 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: t% a: _/ ~2 b- {) F. F
Formal Statements( }. x- Q% x3 F* P/ o4 o+ e7 q
1. Public Speeches
- Z, B. r* h; l( w7 `0 z) { 2. Letters of opposition or support8 M4 i* c2 w) I) g
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: A" F |* ^6 n+ G: K- B
4. Signed public statements
# W7 A' v8 ~. h% g. V3 Z, ] 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ R$ U6 }3 x5 h3 |9 f! }) E6 } 6. Group or mass petitions, J" R& j4 g" Y/ z3 }, [5 t
2 l7 o% I$ |# R; P: `/ fCommunications with a Wider Audience
. S* O, Q8 B' _; y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 X2 ]8 E) H/ Z5 y+ V2 s 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: B! x( f( y/ K7 X8 z) A
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! D. N/ h& u# x' ~ 10. Newspapers and journals
. P, h. _9 p/ O" c6 j$ G/ s 11. Records, radio, and television
5 w' C+ X, s7 F+ o6 w 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* y- Q" V+ }( s( H
1 f# I% | T+ {7 N2 {3 HGroup Representations: f0 J9 c3 s. i
13. Deputations( [! X5 J, \8 d3 l
14. Mock awards
' S) U/ Y3 _ d1 K3 Q7 | 15. Group lobbying
! o) E A/ H ?* M1 v" s) I$ \ 16. Picketing
7 N. X7 J% }* V7 _$ k: Q! n 17. Mock elections
6 X. }* q3 M8 h/ U& g$ k: U+ B; {0 d& ]/ J0 S- Y" z
Symbolic Public Acts/ o9 V' O1 K$ Q2 D; K& F
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% N6 |' h V, U& f
19. Wearing of symbols
! m! `* U8 L+ j' D, V 20. Prayer and worship2 u2 w0 B# D; j7 p
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 a* g, B, e" y+ o% e% b- i) ] 22. Protest disrobings
4 |9 z8 H; Z9 T# e9 p( u7 f 23. Destruction of own property6 s- j! P8 Y; k& k5 K
24. Symbolic lights8 S" Y- T. X5 u& S4 X8 p5 b3 ^
25. Displays of portraits
8 d: r1 ~9 H- c2 C. r" B) k3 a& c" I 26. Paint as protest
) M6 Q* w% b0 x 27. New signs and names) |( N2 Y( E6 `* S4 g
28. Symbolic sounds
( V$ H) U- ?# f 29. Symbolic reclamations9 z' N7 R$ ]1 [" A
30. Rude gestures
3 k9 O/ L) l) e1 l; K, R3 i2 S8 _. X# }" H& t
Pressures on Individuals
+ `3 S, N5 l$ n0 b- j: `6 Q0 H 31. “Haunting” officials4 j9 ~0 I' Q6 p# _0 Q" D
32. Taunting officials. n' J& b5 }- h/ ^; P) G) }
33. Fraternization1 Y8 w9 B1 z! x# B' L. u' Z
34. Vigils
8 T5 L8 y, o& v3 F+ { T" c( s; Y7 I b1 |- S/ _( j4 E
Drama and Music, ^( W. Z- M7 v- A
35. Humorous skits and pranks; a6 D- @; z7 Q
36. Performances of plays and music# P7 O% s2 O3 n) l% O
37. Singing1 W$ h: p5 ?; c+ Y
, y P% t1 K3 `5 T4 U
Processions3 \! B2 f$ o k. B/ g _) r/ e
38. Marches
( t0 ^) m3 _$ k; w 39. Parades
5 t3 k% ?% a C" A+ i) i) A 40. Religious processions
4 i+ S5 g6 o; M9 ]% s 41. Pilgrimages4 H* G; a; w9 D# g2 e
42. Motorcades
7 v' Y- n; E! X2 b/ a! I/ {- K* q5 z) d* g! [
Honoring the Dead
$ O0 K7 w% C* n3 V+ M7 i 43. Political mourning$ {2 f+ v5 m% G9 i9 X
44. Mock funerals/ S2 m" d2 v7 S: ~6 L- w
45. Demonstrative funerals- G0 t' k: ~4 G _, T8 s
46. Homage at burial places
2 x! b- j0 p5 K: u* f. ~2 ^/ X$ q. l' |
Public Assemblies
3 E% R) B0 X* i' [ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 ?6 P0 {; Y' G! K' C9 { 48. Protest meetings
5 C7 y# E! `' u+ r3 r% [& ] 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 h& t7 c6 g8 {$ F" f$ o: f 50. Teach-ins
, s/ `2 D& n6 T4 O* \$ I7 z1 p$ {: g& I
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 z6 Z$ e$ e8 h6 o' R. H; N
51. Walk-outs. y4 p0 T, ~4 _) W3 |( K: T& D8 X3 ~
52. Silence
8 ~3 n9 N4 U+ z; J) u9 R" Y% x 53. Renouncing honors
3 D( I$ c7 @( V4 G: s 54. Turning one’s back
3 @$ j' l8 h. i) [$ U5 B% Q
4 {5 `& i* z# J- w5 G" z) X ) q; V2 k; \! F5 y8 v7 `
* d: l Z, r2 T, g. ~( C, mTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 v& J1 a+ ?5 m
2 |! }1 c5 h7 Y; E . n) w9 p Q0 ^
* G& W+ g/ v$ m' A" g9 JOstracism of Persons# J2 J: x$ d0 d" O7 i& l+ v) R# ~
55. Social boycott
( [" c9 R6 X ? 56. Selective social boycott
% [: a5 [- H; n9 b 57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ @/ w4 c ]9 b' u( M 58. Excommunication
" m' w: s, ~( o5 B; v- ` 59. Interdict
8 W* Q, R$ K: L0 v6 H3 C1 R8 B i
0 j$ K8 J% I/ L# {. ZNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) w! r3 K: _7 b( ^ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" t1 |' C0 f8 L1 O. @; [4 g 61. Boycott of social affairs
# P- H) s- {( D$ ?4 A& l 62. Student strike
8 g" t2 h' t: N% u& J 63. Social disobedience
5 ^, V: i1 x' V* i& C 64. Withdrawal from social institutions# d/ }! F1 n: {& I* o1 O9 L
: Q1 N* O @# ?0 v' n4 O' iWithdrawal from the Social System
! K, W: C7 I$ D" ` 65. Stay-at-home$ Z2 N2 f7 E: s- A7 l
66. Total personal noncooperation0 k0 j3 R8 v. F. r4 v2 ]3 b
67. “Flight” of workers: j5 D2 X* |6 u
68. Sanctuary
# i, y: K! O1 _$ ]' \ 69. Collective disappearance* u3 \! ~1 ~% i" A0 Z" [, {
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
4 n0 J! I* H- L3 h4 p( |1 X& x4 ?+ o" d: R% {) Q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 C4 v2 `/ i0 R% |/ _- S$ `
+ J7 f! V9 f \ D" k0 a8 w . q. [# I7 i" Q6 a
Actions by Consumers; a% L, a* R/ s4 `* b+ Z
71. Consumers’ boycott
6 U$ B; g0 q2 \- X$ e, H6 P 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* M& `: u! e/ z( a 73. Policy of austerity
4 V9 w0 G% m% L+ Q 74. Rent withholding
! w+ P( a4 I+ j* r8 ^5 }$ g! D9 x 75. Refusal to rent9 b: S& a" c5 Q3 P" }
76. National consumers’ boycott; F7 U: ]! |: m7 J K1 G& `) y4 b
77. International consumers’ boycott
" {$ q1 r1 S* }5 s$ `7 S! o7 b0 s1 f/ B
Action by Workers and Producers
+ f! A+ A: i8 F# J* Z* ? 78. Workmen’s boycott# S4 E$ w, _# a% N( B% o
79. Producers’ boycott
% M- q/ n4 N) y
) c. k2 P$ I$ N- h0 v! O: i. `Action by Middlemen1 [& h; M9 }+ l8 F" v- _
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" B' K: Q$ Y8 N( r" m: i7 k% Q2 E
: g8 Y! d2 `( a' M& O G
Action by Owners and Management
, o# \% V0 ]6 O" s8 d) G 81. Traders’ boycott1 Q8 s. }2 k! _# t' Z8 Q8 u' ~/ u# p
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! _9 r% q$ w6 k 83. Lockout4 w' W4 o. Z+ c \6 s
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* f8 i! y% U; D% \ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. V4 G( v* n9 ~' b: w( C V4 S8 L- Z0 H& M; Y0 z9 U. n& S
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( U: }3 B) @# c) x! k, e& w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: W7 C& K" [- w3 A3 M& }0 B
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) z# ?: x; h- m2 z: V7 T
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( ?3 y9 B/ g1 b0 ^! z 89. Severance of funds and credit) Z( Z1 J) ?1 P8 F5 X( x
90. Revenue refusal
' ^/ @ ^& Q( ]! @ 91. Refusal of a government’s money/ G2 {% u3 l% Y5 ^5 M# v3 }3 S
( C- {/ o0 T% _ H EAction by Governments; y& E! e% p! `6 o: _$ a
92. Domestic embargo
* |3 B8 U1 [) x9 q, O 93. Blacklisting of traders# p5 h, s$ J0 x0 A% I' ^5 B' r
94. International sellers’ embargo& [) h+ Y: `% T
95. International buyers’ embargo% j4 y8 o. T1 t7 F6 W: ^
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% H. G( l5 L6 f
3 j% ^6 J! n' c) @
' I: ?( r* h$ P" y& ]Symbolic Strikes4 f$ `+ n4 z2 P9 n* e. {5 v
97. Protest strike
" @# p+ d* x5 o) l1 x 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ b: i- L1 V8 e M# K; U, }! c3 I9 x8 X% g: T
Agricultural Strikes
6 r0 H- k# n/ w$ S- p& Q 99. Peasant strike
' s4 H) a: w9 g 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 ~+ w* s5 W/ y" q! L; m2 M' r) E e) F1 a# n, J9 G4 Y
Strikes by Special Groups
* ~3 J' V7 t+ c; x9 d! s+ x 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ p8 Z7 K0 Q7 o8 u. z0 }5 u r* R 102. Prisoners’ strike
; y* I& a; ~0 D# Q: t" A3 E 103. Craft strike
& N# d" i m! J! y$ I! t 104. Professional strike
6 M) O6 `9 n7 q O
2 k1 }; k1 t2 D* E z7 v" g: mOrdinary Industrial Strikes
# B* R2 u$ E G6 K* W; ? 105. Establishment strike
( L" l) x! c% n0 a1 |9 ~ 106. Industry strike9 G# J a& O) x
107. Sympathetic strike
5 k$ r% y, O/ A! {1 S t
4 S( r% A# _/ U) r9 URestricted Strikes
) }$ z) a* S n! w5 o2 B2 g4 i 108. Detailed strike
. [6 [+ y1 |/ w: n2 I0 I. ?& ? 109. Bumper strike
0 C6 f h; L; H( }; A 110. Slowdown strike- d. k" r& |) u* @8 j. p( ]7 S
111. Working-to-rule strike) J2 H6 B1 e; U3 b8 R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ p4 J7 |% s F2 p: b 113. Strike by resignation9 z' J, _5 ~* b, ]) Z. {, K& ^
114. Limited strike4 Y$ S3 }0 ^. P/ }6 G+ m9 |
115. Selective strike1 [5 r3 A! s0 U/ D$ n) p2 F* R8 ?) A S
' q$ i2 F9 ~2 y: IMulti-Industry Strikes
2 t4 I: F; t$ W& a: M5 Q2 ]' f# m6 L; g& P: `- [
116. Generalized strike% q& z9 h8 ^: p4 e
# i g) e9 v: N; G( I 117. General strike2 U& Q2 o: J3 }7 |: Q
! Q/ m# J# y8 r6 ^, K/ C4 VCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ L' `7 ^2 s2 I8 A. {
9 q' O7 C7 P& i$ O3 L- p" \# l 118. Hartal! h0 H# O# ~/ y! K1 u) X) ?/ |
3 U( D2 C! s U7 V2 G/ h 119. Economic shutdown
# V0 y1 v* R& b% _" R* F6 Y. k7 H; Q" s6 @9 g
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0 _% }- I$ A, i- w0 ^4 x/ V2 qTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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& @5 P1 h% [5 E. Q% Z" n$ x Y K1 y
; F1 W, ^6 j+ ]! d+ ^" x' j; lRejection of Authority* P f8 Y9 ]6 Z( j) q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& c: s$ q0 X# _* n0 T
121. Refusal of public support3 S- e7 Q* l- C# q) Z$ ^ F
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& q. N$ S& Z/ u' N' J
$ _8 D9 @7 J! M7 qCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" t# ^1 m$ X% W. l/ [ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( t7 N- w- J9 K1 b. }0 l: u 124. Boycott of elections4 `# [& B5 h5 C
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 D, c1 i9 T/ @$ w" L 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ S/ r6 }1 [/ n5 w9 s) o2 \
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: ?9 e9 C& Y0 S( e% G2 w: u 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. w& u4 s& [2 Q3 T 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 v% N& b1 l" h8 c1 B, Z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: _7 N6 e, t: ^% _! n2 M- a
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
i# M. ~1 _* Q- a8 ]+ S 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% A9 ?/ f/ o' R9 d; F4 y ?! d1 Z+ J5 s0 W+ V0 E
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 \3 n' l1 x/ x( e* q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 ^. h' ?5 I# t! R# R, ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ r2 O1 P5 k' E* K. Q8 d8 c
135. Popular nonobedience
* Z' U' H$ Z9 Q) u- X% e B 136. Disguised disobedience
8 e" j0 w& T# a* }! }, O 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ U& G7 J; i+ } 138. Sitdown' A: [% Z9 U5 m# i: W$ n, N& H& P
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* e! f) k- V; ^3 } 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
z7 m7 ~1 {5 z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ ^9 i K( e+ z) m5 O' F9 w7 e4 a
Action by Government Personnel
7 v* y+ d! s1 ?5 ]# i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 E) i) v, b- b- \, G w
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ r% S) W y& M: t1 I: N9 E, ~% d
144. Stalling and obstruction" } L2 o9 e' u- ~
145. General administrative noncooperation/ t4 ^; I7 [9 G% W! e" }8 A3 M
- J, E. B* q4 X3 S3 F, P! n
146. Judicial noncooperation
3 s) z. k' J5 n W+ D 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 F% s" q4 D& |% K" _ Y K 148. Mutiny6 m: [3 I/ g3 T+ T/ F y
Domestic Governmental Action
3 i8 v% _2 Z0 y$ e$ D' F; R' ^# D 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& I4 A& z0 j' B 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- q1 z5 a+ u* L4 A
: ?# y' j0 s) a2 r ^6 L4 u H) H S2 q6 JInternational Governmental Action
$ G9 j8 z1 J" j. z1 y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" y0 Z# z$ f+ r 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 _( h# g) B6 |, l! t0 p
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; m3 r* A* o1 g# Y6 y 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, r U# v9 G) }+ s2 W& r' ^) L: B+ x 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ ?. L0 _% S9 m0 k9 Z6 b) l 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' L& [* y/ f \2 e0 x 157. Expulsion from international organizations
- W0 Q; ]$ u0 P, Z; x" O$ c: H( z- @5 q; [1 b, w/ Z$ E
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3 A# y+ e+ u/ ?" D, H' NTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! i6 r$ |( o% ?. b9 f
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Psychological Intervention
7 q. H; b% L; b3 m7 x 158. Self-exposure to the elements
! {8 R9 h. l" o& R1 u 159. The fast
5 V( h; W: Z2 ^& d8 Z' Y3 q a) Fast of moral pressure
A/ V! t I; @& }+ D ~9 @) R! I b) Hunger strike
) Y9 j: k6 f* i$ x6 @( @1 H c) Satyagrahic fast7 @( p* }5 k: T9 u3 }& j
160. Reverse trial
G: v6 j+ c2 I- d$ }& o, U8 A 161. Nonviolent harassment
7 G, q% a# `; o' F/ M% ^- C( v6 h% X
Physical Intervention
) D, W! L1 W" w4 r) @ 162. Sit-in9 ~- v8 ^' `! U) G/ g
163. Stand-in
. y1 ~# U- `0 ?# ]& Q 164. Ride-in7 z" J, z3 z# ~& [$ s# c7 C$ r! G
165. Wade-in" ^; y8 L' X# z: n6 Y( t+ ~2 `
166. Mill-in% J* B9 G7 e: s% N9 t. v' i
167. Pray-in7 l- S! o/ c. [, W
168. Nonviolent raids# \/ [2 ?7 C/ j* w$ s
169. Nonviolent air raids
: b4 h/ ]7 h' X) x+ `8 Y: j" h 170. Nonviolent invasion
! O1 t; ^/ p' H: O 171. Nonviolent interjection
( e! i( {" b9 O9 i 172. Nonviolent obstruction5 o7 g- L X8 j- Z
173. Nonviolent occupation2 o0 T# f8 h9 Z1 I" o
$ J4 e, m' Z8 @! z D
Social Intervention2 J9 j! V0 a# m" w8 Y- g
174. Establishing new social patterns: i8 H- I ], ]( P X, c/ [
175. Overloading of facilities! ^' C/ r3 z$ I
176. Stall-in
0 @9 \) h) f! a% z4 _) N, f4 L% v 177. Speak-in
+ k) {3 O$ y* v$ P/ e6 ~ 178. Guerrilla theater- m0 u2 i2 {6 O1 j* P& d4 q+ w6 T
179. Alternative social institutions
0 F$ s/ j4 c' |3 c4 a/ d 180. Alternative communication system J m; H' Y! @5 m& ^
; P4 N! D' w' ~7 @Economic Intervention
( R1 n2 O/ ~. d/ J 181. Reverse strike
; U/ P8 p4 q4 y) p6 s( Y 182. Stay-in strike
: D' g; \* ]" x& e$ f: g 183. Nonviolent land seizure
* |7 ]. I7 A+ H3 s 184. Defiance of blockades/ X: p& `) q; `: w) E5 u
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* K: ]/ q2 h5 B- D
186. Preclusive purchasing
6 s% Y7 h2 L/ ~3 R: b 187. Seizure of assets8 L/ h, P' |+ Z+ _, R
188. Dumping
. }" V9 c+ o0 R6 h" u+ `5 [ 189. Selective patronage
, i j, L* K, D P3 W. { 190. Alternative markets
2 U( i$ ^ P) Z$ p" l7 B0 \ 191. Alternative transportation systems2 Q3 a4 s1 g9 p' @% ]3 A+ R
192. Alternative economic institutions$ }: y L& r# T+ L$ C
1 n& n; K; _7 d: C. y
Political Intervention& F9 [0 Y! O. ~8 S X# r$ E) m
193. Overloading of administrative systems
. Z( u5 A9 p5 z9 ?1 y5 @5 S6 U 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 M! n7 Q4 @% } 195. Seeking imprisonment
; d5 k! C0 ^8 m 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 H0 L* T, @1 E 197. Work-on without collaboration
u) }! m$ E$ h0 b) e 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ u5 t. _$ {+ X M# N8 N
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
