 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 P/ R8 r3 x# BFormal Statements L5 m/ D/ ]# g! B1 r
1. Public Speeches
9 ^$ ]2 m% j$ \7 k 2. Letters of opposition or support
7 e, s* l3 h0 G* P3 i: v 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
2 `- _8 Z, G8 S" H( ~- V6 Z7 _7 l% O 4. Signed public statements# M- {9 J7 E8 Y4 m& r
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ J+ Z( y9 T/ G' R M; E# _
6. Group or mass petitions+ t) g( f, Z7 \7 a* S# l
' r; }* t1 f( B( \( S2 ~7 H7 xCommunications with a Wider Audience) E0 S+ Z% J" T/ E7 o$ j# a' c& X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- U5 N4 B4 j( p6 S/ S g 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, Q. s1 D4 e+ s5 P7 p8 x z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; n* ^, P3 ~! E# W7 N
10. Newspapers and journals3 l) y5 l/ X9 U( V* K$ P8 @1 ?
11. Records, radio, and television! P4 H/ ]0 T' l. i% _
12. Skywriting and earthwriting- O; I$ t, s7 q( [
: l+ V3 V7 Y, U& vGroup Representations
* x* I: b+ M7 I" ? 13. Deputations
6 f" u# X [; b2 T6 O 14. Mock awards/ ], q7 b; i1 j
15. Group lobbying
, u% w# K3 ?; C: N1 M" M1 p, i; J" F$ C 16. Picketing
6 z5 B3 {5 \6 q9 |# f 17. Mock elections$ ?8 v7 [4 N6 n; x5 u
* i0 Y3 a, Z- k5 G& oSymbolic Public Acts
4 z- T& \8 Y% E" A' f 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
j" R2 r6 d5 @, M9 \ 19. Wearing of symbols4 H( K$ Z2 E6 S: ^; \
20. Prayer and worship$ a- C) n* Q3 K+ {! P' B4 U; \
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: U, s e M' H, o; x 22. Protest disrobings
; y& e2 {; H8 R' P- h 23. Destruction of own property l; }, @6 S# R4 ~
24. Symbolic lights+ t5 }$ E# F9 e
25. Displays of portraits
: X* Y+ y1 u9 [ 26. Paint as protest
) J+ {% q, Y1 A8 C2 M 27. New signs and names8 {0 q9 ^2 Z2 v1 V
28. Symbolic sounds, ^! H7 x4 a: [4 E/ K
29. Symbolic reclamations
# F4 l3 a8 x7 ~' w; O 30. Rude gestures
- g9 S5 s/ O! V, e3 t7 v! @
$ T9 H1 J& H8 b [6 B* LPressures on Individuals
" l# d; H% i6 V7 }) v 31. “Haunting” officials/ Z8 t( p" o+ d2 z% i
32. Taunting officials
9 [- g) G8 ~+ F- N 33. Fraternization
' V& j9 y4 L p& H4 O. g m 34. Vigils0 f% Z. M( Y6 u, C' l* P2 L
8 ], q7 u1 V& B* F) p2 a: r
Drama and Music
, i. r% t9 W2 q$ d) H 35. Humorous skits and pranks" o$ V z" w) R" i
36. Performances of plays and music, r% D2 Q$ j8 o7 H9 V. P# A% L: V
37. Singing
% q6 q( R" d, x& v
' ~' _1 g; k2 f ?! I( H2 ]Processions
) G2 d4 ]0 A, }9 e: I, M8 D( y 38. Marches3 I: E( R9 O6 y, N
39. Parades- i I6 z. `9 f" s1 v
40. Religious processions
3 K; J3 N3 F* M$ l/ {4 } 41. Pilgrimages, P2 v* H) d4 P6 p
42. Motorcades( J" H3 }! c. p
: d8 c K, i ^; K# V4 h3 C6 xHonoring the Dead' C3 @6 e" y( C" C9 l, [, e
43. Political mourning% u0 z5 H( |) @
44. Mock funerals
: y" B9 K( d) A, `: _7 n3 v1 q 45. Demonstrative funerals' A' n) _1 q. e5 a9 x& m7 }! E
46. Homage at burial places$ B* j5 v+ q j, o2 W/ ]+ Q
) ^) G$ r7 X* O& Y9 FPublic Assemblies; E+ l1 V2 Z" {5 C
47. Assemblies of protest or support. K+ c3 l) }+ B0 q
48. Protest meetings; V' O/ Z' Y! R& [. n" P) U7 n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# Z; V7 Q2 w; A5 J) E3 y" i0 r 50. Teach-ins
h& Z1 v! {" [ y) w' i7 Q
3 n+ @4 g# d! q/ [9 UWithdrawal and Renunciation9 C* K; Y8 w8 E- b$ e' e
51. Walk-outs" m. V( x( n% c9 h+ p' D
52. Silence. ]9 h8 ]& d, T6 s
53. Renouncing honors' f7 a2 k0 _: Q/ H* [
54. Turning one’s back
$ ~( {- {- {- q T, r# `6 ]5 n8 i1 B1 W8 n; W
) q2 z' `; }" N. q" Q! S4 d. E4 C; Z8 K2 L
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 Z, {1 s8 _7 B* k( `5 Q5 ~
z; o& F+ d; w& e
8 w' @9 `9 D/ B T6 G' o" s3 F" _; Z! }3 Y. N/ u
Ostracism of Persons/ c# a) h( t8 j7 [) h' P
55. Social boycott
5 L0 C) W' ]- g+ R 56. Selective social boycott! `' O w" k3 R% R
57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 ?+ Y" ^4 ]/ a5 _, u 58. Excommunication
; ~ {; z* k, v. { h 59. Interdict
5 O% J2 {/ g/ b2 c' A% G" w' }. }& P! n
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( E6 Y& u3 V2 c. S% q' X3 b 60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 ~ y$ g) j4 @
61. Boycott of social affairs
+ L' v; H3 O" z2 m3 ]7 N1 x 62. Student strike
: |( Y4 Q# U" N+ _ 63. Social disobedience
. i7 v- D. H# o 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 q4 `( H0 i: |6 I8 @' F; f
8 F5 i- e5 d @. i; r* OWithdrawal from the Social System
5 v( a) {" t% q% I1 u" ]8 ~ 65. Stay-at-home
3 F* M' x; L: o% q) A8 Y 66. Total personal noncooperation6 x. W- ^% q$ s! |2 d7 L% w, w/ s2 {
67. “Flight” of workers
) w* B2 M% z; ]% _1 a3 N/ ^/ |" _ 68. Sanctuary" Y) P- j& X4 Z7 A$ Q# ^
69. Collective disappearance: _' D: @5 y& D4 B1 C( ]( j& M+ v7 R
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' Z3 U# a4 G& F4 {
. U$ ]& D6 ?% V/ G9 F. a1 T' G8 R6 r
4 J5 S3 k4 g. O2 z9 ~
8 d$ T4 f6 a: w- _* OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" W9 {/ r: G: G7 J ^1 ~
6 Z% Z; o3 A: b6 O- h* Q$ U
) t- ]3 U5 V6 c5 y0 H ]* ^
Actions by Consumers+ B' _* H( O' U- R+ z
71. Consumers’ boycott8 Z4 B9 Y7 f5 f
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods$ m- _ D: k! y& l2 d' F* K
73. Policy of austerity
* f) z) \6 x- ?9 \/ O 74. Rent withholding X$ P3 ] S. n3 I5 |' n3 [
75. Refusal to rent4 y# _: r" r3 x H1 S$ [; i8 Z
76. National consumers’ boycott
6 s8 @9 N" Y& @' j% c 77. International consumers’ boycott
0 v5 @9 K( s. ]6 C, o5 m0 O% s: ^1 O5 B5 J* R' E Z
Action by Workers and Producers
( I8 E) G4 n* D- R) x0 ?$ c 78. Workmen’s boycott; V$ W) J3 ?6 a% l3 o1 h
79. Producers’ boycott
2 v/ e3 p$ \ L- t Q |9 A/ l9 O' z' b$ X) `% d" s* M$ T6 Q
Action by Middlemen
8 q; J, o1 D- \ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ u: U9 J: s9 _0 @( {' r6 \$ U, Y
6 L. a) A0 a+ m8 ZAction by Owners and Management
) S( c" @* Y }+ Q6 x 81. Traders’ boycott8 b8 L& ?/ h9 G3 |: X$ \
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: N6 \9 u" S' y: I9 L [8 v6 ?3 A 83. Lockout
/ m2 s E% v6 J1 Q; ^1 |2 v9 ]* z 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 | e l" H; V
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ r- \7 ~$ D( T! d% h& i- E$ y- d/ K. Y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources/ f4 H% N, @1 [! f
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 E4 ^& E, C! Y! [) o6 }7 r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ L, L& W+ ~, F! |+ n5 f5 F
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 q! I* }/ K/ d 89. Severance of funds and credit" ]& M4 ] X8 v& [
90. Revenue refusal
7 E8 B3 [! `- s2 e. }1 z 91. Refusal of a government’s money' L/ v# Y% n$ U) \. t3 I
$ ] E; b2 J6 x7 C& C# FAction by Governments
( C) `7 s' F# [8 _+ Y6 Z8 Q! N 92. Domestic embargo" `9 z7 P1 q- u& _5 L
93. Blacklisting of traders
7 N6 r$ H3 [9 I- _+ t* t! \) } 94. International sellers’ embargo2 t+ p3 W5 M; y! a9 V* V
95. International buyers’ embargo8 y& [4 z3 f8 ]
96. International trade embargo' H$ c1 ?. m% P6 q+ [$ r% d
( ^5 y- ]; }* I! w/ p. @% {* Z
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, V }9 u- S$ R+ X9 U8 d
1 P- E u8 @$ q1 k3 w4 |' X
9 Z7 d+ [* Z7 j o; S3 |7 |
Symbolic Strikes
9 x8 |1 s! ~3 C# c% D4 m. Q 97. Protest strike
" i$ \+ G7 ?; g8 x n P; a" h 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 s- N" |0 d, s' F/ H7 c- e& n& U, N6 C' f5 ?
Agricultural Strikes
* B8 m1 @& ?/ [: ?/ w0 N- @ 99. Peasant strike
6 {) z0 k- u! {1 ~( H 100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 y x' V" D& e' ^) v$ n6 D, h- K3 G( R$ N+ _
Strikes by Special Groups
- W& m. `9 s9 ^+ g. f 101. Refusal of impressed labor
& T K B) h( t0 G 102. Prisoners’ strike
! T( ^! t7 S) b' _. k9 r& z) W 103. Craft strike2 A0 P; Z% p" R9 ?0 p6 _; Z1 m- I
104. Professional strike, Y8 f$ n1 v: a- S
( ~& r" |8 A+ o+ s4 A4 V. Q8 m
Ordinary Industrial Strikes8 e7 L! H9 w! ?8 Z% h& a# d
105. Establishment strike
- _& f% S0 l) `6 X" n 106. Industry strike
1 y# \& _/ y2 L$ I( v, ^. z9 X 107. Sympathetic strike
* D9 m6 R: M5 X
; J% d8 W9 ]5 ~% H/ mRestricted Strikes, t, D3 v5 ? v# c1 r3 R
108. Detailed strike
, J: d; C' \( C2 H$ g8 F) G* s+ x( K 109. Bumper strike& h; B, N6 m; z6 b
110. Slowdown strike7 ]) p9 I3 f, U5 \
111. Working-to-rule strike
* B9 V( D2 Z7 N. J$ G; a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 w& B9 k0 k: w& M9 ~$ K9 C8 [ 113. Strike by resignation
K E" s6 t+ E- W, {7 m 114. Limited strike
3 e# S2 B4 X# X B8 n- Z6 V$ m( k 115. Selective strike- @6 U8 }9 i% y5 @
# p* H* X2 O" Q$ u3 X! YMulti-Industry Strikes1 c4 `9 P0 }! r) t& s% Z
; I. y6 X/ x9 r% u+ b9 _
116. Generalized strike
) Z$ a6 k$ X3 o4 [! l9 j/ ]% _# \
117. General strike
& R E8 v! q: r& K- c/ g
. f) P: o7 {- E, H$ aCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 f/ s( H1 j, r
8 p6 N( u& J- u+ y( `# Y& y( S 118. Hartal
u: g" z. s! }* i0 `
# A3 x- h3 |5 L# n V9 f# d 119. Economic shutdown8 i1 }7 f! E2 W3 P1 ?5 S, J
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% |; S! C c' H! a. |# v* h' U" l, w- W- P7 m8 ^! w" E4 G
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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9 i; B' V, n* b. E( P7 g1 i/ N : g% b' G7 L$ E8 S6 d i
Rejection of Authority
( C d3 j) ?' A5 f 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! `2 I7 }, o& E9 J6 p 121. Refusal of public support
, D/ K: ^' f$ @0 P. _ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 R; d! W4 D) E) }1 @7 D* y
0 P( S1 G/ b7 ~; H
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ g3 v& I9 L+ l; F M6 t( L' P 123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ i* T" V+ T3 x5 d
124. Boycott of elections+ C, @5 p2 v% S7 z2 a' }
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 g7 b% ~; P4 y, A2 F 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( U9 _, U* E7 | }+ r6 j8 Q6 H, u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; ]" P) c( D! z- f# }- \/ i4 q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# F5 U+ {( B- M6 F, _2 e, ? 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; b8 k( ?( a; d% F
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 Y3 i& ?% L, Z7 ~& L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, S9 r! G" ~$ \3 ^. u
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 G- n8 M& E/ {( C" n
# y+ V- G3 P. v& b4 GCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& ^ W& A+ |! O2 f1 ^
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ R8 L7 Q7 ?. h& g' W* C. J# w7 Y$ F 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 s4 Z; d( u: D* F
135. Popular nonobedience- T, \. C" u' o M8 {: Q
136. Disguised disobedience
! K9 T) s# U' N" H! H- _* m3 W5 Y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( ^5 I9 F4 i& t4 f) s1 h3 Z1 E
138. Sitdown
# N# `$ C% o. g: W 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* _ k* F' P' |# a" Q: c) ]4 o 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
@4 [; [/ A: Y# u# C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ n0 o! p9 q: n9 S4 G k, I* Y+ R) `
Action by Government Personnel; a, F3 H. E4 L4 o0 R2 b) H
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" \3 _9 c& l3 A; N. t x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
/ ?2 u* |' u) ]& { o- b, b8 T: i 144. Stalling and obstruction- d& B! u+ P+ ]3 H2 `* S
145. General administrative noncooperation! G! _5 N( v( W9 {+ n
9 Z$ {8 d. ^4 M# e 146. Judicial noncooperation
{2 A* X5 i2 s1 h) L 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! a4 {5 u" y7 q 148. Mutiny6 G O& j. r6 b
Domestic Governmental Action
$ J; c, @ E$ o1 V; z. _/ I$ c 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' d' g4 W, y$ ]* F# {8 g
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; Y, A+ U3 Z8 L& e% f# D+ K \8 g
1 ^! z7 F' Y- b$ C( a
International Governmental Action/ v+ d' h, |3 `: a
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* H% K' t# ^, X- o4 P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 O( O4 B/ k4 z5 j
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; ^/ B8 d% o/ z4 F0 }, U1 q8 @ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 A. }7 i' v3 J% T7 K( j: e- x 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" r- T4 w6 K" P" X% }. W 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% U6 u# E* G) G( P6 ~. U 157. Expulsion from international organizations$ R* Y+ ^/ u t
1 b8 E' E- L! @* J1 h, K
1 L! o: n( { O2 X; a& v* ?, u4 b* O/ T0 V2 Z) V
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: `9 _7 Y) Y1 N4 x; ~
- o3 \6 s/ q) w% {8 u* i0 ?
4 U) C: H7 I! d( Z& c: \" C+ M/ w7 DPsychological Intervention7 Y* _! _- T0 X# M; t4 C6 B
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- `$ a+ v2 y' k9 f; _) S2 ` 159. The fast* y% G" R3 a3 a- ]/ K) g
a) Fast of moral pressure3 g& u3 ?; X h
b) Hunger strike$ M2 t$ O# j- o0 h
c) Satyagrahic fast+ t5 B' v+ K- z% Z5 {# L) K
160. Reverse trial7 I" D- y4 @) I# l. S) i
161. Nonviolent harassment# N+ }. A( s& f
6 ^" P, x6 N& Z9 _5 p5 Z J4 |
Physical Intervention( ?' R+ t: e; y6 q3 h
162. Sit-in
' I O+ t) s; \# y# g 163. Stand-in) G4 n2 y. n2 m8 |8 v( m
164. Ride-in
k2 N; f" @5 @& o 165. Wade-in [; B' W& o' s# n. L3 r, m
166. Mill-in
; R5 s. q! F& w; @ 167. Pray-in
9 l' J& K/ } r! O' n4 j% s 168. Nonviolent raids
7 Y9 Q* d3 T# y& f 169. Nonviolent air raids
8 S$ Z6 @3 [& s9 o: Z& q7 o 170. Nonviolent invasion
) Z9 ]# v) F7 v5 d) E! `) p4 Y 171. Nonviolent interjection$ g' ]7 F+ t/ T0 S% e1 H
172. Nonviolent obstruction8 L( k. h0 L! H
173. Nonviolent occupation! l& ?6 \& i% A9 C
$ a; p# o. y& @* v9 MSocial Intervention0 L- }! u! K% p% Z6 ~/ h+ k; J$ ~% ^& h
174. Establishing new social patterns
4 X' |# V+ |9 c 175. Overloading of facilities
& C" Y3 \! F! A$ F0 @ 176. Stall-in+ _, u$ k- m* Z4 q6 ~4 m& N& {
177. Speak-in, Z5 s9 b1 D1 s3 N J
178. Guerrilla theater
6 t! A. E9 u- [# }5 B' G 179. Alternative social institutions
6 ^$ u- \( G+ U& f1 i" h* ]% @ 180. Alternative communication system
4 }- b4 v' U* \& ?- `$ ?: w: C0 w' N C5 N
Economic Intervention
9 m( f" p/ W( p 181. Reverse strike* T4 z. ]/ n D: J, J4 b$ L. P
182. Stay-in strike/ C5 }9 ?- O* V( T, O0 r- l
183. Nonviolent land seizure
^% L# w5 j* h3 u7 i z$ H 184. Defiance of blockades" i( r h, _% A/ G% n
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 A/ _0 Q* y9 ^. ~$ U 186. Preclusive purchasing
) V* h' \$ n! v 187. Seizure of assets$ I/ K( q) G- l! U" p$ T. s
188. Dumping$ r5 |5 {; C6 @8 d
189. Selective patronage$ X6 z; I* J2 ^8 ^8 Y- C8 ^5 c
190. Alternative markets
' @8 r2 z+ V; l 191. Alternative transportation systems7 A% A6 Q7 \5 b3 Q
192. Alternative economic institutions
. _, X" ^7 i o; _# d: a/ D
4 c. n: v+ s, F5 u2 d% hPolitical Intervention3 b9 m' i; p( I3 F. M' q" P
193. Overloading of administrative systems- C' U2 h/ _% I) E$ F2 N% _+ |+ L6 N
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
1 t- F2 X( j; e$ m 195. Seeking imprisonment
8 o# y! R( ^1 P9 @' R i6 q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% j0 z. a. x' K* b& t( H 197. Work-on without collaboration3 |- G# m. m) ]
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 M1 j: i0 Q6 o" m6 c
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
