 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' o' u7 x- N- Z5 l& R& i/ HFormal Statements' C# \9 f% y1 l! L5 e
1. Public Speeches2 g h( t" A, C$ h4 q& \
2. Letters of opposition or support) n% L1 s' W* k
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
2 H9 B b* c2 L5 c8 b* t 4. Signed public statements$ [& e7 \; W6 @
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, {, j$ {. v/ a+ \1 x8 k
6. Group or mass petitions
: G4 |$ u% W3 s4 [- u
; X9 f1 a s6 S$ ^Communications with a Wider Audience
3 u7 }+ s2 c, r3 E" b 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) S, T: k3 ]$ {# @3 ^! s+ {
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) O2 k, ]8 k8 Y( h7 _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books- `2 s9 g- m- \8 i2 A( [
10. Newspapers and journals9 D& y+ k' g5 w
11. Records, radio, and television9 \" g( r! {& S1 T8 [& d; g
12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 i# D. q% u" c4 t( M9 O4 p4 N
- O5 J) H3 w3 \1 X/ X. }, I
Group Representations3 I' `7 W3 w3 A+ g8 S& S9 g
13. Deputations7 H9 Z {( ~8 {6 U
14. Mock awards1 i0 @' e, K1 m6 q6 S- E% Y
15. Group lobbying0 F% x, j2 Y, H( l
16. Picketing+ I# o- s& Y# Y/ X) I, V" e
17. Mock elections
% Y7 f! H: a5 }7 V' d& t
7 E9 j! U2 t( T$ ASymbolic Public Acts
" t! b+ R" g7 L6 N; Z# Q7 \8 C# p( i 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* i6 }/ G0 v9 H0 U: Q# H 19. Wearing of symbols6 D8 h: N5 ~6 N2 z
20. Prayer and worship! l' _0 H7 m- B' \5 E0 }3 f
21. Delivering symbolic objects9 ?- S# X2 U: d' e
22. Protest disrobings7 l5 `+ v% F2 `: |+ ~2 L
23. Destruction of own property
# C( T* a* }. _6 F" k# d 24. Symbolic lights
4 O' _. `5 x5 _; l2 F 25. Displays of portraits
1 f7 u0 S; y* s4 o+ D2 r( Z& C 26. Paint as protest
0 Z3 T0 R5 h" ^' I, g7 E 27. New signs and names5 j& x: B+ ^4 E+ Z& \. a$ n
28. Symbolic sounds0 ~2 v% h+ c, r6 e5 w
29. Symbolic reclamations
0 J0 m+ s# o+ O 30. Rude gestures
; Y5 \0 a/ c {+ j& @
, e/ ~% Z5 M% [" F8 OPressures on Individuals! K9 n' d5 x/ T5 \$ Y
31. “Haunting” officials
" Q1 M! I0 l' G7 R* o ]2 S% d3 w 32. Taunting officials
8 t, v& \/ ]# M7 s6 [+ _+ Y$ x 33. Fraternization2 l4 I) y: @, S7 y
34. Vigils
K0 D! [& a0 Q2 N( @. l
; O/ {3 C9 L% z" cDrama and Music
$ `+ l& y) F9 b: F0 I2 h 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* q" E2 T6 ?3 I) U0 U 36. Performances of plays and music
: L5 F. s6 F' R' c7 q, S3 y 37. Singing1 m' Q: v8 J* E; o3 X' k; P
7 e$ y3 E1 Y5 {2 ~0 T# z9 fProcessions2 l* l5 \3 Y' |7 ^
38. Marches8 M9 I4 Y2 I* l6 f, t
39. Parades. A+ X! E" D p2 ]8 @
40. Religious processions
2 s4 l; ~& J2 f 41. Pilgrimages- y0 c( c5 } O! e( T2 V' Q$ Y/ A
42. Motorcades8 b5 i* M/ C" A3 l
+ b. q' F; ?8 r4 i: g$ {: sHonoring the Dead: @1 M" h% U, v$ [0 C
43. Political mourning. Q; I; E/ g' T: K9 T% a2 v
44. Mock funerals, u- k& {3 Y- P+ |+ I2 u
45. Demonstrative funerals
1 ~! F: C6 K; a) A U 46. Homage at burial places) f8 H' K5 j9 P# a% Y$ _, V5 g' J
8 o9 j9 T! W) K2 Q. p0 V
Public Assemblies
. a& `6 K# e7 w: ^ 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 F! v: E: H. p
48. Protest meetings' M1 ~( [. S. Q% g
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& \6 K! G, M2 G$ c4 R' c5 B: j 50. Teach-ins
2 Q. ]8 T+ R) }+ I6 w- }# r
, d' b) N5 O: y4 ~6 R+ RWithdrawal and Renunciation! H" | P/ j, q/ u0 I* Z
51. Walk-outs* i! V8 c( W! Y! }* B u
52. Silence
% ~$ D2 _; R/ M# v o8 { 53. Renouncing honors, I( V" k4 l1 M- \( Y- L
54. Turning one’s back0 D: ?( x: x" L, G9 j
& ~: I7 l- g6 K8 L# h
* F9 }+ i! x# ?0 |2 H
( F8 H" s' T" m1 |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. i$ Z2 K; \( C$ a4 v9 D
: c" G: R* n8 b# q$ H
. \! u1 `' O! D: `9 r; ^9 c- G+ w8 X: S0 W& M' M* {
Ostracism of Persons* M% ]8 M5 R, q4 l
55. Social boycott
z K% h$ ^% l 56. Selective social boycott, Y4 j$ n8 ?% H H) W4 R' {
57. Lysistratic nonaction3 e, D" _% Q- I& D
58. Excommunication
6 |& H6 T P* n& V# f0 g 59. Interdict* g( {# M) C; E) g' d6 Z* D4 S( T
7 L' g. B9 m! j: v$ mNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 C( R/ v" u' E 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: b4 u+ m4 G: E" r' }4 z' i 61. Boycott of social affairs
# {) U) @1 ^+ e) z 62. Student strike
9 P, Z+ m7 Z4 B N' l, O 63. Social disobedience
6 a! V2 W0 S8 h% S: }2 T 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 B" N# F3 J$ u8 |, Q7 G9 q' e* R, k x$ E+ N; `
Withdrawal from the Social System+ n) I2 E2 X; t) d
65. Stay-at-home
; `. N$ S8 } `- R3 f. L 66. Total personal noncooperation" T* R7 E4 r, H& n% ^ t
67. “Flight” of workers
6 g4 y! s/ L/ q3 _, W5 g: D: `, s 68. Sanctuary
* Z" m5 P! t1 r$ q 69. Collective disappearance9 o4 A1 n4 Q5 V1 a( q4 R
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ h# r) t+ Y' |' q! B
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& [: a& e2 D) h1 U* T3 d) O! q, }$ A& ` s4 E% v* r# t% j
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 ]% |$ X( x& f
% H0 F: M) m G
) ^5 h& y, p4 s0 J, u2 tActions by Consumers
; U3 N$ e6 S/ v F: l3 C* r! W 71. Consumers’ boycott
& R; N& z) I1 o) U8 ^' V$ E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ u3 y1 n% d7 [" k 73. Policy of austerity
( S1 B0 B W, { 74. Rent withholding
% i4 l/ I4 A! N: h6 I# f 75. Refusal to rent0 A, d7 E; H* o' {
76. National consumers’ boycott
& q, e9 q" o3 p2 `/ R& ^* c$ q4 V# T, b 77. International consumers’ boycott
v) U* b! Z0 V9 G- T1 ~4 q8 ?3 ~/ T' c
Action by Workers and Producers
9 ~! P5 y' n2 ~. g" } 78. Workmen’s boycott2 E. ~% Q! Y0 d1 v& L
79. Producers’ boycott, O' c( u1 F. S+ g. D4 n* F
$ ]4 K6 ~7 M9 R5 a! cAction by Middlemen
9 }* T# R7 j3 X5 T 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! U- M# r5 U1 W9 R/ _
7 S$ K. U) m4 oAction by Owners and Management
6 ~- s- E+ e# U5 n* J z8 K 81. Traders’ boycott
\) r" u, D% p# c. M 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" B+ c. R5 {5 ]5 @/ z 83. Lockout
P3 k ~* A. H- b9 |( G% I 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, l& V* m4 k0 l4 A1 v& F$ m8 M 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' H. y0 u" ?; S+ e! A
* V; ]9 J d2 G3 ~' \) s CAction by Holders of Financial Resources% `7 J! D4 v- \2 F6 \0 S
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# Y F! l2 _# @5 x8 m 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 `7 ^, F3 A: z9 i9 G% J 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" i3 ~* B( F. K8 F9 r
89. Severance of funds and credit8 _: m2 d( n# y; P! D1 `6 ]
90. Revenue refusal2 ?$ O& a: C3 g
91. Refusal of a government’s money- s3 r5 G4 u) t0 x7 O1 U* u9 @& Y
{: F) C) H, `% a
Action by Governments
8 q9 T, i& X5 } 92. Domestic embargo
4 e' H+ h8 l0 ?; A L! t 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ L U# [. N. t& Q4 Y) k/ R I' C C 94. International sellers’ embargo0 @6 j1 x5 @; E) Q
95. International buyers’ embargo+ M; v, H+ ^. B- a; ~9 N4 `
96. International trade embargo
+ O0 t( _! P) e$ c# o/ I% c* M1 Y7 |. g8 I1 l& ~
9 E- X) F% s$ [6 v: q
; m, N& H) C6 Q, D& hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. R5 D3 L q w# n1 v) M J5 z9 h0 d
2 h8 X/ Z3 {, X: r# H( u1 ~Symbolic Strikes- R: _4 S9 a+ G, h& }7 `
97. Protest strike
3 g0 ~2 b1 `8 {, A# b$ Z4 V8 S 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) X* u V! X. F' q4 D: p7 R) n0 F
. A3 o4 _9 C9 |+ v2 A+ H/ I5 H ^% @Agricultural Strikes
5 J: y* e. g9 E( l# k5 p7 x! w3 K 99. Peasant strike N$ o# {& `$ `6 N
100. Farm Workers’ strike1 H" W, R8 K0 b7 Z+ A" n6 x
8 ]) U7 H# F! F4 x4 n ~9 I
Strikes by Special Groups3 B6 [# a# T) o7 |8 P
101. Refusal of impressed labor4 {6 B/ Y$ d6 c
102. Prisoners’ strike
; B+ }8 P7 ]8 t# M/ l- ] 103. Craft strike
9 w$ e b$ N5 M" Q& e 104. Professional strike
2 s/ V! ]3 u. j, B6 e
8 z6 }, D2 I4 E) D6 zOrdinary Industrial Strikes
- k& b# r% Y" r* K( |' Y 105. Establishment strike
" u; V, ]' d7 }1 b' e 106. Industry strike9 I. u6 @. p8 c; ~
107. Sympathetic strike0 _) I" J) S6 S: ?$ I A! j4 J# Z
' g$ D. U7 }5 I4 BRestricted Strikes6 @, D+ w! o7 U. k1 f
108. Detailed strike: ^' K5 K' y8 y* b* n; P
109. Bumper strike7 Q" j) m' K2 b% R: o* C2 j' v
110. Slowdown strike
3 b+ z4 d9 K4 j7 ^9 W5 y* h8 G/ j 111. Working-to-rule strike
0 L1 p6 W3 {3 W" K5 r+ { 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# p M) q! V' j# w# m 113. Strike by resignation
" r; S9 Z _9 G3 w 114. Limited strike
8 |1 M% M" Y! P ~/ `6 D+ I 115. Selective strike. @4 `+ M. @! L
. g. V! a5 L+ r, K$ QMulti-Industry Strikes
% R5 B; I- p. x& i
! l; o' ?9 \/ ^8 D+ o 116. Generalized strike
( D% h2 W& I2 o: A
. ^& j! C( a. Z3 ?0 ~: e( | 117. General strike/ Q9 ?" a4 |7 p {
, I# P9 \+ l5 D6 Z F! b
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 @4 U, {0 x) D1 P Z
6 I- ^; \1 @0 ? 118. Hartal$ s' w2 J8 a5 M. \' ~
9 U. X1 F% f3 c) y+ d( g
119. Economic shutdown4 {4 u' }9 [& k, h6 H% g1 M
3 J( F; N9 y3 C) n/ J; G
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
2 e' K2 z- O% Q* t! ^4 ]4 B7 L8 m" O/ c8 ^2 d
0 Q" M; P! E. e' {4 _Rejection of Authority5 e4 P8 s! g) d, d
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ i- L1 s. h5 e8 F1 H6 c, s; |3 ?
121. Refusal of public support. o& `8 B! s6 t8 P) f
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: J0 V# L7 A; C! I+ Q7 ^2 ?/ `" a" K& J; c
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 r, e3 C+ p6 x! d$ d O2 w0 y+ U; Q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 w- [ V7 }( V1 N. u* k# Y
124. Boycott of elections; J- v+ ?! q& H9 E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 O6 J4 g( \, R3 f0 x2 s( k 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 U' G4 M1 ]* l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 r' n& w. }( K' d+ M4 t) f# p
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 u4 T* v& S' ?, [; P 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 Q& K4 ]! k& o' F- P1 X g! T4 A
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& ^$ d' K2 Y8 K
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* k, o- s* E0 Z4 ^
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 `' c9 Z: b, |
7 s5 d" o% `. O+ _/ X* ]- D
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 H: c& k* s" `% ?7 e
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; l" [: n1 z) i' J& d
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: i }+ ~, S% t; f2 I+ c9 K 135. Popular nonobedience
( l' V2 u ? k! y 136. Disguised disobedience7 R0 M5 U5 U6 o) l" W. Q) F
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 O k! O J" P P6 v4 R6 h3 J
138. Sitdown
* m0 d7 ~% \( `6 M5 s" a# ] 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" Y$ u8 r, w: i: w/ H
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 T2 c/ A" A+ } @ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ r% Y3 ]; Z6 A0 `" v, }# w1 ~! A9 }/ \& {1 ]' }3 H
Action by Government Personnel, n8 `8 _5 K& V+ m/ g! v
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
r. x+ w# H1 c' L7 k 143. Blocking of lines of command and information; p B; m/ l0 t; v: K5 W
144. Stalling and obstruction
; |7 T; Z0 R3 ^# {+ Z6 G 145. General administrative noncooperation
3 r0 p! d) m: P" x. q7 _
" f# x! e8 [1 J5 r 146. Judicial noncooperation
! ?1 k6 t0 h" F6 T, ?6 r 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# g" p$ Y# {7 ]/ [2 x: f6 }
148. Mutiny
" k( [% v8 W5 y+ EDomestic Governmental Action) P) }$ s' I% j1 u
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" u+ E+ D2 o8 |1 ~8 ?
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# e9 `* l% @: T' a
N9 }6 ^3 f; o8 }* j- w
International Governmental Action
7 L* s2 o) |2 ~8 y( y8 Z* L 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% x P9 a7 Y, I( J 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ P5 i) i0 ]5 t% v' l8 a, ~" P
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% }/ P) d! V, [* M
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 P, V/ k( Z" [ L! g 155. Withdrawal from international organizations- @" Z# w7 n) X: M$ M5 o3 W' V
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 V5 j2 y4 x# [) M
157. Expulsion from international organizations( t+ z$ D* |, y2 f: e
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6 }7 W/ Q7 z4 k+ iTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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0 E2 R& ^; V- q4 B; D
Psychological Intervention* h; [ ]) @9 Q' }, A
158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 @1 `2 o) d& V; B' U' N 159. The fast$ @' g* ~' b; W% r; e, F
a) Fast of moral pressure
; I6 J' x1 k5 k ` b) Hunger strike6 o# b7 e1 X+ j/ V, D, H
c) Satyagrahic fast
6 Z2 g* G+ A& A# E! k. p1 J: p+ `5 ? 160. Reverse trial( ~% K$ L: b$ C* r9 p- @4 o
161. Nonviolent harassment
0 r7 M; F! o7 w6 r
6 ]' P; T; `6 a7 }8 n# k" l1 nPhysical Intervention p% v7 q5 V1 B5 e+ Z" u: D
162. Sit-in* p2 W4 R7 g/ |% a& `
163. Stand-in7 R4 N: ~1 W( ~' m5 E
164. Ride-in
4 @7 P: v/ v x( j$ p 165. Wade-in
; S2 J4 a0 m2 @$ D- Y p+ p 166. Mill-in
% f7 o% `% i4 b& G4 T9 H 167. Pray-in- C2 H8 ^0 i6 Z9 i( \8 t2 D3 N
168. Nonviolent raids1 |2 M1 c1 K$ q, m, G2 I2 \
169. Nonviolent air raids
* \& \6 i8 N* e! P7 { \' u3 ~ 170. Nonviolent invasion
1 r& \% H% ]; p 171. Nonviolent interjection3 S: G. b" H: ]# s; W, Z" X( |
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 n) y) j: B$ k+ ^
173. Nonviolent occupation& @2 J% S4 q5 T+ s) O
8 P$ l' b/ V! Y3 g) @, jSocial Intervention( W. `2 U& ?0 P* T
174. Establishing new social patterns7 c5 c0 y4 k. ^4 M& E/ L
175. Overloading of facilities
1 y% J. F' q% ~1 z/ Q% F 176. Stall-in9 H# a; n# u$ g ]4 c, ?! l
177. Speak-in/ O, G$ _" b" ~, e. a+ d; ]
178. Guerrilla theater
& v- [- A, z8 P: d# K1 t 179. Alternative social institutions4 B C; n, J T$ o
180. Alternative communication system
, C. g% C M2 K8 E1 r+ `# Q3 r, O0 J1 Q, F
Economic Intervention1 S) |) k( K6 o4 }( W1 N! K6 U: G
181. Reverse strike
0 b# ^! R2 `6 I+ l# S+ i% @ 182. Stay-in strike
/ T* G# _" `% A8 z8 P& c 183. Nonviolent land seizure5 O1 J1 k3 S* c" S
184. Defiance of blockades
8 W& i% C" i( O# \ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 t; f$ o6 M3 T ~8 Z
186. Preclusive purchasing
7 E0 o8 s$ s) V: F 187. Seizure of assets; X; a k( W, o# {5 G2 V# O8 B
188. Dumping
! P4 t/ Z$ m' r9 }/ V$ k8 H 189. Selective patronage4 k5 Q8 Y3 ?! z
190. Alternative markets& y' a2 K! ?; J! J; C$ e2 e
191. Alternative transportation systems
8 v6 ? H0 B N) \9 N) i) X 192. Alternative economic institutions
& b0 M2 @# g% n# [- K+ _ S/ x: d3 \' b+ r/ ]' s! U; @
Political Intervention
5 w0 I$ s2 [- U6 u; J9 t2 T 193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ t2 x! p" V# @ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. `( D/ A% Y6 T. g1 ?+ }: A1 u
195. Seeking imprisonment
) [6 y6 F5 O [4 G2 [ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
+ r) d- t" X+ _" z, w: [" X 197. Work-on without collaboration; I& n! L5 y% Y6 W
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% p+ N+ {# N' F$ @
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
