 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 W, k! l* W5 m) [& jFormal Statements, q& f2 N; K* Y( y9 m; M$ K
1. Public Speeches
/ @$ o% q; H- z @ 2. Letters of opposition or support
) i* Z+ C, M# j* i 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
2 D) F' x" ^( Y) u: U2 N 4. Signed public statements
* R4 g t2 N7 h7 l% A9 h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: D2 e+ ?0 O: [' \4 S 6. Group or mass petitions" m2 v# I: v) G/ k
( }0 G5 J* V2 r* TCommunications with a Wider Audience; { \( x# Y/ `! _% Z7 y9 w4 l
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 @. Z/ J0 G4 `, E8 e! S' a$ X' N
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 N, W$ n7 ~: \
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( t$ Z9 W0 w- L! I! \ 10. Newspapers and journals- j+ ?3 n8 S5 b8 m
11. Records, radio, and television
6 C+ L$ o [( w 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- U! c+ Q4 c. D0 B9 c. M* z* z% J2 @4 f% X" Z( W5 @% g$ z% b
Group Representations
" [6 G" E3 C0 P9 F4 ~ 13. Deputations
" L y( F/ t* I+ Q 14. Mock awards* ` ?3 E9 t) ?& U, {) S' ?6 F
15. Group lobbying
0 n: x0 Q9 u$ i' C& o0 ?, w! i 16. Picketing+ G5 |1 {5 n6 w
17. Mock elections
! `/ v* f8 E# e `- ^) z6 _7 w' \7 h6 H7 G$ Q$ H. @! e
Symbolic Public Acts
3 Y) h: {1 g* @$ P" b6 H 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ ~0 p" L: X+ \% U 19. Wearing of symbols) F7 f* Y. x& \ s F
20. Prayer and worship5 ^* Y' T! f+ p- u9 ^: p% ?
21. Delivering symbolic objects; X y2 `3 k. c" M8 f! e
22. Protest disrobings
9 J& o9 `( n1 h' f$ L 23. Destruction of own property. u' u! L d3 U
24. Symbolic lights8 |) @' k# S4 r8 I2 }# B
25. Displays of portraits
0 z! ^0 ^5 }3 ~2 {/ \" B! w 26. Paint as protest
+ I$ T! T7 k9 V7 X, V 27. New signs and names
+ G$ {9 K. S0 g# I 28. Symbolic sounds1 M1 k* N9 |3 c3 e- c
29. Symbolic reclamations1 |: R3 B" ~9 f/ D
30. Rude gestures1 R3 S! H' c: Q/ ~
, B" Q5 x. J: g: _' n+ r3 N
Pressures on Individuals& M, s( @7 m8 T: e
31. “Haunting” officials4 y: V$ X7 `% h8 V8 k
32. Taunting officials
/ y2 t7 o& x) X 33. Fraternization
. B" [) U* b" j! }1 u 34. Vigils0 Z, x0 j# R& Y1 x! [8 g' W, Z
5 O( [' m3 b% K6 O7 ^+ a9 u" b& u. ]Drama and Music# |2 s! U, [' n- o9 _5 M4 B
35. Humorous skits and pranks# |" i& ?4 B. n0 O' n( t: r7 q
36. Performances of plays and music
9 R& h0 V9 n# L# x; V 37. Singing; i! c, v/ [6 c) J
4 G! F. W" |9 q, tProcessions
! o9 |8 R/ J, e1 @: s; w- e: W 38. Marches* x; o" E* m+ X1 z, J* b
39. Parades
4 G f2 p6 k" I' G$ l& @3 x 40. Religious processions
' d& W' p. Z+ H/ d; e 41. Pilgrimages5 ^ E7 o. O2 I7 \7 a. ~ i
42. Motorcades
/ G9 ?/ r3 U0 D6 r* w
6 Q7 i) g s3 G4 l5 RHonoring the Dead- A: Q6 Z0 V/ e1 _& o! n# _* J
43. Political mourning
( D6 x6 ^; O9 b 44. Mock funerals3 n1 a' a: i3 @! a A7 } j7 S" B) E
45. Demonstrative funerals
6 {" V. z7 N" U% h! H5 K) ^ 46. Homage at burial places
# G2 D* x* T& [# _
) a2 B1 R: h5 RPublic Assemblies
. D+ `, L$ n3 B7 U 47. Assemblies of protest or support
' e% ?6 C+ [/ W" F5 j3 S0 r 48. Protest meetings
5 R: ~) r/ T5 r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 m$ a) N# d7 h5 q
50. Teach-ins& _1 a) Z" N) w0 v9 z# T& R
E1 |: g+ n; w! P* I' dWithdrawal and Renunciation+ f8 k, o+ _* x$ E
51. Walk-outs
8 [9 Y) u3 L6 _, X: H S 52. Silence' d6 \% M9 }& q* u
53. Renouncing honors. x4 K7 {2 }$ R
54. Turning one’s back f; d/ L* |3 m4 M, v
6 m$ c7 r8 t3 L1 J - Z! t/ p' u: D" f$ h9 F0 P* H+ B
3 S. k. C" D3 c5 [, M
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 u/ A& b( u4 j6 u# j- C h* n' V
6 f7 `) z, r- l
" f- m. k& K: u T: Z: j+ G3 r
Ostracism of Persons, ^ Q7 c, d* u% U+ Z8 b
55. Social boycott; o! X+ R" J6 x3 L" M1 ~1 [) g/ z
56. Selective social boycott
% U: U% M9 P1 l& G. ^1 }/ N1 o 57. Lysistratic nonaction3 s# n w& |$ n" m3 D" L6 p% S
58. Excommunication
+ M- I8 X' G$ c7 [: m" y, C 59. Interdict8 F2 @8 X+ R, i& @
1 W, L+ _8 X; c+ E+ KNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: f: ~+ U) V% H1 n6 |3 m- X* o 60. Suspension of social and sports activities( z, T0 E( `' \1 I
61. Boycott of social affairs
8 h% ]& k# @7 e" H6 [ 62. Student strike, T8 i, i' I; ?3 }- f! |+ i! c
63. Social disobedience3 \( b7 f* K/ [: d! Q" }0 v
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
" C0 s' [2 g* p* P0 X: T; E- s T4 G8 |, U2 W. `# J
Withdrawal from the Social System# e0 d; \8 g& i( }/ v8 q
65. Stay-at-home
" e, t& D4 r$ {1 z 66. Total personal noncooperation
0 |' P: j- ~( F$ [# |& ]+ T 67. “Flight” of workers
5 v' @ N z5 M! y; X Z9 a 68. Sanctuary
6 N9 \ T+ I) C5 f! [- P 69. Collective disappearance
6 Z1 _6 ]7 R* O# R- ^, r 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 D, O+ E1 B9 p W. p8 q- P/ U1 {" l% E! f
% ~0 ?* {7 w/ V$ g3 k5 ^3 U
% Q6 ^- R+ c& m8 F) u. YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
2 P& `! q4 k+ n5 R, U* q
9 l' l p% G: W% m& [8 V5 M , k+ ]6 j6 S3 K) d+ a
Actions by Consumers1 @5 D, o7 C3 J$ M( ^" {
71. Consumers’ boycott
* w7 ~& X! w0 `6 c, d9 o6 W 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" |& ?0 x9 f. z8 g3 b
73. Policy of austerity
9 s" O# A. o( v, E: r* Q! ? 74. Rent withholding6 z, k/ }) }4 l) k% b ?/ L3 u
75. Refusal to rent& \ M4 c1 q3 N! a9 s. d
76. National consumers’ boycott
( i C' g- p, F, a& |) Z( `/ N h! n* d1 f 77. International consumers’ boycott
9 o5 |7 `8 B( @9 O# m" ^0 R* f1 A7 g# @2 s5 c
Action by Workers and Producers5 e8 z0 _# I. s! I+ \6 d
78. Workmen’s boycott
" u$ {4 ] q& K% b4 F9 R$ [" o$ I# ? 79. Producers’ boycott6 j0 x5 h+ ]4 S% n4 `
/ a( Y; W# K! p6 G: O% w
Action by Middlemen( A! T8 x1 `) e8 k
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' Q- j9 c4 c' c" g& G
9 P x- s8 o. P1 c& |& \5 U9 z- j) b% i
Action by Owners and Management- r* _" P R+ ?8 |* M
81. Traders’ boycott
0 i/ u9 ], V5 X/ v% q 82. Refusal to let or sell property6 z& v& _9 i/ K1 c( _' A
83. Lockout
: p/ @1 i' L, e t1 O 84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 s* o2 L+ g$ F w1 b" ^
85. Merchants’ “general strike”8 }- |: m& S+ L
# @, `. l5 ]! d" W
Action by Holders of Financial Resources S6 Y ^: P) F+ T/ S
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" J/ o( j/ l8 l. Y p5 v 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 A% `& Z$ _2 B: K0 p7 L
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 E! w; z2 n% B
89. Severance of funds and credit
- I0 ^5 ~1 G$ E7 P9 C" y/ ~1 n 90. Revenue refusal
, G! U: l p* B6 j7 C# u. M 91. Refusal of a government’s money, H3 e1 Z2 P. t. s6 a7 G4 s
9 Z9 c) w; d3 lAction by Governments
" O# U$ s: X' T& x6 m: \ 92. Domestic embargo5 W) R4 E2 a) Y4 P% M8 N- c
93. Blacklisting of traders
4 z1 i& P- K& b. T 94. International sellers’ embargo2 j2 D7 A. S. c Z
95. International buyers’ embargo' P/ o4 m' O& A# ?0 M
96. International trade embargo+ ?$ W) P$ ?; C, Y- b" r
' v4 U# B$ n, c
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) `8 \' A) h- q, w9 {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* T1 r# s2 k1 S. s7 u$ a# ~: d( ?, j1 B5 M7 W8 I; M2 ^" Z
9 C x L; ]7 Z M& G QSymbolic Strikes
9 l$ @3 M7 D, p% Y7 o( | 97. Protest strike# ^+ _# D4 T! I1 b9 f9 G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ j+ C9 @* G% P8 h
. V% F% |) @+ k$ V
Agricultural Strikes v) P( `. z( Y3 V
99. Peasant strike
: B% i9 \3 j8 Y5 t7 G: d6 Y( ? 100. Farm Workers’ strike
" s% a/ c& T6 F) s+ K, }" L2 N6 u# \4 [
Strikes by Special Groups
$ H1 O; ? I. ~; }% Y) u) o 101. Refusal of impressed labor
( q, j, P2 J! {- q: L# a 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ R1 y3 b2 N" o) G- Y& y 103. Craft strike
" `) t' ?; o. t$ q$ |9 F" F7 X* x 104. Professional strike( _+ p: n4 u& g8 t/ D# e+ B: L
& L' n" s' `; T1 ^; ?
Ordinary Industrial Strikes, J) [/ K5 B* r. |$ b9 ~
105. Establishment strike
) Q- O9 y7 {( @( W6 R) L 106. Industry strike+ ^# q) y, K$ \ a
107. Sympathetic strike& w+ X% T# U3 P X
: ~: f" r* Q2 @* t* H
Restricted Strikes" P4 x3 x/ A2 U' j
108. Detailed strike
! Q; V! [( `! X5 I0 s7 ~ 109. Bumper strike
& E1 L0 y5 @9 `( {) z- v. m& `9 D2 C 110. Slowdown strike6 n/ W& H4 p1 e% `6 P) A, r! a
111. Working-to-rule strike1 Y4 O0 I) T$ J+ U7 ~! U
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- W. m4 O* Y0 t$ T' u2 @. [) v
113. Strike by resignation6 X" ?1 Y$ V/ z, |1 F# b
114. Limited strike, A, [# O; W& o; R% K( W
115. Selective strike
* `. h) J4 H* ^+ Y7 }' j, f
3 b5 B9 t3 Y9 p; }Multi-Industry Strikes
" t% ]9 u$ r7 m r4 x0 [! @' q/ g
116. Generalized strike
, c. @' u0 b& ?, C: p" V4 n# @9 f# j1 j& \% T3 ?: _
117. General strike
) @: S6 u' U/ C% E2 ]) U9 C+ e. `8 x3 u7 j6 Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ C4 u: Y( f7 Y; ?$ l2 C; Q% p
: H9 ]/ s" @* j2 E2 [ 118. Hartal/ K- L& x0 I7 P w! ^
' G8 \: k7 N6 a2 O/ G# X4 E! I3 M B$ P 119. Economic shutdown9 }( v/ o+ ^% E" }& c- H0 [
( X4 J( M- I ] 8 g+ q( l* u( k9 ~' u: [2 P" D
" {" ~$ t4 k$ u# C1 tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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7 H# O4 K$ j9 ZRejection of Authority
* m/ Y& N5 v3 o2 V0 \ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 _0 V- h/ M) ~2 q
121. Refusal of public support0 }) E7 |& C1 a0 F! i1 t& s
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ U( Z% }. a3 o; u
7 Z; }! O& F- l$ `4 j
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- g( J. j, _- \* ?8 s9 I+ v5 B: r
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ o2 J0 I% B) R+ o+ E1 c) F 124. Boycott of elections
+ |, r7 M7 l; X 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& {3 n$ C; f- ^2 g 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& _/ V: ?6 t. _# s4 g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* e3 f" z# W/ j% F0 i" j L/ P 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# Y: v. u+ m6 B1 v2 p# H/ O
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: ^4 K8 `* A2 z( E; t3 v
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- ^$ M% j5 X& c" X* R 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. {' J5 p, z/ n( R 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& e3 x& f- G0 |1 e9 I8 Q/ r& c
; o2 _# G! s, X5 `+ h5 p6 j
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ h c3 i7 b3 ]
133. Reluctant and slow compliance: U/ L' ~- _8 `+ Z8 H9 c. ?
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 T- l/ M2 H, {" q. i* q
135. Popular nonobedience/ N! W8 t: R. f; ?3 U! o4 h
136. Disguised disobedience
9 m" i7 O8 X/ H! T 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ P! g; O, _, ] X' J* d9 ] 138. Sitdown5 _) e/ W' I* A% O9 P8 f
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 x) J- ^% u" I5 O2 H) W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* T2 F- \. V' P/ l- ~0 j7 ^% [6 C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' e$ p4 U; \) m0 U8 `+ o* C
( h/ K% [' I, w. d3 _Action by Government Personnel% m& c; U2 v0 j9 U
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 I) b& s4 Q$ E 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) L7 T% H! n2 H0 k$ A7 D 144. Stalling and obstruction
- u1 w( D; c2 G2 w) L A 145. General administrative noncooperation
$ y9 u6 s* c0 \. i2 H' Q; W9 B$ M2 W
2 b8 ?% w0 Y5 j! R 146. Judicial noncooperation) l3 k3 R3 m; o6 n) Y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 T7 `/ d8 B! ~
148. Mutiny
' a5 w4 u1 d' X7 P6 C0 Z. O) JDomestic Governmental Action% O- u- _5 e. |9 \) q" C0 M/ {$ R
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ P+ M' w4 b! L& Q7 N8 d \" [ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ P) Q& O0 x0 ]1 g
3 ]0 p' x7 q' E1 r& X5 PInternational Governmental Action. W& `" w: `" n( L
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; W( t1 W- b$ {
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 R7 p/ O5 L& u) D" k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& }3 b' }8 ^7 p, U* c 154. Severance of diplomatic relations) s# @. Z9 ?3 @8 X& U6 \% R; Q1 M
155. Withdrawal from international organizations. j c6 Z3 F$ g' {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies K! x' F2 k4 z- r. a0 S4 I+ v
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% v6 X4 ?! @& I% I; w( l) g, i6 S" g# \/ B7 p
7 C% t- \' W2 j7 V& j% v/ T; C/ V* b8 ^/ J; R
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
# o# f0 @6 T4 k3 p% j1 Q; M- H$ T; G" G
- l; y6 T5 ?7 P# B% f0 ^8 r
Psychological Intervention
5 D, ^, v+ j5 R( G* g 158. Self-exposure to the elements( W) c8 S! t1 \* {( r
159. The fast3 j6 b1 Q9 G Z4 r
a) Fast of moral pressure) ~6 S& q) O) H+ ~
b) Hunger strike
7 {1 ^- T5 _, M/ F" R& v c) Satyagrahic fast
0 ~2 g3 H4 j g: t# f 160. Reverse trial& G7 d3 h6 T! a" y- `
161. Nonviolent harassment$ U2 @# c2 o& R) v3 `
' O/ a4 q( u6 w' ?8 {
Physical Intervention
2 N/ W6 R( U; X, u 162. Sit-in Y2 I! G! }. y1 f, q5 ~
163. Stand-in& P% t0 Z% X# z( D$ k& I+ e B% n* s
164. Ride-in3 _ ?/ c4 M$ \
165. Wade-in W+ w' [! i, ~! J& t; q( u
166. Mill-in, I: c$ P- t" b) A' E3 b, ?' M
167. Pray-in
: t0 E& Q f$ ]2 N8 u" A 168. Nonviolent raids+ @2 N3 E) O4 [% T3 b: C+ T
169. Nonviolent air raids# l* n* w0 N& y% j; _
170. Nonviolent invasion
. i& e) f. c) U- | 171. Nonviolent interjection
, g3 s6 I- q# h/ B1 |# n! b 172. Nonviolent obstruction
( J0 ?2 M- _$ ^6 B; O& \ 173. Nonviolent occupation
8 W b0 u( |& u( i, j$ m8 O" m* n$ z2 Z6 h' S( n }
Social Intervention
6 P& w; ^9 h" k% l 174. Establishing new social patterns4 G# j7 O! l6 t' z! e
175. Overloading of facilities5 H7 r4 f( W# K A1 X/ m5 z
176. Stall-in) L: [$ y1 O) g7 B4 ^0 l3 ^8 a
177. Speak-in6 d9 O. q+ P" x$ u+ m
178. Guerrilla theater
+ Y6 b$ j" W# _! m+ y' f0 M. j6 { 179. Alternative social institutions8 T! A% F1 k# N" O7 r
180. Alternative communication system
) T' b( e& c' k! Z7 Y" q
4 j8 W" g( _5 c, s. H8 P( qEconomic Intervention
1 @; y. ~% w: J; d 181. Reverse strike: D" ]& h' K K; Y
182. Stay-in strike
, j3 O: v) ~% |6 b) |: y+ v1 i 183. Nonviolent land seizure& i/ L5 ]" L6 Z- V/ j
184. Defiance of blockades
- X, E) ~9 F% d7 H4 J* _ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting h s6 b2 P; A l2 g$ ~
186. Preclusive purchasing* J. }' d0 j, F! m7 E
187. Seizure of assets
1 Y+ |" N! f H1 w5 b% m- S 188. Dumping
& N9 `1 }/ i, ~ 189. Selective patronage
# @3 w8 |) Y- [' A: t 190. Alternative markets$ n x" C; J; N5 {
191. Alternative transportation systems% [8 R" r0 K1 b1 `" V
192. Alternative economic institutions
- V, c: C# T# @1 I' k9 \
+ n0 a0 q+ v/ |2 m( }; ?+ Y2 [* i! t( uPolitical Intervention
; i1 \9 U! D: \5 ^6 q# F: ] 193. Overloading of administrative systems
X+ c# I8 J ~. n 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, _, W+ m9 \( B6 m) d5 g8 T3 o! e
195. Seeking imprisonment; W* j5 G' J; e1 f% B4 w+ y& H
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 Q8 w) \& k$ u& Z+ [8 G) v
197. Work-on without collaboration
! S/ n, M5 e6 L; b; v5 M% W 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
