 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! ^1 D3 J/ c' |" ]0 `( BFormal Statements+ e4 H: p+ d6 ~; B- U6 R6 ?
1. Public Speeches
* l) n. @+ q, A 2. Letters of opposition or support
" j9 P1 d' x/ K4 c$ Y& `2 Y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ Y0 d2 h4 X2 d p" v, W 4. Signed public statements5 y/ } ~# H$ F6 J
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
* l# K6 x$ X4 D/ }* {& u! g 6. Group or mass petitions
+ O' z2 s5 v! h: `( v" y; H5 r3 {7 @' o# i$ g0 M( _
Communications with a Wider Audience
% A* ], K$ [( D5 i2 Q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols& B- T0 M$ H- y( i$ t/ N; f
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 _4 U0 [* E) k3 a$ p$ H7 p9 g9 P 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books3 ^7 X/ a+ y. a T/ q1 p, Z" O) O
10. Newspapers and journals/ {( g. ?# D( W" W% q; B
11. Records, radio, and television
9 N. X! X: w% L& m' l6 {4 h 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* n$ A! y& R- P" Q8 N1 v; k* Y
" x. Q1 E% ~( i5 w0 S/ ?Group Representations' ~: a: y- I6 l6 d7 _
13. Deputations+ B" D" ^6 s9 c& C
14. Mock awards
4 v6 O3 {2 d! D9 Z" Z3 k* r) S 15. Group lobbying2 |( q& G: _$ p3 O. g K- j3 }1 ]
16. Picketing
, R, t+ k! A4 J+ B0 A& t1 a# | 17. Mock elections/ p& Q& N, A7 |4 `
4 F* M S z4 B5 l' I
Symbolic Public Acts
/ S U, w8 \0 q) v, e 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 @$ H6 N) Y9 O( V& W
19. Wearing of symbols
3 X1 F- h8 k. }$ i4 i- X 20. Prayer and worship" S/ ~2 t, |. r( o, q2 Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: x4 M' O' ~, L 22. Protest disrobings+ A& R! C7 e$ ?# Q" L
23. Destruction of own property
. a( _( d2 \+ Z0 C/ h& {) x7 r 24. Symbolic lights, ^. g+ e& r' p7 H, y4 X& V
25. Displays of portraits
' k* @+ X8 |, H4 V! J" j; N( ` 26. Paint as protest
3 Z# Z% z8 Y, |# r# P8 {% N 27. New signs and names
6 S6 B' c w9 Y' e+ e! f3 U) s 28. Symbolic sounds5 q" W; B% o8 R( Q3 F
29. Symbolic reclamations
' Z2 I P4 u" ]( f. e9 z- Z7 t- p; m 30. Rude gestures
- z& z: F8 m5 c1 [
E3 e4 f! i( `* ?0 O7 DPressures on Individuals
- ]# E- q& m& U0 t4 _% C 31. “Haunting” officials0 k! a% r3 T$ U* R# i- Q; k
32. Taunting officials) v* G2 e) p& E# r5 o2 h
33. Fraternization
! ^ x6 M- n8 {4 ` 34. Vigils
" h7 V) `5 {8 P1 [5 ~2 T0 E
3 A0 ?, y1 y/ i0 G/ [5 jDrama and Music6 v; O% Q1 }5 l7 k4 Y% v$ e7 [8 T
35. Humorous skits and pranks
# E5 {. M- l ^ 36. Performances of plays and music4 a1 J1 _/ v# N; z2 \+ e
37. Singing! X" G* T! R6 X2 l% \; Y1 x# C
- z, Q% i- J6 O1 N( `
Processions3 |$ i( S1 ~ I+ A4 G: {4 T/ B
38. Marches# Q* j' H$ W: T G1 }) S
39. Parades
2 @: ^" l/ t. D* c! {9 g' k3 ` 40. Religious processions
6 Z+ a7 w( r9 m3 |, t 41. Pilgrimages
7 X0 f/ _" W7 j0 m' l 42. Motorcades; A; A+ l3 f' R, g" [3 M
# }) I9 _4 K+ f# zHonoring the Dead/ [' A% K2 a: L. m
43. Political mourning
1 T3 X; a- y+ O, k4 F% r 44. Mock funerals) p# Z( ~; P X$ O5 ^. f
45. Demonstrative funerals2 e* u& U1 I/ `$ p
46. Homage at burial places
- M; q q! R l8 r* P( Z& u( v/ O- l5 E/ L4 S9 |# ^0 x( O
Public Assemblies, i9 Y4 F5 [2 m. P# R; q) T, Q
47. Assemblies of protest or support
, a: B" w c- [4 R: J4 b 48. Protest meetings( y, o1 ~ g6 Z- i d# {
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ @5 ?4 i' V+ q$ g. p+ o, p6 S
50. Teach-ins
1 X/ h' D8 @$ L; c, ]) {+ R! E: y& l6 u; d1 N, u' r
Withdrawal and Renunciation( P* R/ m6 v$ |1 o, l6 Z
51. Walk-outs8 z, a, \0 m( W5 ?/ {
52. Silence
2 b# O! Y7 T0 R. Y) q! Y 53. Renouncing honors/ q E3 F6 |# t2 f$ I; [
54. Turning one’s back
8 v( G# b( X* ^
5 f9 Q4 i, p4 g6 l( S: P& _, V
$ V$ b! H6 f6 }- \& _1 r9 N# Y, X/ r1 T: ~! [$ O. J
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 C# x" G1 r0 f0 d4 i3 E
* |( p: Q/ @5 ~
& @! T, [1 n# O( Q) s
. l$ v Y' _2 c9 F2 k2 s' EOstracism of Persons
3 W8 t9 x `; B) U4 t' ` E* j 55. Social boycott) |# R& |# Q; w4 c& }3 H8 s8 Y! ^
56. Selective social boycott
: E% s" i8 |% X! t( J 57. Lysistratic nonaction/ P1 v3 V1 A& P" G) j y, N1 h
58. Excommunication
2 ]# \" V5 Q" z8 b. |0 ~4 w& o+ R4 O 59. Interdict
: T* D, W9 ~* ]+ M) Z: N
5 U) _. U) O2 E$ c* c. Q3 S: a# yNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions0 ^+ |* `: `. Q+ ], N
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ E% I$ a: T) F, A/ G 61. Boycott of social affairs- P& j1 T- f9 E9 i4 l. {
62. Student strike6 f; {6 v: v# P; `( T+ {3 l0 Q
63. Social disobedience j$ {/ j/ z1 Y+ b3 g# K" e# A( ~
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; l2 W# M j/ k6 N% D0 o4 ^& T! S
+ u. n6 ^) I) N6 s+ s- e; B
Withdrawal from the Social System
1 t+ _. x6 G0 V, X 65. Stay-at-home
1 g {8 s. d9 A7 i+ x& o# C# T 66. Total personal noncooperation1 _1 P" g; m6 H
67. “Flight” of workers0 O/ \+ t3 _: X4 b7 `
68. Sanctuary' u9 w7 v( G1 q/ f3 Q3 e
69. Collective disappearance0 p3 J+ l! L& [5 Y' c6 h4 T7 y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 \) O/ F' u* h7 Q0 L/ P: g' b7 J! q2 k7 N5 |. K4 h4 W
+ {8 H0 e0 S) s6 h; Z
3 C) Q' S J. B/ j/ w, v
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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4 s! t" t6 A U* g4 p. ]; h
Actions by Consumers
& r" M! F6 w+ ?6 t0 F 71. Consumers’ boycott2 t( p- b! f8 f, ^* ~( w
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# x0 s& `" a: E3 u- `0 w6 b$ J 73. Policy of austerity$ Z' M' G! A, c4 {! H- N
74. Rent withholding
+ ?5 x9 C$ J0 P( O* a 75. Refusal to rent& _1 c* |# g8 A W. B3 B
76. National consumers’ boycott
0 i8 V! h/ u1 g; Y, k 77. International consumers’ boycott
. q, k6 k- j7 X5 G9 _2 ?3 M- g: b/ w5 }9 M
Action by Workers and Producers4 S- g$ H3 X; n. r/ d
78. Workmen’s boycott
1 V0 [/ v B1 d5 O, p 79. Producers’ boycott9 L7 ~1 i- t# t, i/ k$ L$ m8 m
* C2 T, ? v' K+ C7 K/ \9 PAction by Middlemen
& J3 L5 Y4 x: V! F& w 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: h" @) s6 F$ Q5 V, _
; `) S& {! ]' }Action by Owners and Management
W3 c& I: q+ K1 B 81. Traders’ boycott! R2 o; w/ d* o1 s( w. C
82. Refusal to let or sell property5 K! s$ c# @7 `3 `6 W: j$ Z
83. Lockout
, |. U+ z3 H: J! m; R+ L) `+ `1 G% @4 u 84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 G. L6 A6 P4 f2 {) j
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ D7 ~9 @: E5 i+ x6 M4 l9 x/ w6 ^& X3 I7 q D& o+ U
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
% q9 i+ I1 t' x0 m* f; c$ \ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 I% o0 p. N: A- t8 ~ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ F# w1 G0 W0 g+ x! j
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- d% n2 d# A( C* {
89. Severance of funds and credit
: o% q) O" n6 H0 X9 e& H 90. Revenue refusal* z; i4 ]8 M$ C/ ?& x' G2 E% x0 V0 n
91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 H- c" w+ ~ g# m- ^
{6 S& F a( C& e! ?Action by Governments1 ?# O' x/ q; d% g/ x( |
92. Domestic embargo. H* k- e5 \4 D: @' r
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 }0 V9 } F. |# B F 94. International sellers’ embargo/ P$ b: H5 b! n
95. International buyers’ embargo* E7 q9 V' t6 G6 x
96. International trade embargo
1 s/ h( S3 Y6 {9 G4 a6 V1 N
6 c6 T1 s( B9 U4 h- ~7 p. z9 o % H6 ~3 l2 m9 D y( T8 P% Q; ^
) W6 Z5 g# z+ h- ~
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* f1 e- P6 v" j" o4 q/ y {
+ B! R$ J; @/ {" l' ]3 `, D 3 ~5 g( w( q8 q( B
Symbolic Strikes* ~' F9 K$ i) h
97. Protest strike
: f s; I& N1 t" w" K( Q# A3 b 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. Y- J/ i w. ?) e/ R! ` \8 e" x. n1 s, v/ }$ t7 a. |# i% i
Agricultural Strikes
) U& v$ U$ L% M% |" h& f3 @) O/ u 99. Peasant strike- n. s# W1 s3 E! A- B/ b1 z- [) G
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ {( w" b7 K: U- ?& q- r/ S. G" Z7 W
& [1 _; E. O& y r0 Z- }7 yStrikes by Special Groups
: @4 L+ \& C& z7 s% b 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 G, b6 O8 w# U% K0 h 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 q& V3 a) n! j# \1 C+ h& w 103. Craft strike+ ?' U( m+ a h- l$ n
104. Professional strike
# `( [4 {, e* }: }6 O+ @! R9 V; T0 d7 J1 o$ i/ z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes& W5 ?% t) D! O0 L. T( U/ B" T
105. Establishment strike
3 e, c U$ h) R) H0 S, o; W 106. Industry strike
3 F+ G: ^/ W s6 o9 O- }# u: _ 107. Sympathetic strike; S( ^- ?/ [8 z0 d
( t S! D0 Y2 `( t: g0 p
Restricted Strikes5 N3 m8 d/ I E
108. Detailed strike
1 R3 B: ?4 P" z* J+ R 109. Bumper strike! T t6 Y7 r% B/ H, ]
110. Slowdown strike
3 s( Z3 y% M6 v; K. ~ 111. Working-to-rule strike& i& h [1 `& k6 A2 Z8 k c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 c5 s8 j( a$ R; a; t; A3 ] 113. Strike by resignation1 S. w# w ?4 C9 n% r% F1 m
114. Limited strike/ w/ b7 q5 [1 P+ D# |6 b
115. Selective strike! l2 E5 w& y4 ?! j1 H2 z
. n! U. o: G: o4 c# }% D0 h
Multi-Industry Strikes
3 L$ ]- ~; r0 z6 ~1 y2 r4 V6 K+ b
116. Generalized strike) ^# B2 T4 h1 H/ o
1 s3 x0 ?; q9 w) E+ m2 e1 A 117. General strike
! a) t O: N! C% A* _: `4 H( j+ s2 n5 J- y( S. k1 v6 _
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ W6 p" B d* q" w2 }8 v5 z: ^: h, [7 X- w. e- u; n" ^
118. Hartal: f2 V K1 e) Y9 j$ w
" ~! n7 m4 P, z. U9 J 119. Economic shutdown5 g* K3 x! [1 @0 `0 c5 V+ l
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0 r2 }4 R2 V8 p, ]' V) d
8 k& n: p. O# C
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority8 ?( _* I. g5 A6 N; U; @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; v K5 m& r" s; j* h$ E2 b& n
121. Refusal of public support4 V6 O* X- Q- k( A1 a: y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
3 |/ g+ J/ n7 `" d0 [6 O5 d: x$ g, Q! Z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 Z- R& K3 G; ]4 \+ N, k 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; |3 b& U0 v* a3 K% F 124. Boycott of elections
, H% C9 A( ?( _2 h 125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 _8 n, x# U" C* b2 q# j! x; s4 }" T
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ ]5 r! M' D0 U/ w6 H
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 F' V/ l9 M4 e% q& R- K+ H5 w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* p+ Z3 k" w' J" K+ B 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
; |& f! L) M% e! @ L 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 P g$ }! M( c" W 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. X X. ?$ F, ^! X2 i& I7 ?% T% @ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions q% M1 L7 R g4 d
' l, D9 {! ^7 N, r
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 C* h! H+ j5 {& E
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, P$ T$ Q+ n' ~. W7 R. Z/ o 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 `: P2 e4 X3 R/ r( k 135. Popular nonobedience
- t6 [. S5 T, j# f ]5 z& q( i 136. Disguised disobedience
+ T5 d2 ~/ T6 c) ]4 N4 ` 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: B. C, I) W6 t! t/ N2 C
138. Sitdown
3 x$ o) ~( K: c6 m; z* O$ b. [ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 r8 Q& c/ [* Z1 m0 @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 m( F2 B3 D: c9 U! O
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 ?9 h( g3 H% c/ H9 z
* {, T _" z4 _8 u, x5 ]3 AAction by Government Personnel
! N" @( Z! ~# ?5 Q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
J- u3 _1 j, N( }) i& T/ v* j3 V, C 143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 O N" x8 F' e$ R% H# u+ D& p* X
144. Stalling and obstruction
: j9 D' R2 w1 E, J 145. General administrative noncooperation
. Y7 i, G, b7 e) y5 {9 B! Y7 H$ J3 t: P
146. Judicial noncooperation
/ G- ~" F* X8 ?- Q9 A 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 v0 a& R' C+ d
148. Mutiny8 ~0 N! W6 |6 Q: s3 Y8 R
Domestic Governmental Action
5 K# A g5 b+ j 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ v: [& O9 a# i' \! P( ]( e
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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! f/ \/ }; ?7 a& cInternational Governmental Action
" f: q$ q6 `) C 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, f a& U9 B/ m. `6 C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( z: j" ]$ V8 h" d 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& G. H; x. ~+ s5 |) Q# b+ P1 x
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' d; R! F1 e j' v( ]" P
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- i! s4 V9 O7 T" t( j0 }4 u8 B 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
& i3 K9 Z3 B5 e+ Z& U3 U 157. Expulsion from international organizations# j% Z7 F( s( c o" i
5 S* n9 Z" K: ~$ q $ F! p2 H! y8 c3 p' r" I$ E
2 W9 i) N# a) f, U% _THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ p( a4 W2 }) d# [! w- `
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( Q' f/ o" q+ o# M, f# zPsychological Intervention
( M$ E4 v# T! \, } 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 e9 `7 B( {: H0 o, x 159. The fast
' H& H* k4 y. t% D6 p; d a) Fast of moral pressure6 E. ]! Q6 a# c) v4 p& F7 }
b) Hunger strike
5 W. v* w+ p% Y* l. v) \5 Q' m c) Satyagrahic fast
* t) [& U" Z9 \$ h' x. u 160. Reverse trial$ W3 D" x$ v3 u6 U; @9 \- N, p
161. Nonviolent harassment) c+ [6 r, W. s$ I% Q8 W0 n
! z$ t& O. @5 f8 b2 v- K! G) ]Physical Intervention
6 ?& ?6 N; P% K4 A, d# U 162. Sit-in" X! ~6 E7 [! q3 h* _
163. Stand-in
?% r# T0 F5 j: x 164. Ride-in' H# I" B$ `) g
165. Wade-in6 `8 A4 C8 }" |% X1 p3 L6 b9 A
166. Mill-in0 q0 o2 U: M3 O+ [2 f
167. Pray-in9 U! |8 t+ h2 B9 X; y/ b
168. Nonviolent raids/ b6 c+ {# c6 s5 m/ Y" Y
169. Nonviolent air raids9 u7 }( A8 X4 y9 C$ \9 S$ ]
170. Nonviolent invasion
4 a. E! Q6 G! O, ] 171. Nonviolent interjection
/ F( ~+ S G+ P+ q7 T' g 172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 C( t1 ~9 H/ x9 b; j& q" E; c 173. Nonviolent occupation7 n9 Q# k) f) i
5 p8 x& N) j, ySocial Intervention! ^) b, k; R. `/ Y' m
174. Establishing new social patterns0 F+ Q2 e) c/ d4 E1 d
175. Overloading of facilities
! h, K3 o) \: e `! \( p 176. Stall-in
7 g: I* i* ]" ?: F$ \; W- g4 q 177. Speak-in# @$ Z. W0 l8 m* k5 q8 L0 g3 L
178. Guerrilla theater
$ x' n" ~+ I% \' N 179. Alternative social institutions
; i6 B6 g* U8 A+ w ~ 180. Alternative communication system! l3 E! @% l! ]6 C5 D# |8 v7 i
1 x f" B3 O* g6 s( `Economic Intervention2 [" o0 v. `% M
181. Reverse strike; [5 a+ g# l* z# V% t/ [; x0 j
182. Stay-in strike
; l+ E/ Q# v: x9 b, M& X 183. Nonviolent land seizure
( u, |. m8 Y ]: l 184. Defiance of blockades
2 @2 ^3 v4 M1 }) D 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; i4 z; p* w* J; | 186. Preclusive purchasing' r/ n' K4 |0 R. b1 t) e
187. Seizure of assets
( P& Y, g7 ^+ u" O- h* g6 f2 ? 188. Dumping+ i4 w' Y) r2 }" R/ t
189. Selective patronage
3 w6 }; \- t7 w 190. Alternative markets
% k' l0 B' z/ \8 M* R. t/ h0 r- e 191. Alternative transportation systems
: m6 i# O& o8 a4 g; T( F! w4 g 192. Alternative economic institutions! s# [/ r4 b. q7 d2 q0 o, H# ?
; a: ?* W8 S/ P$ t6 @3 XPolitical Intervention
: Z0 W$ ^- ? G$ [- c3 q- F$ z 193. Overloading of administrative systems. W( n- W. x2 D5 {9 E; x
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' D3 e9 C% B* U6 ]" Q. o* g 195. Seeking imprisonment/ K8 n7 z0 S/ c3 O8 U# M6 j
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# [% T" w" v/ m* Q- K- Y1 n
197. Work-on without collaboration
% K0 W! }. C( Z8 r8 Z3 ~: N 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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