 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 f' P1 V5 f6 a* w3 |- m4 w
Formal Statements
* n0 U* \# h( q M# Z 1. Public Speeches2 e) Z" a0 N% {- j
2. Letters of opposition or support, R$ u( Y9 r# v7 v8 W7 T% ?
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, r3 _, K( w9 r6 {6 V
4. Signed public statements2 x' t+ T: u) m$ u# i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 l0 f2 f+ B- a9 z 6. Group or mass petitions
I1 a" f' V& \' F
- _, I- V7 i8 b; q( y. zCommunications with a Wider Audience
& p5 n# e# Q" N4 ^% z6 _ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols O" v# ~, B* i x
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 y0 |9 L# E4 O) x( v$ h 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 ]( j8 G/ }- I( | r 10. Newspapers and journals
2 k8 b& ]/ U) ? 11. Records, radio, and television
9 ?3 b0 ]5 K- s t1 B# o 12. Skywriting and earthwriting- f" g# ^; \& z* b( P
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Group Representations0 H. P- `" C9 P/ ^
13. Deputations
4 }& D T/ i0 V$ |$ F3 z6 R/ C8 Z 14. Mock awards
! A3 d' ]* F6 a) r% B& c4 G+ m 15. Group lobbying
6 E+ A' L% n, E- S 16. Picketing
; X/ Y0 Q% u8 c: }( [ 17. Mock elections" T5 y5 j5 X2 c) a; S5 j [
/ t U! o8 Y5 j7 J/ r2 W" v
Symbolic Public Acts
u; H+ P L2 f: | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- G3 @, R# x* ~: }8 r4 F 19. Wearing of symbols& O& a7 X2 @6 \! }
20. Prayer and worship. m0 ]2 M& j2 }- ]( s+ @
21. Delivering symbolic objects
; G9 ?; b+ T& [* f3 Q2 _/ } 22. Protest disrobings. v. b% X8 G2 x1 W0 C2 X
23. Destruction of own property
6 D/ I& U3 ] x! _5 [ 24. Symbolic lights! a' D: O+ F# `6 f5 B
25. Displays of portraits- R7 }$ k- X9 i# v
26. Paint as protest: G1 b0 H: Q# m- Y% D) s0 m
27. New signs and names
* l! \1 }6 Q5 }- o( v h 28. Symbolic sounds- a& M* {, `& K3 U' W3 v/ L1 n2 n
29. Symbolic reclamations2 D' T f% D; Y+ d9 v* C) v
30. Rude gestures& h2 y: h; H- w, \% X
9 n& O! d9 o% c0 N
Pressures on Individuals
' H) v) E4 S* w( A 31. “Haunting” officials }; _1 r+ d1 s( m" }+ W2 R
32. Taunting officials
9 E; j! g7 C' F/ }7 W) ~ 33. Fraternization5 S% @/ @- Y4 [. i8 L7 ? C. G
34. Vigils( _% c$ ~- i0 P% K1 U& |* c
! r/ Z5 A) k' r- T5 T& R) KDrama and Music( S' v$ B" z! @( Q( H4 I( e
35. Humorous skits and pranks
, A: r+ o6 @6 ?' c9 `# f 36. Performances of plays and music
' i: R$ }' W& ]. s. x0 y 37. Singing
3 l+ l* t( [5 [2 x& ^$ P, ~% H; f. H4 C2 R$ Y( i8 k7 G/ k
Processions; K. E. u+ b# x: Z
38. Marches
5 O W- [9 d5 E1 {; i 39. Parades
. S8 {2 F, }- j 40. Religious processions% C% B7 n1 Q: n! L) J
41. Pilgrimages
. [+ p. r! o4 Q; Z9 x 42. Motorcades
1 r+ Y0 q* x4 B- {3 h! z) g( V
I7 T3 B% J. E* B# x8 D; RHonoring the Dead
/ B6 s d5 s8 K 43. Political mourning# I# c8 V+ d( z- I' |2 J
44. Mock funerals
+ P% e% o7 o/ |2 S$ V2 u 45. Demonstrative funerals
; C6 M; x2 K9 V% K X 46. Homage at burial places7 S* A5 J1 R# p0 O& [* r# Q# K
% r" e- v, E. c8 S
Public Assemblies
3 D7 R6 y) Y/ H 47. Assemblies of protest or support p4 d) n; O* {! P
48. Protest meetings
, y# l' w" U5 L# ?" v" H! K$ s 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) H/ f+ m6 p% i: `7 k$ S# b 50. Teach-ins
+ W: i p6 ^ p$ C% }, C& y# I/ z& x( G# y6 e
Withdrawal and Renunciation" p4 I) m* [. b/ @ F4 u& h! I" s
51. Walk-outs$ M) w! E- D6 G! i4 D! o
52. Silence
5 d( W# e$ G& n8 O 53. Renouncing honors
3 Z9 u' o$ @/ h( _& I 54. Turning one’s back7 Y% p$ @4 L) l4 O
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# b9 d0 Y" z; t2 e, R1 Y
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ _$ p: b1 l( K/ M" R9 }% i8 ?9 Z6 V9 r) a7 X
: Z3 r4 d' C5 M# A& N0 V
" `2 m, v* C! s1 EOstracism of Persons
6 }8 V- e$ ~# [/ l4 f 55. Social boycott
' q( f1 d, m. b, v' ^8 F7 e( @- T, L 56. Selective social boycott3 Q. A, j/ d- V# s0 [( F
57. Lysistratic nonaction; t( q1 y# ^% {+ c$ e0 c
58. Excommunication
1 ~- ?( f$ j: U. K' _1 j 59. Interdict5 l2 @' g5 t1 ~; m
" a" a1 O7 f# a2 nNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 M- U. \; q# {/ R! s: ?
60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ C- M9 f9 D' F+ [% `2 C
61. Boycott of social affairs: d. Z0 B: P/ L% L4 F- h. Q$ {0 ~& s
62. Student strike
7 L% i5 Z2 D1 P+ O6 N7 ] 63. Social disobedience. K7 O2 w' R: [$ D+ N
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; }5 Q7 A4 i" Q$ _
* O0 |3 D0 r0 l: D1 kWithdrawal from the Social System
7 ~6 @8 A3 L3 o C 65. Stay-at-home
+ s# }+ t5 n/ q; E. j 66. Total personal noncooperation. q/ h: a% f' \% p' |+ J
67. “Flight” of workers3 R' U' {; H. E
68. Sanctuary+ V9 a7 j; A( j' D+ c k
69. Collective disappearance+ ^ B3 \% v' Z6 X' ?" y) @/ v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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' S4 f* y! o) k) s' x+ }9 @6 HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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1 J) C c, k) S% D+ s# a0 C; { ( |" y5 v& C+ l) Y3 x2 x4 u
Actions by Consumers
; O/ O5 c8 R. J+ R- ^ 71. Consumers’ boycott! P1 z& }3 w, s( f( [" ]) p
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) V/ U3 d# m5 o4 z 73. Policy of austerity. w, T5 r7 A- Z
74. Rent withholding, J$ A1 T; x( P( a
75. Refusal to rent
, D N8 c l* C6 S5 K2 G0 W8 t* | 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 A, A% P2 B* p7 `- m6 K2 B: m 77. International consumers’ boycott
0 {( l" K: @, q4 T3 c: ?* r4 g& x, Z- ^# }% k- R, M0 r0 |) E5 \1 D7 \* @
Action by Workers and Producers$ h2 t* _ y9 D( ?3 P
78. Workmen’s boycott( j: u' a9 S# T) q- |$ j
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen S7 U) }- V' l. T$ G( p' g
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ _" `3 ?8 }( @9 D
: _+ U! V3 b- K8 b' G9 qAction by Owners and Management
1 V/ m0 {. a0 |9 |. L# ~ 81. Traders’ boycott! D; v8 g! _) W2 B5 p) i4 x
82. Refusal to let or sell property: h0 O6 t; P/ j+ n2 P
83. Lockout- T0 U, q: @( |, l8 C) [3 Z3 @& c% c
84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 r- h0 F* U5 n# E J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”( M4 ?% J9 @. O+ k: U, G* [
9 h: c1 a* T5 [! _% bAction by Holders of Financial Resources
; ^& H* e% Y6 }/ z; i& o 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
f' V; n9 i* ~* j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 s* B$ v6 E D; Z" z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# E2 [) G/ Z0 S8 f/ q% m
89. Severance of funds and credit
$ t# n) n. |& w+ J+ h 90. Revenue refusal
' y4 b V+ S6 r! ~) a) i- \1 p 91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 r' Q0 |2 S( X: _. I" @, s6 @8 y( {5 }) k4 a
Action by Governments
4 B* H J( L. W! g5 z* ~3 s7 F) \ 92. Domestic embargo4 d6 y, q2 J9 H* n1 U
93. Blacklisting of traders: u: d! J' f3 |& |2 b& B! R% m% K
94. International sellers’ embargo: x |- {, R7 @* R( n5 p
95. International buyers’ embargo$ j0 N( B$ Z$ R7 Q5 e, h& T K. z
96. International trade embargo5 `: `" {. [/ x6 c
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& f8 L+ \) c6 i4 U3 ]1 G1 hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 p) W* `- v9 w6 A0 c5 C" F% c
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Symbolic Strikes
. q. h& d3 r+ B4 I9 ?! ?3 W/ {3 ]5 U 97. Protest strike. K* G: R9 K; c9 N+ W2 Z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, D7 K) A9 A% B! `. R+ N4 Y
8 I, u7 g o* T! q0 QAgricultural Strikes
' E$ \# x+ y. f" x5 U/ } 99. Peasant strike/ L" l2 X4 F Z. v& n' C
100. Farm Workers’ strike
& }- ?% e' _/ z( _
" s3 Y$ s7 Q: e0 @; R% M; ?; qStrikes by Special Groups
* }2 T0 R5 E7 ?+ }3 w/ U 101. Refusal of impressed labor& g+ X! c7 ?+ a( w' P6 O
102. Prisoners’ strike& F# |* G( m' J8 O* X
103. Craft strike0 H2 [, _! |: L8 B2 N- Z! ?
104. Professional strike
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ f* X6 V. b' d, {, [
105. Establishment strike9 A, v [( ~+ y C5 X% [2 m8 l$ S
106. Industry strike. d- Q. J+ ]" W& _5 H0 p
107. Sympathetic strike# ^! F( P4 Q1 H
# j4 |3 F3 h' P; |) H/ B
Restricted Strikes
6 w$ z! J2 H9 H, V( ? 108. Detailed strike
. S- k$ V/ F( b. q- q7 n% L) U4 s- W 109. Bumper strike
6 a- D5 O0 u0 z W$ s3 w 110. Slowdown strike7 o' u9 M* r9 i5 j
111. Working-to-rule strike
2 m* F$ ?4 \4 \8 _+ M$ w 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 i( y9 p5 a8 }( f/ M% |8 ?& x$ G# w 113. Strike by resignation
; E0 g: q& V+ ]4 E# M 114. Limited strike8 _/ J0 \2 X9 s% f
115. Selective strike* B& `5 P6 \1 e
7 f9 o" A$ R2 S2 E. b
Multi-Industry Strikes s: j. ~4 X; e9 M+ G
g8 V# B$ d( i! e
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike: A( X6 `7 g+ }9 M6 @. v. l
1 f1 A B1 F( a4 M6 Q8 c7 r
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ r4 r8 j9 e( z
$ f$ K; t2 v0 C4 `6 a1 | 118. Hartal
6 g/ s: k6 Y4 q2 F0 ~
6 V! `$ X( G+ h& [" \% }- }. j 119. Economic shutdown! G# r6 b* O. N( q$ s/ P! T4 }, b
8 B& F+ s0 Q' c5 C9 M
4 L3 q$ j1 C0 i0 l& w, s* l ~/ x; d9 N: c' ?: {1 o
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority0 R8 b* g4 Y1 K3 \2 x7 L* K: V* q9 ^/ J
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% ~6 j, {/ W' G0 j
121. Refusal of public support0 W4 m( y Q/ \4 Z$ V3 J/ [
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 u( k! K8 ~/ J4 z4 `
7 q. G6 c9 I4 o9 B- n2 [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* K8 R7 h! N# t
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ @' g1 r5 B2 g f! U 124. Boycott of elections
7 k( o0 ]; b. Q: ~* t 125. Boycott of government employment and positions* `$ T6 N/ Y. O
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: [# o0 b* s: z* d* D! g1 o 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& l h. b1 m! u& D2 @
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 C5 m3 W8 m1 M# d6 x0 _* I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 f9 k$ e4 L; C- D8 t2 }
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! r" |5 b' [! U: i. q0 n, J- [
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ V% X6 ?& K. G; x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 J0 U8 p* L2 m& R* R
. C* _7 [3 M& `5 K: v: G* ACitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 j+ p4 L1 a0 J& N7 R5 p 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 G: h- c0 w: E. | ^2 | 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: m: }9 ~- V" C# U; E" [ 135. Popular nonobedience
! b+ U1 `/ s7 ?2 J1 E. n 136. Disguised disobedience
7 s& M2 c% C4 v" \) ] 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 b" `, Z. L; j$ P( Y 138. Sitdown W4 ?2 ]' f0 m# r
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 d7 f' V7 q% r g% f/ G 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! D6 @3 ]3 {* p! {1 r3 o5 R
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. L8 E$ W; Y% y% S
9 X" w/ j; j0 D( m% aAction by Government Personnel
; U( ~6 {! Z3 ]0 {7 E( A1 c 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 i, O9 O' S+ Z/ c) o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information, J9 `8 M2 }9 @) g2 C1 C: Q% A
144. Stalling and obstruction
) o0 g; x9 Q* [* S 145. General administrative noncooperation
( I% n0 E) w" t+ b- M6 ]+ ^: y; `( I$ n- B& P7 `
146. Judicial noncooperation9 v( G# o4 Z- \5 }
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% K. k( j# L4 M' [
148. Mutiny
8 A5 f v5 b9 V! r7 ?0 F2 xDomestic Governmental Action. u% A6 ^+ L I6 j: g8 k% `
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 L6 r g( R/ a/ ], c: S; | 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* U) {3 v% m- K- ~) u; C' v) M3 \/ b2 J L; x/ I, Z: V
International Governmental Action/ D# B/ F9 P, ^. p( e" f$ d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 Z, ]7 d2 H# A( {
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
0 F1 l; d% |* d1 H8 F) T/ H 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* K) t0 F) ~( j
154. Severance of diplomatic relations ]1 {3 J$ U; P5 @
155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ K# X: `# L4 D" ?/ j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
j- p H4 i/ {& E. n 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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7 ~/ Y: p5 |" X1 `! U9 ]THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
0 J; A6 ]- Q+ K3 ~- Z 158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 k" s& J7 }+ m j' { 159. The fast$ x, g } W% F" N* O
a) Fast of moral pressure
, g0 |$ H# x5 P4 |$ O( ?/ T% n b) Hunger strike
, O9 s& ^ S6 t$ [6 c. E c) Satyagrahic fast
2 {- z0 |/ x+ e 160. Reverse trial
6 Q, Q) }* a) K5 f 161. Nonviolent harassment
; Q& B; {, y' g- ?; z5 `0 A4 B! k& ]9 k* `: I
Physical Intervention
8 A% X0 \# I+ N4 s' g 162. Sit-in6 j! i+ x9 e$ O" F2 m3 u
163. Stand-in
8 O2 k8 @5 n$ v( N- P 164. Ride-in
. J: A9 g& {% y4 T* |. o6 A" x 165. Wade-in' c5 V3 a6 J+ m% I4 T/ m) T! A
166. Mill-in5 ~- x" O6 F2 I1 z4 u) e4 Y h& Q: O
167. Pray-in# s: q6 Y: ]) @
168. Nonviolent raids
& \, \4 g) Z0 U7 h8 m4 q; K! x- ` 169. Nonviolent air raids- m2 R+ {; }' }1 n2 v
170. Nonviolent invasion
5 Q! G5 {5 r4 \7 y: ~7 l 171. Nonviolent interjection9 [9 i' @& B% k( u+ I
172. Nonviolent obstruction& X! d9 \7 @- O6 Q$ F Y
173. Nonviolent occupation
0 K4 L! r. s/ c( L: ]5 R) c ]9 m; |/ C; H( F( R$ S: J
Social Intervention
4 o" S& M* T: e3 V- X$ P. P' X 174. Establishing new social patterns9 f5 d9 \. f- q# X* b8 ]$ C2 ?
175. Overloading of facilities
: B. H% E9 N( h 176. Stall-in
; F& g) W6 h/ C1 h8 N 177. Speak-in6 H4 o0 L, K% o3 L
178. Guerrilla theater
/ E1 W: v) r5 h0 k 179. Alternative social institutions* |4 K( g! X, H9 f! y
180. Alternative communication system
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! J9 w9 i4 W( i0 [3 r: rEconomic Intervention) {7 N! D1 j& I& x% c
181. Reverse strike
! ?) o5 A. ?5 Q9 n. L& e E- M4 q: \ 182. Stay-in strike$ g1 \& d O2 t
183. Nonviolent land seizure" m" L3 T6 V! g5 z! k
184. Defiance of blockades6 {, ^# I. E8 t# d
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ |" W9 f0 X8 w: A 186. Preclusive purchasing
% l3 k c- d" L2 M0 u5 Z2 L4 r 187. Seizure of assets
' Q4 A; Y7 Y- A3 ^ 188. Dumping
* b; Z4 S& c x' j 189. Selective patronage$ y, R4 x6 D; h' n+ Z( Y9 h
190. Alternative markets
! v5 B- K/ H" J* x: ? 191. Alternative transportation systems6 p: T8 w9 B1 X7 N( z
192. Alternative economic institutions1 Y; M* t' ?* ]- Q4 Q) {9 d. @1 {
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Political Intervention3 r4 o- g2 x) Z1 [; E ^
193. Overloading of administrative systems# k; p% t; `' a. G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 R! g; [# |1 T0 i% [) U 195. Seeking imprisonment1 G/ E5 r5 Y; `9 p$ ~" e% I4 z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' E t: Q. u) y) y 197. Work-on without collaboration$ \& G+ ^7 D0 K {
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 U3 a1 i$ U7 c: @) ^# D' n: o
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
