 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# K# |3 ?+ e( c, D
Formal Statements1 C; L" V2 x) M; A+ }
1. Public Speeches ~: }, Y, ~5 o% `: a7 ^1 H
2. Letters of opposition or support
. X* {0 {* f* n7 O) o0 o3 D0 X 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, x% V4 v0 \# z6 Y6 f 4. Signed public statements
/ l7 O( Q- W1 }! C: Y9 G 5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 @: j, w# _4 F6 o. f
6. Group or mass petitions) ~3 ?6 T4 t& e# f# z" F$ w W
4 L8 c- K, E: Z! Z* I! r
Communications with a Wider Audience3 ^, }& R7 x, @$ V+ c
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: u: w, C5 o; ]2 k" H2 c0 O- @ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications t) w8 }% @" m* |, m/ m# W% X2 p8 `; K
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ X! c, ~; T: v }, w
10. Newspapers and journals
0 Y& ]6 e7 D/ f0 W 11. Records, radio, and television! H$ R9 J# J! Z6 h0 z5 Y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* g$ Y3 k7 J4 [0 U) E+ U1 M% j/ _ N2 D n. B6 F9 [ ?/ i. |
Group Representations1 n3 r4 c+ Q. H
13. Deputations
1 J& L% M" D2 s2 H9 a8 s$ [ 14. Mock awards
5 P4 |( J* l9 Y! M 15. Group lobbying3 Z$ M/ e: d; e2 [% Y
16. Picketing
$ I+ Y3 I+ R# U, Z, b! b. E 17. Mock elections+ Z' {+ m8 |% u/ F
7 ]/ ^9 R' W6 Z4 b
Symbolic Public Acts e+ A: l- Z+ p% D0 x# x
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 F {& \! z O2 F: v
19. Wearing of symbols
Q: e9 X: {% M+ @ 20. Prayer and worship
& v" X c* O( N# v0 Q4 [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects2 M- l- `$ p6 n* R
22. Protest disrobings
# J2 _4 R! i' h6 {6 ` 23. Destruction of own property
+ c7 \; \6 s( n) X h 24. Symbolic lights
$ p: g2 ^1 e/ \& `' s( a5 ^ 25. Displays of portraits
5 q O3 a1 W* V# E2 Z5 ]9 Y8 G 26. Paint as protest2 c* c; X# z8 i' G
27. New signs and names9 }7 i& L, Q8 Q* ?- f3 x8 u7 ]: j
28. Symbolic sounds- r& q! G* u( p4 ~. q. M. l
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 f: O& O+ d9 a& u4 X7 z' G 30. Rude gestures
- i$ q' M, c% T! Y
, ^% Q9 Q9 q# O8 p* }2 ePressures on Individuals. E8 E" ^4 i! r8 ?/ s
31. “Haunting” officials) u; j% ~5 [& }4 E& n/ P y
32. Taunting officials
: J' W8 B/ V% [! Y5 M1 g# g a 33. Fraternization& \8 A0 E0 U) z3 n2 c2 ?
34. Vigils
. M8 x& S# s" N4 ?3 l( x$ h% p/ p8 n- p9 t8 k
Drama and Music
' I! n/ I" t; i0 y" G H$ ?! E 35. Humorous skits and pranks I; a* V; j( T f8 K
36. Performances of plays and music
; s+ a( [9 c: e- J 37. Singing) g' B$ A' j! A) T9 K( K4 t' y
, u( B; K, |+ ~1 RProcessions( |4 `0 w: Y$ W/ t& d- s, M5 ?1 y6 Q( ~$ `
38. Marches- R) \/ f+ C5 U( o
39. Parades
* {+ {: y5 U& f1 i+ G 40. Religious processions; c' L: Z# ]) D% O0 z1 `
41. Pilgrimages
0 Q' k r8 K6 u. r 42. Motorcades! @" g9 b1 K( h# e" O
1 z7 o; d& Z7 X% w
Honoring the Dead
' t3 p) |, ?$ k$ Y( `, U 43. Political mourning
# ^& Y: c. ?) E1 x6 r 44. Mock funerals
3 C, }7 G. w' x$ M$ W) r# N/ a 45. Demonstrative funerals5 j* x; \9 {# I. \
46. Homage at burial places
' Y. r0 M2 {% W& V! T- z4 n# p' |& d2 d1 Y# X' X% k; p3 F' M2 p
Public Assemblies
+ C6 Q0 @! u' e8 y+ P- t! _8 c 47. Assemblies of protest or support3 Q' c. ?3 H5 q7 G. j" |3 s% y
48. Protest meetings5 O2 H" n% z6 @5 b$ j# Y2 e/ F
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 c0 |- R1 O' ]& a. { 50. Teach-ins5 E- _0 v6 t3 `3 Q3 G/ X8 n0 R
8 j4 ^: [' D4 K7 w3 @& y: z( `' q$ aWithdrawal and Renunciation! b% C$ [& c7 i2 z2 b% M
51. Walk-outs
0 }8 [' k0 G9 U' v# I' p' ? 52. Silence
. m) t" B& ?& U+ w+ j8 e2 x$ W0 H 53. Renouncing honors
- [ D# R5 f: b3 U( v! C& V" Z 54. Turning one’s back
+ z/ [) S0 k% ~
$ _# C& M# Y7 ~" c) h3 L3 R# } 7 u+ S2 I& c$ q/ o \! U
4 e. f' `3 m' U4 p, u' C8 y3 @& i
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION \1 w7 [; ?! j N' h+ `
) s' ]0 `9 j4 n4 F
. R0 g8 _ R( c. l+ |4 ]6 e% O+ @% \8 ?$ G% b) a/ [: K
Ostracism of Persons* a* E. w) a" y. ? ~
55. Social boycott, h; q' K: M# y. Y8 U
56. Selective social boycott2 I4 K) w+ P2 [" Y
57. Lysistratic nonaction
- D7 g6 J) W1 ?1 Q" M 58. Excommunication* V/ w8 Q- l8 z6 x! T
59. Interdict; e5 ^& \1 p! `6 j/ r
7 I% A0 T N9 N& ~
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 i% h2 ]+ M0 p8 _ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( X' t/ x# C! v% J* ? 61. Boycott of social affairs! ], [; ]# n) r# ]0 o
62. Student strike% O, c5 w9 p. G* m
63. Social disobedience. W0 s, s: n$ Z( h0 P5 u. Q( w+ B
64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 i7 n$ m- Z; Q) c
& Q7 w: S. Q/ B' V/ c* P( I. H6 j
Withdrawal from the Social System5 ?1 d* Z0 }. _$ L/ i
65. Stay-at-home
! k! i( A) `: w* q 66. Total personal noncooperation( l, }! H! t( B; t8 {6 s
67. “Flight” of workers
5 C; N/ Y- J$ }9 A2 T 68. Sanctuary" K, c& t6 f9 H; q
69. Collective disappearance* I# Y% v% o @# {3 l+ X
70. Protest emigration (hijrat). N6 t4 i, N: A5 j
' O4 M$ i: O$ W- o8 C
9 m& J6 ~3 R# w0 I& O# f1 B1 R, m. P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
. p) G. Q2 ?8 _8 Y3 y }" H1 L
# V! f% w7 \" w1 g) Z , ?3 Q, H& v) w, }7 z9 `
Actions by Consumers+ P( d, ^8 K0 d& }7 {$ t
71. Consumers’ boycott3 x; o; }& A+ Q- n( m: i& `
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& R9 B: d% c' j) q; I
73. Policy of austerity
. ? r/ z" h! g- H; j 74. Rent withholding( C7 x0 ^5 @% A! B+ T
75. Refusal to rent
! Z# Q9 w% r2 P! y: z- @ 76. National consumers’ boycott3 t( p3 y4 Z* @" E# p/ I" r' B2 Q3 t
77. International consumers’ boycott
' G- V/ S/ G$ m- s! x. d) w# m5 {8 C1 b
Action by Workers and Producers3 J& ~7 A6 r% G- }$ l4 ]7 W
78. Workmen’s boycott
: L# S) [ B. j4 D/ l% @ 79. Producers’ boycott& {* B/ V1 q) I! g) R
r U8 W* ]& V7 ^, |& p6 vAction by Middlemen- |6 e) @# {* o* ]
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ O1 a5 l" F& L& \! G1 F+ O9 x" H& r. q/ o
Action by Owners and Management
2 P U# q) R+ w# u0 z 81. Traders’ boycott0 m0 e; \9 k- n
82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 E% C* B: p5 |# y 83. Lockout% I! a0 u9 U4 S' ]. s
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 ?4 b y9 K9 h% T0 c/ M" _ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% l; Q" J$ S$ e, o8 n
# S) |- r+ o, _
Action by Holders of Financial Resources4 Z5 ?* L' k- s H$ _ ~. B/ {$ n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! |, [- p p+ o4 q B* Z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 ~ T0 Y, v, n; H0 Z6 a2 S$ R! u c( h% q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 o, w& k0 x6 x% K. ^
89. Severance of funds and credit ?" p+ O7 ~7 Q. ?+ Q* I" m
90. Revenue refusal
1 t8 ?6 J" ^" N5 n 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 ^( ^8 _ P# _
, K4 b, |1 @' l8 g2 {5 uAction by Governments- g* T# {( ?/ @2 ?* `
92. Domestic embargo) X* ~! @4 ~3 |1 m8 b1 n
93. Blacklisting of traders
2 D2 d& Q* |- H2 `4 ] 94. International sellers’ embargo
: h* F/ t0 ?- x 95. International buyers’ embargo
& r G8 Z9 Q W0 Y$ { 96. International trade embargo
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) @) r: x/ R2 W$ j1 B. CTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& g- ]" c# `; G4 x
: s5 s2 a7 p5 e- c4 |$ |& r
$ |* n6 @$ b, D7 {. U" H5 I9 l& OSymbolic Strikes- t' t' y3 P: u9 S, P" L
97. Protest strike
2 L/ M" G9 t8 b- R0 r$ z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 @1 g4 Y6 D/ _ p
) W9 W T0 [' t$ N' @0 n2 {* N6 K dAgricultural Strikes& Y! s7 N$ y! D y0 M7 K3 ?% E
99. Peasant strike3 U0 _4 j& {$ j$ Q% a7 x6 f; Z
100. Farm Workers’ strike! d: k/ @+ }$ n# b; w$ e( v
0 i, ^9 ]. [7 JStrikes by Special Groups
6 h1 e/ V+ n' N/ V8 g% \- } 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 z* O9 }- j, Z' c& [$ y! Z 102. Prisoners’ strike" i) m4 T" I+ A% ^$ s* T
103. Craft strike
/ X6 ?6 g# f0 e 104. Professional strike C! ?8 h- O0 r4 p( C) X8 y* i
2 P5 j. F$ S0 J" W% k
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
( y) }$ f' Z/ m% f9 T 105. Establishment strike: U @) O. w2 j* B3 r) @
106. Industry strike
; Y1 r- |, }0 ] 107. Sympathetic strike
4 z* X- n( S, L# w7 O9 P. F* T( r' V. s
' ?& d6 B) ~4 F( K/ qRestricted Strikes
, S5 u/ F! S; R- i 108. Detailed strike
6 W1 `1 M- B8 N( W) \! C 109. Bumper strike: s9 h. d( U( [! r
110. Slowdown strike
}) r' L. N" k( @ 111. Working-to-rule strike
) I) ?1 Y W4 @8 M' ? 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 T- h! [) j( h
113. Strike by resignation' M! |+ w9 u) J+ e4 B
114. Limited strike
5 T* w8 ?; b1 V' n 115. Selective strike0 E7 H# x3 }, N! X# a1 v8 ~ u
0 E8 V! @# D! i: I
Multi-Industry Strikes
; ~: E6 M# _2 C( d. \5 d" h
8 D2 ~9 ^$ {: H$ v/ Q9 L 116. Generalized strike3 s, w3 k, `8 b1 ?$ n1 }9 m
6 J# N: m( ~" f- S/ x
117. General strike0 I3 e7 j% ~! C: z
7 s2 @6 e8 X# g8 }
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. ?& j1 r8 |2 K* t+ h: `4 Q+ Z7 n
. N$ F3 E" L+ k* a' g& W2 q" h 118. Hartal
! f4 Y' ]) t; L; C5 u! Y. M0 H6 M4 U+ @1 a) @8 z( V& s
119. Economic shutdown% X+ J& h6 a5 b0 a, s) b
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6 P: W+ V) u+ n' G! ]. _( Q* ^/ b. L5 g) b( J; f
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 l" C. o# n8 M; D$ h0 I
Rejection of Authority
9 A) C! E7 r4 q! B' @4 C1 a 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) g; \, ?# m7 |8 Z( P 121. Refusal of public support! ~- `7 w* `. W& u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
3 ~, \# M" q1 T% ^, m" A7 _' o* U5 v9 a+ u( n* N8 T6 o) Q; ^
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government: l" ^5 }+ w; Z( x- A
123. Boycott of legislative bodies- K/ r p' P5 Y% I
124. Boycott of elections- k. U) Q% y/ r1 [* C2 Z5 n( v
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) W. v2 h0 s6 A+ y1 N t' V 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 O3 [" x1 t0 h- x! n. T5 ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ `9 D' R5 O' d, t2 j 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, J: Y9 J6 V: o8 B8 U 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 s3 i' p: p$ b
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( s4 S# H2 O8 U
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
C- D- ^- |' ^( J. ~3 G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* \' S6 P G7 v6 l# e H
0 i7 ?% k& h- ]* Y1 s0 n
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ _) `& K( F$ t' B% E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ G/ A' Q% J+ a6 a" h 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 T, c1 w% t9 b4 x* x/ `) _7 K 135. Popular nonobedience7 Z% @9 V8 b( g- A6 P
136. Disguised disobedience
. |$ Q) a6 F3 B6 J2 ?9 l 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 g/ s& I$ v3 l$ m
138. Sitdown0 d. x( p! B, e" e
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ P% {; L2 ], h5 q# b0 A* |4 A 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 f! S `" T; o5 M1 ^- h8 \' M 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws0 B# ]7 p- [: i; Z0 a: R1 C% H
" f4 ?0 Z6 |7 ^
Action by Government Personnel7 q7 G* M% a/ h: ]' K w
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides2 n% F, z: _; e" F! ~: i
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 L( ~8 R& C% b# D9 h 144. Stalling and obstruction
0 x* Y1 \" A @2 l 145. General administrative noncooperation0 i5 ^+ `9 l3 K, p6 {0 X% X$ }
* x9 I4 z9 ^) {7 `2 ~# m% ~ y 146. Judicial noncooperation
/ i. W8 |) @/ I I7 C+ I" F2 Q9 W 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( F( t' E) {, }5 s 148. Mutiny2 a+ [' ~/ v& _0 Q! E, e( Z: d* w' y( }
Domestic Governmental Action$ Y7 l3 q& D0 a& Q# ]
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 p8 N/ i4 k* _ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 v M$ u; S3 }* O: P5 g) P' @/ V
3 {, r0 z3 Y+ n c* n% H9 aInternational Governmental Action
8 @( P8 v7 T1 f) e+ |) H 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 E2 v5 W% ]" ^ s2 l8 m& @
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 f. h% W& g/ p
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ E& `9 b5 I& {1 j I( H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations& C- ?1 U4 m' s( ^* t" c
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. P/ [4 b9 }7 r4 k5 a7 f 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 i. ^1 ^2 q6 j$ O, J4 w4 O, M 157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 |/ a4 w, z$ m# q; c) j2 N7 S, Y( h9 U% F. G! X6 [6 e+ ]
% s& d5 O6 I6 k" r
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
& }1 }9 u, @, L+ A( I5 m( }1 W 158. Self-exposure to the elements0 ~2 b( B# _8 ?3 ? D
159. The fast+ Z$ t, q) }" ?5 Z# V7 R
a) Fast of moral pressure
h/ J1 U$ r- C5 Z b) Hunger strike
/ d; ^1 D+ N3 U2 W V6 I c) Satyagrahic fast
' ?- P9 R/ H2 ], ?+ r$ Y 160. Reverse trial( b6 y4 c9 c+ T& k7 C* U
161. Nonviolent harassment2 U. r+ ?( t# I& |
0 n9 w" H7 v. ^4 M. q# [; k. L ]Physical Intervention
% i) ]; Q3 `8 z 162. Sit-in
$ ?5 G' W$ f: }. L j" t$ |( Y' b: O 163. Stand-in+ a& h$ P4 G9 e1 X
164. Ride-in
% ~! z! T. i/ a! p; A$ U 165. Wade-in
) F d) l3 y: @; M4 b6 ? 166. Mill-in6 x2 r3 [0 D, k5 @& a5 R
167. Pray-in+ d4 |; d( R0 Z
168. Nonviolent raids3 t; {5 ]' ]4 s4 d' K9 A) p
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 V: v# [# K& {3 c2 S" w/ A; I. C 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 S+ h) S7 D& _$ o, V$ l 171. Nonviolent interjection: P4 J- H1 `5 y2 y
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, h( ]+ \) x. D }, [ 173. Nonviolent occupation
+ c* T7 D7 Z8 B: N
9 r) t9 d: c4 cSocial Intervention
9 Y2 H7 i* c, F+ r9 p 174. Establishing new social patterns
0 J' h* u8 R# n5 `9 T7 H4 \ z 175. Overloading of facilities
2 O- t, k' ]0 D$ [8 W: o9 c$ u 176. Stall-in
; n- L( j o2 J& t( b+ y 177. Speak-in j" o, r+ N8 o4 \: T2 s" n
178. Guerrilla theater
' m& ~- X1 P I& X 179. Alternative social institutions
- {" x5 J( g- g: R8 l 180. Alternative communication system1 l% B2 g. j" ?+ u, V! ?; ]3 Q
# v6 z" ]: E v+ F6 iEconomic Intervention, r" g6 C9 `0 O+ q! f5 N" u1 V9 M+ N2 J
181. Reverse strike
* ?3 j) c; n# q2 g4 l' s 182. Stay-in strike- l8 M/ n" [' w. I+ z5 _+ J
183. Nonviolent land seizure: q% k$ s+ x$ q- b+ J
184. Defiance of blockades
" F/ t2 S5 o* v 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 x& B9 @4 }. M P' S
186. Preclusive purchasing
8 z6 x8 b" V9 w% l! ]* r 187. Seizure of assets
K- t3 k4 _5 M; v |+ `$ _, b 188. Dumping6 r4 A* q/ i/ M5 _5 E# U5 V
189. Selective patronage0 V- N$ P5 i' l8 e& z3 ^
190. Alternative markets
$ j8 E( U' g0 B2 ?. O- @ X( I* r: Q 191. Alternative transportation systems) z! S; A' N; j
192. Alternative economic institutions, K; @. y* ^3 l& F
, M1 W# u( H% PPolitical Intervention
$ d' Z' `, @* H$ v9 C u 193. Overloading of administrative systems
( f$ l; M" Y3 |* `9 c 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 Q- L9 G# S; j2 D2 Z. T
195. Seeking imprisonment
; a: Q7 _1 l2 a- U) | 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 h( O; h! b; W9 H8 i' s( ^
197. Work-on without collaboration
, R( q$ K( [3 c& T 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ s& f& f N! x5 T& G, u
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
