 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
2 \) _5 s3 o( Z- n7 J' h( PFormal Statements S. ~0 Q0 D% B6 Y6 w+ W; w5 E8 f
1. Public Speeches" g0 i% g$ ^ Z
2. Letters of opposition or support8 N0 U! A H5 T! o6 t6 ^" X
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" g/ P5 e6 n3 P 4. Signed public statements
; ?- |8 D$ w6 `7 [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ `7 m6 i% s, ]$ @) L
6. Group or mass petitions" b1 q5 L1 y* O( X
* c) v" H8 W, j. VCommunications with a Wider Audience
) v, R l& n2 `. R 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
( e6 U! m2 e; a; d0 ?" f* \/ v7 m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications }3 n: n: B3 [! m! q* Q& a$ E
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 K' j8 V, _! j, W
10. Newspapers and journals
' R" C- n9 m* V: l% E( b8 w 11. Records, radio, and television5 Y, n& o/ K; f0 a1 k, m
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- g( ^! @' l* A. M7 A W( i; Z& }2 L4 Y+ |( w
Group Representations
+ K( ^) l( z2 } P 13. Deputations" }/ F i; U3 u. t8 K v
14. Mock awards
, `+ O i( m$ E+ X# i 15. Group lobbying
6 i5 P7 g; E: F 16. Picketing
' r" S+ N/ T3 u 17. Mock elections
9 d# e) Y" N: R; K+ a7 G( R9 T; _) x0 D
Symbolic Public Acts
5 g$ r! ]& T O 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% x1 [) `1 d: u' m ]
19. Wearing of symbols, I+ _$ I D8 m2 T6 h9 C9 Z/ O
20. Prayer and worship. f, Q" V5 s- v# s0 R
21. Delivering symbolic objects& ~6 W u3 ~+ ], `, t. w j% N2 k
22. Protest disrobings* Z# `( n) K) C+ j6 @6 [9 V
23. Destruction of own property
( V D. o/ W$ l+ b* U, ~/ a 24. Symbolic lights" k/ z0 @& h, o! U. c7 w8 `/ {% Z9 r& u
25. Displays of portraits
) t1 \' a) L. v4 @; w 26. Paint as protest
: a8 P0 J# A( k( M. H 27. New signs and names+ g+ }2 e1 v- f9 |
28. Symbolic sounds
: m" F3 z1 H+ I, o 29. Symbolic reclamations" k' k- }* Q9 n$ K
30. Rude gestures# T; u4 C# ^8 p7 E0 }9 g
6 c1 \7 ]% \" h) L* J2 ]Pressures on Individuals) T, w% O$ S( k
31. “Haunting” officials2 J, G0 t, j! P* @( w/ u
32. Taunting officials
! b" D1 T* B$ R, C8 Y2 y8 ~! T 33. Fraternization
% j$ e/ }- Z5 k 34. Vigils
" E, Z; {3 f. j% R, p. `4 a: v6 ` M0 `
Drama and Music' a8 ?3 F8 Y/ k
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ U7 n2 e; F7 ~ f
36. Performances of plays and music
$ C- p; \7 ^4 `5 p3 I$ u* U 37. Singing0 V6 G' _: D: _1 N9 Y) g/ X2 q- ~4 [
: c, f/ i9 f! j2 h
Processions
6 i7 }* f5 g9 V( x 38. Marches
$ o1 o& M5 c- E! z5 D r, }4 p 39. Parades& i+ ]7 G5 R* h
40. Religious processions+ y; }. W, O7 [$ M
41. Pilgrimages: t/ W4 I* S K. m4 \$ t# }8 |$ e9 |
42. Motorcades8 O0 f, t3 U4 c" n" t
1 j+ }9 ^) {( A
Honoring the Dead$ X8 z/ F$ ]* Q5 `/ ?5 k7 s
43. Political mourning
1 c% ^; Q; }/ W& ~( F6 n9 d, \ 44. Mock funerals' V; ~8 F5 q6 d' S/ Y7 I& K9 c
45. Demonstrative funerals+ N/ n& s. z0 r# v$ I
46. Homage at burial places
$ A9 y. V( G' o1 z
3 r( S+ y6 d# ]! t" M2 APublic Assemblies
" ?8 U1 |/ e% E' a: B; n4 d 47. Assemblies of protest or support
" Q$ H. f5 F( S( L0 b 48. Protest meetings8 d" F) V& t& E1 |+ w% ?
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ n# O d% E4 T 50. Teach-ins* F) `& B# m" V$ c$ R; _
& Y1 Q$ ~. t' v# c8 b- C
Withdrawal and Renunciation
7 X! ]' [. `0 }8 R8 x 51. Walk-outs3 i; Z( S/ P( M6 F; R9 m" l: ~: q
52. Silence! b; h, Y. X" L6 A4 g4 Q) _
53. Renouncing honors
. Q2 @* B- k* y: Q! y0 H1 U 54. Turning one’s back
! @3 w" X9 _8 }4 A, y. O9 }; x3 _: U
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. M5 e) D" m! E9 ZTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 h% I- h8 \2 Q
7 I4 P3 H0 p2 h" n7 F3 T
# Y' I. r( w1 {# D- m7 o( O% i/ L
n3 e4 N; K MOstracism of Persons
8 Y) Q' I9 q! [/ N$ A 55. Social boycott
' Y- F, i& I# n8 o8 ]. y- }' V 56. Selective social boycott3 p7 ^8 V% g& [) Z/ o9 |9 R% h4 q
57. Lysistratic nonaction" G0 c1 i0 z `) E$ e
58. Excommunication
9 `/ q0 l6 P# K, q5 f- k& y; | 59. Interdict& n: }2 j `! o: `9 \7 l
' _ y6 z. [. V* B( w) ENoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. A5 C5 h$ q, x
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ t+ F9 A8 Z$ h1 A 61. Boycott of social affairs/ ]. O. x2 P# v, o3 Y1 T2 T
62. Student strike
; v% s( a" X+ z1 s* B1 ]. h 63. Social disobedience2 G; ]) b C& G g" y; U8 Z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& P2 F1 H" M7 Y+ H
' H$ R1 ~0 Q& {$ D) CWithdrawal from the Social System
1 {' o) E) i' _) I2 J 65. Stay-at-home
: M0 F7 e/ P' i! u5 ~ 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ d0 Z2 s- T; k) o 67. “Flight” of workers w. V' L" P/ g8 V% d5 A" a3 T' j
68. Sanctuary
$ [6 D2 ~8 _1 A; j8 p, o 69. Collective disappearance
+ \- U% h: _) G0 I" i2 R3 o 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 b; E: a: r) M1 b% `) W9 _9 u
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$ g* v- y: K( t/ V+ qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 ]) u* T2 Q8 G: w6 ~
5 I9 n+ T/ ~* J2 s _( `
3 s' F! ?8 q2 ]' K$ ]Actions by Consumers
' c. Q0 m3 O5 {, Q4 q& k6 S 71. Consumers’ boycott. F1 D/ w" K* l3 E6 F: t1 J' s
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 T- w: q6 Z. u( z l" n! \8 o% e 73. Policy of austerity
$ S; V" {' J4 p6 Z6 u$ L, L 74. Rent withholding m3 R) X% Y5 R$ V
75. Refusal to rent* I; z0 O& s, }) W$ x) M
76. National consumers’ boycott8 |! A7 b; W3 l. H; I" h
77. International consumers’ boycott, h2 M3 j& L$ @8 I, ]
$ b9 G/ a" o, L1 C1 b
Action by Workers and Producers
- ^: W! @, o3 q 78. Workmen’s boycott, U0 w2 V3 x8 ?5 z5 S# Q
79. Producers’ boycott0 I, Z( g# U9 D7 r$ H/ h. @1 C
0 }- i* G* d( Y [6 m+ cAction by Middlemen
9 j8 ]1 m0 O9 _- S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 @5 `- I, y4 R' T/ U/ t
$ X7 k0 z& p& r' W8 Z
Action by Owners and Management1 m) g- P- k( P: f! ]4 N
81. Traders’ boycott8 _! ~9 x* g3 W0 c
82. Refusal to let or sell property
* O4 b0 j' R. }) L5 t" h1 k 83. Lockout. s) h9 z7 o6 {
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! i) z( J; ^6 C+ i. I
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! z7 n5 u" d7 R- r& ~
# Z, u g5 i# f f" v8 cAction by Holders of Financial Resources
' s2 ~. j/ C1 s 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( O% o4 [) S' x( ~+ B2 m 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ N* t- k: Q5 C8 T" g2 Y
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 f2 J% f& I$ b( J% b 89. Severance of funds and credit" v" P$ a* c, C2 y8 W' M7 Z
90. Revenue refusal' }, x' u3 s* P9 S
91. Refusal of a government’s money2 p) N/ H: k; M q R
6 }2 { s) k9 C8 F6 c9 n
Action by Governments
I& t, j% z( p+ s8 u2 S 92. Domestic embargo
2 w+ ~# r. F1 U* Y/ P, V9 k( [. y 93. Blacklisting of traders) L* D* N' F" }. o
94. International sellers’ embargo
2 G8 ]9 W5 g9 |1 l 95. International buyers’ embargo1 o R! ]6 g. G
96. International trade embargo2 c5 {" c3 D: n) l' d
' [/ [- k# y+ q& o M' {! W6 n' j+ Q " u1 c: F- J* _
# v/ J7 V5 B1 q9 W, ^' T& c( I- ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! B K+ W/ g( \' [! S
( T2 v* l' f* n9 Y3 k: x ( `" @& u! h9 O6 X* a
Symbolic Strikes( h5 K7 Z, W, L2 j% b% c
97. Protest strike
8 W- f; a# D5 r: p+ u5 B 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- f; S1 J2 W9 G% u+ I% b2 C/ ~
9 V4 @4 f/ u8 s9 V4 h
Agricultural Strikes
+ V' I/ \+ A' {/ W' p7 W9 J 99. Peasant strike
7 F/ U8 D3 m) z( f( [ 100. Farm Workers’ strike, ~2 I' [) i |* M
3 f$ v, @7 o: C$ w9 o: @) q. U, w
Strikes by Special Groups
$ t9 F0 ~# \$ l2 ~ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
% n6 V3 ]' T) o- [- h! V 102. Prisoners’ strike. M8 J0 i9 D! f
103. Craft strike
, U4 Y7 {' d7 b' W 104. Professional strike
0 j$ s. c. d+ `. e- d4 h- M5 _) P6 y0 D, { Q1 G3 M( V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 t% Q O- W% t9 x5 n' D 105. Establishment strike0 n' X$ s# x T: o+ J2 k
106. Industry strike. U9 Y* T1 n- m
107. Sympathetic strike
T4 J4 w% h, F) q" N/ ?) S u7 K+ N
$ b3 {6 H8 U, Z% z- d* k1 K! URestricted Strikes D. s. Q0 v x3 Z. V1 K
108. Detailed strike
3 N- h0 e% Z$ \ 109. Bumper strike
/ W8 H7 v2 z% O% x 110. Slowdown strike
" h4 C8 }1 p8 M3 f! R 111. Working-to-rule strike
: G \ B5 d" s ~) q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ g4 u, S C& K. O1 s2 E& q( t' _6 {
113. Strike by resignation' X* P% G5 z$ d2 m: m, A) [
114. Limited strike
& A/ X# A+ `4 ~2 s% E I5 t" U [ 115. Selective strike
: Z. S8 m+ ?+ T# f! q8 S6 M3 g! A; N* j/ x
Multi-Industry Strikes
* }8 ^2 P1 q8 W- H
- C5 x; T. i8 x1 D* q 116. Generalized strike
# N0 [% H j$ v$ e# S' y
" h! j" x1 G# J# e4 V B9 t 117. General strike
& c3 E$ _( D& v: @' U
; w* x& f+ d3 w0 J8 C. X3 Q1 S$ ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 g# n6 O0 k& h& R8 ]$ S2 ^2 S
$ V* j5 P% z. m/ N
118. Hartal0 Q/ g9 ? h# S% }. \3 |6 p, J
+ \: ~, e6 W0 ]+ ]: l6 [5 P" x 119. Economic shutdown6 a' \; L2 J6 v+ G g9 j+ E. T% G# N
9 Z5 |3 M+ s6 d' i# y/ W
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: E: q9 B4 E8 y2 V- zTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 |# i h! x- mRejection of Authority
6 ]/ q/ c7 P4 u- b/ z9 x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 y7 s* R) H# M# ^9 a
121. Refusal of public support
) ?( L0 u; ^3 C 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; e& F2 h! A. z
8 _& o1 q1 {" s2 g4 V
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government h, ]! P- J# G$ N& q& Z4 G9 L M, Q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ }* D/ G2 L$ p" h% E) S
124. Boycott of elections
& L: k3 @8 B3 P( ? 125. Boycott of government employment and positions, W# L9 z) \# D Y5 z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 `6 M& t4 j3 T5 @5 D' X. q6 C% S7 S
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, d2 f; w8 z% a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 u+ i6 X. k# e7 N! E, @+ A 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! @, x9 {" F( n8 U0 n
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 q) |* ^' F2 |
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 E. y- V. \6 f) n0 V- U0 f
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ e3 V7 p( Z0 O6 t: X
( r9 [6 Y4 f1 ?& S6 g, X6 P6 gCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: u, B; v- x' K; I& f/ s0 N 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" p; u' I# h k q6 a- X 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' U" n* S1 ?* m; G 135. Popular nonobedience
; J( B% d' k% P* V) d 136. Disguised disobedience
' p7 F; |* P# n9 { 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 n! r8 V9 m; r/ m! u& v# X7 M 138. Sitdown& p* W# V4 s; j' M
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# Z" _0 U. D: P2 D3 m3 c1 @* _* V 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 G/ a* _! b7 I" M( M2 Q: |! U 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* f2 J3 g+ w* T% T
' \. J2 P! r1 c% @ O$ I5 R0 i
Action by Government Personnel
! P& C9 }3 V7 b/ |' c$ q4 ` 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 N- o" E8 Y8 D' s& f5 Z4 _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 _2 Q& U4 u# ^: M
144. Stalling and obstruction; u9 x, n* v$ n+ W( R% I9 J4 A
145. General administrative noncooperation
5 v2 B* K7 H$ c4 z: w" G
2 ^! B" C0 O2 \) E5 e: [* a$ K; r 146. Judicial noncooperation
' E* J% S z% y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% w+ Z5 i: e0 x1 V1 o* ? 148. Mutiny% u9 x& D/ ^3 Q$ I& }. B2 `! W
Domestic Governmental Action
# G- c' ?6 ^: Z7 a) t" v 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 |7 u; h5 ^6 q% ^2 r N 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 t( j! }/ W9 j5 k! ]5 G
. T g! j4 P& @& w5 `International Governmental Action1 i% g7 ~5 ~# v: A8 m8 c: M
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ S* d* z& X, T3 I6 `% Y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% D! J4 _+ R) y1 Y
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ C0 y! s; q1 {2 g6 m0 L2 Y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 {0 R7 }6 t, w& E9 A$ R 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" Z8 G4 n) W2 m 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) @/ C8 U" a( m; c4 ^. i) W% u/ x
157. Expulsion from international organizations
( R' l( I: b; I
$ l. L5 B. [8 P: r S, S / z- I; s* B* O* \& o; p3 _# P
8 k+ w9 p; R! TTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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- [ g g% u0 g& m! p+ kPsychological Intervention
7 @2 h+ F1 Y5 q& a# F+ ~+ x 158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 {/ `/ B- |" ^0 l2 B5 [4 t# j 159. The fast9 j) H. s9 F8 S5 i* D0 ^
a) Fast of moral pressure
3 ]8 P0 t4 l1 ?6 N [7 h b) Hunger strike
) }3 ?: P8 _$ m0 n% v c) Satyagrahic fast
1 I- \, W3 z2 W5 w6 K 160. Reverse trial
/ a: d- X% t: ] 161. Nonviolent harassment
. F, z5 s+ j6 t( j* \" n* |
5 g- k4 M' @ g: ^3 W4 @; DPhysical Intervention7 q V4 C- r" @9 F9 P* v
162. Sit-in
# l2 c& D0 R' @ 163. Stand-in
/ ?0 f+ j7 Q% d: F( I* Q6 k 164. Ride-in
' A% j9 i+ @* r8 N* L$ c9 k 165. Wade-in, J/ Y. r$ ?( u) t. {& n
166. Mill-in
) ~! G% e: l1 `+ k 167. Pray-in
0 r/ c) W8 N/ [& C# `* k a 168. Nonviolent raids6 _. H/ @. [- L
169. Nonviolent air raids
2 }; W. L1 X" |0 c 170. Nonviolent invasion
# k5 T* `7 i1 \) _4 ]3 ~1 L& G 171. Nonviolent interjection/ a& h; i, T5 I) r" d9 J
172. Nonviolent obstruction% y5 z$ H* j: K4 M; E7 E4 W( Y' Z. A
173. Nonviolent occupation
! \# L, v: G) L; y/ N! R
( o [5 u5 ^4 q) b6 O. nSocial Intervention2 s! N1 X0 |8 k
174. Establishing new social patterns: X. d5 q- B" T) \
175. Overloading of facilities t* x }: {* W! I$ o. f
176. Stall-in2 v& \) h8 a" ^% R. i
177. Speak-in2 [3 A0 b1 A8 V2 j! l8 e1 S
178. Guerrilla theater5 {% t I l; k: H
179. Alternative social institutions
% I, e) ?7 E$ a: o& g: ` 180. Alternative communication system% a' X C; I7 B; n) D% `
% k* @% `$ f1 o7 @Economic Intervention
5 Z8 h, b' V) j! S6 O 181. Reverse strike
# F) w9 [# t. t' D7 f 182. Stay-in strike
9 O1 y* x- A( X( W" q' ]5 T2 [ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' ^% O$ L. |+ o 184. Defiance of blockades6 n- o- Y8 e& E2 x% ^0 l
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 u8 ?' d' {2 l9 Z
186. Preclusive purchasing
1 O2 p8 _& s/ \$ L4 P. ] 187. Seizure of assets# R9 f* H1 T6 \: B0 j4 S0 P4 r6 v
188. Dumping
! |/ x8 F: Z2 t, V9 T) N 189. Selective patronage9 ?8 |, k: \+ A
190. Alternative markets
. R2 I2 H `3 d; G 191. Alternative transportation systems/ M& @+ I; D q3 j
192. Alternative economic institutions6 b# a2 L3 I% B- e- r
: M. R# f% X' u# w/ m9 c
Political Intervention
$ {0 x0 {0 j' p0 D! N 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 H. L/ S& a1 b9 M V8 h8 e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 J9 w0 i9 f0 D5 M, x 195. Seeking imprisonment
8 I9 n$ g1 w$ P" o* w1 n; @3 u 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) V4 i. n5 P& y+ C) W2 c5 l# { 197. Work-on without collaboration2 ?. j3 O0 I: R! s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
7 @+ Q y$ U0 ?8 H8 j
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
