 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
Z g5 O: t' w/ ]Formal Statements
" \8 e0 n L# P& ? 1. Public Speeches, K5 ^: H* U0 V. h! X7 L1 B) ~- K) ?
2. Letters of opposition or support4 C. z6 G* S* F- M0 W* ~2 A0 @
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 ]* \* K' e5 m1 X7 L
4. Signed public statements- N$ E7 v0 R6 o2 `- d2 G
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) s; b" D: I4 U% s8 ` 6. Group or mass petitions
; @5 p' m0 F- d
2 h8 g( t# G% Y! w9 x& W+ g+ oCommunications with a Wider Audience
' f e0 E$ W+ J: W 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, u' X* E) U7 b: w- A! r& c6 D
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& g. B, p& g8 e1 d 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" W( t2 U4 r, T# O' q
10. Newspapers and journals5 q( E% H. D+ b6 M# @
11. Records, radio, and television4 o) _$ b4 N: U1 o6 v8 h- @& w
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% Y/ q6 G: Z: R" {6 Z% ^
4 H! i9 k7 F' \7 Z4 CGroup Representations
! y4 I5 @+ c" e' j 13. Deputations
+ N2 r+ T2 s: c1 n( u& j 14. Mock awards3 n1 {9 \$ v, o) C- L5 q" {
15. Group lobbying+ C6 V- |$ F$ M* z( `
16. Picketing1 w3 J% T1 T3 W, L7 H1 x5 E( S7 g
17. Mock elections: N% O8 T( N0 _# p1 i$ e# x
& p* m) Z: }' v4 m( T+ Z6 ZSymbolic Public Acts, T3 b8 }" @- ?; p1 ]% d
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! M7 K5 w- k( O" Y0 k! @ 19. Wearing of symbols
/ X7 f# R9 V. ^+ B$ I6 |$ k 20. Prayer and worship
: A2 M3 e8 \. b/ n) l% ? 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 k8 L8 f" _" i5 O( M 22. Protest disrobings9 h+ _' {+ a1 b7 E5 d! q! ~* q
23. Destruction of own property8 \3 s# K9 _" O. @- X% Z
24. Symbolic lights2 m: T! C) ?* R
25. Displays of portraits& k0 `0 j2 q5 z7 k F
26. Paint as protest& [, |3 o4 Q4 L/ w5 f* n
27. New signs and names
3 X# j2 Y+ P" J' r 28. Symbolic sounds5 W V# G: P7 n! ^$ c% K
29. Symbolic reclamations7 i9 L, Y& V: `# A1 o
30. Rude gestures
) D* v/ ? h. f6 N3 a" l- z4 T
# s1 b1 }: P& B9 `3 GPressures on Individuals* e \0 }9 h7 g/ _1 [1 g. j
31. “Haunting” officials, V( Q+ a' B' X% V- }
32. Taunting officials! b( v* }/ O T8 N& C
33. Fraternization
/ j" C0 ^$ }4 z+ P4 Q G- m _ 34. Vigils
/ A0 r" t9 |) M O+ R' B
" c4 @* b1 o3 LDrama and Music9 W. ~. E i) H; H! B) T
35. Humorous skits and pranks
, ?6 V0 ^. H7 ~ 36. Performances of plays and music. V c, t6 V5 z
37. Singing
8 k; o4 {1 x) Z2 i# ]0 `8 P3 J5 e- i
Processions
$ R; b1 q2 c e# n0 {# w- @ 38. Marches i6 Q) e, C$ M6 k& P
39. Parades8 j0 S& t, F' w: D8 C
40. Religious processions% H% ?. w9 q7 N1 @& V6 ]" i8 I6 j
41. Pilgrimages' f( Y' n. j1 v0 \) N; A" l3 Z
42. Motorcades
, v8 A9 t# R& {5 }- S$ e% E; g
/ j0 k+ {8 e3 Q+ F% M% K# D; OHonoring the Dead
( }) K m: v" \4 ] 43. Political mourning
% I" Q. Q3 [7 r" M$ I 44. Mock funerals6 n. Y0 _# X, B* N7 L
45. Demonstrative funerals
: u7 R6 G9 q! h( F) B V# I 46. Homage at burial places; [9 ^' |' F1 i
! V( B3 K. Q: ^7 B
Public Assemblies
* {% G7 p; T' R5 X8 \: j# Q 47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 ]/ M* \+ c3 W6 ~2 ` 48. Protest meetings }) p5 ?* `' U1 w8 A! H$ n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 j G) A- C: s4 ~ 50. Teach-ins
* A3 d5 X6 ~8 h% {* A- D$ ~% j8 r, _$ ?, G ?8 Y& Y/ G
Withdrawal and Renunciation% z% F9 m: @+ r1 d# \# s
51. Walk-outs
1 R" ~) }6 m g/ ]3 U 52. Silence$ |' J7 h, U n0 i6 Q1 T
53. Renouncing honors
/ N4 x( |8 Q7 [: B e 54. Turning one’s back& G; _# i9 [) u; N9 }4 E* R
, q5 z% U0 s& i( p9 `
& G- K! \# q7 [
E4 h+ j \! ^9 Z( c$ j. ~# ATHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
; |5 K: c) m, ?
8 d" Y# o8 R1 h h- W- m% W' D4 K
( W' G( W: w7 `. d8 P
8 n% ]6 U$ d5 [* f) v/ |+ UOstracism of Persons
& h$ {/ w& U) \3 s 55. Social boycott
! _+ h: }7 R$ E# b0 O* j3 x: h 56. Selective social boycott& I: t8 C, b* I; B
57. Lysistratic nonaction) i# k% U% k4 S" c4 w
58. Excommunication7 ^) X% B+ l4 v4 B/ f
59. Interdict
5 h# O& P5 u! J( y+ L( M& ^8 J& B9 \0 Y# v8 S
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! _ ~4 T9 ?4 M% x3 P0 g
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 Z; c( L k( A' u d) g/ i 61. Boycott of social affairs9 N8 [, ~$ T" x7 A
62. Student strike
5 | [, t$ y6 ~) n. N; c+ R 63. Social disobedience
$ S/ @: w* s* E8 M& c1 ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ q* ^4 X) w8 `7 k$ {5 s
' Y$ v: @2 O5 s: H( q+ [Withdrawal from the Social System: G7 }. S4 l9 I2 O- d6 H! T$ `
65. Stay-at-home/ ?' F% n0 x5 `
66. Total personal noncooperation$ ^3 O* S$ V6 N3 I
67. “Flight” of workers) [- ]' g9 B' ?
68. Sanctuary0 ] {6 Q: M* q+ }. L
69. Collective disappearance6 Y" B7 U0 Q9 T' }, j
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 m& L; V, R" ~3 a) E- y, y
5 |6 c/ g2 x; |' ~" r
' Y* C" P& W9 P- j! N
" Z6 H7 o5 h$ W w8 x HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 m* Z) d1 U: B/ H5 d$ {' G. V& t6 g; c/ O* u4 T6 L, i
% d; k9 g) ~3 g# [
Actions by Consumers
) M% O8 s$ y# n; s/ d' Q+ p) ? 71. Consumers’ boycott
* D5 @/ r( c9 K$ ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! f: t3 f1 ~* t3 F+ M 73. Policy of austerity1 [ z" Q5 i) M5 Z
74. Rent withholding2 ~2 L/ s/ Q: H; ?: h6 h( _
75. Refusal to rent3 }- _2 J% |9 j# P& t* L( s
76. National consumers’ boycott
3 ~, O. r) b) w( \% X 77. International consumers’ boycott
. B8 ?2 l0 y/ f: x& F
6 T6 U3 j* M4 }* Q; hAction by Workers and Producers
/ X0 n) l g0 i; J# A 78. Workmen’s boycott; l4 Q5 p9 y- ~, I+ C- ~
79. Producers’ boycott
! d2 T1 [! C" y) Y" J( h+ U) L
& P, @$ B7 H: S5 HAction by Middlemen
* w* s" {! y; ?/ K4 {, m 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 v/ N$ `) Q) c R1 i% ]# q6 z& t. W- a2 `
Action by Owners and Management- H8 r3 Y7 C! u, i& b9 ]( r/ f
81. Traders’ boycott
4 n `% @0 e% u7 A! i! T' @& Z9 V 82. Refusal to let or sell property
( I8 ^! J0 {, [& n0 z' G; ` 83. Lockout7 A/ c" a, {2 h7 F t
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' w- }5 s3 V3 j' n& J/ f
85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 t2 d" `0 K# z/ j8 U
6 o& i( H0 L8 P; G" T* hAction by Holders of Financial Resources
4 I/ U E: J) P% O 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 F. c0 @% O8 F$ W: o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. b) i! d3 I1 i; A# t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ ^) |9 u& c) q5 r W- W, S
89. Severance of funds and credit5 n4 Z' U, S, ^: }# e' L/ ]5 @
90. Revenue refusal
8 S! [- R% J# Q9 ^ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
! I+ R7 R3 O( e7 L5 d
# Y, c( L0 Y4 SAction by Governments' _$ m" e9 K5 ~9 |0 W4 E p/ F
92. Domestic embargo
. V+ z& s5 Z, s! p; Y 93. Blacklisting of traders
( X1 ?8 H. ~( _- J0 @ 94. International sellers’ embargo7 B4 S! q7 ~" Q e
95. International buyers’ embargo
) \- M; L. s$ J z( l 96. International trade embargo9 S! Z& J8 }5 K* @! Y* ~' ~7 w
* H, [ a3 x) F, ^+ K
; W- m% I: M, Q1 X3 i( Y& _
% ^: K7 v9 p6 b' D% }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 W* z/ [, y) a# ]' v) j, ^) {8 R- U9 e/ I* i" a- N' b
0 B9 h! y9 ^- s* @9 hSymbolic Strikes* N; O; j3 Q4 j
97. Protest strike
+ r$ w( q f$ Q' b8 D 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( J" o" ^1 d7 L7 k
. u7 H$ V; p4 X2 U; a1 wAgricultural Strikes; t: A1 a6 b8 P3 p$ t0 v0 H8 o
99. Peasant strike+ w$ I- Q. I' l# u: H
100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 i2 ?- s9 U3 n/ u( O2 {: v. C. T9 j' y7 {
Strikes by Special Groups7 R/ V9 X [2 c6 _0 N% O5 E
101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 q9 Q- N7 H- ? 102. Prisoners’ strike% f( v9 T1 P1 u& ?" P+ ^( c
103. Craft strike9 S' R% u. v/ a* Y# m8 b. G
104. Professional strike
. O' _; L- d! ~$ _. w! @
+ q8 l; j# d2 Z7 p9 {Ordinary Industrial Strikes& k: q+ f& H4 x7 V& I
105. Establishment strike2 D6 u$ ]6 j. A- m; t) |/ O$ j
106. Industry strike
* E" U. Z5 t0 ]9 ?& G 107. Sympathetic strike/ J# J4 L8 i! _# B' M, D
; L9 Y- y' O, l! y N$ Q5 k/ VRestricted Strikes
2 m( U2 f n/ o8 M- F 108. Detailed strike
, ^ I+ x/ I# V0 P# B 109. Bumper strike/ p) a1 O3 |2 v5 f+ L+ ]
110. Slowdown strike. a, ^4 B. r+ s! I
111. Working-to-rule strike
* J" c2 j, E+ z0 q9 `8 v 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 Q7 M( `6 U( P# m7 \4 ^" Q0 ` 113. Strike by resignation$ _7 v' i. l: g$ R/ k% m
114. Limited strike+ f- r! @) L2 f
115. Selective strike* A2 M2 }# s- \& V
2 Y8 V6 P0 L+ `: H& l4 P3 H+ }Multi-Industry Strikes S4 n0 I! Z" K; c e
; L+ t. S% S u
116. Generalized strike
. C9 D9 J% r! {( B8 @" M' ]# c: H* }% |
117. General strike
* c \# \ G$ i" I1 g4 Q
! g0 T( i; D9 j% f. f7 FCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures. k$ w' H# N6 o+ c$ W
( q$ N9 H4 t% ~6 [9 y5 `
118. Hartal U. o+ K# J5 n
+ W3 D6 h+ i' h) }# } 119. Economic shutdown- b- d. H; E' R7 V( f7 V: F7 g+ B
4 T4 n2 o9 [& P) w( [6 B1 L 2 b" z( }2 e) b q: q
. u+ \" b4 M6 d% {7 }) zTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
: C0 c3 c2 T7 M; b' N3 d, l" H3 d+ L" _5 `
* Y4 M1 s/ [7 _* w6 I% X" d
Rejection of Authority
5 H# i, J' W! V' S$ L 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) }6 n- s0 q& i
121. Refusal of public support
" L( o# ?8 h) |7 |; I. h, p 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 y# ]% \0 I7 w
+ O4 D, X' x1 R( x$ K) a# |Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! L: I2 C H) ^) T
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 a* A+ q; ~2 Q7 V 124. Boycott of elections. H' ?1 U/ G6 l; V8 u
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 ]6 y8 s3 A3 S/ @5 ? 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 c6 R3 t9 T @8 W: N9 h' N 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, z) `" _6 K* ?6 y' q- H" x9 X, o 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: G8 X1 T$ z0 @ N6 { 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# r: X: V$ `/ a. R% g
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 N# F) d9 H6 ? K( e- I
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
K6 y, C9 [+ c1 y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; `. G& g) H4 y0 A
3 i( e8 k6 ]9 [% B+ j! b+ B' R& A9 oCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 C. N/ }' n1 e* \/ u+ O
133. Reluctant and slow compliance: f: R" L( o' m u" s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision L1 L: J" w1 q* ~( q
135. Popular nonobedience
4 c/ O" F% }2 ^ O 136. Disguised disobedience
2 u# P9 J0 W+ G7 N& a' W 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 |& v0 U8 X; | 138. Sitdown8 G- N& ] a n) h4 { h
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 C( U( } m Q( s 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 k; s2 O4 n0 F, v _6 a
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws0 B: ]! c0 L8 C& o y1 m2 i3 I G
. p* D: L5 b$ @" T$ N" gAction by Government Personnel" Z7 n. q0 \2 \8 ]" F, c
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 N- V: j, v. Z N 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 m2 h$ J; X! _' w% w5 T8 z 144. Stalling and obstruction% x U6 Z" D; A! L+ |
145. General administrative noncooperation3 s: [9 A% v" U* o
4 j1 Y+ x) }' C0 J) l 146. Judicial noncooperation
- c+ h0 _. I2 d( H- V/ S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& I' S& A. C1 K5 e9 B
148. Mutiny
$ ?) ]' `+ `$ t8 r* O& MDomestic Governmental Action
& ^6 |+ Z- K+ E! M1 ?# H- t 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! w' X( y3 c2 S( w) g* ?7 v 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- W3 l2 U# r) G d
1 v- U$ N- g u: U% r; d& dInternational Governmental Action* o) ] l% R r7 k1 M2 p& u% [
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 X3 K' C: }6 ?& p4 \; e* j
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: Z& @: N% ]+ ~ ]2 Z
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# V5 j& L' t* O! X6 g! P8 R 154. Severance of diplomatic relations {, E4 s, @% p1 Q2 ]
155. Withdrawal from international organizations' D8 [5 H$ q x1 N! ~; X
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; `. g% ^1 o, \# E3 f; T
157. Expulsion from international organizations. p1 y( J* g6 f
0 A8 ~4 X# ^& C K- K9 c) E
- Z4 |5 ~3 f" z% J9 b
, D, G+ f Y$ s( YTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! e% N( y3 @' f& m" G" {
3 P' [5 N+ d* e, v; m6 Z% i
9 l- n* z$ _1 h0 S) R- a
Psychological Intervention( ^2 O1 U+ U4 q7 g
158. Self-exposure to the elements0 A- M. a) U+ M9 g6 {/ E4 |$ p
159. The fast! y6 E* N7 k& ]. s9 J
a) Fast of moral pressure
9 s3 i6 E7 J( c& y$ \ b) Hunger strike# o0 D/ C8 y* v( {5 d: p8 e7 w( I, Z5 a! V
c) Satyagrahic fast
8 ?& [' V& l, i$ }( E 160. Reverse trial
& d9 q1 O; e3 z- I 161. Nonviolent harassment
/ o8 n3 Z. J* h" e! _' a# D* H/ \/ j% t) }; c g2 l
Physical Intervention% [% o. \* A4 Y$ Y; t/ t8 C% Y/ @
162. Sit-in
+ |9 p2 e1 t7 b! i! V) f: ]4 H 163. Stand-in$ D" q. b. R1 r/ s" d
164. Ride-in* y8 E+ M, j1 i: s5 v
165. Wade-in7 h$ w, x' s9 J
166. Mill-in
, s9 T( T, {* O' W/ w 167. Pray-in
: J' I9 k7 _7 e. H 168. Nonviolent raids: h6 R+ Y2 D# ~- }: Z6 L) H
169. Nonviolent air raids' O( f Z" s8 W. a8 s% s
170. Nonviolent invasion# B j3 l+ r8 R9 t1 `) s2 T" k
171. Nonviolent interjection8 B1 g% D& N# P O$ N! P2 b
172. Nonviolent obstruction
* y! `7 ?! p! \2 P0 W2 R 173. Nonviolent occupation3 H7 a2 u( j; _. l. E, t5 I
7 X: g* u: H0 }2 m
Social Intervention& U( Y+ z+ K$ X8 |* Z
174. Establishing new social patterns
% V Y& P' p C3 B" m+ c# ? 175. Overloading of facilities/ l9 C8 o9 V* e4 j
176. Stall-in
) E: ?. {& [4 @! B2 a5 r 177. Speak-in
' e0 P/ k" U9 ^- J, C$ L8 W+ p: r 178. Guerrilla theater
7 C, L; O: S- M H" P8 t 179. Alternative social institutions1 W M& E2 K* G( {
180. Alternative communication system4 @# _6 K4 _; a3 `
8 L) z0 ~& l8 ?! j1 w
Economic Intervention2 g' G" F; t$ Q; J+ i/ X& t+ U
181. Reverse strike
6 a0 z, Z3 B' ?+ ^4 {6 i 182. Stay-in strike
+ j$ P6 W* i5 Y9 y: K2 p# I3 {1 M 183. Nonviolent land seizure
: Z/ K' L( I t* Y+ y& T6 P 184. Defiance of blockades
4 [: D& H2 [2 U7 ~5 n. J6 b2 N0 W 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- \9 \ X+ L+ O) @& H( f
186. Preclusive purchasing L' n% g4 l6 M$ p% H7 e
187. Seizure of assets
0 t4 y: h% f) F 188. Dumping/ M) G( Z) G- f3 P- Z7 n
189. Selective patronage2 `' B& W4 S3 _/ Y, |, Y
190. Alternative markets
# |' W5 x3 t: p' c4 r1 G 191. Alternative transportation systems8 C4 l( V9 s' m0 M1 W9 n7 J' P
192. Alternative economic institutions
' \* @. \0 t& B) y! S/ x0 c4 S$ n! a$ h5 C. [, g V8 @
Political Intervention
0 g% `4 F$ d0 ^% }4 k9 m 193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 o J( R& B- B 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
q* @8 _: u l. h U# ^ 195. Seeking imprisonment" I3 X, y2 |& ]! Z, q# U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 o( ?, P+ u. |( E( V& B& H! |% N
197. Work-on without collaboration: H7 b1 I2 n) _' T% D
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' c( z d; h7 z3 k; c
1 A, o: r" z; ?0 ]% x( E i; S |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
