 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; {* _2 O/ R* T) t
Formal Statements4 r! G: V+ U" e- ^1 S0 p
1. Public Speeches
$ l. H6 }( O5 n: Q$ w( O 2. Letters of opposition or support2 f8 b2 K0 m5 M1 [6 B* n
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, O& s% T6 Q& u7 i" {% i 4. Signed public statements
( \! R# m( O" D i# y7 a! y9 q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& B- h5 C% o b: t 6. Group or mass petitions( W$ r4 |0 _" n% i* Q" p; d
& {3 J1 M, Z3 s9 _. [+ e3 _- R
Communications with a Wider Audience
1 p8 y& c( ?, A. R+ `0 r5 e# y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols c$ m6 w! c* ], P2 A& l) q3 r% ^
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ [! n0 G6 i7 E+ Z' x- g
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 M. T2 i6 E2 r9 H h/ S
10. Newspapers and journals. c$ _% h/ G' v
11. Records, radio, and television
2 n! ^& G' }7 {- t7 |3 o- H7 ]' k. M 12. Skywriting and earthwriting" q3 m9 x/ X7 f" @8 {
3 G" D8 x& s0 r/ p9 `& E
Group Representations) P! @" l' }( Z+ ?7 J- j- L
13. Deputations" v. s- B9 R1 J
14. Mock awards1 h4 a2 D$ x2 P$ m+ A, p
15. Group lobbying
" |. M' S% X, O2 x1 l 16. Picketing
' R$ l5 y, n8 ?" J3 ~9 M9 K# T5 X, J 17. Mock elections, t0 H, u8 k ~/ V& [
* h/ D' [9 C+ g6 p s8 \; ASymbolic Public Acts
$ |4 Y+ a$ M& o9 ], C) V 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' q: n. _+ s5 ^; @+ f0 {2 ^ 19. Wearing of symbols
* m, a; L* l$ W% x+ Y$ _ 20. Prayer and worship
# M2 l: [( e+ X$ p4 f- E. C& Q 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" S" |" s' ^, A: \4 X7 s 22. Protest disrobings2 U0 o! d) _4 n% r* J& V' U
23. Destruction of own property! I% |* O" _0 p: {
24. Symbolic lights
/ \# @' m6 {% H' L e( t( s 25. Displays of portraits% m- N0 w# o( O0 c% e- }5 i; k
26. Paint as protest7 B" d# N( t4 {7 r
27. New signs and names M4 k9 V9 P( x' d- P: M4 }
28. Symbolic sounds
- j- U8 |! A0 s! `6 Q0 C* R 29. Symbolic reclamations
8 S2 ?8 r: L1 L 30. Rude gestures
2 N4 z- s- x1 q9 k8 t8 q x
( T" P0 G' D, q! r. ~Pressures on Individuals
& O- b" K1 E) @ 31. “Haunting” officials
3 S, o& ?8 ~1 g j' ]& n/ m+ r, h/ s 32. Taunting officials
; {6 T6 n% w$ X: A+ u 33. Fraternization! i$ ^: `! w1 A
34. Vigils
8 u1 j" E8 ` N5 Z0 I
2 L+ ^; E9 M2 ^3 k: |+ Y& U: wDrama and Music
" M4 I) C; R# G 35. Humorous skits and pranks/ i3 C( u* r: e3 N5 w* C, Q2 O4 Y3 j
36. Performances of plays and music) z# R' a8 |- E1 P& V/ A
37. Singing
' ~& |$ J. @" u P6 T+ [3 e3 W# b4 o' l
Processions
" j$ ~9 w4 H6 [4 q8 A 38. Marches
% M" {0 N! Y3 j2 Y1 ?( w3 }/ S 39. Parades
+ \. n* i# e; c( E( J 40. Religious processions. H$ f6 a& V8 @! ^4 j! N) h: H
41. Pilgrimages! M% {- t0 W* H& K- \+ x) U
42. Motorcades
* q2 w8 T* l0 h( `; a0 u1 ?4 L. H/ ~
Honoring the Dead4 a {5 T6 Y% `3 |
43. Political mourning
) q9 y) L; a" e. b; y5 k7 a# b ] 44. Mock funerals1 @% g w8 Q: }* h8 d: W( M
45. Demonstrative funerals; }8 w) s _( J' P
46. Homage at burial places
7 w _- c W; e# v+ f- n1 _
) o) B6 g j4 L/ B/ E8 \6 MPublic Assemblies$ y4 B% n) p" q4 L1 i: y* L' h6 X
47. Assemblies of protest or support
# a; o8 U2 G9 z7 h1 P' _. H 48. Protest meetings, x, u$ l8 z8 ^/ ~8 a- H
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 M/ v7 l1 N' f; k
50. Teach-ins* |: ?% x' t; C2 a% C7 z$ d
. T4 a7 w; u7 i' q7 g" z
Withdrawal and Renunciation& T! s/ H/ V9 B- H& y
51. Walk-outs1 G( \& P+ I+ r+ A9 D) R) y; c! Z
52. Silence
. S( @ [5 L- D" ^2 k& M 53. Renouncing honors
) l; l+ v. N& z6 Z5 F7 U4 D 54. Turning one’s back
/ Y: n7 y+ l2 F* L. @# [" X7 h: R1 V9 G
. N+ q( X+ q; \ h% J1 O
* L* ?. X; Q# P9 ]1 {+ u! {1 o9 \ OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 H8 N4 c# @+ |6 t4 J; T% E! I& t- K5 H% H$ \; ?1 ^
. G0 V4 }5 Z! C5 t' F
$ h, b# e9 _* U8 O Z5 POstracism of Persons" ?9 B& y0 g0 x. E/ k0 A
55. Social boycott
1 w' Y# \8 l0 n7 w; Y+ b 56. Selective social boycott
$ K% l0 _* Z% c) v' T1 ^" L 57. Lysistratic nonaction- J6 ^6 n; }( ?$ k- U
58. Excommunication
1 B" k2 o1 }1 Y% P, Q 59. Interdict2 x( L2 Z2 s( |7 A8 r
- }) k! S, C1 X5 ~6 yNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; C" L6 m1 A- a! D9 a$ z5 Z 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" P# O2 ^" H( [! {! e 61. Boycott of social affairs' ~$ I: k( ^0 _
62. Student strike
. w. b' s# V& W" \ 63. Social disobedience5 F5 g; L1 l& i
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 y3 ^3 e0 ^* R8 Z9 o/ x
# M ]9 q4 V" m- ]/ _5 WWithdrawal from the Social System4 K! P0 O; Y& \, J/ Z; Z
65. Stay-at-home+ V+ }* n t9 @# j0 |* ?
66. Total personal noncooperation
; {* l' s: k0 y2 m 67. “Flight” of workers
E' D9 {, a+ `2 M* C1 ^ 68. Sanctuary% g# v! P! r: q4 }
69. Collective disappearance" U+ Y% E$ F: A
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ e5 y/ x9 i7 I% p
/ u% x1 u& O8 x/ b6 i: l % `, m0 i) K+ [; K" g. B* a0 x
1 ]& Q2 m+ ~5 b" KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' d; S2 ~% t+ D; i0 G
& ^& W* [; ]' Y3 [% D/ a
9 H( \# `- `! R7 @/ ]5 `Actions by Consumers3 P1 |4 F) W& ~! {& h+ \4 \ ^
71. Consumers’ boycott
) J7 V7 o; g: c 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 W' [0 N0 }0 @+ S6 u 73. Policy of austerity
; P, Q# s/ m& ^% } 74. Rent withholding8 g2 J: \* u9 D
75. Refusal to rent
& R; ~* ], ^" H8 e; G+ {- w 76. National consumers’ boycott
- V: b7 p) m. \ 77. International consumers’ boycott: q& K& g) e: v/ u
: n$ O2 B3 A) O/ N) U
Action by Workers and Producers
, M4 g! E3 A5 b$ M; c4 U U) ]2 j# S 78. Workmen’s boycott
7 m: Z# Z& z2 h 79. Producers’ boycott4 D: N/ E$ X$ c
- b, v# t# H4 M/ q& s
Action by Middlemen
. X6 Q) K; l5 |% g d" T* E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- _$ Q- N4 Y5 e% n# Y7 l# Y- I8 k. C$ [$ Q5 c% O
Action by Owners and Management
& F/ t. z3 C- O" B6 G; j6 k 81. Traders’ boycott
) |2 q6 G3 m; e& u0 H y 82. Refusal to let or sell property. H! j# `* Y4 ^2 p0 m, f& u* K
83. Lockout# b& {8 w0 B# F; t
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 B* ~* F0 h f. k9 O* t 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 Q/ k" a- |4 _9 Y, G. L; R8 i. e" ^6 {* u$ j& |2 |, f3 P$ X
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& \6 P$ m" G1 P! _# ~8 v
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) s" \7 B. p2 s( v) ?* D# `8 ^ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 [$ B3 v3 Z) |" W; a+ ^9 @6 B( b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 H8 F _+ {( |# e
89. Severance of funds and credit) W. ]. S0 g5 m- z* N
90. Revenue refusal
( z. x) N. e5 h! _3 B) n 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 F6 d9 w! t. j- t5 D9 {
7 o0 }; r% S' u7 {/ a9 tAction by Governments0 M n6 Y+ X# h
92. Domestic embargo
' P% S2 |2 w5 r7 N 93. Blacklisting of traders4 z8 w/ L# g( K5 j8 ~
94. International sellers’ embargo
+ b) h8 ~6 K" R" g! Q% g7 d) S+ ` 95. International buyers’ embargo
* p% @+ ?* U8 d$ n5 Q+ a9 [ 96. International trade embargo
6 t6 \$ |0 j! ] T& L9 n* l
# o3 P. u3 U: n# N; g' X
0 B* }, l E& ?
V& c4 _2 m+ q7 [# `/ \THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, _3 A- W! H/ @8 m7 F% [& w
& a! w' T5 R9 ?. Z ! ?, t Y1 Q+ F* U
Symbolic Strikes
! X# n% F1 W/ W3 {& v, P9 | 97. Protest strike
0 H# W- `% S( s 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" S# H: d+ y9 b" a. G+ d% M
# j* u: x# ^! \# U
Agricultural Strikes, x1 N2 g! M3 ^, E0 o" w
99. Peasant strike a( ^% C" k S( Z4 p. i
100. Farm Workers’ strike
. h# j8 L j9 s& c- i
1 Q7 W2 R! X% k7 R! ]* PStrikes by Special Groups
* C r, b# S3 L2 y0 \0 F, o- B 101. Refusal of impressed labor8 v) s+ z5 ~ ~6 }6 n3 G7 n- f! i4 q
102. Prisoners’ strike: P2 s9 n. v/ `0 ]5 ^+ v
103. Craft strike+ |* S" B5 Y4 G! E) \
104. Professional strike
# B; Q" X' Y4 B9 q$ U: z( g
$ R/ O. s( }; p/ C, |0 tOrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ t6 S) ^) G& m 105. Establishment strike1 p9 \) x5 l) A% Q! t8 L
106. Industry strike( p+ i; e y S8 n* D+ L
107. Sympathetic strike
6 j0 v9 h+ G. r! j _; D8 b* e0 `: c0 r3 j
Restricted Strikes, |8 b1 _8 g$ |" p! E$ I% D+ z. d
108. Detailed strike1 x2 D' R6 x& o- y
109. Bumper strike# r8 l, J. y. X3 v, q1 _3 v
110. Slowdown strike9 _$ M! F& x6 R- b% Y
111. Working-to-rule strike1 C3 o' W- a L. y6 m
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 H- n5 q0 ?8 Z2 g" L/ u! E" @ 113. Strike by resignation2 I' A- Y/ G2 A) c/ h
114. Limited strike5 l6 G, D( s9 w" h
115. Selective strike
8 n- S% x! S( Z
4 d- Z$ r/ t3 s8 Y+ V2 m/ c! jMulti-Industry Strikes
. {9 I3 s4 v1 W+ N6 N" b
4 Z; h9 i F$ g6 Z. J* V 116. Generalized strike7 o, ]& ?4 e& @0 B" J
6 l7 ^' G( J3 E 117. General strike' X! Q4 T# D) W( m4 O. T
8 W) ]7 \7 \6 b
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 _( C- I. r& P6 V' z8 ^- g
9 t+ P6 j' I" j' B 118. Hartal
, y+ s1 d+ L5 E% K' N9 N4 d
) I3 d% k1 j6 g, j! w7 {# ^( P 119. Economic shutdown
" W& Y) o5 }, K
0 x3 k" P# n9 N; ]4 `
' J* M6 @, }. B" a w7 f% K- l6 r0 p" _/ C6 ^& M4 R
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
8 b, t" D5 Z, W; k( _
: z5 Z- p/ b, \- I# w9 x+ ?* H " b; L; m8 Z0 c
Rejection of Authority. `" h% S- s! w, V
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 ]9 v: q. A6 l0 T% U g
121. Refusal of public support: V* C% n @: `( Q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 d# l) z9 L8 \) d
, j& g& }0 O( F0 g) w( a
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' u5 F0 q" ?% B; {' m( o4 T0 y# M 123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 M$ d# u# K# b# R# x% D
124. Boycott of elections
' D! P* J$ g2 ~' _. G 125. Boycott of government employment and positions. i$ I% T. F# i9 _2 V1 }% Z2 i
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ B/ E* Y; v7 }( K- C, s
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- l6 F# J; O1 w1 |$ c2 q1 } 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 h) q, E q7 H, {" F 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. ]+ _" F d3 z: c; ~
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& h% L* n2 v8 {- e2 W: A4 U 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' e. Z6 b% B+ l4 G4 t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ D3 v9 P6 C# @0 ]& w$ |1 `
! h$ O0 O* O% a$ SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' |7 @9 v. O" B+ d7 J# W" \- F
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* t, X. t& i6 C) d# s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, p6 O" I! X& X6 R4 q! w
135. Popular nonobedience! Y$ V. U* Q( n% e, q* J
136. Disguised disobedience
+ w5 _1 G; u2 ^5 ^2 A2 P3 T5 r 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 V( W) p8 s1 x
138. Sitdown) R3 l, _+ ?2 T5 Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* c! Z( F8 F& V+ c Z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- \6 z% Y; D1 y8 C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) D$ O0 [! y. G5 P5 g- I; A5 Q/ E |* C- I4 O& H/ q0 H( r% ^
Action by Government Personnel
9 Q$ s9 q u6 f4 E7 o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 |9 B: Z" x- u& O2 \9 b4 c 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 T* u6 Z' g" ~9 v+ q1 A 144. Stalling and obstruction6 Y u# {2 A: `& u& @
145. General administrative noncooperation) ~9 p8 ^1 c3 X! ^: e( s0 S
) m5 i, {% \5 _/ q% @. a7 n
146. Judicial noncooperation5 e1 Z: C2 T! E, N: v6 \- r
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ l5 w. E" H) _# @& g
148. Mutiny$ U8 f4 N5 K8 X% K/ k
Domestic Governmental Action, P! r' @0 L& S3 l$ R0 E: |
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
* v6 h1 o0 B$ S 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( T, F' Z: g. e( S
- Y# B( ^% N0 U/ KInternational Governmental Action
9 @9 @( a6 H9 R& w/ Q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# J4 M& V# @9 `% }; w; n }- L 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 v. @1 k1 l: E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# c0 o! g5 M( w; V9 s' K* H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 R; Q1 H+ [& K' ^ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations& a+ s' V% H1 n& S
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; O$ s6 d3 c/ ? 157. Expulsion from international organizations6 z6 p3 k1 \, c6 ~* Q5 {, {
# t! J0 I, u* l# f5 i 8 S# P- Z9 A4 n; A" V* C) U
% P4 n8 q; ]) V/ ^- OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( S' g% v' u) z8 a; K, \7 E
6 G1 L& G/ [" i# p
9 E4 g8 G( x; t t
Psychological Intervention
5 C. E v2 p& _4 e! e 158. Self-exposure to the elements& U' v$ ]1 [$ X( x& g
159. The fast
9 G; |* W9 \) H% }9 I1 u/ e9 _ a) Fast of moral pressure2 `4 A0 t& ^( e
b) Hunger strike$ v( a0 J& G1 q1 b4 u
c) Satyagrahic fast% h) w- M; F5 A0 s3 s
160. Reverse trial( z, b& b$ C$ ?( p/ }% S7 f
161. Nonviolent harassment
% p3 o/ P+ z- D# N6 L$ e: C
1 J# @+ u' P$ B2 e# l# y2 V9 ZPhysical Intervention8 b; y% M8 |7 ]6 t9 ^# t" i
162. Sit-in" n( A2 n6 _6 ]8 F. @
163. Stand-in8 l; l# J& @7 ?4 ?2 d. R2 ]3 h; k
164. Ride-in. q5 ]- m& h9 X# E. j. G
165. Wade-in
4 O6 ]. j3 V; z" k 166. Mill-in% t' t) p. F& m) X; b8 j0 M, J
167. Pray-in1 Q% J) M/ q4 q% ~8 i8 G
168. Nonviolent raids3 n- w( K; m# O* d: v% H
169. Nonviolent air raids
3 b" P( Q6 u0 g4 B; L6 C. b( { 170. Nonviolent invasion5 }) t! E6 d+ p% S5 N5 z6 F3 f3 D
171. Nonviolent interjection- B* U; B( j$ o# ^: u1 M* D
172. Nonviolent obstruction; p f! J& q A, d5 M- A5 m- u
173. Nonviolent occupation; E; F h6 y( m$ B& z: l* C Q
: r" j" h8 O9 DSocial Intervention
; `( m$ H8 A$ H* k6 u2 h# h4 H 174. Establishing new social patterns/ k! S/ H3 x7 y( E. a1 o# J
175. Overloading of facilities
3 ~9 K6 U7 k, U7 V, M' U* T3 J) _ 176. Stall-in' T' y8 c& T! m: w! B
177. Speak-in
6 G P, H I8 K6 J, G; g# n* L* G 178. Guerrilla theater9 x4 O5 h q) a' S- d
179. Alternative social institutions. ?- w' q' j Y8 o# I
180. Alternative communication system
" J: W: ^3 J, b7 _# i9 R* n4 O
$ u z& @/ K4 q) n3 g# gEconomic Intervention
- w( {) f/ V! s& p4 G, [! ` 181. Reverse strike7 e' u& e6 @* ~1 O0 v0 M
182. Stay-in strike
9 o; l; \9 U. [* e4 c$ F% ]9 [) B 183. Nonviolent land seizure
! d. v+ O( R9 ~: ?; ]: o 184. Defiance of blockades
% E$ U w p4 E1 G2 n6 l& O3 s 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 i/ y" E& l% G. s$ q( [ 186. Preclusive purchasing; G7 h1 r% j/ t% ]) V5 X8 T
187. Seizure of assets% H9 S: j0 V4 q
188. Dumping7 Q( J7 R; ~+ Z2 @0 L
189. Selective patronage
: ?4 Q4 U7 p7 F! M0 H% w 190. Alternative markets
; e" J; { x3 D1 o2 x5 p" j 191. Alternative transportation systems
9 S! `3 I* a0 ]- Q. z 192. Alternative economic institutions4 L2 w" U5 F( ?3 P( \0 F% d0 z, ]$ n
2 n8 I2 |/ P# U+ [4 XPolitical Intervention
- b' ~( t6 q- k! ^ 193. Overloading of administrative systems- @5 }' N3 P. h4 ?' R* m
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 H1 k. k, A2 r4 H# ]& i, h' l1 O( E
195. Seeking imprisonment% d& r, f: D* s1 p! ~% d
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ k3 J# D, t2 P 197. Work-on without collaboration! n6 D; O0 v5 T, S( y' u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
/ v7 f( i3 `* s- D" o- x7 ~; t; f: b* m1 k8 z) [% \* Y
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
