 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" ^9 w2 D8 \* N; X3 U' b& K+ C% S
Formal Statements
' }' P* f3 j4 b i 1. Public Speeches
& j; |1 \6 n2 W# U 2. Letters of opposition or support
* M o7 Z! K! r; J& V 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ z8 x( u# t G2 L% L, `0 f
4. Signed public statements
& q1 r% @* I9 B$ T& h; d5 Y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
' G5 H$ O( M/ v) H) A. P9 X( N, C 6. Group or mass petitions
+ z1 c0 U2 D( u. ~! A" ]
+ E1 W# G( O3 QCommunications with a Wider Audience
* Q$ ?$ o: `8 M/ q D+ ?3 f* w/ p 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" K! D* B+ J' x; D& G7 |) c+ z7 I
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% S; t$ @% ^ d! D/ H" b. S; l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 J5 P8 d' }" B6 ^ 10. Newspapers and journals
/ h7 u' m0 e: S N! | `0 B5 y 11. Records, radio, and television
( J( C% o7 I: S- A. n, u 12. Skywriting and earthwriting- U& F: J7 U: }! o. J+ s
1 d; a0 |+ S$ X( z0 k0 m0 kGroup Representations
: g% ? o1 c% m 13. Deputations O2 g" t' K) w9 X
14. Mock awards
+ G9 y8 h3 Y) f2 K 15. Group lobbying. c3 S0 y- X# r8 R" _
16. Picketing
* F, Z F' I! ?* K( z( g 17. Mock elections4 Z4 R% G9 Z) \0 _) l
0 o& c, L) j" y& F. BSymbolic Public Acts) L! o% ~" ?$ G. \; |
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 C, k2 v; I/ H6 T/ F7 A" c
19. Wearing of symbols: J1 ?8 b+ l2 J! x4 D; `' d! D
20. Prayer and worship
4 g5 z) N5 }# z+ \& [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects, h% Q% A: _$ ~) j4 R2 N
22. Protest disrobings0 @# ~4 d8 g) U! U q8 l. t- s
23. Destruction of own property; L1 y. H& j+ e6 b
24. Symbolic lights5 R0 @" t: s( F4 T9 p
25. Displays of portraits: U. ^7 U$ b& [0 x' r# |, |7 E
26. Paint as protest
- N! a' ]$ c. Y2 b. @2 d 27. New signs and names
( o2 O# P- G; T# f; D% A 28. Symbolic sounds' T! w0 @2 P. S: ]4 v! s
29. Symbolic reclamations. }9 l, ]$ ^$ R* c
30. Rude gestures
5 M$ t! K3 J' Q( j" G7 _+ }$ R1 K! n' Z
Pressures on Individuals) L3 p3 w) m% C8 B7 p o5 y6 W
31. “Haunting” officials
% f h3 l1 ]& Q) v( q# C 32. Taunting officials
7 O i" v" N0 F1 c2 c 33. Fraternization7 k7 b' Y1 h4 L/ |. d/ \4 s
34. Vigils
! r" Y; X5 s8 d+ y( O+ E/ e3 W8 M; v9 b2 q
Drama and Music
0 B) A5 r) q3 y5 K: d) d 35. Humorous skits and pranks
, w9 n5 y1 T( V+ ` 36. Performances of plays and music
% i8 N/ f' q1 g 37. Singing
- Z* v2 f0 U4 E! k2 A
; Z0 Y* `5 b; k) N" N8 w8 vProcessions
/ J' [1 S( J9 B$ D Y 38. Marches/ x0 T" N0 h+ r* R
39. Parades5 X. ?& X9 M) s* B' u9 Y; ~1 f
40. Religious processions
5 ~' X/ E+ v+ G1 g3 p 41. Pilgrimages: D4 T0 S4 L- u& L2 s6 R
42. Motorcades" B/ A' T$ j, e! P( F) l
; B9 M6 P( y0 s5 d3 ZHonoring the Dead
$ d: ~, B3 P4 G, x g 43. Political mourning
% f1 B0 F4 }. ]& l, `$ g 44. Mock funerals- a: v. ]3 e) g: a8 f% v( M0 W/ h' K
45. Demonstrative funerals; t( Q. ^5 U9 a6 S
46. Homage at burial places
& I$ U( t: L! E+ y( ^2 W
* n( y/ z1 q/ e8 c( F1 e) GPublic Assemblies8 G2 R$ V- r- `$ P$ ?
47. Assemblies of protest or support! j% y3 m' k4 Q& u) F
48. Protest meetings8 P9 ~' i! z8 Y1 {3 M, I- l0 _
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" E, ^) p* `- V" [9 m1 ^! x
50. Teach-ins( b4 W/ `1 d. g1 t! o$ l
7 m( ~0 b0 N0 d5 B! sWithdrawal and Renunciation" f0 S3 v, p, `# y7 H1 A
51. Walk-outs
& [+ f" \" R* I7 A/ _6 v( `1 M; c 52. Silence
) t8 Q+ b. p; U9 W2 b; d+ a 53. Renouncing honors
! H+ i7 f4 U* f, x* d9 I3 H 54. Turning one’s back! |% q" V3 A' d. E; p
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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9 o( M A" {2 {, o/ s4 i. p ( |8 b8 ]5 h* P8 i
; y; h8 T3 u/ \& N, qOstracism of Persons& e1 I$ D. V6 B5 [ l% T
55. Social boycott
5 q A5 \* D: M9 | 56. Selective social boycott
3 X) b% K( g3 ^& ~ 57. Lysistratic nonaction8 X% D; L7 J+ K1 B. ?6 H
58. Excommunication7 ~& A, {6 g( T# b) o
59. Interdict
/ {9 v, v$ x* T$ C2 d
% z8 f D( d6 ZNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, F" |/ s# G: t( O3 X! N T8 O- p 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 d( F$ l. B8 z% x' ]4 i! M 61. Boycott of social affairs
) M# q6 \/ b7 R2 X5 e) y! ~7 W9 z( Y 62. Student strike7 V! ~/ o y' r, R" G& @
63. Social disobedience( G( G# d! z9 o/ o; X
64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 p4 @% ?# z* A$ u+ \4 w
$ T5 X2 x* p/ n7 B
Withdrawal from the Social System
# i8 `9 }( C# T; B; b/ V. P$ S# B 65. Stay-at-home
' ?. j) B% Q. j0 k 66. Total personal noncooperation0 K2 G' N9 |8 ~# ], C5 ^
67. “Flight” of workers( r, c3 o: ~3 C {3 M/ g
68. Sanctuary
* a4 k# q2 ~ a 69. Collective disappearance
0 M% e! Q) J; ]% I+ f* W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" D) G6 n0 G) g+ A: n
6 c2 ] L( r& j' K
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0 [6 t% R9 n' Q6 N* ?8 K$ RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 ^8 k* k8 s! r0 d3 Z# B : x! w9 N* F" w3 L( L" \+ i
Actions by Consumers
' [( }8 O- J+ W" l& ^4 i 71. Consumers’ boycott
+ ?; s! z+ Y2 j3 W/ v. } 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# o+ S3 e6 e& ^* O) H
73. Policy of austerity6 ]$ J8 |6 ~: j- u8 C" I* ^6 C
74. Rent withholding
" S: L/ r L" K 75. Refusal to rent
- S' e/ c% U+ t) M! Q 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 i5 Z- m& Y5 B" Q- i* }) x 77. International consumers’ boycott$ ]/ N1 \1 ~6 z1 ?* y4 h# }
6 V" d+ H% ?# W/ E+ o0 D! f! DAction by Workers and Producers
! u7 m. |1 l* X$ o$ Y 78. Workmen’s boycott1 u# n0 i- z! a% r' i, Q2 l n
79. Producers’ boycott2 V6 g, ]; V( x2 S# }4 f
" p. s$ t) C8 g- L! f: ?. A7 T. w G N
Action by Middlemen1 b* y1 e( L3 P r/ c
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" T, n$ N, h& }) ~" P
& [- \0 w4 }% B3 b i# Y, \ f. AAction by Owners and Management
2 L% r4 |* u7 _ 81. Traders’ boycott. a7 s+ b" T" z7 n
82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 `5 h( x4 N8 W4 D1 g& [ 83. Lockout+ P7 e: H6 ]" h' ]$ [4 J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 s( X/ L. J, F4 m; X E! i
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* ?5 p9 `0 ?8 c. N; L
1 K8 o/ A/ l2 r% O" Z! Q }: x; A* cAction by Holders of Financial Resources" L+ [1 I- A/ d: V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 L) b$ l9 A/ ~" M7 d6 h* g& h8 b5 P
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 L( Z/ E& g# F$ Y q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" x' `, s/ S0 S% m' v, g) i9 g 89. Severance of funds and credit
$ | O/ W3 h5 g% H 90. Revenue refusal
' S, [* c) F- k) f( n2 e 91. Refusal of a government’s money
, k: |" S! u, p) ?% S
# ?5 s5 A6 [' @# R9 B& VAction by Governments
. l1 s! i0 a1 z 92. Domestic embargo) z# Q# N! y8 O5 _( u
93. Blacklisting of traders
2 r( H; b# [9 p* B# A 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 t) ^/ W- h2 e' u5 {$ U* L% O+ p1 e 95. International buyers’ embargo
e8 q8 p6 S ^ 96. International trade embargo. C2 i" p, X/ N* T
v9 f# a' y2 t5 {# g) x* Q
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5 p' }. R* _: Y) BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE* _9 j. _* u' B- C
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Symbolic Strikes" {, N# i$ B( p, w* a1 K- b# {
97. Protest strike
$ k4 U# f6 N( J6 j# }3 ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. c9 z. p7 s' ~$ i" o. Q
h6 k) p$ u( J% vAgricultural Strikes
- A- \& L, Y$ m2 D7 f/ l 99. Peasant strike l# i5 |1 @$ j& v0 K5 C3 \& x% Q
100. Farm Workers’ strike# `4 J. `% L) f" H
" n* Z' C/ N$ w) S0 lStrikes by Special Groups
$ a+ r, i( o* R1 f 101. Refusal of impressed labor& f; X% r' v" K6 U8 {
102. Prisoners’ strike: \' ~+ U! z$ C5 u" Q2 [4 N: N
103. Craft strike+ V& p7 j& S' c. {; }. M, f, I' A+ h
104. Professional strike
% x- a$ Z8 s; O9 m
7 E9 P; r, c+ w9 u% ], N, [$ ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes u: B5 z; e6 F- B
105. Establishment strike. w, w& X: d" \
106. Industry strike
+ U3 Q/ c; S6 C$ `) V% w 107. Sympathetic strike M2 m6 `0 c7 b
& Y S2 W) D# O
Restricted Strikes
/ M, s9 ] n ]: }2 a) v& b 108. Detailed strike
' J" R x& X$ G- A! x 109. Bumper strike
+ ~! H; b6 ] a* |6 W 110. Slowdown strike
, m' j5 C: g/ a& ~ 111. Working-to-rule strike
! C! p& r& k' ]% S9 X& @ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 q' l& F2 \: W 113. Strike by resignation+ f& O" n) C+ d% x8 v
114. Limited strike
, t3 j1 c1 F) u# q 115. Selective strike
* e; p- J' v' b) A# {2 V/ G2 a. _& c, d: v
Multi-Industry Strikes) R& E; }& y4 Q
( u+ Y9 y J2 t# T2 _ 116. Generalized strike4 E7 f: P# @! w9 Z
* b6 y2 M+ A+ `- } G' R
117. General strike
" ?0 c# i) Y1 D* t5 @4 h0 V" c( m7 k; ^0 F7 L1 p2 Y# x5 p) C
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures* P7 c% c. Q O+ r( E5 N
/ b6 M; s" ]/ U$ e 118. Hartal
" z0 g6 a' P1 L8 ?- w+ Q9 C
% \! U7 s+ Q2 m5 N% `: r, p0 _' ~ 119. Economic shutdown A: k: ]# Y/ q4 D$ y
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) k" z. F' B0 y0 m: i; h# C+ K- WTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
* i. o0 m) U) ~( V5 U 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& g c% ]3 ^5 b3 K9 ^, l; B8 R6 X- _
121. Refusal of public support
/ r: T& b, S! x7 f" U 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. r0 ~: `+ y7 ~8 H8 d8 I& s; N) k
, ?. {3 V7 V! b8 l* A* W: M, aCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 m/ y1 {2 }# d; i) Z6 c! U- z7 m
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ q6 O0 m- o, p$ s% V* Y' z 124. Boycott of elections9 M+ O, K" y( Z! ~
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 ^# m/ e! j/ v" b1 { 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' q7 I& e5 @$ Z4 O4 J: k 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# F3 M! k; X: F 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ O, P' F2 A. c- x& r 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% {3 |% |( a; n# U 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( p& M, z% F# v$ j! I T+ f+ G
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 L a: }; P. j/ I* _; W8 @( p) g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 C6 H, v. F& q, n E
1 K& T- T; m/ x# ^3 uCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 E( h* [9 n! _/ |7 t
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
% D; V5 J+ j7 Z# u7 a O0 o" k3 i 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 _ a' [/ p6 p 135. Popular nonobedience( k9 k% T# ]* L8 c+ S
136. Disguised disobedience. ?( t8 U+ X b( j; ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* _ E+ r5 G" U9 R# U8 Q' ~ 138. Sitdown) O# y' L C% H2 ` h3 d
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- m1 ~" O- D! o8 Y1 r& a, L2 q 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 g5 U; E7 I4 g' I
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! e7 r9 m# a2 N% V# }( P3 Y9 }
& n2 K; o* E8 k3 MAction by Government Personnel+ V% S* F& @. e0 v( b
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 y1 W3 b8 |) X& O* t$ F 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 s+ s, i4 b; E2 N1 { 144. Stalling and obstruction
$ {1 z5 N9 f, N0 G3 E* q: E r. ] 145. General administrative noncooperation2 R+ y- [( E' \. o- v ]4 R- ~
1 U7 m" e8 ?: ]( D) R% X
146. Judicial noncooperation
& q7 v0 q# v# `; f2 l 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' o2 k! E7 f: q( Q% }8 ]& z6 I7 C( e
148. Mutiny* m* u! R* S/ T0 Z! c' z/ t
Domestic Governmental Action
0 Z5 ^- q0 `, _* Z$ h7 f 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% M k6 }7 ]+ J- n# j2 Y6 A- z: h* F 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- m& k- \0 D0 _) a4 i
: m) I- l" c0 ~International Governmental Action: P5 |# p u- M; R! @
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ A# U9 q8 y/ J. S# o! Q0 @6 c7 } 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* @5 ]( @$ Q" R+ P 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* K- B* o9 c8 @" L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, q; R3 N# [+ r9 e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 R$ ]$ y& f( {; o' p
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 ?7 F1 ^9 B6 z# S2 t! A3 T 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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8 M2 N) {! z, L6 i3 D: U5 j. w, t. \) O
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
( L: e" ?' `0 h' q' E 158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 z8 g. R$ C* g" ^9 R 159. The fast9 C, {2 B4 d( K( [) M
a) Fast of moral pressure+ E3 a5 G: q4 }5 N, E
b) Hunger strike
% A! O, y+ N v# l; d3 i c) Satyagrahic fast( `# g$ Z" ^( F2 b1 B
160. Reverse trial. J" q2 B' p9 Y+ Q' B; i1 _5 r
161. Nonviolent harassment2 Y T! J5 C( ~! f; J6 h F
% ^* o* r7 u$ m! w# }* n6 pPhysical Intervention
' U! o% N( u* z, Q3 U 162. Sit-in
( Q9 z' }! [. A 163. Stand-in
, T! Q) O- W9 N6 l* ^) a5 E6 V 164. Ride-in- c" P' o& k' t! I" R7 {1 O
165. Wade-in) T9 `! W6 S8 F2 Z# X; k+ K& T
166. Mill-in
* F& \# C6 e5 x$ o& A 167. Pray-in U! c% L" i4 b' I
168. Nonviolent raids8 \/ _5 C# y% h* J
169. Nonviolent air raids) t' x8 x) b. X; ]
170. Nonviolent invasion
- s2 @5 d! b0 ]/ d) F7 k0 C 171. Nonviolent interjection+ k' T: h( b7 Y/ c }
172. Nonviolent obstruction
: u5 ]! B% H, Y, ?3 d5 a r% T+ W 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention. e3 W4 G; r5 c
174. Establishing new social patterns
1 H2 V/ @* T" d; G9 @" t 175. Overloading of facilities
9 M- n9 j8 O& U8 c4 \, n 176. Stall-in( t; `+ B5 H7 o& L
177. Speak-in
& Y* j/ k+ w& }" a# I$ f 178. Guerrilla theater2 L; P, j! X; K
179. Alternative social institutions% P* S3 L7 h C d2 `
180. Alternative communication system* c! M1 G) p2 I# e
& g" N5 e4 A+ _. s" o7 @Economic Intervention3 L) R$ e7 [7 ^1 j1 S5 d7 q
181. Reverse strike! d i' }! M$ o$ k
182. Stay-in strike
( n# t' { R4 E, U( } 183. Nonviolent land seizure
) b: I4 }- l# {( s 184. Defiance of blockades& q) T# a7 B0 v6 ~8 z
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ C" M, e! n& N" B
186. Preclusive purchasing) f0 K5 i$ E; o3 ?; [
187. Seizure of assets% r2 P z0 g: w; f- {
188. Dumping+ s: Q8 w* L8 ~% Z+ F% n t9 P3 `
189. Selective patronage% Z( C Y5 W. [! T5 ]
190. Alternative markets
- F& q' [7 `' r0 L4 k7 O 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 L" _) r( } m" Y 192. Alternative economic institutions
: g) o0 x$ r+ Q4 ~5 a0 ~& I5 U5 n# i( J5 @4 J9 G
Political Intervention: U. o9 A, O& v/ R) o
193. Overloading of administrative systems0 }6 s- j+ `8 C" [- F" W* q; J+ N
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, W `; A: P' [6 D5 y 195. Seeking imprisonment& K5 [' l* `, z' ]3 r m
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, l2 L. H2 g- l6 F- J2 B/ @$ p 197. Work-on without collaboration
$ _0 E% X* w' H' O1 J 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 Z! H0 w% i/ |5 F8 I# j
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
