 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 q( i$ g: g" Z, e7 n4 gFormal Statements
7 Y D3 [( o1 o( A- M$ G6 i% y 1. Public Speeches; T1 C Q+ l& Y
2. Letters of opposition or support
" Z0 R) O5 u/ z# m S0 v 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ N& X* N( k q0 H0 C' s 4. Signed public statements; P2 d0 d, c" P
5. Declarations of indictment and intention- c# s, N, L9 P$ h+ y- n) V2 N
6. Group or mass petitions: L" A1 D$ O$ b8 K+ B! r
4 }3 o; }7 F A& X# D1 v( x2 D
Communications with a Wider Audience
) A" @/ ^* @7 D/ @ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 \# L! d5 G1 G1 N, o& Q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 F* g5 [5 G4 N- O$ N* N6 P
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* |2 E% k( T1 k$ k- L1 L' y3 z" v
10. Newspapers and journals9 s* Q5 W2 Q7 D% \. ]" U0 U a" Q
11. Records, radio, and television4 P" M: q. z, H- ]) d9 B5 }
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& z5 T% j1 R* `- j, X3 y$ P4 U# b3 \# j
Group Representations
$ p' B! X; V6 q" K: S6 T7 ~ 13. Deputations* r! V. y. L; Z1 M
14. Mock awards
5 k9 l* X8 l s 15. Group lobbying, E( [0 Q0 @0 w) M7 [- O) W
16. Picketing
, T$ C) T, \8 I! h7 B 17. Mock elections
: A( T" C0 v2 k* a% X1 w/ @* [7 P
$ P) |0 K3 d: J8 mSymbolic Public Acts/ l3 i" I) s7 B! D7 z9 \5 y3 R+ g
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! O9 |1 b4 l& M) m8 E/ {3 C; h" A5 U 19. Wearing of symbols
1 E3 l, I" D! y: g 20. Prayer and worship
: {5 M0 P8 Q2 Z4 s# F 21. Delivering symbolic objects
) F* T) y# t {+ F, u 22. Protest disrobings F; _+ `3 S1 P. u% z4 s
23. Destruction of own property
5 K ^2 Z% n+ R1 D9 S6 J d 24. Symbolic lights& ]. Q6 w; M. ?% j. D: {0 ~. t! n
25. Displays of portraits x+ c4 y ?) F9 Z7 g
26. Paint as protest$ H" }3 U8 f1 P- n" w0 n
27. New signs and names5 R3 ]6 k5 x3 d4 o$ |4 q
28. Symbolic sounds0 m5 K! w7 J! j" j
29. Symbolic reclamations; e* {8 h: l" d
30. Rude gestures. Y8 j: A" m! Y+ g4 u' W$ Q
/ ~+ q2 ^! a3 g" nPressures on Individuals
5 ~: g' X* l& B9 j$ r- t 31. “Haunting” officials
4 R; P, s$ N* H5 W" M4 ]1 ] 32. Taunting officials& b7 _; V" i) i% g- y
33. Fraternization$ I+ O! E- r+ M8 y1 t: Z- o% Q+ e: c
34. Vigils5 a+ ^- V& s* U. W% R0 ]
7 x3 u/ Z8 ?6 h4 A( O9 d$ B
Drama and Music
1 \. H0 f2 J: Q% i 35. Humorous skits and pranks( z$ {5 y m, f5 \
36. Performances of plays and music
- |, |, V7 E# h5 g7 j: |% _ 37. Singing- I% R3 l9 B; m4 k
e L/ Q& j/ H
Processions2 r4 m% M1 k: ~2 s' b( m0 N0 k
38. Marches
; m( Q4 J# y# J# E/ H. X( ]+ l1 o 39. Parades
# K4 ^3 P1 o; b 40. Religious processions
1 Y" M6 Y, Q. l" d$ C& E% x 41. Pilgrimages2 J7 z# f4 C: J: F
42. Motorcades
, r7 t k0 G0 O$ ~# M4 E# N
" r$ N# a1 `$ h5 XHonoring the Dead
0 T7 P# B! K0 V$ {8 ?% H; G 43. Political mourning4 Z9 ~) _# k. {+ \& _
44. Mock funerals1 m! f1 O6 W/ c# m# u$ U
45. Demonstrative funerals% B- A. L @, W0 C" p4 K' b4 T
46. Homage at burial places
$ a' K( b! M6 k' W9 ~' P/ v0 z8 ~
, N* I! {0 L/ ~6 g1 y3 J% ^; `) a) v( xPublic Assemblies
0 k$ g J! i2 u C& ]( [8 H 47. Assemblies of protest or support
% U8 {$ x; N. |; Z 48. Protest meetings' e* m# O- S& X8 z) l
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 c6 W: A$ e, ^
50. Teach-ins! J3 i4 V! z2 }
5 f {" T) ]+ o6 I. a
Withdrawal and Renunciation a% s: ]6 K$ c5 y0 p! I, m
51. Walk-outs9 s& I' T, [0 G N, g
52. Silence9 j7 I2 Y, F$ n$ h, w$ a
53. Renouncing honors, P7 |5 x/ n* D) y4 n% \" C* ?! B
54. Turning one’s back6 J* s. M/ [8 p, h8 P* I
3 g1 R% h* x2 Y+ m. d
, `7 b) d: ^3 A7 p5 g9 e, W9 {
. K, \6 T+ g( `8 |% ?2 OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 c+ F. L' y2 q3 ]' C& E
6 r% Y2 G; m5 \
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8 q- O3 _( h# E3 n; q; uOstracism of Persons
! v% k) O. Z" [9 q 55. Social boycott
! x' W" ], |8 A& X E 56. Selective social boycott# [1 q8 o% J* N4 F7 |
57. Lysistratic nonaction
9 R6 _3 U* R" m3 m1 c5 Y3 v 58. Excommunication9 K2 c' A' ]3 Z
59. Interdict) |. g: L' {; ~2 l6 d
; N+ r# [6 d2 F2 B! l# uNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 R' Q; T9 B# q8 G& l
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ x( K8 Y. \$ G7 C. P0 R$ o9 E 61. Boycott of social affairs
( u& H! h! ~; U, F. r+ [ I 62. Student strike+ e# L5 j6 h# k& ^( S' c
63. Social disobedience, l- o: \( a/ g2 H) [
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! O' L0 I9 e! _- h, v* H" r$ l' h f; v9 b D; m7 t
Withdrawal from the Social System: f. Z: v8 q+ M" ]: S3 G' @. O
65. Stay-at-home
+ C6 ~) t( o& h 66. Total personal noncooperation- c- H) G( r- ` ]* _
67. “Flight” of workers
1 P9 X; G ] O8 _: c 68. Sanctuary
- H1 X+ D6 y* J/ g% z 69. Collective disappearance+ r5 m8 k* U+ _+ T
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 ^; J, [+ b7 s( U/ i O
$ d K* x; V5 Z) J: u& H 4 ^5 s. h+ G8 d7 |" E
! r6 U- a- x6 U+ S5 P- QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ M& }) T/ m4 ~+ W/ x
5 T6 ^ `' |2 q9 z0 i
+ v! d* q1 B' S9 n# C, _: L5 g9 VActions by Consumers0 W3 ^1 V* ]. y0 q" E# K+ G
71. Consumers’ boycott. ^0 M7 S a0 g" L( q6 u3 |
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 x+ V$ B% v- {3 v 73. Policy of austerity
; O# D1 `0 u/ r3 D7 o: A' t/ k) C 74. Rent withholding
. w, ]. w1 E4 t- \( i 75. Refusal to rent( ^ }/ O! }, I/ r
76. National consumers’ boycott
6 |6 _ ?7 p* d* r/ J 77. International consumers’ boycott
) H" \5 w b) Z$ Q" I# | L4 n' v" e
Action by Workers and Producers
! g2 R% k9 i' ~4 X2 z, { 78. Workmen’s boycott* ~+ k+ ^6 T# ]1 c6 E; Z; n6 j9 T
79. Producers’ boycott0 k, ]4 u- X& d. i; H6 {
% [: A5 x0 P1 p& _9 Z5 R- h6 R: @Action by Middlemen; w4 @9 I- x% j2 d
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' ~/ _* g6 n& ]3 Z R1 V
6 p+ e" l" o6 Q1 U6 j4 vAction by Owners and Management
; ?! h8 v5 T4 h. C& s6 d 81. Traders’ boycott
& `" W8 [. [0 |6 f4 \* M) B+ O 82. Refusal to let or sell property
! N4 n3 D1 e Q4 A0 k 83. Lockout9 B1 T; _) p7 t7 Q" X
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! Q Z3 A- S O3 O; E3 j! b& [+ [0 z6 [
85. Merchants’ “general strike”8 Z; H* T U: J i5 ^
( c7 I& w$ F- S2 U2 @6 _Action by Holders of Financial Resources4 @8 C$ p6 A( g
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; o9 I! r' T- M& v9 s, L2 f 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
# g, U' Q+ o& Y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% Z7 z9 ]/ b/ M9 R. V) I ] 89. Severance of funds and credit- Y- Q; q$ Q) m0 L& i/ q
90. Revenue refusal- E, m7 y: {+ x$ g& k3 v: w
91. Refusal of a government’s money* |0 y# ]) ^7 h
& v1 p8 K( M! n9 MAction by Governments0 R! b( v2 R. [2 b
92. Domestic embargo
; K, @( H5 S5 i* ~3 r 93. Blacklisting of traders& _5 m$ m4 B4 u4 T" v$ Y
94. International sellers’ embargo5 R" ?$ N& ^( Q3 a/ a
95. International buyers’ embargo! n9 c# i( o1 l
96. International trade embargo
5 O- ~% V8 g) ~/ d8 x X$ p( \4 l* d7 [# K$ l% v+ c& F- T
o5 Q( [* A* Z: `7 |
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 G8 B) i! G6 Q/ A2 Y& b8 F( d: |& s4 s0 R
0 A* H6 V: t8 u- PSymbolic Strikes
7 s4 @. H3 d e7 p 97. Protest strike
" m( G3 a q* k0 Q. R* N 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( O' f2 h4 x& c. y( _; | v; m
3 b: G+ j i( t0 H% s* h# q2 x5 K5 `Agricultural Strikes
) M0 p7 V) i4 N o7 D, b9 ? 99. Peasant strike- h! N$ a1 e7 K0 W
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ z' B, l0 u2 A- D- ~# q7 Q
% v+ Q& i( @: Z1 x" {. m/ wStrikes by Special Groups3 L4 V t a& W
101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 C: `9 S3 w+ V& Y* U' f 102. Prisoners’ strike
+ E+ a2 p( p$ D8 c* K! g" ^! j! _ 103. Craft strike
$ Z2 I3 n% g U8 C0 T. V9 B 104. Professional strike* K7 `; O% M6 V
) G1 U: F3 _/ y* F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 T' O7 i k9 z) A( p 105. Establishment strike& M# Q/ L6 m! j0 i7 ~. y& \
106. Industry strike
% r, S8 B: t) [9 j 107. Sympathetic strike& T. t* k3 c8 y/ b2 U) D3 r' t
o# p2 Y" Q/ U/ k0 J- HRestricted Strikes M4 I2 s$ |. @* @. o1 B, @
108. Detailed strike$ }1 z* r2 l! ~7 U6 Q& F& B, C
109. Bumper strike( ^# Z6 r; {' }( K' |
110. Slowdown strike8 ]+ w8 ]$ N% k1 I9 [: D
111. Working-to-rule strike
3 z" b# y5 V/ y3 |" E& C5 H 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 c! i) a3 y5 Z
113. Strike by resignation1 v* M; n$ F, P/ [" y
114. Limited strike6 h, @- @ ], r" f7 O) Z
115. Selective strike
$ F/ n, g3 z2 t& U: `' d7 M* Q L+ \4 U' k- A3 k# H
Multi-Industry Strikes8 N$ Z* c' y+ ?, O' L7 t
2 B5 |2 `/ S& {) a- s7 \/ B/ f; U. e1 f 116. Generalized strike/ h, j- e7 U' _& v
+ z. Z4 n. j1 _" V/ k4 ^% R
117. General strike
5 x& D/ O% K4 A. L* ?4 i
9 i4 V6 V0 t$ y* W9 }" HCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 U- g# D! `5 J9 C) t% a
/ N! t9 Q& M( C. {' i6 N! Z* Q1 ^* I 118. Hartal
) q+ |/ F: A* g8 i( D
G" a& U" M G: K( V 119. Economic shutdown: z; `6 L9 m3 a( B! f6 B$ Q' X
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5 P- }. L+ R1 G0 N) [* M% i$ c q0 W) d2 A! S& s# w6 c0 ?
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 K' @) Y4 { y, D; I: ]4 G1 X
* j1 R& V0 V' D2 y6 c2 ~, D7 ]1 b 0 P8 g5 b4 Z( ], i% x8 T
Rejection of Authority
! d3 N# T3 d* C. U 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 Q7 b# R: C- O! B/ K c
121. Refusal of public support
2 y6 b. d0 N6 i" E4 ^ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 [ t; N1 L- s, Z% g( b7 h* D& u& Q
, |1 ^9 \, P$ a( j" vCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* K4 }) Z F3 i2 B% p/ y. q8 r+ d 123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 p7 Y3 H9 L* W- [( G0 d
124. Boycott of elections4 ?" E, W l x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ X2 U( v3 E/ O9 p+ A/ t- a! S
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 {6 X2 r9 ]2 ~* J+ }5 s* S* H
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 u+ D6 b1 P E; y8 H' L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 H9 o: s2 G& T5 }
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 @$ }/ L1 m$ P1 s
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 \! Z9 n$ A/ Y& A, a+ j 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ w, a/ W* B0 D9 W {* C' q- X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 w# k8 z* ?( V4 P# G3 _5 g/ h- D7 }
/ {8 @ @8 ~/ k& }0 W' C( V5 S5 s# J
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: B R5 ? M/ j: c7 t" E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 p6 Y. b8 t, A3 i5 i 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! C" G+ X9 E( g! ^. u
135. Popular nonobedience/ _3 h! D: l |. t5 J; q
136. Disguised disobedience
1 k9 a- n J' ^, G6 i 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# M2 G2 b. W* d* N1 J 138. Sitdown* t* Q" q) p8 l& k3 V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: f8 t7 c# d5 |6 S7 S9 X 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 K7 r$ M o! v R) ^ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% w$ N* }" o6 N, Z- ^& F& w3 p
: O& u2 V" ^$ LAction by Government Personnel* O; k# i' v P+ f1 H, B
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 m q* x( o; k
143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 q t" i; j: Y+ f
144. Stalling and obstruction4 m3 U3 c# {- z" P
145. General administrative noncooperation
+ q0 J+ y! D0 O0 c3 K( ~4 Z. P! G8 `9 ^$ r2 ]" ^1 U4 n
146. Judicial noncooperation$ e+ _4 a; W* p- W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' b+ } d5 n) v) f4 b
148. Mutiny; k# V; X6 ~+ y* [. |
Domestic Governmental Action
9 X! A" o1 l1 \& j 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% Y* @$ V) u4 f( z% B, w) I
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 D) F0 { D1 d" y- D
2 ?" l I$ _% GInternational Governmental Action( G b, E, P' T2 @- ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) l( m3 h* Z5 g9 N8 i
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
r9 Z a" C/ r' ^4 A 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 ~% R" ^7 N! L0 y5 V5 A/ h$ }" } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations; K# L8 V9 z. N
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! ^" V$ k. B- e, [7 r" Y: [ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 B+ Y5 R3 d" o8 _! Z; s# K 157. Expulsion from international organizations
5 a7 u$ \( {0 t6 x* o: _
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7 Y4 r O2 t8 f' `! D3 O# N+ S6 F8 b: K0 Y/ [6 d
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention) B- m! x6 g6 i1 q2 U9 n
158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 w6 q; o" ?# O% r; d" A 159. The fast
3 n4 `4 T) Z& f% e4 j9 ~ a) Fast of moral pressure
6 C$ L( c! m0 E x b) Hunger strike5 l0 Z* u+ }& F
c) Satyagrahic fast
- U4 J8 h- ]! H 160. Reverse trial' L m* A$ O& H! y" {, I9 |* e
161. Nonviolent harassment
) k$ i# O |8 h! u. c0 v; a
! r& l1 z) x. a& t" q6 }Physical Intervention
- |! X! J+ f0 B) G 162. Sit-in
0 t1 w( u. c5 f) t0 Y9 _ 163. Stand-in
3 K0 j- I- ]% F* |& i 164. Ride-in
4 \0 u/ V4 C$ M |: |: t R# s 165. Wade-in6 C7 l$ \4 w6 t1 y
166. Mill-in
2 T6 h- H( L, v2 V$ U/ {* U 167. Pray-in: b5 M! m, ]+ G8 _$ r2 Q8 Y F
168. Nonviolent raids2 b& o) d7 d4 U
169. Nonviolent air raids
2 h9 o$ v8 [9 |4 [6 m 170. Nonviolent invasion- a: ^' S& S! C9 }
171. Nonviolent interjection
9 {5 `, s4 m5 p; C$ u% G2 T 172. Nonviolent obstruction R, Y8 S7 w' Q: X# z+ O/ s
173. Nonviolent occupation3 ?0 X+ n [; U. l+ {
: |6 Z5 `, V9 y3 s+ E
Social Intervention# Q3 G9 T. Y8 h3 s9 B5 L& U
174. Establishing new social patterns9 Y3 Z. n: {6 y, x
175. Overloading of facilities/ x' _7 U( V8 m# c
176. Stall-in- J, m( E q( r
177. Speak-in
5 a+ K+ b8 i4 J+ s 178. Guerrilla theater; f- m- i3 i& W$ N8 Y: k
179. Alternative social institutions4 j& @- d1 v4 @+ X
180. Alternative communication system
: W$ e4 B8 E$ W6 N6 Q7 X; D9 i* W- t6 T& D0 a. S6 k: [# V7 ^
Economic Intervention
8 J: e! B* }( x* w& a# N 181. Reverse strike n2 x& h; t' w( v; j, @ t
182. Stay-in strike8 N1 h+ T* w! e9 M9 C5 i" |- B$ t
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 E! E o* s) m4 M7 @ 184. Defiance of blockades
$ L Z! Y0 x( V& ` 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 o, K# Y: T% S5 ?: T' C# t
186. Preclusive purchasing' A# }; K" ]( Z. m
187. Seizure of assets
) Q) u. J/ l( `$ n8 _ 188. Dumping* {& @# J% E1 Q0 x1 D8 Q6 Q
189. Selective patronage* D7 ~9 _9 [5 f- b B. d3 c. ]7 V
190. Alternative markets- ` p. M' v- }: y) a1 w& P
191. Alternative transportation systems
) g1 p8 x* V$ g1 Q, F0 e 192. Alternative economic institutions& U2 U5 ^, ?4 `9 T
5 T# m) ^& U5 V" ePolitical Intervention! b K4 O7 a: s0 J3 v" [0 ?
193. Overloading of administrative systems2 L- P! I9 _, M- [
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 r8 a6 Q* z- l! P5 {+ {$ @% C! D 195. Seeking imprisonment
. p: \1 n1 l& I4 r9 c5 V 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 n$ L: H$ v9 y* a e) `3 A
197. Work-on without collaboration, }0 |5 u6 _! n! |/ K
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
