 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- @; P0 x" _1 }! r( A5 C% l
Formal Statements$ b; E n, I3 `7 a2 B" D
1. Public Speeches8 r1 e& D6 w( H* e
2. Letters of opposition or support( r4 a# h' J4 c1 M: A3 g0 `( q% @
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& a' F6 x$ G$ W/ n
4. Signed public statements
; X: [5 C- X7 r0 O/ _ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 N: I$ K& V1 a" ]4 {
6. Group or mass petitions
2 A# \8 O% j3 q3 ]7 j( X6 E: z' {* k' P
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 W# T \& \4 e( [7 J' C4 N; j# |0 Y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% m2 ^7 X6 W3 G/ j9 C1 { 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 D z$ \6 a' ?) S5 b 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books- E% s% G' V7 B( p: z9 n- C
10. Newspapers and journals; S2 J0 s. L0 p* x9 E
11. Records, radio, and television
# _/ J* I/ }, b6 i2 X2 B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ _7 R* m! i) T( _1 X8 X
+ q+ t: a( T9 V& I/ S( @Group Representations
$ R2 `" g ^, [1 E' J" F. L7 A# F% P- C 13. Deputations$ k. a8 Q( }3 z* H7 \' K
14. Mock awards
% d. x- W) S1 }, e/ e- R' t4 ` 15. Group lobbying4 W' f3 P( w* y/ |7 e
16. Picketing/ K) ?* t2 l& T" r" L9 L/ L
17. Mock elections
$ e& c0 W) x2 j! x9 }
8 o" ]( D' y7 G8 `Symbolic Public Acts
: J& Q4 G% ~/ S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 I0 W: b* a- L% b3 t 19. Wearing of symbols8 \- N7 m9 w8 f/ m% J; E! @# W
20. Prayer and worship/ l- o1 y2 T+ C a) p
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 m) T' w$ |5 Y, A; E$ X
22. Protest disrobings% z" W0 S2 I8 @7 I
23. Destruction of own property/ v, v; w6 l+ C v2 V
24. Symbolic lights
9 V/ i! O* ^, w T 25. Displays of portraits: l7 b! n& J8 }: |
26. Paint as protest
( O: p ~: V s. E 27. New signs and names
h9 ^: V8 b6 M2 n7 z p 28. Symbolic sounds2 S6 B( b# z$ u5 z: {3 b
29. Symbolic reclamations
: q2 ?0 t& P& Y8 r 30. Rude gestures
, Y0 i0 Y/ j# l7 G- F- ~$ ?2 n' Y: I
- w1 H! `6 c2 R0 OPressures on Individuals w: j8 L- C/ o. c0 u: U8 K
31. “Haunting” officials
) c S* `: E5 _# x2 A+ T9 z Z 32. Taunting officials, W6 M# ^) n6 K' M; o( v, i4 P
33. Fraternization* d# ^% d6 w4 t
34. Vigils [! j2 w3 o9 x3 E) o8 E4 W% @8 K- a
, m. }" R) K) [5 r% |4 DDrama and Music
/ y3 p' S b( \6 x$ }! X 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 T2 U3 X, d: A t% O1 s. f 36. Performances of plays and music# |9 g7 n, ~6 Y: j6 a; F) b' a0 j
37. Singing* j9 i4 O2 |7 h4 {
# O- C1 ?- @7 qProcessions* ~2 \/ E" y: |
38. Marches
6 {+ y0 c- D3 d 39. Parades
/ C2 W' V5 t# ~! |, f9 \! w 40. Religious processions* K& b1 k& x# Y0 w0 B( O* x
41. Pilgrimages% R) a3 K4 B9 q @+ ?; K/ Y/ ~
42. Motorcades
4 R, k/ T7 j2 h! |6 ?5 O1 }
" z: H- T9 s+ |$ H; OHonoring the Dead
$ j+ Q! i- n* O9 Z- _ 43. Political mourning$ Y8 q+ P" c6 ^* j
44. Mock funerals
% n w( `; c! t: o% U5 I. G @; z* a 45. Demonstrative funerals3 k9 e: [; @" S# s
46. Homage at burial places
6 V1 T6 t9 H+ e9 w, `; t6 o' A+ S# J4 t. I" p' O' w
Public Assemblies% @& O5 W0 v: `) O
47. Assemblies of protest or support$ {* e* u! R* @8 I7 n
48. Protest meetings
8 _3 S) T- ]- y" |# B! ~, k 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( V4 x; y$ r6 Z. r
50. Teach-ins& d' |8 T$ ?/ h4 l4 M# a
' z" _ p7 y' Y: xWithdrawal and Renunciation8 C1 }! ?! O! ~' m) k
51. Walk-outs
) n+ h3 H6 F8 C2 i& G 52. Silence
" t' j9 X' K- P% J8 t 53. Renouncing honors
5 z2 d# L% m, x, ?& c) \ 54. Turning one’s back
/ h1 O% [8 K9 [* C# F. y' C Z' _0 s/ O7 j
! {& h7 b$ F3 x @' b. @ [) t. g
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, E9 Q% A4 u2 @/ X- k& D( w
b9 l/ G4 p: p7 m" Y7 c# }
6 n1 e0 [. ?8 s5 \& ]' O/ D4 @) A/ S9 d& c
Ostracism of Persons$ G' P- A; r F* d$ C$ s: F' V
55. Social boycott9 j* n7 S5 ?* D0 m) s5 v
56. Selective social boycott
F5 T. `+ D1 ?* |4 B7 k Y 57. Lysistratic nonaction7 y" J4 }5 g8 W P
58. Excommunication1 _6 q$ x. j( k& g1 U
59. Interdict3 y5 l8 s! U8 ^, ?3 r
5 M) d% k, ?. W8 RNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
{7 A, E4 |& I5 f+ I# p 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' O- N6 Z8 {# w1 d+ D
61. Boycott of social affairs
) i4 T( E5 s+ C; @+ w 62. Student strike) c% s) h. K# @$ ~
63. Social disobedience4 f; ~* w! B) W, c+ W3 j7 s8 z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 W# _. c8 C7 D6 ]& R. j% o/ L
" V. q7 `! C4 D" C, iWithdrawal from the Social System7 H& m, ^& \0 P% c
65. Stay-at-home$ @1 k r& q2 O
66. Total personal noncooperation! d" y% j# b: c* q( m/ m0 u, @
67. “Flight” of workers
. W& Q/ Y, \% Z( J 68. Sanctuary' y, B9 }) T) i' ]1 R: ?. c
69. Collective disappearance
, O. m$ U6 @; T, n 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ B% b6 _4 M a
9 b. Q1 L9 T1 m: e 5 h% g. U ]9 F0 }, m
$ z. N! O f6 Q/ s" E3 W
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* @6 R1 l4 F8 m- N. R3 J$ D) h3 a- K2 v/ e* s# `
8 S2 W, \8 k+ O/ D
Actions by Consumers" A' o& c: X0 q: [
71. Consumers’ boycott
! P" t+ E ^9 Y$ J, \ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 t! _6 ?8 U& ?1 x2 L! Z
73. Policy of austerity$ \6 q k1 @5 g5 |% g. E' V
74. Rent withholding, u2 A$ Q& {" {) |/ H0 y N
75. Refusal to rent( b1 G* M" y; h
76. National consumers’ boycott
; S! o( k; u, X5 }9 t 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 v" @5 y8 {* Z. g0 `6 w+ f7 R- E# E* {, k: C6 j
Action by Workers and Producers3 Z8 h, \) z ^; P
78. Workmen’s boycott
7 r p1 d/ |9 @3 q& C. o 79. Producers’ boycott
; y+ Z3 m( M, l" f6 Z8 l( F
9 W, p+ o8 E* ~: F/ b" y" e3 GAction by Middlemen
1 ?% Z8 K6 Y/ n/ g8 R% C1 E8 s, H 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 R8 c+ V& S1 T8 n
0 Y7 H8 S- T' ?: k. J; V
Action by Owners and Management4 \5 C" H- s2 f. e- ^: S0 @
81. Traders’ boycott
, w/ }) d" b$ N/ a 82. Refusal to let or sell property( R% N. H( \$ k6 E/ Z
83. Lockout
( s# g6 ?+ I6 i1 O: {2 j( e. l+ f" _ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 _, n' W1 a$ G$ x- E
85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 }5 U$ q: I0 {4 q z
6 ]4 E6 h' @9 { k
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; D! h; _ u1 O$ l 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: }( L/ p; f( @3 f 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 b# w# ^6 c7 n+ `3 ~2 H 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& R$ A' P; C$ f, ]8 @2 c 89. Severance of funds and credit
' E' m3 k, l1 i5 b# F* ^2 {& e' J 90. Revenue refusal
' u6 c- @. E" R 91. Refusal of a government’s money( G/ |- |8 G. k# O
7 `$ K/ x! c- p/ S& J# BAction by Governments
2 W8 I+ ^: A1 r3 Y3 v# r8 | 92. Domestic embargo( o ?: G9 s* U! u. _8 H2 K
93. Blacklisting of traders0 g" p4 A) L5 B1 M4 j+ X# U
94. International sellers’ embargo. N0 |) C3 g5 E" ^8 C) K2 f
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 o V6 d; }. g6 w) d& E2 x! g, s 96. International trade embargo
' A& q. N4 v `' E8 R& f( B {9 B1 i' g; e. ^# j
) o6 v# E& h0 U; V1 B
# t& ]; Y9 V! D3 I$ u* N, y. n6 G4 T
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: D4 e' ]: C' \6 D3 Y" X2 |0 c
* s# l& P0 {4 w
. Y7 R% d6 `" \% z' V; a9 f/ @% USymbolic Strikes. `/ M9 `% r4 t4 r5 C
97. Protest strike8 V4 Y( N7 R) a( @# N: [# M
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% @1 m# }' _. C; s, _
4 t! F/ O ]3 _7 Y6 M, C
Agricultural Strikes# P0 ^' z# y) v/ \
99. Peasant strike8 l t4 C* U$ I$ o* z6 K5 U6 e
100. Farm Workers’ strike" Y! f% I6 [( c5 o) p5 d
5 v) a+ ]0 H% q1 yStrikes by Special Groups
! @! D* q: N- z! s/ A4 @ 101. Refusal of impressed labor2 g( v) I* O+ ?/ u5 k
102. Prisoners’ strike, W1 F4 |( O2 C% Q
103. Craft strike
$ C0 {. h$ G( f+ Q/ |- \/ B 104. Professional strike
# h/ x1 r6 |9 ]9 @! m2 Q8 V& ^! G; ~
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' i% Z& Z, w0 |" D+ W" \ 105. Establishment strike
+ v7 `, y. g# {3 Y4 o) z# w' B 106. Industry strike) r+ Q% S7 _; z6 ]) _# H4 R5 y
107. Sympathetic strike" L9 y. k0 `( M; G* q c
6 e4 d, U3 \$ [ e$ W) K4 ^7 `Restricted Strikes
+ h c4 G; w* f) z" ~2 J 108. Detailed strike
7 C$ G. A5 l7 u. t5 @5 ]) D 109. Bumper strike8 g& a8 l9 Y+ ?1 L1 Z; {5 o
110. Slowdown strike/ s1 m& k" g3 X$ z( q
111. Working-to-rule strike
1 W( T4 x0 {5 ]" P( C' f 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ T d* { D# e1 N 113. Strike by resignation
2 x3 R7 _3 e: ^: B5 R! }/ g 114. Limited strike g* k/ i3 r1 n" V% |
115. Selective strike: D. ?& H3 b8 N* m, h
$ O* Z& f. w, A1 G: \. G
Multi-Industry Strikes% d) ]! w# u) L
8 N3 ]5 G0 b, y+ O) l* b
116. Generalized strike0 a) b6 ]( i" y+ N" G
$ i% q/ E: g, h% a 117. General strike" V" F; ~* q) B! E$ d1 a
% t) \- ?1 K" ~; J" x' MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ y- ~* u' n7 x: u. o
; ]0 S* q0 i" \( Q9 d6 ? 118. Hartal& A% F$ s* f1 m$ o1 }" l9 k4 \, D+ G; K
9 W' B9 \% s' ]! f 119. Economic shutdown( |( ~8 F0 Z) ~/ n+ }% {# T
6 K1 t6 J) M3 `* f& s& z
8 w1 ^9 \% [! F4 b7 R' W4 Z; n
! V0 I0 t: |' J- I8 y/ l5 ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ g! p' X1 e" \2 m) [. c X+ h
W; t. ?: }* W) O8 c+ b- `
/ i9 o& D2 ?$ D$ B4 G- ARejection of Authority. z# z, z! w E
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ t% h6 Y2 f* e& }& {# }
121. Refusal of public support7 o _/ [' r+ s: ~4 J2 J7 W( u6 u1 {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* p' F- o, T" h5 H: A9 l! f; T- n! }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 r* j, t+ s g! i' e! t 123. Boycott of legislative bodies) ]2 M" t) T- N5 U8 G* S! r
124. Boycott of elections
: t. P; W' V3 g4 K b 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ o+ h& a9 F7 X% T1 @! y. ~
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% J3 V0 g/ Q' G, [! R- i8 _+ Q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( i0 K o* Q9 D" i5 z0 M0 f4 D 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 m( O5 v' k, g1 ^6 }2 ?
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 O. V5 u' j8 ~$ b6 T0 u 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% f/ k- J5 L& b9 ` Z5 q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. e) |- h. z7 Z. A6 H) ~ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 z- R% r+ W( q7 k
; V& T5 d) m5 x! l9 RCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 Q# O) r: Y4 a! Y* {4 S) H) V
133. Reluctant and slow compliance- R% a3 r; V6 s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 g- O6 q* Y* Z! [ 135. Popular nonobedience# h+ F) i. d" H" I: O
136. Disguised disobedience
( O6 h: i/ D# ~& l5 M5 P 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& {8 B; `8 g3 j8 I9 c2 }5 Z 138. Sitdown& Z6 D4 e# c$ v$ z6 ?; f
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* h( i% H; M6 I" _$ x, L. @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# }* g0 P3 D1 j 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 e/ a. b2 J+ t& l* l6 r4 i" S6 C" @9 u1 Z& d n: t
Action by Government Personnel V! ]. n8 P# ~+ C K
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% j2 G9 g9 F4 \+ A8 y 143. Blocking of lines of command and information- g% w/ x* B2 r% \' v% c
144. Stalling and obstruction
- k/ Z9 {6 R0 q 145. General administrative noncooperation
, \3 T8 r; _" D( A% X; C# Q8 J6 G' N4 V6 ?" L2 @# _
146. Judicial noncooperation6 U" a4 a1 `: {' T B* a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 q7 s: ~ b8 C3 ~, @
148. Mutiny B, P. w8 j* K
Domestic Governmental Action7 Z1 Z7 d* J1 S- e
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
x6 X" t0 l9 Q 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 X$ w/ c. d2 |8 s9 K0 U
, A+ k( P9 g U/ sInternational Governmental Action
2 J0 O% a. k; f+ s& G7 m 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( o3 J, Q4 z) U& B2 a0 T; [ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: y4 ^4 a, R7 P1 l) L# G 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 e8 K, |2 L3 c; H# G- C
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 c4 G* c9 r, H, |8 h5 b 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 p% J/ S- ^0 [! m4 W4 h& s 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 i/ E8 V, y' o/ W Z; c$ I
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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3 Z7 x& W4 l9 y( N4 i( E+ c
! L; L# J. V4 B3 X8 K8 Y: F6 oTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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$ Z5 T' T8 g" R0 ]' F & p5 `: e% F# H) E( x' c
Psychological Intervention
( O' E0 o# j J 158. Self-exposure to the elements
& I; _7 M- \ |3 [( y 159. The fast/ H1 X% Q4 _1 o% D$ D8 S
a) Fast of moral pressure/ w2 Y$ q4 G0 a- E; ]+ _) O( I
b) Hunger strike8 d' c H- N& t& n
c) Satyagrahic fast: L: d3 A# U4 v4 `+ [; D( W, C
160. Reverse trial
( o. W4 t/ q# i 161. Nonviolent harassment8 E1 d) @. V0 P0 s+ K7 D" X5 |
4 p, P1 @3 K4 b2 K
Physical Intervention1 X; k$ c- D* J( t: N6 E1 }8 [
162. Sit-in
; \. T0 j& y6 ]" o0 Z) n 163. Stand-in( j1 R, n$ P) n/ k: A1 y
164. Ride-in
$ f( M5 X; B* K 165. Wade-in
+ n4 R& V9 {. _ 166. Mill-in
/ M- `; ]8 t# J. K 167. Pray-in
, |0 m1 ? S0 G 168. Nonviolent raids
8 @8 C$ f+ ^! X0 g* E 169. Nonviolent air raids
4 M& ?% W+ h9 U7 N 170. Nonviolent invasion
* m9 y$ P6 m0 w/ G 171. Nonviolent interjection/ Y7 B0 _* \. Y4 u
172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 F7 O/ F0 N# ^5 d I- l& v5 P. | 173. Nonviolent occupation
D" e: v* ^3 F: v
: h D0 B1 w" _$ S5 {# M/ QSocial Intervention) T( i3 E8 @% i
174. Establishing new social patterns: ^ N. U: e% w5 \- q
175. Overloading of facilities1 b" H, w; u/ P2 Z( C. T" N- n
176. Stall-in
* {' B V \" ~- a% |* c 177. Speak-in$ A0 E3 [7 y; x! e
178. Guerrilla theater
; @' s. C% U2 t) [8 v 179. Alternative social institutions/ C, o: t: o7 N3 z( X4 ?% A
180. Alternative communication system
9 e. k5 x4 M4 l. b0 c- e4 ^
/ U( M+ x+ V; O7 I& b2 oEconomic Intervention. z4 T. [# Q$ @- P4 [
181. Reverse strike; T) Q* s0 y5 o U6 _5 ] u
182. Stay-in strike
6 ~9 u' W G2 Y+ Y7 r4 u; t. c 183. Nonviolent land seizure
: C1 V$ N' B0 F 184. Defiance of blockades* g/ {: \9 G) A- Q% `* F
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 T6 P" \/ O1 m5 l+ l
186. Preclusive purchasing
: L) ?' f4 z O3 a* o$ @ 187. Seizure of assets; B1 A3 I6 \# n+ t7 k- ~
188. Dumping
; X: Y. g( V4 g2 G8 k 189. Selective patronage
" M! }2 x3 E& d* L, D 190. Alternative markets
+ y- U2 e, ~' H1 B1 y 191. Alternative transportation systems0 x' U3 u0 T/ O& b2 m
192. Alternative economic institutions
- u1 q9 F1 R! q; J* l" t9 j4 V9 t" h. I, `- H1 {
Political Intervention
$ ~/ c6 x" d# e- g- L3 R4 O' j 193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 W1 U( d$ z# P( e. C 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; Z( l* m' k D 195. Seeking imprisonment
7 L9 B+ E4 Y$ E2 z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( o$ G0 l4 j5 a7 j* |6 F4 r 197. Work-on without collaboration" x! X6 M6 ?: B+ Y% s; E
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
