 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 q* G+ T e$ {# U- S( P9 h {5 B$ hFormal Statements
! G- u/ C6 B+ U* `5 T 1. Public Speeches
' E+ _0 [# Z; T* @ 2. Letters of opposition or support v: J) D9 G2 ^6 T4 A1 m. J
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ i# z+ E8 T% x- \% X$ ~
4. Signed public statements
2 l/ Z( J. ~+ n 5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 ^" J! E1 J `( X Y# |% b& ~
6. Group or mass petitions( \( t; T6 p( }+ b5 G3 j% `) H7 \
3 |, U9 B C) a- n
Communications with a Wider Audience
; Y. C" S9 R! F+ p% e 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ R% h1 ^+ @" l. l
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' z+ t9 ^) |3 v# I
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. I& x6 K, l! h' K/ W- N
10. Newspapers and journals
4 h2 m& j- s0 ]: ~, X 11. Records, radio, and television
2 @2 }& A N4 H; |) _ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' a S' l8 {: w( u: _
, W& w7 R- |! l/ V. D" x: mGroup Representations( L# p) m9 m& }1 R: ^' P/ d
13. Deputations- q% e4 M8 g' k+ F
14. Mock awards& e/ j# N- \$ |, Q
15. Group lobbying
$ Y8 j0 i1 E4 o# x$ K 16. Picketing& b3 N* { ` A( C$ R+ B
17. Mock elections0 _1 b C5 }! {5 T1 s9 o- @2 o. ?0 v7 f
; R$ X, h8 H1 w* C7 _Symbolic Public Acts1 D0 G6 w U' G& }8 E- X, g; Y% x
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ A ~9 [2 G* o" x5 ?. x
19. Wearing of symbols/ D+ U; a5 V$ P1 [" v, d
20. Prayer and worship
% L- W+ U: g' O) R 21. Delivering symbolic objects& \' R/ n# M8 {9 P5 L5 d7 w# r
22. Protest disrobings
% u! `5 ?/ f9 O z" B 23. Destruction of own property* a" ^) C) C3 P
24. Symbolic lights
C2 l" A& ~& X7 v% j0 \ 25. Displays of portraits& N4 m1 D5 [0 i) H$ m+ V# H, l
26. Paint as protest& _: t1 s8 M. Y5 J; o2 c) b
27. New signs and names) I5 X: g) C: C
28. Symbolic sounds
* w: u/ q& a/ o$ c 29. Symbolic reclamations0 }) H: ?6 h" l( M" w: p* Z: \4 G
30. Rude gestures
7 H6 Q$ d9 ~* L u. S1 V0 w4 @/ w( a: T% e0 v
Pressures on Individuals
8 `! m, Q; ]) k 31. “Haunting” officials8 \# b$ r# {. e
32. Taunting officials
& m7 K! k3 ]: m: K" E 33. Fraternization* |9 j6 G, ~! }% Q1 Y1 X
34. Vigils
1 u" x- X, s; D. \; \5 f* L' v
0 y! g; ], m% m& ?0 B/ iDrama and Music0 h0 q _" r( I
35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 j" p. b t. e- C 36. Performances of plays and music3 x! l9 n T- l7 N) _# K
37. Singing
3 z( W$ p2 D. U$ I# n
2 y! E9 B8 ]- { `/ ?Processions
' g5 u6 X- P0 `7 q& _1 M' s" N 38. Marches
3 h* M) `1 t8 _. i/ p7 g2 y( v 39. Parades
1 {# w) D/ B+ |) r$ G/ i# |4 c 40. Religious processions5 _. z+ ~# k' D) ?, Z4 q
41. Pilgrimages
% l" k: t* b+ G9 a 42. Motorcades
5 n" ~- {; K9 q7 f/ O: F0 C U3 t9 D- Z( G0 Q1 N5 q
Honoring the Dead
- E8 {: h. h5 F9 j; s+ N 43. Political mourning/ N4 m# v" o- [ F, g4 t
44. Mock funerals, a5 k2 s2 _7 m2 }
45. Demonstrative funerals- _3 n: D7 }+ m* T* C' ~
46. Homage at burial places1 C, X6 r P* q7 ^
! @: P4 ?* U' T |5 C6 R* ~( DPublic Assemblies2 Q2 u; C( a4 F9 C e0 t8 F4 [( [+ {. A
47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 F5 n; M4 g; X$ X 48. Protest meetings' Q+ S. V* w- e8 M6 X( P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# ^2 H; s1 m, N+ m, U0 U5 U* j 50. Teach-ins0 B" p# v" J/ t" }
" J5 m' z; r5 P% i2 V5 UWithdrawal and Renunciation+ T7 a% E# E, A, e& P- e# {( ]* J
51. Walk-outs
, E% p+ }' J& K* _ 52. Silence
$ }+ q* E8 T4 g# N- F 53. Renouncing honors _" p% t+ D6 a4 Z5 @! X
54. Turning one’s back: N" a( c: e; T& F+ i# U6 H
$ U3 D1 _1 v+ r7 @ 6 |- M5 K9 C$ d' g1 J; g0 W8 }
: E1 v+ Y }/ L, }% D0 o/ h& e# X; S
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 o$ T" b. L3 _7 C) h* H6 W% V+ e
( b' c2 D* u7 @. W2 r) ?Ostracism of Persons
7 V& V0 H. Y( X5 p 55. Social boycott" A S7 m8 v ^
56. Selective social boycott
1 r0 F J! v0 p 57. Lysistratic nonaction$ n) t7 Q, c+ B) U* r7 Y
58. Excommunication
3 D7 s6 Q% ^- U/ R+ ? 59. Interdict+ ^- w( c6 U; E
+ t# `) ^9 g' E2 V9 S7 }Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' `3 h/ t) m7 D; H4 K! e5 e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities" b& u6 L' N& B
61. Boycott of social affairs
! D9 s2 ?+ e" ^ 62. Student strike, |- w6 A4 A# K* J; P/ d& R! F; q/ Z4 g
63. Social disobedience
]5 T& h" l6 w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 ^5 t3 l# K0 Q+ y q1 r- {* U. p
+ _- v" r- p9 z0 g- j2 ]: ]
Withdrawal from the Social System- y1 S8 f; h/ `8 {2 ~$ A- `
65. Stay-at-home
+ G& _& X/ a: Q* r. @# I 66. Total personal noncooperation
2 |* H" n7 `. L3 k 67. “Flight” of workers2 B) i5 ^' P4 y1 L1 b
68. Sanctuary
/ W0 {# y7 g5 l O 69. Collective disappearance; T0 X) P- t+ P, B$ E4 @" Y8 N7 ^
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* B& @- K7 P$ v9 }
9 a* G$ [) m1 t: N% o9 G% W, V 9 a. U* G; [; B
9 h: z: [5 s8 c# X: ?% Y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
( s2 o9 U# I; i! F1 b 71. Consumers’ boycott3 R n0 j+ s+ f: j7 Z
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 s! e. q5 B( m$ l2 t
73. Policy of austerity
5 a" Z" r/ C b6 D5 Q7 E: h; j7 s 74. Rent withholding
# \/ @" O6 ]/ P A" } _: } 75. Refusal to rent
/ B& b3 y2 I# J# ~1 r D 76. National consumers’ boycott8 M" U' d z" O' A6 e) {
77. International consumers’ boycott1 B i: I# z1 F1 a+ s( ^3 {9 y) X
2 V0 ~+ T! t1 EAction by Workers and Producers
7 K8 V9 Y8 a9 z: \ 78. Workmen’s boycott
3 G& t* B8 r/ ]7 v 79. Producers’ boycott$ {6 U) E5 @- o, H* B
& G5 K1 F9 U% m- `7 z% I0 b, w
Action by Middlemen& c$ P% L6 s/ |3 N
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ B1 I! Y" F! E. e
6 B9 }) u# ?3 C( w( {- B5 W- U
Action by Owners and Management" E+ }6 v) V; \8 L( O
81. Traders’ boycott
9 { ?; q$ ~) U' Y7 c: j0 { 82. Refusal to let or sell property
% t( L" a; c4 [% U/ h 83. Lockout
+ h6 P3 E8 w7 d) F2 V+ J" S 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 q* K) I) a B, A. {8 s: q, @
85. Merchants’ “general strike” `; Q4 ^: B. v: q4 {0 \" E7 ~/ t% X
* j& y n. r& OAction by Holders of Financial Resources6 m7 C6 F5 R4 h; Q, e( l
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
v6 j+ Y* r% B& D, ?1 Y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 E) F" ^, z$ K0 A* u: C
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 s' P( S' ]$ g1 _& `, o% ] 89. Severance of funds and credit
0 k( }# T7 p% c 90. Revenue refusal, m x) B& |6 O9 S g* v1 R
91. Refusal of a government’s money" ?" j$ F; @( L
3 j% H) }' V8 r9 BAction by Governments
* i% Q+ R3 i! [( @! o% W 92. Domestic embargo& W$ Q# b8 a) b
93. Blacklisting of traders
* a! b" n1 G) L# n' T2 _4 i, ] 94. International sellers’ embargo
3 a' A: V$ e! W) ? 95. International buyers’ embargo
% e$ |6 {# w6 ~. _) U0 p1 w3 p 96. International trade embargo
a$ ]5 R. L. Q0 E) r6 n3 h- }3 }: r9 e- ^4 Z$ x# A; Y8 v
7 A9 K) z; Y+ q& x% n( f+ q& \" _, L$ t# y7 w& K0 ?
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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% L% L. a; s; S; C4 E: i
Symbolic Strikes
7 p& r8 A6 O$ p5 y; M 97. Protest strike
/ b% ?* L2 t1 l' @ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) q7 g& p% z" g" a' y
1 u9 i/ ~ R( A: ]; ]- D/ a0 z: yAgricultural Strikes, z( ~) F: z/ `6 X9 [, }0 B2 ]
99. Peasant strike, p& W$ h$ p& Q; Q
100. Farm Workers’ strike
; [, x% r- |& W" K. Q
, v# u- T5 v$ x. YStrikes by Special Groups
' ^6 W8 A3 r- j+ o% V _/ I# V$ r 101. Refusal of impressed labor
* v1 ?1 I3 R0 A 102. Prisoners’ strike" ?" }6 u b' c: R* \! _/ x
103. Craft strike
7 m$ {7 ~6 A; ?, I- h+ [5 I 104. Professional strike
C4 Y4 x' j. A# U& k: |6 \- |3 ?
: f6 X* Q5 A+ i5 w; {- @+ }Ordinary Industrial Strikes
# |& Z% w1 g& Z 105. Establishment strike) R( Z0 v# d' ~; I: f( ~
106. Industry strike: e% w1 _6 r# M. s$ }
107. Sympathetic strike# c5 @. R5 e Y! M* V! C4 c
/ o4 E" Q2 U6 A$ P2 ]
Restricted Strikes9 I! q& K4 w5 G1 {: Z
108. Detailed strike
0 Z( J. T K8 y+ Y, |2 p3 u4 j3 r; i T 109. Bumper strike- y7 [' p/ A& a+ E: f) `
110. Slowdown strike! O& B6 D* I0 `
111. Working-to-rule strike% \/ ?( J& f. Y$ H
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 t# b* U5 e' S3 I 113. Strike by resignation
/ C9 C, `/ W& g. T' W% q9 @ 114. Limited strike
. q5 T- ^, G! w 115. Selective strike
P7 D' Q1 T: ^. E: ^& K( Z: ?/ v; n) O ~% m0 ?+ [
Multi-Industry Strikes4 n ~$ h; N! Q' N9 e1 ^, H
, h( P+ t9 F8 ~ x( f8 o* G6 Q
116. Generalized strike& ?8 T* V0 k1 O) L4 z
+ v& N7 A! h" W3 E5 E- Y# l0 I 117. General strike
9 x2 x$ r" i4 m. D' J3 c
4 s" A( O. Q/ x, {; B' cCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures: T4 c) q1 }1 t$ q) i
O; i( L5 V2 T% `/ P1 Q- y
118. Hartal- W- R& P' h" E+ O3 P
0 s& H" Z9 a5 I 119. Economic shutdown
8 l: \$ j7 F( B" @2 L5 m- \2 i% }8 g. T1 }3 D* a" `9 N7 G
5 x0 }- E0 E% ]( ^9 }
$ D# c8 D: j6 e L0 d' _: `THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 J" q( t' K- v' q& a# P$ aRejection of Authority
$ ]' x" T% y. H, m 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& n" C5 i: A/ W
121. Refusal of public support9 Z% @+ s& C v
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 w, ~" i `& U2 J' `
) A# i- T% s/ M' G S: f. qCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; \+ M. w$ d, f+ Z- O, c' Y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies) `/ s6 q3 z' c) H
124. Boycott of elections( O) C6 C7 H! k2 @
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" L. }# W5 j: W9 r 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: G9 B G, t/ M; F5 B3 q" F
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ U% s, @0 ?9 U/ b, E7 |
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ \& a1 s$ h7 r8 Y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents T8 g# N& f- C8 H
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. Z, n8 `0 A! o0 m+ x5 p" {
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" }: \ h2 n3 b) i9 x. q9 F W
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% g5 F7 J0 ~7 F/ W8 D' e7 ]) g0 _
( W1 W9 w; m: L. I+ ]* ~. R" H' UCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% e' j. w+ P8 f* c, R 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 B, M0 Z O1 i4 a6 E% s 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' W6 |" t: ?) z3 f5 a
135. Popular nonobedience- t- B0 F+ ?* B
136. Disguised disobedience
5 L2 r' e3 e. F6 j' i7 D& m& K 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 {7 c' _. s T9 t1 r$ J6 ~' I 138. Sitdown, r7 m1 f; ?. D. c/ \
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' _2 W. x: c* ]8 C' e7 _8 D& i& t9 c
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& E, p3 b8 X% n; M; {/ z ^
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 w5 B2 H2 Z3 z7 W2 B/ o* Z+ q4 R7 l
' A% w( _0 d2 O% Z
Action by Government Personnel, ]$ q/ E- ~, n" k) G, ?1 d1 C: b
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: k+ ^- Q- K% D0 h7 g- M
143. Blocking of lines of command and information: v) e. W- \- e; G3 l( d) q7 {6 R
144. Stalling and obstruction
o# F; c# f. O5 g: a- S# L 145. General administrative noncooperation$ t7 [- y( r* b/ o& X: A. _
$ T& `0 k- m$ a6 t$ z9 N% M 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ U' n) |7 \/ E/ s4 k 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- ^; K7 p0 W F/ i! D0 \
148. Mutiny
- ~* h) x! k% \% P* |! ~Domestic Governmental Action" Y- ]4 ~* ?. Z8 L7 k" P ^
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) _) `5 h5 u4 E d. D; y$ `, \ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% s' U" t. \ u7 r
6 W4 f- r( n0 @2 h$ |3 JInternational Governmental Action' q; W2 h: H _: ?# ?
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 w! [6 R9 Y$ c9 f4 u 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; M% a. e5 m/ J+ ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( A, K. s: Y9 T' f* V1 R
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. y" ~. s$ _. Y) h2 w% f% ?5 l 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: J# T8 j% ^9 W) i. r- M 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ ]3 o: F4 C* M# Y+ X( P0 a 157. Expulsion from international organizations+ f O* t( {; \
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6 c5 E+ T: e- m7 U6 ] r: V }( H& N* d; P
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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( v1 C% M1 J# [( ~! n# j : u$ v3 F; d( s- b6 G9 y, I* }/ c
Psychological Intervention: t1 y6 l" {3 m) W# h
158. Self-exposure to the elements
% U( M6 W- G0 U. ~1 ~ 159. The fast
4 y7 p- s* Q5 b l- c$ y1 e6 t a) Fast of moral pressure
( t/ T1 H2 m7 [$ I. U3 A b) Hunger strike/ P- H6 Q2 G/ S
c) Satyagrahic fast
9 |9 f1 B/ m4 N* b 160. Reverse trial
N$ I4 Z6 ^) W. |# n9 q7 {/ l 161. Nonviolent harassment
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8 N5 }$ F3 `) v/ f) ^0 \Physical Intervention2 i% h9 m% P9 G; h h y
162. Sit-in1 v3 @' \8 l Y
163. Stand-in, p% I# ]- u- _- O" m3 w9 F+ ^8 v
164. Ride-in
7 K$ Q3 h6 \; R8 I0 x 165. Wade-in( _2 S* i0 {+ K$ a8 z
166. Mill-in
/ I5 w' ?% m* j# f% ^ 167. Pray-in
$ Y$ S3 B% T2 H' B: V' ~3 h 168. Nonviolent raids0 |# y5 A" F: d, K
169. Nonviolent air raids' o' S0 d! R8 B* t8 U I8 M8 H
170. Nonviolent invasion3 n; ^, Z1 ]+ @. m2 Y
171. Nonviolent interjection% f2 X! I8 C; u# x- ?7 T2 W
172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 ~8 j2 X# @' B2 p# U) E 173. Nonviolent occupation* [2 G/ r# ?( U- t4 x
7 G' f8 V+ r- z$ B CSocial Intervention. C7 G* {1 d* a0 M
174. Establishing new social patterns1 M& @2 ]: H, H. l+ R7 o
175. Overloading of facilities4 @0 B1 w- A8 s4 S# u# i% t$ N
176. Stall-in: a$ `) }7 N3 ^ R! `( L- A" d
177. Speak-in
. n' J# X' ^ m8 |% e1 s1 ~8 U 178. Guerrilla theater- L3 i. I, `$ x2 w4 S" a G& f- g
179. Alternative social institutions
! B6 A4 t: G6 C0 d) U# a! }7 X+ r 180. Alternative communication system$ G1 h" h% s8 e* K
+ {, k# K, j# m" f; qEconomic Intervention. r9 z* Y! n1 G5 n ^
181. Reverse strike
! c$ s" V- k! }9 M 182. Stay-in strike
# g" R# f, H- K, }3 C 183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 n' b7 b& O S+ A 184. Defiance of blockades
/ w% y) r$ V0 c 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- Q! B0 f* A' b" J/ i/ T
186. Preclusive purchasing
: K; i3 X% W% t4 G9 L6 m) [$ O" Z 187. Seizure of assets! z2 A- d8 F4 G8 Z) A
188. Dumping
6 P* |$ y" h& F4 y+ n8 n1 e( l 189. Selective patronage
# X7 g. W1 ~" ] 190. Alternative markets
1 x. ?; j; k( @, Z0 N5 d- k 191. Alternative transportation systems
, a- Y# c0 L2 K8 W6 n" d 192. Alternative economic institutions9 x. B% u( v, L' C* ~( ] X
% b5 p! C* i$ P B5 s4 f" p% z% lPolitical Intervention
' X) }/ o0 Q# F, L3 J 193. Overloading of administrative systems
* m) L+ N( }1 d; W; v 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ s: A8 F0 `: _; m$ U7 H* ?' G
195. Seeking imprisonment
/ e- o( Y6 q% }& p* M0 \ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# F3 p: n; X0 z% @; q 197. Work-on without collaboration
1 Y0 i- ~3 W; [- o" o 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, U4 [. h& N# I: r2 _) A5 U. S, E
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
