 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 z, B3 w# V# E
Formal Statements
8 v; E" b8 }' y. J/ C+ W 1. Public Speeches6 h* x5 ?- g! ^" i# |5 F/ H2 w5 A
2. Letters of opposition or support
7 {' k! k7 z5 a! Y5 d) J 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 b; U9 J2 [ B& t8 e- T
4. Signed public statements4 ~# K4 ?4 T8 Y4 |! u( d, k, ?
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) C- E3 E3 B6 r% r4 R* l2 S7 G1 v1 x* q 6. Group or mass petitions
" I6 W' P, \5 @' A# `# v- K; C$ H# q: V/ O0 _
Communications with a Wider Audience
" [7 t. _, g' @" j6 T 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# e1 I6 P$ _: ?, y; T* c( b0 M4 ^
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& J" n+ x; J* B$ m) N! z% k
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: i& `5 L; a" w g! k 10. Newspapers and journals. J& `: J0 `$ N- K
11. Records, radio, and television% j1 i* f/ A: H9 v8 F g4 F/ u
12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 F) ]7 y( p5 b7 ~8 U: c0 O
5 N8 X( {5 ^& v, ~' d- [+ vGroup Representations
% n# q; p% S3 ? T( Q 13. Deputations4 f' d1 c2 d, z: o2 ?. ]; r0 G
14. Mock awards
6 r; \" ~3 `( Z) {$ w5 b( r3 ? 15. Group lobbying
% \1 U y/ q/ `/ }( G 16. Picketing
( o, v. n' W: h5 V 17. Mock elections: ~: a7 b6 q- k, i4 r1 M' ^ b) {
- D, C! P1 R" c" ~! I* i6 x1 n2 L# d& W
Symbolic Public Acts- N* H# H$ x3 P1 f: g
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! O+ Y. d! Z# F) _) Y* @) _/ w
19. Wearing of symbols
- E9 d( U4 l% j2 ^ 20. Prayer and worship
8 t3 t% L" m$ r 21. Delivering symbolic objects" V$ Q3 i9 {! ]& k8 d1 W
22. Protest disrobings+ ~1 @- ]8 ]8 m4 k
23. Destruction of own property, {% R3 k$ _& o5 ~+ p/ R6 t; k
24. Symbolic lights$ m% H9 A4 p( {3 P) _ _* O
25. Displays of portraits
: \' r3 B4 Q) Y$ K# i' A0 F; Z 26. Paint as protest
- J3 `8 O* ~% T& a" Q! M/ ? 27. New signs and names
0 q \. ?8 d/ U2 M+ P 28. Symbolic sounds( c! M5 Z/ k3 s! Y' `
29. Symbolic reclamations
# X: }% o* N& c 30. Rude gestures
7 U% C, W# l$ N1 U
9 @* \# u. b- S+ JPressures on Individuals+ U$ U, T% P) K! }! t
31. “Haunting” officials
( V( {9 E) r+ X0 W; p, C" ]2 M1 s 32. Taunting officials: x1 f- m- k* Z0 I$ c4 R
33. Fraternization7 P5 W2 D" u3 H! b
34. Vigils
L2 s+ K* T$ X
4 O- h! G. h6 M+ NDrama and Music2 L {& y1 p' \
35. Humorous skits and pranks( C- ^, N+ L8 \0 v5 W3 ?" R
36. Performances of plays and music
" g! N, T7 g7 j4 f 37. Singing% P1 U$ j5 T2 ]2 j
/ B. P4 m/ n! _7 l, ZProcessions; S, b6 l) ~" V8 J1 Z o: ?3 n
38. Marches
' w- A. ~2 D/ {+ W7 ? 39. Parades/ Y& f; z6 K" {* X- @
40. Religious processions2 s% R% ~) O2 M, l c$ j& r
41. Pilgrimages
% e' E- d ^# g" Y1 E; ?2 v% [; }: m 42. Motorcades
# z9 m% x% s0 u: b4 B6 W5 E8 N/ w, D
Honoring the Dead
8 O9 s* q. K. [ \7 E4 ^2 ^; n4 Q 43. Political mourning
X5 ^2 G6 ]5 h4 B; i; d0 c: u( v 44. Mock funerals
3 K; c" Z' ^& t) \1 `& }7 Z' b 45. Demonstrative funerals
8 T5 m5 |8 `( J+ B/ Z6 h 46. Homage at burial places: C L; l+ r9 t3 k
8 Q; Q$ Y1 ~6 [5 M) v$ P& U; hPublic Assemblies
. e! T- X1 l- x# G9 a: B! i; ~ 47. Assemblies of protest or support5 T- r& ]" M9 X, W6 R! d
48. Protest meetings4 [: N' N2 B4 b" B& X
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: Y6 ?6 g- r( I6 I B 50. Teach-ins
* a! I; W1 Z0 r+ Z$ A1 ?+ x& e& _" W& p
Withdrawal and Renunciation1 R! T- X. f* M5 L
51. Walk-outs
( w8 {$ V# B- x/ P( E 52. Silence
0 }6 o, r3 f3 C2 n7 F 53. Renouncing honors
: R2 ^4 G! W4 I$ y7 | 54. Turning one’s back& o% J# ^0 U8 T6 b8 P
7 E- m6 \3 e5 _* r' V 6 G4 [* c' O& H+ b
: V$ [; W7 Z9 N: i: X) v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* n9 Q. Q% }( J" @% v7 T9 P( `) X
v% ?3 X- f3 J+ T6 x$ \
5 Z' H" P. p/ V+ T3 ^# \5 [- s, k9 L/ C& W3 d+ _& E
Ostracism of Persons
5 V" l! O2 \7 D0 N2 x) k 55. Social boycott
* r, P' W, N$ \3 ^ 56. Selective social boycott6 Y) h1 _, i% m8 s
57. Lysistratic nonaction' b+ j8 F7 B" i( T* z/ J, {
58. Excommunication+ k$ N$ V2 _/ a' N5 m7 Y. W
59. Interdict
, U% V# j l. a5 Q9 I+ `7 c! r# O7 C4 ]: d8 J' d; |% S w
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 }9 F* m1 l7 F" M8 x5 Q% ? 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ o) z0 _8 F* S/ _8 A 61. Boycott of social affairs8 Z/ ^9 H/ L' K5 ^; T
62. Student strike
5 d1 Q* e) _( V" v7 u 63. Social disobedience
# g- j0 _' [2 i8 S3 K" z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! N. F# c# T! ?5 n, a1 I
) w( O' ~2 z* f( n3 c/ bWithdrawal from the Social System
# j! v; d( Z0 C9 \8 B 65. Stay-at-home
# u3 @% f- s; v6 L 66. Total personal noncooperation
2 n4 G# r7 r; e& p4 F! y 67. “Flight” of workers. X, A5 S$ y- k
68. Sanctuary
. d/ ?) `( ]' M" z# ]% b 69. Collective disappearance }4 }$ z$ e( d! `$ N/ u# L
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
) S- Z: w* c( C) G u1 _4 j; C7 M
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k! |1 P4 c# Y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& [9 t5 L7 a8 ]! E" s* _& `; y
h5 p+ z$ |- v3 F * f1 k; J8 f0 D2 n
Actions by Consumers) @. N+ s# V' F! {0 n
71. Consumers’ boycott6 J" d& x/ D: f. }+ K7 [3 r: D
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 V: X8 I- I) H ^1 G" l
73. Policy of austerity
6 a$ q+ b+ m) v8 R3 W8 s6 S 74. Rent withholding9 G1 v& Y) y. q
75. Refusal to rent2 t/ }. K" A8 n
76. National consumers’ boycott, G# u; `* I9 p$ V
77. International consumers’ boycott: w! X' k" ^: ~ [* ^
! e. D k9 G! t2 j+ ^; hAction by Workers and Producers. f. Q2 O: t/ b1 t. V8 a: b, e! @# H
78. Workmen’s boycott
# i$ ]2 `* e0 I J6 U" d- t 79. Producers’ boycott
2 K d) C3 @4 i% Y1 \
5 ]' Q$ p$ L$ V3 {1 O% K0 dAction by Middlemen1 P6 f* u" k( P9 _( L! X8 N
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 C6 X: r* T9 P
% G t2 T, w) Z7 t1 A9 @, MAction by Owners and Management4 A- l, Y1 O8 j1 N2 V* g, e9 D; p
81. Traders’ boycott
! S$ U% A3 G" L& w' @ 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 A- R+ D0 ?" K& v) h$ x. N4 i
83. Lockout
: Y' j6 O1 E. z 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ ?$ M. ], V0 a9 T5 H 85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 _3 k0 c/ l# {5 D0 x1 [+ L* v
3 T9 N4 r2 U+ l; h2 {. i! U7 n9 a7 U' |Action by Holders of Financial Resources, {7 v; H2 \- N, ^5 M5 d0 S
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) F# S7 ^) X& T( U- g: ~5 q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 z% u3 W0 s- d5 J# T6 e, d( a
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- T5 t$ }5 y4 Y6 _" @
89. Severance of funds and credit: Y" y) L9 v. B2 _
90. Revenue refusal+ q" P' ]/ `8 N( u
91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 r# \6 A: n5 U
$ ]5 n5 {3 V% s1 f9 l" WAction by Governments
/ m( c$ a m4 Y6 M. l( p9 @ 92. Domestic embargo! T/ n! X% @7 h5 E
93. Blacklisting of traders
+ e% U1 m( e7 O' o) |/ [ 94. International sellers’ embargo
Z$ ]: J3 y: f/ Z( {$ _ 95. International buyers’ embargo
! O- @1 i' g( G. B6 h+ h 96. International trade embargo \) N2 Q2 ~: c, n/ H1 V) F9 b
5 D' q! k$ }) |
) U" @- B8 L# k5 z1 V1 z# A% q5 T% Y# a! p
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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) o" x; t) U: |0 B& J7 r, @2 }0 W aSymbolic Strikes
; i. h$ M u4 K! p3 j6 [" q, j* q 97. Protest strike5 K/ t1 R1 D2 t7 [$ f
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% }$ H; K, U* _ u
- U3 [5 x8 W, g( [* CAgricultural Strikes
: \/ A2 }: C2 c 99. Peasant strike r: x: \' r5 r2 H
100. Farm Workers’ strike z8 | U6 D! S2 u7 u3 O
. y0 O! T0 E& ]4 eStrikes by Special Groups( d' T4 |1 O# Z$ @
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 V; J+ h8 g* |5 M+ n; E9 N 102. Prisoners’ strike3 [1 F S3 J0 _ [
103. Craft strike+ c+ m5 `7 Z z7 D& P) s
104. Professional strike
$ m3 l# t5 h6 ], p4 o' K* j, `1 P; w
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
, A6 o+ |% B# ^1 p/ K4 o 105. Establishment strike* O7 G& \/ _* q5 L- K' F2 N
106. Industry strike
$ M) i& k$ _. t2 I 107. Sympathetic strike
; Y0 H. c; ^4 x3 s& B7 F- i+ F. K
; }& o& p3 M! Y: A' F! ]6 c, M$ n XRestricted Strikes& J; S0 g% P n3 r* ]: ~# g
108. Detailed strike' W) {9 s# |7 L: t7 X8 E" }" H8 v9 h
109. Bumper strike
: A+ S: {: u* M, W4 l 110. Slowdown strike
@4 u8 e# n5 G9 C' C 111. Working-to-rule strike D/ @7 a* I4 h7 b9 z" Y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. J0 w, D6 r0 t6 B' F& h. r 113. Strike by resignation: i( F* c9 S5 R$ [
114. Limited strike
3 g C2 U- c* O; O7 ?! \+ c 115. Selective strike% h4 j3 k1 z0 N0 }* C) R5 S
% l! X7 R0 p0 N0 q- H
Multi-Industry Strikes- j) w3 s$ V0 y& h9 N: F+ b
6 k! `& c# t8 Q5 E% \) u8 u0 V 116. Generalized strike
8 o1 x4 o" n: D6 L; {& M
! e0 Y2 h9 a. s a: g 117. General strike
* [( ?2 a) ~6 n8 i. q
# W1 v! s1 v2 d# `9 MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- l9 z' g# l! |
1 f) ]) C7 Z+ Q+ r8 p- `- N 118. Hartal- T/ t4 J3 `8 j% B5 _0 R
0 K1 X! z1 E, f0 r& e 119. Economic shutdown" ~3 I$ A. q& I, N! x. _" V0 m
2 d/ x0 s. v/ k7 u/ r" p, M) V
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5 p r5 j* o- u0 XTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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" E% |. ^0 u1 ?) J6 K4 m9 Z, zRejection of Authority
4 U( G* l) i# R, K+ O2 q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 a( Y5 r9 W, x1 M 121. Refusal of public support
: v& m! P$ D ^5 `0 L7 e+ v 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' z3 S% S6 Y$ b6 @7 P6 r( a" M& h* z
( Z2 n5 Y3 @% s2 K# L- _Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; `- G4 l* C! ^3 P w: R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) b# |& S! t5 a% ~, K \ 124. Boycott of elections
/ y, R/ a3 n; M1 G; P3 ^3 W 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" w- S) h! r3 S9 }7 w. o 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* {; V+ V% `. F* ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: j. f7 X7 s; @ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' ~( B0 \9 M/ K! E: K9 `. n
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, F0 y) c3 [# Q. c! f0 _ X 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 b( n4 C4 G: ~: d9 P
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 y C, G7 p) @, }3 ^) E8 Q5 n( w2 Z6 ^
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' c0 d6 j* }$ l. O5 y+ O2 Y) h; ^9 O+ T M5 s: U+ o, g2 c, t
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ s- I* e( [" F4 f- }9 ^
133. Reluctant and slow compliance& K: f2 {, h. e. R& J
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 V7 K/ U+ ?7 }
135. Popular nonobedience
% y/ I4 N9 p* _& j/ I" ^ 136. Disguised disobedience
( `8 |2 |- p, |( O/ v+ f. ^1 ]/ g3 z6 V 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 a/ U& \, s; r# m; ]/ O
138. Sitdown0 ^6 M& T( v& h4 ^: C! E) I0 G3 N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& ^% o" P; U1 W7 q2 V S
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ B, y r0 S! T) c( g- n. G% s
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 S7 e0 [* u$ s( a3 p# `+ j, p, G; N+ V
Action by Government Personnel7 z) q$ K2 S# @8 _' B& a1 [
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 g, R/ r! o) Z/ g7 S 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 J/ k9 {' K& [: _& H8 Q6 Y" H) {" G
144. Stalling and obstruction; h* ~6 X, } p
145. General administrative noncooperation$ S5 k" L7 r) _$ b/ ?- g
4 O& }9 ], y! \2 O e- ?8 ` 146. Judicial noncooperation
) \- |! P$ v, F3 \ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. V l7 G8 V, p- d0 W8 T2 p 148. Mutiny
8 G' l2 X7 x" W8 g. NDomestic Governmental Action
5 s! J' d- w$ H' L7 \( ~, \ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& _& u v( _8 |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( W* q) e6 d& _1 g! \
f& o% [: c1 q1 ~6 Z* L8 x# _/ m7 |International Governmental Action& C u+ h/ }' p0 d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& F5 \( m9 D: ]# z# _ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, w- ?: q% n: J% q5 K. O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 F& A( s5 \% k! [
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# P# ~ j" m! u7 Y' ~1 q% X 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 }- i$ [ F! c: g3 e1 i; \+ S1 W, `0 H 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 Z; D4 Q! O+ j 157. Expulsion from international organizations. l: p6 T! q2 b( a
# r. ~9 C: E6 G6 \
) p v/ J1 _: m/ d$ J4 K8 a3 z% |* I- o3 o; O4 F e; }2 v
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' e$ {/ i {0 D9 z! z( k; ?& [
) [# L3 U9 B% `% h% f9 I! v
. k, }; d- o- h( |Psychological Intervention
. l! t9 Q: k" U$ X! p: }8 X- X 158. Self-exposure to the elements- D" |5 z% E7 {3 o* v0 j
159. The fast& J8 ^# G, |# m; b2 b! N+ e; Z: g3 @
a) Fast of moral pressure
, q/ z% W C3 m, z$ M b) Hunger strike2 |2 Q- g3 s; q1 i
c) Satyagrahic fast
& p( h5 H0 F, ]7 i3 \ 160. Reverse trial
/ V6 Q4 [. K3 x, y9 b, [ 161. Nonviolent harassment# h+ `% }- A/ }5 P
Y7 I& ?+ S( e' F! S6 [% H) k
Physical Intervention0 B& A' J8 g( j" L! @" b7 Z
162. Sit-in
- k% \6 y& y6 t0 Z6 f 163. Stand-in( c$ K/ r3 i% c5 u* L
164. Ride-in
& W- {& ^) t: a 165. Wade-in* y j3 Y- j: Q+ @" ?& x
166. Mill-in' W3 u5 X+ S2 w% _& L% x0 [4 s
167. Pray-in) A# h7 ?' {5 {3 s$ Q- J4 p
168. Nonviolent raids
! x9 M3 G# r, ^- [8 d) B4 c 169. Nonviolent air raids
- X9 v% l' d- _: c1 R% I% M; F 170. Nonviolent invasion
8 o7 Q5 f( } t' W1 s 171. Nonviolent interjection+ o7 P {8 V8 }
172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 n; O0 O- A3 ^8 d1 E 173. Nonviolent occupation
4 Y+ ~0 o& N& J6 I2 o
8 F2 }4 T, S5 ^ D. g2 c) N9 f7 }Social Intervention
! |: q7 M5 O V6 y: v 174. Establishing new social patterns
7 r" H3 k- S3 F- M- P* e 175. Overloading of facilities
1 p" X2 v3 n& C 176. Stall-in
& Z% r3 i b$ t" |( M: m' {, H 177. Speak-in2 i4 t z7 t! S5 q8 w
178. Guerrilla theater+ n- \; k' y0 [$ D. v, p: a3 K+ U
179. Alternative social institutions
; b9 s) n5 D$ ?+ e 180. Alternative communication system
, m2 _7 j6 b* u T
8 e! \! i- {: o8 o+ o0 S2 {. {Economic Intervention
7 Z: p+ J9 z% a8 n4 _ 181. Reverse strike
+ U8 s! v$ G& K# R% q; H& S 182. Stay-in strike( {( b" F& G# y U3 x8 J
183. Nonviolent land seizure5 V5 p! A& Y5 S
184. Defiance of blockades- p# z9 c7 N% j4 X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& Q$ O( ?6 V$ o4 @' P8 q 186. Preclusive purchasing
( O V% O L5 f 187. Seizure of assets" [5 h) h0 E" q- y( ]0 a% [
188. Dumping
, @1 j& ?3 r5 K) M. B$ } 189. Selective patronage
' D$ l0 m% N- y, l6 u' b" v+ C4 o 190. Alternative markets. e: O6 A6 [" h, E- a1 t/ n
191. Alternative transportation systems
# m) D* F4 w4 y8 o 192. Alternative economic institutions
/ c4 c+ a& ^8 B1 O; ]3 w
8 |. d* y ^7 N# C- Z$ X4 d6 o1 tPolitical Intervention8 @; O3 V! ^$ E
193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 M$ E" x5 P) g" i v; D 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 l" i9 y! Q. F) b {) T) C" w ~
195. Seeking imprisonment
. d1 q E- p2 J, W. a: x/ w- |9 v 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 o; _& ~9 [) A0 `1 b6 l1 z2 b
197. Work-on without collaboration* d: ?& A/ q" O6 m
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 t! d/ v, s* f, u r+ `3 z9 V
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
