 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, I7 t" i* Y3 |/ [# X3 A- ^+ y! ^; [9 `Formal Statements, T% l, `& m& u% {
1. Public Speeches( l% ]# [8 F& s! E" z
2. Letters of opposition or support+ G1 e# Z. t; N; I$ L3 r
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; k! r) o9 w5 V" q) F: d 4. Signed public statements
& S4 _; a/ D; s3 B2 [3 E0 z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention# W: q7 o8 G' t! b9 v. r
6. Group or mass petitions9 b/ I. i y- T: W+ W2 ?
M) W- L. r7 ACommunications with a Wider Audience
; _; B2 |' d! F& O7 P! | 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, p0 P5 q0 A3 f f 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# Y' B; H1 {+ `4 b6 k 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 \+ p8 l) q" N# c
10. Newspapers and journals
/ t. _4 g/ S( n+ V/ C( Q' n8 _/ B 11. Records, radio, and television- A+ F, z7 x: P4 d5 Y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# q$ G4 T/ z) c$ l. L8 z
$ T( b& O$ p: V+ ?9 V3 UGroup Representations
) u. {; b3 [2 D% j" k 13. Deputations, B: r& Z* m" a, Z! ]5 b/ Z/ {5 {
14. Mock awards4 M7 h1 `1 F* u# l* {
15. Group lobbying
9 U1 c, ^- C; c, t$ ~3 C- ?+ Q- ^ 16. Picketing
2 c* f& W1 ]( v/ a: L4 @ 17. Mock elections
O7 n0 J: |+ u, x: \4 i
8 A: d7 M" H2 l* L& }' `2 |& ZSymbolic Public Acts; l, b2 u6 ~2 \8 E5 U1 v! c4 i
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, o. h& S6 `& Q9 B" S" k+ {
19. Wearing of symbols E; p) B1 U G, H6 j+ ?- {* ^
20. Prayer and worship
' l. O4 M, {" f8 i0 \0 c3 N 21. Delivering symbolic objects: Q- \% o0 `# x( o. L
22. Protest disrobings+ X4 W- _9 P! O8 C. H* N* P Y8 }
23. Destruction of own property
4 m$ y e# \6 y8 t1 L 24. Symbolic lights( J0 g" C1 c/ O( X7 d6 N# O' [' M
25. Displays of portraits+ [, U: s; L8 V' }
26. Paint as protest; g5 ?/ l5 o( K) s' T
27. New signs and names
+ I- b H4 E+ V! N t" P$ | 28. Symbolic sounds
# ^# ^7 M: t0 a 29. Symbolic reclamations
6 U1 E/ q; E4 I0 k8 G' m+ ? 30. Rude gestures
6 S, [4 @! |; D. f" J Y
0 r: H* Y4 O3 v4 z( O. @0 tPressures on Individuals
4 g" l( L g* I8 E& e' H8 Y; C7 l 31. “Haunting” officials
% l7 V `8 I0 k6 I" A* x4 D) ] 32. Taunting officials
" f' a4 }* ~. w* F 33. Fraternization
7 d- }2 w, T0 @$ n 34. Vigils" W" [: R9 V! `$ a u, d
. m4 e7 d `, B- ?. R
Drama and Music9 R- q, Q4 p4 Z, {7 I
35. Humorous skits and pranks: l$ t+ o, D8 g; P" E! ]
36. Performances of plays and music
& T9 N$ ^2 f' Y, n7 O8 w# R 37. Singing
1 S; p0 W# x2 T% v
4 P3 k3 S. h5 [* D8 \Processions
! [* f" Z* p# k) M% m& K* S 38. Marches" L2 }, Q+ L: K1 H0 b
39. Parades% I `, {" J, v1 P) k, {
40. Religious processions
: y( @4 G$ X! z2 D( B 41. Pilgrimages# m3 X6 M+ ^- I& U
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead# \4 K: V9 c1 z* f1 `7 r# L f
43. Political mourning' E: V2 o1 L. y0 g3 O
44. Mock funerals
" M% V( w' }) h$ X/ D% v 45. Demonstrative funerals
3 B2 L/ d, J( n; ~; H0 @- s 46. Homage at burial places
8 f- Y5 P, y$ l _& ?- a7 S! S" L* i
: `+ D" I' O6 \& \# e5 _5 FPublic Assemblies8 m( E: @3 N' s# O1 S9 k0 y
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 l0 F$ {- a2 `9 F: B) r/ ? 48. Protest meetings
2 F+ `# _1 j! ]1 q! W* {+ S# n 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! S6 ~' \! d: @4 E0 `- }* {
50. Teach-ins. l: Y, b- M& y6 _3 {- p5 R- C
' k. N( A4 n3 w- M( l8 }5 x
Withdrawal and Renunciation* l7 K% H. k' E6 P" X: j, ^
51. Walk-outs
P! e' K. s7 g+ X 52. Silence- S# c' y) l C7 W
53. Renouncing honors
( W# |6 k9 j# y0 m( @ 54. Turning one’s back7 @1 c: u& ?6 {' F
/ K7 T; I0 n! X) ?" i- Q
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3 s3 }7 D8 @, Q F) W3 D" f
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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) }, }* U8 Q4 `7 k: W
E- c+ E" ^7 h) tOstracism of Persons
4 N" z' p+ W8 Q5 W3 F6 V& { 55. Social boycott
+ m7 Z! X0 `$ H4 s 56. Selective social boycott9 L& x- Y2 K( F# Y% h
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; T! e$ t" B0 b; U. @; v* h 58. Excommunication& }- q& ^: s" |# A' x( `
59. Interdict
/ [" |1 d- z/ |1 {7 n0 }; ^4 i7 D' X: P* z. |9 M
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ r' Z p& e; z9 l% s# A
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 @+ v4 a9 a! a0 ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs
& i1 U4 E" z# W0 m& E' Y* V4 P 62. Student strike
5 I! @# c+ O/ P) X! z0 t0 j9 ^ 63. Social disobedience
5 }$ x& V# k2 M$ y 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 v8 q% f& Z9 M% e/ q
$ B0 a B+ ?$ X nWithdrawal from the Social System9 A% ^8 L2 y6 L
65. Stay-at-home) P, e2 B* g8 W8 g/ I6 }
66. Total personal noncooperation, {* T, _/ K3 f4 A% i% H1 L0 W. [
67. “Flight” of workers
6 K3 j; c$ W/ ~1 b# m( W! {9 H 68. Sanctuary
) Y- \8 Q6 i* W8 Q- D 69. Collective disappearance
/ o$ E8 D8 u* d6 n6 d0 x 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 M. h, s! e" G8 [) ~* K2 M* I' s; W. V$ h. S
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! \; \4 r) C! D n0 [/ bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 ?, m' c0 e/ z8 R# u5 W% h/ @
6 f8 j9 Z6 P1 S0 L0 A' [ g % |; d8 f4 O9 g" U: u9 U/ |
Actions by Consumers
) h6 y d/ |1 M* t, H. d 71. Consumers’ boycott
# m' }8 }( T, E; l- g 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 c4 s2 M/ V I* F; y' W0 b
73. Policy of austerity* M g* @ w! N, I/ I8 ]7 ]
74. Rent withholding
g. ~1 Q6 E H5 t* V 75. Refusal to rent
- D/ _2 ?# m7 {; G 76. National consumers’ boycott- ?& C. A* c3 U- N8 [
77. International consumers’ boycott
9 n7 {* s( _ u% O/ Y& S; ]8 N: A1 C( N
Action by Workers and Producers
2 ]# Q/ `0 i* J; Y- u% x D) w 78. Workmen’s boycott5 I: c6 W# [9 h1 |. X \
79. Producers’ boycott- F$ y3 `: r& Y$ {% ~2 ]) @1 g+ o
# B$ k. \6 d* A4 G- R) ?; SAction by Middlemen2 q4 Q# h/ E0 H) d* J2 Q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
5 }# e) y0 }. S% u4 U 81. Traders’ boycott% k1 U2 d1 v2 B; ?
82. Refusal to let or sell property' h( X' E6 f+ k: L) _6 \
83. Lockout
4 Y- S. T: b. L2 v* e. H6 b' P$ i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, j( e$ Q# ]% L1 d% q 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, ~& R' e% s, a0 a! i7 q6 ^% q, ?/ p) F% E! a
Action by Holders of Financial Resources/ k9 m) e$ u! K0 b; s$ O# y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; ]. ? f- O; [: _
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' y* E- T# G' c2 e, O" }% u
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- o- H( w! a) ^' C2 w3 V
89. Severance of funds and credit: N. t- ~/ w8 Q) A! `) N
90. Revenue refusal
0 P/ ?, O( [3 f; H8 X$ E 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 ^7 ^9 L9 ?' K6 J l' w5 W* M' V/ ~5 Y. r2 ~
Action by Governments
% A9 W, z6 v. i/ V! w8 g; n$ Z 92. Domestic embargo) k; V& h# [/ h# _" e; }+ _
93. Blacklisting of traders/ w( G* x l) }7 X4 b
94. International sellers’ embargo
0 B$ U3 \( D9 j. ?; D/ j8 Z 95. International buyers’ embargo: W( h0 ~7 j6 ~3 D- p
96. International trade embargo0 q% W/ g# `; w# q. G0 G {/ y
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( d. ~! R* H: V6 S; X+ g8 tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
/ _& B1 e6 y3 y8 q# ?+ Y) M& p: G7 @6 X. i3 ?- U7 `3 e1 b' }
6 N" A8 X" R: d9 ?' z4 H0 ?
Symbolic Strikes
6 G/ v1 X6 D. e v 97. Protest strike
# r# ~. r) U9 s. R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ O+ n. d8 i$ ^( g' U
1 f2 R- z9 z2 i! _ z+ V0 [
Agricultural Strikes
* a# I# q p: [# m 99. Peasant strike
; b* d* @8 t2 f7 ?1 @ 100. Farm Workers’ strike& l3 ?! [% R& U& w x, q9 {
/ t4 c$ h; x% Q2 tStrikes by Special Groups
3 o( w8 I7 S. c* b- { 101. Refusal of impressed labor
: h+ P# @! z9 c- s! v. [/ L 102. Prisoners’ strike
2 i5 u4 j7 N$ Q9 l2 |2 u: I# ^) x 103. Craft strike& e' A* f' h' V! a6 z( P: ?
104. Professional strike) Z2 j2 i; T* h7 @# N U7 x
' V: n6 ?* U) ?& H$ ?9 E( Z" sOrdinary Industrial Strikes
8 e8 R2 |, o$ g 105. Establishment strike0 ~6 t- P# U" M! U- H) M
106. Industry strike
' C- D9 M6 _! F9 B! V' | 107. Sympathetic strike$ A$ S# j! t1 G1 e4 G0 i
' o" A' c; l' ^+ k/ O3 M- h
Restricted Strikes4 j" E- m; A( d' ^% |8 L* E- d
108. Detailed strike/ @0 P# W2 R6 D! E R7 \
109. Bumper strike
. Z% r5 J7 A7 f' h* W 110. Slowdown strike
8 N' V3 s+ A4 a8 m 111. Working-to-rule strike
. C2 m }$ n: E& }+ G 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 @$ `# b5 P$ ^( |: p9 M 113. Strike by resignation
. O' y! f& ~* \- T* b 114. Limited strike7 F! y: R; j f! F# y" ]
115. Selective strike
& Z8 k3 N" ~+ {- o. ?8 N* ^. J! r+ T7 ]3 p& f& a, S/ g
Multi-Industry Strikes: B# j; Z0 P* w9 O
x: m7 C* }- L# K4 I5 }8 p. v
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike; g. N+ h4 U* t
2 w# Z' c1 r2 A0 xCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ M! ~+ D( |- d1 O
' q, ]) p+ Q+ H# Z$ B 118. Hartal1 Y5 I' p1 G, J2 W) {7 _
* D6 u8 ~" s" }5 { 119. Economic shutdown
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4 b4 |, Q! X( I, G8 Y8 `THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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! \' N7 T0 K g: r8 yRejection of Authority1 h- P& v6 g' \* y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& j" Y; e v$ u2 Q2 \
121. Refusal of public support
' T( O$ m# R& p! e- g 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: c# p% M" y" j2 C4 N" S" O
# ~7 N9 W( o% x) J) ?, `Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
! k9 g" s g# k$ f& z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies O% g- l P" X
124. Boycott of elections
* r3 h |- F( n' ?! ?2 C9 {# x 125. Boycott of government employment and positions9 q+ a; E+ W5 |0 G% K. _0 {: V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 \( @; v) J8 r8 G: ^) o; M
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 `' L+ P1 g, b+ _* P" |6 v 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 t- [2 {# {2 Q$ v) W 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) f( e5 @4 q* i4 G5 t) k 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 \/ ~+ j' I c' I
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 w2 f3 e- N7 H5 ^6 Q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; K3 z9 q# [% ~2 ~3 i/ K( ?
6 a0 o! a; m, ~: N
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" M& ]' H0 @+ h
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# H' t0 e! j4 @
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 ]% K8 S2 I2 d. b4 W4 i _" ]' u
135. Popular nonobedience
( u1 d- h2 M7 v. e: i 136. Disguised disobedience
6 I8 e& x1 E+ r' A4 D' U 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 S2 L* Y5 n% R: T' [+ ?6 l 138. Sitdown5 C! ?: I4 x) f0 X, n& C
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" ^7 M6 E9 t2 r3 v, @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; P# v9 a9 w/ N5 g6 Z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 B% O# [: w0 B7 {- M5 j" O
7 k+ y7 |# R" p' NAction by Government Personnel$ l$ D& r$ g! {0 d
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ x7 T0 C' V0 U" ]7 [! W/ i 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. p# b+ [9 d3 E4 c$ Q 144. Stalling and obstruction
" C. b" E# q& {' A 145. General administrative noncooperation3 A$ R k$ d; M: i: X
: ~: z' Z$ d( k" K; U
146. Judicial noncooperation4 m4 Y6 I$ U1 L- a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% G$ N! X- L* H8 W/ |1 V" F; G
148. Mutiny) j w. d9 A4 u. h
Domestic Governmental Action" t( q# e S+ M. s5 I6 F9 d/ r
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 d6 h3 _' L# C; x2 |$ R0 j 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( `6 I' H: S7 J* G* ~
) |$ f$ O* |# `: q r5 B& NInternational Governmental Action& r, T0 K/ J& F
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 ]1 l2 ?1 s2 Z( y2 d9 H' J/ H' s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ w6 R6 E5 n0 H6 ]6 I. A/ `2 x$ l q0 G
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- f: @! b- T V- V `) |
154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 l: B! g! V/ ~: t5 G7 ~4 I
155. Withdrawal from international organizations {1 y* K" z" [+ \8 R7 z6 n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 Q7 t+ z6 ?- V j; o' N
157. Expulsion from international organizations. m6 g( s7 M( U& `* k) Z
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: f- H+ a* C& {1 t" }THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( { b: q- v1 b1 L4 p6 E
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Psychological Intervention
2 w" x; L/ y6 H- `& ^1 g3 A; Y4 A 158. Self-exposure to the elements, x6 W& u& K$ T( E! G0 v" G; Z$ P% b
159. The fast) L# V* J# v& i+ c0 b
a) Fast of moral pressure
- G' F$ Z N9 _- F; y: [1 I b) Hunger strike8 s; g0 R) n/ q4 b) p+ y
c) Satyagrahic fast$ p- v) e8 g' q5 d C+ }* Y
160. Reverse trial
0 a: v: j7 k7 W4 y& n 161. Nonviolent harassment! Q# ]+ S$ {& C- n) L
" m: V2 I8 R& B5 \2 }Physical Intervention
2 D! I+ X' W: }2 L3 [- q 162. Sit-in- L6 Q1 p9 U# x6 Y+ g
163. Stand-in
J) a R. |3 O# e 164. Ride-in2 D& p7 U8 Y5 c+ ]
165. Wade-in
4 l! V: d0 i( Z, g 166. Mill-in+ L7 ~& V% J8 p/ N, [) _
167. Pray-in! s3 K5 }$ R3 a% w" y3 y
168. Nonviolent raids
+ n" f. f: U* T% ], }. u 169. Nonviolent air raids
/ s# ^+ p; ^5 t! I% U+ m 170. Nonviolent invasion0 m. ^* z- b' q6 @
171. Nonviolent interjection
1 c& ^: N# \# D- ]; b 172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 C$ s6 {: `0 _* s5 b/ j 173. Nonviolent occupation: R1 ]! ]2 l2 K" u8 @ o% _
$ ?; Q$ K# A1 M7 }* N& x! JSocial Intervention9 l# u2 k% n, ]/ p4 d
174. Establishing new social patterns' l( d. _ m. I+ t0 [2 ~' K
175. Overloading of facilities' s( B: c: g- v# {
176. Stall-in
* f# \! m/ c. a; g! O 177. Speak-in
W7 ]) `$ g9 v$ a2 e' J3 `5 t 178. Guerrilla theater$ R6 ^9 V% `" Y/ }1 P3 _# S* E
179. Alternative social institutions
; p/ M1 V4 g& y* p M 180. Alternative communication system
^2 m# E. D2 _' \' W! d
2 |$ p! R' H. SEconomic Intervention
& k5 K# }- X) o! w# x 181. Reverse strike
6 ^2 a: h' w8 k2 l" q% E 182. Stay-in strike: H% d8 U e, L+ U2 w8 h5 ]
183. Nonviolent land seizure% ^, `3 i1 ?8 i8 n7 Z' [. Z- n* O4 w, n
184. Defiance of blockades0 {' A( G- n2 y3 ]
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 i# W* ]8 U7 f f- ^ 186. Preclusive purchasing+ z, a- g7 R4 ^ f, T$ i0 t$ x* W
187. Seizure of assets) Y6 x) `2 J0 ~$ A4 a$ u) o
188. Dumping
d6 Z, L: n# Q$ T% G, X" b 189. Selective patronage
" V0 L& ~3 _8 I5 F8 ?* z 190. Alternative markets( w* g7 W; U ~& J# p$ r$ C
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 @5 l7 M& T M% ?' k/ c4 \ 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 U+ J( A% l6 @6 R" M* L3 H$ D }- Z2 `6 l! x
Political Intervention
/ \2 e: p5 s9 F! S3 K8 H9 f8 b2 g 193. Overloading of administrative systems
# v4 b( |8 [8 ^% [: ~/ i% n 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 {( o! V# o' X& [- @5 y" p4 u' R
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 [, j' J" }. A9 W2 M8 x) z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 ?) n' j) G# ^
197. Work-on without collaboration
" N% u) d0 j0 w5 q# Z3 W3 q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
