 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- d5 w6 k+ R1 i! l# C0 i& }Formal Statements. F2 i0 S1 ?' G& ]! a& W
1. Public Speeches
) ?7 }7 Y8 Z9 o( V! h9 U 2. Letters of opposition or support7 A a8 R! j% {3 Z8 v! n
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; T% b: L8 l1 H$ Q- n
4. Signed public statements# R8 i1 C7 q7 P
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# H! T" B/ C. l% t4 K2 m 6. Group or mass petitions
6 X; a P7 C6 _; D$ ?2 J
" P4 M2 w6 t9 u2 E( `Communications with a Wider Audience
7 v1 a/ e4 p4 O& B6 j' r+ Y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ s5 [) P/ y, Q: K1 @5 F, [5 ] 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. B p6 I8 ^' s J 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 o* x" I" a0 A/ t5 k 10. Newspapers and journals
% J* X1 a3 A' y4 F/ p! o7 m 11. Records, radio, and television+ T* B: r! \& U; B }0 A, O
12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ P' L! ?, s0 x+ Z% V4 S* N3 n
9 A- o+ r) m7 Y$ P8 K) z5 T
Group Representations
& B8 s6 Z8 _) S5 G2 S' | 13. Deputations$ l3 h7 I1 ?) {- s
14. Mock awards
* k9 e5 [1 \* e) P' C8 o0 C 15. Group lobbying
/ T* o- O( o8 ]4 o& B H$ B3 ? 16. Picketing9 D6 Z4 I J9 C6 g8 _( a) F- Z
17. Mock elections6 y8 y! k! X2 X: ~2 u( o
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Symbolic Public Acts
5 o( r( h$ a8 O" [/ n. N 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' v6 b$ ^# z: h+ U; M! }2 o' y
19. Wearing of symbols, {. M) `- K2 o) C0 D
20. Prayer and worship
, r5 }! k5 y# a1 |* c+ ~! C 21. Delivering symbolic objects* \$ V' K6 y p9 M9 L/ k" w
22. Protest disrobings
3 v6 c2 g+ c, o7 |6 S2 g 23. Destruction of own property
7 X1 I# j! O2 ^ 24. Symbolic lights8 u, @- v1 q1 W3 Z. w# i' @0 w, g: f
25. Displays of portraits% i5 o( A/ R9 f
26. Paint as protest
6 R5 X: c2 ~6 ~" Y6 Z 27. New signs and names' y8 `& b0 G9 H) I! e, Y5 F
28. Symbolic sounds! o, w- ]4 Z& p3 y4 L! v$ F
29. Symbolic reclamations
5 r, S4 G/ b( b f& U 30. Rude gestures* {% [6 Y6 @- o8 r$ I% O
. D" y% w/ w& p
Pressures on Individuals
* }+ ` e& J) [( t9 B3 _5 Q 31. “Haunting” officials ~. d7 W& j- v9 M: `: V
32. Taunting officials
3 {% q+ J K! Z0 f! z* Q 33. Fraternization
3 f4 `" [: g% ]2 |/ g4 v- C- k1 R 34. Vigils
' o& N' O! |' e) X- X
. y! R0 t/ k8 i- }Drama and Music* i0 f8 P, ]& B
35. Humorous skits and pranks' m& D& t b6 k: C
36. Performances of plays and music
0 B3 n1 A, S' M+ u8 `& L+ R" o 37. Singing
$ G3 h" ?( _7 ?3 K/ R- Y
T& K0 _& g. ~* U( I( NProcessions+ b1 g) A- u" q \7 h
38. Marches
, c' `3 R3 H$ Z5 p$ { 39. Parades$ _& ~6 K8 y3 ]3 m9 J* B9 B7 A
40. Religious processions
8 v- N# L% L9 R0 W& O* o" b 41. Pilgrimages; ^' @- l/ X8 B8 L
42. Motorcades
9 N! f5 H+ @) P }- h$ h' C" ~$ W+ A7 }& n& c: |6 g' N8 P" s
Honoring the Dead
) f) {( m7 l* P9 u! J 43. Political mourning; R& R- m' B) d3 \- R {
44. Mock funerals
' d3 v+ K- i7 a6 ] 45. Demonstrative funerals
) ^+ Z7 E- m! e8 f1 a- r 46. Homage at burial places
7 c+ g( ]! H1 j% m; g5 Q1 t6 b0 ~% _9 a7 O2 A! h# C% G5 @
Public Assemblies: k( Z% |1 R7 p0 F5 H+ q5 E% W! l
47. Assemblies of protest or support9 `' D( Y- R# T; ^, {$ H0 ?& i
48. Protest meetings
) ^* @3 v0 M2 ~ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: |4 T4 T: s5 }* z; K7 A- I' y 50. Teach-ins
; X9 B' Y# K7 ~" _& S2 |- Z" _
1 P* X$ S) \2 G* G( V. {* jWithdrawal and Renunciation$ j9 P1 t9 R* ^! z/ Y
51. Walk-outs
3 Q* H$ @( m# w6 S. n7 o 52. Silence1 S$ M* ?2 X3 _- l( \+ B
53. Renouncing honors
$ B' t. ^. j% o+ A/ W% P- r 54. Turning one’s back
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5 x2 P6 G; q* N; P7 g0 t0 h& |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION B f$ ?2 d; C# G
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3 |8 }0 ?3 v2 G0 D$ ~Ostracism of Persons
% m3 k" v# `& W# X$ E 55. Social boycott
1 o. S0 X( h, k2 ]: G! y 56. Selective social boycott$ K* W" ^$ y/ C# u1 k5 f
57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 h4 W3 N# d5 q; [ 58. Excommunication V6 ]3 k- I4 w( ?* C# K
59. Interdict
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8 p) |) v0 s1 h4 w2 Q0 e$ WNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- w/ b" N* [, I2 B
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; S! D7 @2 |2 X4 p) T 61. Boycott of social affairs* z) @6 a$ A" U% _0 d) ^
62. Student strike
1 ]; K1 C, }2 G8 {9 C 63. Social disobedience
2 Z- m; j0 ?. a: c, V 64. Withdrawal from social institutions' f+ j8 o1 J3 g
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Withdrawal from the Social System
( c. c; A$ p# b' [: p/ m$ L 65. Stay-at-home; x, x# C* j; c- l$ n
66. Total personal noncooperation4 U: U6 M( g$ ]* Y1 ]
67. “Flight” of workers
# }: Y$ ~9 [2 Z9 P 68. Sanctuary. P- q7 ^" L) _ n3 g2 }
69. Collective disappearance0 `2 w/ N) k4 G3 T$ w: v2 Z2 J8 j/ ?
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ E3 ^, b: F; g& T+ O9 }3 e
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! |6 s& T5 N4 S2 v) K* N. ?0 |$ ~0 v! F
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Actions by Consumers
! O' ?1 u# d ~1 `6 _0 { 71. Consumers’ boycott# R' \6 ], }; I& J2 I5 V0 I# \
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; u. W" b2 p* V" X5 W+ A 73. Policy of austerity
4 L! z4 w, q6 m$ }: H7 m 74. Rent withholding
- K P; ]: |& U( i 75. Refusal to rent' t; K1 |4 R# n
76. National consumers’ boycott4 _: W) p- s( ^
77. International consumers’ boycott6 l5 f% Y j4 S s3 ]% X
) C# N- V6 }% }# r+ g1 C) s+ SAction by Workers and Producers& W' l& x6 d. ]5 L C1 _
78. Workmen’s boycott
& Q$ U) e0 L! g. A s: A 79. Producers’ boycott
6 Z* ~( R! h N6 p9 g* e3 X
# N* m- |) d1 j7 `0 C; KAction by Middlemen
. G) i; `" t8 U' P( [* F8 ^ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 v0 z X+ N+ F& Z0 o
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Action by Owners and Management
. ~% r0 G6 k* |: j* f" G 81. Traders’ boycott3 ^& O3 t% l( {6 k! I
82. Refusal to let or sell property% f; v$ Z% r4 L; M* g; w! s* |' I
83. Lockout
4 B0 n$ q1 h) B, W 84. Refusal of industrial assistance% j3 j/ K$ g4 N. G4 G+ [$ P
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 w" V; N% P0 S
+ i& a# w3 P. Q+ zAction by Holders of Financial Resources
1 E* O$ W6 f- g 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) |. |4 M. j7 C2 l( `% R v 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, C4 n2 h9 c. c
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
e) q9 ~7 m' c' `0 e" ?2 Y3 u 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ B! H( `, \7 {8 h+ ~+ { 90. Revenue refusal
' a# H- @8 G6 F, i2 S" B 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 U- Y& v0 U. h f) T" H5 d! V
& K( c' X* c* `- V6 iAction by Governments
4 H" r9 c; C% M! n 92. Domestic embargo& I- ?3 Y- r2 S+ D4 B g% T
93. Blacklisting of traders
* a( ^' Q4 G8 h1 P1 W' h 94. International sellers’ embargo2 N" Z+ f9 \8 Y! k5 o
95. International buyers’ embargo
9 _7 i* E5 F$ W* T: e9 @% l 96. International trade embargo( h: K5 P/ h6 O( f; D+ x& c
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, H6 K; q: _, Y! E; d( I5 MTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ y# ]: {/ m) ?6 P \$ R& [: h% z
9 j l$ a& L B0 Z9 Y $ `& Q2 t+ Q0 A, H. J1 s
Symbolic Strikes
8 a' w r, O4 J8 g/ \ 97. Protest strike$ @! a5 I! t" R" `) ^0 N" o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% I9 B+ k( X( b% Z
9 n; k3 z! s7 O
Agricultural Strikes1 }/ b9 {: k1 N
99. Peasant strike
/ T9 \ d0 P" B4 \' ~& z 100. Farm Workers’ strike5 ^! ~4 k; ]: v+ Q
' y+ X% x) L& r$ O6 w" RStrikes by Special Groups
5 N4 k1 k% h. Y/ J 101. Refusal of impressed labor
# B5 y% B m* c3 H# p. C 102. Prisoners’ strike
5 k8 W- H% w* X# S; G 103. Craft strike7 X3 V0 j" v/ [( V9 p! A
104. Professional strike
0 a$ o! a1 B0 v" R$ D: ~, u+ @8 ~5 V' {8 x; K
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
; h1 Y! U! X: L2 N6 E; c& o9 ]: a 105. Establishment strike, q/ l! m# m- N0 F1 q% `
106. Industry strike# g1 h6 ~. L$ x6 C1 X# _. C
107. Sympathetic strike! k Z, q* R' p4 r( i- X0 K
( S- [ x8 P( [9 b1 X6 H$ l# x0 Q9 ZRestricted Strikes- p% |; p/ ^4 h; V ~" R
108. Detailed strike8 D9 U% |7 i; k
109. Bumper strike5 t; b7 C( h- @/ E" k4 w
110. Slowdown strike! I7 o# N/ S% [4 D$ @0 x$ N
111. Working-to-rule strike5 w) [9 O% w& w
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 T6 Y( j" C% Q
113. Strike by resignation% I4 p8 u8 |+ z6 P5 _$ a1 @
114. Limited strike
5 h. o6 T$ z; x' J# U 115. Selective strike
% N3 j/ n- h: K( T6 e. u6 `+ t: b' q4 A- k
Multi-Industry Strikes0 `/ M1 }. H, _( Y7 u) G
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116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: m: j2 w3 N+ ^1 [% ?7 o8 g' ]0 n8 f* f
118. Hartal* n& O+ \) Y( a3 U! _
- u) k6 {/ k- ~$ I$ `' n' Q1 d 119. Economic shutdown& c: K8 k& E6 m8 X' p4 d
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( i! `# S0 w# ]6 H7 mTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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; }9 c1 T2 l2 ?6 G R1 K/ d # y; r6 T( m& {/ I9 R. a% z& t
Rejection of Authority, Q0 ]- F- v5 H( Y, i& l9 i
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 v( ^2 _9 {$ `* U+ i4 }
121. Refusal of public support
7 _$ k3 x! {, ^ ~. v* \/ j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% n4 M, B& S* s: i" ?+ v
& m% O5 c; c; V' G2 WCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 C. D. C4 J% Q& h1 B+ Z! y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 A" v8 u) Y: q% q& _
124. Boycott of elections
& b- \5 n2 R- b/ y- o4 @ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& ?2 j& {9 N- Z2 Q% N- Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 H3 Y* _6 V( y6 B! R3 |% v( T* ]
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 H6 H4 o# W& Z6 Z: ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& P0 g; f1 H7 S7 l% x7 E+ x l2 {9 q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 @0 e5 S* B" M; k1 r* D4 h
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 Y8 f1 s( Q: [, M. ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( ^: h& d6 G6 S! _. [$ Z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ _5 o9 M: f5 {1 s+ T
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" S; P% F$ h: u# W& {# _7 H+ t0 d 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ r4 F0 o, p0 r- E' p 135. Popular nonobedience9 w, n% E2 i' y
136. Disguised disobedience6 k2 c+ V; R& }1 \/ m
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. K: P9 Y7 l/ {5 A. E! i
138. Sitdown1 u5 z) `( Y4 k3 T7 a" m
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: R( `* b* X6 ~9 H% ]! c! ]8 g# @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* l9 g7 j) |/ ?4 h6 e: V 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel& W! V7 {9 b' U& k! ]4 Z! m; \
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
, z3 Q7 O6 F: F& n$ Q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 D$ G1 j, R* K7 M
144. Stalling and obstruction4 Q: u( a3 A$ _# f9 V7 t
145. General administrative noncooperation
* l7 A/ o: t. i2 }# i$ j
+ S. u+ z# b! c- [$ D; A+ w1 g9 u e 146. Judicial noncooperation
( g+ q3 F, _) D$ p6 Q& n. d 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 V6 C J8 }4 p8 q
148. Mutiny
2 |. A" U" J3 C7 vDomestic Governmental Action2 ~# Z, K5 c* d! z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& ~3 Q8 l {9 n: n6 m: x 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& ?1 S9 Z- C0 U) n9 x
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International Governmental Action
% {) u; {: u2 d9 r/ b- a: D 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- V5 M: f3 x, L4 T) \' c1 I2 w) Q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! q* I9 V, }! ` D: v
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- h, ?3 u: s9 Q4 W1 @/ @ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, b3 \! b* S# u0 E z2 M/ I
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" [$ M- i' v1 i I Z- K! @7 X
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 c9 E8 C( i" G' N; h 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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9 k* Z: P0 ~' f0 U+ d9 @' bPsychological Intervention
, t( u5 ]. u( R! a/ i+ P 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 C1 h$ w7 @- b, P
159. The fast6 j' E8 x3 P1 A5 q! ]4 ^/ N
a) Fast of moral pressure$ ]/ ~' V+ C6 u+ `
b) Hunger strike$ s. W" j* b5 `! n* c! Y( k
c) Satyagrahic fast
; ]/ ?! B. ]1 C; z+ E 160. Reverse trial! z: f2 Y9 f8 ]' _6 q; n
161. Nonviolent harassment
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8 T) x. {+ C$ }$ U' G5 EPhysical Intervention
; R3 g5 E) ^, T7 }" o 162. Sit-in9 b" F- M4 E4 _/ @# d& x, @" K
163. Stand-in9 C- r3 i" k/ C. k" }, n
164. Ride-in
9 g1 k2 o S; ^6 g$ W5 h' \ 165. Wade-in0 x) F& ?8 k; G- _
166. Mill-in
9 O& \. j0 ~9 U% b% o& F A 167. Pray-in) Q& H# U4 W$ l& F
168. Nonviolent raids, P3 L. g2 k, r/ ^3 w+ m
169. Nonviolent air raids5 p: H ?3 b& g1 j
170. Nonviolent invasion; _' s4 B! _! ]% u {7 c4 s
171. Nonviolent interjection
) N0 P2 M! q% X- b" E 172. Nonviolent obstruction# K4 T& s1 j" e4 F0 G0 B6 j
173. Nonviolent occupation! T t9 o! k3 y% o* K. h) Z+ D2 Z
" a. ^2 Y( R) B( c- d0 sSocial Intervention3 h5 \/ a% d$ y4 m: a0 {
174. Establishing new social patterns
" m- g, {6 n& ?; k, I 175. Overloading of facilities
) m0 ?9 H, h' O1 A0 n/ x 176. Stall-in- |# \ _ i' A
177. Speak-in
! m. Z' \. I9 [( p/ F) n W 178. Guerrilla theater8 x' ?( Z% g) y8 l
179. Alternative social institutions
5 p& `9 x6 m8 j9 B 180. Alternative communication system
* U/ Q: |3 e4 N ?6 f+ y9 p! H! r1 i6 w1 V' |; e2 V, \7 P6 o
Economic Intervention
$ q) P/ @! C3 c Y" G% S! D 181. Reverse strike4 h( l# P& r: s9 i
182. Stay-in strike) r! G+ d" c" K: S0 m
183. Nonviolent land seizure; H$ u5 |& y+ l6 N9 H
184. Defiance of blockades
1 S$ L y3 ]1 O; ?8 N- @" c' c- A 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- B4 w" `# C. A7 ^; \
186. Preclusive purchasing
3 B1 V8 s7 D5 Y" n- |0 h 187. Seizure of assets
% Q( P$ ?4 u5 N( r# O 188. Dumping
* c, |4 |: z/ a6 }9 T) W" ] 189. Selective patronage
2 }) A$ V/ |. L7 U. B N# }, J 190. Alternative markets" Z+ H! W5 ~0 m' k
191. Alternative transportation systems
- b: Q- n' e5 g* w8 x$ z2 p3 x. l 192. Alternative economic institutions
+ X2 @$ Z v; w8 Q9 f1 g
: C7 o2 H* L" c' J+ k2 oPolitical Intervention
" l" @3 i7 s4 y 193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 d8 w" f1 H! G ~( K# [( n8 S 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' Q$ F, z. y* S3 S, {3 y
195. Seeking imprisonment+ x; V( o) B3 |2 h% v
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" }, }* C2 T- z* o: K
197. Work-on without collaboration E8 M( V* U' j7 d+ o
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
