 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# v4 _( T" y, X* L+ QFormal Statements+ g8 B/ @& Y. J2 a' D
1. Public Speeches
8 Y' s$ ?4 N1 U8 M+ o) D" f2 P) o- H9 c 2. Letters of opposition or support3 f8 }+ k" w( L8 _8 _1 H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ Z4 W/ C M) r/ _0 U& n' Y
4. Signed public statements
( J( E1 P1 a# T; }9 R' P4 Q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
* q8 D* O9 k5 Q! g( } 6. Group or mass petitions
o3 X) t' ~9 c+ X$ g" u, p/ j! a
6 c) _) q9 k9 R% U+ v F# E" jCommunications with a Wider Audience
1 j$ _# c6 S! e; a 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 ~) e7 w( F3 _: D0 J3 L
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 ^+ A9 _1 [& Q. M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 ^; n( c1 H6 C; q 10. Newspapers and journals/ g4 L) t1 k8 N& T; D- J
11. Records, radio, and television" l2 m9 Z1 ?# k3 }
12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 h5 z8 |' [ l0 X6 \
4 Z7 A- t) g' M: Y2 k J
Group Representations
1 z" D& q* R" g. @% ~* v* C% [8 P 13. Deputations; r0 }6 _. C3 g# {$ I$ X
14. Mock awards
) ?9 E: X, Y, g8 W/ W7 i/ C" Z- w* { 15. Group lobbying/ v( u* s5 \' ^$ N
16. Picketing; V- X( l5 s* w
17. Mock elections
2 q! d/ H$ j0 x+ ]0 R9 Q, f. S3 i% `6 R- ~. C; B
Symbolic Public Acts
! z8 t- d8 _! T" q1 k. j2 U- R 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" b! g+ s; `$ ~! U' o
19. Wearing of symbols; \+ w' u1 Y3 w1 z
20. Prayer and worship8 [ B7 g" L7 S' F3 d
21. Delivering symbolic objects% z# ~+ e/ d# P! T
22. Protest disrobings
, T5 Y* U, y$ G H ]1 i+ M! S6 U T 23. Destruction of own property4 {/ {+ j4 B7 b: w2 _
24. Symbolic lights* r7 }, u8 D2 v' J+ ~4 p
25. Displays of portraits
' F9 u" j3 A, I( C6 } 26. Paint as protest
/ }% r6 P' j- M, n 27. New signs and names
2 @' n1 p7 o5 {; B' `* O: J5 f 28. Symbolic sounds K" P2 a8 R$ x+ K
29. Symbolic reclamations9 V# k3 ]9 {, t) G/ n) X, m+ V
30. Rude gestures
- R2 o( l+ t4 }/ V7 t7 V9 e! {1 q1 a7 `; `' l
Pressures on Individuals
3 F" P v; N; z 31. “Haunting” officials
+ S; z. K, s. J0 o 32. Taunting officials% i6 }5 _. Q/ `
33. Fraternization
. A: Z' m5 K9 ?' z! q 34. Vigils
: C y: U5 z) b3 ~$ {) B5 Q4 [5 Q' G& e$ x
Drama and Music
& h& }: {* [# U; k: @ 35. Humorous skits and pranks1 [4 F' x( p3 S( ~# u/ x0 f
36. Performances of plays and music
4 X) u% m/ C9 l- X. \ 37. Singing2 J y) h) U8 g) q3 \
/ |" N+ s4 G4 y$ KProcessions
0 A% L8 r* Y- e+ o 38. Marches
. w- ?0 F( e$ ~ 39. Parades
" |5 O- ~$ B* x ]8 L$ M 40. Religious processions
1 W, X) I' C/ m- P" ^ 41. Pilgrimages
8 e/ i1 ]& A, M6 [ 42. Motorcades$ Y! [& g; o: x$ T2 O5 }
: B: Q/ \" @# ^8 }2 m! pHonoring the Dead1 I) Y/ W) q$ H
43. Political mourning* {. i( t( t( @8 ?$ m
44. Mock funerals. y, @4 i) q4 _
45. Demonstrative funerals
; V! D+ w8 c% {+ z& n; c2 P, r% N5 r* g 46. Homage at burial places
- W: O% g) ~0 F* x. X( e) a8 s8 n, d5 f6 Q1 ?1 K1 `+ Y
Public Assemblies4 E O y) v' I1 a+ Z# \- y
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 x- G& V# R# | ^2 W$ g 48. Protest meetings6 o0 ^2 V7 m: C9 R
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) F6 v( |. E& u: P( G2 [ 50. Teach-ins
, O7 m1 s$ }, G0 J
2 u6 _* o4 {, B1 tWithdrawal and Renunciation$ ]4 l2 o6 A2 S5 K. C
51. Walk-outs
' G% W! ]6 l2 f 52. Silence* c# C3 I; i3 r) e! k
53. Renouncing honors
9 F& H: b. i: m! _. M$ A n 54. Turning one’s back, F2 H* P1 G) I0 O: b9 ~4 s% O
3 f1 K" \' N9 h. ~$ y9 h $ W. w; M+ g- Q0 k8 R5 x* {
2 \* U- R$ E) K3 u: H! M* QTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 {/ ~$ ]' Q+ j. y; r; [
+ Q" R) p* O" F8 s6 l( d- d
# W( V2 a% ]2 J& ^6 c; o2 ^+ q# K: O6 x* x4 @0 k2 G& W) I$ N. g
Ostracism of Persons' F% P0 T; ]3 J" ?/ @2 k1 V
55. Social boycott! o" D! C5 K( p) A
56. Selective social boycott5 a {2 b0 d. R% L
57. Lysistratic nonaction0 A6 |: p$ U o. ~7 F
58. Excommunication g+ L2 D/ n& }# G
59. Interdict
- {4 T: x& A4 c8 f; v
8 ?/ j& N5 ^4 w, q, Q: GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 u9 g) Z+ k# }& {9 H 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 y2 k& V' L6 j2 c 61. Boycott of social affairs
: z5 n/ Y6 d; D+ ] 62. Student strike
1 z( } P M! \( L& j 63. Social disobedience
4 a+ G3 T) `1 B3 p 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( F( w; W% c+ s& r9 ?# g. j( _" S8 Y: j7 I9 e: f# W
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 P" m& X8 W' U' T6 J W3 ~; \7 f 65. Stay-at-home# } i# m- }3 V& B, m6 B7 V/ O+ ~
66. Total personal noncooperation3 y: F. A7 Y) g% e3 h8 Z0 l# f
67. “Flight” of workers* }4 n! @- w3 K+ A/ g
68. Sanctuary, |0 A& {/ ~6 \/ n/ d' y2 f( q
69. Collective disappearance
0 h' P8 b! c J4 @+ N' w 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
+ w" C2 _3 ?8 [' ?" k) H
/ d" ~4 S+ O2 T2 D, l, h / f$ s; e# X4 b+ }
' i( N# P; o2 i. sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 R7 K8 z# j+ i* ^1 j! @: u
6 d( |4 \) i& a; N5 O- }1 n5 ?6 T 1 }3 Z2 R/ k2 m) q3 f! [7 X
Actions by Consumers9 i* J! C* d8 a
71. Consumers’ boycott
! W1 e- f" J4 ]) y. `0 R9 a 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 e4 f2 F) d$ \. L4 U/ ^
73. Policy of austerity) b5 {; u I# m2 i
74. Rent withholding
9 X5 o% Q1 u& ?: e$ W 75. Refusal to rent; A! a# h5 P* o, P
76. National consumers’ boycott
" V! X0 i" c2 H# |/ | 77. International consumers’ boycott: d( e: j& m8 k, _+ _
, v4 g) D( W% @3 U2 d
Action by Workers and Producers
! h1 S) z- w6 l( A# b8 p( S' I 78. Workmen’s boycott
# P j; [3 \, x* @- h 79. Producers’ boycott$ ?# c- i3 L {3 G3 E
/ I9 }8 S* v. @/ y, `5 @. i) f+ e! mAction by Middlemen
( @0 k! D" \" M6 j" o+ d+ q 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 I+ J9 }3 k- x/ b4 [
- Y1 R$ ~% C8 l- N: _, ]Action by Owners and Management
; E% _: e2 I' Q 81. Traders’ boycott
' K [! T n5 V9 ?6 M% Q 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 x- H/ b& _ M8 z2 Y, ?' s( i
83. Lockout6 ]5 |8 @8 U- L, [9 E. z& G: X: R
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 g" d' P! w% z2 j2 [9 |* }
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 k5 M' \0 ?! ~' N7 d- w- v# t
; {0 X% ]$ y3 x5 L ^ `Action by Holders of Financial Resources( v3 w1 s; k& w9 g! `/ Z9 E& W
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" j1 r6 |( o9 `4 \& w) r; l1 R
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. U( V" k+ @5 y
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* g* v, e" _+ ?9 ]5 W 89. Severance of funds and credit
?. G2 c( o w7 c 90. Revenue refusal& Q/ @ U' p" N& ~7 }& j
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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6 ]# C2 ~9 a8 i! c# C& `Action by Governments
, T* |5 d0 [/ \& \ 92. Domestic embargo
, ?9 h `4 c& }- z; ?, X 93. Blacklisting of traders0 k( {' f2 k+ _% E+ O
94. International sellers’ embargo
8 U: v9 \" B% H9 n& s8 p 95. International buyers’ embargo
" v) M. U! f7 |: C 96. International trade embargo
' g5 K. ^( t$ E1 R* `' c8 H( U+ u6 E3 z0 Q, s1 a+ A! z0 l6 j
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. U+ c" T: a; H9 A8 n3 ^9 ^! O3 R9 D7 h* J4 P0 @
3 ?1 m# B( ]! }8 g0 _% z- G8 T
Symbolic Strikes
8 P; W# }0 f+ T* {& ^ 97. Protest strike
( `8 o; Z9 x" A% r 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): u$ ]; K0 Y! w3 i
5 z" g- R& P# b9 C" W' [( DAgricultural Strikes
- F6 D8 \) A6 |( V 99. Peasant strike# U# k* w" J1 M6 _
100. Farm Workers’ strike
, n5 h8 h- z" T$ H. n4 K) [% K j
2 ?* ^6 `4 Q) }( u7 u- a. ?9 HStrikes by Special Groups0 X: w5 @7 H; y: ~( M7 P) {
101. Refusal of impressed labor
' Q% R/ W! A: d" Y! g( _ 102. Prisoners’ strike
2 b' b" ?4 c) |# m% p8 V; w 103. Craft strike( T' V# u# Y) X2 ^. s
104. Professional strike4 O" d) S* F; w" H5 ]! M3 H; n
! o1 A8 r& O. j0 q8 p9 N' q0 L- HOrdinary Industrial Strikes
4 k, B' J; L& @, R( G% V/ |5 e# B 105. Establishment strike- S7 N0 \0 g2 |! ~. K& H9 }
106. Industry strike
7 v( g) N0 s8 y4 x* x: ` 107. Sympathetic strike
) n& n& x+ ?8 D1 q& F
8 x+ w' o: `) W/ S% D; NRestricted Strikes
) a, ?7 p6 G! R" a 108. Detailed strike' w$ e; e' H4 r: p% b- `5 l
109. Bumper strike. `8 |% e2 Q; v, \& P* e4 ?
110. Slowdown strike2 }) f9 b% o% Q, `0 n
111. Working-to-rule strike: ?9 [4 N. u5 v6 T! F/ x
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 U9 o, {3 M1 i( o4 i
113. Strike by resignation
2 c% L7 I5 v4 _ 114. Limited strike
# V; q, @$ X4 N2 O 115. Selective strike. l- q+ G8 a+ y) ~) o9 x
a2 l2 W$ N, k7 k3 W6 l1 s% M! E9 `
Multi-Industry Strikes
" u" A' O3 ~. Z M4 i1 Q- e
5 R* L; B: W+ B3 l6 g3 H 116. Generalized strike
. A5 ]( V0 I4 H& z- u+ p/ a# ]& i+ ]/ ~
117. General strike; K+ {( y$ a4 x
/ T% O: J3 k, ~* n
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( x$ U7 p, O$ f( Q: s+ [/ _" Q" ~
/ o" |" i4 @" |1 Y" k+ V4 p" c 118. Hartal
* ?* i7 u- J, {4 J) ]. r3 S
9 X) l) x3 t. _2 A" A 119. Economic shutdown
) d( p/ \1 N5 K {. `9 ^! j8 g' U& s0 V* S7 q0 `
$ Z1 y# w' }, V2 C* I- j# x
0 M9 x( R# F; r: ^7 YTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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y/ W3 E9 S' R/ i9 [& {1 h: C ~Rejection of Authority
" I0 z- {' G; h6 H+ \) T5 x2 m 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 T K3 S" H6 ]2 Q' y: j 121. Refusal of public support6 v! [$ a4 d( f# v
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 W% k) M( _8 ~7 G; X- z
1 w6 y+ a9 Q# U- E5 N* xCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government! t6 n7 u! s: p2 A9 I$ F7 m
123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 O4 u' T% P/ b3 w2 T, B
124. Boycott of elections6 g6 q9 o: p3 V- V
125. Boycott of government employment and positions& i$ N+ T1 t$ V- b, F
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 T L% d% g2 e4 B6 ^: x 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 R% B7 L' v: H) r: ]3 o# \
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; n2 o/ |$ B" c6 F6 K) J 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ o, W2 c) V8 ]$ |+ K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 y3 j, @3 `2 z, N' t f 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 t# u% T3 |8 A/ ~+ b5 p! h
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 R; f0 l. V& e0 q, s- @ s
! n- @9 `$ Y9 n* w0 k9 }Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* W2 _, h& }. K3 Q1 E- g& g7 R5 Y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" g6 f( b) k5 r( K3 q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: s9 \% L( M: C4 } 135. Popular nonobedience; b" E; u4 X/ A: t$ P& O
136. Disguised disobedience
4 w# C% T0 @9 l- W# K' n 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" ~1 [' S4 i8 J 138. Sitdown
5 s8 K9 t9 p& Y9 o ^* J' V 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: w; _- U* b9 w9 ] 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 b% ?0 v! K; |
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& _7 m( u0 a" G% n" k/ Y# u8 v% ~
v$ P& |5 w' x0 {8 g( q- IAction by Government Personnel' B- ?) q3 g' w
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 K$ `! C1 R/ n: R& A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 l3 G- r& @* a( x8 c$ x 144. Stalling and obstruction$ Q/ a3 |- X9 O @1 o
145. General administrative noncooperation, U! e3 W+ v* ?) p+ T8 y8 p
f6 y* A/ w. `3 O7 g6 N
146. Judicial noncooperation
* ^7 ^6 L0 V* n6 o( x+ X 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 m! ~: O: e3 X4 y
148. Mutiny
+ ]6 a3 R5 o* i/ TDomestic Governmental Action5 a1 b j3 }7 Z+ Y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' Z7 M( w9 E6 P) y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 G; d. g, [2 s5 D8 q
8 L0 I- S- n, s& i4 i+ L4 yInternational Governmental Action$ I; [4 |% u& v. Y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 s( V5 y5 {' p- J2 N8 c" U; c! V+ m( s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
3 N. L5 |' Z1 T ~ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( z$ _0 v& d, G# B8 n+ j+ ?
154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ u6 x/ e' Q! ?4 {) D
155. Withdrawal from international organizations' @( U- l6 s/ u& c) U% U4 \7 M" \, I( e' @
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; d* d5 V2 S! [ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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+ u( G5 E$ r* D2 |# O
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) G k3 k; l9 _1 s4 e2 i9 {THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
! J8 E$ ]$ w1 {$ A4 D0 v% \* h0 }, R
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Psychological Intervention" {* S% h3 ^* ~2 {4 J2 O
158. Self-exposure to the elements* F3 w- N+ O& {8 G7 Y" A
159. The fast
: F# |9 C" J. A% _. ^- v3 @ a) Fast of moral pressure! w B, ~6 Q, S$ S& E
b) Hunger strike( g$ _, ]7 i6 t4 j. _# i* f
c) Satyagrahic fast f0 H m9 T ^ J
160. Reverse trial# d! L7 k( M* {+ `5 b( ^* y' ^ Z6 g
161. Nonviolent harassment' b; R0 Y6 i- W& V
6 b4 Z3 k2 ^) R; w( ?Physical Intervention
_" k) W4 r! u8 |+ b; N6 y 162. Sit-in6 y/ ]: M4 u* C" N: ^+ b
163. Stand-in9 g! J- M1 v1 q" c
164. Ride-in
, c/ h+ P9 p( [ z 165. Wade-in# d' {+ `- Q% _+ n4 ]
166. Mill-in
, e5 Y6 A' d0 E! k) w, h 167. Pray-in* N0 S( [4 D6 p. V! N
168. Nonviolent raids6 z/ [7 I m" J% z H, S
169. Nonviolent air raids
+ R* s2 x4 s) g5 x: e% d" s" g 170. Nonviolent invasion) f; |7 f! n' [3 Y* |$ P# d ^0 |
171. Nonviolent interjection; V# \+ T% d( z' ?
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 U5 }( b3 h0 b Q: A1 U
173. Nonviolent occupation3 k$ z0 b/ s ]8 `' H% F- ~+ \6 `$ D1 y
! w. ~9 P' F) F2 C1 A& MSocial Intervention
& b# q0 i& d; P2 S' q 174. Establishing new social patterns
: `+ k% h9 v I. |( x0 ?0 A 175. Overloading of facilities
% I/ W" \# Y1 i$ B& O9 y% v: w 176. Stall-in# Q& E* E- r& u4 t$ F* S% X- G
177. Speak-in
! g( Z h" @; F% c% K% q2 p 178. Guerrilla theater
2 E" B# L9 L; S6 [% ~$ _! e6 h 179. Alternative social institutions
+ M P' p/ W3 ~6 u$ A 180. Alternative communication system
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' U5 O6 F2 |" v C1 [# K8 uEconomic Intervention
" u, e# ]1 }% \- Q( @ 181. Reverse strike
$ B6 J s5 P( P7 g 182. Stay-in strike3 u; X E+ W8 X7 U* q! X2 K
183. Nonviolent land seizure* d5 ~# Z/ E) Q, K* d
184. Defiance of blockades
* e2 Y; f5 U, I" e 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: j3 ^( m$ z/ K6 a$ Z
186. Preclusive purchasing% |( _8 [+ S5 v8 Q
187. Seizure of assets! l, e7 U$ @0 f; ]! v# F( H
188. Dumping/ \% e" b' Q, h1 i8 x
189. Selective patronage, w7 w0 c' y+ |# Q1 l
190. Alternative markets
' c& ]" K- y) ]0 B! ~' x- k! I 191. Alternative transportation systems( C& k4 L& N) S6 \
192. Alternative economic institutions
. `* }6 w$ S$ y! X- f9 R1 b9 |, z* ^- c& |6 ~4 [/ X
Political Intervention3 S7 l& T! h$ J6 o! l9 y5 e, Q+ [
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 x/ z1 ]9 \ j6 t$ R; O 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents: U# Q( H k5 f1 p
195. Seeking imprisonment* C/ Z; @! L1 A: R+ y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 d; o7 a% c% O- T) R
197. Work-on without collaboration
0 d/ r1 d9 s* n9 ~' G' I& | 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
