 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 ~) q4 u, Q. q* _% g' n
Formal Statements8 w [9 J; _, e
1. Public Speeches& Q* w% g8 \; }& j. t q: ^
2. Letters of opposition or support* S9 x& J! b/ k+ \% R
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, M2 l6 U5 h, i6 Q& G 4. Signed public statements
0 t/ B! w0 m" i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 l7 r: n" I4 l% f5 K 6. Group or mass petitions: L2 o1 ]# Q0 s! A0 @
+ u) K0 I0 h& e8 Q( YCommunications with a Wider Audience( j( Q6 v. y* K# H% |
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 h! Z% e) v. \ K) _8 J& v! M' h
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! \& u0 \2 e/ P/ \: |
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: k9 W6 L& x$ ~2 l8 T7 Q/ f 10. Newspapers and journals
( Y3 r9 n# |7 |) w; J9 t 11. Records, radio, and television
& G" S) M2 i- {, D% c7 _ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 Y- s5 t+ M% b" F' w _1 r
+ e9 @; A! [5 r; n8 S( I( H
Group Representations
# T h% g ~& ~: ?" e y1 A% ] 13. Deputations
1 L' o: Q8 \" |2 V 14. Mock awards! T- z- U+ `' e! r2 A
15. Group lobbying
/ x8 @+ X1 Y# z; g y+ o+ Y# [ 16. Picketing
6 S3 l! U) {! c6 W# R9 {" I% t6 U 17. Mock elections: K; B# _7 o& {
& y8 [2 M; k# L; w
Symbolic Public Acts" O7 T/ o3 H' s' q0 e' z9 f5 e. \% N
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 a: d; C8 Y; C& e0 B- P
19. Wearing of symbols; ]' m( N$ P% N' H, z" O
20. Prayer and worship
) Y9 n" i. C0 o( f: ? 21. Delivering symbolic objects) Y% Z0 i4 S; M, Q8 b
22. Protest disrobings; H6 e! C7 U$ W# c1 K, J
23. Destruction of own property
/ I# @! d1 S: ~9 ]+ K) L 24. Symbolic lights: z; {0 j* m: [1 F/ R8 M/ G
25. Displays of portraits
1 e1 v" D, _* T 26. Paint as protest
w8 f7 O3 z( y8 l1 a 27. New signs and names3 z+ w: @% b* n- O% I; b+ {
28. Symbolic sounds
# X! ?) P# O. j' q 29. Symbolic reclamations
* c3 t: [4 s- @# g 30. Rude gestures9 J9 G. d2 g$ t# v) T4 @+ X& n
' _- q) W! o: W- F$ l& ^Pressures on Individuals( j( ]7 D2 G2 j# I& r4 ~. ~
31. “Haunting” officials
7 U% A3 N4 u: l( m9 ~1 y9 m% y 32. Taunting officials6 P! \, W9 g6 j+ w
33. Fraternization
( i+ Y K9 _+ {- O 34. Vigils
. r! P' ]& r: e, _& _! ?7 Z y8 b
Drama and Music. o: Q, ^9 Z8 a7 Z! f! u$ \
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ m# }$ h4 O+ m2 Z
36. Performances of plays and music% T }. p& S$ l X* B. J/ W4 O
37. Singing
+ l; ^4 V, e+ S* [8 S
, t5 N' j, d0 I3 \- x, X$ ]8 XProcessions) q2 Y+ r3 \/ U8 O" i8 q
38. Marches( g7 Z6 |# K/ r
39. Parades
" M4 I* M$ N5 r8 F 40. Religious processions
1 K1 w5 X( E e J* ?% M' v2 U 41. Pilgrimages$ ^& i" N( @4 O! r7 f( j
42. Motorcades
" o" ]9 N5 z& s+ T8 h6 J9 u9 q" {: Y- s; T( e0 v; Z# }7 M* V7 H& Y' L
Honoring the Dead; l7 j% v7 B2 _+ S' }' ^. I
43. Political mourning
) B1 ]! |& L, [4 A; v5 L4 D 44. Mock funerals
- m I/ j$ c$ ^* P5 _ 45. Demonstrative funerals
1 L( q6 I0 Z1 {9 J; M# E 46. Homage at burial places
W5 Q6 v6 y4 V! @. X% L
! E. T" y- N6 f9 ]" W7 `) CPublic Assemblies
( G0 k$ |3 e4 I; k 47. Assemblies of protest or support! X7 R* U3 |* K1 c9 u5 U& a- R& Z" o
48. Protest meetings
& F% V- K4 G. w* d/ ]7 ^ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 o+ P: a: c$ a7 Q; T- c 50. Teach-ins8 f; L+ i4 a0 f# A% \
2 ~0 @+ M' B3 h" sWithdrawal and Renunciation# I, \# B/ k. A- G
51. Walk-outs
( n* o! V$ g! A' @. c3 j( |: h 52. Silence
. a/ M$ O* l2 @4 Y: _$ `7 _ 53. Renouncing honors( U8 k; Y- D; a1 ]0 w2 `- S
54. Turning one’s back7 c7 a' S' A$ y0 T+ C. p
; W" u* H! z I
4 n A5 q; ]0 A7 I; ^
- M7 [" v# r% m2 nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* P+ m2 j: ?* o
! q- q: P6 @$ i' q. r9 R% v
3 u, ?5 N9 [' Z% Z1 f; v5 D1 q$ T/ {# {- j" B5 ]
Ostracism of Persons$ M8 n& ?7 \ N7 |% }/ F& O
55. Social boycott7 J/ r( s, I( g7 G! ]
56. Selective social boycott
, m7 e& \* ]. i6 H0 q 57. Lysistratic nonaction! [1 c2 [) `7 H
58. Excommunication: _ c3 n( M8 p5 b3 ?3 q) Q+ S4 T- ?
59. Interdict
" g8 J- S1 {2 {% @* Z
; [0 J4 Z5 r) l* y x7 BNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, M% `" O |' V R0 F) y/ ` 60. Suspension of social and sports activities Y% f3 ^# X: l3 z
61. Boycott of social affairs4 i( P9 `2 i- B
62. Student strike
2 C) I5 g0 a# G. m) _) J 63. Social disobedience
0 u) n( B9 I6 O8 ~: [ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions' h3 m8 w1 v- } z- x" N+ M7 n
) ]* n) r) E1 N4 B
Withdrawal from the Social System+ c* R% _( s9 z; k1 c" \4 Z: J) j
65. Stay-at-home
& ^1 {+ Y- I5 o. O9 H 66. Total personal noncooperation
0 R% ]! d3 T: e4 e, q 67. “Flight” of workers
5 J V1 T: P4 u( H# d 68. Sanctuary
: y1 a+ S% E8 K& @8 }4 H( l 69. Collective disappearance
: r" w1 {; D- @8 C' Y! ?; k5 h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ ?( B" \& |% b' z+ [# ?! H2 A& c8 ]4 U" C
; a; }3 Y4 u6 @" d7 r
0 q9 w' J3 d/ y: h* k
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
( F' c: m( G. c7 t2 f e
. M$ Y0 R) V: z- y: g3 x6 ~0 N
: V. ?% I- d% I: oActions by Consumers; N5 T$ f: D/ a
71. Consumers’ boycott% T+ [% p8 \2 Q6 G& U3 r( Q, n
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: B4 D9 ~/ G0 k1 E
73. Policy of austerity1 n* v4 C5 ^/ y- ^: S
74. Rent withholding
0 _# L; k& v% E1 ] 75. Refusal to rent
9 ^& B8 ~% f& A' f 76. National consumers’ boycott! |1 @& n& |' W% I
77. International consumers’ boycott# m# q; V- H( V7 e6 y5 N
7 ]; L( X `5 ^' @
Action by Workers and Producers
: L( e9 d" N# D 78. Workmen’s boycott, ]) ?- g0 K, u* y }
79. Producers’ boycott( I3 y/ k M. ]) I! ^" R8 _( h9 I
3 ~$ `/ ^3 J2 x ~% n( QAction by Middlemen
; w: n( v$ @7 K# }& a/ e 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
, l, S m/ U6 G; @9 Z3 s
3 b+ l% q# I- z0 X) AAction by Owners and Management. Z& d7 h5 o( H' @# V& z$ O
81. Traders’ boycott
9 V) M9 p9 R! e* R# r9 D( J 82. Refusal to let or sell property/ J7 P' s( f7 o3 W+ [- e7 H, ^
83. Lockout6 H, u' [ D* x9 d* O( |, e: {1 Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ \+ a* F! `! J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* _4 b" ]! e% d2 ~2 }' w- [$ i' {. J, W
4 o3 Z' V4 A* K4 T: H6 d& [Action by Holders of Financial Resources. ~. Z9 w' M9 F. B4 ?4 ?- B
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 ^% N; o! V* ]" ^) f1 f; l z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& W( `8 L6 O/ o1 o7 C 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 v- X& x0 K/ W. G2 ]- F* S* }5 D3 W
89. Severance of funds and credit
+ {9 C- \9 z b0 Y. L 90. Revenue refusal
1 `7 u6 P. G8 n7 ` J8 P 91. Refusal of a government’s money: K0 y0 ~: Y: G% Y- S
! B, J2 q0 g6 U4 O9 m! S! m
Action by Governments
$ W0 @& u% x( X, @ 92. Domestic embargo
+ Z Y% p" N& k4 W- A 93. Blacklisting of traders
1 @0 q) k/ |' W: |! M 94. International sellers’ embargo
+ A! x& [0 @1 k; B! X" `0 Y 95. International buyers’ embargo
. F1 O9 B& `1 S" s: a8 ] 96. International trade embargo2 i' y! K# ~( L: [. z& o' g# x6 r
) `: w y$ g; i- D
7 p# Z& m) `- ^& L# m* U6 X; C2 [
+ e& h5 L; c% H) J; J. G1 Y. R" w, b
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 d: s, Z3 T2 H8 w. }" Y
. L+ x$ D$ I6 t- S+ F4 R
, i3 y& O" K" KSymbolic Strikes5 G$ m& }4 Y& k; @+ j
97. Protest strike5 ^& H- \4 o+ Y/ j) `
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 Q! f! D8 H _. F2 X8 B" L& w
3 j4 A' M# f3 U% e; M7 KAgricultural Strikes
* b. w0 l ?% K) E6 f E 99. Peasant strike C$ u/ F! j/ t* V/ @
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 L R8 Y' A' c0 [, g7 g& `9 v
: K- X7 t( B/ r6 V8 ?# DStrikes by Special Groups
& o2 p' G' a! y! Z& S' D 101. Refusal of impressed labor+ w1 F5 C1 e/ x2 P. r+ u8 z# Z
102. Prisoners’ strike0 d7 d$ K9 Y$ V5 t
103. Craft strike
I3 ~( b2 X; r; m7 I8 Y 104. Professional strike+ ?* p, S) t ^, i: F
# C4 d# C% R4 [7 ~Ordinary Industrial Strikes' W, R" D& j6 x2 Y
105. Establishment strike
( _! N x4 _/ s) ~- U 106. Industry strike
3 M% o4 ^6 N* W 107. Sympathetic strike
- [% z: S+ Q" [1 j; p3 B
2 ^$ Z& g( v# V1 E! iRestricted Strikes
+ V' k) [& P" ?. @8 t+ X6 e 108. Detailed strike% T+ Q* t9 P- r: @
109. Bumper strike1 ~" i1 c6 E* |" A$ E. Q
110. Slowdown strike
, E; d p/ J9 }" ~6 s2 b 111. Working-to-rule strike1 K# x: M8 M, W: n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ _$ D/ n' f4 V 113. Strike by resignation
( J/ \8 U- f2 [6 ?, n& {; R 114. Limited strike5 m. y4 d! K7 \% X+ o8 h. b
115. Selective strike9 J) u* R/ b7 @& a$ U3 Z% O
8 P) ?. S& Z9 D: i% z, I" {) z
Multi-Industry Strikes; V0 b* K$ s% E x3 p5 j
, G' b( F `, l 116. Generalized strike* }" v& D4 u; L( d: y/ m
* g e/ W1 z4 h4 A" d: p1 r$ l2 s 117. General strike
9 e8 u5 Q; N( W% d5 y! v' a' k; _) F9 z7 {* B. m6 {& I
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. g- s6 h( q* s
* f- A6 }2 e& u7 t 118. Hartal
4 z) H% N* Q9 ]; B$ T9 d1 s: e! O( g3 @4 i4 @/ F5 P
119. Economic shutdown
6 A E5 k% s! u, b. F. D
2 C1 b3 Q8 \/ ~: e
8 R. E8 [ F6 h0 m2 {( H
+ x6 T7 F2 M' p3 JTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
6 R- {$ _8 O7 u" l
4 L, T7 j# E& ]) j4 T9 a 2 @) W0 B* T, @2 l# I( G
Rejection of Authority
* g$ h' ^0 X: N5 ^7 b5 M+ G 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; t6 r! ?( I' C( F$ a+ F% A* A- s' a 121. Refusal of public support
3 l o) A$ D" [0 A; \/ r8 N 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 b; b; m1 H3 J0 {3 G; p
$ Y. {8 Q7 P& s8 u) Y$ uCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government" f6 J0 S; M: i- \5 K! X- T3 j
123. Boycott of legislative bodies: d) m" b% o. ?/ l! v- w) x
124. Boycott of elections! H$ g# K0 S9 A% m& ]! g X% v# h# i2 \
125. Boycott of government employment and positions) s2 `( f& u0 a5 K2 ]
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) ]2 x( D5 I/ \6 t4 T: T3 u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, K$ _* T" m1 Q7 h0 z" O# i 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ E5 Q y. r/ c8 h$ s2 W; U 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 R! ~" W3 W6 m. c
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 J* |& J K; Z- ^+ T! ^% o8 B% y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ e y9 s% u* @ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 ?- [( v" M- Q7 b* E& i$ D$ J; b$ K& }+ w( K& e, H- v6 H8 p5 Z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* m0 y/ q+ K! c# s6 q1 R( W+ J
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 o2 J, p- e7 v: d) X4 s 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 T! S& M: W2 H7 D" A* D
135. Popular nonobedience
0 R+ q8 k' F% H 136. Disguised disobedience
4 [; V3 v( [* C. g" a2 t 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% C9 y# L% }" x2 a5 u" c 138. Sitdown8 |! W: k) }. J! i, N+ G- F; H
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; U* a# N1 d! S: O4 F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 z: L4 s3 r' e4 H& g/ W
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 S6 F r5 z5 M3 F
( O* L- r+ ]! w6 _3 o5 M/ q
Action by Government Personnel
6 V( |, L8 B9 j 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 S) D! h4 ? a d 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 }+ Y" R+ \6 s5 ^; b; W, q 144. Stalling and obstruction: q, J# b" x, Z6 L: j! q: ~
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ w7 f' i3 i/ a5 t/ q
- n3 L2 D$ e9 v& O: Z 146. Judicial noncooperation5 _! ?7 [. G h% E
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 V* r. e7 R' S. {1 o 148. Mutiny( W7 [5 V" M6 x$ [0 A3 O; e
Domestic Governmental Action
9 h/ N7 v( G, S9 ?* l 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 ~8 y" f5 X8 o* ~9 _
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. @ r% o! `# B
( |5 _" G8 R/ V9 W: y, DInternational Governmental Action% c1 D4 p8 c2 h0 R. d* Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" P8 A/ w O C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 c; X1 p* g. C: s 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; J0 R" I k* q: D, w; P 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" @; n& g% L, g/ q0 {! x! q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations) X) f3 C" u3 s) D8 n% Z- @8 C+ m
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) M$ t. X; n& T4 F+ Z+ G
157. Expulsion from international organizations
9 L+ c B! o4 {, O6 G3 V1 ?
% z8 L5 _' t/ `5 n 0 C6 o) c) I& I) t
1 y5 P$ s, ]% q' z1 q' ^THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- q, A# B _6 ?6 D& i& C
' W: W9 k9 Y2 a. V
9 u; k' ?% |: B; T* B n
Psychological Intervention* o- }# y M' E$ @' |: c
158. Self-exposure to the elements( z; x. H, N4 y \
159. The fast
6 M6 C6 J T3 O( j# o a) Fast of moral pressure
$ V8 z2 O7 l7 f. ~( {8 k# A5 k5 d b) Hunger strike( }$ |5 B9 x q
c) Satyagrahic fast
9 T* g6 }" U# E, }* d0 n 160. Reverse trial
5 {* N$ z0 j; [$ s* C$ D 161. Nonviolent harassment
2 v6 ~1 s0 D3 D, h0 i: M! [: n; z! T% W8 W7 H
Physical Intervention+ @ F, a4 X2 h
162. Sit-in
" y% z$ `8 o" A" N! b 163. Stand-in
7 ?, g' n; `) R7 G& w 164. Ride-in
2 e4 f* D: @+ n 165. Wade-in
" ~# e- }2 z. c/ d 166. Mill-in
* @+ I7 }. K, i+ M1 E b 167. Pray-in
3 \. t3 x0 q6 @% {% A0 s 168. Nonviolent raids% g9 ~/ }2 ~3 r& E$ c4 p
169. Nonviolent air raids; S& N1 b' m& E& b
170. Nonviolent invasion
, C" m O% q8 V 171. Nonviolent interjection' f% \6 H) F0 Z+ P& Y
172. Nonviolent obstruction4 I# ?( q! }. a) U( D
173. Nonviolent occupation
+ {! @: B* ^" l5 c4 V# x7 |4 T' _# W! T& E9 o
Social Intervention
% e. s e4 E i- T 174. Establishing new social patterns% G- k+ f0 ^' }# P! K/ N" V& F9 U
175. Overloading of facilities8 O9 d$ L/ _ m0 I# F( |
176. Stall-in! h6 U& `/ J l+ j) F$ H
177. Speak-in7 f1 S4 ]0 [7 x3 R) D# I
178. Guerrilla theater& N1 b6 a1 M) \! Z
179. Alternative social institutions
3 N# c9 `; a5 k' Q) ?( x 180. Alternative communication system" k/ L8 P3 a2 N- r& t8 V
( A) x4 @ j/ G9 U0 q: \+ |: hEconomic Intervention
& d% ~0 _) i3 \9 \' p9 z$ Y 181. Reverse strike
; M0 p! [; Z# `& u& e 182. Stay-in strike* ]1 H; s7 }; ~ D" r
183. Nonviolent land seizure: F3 ^0 I8 |. C% g$ z
184. Defiance of blockades9 |* B1 e6 q! @ r. n* ?, i
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, F4 @( |: {8 f; k$ H8 C2 i; y
186. Preclusive purchasing
9 H' g) H; l4 q1 t) ^7 a; j 187. Seizure of assets
1 j0 F2 j, \% \ j3 {; @2 c 188. Dumping# y; C1 E/ ]3 Y+ r1 g$ w. ~/ ]; G7 I
189. Selective patronage
9 q \: }7 O V0 A" t$ v$ Q7 T 190. Alternative markets( Q' Q9 g# i( u; X' }! }
191. Alternative transportation systems/ R0 ~' \! A, Y' s# l7 V9 I
192. Alternative economic institutions
^# @% g3 @, |: v9 T P
# J0 Z2 d \4 K2 h( ^Political Intervention( W, P( n5 [. R' N) ?; \: r9 E& C
193. Overloading of administrative systems
) s P* x5 B% G+ A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 }* a- Y$ l( ^! _ 195. Seeking imprisonment% @- T1 j }. R8 _
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 |1 D$ a# C1 L/ H 197. Work-on without collaboration
- t% [% M4 l1 D* M2 B 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
( l% U, I+ d3 H' G; Y" Q% e8 O1 d0 e" [! B
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
