 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- @( g/ C* o) v/ H$ ~ mFormal Statements
. @8 g& w- x# }$ a 1. Public Speeches9 K8 o k2 a7 ]& a& D
2. Letters of opposition or support
( ~9 k- C6 u, h" U; o7 _0 K, x: c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) }- l* K, P* M2 ^! g* b& z
4. Signed public statements
8 | J8 j8 z2 v6 Q) y2 ?) w& A3 } 5. Declarations of indictment and intention& H, r8 ?+ U5 a. o
6. Group or mass petitions+ [7 p* j4 g' _- o
) l0 V" y! v! KCommunications with a Wider Audience* E2 r& Z0 B# H
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( Z/ T5 B/ n( _" J
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; o/ ]' I6 B5 q ? 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' _8 y* P- @: _$ O9 B& Q3 ] 10. Newspapers and journals
" H3 W7 R; i. }8 G) c 11. Records, radio, and television# q# L# |" u9 x" _7 n" `1 t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting, y( B+ P ~, E5 g' H) o
1 Y+ f: A0 C7 D/ M: \0 J
Group Representations
2 G Z n. I, n) ?1 m0 L) } 13. Deputations2 k- k3 t& W$ d" w# M5 g9 v- e
14. Mock awards
& O4 U3 G; m) L4 T+ A! \ 15. Group lobbying8 @$ t! i; N- p* j# F, B9 H- l
16. Picketing
0 ?, n- {) u- R6 z, j# l9 u( q" u0 t 17. Mock elections
% K [7 N. ?% P# X4 S7 X% u# v
r; c8 p# S' d3 oSymbolic Public Acts' h6 X5 C9 ^5 y8 |& Q& L4 Q' I
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( c- U: G( {' N4 }) I 19. Wearing of symbols
6 I* {4 n# B5 ^' s8 A" f 20. Prayer and worship) }! }$ s/ e9 e2 f+ ?: E) y3 Z
21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 }# o8 H# m, E0 W- P; a 22. Protest disrobings6 g" v1 k: @* D6 ]5 E( V
23. Destruction of own property
+ I# `' y8 l8 d% m' I: A 24. Symbolic lights
* ~$ H! i% @" f" d+ u" a4 S 25. Displays of portraits: b+ Q) }4 f4 J# N2 k0 n
26. Paint as protest
) q6 @' D% l3 |. [# Z& Y! J" F 27. New signs and names
* y1 z. b9 r/ [3 |1 m 28. Symbolic sounds
n4 u6 `/ a8 j/ y0 Y: F: e 29. Symbolic reclamations$ K' s: W9 f3 @' d- `" A6 f
30. Rude gestures
0 k( _4 x! c. ]) g/ g+ ~8 c
' c' P8 ]. o5 W& |8 fPressures on Individuals$ i7 c6 W+ L% ]5 p- L5 M; W
31. “Haunting” officials
* M1 Y9 S- g& X 32. Taunting officials
$ B Y: g7 Q, m c3 y) | 33. Fraternization8 x6 M2 {8 r2 J
34. Vigils
+ ]: R3 Y" x( \) j+ o7 V
/ K# U: f8 B7 hDrama and Music
9 p, \' r/ R7 W8 Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
! k+ \& ^- U! m7 C 36. Performances of plays and music
/ M/ H! V d D/ J: ~' O 37. Singing; p/ d9 i' e' \3 O- `
3 r7 Y, g# z r, d" ?
Processions1 P# c S, c2 x0 N0 @6 T
38. Marches
. E& ~6 c1 q) B& V% b 39. Parades
# A- z) g$ j- c% y5 H B# E' ^) T 40. Religious processions
- _3 q; T3 `# b8 T, K3 R/ h( L4 Q 41. Pilgrimages9 I2 X: ~% J. J% J3 o$ I
42. Motorcades* d0 {, k' O2 g l+ p& o
) [- d# y; N) g. B; GHonoring the Dead3 {! Z+ ~6 Q! J$ Q7 O( V( G1 e
43. Political mourning
" t* j" p( b% F3 j) `2 v0 G 44. Mock funerals0 L! @9 C9 ?5 X! O+ X# t
45. Demonstrative funerals$ R$ K& Y3 V7 u' P) _
46. Homage at burial places
" Q9 `2 n6 x: Q8 L, _" s8 D4 F P0 l& v% }
Public Assemblies5 E$ M, T: K' W% s/ c' C4 \
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 J1 _3 m) J4 m8 k; P 48. Protest meetings! Y- ~, ^% I/ J) {* M! L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" j/ ?; m8 k" m. g) O8 e1 i 50. Teach-ins
% G4 R" D& F( T, b6 X' h# m/ `8 g. l$ R$ W, j7 _% O
Withdrawal and Renunciation" d }. v6 ?7 d2 J
51. Walk-outs" l1 P4 p. S" F" B3 W( A
52. Silence
, D5 d c3 c# E6 X0 B8 Q 53. Renouncing honors
4 i" V# d# U6 L& x1 ? 54. Turning one’s back
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2 Y3 d0 ~; R0 Y/ {% b2 _+ B
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5 p2 A) j) c- n) h& i. ~0 HTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# ~9 |' k7 N I+ ?4 }; ^* `# Q2 Z3 y
" @4 `+ q5 m1 ? Q
+ X2 \ l% _3 z. k9 P
- U {+ r% @0 S
Ostracism of Persons" N2 H& @. w9 k
55. Social boycott
& e5 U- _ E9 d: X9 i- w 56. Selective social boycott e' r8 O3 C/ g7 I1 Z; ^
57. Lysistratic nonaction' C/ J; t- H- x) S+ L& ^' `- d
58. Excommunication
+ s9 C7 c# E2 Y) q0 {9 m 59. Interdict
" i$ T, O% K4 L( F* B+ M+ a& E' [
. C7 Q1 `* }" @: E/ A" A: d8 p6 JNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! p0 C6 y8 K- c! h
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 B4 P9 h" x- {% P) i 61. Boycott of social affairs
) M. R6 \6 _( {* M 62. Student strike
. @ [* N5 ? k( K 63. Social disobedience8 q% l) R4 ]2 J9 u" m2 u' ]
64. Withdrawal from social institutions- Q4 f% A0 m& ]0 G5 U( R2 O
4 p4 v0 i. r2 v* W }: @$ a4 S; Z
Withdrawal from the Social System
# C- s, T5 G% ~# s+ b+ {$ V 65. Stay-at-home2 G( u6 q8 B. [& t; L
66. Total personal noncooperation! N3 L8 h4 o W) }: R
67. “Flight” of workers
1 G& ?; d# Z' r: O5 S8 @ 68. Sanctuary
; v) }) y6 {7 {$ h: L 69. Collective disappearance
8 M/ ]3 O0 l% A, R 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 X9 z& A4 \6 b
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0 L4 o3 ^2 l: p0 O! ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
v% m3 h% f4 H+ l' S1 P1 E6 M5 i; \4 a% q' H' _
$ D% N' U0 x* T/ \ ~6 sActions by Consumers) h9 W% e* M. h0 r B7 k% b [% I; g
71. Consumers’ boycott
, ?6 }$ c" w+ O" g 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* u% {3 g1 n: b% P6 ]: s 73. Policy of austerity
$ h' k- t) X8 m& | 74. Rent withholding1 k! Y, ]. N0 K
75. Refusal to rent
0 @+ a) O" x8 D; X* y% q 76. National consumers’ boycott
K8 W5 f& ^! \2 U4 q7 e7 V 77. International consumers’ boycott
+ k0 @4 p2 R3 l0 ?: R6 l1 s" D' a4 I
5 k H( d/ ^0 ~+ `Action by Workers and Producers
' J+ ~1 l. F, p k P. y) b O 78. Workmen’s boycott F& Q! l" q; n a& `
79. Producers’ boycott
; v9 U8 ]) P& |2 s; k* F
& u, x! z- P1 D# K* [. Z8 kAction by Middlemen
9 C0 J$ n* G; ^3 l, r 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ g' x2 {, t; Z1 L% m$ p
: u J; f2 `+ k0 t# V2 n7 dAction by Owners and Management8 _8 G2 p$ s5 o2 i0 w
81. Traders’ boycott7 _! R4 H! V% |6 {" S- w! e
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! K. a2 y! f- J" s- n! R 83. Lockout, n1 g! ^5 ]2 R
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 _8 H9 T$ j. C
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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2 m5 o2 h" f; g: aAction by Holders of Financial Resources
# j6 |; ~! u" J+ ]. X 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 N. ?8 t4 k' s) F+ f: [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" }& Z& V# u9 A9 b# O
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. V; G; e6 }, t" {
89. Severance of funds and credit) {6 m8 R) |3 ^2 @! `
90. Revenue refusal
3 H2 u4 [! d& K! C4 k 91. Refusal of a government’s money( \7 n" O/ b9 s. T2 L4 C8 Q
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Action by Governments
8 H" R9 a# ^/ Q3 o5 C 92. Domestic embargo
, v. Q0 [# v/ L: S 93. Blacklisting of traders
6 |# z; ^# U" O+ s 94. International sellers’ embargo, D$ I" j" \ Q; c/ f: F3 A0 d9 l
95. International buyers’ embargo
( z; c0 X. M0 f: u& T 96. International trade embargo1 b+ k/ U2 f1 L0 [& ^; _
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* a1 x0 o3 D. l; h% I" h, ~# ?3 BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# V: ^2 O7 R) T3 \3 }7 w d
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, W" g9 B) F3 ~( Q3 V: I% N
Symbolic Strikes# W& E% M- w" _/ j* U+ Q3 k
97. Protest strike7 c1 j1 r" q4 r5 I& G; R4 o4 H# Q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 R3 V u3 z( A; l: B, v5 j
. u) N! D1 E1 s. P# B; O" SAgricultural Strikes
+ C8 |' I5 q' k4 r 99. Peasant strike5 ~% R' s. S: f: _) T+ W
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 M7 @ I" G% j+ H
) y4 ]: L- a8 M. I% X
Strikes by Special Groups2 s2 R% Y- Z! v
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ E8 A1 m& j3 J 102. Prisoners’ strike
1 z7 n% q$ y# ~3 w- E' G 103. Craft strike3 K( P; p {5 a \. A) n
104. Professional strike" V' ?2 ^3 _, u
) F. L" M( d, r7 \0 ^) Q: \ BOrdinary Industrial Strikes
~7 }0 O; c: n+ l 105. Establishment strike
4 p2 E9 w8 F. ^0 r$ M 106. Industry strike: H! K1 a7 s. r
107. Sympathetic strike
4 o/ o0 }. h9 E' h, O6 p2 l6 u# g* E( |; D' P) x8 u$ J3 F
Restricted Strikes' B S/ D0 G7 |
108. Detailed strike
# i& _# v5 g( d0 X2 r& |5 V% l 109. Bumper strike+ o( y3 b% p# X& @0 o" [+ i
110. Slowdown strike
. Y; ]3 b4 c( U) @( b; h$ L& ]5 Z 111. Working-to-rule strike
3 F5 p1 b& g0 q( [! | 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" k0 M2 o( |- D' b
113. Strike by resignation
4 Y4 I9 i& r. t, Y6 ` 114. Limited strike! t2 `" ^ p% }/ C9 g7 O, s
115. Selective strike
# y* y- [- [0 d; O7 U, W: }7 `# Y# E1 I! l
Multi-Industry Strikes. s: S. x; Q3 g9 r4 g
e# C" k8 z! V 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
1 N& T3 c/ o5 G
( g' k* X+ k9 G+ z H% Y1 `$ qCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures& ^ N$ L. }- r% j
7 e. l, o7 a! x" k4 T3 ?
118. Hartal
/ H5 o5 R# l& |& T; X0 M0 J2 s1 ?9 k- G3 p6 S2 Y0 s& ]" f
119. Economic shutdown& r8 {2 N7 y: C* U% L& Q
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, z% q; B u) _2 p6 ^2 PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 u7 I2 x( R0 }! A! G. b1 O
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; L+ M; q a6 w, WRejection of Authority" e9 j3 u* Z4 ^+ d/ Y5 W5 Q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. N$ n/ P; o! S' I9 U 121. Refusal of public support! Q# x; j( `# W1 x4 @! u6 ~4 d3 d- Q R
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 Q# d7 Q N3 Y5 T" x" I/ m/ Y9 z6 i4 t! j R
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; |1 g9 T. t) M8 O$ L 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# }1 e9 Z) v7 r 124. Boycott of elections; f& t+ G* m7 h. \; E, m" W: ^ N# d/ I
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 M& }+ a# k" L8 E& ~ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 I; _* o4 r. F# l$ H7 C0 W 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 H5 M- }9 _! }- }! L: ~) u
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& b, [' Z+ Z; O# L4 h8 J! Y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* Y4 g5 r, U( x: ]! p 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, e" B9 H: H* M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 p% C5 p; X7 }( M9 o# A; w1 J- N
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 R1 V' y) O5 l+ }3 m% W
9 }6 A4 `* d. pCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% ? N: G( V- w! I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ C9 t. g. k7 t; D8 D
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( q4 j) ?3 x2 x' r; S 135. Popular nonobedience3 @1 G, c' {" |
136. Disguised disobedience
4 _. M( ]. Q2 W0 h) V- K/ b' t 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, b5 a/ y2 o/ D, Y* v
138. Sitdown
' z; `! r* j, G% T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( z3 `3 Z. s! p* d+ p8 { 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 G# [% |2 _& n9 M6 c3 K8 Y o5 O# | 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, N- u& I2 T# U% G3 D) {3 P$ {, T* }
Action by Government Personnel: r: p5 h" R z, b- L4 W
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ m- I& u+ U8 L, h; L- i 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
4 t" P" g% ? d/ V3 X% L 144. Stalling and obstruction3 y) g# n u* z9 Z/ X0 [7 Q
145. General administrative noncooperation
; p5 V3 x0 c! a! h" R& `. |
: z# q6 R" B2 r$ x! \# c1 V V 146. Judicial noncooperation
6 T- }' N$ Y! t( ~* @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% V, I! ]) c+ ` K4 s- v/ z6 E 148. Mutiny
W) ~1 J) |% d- sDomestic Governmental Action2 Z( u7 M: k6 E$ o5 f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( H! S* W* q+ ~/ f6 R# O 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units6 @6 b+ E% [- q9 B; g
/ }) I* b6 J9 _: p/ b$ c" P2 gInternational Governmental Action
1 t- K8 l: m& o3 |) s- Z: Z: { 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* \' D/ X1 y) [5 f w& P& s
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' {( y$ N1 i0 J4 ^/ ~: q1 S
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& U+ |( _' D, } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 L$ v) j" n2 C h* l8 K
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! s" j' P" A! V9 R5 H7 M 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# S( `# ?5 P( n/ |0 p
157. Expulsion from international organizations
, Z8 K+ ]" g- C! Z4 H4 z; Y' G. B! Y& M+ \8 f: T* ?. Y
7 b0 Z* q0 z$ p" J) y
3 n8 r% e4 C& M4 ]) }5 VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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8 f6 g% U3 ^" u- @0 u ( ^7 k" N8 Y3 {6 s) v, }
Psychological Intervention
0 ^! \/ }6 O+ u" c# b: q6 k% d 158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 h& ~5 ]$ P/ M' j6 w7 S) K, Q 159. The fast, z: j& }7 B ^0 b
a) Fast of moral pressure
) p9 Q% Q4 ?$ @8 z/ ~ A b) Hunger strike
7 b0 ]1 H0 ~, C# d9 M c) Satyagrahic fast
% F/ @! D7 b; j$ S t 160. Reverse trial/ I3 w% u" J* K; ~5 _3 n; h
161. Nonviolent harassment* q, g2 {0 y7 D! k
+ f4 O2 W l, [9 x" y7 u: Z, LPhysical Intervention8 f! K! s3 E6 Q8 k1 I! \, Z; q
162. Sit-in
. N" J# b0 I! E* u6 Q5 f 163. Stand-in* X) m0 n0 p; H$ S) F
164. Ride-in" n6 V6 Z+ b% t( G
165. Wade-in
" D% B& @$ g7 R( m/ n/ \) j9 l 166. Mill-in
& _# R# F, Q, C$ P1 R4 y( _) Z2 b 167. Pray-in) I8 C7 h$ f/ @# Z( ~- ?0 `
168. Nonviolent raids
) O# k4 S4 B+ Y) r5 R- ~ g5 I 169. Nonviolent air raids
5 f3 |/ {3 s; a 170. Nonviolent invasion, D1 @: y! j8 v
171. Nonviolent interjection
. @4 F% T- I. K" o3 p5 ~6 z2 n. l 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) S5 [9 _# X+ t& C2 ^, W% N 173. Nonviolent occupation' s+ j) i) K# S0 V
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Social Intervention! n' d$ w @% ^/ @8 k
174. Establishing new social patterns- B& t+ a, f6 U# A6 U. J
175. Overloading of facilities# z! r6 f8 I' M
176. Stall-in
$ ^2 E2 x& B' z. n: a* ]% \; G8 P 177. Speak-in3 Q" n9 B) ~2 ^6 I, {& p( I" H
178. Guerrilla theater
) ?& e: ~1 R' I: g3 b 179. Alternative social institutions* I# X( Y9 C5 C- U. J
180. Alternative communication system+ X7 {% f0 l" U! G6 i: y9 a
9 C0 Y6 T2 H& ?' @4 [: U4 \
Economic Intervention9 @7 o+ Q. E e$ `! J
181. Reverse strike$ v' \5 Q v3 G# n: \
182. Stay-in strike# z. h' ~2 z, R" }! ~+ ?
183. Nonviolent land seizure8 {4 F" N/ h* w- Z; ?3 k
184. Defiance of blockades+ u! g( `5 B+ [: A' @" A
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' ^# B" H) n; { 186. Preclusive purchasing2 F( n( B8 N; Y' h; i% g5 y, ?
187. Seizure of assets
/ d4 |- j& x+ i1 n% h 188. Dumping0 @/ t) l* J: g( a. m {. N) O
189. Selective patronage
( L+ @/ z5 m/ K) W 190. Alternative markets& J( y' ] z( i9 `
191. Alternative transportation systems( b4 ~& U. J8 K" J0 v P% f
192. Alternative economic institutions
+ C" P% T% X, N, v: c+ B+ X1 {* N/ m
Political Intervention
5 I" [: F4 e' E9 O 193. Overloading of administrative systems; v% h# @+ T" K2 {! n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 \) z1 W5 e' m9 J
195. Seeking imprisonment. S6 K/ m0 t1 a* c% O. W; p
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 G9 [$ j" c8 q: m6 U
197. Work-on without collaboration' `9 T1 T" ^1 W- {% d* g# Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
