 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) V! W5 J9 W5 ~) V. `# cFormal Statements
! l2 w4 q7 i7 x6 o1 ` 1. Public Speeches
2 m2 ~- ^9 X& a* k 2. Letters of opposition or support
U* z2 o# Y* V; M& p3 I+ X5 C. Y+ k 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) P) q6 \, M( i" l
4. Signed public statements
0 e3 j9 ]2 Q. h$ d; J7 q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 M* ]9 R1 c. ?# `( W 6. Group or mass petitions: F+ ^. @7 v/ P0 q, d- Y
1 E' B) b* i: ?% G# mCommunications with a Wider Audience
" l6 ^" K) x0 k% w; Y2 ~ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 @: q* G: l- ^3 R- {1 ?- R 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ o2 H5 C; e/ M2 e% I( v: Z& g, r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 p M5 V+ @) ~- G' q* U% P
10. Newspapers and journals
- ]# X" @2 _" W; L: Q 11. Records, radio, and television
2 h. i8 U" h$ Z! Q+ C9 K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting% K$ B4 x- Z2 K. @
1 m9 S2 X8 ~3 {" r& F
Group Representations
- h9 }. _7 p4 t' X( E; u 13. Deputations
/ s" y+ _- R& ~( y/ z 14. Mock awards
+ k& e( s% Z: F+ v! H 15. Group lobbying
5 H6 U% C z0 n, g1 ] 16. Picketing: N: @ o3 R7 \, I: O9 h
17. Mock elections# K2 @; [0 g- F1 j1 c b
( v. T" V |1 R5 mSymbolic Public Acts; g+ O c& X/ z2 ~+ [
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( }8 }+ Y% h% E" l
19. Wearing of symbols9 x5 \' i+ }+ F% I
20. Prayer and worship X; n6 H' ]: T0 e) x C% ?+ N+ x
21. Delivering symbolic objects& W. P: q( `' P0 _
22. Protest disrobings
+ i8 H9 i5 Z% m; Z 23. Destruction of own property8 n" M% @* w- T( S
24. Symbolic lights
0 k, Q; W5 |: q% Q) {2 Z 25. Displays of portraits
9 e; h" O" C6 N8 s+ b 26. Paint as protest
7 z I8 A6 _! S% C0 R) @# g5 h 27. New signs and names
' L3 ]- { _! o M+ M# g. h 28. Symbolic sounds
, B& N: m# R, L J2 H 29. Symbolic reclamations& d6 I9 N) I8 P& s+ q. U( ^# v* m
30. Rude gestures/ @ m- L. ?, L& `( ]
* h* b" r5 D! [' q; I3 j8 u8 j
Pressures on Individuals7 P! ]: I0 a! F
31. “Haunting” officials
4 M: v& ~" \& l9 u 32. Taunting officials5 `* I4 D- o# p- U( t s, p
33. Fraternization( g# w6 k; \6 i7 Z
34. Vigils, Z _2 t# N! O+ I5 q# n7 c: K
$ l5 L$ N% f" ?" ^0 j( p& }
Drama and Music2 e8 l' n) d1 k& [7 }5 g% v
35. Humorous skits and pranks
% N/ a! p } A% v3 B+ L& q1 z 36. Performances of plays and music
" M d, V* @% a; w) Z4 I 37. Singing9 O; [& c0 e4 F4 P% Q
" n0 N" |) i1 @$ O. _Processions# T5 U$ H% {2 ]0 N) e; b3 ~
38. Marches7 E3 D' v; W) T P
39. Parades
2 v+ j! L- ?1 N, Y4 y9 D3 [ 40. Religious processions
( Q' }% K! C" M1 ?' F; ]4 u7 k/ k 41. Pilgrimages: D- @: }- s: w6 g
42. Motorcades
5 r6 B0 d. h2 ^/ Y6 P# A& N, T* ~9 w; A* g6 n( l: _
Honoring the Dead
* H) K3 m2 c9 Z3 v$ Q$ |" n 43. Political mourning% P. I: f% ^- e. q* I
44. Mock funerals' |, D/ m# {& _/ g$ z; T
45. Demonstrative funerals; L# r+ c: `/ k7 n$ I& C
46. Homage at burial places
: V0 Q, S) S% d5 R; G t+ t4 m
! b f3 u! B; e% k* E9 S0 Q% ZPublic Assemblies
, q p2 m7 f- z& ]& P: ]6 j 47. Assemblies of protest or support* {" j, R" f( @
48. Protest meetings; h! o: e0 x9 z. c' e) e
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* E* _* I' l+ E$ ^, t3 M# c9 } 50. Teach-ins0 {% X( d) I3 u. H; X
3 |0 Y1 m: a: h+ Z- x% N6 y( ]5 xWithdrawal and Renunciation
9 P' {: o# O0 S5 y 51. Walk-outs' X4 N% h3 `' M. z4 j
52. Silence) w8 ]5 H( ~, U& U9 T
53. Renouncing honors
+ E5 A! A4 l6 h" ?" V 54. Turning one’s back
# J) B. l* O2 N# {4 W$ e0 v D. P0 E* s& L2 k4 h* V n- y
, @% ?& l+ i3 h0 ?( M; l2 I( ~ y& q- C
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" y1 Y# R: b4 i
: `3 ~, H5 y5 h8 K1 Z( |
2 Y+ r& a* Q) N' S2 u1 c' y" N V# D2 J4 I
Ostracism of Persons
; f P9 w+ }- h 55. Social boycott
$ W+ a2 L! k8 t0 L7 \ 56. Selective social boycott8 u! @8 J: J* ~& Q
57. Lysistratic nonaction& J1 U+ F2 n9 d" H0 {9 |4 C+ l9 @6 ^
58. Excommunication" `, x: x" `9 _- d( J- H
59. Interdict! _: a$ p1 z8 O- P
2 i, e# |* h" q3 S
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ F5 S) ~, \7 V7 L 60. Suspension of social and sports activities, Q# h: c6 i9 {3 t1 u6 v( T
61. Boycott of social affairs
. c: i' T# b+ M& k 62. Student strike
* g; B) W4 }" C4 r 63. Social disobedience
?5 w6 v+ g4 T' |1 r/ y 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 v3 V' N7 u% O9 ^5 Y* P/ V9 e# Y7 h8 x9 B3 J2 x$ h8 l0 A
Withdrawal from the Social System9 H; X3 I" j" |% l- f2 p
65. Stay-at-home
' U8 M' N' u: u& j' K( Q+ J( X 66. Total personal noncooperation* l" k F9 E' K7 o
67. “Flight” of workers% R; l" V! V1 Y# ^" p! H
68. Sanctuary
: \7 a2 l% P; n% E: c# s i 69. Collective disappearance% u+ x# r [$ _2 g, [
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ m; \1 B# V) B* \8 H$ [2 t( \8 Z5 V: N! R, Z. w$ [: u
[. D' Y0 ]! o7 h% k0 h
% ]4 N* g; M- iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS, t( r+ N+ {- X' B; j6 U, b& l
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Actions by Consumers V. e& a. X5 |) T" \& t4 _
71. Consumers’ boycott
$ ?4 B8 w6 j$ p, ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' X$ z4 T9 ]- n- F 73. Policy of austerity ]- [" I+ Z2 p" `
74. Rent withholding
+ A, `2 n6 d6 b+ E- d/ j5 T 75. Refusal to rent+ ]( Q7 J& h2 Y" K n
76. National consumers’ boycott8 S& u: d, f2 e# c! P: n ^
77. International consumers’ boycott
- d6 T$ T1 ^% g5 {8 l: E) J& Y# X3 {+ `/ A# c: c V" X
Action by Workers and Producers
( x+ z$ E; S) j$ L 78. Workmen’s boycott: P9 ?8 a, n" _" _5 @1 F
79. Producers’ boycott7 g. |1 Z5 r! \$ y7 T
j, R1 r* l3 }. I
Action by Middlemen
0 Z+ t! t( ~9 @0 r+ q2 x 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) x2 z9 f: {" U4 N0 p" a+ B; }! P# _. M* m8 U1 O X5 ]
Action by Owners and Management
( ^7 w4 C) t, @2 }% X6 T' t 81. Traders’ boycott
. W7 y- P5 L0 R- ^& e0 C1 F 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" Q4 U/ ~. I5 A- | 83. Lockout
9 T. }1 D. ^ F9 i7 O. r6 B 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: }! Y. s+ L9 \ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 B! N$ D3 v: L8 w; U
4 n/ ?; Z r% K a5 x+ LAction by Holders of Financial Resources$ h! d+ _4 s$ T' v; e/ A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( B8 d Z5 E+ x% R+ j9 ]3 N- r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 D7 D6 J# [+ T8 K1 D8 {: ~6 R* S 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( G* Y" S. z4 H
89. Severance of funds and credit
9 I- G5 t" e4 I, k* N 90. Revenue refusal
( ~$ y9 F% k1 J8 R- a 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 n8 {$ A8 C* A @/ X2 F
1 {, H' b( \; G9 D& ~+ i0 ?6 xAction by Governments
9 \# M% Q! e$ H- H' T6 | 92. Domestic embargo, h+ Q2 `; W9 H+ e. a \8 _/ J
93. Blacklisting of traders8 u( M5 e! e3 o
94. International sellers’ embargo
7 R1 `" ~ e. X3 W6 S* R- { 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ g$ S8 Y }' y* {: T 96. International trade embargo5 x$ m% D. Z+ P- I% ]5 E4 y
; J. _0 N [$ i8 a' f: }( v! K - W: k! R* I! `' y- t
3 z6 }' C% f5 B6 s# mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 O' h* o5 h/ k( O- S$ @/ V8 E
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- s- a3 C% A8 n! c/ a+ P d* t9 |Symbolic Strikes3 Y) u+ O9 d! [" }4 |1 h6 w
97. Protest strike' b5 }* C) b1 C8 T8 t/ B+ r2 \* _
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* A. t# ^1 d4 F& w
2 K, _& n2 f$ p( c: p5 G
Agricultural Strikes. c' N1 z8 ^3 W" a; U' V
99. Peasant strike
. Y' t+ u' }- N- R+ s& T 100. Farm Workers’ strike
, ?2 k" [0 @+ S% C4 K5 w. F& S/ b! @: r/ u3 @' P
Strikes by Special Groups9 c# ^" e+ b3 t: o) Q; ]* P
101. Refusal of impressed labor
- c/ @3 l M" u# L& A7 |* U 102. Prisoners’ strike
9 B# i0 ]0 q4 [! @' c: J 103. Craft strike% i q) b6 V% B2 D: s& d9 A: b
104. Professional strike- j% I' K( K5 L f
! _5 Y* e7 c( d* H+ m
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 z0 p! J, h/ b. o- o O8 b) z! X 105. Establishment strike: E, t# q. D' u3 j4 t4 ^1 N
106. Industry strike
; i0 n- Y& R! G. l! d. ^) d% ^" [0 \1 s 107. Sympathetic strike8 e7 H9 E) p% q
3 f+ ~' j; w' j* H/ ^* jRestricted Strikes
. C. q/ X8 a( @8 u. \- s8 k2 Y 108. Detailed strike( R8 b, x+ J# Z* `+ ?* F% c+ _
109. Bumper strike* L$ W5 c C, R3 L
110. Slowdown strike
* V+ {5 z) \" ]* o$ p 111. Working-to-rule strike) P/ K" p. O7 I) G
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 Q8 w$ F/ i/ h2 H; o7 R- ^; l# b# R 113. Strike by resignation
" j' ], g' o: w: X( U 114. Limited strike# q$ L/ ^6 W: c% K* E3 x1 N
115. Selective strike6 X/ m# Y7 G! f2 |2 K
! d2 V" R: r6 ~* J, q
Multi-Industry Strikes" ~% b; f. R% U9 s; {3 h' V2 X
7 @) ^ h! N8 i e7 m9 H
116. Generalized strike, R% X* B2 n. w" y& l
/ a3 u& s- E9 a
117. General strike3 S0 X7 i/ L; k4 K) F
. d5 u0 P! H: Z5 Z4 n0 A& T
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 T; N5 i& t4 P* n# T# L) l% A# a5 Q: `& i' U# H
118. Hartal) }4 f i% W; o4 u" w; C1 E, I' C
2 j8 J! L0 [$ s2 A$ {1 v: j
119. Economic shutdown) h2 a# f$ F, _3 r2 R
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. i; K: L. N* M& ?8 P# m. g! S* A2 Q
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6 c# G% L N5 v7 `Rejection of Authority) e/ A' R6 Z+ H. u* B1 I8 @: l" x, H3 P4 @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, a6 N( N1 O6 V
121. Refusal of public support
0 V& f9 y' L! y( ^5 F2 ~6 ~8 O 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 H- B8 ~8 P# A m7 _( k* N: W" e# y2 @. d8 ]6 I, {
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 i2 R8 l. r' ^1 {# z) ?! e
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 t* |8 u' X$ P' p8 C. g& s9 v* h 124. Boycott of elections
+ X' k4 b. w1 N, M# [$ D 125. Boycott of government employment and positions7 O+ F( P' L7 I. \+ s! k7 M
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: Z2 B- ]: ^) L7 c3 O: `! ]2 W 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 e! d( V$ b6 X+ j" f 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 }5 a1 T6 C1 b A, d% ^ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! L6 }# I2 X4 O, v* `8 c" _4 W2 R
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 s _+ F1 _! u 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# |. _0 u5 J& E% x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. A: |- j) a9 M, I0 p6 j' t; ?* t" H# Q8 z5 J2 \/ [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 S) u+ ?! ~7 y+ ~) H+ X
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, ]2 {# \' T5 ?; z6 U 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! _) ~' h! c6 ?6 i: M9 P' |) x' b 135. Popular nonobedience
6 v' k o: n) y/ u8 D- z7 i 136. Disguised disobedience
" ^3 ~8 H' @" _* y( h* F8 y: R- K 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 h$ x- g0 i8 v0 E7 Z
138. Sitdown
. x% ^% F/ k( } 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% e* f4 \* |9 b3 {
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 w. A4 n9 d3 W+ z5 e 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. G5 J, T8 L) h+ g$ C3 {1 k% S1 o7 o' E3 F8 ^5 g8 _: x" K5 K
Action by Government Personnel$ j+ Q2 O* e2 F# p! t: J
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 {5 l: J: K. `5 _7 Y 143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ p1 I! V' c* v. T% b3 D/ M
144. Stalling and obstruction
0 r: {5 H$ z2 Q% n5 I 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 ` Y8 v+ r: _" t2 x
3 M7 n2 P- a8 @' r 146. Judicial noncooperation1 ^9 T/ D C6 ]- Q' M
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents _1 q" S% P- }# H2 S
148. Mutiny% `( F4 `1 u2 a& l- c& m
Domestic Governmental Action
! ]; I( _0 ]2 ` ^' Q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 H& K4 p3 J/ j
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units i% e( s6 O+ [, E% _; c
8 A5 |# l" {+ O7 e4 l. i
International Governmental Action& }& ]& V( v1 y0 w! t
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 `- P# L' D; |+ w! F/ J! ^
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 I2 r0 x/ [: {6 u7 q5 r 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: L' r8 l* W% w: H+ E- [, r* I 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 ?) Y2 q; L0 q. K, b% e% O; G' C 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: M; d. w1 O' B' K 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ l/ ], ~/ z i3 r% Q8 ~
157. Expulsion from international organizations
+ g0 ~, X: G7 t* n) J
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& { a, J) \- x7 e: N6 y6 X5 h! k* j- v4 b/ C6 o% _- t+ R+ |" X
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
9 W, ?) T4 c6 m5 Y
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/ `, Q l: ]# L) ePsychological Intervention( w% p' g I* K& y3 N7 {' @2 r: l1 W9 q
158. Self-exposure to the elements; S8 B D! U L* x6 i
159. The fast
! i6 G8 J* K3 _9 a: M a) Fast of moral pressure) i# F8 G1 u8 }! ~2 V
b) Hunger strike
8 q' c! x% z% o Q5 t c) Satyagrahic fast
7 n1 P3 z3 z% V/ J 160. Reverse trial2 ]) c9 Y. L. i* x
161. Nonviolent harassment
+ |, g" G. m: h: u. L5 z+ z$ u/ P
' S3 h5 Q, C' s# Z/ ~: f% [: DPhysical Intervention# T8 w- \ H/ S- c
162. Sit-in
; q* g! @! {) `% h 163. Stand-in; F3 Q; r0 T9 a# e
164. Ride-in
! Q, k5 W1 O2 k 165. Wade-in
2 k! T7 u$ ^$ {3 `+ I, ^( i 166. Mill-in
* k" _# m; ?3 `9 l+ k0 e 167. Pray-in
" f4 K6 F. k2 }9 D 168. Nonviolent raids4 I' _; ^) i5 Y
169. Nonviolent air raids
' p# [8 p0 Z. A 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 b# O; H" Y( i 171. Nonviolent interjection
' |! Z7 P/ c. \ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& t: e4 k, Z( E" [9 t3 e" s 173. Nonviolent occupation% ^" Z% T6 o; Y3 [& a
6 i0 |' H9 F- Z! U% D) P0 a* }Social Intervention+ v- e2 j. O7 B0 K4 K
174. Establishing new social patterns
* E; J# t6 B, m* l# b- n 175. Overloading of facilities; p% q, s% h& G# \( O6 j: S j) f
176. Stall-in
$ C5 F/ c' q* V/ l 177. Speak-in l+ O8 z6 ^+ J. z- F6 K/ b
178. Guerrilla theater& q2 T* o1 G( R4 _
179. Alternative social institutions
! [/ Q# Q6 @& T' x" M4 P3 P 180. Alternative communication system( \" i7 r, `. W. Y4 V& l6 x
0 T+ A* d8 X" j) M1 e. G6 I3 A; a6 YEconomic Intervention" v: w! A% t/ u$ o& ?
181. Reverse strike* T4 B* K% L, [- ~& P* ^
182. Stay-in strike
0 Q k8 _/ |4 T$ v0 j! j% S 183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 n. t( ^" x; M* ]2 g* N# v0 j' p 184. Defiance of blockades
9 X2 d* l: i3 h% a s 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 x! m" Q) l0 a1 _2 T) B4 i
186. Preclusive purchasing
. B/ t3 x/ S: l/ g9 h 187. Seizure of assets+ t% f9 @6 H' I) S
188. Dumping
+ `% C. w$ J6 l% f( w& r1 F 189. Selective patronage
7 V8 j" O, Q/ x1 o 190. Alternative markets
) k f" V( r( o5 E 191. Alternative transportation systems0 [- k3 ?5 i- l# V* O+ _% l' ]
192. Alternative economic institutions' B$ y3 a3 ^" C9 W; f0 B, F7 m
3 v1 |$ y5 @, I
Political Intervention
4 |, S0 \' o% G8 l7 e1 R6 _& m 193. Overloading of administrative systems# T Y! b; E8 X1 i
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! U0 n8 K& s) `6 O
195. Seeking imprisonment# R- x' j* k% ]+ q. M0 ^3 X
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 ~# ?4 S+ O$ f* J# [5 F0 U 197. Work-on without collaboration1 P- }2 [# K5 n1 P
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
