 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. z! ]8 Q. W4 e/ b! S
Formal Statements
* I, z4 H% Q- |! j 1. Public Speeches
4 b5 k O1 P! U+ l 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 ?% {1 n5 C( T5 N7 E 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* P* X" @% I) c. |5 a( l2 J
4. Signed public statements' q- n& D! q8 H' o/ Y" F
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! ?9 z0 w; B4 K( [ z; h# c
6. Group or mass petitions: r9 n1 r" P/ ^, _: W+ P
! `6 n8 l# o2 k( g$ h* _! L
Communications with a Wider Audience% ?+ Y9 ^: ?5 x, X4 P
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 s: W2 V& T$ g& E; c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! x4 D$ D# a7 ^* H' ^6 V4 _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" G& s$ e, g% q# M 10. Newspapers and journals
1 A( }! B( X( e0 g2 G& w 11. Records, radio, and television
1 |7 t% G* w1 Y' v" X$ g 12. Skywriting and earthwriting" V/ o( ~7 K( n: P3 W' G3 S
0 G) t+ ]" [) g1 {& c' Z
Group Representations [9 f3 l4 ~! Z7 d6 r
13. Deputations b! S9 H- s. T1 t5 R8 @ j
14. Mock awards
6 V1 z' I6 Z/ V( ~' Y: x! b 15. Group lobbying) G& R- h _8 w. ]0 z& w
16. Picketing0 B& @/ h0 T& V' ^
17. Mock elections
! j7 e2 m- T+ N+ j6 B. @) [2 V1 N4 n# f) _
Symbolic Public Acts) o- M7 E: u5 X& V7 r# i# T6 R2 y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! ]( s1 h' S: @; x3 L: ]% T! x1 P, \
19. Wearing of symbols
; l: I: j% Q% s" X) y* ?# J0 X6 O 20. Prayer and worship
( T% \ N4 v& w2 f 21. Delivering symbolic objects
r& l+ i3 x: \ J3 x3 m0 ^ 22. Protest disrobings
0 O6 x; B4 R" a, \3 t 23. Destruction of own property
* T- T& z' o5 X) p- W# \ 24. Symbolic lights Y) A' l2 z: T8 W4 ^
25. Displays of portraits8 w9 t1 S/ X4 u* n2 ?! s) w
26. Paint as protest( Q7 V/ N. O1 a% {9 l
27. New signs and names" ?. B, P& P- c% M: p8 `% ]
28. Symbolic sounds
) e7 L' R1 Q1 m: T2 b 29. Symbolic reclamations0 I8 ?# _+ {& _3 B) F* j
30. Rude gestures% K. V" y0 O1 q& \6 V I
% j) q2 v: ?% N( {Pressures on Individuals) I- J' Y/ t; D# C
31. “Haunting” officials
4 H$ H! E5 w" E8 \( T 32. Taunting officials, A" @2 V ^. _' W, R
33. Fraternization& e3 l! W; G$ @7 T
34. Vigils8 ]4 O; L2 Z' q0 Q6 h
1 ]* x" T& ^/ F" F
Drama and Music
8 U* N! p; q9 g 35. Humorous skits and pranks0 O ~& w) |9 v% T7 p
36. Performances of plays and music
1 J" y. [/ L Y+ C 37. Singing9 e8 _( [# ~# E% ?+ I
2 y; l* g- q, o+ \3 hProcessions
4 G6 ?$ @4 W( e, N4 _ 38. Marches
; [# y; K9 _3 R1 C* s, M9 L 39. Parades) b3 p& i" @0 M! V
40. Religious processions
( J9 }3 ]3 T( }: |% q 41. Pilgrimages
. v) v0 e* p4 O6 X, b. \+ |6 b- ? 42. Motorcades
6 v$ U7 x0 D% r# B# i
$ G* O* ~+ v4 b/ M! @9 BHonoring the Dead
4 L' w( ?- v$ z1 G* D& Q 43. Political mourning$ L1 t# G9 a. l% x2 k* X
44. Mock funerals. ^, r$ ^( i( A% ?# F
45. Demonstrative funerals. p2 g- {1 o3 T
46. Homage at burial places' V& N1 j$ E, O( A1 U+ y1 @
$ z' I# G r( Q. ~ l7 x) V9 VPublic Assemblies$ g/ {% f0 E6 q% @
47. Assemblies of protest or support
* ]- x0 |. n8 i 48. Protest meetings
. u# o) \/ }( V 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 N, h0 v8 i/ f9 \ 50. Teach-ins* k, [' ~' A$ J9 m, w
6 g6 W& k: Z7 `Withdrawal and Renunciation( X g4 j) v! _" [% s3 n' U5 |
51. Walk-outs* x4 i3 I* T& y+ E$ C ?
52. Silence8 l, i8 _* s/ v+ ]$ X! X8 u# O
53. Renouncing honors" g% ^+ ^ n- I% j/ v1 Z
54. Turning one’s back
9 g& F& v7 j: x. c. G. x9 ~; Z
3 O2 z' W: u' Q5 x3 b8 H ! T# F0 R* F/ J( m+ z0 g' a
# z3 z. g* U3 \# a9 Q! q' MTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, a1 C9 f2 |$ _8 U# d, ~
1 s) K( z( O N) E3 p* E; C 9 {2 v* s J' N: m3 W) d
, Q* y9 x2 \' j- R0 X' `2 K
Ostracism of Persons! l- _, Y( h M
55. Social boycott4 A* S0 y* n$ q+ e2 x( `) t
56. Selective social boycott
1 l2 s7 ~$ B/ O& {2 C ~" U 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 m2 G8 i' `$ r3 Y6 @
58. Excommunication' z" M% P% e- I. `/ X( a
59. Interdict
8 }& {) Y1 q6 b% s6 ^7 x6 f
7 I& t3 z( R7 E2 {Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 [8 Z1 p# [8 q. |" k
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, |- @5 ]- {6 n' |) e 61. Boycott of social affairs
' S" t; m) c2 O& r5 T Z6 R+ T V 62. Student strike
( M7 q( P) b% i5 p. k8 q$ }( w 63. Social disobedience0 _) {6 w7 _ A$ A" l2 @% R6 J
64. Withdrawal from social institutions- R) |# N( m! ^
3 m: R4 G1 Z! ]6 aWithdrawal from the Social System# f5 j1 v. o8 E& U
65. Stay-at-home
8 |% p. D2 o" F% x3 Z% F 66. Total personal noncooperation
5 q x' l8 {( b) O% J2 a 67. “Flight” of workers
7 w; E) u( w5 ~2 j1 [' @& ~ ]- G 68. Sanctuary
: C/ i) D( D' o. m) `& y 69. Collective disappearance
0 t, O; Z/ d: ?1 G# F/ ^0 D. q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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3 m0 g% U) T L( T! N
: k) S. U" ?, ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
: w) ^9 y: y, a1 i; f) p) }5 u+ Y. i+ @2 F5 G9 l9 R# e
# \) S5 N/ v9 K4 }7 l" T0 fActions by Consumers; Y2 B% j& D0 x: {
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 D$ o" R2 ~, D: S0 ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" R, R) ~% ]# |3 H
73. Policy of austerity. r" S) b' s% e
74. Rent withholding5 G1 @' u' H2 I# J9 T
75. Refusal to rent) d. E5 U8 }) \2 d
76. National consumers’ boycott
5 b9 z4 W# }0 ] 77. International consumers’ boycott* f& a+ }( x. g r1 y2 Z
" d# m- e: F h4 T/ g/ @4 z8 M# s
Action by Workers and Producers
: f Z; K6 `8 K' f" b3 j7 ^ 78. Workmen’s boycott1 N4 }0 A" a- O
79. Producers’ boycott
/ x8 Q4 W; G+ F* B
& D, n( R5 d, q* t5 m( g, CAction by Middlemen
- H! k2 W, \! ]8 D6 ~( X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 I) j6 J, r1 P* t- I* X
, b9 L% \" _- Z+ zAction by Owners and Management0 t% `6 r; w$ s. M* t+ ?
81. Traders’ boycott
" g( e! S! a6 j5 w& s 82. Refusal to let or sell property: q5 _: @3 T V" X
83. Lockout
( F* R2 J; i3 p0 ] 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 l+ C) \+ @" {: @
85. Merchants’ “general strike”( o4 R! [! D+ d; }4 [+ @
v! K Q8 j3 w" x( A- [4 eAction by Holders of Financial Resources
3 H$ q0 Q6 Z! P0 D W/ O% d, f! ` 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 B/ e! o; m }' u
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 j8 v U ]% g% n. r) [
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ ^/ D; }1 S7 D; o 89. Severance of funds and credit
% u9 l+ T8 s# E, K; `4 E+ _ 90. Revenue refusal
4 y9 [/ @# m6 O6 X8 f) {, v; r) x 91. Refusal of a government’s money2 }5 ~4 m v( ~9 z
. y* Q. v1 H S5 ~- A, W) u# jAction by Governments
) \) @; d- k! y2 ^8 k 92. Domestic embargo9 _6 Q# w( \9 o& a& g1 D
93. Blacklisting of traders( f$ u6 j" y, f) L/ U
94. International sellers’ embargo; Z8 A; J! ~5 N! F- w
95. International buyers’ embargo
% ?1 H& D$ ^% [/ \# J4 w8 y u4 @- o 96. International trade embargo
4 M2 {1 b: b7 V
- \9 y9 K5 a. J+ P) q7 {' Q7 O. _6 I 4 U+ K O1 \' E# M& }" g3 | M
. G& K O- K5 Z: K" j1 ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: C$ x8 U! V2 ]9 o/ |7 y- Z) L% z5 K1 ~" d0 \
Y+ `1 `8 n, V2 c w6 P4 n/ ?Symbolic Strikes9 c% s* b4 x+ y7 u6 ?3 W
97. Protest strike
6 W; [, J H) I- v- i 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 ~7 d* x" L2 ]# s; l; V4 [1 d6 M" _ ~- |
Agricultural Strikes
; w- v. A' c6 g3 }, Z; ~/ Z 99. Peasant strike
9 B# A9 X, u3 U- ?) |4 {: r 100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 C6 P# _8 j* b' r. Y) w0 J0 X. h9 P) t
Strikes by Special Groups
5 a& X) q6 F" y) m 101. Refusal of impressed labor1 U; w' Y3 [( B7 M! P7 Q" i0 W
102. Prisoners’ strike
' T7 d3 [' ]/ G: h& D 103. Craft strike% C, f6 G( A7 l/ Y5 s( ?. _6 F
104. Professional strike
$ M$ X+ N% Q7 ~2 O' B
* V# I" A d3 M7 X; \' t+ {/ MOrdinary Industrial Strikes. A7 V1 |# X5 i) w6 t6 R
105. Establishment strike7 X c6 _/ O6 X
106. Industry strike2 `1 p3 ^, X6 i' D" t _
107. Sympathetic strike! [4 V$ a+ | H
E) U# k6 X: Z# A0 p) KRestricted Strikes
* H9 T7 \$ E; o 108. Detailed strike, c2 {8 c6 @! V" s6 z7 X
109. Bumper strike
0 _; F( C; Y: j- x, f! A- J 110. Slowdown strike
9 y; J- D T/ E8 i* _7 Q* B 111. Working-to-rule strike: r2 W& e" P5 Q0 M
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- U; K* p, Z: X! d9 G' _! n
113. Strike by resignation
4 J/ P! E! L& _* l5 S' H- m 114. Limited strike- D: f; C) T9 {8 ]; v$ W
115. Selective strike
D5 e1 m ~6 s: _. p7 H2 A: ~7 i, h. w
Multi-Industry Strikes
( g7 ?6 Z* Z! _ ^6 P& h
' m2 c- P: G( a" m* u2 W1 l 116. Generalized strike
: e$ W- Y+ l8 x, ?2 n- K! ~
" M& y( _$ ^6 L9 Q# V: ^ 117. General strike
+ k2 U9 X# b) v% Q& ]
- o8 X- W% T. @4 t YCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 x+ I j+ f: _, a- i7 W+ @- e
9 V: L ~9 s& n3 n+ l
118. Hartal
/ V, {; |5 f! ?4 G% \, S- X* [5 Y6 u) R$ R1 u3 e
119. Economic shutdown
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; ^. ~5 x' o1 q% q9 ?THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
# z7 K: @* P, m5 F5 u. x7 d3 @& K/ H
0 U p! [8 `+ _. X XRejection of Authority
$ c$ w# K4 }5 f5 ` 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# k, I2 n5 n" I- H! W! H 121. Refusal of public support( S$ {) B- B2 r& \' a, G5 x
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' O2 L2 {( O; n) o' c: P! I
' [2 P* p' {( I8 dCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- C8 n0 a. S" [; Q* E% N4 S7 Q# b 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 e j- o- h0 ^& T 124. Boycott of elections0 v" e+ ]( y( M6 A% d6 B0 a) L0 C
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 p" H/ q( _4 a$ l( [' Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 C2 F& o0 \7 J2 C/ I4 M6 K 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 Y( v, U. m' j. W" M z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 S, j1 _ X! x) A 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 l9 f; z" p) H9 _
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# R) [# ~8 Q$ Y- i
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 R8 A @" X5 d$ ~- o! w L2 K) J, L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions f! @1 H. T- D- }+ x8 p: Z4 r
7 k& D: B. E7 s5 D" _Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience- x/ i8 H3 C5 ` K
133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 D' p4 S+ a$ @* s4 X6 W3 h4 c8 N
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ ?7 e& p8 T! h% r2 E% R6 h4 k) \ 135. Popular nonobedience
) Z& T y% S3 i, b 136. Disguised disobedience
2 B6 N/ f: n* e# a$ N. I 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
3 x3 e3 ]# Z: o& X 138. Sitdown
0 ?; l s) K- B$ d+ D 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
c1 D6 D2 o: _& }. ?* w 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
g6 _& i E+ i/ m5 f- X) k9 z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" T/ i: A0 T) m% ]0 O4 x
( g. P+ c' w7 c _: g* D) i
Action by Government Personnel
! Z: F: R+ L8 O, j8 y 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 w9 O, l# V. {6 w$ C- C( {
143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 B7 D- `2 c, r- s* p4 E
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 [' C, ?! v/ U, F. j: e) h 145. General administrative noncooperation" F7 M( S7 o; v9 U
6 ~( L# s2 J7 y: { 146. Judicial noncooperation
1 ~+ Z5 W0 E# [6 N) }3 x 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- m% k. x6 A1 @% Z6 ~
148. Mutiny
6 h6 Z9 o4 A( q' u. Q6 W4 EDomestic Governmental Action
1 v" o5 X7 L3 n# Y0 m1 G/ `# }9 M 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 A6 }! D5 ^ _6 s3 c: z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 G3 ?& ^7 z% C8 X" N7 |3 P( Q$ d) \
International Governmental Action
! F$ Z- I& f# C6 D, w9 L9 | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 D+ I. l4 K. h" N 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% ^& Y% N' O- u3 T
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 w1 c& a5 n6 R' B4 [ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 X( C6 l9 H$ F2 c" e7 W 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
0 x1 s$ ^/ y& X( g+ o 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: c }6 R; H7 U, V, W |4 z
157. Expulsion from international organizations; p d* Q4 @1 Z! K
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0 @- i. f* N9 |. XTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
9 Y7 U# N; O8 H9 V- G4 z$ Y. ?8 F3 P* d9 J! g- Q$ ]0 W
; y; @% F1 M! O+ _- kPsychological Intervention
: l$ v4 Z% Y4 N5 d: r Y& e3 q 158. Self-exposure to the elements4 h ?5 C% R+ N
159. The fast y6 K' @6 \# J
a) Fast of moral pressure
/ P1 [+ ]4 c6 {. ? b) Hunger strike, ~9 w: e8 e7 e& |! d* K) l2 s
c) Satyagrahic fast
J: k6 t/ u% m 160. Reverse trial/ w2 e$ r: k/ R- u" m
161. Nonviolent harassment
1 l5 @3 I! ~3 [. K: r6 G0 t v4 X; @ h5 r% D1 D7 @
Physical Intervention2 i5 Y6 o* Y: A9 m8 L0 q
162. Sit-in
+ j# f$ p3 x- B& [' _ 163. Stand-in2 b! w4 o0 @& ^9 z& d' j# @
164. Ride-in+ b, V; A+ t6 [# W
165. Wade-in. a. b$ g# V& h; x& q
166. Mill-in
6 }. _! g# s' ?; b9 e3 S 167. Pray-in6 Z1 O1 \% Y$ K0 r) e& g
168. Nonviolent raids" h2 S. n( l' A1 R
169. Nonviolent air raids% V; g- p% o7 ^- F3 A- \! V
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 M3 y) r2 Y+ h' s& r 171. Nonviolent interjection
. g4 P' w& h/ J+ g8 b* ?5 i 172. Nonviolent obstruction
' m, N5 Q! x% p4 D/ b 173. Nonviolent occupation6 Y* b# [/ W" r* y2 @1 H
0 b2 }# y1 Q8 k. ?- \; R- f6 cSocial Intervention
! E3 ?5 X" W+ ]- ?6 O- m/ i) H4 c 174. Establishing new social patterns
' T' I- U' Z$ q/ R8 j3 } 175. Overloading of facilities; K5 a9 l* z9 {( e& p
176. Stall-in1 l% ?+ g0 D! p, P
177. Speak-in
: V3 ~# D5 \5 T7 [6 v 178. Guerrilla theater; N# n! }9 L' b5 u
179. Alternative social institutions+ }! j1 \5 R8 ]. m9 l. b9 I
180. Alternative communication system3 t! m9 Z# F5 w0 l
, V9 B- _8 J5 mEconomic Intervention( R2 z* l4 }3 e- E
181. Reverse strike
! A( r( d& X$ O/ c: R# b1 n0 @ 182. Stay-in strike5 F9 f1 n- f7 _" S" x$ H
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 O# [8 k! G4 I+ ^" o 184. Defiance of blockades$ L8 n1 D/ e* ]8 X3 t
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 x( ?# ~, G/ @' [1 }
186. Preclusive purchasing. z! f* r0 |. H. ]+ n
187. Seizure of assets3 Z2 L( W/ N# \# o/ u7 H, L6 C: e
188. Dumping
1 i8 @2 t4 p8 p& m- i: |6 X9 B2 ]7 s( q 189. Selective patronage
- w, l; c. X' t) m) o6 ] 190. Alternative markets& c3 E$ N& H* A- ^4 r% X( h
191. Alternative transportation systems) u% D% b! V' e8 w
192. Alternative economic institutions* d u* C& {: Z3 E$ e) O( V4 b
; Y. ~0 t( p) n1 oPolitical Intervention W G* o( Y0 X
193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ K# [$ _8 c, E8 I7 M 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents K4 g" X/ ~$ Z' ?4 v: [
195. Seeking imprisonment, t" h5 P) ]' W2 v- T) T+ @& i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 y2 m6 R* t0 i: L8 f
197. Work-on without collaboration* c) C4 D( S& n
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
