 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 W; L1 o) {, C3 c7 V
Formal Statements2 C7 I7 c) @; A7 w7 p- Z
1. Public Speeches( u- M- U% v' E. M( @
2. Letters of opposition or support, q z" W. M% T% y2 J
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
]+ \: w( c. C+ [$ ^0 Z 4. Signed public statements$ R& R( x6 v; h
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 P* Z8 }1 S' j) f1 X! f P
6. Group or mass petitions* q! r+ ?! R4 i9 D' M. n
+ w& ?4 G, Y/ x: l8 x; SCommunications with a Wider Audience
+ g- [8 B4 F( M2 W, O6 i* c 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ T/ V- T" H# S- p
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. I* K3 j# z. _- Z& [# _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" }' a* G7 a$ ] y5 r/ p! k
10. Newspapers and journals' s* k* W Q- V' ~- x6 s Y
11. Records, radio, and television0 b7 M0 Z" Z J! J
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ H* E5 T. j8 \$ n, ]9 l6 ?" ] H" c0 c
Group Representations: p; ]% k2 o1 v4 D6 G+ x
13. Deputations" m( \0 w3 C1 {7 N3 [& W
14. Mock awards0 z9 T! A; W% {3 O
15. Group lobbying% Q8 \* J1 L$ d3 _' @
16. Picketing
! [& @4 j; u/ |$ h7 O4 X3 p$ O1 k 17. Mock elections
8 t, s; A# A! w3 s
3 V1 s% z) `. l2 vSymbolic Public Acts }) a- i9 o' B6 D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors }6 S: ^+ r( g, A- R
19. Wearing of symbols, d. q0 J3 O: @
20. Prayer and worship
4 H8 ~9 _' X: e4 z* C 21. Delivering symbolic objects
% ]4 M2 c& R" s/ g' W5 T4 B/ W 22. Protest disrobings
4 ~: C. O& F s0 z; r5 t, G: E/ X6 t# T2 p 23. Destruction of own property! _+ G& \7 H+ X- S- }& g: o; _' b" S
24. Symbolic lights
8 r4 b' ^; N( a: L& Z8 X2 Z# w 25. Displays of portraits2 b' N7 A- z( w( `4 h( U) N
26. Paint as protest
4 L& o& b& [" C& v6 Z* u2 ` 27. New signs and names9 E3 [ Q; a* }! ]) c6 c' O
28. Symbolic sounds
. p' a" `/ A8 U! M 29. Symbolic reclamations
$ }2 o: p, a5 r1 X4 F 30. Rude gestures
7 ^4 n# t# s7 b, N6 W/ }
- {5 u+ F: h8 c; Y$ J# ZPressures on Individuals6 E$ f: T' ]+ Z8 @
31. “Haunting” officials1 W6 q* R, z/ ]0 R- |8 _
32. Taunting officials
# j6 O0 A& {/ _, F& m 33. Fraternization2 x1 B% S1 B) }- M. Y1 |
34. Vigils4 U6 F& f2 S) F" w! E
: Q9 }4 I& U; t \( o8 M5 b" pDrama and Music7 ?& o0 ^" Z" ^( y j2 h* d" G- y
35. Humorous skits and pranks7 x' j* |8 ^3 z% u$ F
36. Performances of plays and music
) g9 f, S) f0 R; ]+ P) `' x 37. Singing( s) B N" I" S x$ l# h# G5 {
$ {. {4 q p( h; {- KProcessions
/ A. K6 O# @ m- F3 a" d3 A 38. Marches; g+ y" H" V" X
39. Parades/ Y. A( N5 H; d
40. Religious processions- d2 \, h+ W: f
41. Pilgrimages
& Z% o3 n% s+ x ]! x) b 42. Motorcades
8 B" l$ r& B- L4 [) p9 n
# X, e' [0 D* {" J* _/ q, ^Honoring the Dead
( S, a% R1 Y. i V/ R& e; J, c 43. Political mourning9 ^. C6 x& z* W9 \7 h8 v
44. Mock funerals
4 C! s' P( U% K6 I! M# N/ c 45. Demonstrative funerals
, R/ x% }. W# [/ d2 [, ^ 46. Homage at burial places; a& D7 R B7 A
l5 B7 Y! |8 K) D2 sPublic Assemblies+ \7 X% {, W4 E7 b
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 r) @( V6 Y ?; e7 X 48. Protest meetings$ q3 ]' M0 t' ]3 M: v& e
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 y7 \' k$ I+ J 50. Teach-ins& [6 ]/ Y) g1 q' E3 D
7 u3 E5 m; Q3 q5 x9 q& q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
' J% C; }1 j" Q" @& o5 q% B% ]' u( }( b 51. Walk-outs
, n7 L" c4 i) z 52. Silence6 z a S l/ W/ a) o+ p
53. Renouncing honors
! s8 V9 q3 ^0 X; M5 v, h 54. Turning one’s back& h8 F2 |- `( t( u3 O8 T# B: L
_ n, l. i2 z- B: P0 u & S( E/ h7 ^! r" i3 {& ?
2 m% j F; B' K' LTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
" _$ q! L) h8 G# [/ X. Z1 S9 Y% t3 R0 C: R9 [5 m9 ]& g
1 E; F5 ]( i" `5 d) ?# Z
6 S8 S* i8 `/ k+ G a
Ostracism of Persons, t* N& y0 Y. e2 p! D: t& z! \7 G5 E
55. Social boycott
5 |9 W/ U4 L9 j- ~6 S# M. E 56. Selective social boycott. ?( T; j2 O4 N
57. Lysistratic nonaction" E7 A" C. ~5 \9 L& b3 C; c
58. Excommunication# u! l4 f5 e# _$ F6 ]4 Z
59. Interdict
- r9 k8 u, g7 u: l2 ?- k) E+ S2 R8 H4 A/ U
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; X% f. a; p- m) S) E 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& J% k* O8 O/ o9 W* f- s. t 61. Boycott of social affairs
& b/ H! ` I, W7 G3 U 62. Student strike
+ d) Z( O3 z4 e& D7 d% K9 ]& C$ @ 63. Social disobedience) `7 {9 L0 Z+ `& Z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 G! ?% x0 Y4 a9 R7 `
1 g+ k2 \- ^5 f7 j4 ZWithdrawal from the Social System
" K, S, |4 j5 ~/ W3 g% D; E 65. Stay-at-home
; |3 @5 {6 m$ I4 v 66. Total personal noncooperation; f% l o& N( c9 j+ V
67. “Flight” of workers, [/ U& \) w4 d. r
68. Sanctuary H" i) Y) i" n& B( y# X1 i) g8 o
69. Collective disappearance
( V, N! y0 E, }8 k2 G x/ H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 N" H0 H1 A# d, f- x5 w
2 J5 Z8 \3 N4 v
1 S/ P# w" B' u" \& v
/ L# p, H! `3 }6 ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 x' d/ U% I" \; ~( L) W
( J" v$ Y4 ^9 m, r$ j" d1 k6 ~ {, v, J# ^. M1 {; X. c. t: l
Actions by Consumers3 q, U. u4 K2 U5 {
71. Consumers’ boycott1 |( E; J5 U) r% z0 `) L
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods! H% e1 k) x' J& h8 a
73. Policy of austerity
9 `: c, ?/ M/ L5 E8 y* } 74. Rent withholding
' w' K2 t0 p8 s6 c/ V- x 75. Refusal to rent
+ K& F* W4 v5 @$ v 76. National consumers’ boycott
* c" r, [$ A3 ]( z# O. A% | 77. International consumers’ boycott
/ Q- ?! t( G4 N4 p/ p3 F& M8 |( P$ X: E
Action by Workers and Producers
. C. M C+ A5 e( U8 e' s 78. Workmen’s boycott
. d% u. ` _6 r1 q7 f- R& a 79. Producers’ boycott
/ j+ @, `/ `% W6 t: ]4 X" T$ e( e! Y" ?5 f1 t9 \! @
Action by Middlemen
5 s, y4 |# G4 q. z, z5 F7 V 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ f% j0 u( l3 B
7 J* B3 [8 O5 B! n0 {4 S' AAction by Owners and Management
8 b$ e/ y- R4 @1 D9 x _ 81. Traders’ boycott2 G- m( |# I0 g+ j; i
82. Refusal to let or sell property) T! c& c" C( Q
83. Lockout4 [" l ?* O' w' y0 a0 {
84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 ^1 I$ {/ R) a" Q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: E$ z& q7 z% {* Y7 ]+ l5 f, q( W6 t# S# H
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
* U- } {. S- _8 R, ]) h% u4 J 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ U- \8 b" C1 i; y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 I1 ]4 \8 [- `9 d$ C
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 k# P; W- |# F T' @% \ 89. Severance of funds and credit* G3 h9 A) X( e ?
90. Revenue refusal+ j: |/ q6 `8 L' D Z
91. Refusal of a government’s money) l n6 S6 Y2 v2 Z; g0 ^! U+ P
5 u1 {: F6 W) mAction by Governments
# H0 H' p) r4 A2 x& U) b 92. Domestic embargo9 V' U0 a. U C# j
93. Blacklisting of traders0 J2 w/ h9 r- K. L. Y' w" J; ^1 F4 c
94. International sellers’ embargo5 n6 h; h' E! O/ @8 l5 J
95. International buyers’ embargo
" F5 J9 r3 U9 L7 h% I9 o0 F8 M 96. International trade embargo. I' U4 x3 t3 \0 f: }
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 W/ U9 Y+ c+ b9 V7 }
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, t6 d( W1 ], |4 [, n c% { oSymbolic Strikes
0 f: g$ O) h) {! E. x 97. Protest strike
0 u G( W. l- W P 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 L; d& F2 E% Y, i
, V& n( s# F6 a: R" K. dAgricultural Strikes& r: X8 n* f) e9 e8 ]* }
99. Peasant strike+ Y& }# F( ~( m/ |
100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ v' |) r P! @$ ~2 {/ J! C& ^1 M9 x z5 g
Strikes by Special Groups
* Z- x' {! p; T0 C' m4 ]) u; z 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 B* F6 k& n `7 X( p" T m 102. Prisoners’ strike k2 M" x( j" @$ C3 c. ]. e
103. Craft strike5 V; O! B: _0 Q* g2 v" V3 F2 `
104. Professional strike: z3 Y% z' q7 ~. B
9 j: y( s4 N4 K4 _Ordinary Industrial Strikes
0 [5 a' v: y' ^- S0 T% z1 K& g 105. Establishment strike* @: x) A% L: O1 A# S0 I
106. Industry strike
& v3 s- y2 {- f2 o. m. m, ?- Z9 r 107. Sympathetic strike
/ v6 H) U q& Z% C# D4 Z N4 _( _
' R2 ^" H$ [- O0 ^# K* @4 a# y" RRestricted Strikes
8 W9 g( s( B$ X 108. Detailed strike' @2 x6 S4 g( ^2 Z+ w% m! h
109. Bumper strike1 n, n2 ^2 G! q; E' G
110. Slowdown strike
3 L9 a% v& m: E9 M: R/ ~ 111. Working-to-rule strike3 ^% B6 d% @0 v! h2 Y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ A& y j& P" }' Q 113. Strike by resignation
7 H( k$ s+ W' o: r 114. Limited strike2 B' K( I: u! d2 e' m1 u
115. Selective strike
' I/ B8 \6 K* r$ v2 @9 k, ]2 U" d+ n. |; f% q
Multi-Industry Strikes7 p5 R7 |+ V) {& H t$ Y5 S' y* f
5 i* j% a! d' ^9 f
116. Generalized strike% m, R, q% ?0 W3 x" X
1 C+ n! [ C' k% K& F3 w 117. General strike- i Z# S# G/ l( K6 E& z3 H
( I! I" i: u1 H4 ^# CCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 ?9 V4 g$ ~: T W7 T) c8 _
& N7 s4 ~) T1 m/ }" D# I
118. Hartal. e' c! [4 ^* B ]8 m: O
% e7 |( ~# L. {5 p' a
119. Economic shutdown
3 r1 ^9 _" B( e' M" Y
: A: X5 ^! X+ m, q' e - v8 I' w5 ?+ f/ a5 z ^: I
6 n- p* B6 v: iTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ A& _! I* n/ k C3 }7 C. N
, M6 \& Q: k# N6 N0 ~/ m% MRejection of Authority0 H* x/ f) _- j: z" W4 K i3 l& J
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- _! I$ |% s9 ^; G) Q @ 121. Refusal of public support" m) O+ {* C3 {/ v5 P5 q. [
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; d/ i; W4 q; X j `0 `
1 m) P/ @9 H- M+ n7 R% g( g% SCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& e H* o- O. w 123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ t& H9 a0 P$ t$ s. m
124. Boycott of elections( o5 V9 t6 k2 E) N, k
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# z$ @2 m/ E1 k; r2 R
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ O9 Q1 S) K" g4 e! C6 Q8 | 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 t+ G9 d5 o: r% `3 B, d- Q6 A
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' J M a& t2 _) V 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 Z) K2 u' ~6 [6 g4 _ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! s+ s! d6 T6 X+ b! u6 p 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: ?8 [2 @5 H2 b4 a, I2 Z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# m% o4 ]$ W. m& R8 p7 ]
1 ]6 k" u7 Z1 q$ @! ^( e6 p! L
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 ?, x3 d; v' L! J% R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" K. Z; [. Y5 y* r/ f( D% k 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" q/ h" a; L& r( V, I 135. Popular nonobedience
4 H. a0 z3 v$ G H! a+ G 136. Disguised disobedience# x- u7 ?, _- l* w* k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ M9 G: R) L5 R0 s s, C; ~
138. Sitdown4 A/ y/ Q4 A1 Y7 R6 }( m1 v! Z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
. g: Y+ q/ k/ S6 E9 O4 U 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) x6 H7 r1 A& B$ w8 M 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws0 B% }2 @; h4 Z" J9 X' u' d# J
+ @& a0 k! Z% M' G! V4 |# V
Action by Government Personnel
, o4 [4 z' ^) t3 J" p1 u2 L 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: x+ z# s; `7 g4 k8 n& L: h( {
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; D4 B8 T1 _8 R, @# _& m" O
144. Stalling and obstruction
. O: y- H& n l 145. General administrative noncooperation" v e$ S2 T3 } L3 h( u' x
: l( A" C: A, \5 I2 w. I
146. Judicial noncooperation6 S! E1 e7 l' M* V* x" n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! G/ }) i; [/ S9 h
148. Mutiny( n; a' t$ O* p/ t3 J3 e
Domestic Governmental Action1 N% \7 O. }. r# m, u+ o7 \ e" J1 f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 d$ r% F) ^7 K- z+ [
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; o7 B! B T( @
! y/ I* N/ ]. b* y. N' {, ~( f- e+ QInternational Governmental Action
4 E% x9 _5 y% E2 R3 h: B$ P7 A 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 D' f+ O! f3 |: g. V8 L& ^
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 C$ _3 O; p' o/ u# \( t+ R% l" w
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ b x; ~* y: o* P; g/ r2 B% a# G" n
154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 t# x- K. v& e: s- _
155. Withdrawal from international organizations9 \4 m Z3 w+ ]/ {5 j: R5 T% I
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( {2 H5 r0 M ?! s3 ?2 m 157. Expulsion from international organizations
. G9 T1 O5 i* o1 O! c' f; o# {# H( |' o
0 k0 [6 D+ b! v' f+ {* m1 C" I* K( m; m
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 o, ~( ~/ ^) n1 J
( \! H& s$ ^+ E# b. W$ n- P+ {4 Z7 _3 X
* j! T8 v6 O& }4 [Psychological Intervention
7 D4 X2 Z, _! q8 T3 B; `2 V X! R 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 ~- p& p: Z- \0 ]* q# r. j# g" d
159. The fast
* I. w4 D7 y# T+ D8 E6 T5 |; H a) Fast of moral pressure
p6 N' c/ B9 ]) Y7 I7 S: I7 Z4 d b) Hunger strike1 E; \' V- a% A: }( \, V$ g' T
c) Satyagrahic fast
- f0 N1 X# o! \; j9 X8 x, F! ^ 160. Reverse trial
2 y2 D* N/ X2 F) a* D; n 161. Nonviolent harassment. H% Z9 g! q- I- U
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Physical Intervention
8 S9 w9 V4 q; _- a9 P& Q4 n. j# [ 162. Sit-in
; ?8 ^9 X+ ?$ E, F* [ 163. Stand-in# V% \; d7 q$ d; G4 d# X8 z
164. Ride-in; \# @0 `+ a: o) V% {6 s; V
165. Wade-in$ f; H2 M& Y$ S) H8 F/ A+ V! P
166. Mill-in* A1 |% X) k( C2 J; c: J* D
167. Pray-in( C( w9 a+ ^4 X N( A1 z* w
168. Nonviolent raids# O* h/ R4 g& e/ l' `. v9 T
169. Nonviolent air raids
/ T, F; j+ D8 W0 x1 Z" ~8 {, l6 r 170. Nonviolent invasion
- }3 C# Y' A4 x h7 J# U) a 171. Nonviolent interjection* I5 ?! H( }7 u4 }, }0 x. v7 G; X2 W
172. Nonviolent obstruction, A8 C8 L6 X8 t+ _+ c
173. Nonviolent occupation7 ]5 _" ~! {3 D; a4 ?2 ?
( r4 I. i5 k, R& c
Social Intervention" C; e" X2 P4 k( g
174. Establishing new social patterns* }0 A* {& b3 q3 h
175. Overloading of facilities
6 d8 @" E* H$ ^2 C4 A* r" ? 176. Stall-in" v" z+ W& [2 m$ o8 t: Q' |
177. Speak-in9 W" t1 v: o6 q& H) y
178. Guerrilla theater
5 d; {, P2 Z) N" m2 H* d: C 179. Alternative social institutions! j6 z: c. E: o' D! I$ A
180. Alternative communication system
$ }0 d* Q+ J1 d1 q6 J6 @" r! j+ y5 u; p6 b. T3 Q
Economic Intervention% K9 Y! u. ~# W7 s$ c9 x/ y; F
181. Reverse strike9 }+ N2 Q; {% k2 X0 i2 o2 u% z
182. Stay-in strike. L$ @! ^' E4 [0 B+ z5 V
183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 z" [: n: |/ I- w7 | 184. Defiance of blockades+ F N: M& X f/ r6 W
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 C2 }( l- i2 |/ f! A3 M
186. Preclusive purchasing' M3 O( T* d4 M' v
187. Seizure of assets
9 m7 q" o' N$ z# I( } 188. Dumping
/ T( T1 C& C. c/ q 189. Selective patronage' e6 b* V: n% d" p. e5 g
190. Alternative markets7 j6 o* g: |. e, H4 h2 H& i
191. Alternative transportation systems
4 ^: x6 ~% z) e. t/ E% a) u) e/ v 192. Alternative economic institutions: w* O+ Q! M( I3 p: h
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Political Intervention/ r/ u( H* C0 C c8 t7 a- n
193. Overloading of administrative systems
- B3 o ?/ d" k# J* }/ G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" G6 V# C& o$ |# s
195. Seeking imprisonment
E( @$ [6 c% e9 {4 e0 a G 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 L4 _8 _. b5 s7 ^& u3 b 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 }" d5 U) ~ ?% s9 A. i 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; g8 n" k& C7 ~0 v3 `, S. b% M9 {
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
