 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ T* d8 r( }; H
Formal Statements" K5 ]" }1 X5 t: ]
1. Public Speeches
4 ?6 a; r; e/ {6 w 2. Letters of opposition or support
2 w$ ^8 k) ^6 h4 i 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 [% |8 R$ G- I5 y
4. Signed public statements3 o2 v1 w- }- ~+ U7 O- s
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! \# A; w, ] \$ L# }5 u' C: Q
6. Group or mass petitions
5 n0 p" x7 O `" z+ B1 L2 o% { w: q0 ~6 r
Communications with a Wider Audience$ M0 p! N- h( u% r* J$ B; {8 k; I
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' U& h( a4 U8 g) M3 Z' ?. ^8 u 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ _# s8 y/ Y" a% ~. h0 W 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 m2 c' C# u0 q4 ]
10. Newspapers and journals$ ?' M* O# g) j2 g* r0 o
11. Records, radio, and television
& r. s; h) K4 E% w& Q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* [; J, T+ O* W
3 Z1 z, E7 ?- k9 ]7 W( D; P
Group Representations6 q. q7 ^- L! G, A
13. Deputations" j! M5 I2 G* Q! y
14. Mock awards9 `. r6 I/ R. l ]
15. Group lobbying
2 g6 D# y. l# A1 W. n6 e 16. Picketing
# O& B! ?- L4 Y4 H 17. Mock elections; N& s6 B7 I8 q b3 ?" e& k
8 A9 f/ w. i& m' `9 x$ m" l9 h
Symbolic Public Acts
, f" s! i9 k% Z- ~1 K 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% _7 O+ }3 E% n+ \( A, e4 i: \8 ` ?+ ^ 19. Wearing of symbols$ Y" m. f: y5 Q8 e0 r1 h+ {* D4 h
20. Prayer and worship3 B; z6 t5 d# ^8 U
21. Delivering symbolic objects
% c' `3 Z1 ?- L* \$ J6 G7 F 22. Protest disrobings
1 J+ T6 H i; x3 y: l$ f4 F 23. Destruction of own property( R: v1 m; p# @/ y4 }
24. Symbolic lights
! k+ m$ b. F0 c& }, n. |# a 25. Displays of portraits
& c) z% j+ p, c1 [ 26. Paint as protest
1 e/ E# b2 U9 J2 J 27. New signs and names7 t) W/ k& {( T2 s1 i$ W' `
28. Symbolic sounds: h, q# ~. o; ^9 v6 Y% o
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 l \2 ^4 c; q+ p4 _' n 30. Rude gestures
3 i" U/ F. j* \/ \
7 N" g; W# E' r6 PPressures on Individuals( g. K5 C( c: F l
31. “Haunting” officials
, M! E B# K# T9 P 32. Taunting officials( f2 N) Y. A) {, N+ s) @
33. Fraternization+ i! s* d2 ^) O# G
34. Vigils# o1 F+ `3 G& } _: x2 z3 q
, b) Q) J1 N P( P, n# L: S: SDrama and Music- D9 [, g$ Y4 X# P o+ _
35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 Z) C6 C8 h0 @; b0 I 36. Performances of plays and music8 c/ P; R$ F: C; J
37. Singing
: \+ j4 v) e& ?% l5 S* p$ O+ j" x4 _! c5 O S+ \) {; e4 K8 d
Processions
1 u6 s, v" O) w M! k& v 38. Marches
8 B- t2 o/ V4 t# } 39. Parades
- m9 c* l5 ]' d 40. Religious processions b; z: @: P4 x, X+ i3 ^( _% }% R
41. Pilgrimages6 ^8 @: w; a& a2 u" i- c. O
42. Motorcades- ] d/ h; B" U
( A1 c5 x0 `1 q7 R* {Honoring the Dead
1 ^% f9 K& d/ ^0 p# D0 }8 w; i; u 43. Political mourning
0 m9 \' [7 j+ i# k& f 44. Mock funerals2 n& y3 g+ _. h/ k; d- v6 y: B/ l1 n
45. Demonstrative funerals
+ O+ g8 t* p5 j- U$ B% L/ n 46. Homage at burial places* k; q6 K& e9 A$ O
: s1 E$ s5 `) J5 T! E7 P; V& ]6 V YPublic Assemblies) @8 G) N; i, D5 F
47. Assemblies of protest or support
* v% y' b$ D- e8 e: } 48. Protest meetings
2 G6 @- @1 n7 c0 n 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" C3 q1 o! c' q, d" y6 p 50. Teach-ins ~* y1 R( w; F' O- W7 Z6 ^/ B, S2 O9 P
' Q' o+ ] j: i5 S9 d$ zWithdrawal and Renunciation7 v! n! K) ~: u1 Q/ U9 m7 c& a& J
51. Walk-outs
3 z6 ?9 Z* H/ R' f7 y3 N 52. Silence% r: f) O. l c& G K0 J! ]9 t8 g
53. Renouncing honors+ f7 X5 t3 s3 K+ x( c
54. Turning one’s back8 d6 w6 x* G6 c% T6 Z, ?
3 @/ g( F3 Y5 U( o0 _
! u) }7 R7 C) K$ t9 X: t2 w4 Y! J! q/ ?* d' H4 C3 \
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# E5 k2 e1 l6 _/ C# |* @
0 E- @3 k) K2 m- Y1 o6 C G; [2 V- W% S: I$ W. o
9 O; F, m* U9 @2 M# A1 _' S# }Ostracism of Persons
: d: m0 u0 V3 J 55. Social boycott% @7 M. S; W7 i: m: S$ o* i* P0 ~6 j
56. Selective social boycott% A W! F5 J2 y6 ~! {
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# I' x5 q# E/ g( R 58. Excommunication
5 S) L8 T8 H3 @; } 59. Interdict
7 ~, O+ I6 l/ K& u3 f
/ |; S- h; \! L% X2 ?( ONoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 _4 A5 e7 d: J$ H: X9 X7 w 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# q5 R% q" Y7 W- P4 y 61. Boycott of social affairs
/ U7 i& c& c4 m. p2 G- y$ o 62. Student strike
* ~4 @' U5 m( Y0 n* h 63. Social disobedience' w+ n( \9 T/ X |0 K4 ~ [, R
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
" S1 k5 j4 D: J A/ n! ?2 r% B% X- M/ A+ x) n8 ~6 [
Withdrawal from the Social System- F" b1 l; o8 B/ F+ r
65. Stay-at-home
/ T1 S2 q a; O! A( D 66. Total personal noncooperation
$ C3 z# F: D! b 67. “Flight” of workers; S/ v- j1 y2 j1 |8 z
68. Sanctuary
! I1 t* g& S+ q) t3 Q. n' b r 69. Collective disappearance
0 m+ @- E6 A8 b3 `1 P0 H: C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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# m2 R5 s2 N8 i* x2 s4 h1 T
9 t6 x; b6 U8 u, sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( d7 Z1 c6 \) F0 e6 O& B9 R
8 n- b2 E8 P. }
% r; F3 h$ G. |. C& P9 D7 c% _
Actions by Consumers9 ^: Z% M! j2 H" c, Y7 W) c
71. Consumers’ boycott
# k* N& G0 Z$ H 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: P/ y- J& ]. f9 x( B& D
73. Policy of austerity3 \- K$ p) n* J$ F9 U
74. Rent withholding
/ s" N" _* d/ N- f1 |" I 75. Refusal to rent
4 o" \5 _, [; ]0 P7 V 76. National consumers’ boycott
( w/ b5 \' c' w l 77. International consumers’ boycott" I6 J0 |, _. E) d1 {, Q) t2 H
- N1 I$ r$ ^! JAction by Workers and Producers; I) ]# i* O$ c2 P% G
78. Workmen’s boycott
7 {7 l {% c% \$ J& X- O 79. Producers’ boycott: C! B' m9 g6 K6 r
2 e8 a' W2 ^/ _Action by Middlemen
1 X( l+ o' p) B$ `. k4 X( L 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! N; s) K, Z9 e% r/ b$ z
; v) d$ E% C, ~! c6 I8 RAction by Owners and Management
4 n% z0 q* T% ^5 _' | 81. Traders’ boycott
+ |9 b; o4 `. U' G1 c. A/ b 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 T- n" r+ _6 V+ e. V3 ]
83. Lockout
. E- h8 W; u, l4 J; L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' t. k- K" [/ M+ h, {# }# ~ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 }$ l1 R4 ]* C* w
5 Q' {' r% b c+ F9 j. t( TAction by Holders of Financial Resources
7 t7 }# Z) E$ {9 \ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ I! O. v6 w3 ]8 ~; u1 {# [
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
{6 s5 E& L. t" X* i5 ] 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 r# i/ ] Q# E 89. Severance of funds and credit
: H: r8 Y8 I5 c: F9 u0 \1 ~ 90. Revenue refusal' A9 f$ K9 e0 `
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 Y2 d# C, C4 q+ v2 `# F1 B# |4 |5 \4 F: a7 a
Action by Governments5 O5 U. a+ V w) A. K
92. Domestic embargo& `+ L% W, [1 o& V, l& o
93. Blacklisting of traders
% ]/ C- p. f) c0 i7 j6 `4 E& L 94. International sellers’ embargo
5 Y8 f( H$ a% F 95. International buyers’ embargo* s1 M9 e. h/ m% E8 U! G: W
96. International trade embargo3 n; B' @1 Z4 a( T
) e5 D8 r. f1 J, E, b- X
5 B$ g# I L: Y( [ u
- S) S6 |8 r( U/ e6 uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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+ C: c2 { F7 ]
+ U. g, H$ ?. Y+ R K1 ^# ASymbolic Strikes% k- M: T/ k" ] c# A
97. Protest strike
4 s" \# A! G) \) J 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* b. {/ o" \4 C
, H: y( r) f+ e
Agricultural Strikes
: R# I- B( ~5 K D2 Z. } 99. Peasant strike
6 H+ k {2 k. y# | 100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 r H# X u! f, u
6 y* T7 q# v( _# fStrikes by Special Groups* j8 P+ {, \1 ^8 A
101. Refusal of impressed labor) G( X/ E+ ~ E
102. Prisoners’ strike
z2 J9 c, O+ ]2 b+ T! p 103. Craft strike
# Q/ J, n/ `: q 104. Professional strike! T* ^$ s; ?% g
0 M" l: ~0 G; s3 @6 COrdinary Industrial Strikes: u9 l8 U, C: U" ?" M
105. Establishment strike
' J0 A0 B* W, M/ p 106. Industry strike
2 w( K9 Y4 m- }& A7 ? 107. Sympathetic strike7 B0 }/ U" I: o8 K5 y
; T# a k$ E$ ~ O# i" l
Restricted Strikes
' [, r; F( e7 y# w1 A U 108. Detailed strike
1 n# T8 n( y. J3 n7 v9 v3 r 109. Bumper strike" {) w2 D' C' N; x# P! l8 v
110. Slowdown strike* _9 Q1 h" Z# _0 K9 G3 p
111. Working-to-rule strike
; Y k9 @( v" @6 C! O; J! D 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
! ^1 r8 c5 P/ K, |2 l: w4 ~ 113. Strike by resignation
) i/ ] Y" `% P3 X5 S! \ 114. Limited strike
, [ H9 Z3 C4 k5 U 115. Selective strike
9 r: Q: ^. g8 g7 `
+ z3 ]# r3 N4 U5 a& A, }, X- D* q; eMulti-Industry Strikes$ e' n9 \6 m6 e/ S0 Y; p0 d
$ i" b+ o( p& v3 h 116. Generalized strike
' ]3 G' Q" x) s' G& Z# D5 Y' x. e0 L% S2 k2 G# J2 g/ H k
117. General strike
p( Y" m8 B# S e+ }0 U* j+ V9 Z" r2 m/ h9 x4 [- \
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 I) z# v& H9 R& v9 Z1 x" g, t
6 N" @( w# ^' r 118. Hartal5 ^7 Y0 w" \2 f# R; W
; a6 n& n7 u6 ^ 119. Economic shutdown- X6 h8 g9 n3 u4 A& B1 U
9 L5 ], d8 d$ J2 Y0 [" Z/ S* j
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' N: e% W# P' m# c: | W. h! u) TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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: Y6 R3 |7 \+ Y8 w9 g' qRejection of Authority
5 _5 B6 p+ J. |, _ Q& j 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. i- _4 o) b7 ?& i) C 121. Refusal of public support+ R" t2 z3 s% n. a! G. C, K" m
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ r8 K! B6 M+ W& ]# r" }
' V: C& m' g+ |" i$ E. E% ^
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ P$ j: a4 {2 O( _
123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 C* c+ p% Y+ V8 r
124. Boycott of elections
, D7 {0 F7 z- u 125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 e7 r5 e0 H a# V+ e
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 E8 Q6 T7 d) U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 S+ s$ N2 e2 U1 @& v& c# u
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& B/ F3 D* @9 G. ]
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# d. b1 g7 J6 T# X
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 l @: E9 C# K4 t. |
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 c, m9 A b' M: ]
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 |, j0 J8 [6 x1 l
/ P5 |, |% @, e5 w1 F# h0 F% i1 n" B
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 b/ _& F1 r# x8 ^4 _
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 I; P; |% x3 o) M" @ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 F6 O$ g+ B! m6 J
135. Popular nonobedience0 p+ a/ s _0 a
136. Disguised disobedience
! s; o# Y0 O6 F5 n$ \2 x! r: K& D 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 n) \& ^! J% X$ x& V- F+ A
138. Sitdown
$ f! \/ c# T1 L0 _; |( c 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ v" x) a$ _9 W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" p" b5 r3 K2 A, W9 ~ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 R# D$ M* d# J9 I) e! W6 D
; W; E3 n- m e+ w; J7 i( UAction by Government Personnel
- d4 B' T1 c- e6 J9 c: J 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 @7 Q& Q% O3 r& M/ T3 o
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! A! I( a" Z# }! a& I! M 144. Stalling and obstruction5 E; m+ f; z% m ]7 ~
145. General administrative noncooperation9 ^7 V6 P" Z. k9 Q0 b
8 J, a, T/ R/ L" [) u 146. Judicial noncooperation
) a8 C& e, V$ Q% P. a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 s3 l V( E1 w, h; W9 R3 }9 v
148. Mutiny8 i1 |) j+ z+ g0 j: `
Domestic Governmental Action: L$ h) Q8 u- C8 j2 O( z4 x3 i: C& [; T" Z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 q# T5 g! v6 Z& O: ^7 l; i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 z: k& J* J# o/ f! q. N' k' Q( D; m. a0 ?3 P; e* q
International Governmental Action
w! }+ v; e6 ~4 N1 O* W/ f7 x- q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( y) z' I, E- s* f$ h. ]& n
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 A' M( Y7 ~# l# l: f
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 t% ]. ]( e/ s. G* o( u 154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 [3 c8 w4 F9 S2 f
155. Withdrawal from international organizations- Y2 S6 l$ Q/ E( {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) d2 O7 T9 f8 I+ g& w
157. Expulsion from international organizations, f% Q; |0 t5 V3 _ t9 r5 k( R# j
# ]. i0 g8 J( u4 d2 B7 u& y: ~' J
+ j, ^! ^8 [. ^, M" I
$ |8 Q$ ^, I! O2 b8 X4 VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! M8 w2 |! f6 ^* Q, t8 V
. Q- w- y, K) l# Y$ }8 S; `9 N
; u" t2 T6 `: r; R, G4 l6 H) IPsychological Intervention6 S) o3 }. N; ]4 u. Q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' e; h' ~( X2 W; @ 159. The fast8 }8 m1 P) J, N8 W }2 h
a) Fast of moral pressure
' L! h$ i) k* E3 r' w2 h b) Hunger strike
% ^/ l7 H, U( R# t1 v( ]$ Y1 B c) Satyagrahic fast
- ^2 g1 A! t( x& F' l" y3 v N 160. Reverse trial4 l# U) o% z+ i! k/ [/ J( Q: Y p
161. Nonviolent harassment/ g! S. a9 P5 m: I
9 y$ g8 ^- r( P cPhysical Intervention
- {9 I' J9 \& k: {0 I6 ~( Q, d. h3 y; G/ v 162. Sit-in
0 o- u G' a. h( q! p 163. Stand-in
, N. k* y9 G: s @2 `% L' g 164. Ride-in
3 f7 _; a# }0 T7 v5 ?8 B 165. Wade-in
9 r" e0 M0 D+ m 166. Mill-in
4 Y A* @4 E1 S; ? 167. Pray-in, C$ @" S% E# o6 i9 O
168. Nonviolent raids
- ^! w+ u# ]4 B$ r+ n 169. Nonviolent air raids! N' j' |" {4 W
170. Nonviolent invasion8 `. J2 i7 n5 n' Y
171. Nonviolent interjection+ V. ~. F# C; l! T! x( J
172. Nonviolent obstruction- ~8 z1 I* r7 t- Y0 q" Z
173. Nonviolent occupation4 U' ~5 ~: L, Q# x- \! i6 Q5 l, A: g
$ ^7 J( E- S4 b, T. E+ F
Social Intervention6 C$ y& i$ v3 `, y
174. Establishing new social patterns
$ A+ |1 w9 q- Y: X- B 175. Overloading of facilities' C4 u1 U# A& z0 l) t+ L- U4 F0 ?
176. Stall-in( x. N% w- n* k* A. Z# R
177. Speak-in& C" a( w `$ A# B
178. Guerrilla theater* b( i; C6 D' r
179. Alternative social institutions
9 _$ d. d/ d; a 180. Alternative communication system' C! K) b0 D7 h
1 m* A# r7 i+ s/ v1 O0 N6 a: y6 I1 kEconomic Intervention" [/ y* j1 ?. _7 f1 n
181. Reverse strike1 u+ i {' g7 L4 x8 d1 G2 X
182. Stay-in strike N! H" Q7 U9 N0 r/ v9 F2 q x
183. Nonviolent land seizure
, _3 F$ W G$ I- [; l- k' I 184. Defiance of blockades5 D: A! Q* B6 T
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" F4 u8 d, `3 U 186. Preclusive purchasing" j0 [" v2 W: V: k
187. Seizure of assets
* Z/ A) x; {% x6 b* U' C* ^7 k 188. Dumping
9 Y. ~- k- B. B7 ]$ Y2 t6 i$ P 189. Selective patronage
) F4 a. l$ [' N7 d0 H/ S; m# e 190. Alternative markets: s7 Z/ [0 @! x2 a
191. Alternative transportation systems
; E4 ]* y# @9 p! b+ q1 I 192. Alternative economic institutions3 L# b5 l' _' `4 p! \; I
- `9 P) K6 [1 @# C; _* ]% }5 x0 T
Political Intervention; G& F) g4 Y( O
193. Overloading of administrative systems1 {( ^- B, R) C1 H8 _
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' Q/ |, j. N! h 195. Seeking imprisonment
1 o! @* G) W9 D$ O3 X8 ^) c 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 d# ?1 C0 H( n5 T 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 }1 v# q# m, ?$ L: ? 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# D- j& Q1 K% u6 U. Z) K
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
