 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 \& Z/ z! V3 Z
Formal Statements
" T1 k9 y2 E# k3 ` 1. Public Speeches$ Q3 Q, T e9 i/ t
2. Letters of opposition or support
1 [4 N# @$ a: H4 v! X3 q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 G( C. ^5 o6 g) N) N H8 W7 q! P) V
4. Signed public statements
5 P$ X* S2 X+ Q" U6 | 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 N( @$ D. D4 n6 e3 u+ c+ i3 s0 N 6. Group or mass petitions
: W4 u6 h1 ~: H0 y/ V. T
. o* V- l) c& {5 y6 ICommunications with a Wider Audience9 v! b3 I" ]% B* y A
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 `0 @" H( D: M
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; S( f' O" r9 g b6 u5 g: ~ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 ?+ W) P/ l/ D6 _4 `, w3 t
10. Newspapers and journals/ S4 J/ h6 r# Y1 F0 d' ^
11. Records, radio, and television8 C' z: k4 J$ f$ Y+ C8 r
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 t# ~3 H! N4 `8 o( W! c$ L. ~7 }: z* N7 B5 m G7 H* r
Group Representations: v0 o" r) `5 B2 j" A9 W
13. Deputations& O$ t) `. @- K; v' _" f
14. Mock awards
8 f; D" ?% h5 P, h; g 15. Group lobbying* t9 G2 ~9 P$ @( O; u- B
16. Picketing
/ H; ^; h) }: W0 N 17. Mock elections( i) C5 d6 i1 S0 q6 D A% f
! M0 b6 C' W% v7 S& _4 Q
Symbolic Public Acts0 L/ o5 A( v+ r/ `3 w
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 Z8 D; n' l# I
19. Wearing of symbols
# z* u3 I. k/ ]2 D/ A 20. Prayer and worship' R% e) V( o( b5 K6 X- ^
21. Delivering symbolic objects) H! R* s9 _1 A9 B7 \
22. Protest disrobings% e" ^$ R# I' J7 i+ q4 @
23. Destruction of own property: o: ]0 V( l3 f
24. Symbolic lights
# a! O. ~% d. W7 S6 N/ ]) G 25. Displays of portraits
/ `; e8 n( F4 K F; g 26. Paint as protest
6 m$ ~* J, z2 L. X: k 27. New signs and names+ D: n3 z1 a# `; Y. o- H
28. Symbolic sounds2 m, B. k2 n) d/ l I
29. Symbolic reclamations( l" G# b' `) g- Q
30. Rude gestures4 N# o7 v& S" A9 ?& n
1 S. ^5 u9 X, s1 C. s0 qPressures on Individuals
; c8 X( r# Q2 W; ^ m 31. “Haunting” officials
- J/ l+ s: j& U( r) | 32. Taunting officials
+ s; f1 l' s& x' ~' ^" f0 @- u2 M3 J 33. Fraternization- ]& v. R& D- s+ E8 m7 V6 _. I
34. Vigils* v" h( ]2 R; F) \+ P- M# c. ?
( X" E7 P% Q. ~' N) E2 q, d. \
Drama and Music' d5 M5 b: | X
35. Humorous skits and pranks" `+ S/ A) b' A' ?" r
36. Performances of plays and music& ?0 h" V, a/ l- c4 O
37. Singing9 ?4 f3 o2 f7 j9 \! Q% G9 H ?
3 I8 Z2 Y2 n. ?; DProcessions
, S7 V* H9 L' \$ a' K/ ^ 38. Marches6 C4 G* p. D+ g
39. Parades
2 P/ r8 r$ M& ~1 ? 40. Religious processions4 u9 n6 x3 ~& j$ s8 K
41. Pilgrimages
7 |' g0 l3 V1 a8 ] f4 ~, Z 42. Motorcades
. i+ f/ O% L% v0 E4 [& C0 v5 F6 a+ }6 Z" |
Honoring the Dead2 V, ~3 `. y0 K: q& }0 Y# h2 |
43. Political mourning
+ m! `" W5 t) ?' ~ 44. Mock funerals! _$ \. a/ ?! A% a; x# \" B
45. Demonstrative funerals
1 F) ]5 {* n0 D5 C0 l0 N9 k3 `2 x/ \ 46. Homage at burial places
" s" h7 P+ j6 m5 Z) U8 t4 o6 [6 O2 ^5 s. S2 ^: F p0 U: ~
Public Assemblies
/ c0 m; p0 U1 L! l4 t; ~ 47. Assemblies of protest or support; ^: Z) v; E a" Z
48. Protest meetings! ~7 |) K. f% P6 l2 ^5 q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 ?( Y* W4 q8 S 50. Teach-ins1 p y" Z1 P# X1 \5 H* r- T
# E. K# |# K( X' v! WWithdrawal and Renunciation
0 i7 C* {% K& l1 l: ~9 } 51. Walk-outs+ `) ^& L4 S8 D9 B3 J
52. Silence0 |/ n* O( m5 K( f3 ^
53. Renouncing honors
2 X O, r, r. o) a 54. Turning one’s back& M+ V/ o" k: O+ m+ G. Y& l
% {: b9 J V( L* [6 F3 W
, c8 I/ [! m& y1 {4 A% q, X7 h% S. s9 x8 T# V' M+ M- E! E
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 e8 p4 R+ E, D) i6 c
- r: b, U6 y7 F0 {* w. h
$ V3 q& k3 z+ v2 b0 H! s3 j
9 o/ r% W- h6 S; v8 D4 S# TOstracism of Persons" x& L) n y+ W4 W; G. s' o
55. Social boycott
$ R& B9 w5 Y; J R 56. Selective social boycott6 V! e) I2 m+ J; o( F
57. Lysistratic nonaction! M% I E' }4 H1 k
58. Excommunication# C" H8 y0 A: I' [
59. Interdict1 b4 e4 J: k2 q
0 U, S. B% i0 ]; ENoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
% ^% n9 R2 x3 u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& B$ m( F" I( L: s+ \: Z- z 61. Boycott of social affairs2 a" P2 |$ Q9 S& w& `
62. Student strike4 g3 L: g+ R! g4 q) C; ?1 u# V
63. Social disobedience
* G% g) Y6 w$ S& L' c 64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 s0 m7 @. Q5 V. i
4 s5 `3 N5 V( G7 c9 a3 kWithdrawal from the Social System4 M2 U: h* B8 ~6 Z% y0 @/ }5 X+ f8 o& `
65. Stay-at-home
4 S5 U( o" U4 i. [ 66. Total personal noncooperation# M! x0 v8 R5 {5 D. E+ ~
67. “Flight” of workers
2 X4 D+ K" ]4 n$ W r 68. Sanctuary- d% V8 f2 \# \1 u& ~- o
69. Collective disappearance
* o& O# O' ]' v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 T2 P6 C9 F/ J( z: `
) i& a8 h6 S' w5 q ) t- } a) t3 w. B' B
- N1 V5 d" J9 h! r: LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 N0 C$ b4 e7 e1 ]0 T, T# Q2 ^, c
- W m( _4 [ Q, E" X
8 V. h1 g c4 H. [4 W e2 H AActions by Consumers1 m9 E% m8 m, D7 J
71. Consumers’ boycott
) V1 O, i a: G' k+ p 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 K) t- }( Y& ^
73. Policy of austerity C" E1 Y3 Q' p! e: X
74. Rent withholding$ r/ I7 ], m4 t. e
75. Refusal to rent
1 }6 \; d4 `; v5 b' M 76. National consumers’ boycott& z Z2 ?# u' ~6 ~. T+ W+ R: R6 W
77. International consumers’ boycott
- {6 w& S! @" s" i, B7 N6 b% F* f5 g- `4 w
Action by Workers and Producers
, p4 g! r0 ], V/ ^ 78. Workmen’s boycott' k& R1 n# I3 E
79. Producers’ boycott; L% m" e U8 Q3 h3 Q( K3 ]; g v
+ |4 M) p2 Y( O8 sAction by Middlemen8 A1 ^1 N/ y* T4 P1 C1 s
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ ^2 v, a! z: D% E0 j( J' n
5 S' G' e7 G$ w9 j5 B1 A
Action by Owners and Management% T) y0 F" _2 o
81. Traders’ boycott
% W8 e# G+ W) `# Y5 L 82. Refusal to let or sell property4 X; N) i- y7 M
83. Lockout
a: s0 A0 |, q& O+ o7 q0 W 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ B) b- j1 D% l. t3 i% e3 { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; y! _8 c/ [7 w3 ~8 [, ] |
- e3 ^- _6 E9 J! j1 H3 vAction by Holders of Financial Resources
- |: G ?1 i! g7 o2 ~8 ^ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, K$ J/ ~1 v: n7 F% Z( T 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' M0 g3 m: S& F }
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ c; V# ^1 z: @: J4 I
89. Severance of funds and credit
1 W' T& C1 N4 {( Y& Q6 L( k3 g 90. Revenue refusal
& q! E8 `; P: I$ m2 P- @ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
! }- T) }1 b7 k( k/ v1 F; Q0 C2 \4 L* b$ H
Action by Governments
u$ j7 C* }' q _: `' E; C7 \, t3 r 92. Domestic embargo
* M# F: T3 M; j) [$ [( I! y- X d& R 93. Blacklisting of traders6 Q! J) p% v! h) S
94. International sellers’ embargo
0 |; K% ^; P/ ~ 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ v2 Z$ `+ j ^0 {- ?7 A2 D+ | 96. International trade embargo; v( s' p8 K+ _: s) M( n- y; O5 O
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" U3 I3 O0 }7 f4 u }
. b, E4 a9 k& P4 h. V5 D3 }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
& O2 v8 m5 d/ f- ^" S( d/ l8 v W7 u6 T% m
: U8 ~5 ]; q- w# [
Symbolic Strikes
7 H3 k, b- N) y7 i& h& d3 s$ E 97. Protest strike
; k8 L( t$ R2 s- H 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). W4 Y( \8 _( b- _; v: V
/ {7 ?+ Y. _$ |7 UAgricultural Strikes4 x# g2 E L# I2 i
99. Peasant strike7 m9 j7 v h, H8 k2 A
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) ~; `0 ?5 ~! t% w
: w9 c2 x7 A/ R" Q5 c, ~Strikes by Special Groups6 s+ g: U8 @1 D% m( [% `
101. Refusal of impressed labor. u2 X9 n; w/ V+ t. H' J
102. Prisoners’ strike9 D: B! Q2 O5 L$ R2 W
103. Craft strike
H9 i% H5 j" E 104. Professional strike
8 o3 X2 \9 f& H' D% _
% ]! O5 u. v; `/ a# H0 k A) m r9 L" MOrdinary Industrial Strikes
0 C: e9 A- n6 c4 T; G- s. P8 E$ N4 k 105. Establishment strike: ~' c/ `3 o/ |( O, q8 d
106. Industry strike
' O4 \! u. H* [ 107. Sympathetic strike
7 X) q+ t3 l. d0 e. [/ O
! U+ j6 `/ H' ^1 lRestricted Strikes
! k) f2 T6 {/ Y5 y* [$ g; x+ l 108. Detailed strike
" S# Z$ U# ]1 r2 _! Z4 X 109. Bumper strike u3 f3 Y* I3 G' _4 c
110. Slowdown strike
2 O9 k) A8 K# r 111. Working-to-rule strike
1 z) c0 r) {6 v9 z e- r 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- G! C" V$ N- b5 G( X 113. Strike by resignation3 ?. P( E* |* x4 b+ C! V+ Q
114. Limited strike0 ]; `4 W/ g6 K& G: Z6 x" o
115. Selective strike0 f( t: U( v% p7 X! P
2 H1 ~$ f1 l- G6 c: m: n* d2 jMulti-Industry Strikes5 k1 m# j. Q( c
8 d( L* g! j+ I" w' e+ B- i 116. Generalized strike
# K" t( M$ U8 I5 b& l; i7 e: O: h3 D2 ?5 u7 F, }( O9 ^5 M
117. General strike1 P8 W% T% I# z5 D
1 m% |/ d, P. D- SCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 k& ?$ O' |8 c4 }: M) ]6 y, ]4 i0 _7 ]
118. Hartal& q! S6 h% R9 M. d, M' Y
' v- I# @/ |7 |. W7 u! s8 X7 ]
119. Economic shutdown/ d0 G" G8 ]0 m% u8 H, D5 [
`9 W2 |- q" p' ? / {; d# ^0 X6 S9 q2 ~
t9 l/ n# ?; H% y
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ u/ O' b& ^5 M( O" _; L1 H
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Rejection of Authority3 v. r+ K8 x! o1 C- F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 v5 J5 q" ^, _ 121. Refusal of public support% L0 x& D9 x. F( @) L
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance* y9 m' ]( Y$ |
. S! P& J [. A# G
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
b% {( b9 @7 Z9 |/ U- n# k3 k1 k 123. Boycott of legislative bodies) x; z4 b$ G5 k+ r8 d
124. Boycott of elections
8 q) `1 F) b, o' y4 z4 P: U9 c" X 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 S3 P! ^. K& X H& j) X8 h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' p& x# w3 O1 l& P3 x0 D. Y
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( B' ^# g4 g, |4 ^+ V 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; E. k4 Z f. x. b! M. N$ T& Q: h/ s
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. q: h' N6 @* r+ g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks+ r# m/ }. q# [) z" V
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 M0 u1 @6 B( P( e! A) G
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. w+ Q, ], U7 d' I2 x, C- c$ G+ S" d
' x$ W7 n' q& }- h! \2 m+ ]
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, }5 @" v, e K, T: d 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& Z/ {2 `$ a/ g+ y; ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ q3 W! e1 p+ ~; Z \! a1 Z
135. Popular nonobedience2 a" M! N: L I$ h* x( j
136. Disguised disobedience7 y- p( m! B- h+ h" ~+ K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 L3 M* e* w. `2 K i
138. Sitdown" b9 }1 h- D0 c+ q+ i" @$ ^
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 k# i( Z: J: m3 ?1 I* G
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. u% }! f9 F* o3 ?' a$ ^ K
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( m( G. b8 F1 r' d
, I& Y" L1 t4 H% j3 ]4 m0 TAction by Government Personnel5 z1 N9 l( R' {7 v- B/ a: I, k
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: ^7 \- |( T2 F& x M$ V
143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 S6 a( g1 K1 H/ g. m
144. Stalling and obstruction4 c3 ~: [, B% d9 T
145. General administrative noncooperation
: R% I6 y% j6 ]" {, j9 S6 X1 s4 V" s* }2 o" e. ^) c. L
146. Judicial noncooperation0 h& U! c$ I& }' H
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. h, v* N9 j$ J, U# v# R
148. Mutiny
! a( H% p, d6 ODomestic Governmental Action& ?' x3 T' k! C0 \5 E: B0 e
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 l8 m2 F9 M' { 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
p+ J0 q" Z( ^$ w, t7 x( V3 J! z: i" K. r7 r
International Governmental Action
0 f6 ~' l, K, T0 s9 R( i4 s 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 |. ^1 ^# W+ E( g) k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! f; \7 E6 {" ]6 }- L
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 H+ R, g7 t1 n 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 }1 q/ O) A* L% }! | 155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ T- [$ w$ M4 y
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 y/ N( k) x: J$ \4 R2 l
157. Expulsion from international organizations% T4 K8 O: K- k' h% a: x j$ M
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0 {- U x" J+ a7 z5 p/ r
: z, F( s. d5 d% `THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 @6 L `8 [( m6 \$ o9 _4 S3 @' e& i
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Psychological Intervention
0 x' X6 \$ {, z# d& W 158. Self-exposure to the elements
& c5 e0 |) W& @* N' z 159. The fast; W2 m6 M" F5 x" g; T9 Q/ @8 x+ j2 k
a) Fast of moral pressure
! v% P8 a) L3 k: l" l5 I8 Z b) Hunger strike" R6 I0 R0 T/ v3 N( m
c) Satyagrahic fast8 \) Z. `$ O' Y; e5 t8 [
160. Reverse trial- [/ k! X+ a# q, {! s7 \. g- q1 A
161. Nonviolent harassment' p2 I6 C2 @5 }
% {# P! H5 g$ i* L4 ^2 v, h
Physical Intervention% U* W, N0 p( b; D+ }; P7 _6 Z- m
162. Sit-in7 k3 t# F4 k! q- W& p7 u7 D1 R
163. Stand-in
0 p" G( G5 @) f& p+ ~) V 164. Ride-in
8 y: J2 j: Y4 G: t ~ 165. Wade-in: n) E9 W* `5 a; n. Z# `
166. Mill-in
* r/ n6 R* w6 e6 _1 ^* J! I+ A 167. Pray-in
$ ^% Y! R, ^" k( @5 }' y4 ^ 168. Nonviolent raids% G( S& p2 J1 C: @1 G
169. Nonviolent air raids
: |, N% R% q8 [3 `+ w1 C& ?9 e2 M6 T 170. Nonviolent invasion' Q' {" ?5 b/ N. m; o0 W& K1 K ]
171. Nonviolent interjection. i( f C/ ?7 g, s# c& q0 U! o
172. Nonviolent obstruction) N3 ~6 s% }) X- r
173. Nonviolent occupation
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1 k; v8 b8 g& `Social Intervention
5 G) s# _. r6 m p. D' c8 d 174. Establishing new social patterns8 J: s1 ?* P( { p$ |- p* D! ]7 B
175. Overloading of facilities
+ w4 S) a6 ^/ Q 176. Stall-in
5 O4 H% U7 u* }; O 177. Speak-in
' \7 P! P: d* r* G' l 178. Guerrilla theater- W% R5 }/ m+ L* j2 t% z. k
179. Alternative social institutions
8 B0 u9 O- r0 O. d& O 180. Alternative communication system
+ {+ D# j j, b N- x8 W4 C1 [
Economic Intervention' O4 _$ v, w- j
181. Reverse strike
; q/ i8 x' z) F7 }" `" J 182. Stay-in strike
1 ~7 K7 |; S8 k% \! L$ h) \$ w 183. Nonviolent land seizure G1 {4 \$ ^, C
184. Defiance of blockades$ a7 C. s9 e% H! F
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 S9 o" K) t6 y) {( D6 x$ W
186. Preclusive purchasing- k9 H, F2 D# w2 F2 ^2 m8 K
187. Seizure of assets! Y4 E2 f, ~6 y( V
188. Dumping. O E% X2 _" }1 \% y% }
189. Selective patronage6 K8 C6 @* v$ r: a6 J% C2 o
190. Alternative markets! y5 A N7 \- M1 l( ]
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 V/ n3 ^/ E0 R$ x; f 192. Alternative economic institutions
P. `. q0 k& H6 P6 A( H7 i8 B2 u# ?- D
Political Intervention2 d4 Q( m2 Q5 A5 o, P
193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 _! ?. W( K1 \" Y2 N 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ P" g" z. l9 @. n R
195. Seeking imprisonment0 a6 k0 @: L/ ]9 Z% x
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 t1 B8 v$ {, W3 v
197. Work-on without collaboration
9 T; h- e5 m. N& {' v 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 E/ _6 S; z0 \: P! p
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
