 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION) x$ B+ n. r( ^0 V ^
Formal Statements& U4 `, T) J0 \; }: t
1. Public Speeches
; t; }9 F1 l3 ^ 2. Letters of opposition or support/ X$ F# r' e8 ]+ u2 b6 W0 K- m. H2 {
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" s6 R, M6 I& `+ \) i# G( t v 4. Signed public statements3 s# m3 X" X' x! Q( N# w" `
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 S+ z- r! {1 ^7 x" K3 J1 ^$ X
6. Group or mass petitions* B. t) _9 w8 D* X
. T" e0 i+ d& z! q, v
Communications with a Wider Audience
, M! X4 u4 F+ n% c+ g/ _ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 t) u8 h' b4 C/ L
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
- r7 E, B2 M. Q# e X 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 \, O! H+ Z4 z P' B$ F V7 Q 10. Newspapers and journals
7 N2 V- e; B9 J8 T- W" }4 j* H 11. Records, radio, and television7 g/ c5 h: t$ j4 G; [9 M1 ^9 c
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ F8 k. G) c* ]' C
8 g& z: `, T3 y4 _/ \7 a
Group Representations, ]/ {$ T/ m" ^0 l2 b( S& b/ O
13. Deputations
6 b0 p x8 y/ u' a6 y+ k( N 14. Mock awards. W8 ~" x% S* x7 [2 E
15. Group lobbying
# w. s+ `+ [9 [ 16. Picketing1 Q W- m% P7 U& x* b4 B. U
17. Mock elections
& }; z/ f" _& N
) J" `$ p2 [+ v, W, vSymbolic Public Acts* l8 G& F! F1 `. r1 w8 s& f: G, c. H
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* n) [# b. e/ I 19. Wearing of symbols
C) {; ^" @7 ]3 V0 d& ` 20. Prayer and worship
$ A" z* g4 U7 A4 }1 G" J e 21. Delivering symbolic objects
* m# D$ h8 L% n/ J5 S 22. Protest disrobings
2 o5 C; f5 d+ V. a; c# f# B; g 23. Destruction of own property
1 b9 f: B; a4 `# {& L* k3 A8 G0 X, z7 E 24. Symbolic lights Z# O! y7 N' R- h9 k: O) l" F
25. Displays of portraits- O3 g4 u e* V$ v* c7 O3 N$ n" z9 F
26. Paint as protest
$ Q: v! I6 X: K% L8 S 27. New signs and names4 B4 p) }- T5 w ]+ P3 M
28. Symbolic sounds
4 t" n" u, A! g2 Q6 \! Y( f/ v' V+ \ 29. Symbolic reclamations1 @2 s/ L$ C8 G; N: D4 k" x
30. Rude gestures
* k( q( g- {1 ~0 o. B# I0 H
$ a* x) P3 q/ L# FPressures on Individuals# f& m' n% w( l. W! g* Q
31. “Haunting” officials) U9 b2 M2 V9 s
32. Taunting officials
. s6 D: E. T+ A; ]) X5 m 33. Fraternization
g6 B' A6 E. K- z1 w# y 34. Vigils
" M1 z I* s( R& k' f4 l* Y Q; I I) X7 y
Drama and Music
% T) o" B' c9 h( H$ f+ U# h 35. Humorous skits and pranks; P3 o" P7 K& H
36. Performances of plays and music
+ l6 c m5 c$ H9 `/ x+ Z, ?$ f 37. Singing4 f% ^$ e1 B8 G7 ]5 X1 v
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Processions/ o9 |* E- N) L3 l
38. Marches
; @; m9 Y( i& n J) d' s/ x 39. Parades! b6 n/ i) |% v4 N3 x* h
40. Religious processions
. T0 V' h7 t( l, d6 N* v6 M 41. Pilgrimages: c4 ?7 ?9 ~1 T4 x, ?
42. Motorcades- C1 `* z( V5 x7 n6 q
7 z0 c- n a6 n+ F) XHonoring the Dead6 w+ _# ^% c: e: p6 c9 R0 S2 z
43. Political mourning
1 H/ A% v6 |! }3 a |* @/ |$ W 44. Mock funerals
& k5 f" t7 k( V: F) _3 ^ 45. Demonstrative funerals! F: P: J+ ]$ Y) v( G
46. Homage at burial places8 Z+ L J( T: y/ @ r" {: o
3 ^+ k1 U) z X+ |Public Assemblies
) Q$ K7 B* o. k9 j1 A( m 47. Assemblies of protest or support
) s; ^* R4 P: ] @2 E 48. Protest meetings' Z0 k& ~6 ?$ Y- O: Z* z( P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 S# ~- ^# x* S) H# R
50. Teach-ins. r9 v- z0 B3 s; r0 j: C) k- P
% ]3 \ X' ?) K$ e* b2 C
Withdrawal and Renunciation2 w; Y( k- t) N# G. y/ \2 y1 j
51. Walk-outs/ \. _8 I1 q! s) }
52. Silence
9 f' G- P, U) y* X: { q 53. Renouncing honors; k: v: r+ f3 Q# s
54. Turning one’s back
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2 y3 ~; {) I9 S% A {THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, ]3 b+ b) q& o# t X
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2 i4 A+ B6 {5 s/ UOstracism of Persons# T" s: H, B8 Q. u9 {
55. Social boycott. P# I! i* v9 u- B& F9 Q* h
56. Selective social boycott3 k/ f* [# n4 c4 V% S7 \) M# o4 s
57. Lysistratic nonaction, Q0 ~& O) F @5 k1 f/ s9 s
58. Excommunication' j: [2 Q6 H7 @7 N/ U' n
59. Interdict+ J2 z) I7 L! W! W$ B4 J
5 b1 h) g) a7 h9 z @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ `+ j8 P' l: u" ]! ~
60. Suspension of social and sports activities" `2 V# G7 m2 T: z/ ?1 \% y O- R
61. Boycott of social affairs9 G4 ^" {' Q/ h: U b8 B I( [
62. Student strike
9 d0 m% x% }: l 63. Social disobedience! X$ N x- P7 d' T1 t- ~
64. Withdrawal from social institutions+ V$ a0 e( _: d7 Z7 K6 k
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Withdrawal from the Social System
6 M2 v3 Q) p F& U h! Q) f 65. Stay-at-home
; v, E+ r0 {" u! K 66. Total personal noncooperation
4 X1 j8 m) [1 r6 a$ b 67. “Flight” of workers1 g4 Q/ A& S; {* F, I
68. Sanctuary I w) [8 o3 x
69. Collective disappearance
- L8 A* `! l0 O$ C$ ~+ v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 {" [7 d: W2 F T4 A4 c" H& o, u
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 @# g3 |/ n, ]
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2 H, E' F# N( g. H: fActions by Consumers
& w- |% J; q% b+ w: x% ]7 |/ E, k 71. Consumers’ boycott6 E' z3 P5 F8 G' G+ [' d/ z" x$ F
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 U# D Z* X$ Z6 X: a' d 73. Policy of austerity
# {1 d }3 e! L* g8 a4 a/ X 74. Rent withholding
3 J" m% u) e! P b5 L% f 75. Refusal to rent
4 K! h$ n+ [/ U v( R 76. National consumers’ boycott
. c) I1 V' C' F$ g6 d 77. International consumers’ boycott
0 w8 N2 |) c9 F2 N1 n' K/ S6 [( v5 Q1 o9 i1 y/ L. S+ v9 K, O
Action by Workers and Producers
% Q4 G" d7 ^( Q8 V4 |) b 78. Workmen’s boycott. P/ a, A5 A8 a$ M1 L; m% w
79. Producers’ boycott0 e! D, e5 ?) V3 i7 S# U
4 X6 I1 h" x% ?3 NAction by Middlemen3 t* s1 Q; a0 [; C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 q+ L6 B- w1 O: V
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Action by Owners and Management7 w$ S0 A. w$ c
81. Traders’ boycott
4 _# U$ P6 {( E7 A' C' i 82. Refusal to let or sell property0 \& o& k, X# O7 T" c# S
83. Lockout
! s, O' y& v2 Z3 v9 G y) [4 U 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 v: Y8 }! V( a1 @ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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0 K8 M: X- q, G' n% O( IAction by Holders of Financial Resources* f' J9 S# Y( }( k6 {- \
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" w7 s& E. Y; q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) C. D, x6 V6 W
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- v% d( U: S5 b8 k- p) ]
89. Severance of funds and credit9 x0 d9 G% r3 w+ m7 e% z. X" q
90. Revenue refusal
+ ~8 @* D$ b) r; v/ F' [ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments! t P5 z+ B; l/ g
92. Domestic embargo) ~, ` s B0 p2 i$ y
93. Blacklisting of traders+ I5 I3 ^' P7 J; z4 _. X
94. International sellers’ embargo5 s6 N' u! }7 y, M9 R
95. International buyers’ embargo
* T/ g7 `# _. M. k6 H! w 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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: `& H. _4 w0 e& ?4 R, o+ ~; B: G. f
Symbolic Strikes
( D" U8 [7 d& D. m3 K% k 97. Protest strike
; A) S6 ^( a! ~' \3 F 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) a( W X$ v/ \/ ?. y& i }
5 l+ a) `2 e$ r1 \) V/ O0 y- ?" jAgricultural Strikes1 g5 h! a1 o1 Z1 t( f9 T4 R* U# y
99. Peasant strike2 B3 m/ v8 X& x2 v
100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 a4 w9 u7 j0 c' K& B
, R8 i2 ^5 Z7 W# XStrikes by Special Groups
" D; j4 e. C0 R0 ~2 R 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 q7 O6 t, W7 {9 O! ]; b' c5 L C8 K 102. Prisoners’ strike
. Y, T* n. I" _3 D: ^( g 103. Craft strike
`$ c. V( q: U- c0 ^& G/ L 104. Professional strike- \: \: s. M' w) l4 a
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes; Y/ k* e' L0 l: i/ E
105. Establishment strike* |2 T: i( J# W+ ~" [, i
106. Industry strike
9 h1 Z; T* p1 X6 }0 r5 {$ c8 p 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes) q) `. a4 k' Z+ k# g! Y
108. Detailed strike( `6 O) k# |$ x2 f! L
109. Bumper strike" r# Q* o7 t- G+ P/ [6 L8 _& U
110. Slowdown strike) M+ h. W( I3 J/ l. L1 m9 L
111. Working-to-rule strike8 W+ C# u2 v; f0 _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 \+ w' n9 ^# {2 u! E2 @7 e
113. Strike by resignation: j, ?; Q# y9 y( L V9 q0 w
114. Limited strike
) v- r& i) l- q# |# u: `# n 115. Selective strike
M( s8 Y- _- t
0 Y2 H, L0 w# o# _/ R4 g! oMulti-Industry Strikes" [# |9 Q: |2 l
. R) \1 f7 I1 {) Z( c# {/ k 116. Generalized strike
3 L* \% R% `5 d# J+ l
- O( h8 n; n/ _- H" s# C" f# S 117. General strike+ A) t2 Q5 {6 [/ n2 ? j8 m' e
, q8 K6 B+ J" o6 I' g# GCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% ~& _% U! d% {- a! d! y b& g
6 H/ ]; R% g0 S% f3 c 118. Hartal( D4 p+ W' C, ^# v
7 y8 Z% k: u! s1 K6 b8 `$ j8 [ 119. Economic shutdown9 X7 V! S: L) R4 _& r" W
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2 p8 q4 c5 {1 G! K$ s7 RTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% [2 B) \4 ~- B+ V+ ^
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Rejection of Authority/ E5 x$ g( R! b; P2 m; j
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 p9 [, D$ T' Z# z% T0 X0 | 121. Refusal of public support
( r. p! w) O6 R3 R: M 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' ]+ r; h! m+ E+ F, W- o! ^ v7 a# x4 s; Y Q6 z+ f, X3 R
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 L% N6 n, d% {1 o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, `. N" E) m! ]/ @ 124. Boycott of elections
7 t4 ?6 T* ]' X0 H 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 K+ L3 N! ?" @8 y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 x( N* D/ d6 F) E& x+ V! X
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# `; x, e& S n/ a- j& l8 Q. f3 K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ b5 |4 F& h: Q- N& k. K 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 d0 L- ]# U5 q. v, F( ]5 j; r
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ B9 ^ N& T( G3 s4 L, z) d" D \
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 c8 {6 g! M9 ]* ^ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ o' g7 H* L+ _& j9 _9 Z. W& \; ^
% ~& J1 {$ j: i% @( GCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. s7 R# A1 j+ O' z4 c9 R& H 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" [: b9 C8 X. B3 ^. v" S 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 K/ S p! U% Y7 U
135. Popular nonobedience
4 U8 g+ H/ r: o3 o! n( ] 136. Disguised disobedience
u* N2 W* \; K: {% Y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# W8 f* @& e# c# H7 }: z: r& u/ y 138. Sitdown
4 C: `0 ~6 w% A- R6 a$ ^8 A) i 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 j/ f5 @) d( @, {6 E2 y' m
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" Z- x" @% P0 t7 C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% T1 D& X5 a# R' d& X& ^: U; h0 Q5 l- W" J0 V0 Z0 ?/ m
Action by Government Personnel2 V/ f' s3 z5 p# y0 d% i
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) P+ b" u% C- b* l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 {; T: E1 w4 s8 v7 l1 u 144. Stalling and obstruction1 t$ B' V- s4 i- S
145. General administrative noncooperation
. A5 ^) [& T+ X- n- M9 ]! k1 e
0 C4 ?& d9 g( l/ x8 ?, N 146. Judicial noncooperation6 q; _$ K/ N/ U6 n8 v& p7 Q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 X: Y f* c& U% j( P% X6 p 148. Mutiny
, i0 h( t: w# a3 }+ Q8 hDomestic Governmental Action
! n; [' @' |8 U9 X 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ B- B0 @) y$ H/ ~, W+ [ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action
5 B; m8 ^9 \7 C, p- t, Y: P 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 J0 w5 s! V- z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 K0 `3 k/ \8 M' Z3 o% o 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& }4 h4 X/ O! p1 a9 ^1 ? 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ a) V# [+ J6 o 155. Withdrawal from international organizations" M6 @% b: Y7 d D w6 ]
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ f4 b$ E: V J0 g* ` 157. Expulsion from international organizations
5 B# Q+ W1 _$ _ `7 j, w2 I0 j2 p: _: e* ~2 c- L+ v* m
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% F( ^( E" G' Q TTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention& ?, a7 {$ V, Z( A. b8 i5 v
158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 M6 r7 A+ M9 v, E 159. The fast
2 T" c9 X3 T% w* O- @* t a) Fast of moral pressure& L0 ?5 k& F5 T6 P4 u& k
b) Hunger strike
. G" N" h; l" _3 v( |% t: G c) Satyagrahic fast
* }6 M* X. B% n' V, g 160. Reverse trial% C& c* |; Q+ F9 B
161. Nonviolent harassment
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( k- F$ m8 x* GPhysical Intervention/ y) O) m3 m* z
162. Sit-in4 y% O q" T1 u( a
163. Stand-in6 |) W9 J+ c- R% k! E
164. Ride-in% n5 h& j( T" K" ?9 N
165. Wade-in
' k7 @* o; N H) e: d( t F: ` 166. Mill-in
3 D0 w4 X/ a/ o, B% ~1 A 167. Pray-in
+ s8 `: j( J1 r7 O 168. Nonviolent raids; T( S; U9 Q4 w
169. Nonviolent air raids: \$ a8 U$ P* f( Y$ o$ q* W! L! Q
170. Nonviolent invasion' _4 f; O* O; t B$ B4 [
171. Nonviolent interjection
( r, H+ O' \4 e0 [# x" a 172. Nonviolent obstruction2 W0 |! X9 x5 r" O9 |. a/ T) ^
173. Nonviolent occupation
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& ?' d/ ~$ R: U* c+ ySocial Intervention, t" J8 N8 L6 b
174. Establishing new social patterns
3 L: k. i2 a% f! W) A) w( T I 175. Overloading of facilities
$ }4 c/ m2 @$ J0 C: w) q7 A& h 176. Stall-in5 ~; C' }+ d9 s+ f9 i5 V* }: \
177. Speak-in5 \' s# k2 U4 O: ^8 q+ K+ s' d
178. Guerrilla theater
, R& W8 T" U. G: r- P( R 179. Alternative social institutions
& x" t- B! v& W5 n5 f8 h- } 180. Alternative communication system& h8 [- u$ W4 T N4 D6 A
% k. J. H! U3 \4 u7 g4 eEconomic Intervention; _: l' y: a7 |* ^% C' @
181. Reverse strike
# ^* q$ t9 ?, O( O5 r 182. Stay-in strike6 U t" ~. d( [ i, x
183. Nonviolent land seizure% h) l& a- u, Y2 W6 `
184. Defiance of blockades
2 u$ Z/ E# e- G 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ A4 R# ^: ]" X U$ X0 Z
186. Preclusive purchasing" F4 M0 [/ t- b) L! C' u( ?- E
187. Seizure of assets
; h% ~: s/ X& j# J) } 188. Dumping) N' }: z2 Q0 L5 Z& E+ a3 v
189. Selective patronage! f( ]0 w1 K4 q, H! \% a* ]
190. Alternative markets
& Q8 Z' E$ i* K 191. Alternative transportation systems% u; d% {( B% G
192. Alternative economic institutions
2 [$ z$ j- X/ L! s4 e9 V8 x0 D/ Z9 J# |
Political Intervention, c5 E- j2 y; _& m
193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ }; u- b" r: e4 T: _ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ _" X9 |. G* j# v+ g* o+ m 195. Seeking imprisonment g) F( D1 Z. w& P% I6 E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. C4 |1 B' o) f1 z; `3 Z 197. Work-on without collaboration" g: s# N" X% q& U( y' s2 G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
