 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION% A1 l, c, X- n
Formal Statements
9 k; ?8 a* G E1 E! O! i6 } 1. Public Speeches
( i4 N( ?6 {. c! v2 G 2. Letters of opposition or support
& I5 J! W6 b1 A! [: W 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. V5 |4 s, B- ~1 W* Z- d) A
4. Signed public statements; M. L$ A! n: c5 N4 c) A
5. Declarations of indictment and intention: E$ K& x0 O3 f
6. Group or mass petitions
9 u3 Q. h. n+ j1 I6 L! q, y/ P5 o9 _. g
Communications with a Wider Audience
3 [1 ~( X9 l/ Z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% o) O9 r1 `3 q+ ^ P 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 y; s4 S+ z. r7 j5 A, L 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ M5 a% i5 X) i( z8 b+ n5 _% @0 E
10. Newspapers and journals/ C# r' ?* |" Z7 ]+ h
11. Records, radio, and television
7 A2 Y' V: K; J/ W1 l* g 12. Skywriting and earthwriting) ~3 v! S. ^4 S$ o' o" r* M
" A5 S) `1 F1 ^5 |, R0 ]Group Representations3 I" V" ]5 p4 h( i
13. Deputations7 u7 A9 B3 [9 l2 L
14. Mock awards
/ X; o0 @$ W. E. q" x 15. Group lobbying
! X- l& X1 J5 m, s& l 16. Picketing
! v2 a1 g1 L( o3 _. R4 w 17. Mock elections1 c( U, x% X2 E' z
3 g c; k1 B* a4 ^' V5 W4 G% p2 ?Symbolic Public Acts5 P7 V, h# x2 h, R7 C- W6 E* R; p8 q& ?
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 l2 Y0 s4 P8 o4 S8 B! y1 C5 i. Y
19. Wearing of symbols
4 V$ _+ }( V9 C9 B 20. Prayer and worship$ [0 f% j$ X8 U* U$ F
21. Delivering symbolic objects& K z9 u# J) v. L( R
22. Protest disrobings
+ o2 j# R2 V$ }/ T) o( P4 D 23. Destruction of own property
. ^. }! P6 y \* \8 z 24. Symbolic lights
2 x. ]0 d6 I2 V 25. Displays of portraits
# @7 s0 { g8 {3 @% u+ u! X 26. Paint as protest
+ o" T8 ^( W; b9 }! G" W4 N 27. New signs and names0 t# K) Q# e) a$ w4 Y+ b/ M
28. Symbolic sounds
1 j+ r1 K: Z K G6 x1 y3 k# ? 29. Symbolic reclamations
) N5 D6 T5 F. R2 N3 h6 I; a# l 30. Rude gestures. I; b! O- A# Z0 c! Y- I
: W; q# Q4 }1 A
Pressures on Individuals
7 u' l: M! [: { H2 G) p# W( z* N 31. “Haunting” officials
% i. q0 _) T3 b! I, m( d 32. Taunting officials" P+ K r% Y; C/ @4 k- y) i2 g( i
33. Fraternization
: G4 @# V" C; z6 ?/ R' x 34. Vigils
* g7 ~7 w! d2 {5 p7 X5 O7 n/ \6 u4 A& w2 ?0 s/ i: f3 p( W% \7 ?
Drama and Music
! i* a) U Z. M2 F/ `: F* Y 35. Humorous skits and pranks
' h5 b c" n; \2 W. n2 i# B 36. Performances of plays and music9 S; ?2 p! R: V/ M& X3 K0 q
37. Singing
$ W' L6 l9 E7 }1 p
/ |, n8 _$ i+ ]& x. u" P e' H. b$ s9 kProcessions* ^8 ~. T9 O3 j t- I
38. Marches `/ w5 k1 Y2 [" G
39. Parades7 Q. r- I- L1 U' M4 l0 T
40. Religious processions% h/ R$ t# k# q4 v
41. Pilgrimages
! f4 J8 L% G/ { 42. Motorcades# K ]% o+ }6 a7 J3 W3 d6 t
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Honoring the Dead
% [- N4 y: T' N3 e9 }) u 43. Political mourning
1 V. Z. @: ^" }1 j( T, @9 l 44. Mock funerals
$ N, V; `5 j% j) f 45. Demonstrative funerals
* m. `7 X& K9 g0 Y ] 46. Homage at burial places8 h+ ~6 q k+ M% c6 ]+ Y
: Z' I+ H7 s: T0 DPublic Assemblies# v. v& [/ U' ]1 M1 g8 i4 r
47. Assemblies of protest or support
, O2 W; @5 E% @! W 48. Protest meetings/ H2 Q* {: }% @/ \+ V" i
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& ~7 ]% M7 |# u
50. Teach-ins1 s7 f- Y0 Z5 m8 h" {3 o8 w: i
: d0 n; v; q, T+ E$ }Withdrawal and Renunciation/ f/ I0 i# J7 Z$ o. q3 X% o
51. Walk-outs
6 u3 [( f$ _" r/ n9 C 52. Silence6 z' B/ J* D% \: {! V
53. Renouncing honors
- J8 A" T& J* _) u+ D( B 54. Turning one’s back$ v9 ]) I# y; E! n/ k7 M
" M) t: [. ]5 \$ k: s3 W/ J7 `
% \! r3 U. s* E& w; m0 R/ K: X5 E: u; |( Q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, F6 z8 [) C6 ~* ~' F/ Z& E7 \3 W4 ?6 L; Z8 q# L
1 f9 F" q7 @# C- \! k0 t5 F
2 k% R, v* U& U6 e8 `9 o, rOstracism of Persons& L# x/ n8 `4 a3 k& {8 v7 ~/ M2 g
55. Social boycott
& K5 \" u; @* l E) z' l 56. Selective social boycott$ R% y, ], Q! W* [/ t" W( m
57. Lysistratic nonaction
* e! r3 X! o, {1 s# v3 m+ T 58. Excommunication
( C( E& ?, A) g# Z3 \ 59. Interdict
6 M2 s: Z2 t" f5 i- J$ Z
& f$ `+ ^& w) I! dNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 [# \' a& m0 \. a8 u
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ \* \4 s# \5 ?, i. c6 l! J
61. Boycott of social affairs
$ b$ K* ]: I+ Z9 E( C, f2 _0 ^ 62. Student strike1 [! Z! T0 z& ]# w
63. Social disobedience
0 g: P" f7 ^+ z$ N+ i8 I: C 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: x- p7 E6 ^) v4 ~( E
1 |+ k( i3 i p7 ~" y: bWithdrawal from the Social System# N0 f0 z4 Y2 G2 ^" x7 [# _/ M- k
65. Stay-at-home
, _ Y$ J1 w/ r9 F, Y 66. Total personal noncooperation- t, l" U+ n" n1 ?" m: C8 v& r2 O- S
67. “Flight” of workers
4 m: W# d/ T& u 68. Sanctuary
# Q$ [# ?% J( Q' E5 e6 r0 h 69. Collective disappearance L9 H4 o; b! j6 j7 p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 J* ?: D# y$ S T2 D5 k' P6 T
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6 W+ W+ W( f3 M# Y/ k; g( i& [: STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 ]& o. Z: U8 l i; Z( v/ V
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Actions by Consumers- f; h8 p* U9 ?! q2 K
71. Consumers’ boycott% o# V9 E! X* K+ k3 S Z9 S
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods w. a7 o: m. n. n
73. Policy of austerity4 S/ m* g& @% h6 `/ K" S# O
74. Rent withholding
& ^& y) Q) J, j0 f/ d- k 75. Refusal to rent
2 y' a: I3 {2 w0 z) V 76. National consumers’ boycott
: g% g/ H2 L+ N 77. International consumers’ boycott
/ F' R3 h, s7 [; E/ ?5 B& X2 ^* w% `" u
Action by Workers and Producers3 M1 {" N7 E' p$ f& E# C' B3 u9 G
78. Workmen’s boycott
`/ b2 L- d' o. d& R& L 79. Producers’ boycott9 g* F5 p0 f, o4 ~8 h: Q, v3 K
- ^/ A! f6 p9 Z* iAction by Middlemen- z1 q. H0 ]" B4 A( i
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 h l, w% X8 b* H( @
8 X9 ~" {6 D# `; D p9 GAction by Owners and Management
0 Q' L$ A( {) f; _ v* N5 y/ b: k 81. Traders’ boycott3 M1 s+ {+ f5 j5 \ r5 v
82. Refusal to let or sell property
, O( E9 z0 P* n x9 e 83. Lockout
2 U+ ^- k* ^* u$ C# J4 k2 y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 L; x! A" n8 X# o; A4 Z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ W' N" P7 u, E8 f
- Q: m/ b; C3 Y# g' ]Action by Holders of Financial Resources% {$ W3 w( f5 z+ ~3 ?
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 G7 x* y3 n, f- E) B8 y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! N7 n1 P1 R6 |4 H/ {1 X' n q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* M0 g3 ^, [1 v5 H+ j 89. Severance of funds and credit6 ^' q! T: K- l* x0 f. |
90. Revenue refusal+ C# b' i3 \! w+ A4 N' I j. Q
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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3 @1 z& W1 ^& {" C# W$ y, J KAction by Governments3 I/ I& O& ?( k3 Z
92. Domestic embargo! p! o6 \: ~; c$ p: N
93. Blacklisting of traders0 S4 R3 R% l7 N8 ?0 y9 I! h
94. International sellers’ embargo
( ^; L4 D' z/ @: v/ E 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ w, O4 ]* Q8 M ]9 Q* U) M 96. International trade embargo& L5 q( I: p3 x7 E$ `5 I8 \% C" m
; O! p9 S q& ]! D X/ c
2 h- T* Q! b& V
3 P( f8 U J& l& u( O2 H4 M, Y: y. xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 ~) x1 X( u0 l& k7 i1 O( w, G( L
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7 Q3 k& o. H8 N" MSymbolic Strikes1 e( x a7 }% W6 K- F; \
97. Protest strike0 E7 A3 Y- v& w! W' W& n" r4 l" s, @
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
* O, A' N# E3 G5 v/ o! ]
t) M7 k- z6 g5 XAgricultural Strikes$ e6 T; Z1 n6 L3 T( \8 L' u
99. Peasant strike
' M: S4 m! {- C5 E8 J 100. Farm Workers’ strike1 x, L( F' A( ]" d9 e# X: v+ D
4 `4 o L- o5 \. z. R p, E$ y
Strikes by Special Groups1 c" z7 s' ?/ M0 n' y6 l
101. Refusal of impressed labor
# X& \& H( i% U/ ^3 F$ l* \) T 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 @* E9 |' N# p1 U9 l6 [" W! ] 103. Craft strike S" j9 j: k0 C O7 F' x
104. Professional strike
9 y/ N7 W2 R- K/ ^6 @5 N( E
' Y' ]" Q$ n! hOrdinary Industrial Strikes' x* c4 w- x; T( h
105. Establishment strike" p2 f; h& ]" S+ [' b$ V8 D2 v
106. Industry strike
3 h8 n2 y; @0 ~3 x `5 L. c 107. Sympathetic strike' \+ i; L# N0 U) k% ^
- G9 b5 _' ]+ v. F2 k9 \, GRestricted Strikes- I& I: R- D/ p; h7 v8 W
108. Detailed strike
/ c4 B3 r" s# _4 @ 109. Bumper strike
- a! f) w9 p; b }+ N& W/ | 110. Slowdown strike
% y+ X: ^2 `% a6 p 111. Working-to-rule strike
& i. T/ h6 n8 F, ^/ n0 i( Y. L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 ?& F* k* H" |
113. Strike by resignation
6 V, O$ }- e1 A 114. Limited strike
" Z$ Z% A0 C4 M" \4 R 115. Selective strike$ N5 j+ _9 S% Y* b' O8 c U
; N* O; O; v; _( F% Z/ eMulti-Industry Strikes
$ G2 j/ |/ L; k* l' I$ P. S# {2 J# o$ B# f# Y& k+ z
116. Generalized strike
3 _! O/ Q0 u, X7 k% s9 y# |* H! ]- G( u! q) o
117. General strike j* S6 O" J$ O0 @
5 l. Y' D8 s4 S
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 [+ k6 P$ T+ U; m+ @) w9 U
! A. z. k/ |$ X1 V% S4 ]
118. Hartal# W& ~# O# L0 i8 Y9 o& P
" v2 [- [/ V0 _4 L 119. Economic shutdown) f% l7 H+ c2 Y7 f8 u# p4 n* c
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2 n+ t9 y$ _0 Q3 FTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ l+ `1 Q: S+ {% Z' S! P& d5 M, W7 G" C5 t
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Rejection of Authority
! J; H' x4 y( O$ h3 w! V! Y5 l1 C1 F 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% H* X4 z0 w% [ 121. Refusal of public support
) [ K5 i# W: ]( b1 @! X$ C 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 n9 t# M# ]- }, \. p, L
* a* E8 u' n! N, k. w" P: j. }Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 J# Z* ^/ W, N+ U9 T9 `1 O3 R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% x X7 I1 Y! L4 ~- u; h 124. Boycott of elections! b- W9 f9 f5 \/ Y- U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: v* ^# C) t( Y6 C$ l 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 L" L/ h. x2 `8 _8 h
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 Q8 s% B* [6 D; J2 f" \! A1 _
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 v$ [' T) k6 n1 J1 l; h' R 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 Y4 r; Z8 q* P3 C$ Z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 X' ?; f6 a' ~: C9 t
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% l6 B z3 f% R5 a) a* F5 I2 I 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 o/ u# Z+ Z; P6 O2 |
H. R: a. y* M6 q3 l* x0 I# {
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience v0 l% d4 Q$ X. h9 D0 l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* N: H5 ]3 l9 ]) F& w1 l 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# f3 k9 g' n2 S i" z {5 S 135. Popular nonobedience5 _) E4 x1 c! Z& z& q4 y
136. Disguised disobedience6 E1 n! z) w- k5 y0 l7 t
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: l% P3 V: z' M* i! n3 j8 {/ U: `
138. Sitdown
: T0 U) W$ Z; g% p. d# F& ` 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; g' Q \- G) m- `4 _( |! i" G 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 R, {* D, Y! F$ S 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" m/ a1 I* r- m2 K$ R$ R- O) u
" k+ e1 N7 H- z, V6 y( a
Action by Government Personnel
" O6 L3 k2 v1 g, t! f 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ l- @5 H- L/ i
143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 H" H+ O1 k u
144. Stalling and obstruction
1 V$ C; o9 E: I2 v3 g 145. General administrative noncooperation
5 \/ l1 E3 K1 A; b3 H
1 x; _" f; R3 E- Z& J( v 146. Judicial noncooperation
1 T9 Z9 Z% _" T1 z {/ [. h 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# [ h/ H5 n# H% Z# K 148. Mutiny
/ C, r8 y' w4 MDomestic Governmental Action, _+ O. H. w0 G R9 y) M- T0 r0 w
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 }2 N9 X& N' y7 a2 G$ M, {0 z/ p 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ a3 r: r1 j. j: P c
5 S& E# s Y( T, c, E( ~International Governmental Action
! p' y/ z* c) R5 N& t5 w5 z0 o 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- s" k) D" V# }, P+ I8 f( q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. N8 o( q0 G7 s* s/ E, \/ S% J
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- h* O2 b) U3 A9 T
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! ~; R$ G& j) C9 T g$ u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 o _0 {, @4 h. ^' l* y! H
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& h2 a" X7 h. i! Y+ O
157. Expulsion from international organizations+ L: b( u# q( u8 M3 |
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* U. M& T/ ]2 h- B+ r- v* M/ hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention ~$ \' Z3 T; ?* {% Y
158. Self-exposure to the elements; I/ x0 A% ? S8 Z' Y2 r
159. The fast
9 [4 m0 G6 `1 O9 S1 p7 a4 j6 h6 f a) Fast of moral pressure
+ j6 T* M; ]1 `9 A5 O9 H b) Hunger strike# q O f' b/ w2 h: a2 }5 B
c) Satyagrahic fast
7 [0 c. b$ L1 e: W) K3 v 160. Reverse trial1 g( Z# k* a* {1 M8 w
161. Nonviolent harassment
+ L" [3 @1 S) \, X# i0 i- n Q' ^; X: R5 A7 k6 x
Physical Intervention+ _3 ^( q- t! g1 c0 p: \8 S6 M
162. Sit-in
& p, [4 }& t2 r/ s1 @ 163. Stand-in
- x+ _3 ^4 s! F( X4 v) }2 \ 164. Ride-in) J- L( L5 x8 y# ^
165. Wade-in
4 Y! n1 h6 }* J! Z" K% q 166. Mill-in- J. U. @' Q- ? o
167. Pray-in$ [" P) f7 A; f. M9 k
168. Nonviolent raids5 t" J- ]1 l K1 B; c2 O
169. Nonviolent air raids( O+ ?+ S' w. A, t0 z: S% k
170. Nonviolent invasion; h9 S( }# `, W5 K( K% }
171. Nonviolent interjection) ^$ d! w% R7 `
172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 R N( S. N6 M 173. Nonviolent occupation: L. K1 z- B! {8 S. b# q
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Social Intervention
" u7 P" j* u/ c0 u( q1 |; k/ s$ S+ j: C 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 k5 K& I$ C3 E; w; ?: `+ E& A 175. Overloading of facilities
6 [/ t% p! v/ i1 V: l6 K7 p 176. Stall-in" H ?% u' J. O( W
177. Speak-in
( \- }- G G, q3 ~ 178. Guerrilla theater
% z) j0 t# }: t. s' Y5 u& o% } 179. Alternative social institutions6 g; e5 o# S4 W" Z2 @5 n g
180. Alternative communication system
( X2 k5 X1 Q3 {! q5 ^2 ]" ?" t$ H% O5 a2 W; @0 n- w
Economic Intervention
# Y* S/ a& L% N, ]3 P 181. Reverse strike
% @- Y, M' L" t$ x0 s* ]4 l 182. Stay-in strike$ l/ X$ b! H* {) g9 N- r! ^' G- M
183. Nonviolent land seizure! i9 {& ]$ V W H& Y
184. Defiance of blockades
/ a. R7 U/ r! n8 h# l& B 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting) E6 f. Y, t2 R! i8 F1 F. F
186. Preclusive purchasing3 G9 j0 O' u5 q
187. Seizure of assets
4 Z+ N3 w: s* H2 }# k 188. Dumping: u" c* Y- Z& H. a5 k$ n# o- p4 s
189. Selective patronage: H3 q* p* d# v6 }1 L( H% X7 ~8 r# f* R
190. Alternative markets
) W/ C, G& g4 Y) x# k 191. Alternative transportation systems$ Q9 r( m+ A( a+ W; P8 c& B
192. Alternative economic institutions1 h* S; a& C4 \- d8 p9 y: l% t
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Political Intervention5 Q% h: i$ s! H+ t) F8 N
193. Overloading of administrative systems o5 \5 L/ R( H7 Z$ s
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
+ V/ N( x" F7 ]4 W1 a3 { 195. Seeking imprisonment
; Z" o. y/ R4 L( H) k. g0 s6 I8 k 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 ^1 I9 m7 z% y) g; {
197. Work-on without collaboration: r4 t0 i; z; P$ Z- N/ F% D/ T: m
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
