 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. B* k a; f+ d6 W. ~
Formal Statements. S# A* I8 p" \. i
1. Public Speeches) @" ]9 H& I3 i% v
2. Letters of opposition or support
9 y5 w# n a9 S/ L! X$ B 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 r* \3 X' c5 _/ q 4. Signed public statements! ?7 |: S1 F. s1 h1 m/ q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ h8 g- E F& [9 B l0 d
6. Group or mass petitions) E: x% n* e0 ~: O6 T" g' F5 F
, g/ s: p2 Y7 f$ G9 G9 u
Communications with a Wider Audience
4 C9 V5 O1 c) Q0 B# n 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* `8 I( L- ~8 [8 b+ ~4 j
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% }1 q8 I8 F* H, N
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# `9 e8 K1 `) M5 h 10. Newspapers and journals
( X% q `# _+ g 11. Records, radio, and television& e2 f$ ^* z, B- X
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
, L+ y! S. X- ~& E/ H6 G
/ ^4 O! b: ]) j N2 V0 p5 B+ V2 q3 aGroup Representations# `5 x' e* z, d& g( B8 o; f
13. Deputations" A! H) b; q- n$ F
14. Mock awards
|) U1 q2 y! t# F ^3 l# j 15. Group lobbying
1 a S% b( y! [: C 16. Picketing2 ?2 g+ ] w/ g
17. Mock elections
2 ] [% ]! A3 E. z
7 z5 q% U. `( [; X6 w# Z0 a5 ZSymbolic Public Acts
5 `# J+ |4 q: A- n8 { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' N5 k" s& ^' e/ s2 I% u3 m 19. Wearing of symbols$ T9 H9 e. X0 o4 U4 m
20. Prayer and worship! P; U# J: G0 K* S. k
21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 E' C- t1 G2 [. A, y$ V ? 22. Protest disrobings
# @( {* b J- ?, m" U( G( ?7 o 23. Destruction of own property
. F/ H2 i; X6 n8 t# p- h2 M6 T9 E+ U 24. Symbolic lights) O" w! @$ s# F; _; {+ C
25. Displays of portraits
: b" ^ V" b. o- l! | 26. Paint as protest" I) k6 y) q4 c& Q1 B* y9 X$ m! A
27. New signs and names
" J8 U: p4 |0 d7 T* a9 a6 n7 W 28. Symbolic sounds: B$ C) \5 S: N) i+ K
29. Symbolic reclamations
% v$ u& L3 x, l" b! C 30. Rude gestures8 I) E. e$ y& _. |( O& ~6 E
+ `3 i7 A( N# A4 `; B) m
Pressures on Individuals) D+ R9 x% W# y
31. “Haunting” officials
; {: ^ T. x3 Y 32. Taunting officials9 Z R0 p8 D) v; L0 d' v$ ^
33. Fraternization% ]7 ]7 l( Y' W. a) Z* q
34. Vigils; w. J+ B' M, N) {+ T
% ]8 |1 o7 ^9 m2 f4 I. \- U2 FDrama and Music" ]8 x+ }7 Y0 U% a. O. ~
35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 q) P3 V, Q( ?3 ?2 q7 F+ P 36. Performances of plays and music/ l! t" t/ D; M7 f+ u5 ]
37. Singing
. q1 O2 S( y* |# H. e v6 U
% |0 l ~* a/ u8 x7 g2 }Processions5 k5 C3 h) m" G$ r9 [
38. Marches& K8 F3 N( h+ A' \' q: f
39. Parades0 c' Q* W$ e6 O4 `# K) }
40. Religious processions2 p8 R2 w/ k& T) Z
41. Pilgrimages$ T# ?7 F* H8 C: T/ K) T% `" M2 p
42. Motorcades. n! O, j+ i7 A, u. D
0 ]# e. u6 N2 d( B' a
Honoring the Dead
: I$ r# Y* a* G6 e& {/ r9 ? 43. Political mourning4 d! U1 c+ N# _# F
44. Mock funerals" K( }$ I: y( U8 h+ F8 Z; @: \
45. Demonstrative funerals
4 O2 ?! L2 o( n9 R5 a% i 46. Homage at burial places
# h0 u8 X: v0 }* U/ |2 T$ e" N/ _& b2 z3 a5 y
Public Assemblies
" K- p! j( K" y1 { 47. Assemblies of protest or support) h* r/ r+ D2 _4 A- x0 a3 Z- a
48. Protest meetings. M# F5 A- R$ u# P# [ E( r: i
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) p$ w$ M# @ F+ ~; F$ u* N( Q
50. Teach-ins
/ H* i ?" ~2 {" l3 Y! ^: |+ O
+ h& t# r! D; r3 BWithdrawal and Renunciation- r J4 P" |' A4 Q* S+ s
51. Walk-outs, {' j/ P5 z, \ ]# W
52. Silence; |5 }3 E0 r6 u) J+ u$ z
53. Renouncing honors: T j U0 ~0 B- _" a
54. Turning one’s back) G. M# ]1 \. n
2 {- ^% @1 K# R6 v * K* {& w) y7 O5 u
0 j: Y* h Z8 L: ?8 [. WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 x, S6 A! s8 h- y: r7 ~* O' f
; W& w- f {, D: T: V F; wOstracism of Persons
+ d4 }; D# I' y" M& i# x- h, A3 i 55. Social boycott- {; r; q4 {- D
56. Selective social boycott& O2 K7 N; i; @8 P5 `2 O
57. Lysistratic nonaction& w' A( V1 I) M5 G/ L/ ~
58. Excommunication
) F9 B9 b/ c6 | {3 E7 D 59. Interdict6 i2 R! M1 n, N- S
3 F' @( }2 q' d- Z T
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 F5 W/ R2 Z0 f+ [ B 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
1 I8 h$ T+ P0 U! w# g 61. Boycott of social affairs
# |; n; v% @% U, M% _% M) _9 k 62. Student strike' \" P, \( k$ t
63. Social disobedience
: O/ @/ P d" n o4 [8 v7 W 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ n# T5 q$ @ H! w1 P
$ ^+ V. p0 j; ^& n% r1 Z% qWithdrawal from the Social System
1 V, P Y! s. ^# | 65. Stay-at-home
2 b# P& I6 J& b! w+ v 66. Total personal noncooperation R" ~) Z+ w. Q! P
67. “Flight” of workers, c8 x3 v+ N! X0 ?! Q$ B' K( j! |
68. Sanctuary r, ?' `& T3 F& g2 Y+ y
69. Collective disappearance. s0 Q" w. z$ v8 T- T$ P
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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, x0 k0 \6 u2 d1 w/ FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ ^( t0 D$ K* v: k: x8 e
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3 r* O x8 @# D# E
Actions by Consumers2 K3 z0 s/ C) E6 K' W) A
71. Consumers’ boycott
' [% e9 j0 Z0 k( c; G 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( d6 ~8 c& d. e$ O! v
73. Policy of austerity3 y, `$ h' V5 j" \2 Z
74. Rent withholding
5 ]0 V: Q& \+ P B$ Z7 ~/ a 75. Refusal to rent3 U9 A. X) y6 z) {
76. National consumers’ boycott
& `2 k* }, c7 V& r$ n7 L3 z: b 77. International consumers’ boycott
% K0 x1 Q8 i" U" L$ d9 r* }9 D; Q d
Action by Workers and Producers
2 d* F" f) U, B0 Y" x9 x# e 78. Workmen’s boycott3 q7 k/ R9 _' S2 m
79. Producers’ boycott
4 f# c5 ?0 Z, ~$ ]. g' t" d3 N& J6 s, p
$ |, G t% {$ f) o# LAction by Middlemen
9 {7 ^ N% s9 x( P 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ i5 ~8 V6 }' `2 `# u6 F
+ B; R; r' j1 v9 \' d, E( SAction by Owners and Management
6 a$ n L& s; ~6 S 81. Traders’ boycott5 i/ y$ p/ r8 S* p; S
82. Refusal to let or sell property
- k9 D3 z4 ]7 Z 83. Lockout( G# t6 ]; f6 Z6 a/ |4 {
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
6 k0 K$ g1 y6 f. {9 \ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 r6 ?: P d+ d$ k! D) a* R# Q
- z. k5 r- i4 g) W& v% kAction by Holders of Financial Resources& s" a U6 H5 a
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" N/ [4 W8 Y, C9 l1 u( d/ c 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ Y4 p x, l) X0 O9 P& c 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# c7 h0 u8 ?7 |! P 89. Severance of funds and credit
7 j- j4 V3 d" {4 S9 ?! ?; f 90. Revenue refusal7 ?9 M9 n+ c( c6 i
91. Refusal of a government’s money5 u w0 t# Z1 ?2 ~4 H3 y
: l0 w3 y2 E/ M& g$ `Action by Governments/ G# z" c9 }) S6 N# y9 R2 x; e
92. Domestic embargo4 T3 ?" B4 p: h% t+ S* X
93. Blacklisting of traders2 f9 p7 U, ~) |# g9 |
94. International sellers’ embargo
/ P# t1 F3 z6 x, q: D& h/ ~ 95. International buyers’ embargo0 J, s0 f7 y3 s4 j2 |8 d) e
96. International trade embargo
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' _' A4 \4 t; Y# b7 ?& U0 qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 ?" _: |8 L' r# p
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8 d( e% `; }) O& H' C! D- _Symbolic Strikes
. `$ Y3 M+ E( I 97. Protest strike. t9 {+ I; b+ _; H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" f8 ]1 l9 R: B8 v
: T8 Q- [7 I- P5 V- i% @Agricultural Strikes
! m+ `$ `3 |7 S4 g 99. Peasant strike
! o- m2 T$ d5 J0 n% x% v$ r+ | 100. Farm Workers’ strike2 N H5 l7 D2 r
: N# J9 P. g. O* hStrikes by Special Groups
. [$ G1 W, @9 i( {: f# x2 T8 e 101. Refusal of impressed labor$ W4 a& |5 V' B
102. Prisoners’ strike
$ a5 w* V7 q! y; H/ E! t6 d 103. Craft strike
6 S* n9 V* Z; }( z/ ?$ P9 F0 Y3 d. V7 C 104. Professional strike
% y- z5 n$ L/ y6 O# Z" R+ I" I2 Q; _8 g# Y5 K
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. X2 I3 ]" f4 V4 r) l# m 105. Establishment strike
, O+ G& x" w5 V1 r: M6 F 106. Industry strike! [- ?: R1 k( F: p$ E
107. Sympathetic strike7 @* D8 O( q2 ~7 H1 t
: c' y0 E7 Y. o- v: g: K! TRestricted Strikes
1 `/ l' R# H' v- Z H/ H 108. Detailed strike) i8 r. H# v; Z1 g8 q
109. Bumper strike* x9 H8 n6 h P, c$ `! E/ y
110. Slowdown strike
5 C/ D/ D6 K, I 111. Working-to-rule strike2 r4 w# b; I/ X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 P) n% L' e" s& A6 ^
113. Strike by resignation9 [% E3 I N! n1 o+ [
114. Limited strike7 [% E8 }/ ~" s! \' k+ ]* r' Z
115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
( e+ c9 n% H6 p+ ]& l9 \+ D" u) g- ]5 v0 c/ |9 ]5 I( |
116. Generalized strike7 x6 Y1 t( g' P$ n; _4 {
0 k, A; j/ [+ w7 D% H( X
117. General strike
$ t9 Q) t# _1 S9 O
/ B w$ V8 l, d/ y9 UCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 E- V- e6 F# S! S" R7 s: A" P R& K7 y7 }
118. Hartal8 w, d" J! y. F/ @
! `7 J( B3 r4 ]1 w& |
119. Economic shutdown R7 c7 l8 f0 P. B3 Q& {; V
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 }$ s# R6 [) L: ~; m, e
- H+ X$ {2 w @- n* n% [; V/ aRejection of Authority
3 x4 S: T3 K7 e9 {$ m) a 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% _" s' t4 U$ v X
121. Refusal of public support# ~- j& C+ i* I( E1 G% X6 L4 z7 y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 h) n) a ?( f% X. ?! k5 p/ ]/ x) Q0 ^/ { y: [1 F
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 |, E" d* W7 G+ ]9 v, r; h
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& O, l0 k- J! W- ~# z; f% Q' v
124. Boycott of elections7 V8 p& j5 O# S! A; z+ e, C* n" C0 n
125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ | w0 R, G* m+ Q; x
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 z/ j1 q4 B$ Q" X0 U: [% }/ P5 q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# P% ?7 m4 Q6 b% a- c+ X 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 H4 N( M3 |- k. p3 y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" M O8 _8 s; n6 W0 Z: S- N
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; o7 R- G5 ^( \& _/ ?% c+ T 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ p1 U; F- P+ k: G" e
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ l# J9 H# |; @% n; w' m# \3 X. K6 c8 {; J5 x& i1 F8 t! v: x3 H' ^1 Q
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 B) N+ a. ]9 q9 F+ u( [6 p* F 133. Reluctant and slow compliance% q9 z2 k9 o. f3 U! d, Q" G, G, m+ v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 n1 H5 F4 \& R" T
135. Popular nonobedience4 A# ~2 d3 A" ^! u, G
136. Disguised disobedience" p q9 v* q2 M) w5 D1 O% g
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 }5 n! d% q* Y3 _ 138. Sitdown
5 d, |/ Q6 A6 L' l 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& ~# c1 l" g1 y( O- l5 o9 ?
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 ^# c& Z" \3 P5 T
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) g& R3 w9 Y3 o' D
; F% k1 k! s% T8 f! T: pAction by Government Personnel/ d! `8 v+ G7 ?5 |
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. e2 e6 k% F: r7 j" ?8 C
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# `' N3 w2 r6 a% i6 M' d, G8 k3 N
144. Stalling and obstruction
: O4 l! _# r2 Q& m6 H, w 145. General administrative noncooperation
4 a! S7 N8 @& G
% P1 v2 ?: K# O. f$ v0 M 146. Judicial noncooperation
0 X$ ^. c! f% s6 n$ x2 G% S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" `# q+ @5 v# | W/ [8 q+ g 148. Mutiny
% `6 k3 R. o( O7 R+ C0 nDomestic Governmental Action
1 y3 C: H* c4 g: u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 ?0 K; P. u- h* t: I, F
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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! d" b; ?/ E0 q, k* e- V+ tInternational Governmental Action
; F! V q' p+ \8 F8 W7 n 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 {2 w! c; ~: r8 Z0 @ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 a3 P i& N5 }; l3 I- [ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) N& S% C' }5 [) R ~! ~ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! G( x6 ~+ I1 _ s% ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations* ], t% p; L; [: c8 @- x
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ f6 v( s) H2 D& E# b 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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" R5 Z4 W, ? x" H# E$ x2 f
Psychological Intervention8 L2 y6 s. z: y7 I
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 A+ R3 k# F+ u 159. The fast
6 i9 `3 R7 X9 \6 S+ u: t% U a) Fast of moral pressure! v; X5 r8 M- h" U$ g; e
b) Hunger strike3 @4 N: b f) g+ z" _6 y2 x, _
c) Satyagrahic fast
' W; E8 j$ l$ x, Q9 `; I; p: e 160. Reverse trial5 y, C2 j" G" o3 {+ I5 t5 l$ X3 e
161. Nonviolent harassment- }- ^, c2 a7 H( x* c
. \1 ]$ z8 A1 q0 \& l! j9 WPhysical Intervention% i+ ]1 J/ X |1 Y0 U
162. Sit-in
& b1 l( Z X2 v# O4 G5 ~ 163. Stand-in
- H. T: m, K* M; y% e% u 164. Ride-in% M1 X. y1 W7 i: ^# G; b
165. Wade-in9 U2 R2 A7 B' X6 W* V) R8 J
166. Mill-in; D/ }: F' E' D, t
167. Pray-in
" w, @* u4 f; {" C8 F0 f' u @ 168. Nonviolent raids
, U: R1 u- C) d; b9 j% X5 w' c+ b* K 169. Nonviolent air raids2 x7 C7 D! a; G, s% D5 O
170. Nonviolent invasion M0 m& I9 K( [! R9 D
171. Nonviolent interjection- v |; X6 n' }" q; r, r3 ?; g
172. Nonviolent obstruction
# A- O. x1 v! n% c- S0 } 173. Nonviolent occupation
' L+ y1 n# I8 y/ e% A( M- Q& K& x" E; X- b m& \9 k+ i
Social Intervention' K! n6 J# s! n
174. Establishing new social patterns& h+ q/ s; d5 [0 g) V
175. Overloading of facilities
7 L& z5 X |% x9 y! g 176. Stall-in# k8 ?; q7 N5 z# V. G- D
177. Speak-in
3 I7 u$ o( R2 {7 I 178. Guerrilla theater
$ V6 D6 f+ k9 w+ G _5 j 179. Alternative social institutions
7 f" g( L" w2 z- H+ v7 ]! K8 Y, s 180. Alternative communication system
$ \6 I+ j/ B0 j$ c% i
0 f, h+ ^, s8 Z" jEconomic Intervention- j! }( J' P8 z7 F8 k
181. Reverse strike
1 E; I% o. \1 T5 C9 F4 V 182. Stay-in strike
* m4 Z5 f4 o* ^4 C 183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ N0 K" t" L6 T+ I* B' F. [' ~ 184. Defiance of blockades
' y r2 ^% r) X( V- Q 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ G& a7 B8 V1 {- G' \: i5 x& z' Y
186. Preclusive purchasing
' y5 D; @. D5 P- w6 \ 187. Seizure of assets$ x; m$ {% z/ \; o6 W# l5 g
188. Dumping, G4 G$ {, Y1 J6 u i0 x( @
189. Selective patronage4 o3 |8 _) `* L3 d {5 {
190. Alternative markets
* u% x- `' ?$ l: w: Z 191. Alternative transportation systems
( i% U( d# a$ i5 E/ u 192. Alternative economic institutions1 H) z/ r! ?$ n5 J9 Q' i9 P
- {/ n& E' Z% i5 f" Q. ]- @Political Intervention
9 c! E5 @( `$ r2 k/ \1 E5 J 193. Overloading of administrative systems- e; r, K2 B0 u& h, b
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, r. J; f" w9 F4 u 195. Seeking imprisonment
6 {+ r# N* Z& s' B 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 n1 m/ t9 M7 Z- A/ R 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 \, z1 W9 W7 l8 I2 ]* K 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
