 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! b) U7 T% T" ]% w7 N, P
Formal Statements1 U3 }) g' S4 E: K- M
1. Public Speeches
9 K$ m# u, w5 o% s0 q5 c 2. Letters of opposition or support3 ~" ]# S* Z* @5 E c: x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% {( W9 |) C4 ]% v# n
4. Signed public statements7 L6 k; z/ C0 b I% f, o
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ I$ @: D( G( z$ m+ z5 M' N 6. Group or mass petitions c! L% H2 V' G0 r* Z* w
5 N& u* ]9 ~9 J" @Communications with a Wider Audience; X/ q2 J9 O# o7 j; e' o( N
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 A/ y3 x- x- }8 m0 a4 i: w 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! @( v, d1 P+ r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ y1 {0 u5 v3 O" t) h 10. Newspapers and journals
* d: C1 N- R' Y; } 11. Records, radio, and television( J6 k4 R# ]0 T& i7 P7 T" t9 N% {! {
12. Skywriting and earthwriting: O- { i# r( q/ c$ W/ p% E& x+ Q
5 ]2 k1 G: w Y
Group Representations
! X3 | u% O1 g; {& T7 \) Z9 D6 ], N 13. Deputations1 d5 x7 i) M9 i; B
14. Mock awards
6 }8 M. p8 `0 C+ I9 ]/ q& I 15. Group lobbying0 o! E! U" |: F0 C" m$ k+ ?7 L
16. Picketing
' j$ f4 {9 @1 R 17. Mock elections& t6 C0 I9 p% }: N7 c
" c4 Y1 x& T3 Z( ^
Symbolic Public Acts
. o: }5 S4 F8 U7 `+ a0 G8 L2 f- m" E: G 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 X( o F5 @& M4 E( Y7 ?; w
19. Wearing of symbols
. @6 a! K0 M' U9 v" y$ X7 Z% z2 \ 20. Prayer and worship/ F; U5 ?- m* K" O9 [8 y, A
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 g8 z& f z" E 22. Protest disrobings
# C. g" r$ M: U0 K, H. H 23. Destruction of own property1 _; D1 |$ i0 E
24. Symbolic lights
# C9 H1 G/ |$ e( |1 V5 { 25. Displays of portraits
: p; I4 M. Y8 {: \ 26. Paint as protest" H' H2 G1 Z4 ]. p
27. New signs and names
" F N- t' K* i. ]7 W" V0 E; I2 D 28. Symbolic sounds
2 g" f: T9 [0 I/ |4 A8 J8 h2 ?/ @ 29. Symbolic reclamations' H( R% ?+ d) |, d9 |! O
30. Rude gestures8 f; Y1 v5 a/ J1 X: p
6 ]0 G1 ^. X7 V; G! o
Pressures on Individuals
* h- N7 ], m9 Q [+ t7 P- L0 I, f 31. “Haunting” officials$ f) j7 T6 Q8 _4 Z
32. Taunting officials% D0 E0 s A- K0 B
33. Fraternization
9 d/ \, i; E) t3 `# N1 w& e. Z% c2 s 34. Vigils
; p( O! U* G& ~4 F! }% }$ h7 r3 i) l l
Drama and Music
. M4 V, g3 g( a 35. Humorous skits and pranks/ |5 P" @. V6 _' A1 O$ }
36. Performances of plays and music
" L( t1 B- F- E# L2 R 37. Singing
1 x% U) Y1 e) j& w6 ^' A {1 S) Q; j
Processions6 m' M( N b& \9 g3 p s. l
38. Marches2 H5 x8 |, [7 X3 M9 J
39. Parades" ?7 [' \; \. r$ ^7 P( d6 _$ p4 D8 g8 z
40. Religious processions
6 }+ A' T( t V! G2 B; h+ R 41. Pilgrimages
, G- o) Q! q t: S. K 42. Motorcades. p3 N. T, y+ U8 A v- I
9 A# k1 e1 R, g0 i- fHonoring the Dead9 Z1 p) ~: r, g- e
43. Political mourning
5 T! M8 Z" W0 t# d% w. H; k 44. Mock funerals5 y0 Q) I- M+ T1 T; n
45. Demonstrative funerals
" P D" W7 P! q 46. Homage at burial places0 V& o. Y1 N0 A q
. ?! v& R* \4 n( _. A% o
Public Assemblies
$ d4 B- G, S% A9 j- a2 O0 V1 { 47. Assemblies of protest or support
B7 i& o/ N1 G- L& ^1 h v2 @ 48. Protest meetings
/ `' r8 ? W% ~( l) B1 s7 B" e 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# h& Y- x- J. Q# J, k1 b' z0 {
50. Teach-ins t1 R7 T3 q) K' J2 ]
9 M) t/ r4 x* S+ A) s
Withdrawal and Renunciation. u- g* x) B( L2 m, y
51. Walk-outs
. y. H1 F v' ^! f 52. Silence
7 q0 \2 j. `2 |$ \- [$ | 53. Renouncing honors. S9 \: ]" `, D" x0 p, I
54. Turning one’s back
1 ^4 ]9 A/ |4 Z7 O! f& A; g
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# ^4 Z8 P0 e Z, g$ TTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) ?+ l% h4 d1 V7 _
* D5 n% E- e0 H$ D % G4 g/ t- ]+ _8 c( g/ R
4 g6 e! Y( E+ n: i' g
Ostracism of Persons7 b, V# ?" @6 {0 R: ]5 y
55. Social boycott
8 p: H0 R: X, W! p5 c 56. Selective social boycott% s( X; W& A0 P `. d/ V* B
57. Lysistratic nonaction) M( X$ j8 Q5 y8 P W* n; h u. S
58. Excommunication
# P! A9 p; k6 c3 z0 r% g 59. Interdict
6 m% R" v9 _( g
( }& N0 T4 a; }0 tNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# ?/ _0 F+ @- w7 o" I! D) ^" y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities: R4 @# h# N( E
61. Boycott of social affairs; h2 C% Y3 {; G1 y& r8 D; B
62. Student strike) Z3 t) ^& D2 }3 k0 ? N/ Q3 r
63. Social disobedience9 P7 v) R# f% o+ O9 W# m# ?, z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions. B. a& V2 j" ~( s& L
1 H, ]- o% j, sWithdrawal from the Social System
/ Z4 I4 G$ s+ c5 I6 t+ U 65. Stay-at-home
1 c& L- d3 n/ d& Q; t 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 C* j( A7 j- \& Q, X$ L+ s* o, t0 R 67. “Flight” of workers
+ A& d3 {6 _% X) L; F. ~ 68. Sanctuary& F4 s+ y4 `, {! m c. m; ~+ ~
69. Collective disappearance4 g5 v$ }3 L+ j0 {4 D
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ C3 v( {1 [9 Q; L3 D4 h( E
4 k+ [ A+ E+ x y
4 G! i2 U. A# @+ _& v" T% e M/ |* X4 T
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- i4 p" s6 ]% j
! r2 g5 J$ f9 b- u& Q8 i
) U: W2 L0 l* ^/ A/ g3 JActions by Consumers# X! ^& l6 g0 C9 T
71. Consumers’ boycott
0 A+ S/ f, n e8 G% f2 t: o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 R' V8 q6 d" q 73. Policy of austerity
5 y# J* ?. t Z4 |9 A/ p* Z 74. Rent withholding
0 L5 _3 `, w& i7 L2 Z# O. I 75. Refusal to rent
9 y# J0 }% p2 S 76. National consumers’ boycott
+ f6 s) ~: Z% G% L, y 77. International consumers’ boycott+ l4 ]! c7 N9 N9 D& ^$ S- |
+ \1 Z% d' E! `/ n9 s# X, I
Action by Workers and Producers0 n. I! [8 z. T% ~/ V* ^) d( K' x; r
78. Workmen’s boycott6 F% [2 s7 l1 k4 e% ^+ h
79. Producers’ boycott
3 m$ o i; q* D) G0 w2 \/ W/ C L
* T1 [7 g) U) `- t6 GAction by Middlemen/ F" h+ ?6 ^5 V2 K$ a
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 h7 s5 N, _& ^/ n/ ^8 p' _0 f
: h! |/ f/ c9 b: W( F. MAction by Owners and Management
9 o3 D: x* x/ r; S x5 } 81. Traders’ boycott* I7 @* @/ Y+ k
82. Refusal to let or sell property! V4 { ]5 y$ E& H- [
83. Lockout( E0 o x0 M) w' X) m
84. Refusal of industrial assistance- l4 X& g' r6 V& _1 j
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 z2 B) U i# a7 j7 |1 A0 s* G
]0 I, t- D) G* i# b0 i6 B: M c+ JAction by Holders of Financial Resources3 O u0 `4 N( G- L
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% Z/ j/ k1 H7 f5 I
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 u2 t- \$ e, N# e
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' J; u6 X) R2 ~ 89. Severance of funds and credit
5 c- P7 m$ }9 f$ r- n 90. Revenue refusal
7 C% s% I8 H, f2 d* c2 U! a5 F 91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ d+ r) E% d$ E4 Y I6 j; U: |) j# r u3 W8 {9 g
Action by Governments+ G6 t$ P7 ^4 `: g" G, U! t% H4 j
92. Domestic embargo* }9 ]3 b* e: ~. m( v) J
93. Blacklisting of traders' s' D9 U2 a; A; @# o7 P$ i1 ?1 L
94. International sellers’ embargo9 T9 |: |5 }& W% y( t+ f% g U
95. International buyers’ embargo
* U2 e1 E5 a# ^" ~4 H6 m' N 96. International trade embargo7 |; M% B8 m( ^7 \' z+ H# Z, n( m
N& F F. k9 V& O. a5 Y, I
* \$ W0 D; c9 @- @# f" v5 V8 @/ d# @- c+ e8 X
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ x! \. m, ]" |& I ]# A R
( V8 z. l+ x. J2 X- E% s. }2 n. F
( p$ K! Q' m! @5 W( _0 N
Symbolic Strikes
/ ]# ~! ]0 d3 Q1 v 97. Protest strike
. k- O7 }4 Z. d9 i( o9 S- C* Q' d9 a0 j4 I 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) Z4 S k9 ~8 a% P# r7 H$ }. H3 R% J, w% ?5 {
Agricultural Strikes
1 h$ ]& w8 f% G8 `+ W; R" g3 m/ Q 99. Peasant strike
6 ~3 V7 m* J/ m- }! o% h' i& M 100. Farm Workers’ strike
' T' }* z8 n* T( W- F# V! m( O% o- t, G6 d0 y0 d
Strikes by Special Groups4 n0 Q1 O% \( l* l% E2 w
101. Refusal of impressed labor2 i. {0 w+ D2 p% ]
102. Prisoners’ strike2 `( ` [7 k' J: y
103. Craft strike
, E2 e M% E) ?' y# H+ S 104. Professional strike
) L# \3 U! R/ c) W9 c
: o2 v3 s9 z+ b) m, T' X2 Q3 l$ uOrdinary Industrial Strikes; D3 J6 p+ m4 Q. I, \
105. Establishment strike; ?4 v. L3 `9 m
106. Industry strike
6 t. {7 c+ r8 y6 _! O 107. Sympathetic strike
, P* J9 e& @- u. Y0 @- U& ~5 s6 H6 ~( Z- I( i% E
Restricted Strikes
! ~% k( N$ @4 S% }* p. P 108. Detailed strike
% m3 q% v; I7 t" F; K) N 109. Bumper strike
& T( V) u% y0 z3 d7 T9 w5 S 110. Slowdown strike S; }& ]" K7 c/ o
111. Working-to-rule strike8 r9 o" }; I" |- I
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) ~, V8 I& d2 a/ i/ y7 x7 G g
113. Strike by resignation- _- t5 u# L0 [1 W
114. Limited strike
! Z! J' I& ?4 _8 ?. ? 115. Selective strike$ J( ]8 Q5 k: T6 T% E# Z- V! U
3 b3 \7 ?4 ~, Z: @Multi-Industry Strikes5 l' l8 a. A/ S2 _& w0 e3 X
7 c" ]/ G! T9 B) r 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 {% E$ z e/ l* I) Q) s
- r: {* o, ^4 Q# H1 B& u( r 118. Hartal
8 f1 h$ h6 q( D$ E0 Y9 R/ B7 Q* G X
) u/ E& e/ j) I& }$ ~: Q" Y J 119. Economic shutdown
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4 E: o+ ~' L* L% A& [$ j/ M4 C. N# m+ a: l' a
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 @7 m* H, ^ y- e- ^" S
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' |- E9 v: F, o1 q8 g; {0 @Rejection of Authority! k0 e! Z% N7 o1 P0 [
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ l* U+ I9 e1 s) q% S1 ~ 121. Refusal of public support |! p3 u+ U( Q/ F0 b9 h1 O$ ]' r
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ d2 [2 F8 \2 T1 I8 |
! C4 x5 b% n! J E& mCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ P" L' T7 u2 w# R( _' P 123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ ~3 }( H! f M
124. Boycott of elections3 N, Z" P" w/ O* H4 H. @/ v; V
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 F% f6 f2 G* ~4 I* w- h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 s' h- b1 H3 \$ d8 @4 ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: V$ L. _2 Y, S8 O 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 P/ n, x6 t3 O+ @7 ]% l: Y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 a& W2 a) W% S2 S9 { 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks3 r- L# k. q/ A; o$ z* M4 ^
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) T6 f+ V. l( E/ a0 s' ]3 y1 x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& F; [! X- O( I! g$ m; G
. {$ ]% [8 E8 S- ^
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# n4 S/ a- T' i 133. Reluctant and slow compliance }& ]" ?& M: B. j- I
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 y+ K; ~, i6 I
135. Popular nonobedience( Y0 \# [0 @" K% t& `* |* O. d* ?9 |2 F
136. Disguised disobedience
! I4 X3 R7 T" b* N+ I! w 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 u& Q& j2 `1 B& G 138. Sitdown, j k( Q1 {* z2 ~1 G
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' C* _# J$ ?: W4 B: E' } 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# e8 t3 N2 ^: r0 `$ U; G5 i
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: u1 q' b1 k" W. t* c4 y( z" f2 a$ k+ n& u5 |6 @4 v, g G1 B }5 ?
Action by Government Personnel
" y# [+ O9 e! o. u6 P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 B. v# ~; u% |* ^
143. Blocking of lines of command and information' W2 F# U( Q. O9 _4 u
144. Stalling and obstruction6 w* d: ]6 C$ P- b. F
145. General administrative noncooperation
: g4 Z: ]; x6 J$ r) W5 F# f& R3 A& V
146. Judicial noncooperation( R7 \) `0 n+ I* i( {8 E2 @# c
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, C% l, Z! h" a
148. Mutiny
2 j4 k% C8 L$ @6 T6 Z; TDomestic Governmental Action
/ l; @. G" s7 I) G& N* X" |2 u) [: x: ]+ Y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% B* ]7 f) o% ]( @8 |0 S 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: Q3 B& P! [- g2 e1 a; `/ L/ t
7 {% l, B; J% G4 i1 O4 j6 aInternational Governmental Action
: v/ X2 Z' h2 ~% ]- @% q. x+ Y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, W- Y5 ^# ~# _, s- ] 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) K8 f7 c8 I' y8 k+ X
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 j" q! a$ B% j$ `
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
2 p, S, Z6 h/ o x) j8 _5 [ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ @( s' {/ [8 I* q: ~5 v
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; i8 v `$ A# [; T" i, ^2 M 157. Expulsion from international organizations6 r# a7 T- K& H9 G1 z' m7 O- s
( a% s3 |# {7 `* C# e! Z 1 K' K3 ^7 o. D! |- _5 {- D
1 ]9 M, W M+ `% R3 W
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
8 f* i1 P' p \+ g# h4 u; f* V* M5 K, I+ ]6 N
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Psychological Intervention' Z" A9 ~: U6 U; E. ]( q; |0 ]
158. Self-exposure to the elements( Q5 n5 Z: \" Q e3 G
159. The fast
6 e" _" k7 M; a7 X( a5 b4 x a) Fast of moral pressure1 L$ U7 S7 w4 u z$ S% ~3 h _: S: ^
b) Hunger strike' v z9 }8 e. o z; t6 A
c) Satyagrahic fast
5 g# s* f7 X* _( U! z 160. Reverse trial
7 E8 t4 ? i2 Z) h" u 161. Nonviolent harassment
# E& E& Q* G" A. B" H! h) C! X4 E/ p0 f+ a
Physical Intervention
. }! j1 j J9 k! U( O6 w 162. Sit-in
( V2 F- I" B' G! S6 i$ U7 ?; M 163. Stand-in' i2 N9 X8 e$ V' ]' a8 M
164. Ride-in
- n. t, o7 C) r; M$ L' R 165. Wade-in3 @2 E; u2 k# R7 ^. P' h
166. Mill-in
! N5 `$ l; D# T/ x7 g 167. Pray-in
3 H1 D) _2 W* z3 `+ _ 168. Nonviolent raids6 s- v' e7 ^0 J7 B: Y1 }: s9 M
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 o1 E' A6 R) t, y7 j m 170. Nonviolent invasion
# I; Q' K# X: a 171. Nonviolent interjection
3 B0 _. X+ ~* ]1 Q 172. Nonviolent obstruction2 @7 l/ G$ W' D0 D
173. Nonviolent occupation# m! j3 F# S, ?3 v: J
- T& t2 ]# a& kSocial Intervention
% R7 e. g# O( J* L* ~1 w, X 174. Establishing new social patterns' x0 D% W* y8 P
175. Overloading of facilities
- l% v3 s/ S- S5 t* R 176. Stall-in
2 q. b4 {2 _2 g" w' o 177. Speak-in( O0 e7 ]; C: A* j: l# T C
178. Guerrilla theater+ X; I* w7 e! j) |5 M( R; f
179. Alternative social institutions9 {) T! X( T) H+ a# V8 V( t) q
180. Alternative communication system
9 |' n. \+ j3 P) e X% T
; `, k& C' ^, k: O, `: xEconomic Intervention. B& ?& o5 A/ r1 O) L0 ~& v* ?
181. Reverse strike
* P$ W2 p1 M/ } 182. Stay-in strike7 b7 K. N$ T" a
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 C/ F$ { K; i3 t& @ 184. Defiance of blockades
. l5 E+ A) G& X' q+ c2 s1 I 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 D& t' ~4 f+ k$ n W" A @$ S
186. Preclusive purchasing1 C9 J y4 \6 c9 j+ c1 X* Y
187. Seizure of assets
7 p6 Z3 j) ?3 w2 | 188. Dumping- Y3 r' m1 W8 `/ O$ ^
189. Selective patronage. D6 _: N! g& D
190. Alternative markets* K @ g9 I1 ?' @& w; p, k
191. Alternative transportation systems
2 S7 o/ q: l i! ` L( w/ s 192. Alternative economic institutions! a s! i4 B, f& d. g
0 k( }; c" Y6 _
Political Intervention
9 }: _7 ^& L! n3 X6 G" r 193. Overloading of administrative systems, Y( R, Q, L& _) r! X2 d8 u
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" j7 l- D8 G# G! r6 Y/ x$ p9 N
195. Seeking imprisonment
$ V+ a+ O S3 k 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 J1 S. m+ ^- U2 }5 q& a! h 197. Work-on without collaboration1 p0 d# u l8 a& r
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
