 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION% q! C3 B* d' C, \ z' f
Formal Statements
$ ~9 z, x! j# B. @* t' c 1. Public Speeches! b8 [/ A& [1 @8 H- J
2. Letters of opposition or support2 P. L% S/ v, J1 ]! }6 C; x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions J# O' T- R: T1 A9 x" D4 ]
4. Signed public statements
8 r% B9 X; B, q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention# |+ r) q: }% i! s# Z% J
6. Group or mass petitions& s7 {1 O/ X9 v# P$ i- `
) S/ K o/ W6 I
Communications with a Wider Audience( @& J/ j! b- z4 S( s# e; a
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 G' _+ u0 a6 _
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% G! P; p# g+ p( y* z4 G
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 c4 @. U% r1 o* y 10. Newspapers and journals/ c/ @* U& d% V! Q( Y: C. D
11. Records, radio, and television
+ \- @$ X$ s0 U+ L; g( I3 Q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ D7 f6 R* L! q# R# H) o) C' g% {6 y. ^ N% {3 e* N* `8 {* d
Group Representations1 q- v8 G8 g+ z2 |" [
13. Deputations
0 b, `! i: {; I3 |) Y 14. Mock awards0 Z3 m8 ]- ?+ j, g' P
15. Group lobbying
* \/ a% s2 N# Q3 B 16. Picketing! j6 K3 j5 z- V3 O
17. Mock elections
4 {3 a8 p* B3 U( R7 Q! w' W: j" `
6 n, o3 L" @4 V5 HSymbolic Public Acts
P) @% i$ A. U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( ?8 d; i7 I& j) K& m) Y, e, D
19. Wearing of symbols
/ w* a2 l$ b6 S/ X; t 20. Prayer and worship
4 A; q/ \% l! g" E! w- E 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 r3 D" x& _2 K* O) Y* N
22. Protest disrobings
X; _# U9 S P1 u* F/ E/ A( t 23. Destruction of own property
6 U: x% h! \. Q2 q 24. Symbolic lights
2 f* X9 B& b/ i+ E+ K- S4 G 25. Displays of portraits
* ^" N( C2 K5 J: e 26. Paint as protest
" y, o D) k1 _+ P# \ 27. New signs and names
0 e, K; Y8 g" s/ c7 W 28. Symbolic sounds) Y# |9 L. I/ l' C! L2 `5 G
29. Symbolic reclamations) G( m8 N: l$ g- a2 G' N
30. Rude gestures0 }- H( h% [$ x6 {/ ^- i
( ~8 j- A5 \" U, p7 G( vPressures on Individuals
/ l7 V# |/ }, C# m; L1 k( ~ m! N. p3 l 31. “Haunting” officials
# Y1 O6 l B- X' C% K: N& `- r& { 32. Taunting officials# S% _3 G; F' ]- r/ O
33. Fraternization
" f: D, U' _* d+ g0 Y; W 34. Vigils/ ]5 I( E. J; r1 b- V
: l" x2 U/ p8 i2 GDrama and Music. q$ U* w9 {& K5 n3 C5 |- _' b
35. Humorous skits and pranks( L) l3 n/ ?' Y+ c" ^/ e) d
36. Performances of plays and music
9 N6 B, A5 ~! X& x) ^ 37. Singing
6 P5 W) _) {( m/ x/ F8 @$ f( R# `4 j9 ]$ |
Processions
1 C5 `0 A3 f8 H 38. Marches
* a( N, V* a+ q6 p, u 39. Parades
: o$ l$ f* s6 t/ d9 [4 w' t 40. Religious processions% x, `5 ^* o; Z! O' M! p
41. Pilgrimages" z; G: d) i. n5 B: v
42. Motorcades' K4 G# O; Z8 Y7 h3 s* |" d/ J' _
) K. c- d) R) H) x7 ZHonoring the Dead
- [' r; Z4 K7 [1 t! W/ ? 43. Political mourning* n4 P( z$ y8 d, A8 c( q. t# e
44. Mock funerals
* h5 Z) A m9 ]& N+ k- z. I9 C$ z 45. Demonstrative funerals9 f+ i% N9 H2 Z* X" K- N
46. Homage at burial places
1 M P0 v" Z5 D* f0 [) [& P8 A q1 `4 d( X7 Y* w
Public Assemblies
: n. j: G1 h2 g) `4 d Q o 47. Assemblies of protest or support
# F0 z) O' u; E5 R) t 48. Protest meetings2 D* f9 E1 o. D0 u7 E( @- E
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, b# s0 U' d; @$ d5 p' F" V0 D 50. Teach-ins
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$ k6 D3 V5 t( N& \+ EWithdrawal and Renunciation- O5 Z: B2 Q4 F( O4 ?& T. N
51. Walk-outs
; L! I# S2 ^ A3 h" _ 52. Silence
8 R3 c9 M$ x5 [0 L2 y: K 53. Renouncing honors" P" \% i/ s4 L, _% y
54. Turning one’s back) q* k {+ O8 ]* \
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# X% q- R H& `# o5 t1 ~& I! ^6 q9 r6 x( r- v# f* Y! ~7 S6 p1 n
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 b0 a9 X. D5 s. }. G1 F& _
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Ostracism of Persons
6 g x- M2 L# h+ x/ X- f; F 55. Social boycott
. \" y! o8 @0 G8 X) ]- ^+ [ 56. Selective social boycott
8 V# u' j6 m+ m( C 57. Lysistratic nonaction. s ?% u: O9 e+ k5 ~" q
58. Excommunication+ }0 j1 t! x* b0 s
59. Interdict$ ]& g& [9 g6 O8 X
* ?0 @4 e0 b7 n: k& |Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! p# Y ~5 [" S; `) y6 U4 o8 T 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) ^- O0 O4 _. |$ V 61. Boycott of social affairs
' [+ j, s1 C4 k& Y( E% e 62. Student strike
# l" \: Y9 Y2 J+ _* H: k6 E$ c( { 63. Social disobedience
( E% @0 x0 c/ K* R. i4 ` 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) _+ ]* n1 q; d( r* d* f2 P: \" |2 v2 a2 t# {' T
Withdrawal from the Social System4 n& o& Z1 ], |" b i5 \6 M
65. Stay-at-home
* S7 r$ U9 e* F, w 66. Total personal noncooperation2 x Y: `4 y+ _: o$ O* }
67. “Flight” of workers) L( R, |* w0 L# B$ U
68. Sanctuary
, g& o7 g6 E" Q8 C! @" {9 f6 j7 ` 69. Collective disappearance
$ r2 W! J# e X; `, x 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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; x* n" K: r: }; ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 y& D: a! N0 i0 Q0 C
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5 v( O$ _/ d3 \4 qActions by Consumers
" [) f+ `# ^7 z( m4 z: @ 71. Consumers’ boycott1 A! c: m1 U. \6 b- a* |; }
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& P6 p/ h" v; ` 73. Policy of austerity
4 F1 ?% p! S2 [2 C$ m* M 74. Rent withholding4 A e0 f) R, F8 W
75. Refusal to rent5 B( d' R4 G9 A/ U7 T- f
76. National consumers’ boycott- w+ F8 J: \: ^* J9 [6 z% }* r6 O
77. International consumers’ boycott$ S) ^' t5 J8 \
- x" U4 E) a4 w4 p% n/ I; T2 hAction by Workers and Producers
6 c* F8 e" i0 i2 p 78. Workmen’s boycott, Q" ^* ] D$ J8 R. U4 p- x+ `: w
79. Producers’ boycott" G- k: ?. k. l- Q. ^
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Action by Middlemen! X5 `0 ]. i2 u
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: P" J* w' h( i# v7 C* g( Y1 j, [& B8 C- m7 `- p$ ~6 H
Action by Owners and Management
) v f/ ~4 H! A U+ @( J0 H/ P 81. Traders’ boycott
5 N! @& P/ F4 p- P6 T# Z1 P 82. Refusal to let or sell property
; Y. L6 X* {) @3 o 83. Lockout+ o- b- c1 m" j) o
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
% X# n) I7 H; F0 r" I5 d 85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 v+ Z3 w. J- T+ H* c! p- q
5 M+ m) A5 M6 R8 t- Y3 q8 |, R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 O3 M* `+ f n l
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; j, X, v1 G- o& m* U
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! b0 s) ~# I) E2 F- P3 i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest A4 \* A! l" _: \2 p" E
89. Severance of funds and credit
0 l: E. Q( d6 e! Z 90. Revenue refusal
7 s ]! W% T) u. U( O 91. Refusal of a government’s money
( q ?/ S8 @+ S! F3 P4 z5 w4 }+ x; q7 C
Action by Governments
, J4 g1 e$ x6 c/ G: c/ ] 92. Domestic embargo8 ^# [( r# O) o% R% L0 @5 Z M7 ]
93. Blacklisting of traders
: }. C* l8 Q# `6 ~+ L" u 94. International sellers’ embargo/ @* O$ M: w! I0 [
95. International buyers’ embargo' ]. C" z+ a* w) v5 s* D. @
96. International trade embargo
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9 X/ m9 G& J. u) |: k4 s8 ` `5 Y+ i; o+ g6 e
2 w7 R) P7 O$ RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 V- k0 E; g T8 a, }7 i
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Symbolic Strikes$ f( B) S; ~: F& P! C4 w; z
97. Protest strike
, P- C, N, X) q1 b! a8 c 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). W1 a$ V) H3 l |: H7 X
6 z9 O7 b @' @( ?: F
Agricultural Strikes+ t" `$ W5 e: |3 d! w3 `5 o
99. Peasant strike
~/ c9 V I5 V) n 100. Farm Workers’ strike2 t9 r: a* @7 b4 z" ~
, _1 d+ [+ c( ^Strikes by Special Groups
" f# Z$ K3 y: Q+ b; @! Q 101. Refusal of impressed labor, m# t9 g, T, F4 S8 k. U" Z
102. Prisoners’ strike2 ~' }& P& l1 G3 }. m
103. Craft strike
, b" o( _' B A0 F4 M8 D! G3 b 104. Professional strike, ]# u) a7 {: w' S( z( c9 P& }
' X6 a Y* y& \( `2 g l: `8 w* UOrdinary Industrial Strikes
9 |0 k& I# P% `" M( ?, v 105. Establishment strike
w& ]9 a, g. v5 o0 i 106. Industry strike
( ]& M- a6 {+ Q* v3 S6 c! n1 t 107. Sympathetic strike
g3 ]% h- K! w1 o$ z m5 n
: t% j! w8 w9 O- I7 \Restricted Strikes% j1 P$ Y, |6 G+ U
108. Detailed strike% t6 h. ]/ y( F3 `8 z0 U; m" x. o
109. Bumper strike
) S' W7 M( D3 X3 N6 w 110. Slowdown strike
, i# P+ r- o) G# }1 v9 h 111. Working-to-rule strike6 {! B+ c$ ~1 B- q2 R6 }
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# f, O) q" Q. {* [/ w
113. Strike by resignation
, [# y/ X6 D. K. R ? 114. Limited strike
" {: N5 ]9 Q) l# F. K 115. Selective strike \+ o: h% M+ W5 | Z
0 F8 @) y1 x+ ?0 S' F7 ?
Multi-Industry Strikes- ?' g8 f) T/ a# v. m- ]* [6 s6 q
7 A0 |0 j( K; _: }; d+ r 116. Generalized strike' T$ {* C. ~; l, b; ~1 d9 W
0 H9 ~2 b- Y _7 ~% } X
117. General strike. ?! P9 S8 q2 ]7 x
, {2 a0 M) P* ]& r o) j/ x7 G5 y3 K
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures, m; Z8 {/ W, j
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118. Hartal
/ k/ K. j2 n! x7 f( k) L$ h5 C H* H2 {4 D/ y
119. Economic shutdown0 d4 v/ u: m6 W: J
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+ E( v, J8 v3 _9 G6 j3 @+ f7 W5 o; A& i
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# z; Q) b5 h2 W
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1 O: \- y3 R. \Rejection of Authority
, v) }5 Y! R3 n6 @ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: n9 ~2 I2 L$ P4 a 121. Refusal of public support
& \5 J4 W7 s5 i$ f3 O1 a 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 Q, B/ t- \! B- Q. Z
7 J* D. h: M' H8 y8 Y+ hCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. |) {* H& p; G D! \! o" j 123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 F& H' I( n# i) d1 b
124. Boycott of elections, e6 Z! D3 f- n9 n$ E J
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- z. C, s* r% D% ]+ g; ^ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 S' d0 ] A/ R; d+ H" d4 T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" W; e9 r- s' j- c l& g& | ?5 o 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ M, @ H! d% b' j5 l 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 p9 `' F, m, k7 `( C0 U8 w
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% E5 V6 j) t4 _5 H7 B
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 w: d; p# S* {7 l# a# J
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ k% \( o; G" t' W- i7 [0 q* Z/ P
9 ?* k) L: ~! E- E% t, [0 ]Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# X$ ?& v# l$ W3 O, c2 f, e7 } 133. Reluctant and slow compliance: H. ^ ~! r' ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# H( D- S" }" R! S
135. Popular nonobedience k7 k7 R! ]: ]/ |2 r2 c; R
136. Disguised disobedience G# T; T V8 L2 }9 t. {0 \: }; p
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 r' F0 n8 O: m% d* G! U C 138. Sitdown
5 N) {' c0 U6 Z- V0 M 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% m" s* |$ H: i. [1 j3 y 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! r1 S2 o, w) d 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, H: s, i# I% g- r' a& d
. f* D$ \: m7 R4 ^1 l# i1 A6 x0 p0 U
Action by Government Personnel
: D0 c) x0 ?, N, b 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 A& o% \2 r/ G# F [+ D/ l! C 143. Blocking of lines of command and information M! |) E' A& O" q' x# e9 ^) @
144. Stalling and obstruction- O! E! e: @ `
145. General administrative noncooperation9 _8 r/ r1 v) Z: x5 g
; S) h/ a+ S) g. u- ]
146. Judicial noncooperation" |; O: V$ W4 G+ Q+ y' R1 ?
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 S" |% `7 i1 y- S; c8 q' Q 148. Mutiny3 w+ v2 N% |2 `$ K2 ~/ `
Domestic Governmental Action
% s+ T, v* Y8 C8 B 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' V& W9 `7 z9 z' ^9 P+ n 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) w# S" l% D2 |" F4 B
# L! h( M0 K' d5 O9 F
International Governmental Action9 i, o) L# }5 G2 b5 C9 ?
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" w a6 o6 q) b$ `0 L" z/ i 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ u9 R1 t+ C! D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; l' B$ ^0 p' Z4 m# P5 } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 r, V* K) W% i% S t
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& `' i7 _5 V6 X1 H 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ h: v( @( \, L& Q1 E( a1 O 157. Expulsion from international organizations
. |; c$ y. g" l, G8 w4 k; N- d j0 j+ Z) m5 A) X$ v* z
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
$ u& j& f- b5 X3 _4 P$ ^9 C 158. Self-exposure to the elements" i1 M: c/ G0 ^, s
159. The fast! l) v% v6 J) s
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 h' |) z3 }4 c2 @3 } b) Hunger strike3 _8 D9 \ M" G8 N& Z! {$ t
c) Satyagrahic fast; B5 B. k. X$ C7 K
160. Reverse trial4 @8 ~/ d7 b9 H3 w8 p' U Z7 J
161. Nonviolent harassment/ B3 `6 ^9 W v9 G' x
$ e1 Y6 [$ ^6 \Physical Intervention
, V1 }2 E7 o- T 162. Sit-in
) ~. [% r8 Y+ G 163. Stand-in# B; m1 d! x8 v$ k6 b
164. Ride-in
+ y7 B* j5 K2 F# S- o/ y 165. Wade-in+ R' V0 H" A% u, ~& I
166. Mill-in4 n: l: n( r' k0 |! {2 ~% s) A% _" Z
167. Pray-in
2 z% t2 A7 z- T 168. Nonviolent raids
8 C+ m* I- r4 u 169. Nonviolent air raids3 S3 }6 J' _0 K1 w0 [
170. Nonviolent invasion; }7 {" ~, u2 u7 J
171. Nonviolent interjection2 F' Z( j6 x" q6 d
172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 V7 \! |& e6 d, j' J M2 ^ 173. Nonviolent occupation% p6 E2 w9 }& D: Q
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Social Intervention+ O' U' j8 k1 m9 w* X" A* i, Q( D4 W
174. Establishing new social patterns' H$ Z0 P+ l2 m+ T! }( }
175. Overloading of facilities
3 s6 `. P$ d. e! {4 N2 d/ [ 176. Stall-in
) X# F( x1 B. @ H8 h 177. Speak-in) F5 f: s2 Q7 N; z% B' ]9 W, I: E7 V- P
178. Guerrilla theater
0 h8 j3 X+ A- F# `' }6 v 179. Alternative social institutions
) a, ?+ F/ F6 J! _( ~5 v2 z 180. Alternative communication system
6 Q6 ?- C) ~" a- h+ ~2 W
( s5 `1 g: V, S/ mEconomic Intervention1 C7 e! C- T6 Q% O$ u0 [- F
181. Reverse strike
9 a" m) F' o9 K! c) x7 A 182. Stay-in strike; p4 O; s+ ^' d# c$ P9 `/ z
183. Nonviolent land seizure
: M0 w: M* G8 U5 c6 N U7 i 184. Defiance of blockades
* E" w' j1 ~+ ?6 h" b: [2 ~ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; y0 |6 h: I4 c0 u) s3 {1 `$ O 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 S$ D% C4 v% e# u: I$ X. @5 w 187. Seizure of assets( W5 [0 f7 Z9 Z$ q) |9 E+ M
188. Dumping0 X \, {4 V+ ]* \1 O
189. Selective patronage
m6 [6 v# A' A5 X) u0 E( I5 } 190. Alternative markets4 C; G8 U2 C$ e% E4 f
191. Alternative transportation systems7 n# y+ o4 X7 {! x/ B. `
192. Alternative economic institutions x s6 N! q+ ?0 [( p
/ U3 ^* r/ ?4 u+ F) T! hPolitical Intervention
/ r" J( q5 A+ b; F% f M 193. Overloading of administrative systems& @' |9 b9 p i' J; Q" j
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ U& @4 F8 w4 I
195. Seeking imprisonment
7 |* E3 Z& W: |1 m( K 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% ]" D) i! E- G) \5 b: O 197. Work-on without collaboration& A7 Y0 W, @/ I
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
