 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ z: l! d0 a8 F) Y& T& c9 z+ IFormal Statements
3 H4 Z U+ c3 v( P 1. Public Speeches
8 O/ O ]( k" L2 W/ ] 2. Letters of opposition or support0 L* X( J: \9 ~! d3 E4 T0 S
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
- k2 z$ w$ {, v0 I1 z8 W; i) s* p7 \ 4. Signed public statements
' s' |3 \! T4 r! L0 m 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
* ]2 n. k4 y, g4 h 6. Group or mass petitions. b3 \- s: x2 R- T
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Communications with a Wider Audience
0 s! Z* T. F/ t2 b* A 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ f, b+ M9 Y, s0 |- i' X F# T2 ` 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 S, `7 r: H% ]8 n" X 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% b3 h8 X2 @1 `6 S
10. Newspapers and journals
' z8 K9 r8 y* a8 g- k0 V$ V 11. Records, radio, and television( _# c4 j/ Q: m1 {* Z' D0 g+ d1 X
12. Skywriting and earthwriting( s! h8 s- J7 ~
4 h) w. f0 Z% r) mGroup Representations3 A& T2 [" A# N0 I H7 S$ H
13. Deputations7 g; b1 }& e% m2 `! u
14. Mock awards
$ f( c) O5 [0 `7 V/ N# X 15. Group lobbying' y* p+ R8 a. o& z4 ^# `8 d/ L
16. Picketing
& V+ v. c, R) f P2 W" F. J, Z 17. Mock elections: ~) d5 J7 `. s6 q0 N! G
* R8 |& |' [$ d4 Q. OSymbolic Public Acts4 U1 I% J, S9 Y0 k/ m. y# P
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 l' y' k2 z* Y2 U$ ^
19. Wearing of symbols9 L: g+ _: |+ O% J
20. Prayer and worship
( \4 v- o# {1 D/ y% J9 h/ i# c 21. Delivering symbolic objects, `1 ]& D6 T& v/ E# H: A
22. Protest disrobings
, k6 A3 d8 L0 h8 i+ ~ 23. Destruction of own property+ i5 _/ A1 _% H. c2 O
24. Symbolic lights
# b! J( y' [$ g+ z 25. Displays of portraits: Q- Q6 ?( A1 v: d% R
26. Paint as protest8 m4 i8 B( u6 s) [
27. New signs and names/ ?" t! J% L% x+ G: F8 b
28. Symbolic sounds
; p! f5 j+ B) V' F: \. ] 29. Symbolic reclamations6 a4 O0 L" P: r' h" g% T5 U
30. Rude gestures+ B' F# J& ~, J* b# V0 T0 t
8 {( V$ D$ \$ {( I6 oPressures on Individuals
. @' C6 @" }' R+ Z3 q/ \ 31. “Haunting” officials
, t- ]# x8 R: Z/ V+ G3 j6 M 32. Taunting officials
/ i% |) X/ H, l4 d0 B 33. Fraternization. K1 P/ s3 }* N0 f) t/ g
34. Vigils
3 \6 F; A! _% V. G! j x& K# v# F! t% }6 Z, J) G# }' T
Drama and Music
3 g3 u5 U7 ]: T5 ] 35. Humorous skits and pranks
( Q& V% [4 w; o( _9 i 36. Performances of plays and music3 V: {6 k8 ^2 M4 o% Q- k6 H
37. Singing8 H) l0 i+ {( b6 V& o: M. l" H
/ c* a# s; W b; C PProcessions0 G$ f6 ]; U, {0 D( i) r& g3 [
38. Marches
9 {8 ]+ U6 B8 B! {* g9 A+ E 39. Parades
! ^1 \" O2 \ W5 S3 D 40. Religious processions
+ g+ O. f/ t& n 41. Pilgrimages6 @0 \0 R" \2 m: Y
42. Motorcades% K4 f+ t4 O, E2 C4 k
2 f9 _8 }4 i6 J' mHonoring the Dead, S. O# k* ~; H
43. Political mourning/ f; R+ o5 z2 o( ^3 M
44. Mock funerals. i- K2 u( h4 i* m1 ~
45. Demonstrative funerals# E# X$ {' p7 `8 \, I; y: X1 q
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies* k: @, ~3 I4 I1 ]8 _0 _, N: w F* O
47. Assemblies of protest or support
O. \$ u) t0 l/ r" i' e( ~* f5 W { 48. Protest meetings4 N: _4 Z$ y3 @0 P8 ^
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ W) N2 Z ~' [5 c5 X 50. Teach-ins- Q, Z& W8 x9 q9 c* r
4 t C/ d1 C) r5 o0 GWithdrawal and Renunciation
# x1 ?1 I/ B' o7 \ 51. Walk-outs& M9 ?6 o6 j5 ~" z( u& G
52. Silence& _) c. B1 u* y/ t2 ^
53. Renouncing honors
1 o1 O* `7 V1 X0 _0 x, Y 54. Turning one’s back
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2 k# q4 s% N8 H8 @' O& {. W) q! T N- }# |! G
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 I) G. M' `) @7 h3 t/ d7 t. F1 T( A, f. t3 {! w0 m
Ostracism of Persons
- u5 ^- T6 w$ u* p 55. Social boycott+ i4 X k5 i# v5 e ]$ q6 l
56. Selective social boycott
$ H Q# ?2 y7 G" q. r. Z 57. Lysistratic nonaction( K0 I1 h% N. m" ?- j& w: X2 B
58. Excommunication
9 v: ?% z2 z1 l- l& o 59. Interdict
+ V5 w9 Z n$ [0 _- f% P7 C# D6 q7 j
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ _) M8 L! k! ^+ W9 G* F 60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ C2 y8 C; M8 V& n9 ?0 W
61. Boycott of social affairs/ U4 h, A% w* o8 B# H, f4 H
62. Student strike1 f" Z2 K& o, X: H' _1 M! i$ q/ v
63. Social disobedience
! P- J* l3 u1 u% D) q 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 C' _: q6 J& ^9 m5 E$ n
1 y, L' f! _, T1 X( S' pWithdrawal from the Social System
6 q9 J- L+ P+ e4 t+ X 65. Stay-at-home+ p A6 _2 u! O3 M5 p8 H+ Z7 G
66. Total personal noncooperation
/ u) d: N3 w8 A5 A- ^ K. t 67. “Flight” of workers
0 U4 D! B ~ U0 M) n" g5 a 68. Sanctuary
8 i$ P5 B, u z2 W- a3 Y 69. Collective disappearance
; m) j6 L) q# U& r* q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& X) T6 e3 ?0 W- b; v
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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% t% `4 T: h# e0 B# hActions by Consumers4 s8 l# L) r" N2 o$ z% `. A; ]
71. Consumers’ boycott' |* A9 J* u( x0 y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, H1 `' f4 z1 k4 Y4 @
73. Policy of austerity
, \9 o. a9 s, h; O 74. Rent withholding6 A. I: F2 B+ I6 N% N
75. Refusal to rent; M4 w7 X+ I8 I
76. National consumers’ boycott3 L$ X3 I3 }, g9 B- i9 ?9 U
77. International consumers’ boycott0 t+ i3 ]4 d- b; r7 @7 N3 n8 y
2 i7 p0 K9 q3 e3 D: ]1 [Action by Workers and Producers
; k" C( f2 Y1 ?: Y2 X0 ~' C 78. Workmen’s boycott z# `1 Q/ u( R& h6 z6 v
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen% x5 F/ U$ S* i% k5 Z
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! b( A) t/ N$ `: w' K# z
2 ]0 J T4 D7 e. u3 mAction by Owners and Management
, g/ W! b1 V# @ 81. Traders’ boycott
% K/ [- `, a% j$ c% Z 82. Refusal to let or sell property
& n( _; |2 |- _) i' V7 u) c 83. Lockout
2 u ~' N) v0 [; {3 K0 u7 f% t 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
" _: ~: x2 A+ V$ r( S. g 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 A/ K. V* o4 \) C% ^
% P4 X. I) t2 f vAction by Holders of Financial Resources
( W" ^7 m4 ^3 Q* a9 | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" y6 {2 Q" g% r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" h) n! g3 A+ @2 m! V
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: c7 z2 h) m/ U( K- u/ K1 e
89. Severance of funds and credit
|+ ~2 _' s, d* ] 90. Revenue refusal' A/ I6 Q7 g) C& w! r' j
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments' v. \+ U" {/ x3 q( C0 G
92. Domestic embargo7 B% E5 m8 E3 _
93. Blacklisting of traders" H4 X* x+ V+ n* ^
94. International sellers’ embargo7 u$ o b( e2 H" T
95. International buyers’ embargo
" @; G9 J% U4 x6 u" g9 i 96. International trade embargo
7 _' C& W/ @% x R& t
) u: e' f1 H e7 G8 J5 X. p0 m I 0 H2 B3 X/ \" D0 O3 e" N# Q6 V
9 e' F7 ]) v- s: X& A/ h8 U/ q5 v% ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: G; m8 V5 F1 {) Y, C! o% R" g( [
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# b! x$ R8 U' s$ o* B4 u8 LSymbolic Strikes6 s% Z h: y% c8 Z
97. Protest strike- P4 _! X2 R1 a* v" p% G& p" y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! u3 `$ @" N x2 t( c' ?
& ?) n6 o0 w1 ~" n, eAgricultural Strikes
3 j) _0 j2 x) m2 l \( M8 W0 d 99. Peasant strike+ G3 C% h6 G1 f9 g1 z
100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 v3 k* U. c2 `1 }0 ?
# O8 R3 z8 s" V: B7 sStrikes by Special Groups
' F {" M5 ~ B9 @+ g1 \3 h 101. Refusal of impressed labor4 m; ~$ O1 x% n3 S$ m6 Q
102. Prisoners’ strike, I' X( {. s2 E% s
103. Craft strike& I4 v* a/ N; Z" ^, D
104. Professional strike& R" }, T1 |8 h3 g9 }
9 _* b6 i/ x: \- {9 BOrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ ]/ C4 h5 `* G" g6 m 105. Establishment strike
1 l1 `; F3 d/ T. o( v1 S8 M 106. Industry strike
* m' n% B5 c) c 107. Sympathetic strike
6 }% Q; e- l3 }/ E2 U9 D1 n" N( L, R5 m9 D+ N- }$ T$ H
Restricted Strikes
+ Q. O0 d6 I' |9 t 108. Detailed strike
' q9 e6 J A% A$ E5 @- } 109. Bumper strike
) u* ]; }$ u8 G& A b! `) x7 J( }/ \ 110. Slowdown strike& _! S, a4 M! u1 J8 d
111. Working-to-rule strike
) Q) [# j1 `/ ^; {- ^* @ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 Y* d, |. B; u6 h 113. Strike by resignation
8 a( W, v* u5 j) j 114. Limited strike
9 b/ U* {, F/ T 115. Selective strike: c: e+ `$ e9 U( F8 L: [
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Multi-Industry Strikes
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& |6 ` L+ h2 |4 b$ \ 116. Generalized strike
- K, V: `) ]9 B% B2 v' Z% e5 @' S2 p2 B d
" t& S( V8 j( }1 ^1 j1 s 117. General strike( u' n6 f( I" E S: b) @* U
" y, Y9 a% Q: x9 LCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
H% ^3 n2 D. t9 e1 A4 g" _4 ?3 s: Y4 j! E( x2 _6 Z
119. Economic shutdown) ?) p7 C+ {2 w# k
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 L# n! C7 H1 p; oRejection of Authority( V/ r' N' O7 n
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! Z& e" V, N# }6 A3 h4 r$ ?8 w1 n 121. Refusal of public support
& u+ O* }, I3 l2 R0 } 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 n! s/ j2 O$ v/ \4 |, |6 `) D
5 ]; Q/ d. V7 t# MCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" ^, l% o# _3 a& c 123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 `3 i& V d# O. Y. D5 f' x3 f
124. Boycott of elections8 z; ~0 L3 t# \9 Q: T5 b1 E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 m* S" B9 O% R9 j 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- E# i$ ]+ K }' k7 G/ E 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 s) E( K8 R: c- p) a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, t/ f0 W: k, q0 ?) e 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
8 c+ ~# Z( `' B* k0 k. N 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( t: C1 G2 M: q j1 T. G9 H }5 N 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! ? ?- O; e) @1 E0 I
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 e, R; |7 n/ |& u- ^% i" e
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ ] _ h& j+ P: S/ W- j- K
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, B1 D# m. B5 [4 {, ]8 C 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 k- y- I% b5 C) u/ ^' @4 t4 ]+ f
135. Popular nonobedience
$ w- N% Y" B6 Y4 S 136. Disguised disobedience3 ^, F4 F3 Q3 c, S0 _0 s
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# J | P; d2 P( C% Z$ `! F8 S5 F 138. Sitdown s* Y2 \1 C5 E& F$ ~% I
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, h. z1 p1 s# e! @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ G2 K& U+ w/ t3 x, J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 J% M5 x; F' `: ? J- \) H3 S' C. @) m" l1 N4 x& v; d' |
Action by Government Personnel* N# w) m) ?: x* x9 I8 @! i8 ^
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' O4 P& G/ Q) D4 e* u# s R3 A 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. ?' @" [8 d7 z 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 H" N3 K$ b6 t 145. General administrative noncooperation* W7 M. J. j# O" X
3 ]& f' z! i+ Y1 y# B( @$ l
146. Judicial noncooperation
, Y) N- j' u W2 o5 a4 b 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! F) Q$ j$ w2 p; p4 |
148. Mutiny! b7 u: B3 R8 M- f" s" p% r
Domestic Governmental Action
. t% [; f2 l" D, _7 w- `( Q9 B. B; I 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* m3 ]1 i0 U4 n; n. T' N) A
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 }5 g% @, ]# H% b# c9 j# t! A! J, a7 B. `% j
International Governmental Action# V; ~; I4 \) v; b5 W2 b3 ^
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 k3 v4 p/ ]1 O! H" ~) r2 P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
0 G5 ^) N5 y ^: {6 w* s" B F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: N$ W0 C5 J, u 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& n x4 a6 B( A, B( T5 i9 L 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: ^/ X' }9 `4 d- J 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies e/ H0 q% i) L1 _0 K/ K7 n. Q$ U
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ m* t p) z3 Z5 _
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Psychological Intervention
- C* E/ g" {" p9 l 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 L/ z" p4 o% X 159. The fast
; Q( t- L6 ]/ d: V$ B a) Fast of moral pressure
, o) M& q' `# i b) Hunger strike& Z1 h( J' _ N) X
c) Satyagrahic fast
# ]; G- @& Y% z% H3 B4 T9 R 160. Reverse trial' o# ?( t! s9 s; }" y8 C6 J
161. Nonviolent harassment3 J0 ~8 n u+ n0 I' y! C% ^# T
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Physical Intervention
& @- G6 O: j& v0 j 162. Sit-in
0 z; `0 s6 d) j 163. Stand-in
* ~# z7 m+ h9 x' y' |: b 164. Ride-in$ N2 N& T. D( }
165. Wade-in* p3 C* w0 M O1 G" u8 h* B1 v: r
166. Mill-in
7 l0 a2 k" z+ W; d- K/ | 167. Pray-in& X+ H' E/ c7 y
168. Nonviolent raids9 n" T7 V; i. V, B5 \. Y
169. Nonviolent air raids
4 e" q9 F: H/ L' z4 P" l 170. Nonviolent invasion
; _5 _) Q {# d 171. Nonviolent interjection, ^, t S8 y4 a) {
172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 l3 i1 ~! O: e- G* x9 S 173. Nonviolent occupation7 ^$ n, ~, _+ }( D
2 m% p* r0 @/ z( tSocial Intervention
3 O L! j7 G6 m2 i! ?* L 174. Establishing new social patterns) W8 m) s1 ~' `" }4 L! S$ k& {: z8 \
175. Overloading of facilities0 \& S9 k0 b" `7 G
176. Stall-in+ _9 a! N! K) K
177. Speak-in
! ~$ B9 l5 s F5 y 178. Guerrilla theater0 S. A2 U" Q, W4 v: z
179. Alternative social institutions3 ?1 y; P3 N) ?
180. Alternative communication system: }) F; g& X5 a5 b( R7 Z u7 q5 U
5 P/ a( u+ t5 SEconomic Intervention, z+ c2 @/ b4 }: t
181. Reverse strike
% f9 e, `% f2 } 182. Stay-in strike
( ~7 d' s5 k7 j+ g2 K! H) f. v: C& d 183. Nonviolent land seizure" H# C' P3 @, k' J; l {
184. Defiance of blockades4 N' C! H; _ q" Z
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, m6 b/ v+ G- s5 I
186. Preclusive purchasing3 s/ I/ p! Q' _
187. Seizure of assets
2 D0 Z# g$ @# ]9 d/ y/ W; Z 188. Dumping# L }0 k9 g8 d2 L
189. Selective patronage
# c0 Z) C( {4 P( ? 190. Alternative markets
' Z. q$ Y# K- w- s 191. Alternative transportation systems
" {9 b* k6 T0 S, w3 Z0 S 192. Alternative economic institutions
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& ~7 H# [& `5 p3 e$ ~' QPolitical Intervention% c- n t! X5 t& a5 B
193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 M5 N* S2 a2 X, L9 h 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* c% D0 S! u ]% } 195. Seeking imprisonment
* k( z) ~4 U1 V. H( O6 C 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 k9 f# j$ A& m; H 197. Work-on without collaboration5 J2 F+ K- e! I
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# U# ~& Y3 V+ e4 r' L
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
