 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 _+ i( N7 L; K/ b# uFormal Statements
+ K* n8 q( B* P+ e3 J8 @ 1. Public Speeches
' W) w: y: F6 i) n9 W9 W1 F 2. Letters of opposition or support, t+ B' N* E! O% g1 [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
`4 t; ?2 c' b. z/ ^# N3 H# S W 4. Signed public statements
: i; ?1 p* t( f+ m4 P; _" V+ @ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 x+ j6 g5 {( T" X0 b% t+ y
6. Group or mass petitions
3 w; ], \* Y3 |5 b |3 I1 B/ j2 [9 ^ v( d4 R
Communications with a Wider Audience# A; H) r6 m3 B4 }+ c4 r9 }* d
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) c4 B8 D O0 z# E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" U; j+ c* f8 T0 w: }7 w
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 W3 {' D" T4 y: m5 V c# o 10. Newspapers and journals
. K; o$ h9 ?/ r; W( Z ]/ M D 11. Records, radio, and television0 C8 v+ a: d b( b# E/ `- ~
12. Skywriting and earthwriting- D- p/ |, K! L8 P& r
. {4 d2 w0 a% c
Group Representations
5 o$ P: g6 x4 S' P% v, ]# F 13. Deputations5 ^5 M! L: A r5 B; I: q
14. Mock awards
4 }; s+ D1 ?: u# E0 j0 Q! P% M 15. Group lobbying9 c/ c' x8 J" V ? V
16. Picketing
) G3 Z: L P/ g4 g7 ^! E R 17. Mock elections
: [2 a3 I* y0 M; ?
1 q. ]* A, v) L% I7 _0 x% ySymbolic Public Acts- r3 `1 {& V% w
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 p6 C% l* t4 k1 U2 m7 B
19. Wearing of symbols7 |7 P; l+ I% n" _2 ?. y
20. Prayer and worship! U3 m# x4 G5 v0 P6 u6 T8 J4 v g4 F
21. Delivering symbolic objects9 w( `. f$ h: J" Q- s
22. Protest disrobings. S& Z% Z- S0 V$ `7 d7 ?4 C" ?
23. Destruction of own property
6 [. _: e6 Q# w: c 24. Symbolic lights
, R, ?. t' @8 @$ _; m7 @ 25. Displays of portraits
0 A ]; C$ {: h( y 26. Paint as protest
l' U, x: `* X 27. New signs and names k0 V2 @/ O1 W' A$ e$ E
28. Symbolic sounds
2 e" @2 b/ b$ L 29. Symbolic reclamations
3 i g+ U* {- S8 ?) Q# ] 30. Rude gestures
; ~) S6 a0 O# a7 ~5 p* w8 X9 b9 i5 V
9 M0 p( K; R q7 wPressures on Individuals
8 z9 H2 d: {4 N% {! c+ Q 31. “Haunting” officials
5 r! X& O! F2 a; y1 l6 V" v 32. Taunting officials$ d* U, A. ?" w' g- W- c
33. Fraternization: {) b; V$ x! q
34. Vigils
* L: g' A+ a) j. Q0 R3 q. q# q$ Z" n
Drama and Music+ p& c; m* ]* O
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 R3 d7 g- S1 B; a
36. Performances of plays and music
' d0 G+ l8 ~# ?. Z. b4 k5 W& @ 37. Singing
1 q7 f) \. A: [6 p5 q% b/ ~+ G
?( x5 \" _5 b3 g' S: FProcessions
# k; u& _( q) u$ o# v" \ 38. Marches
7 \9 @4 L: d& Q! k& z) n5 Q 39. Parades2 ~( i0 O: r" M
40. Religious processions
# s; K2 V$ Q/ r& q$ [" E 41. Pilgrimages, J& ^9 `+ G' J r" g
42. Motorcades' _$ F1 r& r$ c( L- a" r* C6 _5 q
$ c& e* U: E1 `1 E3 B+ tHonoring the Dead5 e0 c( `" O* j0 M4 I* ^9 u2 J! K
43. Political mourning$ X+ E, Z y# c6 o
44. Mock funerals
& g0 l9 P) B( J( K4 D* ? 45. Demonstrative funerals& a" q( O& J& ]
46. Homage at burial places$ \2 o1 t1 R4 l D+ ~( k) {
& C8 a5 ~0 v* |/ K1 KPublic Assemblies0 J/ F8 @1 B1 z) c% c; ^
47. Assemblies of protest or support+ A( Y; l" [ `
48. Protest meetings
$ J3 x; R: G' q& j) y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% ]$ x% D% E+ s5 c& q! P- P' L 50. Teach-ins
" g/ f$ `8 r1 s+ r/ _0 F8 `4 j3 C
6 p$ B* V# u3 g. i1 \: |Withdrawal and Renunciation [8 q! ~) n D) b& U' V
51. Walk-outs# f5 a i3 H7 m6 A. J1 X: L
52. Silence; K. w, t. M" ]. m
53. Renouncing honors/ a- L/ m# G y- j
54. Turning one’s back
* u: {. x6 T2 G6 o8 A8 w) I; s9 Y3 d
3 E" b: \& _% Z. `- _; a1 _
4 H3 M5 }# t+ Q. l7 v7 \- r
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 E4 Z+ H1 i/ t( P! X
$ x% m9 ^( }2 g* J3 ~
8 A# d. I* W7 f1 G/ B' a
/ p# B5 \' ^+ C; T# n
Ostracism of Persons
' J1 c1 ]) `9 S$ t, r 55. Social boycott
9 _4 }( k7 c% N9 m& x/ F7 I, I 56. Selective social boycott( P+ D" G7 f0 `% D+ \; L) _1 y
57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ o2 y- B' R P+ w% L 58. Excommunication& g5 |, l) J3 S! E1 j0 U R
59. Interdict
0 T# E ]: m5 G+ _
3 U; z7 A1 ]. t$ [# E+ kNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: ?2 I+ L% c( m
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 C& ^& n' S( Z 61. Boycott of social affairs
4 ?, k1 `- I5 K5 C$ e+ w9 E 62. Student strike9 j5 J1 e5 n' q3 Y7 ]
63. Social disobedience, D/ k0 L& T: g( M) F4 H
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- q# |5 r3 c9 V8 R) I" G1 Q7 H- U/ Q2 |, O7 n% d
Withdrawal from the Social System
- E2 r t; k! Q" o) z 65. Stay-at-home8 S( E7 e* y! W6 H
66. Total personal noncooperation
, E6 R4 H' _! Q: Q& l Z \+ h' z4 o 67. “Flight” of workers: \2 _! ?6 A' H1 ?; w7 a
68. Sanctuary! G B s7 ~. O9 s3 K( ?) m& I
69. Collective disappearance% l" l0 r; Y3 l" C3 n
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# E" a m: j. i# Y# j+ A/ R4 t; s
( e( K6 l* D( n0 k3 ^0 C1 N
}5 \3 `+ b- _+ ^; e
. I* z; @/ \+ r# V' `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' a2 H3 e6 {5 N
% Z/ O/ Q. p7 X; \, q
$ M) D, ?! N2 c% [; hActions by Consumers
( v K2 h3 Q2 ` 71. Consumers’ boycott
9 @8 m4 R1 r& ?7 c6 d b7 I 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 @- X: m: j4 w4 h% x4 v 73. Policy of austerity* f$ G( b: s8 u2 w- q
74. Rent withholding, }' y" `3 C/ ]9 K. Y3 b
75. Refusal to rent: Q9 f! T5 T" \5 v% D7 `4 y6 d
76. National consumers’ boycott
0 n4 E; g6 g6 l5 X# S1 a. t; U' }) g 77. International consumers’ boycott
% G8 |0 j( |* H% ~! B& @, y, G8 u% w( L8 p6 ?
Action by Workers and Producers3 f: a/ u7 a C. Q3 ^% S# g' N
78. Workmen’s boycott
7 [" j9 b/ m. y9 e0 q; i- ~ 79. Producers’ boycott
: A! s) ~: |8 q( N& B4 @& a( H3 B$ V' U0 d( W
Action by Middlemen
6 M9 [: T# i; F) C+ A$ \* o4 S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& z" \9 I7 Z: v7 V
+ y+ Z7 t' s' s$ v+ j8 u
Action by Owners and Management8 q0 s! w% T" n/ a
81. Traders’ boycott
, z. D* {: B) ~; Y 82. Refusal to let or sell property* H- A' y1 @* T" K5 F# h# @
83. Lockout9 L9 X) j9 a5 @" Q8 j- E& }
84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 e; y9 W! V9 ?" ^# C
85. Merchants’ “general strike”" X7 D: Z( ]# d* c* ?! v
: M3 w5 g2 S1 W/ F1 WAction by Holders of Financial Resources
. _" \, f2 g) L# q/ C# s: N6 Y& w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( ]/ y% f, `* w5 e* h( _. ^( v
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 b) \8 y) l# V6 |" U; _0 k5 Q; [
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# t( e8 l" d4 g: Y
89. Severance of funds and credit2 ?. E4 ]: E0 _# n" T. G# l
90. Revenue refusal% v( S8 F) k$ F c5 a) h4 C& U
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 H1 n& ?4 H- _6 R& `
& t9 O+ [! m m, m+ X) q4 TAction by Governments
" m W' F7 y2 q, x1 r* L. n 92. Domestic embargo
5 I. J' E, _- d7 n 93. Blacklisting of traders
% ~& D, j Z1 y5 P. P" R 94. International sellers’ embargo" I( E8 K4 m9 ~. ]$ `- q% R
95. International buyers’ embargo
; o- _: P- {: v& k 96. International trade embargo
p7 m0 s3 I& M; j$ M B$ I" Y; }
, P9 y9 {, ~ E0 b, C& M
7 ~3 K" n+ ~1 V. l! f' X( M. m B: I$ [8 x- J# v/ a
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 ], Q: T0 T" s" t- R
' K2 J8 |" O+ i
. w+ k0 h: L4 h; y% e1 }
Symbolic Strikes
) q: V" ~: g3 U8 A+ k1 } 97. Protest strike! E' X- M- w* J' h: z4 p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ T& u! d8 ^' [* o& l& E8 d7 m4 R
, l* R p5 m. O2 y2 t* L4 GAgricultural Strikes1 e5 d7 X N+ ]6 C9 ]1 g
99. Peasant strike
$ ?% I- I5 }& Z$ d6 X 100. Farm Workers’ strike3 F6 Z- j+ c0 u4 Q
# {) a+ ^: Y2 p% }& s' c: jStrikes by Special Groups! F5 f) b6 T9 X0 I: U
101. Refusal of impressed labor0 [( J% F. I2 r7 V/ K6 p
102. Prisoners’ strike
! q' V+ f7 @6 T6 [+ m0 l 103. Craft strike
3 N8 y4 j$ Y4 G5 K% R( { 104. Professional strike
# I2 r2 b% [' n$ h) S, {; Q
7 ~' o1 {& T; F- ? vOrdinary Industrial Strikes, C$ I" }0 ]9 |! P5 D- R/ G: R
105. Establishment strike
) F* P0 F) ~; o4 I 106. Industry strike1 I, N% q% K+ X2 N0 f) J
107. Sympathetic strike2 b& R% u# W- V$ {) o& `; w
$ @* x# S; M4 {1 U4 E7 x
Restricted Strikes# X1 Q: _4 T4 G. E L9 f
108. Detailed strike
0 q7 {& A, c* l( c 109. Bumper strike
4 O# Q# ^6 w& C5 C" L) h' \; k 110. Slowdown strike
5 n0 F4 V4 t( x- M* ^* Z8 }; T; t 111. Working-to-rule strike, n. [) A) f* h2 d
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 w' }- v( p( u% Y- q' e4 |+ W5 s0 H
113. Strike by resignation2 s L: s2 G! R$ `9 j
114. Limited strike
* k y5 }! F' P1 W0 z 115. Selective strike" n# k: M. Y9 w1 }# y! e) C' F6 {
- s+ q1 @1 u& y( D$ g
Multi-Industry Strikes
0 Q: N6 d# X1 p& F9 U7 x! x# g- _. u
116. Generalized strike* M. n* E4 }0 Y; O2 Q# i
3 q @& q/ c* C2 f: Y1 q+ j2 _ 117. General strike
( J, ]8 c q$ `
* D+ Y9 {1 T" _0 [# H, W, _2 HCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 n5 L( a$ ]" N T
$ r7 r3 H2 N# {. ^3 i
118. Hartal
. V0 {) h. o; l, s% W+ t1 m8 b8 l' g9 {! a5 q7 z
119. Economic shutdown
* M2 p9 l( ^! A3 X: R% t" d. ^7 r7 M2 J6 A) h
5 s2 t* z- o, Y: f: K1 E: b! V/ {3 U* ^* l
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
! n& @/ N3 B2 V; u0 Y) F# p* e3 ^4 w9 q. U, _& ~" m+ |
U9 ^4 _7 i1 ^! y9 ]1 o! c
Rejection of Authority
; Q2 _6 F! _3 U* J( s. ^; E3 l' D 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 S f2 b9 G3 h9 v% G
121. Refusal of public support( {8 b) J( W$ |8 @& T
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; W: ]; `! v f, n
- w8 ]& r( h! b2 N" g6 U" p, j- I
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) f9 e n1 A% h9 z, a: q4 d
123. Boycott of legislative bodies' C) j2 t _5 B% }, C0 {5 i/ [
124. Boycott of elections
; U. G3 `- p# \/ R 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ y4 W1 r7 [- `4 P& z" ] 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 J& H7 \) Y) C( n T3 j 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 y, c0 h: J$ [3 P. @6 { 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& W( D" i8 [6 a% H6 O 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 O, |4 v. ?! x1 f5 y8 Z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. K$ C4 r5 r2 q. h8 J* t 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ Y" v( y1 C2 |' S3 P" O/ J 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 v9 j# J* ]3 H2 N0 ^4 m. R$ `
; }$ v/ P+ @' b" h8 \
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ B+ G7 _0 v, {& l7 d* E3 U
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# R% z5 R6 H: m; a9 s2 O" R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( I k$ B# ^% r$ ~. I; w$ ~ C1 [
135. Popular nonobedience
3 U; S$ w1 U% m, M2 y0 @ 136. Disguised disobedience# x+ o V2 I8 h9 q5 T7 v: T$ D( N& b
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
]# l: G$ B) n' l6 @3 w" p 138. Sitdown
1 u/ o1 D6 m6 n9 i# r v 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& g a1 F% F" b0 a4 ~9 a m
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 k3 p. t1 L; n+ {
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* w n4 s) i8 P, n
& I2 p! g! a0 R2 A7 |" GAction by Government Personnel
, F g5 K; E& E1 D0 ]" |8 `8 k. o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, ~3 @ L! [0 n" _- Q% T9 ]0 U$ N u
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 `( q- b1 _ J1 L5 K3 E( @+ H* q
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 r j$ n' y( j2 ?* k$ I 145. General administrative noncooperation. N# }& K5 T2 B- U& x
. Q1 L* \2 T. u$ @ 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ ?/ F6 B1 h, ? 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 Z g9 b/ n4 i4 |% A( a 148. Mutiny9 v( ?6 a& E: N( S2 X) r
Domestic Governmental Action. G* g& Z2 P. Z Q! R3 U" K- ?: G
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( Q" |9 j& ]' z1 e5 V; O! P0 p- e
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! P5 V" H& r2 a3 o: q
\; D" H1 p3 o; Y4 J3 Z uInternational Governmental Action
( p, \- O' a( C5 [3 x 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ o3 c/ O( y U- L# v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* y2 Y$ p, U7 f# ~9 I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition y/ J3 L: ~7 m V7 i7 N: i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 H# M9 _/ N8 O' V& }; [. T6 A$ p9 `
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" Z: O8 f4 h8 ]6 {8 e$ o3 n+ L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies K" L8 L1 c) G i5 y
157. Expulsion from international organizations, G9 |6 C! e% x5 c3 Y( \
0 p8 H6 ]# v$ A8 [4 q, }, S
. l4 T+ s1 y6 S8 ~3 K: I$ u0 ?" j6 g1 C8 n% ]
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 ^) G ?( U/ m Z# y
. ?" e/ k( g3 A6 a" K4 J
" Y* C% V O. n; R. uPsychological Intervention
* Z! k/ |# f7 I+ ~" T 158. Self-exposure to the elements% q# K5 {+ E9 d
159. The fast1 Y$ e N# m2 E& _
a) Fast of moral pressure7 ?& k" f' N0 ]! p# c8 }3 b
b) Hunger strike
8 g* C- q9 L' n" a8 j c) Satyagrahic fast
8 z; u: t3 l; v/ } 160. Reverse trial+ E0 D% @2 L8 k5 r! y
161. Nonviolent harassment) d. s- v- E% F6 h n$ }) a# I
7 z5 ]0 r, Q1 Z. e/ A- OPhysical Intervention6 H: j1 _; k9 J' H; _( u+ k
162. Sit-in
1 i( W. v5 G: ?( |3 A4 ^" Q 163. Stand-in9 J: a8 }8 r1 ^+ ~3 h
164. Ride-in* n5 V9 a& b& q/ w
165. Wade-in
+ ~& B4 _9 E5 I8 I 166. Mill-in- E/ ?% O* |8 ^9 |7 {
167. Pray-in- C) A6 {, S0 M* \! E& r% Z
168. Nonviolent raids
7 w3 V* a$ O! c2 \$ W8 C8 @1 R 169. Nonviolent air raids6 m/ k' T3 |0 ]! J' z
170. Nonviolent invasion
: Q4 Y2 N8 [, c, ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection! o5 I: F, g0 b( c* f
172. Nonviolent obstruction- n- s& I5 X) b$ r3 \6 E$ m2 h
173. Nonviolent occupation; h5 i; T1 A" B$ u. q
. T+ |/ q" n' }6 d
Social Intervention
6 d3 ]" }5 c ^0 Z1 C 174. Establishing new social patterns
& W3 ^; O* F4 R, S 175. Overloading of facilities
: c- W3 E: ]! C9 H$ K 176. Stall-in
8 w$ K) ?; c0 ~ 177. Speak-in
0 d# |9 V* Z* s% T( ^ 178. Guerrilla theater
1 m# Q" c$ _$ x7 E) p; j+ @/ ^8 c, E8 ? 179. Alternative social institutions' o" t C6 }- }6 X8 [
180. Alternative communication system7 x# v, Q: Q2 I4 d6 M- J* o
, j/ V7 p# P, R- Q' m9 X% H9 n& R
Economic Intervention4 n8 }" ?, w7 y1 f
181. Reverse strike% r, O. F/ y: S! w8 V
182. Stay-in strike! ?3 M) H, R8 D; b5 R# T
183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 W+ Q0 u, y! m: W 184. Defiance of blockades
; P* I/ t1 ]& b. M3 a 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 P9 _: z' ^& c8 k7 q
186. Preclusive purchasing
, L. h4 s. \2 ]& y 187. Seizure of assets( y% c" j# o# n ^
188. Dumping5 Y3 y, `: J6 F' W* a0 ?9 \) R1 \
189. Selective patronage
- w# j. `% P4 ^8 h 190. Alternative markets5 M* b; M# i9 f; p2 N
191. Alternative transportation systems( n( k& Z; C5 Y+ B1 W4 i# y. Y
192. Alternative economic institutions
8 ^( I$ r4 H+ ?. h$ i% F) F: h! U
7 i+ x9 ?& {' e% iPolitical Intervention" W& k0 c) V' y c4 p! q! U
193. Overloading of administrative systems
* c7 o8 O/ A$ ~' {* D 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" r" X1 E, E! d
195. Seeking imprisonment; T: t' M( P# M' L' T& ?
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 p2 W5 X& ~. O5 K: R( L8 X5 X0 n3 K 197. Work-on without collaboration- {- u! A/ M, ?$ u7 y/ J, ]
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: w% z& U6 N" }# l/ Y, f, W
- N* C1 m* j2 J+ ^
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
