 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ Q; Z! A. Q3 F/ MFormal Statements4 w$ f0 t2 L0 l, N
1. Public Speeches" m4 W4 R; b! W o$ N i X
2. Letters of opposition or support7 R a( a. b7 ^# X& C
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! z3 ^, P7 b* N$ z+ f 4. Signed public statements7 A ]. d9 `$ B) \2 Q7 S
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! v) O }/ m+ T 6. Group or mass petitions: Q7 {- Z* O, m, d! E
" A1 L1 I" ?( _6 T9 a
Communications with a Wider Audience
7 S5 ~. r8 U" ?9 t. `7 F1 G, x+ c7 h 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* ~- Y& [5 p. r
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 F5 _6 L) R6 P* y# K 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 n1 b1 [8 z2 ?% l8 a 10. Newspapers and journals# i& _. b0 A& n0 w- r' X/ k; z
11. Records, radio, and television
4 {2 F+ z; h' o4 C7 M4 { 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 |. Y1 n2 P! w5 F3 H
. Y% F* Y3 E; d sGroup Representations% u0 e2 b4 e W& u3 ~# X% r
13. Deputations# ?6 {3 a0 J; |" q1 m( F/ {* V
14. Mock awards {6 Q+ Z) S0 m6 c4 E, }; T8 B
15. Group lobbying
' }" ?- N: h3 S 16. Picketing
1 M* K+ O; l/ D9 n8 \, O 17. Mock elections i6 {" g- F. Y8 R4 j% i" ?
' h+ c1 q0 n1 E9 F9 _
Symbolic Public Acts
' I* K% H6 ^) X1 `$ G, ]! u* j# n 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors ~& E* T) N t+ h
19. Wearing of symbols
! F6 V& @+ l4 s 20. Prayer and worship
7 \1 g4 e* _4 f m# b 21. Delivering symbolic objects( S, O$ w5 K' ~: {: O+ l
22. Protest disrobings' ]7 A8 z3 P) n+ Z. u6 I# {6 B# P
23. Destruction of own property
* s! k5 O6 O3 I( S+ ~& [% X8 y2 L 24. Symbolic lights. |0 F1 U! I9 ]$ D' h" |
25. Displays of portraits, z) J) h+ e* c4 j9 ~" x- l* R
26. Paint as protest
- k/ ]- _$ S# h+ q 27. New signs and names( }3 {. q3 b# H' V
28. Symbolic sounds# A" Z! \4 p9 B; ~5 [1 D/ x
29. Symbolic reclamations0 g2 V0 u) K6 Z1 s" P' j$ H
30. Rude gestures5 O; Y' D" m' s' z, k/ X( j
3 C, j/ l5 @0 {* B- A5 @# jPressures on Individuals* d* L8 k2 Y# R& v9 a) a' v! a4 a+ U
31. “Haunting” officials K: X% J4 q& a
32. Taunting officials
1 z* n* c G+ x7 d/ x 33. Fraternization7 a& W, R+ u, y- X6 q
34. Vigils
% h, p- q9 }) }' f: w
: ?0 H. N( e; K* d4 S. VDrama and Music
, P; Z$ y; T5 n) @5 r 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ \, c' o# q4 _- U
36. Performances of plays and music
( B( q' Z& }! N0 ^+ g/ Y) R1 v 37. Singing
6 q8 \3 v: u7 l R& W
3 A; M) N! _9 c- e/ a$ `/ \Processions
/ G* E* o+ t+ s3 X) y+ J5 z- D! I# @ 38. Marches
T2 R; Q2 b: f. z 39. Parades
' }1 e3 L( Z/ e0 c; o: R) x 40. Religious processions+ D, c, b6 G# [9 ~2 p& g+ V
41. Pilgrimages7 E+ R. e& N* I
42. Motorcades* B( u# Q0 L) A* J& l3 m; u
* @1 k4 A+ _# C8 ~Honoring the Dead
0 E1 [1 ^. Q2 G5 k 43. Political mourning
0 O( H! M* [$ X% Y ~# X4 B$ b! G8 d 44. Mock funerals
4 K* H; e( U ^& v% b8 p 45. Demonstrative funerals2 x7 ?! j* s6 [; D2 F" j
46. Homage at burial places& e/ F1 o9 ]# y8 V' f' L& K
8 ^1 e6 O9 Y7 R+ M3 `2 C
Public Assemblies2 H+ f. t7 }# [! |# {
47. Assemblies of protest or support0 }! \$ R( Y1 C* m) R
48. Protest meetings0 I+ X3 v1 r. G- V% G" C
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 N, j0 {- L+ T" z" V 50. Teach-ins$ K8 c: O6 m1 j$ h: M5 K y& d
) ?4 k' Z' A5 _! A+ x `
Withdrawal and Renunciation! s& C" C+ }/ }! n& L) _8 h0 W* ~
51. Walk-outs
: J% |- ^1 J2 `2 T, l, R- v 52. Silence; h" I% b7 ?/ G+ T; j
53. Renouncing honors' V# M( B1 I. F8 M# s
54. Turning one’s back. e. I. m5 T/ H. Q% x
$ G" r( U0 x- ^6 @" H% U# A$ t
2 U8 D z1 v! r. Z5 n% [( u2 y* G# v
2 F0 Y2 I& T: ^' b hTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 }6 B( X9 L6 z; ~1 c$ d
: B3 ~. T( \. d. |1 y
L" W. r; k) J8 s0 p" I7 ^8 w: L4 K; p/ ]% w" G) C8 i4 ~/ f
Ostracism of Persons. n4 T) i& J% C3 I- ?( T
55. Social boycott
`& ]7 N8 ^ L- u8 M; X& M 56. Selective social boycott
" ^8 f+ R* W9 X c5 | 57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ g0 E. i# v; { 58. Excommunication" \( t9 g. \$ F6 L
59. Interdict
* G8 P7 i) {- B4 |, X, Z, M* v" T8 }' Q Q( q- M# h
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" Y2 C! x1 g+ K( r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities# }% e8 h4 ^3 R
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 n2 C" ]6 ]* y 62. Student strike
# g+ i) B$ W3 b% ` 63. Social disobedience: D7 m( ~ R6 z. o
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( q7 B1 ?& a, J/ m. f
) u5 [/ p/ C3 p% g: J9 |, GWithdrawal from the Social System
3 C9 w2 @, T1 k6 f9 Q) P 65. Stay-at-home
" R$ {1 L8 a( B+ ~& M+ G 66. Total personal noncooperation
8 ^/ q0 P% k) c# H' O% ^7 } 67. “Flight” of workers$ M% l' z8 t% @: p- V' f# Z. {
68. Sanctuary/ b! ~! Q6 k# A
69. Collective disappearance9 F6 y1 l- U# l6 i5 X
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 u# h, V/ d9 {2 Z/ a
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
: n7 q) g. ^ R/ W6 P7 W5 f; N1 w$ e& O S, f |
8 i( t% |% e* V4 B
Actions by Consumers
9 k; E$ m/ ^# _* \ 71. Consumers’ boycott% Q, q7 O; }# z$ C$ S) y. g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 X5 z1 x) r& J" W+ G
73. Policy of austerity
, H) c5 ]5 s2 m' b7 f$ w 74. Rent withholding7 C9 H: V" H$ \
75. Refusal to rent
; K! U U& L" E6 j 76. National consumers’ boycott
0 T, l8 l% A& R4 ^* j6 p0 G 77. International consumers’ boycott
& v! ~0 }8 D* h3 s% p' Q
- A5 r' ^9 X# L! `6 LAction by Workers and Producers
, {! v. Q/ u& s 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 F) [% `. a/ ~; F* P7 o 79. Producers’ boycott
6 [ s1 Z3 g* s; x, K& Q c6 O9 u! M3 o0 s( I& T1 D
Action by Middlemen
: m$ [, F1 {7 v6 l9 b! ~; F2 x' F 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott* v; L# f: b7 x) x$ i4 Z3 j
4 v5 K* ^5 q4 Y" Y. t5 C
Action by Owners and Management
9 \1 q; ^1 T& Y! o5 h" k6 @ 81. Traders’ boycott, T* F4 s4 e: y* s6 L3 N% S
82. Refusal to let or sell property: I. G8 x: r( H n
83. Lockout
/ n5 v* O4 ~2 d' ~) @ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 t# q" N5 Z1 l! x u# T4 P
85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 R x N; | w2 F( p$ ^
1 k- v" @% w5 a* d& mAction by Holders of Financial Resources& z9 e; j: Y; }. H" k6 {9 Y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 }' T! q! O" G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ o1 o! h- {3 E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
g* X8 k1 P/ G1 d7 n0 R! ` 89. Severance of funds and credit: N) \- A+ K1 J0 S1 X. \+ R! F
90. Revenue refusal
1 _8 _2 l! c1 I' F3 Q" K6 ~/ m 91. Refusal of a government’s money! X6 \7 u9 x! e: _- K9 g/ t
" e8 \6 o6 \" z9 a) q* m; q
Action by Governments+ f: \ P$ T9 n: a0 @
92. Domestic embargo! W% F* ]1 k) y2 k! _' j# j# I/ J
93. Blacklisting of traders
: I: Z+ `. r& D- ?* h 94. International sellers’ embargo
0 \) T2 f6 _0 C6 I3 B% c) x. Y: y: |+ h 95. International buyers’ embargo
8 A( G( a& J4 m8 ~/ L8 M2 [" b0 U/ Z" x 96. International trade embargo
6 s+ B1 Y7 Y- P. n- r& I' z
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3 }) {* n" `% ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 C f4 z$ Q# ^- u$ c5 @9 h* i$ {, W5 ^
1 [8 {. T! f' a8 ?( y0 {Symbolic Strikes5 o6 Q6 q3 q, J) @4 ?
97. Protest strike; L+ g( I3 u/ q8 B1 ^5 X
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 [: s- P" Q) Z% ]( p
, J/ j5 N- T( _( n: T/ I, JAgricultural Strikes" J" W8 d9 e: k; u
99. Peasant strike
% [. G: Y" y. s# ?! s 100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ Y# ~1 B: u- o% W* Q; W
' k9 c% U: m4 }0 C- v$ {+ OStrikes by Special Groups8 n) D( u* M- J" t* ]9 n
101. Refusal of impressed labor; G1 I" }$ Y" |: ?2 [
102. Prisoners’ strike8 w& l6 m$ j3 m" U& H
103. Craft strike
( m A' O, C6 [: D# x 104. Professional strike4 F3 F( ~0 a/ a" y* b
! n. d3 q. t; ~+ I; n' d3 }; h: LOrdinary Industrial Strikes
?; ?0 ?. |8 `: i1 `! ~& W! N 105. Establishment strike' V: [0 c( u y/ X9 T% u8 p/ y" e
106. Industry strike$ Q B0 O. |4 h& ^7 n# {' H# L
107. Sympathetic strike
Q$ J+ Q7 X1 R9 B* M
: X- |( h) Q; Z$ q5 x( p4 vRestricted Strikes" V" x4 Y5 @6 V& ~2 t
108. Detailed strike
. R3 n' H; U! A' R1 U- K 109. Bumper strike
5 l4 U; E: ?2 \) X- J/ w# g$ z1 E 110. Slowdown strike% q( D4 G6 o! W
111. Working-to-rule strike }# O/ G8 m' s3 H
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& _& \5 H# E# a# w
113. Strike by resignation( a7 P; @ k- U" Q; P8 ^
114. Limited strike% W3 p& P4 H; e, r5 M' p
115. Selective strike
. S- n: n: p: v
7 E. Q" F I- ]% j7 V5 T' ^& cMulti-Industry Strikes
7 y' k/ b2 j* ^. y1 x) q2 {( z0 Z+ L/ D
116. Generalized strike
4 ~" n" ]/ `" g5 W8 s; t; m9 d5 z ^/ Q0 u N6 Y
117. General strike8 [2 G# ^& P5 j7 G( Q
6 t# I- E8 H3 E/ c: K
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) @5 ]. C/ D2 }* s. s. @0 m
( ^; F& M+ R3 z6 i1 r, \' Q4 R0 w- O! o
118. Hartal2 P7 X8 A; f) Z e+ e% a% p' Q
$ M9 s8 n: W) I+ x
119. Economic shutdown5 j6 o" K4 t- t6 \
w# L* u- M7 J
* x7 u1 U, R$ e7 j) e/ V% X3 J. R, l* q" C$ l
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 O; I! V% ^& @' B; V3 x
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& @% Q- i9 x+ E. w. B6 d/ l; WRejection of Authority
$ }# x. N, Z0 G( Z/ r1 l- i O8 w 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# f z, G, e+ T) d1 F- G 121. Refusal of public support
) B. d0 F; K- k 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- O$ y3 K( L3 p/ g
; K3 J7 k% r; z, H/ A5 r' D# P3 y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 Y; r5 ]! `/ Q3 S/ y# D
123. Boycott of legislative bodies' V. m# [; ~7 N0 O% h
124. Boycott of elections: }$ ?) e- B, Y2 ^
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ u8 ]8 ~1 E9 ?7 D' z% \ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: |8 d7 D$ S5 K1 m% e" [) F
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 Q9 H; S7 _; D+ f! L) G 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 H4 V' ]- e! f1 V% k/ W7 Q5 _ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" Y+ b' v$ F/ s1 P, v7 A/ @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 l/ m- S$ E% ]- W" I& l( ]
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ Q1 B* z" T7 n- z% z% Q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
" \0 V4 I# ^0 x* X) |0 `+ N
2 P: n# E/ y- e2 |+ M( ?, ICitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ Q# |6 [' M. j! k- p& M8 J6 Z0 O
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# t3 E) E5 x7 F0 \ O8 |4 V5 M 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ H6 T0 @4 ^- F) H9 f( \
135. Popular nonobedience
6 N4 }+ W4 o h1 s& I* Q 136. Disguised disobedience
0 D2 v: v5 q2 V4 J# [+ V 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 u; R8 J2 O5 F) s6 i+ ~( P7 ]
138. Sitdown6 T; q2 ^. L; P0 y# f0 b
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ R' K4 \0 W/ d" u! h3 |
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 }- M3 u9 J8 D2 V/ S: c# M2 a 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws H" H$ P* @/ j7 u8 D5 h
$ d. h6 [+ j3 u" ?: h: N3 i, X
Action by Government Personnel) I" q/ z3 R a% U5 S0 o) x
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 B4 D4 U7 p6 c- j% f% R4 t2 s+ r
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' `+ O4 R- x" P- _( P) G$ j 144. Stalling and obstruction0 h: j" L4 R& ]3 o9 J* F
145. General administrative noncooperation U% _* k. A$ Z6 E! g& \
& S- s/ G4 g" i" w1 Z- T* l
146. Judicial noncooperation
3 m' e+ D6 B- \% a9 X3 l 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. A$ i: P; k$ K* q: T% X- [ 148. Mutiny
6 L& d+ i9 \+ }/ ?6 TDomestic Governmental Action
7 w4 J' x0 k; m& B4 f1 Y) b: E; D 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- h, A* u. N2 e8 @ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) X; t, z! o. d9 j5 M
+ } I. `# }5 L3 y: e/ L! UInternational Governmental Action
& B. G) g) n3 T. G 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# ?- @) ^8 k) l5 T1 |2 u4 p 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* x9 z1 Q- g1 X 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; Y* w3 y3 m3 {1 e) i 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
; U. n8 X2 V9 C5 |( W) X 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 `4 k" L6 Y- [/ M& H8 P
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 P( R, I1 o2 V; }/ `0 j 157. Expulsion from international organizations
( U5 c' j% T+ y, u0 W3 i* J: }$ p& B1 \' q: N! Y9 L4 Q; o
4 ^5 P2 e' o5 G+ o& X1 S
5 o6 Y& `, v/ X4 d2 Q* t
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. A& {( [" {! X$ q0 \& k9 J
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; c( U/ D3 {: @- ]. VPsychological Intervention
3 \% J9 n8 V, y 158. Self-exposure to the elements/ f5 d/ {8 @% v7 U: C
159. The fast
5 n& o P) O! ] a) Fast of moral pressure
/ J5 R+ l7 b- o1 m b) Hunger strike% T% U4 q% k; h$ I9 t' b- E4 {
c) Satyagrahic fast# b4 m8 g4 ^# J$ P4 w l
160. Reverse trial7 U# `$ p) }! M) `, d3 b
161. Nonviolent harassment3 n. ?6 k0 c2 O
: n. v- g8 k) i9 k; h$ i: g E
Physical Intervention( @( V4 Z* }1 \& v- d5 @
162. Sit-in8 l$ ? q! Y- q7 `7 M. D
163. Stand-in
* _/ u6 [/ o c" g$ @+ ?8 u$ u* v 164. Ride-in1 p N+ I/ F* I3 R1 X& I3 T( P
165. Wade-in
/ A$ K# r3 ~; k$ }- I 166. Mill-in
& Q8 W. M* @( U( Y 167. Pray-in
: \8 o, b4 h5 }, ~ 168. Nonviolent raids1 D) @. u3 k! X p: H! q3 p3 @1 O
169. Nonviolent air raids* a+ x# A( u+ y. T) D" {6 r. F
170. Nonviolent invasion
! E% N& R; ~9 L m9 s* u 171. Nonviolent interjection
) X: m, m, x7 M: e" Q g* N2 Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction
( c0 V* @% J2 f/ `1 R- V' w# b% O 173. Nonviolent occupation- Z* k7 F/ N: }2 |# F4 \; K& l
7 l- y( E y) m1 nSocial Intervention- h9 [' J& [6 T( P, u/ {
174. Establishing new social patterns
% H' R& D- [1 h, b 175. Overloading of facilities
$ N" ^5 b q! f 176. Stall-in( I3 E" t: i4 I( F, E* ]! c+ K, G
177. Speak-in3 |: \+ Y) R+ _2 j0 m6 P* U5 J
178. Guerrilla theater
" N( m& L4 r9 S+ Z6 |5 Z 179. Alternative social institutions" J: y/ t; T D8 h( g) m
180. Alternative communication system
" ^! n" ~( b: Q( X
* ^/ Y1 i$ {" i& ]5 ^& B' WEconomic Intervention. w4 _' Q5 B3 h, `6 Y, J7 H
181. Reverse strike
# p& Q7 O9 V' b* w7 |3 Q 182. Stay-in strike
7 l: `. d1 ~9 Z# v+ N 183. Nonviolent land seizure3 W5 @5 r! k8 I1 g; _
184. Defiance of blockades8 Z& }9 v% a& Q" C
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 E6 F+ c6 _! n3 A6 z. l* P
186. Preclusive purchasing
: Q+ Q! ^1 ?4 A- [3 O; g$ | 187. Seizure of assets
* m, u. L, n5 K 188. Dumping9 B3 ~9 X( O3 a/ l/ v
189. Selective patronage9 ~ D5 e2 Y: A( z, Q6 O( k) o
190. Alternative markets7 O7 m: n, o& y# b# f
191. Alternative transportation systems
! w" W% K: q" u% S 192. Alternative economic institutions
' c4 t8 [1 P) w/ W. [* \- d
2 E4 `- u6 P+ O( T0 U ^( \Political Intervention) W$ x. @1 p! V% N/ S0 o1 A
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 b6 P( Q& c* _$ j' M
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' `. ^& H1 P6 a' }9 {$ p; D
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 b4 l; Z$ C1 Q% J 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; o' p% M9 F4 Y, D 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 A- K( | t4 w) B) @2 B 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: X( B8 l; v( A, f
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
