 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, c5 @- ?6 N ]- |/ ?Formal Statements, c& ]5 h: _' e$ J6 a. C$ a
1. Public Speeches9 a' k: n, U. {- P* X% [
2. Letters of opposition or support* m+ t0 R5 n0 X2 ~0 R
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 ] \% j; ]" c% q
4. Signed public statements
3 s, v' {& c1 I- ^ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
; G6 e) ~$ @1 U 6. Group or mass petitions
- U3 J I9 ^' ~9 g" G& r, G7 F/ K& H/ }
Communications with a Wider Audience
2 {1 H' u% z4 I' r4 v1 I7 s5 j 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ D" o8 J) Q8 T/ W0 x
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 ^# m8 k* c! |. `& H- X
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 [0 V1 x3 K7 L* a, F$ S 10. Newspapers and journals
" m0 w" u( ?8 K$ x/ o8 `1 m7 j# Y 11. Records, radio, and television! S# M7 W, `4 O4 `8 Z$ X6 d
12. Skywriting and earthwriting' l1 ` O' e) ^5 n
1 G2 ]* I% |8 d3 k* ^( Q) G
Group Representations
, W/ [) ]+ ]$ K4 H 13. Deputations( ]# ]9 e) K% X0 X( ~8 E
14. Mock awards
& M4 f9 p- n" ], ^, [& I @ 15. Group lobbying5 I! S8 I4 N/ a8 h ^
16. Picketing
& d+ i4 H6 y' }: s 17. Mock elections' F k9 L& o2 X2 T
" f2 \/ F: I1 A7 D" C' G, X
Symbolic Public Acts/ E" R, L$ D d" I, \& ^4 W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 Z% a' Y* e$ S, m% Z 19. Wearing of symbols
' c/ o4 J) E# t ]" P* e 20. Prayer and worship
$ p5 @5 W" o) e, H! b 21. Delivering symbolic objects; Z; n& J9 E* F8 w0 i/ J* [5 r
22. Protest disrobings
4 ?% i* r% s9 X, I 23. Destruction of own property G, f( p" T8 Z) k. e0 n. E$ Z) X
24. Symbolic lights8 \9 r5 p+ \3 @( m/ |) D
25. Displays of portraits
/ \) \$ u R- X& q 26. Paint as protest/ r0 t* o7 `4 M. X# V; w9 I, _
27. New signs and names
2 b# j0 G1 W: {# L* l& a 28. Symbolic sounds, x& v+ ^/ U s$ S3 M
29. Symbolic reclamations
! v4 e/ l1 }9 _( k2 X. H 30. Rude gestures( u" V! C3 L2 M) s( j$ D
7 C" ?6 r* D5 I* V$ X/ U# C
Pressures on Individuals
& C8 v& \! M5 [6 _# O3 @ 31. “Haunting” officials
+ T3 u7 M, b& r% S 32. Taunting officials
9 T% \+ a. W* I! j' C |. C3 P" g 33. Fraternization
5 {1 G- u \& Y! c 34. Vigils
; p# V8 C0 O6 H8 l& W9 p8 i4 m+ {4 X6 I7 v0 @' y. H7 q" ]
Drama and Music3 F; K2 ]% Y, {! }8 }# u- L* S: O
35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 A2 o! L/ k$ ~/ T, i 36. Performances of plays and music
5 C: b/ Y3 c4 L0 @ 37. Singing
T! t& m: C$ W; [
& G9 h Z% s) I( p+ s6 S( T+ I& NProcessions
; r; S9 }7 a. l4 D, G( R 38. Marches: s0 Y5 i) m3 F8 V- t1 ? _
39. Parades+ e1 p/ u5 }2 J9 _
40. Religious processions
; ?- H" @0 C z0 h; ?9 h 41. Pilgrimages O# E* X0 P' S N# ^( T' D5 T
42. Motorcades4 a1 G' ?- r+ Z" X( V; b
# @) @* s: }3 u7 Y
Honoring the Dead( A9 E7 H- M8 h4 o" o1 L: c- w
43. Political mourning
* C6 B v8 s7 K. Y$ B+ _ 44. Mock funerals( _- f4 N9 W; c7 f4 c5 T
45. Demonstrative funerals( k$ I$ M) U6 x( x3 C
46. Homage at burial places
( V( ]3 W$ h$ R X4 v6 a# c4 H0 Z( I% l1 K$ P( M: I% O: ]
Public Assemblies" n4 w/ h9 a3 c0 ?
47. Assemblies of protest or support
' N' v. u7 @# X 48. Protest meetings
6 @+ h2 ^" A5 I; D% N9 K 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' h$ I7 m8 Y- M. ]( ~: c$ f9 W 50. Teach-ins
/ z& L$ f( u4 `/ X1 D V
9 ?) b, D6 h2 I9 HWithdrawal and Renunciation% Q. W! x x! f/ S4 f
51. Walk-outs1 g& E, z! Q a$ l- s8 g8 F2 \+ F
52. Silence
$ C* p1 z! ]6 F) x; d 53. Renouncing honors
9 M0 F' w- S+ D B$ t9 p' ~9 j 54. Turning one’s back0 Z: W `" I. `, d+ l/ ^0 k
! y* V0 h- Q C T" B: B) U3 G- R$ }
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k: X- Z: Q: n2 M$ VTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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) j# {; T0 [0 m% _# n9 lOstracism of Persons. k* I: \2 t& w; M/ h1 x
55. Social boycott
|' [( Z1 {! q* O! g 56. Selective social boycott
~% W, N( n8 ^% ]/ u% `7 { 57. Lysistratic nonaction, r p& ~+ w. k/ ?/ H/ b
58. Excommunication% B, x F; X/ b
59. Interdict* K) Z& T' j9 W* U
X$ T# ^ B8 b6 c" s9 E* a- _4 D+ iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 ^" x" D7 K$ y8 k1 s 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& a& K# H: ^9 P
61. Boycott of social affairs
+ [. A" X7 m' A) ]7 C 62. Student strike
8 J2 d2 p9 h [5 W2 X 63. Social disobedience0 z0 V; Z2 }5 m V! j8 B8 P! f
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: c/ a W v# d6 @6 M! H" | L1 Q5 W" }0 `4 E3 X" V7 N
Withdrawal from the Social System
- B% t" I* ]$ L) L( O4 H 65. Stay-at-home. g7 n1 N- |$ J2 m
66. Total personal noncooperation
$ { u- S# l0 u' L( S 67. “Flight” of workers
) u% q. `8 I0 Y 68. Sanctuary
5 s" V+ H8 p4 ?* N- u+ \3 Z2 J4 ` 69. Collective disappearance; _* r8 v! |3 L/ l0 L
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 p# B. \3 E- z
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, e$ d! o# }8 v' STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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+ m' _. o: F2 ~ {Actions by Consumers* k/ D5 G) u* l/ E0 z" g, M+ U" M& s1 n
71. Consumers’ boycott- G+ {: N2 u. w6 X* ?. O
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods f) o, G: T+ ^8 W" A9 S- H V
73. Policy of austerity6 ~6 d' K; @( ?
74. Rent withholding2 x6 p- Z; ~1 j5 |" O! r
75. Refusal to rent5 ~5 C" {% M; ]* B2 W8 D
76. National consumers’ boycott
( @/ F3 |! H: I/ l- F- }- t7 ` 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 `7 M, N& N# W# F* n2 s! h5 f; O/ Z2 m3 x% P
Action by Workers and Producers( \2 Z2 Z$ g2 |6 ]6 F
78. Workmen’s boycott
7 t. A% P/ L) ^' H w4 U& U! T 79. Producers’ boycott' B/ S- z9 e/ h
' X8 m5 h. B) w# V8 t( W
Action by Middlemen
9 V+ W; c. @. P# g/ H 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" a. ?2 D6 }% v5 k9 m
+ }7 w1 |2 Y5 I( B! k$ f' HAction by Owners and Management
! q2 H# i' P, c2 `0 e 81. Traders’ boycott9 g; ^ v9 n# R% ~) I# G
82. Refusal to let or sell property
. p% v" N, H# D' H3 c 83. Lockout: ^6 \ n9 `6 u- |4 `
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( C9 z5 n: m% [( V 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, H6 X& A2 F* }; `( a5 r7 w6 l) J4 [# I- Z! v( X
Action by Holders of Financial Resources) D5 c4 f( {& I! {+ t9 q3 u
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits2 V+ V; g. t8 X3 n, R. T( B
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& ~5 L O% I& P& w# b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 P0 ^9 N# N( A K: @* X2 W
89. Severance of funds and credit
. w" ^! F$ P% O4 c+ V# u% b 90. Revenue refusal$ e# u: g, z) |9 v8 S) q
91. Refusal of a government’s money
; Z! p0 k9 _( f' q% o& b
6 f0 B3 Y6 T/ Q% n7 iAction by Governments* Q6 { v# U, b/ C& o
92. Domestic embargo
4 e% G+ ]' l) W! z 93. Blacklisting of traders" l& p. [: D b
94. International sellers’ embargo
9 l7 ]) o* z, s) {- a 95. International buyers’ embargo
/ e. h% @3 k/ l/ p6 ] 96. International trade embargo
9 q/ I$ ~! e5 a* R
4 S" N2 V' K3 d6 ^4 r / }0 ?% j' B ~6 \% k$ h3 Y" @
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
4 g. B& }2 _8 X' q2 E$ v2 g9 m7 I" T1 m# ]$ Y+ ~6 \
% q ^7 v6 Y; \! c- P8 `
Symbolic Strikes
6 C% q4 E. T9 P5 { 97. Protest strike' P s4 o4 m" R9 Y9 ?5 ^
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 _- N1 j; R' D- y) t
0 A2 p! M) `3 t, X) D) rAgricultural Strikes
5 p+ J# U: j+ I& @! O b" u# i 99. Peasant strike7 q: ` ]. ^% r( Y' ?. Y
100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 N/ n/ s2 C7 C" D* {! b9 Z+ M; | @# Q8 c( h
Strikes by Special Groups
: x; a9 d1 a) Q) _, I 101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 J- Z$ r% q: I 102. Prisoners’ strike! t; q2 y' ]2 O, W7 T
103. Craft strike8 Y2 U: \) ^) N* I3 w
104. Professional strike
+ Y1 L- [8 v' j% P F) F7 a) M& z9 X5 C! M6 z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes0 f% \' s8 e- v. A- c* |
105. Establishment strike
$ R# ^3 N, H0 m- T2 l5 Y3 y 106. Industry strike
0 X/ g. q+ ` L; e! \0 l* o4 x 107. Sympathetic strike0 p5 L3 q$ S& i- J' M% B
8 T h: `( k/ z/ t1 a3 C8 m( ?Restricted Strikes7 I% n8 z% E3 @" L& e. M
108. Detailed strike
! u1 t5 I9 @% V 109. Bumper strike
5 e( W7 `" D8 l! I( J$ j 110. Slowdown strike
" K: F/ z& k* c2 J( ^9 d5 n 111. Working-to-rule strike
- J& f: B2 k$ X" [" v( A 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& H" h& D( r: |& A4 d% `4 B
113. Strike by resignation
* ?$ L3 ?2 E0 _" x1 ~+ ^ 114. Limited strike
- M# T- J3 P* ?1 ]2 C" Y6 m! X 115. Selective strike( R7 n# ~% \# t$ e( Y. O: G& U
. }" C$ H, D% r; x6 m$ W
Multi-Industry Strikes
0 j. a) J- C# i K7 t5 y5 g9 R7 }* d Y- p
116. Generalized strike/ w" r# @ I$ g4 s" B7 [
+ A5 V" [4 E( {' T6 Y" ] 117. General strike# A n# X) ~5 Q; p' p# l3 |
( x! J+ Y7 _# Z2 |) Q$ [
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! j2 ` G& c( \' N d8 y* d1 d6 B& E- L$ ]
118. Hartal- z6 a7 g1 q+ }( `+ m
9 r) x1 q( V: F1 K" s( l% W
119. Economic shutdown# E; y& Y3 x& Q/ V( e; X7 a+ a
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/ Z, L- W7 R; D, ~$ dTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 X8 D9 E' y3 q! r
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Rejection of Authority
) \5 u" X. ~$ Y" H% e$ I# _ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 N0 J" |* H# [" W" i+ K0 t E# f
121. Refusal of public support+ W; P s' `! N! m9 v J$ J+ m
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 V6 p$ Z0 @, J
- V9 A$ l7 X: m, A. z1 @6 B: f
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
~- o3 k( P! J1 k 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; Y5 W; E/ j$ _7 X* q
124. Boycott of elections
, B1 }- g) C/ ] 125. Boycott of government employment and positions& k# S: H, y. r! y! `' a1 h
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 x; q2 M6 a* C; I 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ }' V' D1 B1 F. W
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 i( \# u8 ^/ J( t( ?; U 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents ]! J9 c! E7 W7 ^
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: R* Y+ {1 {3 ^, O# a, b- j( w
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( ]3 e; q J; I- G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; e5 H9 q/ U' h, `+ A
3 s) u o0 \, L+ p
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" g' U {: I2 t" W- d
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ g/ S2 j5 b. o @5 X" U& X 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 \' Q/ Q) u8 k# d 135. Popular nonobedience" k _# J3 h/ L1 _' A$ \3 h
136. Disguised disobedience
4 c. C Y' t9 a 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 M9 R' k- K9 V! z7 G; t
138. Sitdown. |( b; ?' J. R9 e* v( \, a
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 E' c0 e" R: p# @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! `8 i1 N( F* p
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ U* G( |( n. S, W& \. ?
1 v4 s V( M: J, {" O0 r) }) TAction by Government Personnel1 M$ ?, a4 ]- I" d
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ }4 a# T3 B9 y/ c, g d 143. Blocking of lines of command and information# u" x- c- t4 ]% n! i2 p
144. Stalling and obstruction
) w: T7 @, s+ N+ x 145. General administrative noncooperation
; f' }% k1 M& U6 L# b
4 X* B) B, \: G3 ] 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 I! A% C2 D' \ n 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
x8 P# M$ ^0 v6 T, w 148. Mutiny
9 T$ P6 Z z, Z. p+ {9 J$ \Domestic Governmental Action
/ K/ W4 ]/ \! d# [; ] 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% W7 y/ n; Q3 I, h2 Z; {0 T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; m4 ~" m4 `: l2 U* L# L% |0 \' i. ^6 [ c
International Governmental Action
0 {8 ?$ m7 W8 `' h5 s4 s( ^ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
a) ]2 V2 ]8 z2 E 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ f( \! G7 [2 J7 o( O 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 H* s, I9 a# X- ^ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" N3 z& d! U) [. A* {6 |6 ]
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 M0 f7 ~" [6 l 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 l- a, p' ?1 t' b
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
& v6 U0 G5 {7 x& @. X+ x$ |2 g! K: h& S: x" V; P
1 O9 V9 J/ [5 ~Psychological Intervention
5 t& x6 [4 u+ K" O/ i; F 158. Self-exposure to the elements
- U( V0 n. L6 [2 {! c; Z 159. The fast! w+ ?0 j0 P$ B& q
a) Fast of moral pressure" f% z* w1 g4 M0 `/ s
b) Hunger strike
8 o+ L: T; |3 k, G- i: J c) Satyagrahic fast
( [) `' ^* T" w: B+ t* W7 o& R7 a9 t 160. Reverse trial
; x' S- W; J# c" j* f+ N 161. Nonviolent harassment
' O9 v% G$ b# v! _1 C: f G* s, S( Z' F' L1 Z4 T% S0 A$ W
Physical Intervention
# ^1 i+ A: _( b2 g 162. Sit-in
# f9 l% F, E" `+ R! b* N* D 163. Stand-in2 F& }3 i" E+ j' M
164. Ride-in
- H7 A, x0 C* f6 Y9 E8 U 165. Wade-in& L, T8 j+ F% |! a$ u6 j
166. Mill-in' h7 g# @+ C5 V) y
167. Pray-in* Y: u2 ^* W3 y# X/ h& T
168. Nonviolent raids
3 [' Q$ w$ s- F) o 169. Nonviolent air raids1 R% n+ Y2 z, X5 y. U
170. Nonviolent invasion
) }' U$ y' y5 b z2 E2 w4 H# }) i 171. Nonviolent interjection
. T$ `& v' J( I. w- v 172. Nonviolent obstruction$ [4 c0 C p- I) Y
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention( l2 d% M3 b* B$ T# U7 w
174. Establishing new social patterns
( i/ I- h6 R1 r/ F6 x* K$ A1 C. g 175. Overloading of facilities
! P% w4 S. ~3 }+ i5 _4 ` 176. Stall-in& A1 Y6 Y# e7 p9 t! N7 x- ~
177. Speak-in/ p3 @1 D4 E6 m" }$ i" i' @ c
178. Guerrilla theater! T- ?7 ~# N2 s
179. Alternative social institutions$ Q( F8 l2 s1 o' u" I! F
180. Alternative communication system+ ^6 j3 V) F7 ~& K
) w( l7 E, ^6 I QEconomic Intervention+ u/ i5 B2 k/ f. D V/ U* A; j/ T
181. Reverse strike
) ]3 O2 X4 ]; k 182. Stay-in strike
+ D5 ]' I: D9 G4 r) ]( G7 S 183. Nonviolent land seizure
, B/ z6 j _/ [7 x 184. Defiance of blockades
" g% J7 C; [) |& i1 _4 c, y6 \ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) A. a8 Z/ z; }# F7 u; r" Z* g& a 186. Preclusive purchasing% k3 E) H' ]: W1 H* j
187. Seizure of assets h- v" Z, Y/ T) i. A5 J; ]
188. Dumping
/ u1 I7 O- Y+ i" z 189. Selective patronage
: Z3 h5 Q) i+ S0 g5 |9 v 190. Alternative markets& O3 X+ G+ e( k, B3 h
191. Alternative transportation systems
5 x: a, J, j2 g$ o 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 t7 s; K) K5 A: T9 v- K/ C$ X0 `2 \2 i8 D! c) ^
Political Intervention
+ ?0 P" b. E% ^+ \8 b% m 193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 Z- R7 i+ i# g/ L4 l; w 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" k; G! H8 R, G) m: @9 Z4 F 195. Seeking imprisonment
) D/ r6 m5 s; r/ p( T 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) F; k$ ~7 A* H/ X* K* p
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 V9 Z) X/ h/ D' l. |8 H/ o 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government k/ A! c0 V8 d# m7 S5 W/ l: {& \
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
