 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 f* r' K. m1 S9 s* f4 D
Formal Statements/ V3 V; ?# n4 Z, {0 X p
1. Public Speeches
5 b1 ~% ^; k D4 N 2. Letters of opposition or support, o" Z3 f- O6 W; b
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* Y6 H7 Y) Q3 M
4. Signed public statements* p6 [. H4 P/ O9 D
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 H8 U* J& u+ y 6. Group or mass petitions
# b& _7 Z$ p/ V8 f$ a' n9 \4 ~$ i& u, S8 p
Communications with a Wider Audience
, `- c0 i/ N5 {8 @3 I6 q( ^ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. ]" ]1 H4 |# k- {9 E
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 A8 i' v7 N/ V c; w s8 f3 E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, ~% P3 r* X3 A
10. Newspapers and journals& o1 A5 q( i/ \5 @2 h9 }1 G
11. Records, radio, and television
% F( E# w! u0 a& F5 C6 [6 T 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 g& m1 R* m; U7 t3 K$ P3 g& O, n! W9 O A$ t/ Z( s
Group Representations- V) B+ B) Z2 f+ ?) e) W$ \, X" i: P
13. Deputations
' X) `$ _5 N2 v; U+ l3 r 14. Mock awards- ]+ f; R/ l& b/ E4 C4 _& q+ J
15. Group lobbying$ G8 W2 ~* X: G& M6 a; l1 o) c
16. Picketing
% M% p8 N# v$ E& p" ?, O& B, ~' ] 17. Mock elections
; {2 ~) G2 r- a* E( L( R! q) S4 B1 N. [
Symbolic Public Acts. q7 q+ N0 N7 q( J: U
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 [7 S$ q; ~% |7 i$ {8 Y1 M 19. Wearing of symbols
0 N4 i3 H6 Z4 L! ? 20. Prayer and worship! g) l; s; @, F* P1 V. p6 ]- G0 z
21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ F6 {$ {8 y( y! x$ A 22. Protest disrobings: S- v& a5 @' s, z6 B* w. C* k- e
23. Destruction of own property$ s, y, e4 s7 Q* ?% @5 ^+ ]
24. Symbolic lights
+ i- Y- l0 l* G( C 25. Displays of portraits4 B, I3 t. m: x; d2 B# g
26. Paint as protest
6 J: t( `9 L2 i# i2 F5 a* r7 ` 27. New signs and names
/ ~; }. A" d9 e3 K# _ 28. Symbolic sounds' Q! {1 E0 k2 N; e. ]5 _
29. Symbolic reclamations/ y$ H# Y' y+ c3 v/ t' h+ C
30. Rude gestures
4 N; W/ J# a5 w. q- l
; \8 a, O5 g8 p) E9 r& U+ l/ t+ tPressures on Individuals
6 D6 Z* M v% |8 d% l 31. “Haunting” officials4 w+ ~, [' F' v2 L! h
32. Taunting officials
6 ~8 x ]" J- n+ n( T" O 33. Fraternization1 x0 @0 ]" `( I) a' T4 V1 N
34. Vigils
+ D7 ^8 k- T: ~9 z; M: x( L2 ~; r2 P' Z m, z3 y9 Z
Drama and Music
# ^/ e+ R4 \, \; w* H% q! z* g 35. Humorous skits and pranks
: E/ C/ v! N3 c* ~. P5 R 36. Performances of plays and music
/ O y9 s+ w# G( b4 F! D8 G 37. Singing" [6 q7 O& C" }% X9 J
e7 L9 T2 C& T
Processions$ z8 Q# C& ]1 x3 Q
38. Marches
! W7 n; H. E1 ] 39. Parades
( j, ?4 [! r: M* V 40. Religious processions$ d, P' X6 k" G8 R( \9 x7 N9 _
41. Pilgrimages: u* ~- y" _5 j4 P- S: u
42. Motorcades! B- _- Q+ s' i+ j. b) F) W
% u ^ t4 V" j) ^
Honoring the Dead; S0 E0 M9 e U a
43. Political mourning# J6 c* [1 L4 P' W" |5 R3 \( ^% J
44. Mock funerals; O. j: `) P3 q; C
45. Demonstrative funerals) u) g# ?+ H, z
46. Homage at burial places M- O# L; V! K; c' z" [5 {
% Q. c4 u/ R+ Q2 @6 {
Public Assemblies. e+ {8 w9 A' Z
47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 b7 T" X, r/ O* ~6 _% V 48. Protest meetings
% I: f7 O/ l$ D$ ]# ~. g 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 b1 p9 }4 O: e: s) L# I; Y/ S
50. Teach-ins
; U: A. I4 R# W) j, J' [$ D1 Y" A6 m; m" k
Withdrawal and Renunciation. u' a) o, m9 `; i: ~- J
51. Walk-outs
5 i A, T! Z1 o; q5 ` 52. Silence
. A% C2 N5 v8 _0 r; d4 o 53. Renouncing honors
# d0 B) n: G# t' [# G 54. Turning one’s back6 m$ w- q% C; d1 |6 ^
3 G, c7 T; D. h
# A0 \ z& `! _% m6 r8 C5 }8 O
" U y! o1 A; W2 {THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 U. z& J0 \ ?9 M* K ~
7 G" q4 t8 L4 v. o! y8 Z 0 Q& ]% P$ y4 v/ V9 q1 R* ~3 c
8 l" C1 b. Q8 z4 T; ]' p3 ~; u
Ostracism of Persons
4 w6 a! d8 l# @3 g5 c+ Q 55. Social boycott
0 c, i" X. w$ k7 v' I- ]; ^ 56. Selective social boycott
( b* {( ^) B/ j& D" w4 c% y 57. Lysistratic nonaction
: y/ K. D; U' I- t 58. Excommunication
. x& l% o* k+ N/ M 59. Interdict
& M* r! \$ J7 ~: m, y/ I) i8 Q: s9 {* w; q8 c% T; j8 H8 i
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 m8 H0 G* d6 r t6 ]. F& u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities- J) j8 I: B- M" G5 e
61. Boycott of social affairs( N; ^3 ^: J2 b. N+ K7 I. u; O
62. Student strike
8 b- J6 X$ y6 ?: X8 Y 63. Social disobedience
& A2 y6 q2 y; y! ` 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 o+ Q/ @# i6 K' X) Q# m F- h" E& P( K+ Z a4 b1 m
Withdrawal from the Social System
- [3 W- e' D/ G0 ]# P1 A 65. Stay-at-home
# Y C4 |, S3 n6 k2 c 66. Total personal noncooperation
, n! l5 O) H& ^! V2 E: X 67. “Flight” of workers; V4 _% o2 p: |
68. Sanctuary' c! |, W) C3 i
69. Collective disappearance) q/ n0 K1 H9 a4 I2 D9 a: l
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
8 U1 Y& e/ T3 D) j$ B+ [
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! q" ]- N ?& {1 k% s8 uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
: j2 e/ }6 _9 E' g( X
3 l. i: t" k6 g) `5 M/ J4 f
6 Z1 o1 i+ M; `! E2 X; H" ^Actions by Consumers1 T! c q, o# e/ C
71. Consumers’ boycott& G. J( y# w' i5 F( g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 O* H4 s' E# b
73. Policy of austerity; @3 K) |# {. M1 i1 D3 N9 S
74. Rent withholding
* i0 N/ l4 U/ N/ b 75. Refusal to rent
& u- U2 O: D. [0 ?5 O/ c 76. National consumers’ boycott; B$ J" Q- Q, @' z
77. International consumers’ boycott
! C# F9 I' J4 o. H5 ]1 h3 k' l5 R/ ]- U/ c! o6 q
Action by Workers and Producers
0 D1 U' v: y% X. b1 w/ e4 } 78. Workmen’s boycott+ s4 @6 E0 i$ y: x7 E
79. Producers’ boycott
/ D9 ^/ `1 G- |) D! j3 F6 j" ?# X! W( a3 d/ I1 l- R
Action by Middlemen
, Z( s- b) A" u5 j6 c8 _+ F 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; s* `' }" L7 F3 G) z. \( R
, L8 f+ r6 b2 |; @5 g0 v
Action by Owners and Management i4 D& B. m! Y& K% Y. U9 s
81. Traders’ boycott' @) y9 J' R3 C0 G
82. Refusal to let or sell property% ?- B+ \6 y' b7 c$ A; t
83. Lockout
) i8 f& W2 I \; ~) B 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 K0 m6 t ]' p) {- |$ y1 l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”( ^7 w! w+ z. R' a
0 N7 n. O7 t4 U* R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources4 N6 K! x, n* y0 s5 H
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! @: Q2 o- q/ n) r( J. w Q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) ~% s, L( w2 ^# C7 W# Y- z/ E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 F* \, J0 ~2 o* I0 O5 f
89. Severance of funds and credit7 G4 E. }5 {. ^. N5 |/ E
90. Revenue refusal8 S1 Q* H5 B, ?" y
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 f& [4 }! E8 b: Z: j
4 @1 g4 x/ j" S: e' jAction by Governments
0 A3 k) v* j% k5 d. V 92. Domestic embargo2 q+ f' R4 j5 `+ ~4 b
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 n; r* ]6 F ]; ^0 c* t 94. International sellers’ embargo6 `2 \2 c* x5 p( V
95. International buyers’ embargo
' ~ t" x( }4 X1 k' e9 G S" l& }3 C 96. International trade embargo
9 w, J- o4 I* L
9 T; f1 C9 x: o2 E 4 } C* V B0 O
% \- z @* `( O* M; E# dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE* w% d% C$ ?' w3 Q- ]
4 K8 {/ t) V4 S* W
5 Y! B3 k) |/ K5 jSymbolic Strikes3 h t; e% u( {) r% M8 V
97. Protest strike# _% T+ R: q" U
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ Y! e' S. {( L$ O
6 w6 G6 [6 P; F8 V, NAgricultural Strikes* b$ G( v8 C) m1 S, \* |9 P
99. Peasant strike
% R: m9 A. d( ~$ h1 ~* P" Y 100. Farm Workers’ strike
) W: W5 M5 Q2 w8 Q9 N
8 B/ M, C% k4 d7 c' QStrikes by Special Groups/ o3 H7 N+ D. A
101. Refusal of impressed labor
: x8 j; p: i" [6 W8 ] 102. Prisoners’ strike1 J( O( e. }$ ]6 J8 y9 y* |
103. Craft strike7 Q' U: B3 y# e7 e" x
104. Professional strike! n% L7 N& { e9 _+ p+ F
* p/ Y$ ?, [( n6 I0 g: x: g( f6 |Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) I7 f$ L5 f6 h) n; ~3 g 105. Establishment strike& T( n& I* e- [6 O. j2 D+ _# [, }
106. Industry strike
+ T9 ? f9 Y' L 107. Sympathetic strike7 r- ~/ ?! ` @ d
4 l6 C8 b2 V/ Y+ ^) e. Y
Restricted Strikes
$ S2 C/ @) M1 l* k) S$ o+ @ 108. Detailed strike2 n9 |- a3 m: y7 \; t) c2 G
109. Bumper strike+ s8 f% D$ x" H# W2 [+ G
110. Slowdown strike* T; y# a0 x* X5 ~& \# z
111. Working-to-rule strike- O; a, \8 D" x
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 \6 o4 q7 t' b4 |: W 113. Strike by resignation7 M( m: p' ]% h# l0 t$ L3 Q
114. Limited strike
8 a1 y' z: ]; m4 p# J9 ^* B2 l 115. Selective strike
: D. S& J+ N; M% ]# r: |
3 w- m. H i9 `1 h2 `! }Multi-Industry Strikes k& K& K7 o# U( n* D: z: @0 ]7 |6 {
N* g0 @/ O" `6 \( z& A/ M
116. Generalized strike
# X5 H9 t7 i- v6 l' r
5 A& e3 g( G |) i! ?' l: H 117. General strike; M) }/ v) A" @8 u5 i. Z0 u
/ j8 R; @ j& B4 @0 X S. m. u
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 w3 r2 v" S3 H/ O* o* H' ]/ I; u1 f9 q
118. Hartal$ @. f) T- ]. _, p" P3 G
1 z8 d2 J$ @/ A8 J* e- U8 |, G; B8 J 119. Economic shutdown( }+ q. V7 r: f% k, V O L
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' i/ H: C. b( k
M$ U( s9 C0 c; ~' @+ ` S
+ s }6 n$ Y5 I& ^* r: l7 l3 u
Rejection of Authority" Z7 s, L+ ~2 |* U
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 G* F9 M1 o2 G9 Z2 N 121. Refusal of public support
6 n) P, |. a! C& `- d 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance. V' c! L; h1 _! H9 s5 a, k3 m2 i
, `( u% b; `/ GCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government! O0 w( a% E) P! f4 j6 a# Q" g6 x
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! h; U" p% }0 |+ Y9 i. E5 a( g$ k 124. Boycott of elections6 R$ ~9 X9 K& ^' ?% b
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
/ k$ O' h6 A! _9 q! W5 q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ ]" m/ c9 D+ B$ C2 }* g O
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 r, n/ `* T- ^ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
E y% l& X9 Y6 X0 b8 R8 Q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 ^, l U6 R! Z# w% f5 V: g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 Z7 B9 f- T: p# `' f
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 u8 t1 {6 t2 }7 J. k
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 F5 @' r% z) \1 f
# g2 D( U: Y- q" y' H7 tCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ ]) r }# s! \& _' _( z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance' d. c. `4 e" @
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: ^, k1 {2 Y& y9 S' ]9 ^- o 135. Popular nonobedience4 l+ M9 J/ B% f/ f2 F) ^+ N! L
136. Disguised disobedience
$ k( d" \2 G$ `1 P 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ q0 ^/ S3 A# j. T& o: w
138. Sitdown
& I" @1 h' H5 Z8 W( C: M9 N* d" s 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! C1 k; x+ B* }# g$ x7 V% P
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 ^' y/ {) y- [! p1 B9 o 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ `% q9 I' I& B$ O! h8 v" h6 a0 t# \* d4 \- w- a
Action by Government Personnel
) ]. G8 n |* e9 p/ Z. y 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 Z- J4 n! t! P* Y# c* u$ ^ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information3 I6 s1 Z) ~5 x* }3 ~! B$ Q- m
144. Stalling and obstruction
% ^9 h7 L x* D( c q 145. General administrative noncooperation
7 p- V$ F' V1 {: [) a3 k2 \6 A+ l
4 d* _7 u* n0 W 146. Judicial noncooperation
; }2 |, M% Z" ]* @/ h- I4 E 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& s4 s5 a: O5 K. H; `
148. Mutiny
. v" J$ k4 k/ R6 a R) @* y5 I" k8 rDomestic Governmental Action1 \- _7 ^& g& U; }6 G7 S; Y" _" F; N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% s9 S# f) Z$ k 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 v% W3 ~4 m9 Q. Q
2 u$ t. u$ i J, CInternational Governmental Action. N1 c# ?$ c3 N) C" z& B
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 }; U4 C% g a! m; A0 s
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events" A- N: g( M) P1 R8 Q/ E. O3 E3 E
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 i( \+ `; E @" @ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
+ J, a `4 ? o0 b 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 [/ G1 @5 O/ `. y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ R+ H6 F3 J5 M: E3 D. D 157. Expulsion from international organizations' L4 O' a0 f8 i
& J. y b* y2 f) I' g0 G, I) c , ~" I9 D- t' i: u
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& O" O! H" ~2 J+ |1 @
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Psychological Intervention& b' ?4 G: o( X
158. Self-exposure to the elements& `. l) C. M; Y) k5 c6 ^, O
159. The fast, _, \( H/ V( q% c0 Q
a) Fast of moral pressure; c- j0 H4 E0 D* `* w( X
b) Hunger strike
( z/ o+ ~0 | V! _; Z7 Y' y! x c) Satyagrahic fast
1 A- _7 j2 W7 b 160. Reverse trial
, @3 U6 I+ [. k) g# N+ ` 161. Nonviolent harassment8 [5 @% \1 ]9 o6 h$ N/ y, _7 M
# ?. c6 V6 |+ b
Physical Intervention
* Y0 {/ n) t9 y 162. Sit-in
6 J) @0 d/ m( `. K3 N# D 163. Stand-in
; z; g5 K5 u% w" G/ q 164. Ride-in
4 d, S+ t* w4 O6 s$ h% I 165. Wade-in/ j: c: H: w8 j
166. Mill-in& _, B% E( O1 b
167. Pray-in
3 N- y8 u1 S* C" s/ C( ~ 168. Nonviolent raids
! }( C \+ I6 x: O 169. Nonviolent air raids
7 ]0 M, H" \" E4 Q" a 170. Nonviolent invasion
6 b( r8 u# G- e; J) c7 k5 @9 [ 171. Nonviolent interjection9 r ?$ e) i8 e; n' q7 X
172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 c% }( g& D- M8 u( V 173. Nonviolent occupation. q' ~, h, f/ {
b; \$ j. \; B ?& D1 g
Social Intervention1 {1 E; U3 u" |+ Y. j2 `& Q L
174. Establishing new social patterns
; |* x- }5 X, \% X 175. Overloading of facilities
/ w q' {* k' k 176. Stall-in$ {/ w; w5 G$ |( s
177. Speak-in; q# h; e, J& Z' D. X* m6 I
178. Guerrilla theater% x" ^5 h3 r! W$ e( E8 V+ F; j0 w
179. Alternative social institutions- L8 T7 J- _" v% {$ k
180. Alternative communication system
* H2 K$ N5 @: Y: k6 A0 N% O0 s; K
Economic Intervention
+ y0 g! U+ b# f) x" O 181. Reverse strike
! L" |3 ~' t) e* ] 182. Stay-in strike
& Y; c7 N5 p3 J* W, b4 L, k$ K 183. Nonviolent land seizure d' P, m/ ?; u* ~- {' F; V7 H
184. Defiance of blockades8 W# G c+ c" ~2 S, h
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% H7 T$ y# ]0 E% h 186. Preclusive purchasing
- x" q( f; @! c! w! o% ~: | 187. Seizure of assets
( N2 t! |" ?8 m5 p# e 188. Dumping
( l3 r# F* g. r4 |3 C 189. Selective patronage6 p4 n8 T' Y1 p" W) _0 ^) K
190. Alternative markets
9 n; V, i% g5 j+ g! \6 `" j 191. Alternative transportation systems
5 {. e7 |! p3 c/ Q: }7 s/ c 192. Alternative economic institutions$ K1 C/ f& y: }1 G% }
: ]5 i h) z: @) q4 ZPolitical Intervention9 ]( b4 {' g& W% U
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 W6 [8 C ?0 c" P( ~( Q" t 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" O# _! r. D8 g
195. Seeking imprisonment
+ v' R3 v# q" R u 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; m4 b, R$ ]: o0 R1 k
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 [; c3 K$ T; H 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, r: j9 l$ i1 |) s6 L5 p
& N* |0 Y+ L. {( Y' o7 n" m; r+ `$ ] |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
