 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* l" @# q( ^7 O/ N9 G6 u8 W2 c/ ?4 d
Formal Statements0 q8 V9 w2 t/ b# T+ l' E
1. Public Speeches
( i) z% A6 o- T 2. Letters of opposition or support
. ]# z7 R" ]) i& C' \1 G 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 R" L! D+ e. |. H5 [! j6 x 4. Signed public statements/ q; a5 I) d* p" M' m- A
5. Declarations of indictment and intention( s j+ R) X1 e0 v# N( [- g
6. Group or mass petitions( F# X0 v7 o! n2 ?, {( z
# f: V+ L S9 V. R: Y" gCommunications with a Wider Audience8 M# C1 ]9 b) f
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) V5 e$ b/ C/ [& Y3 u
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" P1 p3 l; P2 Y& i 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" |: h* \5 {3 [
10. Newspapers and journals" [5 a& f: e) ~; u
11. Records, radio, and television
% a; Y0 f- @. B, C) v; g, N( B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
) E6 l+ y% u4 U( Y: f3 B
# p6 M' @8 V( y8 bGroup Representations
8 M8 w1 h" p- X 13. Deputations! G6 B8 ~! ^; g3 D. Z" v- X( E. k
14. Mock awards
' Z0 h' P# r8 X- z/ o$ X0 ~: I 15. Group lobbying
K2 s- q0 ^( q+ l; o 16. Picketing7 Z# t4 f Y y4 r0 p, F
17. Mock elections
' ~7 s$ e' T. f
# r$ F2 d( m/ R, h" wSymbolic Public Acts r4 U9 f1 F5 @, \
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 w" h# b8 a6 F, d: k 19. Wearing of symbols7 z5 V1 W( L7 L6 {4 d. A, Y' c
20. Prayer and worship8 E* ~; U9 n" y K: ^3 Q( P
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 ]4 n# }0 A+ M1 Q
22. Protest disrobings& \2 O2 m m$ c4 q
23. Destruction of own property
+ ^9 q/ a( d+ j( C+ n0 X3 \" y$ @ 24. Symbolic lights
+ s1 g% }+ P8 a! i* t0 a 25. Displays of portraits4 a- e* v4 y% \" l {% @
26. Paint as protest
w( h6 Y9 O9 Z 27. New signs and names8 t" j2 \8 O# s8 Q
28. Symbolic sounds7 f0 m$ J4 ?: J5 v1 A, a7 d4 D
29. Symbolic reclamations. I# d+ \4 q5 S6 z9 E3 o9 x3 F
30. Rude gestures
* l0 d: y5 H, ^) q+ j, d$ L- c; c, l w w* W
Pressures on Individuals4 y( v% g' B6 k( e
31. “Haunting” officials
9 r$ `) `' \. h: a/ } 32. Taunting officials
9 ?+ w( b( b1 f$ G. q 33. Fraternization4 f$ u& z4 _- t# w% w% @+ V! R y
34. Vigils2 }2 j( u( V k4 m! V
$ V$ O, d1 k/ X5 c
Drama and Music
1 }9 }# F: s' B$ { 35. Humorous skits and pranks6 x2 T# q& _8 J4 a* O
36. Performances of plays and music
9 y- a) P! ?2 Z* [' L 37. Singing
0 \! {, z" N0 a: J& j8 O* m' l2 T
& _; V$ s8 u, ?8 vProcessions
2 c- ?% J; G9 x 38. Marches
4 [& ^# Q" d) F) d6 Z8 O 39. Parades
% V! ?' K' m6 P 40. Religious processions
5 }" w# @( y* J/ e. Y5 d 41. Pilgrimages
! Y1 U" I- o3 B8 |; G& X) p 42. Motorcades
, v m' i' [8 u5 P; ]/ \! p/ N( z3 l; x4 [, A* ~: E9 u
Honoring the Dead5 h, s) f: o9 Z) `4 H
43. Political mourning
& G: j# Q* L; u: u& u! U 44. Mock funerals
f% I3 b! I* m6 { 45. Demonstrative funerals
; T/ x1 E: H3 c8 l* z; o1 L 46. Homage at burial places
# J) H& H. d: O/ L2 \& o& C1 h: g- Y4 p
Public Assemblies
# [: f- q8 C3 S4 b. m0 H 47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 y, o9 y1 S" ~; U+ Y3 r0 d5 `% p 48. Protest meetings9 J' }! ~3 g: U) P& m! @5 s" G
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 e' l! h f) o! S0 S6 I 50. Teach-ins8 D m5 r0 |# U: E
. p" K4 \1 k) b, c
Withdrawal and Renunciation
6 x) B x- ]9 |8 h) q4 I 51. Walk-outs
: o! A5 \7 {# O- k: j6 F: V 52. Silence9 C5 g4 C, P7 e; e' n3 v
53. Renouncing honors
& K8 h% g) Q6 x" J1 b% Z/ i 54. Turning one’s back2 p0 c7 Q2 [0 p. L& t, C
. M9 }9 E( W4 R- {. y
$ Z9 ~+ G+ l$ H
. [5 ^/ H6 m( z, k% w9 w* G. @+ [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
E' q6 |) J c& j( l! V9 m2 G0 K: k* D- x& z
, c3 X1 u0 v* V
+ _) e+ a& P( C* v4 a* }: l
Ostracism of Persons0 ~* y% Q' } O3 U0 g
55. Social boycott6 ^) g) j8 C- S8 B9 q
56. Selective social boycott* z2 f( s( }6 H- h
57. Lysistratic nonaction! t" E2 T6 n4 i( p
58. Excommunication
% E, {: g) t, m- Q [' @ 59. Interdict$ S, m. i5 v* W4 v0 z
h" y3 w( f4 ~" [/ N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( A$ ]9 X: m$ f 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ S0 c* H) c2 s7 J8 m( Z) Q3 o' w 61. Boycott of social affairs, Z% [3 S5 b4 N3 @) A5 L/ b# N# G2 A
62. Student strike
% H' |) d& j: a% u 63. Social disobedience9 d" X* ?+ E& o
64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 _( q( |( p1 @! B8 y* U+ z6 S
, J5 l2 O8 P! H& mWithdrawal from the Social System
- x5 X, A* M7 I, f+ Z& x 65. Stay-at-home( d7 \/ g. A! U- Y! A" A' z
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 I( }0 t1 k1 m; r0 m* b 67. “Flight” of workers
. y9 x+ u. B+ S( s9 d 68. Sanctuary
1 t, ~# t' ?' w! j 69. Collective disappearance
Y7 k0 v5 N, A 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 U; t' B5 Z. \! m8 A, `
( l" R: t- R5 Y% K( _
/ o2 A3 F* ~& q/ P0 [% E* M+ C, |$ ]! I- J& s- \
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
! X& v7 \, ^6 B! d7 z. g9 y. Y, S4 p' L
2 \4 c2 N: O% u- K& {- x& F
Actions by Consumers6 R6 Q3 S. Q" g2 f; p4 w
71. Consumers’ boycott6 p8 E% V4 n# w8 [+ F0 V) K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 c! \. F X8 D# F2 O: V 73. Policy of austerity. Q+ P# x& q- M
74. Rent withholding9 A4 u2 L u# e
75. Refusal to rent
9 j9 w- z$ v [6 V M% l+ h 76. National consumers’ boycott6 E* K/ p5 H) q, d
77. International consumers’ boycott! \% U5 m" x4 q+ r
2 ]5 t1 ?# o* w% O! j
Action by Workers and Producers
7 T+ @( n" W5 `1 n 78. Workmen’s boycott
4 p+ U. ]5 R# w; S# r- M. { 79. Producers’ boycott
0 e* L% r, s, ]6 }' [1 N* A( T
! J9 Q" P# Q" y+ ^7 NAction by Middlemen8 ]) z5 g# N* M; ^, [5 C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 A( ]2 Z! K6 N# W* B- y6 c5 P% w
/ D/ e; T( J8 z' l6 k: t9 C- m
Action by Owners and Management
# u: u! ~3 v4 p5 c1 E3 G' B 81. Traders’ boycott
8 `) {$ t! H( N$ L( H 82. Refusal to let or sell property; I; v' y2 b4 L7 M3 `: ?
83. Lockout
P; [7 {& E `- }2 A 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ D5 A1 L3 k/ y2 v" G, g5 \ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”" K4 z+ O% L8 A5 J+ U
7 p8 c! c9 l; T7 J
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 W5 o. F+ B2 G$ ~5 h) o% v x/ m 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, x. a% t, B/ M I* g
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 u: U. W5 ~; [; m" y s 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( Y1 e6 |/ d6 I3 O5 c# j
89. Severance of funds and credit1 V4 c( `" _9 Q U$ M1 k
90. Revenue refusal7 u# K, ~5 ^1 R
91. Refusal of a government’s money. c' i0 @+ L9 @- \6 h( F& z
0 \4 l) Z9 k; x4 W W; }
Action by Governments
3 ^1 f, q3 O9 D! @ 92. Domestic embargo; M5 H$ W- v z
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 T& E! Q& w. v7 S+ ^: m; m$ F# V% N/ t) L 94. International sellers’ embargo2 ?! n- h" @4 I6 J% g
95. International buyers’ embargo
, }) G& Q. X1 K% ` 96. International trade embargo
0 c' }- [6 y1 z! f* N" g2 a% X$ w9 K5 g$ ~# L. @
4 _) R T2 O4 r3 B
i- J( V; L; T+ S. j) {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 W3 j+ j* j* B! t9 q, A
* L' e- j5 { B. @$ g8 t8 A8 d
& ^0 K7 r7 t; x- ~% ] ]6 k! }+ _7 v
Symbolic Strikes/ h* q; u% a* {, }/ x6 w2 d6 c
97. Protest strike- s4 k: a0 K/ S4 z1 [% W! u
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% v8 X+ | U* |
3 |" |5 |; d8 |( \; bAgricultural Strikes
* b L5 ]% x. ?0 p6 G 99. Peasant strike
+ H1 c9 `. t2 F$ P& [& P 100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 W0 N' o% |7 @+ _2 T4 t
" g& _+ K# L5 GStrikes by Special Groups- P, ~( p' [3 e1 I/ y
101. Refusal of impressed labor( g* C, `. N+ C
102. Prisoners’ strike
# p m0 [5 X, R: V; r; [; \ 103. Craft strike. t" o9 B% ~" w+ }9 e
104. Professional strike: f0 Q* Q. | \0 u
- n# |5 P% _( \: }$ @, VOrdinary Industrial Strikes
3 {4 f$ Q3 X& Q 105. Establishment strike
, j* \7 G! H* x 106. Industry strike
! z8 F1 ^6 e- f 107. Sympathetic strike
3 W/ M% P) t# p! h# U! o( E7 O8 P/ `5 c1 S5 p* }6 q
Restricted Strikes
8 S( T% U- }0 g! I 108. Detailed strike
8 P$ I0 n0 N8 L: G; N 109. Bumper strike
5 s9 `2 d( r% m& Z! p9 e 110. Slowdown strike' }* c, p( @# \) k
111. Working-to-rule strike
( ^% X0 b$ O x+ n/ r0 z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ ? k3 c# r8 U 113. Strike by resignation; d3 @: |5 P$ j
114. Limited strike1 `' @: h( b! [" X g, K9 h
115. Selective strike
# A9 n$ Y1 ~: A: {! H& }5 q g8 r% a" x% T; ^6 J7 K! c' f/ w
Multi-Industry Strikes1 u1 h) `! o- F) d" e* Q/ W+ H$ J
+ n( A9 w, @: K/ Y+ q; V- V8 C( ? 116. Generalized strike# ]: V1 F6 b9 |* Z8 z
, X i+ P% z4 E1 } 117. General strike
* Y- m; Y% ^0 o) S. P9 @$ Q3 J' t. a% W6 B' Q/ T
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 \& j& s3 q; @: H" o5 t/ c1 z A4 Y$ N
118. Hartal# F4 D! x' Z9 T1 f* K
7 }, |" c' p( R 119. Economic shutdown
( \8 d# ?2 q4 u0 q. U7 E) u+ o4 ]/ N; a. }: A
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' }( ]8 Y0 T! r2 f! F- ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 u; `) F/ e" ~
! I. @, _6 X @2 Z, Z6 p% CRejection of Authority/ }7 T6 ^% y- a$ E5 g' ?4 p+ g: T
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( A/ C1 V7 w0 k, s3 ]6 L: ~. @ 121. Refusal of public support
' Y+ a M( Y: c0 b7 { 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; P# [/ r7 _8 B9 d+ f1 Q+ t
) z" B# A y3 o) ]# [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 P0 j( L6 f0 k% L" U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
- R. [ z- k P4 O w3 h# X: k0 e9 M 124. Boycott of elections
/ a' Q$ I- s, k! U3 x4 n 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* d9 i; X e3 a 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" X! }% \5 a# k% S4 k. ]: L) ?4 n
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 _* V2 V/ _; q! a: i9 f
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ J7 a: S1 W" p+ R! P
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 f2 \! e. e9 K9 V
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 _! j, @* x: [- F# ?
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# J! W, @) n. M# E# u6 x 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ m3 A/ n: ^7 Z! r! g- `: N
k, E+ i6 a" d! X& j; J6 ^2 BCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 X( Y7 k5 C" M, Q& K s
133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 X. a, r$ E0 O2 B9 g
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 x' c! s y' l6 R& i7 g; r N
135. Popular nonobedience
1 h. ~& R( I5 x$ i3 K 136. Disguised disobedience
% G( O( [/ {8 x3 L$ F0 |1 p 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% {) V& u" f# Y2 ^4 ]: x 138. Sitdown
0 f0 m: p# X" {0 K8 c. I( `: M 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# A m. t5 N+ R, q7 w W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 \/ d, a# I" [4 i. h 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: C! \' H8 i9 T; R6 n" s5 U- W. U9 J
7 Z' _" e$ f4 B/ C
Action by Government Personnel
: y. t$ L0 H# d% m, e5 N; I 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, p# a, Q1 x1 W- Y9 L
143. Blocking of lines of command and information. r! b3 ?- i4 A/ V0 s! B
144. Stalling and obstruction. S3 ?- D+ {6 h$ }$ i1 ]+ h4 f
145. General administrative noncooperation! U A8 K% g, `% K2 [: t
$ {7 {, T4 `- b3 K1 U 146. Judicial noncooperation
5 N6 @, g3 C' P/ N4 q- ^2 n* m. A 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ [5 \+ k8 {+ b9 s
148. Mutiny
3 X' V* v+ G; ~" J8 oDomestic Governmental Action8 K' C- ~! r# y3 C
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' v% J4 T( a% R: K) v8 o/ Z0 [ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 N! Z" Q1 S: N1 y
( s' [' V7 L. g4 AInternational Governmental Action
, _7 q' Y4 A; j% ~+ K; Y, \: N 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ t0 R1 V& t ]
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 \+ ]# C- q& g9 m* Z2 q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- ~. u( D7 r6 p
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- Q$ m6 Y: _4 J4 Y% V, h: C! c
155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 C6 v3 ?( g3 ^/ M7 q+ X. A8 d1 P% v
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' b& G5 H) C) T6 U! F 157. Expulsion from international organizations- B* b$ T5 z! K9 o6 u
2 D, |; X& P5 k! c# P- C
3 W6 |0 J' T' D0 @, T" [% r# s
; ^7 @: n% r5 Y+ r$ G
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* W2 J. C' w. M
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) u- }) |) e' i% I% uPsychological Intervention4 I$ U: S. u# ?1 e2 t2 U* h
158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ Q: ]# f. V) m" P 159. The fast# m, n! Q4 f+ M+ B+ }
a) Fast of moral pressure! k6 e; Z* m# X) x4 q
b) Hunger strike
, ^# f z' j- |: T* ?- a c) Satyagrahic fast
5 c. y3 ]) s, h$ g 160. Reverse trial
' y" X+ G% p" k$ o; a 161. Nonviolent harassment
' \) | e4 c c* T
3 ?% \: O) n. n) Q9 T, ]# |Physical Intervention+ a8 w6 ~) f% i' `( w' d" d
162. Sit-in! V; p) v0 Z8 P) V0 _3 g
163. Stand-in; N9 k% H: O: E
164. Ride-in, R$ C1 W. m9 m" z0 v( E
165. Wade-in
# }+ O9 f& U5 ?* _4 E' E9 ^ 166. Mill-in
0 a8 i* l2 H/ I 167. Pray-in
0 ^2 I# w3 h2 M6 _ 168. Nonviolent raids# Q1 l: h; a( y' a& T8 Y* t
169. Nonviolent air raids
1 U! h8 S% O9 S% \ 170. Nonviolent invasion' i3 h, z7 e4 l& R: l3 ~
171. Nonviolent interjection# a& [! e ^3 ]# K. C
172. Nonviolent obstruction# m$ U1 Y! n V
173. Nonviolent occupation7 V: B: C8 @2 j: T& a
( \8 B3 T& P- Q1 l
Social Intervention
' M* [7 o, r1 H6 M2 P7 n3 @ 174. Establishing new social patterns
H. B" `. W4 o6 v& t$ R 175. Overloading of facilities: }, f& j) @1 ?3 N# z+ N
176. Stall-in0 P9 z5 P B! B7 ^3 A8 [: m: x
177. Speak-in
) i% d% e2 v$ d8 K& Y 178. Guerrilla theater& Z, S9 W6 c, @ x1 d& y/ I
179. Alternative social institutions
9 W* O/ B6 f; ?2 }3 F 180. Alternative communication system
% H0 g+ V% d" H P; f& g" O5 L+ }3 ?
8 H: j0 Q# p5 B. @Economic Intervention
7 a( N( H3 V1 I f! W 181. Reverse strike/ O! u% @4 N9 e' J+ V% G
182. Stay-in strike
! Q% Y O2 R3 A: l1 m+ u8 \) u6 a8 @9 x2 ]. n 183. Nonviolent land seizure9 t# s6 w4 d2 t4 Y7 v8 l- O' a$ H
184. Defiance of blockades/ m. j: j$ d% D1 k6 \& j
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 W. V- i3 j& p' y% C5 m 186. Preclusive purchasing( e" \0 \" c3 B
187. Seizure of assets3 P' }6 c! a, L' D
188. Dumping9 H- O, }, y0 I y+ F7 r
189. Selective patronage0 [/ U2 n( {/ A; I5 o7 }
190. Alternative markets
. V! I* J" H8 Z: Q, S" g- c/ k2 O 191. Alternative transportation systems U0 I- q) @* [& K
192. Alternative economic institutions; [+ N* o' b. k/ R& E9 {
4 Z( B, E9 e9 E. F
Political Intervention
+ \1 T7 o8 X- E+ s7 ^3 S, s# g 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 N+ F- A/ T+ Y" m# E" Q A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% P6 S" {: |! D4 f$ i0 k. b, U
195. Seeking imprisonment+ w- S' B3 n3 N4 }
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 F2 q: W" ^, O& |8 H, R/ j) ~4 w# w 197. Work-on without collaboration
/ b0 k0 W' A5 a 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
