 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% B$ A+ \0 n) Q+ i* }. t) fFormal Statements
7 F$ r0 E5 K: B& q( i! \7 Z 1. Public Speeches- S' P0 r7 W/ l% T
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 l6 }' h( `! w4 T' ? 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ K" U9 I. V7 J9 O
4. Signed public statements) Y8 t+ U) t3 u& d3 D
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ r* p8 x- E" H l: J! y. Y 6. Group or mass petitions
& [; Z6 @7 N! {8 G3 {" z# J/ r4 `6 }, _3 D4 c4 c' V
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 Q; q0 y3 M. I" N- _7 F+ b 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% E: H$ Q3 ]' G4 R 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, j+ X: J& w) ~0 \* U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 k. H* O7 H' s6 @7 ?* w3 |4 c3 M
10. Newspapers and journals; [/ i' P$ C" Y$ r, U* d, A% u5 T
11. Records, radio, and television. \( u) Y3 C- Y5 T2 ~4 R
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 N2 y& a4 j+ g0 t9 u9 f& m* [
+ C; x" B; F& lGroup Representations% H8 r' z* v- S- Z7 F6 B7 g
13. Deputations
* K' X3 u/ k" J: X& o/ U5 z8 ` 14. Mock awards
, I0 q$ ^ G, W+ A2 e 15. Group lobbying
& X+ n. p$ u" ~8 C/ A0 y* w' l 16. Picketing3 I+ G. ?3 A. n- b9 `1 y, P$ n
17. Mock elections2 k7 R+ v6 ?, P0 A: P4 v, U6 y6 g
1 w# F k' u$ A. U' p: VSymbolic Public Acts5 v4 I5 |9 }6 }/ R! v# H6 Y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 a2 q ~0 M$ K+ b' N+ W; [
19. Wearing of symbols
, @9 J& n0 g. x! l: Y; E+ r 20. Prayer and worship
" Q( o: }- ~8 z/ f6 i 21. Delivering symbolic objects# ~; a: M# ]% R+ l
22. Protest disrobings+ n0 ] T3 S' ^" V* N
23. Destruction of own property4 q2 u: l% \% E: m9 F2 K
24. Symbolic lights# p2 l) M) k7 e: V2 p3 w1 ^ @
25. Displays of portraits; u u3 S/ s; O' `2 d
26. Paint as protest2 [9 W: K* a) K& c% h8 I, k
27. New signs and names3 g9 z5 \6 z% K7 c8 i, V
28. Symbolic sounds2 b9 g e* p6 o& u( N2 m! D7 E" x9 z
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 R6 h! W2 S2 n( u4 R F: d/ H- a 30. Rude gestures$ _" m7 n2 O3 f: G
6 k) o3 Z/ X: g. y: O: Y/ H
Pressures on Individuals5 V2 M+ k- g, [8 u- ^
31. “Haunting” officials- i+ P( ]* E& G: \) r8 i& C
32. Taunting officials$ x1 K# n$ ]3 |- J
33. Fraternization- [" m) F7 A, k- e+ T
34. Vigils2 c3 U$ D% _ l$ m
* C( m t3 ^. K6 r8 A
Drama and Music/ Y+ f+ \% A' S/ h) l( P2 ~
35. Humorous skits and pranks
& w b# ?& H! m3 _ 36. Performances of plays and music
; V, O# u0 ^8 ~) v8 x( w5 { 37. Singing+ M% j8 b2 |* P
3 z- O) S+ s6 E$ t6 @
Processions
" ?5 q9 l/ v) }: e 38. Marches9 r7 G8 }3 N/ ]7 ^- {
39. Parades' {; _9 I2 @4 a, ? G
40. Religious processions) m4 N+ m' j) j' k' }8 q' |
41. Pilgrimages
# k5 V% g" }1 s$ }; x7 Q 42. Motorcades
0 V3 r% \# |/ M- \" ^$ M/ c0 v
" m0 m6 \! t2 ^7 \" R( P7 d1 lHonoring the Dead
" a1 f' a0 t0 G6 V- x+ Y 43. Political mourning
, ^, u5 w9 g' k! B3 r3 y 44. Mock funerals1 y9 w& P3 q' s4 g; B
45. Demonstrative funerals) W6 j! A/ e* d& k0 D
46. Homage at burial places: i+ J% `% E6 b4 ]1 T
) O [6 W9 O8 ^Public Assemblies- z6 K0 X b6 C
47. Assemblies of protest or support0 m! k8 J8 @% D) A i' ~; ^1 n k, K
48. Protest meetings/ ]5 c; U, o8 o5 b) |% i% H- D
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ k* U- {5 T+ i [7 p1 k- K. d3 X
50. Teach-ins
7 {! _1 j/ X5 d- k6 \! r/ {. T' E! y& g3 B& O( Y4 O" `
Withdrawal and Renunciation: [5 \% b- X+ \( E+ U0 T9 ]
51. Walk-outs
1 e4 k/ k2 G |& ] 52. Silence+ }/ t, j3 g! U
53. Renouncing honors8 V9 e' S5 Y: }) } f$ ?6 k
54. Turning one’s back
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4 C& Q' ]$ m3 }5 Y( j
2 J: g1 R6 h; Z+ a# i+ bTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 J& p: I* \4 @! z
% e# @+ B2 n0 ^/ n. o/ M( w
. t- M6 h4 }$ C+ |0 S2 D5 z+ O) J" \1 y+ c/ t; e
Ostracism of Persons' r( F7 F* G# d
55. Social boycott
. j; }8 F" ~; e9 b$ @8 ]6 _ 56. Selective social boycott
* k8 S9 O& \, V& o 57. Lysistratic nonaction
& l6 o+ f% @& U 58. Excommunication
7 a8 g" O2 a4 Y 59. Interdict
: @/ S; l5 |9 l' q. m' E: c9 {# R$ t# y8 S3 a m ~0 y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& C4 V& B$ \+ ~' h' f 60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ f& ^: e+ j6 | k% N; ^! ^
61. Boycott of social affairs1 E6 N# o* r% T& T5 Q. t7 s
62. Student strike0 d a) u. u/ q9 j4 d* E+ S
63. Social disobedience
2 p( a: y% m* g( `. e) J* T 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ g" T6 c4 y/ [/ a1 N
9 t+ F' I6 X& x y: M3 p
Withdrawal from the Social System
0 r! m; Y* h1 Q- \ v/ a) a 65. Stay-at-home+ F6 K2 n( {4 C2 }' z# D. t
66. Total personal noncooperation
* Z9 }2 U* G, m" Z 67. “Flight” of workers2 a( l2 i# V6 R1 _- i; V% \2 U
68. Sanctuary8 d' v2 J4 ]& J3 Q4 z* x
69. Collective disappearance
! [( p) p4 R ?& {! k' B" F/ s 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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% B/ V# d2 g" n* _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
% C8 q) O' @1 Q7 E; f4 t+ a7 j, e3 Q
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Actions by Consumers
* G* R3 }1 `9 K4 @9 P5 Q) O# R 71. Consumers’ boycott$ s- O/ T1 f. J5 A. y5 [5 }
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# W3 B& ?8 T5 z% X4 L. y9 K4 W" k 73. Policy of austerity
y6 m4 [) v2 p3 A! R. E* Y0 ~ 74. Rent withholding$ F2 F9 g/ R6 E7 F* k
75. Refusal to rent R$ t5 e3 l: O( J* g
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 }9 B' [! ~: l9 v Z0 ?2 ` 77. International consumers’ boycott0 {( {1 S5 E; O3 h9 G
2 n# M7 L. ^$ e' q, RAction by Workers and Producers' g' {+ m3 N8 ]5 f) u( H
78. Workmen’s boycott+ b. q8 k" d8 K/ H+ |
79. Producers’ boycott
, x7 Q5 B" V# q; V* t% h* v* K1 \1 w) c( G9 Q! V' x/ x2 G
Action by Middlemen L0 S6 O' d" Z: ]' d+ R5 v
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 W, l9 J4 L1 U! J; u7 G3 e q- A1 a8 {
Action by Owners and Management8 _/ X% M# d ~. ~: B$ V! E
81. Traders’ boycott
# ^* @% D. g0 x: N 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ L* s( Z: p0 Q! `; K 83. Lockout( u" R, H& F& o7 @8 c' r+ Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 H# `0 `( c7 d: J8 [/ c$ _
85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ @4 b+ q N" D
/ h6 K3 u2 c/ {4 `
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% Q4 J" v" F% Q3 F) f
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ b/ |$ a% v2 z" h
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& O6 s" k1 ~$ ^5 d* i
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 Q4 R- }8 `1 K( H; @% u, K 89. Severance of funds and credit
1 X; V7 O; {% ^ n) f# y- w6 g 90. Revenue refusal
: r% s5 u4 A; p% E3 M: k. I 91. Refusal of a government’s money: ]: f" A% Z& r9 R' s7 l% p6 _
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Action by Governments
- R) P g# p+ `! h3 F. c" i' e 92. Domestic embargo5 C. k$ ^+ v2 ?/ N3 _. K
93. Blacklisting of traders, k, E) g' m2 }$ i6 n1 }; ?* V& S1 Z
94. International sellers’ embargo7 Z3 ^3 @. t- I+ W$ E9 n+ J# ?! k/ B( K
95. International buyers’ embargo- j3 R# u0 W7 v, e+ M% p$ }4 N m
96. International trade embargo& O3 m% h% r, ]# l- E2 o. j
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# H0 h" V0 f1 U3 e6 J" yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
" E1 m; N* z; p" d$ m% ~3 P. f
& I D I2 M8 i* J* n 0 K& E9 b, g' C0 h: p0 ]
Symbolic Strikes: m- S1 _# F& r. m
97. Protest strike5 ?, m/ S% K* P0 H# J8 g' [ `( o2 M7 F0 P
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 a, S: \3 ^4 ?1 W
1 r6 C0 N& E3 |9 e0 P
Agricultural Strikes
5 x ?9 ?/ M K8 v+ }4 S, f 99. Peasant strike3 {& }) t9 I& h. v J& O
100. Farm Workers’ strike( `1 q6 ^$ c' @. X8 j
! e! {8 c" U# g) N; O8 wStrikes by Special Groups
! K" N9 x. r( B% b% B P 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 ~; W( w% S; N9 |3 F2 n& d 102. Prisoners’ strike
5 }- L3 c, o' N( h, {6 P 103. Craft strike
% Q: _1 X9 q# A8 y) w 104. Professional strike
8 f+ x& \2 h- n
% y+ S% g: F% j2 HOrdinary Industrial Strikes1 P8 y$ P! a' t! P0 N
105. Establishment strike& |% W/ @& W) O9 S4 A' I* u
106. Industry strike
* S C* h8 O6 k! H% ~ 107. Sympathetic strike3 v& B! |8 {. F8 b* g
+ Y; A7 N( E. N0 U4 t9 b4 C5 l0 ]Restricted Strikes
/ _' S( E6 F2 _! r, P" y+ C3 U 108. Detailed strike1 G/ a, O* D5 w& o8 M- e- [/ O
109. Bumper strike$ i( Y8 e. z. `5 N4 |
110. Slowdown strike% p* p! D+ T! W
111. Working-to-rule strike6 M: ]3 @# Z& G7 n( o
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 [1 H/ ~( k; n' L6 K0 _9 | 113. Strike by resignation& ^$ j: F. c0 K7 ]0 h- T1 ?
114. Limited strike+ Y2 Z$ p: D7 s3 n
115. Selective strike9 g2 C/ |- w' H! B
8 d, R! ]; ]" P% L3 I: G
Multi-Industry Strikes
4 V6 x6 E) o% y. Z+ u- u
# i( X* ?! N* t2 D$ B 116. Generalized strike$ Z% v ?* v4 F
4 Y8 k* i, C" R* l: B+ k/ U
117. General strike% t* g" E* o( s3 K/ ^
; ` ?; x9 M. p( k, T$ YCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% g0 c6 M- U( X1 o; ~1 o) I. {% k: q) s3 f8 c$ L9 s4 n
118. Hartal
: _* V! \) |) u/ S% X; g2 }# h
4 I' N& k h, O; H8 O; `$ l 119. Economic shutdown; O1 o9 @) N6 V2 o* H
2 T" l4 [! r4 }. o' {! C" H
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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, W7 t! |; V' v) B) s9 _' d
Rejection of Authority
- l5 a9 y$ L; x; { 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 H- f: B8 m( t9 O1 J 121. Refusal of public support
M! k) y1 u' V) I. x$ i4 s 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, h+ r4 i" L& w* T- v% E
2 Y5 q: M! U$ @1 k, K' h5 i
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 k2 l% z9 K' d" N! }; ~0 X 123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 K3 F N" I. _2 y
124. Boycott of elections( O9 }) w8 c/ t' X" U: J
125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ Z0 c6 P+ L2 g4 X. {- I
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 a+ G7 h$ C$ @/ i9 x6 | 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# j- @0 d( W8 i( V 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% s- Y1 f* g- p* `8 T7 E
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; U0 y; V; r' X4 x( n! L1 Q: L
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. Z! C8 n8 ~9 I) \; C' }& A7 u
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& J* H6 n# e, `5 z0 n- x7 S' O* f 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& y; Z. Z9 ]4 \( C$ x6 l$ F
- J' E/ l; J# kCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% g3 c% _6 Q, U 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. J( |' F* Q5 R9 @9 K* I3 ~ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" {" f; y! }8 ~ 135. Popular nonobedience
. D! q; r7 m9 K2 ?, m$ j+ U; V6 q 136. Disguised disobedience7 ~$ N1 C* c# W+ \+ W1 G- h# k) q
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 c0 o0 f+ d) k4 k" F7 h8 a: f$ r 138. Sitdown* | O3 @8 d0 z k" t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 b4 ~& |4 \# ]4 o 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, {% J3 E1 v d7 B+ o+ y; q/ G
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 z4 }3 y% ~: t, n$ O' n
/ S0 T" v- g& j$ i; M2 j; }Action by Government Personnel: q. W- e+ ?0 r: n
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* ~1 J6 L0 D5 u* g7 n. {% @. p 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. X+ _" r s$ R1 f 144. Stalling and obstruction8 l# G: ~$ W" B' J
145. General administrative noncooperation
' c" i+ x# C& C/ X- e) n
& V+ R# t. X* y$ {+ M& S 146. Judicial noncooperation
9 R+ Q0 v! h7 ^) ^4 } 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 b8 D! G B# K/ I* u+ h1 M6 L* U 148. Mutiny9 H' Z2 ^1 [# i8 [, \# u) N
Domestic Governmental Action
1 n' z/ j5 U8 G9 | f 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 O$ B$ J9 F" [0 V- X& X: m 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" H1 ^9 W& G2 o. u( j
/ b/ T& y, h; V/ W, s- R8 x
International Governmental Action
9 k( W7 {9 y: N; N I 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 b4 N% S( v" _
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# @! t+ x# P1 `" T8 { 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition0 @1 ~9 b8 j4 n4 H
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
v/ ~2 c; o' b* P; t: U- X 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. [9 N: k3 O! s0 [ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies ^0 l& @- j$ C7 h0 U4 V
157. Expulsion from international organizations' f! T' {% P" j }8 L; q+ j& d% V
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' P/ b9 \* M+ e) \& v/ Q
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) I* U; [# @4 P @% p- G( W( DPsychological Intervention3 z& w7 H8 ?4 A$ Z% j
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ w' L& f& o' d1 b: w+ G 159. The fast' K3 {# k4 c/ j, V
a) Fast of moral pressure
6 t9 r% W6 }/ k b) Hunger strike
8 c# L3 \+ G5 N3 `3 |7 E$ [ c) Satyagrahic fast3 g) \6 c* r& d k( B2 h& g
160. Reverse trial) t3 F7 N; F3 x4 m O; u) p) V6 {" S
161. Nonviolent harassment$ c+ }1 Q6 J. M9 Q% m/ J9 w
4 [* \& g/ l3 ?
Physical Intervention% V! k$ q) O3 h3 V/ x
162. Sit-in
* y$ K* m* b" q- P y$ F8 | h 163. Stand-in' k- `* _* C# e0 O3 `% [0 _
164. Ride-in7 B; m7 Z7 [# t4 G- V; K
165. Wade-in, W6 c; C3 N+ j1 I+ N* k
166. Mill-in
( r p8 T3 p, C6 f% R 167. Pray-in
, I' x ^: q0 ?1 ^# |) ] v6 v 168. Nonviolent raids
# e) s' U3 w, n' U6 Z 169. Nonviolent air raids- X3 f/ ~* X& F( p+ \
170. Nonviolent invasion, }8 ~8 q5 {% ]: t4 d6 q% ~7 p: o7 T
171. Nonviolent interjection
; }: ]5 f$ N. c( w8 \$ O. \ 172. Nonviolent obstruction0 c2 ~8 V8 @: o' J5 Y
173. Nonviolent occupation
" [5 R- A+ z8 u7 o- l& u% V& a, I; H( i- C0 P
Social Intervention
1 s `6 J i) h 174. Establishing new social patterns8 G6 T! c$ `+ \& K) ]. m1 e
175. Overloading of facilities
9 B+ J% H4 k: v- F1 e2 \ 176. Stall-in
% @" h( g$ D1 w1 q1 S) \( o7 U 177. Speak-in) o2 k! Z# z' y7 V- a
178. Guerrilla theater
7 d$ N2 z8 S& v$ E 179. Alternative social institutions+ c4 D, p8 h2 f1 K
180. Alternative communication system3 R" z6 e I, _- [% g( C& H
6 q. O+ f% p3 r5 q/ M7 [9 Y, q
Economic Intervention
/ m V3 M4 H* B* D+ Q 181. Reverse strike9 E8 t* r' q" z$ } f `
182. Stay-in strike
5 x, s+ r* J+ G" ]- S. E( B 183. Nonviolent land seizure( C/ n; V. f2 d9 | ^
184. Defiance of blockades
8 N8 T' U+ K& y# w: p' p7 b 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% t# O5 z; p( N' c0 h
186. Preclusive purchasing
$ z7 \$ v4 }4 r7 @ 187. Seizure of assets
% U: Q& w! O" a6 d7 F3 Q: _ 188. Dumping
* D/ I+ [5 R! I; L2 @ 189. Selective patronage4 Q2 l& [& D; |2 L9 u2 R4 v
190. Alternative markets5 X l; o D4 x S. `
191. Alternative transportation systems# b; I4 {8 X" ?9 v* o
192. Alternative economic institutions% s" q. [0 Y4 u7 l) H, a
2 j& S$ M0 p+ s2 L/ hPolitical Intervention
6 w3 s% y6 g% J% q {9 q* q' B 193. Overloading of administrative systems; _: i, z, O$ r; E5 l4 f0 G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, v3 F0 I' s+ A+ h
195. Seeking imprisonment2 V m' P, w) i- f/ J$ f% t# t6 V
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" h0 o" d$ c1 S$ |, p& V# B 197. Work-on without collaboration
( a( [; E8 n" q- L 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ S/ K k3 ]+ w ~+ q2 v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
