 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 s# g$ z( @+ N* z
Formal Statements7 n3 U* J6 N# P! e+ R; c
1. Public Speeches7 ?& g& e4 a0 j0 [- V
2. Letters of opposition or support/ |" e, S5 j6 ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 d8 x% W) Z! W" E
4. Signed public statements/ [ M$ O8 l. ]: z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 G+ m- W# ^9 `1 R8 f& c 6. Group or mass petitions
& P6 }. J" Y; C) }
- v! R/ C: j- \, b6 Z. ^: TCommunications with a Wider Audience
5 {8 b, Q/ F+ I+ a3 q. n 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, {( |4 y8 q% K; c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications N6 P/ ]+ T+ q5 N0 P( ^
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- Y0 d+ A; O! [8 N 10. Newspapers and journals
* z/ _: p$ n; p: P3 G& {" v 11. Records, radio, and television; U# y" @3 V* {, w" b- h. m. X
12. Skywriting and earthwriting( N0 n3 y" G' m# ?, d
- _& i8 t/ c: D/ F TGroup Representations
. r: _; c' F. x8 N) p 13. Deputations
8 h& d% G" r9 ], P; E 14. Mock awards# S5 O( h8 r: n" O) ?, `
15. Group lobbying
! K1 U( U9 G7 h# n4 f* p" }: [ 16. Picketing
8 T. q8 Y3 l6 o: b 17. Mock elections
) v8 ]' X# R4 H' v% j( v
$ C! {, v# I; H3 o9 L; x$ ?Symbolic Public Acts) P- B7 z" E9 a, O) }
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# i- Y/ A1 @' d9 ]: z; A9 B6 c
19. Wearing of symbols' Y' n/ S9 [" |2 S
20. Prayer and worship0 Z8 \: W% B. X) L x
21. Delivering symbolic objects
& @* `9 U. G7 R5 p2 f, N- c4 ~3 M 22. Protest disrobings
) i" m. M. z& b# o: S' I6 H2 F 23. Destruction of own property
2 O; A3 ^' Z7 @- j1 A. }7 u. q 24. Symbolic lights
; ~! I' _8 }; D4 m# X. R1 Z 25. Displays of portraits. _. Z( d5 }4 _/ R8 y: ]5 V' j
26. Paint as protest
$ D" ]) a) M+ A% y 27. New signs and names4 v6 m- m( {, K/ h! t
28. Symbolic sounds
8 H8 z7 T8 U$ t" f# n u# Q0 O 29. Symbolic reclamations5 J, v/ u0 t% F: n6 Q I/ l; G
30. Rude gestures
# j( k4 K$ B- T7 i1 B8 { y/ A" [5 }0 L. i5 W. P8 v3 I- r( y* U
Pressures on Individuals
: d! r, t5 t1 o; f2 z 31. “Haunting” officials
3 L, M& O8 c8 Q. B 32. Taunting officials
0 f( @: i# N5 m 33. Fraternization
5 ^. d6 b6 o" w" F6 } 34. Vigils
2 o, ?( M/ B% \8 ^1 {2 i! ?* W
! O- e3 s w6 U, D+ ODrama and Music
& o: F5 i2 |; {6 [: L 35. Humorous skits and pranks2 l/ f5 u5 s6 Z. M3 z6 g" n( x
36. Performances of plays and music/ u6 X1 A* Z+ o, b
37. Singing
5 I% ~7 X, D0 h( j0 P, i4 G& p9 |. T$ [- q& K% X$ I9 f
Processions2 e E' y* r# h
38. Marches# i# k# ?, y5 ^/ ?2 J
39. Parades+ [ v/ n% D4 G, ?- ?' I+ X: l( N
40. Religious processions/ e. |+ G/ a8 @, t9 B
41. Pilgrimages
) n+ B+ g3 r# V. |3 Z8 x 42. Motorcades
6 `0 T$ B( ~# v( L/ I4 _" X- {. v1 i: B( c' p
Honoring the Dead+ W2 P$ {5 z) j9 d( M" C2 \
43. Political mourning
8 }% D* R: Z, e2 D: ^- ?- _/ H 44. Mock funerals$ Q9 [) |' {+ I' a- | ~
45. Demonstrative funerals
) Z7 h8 q6 x8 Q. J 46. Homage at burial places K0 |: J9 Q' T- M; V/ |- |! z
5 z. X% W8 S$ @2 J. r c3 g, Z e
Public Assemblies$ M8 b Z' |3 z9 s) ]/ `
47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 Z6 ~6 \9 E% u: E, L1 g 48. Protest meetings
* T4 r8 G& D! ?+ X% W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 @8 C2 Y4 o& u/ ^8 S1 G& { 50. Teach-ins
: ]" Y; c- k" Y2 T& A- N" }% Z5 i1 m1 m# s1 |* i5 T
Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 l/ F3 E. A" u( j8 @ v 51. Walk-outs& h6 t' o0 p- J6 W6 t
52. Silence* [+ B1 Y5 f2 I9 \
53. Renouncing honors. O* Y* z) ~' u- ^
54. Turning one’s back* d _2 [4 N, t' F8 D
, d8 v8 S4 B! @2 j
: e/ V7 a1 ^1 f1 G# H2 ~, t7 ?0 F* y, O
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) o* c" ~# E" H7 [2 v, r6 o9 [8 Y# d7 |$ [- |
$ u5 d4 a# { H% s/ S k3 d0 M' \, a) Y; W) [/ T
Ostracism of Persons: _% t7 }/ G& k9 P$ F
55. Social boycott) H4 ^# M8 d4 f* f
56. Selective social boycott
) G3 Q- H0 e. e+ ?1 r 57. Lysistratic nonaction' u0 l+ ?$ ?# ^7 ]4 F/ W' T. W
58. Excommunication- e# E: V8 c6 T
59. Interdict& P2 c. x& H% f4 c* r8 Z8 ?
0 @, I; D! e7 ^( j9 QNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 v! k5 S* x9 s7 |0 [+ ]. a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities# j1 U8 f* {" G. \0 U, P3 \/ `! {
61. Boycott of social affairs- J) B; h; p0 V4 i! Q: q, n" @
62. Student strike2 n5 ~& L3 z! ?7 V* [
63. Social disobedience/ L ` J7 u2 n
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% o& }2 W8 [1 @" u- {- _6 N
: v z+ y& G: s; O4 WWithdrawal from the Social System
, ?( g! A l9 ^& Q 65. Stay-at-home
9 L; \$ z7 J1 n+ t' r 66. Total personal noncooperation
0 O2 Y l% H0 W$ G$ z 67. “Flight” of workers
! }% I7 K3 W. M. q9 r 68. Sanctuary
+ L1 ^3 O' o% F1 x9 G7 B; x 69. Collective disappearance
) I; Q Z& R* e6 \( h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 E: ~4 p3 I. m' R3 g- A
0 S. ]8 I9 Z$ q- H9 q6 ?
7 @, E& H# D- X* p/ t* y5 J8 l" d6 }1 f. T
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
. e2 Q3 b6 J! Z. f% L7 V6 a$ B0 T* L9 `' {2 B; M& w
+ W. f4 ?- h5 v% Q/ Q& EActions by Consumers
: f& X' w2 h$ I% z& T! ^2 k2 n2 r( [ 71. Consumers’ boycott
* H4 ^) R3 b, ]% s5 o4 x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ w/ p, t O2 C; e9 N' o$ _* U9 M: |# X! V# a 73. Policy of austerity
# L/ @0 n' H$ X2 Z; N 74. Rent withholding
2 q% e1 W! g2 s+ ?- i A 75. Refusal to rent
$ B! M" I3 {% ^, L8 U 76. National consumers’ boycott) b7 z) A$ z- ~1 [0 ^
77. International consumers’ boycott8 Y+ i% y* C4 Y. q: G! h J8 f
( `8 F2 o4 P8 c* w d' {
Action by Workers and Producers5 h, l0 H$ J8 z* J% {
78. Workmen’s boycott8 H5 l+ C, } n! l
79. Producers’ boycott- S. h0 s* B3 r2 C: q4 a4 g
( {! Z% h$ z: a) @+ d0 @
Action by Middlemen
' @$ ~7 }6 u) H- j+ J 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ Z" j. O% x, k0 h' A6 Z. X* ?" v( U/ ]- n+ @5 ]
Action by Owners and Management
' b7 G/ ~9 T0 [2 u; k8 Y5 e 81. Traders’ boycott$ Z* M2 j/ B% W' R$ y
82. Refusal to let or sell property
' E( S9 h1 p) r, v1 ^+ Q! i 83. Lockout
! P0 Q- L* J( T' D* {5 H$ ~ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ P; E0 q, S) a* l1 e6 l
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 w" W& T9 o7 z1 n/ F
( V y! |" ?/ }" Y- yAction by Holders of Financial Resources& {# G0 G A: ]% g ?6 g- p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ _7 O$ o( _5 i$ W O$ j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& P* g9 m! C! t: z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 x+ {( c0 _4 ^7 _
89. Severance of funds and credit2 k0 i7 T# ^7 _
90. Revenue refusal$ f8 o0 K' d" O0 S. B5 z
91. Refusal of a government’s money7 B/ O8 V5 x6 Q. E% g. ~5 j: m9 z
- z! |1 d7 T& V) L) XAction by Governments2 }9 }$ C+ `2 f; {: I
92. Domestic embargo y) V7 J$ d2 y* ]7 G) h' V: z
93. Blacklisting of traders7 ^% p$ L! |" q
94. International sellers’ embargo
; r! f! `, {7 ]9 D, `6 j6 d4 k 95. International buyers’ embargo# v" q# N4 B' K4 Q+ V; x/ I
96. International trade embargo0 o9 W T: b9 d5 K5 }1 m. q
6 ?9 r$ U. x# c) N3 x
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) ?6 T! y. o( c& STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
5 I7 x2 K6 v8 |6 X0 j9 T/ L8 L+ g8 [* p& M
9 g' G4 Q1 M& i* N2 S7 t
Symbolic Strikes
Q5 ^+ ~9 I5 ^9 r 97. Protest strike
, \ Y. m' z# I8 B/ l; q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( H: d1 w1 R7 G* {+ h
7 w3 u V6 f* V: g" wAgricultural Strikes1 E) U$ ]& S2 a4 i, g1 s& U
99. Peasant strike
3 [0 {3 \9 j6 S 100. Farm Workers’ strike* G. c7 {/ q; [
5 D( M9 w- G0 M+ s/ {Strikes by Special Groups' B3 q- h1 |2 g
101. Refusal of impressed labor1 B6 M+ S# L* G
102. Prisoners’ strike
# ]- q6 w' a @ p* `9 A* t 103. Craft strike
# |; N& f: P! B) M9 [( d 104. Professional strike
. t2 l% o# @- R7 I! B7 _ v! W4 m6 D7 l, x
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 l/ x7 [ B. A" c 105. Establishment strike
, c0 G/ E. H+ b 106. Industry strike
; {5 q, H: V$ @% G: L( A 107. Sympathetic strike, U" Z# C, \! W- e7 @4 Z3 U+ Q
. b" r+ m& L3 f: U+ V. \& F- a
Restricted Strikes% t+ X8 @/ `4 Q) t
108. Detailed strike3 Q. x- A2 @8 \& e. m1 E
109. Bumper strike
5 V1 _- H" M J5 P0 m' J 110. Slowdown strike w |- e4 @' c; o8 B
111. Working-to-rule strike
4 c* a; w! A" _& I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; H: V. j7 f8 K; b+ M 113. Strike by resignation# K; q# V; j" E" W8 b
114. Limited strike
2 l% w3 ]) C5 |/ p& H6 e$ b- ] 115. Selective strike
8 t7 n3 a$ V8 k. t3 C. ~5 f% e! N( Z4 n' y( }/ N. _4 f
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 X% u* ?$ s( e p' {) A; ^. z f. x; _; T! P3 q9 a
116. Generalized strike
2 s/ A8 j# n$ P" t2 O: S6 g+ w* T8 L0 N2 n. f( U. y P
117. General strike
+ `- l8 S7 A0 O; n* \* B4 F
& X3 h+ s- \+ s6 N) h NCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
# E5 {7 Y8 P' ~7 u. z/ \: s
# m5 h( Q6 E$ Y9 E- g' V0 p 118. Hartal' Y; S6 b" A) E1 m2 Z
9 m7 [! ^& |/ t h# i ?2 }
119. Economic shutdown. Q V {+ [& M, @' ^ E
4 x9 X# k& m }8 N* Q, H9 f, W U
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0 |, W' k: x+ n. Z; o" V' N
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 q1 b( L/ _% O
# `8 S9 K, t$ m - w6 _+ E+ |6 B' j2 B: X f; G/ |
Rejection of Authority1 M- x, l* y7 L! Z- X1 b& n" [& d: \* \
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 _0 g# c9 M# y
121. Refusal of public support
( u8 z7 C% }: P3 }5 K1 b$ o6 l 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 O( J+ j5 q3 s0 v+ P* S% p I/ l
$ O" y8 {. |1 I6 G- q( }# s3 N
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government, A' s5 d8 ]2 p# |8 {. b
123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 z; Z4 ~: g0 S( x, ]
124. Boycott of elections4 E: m5 v5 n1 \* ?1 q# ~$ Q' J% K
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 b) T% c& A) a, J' S+ x5 g 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( S* H0 t5 D& B! d& ^
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: B: V6 [" }4 _+ i- V8 H- x2 \& Y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 A! M$ X6 @# ^# u8 A% e 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 n. E$ [/ ~4 l
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" S6 [, l* `) E c9 _* J 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 k5 Q' h. V P% G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 a* A3 c& s, ~; {2 h# O2 @: a3 [" J0 B2 |6 t* H* u+ o
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% h3 S6 J3 M( `8 ^& }# O" _ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ R( S; o4 e3 o# _ w' p1 g 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 @) \( L( I7 _6 {% D4 l9 T
135. Popular nonobedience% z! S+ G; V9 G9 Z; X+ u
136. Disguised disobedience
% X: k2 }5 g+ o% W- E9 } 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- V% z$ w; |( q
138. Sitdown8 {- R. _4 S- L9 K8 }
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 d- A1 m* J/ K3 f! p- V 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 E* Y; A- F) X# K( Q4 V$ ?% \ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: A2 I/ k7 ?. W* b+ A/ \
" R/ O3 K2 @- l# F# e, L9 g& @Action by Government Personnel
* A7 [1 t* q8 M$ u% q s' F 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* z! }# X8 j3 j, I6 X4 P 143. Blocking of lines of command and information' V) I7 {, P0 @ [$ d
144. Stalling and obstruction d/ p; K% Y1 m9 [
145. General administrative noncooperation2 F$ m3 b& r, M, v8 X% U! O
9 K7 p" S# L* J8 o 146. Judicial noncooperation8 `; a! q# n, _0 d' Y B
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) u+ ?2 b5 ~8 s1 F7 \0 W8 W" ~
148. Mutiny' q/ x M- R3 c* S+ l7 m
Domestic Governmental Action
. q8 m; r: Q7 ?& [& m 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) @! h$ n2 ~( }5 U5 m4 H4 x% P 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
" w1 N' G) J7 c$ `$ u' L( b5 U. H1 a2 e$ p; A7 S5 d2 \
International Governmental Action, C i1 J4 j! c5 J8 z" e- z/ a/ w6 r
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ U; b/ _! s- {! D9 l9 X 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ L, h6 ]% v& X
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 O/ C; v" G4 e 154. Severance of diplomatic relations& m6 q; J+ O0 \+ b* R' |+ A/ \$ C' C
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' L7 x: A, \' {. x1 V 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 x9 C1 E$ A9 k l( C8 o5 j4 m
157. Expulsion from international organizations
C0 w: a( f9 y+ D5 Y: i& ~4 I' m# i8 F3 I- q# C( X# ^. Z
1 | s2 t, ^# s0 S4 h
: f" u- t, B- E! F9 \+ i' m9 x6 HTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 [4 ^$ U* ^ A
' `- I0 E! H* oPsychological Intervention
3 E& {* Z i6 S& {* ? 158. Self-exposure to the elements/ r$ J+ S6 F7 g" L
159. The fast
' I& R. g. j" z0 E4 Q6 q4 Y a) Fast of moral pressure
6 _/ s! U* y d) d- Y# A8 | b) Hunger strike
W! _$ |* [# _6 w1 v% D! v! P& t c) Satyagrahic fast
5 R8 ~8 }+ C2 I 160. Reverse trial7 i% B- a, c, p+ k. s* u3 P
161. Nonviolent harassment% B! H. n) G# m! [
0 Z: T* Z+ Z8 NPhysical Intervention' I; |: M' ]; a3 h2 v. J4 |
162. Sit-in
6 ?; V* x% O$ c6 O! |9 F9 } 163. Stand-in+ h; k0 ^7 u' T9 `4 n
164. Ride-in
, \' c* G# Z& z7 }' s$ S& g 165. Wade-in
& t. i! f+ S' w! t: \0 O% f9 y 166. Mill-in
0 T- t. \3 q2 V. P X2 I9 Z7 [! z2 x9 E 167. Pray-in
1 t% c3 ?% T4 f 168. Nonviolent raids v) U4 t. e7 Y& U5 s* B2 O3 I/ B; X7 H
169. Nonviolent air raids! i$ v1 ?, p' R8 v% O
170. Nonviolent invasion! a3 V6 z; @3 e3 j% i0 ]
171. Nonviolent interjection( z+ Z: P# J. P# s n2 \
172. Nonviolent obstruction' y" U* p: I, v* ]7 P y
173. Nonviolent occupation! ], U. }, \( W6 C! Z$ h* E1 Z* ^
, n. b& l7 f9 nSocial Intervention
- Z! |, r, x! y) \3 M 174. Establishing new social patterns
2 ?% }1 p8 C4 |( X, W) ]" H" k 175. Overloading of facilities
6 v$ n9 o$ g3 U8 G9 h 176. Stall-in4 F7 K2 t! {) i/ m6 H6 ?
177. Speak-in: T; q: ]5 a2 y0 g
178. Guerrilla theater9 `! G& R- V9 p9 h- _! J; y+ z* D
179. Alternative social institutions4 B6 x* ~) ^# R+ A
180. Alternative communication system7 s# x5 u$ Q1 g. C+ @
n/ j$ z; g& \3 C" N$ P3 qEconomic Intervention! B5 v5 O: g/ d* j5 M
181. Reverse strike: {# z9 ]$ i) e
182. Stay-in strike) n0 J6 _# O& ~' E6 T! N, M# A
183. Nonviolent land seizure$ V5 e S, K$ A; V6 a, r6 F
184. Defiance of blockades
' V0 g% `. J( w( A; [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: a1 ~7 i1 i) ^. M3 d! l
186. Preclusive purchasing8 l/ \3 u; Q; e' h Z- `: s
187. Seizure of assets0 N) [9 w5 x: K0 k, l
188. Dumping, ^: _. E0 w2 t6 a4 e; x, W
189. Selective patronage
% K0 G+ ], v1 c0 a: _2 C 190. Alternative markets
" D0 J: f9 `9 K1 q 191. Alternative transportation systems* J0 u7 {8 t% W( H
192. Alternative economic institutions
# p/ f5 a# w1 {9 e& c" t: r5 w/ l) `0 h
Political Intervention1 l. ]" t# P# H3 n- S% h
193. Overloading of administrative systems* [+ r% k9 e: W+ f7 A
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 i, [, @4 C- W$ j( y1 e. O
195. Seeking imprisonment) N1 d& R" u0 ?: a: n3 l9 Y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* D, x# u2 b& a
197. Work-on without collaboration
' U3 f' y" V: u3 Q3 z& z9 w 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
