 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* l6 a# _. c' D( NFormal Statements
, P5 @# z [- Q, U4 |* l 1. Public Speeches
6 S/ Z, H3 h3 C# d" q/ k# B: a 2. Letters of opposition or support0 d! e5 j; {/ M* d, g6 g7 X
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ _2 M. x* a5 q* L, ?; k 4. Signed public statements
8 w- r" r' H0 S+ W4 X 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, s7 [ s" g8 G8 H; [/ p! b+ S 6. Group or mass petitions
: M% q1 H& E( S6 [( Y) U- W% D7 [5 r- U( X8 U- v2 F9 L
Communications with a Wider Audience
+ `; j2 y1 A2 g. E- b1 ^# L; v 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 ]' K( C: }6 C: C0 w% Z( E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& ]3 w) Y4 c! ]# q9 i# I 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 D4 Q* o) }# O: D4 L6 [ 10. Newspapers and journals& D6 b& x! R4 q. }* ~% z6 \
11. Records, radio, and television
2 B; Q6 ^9 Y- S3 {9 n& L" W' A 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 T& Z. r9 p& K$ b4 l: e
9 Q9 I. N( k3 g
Group Representations, A7 E, H* N1 ?( J3 F% J
13. Deputations) U( P1 `5 Q- h- R4 Z
14. Mock awards) G: d% L0 r, u* R+ r* p# A6 ?; S4 w
15. Group lobbying0 o7 I$ G' S- x* W) ~( b) ^( |! o
16. Picketing
. |. R+ O; g) K! W0 d6 s$ L 17. Mock elections: J) v7 s& s1 ]
6 E1 Y9 \; w8 q: F' I9 ?+ L+ vSymbolic Public Acts3 T$ Z& {4 U2 L- r1 G
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 R" @% d+ E6 U! J4 O0 m
19. Wearing of symbols
- W+ V4 D) s9 s& b" M0 v9 O 20. Prayer and worship
. c# W; i5 U$ b+ u2 Z+ ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 b5 b/ ?2 h' ?' v 22. Protest disrobings
# S' Y" J8 |- Q, ] 23. Destruction of own property
* \0 J" j% x0 C# O7 @# f- g 24. Symbolic lights
U2 K: S" w9 G* X 25. Displays of portraits$ S3 B/ U, j2 x+ {1 @( L4 ~
26. Paint as protest
# D2 {7 H7 a* t) { 27. New signs and names0 O3 P' i9 w2 s1 t; M& l
28. Symbolic sounds
' ^. S9 e: ~- z! x 29. Symbolic reclamations5 f( m: l& B$ R3 o' `3 C2 W
30. Rude gestures0 G$ X* x8 ]( ]4 J! V' E, i
" M f) ~1 Z$ I; ]4 W; n. P5 J" F. T
Pressures on Individuals
$ p1 Z) B# {+ q# G+ | 31. “Haunting” officials( r3 {. u: a$ g' u1 T
32. Taunting officials
# \+ U; c2 ~+ Y+ b7 o 33. Fraternization
' N. q9 V) D% p6 L M# }" m 34. Vigils
8 t* k9 ]0 O3 `5 N+ R" H5 ?
; ?# ^! P9 u2 z/ [: L1 ZDrama and Music' U: N' u. C7 |
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 K- ? e! h4 K0 `1 s. |
36. Performances of plays and music) _: V4 R9 L! v
37. Singing& _, z" r+ Q4 B9 M" j0 p1 l
" f' ]8 p1 z; k( F, {# u+ B9 x& `Processions
% R8 g9 G1 ]4 T; D2 A 38. Marches
* }% d/ d8 |$ R1 ~" N. ~2 F; U 39. Parades
+ u- K# {8 f1 N# R% \ 40. Religious processions. d3 l$ w9 r6 E& ?
41. Pilgrimages
+ i8 D. q4 B- t7 p6 T& [0 e Y& d 42. Motorcades2 y% `. N& |/ t3 l' O6 L
1 U% ~* J( P* o/ Q, U
Honoring the Dead
2 P* |4 Q8 n* \( J. [ 43. Political mourning
# q* p$ w+ s S' X7 l' g+ C! }8 O: \ 44. Mock funerals7 _" \) ]6 D9 E
45. Demonstrative funerals
& C% U( N! [7 ^ p3 ?2 ]4 c 46. Homage at burial places+ ?7 X: N* H+ N0 |5 p6 Y h/ i
; f% H+ l% N% W v$ ?Public Assemblies s% O. A# E3 o1 ~+ u
47. Assemblies of protest or support
, h- _" O4 W$ |# W% N" t 48. Protest meetings
# y' S" v" F/ } 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest4 i+ {1 Z5 m! w3 B$ g2 `: t. ~ Y6 c
50. Teach-ins6 v. F8 F& U& i0 q# W8 w: `
8 |* R' j# W9 ^- K
Withdrawal and Renunciation# H- x' R. W9 T- V. Z; P
51. Walk-outs
0 ^' M% Z. L" R 52. Silence
* M- b- A4 R( ^5 W: \" E 53. Renouncing honors* V8 J+ s" \/ y! o8 J$ L9 q
54. Turning one’s back" j) I& R0 z# `0 s' w
# Q7 y; ?' P% H" J) k
1 U* z7 L) V6 G+ _, c& s
; H7 x7 K( k2 p7 v+ [& r: X
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" M9 ~- g: \0 H* N" t( \( l, v8 O
( g, _# x( ^$ [8 F3 N/ t G( B% N; N
& w& n3 S' D. F& m9 K2 U
( i+ f; ? }6 z9 F: WOstracism of Persons7 m- g1 g* x0 L* p( g1 I
55. Social boycott
; T Q9 t5 C- [9 m 56. Selective social boycott
5 G% S) @3 C) p+ j( h' k 57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 h6 z, j" P8 m# T4 O8 a! X 58. Excommunication
3 G- L' E5 H# N5 d: Z! M 59. Interdict
; R+ K, R& P" N" j# F
! n: D/ u$ t3 ]- G8 X8 vNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% F" Z, t" X1 F$ ?
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 s2 M0 c/ y; x/ s
61. Boycott of social affairs. i* C; u v9 `
62. Student strike
! x# A9 i5 {7 |6 Q 63. Social disobedience# c( g c# }4 ]2 A
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! c2 d2 p. I% G1 M# K1 Z# _4 X: ?
Withdrawal from the Social System
% w x1 Y2 B4 J5 n/ ? 65. Stay-at-home5 O; k) r4 W( P1 d9 w6 {
66. Total personal noncooperation
+ F9 ~- w; Y% S* V7 v 67. “Flight” of workers
7 S4 i1 x# s" z: Y 68. Sanctuary4 e- a; e/ K* d" E4 d( ^
69. Collective disappearance
8 {) W0 U1 b- ~+ M8 R 70. Protest emigration (hijrat); r5 N V3 `" |7 a! q! J
( q& U- ]& z+ M- V o& Y$ K# t
. w; l' g3 h) z3 l( _
3 U A) F5 m# u2 r
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
' L& h1 `5 @5 ]$ C& ]% Z: w) w( D' z- N1 j
' F4 M9 U$ P% Y& C+ e
Actions by Consumers2 N) T' Y& e3 B
71. Consumers’ boycott
1 O; B9 t7 C9 r9 k& v( q# n$ X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; g% { c1 p; |& `- ~ 73. Policy of austerity0 F# g4 n/ l C& B/ c. ~
74. Rent withholding' S0 Y' [5 R* }$ C
75. Refusal to rent! H( n. \; U2 M/ y$ w m; t% Y
76. National consumers’ boycott
& \+ r& d- s/ z& b4 c7 k 77. International consumers’ boycott$ L3 m8 t2 ~3 S0 J
Y7 l6 [% R G4 CAction by Workers and Producers7 s2 U0 j4 f& I( `% e7 l
78. Workmen’s boycott
. E3 U: V) s4 o5 u, {' U 79. Producers’ boycott
7 }+ u. V# S: a1 c6 c+ c3 e; R
Action by Middlemen4 k7 G& q* b+ Z# t$ ` `, h+ i
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* k1 b' ]( E" ^7 s2 G7 ]7 d1 Z6 v
) b' K& q6 ]- Q6 ~Action by Owners and Management9 T$ x& {6 y7 X, A; h) x0 a3 k& Y
81. Traders’ boycott
, A' a3 l. @8 E 82. Refusal to let or sell property- c1 H- [% U. W9 W; f
83. Lockout
% G) g2 H$ G' e 84. Refusal of industrial assistance8 @6 x/ H( v- b& r1 M/ u
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 l7 r( X0 A# h! n, ]- Q- P0 r
1 R4 g/ i# U/ `9 |Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" t. K/ `" ?. m ?0 Y0 ? 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. Y1 d: |7 n! i; ?- y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 e4 {/ K. w7 K V' u$ b 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 {7 r$ S/ x) L; F 89. Severance of funds and credit3 ?0 N1 n. T: w, m
90. Revenue refusal
* [+ }$ K$ G6 }8 @' r 91. Refusal of a government’s money
{5 J0 B- `8 D$ j% h5 p4 p: D }9 k* k: R7 o: H* A& j8 l
Action by Governments
5 j. h: m" w0 @- r6 T D# s 92. Domestic embargo
/ N' n7 n9 F# u! W, K2 I( e 93. Blacklisting of traders
/ A: y9 }- X+ a6 K) o2 ^ 94. International sellers’ embargo
( A4 n# Z" F7 m% P+ X9 X- K2 l2 r 95. International buyers’ embargo' O6 k" I# S+ u5 q% Z
96. International trade embargo6 _- g6 s$ W; B0 J4 Q
/ g" o2 Y' D( i- e& L" i: a2 Q - G+ Z f# \- ^4 |, a5 `" E
: j" D' v( [. k0 WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! D! @( O) _% [; P4 O+ m
5 e5 Y9 N4 c9 F1 Q1 A1 X5 o, ` 4 [% U: {6 |4 P$ l
Symbolic Strikes, h8 i. \6 I$ J
97. Protest strike
6 Q) X: g! n. K 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); B. X1 O5 E6 y& }
( i# b$ c" R* D- bAgricultural Strikes4 t! T8 A H7 m
99. Peasant strike
7 U, f. [9 s* u3 R8 B6 J+ i 100. Farm Workers’ strike& f0 ^* Z+ z) u3 T9 q- z1 ~6 I, w
+ W# P: H' L: {
Strikes by Special Groups
+ ^1 J7 [: F6 S3 n! T 101. Refusal of impressed labor
# c+ G+ o& [" y4 J 102. Prisoners’ strike. n9 F$ o3 @( d! u, N6 u* {
103. Craft strike
' ?! Y, F7 \: l# o* `# a 104. Professional strike
1 d1 i# j' Y0 X4 q) k/ r
3 T0 C* _7 x# MOrdinary Industrial Strikes- [5 a0 c# K, w0 E/ T0 o$ P. a
105. Establishment strike
5 F: V. u( P) q& {- D; v 106. Industry strike4 M( e$ u6 }' O; ? g8 y
107. Sympathetic strike
' x# j7 g$ p" N) }( c6 r4 I
0 u3 F9 g5 p. s1 HRestricted Strikes
2 k# V9 }# A3 Q! B 108. Detailed strike
; N- ?& F; m! S& i9 r! W, m 109. Bumper strike
: h6 t9 n( Q9 s. l 110. Slowdown strike: A/ ^" H7 V( E6 J- ?( v( T
111. Working-to-rule strike
- ^$ |7 G7 }% S% k1 _ Z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), Z5 u I3 g* W+ p- f. S0 V4 B1 I
113. Strike by resignation
6 y8 }! Q# k' r, n* i# J 114. Limited strike
& T- o i h$ T 115. Selective strike4 E5 F. K2 p# T# i9 V+ A2 L7 ]1 N
5 B9 f; Q) s w( T& u
Multi-Industry Strikes! `7 d) I8 E$ g" V1 y5 ?! j8 c6 r
: v" f1 \, }6 z0 g6 f& [1 S
116. Generalized strike
7 C L& Z9 {/ e' j, L7 y: m, o% `/ L: m+ I: ?
117. General strike
" L7 |! Y! @" P) u+ E' y
0 s3 ]+ a+ b+ L6 {Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
0 u& r- C) X8 \' \% p- C, C0 F# f& l7 j* P* r" d
118. Hartal+ m1 H" ~; y2 E5 M$ s- ~- r+ }: j* v
6 V) U7 t% f( v5 N 119. Economic shutdown
. x, X% \: l8 K7 G; D6 M9 g& r: F* w: u7 a: u6 y, R; s( t
# H1 c3 }% q+ B% [+ x, n/ d6 c% Q _4 a$ r6 e. z9 d: w. z! T
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
$ x6 Q- X3 A% G6 g0 M3 V6 v7 r; |8 C, w
* i+ k7 w( q* l9 C
Rejection of Authority
9 s% s; B3 W, N2 h1 Y/ j 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# V8 S! t. M5 P
121. Refusal of public support
6 r% ?8 W. F$ O S6 O0 j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, X1 X) k d. U. H& j( J
: ]- G+ l$ T2 G; N7 X" uCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government! [7 i( h6 \6 W6 ]7 k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 ]5 ?! a: D$ U
124. Boycott of elections
* y9 Q" e# U: L, q/ B$ [; E 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 I/ Z2 z3 d4 ~- c. v' S 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ M2 l* C6 c9 ?/ s( Q- D2 s 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 ^: `6 A/ q' \: B9 R7 | 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
) Y7 Z+ U0 Q+ m+ ~# @ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents F% }* l* x4 E3 b
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, p( f& R3 c( Q5 O- Q9 w. n
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: P2 n+ q4 D0 e7 ^' L2 ] B4 D
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ d2 [4 m& Y$ V7 k% d
3 M1 k3 s$ t+ ]+ OCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
) [9 Q, B! t/ G 133. Reluctant and slow compliance! w/ f4 U3 R) f' i1 h: {9 j& n
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- a9 C7 d8 d! F% ]
135. Popular nonobedience9 e6 G9 _! v, H3 ~
136. Disguised disobedience7 U! U, Y2 r% p M- a
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% D8 {0 S0 j; i6 _2 d 138. Sitdown
7 ]: z2 d4 U& B# F 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 Z8 r+ p l3 b8 s: r 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 o8 G+ H8 ]7 I7 O& d) x# C% |4 |4 v 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: u, y( p* S4 g' [0 g5 r% U9 B. M0 x S% a, Y0 A- k) N0 m
Action by Government Personnel* A2 e. g, u$ J
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides& W4 g& Q7 I- |. F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 \; L# z- l1 x: z' z+ X! d# O7 ^
144. Stalling and obstruction+ y* h6 c6 y9 n( a
145. General administrative noncooperation
3 x5 P! K) a# a' |2 G! ^) `. ?& J; X" z+ R% U6 m: a% I3 p
146. Judicial noncooperation
0 a- ~7 f6 z3 w) r. Y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 E/ D7 |4 q7 {9 W( x* v T 148. Mutiny9 ?, t* T/ D* N, D" l$ s
Domestic Governmental Action1 P0 h0 n, j# s4 g
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 A. ]+ V! D1 c( B. d
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& ~9 R# o4 W7 W: n9 S+ J
* O2 `( t, j+ ?% t' J0 }' UInternational Governmental Action, p% | S+ ]. s5 E9 Y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 |7 a! `: v2 _$ u3 G2 N 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ P( a8 i- l' C$ ~, h 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! p6 N8 Q# Q" P8 N* W$ J9 P# ? 154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 O+ n5 G& q3 W4 R8 e' h, l0 F
155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 \ {! l4 C" C( _$ `
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# X7 d( j/ x- ?" n% l$ } 157. Expulsion from international organizations( y. n+ e0 [/ b: U' @5 ~7 H
" t, K6 M8 S: D- s- |8 ~' h; H
# m+ J f3 w: Q2 t' S4 Z
- m0 V% C$ F6 n* { a- L3 y' bTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. F/ J+ g" ^2 m' u# c+ {
" H4 ?- B2 ^$ n8 y ' k+ Q5 L* C8 M$ u
Psychological Intervention, T* i% P7 J0 A; n ~2 Q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ H" h# _7 c6 p 159. The fast( O7 ?" G% S8 ]) i
a) Fast of moral pressure0 N7 ?, Q3 v" `+ C. j
b) Hunger strike* P7 C; x8 N- u9 h
c) Satyagrahic fast
! q X* V, v2 B& G2 m 160. Reverse trial/ Z5 P- s5 p6 N% T
161. Nonviolent harassment
: C6 L% @9 f d6 z
; a* o5 i% q- {" I% FPhysical Intervention8 n G- U# P l4 ~
162. Sit-in! A$ v' x7 w; e& U+ e7 ` Z I
163. Stand-in! g4 t+ W. {, `* j% [
164. Ride-in' E& \8 F/ y; J
165. Wade-in
, A5 c: O# |( T" G1 k+ C 166. Mill-in
" d! P- r/ ^3 b* p% H3 `8 T 167. Pray-in; T1 l: K, W+ h& [$ S
168. Nonviolent raids9 J- V: r. e6 p6 B9 T
169. Nonviolent air raids* t' T/ H. C2 }2 J5 n
170. Nonviolent invasion
: S* j! E8 v2 ]0 b! C 171. Nonviolent interjection
; B6 ~) e2 [# b) B! ] 172. Nonviolent obstruction, |9 e; P# B$ P$ x4 t7 I) _
173. Nonviolent occupation
- D8 X9 e# _8 w! A. M: I
" W; k+ o! ]# ?& {( ySocial Intervention' {& e4 H0 N, ]$ \4 H
174. Establishing new social patterns
: y+ f/ N2 b& U3 z6 i: Z1 I0 u 175. Overloading of facilities
- C" h* M/ D& U 176. Stall-in9 i' \! }) M* p K( |& t# h
177. Speak-in
( w. E5 s, r. g' u; v0 @. M0 ]4 p 178. Guerrilla theater! D7 I; t$ n& {
179. Alternative social institutions
7 [) R, U( K0 T/ i 180. Alternative communication system
9 B @1 r/ q6 S
7 J+ x, C9 r* @ i6 c7 j# CEconomic Intervention8 K1 G, Y+ K0 F5 a6 t
181. Reverse strike
8 @0 c3 I! I+ d7 [9 L( m 182. Stay-in strike$ y% C* }' ` ~; P6 \
183. Nonviolent land seizure* x) G+ z( ^6 N- M+ D
184. Defiance of blockades
* z1 U- A8 l; Q& B1 I 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# z& P$ X$ s: V& \- e J5 X 186. Preclusive purchasing
' [( z9 ?& E9 g; y 187. Seizure of assets
: ~% Y/ e* s) L& ] 188. Dumping
0 }& w- C/ R, N 189. Selective patronage0 k$ f$ \+ j- p6 J9 Q/ p! ]' o5 ? Y# H
190. Alternative markets
) F: q8 |+ o( |& ~0 f9 I 191. Alternative transportation systems8 B- }8 ~9 I) f1 T6 L
192. Alternative economic institutions
( X& V- J/ ^8 H) p$ ?; J' }5 s0 M, H
Political Intervention
- \* R% h: R0 y 193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 ]7 n' r H7 s. h. S 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- F" k. ^9 O: K) M7 m 195. Seeking imprisonment @7 y, b& {$ W, D: l
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) ~" G( K: O4 L4 U! k, X
197. Work-on without collaboration- O, P4 ` u; N! q0 w8 X8 B9 n
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
) f! ~& Q. [5 @2 m3 ?" [$ U
0 |8 M4 J% k6 x! x* w6 E |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
