 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. q8 P% L/ t4 _% |6 Q
Formal Statements5 v" _% b( O {( \
1. Public Speeches
9 |- l4 V9 y2 j6 V2 B. K/ @2 `& n 2. Letters of opposition or support
# y, w# e! b4 v8 f 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! d% }( ^* t3 {5 f# ?
4. Signed public statements
" Z. B" g( s5 Q; C& ~- v& [9 b9 E 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# m; A6 I A6 h; V( ]; E% H 6. Group or mass petitions) p* k! o0 W( x3 h
, n6 ]# ^+ h* V' z2 U4 ^* j! w1 f
Communications with a Wider Audience4 J( S' U+ o$ |6 p6 Z4 g1 N7 m
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" R9 {- d2 m+ O0 H
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* e$ E* U7 y- E7 `, ^ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; ^/ Z, @ ` f! D9 g8 H
10. Newspapers and journals
9 ~! ?( N9 {: Y5 p3 |+ W( M, H) a 11. Records, radio, and television
& B2 `2 h/ Z2 h _7 o8 x+ k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 d2 x: p5 H3 N. m
) Q5 m& [6 B0 A' o3 @+ n& O& PGroup Representations8 @, N p7 t4 m/ h
13. Deputations! ^/ V1 j7 z! @' I0 e- o% F
14. Mock awards2 ]% L6 F- s. t
15. Group lobbying: Z% {/ z9 {6 i7 r5 t3 u
16. Picketing. O$ y& J8 x6 h$ n9 k
17. Mock elections
" c d1 W- X! ~$ f5 f' t; }8 l& W9 a# L+ S) X' O% R
Symbolic Public Acts
& o0 v3 K* _! K0 l 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 _+ ]/ J/ }0 j+ P! \9 T/ t& C
19. Wearing of symbols1 h- d+ j6 {( C. ^3 }; i( S
20. Prayer and worship
2 e+ ?$ C& v2 J 21. Delivering symbolic objects/ m4 z' v% _: S8 E+ Z
22. Protest disrobings& n* T" C' H* K2 W E$ q$ \( a' x
23. Destruction of own property
5 @& D9 [- E; m! T; d. t2 l 24. Symbolic lights# [( g, {5 o& {7 o$ P' z( d
25. Displays of portraits
; z5 Y+ e7 x% ~. a# t9 H Y 26. Paint as protest
3 O* n) w4 F: J9 r. A5 [ 27. New signs and names3 n5 B4 I8 d% V" T
28. Symbolic sounds
, g7 g) t& \$ w- P. Q- W 29. Symbolic reclamations( A7 Q* t8 u z3 M: S" }/ _
30. Rude gestures
( f% y# Q0 F/ j. \+ b
# Q" }/ n& y8 J1 {' {( d; D' g% T7 |Pressures on Individuals
3 S2 t6 F0 }, ~. o3 k( f 31. “Haunting” officials: L7 U0 w+ Z) U0 k. O! W
32. Taunting officials/ m: W/ `' W4 V& e8 ?6 U8 x
33. Fraternization
5 p: Y0 q' o" ^. z% a, ?, g 34. Vigils
1 ^- H5 z) X1 @9 U( ^+ o2 `
8 M) t6 t$ E1 c! z7 {2 n, _3 f/ eDrama and Music
M, [# I. {4 `9 \; {* T 35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 @! D/ J" t+ d0 _0 l7 C3 p4 I 36. Performances of plays and music1 a8 ]8 e) X+ Z0 ]1 {" c. [8 F8 Z
37. Singing
1 x8 J$ p* Q/ t& S- z
9 j/ |% v" B& q! K. OProcessions6 U8 @. k) | q: r; c
38. Marches
( W: k U" w& d 39. Parades/ |9 S: E- F4 K: O2 L
40. Religious processions
* |: Y" b+ K8 R1 [: S9 _ 41. Pilgrimages' P$ d. u H0 R3 g2 ^4 c
42. Motorcades
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' { P1 Y4 ^3 q% j1 {Honoring the Dead( D `7 ?& ]) e- i) _. W( `% o! R q
43. Political mourning
4 m' x" j6 e. S+ K3 m& X$ y( Y 44. Mock funerals7 R; {7 w; P- P
45. Demonstrative funerals: g1 G2 \7 E% i* B2 b. s4 e
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies& M0 |' ?* ~" c" @) L [: X
47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 l0 i, A6 u4 j: ~' T/ ~9 m$ K/ t 48. Protest meetings3 D7 _* F+ U, s# \: z7 C
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: ^0 l3 `# ?/ k% s' M 50. Teach-ins! ]% {/ r. u! S) G$ I
+ }9 h3 u) x8 L
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) X* [9 |3 O" c) e+ W8 \3 S7 X 51. Walk-outs6 c* l V/ f8 c: ]: o
52. Silence
" }/ E6 a& z2 s: t. z5 R 53. Renouncing honors: T4 G! B8 b0 J3 f4 z
54. Turning one’s back# V+ S+ q; B0 A4 w
v6 f# Q4 U1 o4 h3 k" b6 N7 U9 W4 R
% }4 S5 F% Q+ F
" T: I" J8 [/ B4 L: }/ w( ~' |
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 a3 r( Q1 V, r- ^* M* kOstracism of Persons
8 \8 w5 X9 b- ~. T$ S0 h 55. Social boycott
) u* l7 }" R6 e! B& r6 x 56. Selective social boycott
4 R8 i% J" _/ A# W9 [; |' u' x: H 57. Lysistratic nonaction. K# |) W- [9 u6 S0 p+ j
58. Excommunication
* c# V! f6 J! \$ A5 r$ P 59. Interdict5 H5 R$ o1 Q2 G% F) x/ |+ a
; F; a1 U# j) F8 [( HNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 h9 B. E! _ h4 I- F- | 60. Suspension of social and sports activities! @5 v+ I; z( v2 E
61. Boycott of social affairs
% {! C7 O2 A Y" ~ 62. Student strike
$ t; y& ~& W! u6 J 63. Social disobedience
/ C/ s ]( ?7 k9 W$ a$ A 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& G/ l* r! h, R) v1 S" h; n! N4 @
# {4 m/ N3 ?; l+ NWithdrawal from the Social System
9 Q/ q/ _) n9 y3 m 65. Stay-at-home
+ w+ N2 t5 A/ z3 o5 z 66. Total personal noncooperation7 M x/ g+ n6 G5 j
67. “Flight” of workers! A0 O- ^5 p/ E/ D& l) x- ^
68. Sanctuary1 ~/ X4 m# m. e( t3 ^4 a' O
69. Collective disappearance+ B9 `) V$ x/ R- U3 A' g/ `, x
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 d0 [0 K# K+ d$ m4 ~8 y: s, @2 G9 Y& L/ \
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Actions by Consumers6 p% k5 i/ H( E3 a
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 q0 F+ c N! v/ U 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ z$ b2 `; e- E+ Z
73. Policy of austerity
& h; f' P# E0 F9 h* B 74. Rent withholding
0 @7 W6 O' o# z5 r2 { 75. Refusal to rent
1 i! T1 r) i& A/ w) f2 d 76. National consumers’ boycott$ }5 C' h" m5 y4 q$ x) \7 U
77. International consumers’ boycott1 P* l4 ^. Z+ J) Y& r
( M4 c- t5 `/ h8 B* i: q2 P
Action by Workers and Producers
+ H- f/ f; N' |5 R 78. Workmen’s boycott
5 s' B8 `+ v+ Z' A( A 79. Producers’ boycott
5 m9 d- H* K) i1 U- {$ e
0 v; q5 p0 l# f$ qAction by Middlemen: V5 y( H* O- W
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ ^" g" M" C1 P% n3 n8 W
3 c( y. [7 w$ t
Action by Owners and Management
0 O" X: r. |* ~" A6 n# m! o! G 81. Traders’ boycott, j& c' @8 g- A# B' Q) c
82. Refusal to let or sell property( u7 [# H. o" \
83. Lockout% G$ m c \- ]1 e- e
84. Refusal of industrial assistance" S$ D( w! D% y/ ~$ s
85. Merchants’ “general strike”' R" `6 \' r9 E. }& p- [- [& F
+ u* n' v( X" _$ H6 q' o7 lAction by Holders of Financial Resources5 C* F1 t$ z( ]
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; @9 J2 @' O, q5 a( r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% b# U' V& ^& }! c, `! B 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 o: w; ~+ R, g0 U 89. Severance of funds and credit
. b, S5 _ r) ~' D 90. Revenue refusal
/ m2 Q5 @7 M4 K% k; `: } 91. Refusal of a government’s money# Q8 W) C- m" t" N5 q* Y! z
% ~. x1 ]+ |( x! B. F- Z: WAction by Governments
6 V) ?: G; R+ ]% w- x, M3 Y. g; u 92. Domestic embargo4 }! b8 O; {* z+ b# {
93. Blacklisting of traders( t( S" ^+ i( G) q8 i
94. International sellers’ embargo) _- ]& W5 {" U4 P2 \3 b+ s
95. International buyers’ embargo% O6 d5 y r. a) r, b$ I% S' D: a
96. International trade embargo
7 r3 h4 ^& O( N2 G
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, M/ k( \; M a6 C" A
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0 f! }4 B4 J4 C+ i ~0 \ wSymbolic Strikes E( M; c+ _ K" l
97. Protest strike
1 f1 x. l% ?8 e4 L: G 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 {* d! }. \* [; @3 s% l
/ }# h9 J: F6 u1 N8 fAgricultural Strikes O4 T& G9 h/ p
99. Peasant strike
9 a+ N z n4 s 100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 d+ v* k I& j. U' M
: F7 G7 J1 U3 \& e/ q) VStrikes by Special Groups: r8 r/ p5 I) J9 W' \
101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 A6 F/ O- P! }$ h/ A 102. Prisoners’ strike
! X3 f9 C0 o% q p5 j 103. Craft strike
# ]2 C- @- j; E% N 104. Professional strike: }) `7 l& O r3 W
' \5 W6 K) R2 Y8 K+ _* B" i8 D% i/ Q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes4 E0 ^; H/ I) t' X5 _7 y4 c
105. Establishment strike. ~6 A* V" ?! X
106. Industry strike
/ Y0 X3 n3 I( C4 ^6 Z( \4 u9 p2 u 107. Sympathetic strike% n; e+ V8 y6 K
6 p; L2 a5 {4 I4 ^$ |5 c. X) k! M n DRestricted Strikes6 y2 \+ W) P2 V4 _( C. E) Q1 o |
108. Detailed strike
G/ x) D- V# L7 b7 J$ l 109. Bumper strike, P; H) j3 l' t2 c7 W! p
110. Slowdown strike
$ p. L" [% d5 R5 |/ J 111. Working-to-rule strike
$ B& ~# H9 _; C* F# q. Q" i 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 n$ i6 {5 p! Q* a9 O! b8 O 113. Strike by resignation
2 ^- S' A4 n: [8 a 114. Limited strike+ `5 t0 w, S: J/ ^* a5 C# s
115. Selective strike
7 i5 s/ a% A6 I' u. G5 K* j
- w0 m0 T, C0 U' @8 OMulti-Industry Strikes, |( c1 B4 J2 x H _
# q% ]/ l* e' m a; r8 e7 w$ j# o 116. Generalized strike% i: @7 ~ c7 o# m* h
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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2 ^: q+ @9 P0 Z. L- L( ^0 q. @ 118. Hartal. G0 a- r8 p, |# w: j% z
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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& x& e0 ~! Q: O" b) k3 u5 q6 rRejection of Authority) I5 R5 V' S, p+ D' @6 K. Z z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance J& Q3 }$ H' V. k, k6 Y3 L
121. Refusal of public support
$ |) r8 E, b# Y- F0 j% N8 q) } 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ t) N. m- o3 ^! H. l# p
6 F, x) y& u8 {; q8 L& J
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) ?4 K; a$ u2 O* X, a3 |6 J, T% n4 k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 F9 L3 W& a: o7 e) `0 n 124. Boycott of elections
; ~) B) R6 z% ` ?9 d 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 U0 }4 x1 M0 i 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( u5 Q# u: m; I% X
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- C1 N( z$ P+ ^7 Y* y2 l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 z) ]7 [ R, A! h/ Z: [; L 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ d' J4 \1 S( D2 k; ?/ A; B# h4 M8 b 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 u* S: r; t J5 D2 }
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 V; b/ c5 n9 Y" s9 Z0 z; x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
E! i ]6 l3 U2 R3 [4 x8 {+ Q5 z' k) p4 e
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; ]9 Z+ X- ^3 V' R- A# ]* k
133. Reluctant and slow compliance) b) |- `2 F1 z- y) j$ S# y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
|! E1 j" p+ O& U0 ?5 ]$ Y 135. Popular nonobedience
h+ A4 Z# p( F$ g4 z3 D8 U: w: g 136. Disguised disobedience
# M2 ?2 R, N$ F 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 |' e+ i6 y G" \' y 138. Sitdown" R2 Y6 V I; ]. k, `$ ]
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- l# D! C# T" K% c/ i
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& z% s2 A" k2 q3 `6 J, j5 Q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" _1 c8 M* J1 ^7 G" W3 _# N) C2 _' R. g% O' p3 p
Action by Government Personnel# G" a9 H2 N- ^/ ^) M
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
6 ^, Y6 V5 f9 _2 X( V 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# {- A3 {) Q) A" [$ w& \8 W' O 144. Stalling and obstruction) E0 J, `8 [: V
145. General administrative noncooperation( S: ] z/ T( ^1 ^( H2 Q
) F( X C/ r3 ?' D$ C 146. Judicial noncooperation9 H9 L3 _+ W1 f$ E+ [- H
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: H3 a5 F3 {0 ^, U; o/ M- m4 a
148. Mutiny
0 W) S' o* V! K: g* zDomestic Governmental Action+ z0 L; U, G7 _! p* B5 e, s, \2 ?
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: G0 }. r- `* |; v v4 F. y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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6 Z( k& n" R) S1 J# }8 _+ ?International Governmental Action( F/ |9 o" u9 L
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) u7 @ f- ?/ a: _0 g. |& F
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" @- p7 `7 E5 G$ F' b 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& t' U8 q6 q" z: g* X- T1 E 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 d# O- o/ ^5 u2 X& e! O! M 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 l5 t9 k/ `+ f8 }
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% \$ M$ S" n9 p! R) M 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& J4 m# L+ x9 ~4 `: l/ q, w
7 f1 }* I3 \- _: r3 R
7 [+ d9 ^; g# F5 p ~Psychological Intervention* _1 e2 l. V1 W6 X. C* ], O
158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 T0 v- K# s8 N1 D6 H 159. The fast
0 I$ j7 |# F/ m8 f& u* ~% p7 D a) Fast of moral pressure
0 Z9 y% w; Y) L8 F& r$ Q b) Hunger strike) v$ e7 s9 B. r+ o
c) Satyagrahic fast
* P, s& G, [6 z1 \ 160. Reverse trial' Z! u. O; d0 k. ^
161. Nonviolent harassment, W1 h$ v, K3 L4 ~; @1 k# |
+ ]5 l1 l+ X* m2 z
Physical Intervention0 s% N0 b0 _( O$ p
162. Sit-in: U, M' W3 ?+ q7 _# E- I8 u6 Z" N; m
163. Stand-in3 M0 S) ?0 r# o l' x( s
164. Ride-in0 ]. G( Z$ L: }; H) O4 |, }
165. Wade-in
) r( ~; G$ k& h) u/ e' d 166. Mill-in
- E. r6 u7 C$ k; ~$ |& ` 167. Pray-in
) e* {5 C8 S' H" M: W. @- z; f 168. Nonviolent raids
9 B: o. A( C! X7 g! ^ 169. Nonviolent air raids
4 M5 y R8 _) L+ ~. s6 ] 170. Nonviolent invasion
4 h7 ?: [/ j2 k2 j 171. Nonviolent interjection
0 ^% J: ^" e2 P 172. Nonviolent obstruction G. h# i$ n3 W8 `9 G* l7 `8 a' m
173. Nonviolent occupation3 [! D, ^9 x: W. b
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Social Intervention# b0 o( [- M4 c2 r3 r% p
174. Establishing new social patterns
; x6 @! K, u/ ?. e. l 175. Overloading of facilities, C* _% N7 z9 @) c6 I p
176. Stall-in4 y. |7 T& W @0 b: i
177. Speak-in/ F+ c& }# G: @, b$ k# g- _& Q! g
178. Guerrilla theater
5 E% _/ P8 z: ?3 |9 Y6 j: I 179. Alternative social institutions+ S" W @+ {( {0 }8 H4 N
180. Alternative communication system# ?9 k- I. G6 B \0 Y+ u) T
/ B+ W7 }' P. p( a0 Z) q3 U$ R6 ZEconomic Intervention! b' x/ D% R/ M- z- v, l2 a7 u9 ]! G
181. Reverse strike
9 x3 A( ?; V# c1 U* B% I1 E3 }1 f5 G0 D 182. Stay-in strike
/ G% y8 e* f/ l( l 183. Nonviolent land seizure( `# f, y" ^' R; d3 F
184. Defiance of blockades- Q0 r# S6 _8 S5 o3 _, U
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! A! `% W; |1 Q/ V8 F; L' z8 z 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 o- b/ J) S4 M; k! J2 X 187. Seizure of assets8 z# \3 T1 _+ y5 e. I3 s
188. Dumping
+ S! E7 }5 w! ]9 I% {! U 189. Selective patronage
9 j7 }& V" A3 u/ ] n 190. Alternative markets
* ?! L S6 _% c6 g: q 191. Alternative transportation systems
* V2 Q0 r1 K( O3 s) X1 H 192. Alternative economic institutions
% _/ \- I# R( S, \2 B6 ^/ w
0 f( k6 b( x7 i; q cPolitical Intervention
9 N: _4 O( X r4 F 193. Overloading of administrative systems
, @; p& `6 p- i1 K2 s: H N4 c 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 p! }: N, u: c) D6 N! d" n
195. Seeking imprisonment
! _( X" p; B8 l% j* o 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 y. z( {- B5 n3 c! Y
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 i* X. t3 g! K$ R9 ?2 { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
6 Z* k: j. e3 u1 O$ X9 Z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
