 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& n* s9 S6 F# k% Q0 E4 y; fFormal Statements9 t/ X2 z" R( u: b S+ v
1. Public Speeches/ J( M8 o4 D8 f
2. Letters of opposition or support! z6 m1 r. _: S, ?8 Y: q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* ?; n8 {# `& u0 j$ D 4. Signed public statements( t) J6 O) u( C. Q! e9 @' x
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# h% l6 V! n! y1 K 6. Group or mass petitions
1 N) q% f/ f7 O& ]9 V; P$ G) V. x' p% e1 T7 e
Communications with a Wider Audience, Y+ r* y+ q" u1 C3 I
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) b6 C% [0 R7 N1 \6 ^ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 \, C$ E9 ]% v M: |+ ~. o 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ _& g4 A- a' B6 f% `* h
10. Newspapers and journals$ F C* l5 S: n' ?: M# P
11. Records, radio, and television6 _8 f% c6 e6 r' n; N# {* h$ g
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: g g8 d* j& }/ C# r1 y7 N& H0 k1 g! @2 k4 L% x! u
Group Representations0 t4 h9 T* x8 D0 P
13. Deputations. z. r: t$ u g; O6 h
14. Mock awards2 E8 }6 g1 V- w! W' ~$ }9 l& D
15. Group lobbying8 s/ u7 t/ c8 \% L8 j
16. Picketing8 S0 V" q: f j2 \( [6 q
17. Mock elections2 o ]6 y8 u! S' c( k1 a! O" o
6 b+ _! {( ]- vSymbolic Public Acts& f; M" F4 R# ]( m* r
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ e6 U/ {6 d3 K
19. Wearing of symbols
& p6 X8 F6 i, ~5 F/ `- k4 c: Q w 20. Prayer and worship
; i/ @: ~1 w8 i3 E) E 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 K5 K& C) \- Q. i5 o 22. Protest disrobings
3 D4 ]0 Y' n% }3 \" Q+ K8 z 23. Destruction of own property
; e. O1 c; z P, g& V 24. Symbolic lights) K5 b# D9 z3 [$ p' @% x( _9 @
25. Displays of portraits
% ^2 R$ A& b* ?, _4 \& Q 26. Paint as protest
: z2 A! L3 |2 V! G5 N, m 27. New signs and names
- N8 H: w) `, Y# o 28. Symbolic sounds- G" s6 t0 o& ^$ R
29. Symbolic reclamations9 w7 g( K7 X; @0 a. `' n* w( b
30. Rude gestures
! K& G5 o5 i6 \! {9 [, N/ |' o7 Y6 V
7 k- \' s5 J6 Z4 I5 Y* S( ~Pressures on Individuals
! w' G1 U; |' s0 J: Z5 ^ 31. “Haunting” officials
9 k0 H5 \0 ?, Z7 W2 n0 f+ U 32. Taunting officials0 q/ f6 i) G) O' w3 K* v
33. Fraternization" V# p `& y, M
34. Vigils
7 }4 @9 X" t! c- |" T1 C6 Y$ Y5 r# h$ s+ h
Drama and Music
" D& N4 E( W$ F s 35. Humorous skits and pranks* F( p `) A. y2 U% B- h' [
36. Performances of plays and music
) m3 L' \$ { d( n# s0 c* t 37. Singing
6 H v& p! R4 m6 d& I
3 k: Q' R: g) Q9 U- }Processions
7 g* w) G% K6 e- a& I1 j. i 38. Marches n ]3 u7 e/ H, K& W- V( Q
39. Parades
|% H) e9 ^ S# t 40. Religious processions
* Q; L2 d' E6 i4 Y" P 41. Pilgrimages
5 m& s) [' r" i5 C: R, [" U. c" T, k 42. Motorcades
- C) l9 o" M# @0 o+ e: }# a& [3 C$ i
z2 J R& r5 ^ W$ EHonoring the Dead
, w# B8 P% B& A9 G2 p% \3 ^ 43. Political mourning
4 @5 b# o# T L6 y2 S 44. Mock funerals- s+ Y1 U8 c/ w9 S' K" d1 X0 s
45. Demonstrative funerals. i# a7 E+ W/ y, X5 j' x( u# q9 m4 q
46. Homage at burial places: w: c7 l% i& s7 `; U+ c1 l
2 Z+ p5 R, ]3 K+ _& N" l! o/ v
Public Assemblies
, V9 C& q( w# u# d2 m1 l/ P 47. Assemblies of protest or support: b# s0 ~$ `# Y5 i! E" b
48. Protest meetings: Y+ Q% d! s/ Y+ k8 Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: @- a4 c. A. M! v, a Q 50. Teach-ins+ q2 Z! ~/ ~. J# w( J+ z, m
! r# I) X: [: V$ v
Withdrawal and Renunciation: i+ ^0 c- I# u# o4 D& v
51. Walk-outs
1 V4 i5 Y& ^- T5 @, S7 B6 Y 52. Silence
; v1 ^6 E" d, v/ |" L) c' E8 Z 53. Renouncing honors6 w7 ], a- J7 N' }: n$ R0 X
54. Turning one’s back
- j, [" E4 [' g6 {4 X1 D+ H! M
+ ~/ [- U0 B9 Z; c+ [; c4 F ) W. J. j0 @' y4 K& }/ h
0 x! g: k X$ H/ E. R- D' m- m' [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
- m! R4 s; D' [9 \$ Y( M
4 ]: |; L1 X2 @
1 Q R% O7 j. G; P l6 U* j
3 _, K$ ~+ R) ]! X5 w9 U( K5 yOstracism of Persons0 e! Z. `# Z& F$ R" ~. c$ J2 B
55. Social boycott
, d# R/ K) n7 R& ?- { 56. Selective social boycott. G% F8 n x7 @) L t o) |% r U
57. Lysistratic nonaction. k8 O0 @( X& d$ c9 ?' U8 H
58. Excommunication
2 m3 q" T( R% i! z) a 59. Interdict B$ f3 T2 `" D" j2 X
: U$ g5 h" ~0 f7 S% ^7 D4 X- ~7 ]: u
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' z5 l" j8 O( E! O' B( o5 ?2 u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& e7 E2 ]7 }9 F/ c3 |! F 61. Boycott of social affairs' G( L# L4 P% b( U9 h/ e
62. Student strike; e8 i) T. L9 T: _ j, d& j& R
63. Social disobedience% x2 d. S1 B2 P
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* }; S! P) E6 O% t9 @. L
0 h, F; P# x5 n3 W/ `" n) L
Withdrawal from the Social System1 D6 n) n3 Q7 N; _) x& e% `. E
65. Stay-at-home
* k! p4 ~/ j# k7 G$ _3 E' _: ^% M 66. Total personal noncooperation
8 A" s2 J V- d1 T0 ^ 67. “Flight” of workers* Y5 _& @- f3 O, D6 y; |# a
68. Sanctuary/ g, G. V' M/ z# a# v2 V. p* h
69. Collective disappearance4 h" a4 U/ g. ?8 }. [! ?
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# o3 a+ t2 g% b2 w
7 G9 i9 n. h \, {
( r( o7 q2 g9 N9 y E
: Q. a9 }5 z. H2 r8 O/ J
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
: J1 t4 P* [* p) C% x6 y: }* x( A+ p+ z
2 b3 W/ e8 q x. ^! W# ~
Actions by Consumers; c V. M% {6 h0 ?+ M, N
71. Consumers’ boycott
/ x1 b5 b5 j6 U8 Y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; [0 Q! T, v- J7 U+ g+ k 73. Policy of austerity. \, i G* D4 ]. n
74. Rent withholding6 {4 R3 q ]# q( l2 v, v
75. Refusal to rent; O) u& R n7 d0 c1 L% c" {( @
76. National consumers’ boycott
/ L) q/ R. f% B& i* H' g. m4 g/ m 77. International consumers’ boycott
, @& z* v/ }. S8 k9 L: Z% k. a" Q( n- b3 A3 {
Action by Workers and Producers
- y) K$ J9 n; @5 g 78. Workmen’s boycott5 C0 V! I) H, U+ Z# w0 [ l( d! ?; y
79. Producers’ boycott! i. _' H, C6 s. r" A" g6 m
* Q. q# y+ f9 C: g$ B1 L) Y9 \
Action by Middlemen
. b( h9 k7 L5 B# ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ B7 f% d7 y) n& O5 ^0 q7 P1 y" A1 {7 a
Action by Owners and Management9 ~$ X% q( w! U
81. Traders’ boycott
4 |3 B) P1 ?: _( Z( o! k4 d 82. Refusal to let or sell property. b8 N" a7 N' Y8 l/ a
83. Lockout
* k; \! ]% _, m' t5 q3 @ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance8 s( `' W. o' ~, T
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. W3 t+ D3 Z5 O7 {$ u& ~- A7 m! J$ _; i7 c
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 x0 `9 k9 A& x/ m; p* X 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 m9 E$ u0 ?5 s* Z/ o g
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 o* U, P5 N4 `; {
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ a& i" `4 d0 w4 M; \9 p 89. Severance of funds and credit
% D5 J0 _1 ]; T, y. `1 n! l, X 90. Revenue refusal
# Y; h' \5 H4 W$ [ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 \9 z1 p" ^* Y! p2 Y! e# ]/ l+ Z- a
Action by Governments
F6 s% f( j/ m5 o( E9 `' u( Y 92. Domestic embargo5 g5 n( z5 P' d' T9 h2 ^
93. Blacklisting of traders
. O2 S* v( n! s! [( ? 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 a3 c* E& |+ j y, I8 u 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 e. T# K* b* E9 |2 U- g+ q' X 96. International trade embargo2 s- Q9 J+ @$ p1 x1 H' Z, H7 p
+ a- d0 X3 ]* P& q$ Q5 U% w7 ] + C& K0 V! T) B" o0 g( k- D
+ y m- @. k8 lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: p8 s/ ~, `6 P% s" z' W( A
% O, {' S$ V; ^% z
* {3 J# l n Z* Y8 @2 L
Symbolic Strikes
- f! M" a2 X1 e/ d% x; Z+ A 97. Protest strike+ W6 a# n1 b; O* @
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& J- D- ^" k! a: D2 p
" @5 Y4 `/ _# u, J+ O. cAgricultural Strikes
3 P0 U( o7 L) j1 U 99. Peasant strike
8 i4 c2 C2 M# X7 m 100. Farm Workers’ strike
; F( ?: k5 J7 Y2 l! ?% d8 w5 h2 b W
4 a; n# l, u+ D' m6 GStrikes by Special Groups
? X+ q& F1 p H F 101. Refusal of impressed labor
c3 I4 V- l( g- R 102. Prisoners’ strike/ n3 C( Z! P a' N8 X) X2 |& q
103. Craft strike
# _3 T1 p7 j& u$ ~2 G ~ 104. Professional strike% `$ b7 R( d) }6 F" C9 P8 ?" D( F
2 p5 V* x z- C6 F3 hOrdinary Industrial Strikes
. ]$ L. @; c" g4 ^9 R6 t. H 105. Establishment strike+ G8 B. T; J0 P9 F- {0 d3 x
106. Industry strike
: Y. y" f" @2 n! ^5 y 107. Sympathetic strike
4 Y; H: z" R# E1 [0 F
; t( W$ i. B! e s) J* R( XRestricted Strikes
9 E) Q) g6 }. n& ^0 ~ 108. Detailed strike
# u) G4 K. _% k, C, } 109. Bumper strike6 n d& V N* }/ k4 p& C3 _0 v2 s7 _* J
110. Slowdown strike' }; F' |7 p" S0 K1 F
111. Working-to-rule strike
7 z. [/ R" P F. F8 k6 E. I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) B% N, @. c( B* ^& D, d
113. Strike by resignation
/ ^* W x" r5 P# T0 U9 g; q% E 114. Limited strike
3 }' g/ l# j/ {' H 115. Selective strike' ^/ B# h! l/ ^. x" Z7 m
K3 r' N0 K- g" }9 X3 s3 s1 T
Multi-Industry Strikes: K& n' X4 Y& D( M- }* N( ^
: o1 f/ Q1 ^2 i5 c' A 116. Generalized strike
1 F# i, y, E; { h" M- B6 Z& Q0 z8 b1 {; x! y1 @% W: f; j& z2 v
117. General strike
) C2 y9 v5 s7 d: W
* u8 P, u3 ?, z! DCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 S( \& v) ?( g' g7 Z: }
4 l; |- M9 z$ c6 s) Z2 U% O 118. Hartal
# C8 m$ i# ^+ {" Q) ~8 D7 j0 [- G3 \! L7 g( r% ~/ u" V7 d- f3 s
119. Economic shutdown
* c7 q& k$ m" B. e! ~3 O% l$ P, {- s/ j/ @/ r
4 |4 H/ q9 h# V9 _' ~6 k( k' o- {" g+ \; n7 }/ Z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
3 p6 g3 ^2 Q L; X' k
2 ], a# n5 j+ `. _+ G( U: k6 f
( l# i2 \3 [6 M; c, Q. q* cRejection of Authority. C5 L6 K, z0 o' @: K' ?4 H
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ W2 \! B; D& y& _" [5 h
121. Refusal of public support
* g6 ]/ |9 i* Q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" b8 w2 ~, m% n$ X- }- i& P
' G2 H& e: @, J7 O/ Z: `
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ i: v; J1 P! q# N, [. j
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& `7 n M2 e0 c- {2 R
124. Boycott of elections! N7 E o; ]: p
125. Boycott of government employment and positions& X+ U5 p/ c; n4 s
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: R" m% G! J1 }
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 X- l2 d6 w" k* [% V* o8 x0 X
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations D' o0 G- Z0 z: u1 r, d
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 D& g" |3 G" e+ ^. V# C' P& g, ^
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. j3 o, ?& T' s0 _! i; G) r 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 Z6 f- F" J, x1 C4 V3 G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ A, n' T/ c& D6 b% J$ g {8 {
/ I8 F. ~* a: @; e% D% ]2 \Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 }( \% X; o( x 133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 c+ ~6 ~$ X1 U/ w ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 n4 \8 e8 p8 I0 j3 v* _0 L
135. Popular nonobedience
, k) x$ T: z Q* j3 x, t 136. Disguised disobedience, b! C% ^0 l; g' c K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! b( Q4 a# W0 r5 x
138. Sitdown
1 ?( |; s6 @0 P( ]) z, R; j 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* q& \5 q6 H, K) M# O
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ d L9 X T _! [ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: o' h" z* ~% e D: Y$ E; |9 Q/ m
. C |+ Q6 ]& M5 U
Action by Government Personnel- |' k8 E1 e! u. Y# ~2 O4 V
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 n6 g) N$ p3 t' Q* }2 G 143. Blocking of lines of command and information& n1 h( |8 o5 A7 g5 k+ W# a
144. Stalling and obstruction
( f7 u3 B5 p, b+ D 145. General administrative noncooperation1 Q) ^" i5 L; z) S# A! m
8 w4 ]4 B# J; L" s F; w3 \- W
146. Judicial noncooperation
# ~/ H3 k' O5 X2 ]( K& q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 l8 _$ ]( G" Y3 C 148. Mutiny- n* k( `2 g8 u) V; Z g* k0 U
Domestic Governmental Action
# G* @- G0 f9 w( W; F; v 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. R! E% ?1 V9 ^9 K5 f$ S) z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units, l }7 i% ]- i; J
$ h0 ~+ V( j$ |6 u4 b* V3 u
International Governmental Action. _" ]7 B7 Z- t9 @# b: h; l2 |! }
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
i# a* B0 {3 H 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 M3 N P1 t( X+ a4 k( j
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 l5 g0 u: M: ?9 B N/ S# G
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 K# A4 q: D1 q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, D) b3 d3 _& h
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" {9 k0 H* q/ B6 Y$ p* D2 N0 {, c 157. Expulsion from international organizations
& D& Y* p+ _* J8 I" w0 p; ` ] m) F3 J" k) b
: f7 V$ k9 P" ?+ a- G# y
0 Y n* ~. ~. KTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
$ u- k9 d7 I3 P* |5 c9 G& R, j6 \! j v# p
- {/ D: _4 d% [/ m* p f0 R6 ?Psychological Intervention5 k' ?# {) I& w4 R# p
158. Self-exposure to the elements
* e* R F3 M9 \* \) K* ~( Q 159. The fast& o) V7 k5 O% r- U9 l7 N
a) Fast of moral pressure: q# u2 F' H5 U$ Y0 R/ d. a3 b
b) Hunger strike
, r7 w, m ?( a& J7 n, | E c) Satyagrahic fast
6 V7 t8 U+ ^! h y3 q5 p8 l, L 160. Reverse trial* z8 y& c8 A& E3 o% w# Q3 Z
161. Nonviolent harassment
8 `9 n7 G; l8 W/ T
$ J) F9 z% ^1 k$ TPhysical Intervention. |4 ~% k. ]! Z; q) R9 R
162. Sit-in
+ L# r' H) ]: X% _7 f# \$ C1 b3 R' y 163. Stand-in0 b& V/ g& [4 x3 i: V$ y
164. Ride-in
# h& S' R! a1 L( n) u 165. Wade-in& }, O& y5 T2 [" E3 a# C. R+ E
166. Mill-in- G L; S; r. V: b" Z2 L! J
167. Pray-in) _/ y" H6 Z) `( \
168. Nonviolent raids- b, F" U" {9 `
169. Nonviolent air raids
; S% A) k7 _0 d- @* ?- Q# r+ t 170. Nonviolent invasion
, h# z/ Z5 I M 171. Nonviolent interjection. l# _4 ?0 I) ?
172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 `8 z. z {- E- Q- y: F 173. Nonviolent occupation4 S. h$ B! a4 i1 t
; A) p( S. [' p9 J( A( N
Social Intervention
9 \8 J# y0 ]9 U1 @; K4 U$ M- v 174. Establishing new social patterns" e( n3 ^0 C2 t0 _8 i
175. Overloading of facilities
+ u; W9 c" {4 N: E' u* O& [2 B 176. Stall-in0 X2 g; D) x* e" c
177. Speak-in
5 {! G l+ N4 E) G9 G4 ? 178. Guerrilla theater
3 k& j/ M5 b+ B- x 179. Alternative social institutions
5 k2 F: D" h, J" Y% Q' ` 180. Alternative communication system x! z! a% P$ A# w' G
0 A8 k2 k) M) t# T1 k% G2 m
Economic Intervention
* v3 r/ X1 A) n8 S 181. Reverse strike
@+ @/ D: d& M/ U 182. Stay-in strike
. e; _) d( [: R& E* v R p! v7 n 183. Nonviolent land seizure) J; O4 R, e9 ?/ t& K
184. Defiance of blockades @$ c; k8 Q9 @) }- |) \" _
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 n9 L) R L0 q& l% D# O( \ ^
186. Preclusive purchasing P6 T3 ]( j. q: p% B6 h0 ?0 Y
187. Seizure of assets' S& `! F( s, x% Y U* j
188. Dumping% Q* d5 Y. X/ j6 u6 S' r! L' [0 I
189. Selective patronage
- e D' s6 k- k/ K% H 190. Alternative markets" @/ I7 Y) h" d! d/ o9 D5 o0 d
191. Alternative transportation systems
$ R# f% |# L0 i8 @% r3 N7 P6 T 192. Alternative economic institutions
! B5 T* P; ~' X# c1 @3 K
' n k$ \" y4 [. i. G- }4 O3 lPolitical Intervention
5 j! Y i+ M5 |9 s 193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ e) @: F/ {3 w5 v" s% f B% J! r 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ a- g R/ k, R) Q/ f# |! [) Q
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 a( T' }# b6 k1 m( `+ Y* Z: q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( ?# H1 q# ?: o1 q( J2 ~: u 197. Work-on without collaboration
+ ~0 s2 k" N# c- b 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
2 x m' i/ o2 ?" h
- d( L+ L" a8 E& L3 H |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
