 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION C B9 R0 j( W: t7 A
Formal Statements u* l& e8 D3 G! j
1. Public Speeches5 F7 o$ n0 G4 [9 t Q; {
2. Letters of opposition or support ]% p$ _% @: u; c; B9 j+ ]& I* n
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- Q' [2 Z1 P, @
4. Signed public statements
! C, |$ {1 b% l: k; `( _$ T 5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ G. `! e9 s6 U' a) W
6. Group or mass petitions
7 P' y3 A7 i2 Y. x1 p9 Y
. R- S5 @; d/ ~* D9 VCommunications with a Wider Audience
7 ?; J1 l2 i8 d L/ E 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 D3 i6 O7 v& X" _* M
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 `8 A3 w) P) H$ Y1 Q# I% l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 l0 h# r5 o; \5 Z. J 10. Newspapers and journals# |$ h0 }) \" I; n# Y$ _% l* R
11. Records, radio, and television
& q, S9 E0 I9 h3 E* t 12. Skywriting and earthwriting# l* D9 [* L5 H
h% i# @0 e: JGroup Representations7 B. l6 W: }2 @" o: l: @, k# H
13. Deputations
5 U+ E6 @4 l. w/ B 14. Mock awards
$ x$ ?- S' f/ o p2 d 15. Group lobbying
4 e" K- C+ X% d4 |6 [ 16. Picketing
+ _7 E$ W4 H2 d+ u8 F. p& k9 t 17. Mock elections
" N( e! N5 Q$ t( }7 l: R# x
. }) n, h4 F3 ^* V8 KSymbolic Public Acts" p7 {. g. L( b5 d
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 o ^7 a; ^" `7 W! j8 g
19. Wearing of symbols" _, D# K- s" {" S) U* M% s
20. Prayer and worship% u3 Y) {9 [- U( J+ R2 S
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 [/ _9 J6 X" C, x9 F$ ? 22. Protest disrobings
' E9 E0 }# u, @+ |0 [+ T4 x7 X 23. Destruction of own property2 X" h+ N2 i. o, b+ u' P9 S
24. Symbolic lights @7 ^, {$ C b7 ?3 y' w- O
25. Displays of portraits
0 s+ N# ?$ q) m d: _, N 26. Paint as protest+ T0 H1 x) H4 T# T/ @
27. New signs and names# K. k7 g( I _ U+ E, g! \+ A1 T
28. Symbolic sounds! ] W4 q$ \* {& M# l, k
29. Symbolic reclamations
$ d! ]; P+ s6 p1 R% Z/ e$ ?; ~ 30. Rude gestures
! ]3 ^3 ^/ w2 A% @: F" a2 x+ F, \7 J
Pressures on Individuals; ^, G# _0 p" J8 w
31. “Haunting” officials. X* k! v4 D. ?" m. j5 z' C
32. Taunting officials
+ r6 m% D1 R; y; J) ^1 x' X 33. Fraternization. d! o9 e* Q# a f% q
34. Vigils9 V* e* y6 T$ Y. l) g
* |% z% M/ e. j# t, D1 b
Drama and Music
2 u1 \8 j3 K8 c& J* T& n 35. Humorous skits and pranks
! v0 V2 V8 ~1 I# X9 _ 36. Performances of plays and music
0 [1 P. G8 T% i7 g# d* e) ^ 37. Singing* s- n0 C% c0 R, R2 `3 u: B
+ J: ]) @/ s, T* @
Processions" H+ t0 m K1 z6 ]3 A u9 t' ]# E
38. Marches4 Y+ U" W! G% O
39. Parades# X- s# P2 n6 s; g* q! P6 q6 x9 H7 j
40. Religious processions) ^! i$ h" n+ V8 X i
41. Pilgrimages
4 d* v) C4 T, Y* P4 u' S 42. Motorcades# B: f' H1 l0 p" d( B' B- J3 ?
! u4 c1 F9 W9 _2 G1 a6 o- lHonoring the Dead5 Z: O! U4 q3 H! p+ P6 }2 a
43. Political mourning
( q" b8 s. r+ w3 g 44. Mock funerals
7 @) d/ C0 T; p! j) d6 m 45. Demonstrative funerals( Y2 X# k3 S3 }! s" E
46. Homage at burial places
9 l$ B! k2 n- K- A4 J0 M9 h& I
5 U" k3 w5 p: n& J9 n1 TPublic Assemblies$ ?. Z, s. j, V$ M( n
47. Assemblies of protest or support
: T2 f6 q9 Q3 q+ D1 X 48. Protest meetings
& D4 [9 }$ [( d; { 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- D( f; T. P/ c& v' z# v6 j
50. Teach-ins8 R- z; B9 t U1 F7 ?2 O R( }
. i$ Y; F5 C8 _, H: r
Withdrawal and Renunciation4 a3 E; B) \) O4 K4 D4 J- \
51. Walk-outs
, c! f, d5 `4 L* Q9 w1 J1 n- y w 52. Silence: U: _" v- _, ?9 v
53. Renouncing honors/ U0 s R3 W6 b& [5 L4 k
54. Turning one’s back) X: w; a- ?6 @: k0 i. P9 U" `! |
9 u' |: K8 A# P4 e' n5 g
3 k6 E7 k! `, T9 H( f7 r6 ]+ E( t; C
5 b- g; N) {* P1 Z; d
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 P) @# [1 {+ p; C* c* f# K6 ?8 N: ^: O/ W6 S. Y( D" K6 c5 d% C
7 ~4 Q/ r/ N' r, m, u
b4 g" T( n2 W: E
Ostracism of Persons
8 Y2 c/ \/ j( P& k" h1 o' v& Z 55. Social boycott1 L* s5 B/ h/ D5 d/ Z# p
56. Selective social boycott% L5 ?7 [8 c+ }/ h
57. Lysistratic nonaction
! S" w4 M6 X& d/ e: q, Z" B( ^ 58. Excommunication
4 ~ @$ {, D( H: h5 ]: |8 f 59. Interdict- w0 m" J" ~$ c) a
& Q* i' o$ f/ F7 U1 h9 e: lNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 F, ]$ R6 m* f+ ~/ z7 D3 _6 _" ?
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; X1 z, ?9 Q+ ~ 61. Boycott of social affairs3 E# e8 v9 Z3 U% s, O0 g8 y
62. Student strike
0 B3 t7 r0 A8 u7 a+ m2 |, ` 63. Social disobedience
$ Z L9 f* M6 i+ b: R 64. Withdrawal from social institutions, W* I8 j! G7 ~7 b) B) z
' D- Z. A7 t9 n. e8 |Withdrawal from the Social System
. N6 {7 c. E! N( U$ R 65. Stay-at-home( o4 {% J' N/ C1 a0 K5 U
66. Total personal noncooperation) }) B; m! B1 J# q9 u, c4 S
67. “Flight” of workers. A: s& v, |& ~ G
68. Sanctuary' y4 S% `: S" d, M* f1 u
69. Collective disappearance) p0 r2 A6 y( B- Z! y- P
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 a) |' d( K7 z+ p% K! x: r
# U5 A$ Q4 P$ p 3 _# j) T8 m |/ D* ~9 O% N1 b
1 R$ o* C: t1 K4 ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ G$ n1 b2 s. b
( a+ Q5 g' x" o- v/ H% I9 p! |( Y( N
7 X# ~& _2 ]1 o+ @& G: F% A" g6 |Actions by Consumers" b- Y+ z- C, y e$ j: L
71. Consumers’ boycott
5 s* I- M: t4 K, j" A' l# J 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) k' @/ Z' A' t) a
73. Policy of austerity
# \/ E. A5 Z* A9 n5 i 74. Rent withholding% h, {: L# ~5 t! u
75. Refusal to rent
T# [( U' c m" V/ X% `1 l) p# @' } 76. National consumers’ boycott
% [+ R4 C$ D' U- F4 o( x 77. International consumers’ boycott
* z7 ^/ T7 w+ V) m! t% v' |+ J
% J/ L9 L# q9 R) H; z/ HAction by Workers and Producers. ~& L! l5 t/ |# p6 @
78. Workmen’s boycott8 E- V z$ J' q" v8 Q1 f: f/ N
79. Producers’ boycott& J& D6 j1 C1 W6 {( @$ W
) ~% X) S N2 `& t. E
Action by Middlemen
0 i( W0 L2 }7 m/ V 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
e/ j9 r. y* `5 Y1 R5 ]* f; j$ M! x4 ^( l6 e$ a
Action by Owners and Management" H0 ~0 {+ D1 P
81. Traders’ boycott
! t- }' A0 j. j9 C* O5 e5 G 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ q" r; W' {1 A# Z 83. Lockout, T$ @9 z# r& M
84. Refusal of industrial assistance) l& q. m8 p( D0 Y8 h
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 J9 i! S0 J# a4 T9 C+ j
7 O* b7 `: b0 g( H2 iAction by Holders of Financial Resources. S7 {* K. X6 l6 [/ a
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. B" G& o" H0 `" k2 T
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 R6 t2 p9 G* s8 b$ R
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 I7 v: y* g' \4 Z
89. Severance of funds and credit
5 R& t4 u. B; a& ]" d! O7 E 90. Revenue refusal' v8 t9 K! ?$ A
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 y7 C. s8 X5 Q4 M2 g2 I4 K$ L) M% C. w1 z( D4 V
Action by Governments4 ?9 x: C5 F. }7 U$ c1 c
92. Domestic embargo4 F/ R5 H' m! s7 t4 ^5 u# E
93. Blacklisting of traders
, a9 b- L: Z! G 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 O& _& x9 U. S 95. International buyers’ embargo
4 i) m4 R( ?! d& H/ e% H7 j" ?. P/ Q 96. International trade embargo
9 N+ U* o1 }3 `( A
0 v4 d4 W7 t( }( V5 o6 ~; ^
' i7 z8 O5 l# y/ \% e% B& ?* [: w: a- ^+ W! l( ^9 D- z; S4 e
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
5 l# h) U( X0 j2 f8 N( B% j" K% Z5 P( a# b' x7 k
7 a9 e; O" W3 MSymbolic Strikes" v' r' K* V% o
97. Protest strike5 n3 Y$ \; J+ f9 y" ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): A* d! } [, l2 Z5 o
! \; M5 C+ B: i' bAgricultural Strikes# P) B% O( F) m3 _8 P
99. Peasant strike6 C- m2 [# \% U9 Y7 E7 U% h
100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 P4 I+ U' \" p7 U' j- }, Q" u+ y+ `( g2 B2 a2 i
Strikes by Special Groups* a- P0 p+ b; V9 N# Q
101. Refusal of impressed labor6 P) f8 H3 t( ^3 r
102. Prisoners’ strike
1 C) j9 R& F; Y. a2 l' ^( r 103. Craft strike
" A; z) W4 @8 L8 R) i 104. Professional strike
4 M( p; v$ S5 |7 _1 C* _) F& |' r* p4 S, D0 q' Z# E5 t
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
3 J* C$ \. L* p1 i! @ 105. Establishment strike
4 e% X1 Y* r! T0 E. f: W5 ~: `% E 106. Industry strike. T L3 ~2 B6 X; L: q" h3 W4 j3 T G! r
107. Sympathetic strike
: w9 _) r! v7 n) k4 ~; p( E, }) W
Restricted Strikes/ q8 G3 b, S1 S0 a1 a; N" P# h
108. Detailed strike
/ `2 s) E8 j8 j5 M 109. Bumper strike3 _. v3 t* M; F
110. Slowdown strike
- f4 r5 C k. H. Y. X$ ^% D 111. Working-to-rule strike. L! Y: y/ d$ F6 H! ~+ Q# n/ B
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), j) W8 [: y) N4 n f( [
113. Strike by resignation
% A: ^. V; T: n3 s- m' g9 N 114. Limited strike3 L* H$ ^6 U9 b0 P- @9 ~
115. Selective strike6 w: q9 ?5 \; q1 x, x
5 `/ P. j1 K1 I2 J6 f* g4 F: kMulti-Industry Strikes
" G3 C" _/ X/ `4 R9 w. O q' f9 M4 ?! N4 n; B+ I0 e1 [7 t
116. Generalized strike* b W# @8 `3 E5 M2 f# V* s' y
4 o. E3 A, O8 S
117. General strike
+ \5 x1 P% w0 _8 G4 ^! Z/ W; a7 E
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 }7 a# o2 f3 c: \9 ]
! P. w9 S+ v1 _" S9 | 118. Hartal
) U6 c' `$ V) S* {+ h* `4 m) i% C
+ B5 U7 ^' v" b% o 119. Economic shutdown
. N. [' ]' y0 Q! L8 x& B! }% U' O% j
) t- K) ^) i4 j3 f& l- }- h3 ~9 \; b3 ]' m! s: {, w
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 L, y* p; B, H. Y3 x" }5 e" ?* H+ [% H$ Q# ?; m2 ~7 P/ y- E
3 U* ~- H, h# ^( S2 RRejection of Authority
+ S% A: j5 W( H1 N! j. l 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: o& y. E4 D$ C2 p c% s# ?* Y 121. Refusal of public support
+ H8 ^$ q% r, p$ M 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ W$ d, P- P# ?# {# Y5 }/ _
& A' k/ R( B& q. \% v1 GCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 I# H" {6 Z: R# B3 i) s* J& H5 }
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 D) P& W5 b% x ~- \ 124. Boycott of elections1 o3 e5 |$ ~4 a. v W1 h4 B
125. Boycott of government employment and positions% n* X4 j( d" z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' \4 Z$ I# z/ E4 v. f; U, T Y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ ]/ g9 o- I) b
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ Q3 ?$ ]9 u, ]( I: f 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, `, [, |5 U# a
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. C8 {4 b3 Q# B$ a 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials ^- @* w% Z: v1 y6 @% c9 m/ L7 h" Q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; ]+ @# I* X9 a A
( w5 {, z- n! v1 JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; ~& o# ~# }1 H% G& F V 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' q7 Q7 @+ A) p/ Y9 ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- Q, h7 n t+ n9 O
135. Popular nonobedience0 v, Y! o) G7 I9 Y+ x3 A
136. Disguised disobedience; G8 `8 ^+ I/ A6 A8 ~& p+ B8 {
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- l9 l! c% D# n
138. Sitdown2 y9 u: E( P- Z Y- D# }; Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" {* k* l) H0 ~: a. ^/ D 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ x P4 X* q* S0 Y% ^- r9 O) Y7 `/ g
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, f/ i) K( u4 S8 E
% W- p. F$ ?" h7 `Action by Government Personnel. p# B% E/ C% T1 k
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- j7 y# q o2 C 143. Blocking of lines of command and information B) P" m% p3 W& X: u
144. Stalling and obstruction
; O5 |5 |( f. v8 ~ 145. General administrative noncooperation
( n( W% P, b' c3 P9 D" N ?
G3 `; s: U* @ 146. Judicial noncooperation* l6 o: l! w; Y. V9 E
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) K+ M' E! D I- Z" ?8 t
148. Mutiny3 v/ E% u3 i2 a i3 i
Domestic Governmental Action/ e( R; L. \/ A: H# @
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" F6 F# [& W& H, \% Z. X 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 Y v/ Q- @ d" V+ [+ W
0 Q2 b: b% g, hInternational Governmental Action. s: r' I I/ ^; e
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; q+ z: D8 E S$ ~: }3 V 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" o# \5 f9 M4 \2 }5 { f9 x 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 s6 j& ^ p$ }% G5 T6 a; j 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. p9 f0 o( r' Q1 R# l0 ?
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" P- Z" @" ?" L7 H2 H" H7 P7 c r 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 v% \+ a; L" ~9 O" a6 P& y) G 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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+ n/ y7 u0 {6 s5 `/ S
! D- W8 l, F. j k" o# d6 UTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, `6 }! O |# K( L" \
/ m# X# }0 j0 m7 D " s' P) d) @+ M# i6 \2 B
Psychological Intervention- e, f! x$ K* c$ Y
158. Self-exposure to the elements: }/ y, c# u! a6 l" H; Q+ m. k( {
159. The fast
' W& E! w# m5 k+ m. u a) Fast of moral pressure
, @3 K& c% E L6 \$ V7 D8 q b) Hunger strike
6 A; b- |: Z$ E8 |4 k& h. o7 e c) Satyagrahic fast
: ]1 ]* v$ |8 m( t! W1 w2 D' X9 M 160. Reverse trial# E; x- G. i, p! b: f# H
161. Nonviolent harassment- d3 p0 _. ~, l7 H1 T6 C; }
# J7 W% t0 p& s7 | Q
Physical Intervention
2 z* d# f* u( H0 N& P$ { 162. Sit-in
$ N, w3 r4 [( f/ u* A4 [6 y3 r 163. Stand-in/ a9 e- X/ Y8 g% s. c7 J2 h3 k- E
164. Ride-in
# e! |9 M9 M* T7 I l# a 165. Wade-in* g* M i6 p7 n5 M2 W! {8 c
166. Mill-in' k9 f5 d6 e3 h- `% n3 X
167. Pray-in* l6 v5 I/ t6 Y3 |" q2 J& J3 X
168. Nonviolent raids, V9 j, M8 _, f( y* w8 `
169. Nonviolent air raids
( x0 { l* }0 Z4 t/ C* O0 |5 F" V 170. Nonviolent invasion4 |5 @7 w+ F# M* ?2 \ g
171. Nonviolent interjection+ L5 w$ @/ f# ~9 W6 G$ K
172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 @+ s& H; f9 k, U, S" e 173. Nonviolent occupation
. ^" S9 c# q, a4 k' L# f" Q c% P7 w5 ]9 i$ {$ u `2 ~7 e
Social Intervention9 d% U/ x3 |+ n! `) s
174. Establishing new social patterns' v: a( q4 \$ N3 G: ?. W$ w
175. Overloading of facilities
# F2 X& h# ]# D1 \ 176. Stall-in
6 {; ]0 ~) R2 v5 @/ j4 z. U6 U n 177. Speak-in" r* ]' g4 w w; u1 h4 j
178. Guerrilla theater- `) w$ }( M/ r
179. Alternative social institutions3 U1 e) @: \3 ?, j8 b5 v& `3 _2 J9 h
180. Alternative communication system+ B; G# E9 Y- C' x3 F' `2 y: V
: n+ ?: J+ Z4 } b
Economic Intervention
0 f2 H$ c- j% U. X! g 181. Reverse strike+ V9 ]& H* ~" p4 t s% m7 u+ G
182. Stay-in strike
1 |) j$ {/ o5 A' ]+ p2 P' W j 183. Nonviolent land seizure; T- H; l4 W: p) d
184. Defiance of blockades
V& ^: l# W4 b2 o7 y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% T* ]/ k8 ~1 m9 U3 h
186. Preclusive purchasing
8 h7 x1 ~8 b3 k' ?: P 187. Seizure of assets
' T3 G, @5 d. k. w( G 188. Dumping$ ], a4 V7 b8 ?/ J, g) E
189. Selective patronage0 r; Z3 P3 s3 g" K1 W
190. Alternative markets
% z8 l G8 O6 M7 I+ K3 y# p 191. Alternative transportation systems+ Y9 Q7 B2 F9 \6 Y# X
192. Alternative economic institutions
, v$ |, w4 e H4 Q$ k- H7 U$ C# o# t" c% r! Y7 B2 A5 }
Political Intervention
5 U* j' S: |. E3 q 193. Overloading of administrative systems5 u/ D1 u: X( s8 b: P
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' h+ f' {. {" {2 v: o 195. Seeking imprisonment
1 I) o$ v4 ^/ x, \& c1 {+ z9 } 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws( O+ V1 y2 Z" z3 K5 c
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 d! J# W- x+ q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 n' M5 c- o B6 B5 _! I
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
