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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION d8 A( n8 c- j7 R
Formal Statements
" L- y; I- s9 ?& s7 S$ i( G 1. Public Speeches
/ `0 H. j$ w9 P* i0 p 2. Letters of opposition or support/ e! n0 o1 T3 Y6 B) b8 @ O, T
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 S0 H: C3 L* N% s# @' B 4. Signed public statements
3 j) t3 I& o5 A0 a 5. Declarations of indictment and intention' v f B+ b" a, x2 q! J0 J( `
6. Group or mass petitions# R0 I4 x) y& I3 C" o- c
, v7 w6 f# l- h4 |. w0 f
Communications with a Wider Audience; a9 @; r' m5 I' K z' @- L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# o3 {6 P1 `8 T& O j1 N
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 ^ i; }7 u( ^ T
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' l$ w6 i" n$ A" V* o; s
10. Newspapers and journals0 ?" A0 P. m' e2 S9 F
11. Records, radio, and television8 P. G! V) d$ H2 ?
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" P5 Q5 [/ K$ i {4 c' x
1 H8 C/ b! }# \+ ?; `1 g
Group Representations7 E7 c: f9 \+ h6 D# B9 l
13. Deputations1 _8 Y, x" N, G8 E4 s# i
14. Mock awards
- `* p; u9 i7 `2 w, g' M6 p N' h 15. Group lobbying
( R9 ~' G; X- M 16. Picketing$ n0 m; F2 ]+ H G v# ?8 Y
17. Mock elections
4 \/ X* G, F) Q- b- s3 P6 r) k( n. Z" i* M9 u- c
Symbolic Public Acts4 L: T( b' {0 \
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% g# X' A1 s, C3 p 19. Wearing of symbols
2 S& t) w6 y- G# ?# a$ P; r 20. Prayer and worship4 q! c# G& X- T" o( R! Y
21. Delivering symbolic objects* l4 y+ g+ F$ `
22. Protest disrobings
6 c. [2 v1 a8 M) x 23. Destruction of own property3 b& u0 _5 V- G2 z' A% e
24. Symbolic lights& u5 {* d9 }* @: M" X; x! X9 ^
25. Displays of portraits% o3 c- z4 N* d0 J- A4 ]% c
26. Paint as protest0 h: s9 ] x) _/ V) n
27. New signs and names
( K; v7 q" m, H& [ 28. Symbolic sounds8 ~5 y8 f% ^# A g
29. Symbolic reclamations# e0 l8 w* }: ^) N* \
30. Rude gestures
; V; D9 s- V! Y' Z/ u* _
4 c* Z9 m0 Z2 [ L7 ^% WPressures on Individuals
5 L* a8 g; j( t. @ 31. “Haunting” officials; r+ u1 N% X( ?# l1 c c
32. Taunting officials7 z6 W0 z! Z, C: q& _5 H# b
33. Fraternization
: ?, x! N% V: H 34. Vigils
, ]$ z$ y5 y; w1 k) E: |; F; J" x0 j8 U, @0 [$ r* W
Drama and Music
4 R. K( F8 e' [, r; ^7 T! v" B 35. Humorous skits and pranks% w5 X; t9 T6 q& \$ X1 e+ ^
36. Performances of plays and music
3 n2 s& j* Y: w 37. Singing7 p' _6 H% _! u6 p. H4 T
! X1 g! h( R' I" UProcessions
M1 Q: ~+ a2 X; X! P: w; ~! f 38. Marches
& q4 M' U$ ?1 w2 C: R 39. Parades1 h: E) K' \ u# B4 B
40. Religious processions: {7 T9 S m& H, w5 Q
41. Pilgrimages- e! b& _9 Q/ `$ ]" B/ \
42. Motorcades$ o h, @1 J/ A" t# b& V
1 b! @' r) o) `- ]; o, A& wHonoring the Dead
" \3 K( o7 D1 @7 G 43. Political mourning
' k, r' Z# a9 ~; H/ B+ N 44. Mock funerals v" X; V6 d& D) O5 j
45. Demonstrative funerals
9 Y0 c$ O# a: U. O 46. Homage at burial places
) `6 M, a6 t% f0 M2 a |* @- X7 s1 R
Public Assemblies
' I$ n3 e9 b* Y4 M) [ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 b* c7 J2 {; ~7 f5 p# C 48. Protest meetings
" L/ e9 X4 i7 Y; I( A( N 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 a! Z$ B# \! ~- X o4 M% H* r
50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation! n9 S; x# Q0 X6 m5 n9 M* H1 h
51. Walk-outs
% I. f9 U+ N4 P6 Q. p 52. Silence
; f' o: Z+ {9 O 53. Renouncing honors, ]$ J5 P% j2 _, {6 S8 B2 E% t7 A# ?
54. Turning one’s back
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3 u0 i" Z9 }' c/ u' q/ N0 {2 ~" J! |9 ^ I' S
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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( a% B" N2 @- h' M n3 d 2 v/ k. M# V, b, b
+ b5 [# Q( q/ L9 B% KOstracism of Persons
7 K. A+ W# J @) u- P ^0 b 55. Social boycott8 I0 v! q- {* a j
56. Selective social boycott: R0 V) Q& J* y- ^% L8 ~
57. Lysistratic nonaction. i- O4 @0 Y' b$ ?* o
58. Excommunication+ |+ g f7 G0 m% t$ n
59. Interdict
z* v0 I$ c# e4 l* P% _ v
- i6 }5 l" R4 L$ Z) r% O! lNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: \" o' i4 m& k* s' w& N2 \3 Y4 `/ ] 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' z* D) `6 N3 c
61. Boycott of social affairs
& q) E" L0 Y. X8 ~# \ 62. Student strike
; t( f5 F. }- d6 P: A1 _" l, x 63. Social disobedience
. w' z! c! F( l: s2 y 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( }- n4 I4 ` s& c
. p' }7 u$ d- G! O0 F8 |' MWithdrawal from the Social System% i4 Q6 z3 m- {
65. Stay-at-home
: C; G- t t& |& p& W& J6 t 66. Total personal noncooperation
% c5 V% t% T. B8 [9 ] 67. “Flight” of workers+ E+ r% |( R9 V, S5 @& B
68. Sanctuary
: t3 F4 g. A1 l7 ^8 Y ^; \ 69. Collective disappearance7 D* ?. I6 T3 q9 g6 g$ N |
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) V1 N) h2 d" ]9 o6 Z
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers8 i" t5 h4 k. M
71. Consumers’ boycott
! p2 V2 x7 q' `0 @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ S1 u6 ]8 ?( p$ T5 c7 p4 R
73. Policy of austerity4 ?! ?6 [, s, V5 l3 R& O
74. Rent withholding
5 x& M6 G* Z; k/ [& |! b7 K! P 75. Refusal to rent
8 ^- f6 |' {# b9 {0 r+ |: W/ D8 b 76. National consumers’ boycott) p2 w+ l% Y2 r, y' p5 H. Z( |6 ]
77. International consumers’ boycott
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- b3 r% s' {0 r: a& _Action by Workers and Producers
$ H1 `- L1 X1 ~2 o$ b4 J 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 n( O; H# ~ w$ N8 ~ 79. Producers’ boycott
8 s0 j' W a3 _# h. g1 O
" L5 |' ~8 `7 c0 Q1 I3 q% CAction by Middlemen
2 l% e9 W5 D* p/ G+ D! ]4 o 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* Q* `( r) Q/ |8 a! l7 K
/ [2 X( T% e1 r: o/ V5 IAction by Owners and Management v6 u4 d4 O: P% z' c5 S
81. Traders’ boycott& j8 W6 W4 P0 e' m. p( ^
82. Refusal to let or sell property- k1 o. W% b: M1 ^, `
83. Lockout
9 G8 d: S# |- d7 u 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; Z4 t5 U2 p; n: A+ T3 P. z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ v! H$ r: e2 _2 g
; z4 J# Z/ i0 `2 h* ^4 l- ZAction by Holders of Financial Resources" l3 A/ i" @* Q% r# j
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( Y% j" T5 t5 n 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ \( N7 z* H. \/ K: k 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 N* f5 Y7 z6 q* @
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 C2 Z7 Q# Q4 y# w: h5 l 90. Revenue refusal( G+ ]# s, M' r2 R6 F+ e# U
91. Refusal of a government’s money; |/ k& d, L' e* d
8 [" w$ |7 F+ P, p w: I! a
Action by Governments
8 \3 z' V# i8 k4 i& _ 92. Domestic embargo
3 z7 u4 n/ W* Q9 m4 h 93. Blacklisting of traders
5 C8 W5 Q# N+ i/ w+ c6 h 94. International sellers’ embargo! R ]" K" S; I0 |9 W
95. International buyers’ embargo) R. r. V8 H. y
96. International trade embargo
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6 h+ @. R4 M8 F- ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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3 a! |% i- N G/ `6 pSymbolic Strikes1 \! A2 v& c F' k& C
97. Protest strike
3 P4 g' u7 h( w6 S 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
V3 Z0 g6 P+ \; l, U3 K
. l# r# }; l$ ?+ R* ]- `9 |Agricultural Strikes
. G8 E; @) X2 u* V 99. Peasant strike
3 m# @! V N! `. {0 Y7 [ m$ c 100. Farm Workers’ strike
m# F5 C7 Q/ T! E$ ^7 ]1 G
9 [: C: o5 n3 H j0 G, aStrikes by Special Groups
' l0 U5 c% p* m2 z4 }, q4 b 101. Refusal of impressed labor. R0 O+ b/ N" a
102. Prisoners’ strike8 a* {$ \1 e0 ?; K ]( G
103. Craft strike
$ l) B; b- K9 z- `5 `+ U0 {7 i 104. Professional strike
# [5 H5 Q& l% q) E& s/ A- D0 @8 u; A
Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ U3 }6 K( [+ u i$ n
105. Establishment strike( x0 {4 m! D5 h# M" Y( M
106. Industry strike% `, m$ X; Y! r: Q1 f1 ]3 S
107. Sympathetic strike
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) b" X0 d `+ f* N$ T( ORestricted Strikes' \: q6 Q$ t4 a* U
108. Detailed strike: ~) M" y. q0 ^# |6 F# c
109. Bumper strike2 ]7 }7 K- G) c$ _2 v
110. Slowdown strike
$ ^0 W. r3 J) B6 S" c2 g 111. Working-to-rule strike
* S. Z/ q0 w3 j O, L! Z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) L: Z+ x2 d" p1 Q( E 113. Strike by resignation' M' [4 F5 r3 L# G6 j
114. Limited strike0 s/ r( U. N( r- q/ N
115. Selective strike
, Q# T8 n) r3 i, G3 p, m0 }9 O
+ v6 b4 J1 i5 j b2 r/ Y" d* pMulti-Industry Strikes2 o3 h8 p; |5 a& |' L6 @* K
3 y" C7 I+ z5 s! ]1 v
116. Generalized strike2 i' `. S* _1 q! P z. H
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117. General strike
+ O2 A/ D& [5 s' x% l m3 G* a
, k5 O7 D8 q. Z3 b8 qCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal$ k" l3 g# c" b. C' L. o5 ?
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119. Economic shutdown
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1 V. c" C; z# @' ]( _- uTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority) A6 {% {% R4 d7 X1 I$ m
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 q: f! L! Z% k- X1 j) t7 b 121. Refusal of public support
/ m: p9 ]( s' @! Q' V/ Z+ G 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* U0 ?; H, I, `5 C( L! {; P
: I' K( N/ t8 }) j/ R S. r9 DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* J! B% l' f4 [ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
s, l+ G* U# |% j- w 124. Boycott of elections
4 v( `$ B$ P/ P' ^8 Y+ Z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions* \# S# O7 g( W$ c
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 ~: f! @% s: A: m2 U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* N( U$ x1 j, m' W: c% g& l* q7 f
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 c/ u5 p+ w5 b, E4 ~, [1 k- H 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( h5 G$ N3 q l* F+ a7 s& S
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& X& X2 T- q! O& Y Q4 O0 i% a @
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ G+ K2 j" i% X" {( H0 O4 \ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. C: [8 a: L# l6 ^! j) C; o
" r. m; m8 T" w1 ?Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience Q# ~9 m. ~) H- Q( F3 V2 u
133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 p- |! X! V- w
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ k7 U* V3 @/ v1 i
135. Popular nonobedience
6 J0 E; \. T, x/ @ K 136. Disguised disobedience5 x) s4 V( y# p" M
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) k. x: p+ w7 M, s9 ~; r$ @$ G 138. Sitdown. D1 k8 m4 X# A+ B8 P% N6 O
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
R8 |8 J8 ?. E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- ]- n k. u% h" O 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" ^' x& ]8 q$ q! I/ ]* x
* d1 ?5 U6 Y5 I0 L. Z
Action by Government Personnel, ?; e' B# r$ D9 c) Z' h8 o
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! O7 O$ X0 v" l8 q( W 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 s: |; c N% ]* c3 e8 q( R
144. Stalling and obstruction' X0 Y! P7 O6 I$ |
145. General administrative noncooperation
& q* l8 V" V J" v. a# q' f1 S9 p" ]. F, u# b ?* |: N! A
146. Judicial noncooperation3 z$ Q: H& v/ [! m
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 W. X9 S) H3 q+ \ 148. Mutiny; N) p4 t' a5 M H' F# k
Domestic Governmental Action
7 j* E& R/ j. h 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- R( V* o( U9 Y6 k4 X% H% S 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 Z6 `7 X( H8 @8 Y9 Q! `# o& T) A
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International Governmental Action0 F" y- n1 g# `! c
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations e* A* D4 O0 D# y5 A3 r7 E
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* s& T6 P3 ~; y9 ^ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 W/ N% e& X" E2 W6 X
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 I6 W7 Y6 g" F3 j% ]2 K$ J: k5 \+ b 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 h2 O" P: G/ A( N; d) E 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" \; i7 D/ t: L3 [ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 \ Y& A% _: a" r0 C
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Psychological Intervention
; X. y) H+ ^8 W1 [ 158. Self-exposure to the elements# ] Q" {& k: A+ m# j7 z% g
159. The fast" n ~. i; N3 b |. i5 S n
a) Fast of moral pressure# `' k7 {6 {( F( W
b) Hunger strike
+ }/ W3 Q3 f' `# I% y c) Satyagrahic fast
4 _, @0 C1 }3 u7 S' p/ ^- B& P 160. Reverse trial' a( h( ~' y- b0 I! {2 s4 p# d
161. Nonviolent harassment
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0 R' i, X0 C& P4 v0 aPhysical Intervention& A9 A9 ]1 z2 ]) Q4 a! D0 u6 a
162. Sit-in
3 K8 T/ H2 R" A# | 163. Stand-in W* D; b# N; d
164. Ride-in
0 [( q0 V# V6 k! T; V 165. Wade-in( t- O8 H* o9 D" }* j f
166. Mill-in
% \( y" P; _1 g4 p2 F; R' ? 167. Pray-in
, u6 G2 W7 _8 D1 k3 ` 168. Nonviolent raids& c% r4 A" i9 ], d; C+ `7 U
169. Nonviolent air raids" m& h/ Y* j$ d( H& e' M0 T
170. Nonviolent invasion
. w- q5 a; N$ k1 O* Y" a+ I 171. Nonviolent interjection
. ]$ S. V8 W8 W. d 172. Nonviolent obstruction
; f4 y) D0 E5 ` x8 v. D 173. Nonviolent occupation" B" E Z" z8 X
7 i7 }9 H" k3 g# l t% a% jSocial Intervention
4 t6 a) g. M: [* A6 b2 m/ N 174. Establishing new social patterns6 o* r7 J, R7 q4 V; u+ n2 a) O) C
175. Overloading of facilities1 X- b8 }# m1 A7 a2 ^
176. Stall-in
8 x1 h2 j* @7 C4 q+ S3 a5 T4 n" J" | 177. Speak-in! f3 X, y' U8 a% C$ l3 e$ ?
178. Guerrilla theater& x) U. P% ?9 O, F t7 f
179. Alternative social institutions7 w9 \6 ^% L9 \$ l# A
180. Alternative communication system
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7 [# z; T, j9 O3 CEconomic Intervention
* p6 P0 T( e# K7 K1 i- n4 f1 j 181. Reverse strike7 ^' y+ [4 g9 r3 h
182. Stay-in strike! z4 [7 h, z* k/ y& G: S7 e# p. W
183. Nonviolent land seizure: r0 P3 D) j3 N+ B0 P
184. Defiance of blockades
1 S* ~) w' M& j7 D 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 B, x t, g4 }( f, m2 z
186. Preclusive purchasing
- V' O$ {7 M) n2 P2 y 187. Seizure of assets
) R3 y* ]+ D$ B 188. Dumping) T2 @: l% _- R/ w0 J1 _$ `
189. Selective patronage
) p+ p! W7 ^: w& x1 j# \, V 190. Alternative markets
) {# a8 N' }) M2 f' g0 u 191. Alternative transportation systems- S' r- B3 F3 B7 j
192. Alternative economic institutions
W1 e# F0 l" \
5 d5 g; q) }) tPolitical Intervention+ C% _- T' L2 P: g9 a
193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 A8 a/ o2 {( K- o5 m: V! [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 b) l3 L) B. l 195. Seeking imprisonment% d1 e2 C; _* q. I5 Z( u- y+ o
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 I" Z7 F, U- W
197. Work-on without collaboration
& {8 z9 I# b5 { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
