 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 E$ {" z) k' j4 B! q/ F0 D% uFormal Statements' I+ Z: @/ k* X/ {5 `
1. Public Speeches
1 x* m; A6 [8 t" ^3 n: D 2. Letters of opposition or support
4 z4 q% A$ P U* k- h% Z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: c7 L1 q: v; N' s: m) e- l0 \ 4. Signed public statements
" D" D& ?8 H4 s/ P) R 5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 O# d# C, {- e# d9 Z
6. Group or mass petitions
& Q9 k! @8 g& J+ \- V; f5 {
! P1 ?. S/ M Z! o" C( ACommunications with a Wider Audience
/ r4 u# Y6 Y! R* k" K6 e 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols! s7 k. b' m. C) y" z$ P+ J
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% A$ N$ M; L4 O! m; F) M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: ^& |4 A1 _% o- w1 v% h1 S
10. Newspapers and journals3 B6 B/ B9 O' u/ W- j4 n7 e
11. Records, radio, and television* T8 q& ^! Q9 h$ o
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! s3 p' `; ]+ m7 V* M# u! i/ O; E# j: y
) M4 J* D3 D2 s, @/ }; dGroup Representations- c; T& e* K1 ~: W3 T8 O1 s
13. Deputations( e& v- M' z, e" _3 c- T* S
14. Mock awards8 q: x& K( l' Q' f. K
15. Group lobbying7 T& P$ J! r5 t/ j$ z, G
16. Picketing4 M1 a' r- _" ?4 C+ D! T6 k
17. Mock elections4 j! M. O* m k; b6 y
: W: m, d: r6 D ^+ o8 ` V
Symbolic Public Acts n# J5 i9 {1 [! A p
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 _8 `2 x* H; |( j/ N 19. Wearing of symbols
/ g" w7 q: R+ M3 J 20. Prayer and worship1 Q$ i, O0 O+ L# B3 V
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 I7 ^0 [$ W4 a" {
22. Protest disrobings4 Q- Y) Z4 ^6 J2 m) E9 c
23. Destruction of own property
' Z3 B) F" S1 ]" H& R! H: B- A 24. Symbolic lights
7 g" Q8 _$ [+ L* m 25. Displays of portraits
0 Q! ]# \2 ]6 Q5 ^' ] u+ g! n 26. Paint as protest
7 |6 n+ f% ]2 x 27. New signs and names- G5 c: n+ r8 f$ Z# v9 ~/ o
28. Symbolic sounds
8 D% _. [# n+ [5 d: @7 k; T/ w 29. Symbolic reclamations' w# G3 j5 m+ _0 l# q: g
30. Rude gestures
* \6 G' {' ?7 X. X: J% u/ J1 t3 a: m+ h; G' ^' `6 _
Pressures on Individuals
: _5 H, l& e5 i8 o* D7 m5 x' h 31. “Haunting” officials
' [4 W; h2 X. U1 e* J( ]6 f$ J 32. Taunting officials
- U/ u- @8 d$ c/ ` 33. Fraternization
1 L1 R* C6 h6 N( d+ v 34. Vigils4 J2 f6 D* u+ U& e1 j
( ~. j/ U8 U: Q+ N- E! \# t4 F5 p' rDrama and Music8 w/ e& F# U h! |& m4 t; U- a
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 W( R4 ~/ e$ Y' U, s9 h* z
36. Performances of plays and music
8 V' T2 n2 n' v/ R. } 37. Singing
: D; r& j1 G: @! E2 `) }5 u8 I: x/ V4 Z; J
Processions5 \) `; ~' }0 U" [; O
38. Marches
1 n/ C2 q. ]' Z4 m$ z2 _ 39. Parades2 U. W8 E0 u* c$ |& l
40. Religious processions
1 Z/ L" P. v# Q 41. Pilgrimages
# `% X& ^5 ^/ i, R# M 42. Motorcades
: x Y4 H& m* O# l
- J( t8 {, c( O) S6 C) I+ G7 }Honoring the Dead9 S# y& R1 ]+ L: k, ^
43. Political mourning
, U% ]3 p" c4 G4 m, J' O 44. Mock funerals: ?: a$ n0 P9 N+ ]
45. Demonstrative funerals
* G" e/ D0 }/ L( N) D6 V 46. Homage at burial places
8 @" o# l) i( E5 `# u( l8 u j/ ~5 u+ \- B0 x3 Z& I
Public Assemblies
$ C9 j2 l+ e) s# D+ X 47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 \! S# U( B( u/ t: g! J+ v 48. Protest meetings
7 e+ X- a6 d6 Q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 f! ~5 s$ @0 c9 ^ 50. Teach-ins. N5 N4 S. k, h" I- d
, }2 R% p0 X9 X- I
Withdrawal and Renunciation7 _$ s6 R( {, }- G% x' E6 R c* U
51. Walk-outs
# Q) M, z2 T8 ?% y; c2 F3 b' l 52. Silence
0 l; b, u% \ B4 E 53. Renouncing honors& ?$ R' N3 V1 g' d/ q
54. Turning one’s back
% v7 p. P3 V6 {: [+ j
( o. C- _8 H0 [& n0 [ ) ^* u* ~% ~. U2 e/ X" ]* \: J8 i
5 e& W4 l W- v; e/ h! M1 D3 w
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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7 W' K1 Q# m6 m
Ostracism of Persons
4 g. x9 q, O# O3 ]2 i 55. Social boycott
# D5 j ?8 v, W( D8 @ 56. Selective social boycott
3 y+ b" j7 ^4 I) _- D* ]4 G: Z+ M" U 57. Lysistratic nonaction {6 n8 K) E6 {9 |
58. Excommunication) Q" T- H; V- B, w: y
59. Interdict) u) b$ {% _* c
- I) b f& L: J0 J0 pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions' \4 |, A5 X; x, E0 Y3 ]
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 s0 J$ A5 }/ [6 O- G& ` 61. Boycott of social affairs, d! ^% l' Q$ ]
62. Student strike. t8 D( O8 Y B( O6 [2 g! L
63. Social disobedience5 {, f. p; ?. q' U% I
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 B+ T! m4 m% X5 t$ s( S. _7 |
Withdrawal from the Social System: y* W: Y2 w2 i
65. Stay-at-home
& N; z' ]0 v! r p# d& [ 66. Total personal noncooperation: \; C& v/ i5 F* {% i; ^6 x; y
67. “Flight” of workers
* W0 Z) o3 y0 U) z1 S 68. Sanctuary% U j, D" Q6 p% X' `
69. Collective disappearance1 M! a) Y: T% w9 S" N
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 R1 h( h" `' t8 v5 q, [& h& n/ m
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0 j% j# B1 A0 \; }- c
' e8 |! J9 h/ j8 M _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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/ }9 H( z. O' P2 z2 j/ `3 a4 M
/ A. e9 x* m3 C1 U# AActions by Consumers
2 s5 \( [, V1 y1 _ 71. Consumers’ boycott
2 {" h& P% d; T; |, H3 S 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. D3 m, R/ C) @+ }) ?( |5 D, n8 p% K. O
73. Policy of austerity
+ J- @5 f; F4 B4 _) p# H% E7 w 74. Rent withholding
& K! a& ~6 {* h, @ 75. Refusal to rent. V& r! ^' s9 k) e* E
76. National consumers’ boycott
3 O2 |& |. v E! }7 m 77. International consumers’ boycott: ?8 ~" n' Z) z+ L, G
/ a/ a/ R0 y- ^. V9 e+ qAction by Workers and Producers6 Q, [% ]: y7 }
78. Workmen’s boycott' q5 x3 j3 e3 J8 |- D5 l
79. Producers’ boycott
5 S3 t! H3 r6 {! h7 T
* W- e1 r% O! C$ HAction by Middlemen
( U2 `$ a' \( ~" i0 a7 @ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. q4 c8 y. t$ l6 K& `7 d6 L
. w0 i7 k7 ~- v/ m7 F2 B7 \Action by Owners and Management
9 y O; w7 E* C" [- {- n& U# Q 81. Traders’ boycott
1 L# c8 z" y1 s1 k 82. Refusal to let or sell property
' J+ ?" ]' w3 v7 B 83. Lockout$ i1 x5 s+ B) I, S2 Q. P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance \5 n" B) X. _7 `. v
85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ R7 N8 P% _7 F9 j! r
8 b& X3 T/ E, e0 m2 X0 lAction by Holders of Financial Resources/ l( @5 K% w8 l+ { Q8 n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 B' ?0 F) [" w' x( A
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% `$ u, y8 _ K4 Y0 V 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, K: Z! f- k& [; ]# M
89. Severance of funds and credit ], j4 v5 \5 J* S8 o& T
90. Revenue refusal9 `6 U, {7 ?( X( P* \, Z8 E/ ?
91. Refusal of a government’s money* V/ j$ a0 k# M5 a; O3 B7 V: a8 N
+ G1 }& H' M: n% J% u3 K
Action by Governments0 |. P: q! d5 L m! A0 j7 F
92. Domestic embargo8 F. a( u$ p5 F/ c
93. Blacklisting of traders) H O1 o6 k* d8 R$ w
94. International sellers’ embargo- Y( _+ E4 m6 Q- E
95. International buyers’ embargo5 }! M, Z9 F) `
96. International trade embargo) ?, G4 k; a% \5 w4 E+ F
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 x' g; l; u1 @# k
1 U( N' m# u @
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Symbolic Strikes
8 D+ ^3 b7 y; ^ 97. Protest strike
& F& T+ b8 S. G2 c; h7 p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# E) V0 z2 [) C; u- O% B3 F5 y: o
+ I! l4 J$ y/ z" u2 h+ F1 _Agricultural Strikes" o/ K# I& o. ?! \- S0 C& ]8 b
99. Peasant strike O8 M) K7 B, ?# {
100. Farm Workers’ strike4 i0 Z7 Y& d2 `' g; q$ W, |8 `
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Strikes by Special Groups
5 L) F I [5 z) }5 ?: f. Q* b; I 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 ^9 F$ G$ ^) V9 r. [ 102. Prisoners’ strike) I( R% f3 ?$ P" E: X
103. Craft strike: O' I* D# z3 r4 D
104. Professional strike
4 F# f+ l0 v. O9 ^) W) }
2 B3 J T+ H/ U1 @! D, COrdinary Industrial Strikes
3 \& L( J! R! Y) ~3 H 105. Establishment strike- ^. z( S4 `6 W
106. Industry strike- ~0 r8 a% U0 w# e$ ^- ^
107. Sympathetic strike6 \& ]- ^; a& _8 r; f* G
- }3 H( H1 d. c o/ O5 r
Restricted Strikes% Y2 E! d! t; Z0 @% Q' Y
108. Detailed strike; e1 b, ]: b" K, P5 t# D) ^
109. Bumper strike
6 P$ } R* t- n% g9 N 110. Slowdown strike* X& A7 y* p1 l0 T2 Y4 d( p
111. Working-to-rule strike
) H5 h0 ]6 t! ^ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( \0 t8 i' P8 I4 c7 ] 113. Strike by resignation' [' t( F6 z* b0 K$ n' T6 Z
114. Limited strike
3 \- \& J" W0 W/ {& H2 E0 H 115. Selective strike+ L# q4 `. T& j- F0 l# a1 M, |6 J- H
2 H# q+ q" [ Y! J$ G8 N
Multi-Industry Strikes7 a8 i( m3 U" V( F. O5 J. u
4 t% r2 S- R2 }( B7 N& c 116. Generalized strike% ^8 g& V" d+ S: |
/ Y8 _) y4 H/ I, F& @ 117. General strike: L5 w5 }7 _% ^* m; l9 d. d- x; ~
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 A: V" `: q; U# `
3 h5 u$ B* u9 A. E2 d2 n
118. Hartal" f1 G6 A# V9 [- q
# `7 J$ T9 W. |" k! [ 119. Economic shutdown4 d4 G# B) [7 K
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- O0 i5 u, Y+ C9 T# I" ETHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! W0 C! S* V0 h. y$ Z" k( t9 Z
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* j7 G- b( L3 c, y- X2 K
Rejection of Authority& @, Z p% l' U, m
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 e5 t/ a! b6 \
121. Refusal of public support4 a+ A" X. O1 y! V/ p3 s, w9 O5 z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# L" ?3 w5 `) g8 i
* M1 ~5 V) A4 G0 w; l2 I
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" v% j+ w |& H! I 123. Boycott of legislative bodies) \8 p/ E# r' d% _0 t) v
124. Boycott of elections, a$ S; B9 r4 q5 z& K6 D
125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 R$ c. b0 S: V3 t' E. M- I1 G3 Q4 \
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- N1 M0 L2 W5 h 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( w4 Y( m! ?1 J+ k+ ]( {' t
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 l# E3 j2 b7 i5 y: r+ [
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: Y" P+ ] b+ x- l; e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks+ g8 E# {- C3 A# q* r& t7 u5 w
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' X/ }$ A$ d% B) s4 \/ M5 { 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 N; q8 x7 c5 j6 [3 o
. p; q) E; r) K" O% X( TCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' t% P1 `& p. B. u* _' A: s' q" x4 F
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 Y- N7 i0 u, Y, H/ O* ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision n6 z8 A7 g7 z( e7 u
135. Popular nonobedience5 t; g' y$ j3 r& x
136. Disguised disobedience
( S& E. X0 ]2 n$ |; i8 V8 ?1 r) Z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# S! H, E* c( m0 _
138. Sitdown+ s+ p) F. h) ?1 z4 |) |* d
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ H, e' K( F1 u: L5 l6 t* }
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 P0 U- @1 z( k; T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws0 f. ~6 Z- Y3 L1 ^! d& Y; j0 |8 ]
5 m: z1 x5 X& Q: T! _
Action by Government Personnel* K1 U: |" M. I1 |
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 h. x5 ^) V( ~% |' B; M
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: ^% A+ F3 ]+ L# C9 D, e8 F K% f$ {! E 144. Stalling and obstruction6 ^& u2 ~% c- @
145. General administrative noncooperation
1 c3 @5 F u: A- s, J9 {4 r5 { J, Y7 h4 w
146. Judicial noncooperation
2 ]. G: I1 }* D9 L( d/ {6 W 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; A. M7 r0 r: Q" q$ u" ] 148. Mutiny
4 g+ o6 w/ [" |9 f: MDomestic Governmental Action
8 U! i3 O- @! b l0 E 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
E% j0 N# t1 C6 V! g+ F 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 N6 w) K7 k4 ]' p& `: x( R/ @. t
+ ~+ p9 R3 E, X# e$ g" H) d: VInternational Governmental Action5 | a/ {1 Q$ @( p0 N; m6 m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ [. ?' O% I, e 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 u+ y8 U. v- ]9 G" `
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 W" G/ r- I, r; o8 R 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 k$ n4 K: w5 U, ^' D9 Q
155. Withdrawal from international organizations; P4 H. A8 S$ a5 {( [
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 [- Q) ~" h" {) B4 e6 B 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 k& L3 j1 ^* O( S$ X% d3 e
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9 p; H8 A7 H6 X5 o6 T6 hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, Z4 f" M6 I+ l0 v
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9 N3 m6 x% I4 q& QPsychological Intervention4 L9 T6 N6 m9 V* L
158. Self-exposure to the elements. t) N6 G& l$ \- D4 z
159. The fast
3 {; r* o0 `4 \7 c6 M0 d a) Fast of moral pressure
3 U6 u! o$ G+ ~2 B7 Y b) Hunger strike% H7 D2 o4 s1 J( n" r
c) Satyagrahic fast$ N% `0 `; C2 [4 M$ b- M# q2 W
160. Reverse trial
/ Q1 q6 g9 s- S; z2 _! n: ] 161. Nonviolent harassment( R2 {$ c1 P( s" A1 N% B* T
' |+ I' V7 {, ?" O) e% M& Z) z4 RPhysical Intervention
- M- p& d! o' z) C+ L3 S; V 162. Sit-in3 G% `- J: z0 T4 ]" R: H1 d
163. Stand-in2 T/ ]# O# u. H: T7 t
164. Ride-in
) j) A& k$ r, c 165. Wade-in
+ ]0 Q$ B0 W' H5 I7 {3 T! `% l 166. Mill-in
! D+ ]6 j' f, G1 ]/ p u# w) r 167. Pray-in* J; f. l6 \$ L
168. Nonviolent raids0 m+ J8 q$ h8 h8 f/ H( o* D
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 @6 v5 B2 i; P$ z. C( _* H 170. Nonviolent invasion+ z( ^2 B% Z0 o6 J$ @; g
171. Nonviolent interjection/ q6 _3 r/ @0 N: N
172. Nonviolent obstruction7 t/ l" e8 {0 }7 O4 d
173. Nonviolent occupation
% w8 C$ G2 l# t( \! \9 _- p1 [ _$ k: O; M. H! e
Social Intervention
V) p8 d1 R. q% }: h4 [# N- P 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ ~) N7 n9 d" C, i 175. Overloading of facilities
( W; M+ H: ^& J6 k& u 176. Stall-in
, ~( R" Z! i: v) g 177. Speak-in
! j7 t* \2 \% b! Y 178. Guerrilla theater
4 N' {) D: }# D, B) t( O& l S 179. Alternative social institutions; x3 s/ {, q8 _* q0 [
180. Alternative communication system y- D# o5 w) l8 [5 w% e
3 f0 r0 A0 J8 i# J0 V3 A* CEconomic Intervention6 w* x* a7 Q) S3 K6 s1 D9 _1 i
181. Reverse strike& T1 @. ]$ v& D5 Z! [( S0 J# ^
182. Stay-in strike
8 g) w( C& e8 C M4 T. d x! X; u0 | 183. Nonviolent land seizure2 I- r) Y; j% W" F
184. Defiance of blockades
s7 i M0 I- _: C+ F1 @* m8 O3 q 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! A7 ]: e2 s* G+ }
186. Preclusive purchasing
' ?# e3 q f, i% |9 ?( s 187. Seizure of assets" e, a0 j. R2 z1 f
188. Dumping
+ K- P! V+ T+ Z0 c9 U- n4 s4 g 189. Selective patronage
" T A. V% x5 I' k0 b' ~; e8 r0 F- a 190. Alternative markets( ~$ V0 a9 T3 C! U4 @1 [
191. Alternative transportation systems
, F ^! N) Z7 E- L+ P- V; W 192. Alternative economic institutions- j6 I T" t3 q3 y, Z# H% ?$ x
$ c2 C" L! q* a$ @
Political Intervention
7 _7 U( N: `+ L* S 193. Overloading of administrative systems' X. u; B2 j) g# { I+ |
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" m1 }. [ L% C8 a, L8 ?6 c# o 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 R1 f% z& l8 A: W& B' F0 n8 J 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 F9 F' f6 c1 R6 x8 A: r- t; B5 e
197. Work-on without collaboration5 P" p7 Z1 f# B
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( M; Z$ p' s! W* g" [3 M' I
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
