 H& V, E
+ t* a( p! `* z' B
Pressures on Individuals( ?+ P2 H, d, B
31. “Haunting” officials
& v$ u) i! G1 z/ a+ L2 n9 D 32. Taunting officials& i; e% r6 D K1 H3 U! F
33. Fraternization3 U2 B4 b+ F4 c8 Z# l" O
34. Vigils
* a" U! ?. I* V5 \
9 C% K: q# V9 R; M- ~ \Drama and Music
4 p, i+ Y+ D) [5 K3 Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
; h, G9 T y {) {# D3 h5 ^ 36. Performances of plays and music h# T% H) P& m2 \6 S' U" ~4 J" o
37. Singing
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Processions6 N! T3 M' a$ s5 w: U6 ~3 O. t, P
38. Marches
! p p5 ^, f" ? 39. Parades
% h {1 ]4 P! q' B* W5 ~ 40. Religious processions8 T- X) {" r5 \: G" ]- m% d
41. Pilgrimages
D+ w: n* P7 ^7 U% c& h7 T 42. Motorcades' N3 S) S6 r) b- t. f+ I
3 J; @0 ~2 ^( h) Y0 XHonoring the Dead
1 Y% Y4 r9 x, v 43. Political mourning1 C% l. K1 r3 W! J! L! Y
44. Mock funerals
8 Q/ N b$ N7 \- i( J' E. H 45. Demonstrative funerals4 j# N0 Y3 P# @/ ^( D/ f
46. Homage at burial places
8 f; t2 S5 r" Q! m
, d' A" q0 _3 A' g4 HPublic Assemblies
1 w. O: `. } L" ~# C6 g3 L$ F 47. Assemblies of protest or support: z& o T9 q& L+ z) P% b, \' N
48. Protest meetings
4 f* z1 ~7 K# x& n 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 d4 ^7 U8 R2 X. l& \$ Z' m1 h# R. g 50. Teach-ins6 B8 r$ @% Q, ?3 S5 _% u4 }
5 R8 I; W4 i. |& W' s+ U+ _: ^
Withdrawal and Renunciation1 V, H1 \2 _$ K% j1 V9 N# g9 I* r
51. Walk-outs
$ Q! ~) d0 y3 z7 X 52. Silence; v. t% Q8 U7 ?" A. T
53. Renouncing honors
8 Q0 R. T( F8 p5 L' b 54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 h& _9 @+ F. R; u G
: M" a* g# K" h3 b0 q& I J
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2 a; K4 ]% f( P. z+ p* `( |1 ROstracism of Persons
+ l+ R# |/ g' u" R% U* M8 k; ~8 A- N 55. Social boycott
$ S- d1 p- y( I. S9 B 56. Selective social boycott" u& _. ]4 i/ b4 ^
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 m( W" g% E# w 58. Excommunication
, F# s" s6 s5 w% D 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* `% c" `9 {) |# R 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' l1 X6 l8 ^0 s* w& E
61. Boycott of social affairs
) L5 d) P' g: R1 o4 a 62. Student strike+ {& A2 T8 }) _, c4 i, s
63. Social disobedience
9 W' }; K5 N/ ]% d H 64. Withdrawal from social institutions, N/ h2 R" C4 R! Q* Y5 P
- i' e* J) J: FWithdrawal from the Social System2 K0 l( U2 l$ u$ {' V
65. Stay-at-home
' Y v) ]8 W- d; C/ W 66. Total personal noncooperation
, J# m* ?5 `2 a8 c/ w ~ 67. “Flight” of workers4 s# \3 j0 Z, Y/ k) @, b6 B9 ]
68. Sanctuary% Z0 C) h1 }+ \5 O+ L
69. Collective disappearance! w( I- g8 V5 o. f4 h( n
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! g+ ?9 \4 c9 h5 g7 F4 G' C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* @' m& H$ a6 Q8 c
8 j; y# K8 v& N6 f. H5 s: }
0 i+ h" o8 w: j2 [Actions by Consumers
! R& d0 u! b* d- U# N 71. Consumers’ boycott& Z; u2 I7 B: M) U0 r- H
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. I4 G- `- P( P8 E1 R* `
73. Policy of austerity( a: ^# I: R; R
74. Rent withholding+ ~1 O8 X3 ~5 P" B1 u! G- j
75. Refusal to rent
1 e! L. m* I+ ?6 `" C2 J/ v 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 r' C9 K# t/ G3 C( v 77. International consumers’ boycott2 Y7 w) ~0 Z4 c( v% ~% R! H; V) q
( [. A/ p! u+ iAction by Workers and Producers k2 W5 a6 G) g5 j/ v
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 [ o$ E P# g- e/ t9 ]* W- ] 79. Producers’ boycott, o- w1 l) g0 K# s& _
' t" K2 l3 R% h0 B9 J; S; cAction by Middlemen
& E1 B$ L1 A, a' f 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" u4 {. B1 T0 t' h1 R7 x% M" F( E
9 J" A" X5 ~ w( _! L0 j! U8 @Action by Owners and Management+ {1 Y( T" h" W& e& T S N
81. Traders’ boycott& Q4 k4 t! M. s( r5 r
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: m' [ [( s/ H 83. Lockout4 o2 L* X/ c" p9 F! G( t' i0 S( t
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! ]$ ]4 J9 q( B& G5 V
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 w* U* {- E) S& w- N# [2 e" Z7 Q% c$ W- m( ^ R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 B0 P' }5 o2 {( e9 v# Q
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! m0 Y, x/ x) o1 J6 c) q$ p 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 X% V& [7 Q% L0 X6 S
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) B2 `# y9 }1 x 89. Severance of funds and credit" \6 [) \ {: v* E8 j
90. Revenue refusal( x8 S. d7 b! z2 p0 H6 D
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 M( S* v/ `( x# O' s& }( W
4 ?) ~( `! h$ I0 VAction by Governments6 Z- F- v" T9 O3 a
92. Domestic embargo
, I7 e8 V2 Z" M1 t 93. Blacklisting of traders
, `3 e7 a' C4 S# ~ 94. International sellers’ embargo) g: J$ f- i4 q4 Z+ v
95. International buyers’ embargo+ H/ l7 M; z8 z+ l2 [' I/ R
96. International trade embargo9 X- Z5 L# n! ]3 g2 G+ T2 G
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 w; e. W+ K; ]
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; P' b" J3 E% Z! |9 _Symbolic Strikes. Q) u6 e0 u+ m$ I2 d
97. Protest strike2 v+ E6 ^, J4 o! A2 ^- a* o8 ?% m( F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 c! `5 H ^3 X! g: A8 m) \& s+ A0 W( l
Agricultural Strikes1 {: K: G1 b5 ]% Z
99. Peasant strike) c9 R. T/ ~ ?7 I# p
100. Farm Workers’ strike- k( ?7 C" K; b: w
1 C: ?* Z0 Z0 h) ?/ k) s2 |; UStrikes by Special Groups( O( i, S# t F' {9 W( W
101. Refusal of impressed labor
. S$ Z% t+ Z# z 102. Prisoners’ strike
% u9 G" {& n" @8 m; h, B0 U% q 103. Craft strike9 F# Z3 \- K7 ^* ^ D
104. Professional strike( u7 ?' O/ H6 r; g9 K0 z
- ]) M9 v, g; U- H$ @* q: }% f1 Y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes( [5 g1 c9 l" _3 w3 C* b
105. Establishment strike/ C* r. g+ ^' \+ P4 }1 Q; Y
106. Industry strike
, G+ b2 H( f, k1 ]0 l; E9 p5 `% K5 H 107. Sympathetic strike) U1 F& J8 Z' C
9 N" y! }7 J4 ^4 }4 x# \, }) y/ j
Restricted Strikes; C2 J+ P: Z. X! h
108. Detailed strike" y' |4 g! D2 }
109. Bumper strike4 f" ?' E" Z. _5 U
110. Slowdown strike5 ~$ J9 ^' U& ^, W
111. Working-to-rule strike- \2 ? z: F. d) T
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 h" n& K: J: e( N& l% J
113. Strike by resignation, h2 _( H! ~8 x& K
114. Limited strike
5 V0 u* K4 i5 A4 Z% N4 u; Q 115. Selective strike
3 e8 [+ p4 b& q, d5 V- M
' v; C! n% O' P7 i _5 HMulti-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike9 v! n/ j/ W Y# ]# m3 b" r3 c
) u6 }9 R7 @. ]" {5 Q: Y 117. General strike" L0 }* o" Y# C: e/ u) ~" a
+ G, f8 K# }7 S! d" p. Y7 K3 {+ }Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures# p2 E2 r, _. ~ Y; b
1 R1 d1 F; ], E4 `2 R; F# ~- ^
118. Hartal6 \; l/ N# {6 P+ a+ c. i/ k
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119. Economic shutdown
( ^: }- c' j, I" _4 ?" g) K+ w! d4 I( o# Y* ?7 N, f3 f4 y1 Y
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: p# ^- V4 |& |. Q" w
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$ F0 Z+ H7 {$ P |9 rRejection of Authority7 A* Y( B5 z. P6 _5 F4 q# w
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance w, k* n% r8 b0 R2 O
121. Refusal of public support
" L0 a$ S! _& Q- v9 J3 Y# Z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
r* V3 V8 v! m6 b3 B% ^) m
: _+ k4 `2 _. V+ d; I1 `7 }% hCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government% j8 O, F2 g# G
123. Boycott of legislative bodies- ^& i$ T4 p/ d/ x) c
124. Boycott of elections
u1 e, S4 G6 p" ] 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: f" U; |2 X; ]5 O- g N G 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* T% z& J% {( k
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 `2 {0 F$ E+ A' p" v/ s* S8 b L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 Z+ T( G4 k% c 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! s" H0 w. s6 h7 _. d2 r, c& K8 e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; _4 D8 r! y5 \1 V9 M3 E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: X* a2 W2 A) [- x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ d! `5 Y# g* n: L
# y; I- S. c- @; K4 |Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- X/ w# c! C3 f, f3 k 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
! t" x8 t# T+ t# @$ A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 Q" E8 K, P: w; R* a g# l
135. Popular nonobedience
2 t+ u) f# m" \6 i6 N8 z 136. Disguised disobedience+ G* \$ y* l3 _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 {- ~8 S4 y# L7 ]6 N 138. Sitdown6 V+ V' V- k P" j- j% ~
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; [2 q; Z7 \( A5 O6 |( f3 |
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 l$ |3 l! k5 M! }3 q$ K5 W
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ H( J1 o. e I. n, `
" k5 Q0 Q8 x; y) k' r9 H, oAction by Government Personnel3 |" U8 v& ? n: |/ }/ m
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ M1 [* [- I8 i2 `# R! Q7 }
143. Blocking of lines of command and information. g {! y) a( K
144. Stalling and obstruction0 G" ]& ^9 R1 ~( J
145. General administrative noncooperation, @' ]6 V. h x
3 S7 E. S/ x- S 146. Judicial noncooperation
% S+ z) X. y, ^8 D! e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 \! a8 f( K* k& O 148. Mutiny
9 k/ b2 C, |! ^! D6 MDomestic Governmental Action% N4 {5 i4 x& R) V; |
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays P% r6 W& ~! v4 j/ H3 m
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) W7 i' |+ b& R2 X( z' g
+ U! ]: m5 O0 o2 r9 _
International Governmental Action' }, Z7 `; t9 ?7 j+ ~6 I
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ o X+ W3 b( ?7 k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ L- L# F R! E, k n
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
" d6 c# x! l) p8 x 154. Severance of diplomatic relations( V2 I5 C1 X1 [2 F; B* ^2 y" i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ F. d4 g. H5 D( F0 v8 p; y; ]) j& e
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ k2 |6 q& A# J0 S2 X. G
157. Expulsion from international organizations' I8 Z2 F, C' L# d, m8 W* j$ P
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION3 F) S# U4 ]! l" n
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0 C7 \/ U* a, oPsychological Intervention( w7 H* l7 u. v7 s0 u/ s
158. Self-exposure to the elements7 r* }9 m$ E/ W7 g+ ~" e: u; Z
159. The fast
! w! K5 L' @. p* V4 _2 A' D a) Fast of moral pressure# f- S+ O# F. X; a
b) Hunger strike# A8 F. {2 A; z2 p* }/ o* I
c) Satyagrahic fast
( M: S, H& _; o. i( p( ] 160. Reverse trial
: T1 ?$ ^4 R# e* b 161. Nonviolent harassment
( l6 p! e4 H% d/ ?9 a" a
2 U& Y% b) D3 W, F: APhysical Intervention
2 N, u: y8 }, ^3 `) t. l, |' q) q: { 162. Sit-in, U: F' g* j/ R' E p7 x
163. Stand-in, b; ?8 F, z& i6 w q
164. Ride-in B0 c% X/ W( u0 z
165. Wade-in6 Y: w+ F O6 F& l y! M
166. Mill-in2 Q* ]' a$ ?) O, c3 k
167. Pray-in
! U9 K P% i# }4 ~* v 168. Nonviolent raids
( B( w( i- u) m A0 M) i- g 169. Nonviolent air raids
F7 g$ _3 c+ v3 @: ~' C 170. Nonviolent invasion h1 [" Q/ U1 T0 Y, i, n8 i7 G
171. Nonviolent interjection) p7 s- Q" P5 l5 m. J, r q
172. Nonviolent obstruction$ E: n* s- S$ x
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention0 p8 D# }$ M5 y1 c
174. Establishing new social patterns" p _, q- L ]$ k4 r
175. Overloading of facilities
# h( t) D% u; M/ b. p$ h9 z$ h 176. Stall-in
/ h7 M; B* C% L4 p3 U; b. T 177. Speak-in
+ @4 b: _. @- p4 [7 X 178. Guerrilla theater
3 i! y. ~6 b, Y& o7 U" @ 179. Alternative social institutions. Y5 R2 Q, p' Y% y* ^$ X0 z# e
180. Alternative communication system
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) [. ]4 i4 T' t4 R# eEconomic Intervention* @3 U( H0 G8 ^" N2 p
181. Reverse strike
H! z/ i" \* }/ z 182. Stay-in strike Z" Z9 G9 K" D, S& e$ K3 r
183. Nonviolent land seizure
: H6 _4 X. j( H, t 184. Defiance of blockades0 d( V/ K7 a9 {2 l; E
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. ]! [9 ~8 S% |6 ~/ [
186. Preclusive purchasing
- p% {) y, n+ R7 j4 t) e 187. Seizure of assets
( h/ s1 [" l9 t/ J4 k) A 188. Dumping
4 l) r5 b- C, d. Q# g! s 189. Selective patronage3 ~' B P9 P5 [* A
190. Alternative markets9 b, c( R( k V2 ~- d- n
191. Alternative transportation systems2 L+ |* u. }& T1 t8 i7 {3 A% u
192. Alternative economic institutions7 j7 `- A8 u7 K+ V/ Y% p
9 Z1 ?2 v; m) \& S& I# fPolitical Intervention3 J$ @/ f( {" Q+ z6 a7 B( B
193. Overloading of administrative systems
; y$ R# o0 V( R8 { m$ U J- c 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 F2 O4 \0 A/ L5 h, H/ `/ F 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 }" J+ v' N; m9 h _% c, z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& T3 U- d, d( e7 n' _: Q 197. Work-on without collaboration& Q, B( P0 f( q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
