 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 ?: c' W* {( |, a% w0 mFormal Statements
- g& k8 e& x. b" N8 M 1. Public Speeches
7 ~0 q8 |1 g- E' v2 K) }) t 2. Letters of opposition or support% I/ g6 ^& o7 j1 g4 D {2 } }
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, E5 E) G! {/ ? J) e 4. Signed public statements7 @2 x0 I1 Q4 P, g7 c' ?
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# Q/ X5 X- a6 b/ q' W+ q 6. Group or mass petitions
& n$ \) ^ b7 r3 ~( V# p C3 q# K, b* }( B$ g; r" `8 n7 K
Communications with a Wider Audience& n1 r" l: v/ o: r7 Z) r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- A9 m$ T' H; V) \ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ E) p1 F7 Q, y) n( j; T
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% E2 v: v& ^0 Q- f; a
10. Newspapers and journals
& x8 t+ g5 ^# m m) X 11. Records, radio, and television5 X, s2 }1 ?/ e
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: E! ]9 D# w# [' `. u9 f* Z2 ~8 p- T9 f$ A
Group Representations
& W; m7 }% J8 l 13. Deputations
: `0 J* a8 ^. p7 O9 L7 Z9 K 14. Mock awards
7 F6 L( a3 ~& X3 Z( g' E 15. Group lobbying
% a. H/ \" d0 ^7 f 16. Picketing
( J/ d( O# J7 p7 ] 17. Mock elections
* B1 m+ O* e% i7 {* s2 P3 H$ N! \4 [" V; C9 D$ Q- T
Symbolic Public Acts3 o. b, P. b6 f6 O
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- h5 }6 f# r$ K; Q$ t 19. Wearing of symbols1 H2 E+ l) ~' a
20. Prayer and worship
+ D9 |1 s D; i) c5 { 21. Delivering symbolic objects
( W# r% |4 e9 n' ~% Q 22. Protest disrobings
: f/ d! |7 p! W$ u' q4 ~9 q6 t 23. Destruction of own property8 h9 R9 N. F0 o( J) z2 V; C- x
24. Symbolic lights
' [1 M5 p0 O! y4 g; {. e 25. Displays of portraits# N3 ^! G' x1 H- i$ q b
26. Paint as protest
" R& |# V$ }) Q) w 27. New signs and names
' m( V2 t* k; [! \9 c! s 28. Symbolic sounds
3 S% m$ M0 r: F0 T; W 29. Symbolic reclamations6 Y( l1 f- a2 l
30. Rude gestures! i/ _) Z% C0 A r( v# H _ x' v5 v2 D
8 m+ O( N4 _' ]
Pressures on Individuals6 G; p3 |$ A0 V5 U& I
31. “Haunting” officials
' O+ w; k+ ]$ G$ Y" C1 U* L E1 E 32. Taunting officials: ~# }6 Z: `9 s
33. Fraternization4 b i8 J( ^/ n/ }
34. Vigils
- Z1 c3 P! j: ?' K: w( ?
1 W) E$ ~# K, A0 U z Y# {Drama and Music
6 ~- o; e X- O. n 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 \; j7 g$ N1 ^+ k2 Q! ^& { 36. Performances of plays and music) f9 S4 V4 g$ V' i! L: x
37. Singing
/ q: Q9 ]8 Z- Z( m
- K0 B6 [8 a' D& AProcessions. }" O' m3 `9 V* j' H
38. Marches: h1 l7 e0 j* g. z
39. Parades
' h8 R1 Z' `: ~4 \ p 40. Religious processions
7 d% {" Z* {7 Z( v$ r' m 41. Pilgrimages3 }, l" ?+ B6 Y2 E' n ?! c
42. Motorcades
4 I) z7 S# S4 x, `% w
- S/ I ^$ ]1 c3 jHonoring the Dead
9 u2 X* a/ T) l0 s 43. Political mourning
$ G, M: j& x$ H" j7 R; f 44. Mock funerals& a* `5 V) [/ g5 r7 E) V
45. Demonstrative funerals% {8 W% Y5 j& q* [
46. Homage at burial places
) d. J( F, C. a& \3 A. @- O0 I- Z- y0 i( \; S, _/ Z2 T5 T" ~0 [ C* s
Public Assemblies w8 m0 j- t6 }. s$ a
47. Assemblies of protest or support3 B# I+ J2 f0 U" t
48. Protest meetings
; X7 Z% q, o# q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 s2 y6 X! f& A+ @0 c& ` 50. Teach-ins& B( A+ ?; a, @. R2 `9 S+ G
, c8 [! v0 p& k# ^
Withdrawal and Renunciation
5 G, b# d8 H- p$ U2 I: G+ n 51. Walk-outs
: M' Z1 V/ M) @: x9 p7 ~2 L# d 52. Silence. U) b: S( K6 v& f3 Z _5 F
53. Renouncing honors
1 A. \! ^" q+ b; F9 o% t9 s 54. Turning one’s back
% x' J5 z5 F1 Z7 v4 m5 X5 I* s) t: l H1 t8 Y0 V
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; y- c7 G: K; JTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 W% M) i. x. [, X) z1 h* h+ B) `6 z
, a+ i% q" W8 ]) R: g( w3 o0 t4 ~. Y+ a- y, |* G- \
Ostracism of Persons
; S; D3 P) G+ {- Q' ^% D/ T 55. Social boycott
7 O4 _7 D2 L# n" ? M% u 56. Selective social boycott' l+ x4 r$ N. H8 G" ^$ p
57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ x; d! q/ g2 R* @& z# }4 a1 Z 58. Excommunication1 }$ a% z: f$ d$ g2 o8 C4 S% E
59. Interdict
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/ f2 V* L: q, a9 tNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# o+ W- n6 s. k6 A# a' {- m: x
60. Suspension of social and sports activities. }) \3 a5 U. \, F' S2 W
61. Boycott of social affairs( j9 Z6 m# U0 j+ U! V; \6 u' E
62. Student strike8 D) H/ G3 a- |
63. Social disobedience
8 h* \3 j. q* h2 q! p1 a 64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 {0 J) A G! N5 F5 ?- o6 K# O
: ~3 y6 m4 G% D0 S' ]% b
Withdrawal from the Social System! P7 v/ s. S( ~3 ^/ s% j C
65. Stay-at-home
) B* q! ?) S& R) D$ X 66. Total personal noncooperation5 A1 O# _4 x" z; a: k4 I. q1 l
67. “Flight” of workers
' A0 i0 [& a" O4 M4 H 68. Sanctuary! y' }& p' U& }9 {$ H' c
69. Collective disappearance
, l6 }7 p! {4 A( q- | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)6 y u; B9 F' s6 }2 e
1 p R3 M) h3 c( n* s2 m* f- F
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% A6 r: U' q: W6 e2 z9 uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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3 O8 i6 }: e0 B+ j' T% g* y5 n" g
Actions by Consumers+ H; C) h4 E; H- s7 M6 _
71. Consumers’ boycott
: _# q* h Y$ \! @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' P, [+ q4 b/ n$ j; G
73. Policy of austerity
7 N) Y" m4 K- e, y 74. Rent withholding
. @7 y" o7 o$ `/ w: c5 ~. T 75. Refusal to rent( i7 x' h: L. R% |
76. National consumers’ boycott
% ~% n# t; Y( ^ 77. International consumers’ boycott
. }9 z% @9 c' p' G; O
! [) [7 _ r! B1 ?2 @: F# TAction by Workers and Producers
$ o" G$ ~& J% D6 J! ]1 W5 P 78. Workmen’s boycott: n, v/ N6 h( ]5 |, F
79. Producers’ boycott4 ~/ H) @$ K. y. w" A% o- W* c
1 d& y/ u% f* E# _* d: ~/ a( FAction by Middlemen
* k9 U& r+ H: M 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ Q! D% K, S' H' m5 E
/ `4 p% H' y1 x( a) xAction by Owners and Management
! Q+ V( P7 d% U9 U7 B- \) p 81. Traders’ boycott
/ L# x( p8 O( p6 B; ~" R 82. Refusal to let or sell property
! O. S' y( e! D! } 83. Lockout
) a4 k" k* }, z/ m J 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ l* `- v$ N8 p6 @
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 ]3 A1 o# i( u
$ C: v( ]0 U( f$ b2 iAction by Holders of Financial Resources- R7 L% E w' p/ t f0 S1 l
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% `* M+ L- v |, o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& t( h. E3 U1 i8 h; R! i
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; V6 e K1 Y' |9 b! u( \ 89. Severance of funds and credit% _! H0 a' P; U/ ^5 N
90. Revenue refusal
% c0 t. o- ]. q: S; P 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 g5 T: g4 f( u* P1 x8 Z9 h3 t
+ u2 \# ?$ ?- g$ b* z3 Z7 pAction by Governments7 @* S6 s- }0 b# K! _5 i7 _
92. Domestic embargo+ r. n" m/ o+ i9 M
93. Blacklisting of traders- c/ r, s2 j, E$ V: K1 g$ n% O
94. International sellers’ embargo% d/ f5 C# |7 p7 ~( e
95. International buyers’ embargo
. `& r- T( q2 j 96. International trade embargo. ]9 ^' j8 M1 P$ Y, i
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3 k; w) `5 X$ @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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( b/ e1 ?8 P, ]& r# x
: N; K8 f7 v9 fSymbolic Strikes
; t2 f' b6 X, m0 K3 [0 h6 M5 W: o 97. Protest strike
8 e5 _# ^# {0 D, A 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" s3 o! X+ d; e7 g; f5 i
# i0 O$ \/ p) y% {! X& r3 F- HAgricultural Strikes- H' ?; o! J* a- T9 ?1 g7 ~# q
99. Peasant strike: s1 b# W" m! y0 \$ E" x6 ~7 l
100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 Z8 u/ b; Z, L- H5 }
# _$ V7 o3 b, V1 X" VStrikes by Special Groups- u, T- c& ]/ T
101. Refusal of impressed labor7 M7 T1 p& u: }
102. Prisoners’ strike
( E" k' B: n0 C# ]. V 103. Craft strike
7 a: e% `! O* n/ l$ c$ i 104. Professional strike. g1 M4 l9 z" \8 s9 ^
" _+ e- g0 s" J
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
# L4 l' j8 f& Y! E! @ 105. Establishment strike0 V; u, S, A, D8 p: h/ U3 r
106. Industry strike0 A1 ^, z0 B4 }8 Z ?+ s' q s& a
107. Sympathetic strike+ x9 k$ M7 M* {* H9 Z) B7 z
( D& ~" S0 G+ R) |Restricted Strikes% K# c5 K! X6 w4 r) Q
108. Detailed strike
+ P: s3 n/ N8 J 109. Bumper strike
( R8 d: w0 a$ V7 G' H& d 110. Slowdown strike5 f+ {! U/ H G+ T; W; S1 Z
111. Working-to-rule strike% R8 ~) T, o0 \4 i" i' y! i* h
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 o. [4 M- P/ i' Q+ B# G5 @
113. Strike by resignation
. Q# M! l; c) i9 E6 `9 e 114. Limited strike
$ j' n! z' N3 [ I" }& E1 Q 115. Selective strike! N: X% @7 f9 J% D2 E7 E7 Q+ l
h& `4 W+ X: k! g hMulti-Industry Strikes
: @) I; Z! B. C6 m& L, g
- w+ m0 n& L- y ^; n 116. Generalized strike$ m" c1 K5 Z2 P* j
3 X6 n: x/ D/ b( n 117. General strike
! K/ E- Z5 D! I+ z2 ]4 Y
' D6 B* [ f3 C6 K( z2 V; @Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: y9 D( D; z! g @) \
* ~! U, o& G) l
118. Hartal
# Z. O" I7 R: q9 o( `* z' k/ K3 g0 ~6 ]# x# i4 o
119. Economic shutdown, u2 A, P6 t3 O* M v
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ E6 z" i" r5 t* U- v9 J1 l
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Rejection of Authority9 p% ]/ U. u$ Y6 f- \5 N9 f
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; M+ c2 f2 d% b+ B9 ] 121. Refusal of public support
7 N* i& x, r( v/ Y8 V( V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance W! |4 u7 ~, F# ?, W' ]
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, L! c9 z; l [& g5 z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 [7 D* v8 u ~ t, U" r1 n, [; [8 C
124. Boycott of elections/ i% t/ _8 @9 p8 N1 \& l+ Z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 A! w+ W9 x" M* a+ k1 U 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 s |$ R# J1 d$ B# Z" \* k; X7 D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! h, g5 ?; p9 k
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: t% ~$ [3 e5 B
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" @0 M' b) g0 X4 {3 f0 p 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' z: Q9 }2 h& o8 }
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials$ U0 q6 d' ^8 {- Z8 d2 A
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& Z- }6 D2 s( s2 ]
( G6 O8 A9 b1 H5 T
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 `( |8 X, _2 ~2 g% p. o 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. D7 Z/ P. J1 [; }$ u) d; n 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 E: s6 `( q; n* ?- K
135. Popular nonobedience
/ Z/ t8 _7 F3 K( r# G, _" M6 Z! `$ |% H 136. Disguised disobedience
) H& h4 C, m# ~8 J6 z e 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' q# {% Y$ h4 `6 X* i
138. Sitdown
9 q" g# m7 i8 _7 V- C$ l. w. @0 } 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 L/ ^% S8 @: O( K8 ? 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) }1 K Z% e' {# Q* `9 f 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 x9 l6 \8 C. y2 ^/ z4 f
2 B0 A, f4 E* V) X6 O2 X' mAction by Government Personnel8 R7 l2 e8 x2 f6 L7 L$ G
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) E) g3 _8 j) \' I; _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information% r, h. H% }/ |+ t. |
144. Stalling and obstruction! t' c s/ f9 a1 e1 N
145. General administrative noncooperation5 [3 b0 O3 y2 y! Q1 z! M
4 y: a5 j+ t O( k7 v4 B; ~3 f 146. Judicial noncooperation' ], c! P, e! ^( X
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ r6 k) A! g& `/ I$ m 148. Mutiny' x# s9 s/ {6 R$ B4 J4 N( i5 _! s* d
Domestic Governmental Action
0 s& a. P' d6 o( p9 @8 [ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 r. S8 u7 t+ T; f
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! c. g& o8 F3 D* e2 M7 M3 Q' k; [+ A
International Governmental Action
5 ]* m/ T: j' R v4 W 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ x4 v/ O( b6 [, H 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 V# `0 w3 w, ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, _3 L! k) C8 M( P
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. [ K# P2 z g8 J 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 u& _0 o. c' Q- K/ G% V0 a! n( P 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 K1 n3 k( a4 m9 a# v
157. Expulsion from international organizations$ W5 d3 x4 X5 G2 N6 V% s( Q/ q
0 g4 A) g9 ~+ l ( p: C6 l! r: P( u' w" `: D4 x* }
" ~* l' i9 H+ X8 w! j+ b5 w2 aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
9 Y+ M3 J, K% y
4 J5 _. u1 c' Q% A7 B8 f# I$ c
3 d* g% C8 _# Z( Y% e; kPsychological Intervention8 d8 ~8 ?+ k2 Q7 ]
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 t. ^- n* V7 m+ S# C/ q+ } 159. The fast
6 c* E G# R2 C9 u a) Fast of moral pressure
7 Y( z# v( Z9 g b) Hunger strike2 z0 s# T1 w3 g3 h8 Y
c) Satyagrahic fast8 q' U: {* g8 R0 F
160. Reverse trial; n" ^ s1 J' p, |8 i8 r, W0 W
161. Nonviolent harassment
; y" Q f% G, s; x# e" E
- m9 K1 u u9 `2 n6 a+ P! \Physical Intervention' p9 q* ]7 g H
162. Sit-in8 d+ m3 k$ r2 q8 }0 s2 a
163. Stand-in+ F, C9 Q4 x8 O. T5 k
164. Ride-in
% u) K% [* K( q" V! j3 l 165. Wade-in- y3 U9 q! t' G
166. Mill-in
1 p- M& N* S& j2 W. l) A! K [ 167. Pray-in7 E8 [" j, c3 q0 ~1 k( T8 v/ L
168. Nonviolent raids
% \) u: G; p9 p8 O9 E" z9 i 169. Nonviolent air raids# n, s: u* @( R+ c
170. Nonviolent invasion
: c. T: t4 D# O2 v+ R+ I2 }* H0 q* f 171. Nonviolent interjection
+ |2 \$ H+ |: h( |! m) e: T 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 P* z) g [' P, m6 x6 Q 173. Nonviolent occupation+ J4 ]. [ K& k8 U0 y
$ E4 ` }% t. \/ ?" N
Social Intervention/ }+ L5 q4 E1 M! ^1 `
174. Establishing new social patterns8 i& W2 v) t) j1 n% Z- l
175. Overloading of facilities
9 T8 _7 h9 C* T5 g1 ^. o9 X 176. Stall-in' f" F: R& p, \+ G) r9 |, i3 |1 j
177. Speak-in8 W, c* X2 v4 _
178. Guerrilla theater& n' }: _$ F; L) \' L1 m
179. Alternative social institutions( O ^$ o( J/ G8 j2 A
180. Alternative communication system
6 k) e& d8 K/ H0 Z3 [& H
4 Q( b2 e# Y2 }4 f' ^2 z) U7 eEconomic Intervention1 ?# x5 X' j+ K* n. A9 w
181. Reverse strike
" k7 J. ^7 H% k1 n% d& ]0 m 182. Stay-in strike
* {2 f0 r3 a/ e: L$ C 183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ S5 m1 L6 |2 x8 W( Q! H% i7 C 184. Defiance of blockades
3 O/ P( g9 o$ g( W5 S6 h 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 @8 `; U5 B ^ P8 a 186. Preclusive purchasing
" [6 v9 Y& c+ \# a 187. Seizure of assets
* ~; q5 g5 }7 p! |# F+ q2 v 188. Dumping& J- ^ n) m: F6 {
189. Selective patronage% w, ^. S! s) K7 C: g5 r: L k
190. Alternative markets
2 Y. J: r& v. _( B* g 191. Alternative transportation systems
& W$ t b: @8 m/ C) V 192. Alternative economic institutions5 w0 s9 V3 L3 a5 V
) R1 T# }) M: ] h! t. ~" _; L! OPolitical Intervention* j% h; B n' _. C
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 I* E9 ]( ~5 }6 H4 {0 c3 J 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- x/ Z Y. M6 }% H* [* _0 W- H
195. Seeking imprisonment
% l8 ^! C+ E2 E# D0 B 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# Y4 F! @7 `- ^# m `; x& F& |
197. Work-on without collaboration
4 J: I$ Z6 O7 S" u7 [$ `/ D 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
