 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION B S. ^8 r% K1 B, z8 O4 P' k5 k; r
Formal Statements% K& l( k* T% E3 p9 @
1. Public Speeches
) u8 C1 t$ u/ | 2. Letters of opposition or support
! h9 ~6 o1 Z! z. x; p: }! R 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ _" B& J, W4 M- x/ c1 `- @
4. Signed public statements
7 T; P E% B7 z* H' X 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( ?' p8 n, f( e 6. Group or mass petitions
1 ?1 @8 l' o1 | G% x/ p9 @0 q0 m* J* A4 `
Communications with a Wider Audience2 m3 E. y4 `' u9 e1 R3 E# ?) d6 R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 w% I+ i9 E$ @ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 _4 B. w) T! _; P; R 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: A5 ?! c0 ^6 V( c+ l# M/ |4 J 10. Newspapers and journals% D2 L! O" F h8 h
11. Records, radio, and television
' T1 A/ ]- v9 ]: W( [ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting; h9 u% k: s, [+ e- }1 L( }
% S% x6 C! G/ b+ CGroup Representations7 l! O& z0 S) E' f" S: V+ e
13. Deputations
8 }7 P9 r1 Z" @. ~& w0 h 14. Mock awards2 g& X2 v# R* Z! N1 C4 M1 p
15. Group lobbying
e" {8 M/ N0 H6 l6 S; p 16. Picketing# J: f! A; _9 W% }3 q4 L
17. Mock elections3 u {9 |' t3 H s( X
5 Q+ F G* D! w3 B% A+ fSymbolic Public Acts9 J9 ?) I4 b( s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ f/ v4 v# h% ~% y
19. Wearing of symbols o$ t/ t$ [' w' g0 _! b, V2 @
20. Prayer and worship+ n% H1 d: S6 ]' |* p" E" _4 c/ Y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 l% T" t9 r" E! d/ ?# |, Q7 _+ l 22. Protest disrobings
7 P2 h3 {$ j7 U$ p; b3 H+ c 23. Destruction of own property9 }* \. ^+ Y0 O+ n' J
24. Symbolic lights
0 N% l6 I5 o; I! i6 w 25. Displays of portraits$ V J3 }: l. z' q! u! m0 ?
26. Paint as protest: r5 h( I. Z3 \& ^
27. New signs and names( t4 `) z4 r5 o5 a
28. Symbolic sounds' L$ N& d' j9 Y
29. Symbolic reclamations
& e( R- t0 n( x: j# H- I3 T 30. Rude gestures
" Z }& [ W: p1 `: G* ]6 T! d4 t+ R+ G3 V1 j/ B s0 m. _
Pressures on Individuals
6 }$ l+ f4 |3 J- x5 z4 ^1 ~6 T/ Z 31. “Haunting” officials$ I4 P# b* f' V3 k
32. Taunting officials
; J$ t- e3 U: L; r 33. Fraternization8 L) }& {" z+ G1 \2 Q
34. Vigils" S0 J1 h1 v7 f% y5 `4 @ ~
. k- m9 w/ U: _/ aDrama and Music5 ^* U. \4 j6 L; b
35. Humorous skits and pranks
" ?: j( z" q8 ?& F! M 36. Performances of plays and music
) `+ s% ]8 E( Z7 @3 d" n 37. Singing
& M8 h* R- b w. k+ m. O) U. o2 y4 N- K% z2 C, Y* q
Processions1 t' y1 f. r3 r% {% Q
38. Marches: q* p; w2 \# h, l8 r. I7 e
39. Parades1 u% n0 \7 I3 @1 |$ t; g% F* e; F
40. Religious processions
! R$ z d) j4 w3 V F. L+ ] 41. Pilgrimages" S Q y1 b" c- D; Z: u
42. Motorcades
0 g- H+ C: i. e
/ v" D. t d8 ZHonoring the Dead; L$ Q; i1 P& C9 D2 T
43. Political mourning
& @3 X! a' W7 T6 G6 V 44. Mock funerals2 g! f9 j' L3 n7 @! M: v* Y
45. Demonstrative funerals
5 d# ?0 s0 F* S. Z$ R( A9 `. j5 W \ 46. Homage at burial places3 T3 ?* S4 @" X% s% x
2 U5 o- W2 V; F n. fPublic Assemblies
0 q ?- T( q" s- M 47. Assemblies of protest or support" q9 t0 f! U: a" x8 n3 U* O% }$ c
48. Protest meetings
* I5 ^5 q8 L4 x ~- T6 K( Y4 f2 ` 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
t# V; [/ Y/ T d# j 50. Teach-ins5 x6 ?' \2 N5 |3 F+ o. c @1 N
+ W$ G, w+ q0 s( B$ k3 G
Withdrawal and Renunciation
8 w) G% }2 M* L- ]* d/ m' u* k e5 G 51. Walk-outs1 v' |! A6 M0 |5 @" @
52. Silence1 d, p w0 w6 N: B; m& A
53. Renouncing honors
! a. ~- O# n4 m8 A( E7 n 54. Turning one’s back7 p3 G! e- ?& w; \. F$ b! q7 B+ k' \0 o( G
/ {0 Y) V1 i" }0 [+ Y7 R# Y
: s. W8 I/ [1 U- U1 c$ L, x" C" O$ n' `, `& G, ]: l; z% q$ m' T* P
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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' c* z/ ?& f& \ : M8 _4 E3 h1 Q0 B6 p: `
( F% F5 `! B _$ ~) dOstracism of Persons# I% u8 v! H I* C0 W* S- y7 K
55. Social boycott' D q) E# u+ t2 ^/ R
56. Selective social boycott
( l" I0 v2 C& W4 ?$ ^ 57. Lysistratic nonaction8 z# I9 _6 J. N& V
58. Excommunication0 g; |( Q5 z2 F9 f
59. Interdict5 z0 m3 o; c- S& S3 O! ]
- y; ? b) v( [' JNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ e+ I* s" ]& h* x6 v* } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
6 }7 N# r8 f$ p 61. Boycott of social affairs
- Z, p$ g. @- Y$ |' d( ] 62. Student strike9 z# |( l% E+ J$ J: W
63. Social disobedience* \6 y# |2 ] v- h- b6 F9 v: g
64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ H% o. \0 f+ f: B2 g w' w6 E
: S* B" |! z9 l+ H0 S
Withdrawal from the Social System( v, u& l. s, G4 y u9 m$ |' C
65. Stay-at-home
0 l: h. z$ w% Q6 y# i8 L8 _ 66. Total personal noncooperation1 z$ j0 {3 z) I5 z" M. I
67. “Flight” of workers# V4 A- f R2 Q
68. Sanctuary3 V6 g7 E/ ?4 @
69. Collective disappearance3 e4 ^/ y) G, q* ?$ t; s! p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 A( ?% W* K Y% x( D) e' J6 T( W0 J( q& X% Q
$ s: O+ }* L6 U9 O- y4 k i6 x0 b$ U2 `
$ _) u* n1 h$ A% _$ f4 tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
! e: B0 {: U. `8 \' y* l7 E; V+ Y* T; h+ t& N# p
/ G' N, y6 Y. t. y! D: vActions by Consumers# S7 e9 p5 o; I
71. Consumers’ boycott7 Y, n; q5 f2 o, X% \) P
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( R* w# S6 h- H! i1 b8 ~6 u
73. Policy of austerity. a. E. i. ^3 N% T
74. Rent withholding& t' D) x! R0 x& l2 H: D
75. Refusal to rent
0 n6 h7 ~7 F! ]3 n 76. National consumers’ boycott X& y" L0 R+ S0 C8 { W3 @% M
77. International consumers’ boycott7 g; M3 c- H. m5 J, H7 U
E8 j1 A0 b# f" N
Action by Workers and Producers
$ ]6 v M! N$ x. g" K 78. Workmen’s boycott8 A z; H, Z6 M2 X
79. Producers’ boycott. d8 X% F, d$ P# A4 g* h
7 {5 z& O# `3 j1 f
Action by Middlemen
; J, U1 H; y7 n4 P- {3 @0 {2 M, G 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ z7 R r2 f$ q0 |8 c: l K) s
S8 V/ m5 O, ~3 k; |Action by Owners and Management
- E+ V, t8 `8 S$ F* {" T 81. Traders’ boycott5 x0 K5 V' z! a, ` y
82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 B# N7 m6 w. A& ? 83. Lockout
* \% `; D4 i: y; F0 B 84. Refusal of industrial assistance8 |- D! T+ h! E5 C
85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 E: D; Q1 U5 `0 g) I% J6 a
( n) ^+ r8 {! qAction by Holders of Financial Resources( a1 |/ _0 d+ P0 D: A/ b9 k( `
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 j" p- B: I: I& W
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 @8 ~- E# g1 Q/ p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- n# b4 L" L1 \ 89. Severance of funds and credit
9 q$ @& b: y: C9 f 90. Revenue refusal: `1 d+ ^0 H# p& z
91. Refusal of a government’s money
- ~! L6 I9 o; A6 O0 |0 o: N) d" [* Y5 ^6 t# o. w
Action by Governments
$ P: n+ T a- l. h C2 s 92. Domestic embargo
5 a* N* j; m6 c9 ` 93. Blacklisting of traders
" L/ L' z# G" _& y, ^: Y 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ u. _, B& Z. b5 j8 m 95. International buyers’ embargo
, b+ u9 Q) v- d, T 96. International trade embargo
O8 E0 f2 x! A# Z0 f& [2 E' r
1 |9 x! J, `+ h
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE. H/ i* e+ b5 t- t/ I
0 r" w4 a" ^% l/ G: s $ Z) A4 x+ [# ?7 X# ]8 \
Symbolic Strikes
2 D/ w, Z c) J9 R4 t4 k8 i7 R 97. Protest strike4 ]7 U! X" X; x6 N: r ?. T7 z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): }8 Z6 [" J J* `! T
7 @: ]9 t- N" w: y8 [! V2 |. v
Agricultural Strikes t$ O5 w4 p7 B5 |; s5 I, _
99. Peasant strike( z; B w4 o' K9 k7 x J8 p
100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 A3 e7 _3 |9 D( s9 w+ f- K4 b* V: @1 }* J
Strikes by Special Groups
. v& z1 n' _' |( G, K( M! o* D1 y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
, s* k, a& W; y0 s) B [* j 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ C1 N7 @/ \% V4 K" R2 a. ~ 103. Craft strike
# o8 n4 g R; S- L4 E8 Q' q: g 104. Professional strike
" J: K0 u: b. f6 X' ^8 _
/ z- ]) \; ~5 ]2 a0 lOrdinary Industrial Strikes" g4 e9 M/ h% g
105. Establishment strike
4 P& \- j/ U% O0 R 106. Industry strike3 U* k0 k! s: H. ]# B3 m0 }* n
107. Sympathetic strike T( G9 y, I+ |& x6 X6 A2 N
/ O7 m! f0 J8 WRestricted Strikes# C8 }4 Q* V5 F6 s# l
108. Detailed strike2 ?$ F2 x- V6 M6 I
109. Bumper strike
a1 G- |7 o1 T9 A; }8 B7 b- y 110. Slowdown strike
; p: G' z$ v* G' e5 g; w 111. Working-to-rule strike0 t6 |0 `' {/ G; V- n, _, C
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) V8 \8 K1 k2 L. [5 b" B6 @: Y
113. Strike by resignation
/ t" Z& V9 ]" V: _ 114. Limited strike
' E- m/ I; o& g" Y2 n 115. Selective strike
/ X9 p; j! U7 i7 G2 Y, d3 R
; r# S, p. O7 n+ aMulti-Industry Strikes* }, }1 Y' ~5 T
7 o' |2 Y* [6 U! p( v% E& I
116. Generalized strike
* _9 w; M3 N/ ~: _9 `6 I+ K/ G4 w& a0 s4 f) F4 I( x/ w& o" \* _
117. General strike
4 T( h7 H9 l$ Z8 e" S& c' I
4 M* y2 R& K& ] J# aCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. v. g8 L1 Y3 ]1 C
' `. U* h) ]6 y4 \8 D 118. Hartal, V# @; N& C0 s) f
! D* F6 ?8 c, {$ D
119. Economic shutdown+ W8 n. H% Z& a9 ~" I
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3 R8 @ }7 x4 ~2 x5 x( d" A& r9 qTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 Y' }; G4 U/ x8 E6 i1 o' j2 VRejection of Authority& G- A& C+ q9 k' B1 {8 K
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ a, l. l1 U( h2 `1 {" D- M
121. Refusal of public support
* A% ~1 k3 T" S* e6 V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 f! c d8 z _' `5 q5 U' ^3 n' H9 t @) t/ `6 r
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ m9 X7 }! E, _ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies( { V( L8 W! v$ M8 I$ b
124. Boycott of elections2 e6 y# t( y: N0 Q9 N+ U5 U8 K3 v2 i
125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 Y" d- E3 y4 `9 ?
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# S8 G* s: x7 U5 `: l, B7 ?- d$ B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions E3 ]$ C- l; C2 n/ z0 n5 N
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 u/ h9 @9 J& Y1 S @ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ f2 \, N, Y6 ~
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 p& B' |# @) X% h/ R
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials$ {' P& j# V x0 K0 Z, B
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; K, V O- C& Y3 s+ l' k
: c( t: h3 x4 i9 g& L) F' _; i) U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# _4 o( g8 [: ~; R* g
133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 N+ P! H3 L5 r2 w$ }. d0 V6 v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 s) i9 O; T- R- s 135. Popular nonobedience# w4 D2 k3 b) ~9 y+ `' A0 N
136. Disguised disobedience" w6 w) K T0 X2 x. m9 P
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' F4 u8 E6 u( R$ b: o' p0 S 138. Sitdown
/ a5 w. w e; L% q! d 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 b- q7 [" Z5 M$ p( D; }# _
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& j- i0 q' H& s: U" P
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 q: f9 }# j! T9 D+ q, P4 P" A& q3 h' l2 ]* p' |
Action by Government Personnel0 W# V3 u' g- k7 m, n, E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# g+ o3 X5 F" ?! S- g
143. Blocking of lines of command and information" b- s. }" k$ n
144. Stalling and obstruction
$ D: u$ n' X4 K% L 145. General administrative noncooperation0 \- \9 ]5 V/ S6 z/ z# X
/ a3 q! l" `, C
146. Judicial noncooperation' N8 |$ c' r3 t$ w; ?2 Z% A ]
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 {; w9 H( A# i" F! U- P9 F
148. Mutiny* c" V1 R, \2 ~1 h- B# Q
Domestic Governmental Action! t7 Y1 A8 }5 M z, Z# a
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' S* c6 f7 z& j/ w. g! s: t' b 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; h: \5 I( A" P3 c
# t0 e+ A9 F! j. J
International Governmental Action2 f# y4 z3 U5 v
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 Y, C- y- a7 v. E4 U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 J! S2 i) r- F& m" v1 e. e
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. X0 g0 }0 `/ q8 X) E 154. Severance of diplomatic relations* j( b( _3 x# ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations, @# |2 H" l9 U
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
& }% U* i% T0 r! k2 Q5 h8 | 157. Expulsion from international organizations4 S& I2 a( b+ ~5 W9 u$ l$ ]
' U6 |1 ~: X" D
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' j# T1 `+ K3 T, C3 B
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Psychological Intervention
/ N) V# D6 _$ _5 M 158. Self-exposure to the elements+ m& J6 I4 g$ V n7 l5 W3 D; ^* t
159. The fast
/ _( D4 B Y- O# a: T& ]4 w' B a) Fast of moral pressure
, T- n/ j0 d! I b) Hunger strike
- y$ W' | L) c Z; }9 I# f c) Satyagrahic fast/ {& D# _0 H7 P! Q
160. Reverse trial
9 L' A! x; M5 h7 U0 b5 C3 h0 a8 N 161. Nonviolent harassment# u' y7 g8 W0 C: \4 l/ T
* i! E+ X, D" f1 X n8 l
Physical Intervention
; P( q0 D3 e2 U0 h 162. Sit-in$ t$ j, r- i! S9 V
163. Stand-in
$ m* Q" ?7 n w+ ^2 H* w 164. Ride-in
6 I+ d+ i$ l9 C0 E" X4 {9 I l) X5 W 165. Wade-in
' Z' I$ S2 Q2 O" t/ [! J, p+ p* ` 166. Mill-in; W0 a& ~$ B% C; U6 o! }6 c/ C
167. Pray-in2 X P+ z+ F# ^! p9 O
168. Nonviolent raids
& G% ?1 N: b h* r* s 169. Nonviolent air raids2 f& T- H) E' ^. o
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 [6 V V! o* O+ S* s 171. Nonviolent interjection
3 b# r q- M M9 u( Z$ }3 Q 172. Nonviolent obstruction7 R' v' I2 y6 @
173. Nonviolent occupation
4 z/ W5 L1 x3 Q( A
5 L9 Z+ z I/ i3 {3 c9 K! H6 YSocial Intervention
! Y' T% D; n9 \, `6 J W$ V u+ q0 o 174. Establishing new social patterns
2 ]0 r z; e- h J9 S# w 175. Overloading of facilities
! ]0 J' j, Y7 g; g7 q 176. Stall-in
8 }3 k0 w p9 g- g4 K 177. Speak-in
5 \9 t9 G' F6 {3 L9 x 178. Guerrilla theater f* G9 O0 I' j$ R
179. Alternative social institutions5 Q) s. [3 {& P
180. Alternative communication system. O- X$ X4 c% C( p
1 g5 b& M' P$ IEconomic Intervention j# t9 [6 Z8 a
181. Reverse strike$ X3 H/ |4 H: L8 b* O
182. Stay-in strike
1 v( x! E/ R! u6 l* i& } 183. Nonviolent land seizure
# H' O6 N% D+ D) P9 c& E) D 184. Defiance of blockades. r8 r7 n$ {3 w* L
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! n" d; {. E' F- C& u# a/ I, M
186. Preclusive purchasing
1 j9 K2 n: O. K5 r+ e1 C( \2 F6 u. x$ L 187. Seizure of assets9 o; b1 w2 g5 J( z" q- l" d
188. Dumping& X4 k# V- o, g: r u7 K' e0 s
189. Selective patronage) I. U, {- i# u9 A9 K
190. Alternative markets0 J$ e8 q g% Y& U
191. Alternative transportation systems2 h0 z1 B! G% l6 k
192. Alternative economic institutions
! n2 U9 }6 ]! O/ S* g. ^/ U2 Q9 L- e, Q8 O
Political Intervention
: _( y1 w& w& b; a( A 193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ P: k7 W7 [4 D) ? 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 p( S8 Q1 H2 Y2 `8 d6 q' B 195. Seeking imprisonment& U5 s# j7 ^. V2 Q _( \
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
/ l6 z- n; ~4 n) [ 197. Work-on without collaboration
- X3 S7 {0 `! ^9 e5 X8 E* I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, M# H9 {0 @5 J# l) ]8 d) g
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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