 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 b6 F! y4 M! p9 F* D) P
Formal Statements
b) t$ [' z1 J- |$ S 1. Public Speeches
' o& }) _6 T4 ~9 B7 P 2. Letters of opposition or support( s8 A! _) { ?. U, G3 F
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ D8 x0 Y* E* g: v 4. Signed public statements
; K C: w. `6 A; e0 e 5. Declarations of indictment and intention, M& i- ~4 Y( M1 o; M; W
6. Group or mass petitions* l( H {6 a2 k! u' z/ \* W" b, ^
" o+ p9 g" r( ~, F! ?2 z
Communications with a Wider Audience% l) R, P6 a) g
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ F& C8 ^% C# F5 X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 u# A A, b4 B+ E
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, f/ [3 a# J. W, b }( o
10. Newspapers and journals
* M. w* L4 @1 Y) u- C8 X 11. Records, radio, and television
0 x8 B) N J' C; K: U! ]; U. D. f 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
2 j5 y* `& s; `/ g: ~2 N. P( p$ d/ F- g3 d9 i
Group Representations0 Q+ ~4 _6 K9 _. `
13. Deputations/ I: z9 n8 x1 S/ f' U# g
14. Mock awards
% N' m+ {; K: r/ d: T& @ 15. Group lobbying% v0 g0 ~0 M+ M K# m3 N0 { v$ y
16. Picketing
( s% a7 k" T4 h8 |. }$ [" q: h/ B 17. Mock elections6 {9 T) @) Y. S1 Q9 U3 s
: W( n! Z* \& T4 D+ h# x9 ]3 r" oSymbolic Public Acts3 M) ]4 c7 B8 B4 E% n+ k
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ S* K9 T6 @1 ?
19. Wearing of symbols0 r5 W; I1 y' L& f: | W4 j
20. Prayer and worship
, B" n3 g7 G' R2 J% d, \ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 H) g- g3 }# Z 22. Protest disrobings; G; N; G3 e8 I7 P5 C# A& w# o' L1 m
23. Destruction of own property O4 G0 V C+ Y7 \9 w9 p4 j6 {
24. Symbolic lights
0 r! q: c* M w9 G- Z1 h/ V 25. Displays of portraits
9 d! c4 E+ s6 I( x- K3 t! M9 D2 B 26. Paint as protest
; m" w" m* R/ r( t& Q 27. New signs and names
" p. V$ P! ~: l" H& s6 }: |) Z 28. Symbolic sounds* A5 `/ B* v3 }
29. Symbolic reclamations
. K8 D; H% u: o, C! \ 30. Rude gestures) _ Y& {9 {( V. t) Q4 f" L3 D
$ {9 z- I& ?8 T) D" m1 A# u
Pressures on Individuals
. X* Y* D9 J" ?9 S 31. “Haunting” officials' T" h' p) p& z* G* }+ G) P5 G. R
32. Taunting officials
x) f9 p4 c/ w( S ^, P% P 33. Fraternization
; G' u/ T5 P {1 ]$ n6 S; y 34. Vigils: O$ x$ V: Z& K0 F
- L5 Z) s0 q/ u" ?+ t/ g
Drama and Music: P* B h2 Y, I" X
35. Humorous skits and pranks" _# M8 `: E1 x1 Z
36. Performances of plays and music0 B1 F9 V! u" U6 A% I/ \; h4 L! a5 D9 J
37. Singing
. x0 V7 {& S6 B0 u+ h/ p* x
* `6 ~! {, C1 T' m! C( [% |9 \. KProcessions
8 A: d% D* ]' M+ s; W2 R* C/ a2 [ 38. Marches3 r# z; v9 h" K% C+ d6 H
39. Parades/ Q* f V3 l$ U! c( V! L# }. P
40. Religious processions
8 ?8 l: u3 c) U. Y* ` 41. Pilgrimages
& B& v* i5 M$ t4 t- K/ s 42. Motorcades
* h2 B% L2 P# n* d! E' F6 C* A4 a( A# w. t9 f9 \
Honoring the Dead
3 Q/ N( q6 h' y1 _: R& ? V, { 43. Political mourning
6 q( c' K# G) Y$ k; W 44. Mock funerals
% T6 ~1 }' \& z$ @0 T8 f 45. Demonstrative funerals
: V4 m; F( I F X& ~ 46. Homage at burial places
: u* E/ S; G+ ?8 t( E0 P7 s. F1 ]# X* \8 q0 W. u) F/ Z
Public Assemblies
- {) ~; H5 A/ f. c 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 s4 n0 ]7 O) v- q 48. Protest meetings5 @+ P1 y: }8 V: Y3 x
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' a o! t" X7 _7 w4 x$ [
50. Teach-ins9 e X3 c( E D2 P9 `2 q
7 c1 D/ y4 V0 [Withdrawal and Renunciation
O7 P) ]# w' R 51. Walk-outs
, i/ a; C8 a. i9 ^. J$ `2 [ 52. Silence1 U, e. k+ u1 D& |+ t0 N& O
53. Renouncing honors( y5 ~: T$ u8 w2 u; W4 [; R
54. Turning one’s back
2 f& `/ T& I0 j2 r
# b, j* L M3 n1 \8 l
8 J1 w6 f% k5 v. E- A# h A7 L D! E6 C. x ~4 H
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
& X$ X9 k- J. [
0 k9 Q+ Q0 \; p3 x
, S+ J, n( H# L6 b+ R
c. W2 x" M$ |! Q/ qOstracism of Persons5 R( Y2 @7 @/ P
55. Social boycott& E) ]' Q/ e( ~9 N2 I' z1 e
56. Selective social boycott$ S& T3 ~* s+ m# w+ C0 t+ ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction9 f( Z5 A' h F4 t" E! r( z
58. Excommunication6 l, j* q+ r. [& [# W
59. Interdict3 G0 t/ |/ F$ a* Z% k+ w
3 t7 ]4 K. R9 ~# h. X% u- }* p+ }
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( {& ]# ^$ x7 a h3 E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ v+ M$ n+ b- i) K1 L) p 61. Boycott of social affairs
4 i( o+ ~* I1 K 62. Student strike! c7 [6 U# u, v+ V @
63. Social disobedience
+ i4 v5 G+ x5 q* l2 V7 K 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 `, t! |3 {. j6 Q
d% T3 W% M* c7 [! JWithdrawal from the Social System$ R& t# C! @) T6 Z t$ }' T0 ]
65. Stay-at-home' S4 ^5 n& e/ `/ W8 i* f+ i
66. Total personal noncooperation0 T0 d( B& | J, v" i& O4 n
67. “Flight” of workers6 D7 z5 B1 g6 A, E$ u2 p
68. Sanctuary
q3 V7 v; T5 _, A! O9 S3 K 69. Collective disappearance
( o% U1 C7 O) [: l. g 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 N7 v' ^+ q7 W9 B1 n/ \
4 R d7 b; u: f; ?# [- E: y
3 P" }+ q$ Y" Y1 G6 ]' v1 l) Y. y3 n
, K. A. u D! q( i0 A( I7 V! A& W, ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
s8 a6 v, @% M0 K7 q3 Y& t! N7 T l7 `4 S. I
8 i2 K( B4 a9 H* o3 T' q& R. x
Actions by Consumers6 c8 b2 w* ^) n1 m; d
71. Consumers’ boycott
. {! T! {6 w4 V4 [ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ {* l9 m+ y( \5 `( Q 73. Policy of austerity
' m0 o9 N# n) Q/ b7 {0 ? 74. Rent withholding
5 Q3 r& L/ }" u: b+ A/ C 75. Refusal to rent6 ?" Q1 g) M* ^/ g1 }2 V' c% [
76. National consumers’ boycott- p$ ]" h/ y/ P5 x
77. International consumers’ boycott& R1 v2 i r, b1 u
. j- K4 y/ I% t* C* A T6 h& g
Action by Workers and Producers
$ Y; `% C# o' o# E5 ~+ p 78. Workmen’s boycott
8 A, h& t, Q3 d. Z. U' K$ g 79. Producers’ boycott
7 a; r; ]& K/ X1 k$ i$ a7 h/ v
' u* o, P2 J' l8 AAction by Middlemen( k* P' ?6 _3 r. x% |
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 l! P: y6 v7 A) A. t1 t3 w3 {
5 m& @0 y$ \) H7 h5 V* v
Action by Owners and Management
4 G0 x" W n/ N! O$ E0 {+ t& s' l 81. Traders’ boycott* l) I; {$ u: I# o, j3 {. N4 A
82. Refusal to let or sell property$ g8 F1 m& v' h! q
83. Lockout! Z. `, M! A; F& S
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! o, K0 t8 S4 w" h. p- x
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& {* I" t( L- R& ]
1 m5 h3 w6 B9 gAction by Holders of Financial Resources' }8 J. T3 _7 o/ p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 r: p7 m8 ~# S2 u K- c' L
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) ^7 g# z/ B4 [5 r: E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# y- e ?4 K( ?9 z0 S3 b 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ z/ Z; w$ o) a: j, C 90. Revenue refusal7 L, h4 ]/ w$ h; m
91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ g" a! d" l, Q, h( v `( A1 N/ `% w; O% d" {; C
Action by Governments
: |% k/ s/ }# f 92. Domestic embargo3 o9 e2 U( @* X0 M2 \0 J, e( c
93. Blacklisting of traders# B9 l$ d$ M; I" l- g8 U
94. International sellers’ embargo" \& E! T, e$ ~2 o v
95. International buyers’ embargo
0 \* D6 D& z" t! z0 \. }9 U 96. International trade embargo
. o" L5 F) O& o8 N3 c- l, |0 b. a$ w
1 @3 j$ Z$ Z( E& N/ e: {4 k1 I% ~7 n! A
- E! ?0 ? X. x. o# A
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 w( g- |4 l# _& N
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2 Z# A9 c. g+ F! ?Symbolic Strikes
& j+ x( t% ]$ S3 O 97. Protest strike6 s% O- l6 b% R: E3 D# s p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 Z8 h Z1 d4 G, g. P4 |2 W
, i8 u6 g3 B- f$ r: bAgricultural Strikes" H8 v9 ]4 i# _4 R: ~
99. Peasant strike8 j4 x6 s' d+ V3 I* c& p
100. Farm Workers’ strike
: Y4 O! w5 L8 \
! G. ^" y2 S1 v7 j' O4 EStrikes by Special Groups
" R8 }+ v$ [! X: u 101. Refusal of impressed labor
* T" S( v, r0 c, G 102. Prisoners’ strike
" P( B* T/ R- O. N- S" z 103. Craft strike
5 A8 b8 T( D, ~: n- b 104. Professional strike4 ^$ A# H- R4 D( J _5 U
+ ]6 N: H5 X& {1 y/ ~! _Ordinary Industrial Strikes y$ A3 F( T* W! B. j* @
105. Establishment strike+ E ], D! X9 J6 P5 B) O
106. Industry strike" Z" P. e( M4 B5 q4 U* [: x0 Z
107. Sympathetic strike/ A+ P8 v) s' A
! y% f0 z) }. g, ARestricted Strikes3 }- h+ s4 N+ H0 v( l" I# B% T
108. Detailed strike
0 B) s! j# m; [8 E 109. Bumper strike6 U5 H% U% K' G" ~( I, B a d
110. Slowdown strike
- o+ k0 f5 s8 S3 W- ]/ t 111. Working-to-rule strike
6 Z( C6 O* D7 m1 L- G" w 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- Q8 _- e3 j. m 113. Strike by resignation
$ f: E7 v- q: T3 c. | 114. Limited strike& c0 f' A$ m) E; [5 }
115. Selective strike
; ]! C, i# g& E8 P7 p ^/ p0 q, P7 _6 v! U$ g
Multi-Industry Strikes2 \4 o0 m$ x# ^1 r
9 z6 k0 l6 q9 F) s. [0 g9 p/ _( I) [
116. Generalized strike
3 F0 ^' Y' f( J7 ?
) b1 h4 @$ n) e1 T+ `2 J 117. General strike8 D0 y! E$ l0 q3 u1 S+ B+ X6 X9 l& v
, E& W( Z. a$ V ?Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- `: |8 N, C/ g, F+ E( n, _8 q3 w% h& h, Z: W* c/ U: I; y
118. Hartal& d$ c; ?4 }9 J
: U6 M( Y& V+ ?) u* Y 119. Economic shutdown
$ H* Z: o% T1 x- G' M/ I/ g5 ?. G7 E4 G
: d7 t* `7 k. V8 d; A# Y ' Y5 c- S) p& ~( V) q5 D
! `6 Y! q/ z, o) V( O" D% j1 T" aTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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, O/ [ h0 v5 \4 e0 }! g 9 E1 y3 Q5 D+ B' J; Z, A. z
Rejection of Authority+ P. z: O& l$ E: s
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance" t7 u9 h" E) n) X% t# T6 [
121. Refusal of public support
! w# `+ b3 Y9 N; w 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 ]2 [. y6 ~8 `8 s E+ |( K/ j6 T0 }6 z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 L7 ^7 I' Q5 q. u, J% u* I2 Z
123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 T: P- A( F. A4 r
124. Boycott of elections
; P0 } b1 Q1 A- r5 b, P0 j 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 a: R- S6 F8 e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! {5 G) ?5 @: J8 x
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) o/ \; N6 x) T0 Q! o
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ R& \% G- Y1 P% q) W
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* c* U" ~, K6 R' K% h- z- h+ a
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, u7 P1 @8 h, [8 b$ T) R% N
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ d) s3 p+ R+ q6 |& F$ o
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) b& i/ G% }6 z" | P9 ?* ?3 X
, p3 Q& Q7 O+ }+ X3 k, o' M( P
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& Q5 T* P5 A4 [5 }* ^- g9 e8 d 133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ Y2 ]* f t' W% O# ~$ ^* K# G$ a
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: R( C, ]# v6 M, g0 S
135. Popular nonobedience
% I$ G2 R' r) Z+ z" m. Z8 R 136. Disguised disobedience& \8 s2 {% C4 m; |( q! s$ O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ i# _8 Z# V5 s* s9 C
138. Sitdown
" M B/ K1 Y0 y# a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 P$ h+ a+ K7 J9 M3 V- ^) T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( ^5 J, W/ k" h 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws. P4 e S* \- w+ e U4 H
4 [2 v3 U. c: L3 J; E' I3 r& t
Action by Government Personnel+ ?3 b% M9 M ~/ C: o2 N
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 A( f5 t8 ` e, @/ R D1 d7 d
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ e8 W9 y7 v4 m# g2 g' T
144. Stalling and obstruction9 T3 B; ]/ [8 a1 |
145. General administrative noncooperation
) S- p7 H" |4 F' S4 ]' g% e
+ p* o5 r4 e7 f% S, i 146. Judicial noncooperation
: Z) ~, ?* O; z0 r4 W1 m p/ B3 D 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( j8 M$ w8 }* ~; F 148. Mutiny
- J1 |7 V& ^( e; ]3 H/ I. b1 }Domestic Governmental Action. x; W7 b6 e" d2 w0 Z) F( N/ s+ U
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ H" o) d' I) j- m0 v* B$ o 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
, ]# |$ `/ K+ {7 ?4 l! F1 o/ f; Z( e# b4 @2 X
International Governmental Action
( r; O* i2 K5 |, `2 F 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ H8 c2 c; A3 u7 t' o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ B& z& d, B/ z$ A
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* D& F; U' F7 F5 m- {# c 154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 E9 J1 v4 z/ H0 G3 O. }' s. m
155. Withdrawal from international organizations9 D8 K9 l, {0 p5 m) X
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 _7 h2 @# l. s! q% t 157. Expulsion from international organizations
, T& Q- J; `- @9 w/ N9 \! f5 Z
Q2 o8 M" ]" k- B9 p5 E+ O' ?, T
& o7 a% O) `, |* E6 g4 Q& d/ s& Q! [4 ]! z* `; P' q% b2 ]7 [2 j
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! g3 J! e; p" X- N* c% F1 u: y
4 i- i/ n8 P7 Z; k b
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Psychological Intervention4 l: Q- F/ |+ _/ Z9 B, j
158. Self-exposure to the elements8 v: O) n0 l+ G! Q6 ~: R. I
159. The fast
$ f2 Z- l1 _* n+ o8 v; v, z a) Fast of moral pressure2 O& Q8 k0 l; H3 s
b) Hunger strike
) r9 I% d, p- G; h7 _+ e/ F, W% j" M c) Satyagrahic fast
6 ^5 _- F! ?+ d# o( Q 160. Reverse trial3 _ _: d- v+ d
161. Nonviolent harassment( `- ^! ^( d. e7 O" M: Q1 W' H
8 W% l, }" C1 v) ]- V6 J% E; M
Physical Intervention
! F; q# s7 T/ Z, l4 w 162. Sit-in
) k. L* ]* c0 w) {' U 163. Stand-in
7 O! W, W' P- [) ~; _8 d/ G 164. Ride-in' x% J( O' C$ H C& F
165. Wade-in0 ?7 y$ F. u4 J% `2 m2 r5 a
166. Mill-in
& ~& E3 C8 A' W- k! X& g: r4 K1 @ 167. Pray-in! `( J! o8 ]1 R/ E/ L8 M" K& e
168. Nonviolent raids2 g) B( i! G' E* l/ y V5 \
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 s ]+ |( R, G/ M 170. Nonviolent invasion/ @4 E+ ?) g; v/ N' i& ~
171. Nonviolent interjection
A& D* n6 R, j( E, X/ m4 q! q 172. Nonviolent obstruction* N( E/ b$ s4 l) v
173. Nonviolent occupation- F$ {3 d! r/ Y0 T
* F6 q2 L' }- v- W; NSocial Intervention
. K! L% @- }. G. Z 174. Establishing new social patterns% X- i, C8 x: A- a. r% ^2 p
175. Overloading of facilities V. d0 |, b4 ~0 A# R
176. Stall-in: o8 b+ ?1 b7 h4 @/ G3 O
177. Speak-in( M; }% b* C( } g0 {
178. Guerrilla theater
% c/ _# r, [- U 179. Alternative social institutions2 H- Y; o1 k$ g: V" `* y
180. Alternative communication system
4 R. R5 W( a5 k9 e. i/ O! H* ]
' Q1 p! f5 `8 M2 ~+ N* q! ZEconomic Intervention
! D$ k# l. p3 K8 }2 @ 181. Reverse strike
D% y4 M1 c$ v( R 182. Stay-in strike) L0 c- h2 F" K C/ A0 R
183. Nonviolent land seizure5 I2 m5 O/ r) c; |9 M9 L9 n) s
184. Defiance of blockades
. A: U* i* Q3 B3 w) \7 E/ `8 U 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 L$ d7 I: n9 o5 C, M& [7 d1 S
186. Preclusive purchasing: M3 H; Z: j6 `& j" |
187. Seizure of assets. c/ |. U/ s$ V* M0 z F
188. Dumping. `" I1 r6 G0 E% K$ l
189. Selective patronage, K7 r; n$ H* \; Y- |* g
190. Alternative markets! f. o+ F4 P& t( s; b2 _
191. Alternative transportation systems
' f, [: j8 P; s+ A, ^5 K4 h; o& Y! }( K 192. Alternative economic institutions
/ z/ ?! @6 N5 u& q7 e' z m3 Z% l' G" [$ t
Political Intervention: {! m* J; v) |1 s0 I9 ^
193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ X7 p H' A2 W4 L$ I 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. b v# h' Z& _
195. Seeking imprisonment7 l, K( ^+ t, q) z" ^
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws( m. B) z& ?9 b2 W5 }
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 ~( u& E6 q/ k/ S \/ s 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 {, S9 _; Z. y8 h
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
