 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( F' O/ n: z5 u" s+ f2 C. y$ e9 k* QFormal Statements
- D6 ?* b7 D- p" v 1. Public Speeches w/ ~7 e! w' d. U2 {& t% {
2. Letters of opposition or support
. c/ z/ P# g* x2 g2 n! t7 ~8 T 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. D: W# s0 j( x5 @2 D 4. Signed public statements7 s+ r6 Y! c; p h1 z& ]
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ W+ `5 R- N6 K5 N
6. Group or mass petitions
3 V1 B7 {1 ?; ~' J" [5 ]: u' G u0 J3 i: _ g) C
Communications with a Wider Audience: F7 N5 c: Y, N" O
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- u( W$ D2 L0 ~4 z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) S) J9 g8 a. I$ V: G" @7 w) s( x
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 p2 M( R$ c3 a2 ^: w' S, W 10. Newspapers and journals
' L3 n4 x0 s( m5 K) ?: W 11. Records, radio, and television
0 F0 d* T% W, n& K( T1 d B' p 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 } Y2 k. n$ r! V: C- `4 F0 b
% b# w; l' f5 u) D" [/ K; t& {3 `Group Representations
& j7 Z* n5 a/ \* v- m 13. Deputations2 J# s; l j$ l. r% n9 W
14. Mock awards
, B& U7 z/ R3 a' F& z 15. Group lobbying% {4 X Q; d2 m8 C) b6 p2 I) ~
16. Picketing1 g+ x% p8 G v) W$ Y( A
17. Mock elections
* i- K' [) p# I9 m% Z; u) t7 v5 `5 l# s! u9 t4 d
Symbolic Public Acts) R8 l/ ^! f3 Q( H3 Q, c# t
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 M+ M; P; ^ m( A1 f* C" z+ y 19. Wearing of symbols
7 d' y/ v! }+ y Q7 R x5 t 20. Prayer and worship0 y: H) |& k k; g: x, [6 R
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 D4 P- @8 x# l8 ~1 \ 22. Protest disrobings$ T' H1 l- S) W& t6 p" O
23. Destruction of own property0 _# M6 h' ]* Q, d0 k
24. Symbolic lights
6 K, e. p' {- L) j; v2 S 25. Displays of portraits1 W7 e1 @4 ^' C: O$ N) S' H* q
26. Paint as protest# b5 q! j* @5 G1 L: S+ W1 c9 Y
27. New signs and names
, \# O( X' a& v' K 28. Symbolic sounds. F. O) k1 M1 ^& ~$ J! s5 s0 W
29. Symbolic reclamations; \5 l& }2 \0 R+ b+ p9 A
30. Rude gestures
$ i+ \2 B* |5 H# v. B6 }
! u( P2 H; p9 {# N }Pressures on Individuals
E8 u$ ~- Y9 p 31. “Haunting” officials. @; @% o3 l5 H3 v' e% P C
32. Taunting officials
' V8 S7 X; R8 M 33. Fraternization+ D) l R. H$ O8 g* p
34. Vigils, h) y0 J1 p& c( `: _
$ i1 C8 ~( K& |2 Z& C
Drama and Music
D- X" O0 q5 l) s. W 35. Humorous skits and pranks% G' m' p. a' W$ v$ L# X2 A: Q
36. Performances of plays and music' N5 }6 K: }! N4 T! F* |2 Q
37. Singing
) r' R7 _2 I9 S" L. I) \) ~
. ^' ]) p4 ~- eProcessions
6 Y) i& @) e) f$ N# d 38. Marches1 j2 k+ h- R' S z/ f3 a/ @$ ]6 t
39. Parades
( ~& D" y$ o& j- j 40. Religious processions
) p1 L& n# n) c' O5 M/ G- ] 41. Pilgrimages) C. g! }; }6 D( ?
42. Motorcades$ G2 K% T- a! U- a9 B
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Honoring the Dead4 A1 f; p; G& r# u1 h
43. Political mourning5 j- M! d d* N, @ o z. v
44. Mock funerals8 c" K: i" {1 _- j5 l- M/ D
45. Demonstrative funerals- l' V1 F. }8 \! T4 g4 n6 `9 {
46. Homage at burial places
: G) y. t- S" d! ?& `3 J. z9 X t v: w8 Q1 [
Public Assemblies# N# \6 b' x, L" | z( @0 ~
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 Z; K2 d; C1 i. |$ [0 B+ c i% g 48. Protest meetings
) H9 M! S% J8 ~/ c2 }4 G 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% w: D6 ?1 @. N 50. Teach-ins, r4 q+ \5 b0 S
" h- l" O7 m7 |, u
Withdrawal and Renunciation+ j; o2 A# c( C- X7 Z2 E9 V
51. Walk-outs" c Y x/ o) Y' H
52. Silence: E/ J4 }4 q& I! y) t
53. Renouncing honors
' m: W9 D0 a- z/ @$ o 54. Turning one’s back( O! b$ F0 y, \5 E. d
+ }0 b4 X. W) F. W8 U: _
! y( N+ G0 ?- M3 s5 ? n8 ?& {9 g! k. u; `2 n$ C; @; H# Z
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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% x1 u2 F9 v6 C9 H# n; e! ^3 H: MOstracism of Persons% m1 ^ W; `/ |
55. Social boycott( d7 C; D! r3 w8 ?/ l
56. Selective social boycott% E1 k, A9 R: e& V
57. Lysistratic nonaction
! n$ U6 X3 t$ |& U3 X 58. Excommunication. K- @. X+ k" ]: r
59. Interdict
4 B& q! }8 o3 ^" h, w$ y6 B/ O/ H7 `
* v# w! @' E \! K7 fNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 d9 ]% g y' A, B2 |. p: d- M
60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 v$ C+ I# k4 x
61. Boycott of social affairs6 j8 h* J9 J% ]* |: t
62. Student strike
/ s( P+ B1 V' A/ H! \& ~ q 63. Social disobedience
& |2 O: G( [9 w% E+ q Z" ~ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 o+ i* `- o) Z7 Q2 ~9 t
* W: w3 S% V) _7 q# b
Withdrawal from the Social System) _ o9 g( D7 A( X1 C8 ~6 K! K
65. Stay-at-home
) B4 V5 r- z& }: z 66. Total personal noncooperation
' }& b$ N1 X6 l* C2 M 67. “Flight” of workers0 s- P r# {& d
68. Sanctuary0 }% z6 ]8 v7 Q$ h; ~8 N% h! B
69. Collective disappearance
: Q. l! _! V+ e4 J5 { 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! L( c, R* s% L+ U7 Q3 K
7 F `) {0 \5 Q6 I! J4 |
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& }- x0 d/ ^& S8 C
7 z( E8 `. \0 u6 D0 e+ T, ]) N
" \: q" o7 m j& ^Actions by Consumers
; F2 O6 I- `8 g1 \) n 71. Consumers’ boycott
4 ?4 e* i4 _& n' b 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 J# d+ L* X# _, |) H
73. Policy of austerity
* J& t) m) ^+ y- t3 j3 h! @! X 74. Rent withholding6 w! l: M; b" O* }# P; y
75. Refusal to rent
) g. r. V* n, C5 u8 I" x 76. National consumers’ boycott8 ?) z! _* k) m+ p& W; _2 {6 ~
77. International consumers’ boycott
% e( d" }* w9 R+ t4 b" _3 @
# ^5 n2 u/ f* _ l' a7 XAction by Workers and Producers3 F$ v2 f3 q. ~, [1 g. h5 p
78. Workmen’s boycott9 `7 \7 O$ b) `' d/ w4 W, j
79. Producers’ boycott( D' u, S9 K5 [( y3 J4 n* e
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Action by Middlemen
5 c$ w% E( M2 b/ h 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' N) S3 O8 e2 M& d. u8 c4 y& C8 W
6 L0 a& T3 Y& Y; F2 B+ Y: ?Action by Owners and Management
4 R6 l! v, Y* O3 `4 ^2 V# B+ I 81. Traders’ boycott; C. v* O7 q* Q* }8 B) i
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 y" d: J, t3 o, q 83. Lockout
6 a. S8 m; Y) t 84. Refusal of industrial assistance( H' T; g6 d8 x; \, s5 U
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 L7 `4 ?5 r% }, Z
6 q# O7 O6 z) h5 c1 LAction by Holders of Financial Resources( B* n: h% X0 I& ^( M+ t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& ?- q, L: [* g% {* ]; g( ` 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 g; t- ]( H# ^9 h) ?& N" k
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' m: t9 _/ M& \% F; C% `
89. Severance of funds and credit
; `; n: T# G$ D. H( \" u 90. Revenue refusal
# G# F% Q: G( D# K 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ e% ?2 s0 U Y- L) b6 t6 y* c4 r
Action by Governments, s$ o; |4 Q, I* Q3 d# {2 h
92. Domestic embargo
0 n6 w- d5 k0 n 93. Blacklisting of traders
- a: u$ t3 U) y( G4 @ 94. International sellers’ embargo0 ]1 p( u: w9 O
95. International buyers’ embargo
4 H% q5 a* c8 I6 ~6 S 96. International trade embargo$ m3 I. S1 s; c& Z' ~" u
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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& a3 g7 r k/ {) k# w 7 x3 P0 M* z! k5 [4 F8 }1 z( q+ y
Symbolic Strikes
q" k: L! e; O" d; D4 ~ 97. Protest strike
6 E# t! W) ]3 o. O4 {! } 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" {9 a) S* J2 y8 i7 `
8 E$ y! D& U, [& L, t; _. |1 IAgricultural Strikes
1 H0 V% J8 D/ j 99. Peasant strike
0 q, S( e1 K4 S0 I7 z 100. Farm Workers’ strike4 t+ d9 f8 z) n2 O% Q. n: J/ r5 e
# |& {7 U+ w# a' B: D5 S
Strikes by Special Groups2 v* c+ J T2 m ~# W
101. Refusal of impressed labor
* e0 ~1 t1 I: P0 R; m; X 102. Prisoners’ strike: U" Q" P* }7 u# B* e
103. Craft strike) y. K- G: @8 B8 G- z" N* S1 R
104. Professional strike
. ?. S. }) y {) G a; v6 I8 D& o1 |
Ordinary Industrial Strikes: x/ G' h* Q" r4 U' G0 A% E) W+ k
105. Establishment strike2 J; Z! `! R5 O/ `$ m
106. Industry strike
1 ?+ k5 g: u5 e4 p; m 107. Sympathetic strike
4 N: e3 Y" I- Q! d% q; j" f4 Y& v
Restricted Strikes
6 j7 Q+ u) k- ?9 J5 @' Y. W+ Q% p 108. Detailed strike
, B- R) b c e 109. Bumper strike1 p& _$ Y- m! G! r* Z
110. Slowdown strike
+ W: J" t$ l7 G& @4 M 111. Working-to-rule strike
# x/ `( J0 F- _ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) b( e" ?! Y" \. f3 E1 A
113. Strike by resignation
8 [5 s- @6 N9 @" w4 o1 A" @/ d 114. Limited strike9 w) }6 C; y a
115. Selective strike2 R- b, ]1 K. x9 V4 I, k
/ l" J# F" r3 r* B+ V( q
Multi-Industry Strikes0 [6 z& z( D) F. l
9 d0 K# }& j7 W
116. Generalized strike
' G8 x% _0 a7 n* v7 f! M2 C
C$ l7 j+ R- D; L+ M, | 117. General strike' j) ?% d y) K2 G" L- S
7 |* D9 j& j# r+ {
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal- j9 ]5 T+ N2 `8 R
. b1 y* Y' ~, n
119. Economic shutdown
2 `: R$ Z+ Y; E, N% J N6 K7 W8 G. r( B$ e. R
* E- G" K0 H$ \! l3 Z2 k- k, W8 E% f; d/ h! K$ G" r
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
* s' c) x6 K% F3 G6 G; } 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& k: G- @2 Q: L* V+ W
121. Refusal of public support
3 N/ j6 U) M8 B8 g! F 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 A1 y6 K, n1 Q$ ^& P; c9 ~1 O% a2 e7 Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government% W8 P+ O1 G4 k5 M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 ]9 V8 Q0 j3 e v
124. Boycott of elections y, k7 _0 L5 n! w2 Z- K2 @0 z8 _
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 F8 l$ p# `- X# j 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" J# e& J( w- c2 b: `
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 T6 X: y4 t1 P1 i0 I2 C3 i9 u
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; t4 ~/ [* I0 a0 r. _/ r
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 g4 O( e9 g6 {; O* F5 k$ I/ y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* s8 J- b" r2 W$ X1 ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 J1 L* ?9 }; x& B 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' ?3 X& t6 o& u" k! l
5 I6 m; t. m! U, d% I: K: bCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
O1 B0 m& Z9 g. j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 X% k- I- H: C( Z3 x 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 {" d- R+ W2 t$ M
135. Popular nonobedience/ [$ @& W- Q% K6 _
136. Disguised disobedience2 A S" f: z* |) w/ V$ m2 y& X
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 `& S3 z! }1 M' n( b' q; O0 g. B$ I 138. Sitdown
" A- n u6 ~" P- n% e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 ?; t' r& \0 H( \
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. I# p& C1 s+ u, {; a! J0 W! l# j 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( X& A- F: C% j/ J: W# }( I/ c' w$ \4 E$ ?9 v8 c
Action by Government Personnel. l x$ |# H: Q. D
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' Y" z, X$ g% P# T5 B5 q. x, Q6 R& p 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 j0 W0 b. O w! {; W0 u d, R 144. Stalling and obstruction
, [# s X& Z6 @5 C# f 145. General administrative noncooperation* F3 X: I; ~) V7 s% e
( m4 }. o% F* v& N( B% G
146. Judicial noncooperation
7 G! x3 |$ Y7 d8 V3 L 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! o, a- a7 x6 m! y 148. Mutiny6 O% `) D5 g% J9 b% M) |
Domestic Governmental Action
/ H: A6 w1 A+ e" W0 z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' j1 t9 q( U E) J( r" e 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( X s/ A" Y9 r$ m4 x
, Z/ ~+ \' l9 MInternational Governmental Action
* h6 p/ S6 h6 }# M/ l# M" N 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; U# y8 ]' c# j, P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! s9 u' I) G5 {7 }. B7 w3 k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" t7 m# a2 A! l! a2 A" b' G( L
154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ U3 {* o$ |; ?) W! P* D
155. Withdrawal from international organizations. q9 X, q1 C; I1 B
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" j; f4 _1 D6 l; V, ]) w1 J 157. Expulsion from international organizations3 P! W' b' e5 I, X4 v! o0 w
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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/ k5 r D" b9 ZPsychological Intervention' c: M/ I& o9 C, Y. S
158. Self-exposure to the elements' ~) r! Q) U, L' m. U s. x2 Q
159. The fast1 d. O8 m- \' {; O8 B$ S+ O$ }8 N [. T
a) Fast of moral pressure
5 `* Q0 {" b, r) U# r' {: H b) Hunger strike
/ y( h* i) v9 m4 ^" F c) Satyagrahic fast
: p* D9 @- W2 `; u n/ Z( o 160. Reverse trial1 L4 P7 j; m( s& R! G1 h, F$ m. R* Y
161. Nonviolent harassment
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+ f, a) [! ^8 Z) K6 W: fPhysical Intervention
7 T+ Y4 ?- o, j" H Z 162. Sit-in
2 w3 ^- r! I/ O" d# G* I 163. Stand-in# o1 G* G( V% r2 B
164. Ride-in: h! p+ {/ Q# l' [$ J
165. Wade-in+ K; f! q6 ~" V( l, [. W2 \
166. Mill-in
5 K" K2 E M1 r" ] 167. Pray-in
% S, z6 X7 m! a, F4 e 168. Nonviolent raids8 l, D1 r, U% c+ [
169. Nonviolent air raids |. J$ N9 V" ~* {( H9 S B z
170. Nonviolent invasion
1 d* R6 P5 i* e 171. Nonviolent interjection, I) e' o% r$ ~; Z
172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 j5 \' t ~! T b1 H0 V 173. Nonviolent occupation
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; p+ D3 }1 }& [6 T- KSocial Intervention
0 d8 o' I1 u5 M1 I r- |5 |" h 174. Establishing new social patterns7 {1 _2 R$ C: N6 `! i& s* k5 e# e
175. Overloading of facilities
% W/ [& j) M6 g, t# o/ d+ L: |. n 176. Stall-in
, G( h$ r+ u! @ 177. Speak-in
8 O5 ^! E7 H" y) F9 }% w8 L. W 178. Guerrilla theater8 s! `; n) V5 C
179. Alternative social institutions2 b4 K, }# d3 g0 m5 f g7 X8 [
180. Alternative communication system- D8 M9 I7 C" Y& D/ x
/ o/ I S3 v, Y) x" b; i5 W/ [Economic Intervention& ]9 n8 o; N8 s _3 \+ ?
181. Reverse strike
, Z7 S2 \6 _, @& H. w" b( L: E 182. Stay-in strike9 g( P) B; F2 e! E, U2 _
183. Nonviolent land seizure
# ]. m% c: F n* X 184. Defiance of blockades' L5 r+ X1 v- U, T
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 i. r9 v8 i; k
186. Preclusive purchasing
/ m0 L, D7 g8 Y& p9 _ 187. Seizure of assets
; n$ D5 M2 L3 E6 J 188. Dumping' Z# {$ ?( H' s! {: f
189. Selective patronage8 O7 R; I6 b# r1 V# K" Q# Q4 V
190. Alternative markets
+ A, S! B$ P1 K2 Z! H3 y3 x 191. Alternative transportation systems5 v% O% M# j8 k2 u1 X7 v
192. Alternative economic institutions
8 v+ J3 t' |' d$ P
5 N6 O: Z3 {, ` @7 t. @Political Intervention
( [' v1 @1 R- Q6 N4 L 193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 c( h Y& y1 z# K+ W# O$ S$ J2 D$ F 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 j& H: \8 c& S, S3 z; }( A
195. Seeking imprisonment
) X) Q; n) V" f4 N3 o 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; R/ C- b$ K$ G3 q+ j' t$ L* Z 197. Work-on without collaboration
/ f/ f4 z- Y- e* d6 k/ p5 z7 } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 @% `# c }' Z6 A
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
