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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 _' E) {8 D5 a; I& U" X
Formal Statements
; B/ l6 l" Q2 V8 h- Y6 _ 1. Public Speeches
2 |; l# f' \, f- s2 Q- h, @$ ] 2. Letters of opposition or support
8 u) Z0 z' {4 C$ c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 V) p/ D, G7 k& _0 j( { 4. Signed public statements
% \# E' f! X8 q! Y5 t 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 [( A# T6 H8 R/ { 6. Group or mass petitions
( P/ X! _' b* u" \7 n3 Y$ w7 N, O# T/ R& n. _7 T: a2 f1 G
Communications with a Wider Audience% t6 U' E1 P& o; v+ z# b3 D
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 A- c: Z/ R) p% n+ Y: y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: U- r% T8 _0 Q5 \
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ p; o7 H) l* A" c
10. Newspapers and journals
5 y, c" b( Z1 _; Y( d 11. Records, radio, and television* k" k# m) N! A- H+ u& B7 d
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' {, @* K3 ~( G m) I6 o( n' S0 T! K$ ~/ x& e
Group Representations9 [, a' i" k I3 ?
13. Deputations
; X2 r% q2 J& U, ^) F* ^ 14. Mock awards
4 J" @" ^# Y5 J8 H" r 15. Group lobbying
. [8 W$ H: j" T& J& J0 H* a 16. Picketing. ^* k# E6 f* F1 j3 F9 b
17. Mock elections
7 H' X- a. q& z/ N$ D: B& [/ a4 D
Symbolic Public Acts+ l3 r+ X0 n$ E: A. K+ p
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ W+ @' k' B- P! w x( V E, k
19. Wearing of symbols/ j: z2 ?) g1 Q! Z5 s* M# X4 ~6 P
20. Prayer and worship% l$ J/ h% a! w+ ]* e1 G$ K: `* a$ U
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ g2 E6 t& G: G
22. Protest disrobings# J$ d4 }$ x0 d. ]. |9 _4 w
23. Destruction of own property
1 M/ O2 o. k" U' R- s; D. p 24. Symbolic lights
6 E' Z/ c& w. N0 d8 b7 l- M 25. Displays of portraits9 Z& x7 S4 b7 P% L7 J9 g% \* V
26. Paint as protest
( C1 H2 ~0 m7 _/ b# F: y 27. New signs and names$ h5 I. ^; ~; e; k! q$ t
28. Symbolic sounds
; c4 p n: v0 T ^ ]) r1 k# ] 29. Symbolic reclamations" Q F* H; l( E& S3 j
30. Rude gestures
( `* }& O& j" C$ B# T$ C
3 ]5 z2 X# c1 P2 VPressures on Individuals( k7 j' g/ }7 e3 C1 Q1 O
31. “Haunting” officials
+ j6 K6 w& [% s. ?% k; t 32. Taunting officials# a2 e! V F* [
33. Fraternization( D4 E" r$ r! H% R5 p% T0 s, e! i: \
34. Vigils/ W$ X$ @; i' @" K
8 X" z3 T: Y$ s9 E) E5 @$ ^ w% tDrama and Music: N8 {) r' A" |
35. Humorous skits and pranks
' {: ^8 b( S4 i. O3 I. D 36. Performances of plays and music
; K* n7 Z! @' e+ d, s' t 37. Singing8 Q- J4 b( J; b% H, q# ~" i
d, M% h( { q9 |( tProcessions, V: ~& `- o! f
38. Marches. d- u; I O. ^
39. Parades
, g" s9 k. U$ s) @/ ]$ K: a: r 40. Religious processions1 B& P' m/ W7 _8 k2 o0 Z
41. Pilgrimages
8 s8 q: `6 }+ B( c 42. Motorcades
5 U3 I6 U3 W' O/ p8 x: A" h/ k4 y- T* ^7 ]) f A, U u
Honoring the Dead' J8 `9 |' K% J- y, q6 x
43. Political mourning
' z& m. Q( ]6 m: Z z/ V) P2 o 44. Mock funerals" E& J6 U/ Y4 {, h7 H' w9 u$ ]
45. Demonstrative funerals
0 r5 r$ G L0 _8 D 46. Homage at burial places9 U K* E# Y6 m; D, R
3 ^% V5 z! _0 o% ~Public Assemblies7 |6 M8 E! X6 T6 D
47. Assemblies of protest or support
( D: z3 A' @8 P% f 48. Protest meetings
. @0 O7 y: y/ L# _. L* m 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 U! d& v Z' m4 b& R! G4 k/ z" T
50. Teach-ins
1 e, O# ^3 I2 G
4 k; J4 @% p7 A3 r6 eWithdrawal and Renunciation
# f N/ t& L" t1 W% f% I. M: w/ E 51. Walk-outs$ w$ j3 t0 ]! c! o1 I0 n: C7 k% @
52. Silence7 x; J9 J- ?* B/ b
53. Renouncing honors/ y, F- [ t* l2 w" B) _
54. Turning one’s back1 G S( S2 {4 n3 S, T3 f2 h2 B* M
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3 [" o# a7 J4 X8 O: KTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! m8 Q; ^8 I7 o' q C
5 e$ J; z, Q$ U7 q* j
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w9 n# e5 R% K# s4 l2 eOstracism of Persons
3 I# }& K) w% ]" S. p# S3 } 55. Social boycott1 p* D7 l p3 p6 L
56. Selective social boycott$ g- t3 C$ K0 }5 k. a7 N! K \
57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 ?* ?5 M [8 F' T8 a9 `# V# g 58. Excommunication
+ v3 e7 _, C5 i5 l4 t# C2 X' v 59. Interdict$ _3 N9 W# f. V5 } j j
6 a2 U& X# J$ f" L2 O/ Q8 ANoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" }1 K3 J, C% Y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& w, a8 m' E8 i# `$ d% b" C
61. Boycott of social affairs
( M# \% |% @" q( V 62. Student strike
( K: ]' B; u' n* j1 ^ 63. Social disobedience5 n4 B# ^; L& `, C- |; ?3 i- D
64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 J# ^6 i: x4 a. e# a
0 B. a$ z E8 g6 W! U$ x
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 \" c% |0 R2 w6 q6 T4 r3 y 65. Stay-at-home
1 Z7 Z2 @) B2 ^: |) C( \ 66. Total personal noncooperation
9 s9 d1 P, \( T 67. “Flight” of workers
. \( j" J2 A4 H, T/ K2 Q 68. Sanctuary
/ ]- [3 E4 y+ n) H& L, V 69. Collective disappearance. E# |0 s* r2 I8 h
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
! J" n. h7 C& h$ ^7 E& K+ M/ T8 |: f* o/ N1 s; p# N/ E; V$ J
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4 r: r4 v/ @. T" \9 `7 D$ ] i, FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
- E8 b2 d# y- T1 ?; v1 { 71. Consumers’ boycott/ C$ q t5 c7 u
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) e/ P+ E; b. _4 @9 N 73. Policy of austerity
4 \, V* t5 H2 \ q- f7 X 74. Rent withholding% f! Q0 O8 _! W4 `$ H& M" c
75. Refusal to rent
! k& o1 h- \9 o8 \, Y. j 76. National consumers’ boycott
2 x/ s+ `$ G! x/ s8 k7 K# f; i 77. International consumers’ boycott
0 O/ W4 d8 j1 D2 ~0 v4 l1 r6 g$ J d; A
! a6 L8 e" d% v2 ]9 W) ?9 H" \Action by Workers and Producers
7 X- k2 f: a1 F! A1 W! l 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ _7 Z1 t! u% j3 u 79. Producers’ boycott# l0 }* R M0 [1 ^3 g/ N, `
4 v7 X4 D8 |3 a+ M/ D
Action by Middlemen
8 k: }9 l6 \8 e7 r# z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ y4 o& B3 s" p
8 Y* v. x6 ]9 c! pAction by Owners and Management i2 g: |1 F( w X
81. Traders’ boycott j! {6 h/ c+ j
82. Refusal to let or sell property
% \2 o$ G+ y1 u: c+ @ 83. Lockout9 v7 a9 i; T; `& P. v' }- P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' l% R' p# w' Y/ l
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: k+ ~, [0 F9 {: _0 L' a/ ?
7 \. C! s) _' bAction by Holders of Financial Resources
, y: ]2 D2 _- V! L* J 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 \9 w: K4 G* P6 g' N* k7 T* s
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% ^8 b1 m! N8 O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! g7 B. q5 f/ B% E 89. Severance of funds and credit
% }4 l ~; V, p( Z1 P 90. Revenue refusal
. R8 \! t2 Y1 l/ ]* E# i 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ z; A" S9 n' }2 \4 k
2 Y! U( H* j% |' h9 iAction by Governments. p1 m4 k% w& L% ^- D
92. Domestic embargo5 A: @+ {. p+ n( m) _
93. Blacklisting of traders" \6 w2 R9 u0 ]- R$ X! U7 J
94. International sellers’ embargo- q- {! V6 N7 p
95. International buyers’ embargo
+ U3 J" V# c4 i( N, V1 D' } 96. International trade embargo0 F, S& x0 m3 X A9 H' ?' s
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/ }* a* X7 @$ ?$ W' `! QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ y) E2 W w' Q8 u: j; O/ V. }: G
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7 r* x- v' z7 x
Symbolic Strikes+ V$ w/ f1 k M0 u
97. Protest strike
- _0 }. G& F+ y( S7 Z/ @ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; H: E2 G9 e- N# ^* x+ o9 q) O) V% Y! _% U3 @& E
Agricultural Strikes5 M) \. p- @# B: j& {- y
99. Peasant strike
* c: T2 F& d2 C1 {/ H' b 100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 b( A+ d7 r+ l' D, {) Y7 q& r( h/ Z$ l3 ~& N, K
Strikes by Special Groups% J5 M6 x6 z, ?$ [" l5 d
101. Refusal of impressed labor$ w4 v4 T' Y% l- N
102. Prisoners’ strike& U' g$ b4 C9 ~! j9 y
103. Craft strike0 J9 x1 V) _- E! m! Z1 _ I+ [$ ^8 k& B
104. Professional strike
8 V3 X/ z5 r2 n" \ e4 P4 k3 R6 f, q# e
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 y7 B0 A8 t" V' z6 P8 U 105. Establishment strike" _8 X/ c9 [6 | |8 O+ o
106. Industry strike: M" t* G% g1 @" d/ y
107. Sympathetic strike$ x6 N& I( }: W: ]7 g. n8 U
+ ]- o! D& t6 Q
Restricted Strikes, ~( A' A0 \5 L; z
108. Detailed strike7 U. ]# z5 J# f
109. Bumper strike
( I: W+ k3 o" P" x: v0 U0 g 110. Slowdown strike6 o0 }2 E% a: c3 _/ \: Y+ O( ?
111. Working-to-rule strike( B2 A2 U. g" A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' V% }; `- ~; B+ x3 _- m 113. Strike by resignation
. B7 N& m0 y4 ^ ?. s- S) |% A 114. Limited strike6 j6 G a5 D: |. M8 w. K6 b
115. Selective strike: T% b6 Z4 X( P. A$ |6 g2 W
4 \) n8 r) m8 ?, d: M( z" ]
Multi-Industry Strikes: f, @$ y( n7 X7 b" N
" N$ p/ |) Y: `$ k( X( d
116. Generalized strike
* \! t! y4 D; r1 T ?+ v# ~
. ?, C& n, D/ v4 c+ n( s 117. General strike. P, Q& y, s. W
- L, K% `, [+ ~# `5 m; o& g1 U, p. jCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures' @& B! e) s: v3 J% d9 Y# f8 q
; r8 \7 j; {# Q" h- |( l. k
118. Hartal1 Y/ E5 E$ y$ \5 x' s5 j/ q" l4 {
& b) |& {- ^4 s2 P$ d1 I 119. Economic shutdown
2 ^ K# E0 [8 k; L1 R
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5 E; s4 i& b" sTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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; Y* P. ~+ `' p! U& `Rejection of Authority5 M5 y, ]8 `) x; Z3 T9 \
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; _* J/ j0 o# h 121. Refusal of public support# s0 x0 B% U" {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( y% \( b6 x0 M9 B3 }+ d" W* }6 p7 x8 n; o7 j1 |
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ x: g, @7 J* L) `9 B. {9 F) b( A
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ k- B' l, B; E' P: X 124. Boycott of elections" s& R& m7 c$ l
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 X4 I, `$ C4 c3 }+ x 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 P% M% H* g. {+ {. i( v+ l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ E0 m4 U3 j# f) `) n' m4 e3 @ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, B3 j! @8 d9 }$ z4 L1 n: V
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 j+ Y* ?( N* ?$ q G" W
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
A. {* W0 M) ?- o* q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 d+ F- W) Q' U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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P8 N; N. a6 u- A3 iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* a' x! J" i. O+ A5 g4 _
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' C6 ?" r$ r0 b( R 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' ^$ j3 P4 t# I- J1 x; @1 K: F 135. Popular nonobedience
1 C' G" M+ D- [& B! h 136. Disguised disobedience5 y. I" x' `. q0 ^: G% R
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 ^* l* |7 K7 G% ^. P 138. Sitdown, O4 q$ p% G5 }6 v1 M
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! b/ J" s, [) e6 L/ i" g9 T4 ?) k 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 I- z' w* T3 M% q( Q. {* x3 f2 ^ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
t, S3 |9 o9 p3 z- w2 ?
3 S9 s7 C6 }$ C1 U% NAction by Government Personnel* w" ]4 y; _& ]( A
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( L2 b$ {( @$ M& m: h) s 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. R# ~/ u4 H$ ^7 ^9 p. r 144. Stalling and obstruction
5 R% y2 B7 w" s2 k 145. General administrative noncooperation
. ` Q5 k- f& ]
5 U4 t& r4 p; s5 P 146. Judicial noncooperation: P& q6 W% F( J* A& _' z
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# M2 Z' a! ], q! j' a) S1 \6 Y 148. Mutiny( ]+ k/ j; R, S- |8 c8 _
Domestic Governmental Action
3 C8 `! O$ y: }8 x$ G7 M 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) ], m6 _; o' C! c; K
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 _ p7 l4 a. j( k v9 ]3 `
. M: {5 X, p9 u( AInternational Governmental Action
, c0 d5 y" l* A2 i$ _$ O 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: N& m& Q/ I! h- p, g5 U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* q/ Q0 F5 R' G; u
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* Y, S" K% q4 Y 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& n! Y; k% b5 R I% R" f 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 ]' {1 z( k( Y* K5 a6 y% c 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. E9 [' |+ x1 k, U! J7 |2 O) s 157. Expulsion from international organizations
, ]9 j1 m% Z# X! E' }7 m: K* `6 H6 f1 P
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
2 }$ W& K y3 A 158. Self-exposure to the elements9 i7 `3 E b! F% x6 Q
159. The fast) O/ O" T, k" L5 J
a) Fast of moral pressure1 @9 z3 ?! P; t' B8 |7 Y" G
b) Hunger strike4 ?$ h4 b& d S
c) Satyagrahic fast
& G3 {8 A: [( X. F& ? 160. Reverse trial+ D9 N8 I: A, Z; M8 G
161. Nonviolent harassment
9 f( {, [# ^7 z% {; j0 |
4 Z0 T2 `6 h4 F; m M- A- APhysical Intervention
9 b5 E. A0 n+ X- t$ Z 162. Sit-in$ P+ n, z4 F. H4 v
163. Stand-in
+ j; i% e/ {5 C% I4 A7 Z$ Z3 R3 u 164. Ride-in/ u0 I) J+ S k3 P4 a( G
165. Wade-in
; |/ X* H4 T, i2 l 166. Mill-in
1 [6 P ^% I8 P ]: Q+ {9 }4 O" @ 167. Pray-in. m8 k3 q1 C& ^% R
168. Nonviolent raids( C' S2 N, s& |
169. Nonviolent air raids
: K0 z% x( C' y1 S' w+ \$ v3 { 170. Nonviolent invasion# a5 p5 \+ Q( ~, r
171. Nonviolent interjection8 f1 K3 h) m* h4 [/ k# b- |
172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 J3 M# u3 L; |" s6 {9 D9 c' v 173. Nonviolent occupation Q& ~# G+ Z" s* o
; q; d9 Y4 L9 Y* I' x) x) Q' ]Social Intervention
( ?) x+ f& l) T( {8 p" V3 { 174. Establishing new social patterns
- c8 l/ ^% U& I& E- U 175. Overloading of facilities
3 ^. ?) n* r- c! X. G% y 176. Stall-in
2 H$ [; {1 E4 F2 d 177. Speak-in( R+ g- p& @; x
178. Guerrilla theater- q* \8 v! k l" A* E5 m6 s
179. Alternative social institutions
- ?. ]3 d/ O% u9 s4 r* o- C 180. Alternative communication system+ u2 V4 P: O: V* R' L9 @" l9 k
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Economic Intervention0 l+ n. y# n/ N7 s% L
181. Reverse strike2 }+ ^( D6 J: s( E3 R
182. Stay-in strike$ {- k& F" w: ]( r* w
183. Nonviolent land seizure5 S2 ]; ^3 r# s
184. Defiance of blockades
# H5 x3 O/ ?# I2 H 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ f( Q8 @3 `1 p( q, n1 x: Y. \
186. Preclusive purchasing: X$ o( [0 x7 d; ?
187. Seizure of assets
. ?1 W- `, Q! a- Y5 Y9 ] 188. Dumping$ E7 S3 m9 l$ T" S* [" k( o8 C
189. Selective patronage3 Z) S2 b6 O B9 Q
190. Alternative markets
& o& ]5 M' q5 y/ s0 z 191. Alternative transportation systems
' m4 c6 S9 z; P 192. Alternative economic institutions. D. {/ v4 {% J
$ v1 }; ~$ E; a, f" t; l) v
Political Intervention' m( d6 R& F$ Q, M: I2 B7 P4 @
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 y% H% k e" ]9 _4 t$ j$ k
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ J3 u- Q" K, A5 }! v* Z. K
195. Seeking imprisonment( F0 D3 \. l ]% Q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 Z, t! ^9 ]& T3 b, M6 g, b1 N
197. Work-on without collaboration. J# q+ V( F. i: w' u0 y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: f! u1 g2 v: i9 B9 [6 h+ v6 i$ j
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
