 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: A. i+ U1 l5 O% s6 w' s0 ZFormal Statements
4 i i! i6 g* Z; \0 l' F 1. Public Speeches* a8 K* p2 f- M' ]0 M! v
2. Letters of opposition or support8 `/ h, H8 o3 E' t5 E
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; K2 L, ^2 A) e 4. Signed public statements6 a6 j$ q4 n. Q5 P! L3 ?2 n) B
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! v$ `: P1 D! }: }/ d8 M9 `9 ~
6. Group or mass petitions
* ?, T; p" B! {, p( e
1 t3 Z; b9 z$ @" S, Y; S, ICommunications with a Wider Audience
0 g$ D! R$ [) B" M5 l: m/ Y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ p8 R( [8 H7 z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& v4 s0 C3 T& G$ v$ a. b, \0 Z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ l c7 r- `: k9 a: h# ? 10. Newspapers and journals
$ `$ z8 o, L" Q 11. Records, radio, and television
2 W# g( w3 v: J! Z' _% J: m4 _ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( u& {/ `& f$ I4 n9 K( `! R4 j L% n7 f* ~( N% V
Group Representations! O' O! M' m/ [2 Q# z& P
13. Deputations
0 s, {* @7 Z. o% s& |4 ^& M 14. Mock awards
" S/ }( S8 l" k4 X/ D 15. Group lobbying1 J+ S: v2 f) F$ Y
16. Picketing
: O5 ?4 D. ?4 J& m4 ?1 E/ | 17. Mock elections
$ R0 T7 N, r+ X4 E" K. J9 i" J; `& i9 l& T! i2 P% Q; z
Symbolic Public Acts
/ h7 W" |" K+ _9 X1 R" q7 | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" |/ z) K& I5 P- B+ S- ] 19. Wearing of symbols
! f3 E4 O) w/ Q 20. Prayer and worship
6 {% @& u$ H" \7 w3 j, R) F 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! E0 `% y( o7 S4 ]) V 22. Protest disrobings
& w( n- x; t4 U5 B 23. Destruction of own property2 W' W( U/ A4 M7 D: T- N9 m
24. Symbolic lights
: S1 c( x" z# y: u3 a 25. Displays of portraits# f% Z* V3 Z9 M
26. Paint as protest, D, q% G' c5 ?4 T
27. New signs and names. \7 a4 K1 t3 m
28. Symbolic sounds7 o# o5 K* _! ^( S' h6 k! a g
29. Symbolic reclamations; @/ ~- a6 N8 M. k, w# ~; z& |- ]
30. Rude gestures3 S( m$ f7 Y: C# l0 a5 Y
: Y1 c. A3 ~. t1 [% X' @ Q
Pressures on Individuals
/ q1 @' M, O, I+ H1 ?/ K- V2 \% q 31. “Haunting” officials/ ~0 @( U0 k- l/ J( c
32. Taunting officials
3 y a7 r. p/ ]+ D. t- G1 G2 [ 33. Fraternization
; K6 o) R" }9 O9 g" j% Q" } 34. Vigils
, V0 Z0 |/ @$ S3 E9 Q* t. [
! T! z' _/ N& p' g* E. P }Drama and Music
/ o+ q4 Z3 o* N* A6 V! I m+ U 35. Humorous skits and pranks
: L4 s; v( R4 v4 E( O% A% D; m6 |" q 36. Performances of plays and music& g7 A: W+ P4 T0 D
37. Singing" [ ]) } d/ a9 U7 Y4 r' m O
) c! t: p1 l# L$ z5 X
Processions
( L( J) S% V1 W/ E; y' Y 38. Marches
. A$ l0 V/ L+ p: @! V# T8 _ 39. Parades
' P' A6 b7 v( c+ h 40. Religious processions
; x# j0 @! A& f% l% H 41. Pilgrimages6 ]9 ?4 v6 i9 M: |$ V' q- f) b& l
42. Motorcades3 X+ Q0 f g% }& e
' i% A. L8 H3 I8 u" sHonoring the Dead9 e+ D# O7 ^- I4 m) L
43. Political mourning7 p0 L- ~! v/ M; e/ {, B
44. Mock funerals9 C5 B# C. Z7 @# y! {, U
45. Demonstrative funerals
. n1 _; ^$ m8 q) w/ X H 46. Homage at burial places
1 [# i/ v6 h, _' c1 A1 t" D, s" L X, `
Public Assemblies
: {8 b- {$ W2 Z9 F) }4 O: z 47. Assemblies of protest or support
" w. I% B0 z `. C+ m% H" A1 R 48. Protest meetings
$ @: f1 y, p9 ^* a* i" Y# v7 ` 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 j% |* |. O# C0 M8 M 50. Teach-ins% ^/ `5 h, T5 J* \2 d5 p2 L5 t- \
- m6 U% I3 C. m! J" ?1 A6 VWithdrawal and Renunciation
( p+ r1 x" g$ V8 ]% v6 t; W* z 51. Walk-outs7 x8 _3 \( m/ |
52. Silence
, t$ ^. S5 H! b+ j 53. Renouncing honors
& B6 N0 L. w/ h 54. Turning one’s back5 |9 ?0 p! e3 E/ E+ A; b
2 a! J; w6 r1 Y! l5 V% p( d' h
; j# b& W+ w1 H f9 _
4 x# f, ~- W; J: B$ X8 `' ~
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) |' P7 n" M! x- M( M# J/ S9 v m
& e+ _& g. E2 n" T( Q 5 T: P0 ]8 n8 }3 k1 i
, a5 k! _! a; g* }Ostracism of Persons
! B7 N2 z) `% D9 p 55. Social boycott1 x; R9 M+ `, o" q" f" ^
56. Selective social boycott, c* G6 a& M' @ P5 c
57. Lysistratic nonaction& W" W6 k5 W g3 A+ C6 j& c
58. Excommunication
% w, n7 ?: u" D; Y' P 59. Interdict. {: f' O2 r/ M
; T- A+ |* S# }- h# K s
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ u" Y" O$ ^. E5 A" j& B& u. }, S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 F+ `' `5 e- o3 u7 ~$ |; K 61. Boycott of social affairs& B7 p0 i+ W1 k
62. Student strike
: F+ H$ U* L. A4 z% H 63. Social disobedience" T1 \! g( U3 J$ t1 H9 x' c/ Y' f# n
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( p4 V# N3 n6 r7 A; Y/ i
) i w/ y% f+ TWithdrawal from the Social System6 J9 x4 R. V7 @0 _
65. Stay-at-home
$ O5 Y! w$ N& Y- ~( p! Z 66. Total personal noncooperation+ c, X: ]8 P# n
67. “Flight” of workers
" d# w" e% D" C& N) M 68. Sanctuary
" m% m$ ?/ e: n: e y7 z 69. Collective disappearance
2 R0 e( b5 w& N6 t 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 V9 `/ _; H& [
0 k/ \% d1 w; n- u+ {1 d
4 N' Y# B' G8 I
4 A( G9 z# S3 u
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
/ |1 A6 {9 b! q& |$ X+ \0 t* A6 v; w% f8 g) O. u
. m# |+ Z' h/ o! Z
Actions by Consumers& u+ l! f, f! l! u7 ?
71. Consumers’ boycott
+ K" H$ y. {5 L4 X: M$ b) t7 B 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: Q( ]* @3 B2 B% Z8 a; O6 q
73. Policy of austerity0 s9 ~/ q/ R0 \6 m$ s
74. Rent withholding5 `( B' V6 C1 y0 ~* o- @6 `
75. Refusal to rent- X5 n% I( _+ Y( P) s1 C/ e% U$ O
76. National consumers’ boycott6 j- C% H+ R$ z3 F5 _
77. International consumers’ boycott
0 g/ T- S& g0 z- g
% u9 ]! \3 Y" |0 AAction by Workers and Producers
3 w' Y. M: g% T2 J; y9 n" j' Q 78. Workmen’s boycott. Q$ F# x& p( M( I, y
79. Producers’ boycott$ ?" J9 I8 T6 J) U
" d3 Y0 J/ O- B
Action by Middlemen4 J, S. i% L! G: b) B! U7 ]; l
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 a, }7 O9 ^: p/ Q. C
9 x$ y3 i# W2 y9 y4 K& l
Action by Owners and Management
- F: e0 Q. z5 d* l. X/ C/ S2 x 81. Traders’ boycott8 [' V) w& `* [2 b! k2 @
82. Refusal to let or sell property1 w7 _& D9 b2 i. j7 E i9 N; e
83. Lockout+ \8 L( P( `7 G+ y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ ~9 G) J5 m+ [
85. Merchants’ “general strike”; {$ h" |9 ^, p( M; K
% e3 F, Z& f7 ~$ f: jAction by Holders of Financial Resources/ W: u8 H$ P: k0 X& D
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: G9 K, e2 K0 O, }4 A: `: Y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" C1 `5 E+ q0 _: f/ t; E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ I# _ g8 Q+ j( U. r7 q; `
89. Severance of funds and credit; M @& y5 @# M% x
90. Revenue refusal
1 l9 L4 D6 o+ D6 @ Y0 { r$ J 91. Refusal of a government’s money& S( p) I" B. j
7 F2 x% h! o9 ^: W
Action by Governments1 G4 ^& D. K) f g
92. Domestic embargo% }0 o1 R+ C2 T7 i
93. Blacklisting of traders
* ~- i1 Z& I& Z2 N5 Z' |$ T! d6 r5 E 94. International sellers’ embargo2 D" g" _" W% ^6 g
95. International buyers’ embargo
\7 g& s2 o$ t2 X0 x1 e% z5 Y 96. International trade embargo
( G4 `5 s5 | G+ H( T8 j5 |2 c" c8 A
' O; b0 z& t% X0 [6 O/ W' j7 K
- |! [6 Z2 |9 e, tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 O6 G% u9 B3 K2 I- J9 ~) A
* V- I9 f$ D9 y
) b0 ?# \1 i7 ^6 ?Symbolic Strikes/ _4 {# a R4 G
97. Protest strike
/ q; N D- Q; O o' `1 F 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( j" w6 @6 q$ O8 N7 m/ b" q: s) B/ `
Agricultural Strikes
! y! g$ C& o% f! F) |3 L 99. Peasant strike
/ s3 ]' E. t. W0 @& ]7 k 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 Z4 m1 [0 w, }3 _0 z0 F0 D- w6 T
4 i- O7 W- g' S2 kStrikes by Special Groups% F4 U! H+ j; @6 {' s) i
101. Refusal of impressed labor1 z) K9 F4 a C/ a2 Z- H
102. Prisoners’ strike
5 e P# O' x# @3 y5 ]* o( @/ r 103. Craft strike* K) L% I6 X0 n g
104. Professional strike9 e) ~, r3 I+ e6 L
% P9 ]# Y+ d Z" `! F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
# `, q1 `! x( {( |7 [, H+ U 105. Establishment strike
# f& V2 W/ W- I3 j. ?5 w 106. Industry strike0 ~- Q& R& G! M9 b2 |3 {
107. Sympathetic strike
9 z% n- _: \: |$ T
- [ F, X+ Y, K6 w+ w( C" NRestricted Strikes. [! u# C; J! ]. o# o6 q
108. Detailed strike" D6 m1 b) V6 M2 q/ U* U
109. Bumper strike. P- _' B; z6 K; S; m4 P; ]- x9 R
110. Slowdown strike
) L) J) Z4 e y7 W/ D+ U 111. Working-to-rule strike! A9 { V( Y6 I8 T- m, H5 i6 G
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, k- V8 h, V" t+ F$ a 113. Strike by resignation# \2 e8 a$ d$ b. K( d
114. Limited strike1 x) X/ p- x: ^4 A4 y
115. Selective strike
p6 o/ O, Z( r8 P1 |& c# h( l( @
% _1 j* M- X$ P9 n; d5 zMulti-Industry Strikes- s4 V: U0 b, s- d" H. L6 Q
1 x- M1 a: [ a. T
116. Generalized strike
- t c3 K( Z7 s
7 Q- v8 h, G' C) O S4 S 117. General strike! `7 I% e- I p) T- c
! M2 q7 D5 s. c, ?; I8 u! M
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, ]0 g# x( C$ J Z8 v" Z2 ~/ T" W" h
118. Hartal
; v6 v! `+ o0 B6 k8 c8 J
% h+ D7 A* s Z5 i" @+ Z( ]5 ^ 119. Economic shutdown% M4 w0 \. g6 a8 H/ Y
% ]# k0 f" v4 Z5 k' P0 Z
2 G4 D5 v. h: a8 D0 J6 D& j5 }" H6 S5 J$ J
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 \: c2 d S8 Y
1 b: j8 i4 O. D* j, T
7 t: f5 g1 F a1 C l, F% wRejection of Authority+ Z& I7 V6 t: u" a6 i% B) U$ ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% S+ {/ z2 Z, A6 M2 H$ o2 w8 l/ n
121. Refusal of public support
( u( ^& C6 C) y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- K- R, N: p- y- a( t$ P3 @# h& s" s6 L B
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) V3 f# K% w; y' G2 E2 R M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( R4 @% a3 d& {8 T& U* [ J; V7 k 124. Boycott of elections- @8 J; O! t4 }/ ?9 [
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
9 i0 t6 T3 c/ @$ b J 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ |/ S1 V+ U. T8 l: A 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: {3 I. [; W- `; ~# B 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% h1 A& ]$ X6 A& t7 u
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 P5 j! P# d0 n" O5 _3 P 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, }0 e% y6 W: a/ T$ F
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials$ a- Z' Z; u: H
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& R1 b5 }0 w2 K1 a8 q# d3 \
% ]$ t9 \% Z2 ~8 z, X6 \7 ?9 pCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 |& G: F) E* M4 A 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. j2 w) @3 d- e+ F$ ~ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ N h) Q3 Y6 d" u3 W! x3 e
135. Popular nonobedience
# w) |* p" Z3 s e 136. Disguised disobedience
- M6 h1 J2 ^0 L2 A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse ~5 ~3 {6 ^1 t* _; G& J- B
138. Sitdown
" O0 Y* a% U3 H! G- ~5 @ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ W o: u0 p( N
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 A" h9 B9 E, i0 ^7 b9 @/ x5 J
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( u- c D* L# s, f, y/ D4 B
4 A; m/ J, q8 }" K9 M& QAction by Government Personnel7 l% F8 M- {% b% X9 x
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ o- A4 T' s5 |+ X0 J 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 U$ s# e; q6 _) ?' Z; e 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ q3 j7 j( @' T$ k" N5 J 145. General administrative noncooperation9 C. G/ ]- m0 d6 P7 ^
* |( B- n/ j" c6 F1 f
146. Judicial noncooperation$ Y: p7 v* h+ Q [* l1 R
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 Q) V+ Q- }) ]0 `% k, M' l 148. Mutiny0 ]8 X7 F. K; e; g8 p( L& ?
Domestic Governmental Action
# I4 R8 f2 F" h4 V' ]% _. N; F8 ~# } 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 N. t; I: d3 k: o# [; L0 X+ s% l, S! P 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 D6 x+ l$ t$ f: f& V
* e2 W/ {9 l* `International Governmental Action8 x9 P- l) t; K) T& A0 v+ l* ~- i) j
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 K0 m$ z+ m2 O0 C6 X' E4 l 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 j3 s" z3 J( T% Y4 G7 | 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( X/ g: ?$ f& \( J4 u" A* t
154. Severance of diplomatic relations {! x* J+ L4 W2 Y0 H' J
155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 U8 B* S5 k; t1 R) f
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: E. [( `( K; ?5 L' i
157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 D, T0 I+ X2 j5 w( W
% i) p/ t3 s3 h: D8 v
$ ~! S5 P0 K: I T
; { m# M$ c% }( L! G1 G# k/ {THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 P9 F. E. g% j1 o3 V: q7 r
4 H9 w0 X; v$ i# k5 G
& z0 Y: }- u- b7 ^- u) JPsychological Intervention
' e6 Q& C5 u1 [4 C& s; ~) k 158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 r7 Z9 l, X* G4 b& B 159. The fast! {9 v, D& d' w
a) Fast of moral pressure3 ?" e# l# V7 D" x
b) Hunger strike3 R" G4 u' c, O: F
c) Satyagrahic fast1 {5 A6 E" r7 i) m7 W ^
160. Reverse trial
5 q- r' H9 Y! ]6 x8 z% ^9 f. P- b 161. Nonviolent harassment
6 z6 U; c8 X8 T7 [8 O* b: t5 e% }# I/ b
Physical Intervention: D$ {$ v6 A% Z* \2 c
162. Sit-in
# g- P: F2 H+ g$ i6 J; G3 D; ? 163. Stand-in8 D, L, Q7 k0 O2 U9 T2 d
164. Ride-in- |' `4 v% @/ z4 }. @
165. Wade-in6 O! E1 b2 i) c9 f ~/ q
166. Mill-in2 \- G: t, c9 `7 s5 p9 @8 H
167. Pray-in
8 R9 d4 v* y7 O5 h) x1 f, D, [7 q 168. Nonviolent raids; D, g6 D% ~8 q( G6 @( c9 W# [5 a
169. Nonviolent air raids9 D! _" b e) Q" E" a
170. Nonviolent invasion
; v4 i+ j6 A' W& ?1 n 171. Nonviolent interjection
* F) H7 c4 X5 { 172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ X/ G( t7 Y( `. ^. Z J5 J 173. Nonviolent occupation
. x3 V: y, {& F* h& ~% Q' e# H7 U# Z* l2 w1 T
Social Intervention
( f3 _3 ^0 b" d. }; H/ @ 174. Establishing new social patterns3 @6 y6 S! y% t j- ]
175. Overloading of facilities
8 \+ |6 i/ A( i- J' ? v6 o% s 176. Stall-in, P6 O" r! @% o ]
177. Speak-in
! h6 j0 B% k0 Y) q7 b. p 178. Guerrilla theater
5 e* J& J, Q4 k1 r+ O3 S 179. Alternative social institutions4 E' M& {3 D$ `2 o4 U
180. Alternative communication system/ w4 T* b4 m8 }- g7 k
; a0 E7 Q, p; w3 @Economic Intervention
( C5 G/ ~" }" b& R* r% V. } 181. Reverse strike
, }4 s% }: x" a* I1 N 182. Stay-in strike
+ R' V; Z' C/ L# S* ?; O 183. Nonviolent land seizure" Z% z3 G8 m% B: v. S9 F
184. Defiance of blockades
* U2 D8 U5 U. e) a 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! ~' {+ S& }! S' U m) f: j 186. Preclusive purchasing; _% f! j$ R: s- U7 s) O5 I
187. Seizure of assets9 g5 Y# v" s9 k4 E/ f) ?* |2 D/ {
188. Dumping& b( J" P/ ?, s
189. Selective patronage% |1 w: {4 a: E
190. Alternative markets& R+ ~2 P9 A9 k: i' \- f8 r
191. Alternative transportation systems
# I; M. x3 M8 N& D8 e8 R) o 192. Alternative economic institutions
) z2 l* B5 W) r3 `( h# X8 y
/ ^8 o9 r, E6 n0 ZPolitical Intervention
! f7 a" D9 b4 _. v; H 193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ ]( T' g/ C# C5 E" O 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ a) V) F) H2 m- ]/ E
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 \& g* K( m7 N! i* p; l8 J2 o 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, k, V& x/ u5 O) Y4 n
197. Work-on without collaboration
+ Q0 s* _/ s3 R 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' k: t+ l" C$ ?6 X/ {
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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