 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 k9 d6 C/ ~, T' uFormal Statements
) L5 t8 R/ a5 b 1. Public Speeches
3 f! j6 M! J* i 2. Letters of opposition or support
8 `% Y: j6 p7 K& F# ^ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, R8 j4 U' C+ E4 I* l; K% B2 R# B
4. Signed public statements f1 ~# N7 `7 j4 f" Q6 p5 C
5. Declarations of indictment and intention% @2 V& C7 l! |5 r5 k# F
6. Group or mass petitions
. C, B. {$ N1 N* s5 j4 j% c/ \2 m; L- m" g4 g* S5 r' r3 J* v2 j
Communications with a Wider Audience) b. t& B5 b2 R1 _; T
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 p5 p2 z2 @% H N0 D& N
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, W m6 i6 A6 R6 F
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books- {# T) p+ [: w- c n: x) L; u
10. Newspapers and journals
0 c- i# P( m4 Z6 ?. _9 ^ 11. Records, radio, and television
+ T1 t6 J- h! N4 V! }/ `3 e9 O3 u 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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" m0 O9 y# z: [: ]/ I zGroup Representations
2 K; [% P0 N( P3 s* Y* B0 u 13. Deputations3 ]; f/ d* D/ l/ L3 r5 v4 z2 l# {
14. Mock awards
, l% e, |2 T. z7 Q2 F, } 15. Group lobbying
8 m; C4 Z0 @" n- F 16. Picketing6 Z$ f, \) W* t" L0 c5 q
17. Mock elections9 o! J! m+ S I/ {6 a G5 M' `
* m' b9 Z& W7 R
Symbolic Public Acts4 C1 ? P" V! z2 K8 J7 L" j
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 G5 {$ n t) e, E( J6 Y; _ 19. Wearing of symbols
" v: `7 c9 Q9 c- w4 \% k 20. Prayer and worship
- r; c, x# @3 z 21. Delivering symbolic objects1 U* X- G! K+ t2 [
22. Protest disrobings( A: |3 W# H) G0 _5 y7 e8 R: g4 a
23. Destruction of own property- j2 K5 |3 h: ?) b
24. Symbolic lights1 N% C2 H7 y; L+ h3 `
25. Displays of portraits
' Y# F; m. J* @) Q. { 26. Paint as protest7 D, Y6 {% V2 d; K# [
27. New signs and names
- C7 a7 E" o0 G 28. Symbolic sounds! n! U M$ X I) ~' H& M6 H0 f
29. Symbolic reclamations
/ d, R" f5 ]% `; q1 j 30. Rude gestures
0 ^, G" a$ E% @6 Q- ]; N+ a0 U/ s$ N, O1 M4 S" m: M% h
Pressures on Individuals5 N; b/ P: A2 [0 s( L) [' F
31. “Haunting” officials6 d+ V3 |/ x0 e/ I- K
32. Taunting officials8 }* K/ l& U) j9 U! p1 `
33. Fraternization
9 _8 m4 n& E! H9 q* Y 34. Vigils r- q8 d& i% A6 A
/ _1 R, D7 i# `# G5 NDrama and Music z5 R r$ A( I3 F: L: [
35. Humorous skits and pranks
# Z# C8 |$ R# | D2 Y0 G 36. Performances of plays and music
7 A/ l- g& w: j* p' u' g0 g; G# z 37. Singing
" b9 T# U& w, A0 y
7 g$ ^0 K" F% u& S& W9 S# @! JProcessions
& o4 [3 X* Q# C1 X 38. Marches4 C5 N( u% d) s- K; ^* W
39. Parades: d, h6 y$ m6 X3 `
40. Religious processions
) S) |9 P0 H& Q! m- p+ X9 L9 @, S 41. Pilgrimages
: a& P/ e0 A$ o/ t5 ?, s 42. Motorcades
# p- ~3 e* c- q2 n! y4 B: ]) u) U
' A5 U) l- T4 x6 BHonoring the Dead+ Q ~- {% e9 ^% T
43. Political mourning
8 l* \2 T+ X, X5 U* u 44. Mock funerals
8 `$ s6 T c* {- C9 Q$ n- p6 a 45. Demonstrative funerals/ Y; l) {. J9 ~
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies# h$ H: T9 }# L! l% @: R
47. Assemblies of protest or support. q& X# `1 \! K1 ~' O
48. Protest meetings/ |: h P" m) L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest V. I E3 B$ C9 ?" P% o3 S
50. Teach-ins( C- K: e$ N7 o8 j
b1 x8 w L; H% w# ~4 r
Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 i* N& N6 W, H! B7 K; x+ C0 y 51. Walk-outs
2 ?7 C" d# s* N 52. Silence
7 V- P5 u# S h2 p1 S9 f 53. Renouncing honors5 c$ r" m/ ~. ?
54. Turning one’s back
2 T+ S, ?& t8 ]) O2 f7 t5 e, q; Q m# R3 r @
) W5 S7 P5 t; g* I* u9 _3 d9 x4 \) a4 U. s) u
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
, w7 q* _, E/ z0 T/ O ], C 55. Social boycott! r8 G3 C" ?, ]4 [
56. Selective social boycott
8 T- t5 V3 }0 j3 t O1 | 57. Lysistratic nonaction' L: r1 x: o( D5 }# b) _: h! P
58. Excommunication0 `2 H2 y! ?' h7 n- ^# @
59. Interdict, L, h% t: i1 }- I0 d; @
5 W6 r, f" h3 R) O
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 i: m: k0 {; ^( v
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 \0 {- Y. T: W2 v8 i, b
61. Boycott of social affairs) F- G% x4 C/ T6 g# ~& X
62. Student strike* ]4 o* t) D% ]9 K9 t7 j/ ?
63. Social disobedience
9 z0 D0 W/ d, a2 h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! f0 k! i# S3 J$ \1 I: m1 P8 v2 g0 e% t" P) }; S/ Z6 i( J3 d
Withdrawal from the Social System5 ]6 f) W' V H2 E o
65. Stay-at-home1 \( B/ y. m4 C! K
66. Total personal noncooperation
9 m1 s* b* z- M2 j1 o 67. “Flight” of workers7 C+ c8 Y% k" N7 x
68. Sanctuary
$ j7 ]2 i" Z6 I/ j. E 69. Collective disappearance$ Y6 K, L7 f* I' f
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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( s$ B1 `4 O0 j) h' Q# ^- nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ M9 b" t' ~1 U3 |4 D
9 F& d4 U$ K5 |4 m
% j4 `+ f+ g1 X6 s0 t vActions by Consumers
/ l5 E9 ^" h& t3 I# c) N9 D1 p5 T 71. Consumers’ boycott
( Y, y$ _: M9 L! c6 A& M 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) C0 s6 p2 n( e 73. Policy of austerity
c [+ W5 E0 S2 f2 w: ? 74. Rent withholding
* `* |1 r. S5 d7 i( l, L' ^ 75. Refusal to rent, ~1 } ]& j- ~2 ~: z
76. National consumers’ boycott
~4 c! _9 p J2 }9 ^& E 77. International consumers’ boycott
! P& M$ l3 _- H! f* a9 {8 A7 ^5 f+ e
Action by Workers and Producers+ |+ H% k+ d7 p
78. Workmen’s boycott1 v7 b% w# P1 q5 y/ A
79. Producers’ boycott
1 \2 z2 ?# E. A2 A: w: ~5 |1 J! c- k/ B9 r6 u8 b
Action by Middlemen
) g1 M$ l. |- Y, w4 i; U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 x V ^" f9 ?, J9 L A& r
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Action by Owners and Management. |/ s1 e: g! |) }) D8 I' {
81. Traders’ boycott+ I% p- G, m' h* @3 t( \
82. Refusal to let or sell property
& {) }+ M8 B0 H7 u: |. W 83. Lockout1 q9 J. J; _/ {4 D# ^
84. Refusal of industrial assistance. v8 e9 Y- k& Q2 K7 j
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 I% x- W( a$ L5 s; D% H
% B/ \) o' A4 I, kAction by Holders of Financial Resources% S) Z- a- Q- ^" H& |
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 i3 r0 | m: g6 m) Z0 V+ ~
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 K* S: X+ P* S) B, X8 U 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; _2 }7 H) h g1 i! T 89. Severance of funds and credit
. n/ _. W1 d) K4 j 90. Revenue refusal2 {3 ?/ g7 R3 |+ w& @4 `4 C- n3 H" I2 \
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ D& z) z! n2 ~2 d7 n& Q& L7 y6 l- Q5 K3 K% Z" J* h2 r' h' d* [
Action by Governments' B# m" t6 Y$ j. F1 E) I$ n+ A
92. Domestic embargo& a+ r; u: y5 f, a$ w/ t! {3 s
93. Blacklisting of traders$ { K/ P/ N3 p$ Y
94. International sellers’ embargo8 n A. m! q7 z7 c0 C7 T% r$ E
95. International buyers’ embargo+ M/ y# D# O4 v0 x+ A
96. International trade embargo
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' _- t9 A) g! w% iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 U9 V$ z; [0 z 0 d" a5 h' R, g6 f
Symbolic Strikes
3 L- T- q4 N" ^- {: ?' C# t, }1 X 97. Protest strike6 [1 ~# Q8 Z& P% ^; l
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ X; u$ C- M; h; y* }
1 A! a" X5 w( T* w, w; }% IAgricultural Strikes
# U6 ]: J5 x* P! a% g 99. Peasant strike5 b! t! d( S& T$ x( F
100. Farm Workers’ strike# u" M2 m7 C3 `# t1 R
: M9 O9 y7 B. K: l2 F! y \& g
Strikes by Special Groups
7 }% R6 y+ m* u. \3 R+ X, F& l 101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 y; W( l6 Y. e4 i" V 102. Prisoners’ strike
# y$ |6 l& d% e. N" S 103. Craft strike* i7 \5 B& _5 b2 f+ f$ ~
104. Professional strike' M0 w6 Q) _3 n/ z0 X
# Y& V9 u% O+ x
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 L& U" L: i& |! p; d) P* l 105. Establishment strike
, M7 Y; v) W. G' w' O% |4 o 106. Industry strike# }! ] c# V( R5 M
107. Sympathetic strike
# U. w1 O1 }9 s$ X/ c* x `0 E" x# R: U6 [* P, K! Y
Restricted Strikes4 n* {1 ^4 W& _" z/ ?# u
108. Detailed strike
4 X+ V& ?: s; R( d, o! |% \5 z 109. Bumper strike
. ` K# e M- k" j) f3 Z1 } 110. Slowdown strike9 ?+ S) W/ q2 b3 L' T y
111. Working-to-rule strike
4 ?7 E& b* ?8 L0 O# L) R3 ` 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! {/ P3 J4 D) b/ i+ J3 S
113. Strike by resignation
( M. l3 N6 G& g0 {& \& h( ] 114. Limited strike: j% [7 u" [/ ]' V2 b* h/ u
115. Selective strike2 z; q7 @- @( ]& m# }
, O) s$ C% o, x! dMulti-Industry Strikes5 V7 s4 P" g: V: i3 j
6 e! e* n/ |( `7 Y! p 116. Generalized strike7 `+ v1 C6 S' X* A. s& L% o
) v+ p, B) b) O' T2 L/ N- T 117. General strike
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2 `6 H K# W! r' C fCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures) l9 g: O; M- Q; Y; n X, ]
: i3 a" o- Q7 ?5 }
118. Hartal3 |% N7 z) ~+ A) U8 V" @1 q
, V. i% C0 E7 u3 V 119. Economic shutdown3 o( D X8 M( E+ U6 Q
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! _- p/ h3 f I$ g/ a; ^
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; {; E! A, s# j$ G% aRejection of Authority5 K3 d i- l( G3 ^. c
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) u3 {9 K3 M& l6 s5 \8 E1 ^9 K
121. Refusal of public support
7 j1 J# r. Z6 O0 n# V8 J% q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
M) T' A J4 x9 n- ^" }. U% ?% O
! \4 y& _% u" y# U7 o7 { i" k9 k) [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 x) R$ p: T5 U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* ]) g+ p% { K. P; _- i( u$ k 124. Boycott of elections
! i3 n/ m9 Y$ e. G 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; y# h u6 O" C5 C7 u/ F/ t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. y3 U5 g7 u0 R. {; [5 X 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% y" Y z! t# p( Z; G
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ Q; O1 d$ H1 ^' A. j$ i9 ~6 |8 X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# r- m$ X: b2 c: N) B
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: P5 h0 e8 H. M+ M" |$ [
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! J* B I. H N% c3 A- H: D; x! P" N
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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3 K, F; E2 U! d3 N9 V, lCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ L! D3 e. z5 X 133. Reluctant and slow compliance: G$ T. @& V" t3 [3 o# n2 q4 N. V
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- I6 i# J" N% ?* V+ S' D
135. Popular nonobedience+ ]" V9 A' i# m4 Q
136. Disguised disobedience
) K# `8 T( `' ^, c% B4 w' Q" Z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
, k& N/ U, }9 g9 [ 138. Sitdown* ?7 ]1 r3 D1 x- v) n. S) }# Y! b
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* }' d$ m$ O$ _
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: F& h! L W; e 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel2 [" x7 H, S- V7 l' r( w
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 I$ X# y2 n. a6 s- E 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* o& G" ?( [- v c: n- y9 n3 d, ` 144. Stalling and obstruction: Y P6 U" y. V- j8 N
145. General administrative noncooperation4 A" x+ k! g0 p0 S- ~
4 u% h+ K% \1 s: k
146. Judicial noncooperation# Z4 U; V" O0 C, T" m) T9 J
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 D1 s" U1 e( l0 i
148. Mutiny9 B) Z4 ?& `% ?" u+ h
Domestic Governmental Action
. L+ t* ^7 r1 Q1 C+ d 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
* Y9 ~9 u2 T- b3 g; v1 O; w& { 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# u/ l4 q2 r; c3 O5 |" f* O, c
8 D) Y! ]% v4 ?" g# Q4 {
International Governmental Action
X$ e P1 p0 x: R 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 i7 D4 n$ q6 {) o) I1 B: f- K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' d# s0 |& f! e; k: u
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 V6 \2 y9 z) U) p1 r' z; a5 a( }% G7 G
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& D9 U& W$ l8 Z; j0 y3 r 155. Withdrawal from international organizations% I* T; }4 x' ~/ N2 K5 X5 i
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- h: [' Z# S) B
157. Expulsion from international organizations
5 C0 I: K \1 z x3 \9 X# g- e$ K- V. _+ B
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. J, d- x! Q/ q h9 R& DTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
6 i' U* S z" b- q: B 158. Self-exposure to the elements
% X) S- R: q" M: F& T3 k, k/ ? 159. The fast
. T( S6 R0 y9 }. P$ i% E w a) Fast of moral pressure
( i( J& D* J1 |9 y1 `: G, ` b) Hunger strike
. K; e% o; k7 b3 l4 G% t# E c) Satyagrahic fast; [1 f- E6 t! Y7 j- X; _% w
160. Reverse trial" k1 h* M) n0 k+ F4 Y$ ^2 P
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
2 X4 D* s! ]* o* ^1 ^ 162. Sit-in% v: t3 G' x0 r5 z$ S/ ?5 D
163. Stand-in& z% R; q1 M0 G) H8 D; _
164. Ride-in5 S" }9 W T7 z3 d. L
165. Wade-in
' }( @! M6 p u1 O# x0 O8 y1 k 166. Mill-in
" g" Y% ~- |) j4 w9 B6 i 167. Pray-in5 K5 ~& B/ I$ R
168. Nonviolent raids9 `& u' x6 Y* n
169. Nonviolent air raids- p- X3 G! y1 l1 p: s
170. Nonviolent invasion
4 h/ j7 c6 ~/ b( v 171. Nonviolent interjection
5 { v6 m6 y) ~9 W9 R: [6 l% P* B1 t 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! v1 z6 Z+ ?+ M 173. Nonviolent occupation
* Y0 ?- P1 C/ A3 ^; I z0 W7 m5 r& t' Z( u% q
Social Intervention
2 ]1 o: L" G" B+ `% t5 j& S( k4 f X 174. Establishing new social patterns( t! ^9 r( R1 [0 K; F
175. Overloading of facilities
" r4 S5 U9 |7 s+ z! o: C' y 176. Stall-in
4 A, ?3 {6 ^" D$ h 177. Speak-in
% g, w H/ i/ Z" `/ | 178. Guerrilla theater
/ B r+ r( w4 @+ ?% B 179. Alternative social institutions `# B# O! t: S
180. Alternative communication system5 v3 H+ V2 i2 k( O4 [( d. ^
2 h8 X& Y1 Y- c" ^7 L
Economic Intervention
1 d% [) {. |0 j6 b6 b6 H8 i& E 181. Reverse strike/ N+ J% ~$ L! O( S1 X0 T6 P4 `9 B
182. Stay-in strike
2 N! c' b4 u; p) q3 ^" u 183. Nonviolent land seizure6 R" p9 l- J! s( B
184. Defiance of blockades
1 t4 E) | k+ u! c( d g( u) z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 L% Z& j0 E" D5 W" l! j
186. Preclusive purchasing3 A$ c P" m+ ~* F2 c- D
187. Seizure of assets
, E6 ` M0 N- d0 T 188. Dumping- X# U5 k9 y S( t. c
189. Selective patronage
~. R) m2 R9 H2 W: H- f) E2 ? 190. Alternative markets9 l" Q: ^# k# ]3 H3 ^% r& \7 k
191. Alternative transportation systems4 [& _- _" g5 u& I
192. Alternative economic institutions K/ B% t g/ J( B( O) @
4 a8 h$ _; ~0 G9 c: c/ n; x7 A
Political Intervention
1 Z' k. U Q! l 193. Overloading of administrative systems, \5 M% n9 Y, n- K
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents W5 \/ X! F( w7 f, T
195. Seeking imprisonment0 z( |: i7 S0 W; o. V1 Q3 w! `
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" C) c; ]. k4 W7 N9 P$ t6 ?# h% D 197. Work-on without collaboration6 P) [4 P, G7 J$ Q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! W# W5 W$ }9 \" U+ E% d: @# X+ ]; e
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
