 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* `4 d# K. F6 D; B. P. v# HFormal Statements
, v* o+ K* Z/ u% P) L' y$ U5 M 1. Public Speeches
( X" `+ Z+ Z2 @" F n' Y2 h 2. Letters of opposition or support( Q1 e6 T" P& y* L, H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# U1 I0 u4 Z3 r4 u; E
4. Signed public statements Y: D L2 f5 Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& G% e' n0 c: h 6. Group or mass petitions* @6 \( p2 g/ M& t; l- m( Z6 D
0 q2 b0 U8 P7 Y; w7 k* L W
Communications with a Wider Audience8 E9 o$ i' u: y$ ?
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 W d$ X/ S8 C+ V 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 V) h' n( s" y' q$ S+ T! [ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; G* A; }# j- k% X" t 10. Newspapers and journals* A2 Z) _4 g/ [+ }! e& r
11. Records, radio, and television
1 R7 Z3 E. p% N3 X- v- o( U 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- E' y. }6 J | f* b7 U0 b! J
% V) q6 ?- w: \5 ~6 D* GGroup Representations
. Z: n+ @0 X5 P* A5 U 13. Deputations
9 O: _% g9 C7 C1 y; B* M7 a! v* N6 a 14. Mock awards
- Z) [$ t# g/ s* k0 v( l 15. Group lobbying" j# ^3 e; r3 X* U/ Q* B
16. Picketing
1 b' Q+ z/ b0 F$ ^ 17. Mock elections: R2 w- L, ^4 X# t
8 D+ b1 v6 Z) L: f8 c- {* N& N1 C
Symbolic Public Acts
% M j3 c1 X6 H K( Z- k; L 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! V( V5 Q. Z" R4 p* z) |( L 19. Wearing of symbols8 M- n7 h( `8 a7 D# S9 B: S
20. Prayer and worship
; D7 t9 c& X; c6 r% l 21. Delivering symbolic objects
# Z9 q# b: i* u9 r% G, O+ o 22. Protest disrobings3 N' w2 k/ G7 b& r+ k$ w' X( ?2 U
23. Destruction of own property
% a! U! L& _5 u x 24. Symbolic lights
4 A7 q! q/ b: P# n! s 25. Displays of portraits. e+ w0 X( E7 M
26. Paint as protest7 k, o4 I0 _' Z1 V+ F
27. New signs and names
$ E+ V& | q* ~1 e7 Q: `$ m 28. Symbolic sounds' S0 U: N- Q' g/ d/ N0 k0 `, J
29. Symbolic reclamations
, u- y, ~/ ^; V# N 30. Rude gestures9 B, e. ~$ E# z: |0 l5 h) p% q! o+ F
! Y! e8 x- \* w1 p
Pressures on Individuals
: \ N& \3 R' M y, ~0 Y 31. “Haunting” officials% `' K6 u7 R+ V5 M
32. Taunting officials3 J2 e" {' j9 y; k; Z
33. Fraternization8 [7 ?: b7 \2 d% s! O
34. Vigils# d v: G$ |: ?% |9 c
1 Z- d4 S: V: U- S8 N. O y! LDrama and Music/ a* w y6 H# H. L
35. Humorous skits and pranks
* G3 b$ B7 {7 C4 e( ?1 R$ r 36. Performances of plays and music
" A8 d: ]# Y' s, V& `% u 37. Singing( P6 B7 l8 `; |5 S0 \" }
% N Y* r5 l& h: o" r* y7 o" T
Processions& ?4 F. p ]; X( O1 |+ t! E
38. Marches4 r8 j7 |8 @/ r1 A3 S$ ~5 ^7 f) i
39. Parades
3 r8 ~9 Q6 q( ~) } 40. Religious processions
% M1 ?: C: C8 G: j! T 41. Pilgrimages
# d4 c0 y4 Z7 k( |0 d3 |. M 42. Motorcades) g5 O3 p# M, a5 Z: v# p! D
( k# H* X; C" `% m6 K( j! ^# D+ F
Honoring the Dead8 m! x6 A: E) @4 u8 [
43. Political mourning
8 L0 d$ n4 i" x# V+ o! Z: J- F 44. Mock funerals6 f& }/ r. K5 W3 l6 f
45. Demonstrative funerals9 ^6 N+ O- {# w- B p/ O) e2 p
46. Homage at burial places
2 I. j: Z1 ~0 B* W& P \; I0 r0 Y1 A* e! u/ _
Public Assemblies
- M6 m" g& F3 i+ B! S 47. Assemblies of protest or support7 m l. B: z' X2 ]) J, I$ \
48. Protest meetings' h* H7 ] b1 v9 y7 N8 H
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest: n" U$ z4 ~# r( a" {5 [) _" a) u% m
50. Teach-ins3 v; k% R$ c, p! ^
( o# v, O" ]7 @% [+ F+ R
Withdrawal and Renunciation
% u K5 \" X# J4 D9 c. o# { X 51. Walk-outs
2 d t5 k3 S+ p8 N! a9 y6 c 52. Silence0 ~9 j7 s& b8 H# X1 m
53. Renouncing honors
9 N; R8 U0 W) g6 M, g; } 54. Turning one’s back
; x( ^1 m$ {' l c: A' W9 b
$ \0 P W( n0 U% N+ f 1 ^0 k' v+ }7 q( O7 Y+ }
* P7 b" J% ^4 |" I M5 g1 e# s6 k. g
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
( N" C' N& o) y/ ^2 ` s8 s
# ~1 f# V, F4 M ( i, l Q9 y/ q) g! e8 ~
Q6 r* ]3 e, I6 d2 v
Ostracism of Persons
. q" ^* ^* w" U" ` 55. Social boycott
: _" p: G3 j$ T7 i$ m0 K 56. Selective social boycott
! M% F' c5 v9 G& l" h7 m$ p 57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 r2 [% r" i; _; H# y, \) f& A5 w3 L. ~ 58. Excommunication
: S: P3 s( Y0 \3 F3 o 59. Interdict, a4 j" w3 W! H5 }4 b( p
3 W" V* _- a9 o) `5 R
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% k2 J5 u5 r1 k
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 w6 d# A7 ]0 K- \7 p* ~/ G 61. Boycott of social affairs3 ?6 H0 \8 |5 D& l4 `1 Q+ D/ N
62. Student strike L; ]( E/ s! _- q
63. Social disobedience
$ W5 h. S; Q7 B& ~: x' c' G 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! j" R0 ?0 @! X# u+ }: D
4 Z8 N% \+ |) M5 N% k6 _; |
Withdrawal from the Social System. }3 ?6 N0 J9 f7 `& u2 H
65. Stay-at-home
' \( w4 P0 r0 V 66. Total personal noncooperation
: {: ]5 [# d' T 67. “Flight” of workers
6 {# X# t1 ]! z8 l 68. Sanctuary% J. w, P2 N* Y' c3 ~; s, y B
69. Collective disappearance
, r8 R$ @* J- g6 f/ C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
! x9 V. R' a2 e8 q5 W' F- N+ r& S; ~+ S* }3 m, ]6 m
8 e2 t* o6 J M" e- q4 I7 E
/ c' R y+ g+ g5 Y+ ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* [# M! r% f& W/ m2 `' S+ v% N& q+ i7 C" r
5 e/ A* t9 g2 s% M
Actions by Consumers
1 o! T7 }* o- f& T7 {4 P8 o% J# Y9 c 71. Consumers’ boycott; E# s, |/ U( h/ g0 D, N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# @5 n0 y1 J8 I" `' i9 v1 u
73. Policy of austerity0 h/ q3 L- f; }7 O3 s) U
74. Rent withholding9 Q! c/ T) W$ q7 F7 H& z0 _
75. Refusal to rent
, k, s7 N: I% h- ]0 J% ` |9 \ j 76. National consumers’ boycott
$ \2 o* [ x! V0 U. N 77. International consumers’ boycott9 N0 S$ r) @0 Q: f! L- H7 n* W
6 J6 m; s% c# y7 q% I; W: gAction by Workers and Producers- U: Q, o# p; D# Y4 i
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 ?! g8 l4 H- h; o& k4 V! f/ b 79. Producers’ boycott& L3 c! Y$ E! z/ V+ c# y; p
. ]+ @! M+ b5 B- L8 e
Action by Middlemen) R! d/ \7 c( z0 q$ p
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. V6 _! n3 h6 e9 G8 U+ F1 o) |; n2 p) I
Action by Owners and Management
; v& q- a* H) Y9 C5 ^ 81. Traders’ boycott
2 d- U* O4 w) ` 82. Refusal to let or sell property
- {2 v0 } x- k9 A' G- X 83. Lockout
, k8 p3 e) E! |! ^ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance! P& e e- ^% A
85. Merchants’ “general strike”( \* s1 A. f; P, j# F4 s% K3 \" I" X
( t0 t5 a; x* u7 \0 [$ A$ K* x
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 Y& o+ f" d& x% P L4 X0 n' H/ Y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# A x: _# R/ }' N% F
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" v4 @: @/ \# f- ^) t 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 ~9 h0 ?6 f6 F5 _7 V 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 W. u& z( O! P) h$ R 90. Revenue refusal
, n1 i& q& Z" {% p 91. Refusal of a government’s money5 a l) s4 a5 L& u. K
7 F+ Z+ d4 a* `' }: B
Action by Governments
2 }5 Q5 F- d7 ` w2 E( |. a6 [ 92. Domestic embargo8 r8 u! b* ~, ^3 j9 }0 y3 s/ @! s
93. Blacklisting of traders: _0 I2 O# P( ~7 S2 m9 N) A
94. International sellers’ embargo
" d% N3 j/ i- F" u 95. International buyers’ embargo
# ?4 w" R; O+ L, r; Y0 R 96. International trade embargo
, p) r( j, K( }0 x/ r, m# x& J( r2 z- P. X# Y z
* l3 i7 d4 m' ?. i9 A6 V4 y- @, `
' m- X' m( {9 x u& M. E* k1 fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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2 w8 Y, f; u( x% m# B: y
8 \0 K# y8 R8 T, C0 T3 W# oSymbolic Strikes6 W+ y/ Z6 S- m7 u; x
97. Protest strike
& z" R. _2 F! h/ } h 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! _ n" e& C4 v. S+ p- y. V$ V5 c, @! B
Agricultural Strikes
) _( d+ x6 P: C9 A 99. Peasant strike6 J- I: T2 [7 h7 O6 t4 j$ a4 V9 `8 C
100. Farm Workers’ strike* |# ?9 x# V+ l3 o* b+ Q* ~. m
- a3 Z( A, m+ \( I9 RStrikes by Special Groups" x4 `: H$ @, V8 v) p' |. w
101. Refusal of impressed labor S8 g4 k6 s2 u+ @" T2 a/ }/ @! b0 B# O
102. Prisoners’ strike2 f# L* ~7 }) N, K) l: t
103. Craft strike/ P" ]6 F, G+ I4 W3 ?- I$ L+ O
104. Professional strike
' d9 A- H3 V9 W! B v8 V
4 P. R$ R2 R4 p. I3 ~, o, mOrdinary Industrial Strikes5 ~7 U: c5 a& g; j2 b$ L* N
105. Establishment strike& U& P1 N9 v2 `1 T! o
106. Industry strike" R0 M. P( j% Z3 _
107. Sympathetic strike. w# X( _1 b$ ?# _
) a" g: z& |7 z% h
Restricted Strikes
- \# S% @; D: f7 I3 r0 Y9 B! D 108. Detailed strike
1 E+ H; n' d: U9 G5 | 109. Bumper strike
2 k; `4 O+ J6 G e6 ?5 Y! K 110. Slowdown strike
9 ~0 ]; Y/ \8 y' I3 X( \0 | 111. Working-to-rule strike5 L7 e, @$ g9 F
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 Z8 |7 i) M: \+ W 113. Strike by resignation
. `0 ~% \+ L$ q' M3 \& R, U 114. Limited strike5 n1 R) [( l+ U7 _/ V
115. Selective strike
7 V$ O- G5 s- b/ a# q6 G$ t; v3 }
( R4 C9 x5 o& B Z NMulti-Industry Strikes
0 R; n( t( v5 U# z7 I$ P" O
& p. v+ f6 D$ f9 F" d5 D+ E 116. Generalized strike
% c; W6 Z# q8 P( Z2 f; d' z* b
2 z! T' ?6 b' w+ O& I 117. General strike4 Q# O8 a" j# R# F7 B' D3 E2 K% h
4 c" ?+ {& R2 F9 A* @9 Z& pCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
{; I$ I- z( I, V3 _' u7 _- N- B1 H) q5 T% R7 V" ^
118. Hartal. {7 H4 b/ S- L1 V1 e: m
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119. Economic shutdown
* p% i, p& v8 u0 J4 D. ~% Q# r. t/ ]) X. E; ?3 h$ i
$ _0 o8 w! J3 a. z( k# b8 ~6 x
( B# R' v" Q) H" \2 Y' d
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 A( s+ X+ `9 c: |% `4 E4 Q: @( x& `: v& `+ k# U
. O& z& A# ]9 c5 R6 K' W, ? i( X
Rejection of Authority0 n% b: x( ~$ O
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 K" k3 t6 {/ Y' D+ f0 t 121. Refusal of public support1 o' G, u0 F1 |9 t. B4 P- |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% y$ l' }7 H( n7 t) ~1 ^6 ~* F
7 {; B7 ~, s4 c9 YCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government h' p6 Z2 G" h0 I8 a- v# h$ S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies) g* j0 ^! i$ T8 n$ I% o/ ^" h0 ?
124. Boycott of elections
& @+ o: l* v$ u* k8 n 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 V& a g. H4 p& t; [: I. w 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 D# g) e0 n1 O2 Y
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% B) T* f: J4 Z# U5 W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
) W" J7 ]: O6 W2 }/ [" O5 d, ^ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 y/ m6 k. z; r, r
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ \/ N4 `5 t0 Q" A$ F+ n
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 U9 Z( z3 ~) j5 K 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 t( W" n U: Y& R7 p N7 S% h
1 G" N S3 F) f+ a& \Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 E: Q1 l. V- Q/ J3 P( q9 } 133. Reluctant and slow compliance E4 T+ h0 o0 M, A
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- ~6 {0 g) Q2 g4 @* j$ \: S
135. Popular nonobedience! k# i3 F }7 _) {1 V! K
136. Disguised disobedience
: v" h. o) O! y; B# ~! G 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 X2 Y# s1 C( Z( i 138. Sitdown
) s7 X) }1 J0 u1 ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation, w0 G2 P6 k) m4 D) I' X
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ U3 w1 x. \" k$ ~! r$ O0 F
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ H0 U% d6 }# p
- M7 m/ z: P! e5 C" O0 c- lAction by Government Personnel# i2 F" I# w: M1 L. l( R1 E9 H
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 q: ]. Z4 x1 }6 H" r% ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( O' n8 e& w4 L# [$ X
144. Stalling and obstruction
0 d8 Y3 E4 {" f2 }9 ^+ Q' v6 h" a 145. General administrative noncooperation
" P4 ?2 J" U1 ~# a& o! r R: F' p! x% u) J; O- [, c
146. Judicial noncooperation7 K: A+ [. e5 C! N
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ p, j0 X- _. C/ Q$ z7 w2 J2 A. m 148. Mutiny0 v6 O8 X4 Q! Y
Domestic Governmental Action
, j R' E# R! G1 o! C 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 c. f5 c9 P! P 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: ~0 ?4 k6 q+ ?& N3 t3 r _
" n( p$ A8 r7 s, U. rInternational Governmental Action3 H# \5 @4 r, r% x# ]. z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, J$ f( }. {3 q& D' [( A 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: J: E- o C& D3 m W4 B 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; l" z% l) [1 ^& e 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. W% l7 M$ c( E
155. Withdrawal from international organizations( f. D) B& r" K4 j e" q% k& Z2 z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: {- O: K+ Y8 y* i- v. P/ h
157. Expulsion from international organizations
( I/ V0 f$ k8 X
1 P( L9 \6 G! q, W3 { 0 L! ^; \5 C# q/ M, Z
: i) v- k! a4 S1 |) b3 `" n. pTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION3 l) I T7 H* b
# l, ?% G8 x6 t7 d( v) Z+ B% } , t9 l: D, ^8 B! f
Psychological Intervention
9 ? V2 B5 ]$ C9 P: f, N6 q& R2 J 158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ d" J* T; L: J* s# x; Y; F( p 159. The fast
: q; O& i: r+ V. \ a) Fast of moral pressure. a, Q6 \3 U6 u* R* M8 B
b) Hunger strike" o6 i1 @6 r$ q
c) Satyagrahic fast
2 Q) ^7 k0 w _7 M$ H2 i 160. Reverse trial
. f% {6 W( i E$ { 161. Nonviolent harassment
7 ^$ A& C& r; w+ S8 O
% r/ k) ~0 Z) ePhysical Intervention
8 N8 M! M, g) E2 q4 j 162. Sit-in; J$ d% g7 \# L( Y4 b) O9 L2 H
163. Stand-in! ?+ l5 i) m4 S) J4 n8 k
164. Ride-in
1 |, Y# Z! `' g4 V$ s& U/ W 165. Wade-in
9 B% b8 m) N' T; h: e- P 166. Mill-in
! G- _' U! i4 [ 167. Pray-in+ g, o' V! q2 ^8 V2 C. S
168. Nonviolent raids
7 K" l" n/ i9 _, l' }9 B 169. Nonviolent air raids
?) t6 T# v! t9 O% `) _ L 170. Nonviolent invasion8 P6 Z0 q0 v0 b- |2 r5 Z( A; M/ _
171. Nonviolent interjection
! c% K( L- [8 S# o2 ~ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ ]2 \$ X9 _; V6 s6 ~% r 173. Nonviolent occupation
4 }' a+ s5 F# q& U" E I8 `. t) b6 H" |0 Q+ L# X" E7 P: [
Social Intervention
5 z6 C. n0 z" N* j& |. l3 b6 s$ M. o5 e 174. Establishing new social patterns
- l0 n- C0 ^! B) Q" }% W 175. Overloading of facilities! V' T% A( l+ x/ I- t" U
176. Stall-in
5 U8 n2 g: z6 {$ _ 177. Speak-in' X1 Q% \! E' J5 ~* T/ W6 |
178. Guerrilla theater1 G B. |- B! B- P4 Q: n
179. Alternative social institutions+ D7 a2 y" ]5 m" D
180. Alternative communication system
& x$ y2 K) @1 l, ~
# z% p- ^% {$ t1 H) r; sEconomic Intervention
4 r$ @, p+ _+ ?' K* @ 181. Reverse strike; E T) b1 b9 {# L e
182. Stay-in strike
) w, J! v7 P; x9 Z 183. Nonviolent land seizure1 x) U. d' Z5 J7 @2 i" Z \
184. Defiance of blockades4 s& e: f: C7 m+ @/ q% e6 I5 g
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' f% w8 v+ q6 T4 i8 j 186. Preclusive purchasing
# V5 Z. C1 ?. G) z 187. Seizure of assets
+ R+ u/ c- ^3 v 188. Dumping
" }) s0 Z+ f" |. n4 c) [ 189. Selective patronage
1 h; T. E; M9 p' a. `( v. H 190. Alternative markets" R0 ~0 ]9 S. }1 I: u! k: k
191. Alternative transportation systems
; T! y* \. S, B9 J. z$ M% o 192. Alternative economic institutions
1 W+ m, y, Y _
" k) M- V, _+ E2 Q. t8 d* uPolitical Intervention* B" e0 N* k3 t! O U. |
193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ j9 k2 p* _: q' A a2 l2 Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 d8 }% J9 u: t0 F% W: E
195. Seeking imprisonment t4 A( Q c6 e3 }5 m
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 P; z: A4 t# h" Z
197. Work-on without collaboration$ P2 b( W+ z. }7 s$ c
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
