 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; ?2 l4 q7 R9 {' T' LFormal Statements
7 {8 T7 @$ v$ ^/ B1 y+ Y' r8 g 1. Public Speeches
3 F! `: A# t3 N* p6 Y 2. Letters of opposition or support+ R* w4 Z: N2 t ?" V8 K$ B2 u
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. c- m& J9 K7 n
4. Signed public statements+ ~6 c# i5 V O1 {# g
5. Declarations of indictment and intention( T! D: S7 g& X' _& \
6. Group or mass petitions' T+ c8 \1 u K+ Y! t5 ]( _
; N$ ^4 Y' W) M2 u2 f' `5 [
Communications with a Wider Audience
' E( k' y" f" T* H B5 p3 J, ` 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 X3 T+ I) z$ c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 B. s' p C* _8 r5 k* U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 w4 R, O+ e3 a3 v1 r' U3 x G- p$ L 10. Newspapers and journals+ F: ~3 U5 G5 _5 X
11. Records, radio, and television
0 I9 n6 r4 ?* J* y$ J2 m `1 b 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! h, ?' Y7 @1 }$ t8 G7 m2 O1 x0 g' h8 a5 P; @1 M8 S/ \
Group Representations6 E. H/ O F5 d3 H4 }
13. Deputations
- W w. Y* g; h5 F2 m 14. Mock awards
! c3 c1 d5 `$ W& K, d 15. Group lobbying) P1 `5 \$ c: x+ h
16. Picketing
$ A8 M6 I1 x8 c, @! C% h) E1 d3 U9 @ 17. Mock elections& _8 i2 T" S$ q! n% A. `% m
/ ^. G8 W! \; ?) C) {7 B
Symbolic Public Acts
1 J6 E p/ G" r A3 I1 x 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# U; g5 Z9 a& g" `4 O; |# j, P) N | 19. Wearing of symbols7 h4 P( Y# \0 K8 b. ]
20. Prayer and worship
. p2 w ?. k2 N6 s) O) n2 V8 f 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 Z6 S. F; C8 N) g3 Z 22. Protest disrobings, A8 V1 o. U# L, Q- d- e( t
23. Destruction of own property
' G3 A. ~: ]' c) U- k9 f 24. Symbolic lights
$ N9 N/ r1 b6 ~/ S+ e$ o 25. Displays of portraits& b" v/ K# a k7 W
26. Paint as protest$ {7 l1 g* Q. p: j; Q; |; }
27. New signs and names# p( b% b! F9 P4 E' k1 R& o. x" n9 l
28. Symbolic sounds8 \& M: C/ ?+ j& Q: I
29. Symbolic reclamations
2 \, w+ [0 x% j 30. Rude gestures
c8 G' R9 K4 c$ Z. t+ U5 c- \, I/ }# d( `
Pressures on Individuals
" O6 D) c- \, C 31. “Haunting” officials
% e9 |" S( g- D0 F, @ 32. Taunting officials2 Q0 b1 i" c/ \' V' C. j
33. Fraternization7 g: ]' c) N5 Q5 w M& X
34. Vigils
9 F$ ^' j+ B# ~( M: u8 [4 H
% k# h7 \3 L4 N7 o2 mDrama and Music% Y& w% }% K* n- \& s* r
35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 ~. ]' l& c3 o% v- }/ R 36. Performances of plays and music
. Y( n; a: `. V 37. Singing
( p9 N& R) ?2 S' ?! p6 @
: l& ]. e L4 O9 R& y! V; G( u% t* i3 BProcessions
, j# I/ _$ j' |/ w- k; x# o7 Q% o 38. Marches% R1 Q0 o% g2 g1 U+ [: ~2 E& K
39. Parades2 G0 R- M2 ~" ~5 ?& Z' k
40. Religious processions
0 W5 S9 \1 f& ~& g- u 41. Pilgrimages
j4 _8 Y$ v# F, X* [( k 42. Motorcades
1 y+ i5 F' l2 y$ y6 P& z; B/ ^4 v( |
Honoring the Dead
- b" L0 Y/ j# H% D m 43. Political mourning
/ w5 I# l6 u& l2 M7 h 44. Mock funerals
. H# h; k/ ?5 C+ R) p2 R 45. Demonstrative funerals$ O. s. j j' F2 O: Q
46. Homage at burial places
$ l0 I( _1 y$ P# D ]0 p) G# x4 e0 p, g3 @9 `
Public Assemblies" M6 C* [4 u2 l' R
47. Assemblies of protest or support
* k' I; V1 M9 M 48. Protest meetings+ [2 E4 O0 ^% Y3 r( G* }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ Y. @3 o* r4 M 50. Teach-ins
j% y# o. f( u' Y5 o7 O
6 l8 N l5 t5 t0 [. o. uWithdrawal and Renunciation+ q4 d) T4 h9 c' u( v
51. Walk-outs8 l4 Z* g- l8 E8 [! ?1 }
52. Silence
: G. u8 z1 Z% o# } 53. Renouncing honors5 m6 T9 }7 g, D+ k* e$ A
54. Turning one’s back
) w7 A! L0 o; Q9 a$ X- y( R
' E a# @" H" i5 z: L+ ^* U6 v
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1 Z, I- B: N3 Z# f) `1 }. |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' J$ V7 u( ]; h7 P' ? q# ?3 w/ k
7 y" g8 p8 g; z% s+ B* j q
; L2 w* U/ S4 d/ f5 J. [$ m$ X3 z
* m4 x- z a7 [, {$ ]/ Z2 H# cOstracism of Persons4 ]' |/ | h b
55. Social boycott
$ G& z4 V% t5 n 56. Selective social boycott
) s% `9 p6 R( i P# N 57. Lysistratic nonaction, ?4 J F$ m4 A4 ?. x% S y7 `
58. Excommunication
$ ?7 z) i/ e+ U; n; w- G7 k 59. Interdict
, m) x. c" ^9 S0 O- B8 G3 z4 V
* o* D- o9 n, g$ c2 v$ iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" u. q( G! T4 T9 C" X
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
6 |7 l+ e! L% u2 p 61. Boycott of social affairs# n4 U v- x9 Q$ ^
62. Student strike9 R( L" S- Y# w6 V k3 X! T2 s7 c
63. Social disobedience: ^; v, c; x' e6 o. i8 W
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; D7 p2 t. F0 G# |1 A9 T
9 _( J- ?9 Z& E7 _
Withdrawal from the Social System- t# m6 f0 H1 u4 \% |; w5 H" E' s
65. Stay-at-home
9 u4 e, D' m4 p' K 66. Total personal noncooperation5 v/ [/ h8 w& u! d
67. “Flight” of workers
" z3 b8 t1 }* `1 b 68. Sanctuary
/ h* c( | G$ \# }+ P 69. Collective disappearance* Z' Z9 f/ ~* x) w5 u
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) g: O: I- M, g# D
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ f( t! [1 ~- g) B* S
5 p: C1 V6 M+ T! J6 f; e " d% h. {4 F1 B$ o# X" R& ~
Actions by Consumers7 u) {, G L( Q( `7 R! L% i
71. Consumers’ boycott+ M t0 l, s; d7 n
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: B/ l9 n1 B2 d8 K4 b 73. Policy of austerity/ \) }) t3 ^* s) w% e* R+ ~+ R2 ^2 e
74. Rent withholding
+ ~$ ]8 Y( b1 Z) Z 75. Refusal to rent
& z; @4 N+ z$ f( a/ F 76. National consumers’ boycott
, s# N+ s* ], R R" r 77. International consumers’ boycott. x" _# l. g' r; D
9 Y; ^' r( y% i3 [Action by Workers and Producers
8 w. D0 K. c0 c% E5 m# u2 J 78. Workmen’s boycott3 E" t4 a0 b2 T2 I. e
79. Producers’ boycott
4 ]/ ^5 e8 ]% \( ~4 k- |3 n( A5 G& ~; }! v* U) Z4 }6 |- [
Action by Middlemen
3 L+ _5 K% q- q4 k1 f( y1 F- _ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: O5 \# O3 _% ]) N, }* z% J
9 b( v4 q, _0 ~' u, p, x
Action by Owners and Management
& U4 M. F( o4 j: w 81. Traders’ boycott$ Z( [1 Y$ ~, Q6 d4 k' f, q9 I
82. Refusal to let or sell property' g! C' z: g/ u; }' w u! S
83. Lockout
8 `* t! _; g0 V! u/ E# S& Q 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- q# i3 Q* z% t* e 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: y7 F* W. z3 V# H! {+ F( s+ u0 e9 j0 p( ]! Y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources# b; s6 K/ O; p# G! u3 V# U
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits d/ T* d+ K- U, R
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# l4 }% [& ^7 I+ g% f
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 F4 u3 S+ S" N* v( q 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ O. `+ @! ?! N0 Z# r; @/ [ 90. Revenue refusal% ]$ C H: v- @3 [8 U
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ p! p- L) e0 l8 N
* f+ B& r% G$ E1 F' h8 k6 u
Action by Governments
* m2 }- t8 \* Z) F$ e* g 92. Domestic embargo
/ M7 ~. d/ b6 W# K" M 93. Blacklisting of traders
4 _* T& [1 C. m0 W0 l4 [; [ 94. International sellers’ embargo5 x$ D. o* Q- D8 i1 x/ w3 s* l' L
95. International buyers’ embargo
" u9 h% o; k6 A, C+ ? Q3 U 96. International trade embargo
6 I7 q5 i$ o2 Z j, h: r0 X. H: m, u6 `* z# L0 t% S
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 [; J9 O' }+ l6 \
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Symbolic Strikes3 `9 T- _: Q+ j
97. Protest strike
" H9 ~, m' {0 b! M 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" _* R+ K8 L+ O; b, ]: W
' |* ]# y6 ]: v. a5 n& b
Agricultural Strikes
$ d1 o2 T) D L7 c8 K4 o 99. Peasant strike
) Y% ~1 A8 o) |1 ^ 100. Farm Workers’ strike3 B3 X( C7 `3 F: R6 q
9 x* v- {' y2 R eStrikes by Special Groups
8 w% m1 v, H+ @/ ]+ a, A/ x* |: f 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 P p+ ?2 g3 [( N: b/ @6 B 102. Prisoners’ strike
& e; E* T9 I+ ~ A$ x& V8 x 103. Craft strike7 {8 s# Y$ P( R3 Z0 C& F- N+ ?2 n
104. Professional strike* n( U* G4 Y+ Q2 P
- L4 X* L+ q, |$ q" @* o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes" x( f+ a$ a' D" s
105. Establishment strike
0 Z: b2 p9 N+ X4 k; W4 X. ~ 106. Industry strike1 j0 S' w7 L, d% V$ J, Z
107. Sympathetic strike
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5 g* Y6 S4 j, t& l1 d: W; g6 vRestricted Strikes
& x2 z3 y% o1 B& h8 X5 I$ c 108. Detailed strike# A2 X& }/ m+ q# ^# F
109. Bumper strike" J3 i, [ r' R
110. Slowdown strike+ O; g8 U. Q; d, Z
111. Working-to-rule strike; v; \: Z5 ?4 ^' F
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 P' z# r" n5 c; v7 ^ a, \ a( F
113. Strike by resignation! v6 d/ ?1 s7 b: n0 \
114. Limited strike0 T$ m" M; w8 j, j( V6 g) t
115. Selective strike
0 T7 v* n. R% x) \+ G
9 ^. s/ h# i6 VMulti-Industry Strikes& l% G$ Z" v k$ c5 L0 S9 N
, _- h8 }' O0 {7 K% `3 m7 j0 B" B& M 116. Generalized strike
3 B8 a2 n# P3 F2 B% u% K& g) h1 D$ u. l2 `: l
117. General strike+ t) G; {1 }2 k, |7 |
1 Z2 G) x [. n9 \8 kCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 }0 `( U0 M* H* n
k3 \! E( p- `
118. Hartal% q' K$ |( o0 b, U
7 D$ {# O6 K, S8 |" f. y
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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7 Q G5 J+ ~' U$ {, PRejection of Authority
! j. u' b8 M7 w8 [ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 S5 v1 M9 ^3 p3 D
121. Refusal of public support
5 _% a' Q) r3 a5 s7 s$ U, M 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 K/ p7 ^1 ~2 I! m$ S9 N
7 Z Y, R" |6 P9 r8 ?! G' K
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 z5 n% }$ y0 ^
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ P, {4 B* I5 ?+ O7 K1 D& C
124. Boycott of elections: y Z i! i# Z, E! k
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 N* T0 [0 ?+ [8 p- T 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" c# T( q/ W0 z0 y6 Q) C
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; Q9 ?- k2 i3 v/ l. X( q5 |- U' _3 J 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
K- p4 U/ D1 s5 c 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- l2 m0 U' y/ K, _2 Z9 m 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ w) X1 `. h+ I6 t' @ C
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" b6 }. [+ k4 ^$ G
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% }0 r. n+ I( F- z
7 X2 m7 [) C: t: W; r) [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 I4 ^* F `/ t7 W8 }
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; K% N+ u# g5 s4 S0 l* L) O: O
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( M8 r A3 {5 o
135. Popular nonobedience
, ]/ P g0 [ ]/ a* Q 136. Disguised disobedience" C6 H- U5 \. g+ A* L( F
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ E5 q* H H2 B0 v2 w+ @
138. Sitdown
6 H* w/ w1 W8 h1 g- A9 l P n 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' f& m; x {! M, L4 d, M! l
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( A5 \% ~: L9 F h/ h+ `& A 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 Q( y! ~) [. i/ a ~. D5 y! Q4 {" l2 A' {
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Action by Government Personnel
7 [- K8 j- q5 h+ ]# | Z: K7 O 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( {% P- }. X/ S3 _. g' i
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' }+ F' y( L" F1 L- N: G 144. Stalling and obstruction8 X* ~& e. p# Y! z5 Y
145. General administrative noncooperation
4 O6 }+ Y4 B8 N5 ^1 t- F( D+ E, b& x8 l9 _
146. Judicial noncooperation7 U4 B+ e5 t! g! s, v$ d) F
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' Q( W: O5 V4 y `& u: `9 L' `( D- { 148. Mutiny
* ^8 v- I6 T/ B0 i' aDomestic Governmental Action
5 \7 _% p: l J5 j# ?5 a 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% x4 j6 L% V6 x* i
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; M3 k) e5 d9 l) \) o" ]
6 J; S7 i5 I0 Y8 l. k3 F) y9 ^International Governmental Action0 C5 V8 A5 d/ V5 l" y% o$ i
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 L4 ]* l( M1 M' Q' O) M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& I! @+ C2 a) Q/ ~6 Z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 e# n+ q& _- y5 B. v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 ~6 v" _9 n' z/ ]' i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations& J8 w- y( W6 R4 r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) _8 X5 x6 w/ [0 T 157. Expulsion from international organizations) G/ f/ B4 y2 I: @
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" g1 N% \5 g, |2 }, XTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: x( h3 G6 D2 ^1 T5 _+ p" M
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Psychological Intervention
, X( p2 x; _7 _ 158. Self-exposure to the elements: c5 H; T5 l$ C1 @6 k. b
159. The fast
0 D, p% }. g4 n4 w2 {% G a) Fast of moral pressure, R. f o i* q% G- Q. s
b) Hunger strike, V* X% y% @; ]; v
c) Satyagrahic fast# I! J" i# z( r/ x8 X# `
160. Reverse trial& E$ I) b% n) `( Y0 K
161. Nonviolent harassment
% C: v% o- w- r" ~
! v6 d1 ^- a) z$ yPhysical Intervention
, S- A ~' O J3 g4 x2 ?2 f- X 162. Sit-in' n, R0 P2 d4 [
163. Stand-in$ y- M& ]6 D# b; X" f/ a( `
164. Ride-in
/ _' G2 a" U' d! Z8 A7 z" k 165. Wade-in! M# q! t# T7 F" D3 e! j- |1 p
166. Mill-in$ V. e! \1 M9 O: @5 o- P
167. Pray-in
: |5 b$ j. m4 C 168. Nonviolent raids5 s6 H$ w* n( Z" M. k9 ]
169. Nonviolent air raids
" y. I$ s' q, p& c/ ]% H 170. Nonviolent invasion4 a) |& Y" X7 s/ B5 }
171. Nonviolent interjection
! r' q; f) h0 A: R, S 172. Nonviolent obstruction- _/ {5 `: S3 A
173. Nonviolent occupation
1 s# T; r/ w- s4 _" A
/ Q+ z5 m7 |2 e4 D* e. CSocial Intervention
; N- ]0 V* Z0 v& M" Y. l' q 174. Establishing new social patterns7 M2 F- H! J ]3 b0 H
175. Overloading of facilities' L: U5 P. `6 f( }8 e) h' Y
176. Stall-in; e! G( N: U- y& r
177. Speak-in) h7 G1 r) A' N% I7 B% S! o5 W
178. Guerrilla theater$ t) R1 T. q# T7 o* S7 V
179. Alternative social institutions
4 x; T! m, f6 m 180. Alternative communication system, e; y- r6 E7 b1 j1 X1 }# q, g+ X
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Economic Intervention
; K y V. a/ h 181. Reverse strike. @7 E8 m3 B7 W8 G: [' U2 g( V
182. Stay-in strike
+ P; C0 g( d* x' V 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 M* _; r2 H, D9 @7 I9 t 184. Defiance of blockades
6 ]; N0 T0 h* z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 p) X3 ?! w Z 186. Preclusive purchasing+ s% g* E6 T+ |* d) D
187. Seizure of assets
4 b1 r0 n- N/ l0 Z; _! f# } 188. Dumping/ ~4 ^5 J- B& w( R& R
189. Selective patronage
/ t# e9 K6 `7 M: {( _ 190. Alternative markets- B" p3 E" j+ q# N
191. Alternative transportation systems3 a9 t8 M, k, [* J6 Q2 Z. \1 u
192. Alternative economic institutions
% m7 `" o+ D- S& C3 T* Z* }9 T$ |( r! ^0 k
Political Intervention
2 K% S5 U/ \; W. ?% R8 W/ z9 ]. \" ` 193. Overloading of administrative systems
Z* u x8 W- Y( {+ H 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! {! e) R0 F' B9 |. X2 M* t) ]/ L
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 G# B7 v3 X) { 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 M1 C( z6 k' y9 Q8 m6 L$ K' u6 k 197. Work-on without collaboration( ?9 m: E' z3 e. n- t" C
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
