 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 I$ \; L% E+ m
Formal Statements8 M9 F9 a+ A3 N0 n$ Z1 d) Z3 B/ u
1. Public Speeches) _6 Q ]/ D5 O7 C+ R
2. Letters of opposition or support% ~; _" q( N; \! w% r) s
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% F" u! F w$ {2 Q9 V 4. Signed public statements" }+ Y4 s8 v1 e. Q( T4 k
5. Declarations of indictment and intention" V9 e) b9 O& o7 Y+ f0 S' H
6. Group or mass petitions
4 V: Q% J9 ]0 E1 p) V `# W$ S+ @2 _
Communications with a Wider Audience
. b7 v2 u+ ?$ D, K P 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 x3 C- D, h6 R. |: x0 R/ [
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# `) O. z# X/ s9 A% W- L6 @( t
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ K1 W) a! Y% w% E: F# q 10. Newspapers and journals
, J2 A5 R7 y' Z 11. Records, radio, and television
R8 ^/ Q$ q" G 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' o' \2 N8 ^% b
) w1 ?( M8 ~3 }! M0 h3 FGroup Representations5 [2 A8 v7 r% I/ F$ Z+ J3 O8 g; F( D
13. Deputations
0 T) }1 }9 T# c e 14. Mock awards
+ ^/ [ P. N$ ] 15. Group lobbying$ f9 p! x( \. i( G
16. Picketing
5 ]; z" B7 O0 X% b 17. Mock elections
0 u/ z+ V S3 J# m+ Y2 C$ W+ u" V7 k
1 [" D$ w6 _* Z7 S! p! }- \Symbolic Public Acts1 Q8 V; J% h, e1 y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* L1 P" N4 B6 C 19. Wearing of symbols
; w( n7 G& J' ~9 L7 `2 y0 W 20. Prayer and worship
9 `" S5 ~3 V! L! W; ~) Y1 f 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: ?% a9 f$ u8 ^# m* _; G) Q( _% U 22. Protest disrobings9 ~4 Z7 J; _# b7 v
23. Destruction of own property: E$ v$ Y& P, G* g
24. Symbolic lights3 \0 t! T# E- a/ H/ K: B% v
25. Displays of portraits' z- V6 T, t* {1 f j9 v
26. Paint as protest
/ J& j0 v4 \/ B, } 27. New signs and names# g6 y3 N+ s5 |
28. Symbolic sounds+ o' w; u3 p2 m7 C% i3 i- `
29. Symbolic reclamations
" N7 a( e! ^8 a$ ]' |; X 30. Rude gestures r5 L1 F( c$ M; i( O5 Z6 y
[7 }. U7 L- y0 @( Z- P% ^
Pressures on Individuals$ s# i1 R q& k+ f* j% E' s
31. “Haunting” officials! _# H) i8 m; s. v; Y2 ?
32. Taunting officials! `- C7 L1 C7 N- R+ H: ~8 a
33. Fraternization
+ `: ?. b+ v0 D/ X 34. Vigils# V7 _ X" y/ K
! \& H, L+ V& x- Z+ w, k0 [1 U
Drama and Music
/ z. s1 U9 p5 \0 f8 [( x( f 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ y1 l! s* L8 x- L 36. Performances of plays and music
* L# j. o3 A8 F& G; e& a! j 37. Singing
1 w) W0 P/ {* F* P, s1 Z. U* ^' @0 l7 y8 T0 ~6 j/ Y! n
Processions
/ e6 ]+ @( T* @" m 38. Marches4 ]! j9 V% Q" ], M. m
39. Parades# |. z+ E& Y. C8 ]; d7 Y
40. Religious processions
/ x, [- l7 N. f, n 41. Pilgrimages# }6 E5 G* N. o- h
42. Motorcades1 H( i4 |$ e) o$ t$ \5 K& F- p6 z
: z8 c: l( w3 U) T" c2 n' ]
Honoring the Dead, ^! V, a8 D" \2 ^0 W: t
43. Political mourning
3 `) C5 p$ Z; m3 a 44. Mock funerals/ b) ]# k4 c# F! E' L; D( d
45. Demonstrative funerals
; q5 _& A9 Q9 A- d; q: v" w) | 46. Homage at burial places5 ^2 Z/ o6 E, M( v9 z* X7 v- M* t
1 h' O+ v. }! C4 Y9 X* mPublic Assemblies
8 K# F- c% h* @4 |6 U 47. Assemblies of protest or support
# y; ?# W( u& V" \2 b! B# @ 48. Protest meetings/ q. \3 R+ d* z6 Z3 a) {: }0 \
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: Z( C. y+ n' l8 P; e- Q$ `, i$ p: T 50. Teach-ins
- `2 R) T3 K7 X1 z+ L I: ]7 Y1 m5 {' w: I k2 S
Withdrawal and Renunciation; \/ T' D0 b6 ]! s! U5 o b0 M! s
51. Walk-outs
0 K3 k2 l; \# Y" h0 j1 h" _% P$ u 52. Silence
6 @* f4 h& z9 D6 d* |- G. p 53. Renouncing honors
# `& S7 Q8 W4 y1 z7 R, o9 Q7 g/ r 54. Turning one’s back
' J4 M7 `/ l% O4 ?! t( n8 j- G+ S v, ]% a& z& a+ A& |2 f! T; {
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ X, c( H: E5 {9 P0 u& Q
+ x: m) I( }1 ?) e, F' V
; B& G# G& E$ D& G0 J$ ~6 t
! Z( e" N: U1 l+ D1 T, B
Ostracism of Persons
6 d( Z" h' O ?9 o: U 55. Social boycott# r- t* y, {. i4 j. p
56. Selective social boycott; }% l6 U, K7 U0 F4 y. g
57. Lysistratic nonaction' |% ~5 D/ d3 k( E# t7 s9 M# d
58. Excommunication/ U z: L' I8 g3 l
59. Interdict& r3 z' ]! h: x \# A( S
8 Z* r: L7 n! I( t& H. ~. D
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 X! X9 J" ?; g r0 M
60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 `' y% p; l( a) X. B9 G/ L
61. Boycott of social affairs
/ H6 J" q1 X3 V; n% u' v, \ 62. Student strike8 x2 @7 O6 S. R
63. Social disobedience
; o2 T* D- w! I& m5 E% l 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 H3 d3 e) B8 R8 F8 E
6 I+ Y' V" u) ^4 v
Withdrawal from the Social System
9 Z, F# v0 \' o" O 65. Stay-at-home
$ w$ k- l' I" t2 I( m* p 66. Total personal noncooperation% h4 v+ f: ]5 e$ r/ [; d5 o9 z
67. “Flight” of workers
! @" M& e# C' ?- n+ Q3 N 68. Sanctuary* k* U2 ?8 z& ]) V _& I# |0 }
69. Collective disappearance
$ \' f' c# h! G* Z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)6 N$ F) L; s; C" q8 O
) O @( s) u2 r
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ r) w7 A+ i- n7 Y! C8 l# \+ K7 ?1 v3 i0 V8 ]1 R2 n
8 \+ _) Z, K$ M+ C2 dActions by Consumers
6 z7 Q" k( M5 V- Y8 @% G 71. Consumers’ boycott
9 d9 e+ s/ \) k2 t 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. e F: ^% u, @" M1 B3 ?- j
73. Policy of austerity
9 \. C( {2 I3 R- Z; F 74. Rent withholding1 T2 N5 f0 u& X) @* a
75. Refusal to rent
6 {7 @/ a6 S5 ?, U0 ?, { 76. National consumers’ boycott
! x. C9 ]- g1 i7 t: d4 d 77. International consumers’ boycott4 j) C) y5 \1 \$ b/ i7 a
# A/ U6 w) B! H8 @+ ?+ t1 u
Action by Workers and Producers% s) |' [9 Y8 Q9 X2 s3 J# M6 r, K
78. Workmen’s boycott' L' T: o0 p1 z$ l
79. Producers’ boycott) W5 a! Z; L: f d
: N7 n2 O+ c+ s% j
Action by Middlemen' e# f' C% Y/ a; z; k
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% i7 U5 ~/ N5 `3 C4 |3 S, c% b
) T% Z7 g% x3 G: _ O6 T9 NAction by Owners and Management9 z/ u: R- D! ^8 {. W
81. Traders’ boycott
0 Y9 F, o3 {6 w6 A- t 82. Refusal to let or sell property; _# P5 l% ]$ l7 q' n( G5 u) t
83. Lockout8 ^) o9 ]5 s# N6 l
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, u' w2 Q2 D8 o) Y; f 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 z- H% J; ]2 A5 v7 U* x- o% h
8 m0 A8 `' Q, O1 B
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' L2 D f2 B4 n) q 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
- o/ I0 q$ s2 p6 E/ X9 \" w; ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 }, `: h' K" p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 o# x1 r9 G0 e5 r7 A: F; Y9 ]
89. Severance of funds and credit
& a% f* S; p: ^% f1 c4 Q9 i 90. Revenue refusal. p Q+ m4 I& d
91. Refusal of a government’s money6 {2 g% h) @2 x; Q1 P5 j
) Y m6 B+ p3 M" H5 p; H& L) k$ }# OAction by Governments, b/ [8 i' N' B8 \3 P0 ?# D
92. Domestic embargo. p1 T9 z" U. M7 f2 r: H K4 ^
93. Blacklisting of traders F& }# T/ W) X
94. International sellers’ embargo
- R; ?* [0 d$ U: y4 i 95. International buyers’ embargo
: U7 i: Z: M' S& B A 96. International trade embargo
& N3 i8 B" ]3 L" Z) j. S
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3 I- @8 g" V/ `+ o. \. I1 m; PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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4 `) d7 g3 }$ A ' I# d& D: t' S, f
Symbolic Strikes+ E* q( m( e( n+ l! [5 I/ s
97. Protest strike' z$ A4 p1 I- [+ _7 ?, z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): h- [$ u0 N5 a/ N
& b, {7 @1 e. @! `
Agricultural Strikes. E5 q! c" w$ v2 e
99. Peasant strike6 s5 i! N& ^6 z! @1 |, V# k
100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ R. Y5 \8 f0 ]/ f7 O3 z
7 E5 L r( S. O4 H. \1 rStrikes by Special Groups2 c2 |) U% c7 X9 n [' k C
101. Refusal of impressed labor
( i" I% p0 k; ? 102. Prisoners’ strike/ l, j0 c( O+ r
103. Craft strike, k& ]6 U' d, |
104. Professional strike2 ?; W/ P; w# w% V" v9 z- x
7 T' ~. Y. Y7 T! t |0 j
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
! B# ?* Z/ Q$ f' ^6 ~. E 105. Establishment strike
6 x+ q I2 S! {5 r% g) { 106. Industry strike
" M3 P7 E8 [2 \ 107. Sympathetic strike! i- U1 g* k" c7 s/ L$ V3 R" ~
4 N0 H4 f% l1 T' Q$ L x3 G
Restricted Strikes
8 R( L6 `* e+ z; S; p 108. Detailed strike& ?- I; U$ Q3 `/ W+ f% P* O
109. Bumper strike3 C P" L* B6 r7 C
110. Slowdown strike
) c E' J, R% u( |: j4 I 111. Working-to-rule strike
F$ b5 h$ u8 V9 J- z C 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 K& Z- {9 m# F' l( s* A 113. Strike by resignation8 O, a! J# g6 ?( a8 \1 A3 n
114. Limited strike$ \# a; @ Z$ x, Q
115. Selective strike
6 D4 L- x$ s f' z0 g) t: l! f, d! D6 t& m! ]5 P4 Q& ?3 | j7 M' H" H# L, e) V
Multi-Industry Strikes' B4 Y" Z* J2 ?8 |3 _! @ h
! `' Z4 z* e2 C) K 116. Generalized strike
- T+ `' X* W+ t3 S
$ }! Q( c% e# v 117. General strike/ D0 h* t/ f: N! o3 u. z$ ^$ r- f9 v) }
3 m# N) M: Z, W# D, L
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: ~; N- }0 r& [# _9 i
3 r5 p1 e, A* S: N7 B) { 118. Hartal) z0 M" N7 h: o
, h6 l/ t( E8 ~& Y4 n- ]5 t) D- ^' r 119. Economic shutdown- f4 H3 ]1 q7 A8 A7 ]8 g
6 `% W) M$ Y) o- b 5 M( d9 q$ V6 Q
) A0 i% w- d% e. m; hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 N8 S1 N7 Q7 W, t. B
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Rejection of Authority4 W# ~; u' X& |$ l& i2 i( N
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 T# l& N6 o8 V5 `, @ 121. Refusal of public support
# n7 j: R! T/ A2 L0 a" C 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( x& `! a8 m: c3 [1 m. M& z/ L4 H
% }2 z# t0 @) T) f5 h2 @+ u
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 B' i6 N5 ]8 W7 k1 Y/ i
123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 z: B3 g& S, g% }. N
124. Boycott of elections" i9 b, n1 W5 q" o. L
125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 r0 g, Z1 `8 F
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ w! p- D" Y4 S4 d2 A: N
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions. B! _) f5 _+ ?: O
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 X- G. ?0 P+ \6 A% U+ V0 a 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% m' P {, Z' r0 X
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( C$ y) Z4 k3 A' U' j% H+ V, B4 H
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ |+ u" c3 q/ } h; l' Y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& T, S5 G" [7 [, K' K$ t. r' h- h
& \; e2 N9 C6 X. h X" q+ U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" ~( c- Y) m4 H+ f1 \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance& g$ s) Z* P, }
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' \( W9 i1 @; N1 h0 z2 J3 U
135. Popular nonobedience+ g4 S+ Q4 B" n, \* o7 @* w- X5 ~( Y: x
136. Disguised disobedience
' K7 [3 G5 z+ p4 J9 \; E 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) E7 @5 z4 K: e+ m, S- g 138. Sitdown
7 _/ k8 \& ^3 p) u( Z6 I8 ?. r8 @ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) c/ R" a+ B6 m* L. A. D
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* v1 M& |; P2 d$ Y$ o 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; S# C, G; I5 F! @7 T
, r8 i2 o6 H6 H
Action by Government Personnel
7 H- q0 j& A. Z) k7 T 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, v( v4 B* r s9 m
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ L0 h% N: l B
144. Stalling and obstruction) v6 M# v' I: D$ H5 g) b
145. General administrative noncooperation# W, L5 S# B* v- f! ?- N! j
& S" L `0 u% @( \+ u; C 146. Judicial noncooperation4 _" g- L, D! z; D; H! N+ }
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 p+ h/ x& @( f: G
148. Mutiny: p* T) v! q! m1 a* i
Domestic Governmental Action
! Y: U0 t( h+ G 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 J% h+ B4 h9 D3 d& }5 T" D0 |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 [; H/ N+ c2 O$ n) M. s
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International Governmental Action+ D# [' p) H+ T8 @- ]$ H
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 }" s. C( Y6 p6 U8 b) t& D1 d0 [
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) Z! @2 q; I1 m4 K$ X3 L z' U- O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" r- M3 b/ Z' S5 B& s, p
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) u* ?! D! D9 _0 w! r3 y" V 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 Y. S7 N: i. ~ T/ o7 V0 v K& f
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- |$ r- j4 O: q; E) X 157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 o4 a2 O5 ? J: `9 A$ s
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+ e) m- w' r. W a3 Y9 L8 M8 o
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 u8 H1 S2 Q' o3 d3 M$ ^
7 n) @- a$ U; t/ Y0 H1 I ; ~( I3 W( }% w5 N# {+ y4 Z
Psychological Intervention% Q/ x8 t0 {7 u/ G
158. Self-exposure to the elements m; R( P, M9 { m0 F/ s. s! W
159. The fast, Q- p* c1 J, z" ^6 \) R
a) Fast of moral pressure
) G, u; F2 d8 ?+ p e b) Hunger strike
! s* F! S) ?+ o( w- }/ o c) Satyagrahic fast
! a+ ], s" l) z 160. Reverse trial
& h+ m- W+ | c8 c$ T 161. Nonviolent harassment. K& m, W: G- w2 n' t. [
t% I* |7 E% `. d
Physical Intervention
; i2 ]4 c) I9 B5 E" E0 h 162. Sit-in
$ E4 T) j0 ?; ~" P0 Y6 K 163. Stand-in
4 c* F/ E: n* N3 L7 N0 C 164. Ride-in! K1 c# D% K' b5 D6 O& w+ Y/ B4 Y4 k+ u
165. Wade-in
s: G4 @$ l# A- ^ e* _4 E. Q" c 166. Mill-in0 p2 h6 w9 l, W$ D2 e# X+ A/ K
167. Pray-in
2 @9 ^6 x/ r/ {7 v U 168. Nonviolent raids
# W9 L5 v6 G7 O( F& ?5 U# } 169. Nonviolent air raids
- L4 T0 ]. p) V9 n 170. Nonviolent invasion
% A9 u0 r& a7 Z1 ~+ ], | 171. Nonviolent interjection
2 U4 u% v& _0 E6 a6 S: t6 f8 Z( D1 N- T" ~ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 _5 Q; n+ j) _: [' _ 173. Nonviolent occupation* _2 ~2 K& c) o F: j- y. g
" q& j$ P S7 k5 p' Y6 lSocial Intervention
( G+ O Q1 Q4 N; b 174. Establishing new social patterns! P9 m/ R5 C2 F* R: l
175. Overloading of facilities4 p! S2 z5 q8 ^ b! j- M
176. Stall-in
/ |/ t. F+ C5 F/ G 177. Speak-in
6 x) ^" l) t0 N' G5 q2 ^% v3 p 178. Guerrilla theater) ^ n) }0 ^- K$ Y( E# I; _
179. Alternative social institutions$ j6 R, y- G' j. }$ k
180. Alternative communication system% `4 ?- [& L$ F2 C) M7 n d
0 v% x9 k5 n1 j% g
Economic Intervention
: R5 L- k1 M% A4 ? 181. Reverse strike# u0 L* o. C( Z+ F1 @
182. Stay-in strike
/ l& {% J8 V/ n2 U% d: x( _4 E 183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 P, P0 x% o& k$ y, f 184. Defiance of blockades
9 _) Y1 e5 H8 Z" M1 | K1 H& ]: | 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting) J5 `. B) D' K E3 v
186. Preclusive purchasing
, m1 j% C K# e1 d9 F 187. Seizure of assets
2 k" q4 S( I' s 188. Dumping
, u3 Q& |( N7 d1 B 189. Selective patronage
* O% e6 l$ ]1 S# z+ { C: n# l! I 190. Alternative markets
4 b& K& c0 K- M# b7 A3 a, s 191. Alternative transportation systems9 n0 N; ?$ U7 g, }
192. Alternative economic institutions) M4 Z `6 z& u! L. {5 m* k! n
- }% m2 k9 ^$ f+ HPolitical Intervention2 I! @) \- f% B( h6 X2 Y2 H
193. Overloading of administrative systems, U$ ` t, y# L T
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 @0 S6 E" ]% e5 ]. |* h
195. Seeking imprisonment1 s5 ]. g0 j8 Q' o& `
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; V: K5 q! A4 n! F6 X5 f$ v' Y/ l 197. Work-on without collaboration
2 K' P% Q. `3 N5 m$ p 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
