 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( n$ b: t$ H( L R) ]7 f# C4 A6 VFormal Statements
: \6 V7 \3 S3 q! }8 L* J 1. Public Speeches) I9 e N% v$ U% m; j5 f
2. Letters of opposition or support
; S1 {4 w- V5 k" G U" Z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
) l6 ]& S6 h z+ X6 O 4. Signed public statements9 E, B4 h5 N( w) C8 H" G
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 ^' Z8 V7 n8 h 6. Group or mass petitions- y2 U& `' M0 ]# c! C
" X7 P1 c7 k+ A+ O
Communications with a Wider Audience5 R" \& V1 T! \* M6 _6 e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 X4 R: |, l! A) x
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ y! ]' ^3 \- O
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) N' n P/ H6 D; P
10. Newspapers and journals |; }' J" ?' B+ t% f2 `3 U" q
11. Records, radio, and television
; @ C3 x3 ?' K. `6 I 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
, }- H1 k- Y2 C: ?' i
4 R1 l% |% R# V5 |: RGroup Representations
( ]( E* a3 t W/ C- ~ 13. Deputations& M: x1 v) L4 U6 z
14. Mock awards2 S1 x& f2 Q, W
15. Group lobbying, _8 H; i' \! p. O0 W
16. Picketing2 X2 J. ^" x' w- @3 `! j2 i# n
17. Mock elections
# r) ]# F3 y J' i2 {) Z+ ~% Q/ q' Z6 S/ E( Q
Symbolic Public Acts
/ L6 ?, z8 W( {1 X5 A: h 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ b$ M2 c, W5 G' z7 x, n: K
19. Wearing of symbols6 S1 D, ? v# H3 F4 u
20. Prayer and worship
2 @/ d& w/ }+ [6 A3 Z& @3 Z6 Z 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 d# _/ J3 ~% i- N5 S 22. Protest disrobings# r# z; L2 R' J2 b1 A! ?9 Z! i
23. Destruction of own property }& E8 h% i' O. Y0 h1 Y( L
24. Symbolic lights
4 J! h4 \7 i2 @5 d# L 25. Displays of portraits# j5 i/ w% j6 Y& \& {6 t. \ w9 Z
26. Paint as protest
( |, H* ~4 V8 l+ {5 n7 I* h 27. New signs and names
! B# x4 n1 T. d M3 V 28. Symbolic sounds7 f( Z2 K) F/ J: {) V3 M/ ~
29. Symbolic reclamations
+ C: A( L9 G& [# b 30. Rude gestures
6 D+ y8 a* ~) U6 w; @( \& d8 k1 A, d5 t1 Y8 h8 z0 M( a
Pressures on Individuals/ G c9 h* \, }( Q9 o4 I0 s' g
31. “Haunting” officials
9 B& p0 r, U7 r& x# S C# v 32. Taunting officials
2 d# z$ Z) Q% y( { 33. Fraternization
% G p% T& H: \6 v& E. } 34. Vigils
+ `$ L) d ~/ ]1 }" p2 ~. l4 a
! B P0 S" T: Z6 \Drama and Music* E, X( C8 I5 l' x
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 K$ N- A5 v: w; e. a3 h9 U
36. Performances of plays and music: y( M. X5 b; f) r! \
37. Singing
$ w8 a1 a2 s+ b9 D7 D2 s
0 h6 D8 l2 D2 u* P! S7 gProcessions
: N0 w5 y4 ~, w% B+ U* K 38. Marches7 o; L" | j5 l; r( z) z- ~+ m5 v
39. Parades' b3 r1 C! b* z
40. Religious processions5 v. v2 p/ }1 p" M
41. Pilgrimages; b% j9 n8 H( u4 q, }' z/ ~- M
42. Motorcades
# k M, d4 d' B5 c7 g9 o2 e0 n! n$ i5 Y+ r: h
Honoring the Dead
$ H# R) D6 |, w! g* X. R% z 43. Political mourning
# x( X' A$ L; Q/ n0 v! W( I 44. Mock funerals
+ B% F- f s, ~( _4 w) R7 [) j 45. Demonstrative funerals
! z$ A; t9 K7 v4 ? 46. Homage at burial places
0 `) f1 `; T2 F- l" \7 A2 x; q3 I
& F7 U ]& M5 \! m) {Public Assemblies
% v K5 d6 e- r" S% M 47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 V# |2 B$ H5 @6 x9 \5 z 48. Protest meetings3 n' z1 w' R [% ~7 o. |8 K
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 K4 b% I o5 } 50. Teach-ins
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0 o9 ]6 U. b0 lWithdrawal and Renunciation
+ d' V4 r" ] ]1 `! P# j 51. Walk-outs. ~+ x8 s H' C% Z3 d
52. Silence! {7 s( y' b% q2 V6 A' h8 G
53. Renouncing honors
! ], g9 j3 l! U$ I6 }' W% T 54. Turning one’s back- S1 w; x& o! F3 G
5 |' |4 [ c) y6 V ; s; T! P% ^1 `6 m* _% O# b+ K
2 q' z" P* B( J6 |/ U& ATHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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; N4 f* ?9 F# I* I# O2 @ 5 e, n9 c8 H/ O; |$ s
( J c x* u4 z; u
Ostracism of Persons- L& _6 r) C! X
55. Social boycott+ H2 v4 G" _3 b0 r r; i$ s
56. Selective social boycott
# V/ `( r, E8 D' q 57. Lysistratic nonaction
( Y2 D8 f, D& I$ t 58. Excommunication: x; X) t: H ?$ d3 l; Z
59. Interdict) c/ C7 \: Z9 ^1 v8 h. E
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" D2 @3 p# j( Y8 c6 k
60. Suspension of social and sports activities. |6 Y* @$ ?& H# L$ P
61. Boycott of social affairs/ z2 Q: w. X+ h
62. Student strike. c, f! t$ t; c
63. Social disobedience
8 X% Z! u$ v" r% ?1 g/ t) ?3 v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* l. G/ c) u* p3 `! o
" @0 v4 ~/ ?! \5 V# OWithdrawal from the Social System
u5 W6 O- K/ R4 p9 b- w7 B) I 65. Stay-at-home
2 W3 Z A. v( H8 y5 A/ } 66. Total personal noncooperation3 ]; T0 s$ E% l7 E y% s
67. “Flight” of workers
# z" M9 u; d. A- p" y$ ~4 j: ] 68. Sanctuary# ]9 ~1 Q9 C* S. z( ~7 O' O
69. Collective disappearance. r& m9 V. S/ h/ v- p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; h8 l) m8 _% D8 _0 a1 _ y9 H# [" b
) x, Q+ u0 M P( Q0 z. } q+ UActions by Consumers
3 x' q4 P5 J" ]; Q* M. k& L _ 71. Consumers’ boycott, D, [0 A2 q- s$ C5 C& V: E
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: |+ ^3 T, W. I8 z0 d/ Y 73. Policy of austerity
( t+ E# H J9 s 74. Rent withholding, J8 y9 d1 w) T, ?, X4 M
75. Refusal to rent
4 s, y3 s% }! i$ y 76. National consumers’ boycott
$ N. ^1 E* @& O% h; ~: ^ 77. International consumers’ boycott
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( O) X6 C4 W, h H- ?3 DAction by Workers and Producers; f: t7 g0 s" v- o; j& u$ F V
78. Workmen’s boycott' v( s5 `! g+ t
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen) \/ [/ g$ f3 c; f
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
8 ^7 i6 n- \1 ^! `9 J0 i
) Y% J& h- I4 w* ]Action by Owners and Management/ s7 {' |& ]& {
81. Traders’ boycott
0 B+ `$ h& H' H3 d 82. Refusal to let or sell property
E* I2 f, h5 S7 u# D) i ^ 83. Lockout
' u0 e5 m1 i) m( C" \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& R5 a4 A% m5 n/ M$ |6 ?9 k0 P 85. Merchants’ “general strike”" [: J4 _- c9 x- z5 h! d% R b
) ~( C* m) L' y3 r0 d8 S' S
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
A6 S9 S* G! G+ }1 @9 v 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ a- w( w" a' F5 C( t/ ]/ A
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, c9 ], u; w9 }: j* N0 i. v 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. ?$ v- E4 S5 ]4 a# ~
89. Severance of funds and credit+ ?) I' E% R2 h) h, G# i/ O" w
90. Revenue refusal
; X3 [, c. Y- u; c( n. f 91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 c; h' N3 T! J( @+ W" ^) [6 c8 G4 b* ]3 H* y' T# H
Action by Governments
: v0 K. X6 Q2 ?/ Q 92. Domestic embargo
9 b3 [ A3 m2 g" e9 g; R 93. Blacklisting of traders- r4 r& x# w4 n. d$ N" i
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 } V! D |: K1 f7 \" ~1 l% [" S 95. International buyers’ embargo |. n9 A" g& ~9 S
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: R, I1 M. E) q+ y4 G
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$ \6 c P p- W/ {! c1 RSymbolic Strikes8 |1 g1 E: `7 W( `6 E3 c& L
97. Protest strike! y% Y+ B4 ]$ }# C
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ q' n: p: S$ A- l3 j
% y9 D) a0 m8 y8 Y+ L. D5 rAgricultural Strikes
" s1 O% t, L" E: W4 @: x 99. Peasant strike
: _* w$ p# g; s+ K s 100. Farm Workers’ strike
- X4 A; N" u' {4 W2 W1 c' S7 ` x
g9 ^$ A+ ^9 `; |3 {" cStrikes by Special Groups
6 w5 n: w7 p) Z) w9 m 101. Refusal of impressed labor
# V* [0 X* `) t3 ], ~9 m2 x& \ 102. Prisoners’ strike
, n0 R/ H. q' C# k 103. Craft strike
+ Z' \. z, t6 I 104. Professional strike
+ m: ~# x& R3 x+ U$ I0 c4 d% R& D) L$ V) X& t$ {; b. B3 i' ]
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' B/ R" y" S9 ~3 i$ W1 I6 k$ u 105. Establishment strike+ ^ X/ x* f( S! Y
106. Industry strike
; g4 v& x8 @, G- \ 107. Sympathetic strike* L1 w, P& I5 z) b# P
% _# H0 N! O) }9 S$ n' K
Restricted Strikes
/ A5 Z C* H/ \ 108. Detailed strike
" e+ f, o# y; C8 U$ k2 F9 { 109. Bumper strike6 h3 h, k% D3 U! u: v' H% d% L4 {
110. Slowdown strike) W6 }: Z( d4 Y& y8 r
111. Working-to-rule strike) ?7 U) P2 `; ~3 ?$ N4 m8 `
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; w* B; ]; n: r4 j! a 113. Strike by resignation2 W! W# u( C# q( {# T
114. Limited strike
1 O% _ Z3 R9 w$ D; e& \: Y 115. Selective strike
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8 |/ z' [) I" R. \( MMulti-Industry Strikes2 q9 |. e: O7 z- C/ x
u; z7 m& |/ N7 I4 o
116. Generalized strike
% z( H: f1 c- l/ A3 t
9 Y4 c6 ?. o) D2 f8 f8 p5 \% f 117. General strike
B0 Q4 y+ c9 ]) B J+ B" R1 L( i) C/ B
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 z# D- H2 W& v& j
7 Q" \( q. {8 T' f' |! v0 f
118. Hartal8 f% k& j9 N# g! e
, \( |) K" T# C: A9 Y 119. Economic shutdown+ h" d) E3 Q" U% O Y. Q l
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5 z9 C' S1 y! ]
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 e6 u% ^0 s. m/ B
9 d8 l$ w: ^% n ^
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Rejection of Authority- A& p3 T' J: E0 N* i2 Q2 k$ T6 P
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; t$ `, ]* F) m; s: j- G9 D$ s 121. Refusal of public support
' O: H! ~1 J- Z+ f/ v$ K* W0 I 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. p: C& ^, T0 a" R$ `) j6 f. X* |: r" R9 C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government: }1 T- \" w7 Y5 D, h5 f3 J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 t9 j* k4 X6 E* j7 C, _& R 124. Boycott of elections
9 |" r. ~9 n- t3 q6 e$ q; e$ X" s 125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 n! I6 `6 Y- l1 _6 c, O( C
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( m0 T: ?* B3 I- G- J
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% _+ M) E6 \9 L- W/ U" e0 B8 S
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ l& j, t: o. Y5 J6 o' q: a& K
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ L: ^$ ^3 e7 Q; l4 {5 }9 c
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- ]/ E5 F. c" S# \ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ v6 W9 v# u$ L0 _ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 z- V' a$ |1 u4 I" J
8 x2 j/ n7 A: U" F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience. @/ m7 L3 }4 M2 k( j# G( f
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* d1 {" I. W4 c$ ~# J9 s% b
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" `' R0 {* _! N$ D# i. z$ ^ 135. Popular nonobedience
; v1 W* h6 u0 u6 `% L/ V! w1 Q 136. Disguised disobedience% z( b3 f6 g) |: S, d% \# a
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" x5 d0 [* B& v
138. Sitdown
8 h' k! w: ^: F5 O* T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! J8 K Y$ A) `" _3 T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 y! Y9 s! a' J. `* c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& m5 e% B" b2 ]0 G. ?! A/ H1 @
7 z! E; b Q/ a2 A, hAction by Government Personnel0 C- k6 Y. U, m$ ]0 W- G' N
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! }( M+ d; J4 P, J: P 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, [7 B& w$ k& h 144. Stalling and obstruction8 b2 w2 o: t& w% s
145. General administrative noncooperation
- J6 X T' v: b; J7 x( [+ h- V- c" ?% a$ z. V* F/ Z7 y4 k
146. Judicial noncooperation
/ G$ H1 e% a: L x+ s 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 w, n6 O; Y5 d* p% t7 S. J 148. Mutiny
0 F6 }: L' D J* m0 R/ |( bDomestic Governmental Action2 A4 N) j/ h& _
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 z* P& k: G+ F1 p) n4 p
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! C0 X1 Z$ u) a: z4 T
* |0 B( K3 Z' }9 s# d* DInternational Governmental Action7 B* f) s2 y5 k7 n
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 m9 {9 \4 r3 A# t7 t
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: J/ z9 i( d4 s- K+ m
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 D' V/ W4 P9 Y! ?! o 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 s8 G2 A: l7 x5 F( K" l 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
0 Q/ a# @6 S# R% W3 A, X- @ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 `1 L/ X* ?* x5 F 157. Expulsion from international organizations0 b5 j5 j( N# g( @+ f3 r
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5 E- \3 C4 {/ T2 m, ^4 p8 BTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ |5 R4 R, Q" q$ J$ p
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Psychological Intervention8 M) q* K% U$ o
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 Z; h! H' s4 F: M& U 159. The fast
- A: ~- y% T+ ? a) Fast of moral pressure8 I R0 d4 H9 g! h! D
b) Hunger strike
$ I- _' m q) N' S9 Z* m" m4 @ c) Satyagrahic fast3 R* h' c2 [$ P6 v+ y
160. Reverse trial
1 \- W; [( {, | g 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ ?- ~2 Y x" x0 I! x
% @( e; O0 t1 j9 |+ y, g. lPhysical Intervention& I [6 _$ s" O) |" X! j
162. Sit-in/ F7 k3 y- r6 ^
163. Stand-in
# v/ F& L1 b" N 164. Ride-in( D- N& n% A- Q5 i$ [
165. Wade-in
. a2 O1 ]8 T: F4 D3 ^8 \) Y3 T3 e: `5 W 166. Mill-in/ Q* j$ c. F! g: k" W' w5 r
167. Pray-in
1 U; i2 A7 c( C% {+ U- k6 D& U1 Y 168. Nonviolent raids) |* W& q+ u; S/ k; x: `
169. Nonviolent air raids
* Z) \' M* M6 Q# Z8 v& t1 O& T$ p 170. Nonviolent invasion
- W8 j, \+ x7 u5 W6 T 171. Nonviolent interjection, R3 M9 Y. X" @0 ` a2 N# R5 T3 Z
172. Nonviolent obstruction: H3 T5 P: V. e% ]
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention4 Q' ]' h& t( l* \* ?1 J+ p2 D! ?
174. Establishing new social patterns
& S+ N. P/ G6 b3 K* r; P5 ]2 w 175. Overloading of facilities
7 L9 a* ~5 b' w0 S6 N( k' [ 176. Stall-in
* J- j& Y1 F3 W! R- D8 _ 177. Speak-in* a1 t/ _6 H; u
178. Guerrilla theater
" N. L0 R7 ]7 @7 ~ 179. Alternative social institutions N+ K$ S4 @/ v7 R
180. Alternative communication system
. \+ b2 |2 U* ^7 m2 z8 y8 |$ z4 T' b+ V# G3 K# H, x* O0 X: M4 `# k' i
Economic Intervention
1 e- i# R! r# @8 F5 A: A: f 181. Reverse strike4 h- f# B; o$ u& z% a+ {3 M
182. Stay-in strike
9 \2 [; l6 U) g) c# H 183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 h( Y, R1 E+ S+ P1 [ 184. Defiance of blockades
9 W h( Y% F; g3 B 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 |" `* q1 I9 k; C1 ?, g) x
186. Preclusive purchasing
# {% ~: I/ O* l: E7 O 187. Seizure of assets
3 P+ Y8 r$ A% K% a1 [ 188. Dumping
* i$ t/ U) ~ ]0 a% u 189. Selective patronage
; E! T" B' L2 u, C& ?. U N* f7 n! M 190. Alternative markets* S( r! {* S* c Y1 I
191. Alternative transportation systems
2 w- U0 z) R: c6 u. z 192. Alternative economic institutions7 c$ {" V7 W; ?; c* o$ O8 D
+ t% Q5 l: m% A# M
Political Intervention
Q) P9 q" \% l 193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ Z/ T+ L2 X# t' f) r9 e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 y, D7 C! v/ w% }$ @
195. Seeking imprisonment
; E E& f& H v 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, X! H9 H$ O/ R! S
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 K9 H6 W8 I' a @" | 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
