 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ i, x9 W1 ]# ?5 H# B3 j! C& R
Formal Statements1 t ^; L1 G- e+ H: ~
1. Public Speeches
* c! y" Y: D w! Y& Z 2. Letters of opposition or support$ u+ } l( j$ F7 Q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& l) q. f3 `# ?- ^ 4. Signed public statements* U4 B J; r# P* e- e2 |
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, t3 X/ V6 n/ [. g( n
6. Group or mass petitions, p$ k a1 J- b$ E2 I2 c
3 U% r& V2 y1 _8 L, ICommunications with a Wider Audience
( U4 Z$ s8 n9 o 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' g3 ^. {0 J$ m+ T: k m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) h/ Y# b, ^3 G- Y; o) S 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, p. }/ O# C# o" l' ~
10. Newspapers and journals/ a( w7 u# _+ O* o5 Y$ E
11. Records, radio, and television, [9 d, f5 N. {, C; E
12. Skywriting and earthwriting: U0 ~. {* ~/ f$ t! I/ M5 p1 }
5 d7 y3 G( `5 d: FGroup Representations3 w9 ]- ]) Q# \, k
13. Deputations1 ~: }! A, B* t' I- S
14. Mock awards
; Q$ n1 `1 h! ]! j0 ]; i4 j 15. Group lobbying
6 z8 j2 H5 v2 ]! j E! ^ 16. Picketing
9 [. a' |& ]% |1 C- T 17. Mock elections7 M$ c' ^& q8 R' H& U. z
* w5 g8 T$ Z2 d1 C4 |7 sSymbolic Public Acts
8 t: o2 M8 d4 h( z+ [6 V7 ` 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" q' ?$ n z, E0 B
19. Wearing of symbols
6 Y2 q8 x+ c# S7 v9 \ 20. Prayer and worship
9 z6 M3 V& ^ X 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 e3 b/ Z& C6 k 22. Protest disrobings
5 D3 u! ^; O M+ m( p" E/ x 23. Destruction of own property" |; z. N# I) N3 b
24. Symbolic lights2 f4 O" j' u% X! e3 Q0 R" F$ o2 [
25. Displays of portraits4 m! Y& _/ Q2 ?. [
26. Paint as protest
* o, f z. v1 g9 K 27. New signs and names
& q G) b# l; R' I$ X) J: e% J* @ 28. Symbolic sounds L# c$ m9 ^; F/ L5 o
29. Symbolic reclamations4 E) c; D+ V& ~5 {) p1 {6 x
30. Rude gestures; a5 I7 m! Z4 i/ k* ?1 q/ E: J
5 Y4 P4 E2 z% p( [
Pressures on Individuals
# \- l/ X7 b4 f) G8 k 31. “Haunting” officials8 I* A; _. Y# F* U2 S1 s/ e, A i
32. Taunting officials8 a1 ?8 o7 T& N6 s
33. Fraternization2 X, \$ W% j# ]) {, F: p
34. Vigils8 F& S4 V! M) `3 W
, R+ ^' |7 j2 s: ?4 v Q, `* N& mDrama and Music/ v. O: [: @# v1 g
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ \1 `. n' R: |% i$ y; R
36. Performances of plays and music) m. K& |+ C& W$ m# A
37. Singing
$ S' w! n/ L+ F9 E- [- {. V3 z* \: z" R3 O9 C
Processions
3 l- I( I, |# A5 c; J' Y7 P9 b 38. Marches
& T" u! E) U4 ^2 t. x 39. Parades
0 v3 `0 W+ H7 Z& \0 h0 t 40. Religious processions
3 u6 |+ `$ D; N3 I8 @ 41. Pilgrimages7 X2 d6 q$ V) L `* X
42. Motorcades1 g) \2 P/ z$ m3 h Z
' s+ R# ]8 U. k5 \( J, dHonoring the Dead
) G5 R" @3 S" S9 O7 g& ^ 43. Political mourning0 R4 S% @0 S$ ?, r$ L
44. Mock funerals
2 N. y9 Q* R) `. S8 z) ~; E# O' q 45. Demonstrative funerals
: v1 E4 l9 X& r0 B2 t* ] 46. Homage at burial places6 V2 o) s* W+ Z Y
/ ^8 z- Z5 }1 ?% ?8 v% Z! o
Public Assemblies
4 P F& r- z; n4 I. w 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 l* \( I+ n7 J+ p% ? 48. Protest meetings
! @# R, J; S: {, r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* f2 r% `! L. R; q, [' r; U 50. Teach-ins1 _0 y# I+ p! U% T, K; l
5 D$ q/ l) H& _6 J" P6 P+ B, {9 Z
Withdrawal and Renunciation
7 D4 g8 y8 I3 c7 s 51. Walk-outs" i2 G6 j7 S+ D- {7 U( J4 ~, c
52. Silence
7 N2 V+ r" L0 X" G* ?) m 53. Renouncing honors$ U7 I# ]) d* j j# H l, [
54. Turning one’s back
: Y' }* a: F; r) |' G% {
7 K9 _- ]# t! V. @0 {, m # E6 l, E# D" w" Y) T1 p t5 K
9 a/ u6 t* \5 o" g h4 eTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' z# V4 E* g# B; \9 d7 g
* O$ m6 H( \7 ]0 ]5 l7 U
# `9 t$ \; h: ~/ P3 O6 w/ ]3 d, |2 R3 m! ]* b; K
Ostracism of Persons
% b; P: s: C. X) t1 S9 y 55. Social boycott
^# F/ a X# ~6 s" i 56. Selective social boycott$ p e' n, j/ C1 U$ Q
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 x) @" [- }7 F6 F7 K" l! X 58. Excommunication
' V( e3 ?7 ]2 z 59. Interdict: C+ [7 \! T1 j1 t: [+ |
- K r/ Y' ~7 e+ @5 ZNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, ^" @" @1 H! c3 ]9 `" v" _
60. Suspension of social and sports activities) V& t% B9 [6 J" g
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 t: y8 I- @3 O9 A, M5 f 62. Student strike% z! c& z9 t( |6 c0 X5 D9 X- c
63. Social disobedience" e- }4 y( e1 F% j% ?$ s
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' |1 D. x& p& k" h4 ]
6 d' @8 d# G" H5 L: c& s9 B; @Withdrawal from the Social System8 i' w3 B. c$ i! j1 f2 a
65. Stay-at-home# b# b& b3 N/ o1 j+ j
66. Total personal noncooperation
' L: H* h) K) Z5 ^+ k 67. “Flight” of workers
5 C$ i# [+ u3 y8 g+ e$ v 68. Sanctuary
6 S- B/ _8 X& T5 a& I5 t- U 69. Collective disappearance
- m1 t1 F* x$ C) j: [* ~ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat) I# o. ^0 }4 x5 v
5 ]% @; c6 e1 ~- M3 u1 A- \; K
g7 r3 u# k. ]$ G3 S# e# `7 A
; D" j: L+ B! i* V0 d. P z( _, Y$ @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 g* P% v; v+ J+ n/ X# y! C7 D$ ?$ g0 Z) R. u
/ t# {$ q* p1 b+ [5 } z' C7 _9 N9 bActions by Consumers
' D+ `* B0 w* n( }. A8 t& W" f 71. Consumers’ boycott* q( Q: n+ l8 f9 c3 S
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# m- h1 c# X5 H9 \" A 73. Policy of austerity
8 ]. K, W/ `8 q7 n1 j% j2 q 74. Rent withholding+ z2 Z6 ~# S" ?6 `: _
75. Refusal to rent+ P6 l# g) G* C2 `& d
76. National consumers’ boycott' |# V$ K; x" p* L
77. International consumers’ boycott$ M* Y# o: j7 C2 _% \ f+ Y, h
* Q6 \7 I, ~% p" V% c# M- D
Action by Workers and Producers9 r! {* ?) B/ N& |, c+ `0 R8 b
78. Workmen’s boycott7 D+ _- x- Q: I8 I9 T; }; N& ~
79. Producers’ boycott
& p7 Y; Y N/ ]! f% m) b
, S) u! i1 S3 CAction by Middlemen
. I2 r1 R! N o2 w- E1 p 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& V: m8 f0 o% t% @- S0 [ ]& b r. P# \ n8 }' k4 p2 o( U% d: \
Action by Owners and Management3 e0 p4 s; w( z- g1 }
81. Traders’ boycott
! K- u& _) `' s# [# A8 G/ J 82. Refusal to let or sell property, \. v# Z8 Y! H5 _7 [+ U
83. Lockout
5 v$ {3 J/ ^6 F! J# k9 N4 N 84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 |( |8 [8 q* _& k! i
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 ` j; g6 X8 D$ f3 v' t9 w
. t6 y9 V9 ~ Q, ]) m# Z `# DAction by Holders of Financial Resources
6 i4 a' w2 K& \" d" V: U 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' j/ Z' O) t* S6 o7 v. Y U 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. J1 M0 U& U% x 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& ?( U0 b" d9 V( ]; |8 l6 B6 Q 89. Severance of funds and credit, W& }* @$ q9 A4 Z; d. J
90. Revenue refusal. B# \0 h# G$ D: c
91. Refusal of a government’s money% V. ~9 H! H3 \* s( i& z
6 E3 F7 v4 X3 dAction by Governments. W! J) ^1 s/ y2 }/ Y6 a
92. Domestic embargo
5 e; d1 ]" Z' B) j 93. Blacklisting of traders) q/ f P! H- H3 v( x- b* X0 Q& m3 W
94. International sellers’ embargo
: R0 h# J3 \: y) d* T, a! m 95. International buyers’ embargo0 N! o6 W1 `' h, D) m5 b
96. International trade embargo
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2 J$ W3 e1 f" vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ l/ W+ F9 _; G: t: P+ ]1 w' j
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* _: y8 K Q7 \ I: ]1 x9 qSymbolic Strikes# D- }$ C0 G" b" Z
97. Protest strike
$ n( H7 `+ f6 e! @1 e9 E% ? 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ K" _7 L# C' E* B! j. e, t0 k/ `- H8 h* g: ^. G! q5 w& N
Agricultural Strikes
6 E9 `2 a7 h) [& T" K6 J 99. Peasant strike2 _0 X; t. q/ D2 y' o! P
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 c# L9 x7 }: f! |) m) I
1 K4 @# h \ R* Z# w3 I# r; GStrikes by Special Groups
2 n1 |" |; o5 ?1 w/ l 101. Refusal of impressed labor' b K i7 G. E
102. Prisoners’ strike
q' A! k' F. D3 M( I* y- _4 V/ C 103. Craft strike
$ t# k' p; [9 q 104. Professional strike
" _6 M- T* ~, ~$ `3 d6 Y- N4 I
7 {* M( _+ |' h6 HOrdinary Industrial Strikes
2 e. a- x/ Q$ h% W' j* t; G% K 105. Establishment strike
1 Z4 W- ?" m* j% J3 ^5 Q1 u 106. Industry strike
1 G- D$ Q) `7 Q: h+ Z 107. Sympathetic strike5 [3 S$ C5 v0 a4 {; A% F+ a+ s7 y
! h5 b- ^/ p5 Z) t# i8 I. YRestricted Strikes
" ?0 A( g2 ~" x. ]* j' X& ]% {9 D 108. Detailed strike
1 i* H* W; r. d n3 v/ Y 109. Bumper strike
8 @! P" u1 w! I3 x0 n6 O 110. Slowdown strike
; F) P) O+ X, \) t$ N9 c( ? 111. Working-to-rule strike
2 l; E" r5 j5 ~5 P+ D- V 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
U5 q4 P# D$ J: m 113. Strike by resignation+ X C1 P: i0 W2 L) s Q% u
114. Limited strike
, }: G) [1 S4 H2 {5 x2 m( h7 ^ 115. Selective strike
& h2 A$ Y5 P, i9 x+ }& t1 e7 |3 U/ t1 A8 j
Multi-Industry Strikes4 |7 c0 j: q7 C8 P
. v- {' `0 Y" e6 K/ b; p 116. Generalized strike( ?; y h+ d" ]+ V
6 k0 T0 g2 L Z; g1 f% ]
117. General strike
4 q" t- q5 g6 }, ^$ W( }( T# z* l/ w* I; ]9 N, ]$ y* q+ P
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures, d0 Q1 O) e" |! j& j1 q& s
$ t1 W0 z4 }1 {8 {
118. Hartal
) W( L$ Z, B* J, U
% ?. B% F9 y( K3 ] 119. Economic shutdown
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^4 Q& I7 {3 b2 m 8 X$ j- O$ F( P- S/ T" D/ M; J
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% D3 X- ]4 f, t! f6 A$ |7 A: j1 L
& g4 |( @; z$ }1 U1 _$ c( }3 d % d: G3 A+ Z' X/ }/ w4 ^. N
Rejection of Authority
+ \2 k9 F( O9 L3 S) s* q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, _$ e! A7 ~% }! z% d2 U
121. Refusal of public support% v. I% s, d' X0 C1 \
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- @. |' S) L6 @2 |4 N6 ^
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ v& S& v4 P* b, A 124. Boycott of elections
2 ?4 E( n2 {, }, O' F8 V/ ^ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, s2 D% e- ?* N6 t" C0 R( p2 W 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& ^( z/ H Q1 ^/ W: n6 n# g9 m 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* m3 l! g& k. q8 O1 a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations9 |, j. m0 s" C& ~# u6 s/ g, c% [
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# p F% s* a* G3 \ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) P& d, k# }# S' j; C3 F1 M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 ]/ ]: _ F8 i8 \/ `; ~8 y9 M 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 i* Q) M) @: ?" z* v5 k# N% ^$ q
$ {7 {: e$ N( f9 k5 D9 X! U, hCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; B2 v7 c7 h3 a7 V0 i" y* Z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 w3 Q t' m: Z% }
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; B* B! E) J- f. j, q
135. Popular nonobedience, G/ L( C$ o% N) E' }6 Q O
136. Disguised disobedience$ ^* b) ?4 q6 Q! D5 v
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 Z7 Z' O2 J: O H" ` 138. Sitdown9 }! D) k! ?* N* ^- z* C/ w0 O3 e l: z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) Q3 m; G/ g5 n7 O* q: _: U 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' M' e( _7 H1 ~2 X
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* ]) p, }6 w: d
1 J6 P0 i* A. _* @2 }: ^% f8 o1 @Action by Government Personnel8 k- N" V, E4 Z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ l( c( S0 y. q. w% O
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# r2 a) w6 f5 J! }- i/ G
144. Stalling and obstruction
& N' p. O# R1 \; _7 ` 145. General administrative noncooperation
8 f8 {. e& F o3 E: _- K
* p! B; Q! V# X/ j3 z: x; ? 146. Judicial noncooperation2 j! \' Q/ ~* e1 h$ g+ u
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) R6 y! J! w+ ]! t& R& H/ d* A 148. Mutiny
5 B2 k( r- ` }! @& {Domestic Governmental Action# Z: T2 @+ D% f0 X# i7 Q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" C2 }# v# P4 c$ x V; k
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
% [; n$ B! X2 t. ]$ q6 I
6 J+ ~$ X/ { ~( ~! i* P* RInternational Governmental Action5 E3 s) R- d. z, v1 Y3 F8 Q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; z9 k, `1 [9 Z+ p4 C7 X1 a9 A! K* Z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' v3 g$ I( v4 s; O 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 V8 p* X% Z7 P) P+ Z1 T
154. Severance of diplomatic relations! k* u4 W' w+ o0 X5 Z, c
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 U4 _7 ~' P4 Y9 E% W5 Y2 s& X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. t ]" I: X0 O- z 157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 K) P* h! p( ]! E5 \+ ~& W; y# Q5 Y/ s+ T5 `' h* C
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* d! ]' _8 r/ L& Z+ C8 v
9 r Z9 \$ M! [" C C8 b$ R1 [
9 F7 ]7 M( G1 i6 [5 GPsychological Intervention; Q7 c4 N5 R# A! c
158. Self-exposure to the elements% e+ _! B9 ~) b+ j% g3 u* l
159. The fast
# B6 E G, j: P/ l( A! d) X a) Fast of moral pressure
! [; U& \/ i2 d5 S: ` b) Hunger strike6 m, c7 }( g2 W" J$ @( c4 V
c) Satyagrahic fast
% j% ?4 S9 K; ^- S2 Q1 \8 H 160. Reverse trial5 z4 x7 m7 _" N, C- k
161. Nonviolent harassment, R- Y* ? v* W: {
; M% v7 d/ m$ S* R/ IPhysical Intervention5 c9 G: y5 }- B [; b
162. Sit-in
) \4 E3 j: M+ ~2 r# H$ A 163. Stand-in6 x: d2 O. s: s" J& \
164. Ride-in! N: N1 |, Y3 Q" `
165. Wade-in9 a1 k. R8 K+ w2 V( r
166. Mill-in
& _" R7 m. z7 U8 q 167. Pray-in
" z; ~ e5 Q3 F7 i. H# U0 K 168. Nonviolent raids
8 ?8 G) O$ r" m 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 a- S5 O+ ^3 m& a2 O3 P* Y# E 170. Nonviolent invasion$ Y# d6 D3 k" U+ z3 C8 @
171. Nonviolent interjection- F0 N2 L" \- F/ E/ m/ Y! k! `; C
172. Nonviolent obstruction9 J5 ^* h3 c4 p% i
173. Nonviolent occupation1 g8 o* T+ v, {' E
6 Y- G. t* o# |+ r2 j2 u" x# ?% WSocial Intervention7 O# j' v1 x1 g, @- {6 M
174. Establishing new social patterns
% s5 D- h; M. V; O 175. Overloading of facilities2 v' {3 x0 U3 p8 e
176. Stall-in5 c2 ~0 f& v2 I
177. Speak-in
1 @, t/ Y, |& h 178. Guerrilla theater
% I) K3 P v5 S 179. Alternative social institutions
e8 B) v1 S$ b( A 180. Alternative communication system
% a+ e, l3 G3 ~- J: s+ d" K; n h7 E/ s
Economic Intervention
$ J; h4 h5 M* L/ o9 M 181. Reverse strike
8 e4 a1 m* C5 k 182. Stay-in strike8 Q4 {- {; M, d7 D9 W7 i
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 Z& z/ C. s3 S- b' W, c 184. Defiance of blockades
% ?' ?4 K* }9 x. D9 w- [+ D8 | 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 ^4 t% @6 _2 e/ o T- Q: G
186. Preclusive purchasing! t0 l3 q- |1 R& _ c# T7 l: b! j: y# r
187. Seizure of assets
+ i$ U8 F# P5 F 188. Dumping4 O# e/ t4 d7 k# S
189. Selective patronage0 K0 C2 W5 j. L- H% l& Y' D
190. Alternative markets% O! h* y& h1 v+ F6 j' m
191. Alternative transportation systems
# G; N9 E; S0 ] 192. Alternative economic institutions
" a/ p V/ j# X8 M6 X
% N! P" x+ D0 q g. w) W3 PPolitical Intervention
1 q4 i8 t& n' t* ~, y 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- P2 g- i5 o U 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- v- Y7 N; P0 {4 ^- s% X
195. Seeking imprisonment
1 O2 w2 \9 K/ M$ W& T 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& X0 Y& Y8 D& G# D' Q4 j 197. Work-on without collaboration+ T# f# S$ J5 z9 k+ G5 R
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
