 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' ?: c; D& ^/ k& A' EFormal Statements) ]# t- @/ S' @
1. Public Speeches3 A7 Z/ x9 Q5 p1 N' H' @* F8 o
2. Letters of opposition or support
% t" v1 R l ], o! E' ^6 T 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( \; M$ m9 Y+ I/ j) z0 P3 r
4. Signed public statements @% S( m, d, g3 Y6 P2 ~
5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 {1 g( ?1 @ v4 ]5 \
6. Group or mass petitions& l) C B6 Q0 f Y
: a9 l1 F; y4 w( ^' B1 G' X
Communications with a Wider Audience) u* E9 a. g+ m5 z6 `: p
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 y" A! V* \9 Q$ N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 p, a9 E; y7 i K 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) _9 E, @% n3 r. Q3 f7 \ s) g
10. Newspapers and journals) w& _; x' Z1 E @) F0 I
11. Records, radio, and television O2 c" s/ z: i) ~* k: Q1 J$ X. q7 G( Y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 X; h1 N- e+ ~$ R# h$ U x# a0 O; `4 z1 p$ e
Group Representations& y S9 I% |9 Y
13. Deputations) G- J6 E5 p' ]' u1 s6 I
14. Mock awards, w2 P+ ~$ a+ k0 @& M0 O: W
15. Group lobbying
( s; }) U: r7 Z! P l0 l! h- R$ R 16. Picketing
& |( z t) ]8 u+ [" _& ~) y/ c! u 17. Mock elections$ X6 Q# L6 M1 m/ V) E( [) i
& w5 w2 V& ?! R8 X' nSymbolic Public Acts- @4 d% V( B, `, j$ c& \
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: j/ R' e2 Q2 b- u3 e! G6 V# K" V 19. Wearing of symbols
4 _ a/ U$ H1 C* O 20. Prayer and worship
8 {- P+ {2 D* J5 O- l" X M" B) F 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" l7 x a9 P! ~ 22. Protest disrobings: u' K& Y% K5 |. n8 Q1 W' B
23. Destruction of own property
3 g# h% O \8 X* F/ ? 24. Symbolic lights
2 v; `0 Y# Z$ i9 X6 [2 J, x, F0 k 25. Displays of portraits' `, b. V T x/ b k
26. Paint as protest
8 L# `* Z# \/ _ 27. New signs and names
3 U. O" ` ~5 c& A 28. Symbolic sounds7 @5 n! C, b8 @
29. Symbolic reclamations: G, K# s& k6 [3 w( d5 s
30. Rude gestures
6 u! T0 [' Y/ C
5 T* w9 I- f2 [6 K# M/ l. f/ rPressures on Individuals
2 p3 V9 k1 Y- ^! u* _" K, ` 31. “Haunting” officials' i, t& q& v' i# Z% c
32. Taunting officials& v6 S$ ]8 I) q% A2 f4 M$ |4 c
33. Fraternization! d' k9 v( J. v6 j$ K9 o
34. Vigils2 S M9 j- O1 {% O1 ]$ z5 Q
9 z9 n- i9 d+ ?2 ~4 U6 z
Drama and Music
! h: v- D; P* i. C1 r 35. Humorous skits and pranks' Q5 ]8 ` R! y0 a1 w
36. Performances of plays and music
6 `. b. p$ t8 D: g1 ]+ Q 37. Singing
2 k0 C" Q3 N; A+ }5 K8 [6 S* M+ |% z
Processions
x" u7 l& z0 L& f 38. Marches
9 k6 `; t0 T k; r9 N3 [9 I 39. Parades0 \/ n- ?8 ]* h. [9 j; {
40. Religious processions
. ~% `) `7 h- h, i/ r. S3 j 41. Pilgrimages
& y0 d8 L" k$ J7 F6 }8 Q- a 42. Motorcades& T6 `; R0 Y3 t
/ k% \ |% U9 @" J
Honoring the Dead4 a" E! R+ E4 U( J e- Q7 O0 T% [
43. Political mourning
% i q! W" n' g9 e' ~ 44. Mock funerals! r1 W c- V+ B9 d8 e
45. Demonstrative funerals
6 l& Q. R7 U+ X/ ?( e6 N 46. Homage at burial places' {8 ^' Y, |& w+ i
+ T5 H' v$ B' _* r4 l# x
Public Assemblies2 h5 g+ B0 c+ d y
47. Assemblies of protest or support
; R* E4 q: g2 }: Q- U {' z r0 s 48. Protest meetings0 o: L# E3 D2 p, ]( l
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' Y9 a: S, f' v/ U- z) W$ b 50. Teach-ins
' ]" e- U) u, n6 d& y% m, ^7 R+ m- h& H8 y& R% _( l8 Z6 J9 m
Withdrawal and Renunciation
( }7 g8 h0 d$ u- W" |5 g 51. Walk-outs: M( Y5 I' u0 w e
52. Silence
$ I i H& Z4 n9 Q. ]) k 53. Renouncing honors
8 Q" B9 ]) I& f) K4 }; V( g4 l, T8 x 54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ I7 N9 W6 A$ D2 F. u
5 Q, T O: v5 P3 U. k" F/ T; ~1 k
2 ?9 p5 W' c5 R. g6 f! l3 B# P8 v( E [7 Y( ~8 r
Ostracism of Persons
2 S5 ~: D6 t7 ]5 @& o! Y 55. Social boycott- X3 R2 g0 _: d
56. Selective social boycott
! ?( d4 g/ ^. ^9 n4 v K1 h$ O: F5 U 57. Lysistratic nonaction( n$ g9 _& g) g* h! _5 W
58. Excommunication
4 J. k. g7 q# g `3 ?) y6 R 59. Interdict* {7 B0 y2 w# o$ X( E$ t
2 w* J. G3 u& e8 H. r3 L
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 u) x8 Z/ Y7 ~- g% ~! ]# @! H 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 X3 v9 n4 q4 G, ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs
7 i4 e2 Z( e6 F2 z 62. Student strike5 S5 H0 e$ \1 _/ D! ]
63. Social disobedience
2 S0 D0 }8 z* \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 ]' ~7 \8 [9 \1 s$ V7 a
$ M; u5 ]9 W: M1 V/ J# gWithdrawal from the Social System$ f3 z+ a) I M% z( T6 `7 n% m
65. Stay-at-home
) w" C+ F+ Q( a$ I/ P* w9 e: @ 66. Total personal noncooperation
6 M* H. [7 e" `: t. B 67. “Flight” of workers' {( f/ |# t: l( z9 l; ~4 G5 ]% ^
68. Sanctuary5 W: n* z& y; [- C' Z1 |
69. Collective disappearance. Y3 f7 n3 z& I: f
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
# d1 P, ^$ s% ~% F0 Z$ x, \4 i& ~3 I2 h# S- y- t" Z" U$ d
) I/ F8 U# E0 r3 X3 h2 P* N) W) O) A. \! Q+ i ^5 Y3 g! E$ J
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. i1 Z/ \+ I I- q, J" x* V
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s3 G! m! u7 A3 d. SActions by Consumers0 w- A/ p/ z; @
71. Consumers’ boycott
& P/ ], j0 q8 b' c" e8 s+ q" E9 ^, A N 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) l6 S; {' N0 M3 Y
73. Policy of austerity" s2 Q6 O K' ]! \/ U
74. Rent withholding1 K9 a* x& T6 P+ R7 _
75. Refusal to rent
2 F# |/ t* z9 y8 m 76. National consumers’ boycott; ^! g: E O7 X P* @' o* c$ h8 o1 i
77. International consumers’ boycott- {4 K5 ?9 z' z! O7 M6 k! X
* z) ~! u- n) n+ rAction by Workers and Producers# Q5 q3 K! K% V) V
78. Workmen’s boycott
* j% @# Y7 J; p: Z( v* t 79. Producers’ boycott/ t0 ~( d* u1 w% A
( ]9 g% z" t0 D' O: YAction by Middlemen
2 N9 [7 s- e" \ |: y" D2 ^ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ x4 r5 h3 `5 z$ K& d% H2 \& n) ]4 g3 \5 N* E( L+ p% j9 D
Action by Owners and Management+ v! T; x; P7 ~6 r/ a$ l
81. Traders’ boycott5 O& |/ ~/ t7 n4 o
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! w/ r4 S$ _: E4 b( F 83. Lockout
0 h6 h8 T7 a, _; N6 R 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ q$ f& Z9 v/ b0 V ?4 b
85. Merchants’ “general strike”( i: S3 t/ l& T2 B4 z
$ U" z$ s+ ^0 t' e+ y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
I1 x( Y9 g+ t B8 P 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( \( C( u3 I5 C+ A
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; ?+ q# ]" z3 z/ i J2 U# J 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 y/ n& C( Z1 m! l, G# B* V
89. Severance of funds and credit
0 a7 q% n* Z3 r3 @' E! S G 90. Revenue refusal" q+ W1 v( t0 B# r# k/ z$ c5 O; q
91. Refusal of a government’s money9 d5 ^; ]2 }, y$ Q
1 {4 u: b2 P# L: JAction by Governments' k- e5 G4 ?0 B, e$ P( N* k
92. Domestic embargo
" @7 j$ R0 O, f2 ?+ P) u 93. Blacklisting of traders3 A( j! p l: L
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 Z Z4 Q8 S% G3 [* H 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 @4 K/ C4 e G: N4 k2 @: y( B! X 96. International trade embargo
6 u& r( E5 p' d5 s# u% K ^4 J" |7 {$ g8 t7 I* I2 L
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+ k# u# P! o* S5 H2 S' }9 w% S9 z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
+ c; Y" s0 {* s c( }9 k5 G, X
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9 H7 F. M4 B5 [$ `3 FSymbolic Strikes. E* A: Z2 c+ B; F( k
97. Protest strike! \3 W- R/ b# \8 L+ t- q3 W+ I
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 K0 k& b" j+ k6 E x) N
: X: f+ r& ^3 r7 R" `& X+ oAgricultural Strikes
# M* X D& o& ?( w% Z4 ^* ?+ e 99. Peasant strike5 l* e: G# C" b& G
100. Farm Workers’ strike
: W A6 v+ ?2 t9 o3 @% u5 ]# `, s! k# l
Strikes by Special Groups
8 ~, @: d7 i+ k 101. Refusal of impressed labor
; t8 ~3 f8 e: M9 Q& R6 w 102. Prisoners’ strike7 m7 ^: G: k) V; a- q# O5 J
103. Craft strike5 W2 \, S+ C1 ]+ f' P. V
104. Professional strike a# R7 E5 `7 T) q7 K* _8 ^4 F
. Z9 ?; ^+ p7 f4 t% ~; ^$ L2 B
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
, O9 v( P' ^% C/ v! D' e* ` 105. Establishment strike
. \" P# s8 p; s$ { 106. Industry strike5 l3 O5 D2 X5 ?5 f. ~8 Z+ H3 I
107. Sympathetic strike
7 H: H; c9 l$ L2 x) P% }& g: y
2 t3 \0 g8 i, W3 hRestricted Strikes
) J3 M3 [8 F. @. U- f, W! ? 108. Detailed strike* i7 n. @3 h! T, O9 y. j
109. Bumper strike
' N: b, h/ ^5 z7 F 110. Slowdown strike
- [5 g2 `) M7 W; C6 b; L, Z$ n 111. Working-to-rule strike! j1 B4 C- r* E1 W( h
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' I, K3 D) F9 Z; B# ? 113. Strike by resignation+ m3 j: ~0 c- F3 l1 z0 x5 }
114. Limited strike
( ? A8 Q8 x/ Z+ V: l 115. Selective strike
% t. x* ]$ I1 h' V0 _/ r1 W3 R! [( X5 X/ ~& r
Multi-Industry Strikes
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. v' ]; X0 s# J" g% u& C( W3 ? 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike! F1 e6 j( l! k
5 Z c3 @* k: x! `3 k
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* Q W; e b f% f8 n1 ^% w- z, u0 V6 e
118. Hartal1 O2 l* {- U, `) z! x6 f3 l
3 J* q7 k" w- {, `9 g/ e) e% Q4 r 119. Economic shutdown, { b/ q4 b6 V
6 P: _1 @) b: k& k
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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* H$ g/ R) `/ a3 `# s6 pRejection of Authority
: `' @4 p( w+ }& Z) _ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 _' N3 K, p7 m 121. Refusal of public support6 p# @6 S( A8 ]6 s5 ]3 `, n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance. L" T8 y9 Q# O; U# b. |
0 x- ?( C& z1 x! q. ?! pCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 d; W4 ?+ F3 `6 A) D& _
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. m8 {1 [1 T) u7 }" K( { 124. Boycott of elections
# J3 {1 e# [5 \( x 125. Boycott of government employment and positions* U$ y3 z" a( s- [) e
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, U& u7 i; h9 a: [' L; _ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions n7 m s4 v6 H+ w$ y' A$ k
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 X" o+ {) {0 A3 _) Q' A, Z- b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 p# i- k6 N( _7 H& _% Y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) X' \1 T; Y( [3 X" B 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ \; q& q+ { T& ~ R 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 a* p/ ]/ i+ Z9 ^" O1 k4 p. P' {9 f( K( T. Q3 [ e
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ x2 G3 V f3 x* j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 r0 K2 x$ {5 p5 T7 y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 Z2 V4 o% a. _+ ]9 M7 ^- J
135. Popular nonobedience6 U. q0 d4 a" K3 [
136. Disguised disobedience% }. c# y4 f( {* T
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% L M8 B- U! {
138. Sitdown
0 {, O; q/ ^7 w- v/ P0 L1 \( y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" ]+ K `, O' u 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 y9 w9 N% Y: k/ ^. u3 A 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! ^: l, T4 T# g3 v& R8 M
$ r3 l4 N+ R: O; @, \% B: c6 tAction by Government Personnel
8 i& A/ c4 j8 ~& y. ?- \% w 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; ~* j3 ~! q9 F8 v* Q
143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 y: n% r4 l9 y
144. Stalling and obstruction
( i7 o, O8 Z/ k* k 145. General administrative noncooperation4 b3 g7 S4 t$ G1 _2 O( |# j
; h3 [& A W5 I2 c, N1 A
146. Judicial noncooperation2 A% k+ }7 ~& {" \$ u6 c% [
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( B' K5 u9 Q6 j/ v) W% ^ 148. Mutiny
& l4 {+ t) R; E% Q i& CDomestic Governmental Action: A; A- F' C! `1 q: g- |
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 ^; @- B- w( N$ g4 Y3 C) `8 d4 t
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 ]# v( S; y, o
6 X- _7 Q1 U: qInternational Governmental Action
4 @. t/ F+ P0 P" I 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# {( f- ?) j$ T 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ T- ^+ r3 e6 H. G/ {4 h- w: N
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ m- o5 q# I/ d/ b 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' c6 Z0 ?% S% @% i3 V
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 L0 h! W3 [9 V- u 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) S1 s ?1 s5 T. E G/ `4 a 157. Expulsion from international organizations) j: p& P5 @8 ]3 p/ Q
3 B8 m, g. F' c# }6 W9 G E" ^) j
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* N" B4 H) p; b4 |6 p& |( S2 VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* n- N3 I; J1 d2 {) Y6 w5 x
/ s9 k% g6 q% x6 }+ {1 ?. e; K# }
- K; l5 e2 T/ @% g0 ^; O# C& sPsychological Intervention1 w% G7 Y2 w; ~6 M/ N0 e
158. Self-exposure to the elements* H; y: ^* Y I1 a" ^+ b4 R( i! }# f
159. The fast, y" p4 e- `3 m7 O4 W. P" d
a) Fast of moral pressure
& E! ^" A/ S( Z+ D2 D( u& m: {. D b) Hunger strike
! S9 S6 G! x) W c) Satyagrahic fast" ?7 ?, J* j& d0 ~( ?
160. Reverse trial2 u; A' f, s8 d$ g1 L
161. Nonviolent harassment# [- @6 P4 F# _. T# u* w
2 b( [% L) K/ ^& a1 X* C+ VPhysical Intervention& C& X5 S% H3 Q& _/ W. V
162. Sit-in
( ~0 T- B5 P: o: i/ i$ n* ]9 X 163. Stand-in" R% j: I2 r$ o O$ j" n% s
164. Ride-in( \! m- h. f7 u/ _ i. h* z
165. Wade-in% f7 f% c0 q$ D' t( V2 j& f, d
166. Mill-in9 D S$ `4 F7 [- j% D
167. Pray-in$ B7 N# n2 ]& H; M. \
168. Nonviolent raids3 `+ y2 `$ ~* {" e3 {6 R& G I
169. Nonviolent air raids* P3 T! P& n8 R7 f% H) W# m' [
170. Nonviolent invasion/ o4 ]1 z: v/ w0 f$ m) a) ^( F# T! V
171. Nonviolent interjection# ~# p. J7 e, V4 ~
172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 n$ ]( f* T% r. o" X7 j7 m 173. Nonviolent occupation
1 x3 ^& S6 n0 q. J$ T3 k2 `1 D' g2 \# }2 X
Social Intervention/ z F7 ^# H( h+ o
174. Establishing new social patterns
- [ A+ K! p) L; y* H. E 175. Overloading of facilities
" C7 t( E8 y3 ?7 Y4 Q2 w, h 176. Stall-in1 }; i1 r. g5 W% i/ v1 V% w2 F% O
177. Speak-in
# k# _ `9 } X1 x 178. Guerrilla theater
, j8 F, r- ~; t r" U 179. Alternative social institutions
' ]& o* q& P$ r$ F; f. q 180. Alternative communication system
! k$ E3 `9 F4 D: @( q8 O# `9 E' T4 F) J ^: j" m/ T
Economic Intervention9 L3 {- |2 ], a( P$ g
181. Reverse strike) O# S [2 V f, i5 D, `% [5 b
182. Stay-in strike
3 s& t* S7 {) T, I2 K# O3 p 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 ]. g1 D" E1 {4 F4 h 184. Defiance of blockades3 J& i1 c5 v0 d! m& H! c
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! z8 e; H8 x. D- }, c1 ]' ^ 186. Preclusive purchasing- x+ l/ P' W* t' ^) A5 y0 A
187. Seizure of assets
2 ?( O, J% y1 V2 b6 ~0 f H 188. Dumping
) k7 ?6 G9 ~: W% A( W! Z 189. Selective patronage
. j; I8 Q( w; L4 c/ g, r9 R4 D 190. Alternative markets
& M! I$ |2 H$ p1 |# v' V9 B6 p; u 191. Alternative transportation systems
@: v/ q8 B$ q' Q% j 192. Alternative economic institutions- o% Q9 V- n4 W
2 C! T/ G2 C NPolitical Intervention3 `! g$ ?$ `9 _7 C ~& w& I8 o
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 G! o" E& X9 @* [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 p: ^: s$ X2 E3 {
195. Seeking imprisonment, X; l/ q/ e) o4 ?. t
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) {# k$ s h% `* {
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 d9 [& O% I; p$ ^: u5 j 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% g" l' o" y- N i4 y
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
