 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 I3 u K; O. P$ u6 T
Formal Statements
; F9 u/ I- g& _3 K3 } 1. Public Speeches! p. d, s3 B. h: H T P( d% y
2. Letters of opposition or support9 A7 i& c. O3 E5 L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 n7 Q |7 s% z. y
4. Signed public statements5 @* z4 l4 w1 {. w: {" b8 o
5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 s: o* |* W/ v. ^9 f
6. Group or mass petitions: g1 t6 o# ~! y3 D/ W
7 l: l- y7 O6 |" ^/ L4 A9 r* u
Communications with a Wider Audience% |. ^2 {' j& S4 ?5 z4 m
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- |: ^+ O6 z3 i$ i! W- p, p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% A1 [/ `" p* B" N9 [! \ d4 s M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. d4 m4 k8 ]" ~( Q7 H6 ]
10. Newspapers and journals
, O7 ]7 ^4 A8 c3 i: T/ c 11. Records, radio, and television# `0 W7 v) W. J
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 y {1 ^5 U; o* X5 u+ N* t: e1 Q' I: R6 ~7 a6 S5 h( ^4 n
Group Representations
: |, h1 U# u8 M- z' t) E+ x 13. Deputations$ T# @3 y/ T) k+ U) G
14. Mock awards
: V! q, m. w4 T- z 15. Group lobbying
& x1 l; ^, O% @% T; b" p0 D' H 16. Picketing: e) d) W( W7 i
17. Mock elections/ w$ m3 f) G1 D0 @; z7 W7 S+ B) [
( D: g; b+ p3 H9 HSymbolic Public Acts$ i, ] d2 }5 o: N& ?9 X) Q
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: c# W5 `+ H' }) Q 19. Wearing of symbols- M8 k6 S5 r2 e6 `. @2 l
20. Prayer and worship0 `: M6 D) C7 d
21. Delivering symbolic objects8 m5 Y$ q5 h. P4 A$ D- p* k. j+ A
22. Protest disrobings
- y4 {! W9 q& m6 _5 i8 K 23. Destruction of own property
, P# x9 C! A* V( w `. o 24. Symbolic lights
/ E5 s4 t0 Z4 |5 n/ } 25. Displays of portraits
8 _: R6 B$ z. t& Y: o+ F5 Z 26. Paint as protest# y# D9 G* G, `) e
27. New signs and names
7 o6 q: D5 q' _% d* K& \ 28. Symbolic sounds
+ @. t4 i0 }8 m& A" T; g9 } 29. Symbolic reclamations
/ H" C% S' h$ w7 E8 h6 l 30. Rude gestures- O6 |1 M' E) `& d/ Q6 c) v
0 G; p8 a$ t2 S) t) E$ b
Pressures on Individuals3 G, {' L; m! v1 N; [
31. “Haunting” officials
# `% j% J4 L# G& v5 i 32. Taunting officials- W' g. J. l( h |, A
33. Fraternization* P+ m8 {# q5 N3 ^7 u
34. Vigils K d. W% i$ V+ O0 }/ T$ K
; O" N: D2 h( k! ]6 a4 X
Drama and Music4 k3 F# B3 C* O5 x& N! D# a
35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 W9 ], A7 U6 q- e* q: v) A9 ] 36. Performances of plays and music# E3 s6 ^( m1 H: Q5 v
37. Singing
/ a# }3 c* i9 U* G
0 a3 d: ]* D# |4 f. U: {0 M4 aProcessions! Z+ y( u/ H& y
38. Marches
+ N/ u7 r% }( y9 q 39. Parades2 r+ E% b& C& E; |
40. Religious processions
5 Z2 ^: a% K, g+ d' M y 41. Pilgrimages4 z. \/ t6 E0 X9 G8 A
42. Motorcades
, q6 @& s2 G3 E" T" @/ k
* r' T3 {; x) J gHonoring the Dead
% y. f" [& E- U" Q& m) B 43. Political mourning) d; I/ B2 ?4 h
44. Mock funerals! k" b7 Y: D5 k
45. Demonstrative funerals' z! a8 Y6 K g' T
46. Homage at burial places
% R6 J1 ]2 _( C) O( l. W! k# M! `7 ]4 t( R8 G! m; ^
Public Assemblies+ A, y6 R$ T7 u* _
47. Assemblies of protest or support
( {. s) _2 l% ?" x% Y 48. Protest meetings
A3 q- E0 O6 F* r! ` 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% L9 B5 X1 ]' [3 ?; w7 y. H1 D
50. Teach-ins" `7 _; G; |9 q9 W! {
$ h( u5 O% w$ R
Withdrawal and Renunciation
8 m7 I" N$ `5 { 51. Walk-outs0 {9 M: s3 X% \2 ?! C/ Q, s
52. Silence" |/ A( Z5 y* Q
53. Renouncing honors
4 o2 a/ E# ]) V" Q" P 54. Turning one’s back! `/ F6 v; d- x, d9 f5 V
& R/ ^; A/ D q' Z
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3 e u, Y* q u1 Y! K9 ^8 R& z ?THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
" t$ d2 Z" @ `% Y1 w7 t$ I1 t2 r& t( L
4 N- v3 m$ E% X' t8 [
2 @6 L& Y0 a1 J" X4 Q0 Y) }Ostracism of Persons
9 `# x6 l- i2 H3 ^: \ 55. Social boycott
' e; H: C* o5 s; Q9 g; ?4 f9 ` 56. Selective social boycott- S; z4 U6 S% ^# J
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 n: h% f/ J& p8 Z& }
58. Excommunication. Y( I/ I9 f. l- B
59. Interdict) h7 Q! ]$ e' k# o& h; a
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 A. d; d, ?' k- `7 g9 } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
s- Y5 u( ]) I2 @+ F! d! d! E 61. Boycott of social affairs
* p) p6 Q- l3 f4 K 62. Student strike
$ T/ B; D4 J4 d% A$ m1 Z 63. Social disobedience
6 \% ]# k" n" j' T# Y: c) U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 r, @. ^ |3 Z/ ?, i k H, Y! m7 M0 T
Withdrawal from the Social System7 m& K2 P4 t4 S9 @0 X, x p
65. Stay-at-home
1 _8 E& J; b* k 66. Total personal noncooperation
' b$ Y7 e1 Y+ p5 W 67. “Flight” of workers
7 _, s: o/ k8 p2 c/ {5 ] 68. Sanctuary6 _3 [! G. [" {+ ~6 \
69. Collective disappearance
% V8 O8 z3 W1 K0 j; K0 p: O' l 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
! u& L5 v& U1 u; Q- O7 E; Y. N) m) `! @3 G% m0 o7 q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
i; `: ~6 M/ k% c/ n5 e* x# l
. _7 ~3 g& P" }6 ~ # b) p% x8 y$ K/ t
Actions by Consumers/ G {8 C+ Z: |1 h9 `* T v( R
71. Consumers’ boycott
7 `: U4 f9 T$ z7 H7 e 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- x% U. Y T" H5 v) F4 u1 k
73. Policy of austerity3 q3 [1 V- O+ B4 ]/ ^4 {+ J0 O
74. Rent withholding
4 A& F1 x/ Z8 W) S2 ^5 R# H 75. Refusal to rent* J3 i! J/ A; r1 J* x$ |
76. National consumers’ boycott9 V. F$ m! r9 i |0 y; f7 t
77. International consumers’ boycott
# \; _( ~: B# b+ v
& n" ~' x' H4 G% y& V1 I) W) zAction by Workers and Producers2 s3 j7 {6 W5 Z o; Q* s, Q
78. Workmen’s boycott9 b' D! V B5 u/ F4 `% p: V- a( B
79. Producers’ boycott) S: a& A2 p% [+ h9 s
- N+ N( e$ f7 m3 ^! w/ m& i3 V( aAction by Middlemen4 V3 n, [' J5 O; u- k; |" k
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott [6 K! d( I1 V
/ S$ Q B0 d* W5 aAction by Owners and Management }/ K7 G) z; M% a; \
81. Traders’ boycott5 e$ \( h) n' A T$ m) p* E
82. Refusal to let or sell property' A8 c6 y0 f7 a5 D6 {3 ^" I* Z
83. Lockout
( X7 ], H- c; G% ?$ e3 y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- x7 p/ i! z+ L' M; I/ p8 b( ] 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" O: r p! c4 g$ ]! {; Y" Y0 L) ~
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. D" B+ W7 d" { 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( ^* e% a/ }7 M, D* A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; W. b' |9 e9 T6 l5 A( Y
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 p3 M( l) W- r1 v- y- ?7 R6 e
89. Severance of funds and credit+ T- F' F9 a% u& q/ Q" N0 w8 N
90. Revenue refusal
6 V! H6 O4 H J2 V 91. Refusal of a government’s money
% S( ^6 T' m- H' C& i* i4 v) R. q$ a9 x- T( w
Action by Governments+ Q, ~" K+ a, k- T
92. Domestic embargo; s5 o$ L" x- ^: A- F9 V& O
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 P3 f/ I8 X" |- p 94. International sellers’ embargo, L1 r9 k7 T' `
95. International buyers’ embargo1 I- t$ E1 l8 U% _4 j7 ^7 N
96. International trade embargo
5 i* u/ l' _6 [1 [! N8 o4 n
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ _7 D% `( B: r4 N, w7 W
' L8 b0 ]1 O9 z, B3 n
- E& w3 q; V& ?1 E0 _0 oSymbolic Strikes4 k- z# G8 m- c3 o2 [% k
97. Protest strike, C1 Y4 S y4 W$ x8 |, h' n
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( ?: h }; C( _- @: [3 D# c/ z, {
/ n9 ^& w U3 a$ n% X( e; TAgricultural Strikes/ I+ P8 l1 A( Y! a1 t
99. Peasant strike
4 T8 a* H2 `. x 100. Farm Workers’ strike2 m4 I+ k S" V+ H7 H
; N* e* q2 o! ~3 V2 F3 tStrikes by Special Groups
7 o3 W' t$ x2 O. k4 y 101. Refusal of impressed labor: z& O* r: l5 h/ M* b
102. Prisoners’ strike
$ A! l4 X5 E& U' j: S, j1 V 103. Craft strike
$ {2 a" M8 }& F u: o/ K4 {0 s6 B 104. Professional strike
0 p6 M$ |- k- ^8 F" z* m p
- H* o. F4 o( X6 P( t- o# aOrdinary Industrial Strikes: t- i5 P- {3 v0 P4 ~
105. Establishment strike
+ H) h4 i# j/ C0 k: e- g 106. Industry strike& B, w' G; i- ?5 K' k2 V
107. Sympathetic strike6 h, Q( |/ M6 o" |1 X6 }' h
# o/ u+ }8 z/ wRestricted Strikes; O# \$ S& z7 L' B. t
108. Detailed strike( \* m1 p% J3 O6 `& q3 {3 g
109. Bumper strike: w0 T) z6 C/ {9 e
110. Slowdown strike
: ~3 y9 n7 E- S1 C 111. Working-to-rule strike
1 W% z% y- X5 P4 w 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 I* l g( g4 G* Z 113. Strike by resignation
5 w& l( q! y' c% H: F4 I9 P1 d 114. Limited strike
0 Y4 W2 W) m8 t: ^% N 115. Selective strike
* k" Q ~& ]7 ~. \; J; U! j. o; L" |7 C5 ?
Multi-Industry Strikes
: d. Y3 n$ |: C( }/ Y* _8 {. U: }# S @4 L- h
116. Generalized strike
$ s6 H& w- G; M
" g+ l4 n# c) b+ t" U 117. General strike+ _, l# Z6 |* C1 [3 M- b
8 K8 i( x$ Y+ E; N* Q% l: ~Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! v3 A$ L+ G {0 V2 v
, D Z8 r+ @6 y" X 118. Hartal% J4 _8 \5 G, z: N0 H) [
5 `- X3 u* B4 e0 w
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 m2 M' h K& W: H$ N. O
. y B1 d' s; ^+ V8 o; ~8 x . N7 T( b. e; m* f. P2 O3 d/ |
Rejection of Authority
8 a6 B* p6 o/ ~: f- H 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
/ d. @% m0 D$ g 121. Refusal of public support
9 M! ?% ?; o$ O& N; ~1 o. O9 E 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; B& `* |( B9 ^; n& c% a1 p" B( G: Q) G8 G! t$ ~' l
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 ]! D* I' u# g( b4 k 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
3 N% k0 A9 F- ]5 D( G5 B 124. Boycott of elections
+ e5 G$ q% I) i& e7 O# ^. l: s0 p 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
j4 `9 {0 ~2 e1 ]% a 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 T4 F$ a+ \5 f& y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) g# r$ Q4 }+ Y9 X 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: `6 N! w7 L0 S8 F5 ~ O
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' d) ]' X+ F& e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 q4 t& R& Q" `) r' O1 e 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" e: f- ?& [* v+ Y6 C8 i 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 t4 \ c5 F9 g$ r9 }) s9 T
, u A; L- N0 P; A2 x1 nCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ T, R" w! p2 R0 I& [ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' u. w* ^; @* ?' a 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" Y2 M n- S# B' f9 J+ _
135. Popular nonobedience
1 e! R8 D$ r3 y( W& n9 q0 f, d% w 136. Disguised disobedience: X U/ \6 E3 e1 M
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 s: A t5 n2 }/ a 138. Sitdown8 T y1 w9 _: Z" F2 I2 |
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: {3 b; V$ c* |! j- Q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% C9 e' `5 u- R% p* E/ ~- W* A
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws. m5 M) L( g8 U0 H9 B. m2 A
3 Y% [, _; y# B5 e' H7 S
Action by Government Personnel
* S4 H" a- L' _, c) I 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. n7 k( }; m% E1 k. w: C# O 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 \' [( Y4 U- }/ Z 144. Stalling and obstruction
$ Z1 a6 N8 r$ h4 |' |1 X 145. General administrative noncooperation
8 ~ }8 D2 R6 c, v3 l W( p0 T7 y1 e) a- e
146. Judicial noncooperation
" }' h, X% |" H$ P5 D0 x1 a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ s* F% w& `4 M8 h+ y- D6 P: ^
148. Mutiny
9 D# r+ Y+ s2 \; a0 R+ e) t ]Domestic Governmental Action
% c: a4 u- H$ U9 O6 P 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 U' D2 x$ T' C& r% G
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* U3 q. S+ u7 q3 |$ O
( @9 K! U* z9 d+ B
International Governmental Action
+ V P$ E% p) B' U0 e 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. m' `, u. {& y8 v; R( C) b
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ Q4 ]( p1 m1 N- [0 a
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. }8 E" X' D& J4 d) b) A
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 c$ R$ t6 W2 V6 ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 B9 M$ ~( f+ f% v' c+ | 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 O- ^# Y0 S2 k9 t
157. Expulsion from international organizations
5 F. F2 G7 P0 O
Q% g) }' o" E& c
3 i0 O7 l4 \) G
( Y. ?& ]! g; c. L5 z8 J3 a; OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. P& _. t3 U* N7 U2 W6 P( z
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2 y* Y ^$ n9 B1 yPsychological Intervention
% V8 j" }8 H$ F! N 158. Self-exposure to the elements* F7 U. W, h. ?) I
159. The fast
; w. q i S2 Z4 N( O5 f. _9 u a) Fast of moral pressure
# p+ p3 z$ b& r9 ]3 `4 p b) Hunger strike1 I( y, b9 D8 t0 U; |
c) Satyagrahic fast6 f+ L: O+ @5 T7 @
160. Reverse trial
" c% H# I7 z) c 161. Nonviolent harassment
; ^1 \, B4 R4 I9 M; I: s, k$ [
8 G+ g* P0 c. ^2 ?- p7 [Physical Intervention$ n( U( B0 p" B# j) m5 r
162. Sit-in# v+ ?7 Q* p$ i1 q) A
163. Stand-in9 l) _ z# h3 i* i+ Q; Z; a6 d
164. Ride-in+ S7 e% @/ K) n# a* \$ I- `
165. Wade-in
- M% C8 O2 {1 u- ^7 P5 n 166. Mill-in( Z4 G4 V% f# I. t: i+ {
167. Pray-in
: O) U* p% c; C* F- c7 [ 168. Nonviolent raids+ B4 h, M8 `/ I6 x
169. Nonviolent air raids
) m& }8 Y# f* b 170. Nonviolent invasion& N! A6 Y% C7 J+ ?4 n- y
171. Nonviolent interjection
. I6 f" b# S& G( @0 a1 t 172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 u. ?' G7 w! e( |) ~# n6 w 173. Nonviolent occupation9 _ o) Q- |) R
, P& d! |- D X+ s7 i- ySocial Intervention: ~( ?7 G% }; K9 \% R7 h0 l
174. Establishing new social patterns1 U3 \# ^: f# A( ~2 S: t: }; H
175. Overloading of facilities
0 R( `0 a5 {, N 176. Stall-in
; e8 Q- i8 R* F, y7 m 177. Speak-in
* A8 J; H$ j0 O8 D) l7 M 178. Guerrilla theater; g/ T7 c+ @: |) n6 W3 ~0 r/ M4 `5 H
179. Alternative social institutions
* _# r/ N& ]- g" [" A! b# f 180. Alternative communication system
/ Q/ P# Z! g9 N& O
, `- ?! K! D7 V# ]5 a" WEconomic Intervention
- ~" g& P8 c2 z$ b. J$ { 181. Reverse strike7 t h/ ^% ?! d) L" q8 F
182. Stay-in strike2 }+ K( B7 d' U
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 Y$ ^0 _/ o; n" n! D/ ~ 184. Defiance of blockades% D& r- M# {& H3 I+ h5 [: I
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" o: s* D* G2 R
186. Preclusive purchasing" ^* S# _/ {% N
187. Seizure of assets( f/ x# t: B1 k- S; L
188. Dumping
1 h% u. e7 F) F/ @ 189. Selective patronage
, A8 }+ U$ J, u2 c: t& O 190. Alternative markets
; o" B3 R- x. A% o( ^# }. U 191. Alternative transportation systems
' t1 Z+ I0 V# r- f- }* W3 ^1 Q$ D 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention
' }! _1 V# o% b w1 d# Y$ E 193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 p |, Y& A/ N2 ?5 \8 D 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 `6 C7 P$ T& v, L6 p, r
195. Seeking imprisonment! V* ^% r# e& }& I0 u- K: y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: g" A* ? v! [; z4 n( L: g 197. Work-on without collaboration
\* V) A# A4 W7 U1 m) E 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 J/ I5 F H# f% t$ l: D
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
