 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( p' ]5 X2 j1 ^- zFormal Statements
. h |6 l y! y/ i 1. Public Speeches( G* u8 L6 R) d
2. Letters of opposition or support$ K4 e& }& @! A) \! _% r
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 Y j: q+ b- E8 J3 ] 4. Signed public statements# J: D! _, f' L6 y \4 y1 F
5. Declarations of indictment and intention: c/ L5 ^; d7 S# R$ c% m3 e6 F
6. Group or mass petitions& i0 Q' Y0 j" v3 W% {
" ~7 V: C4 ~+ U$ a. n
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ [+ J. i( w7 L- w* J" m 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols! [$ Z! Q9 A/ _! v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" }+ Y- N+ {- t3 h. q4 k$ T# r! o 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' K; t' C0 ~1 c 10. Newspapers and journals
7 d! U9 ^8 }6 X( j4 R: W 11. Records, radio, and television
3 d9 T) r( w f' S' H$ R 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 p$ w5 G6 O6 C& d1 |& s2 N5 z9 y2 E; u9 W( V0 Y k+ j" N
Group Representations
, A/ }) p; D9 j$ F8 [ 13. Deputations4 q7 D" X0 e$ Q! G
14. Mock awards+ u" v- C5 V: p
15. Group lobbying0 w2 a7 u- i" [3 v0 M7 t( L7 G1 A' v
16. Picketing1 {, l& h! C- D/ {( J
17. Mock elections
1 i& S$ M9 I7 g& v2 X2 w2 v% b* j8 ]
# A8 C; O3 N4 MSymbolic Public Acts( l6 H8 z1 q z5 U, J/ e& n
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( j$ S. ^. w9 [" _; y$ Y
19. Wearing of symbols1 a6 Z. N1 t6 w1 w1 C& e
20. Prayer and worship* m- ^' h2 N1 E1 o+ h/ A
21. Delivering symbolic objects
% S( x3 @& z4 @ 22. Protest disrobings
0 I& H% Z1 S& n# d 23. Destruction of own property6 q" V1 V# O& [3 L6 n; m, z; L6 m# ]* `
24. Symbolic lights0 W: m3 h# \8 ^/ C& e
25. Displays of portraits
; @/ F# T7 F$ O, m6 B2 b- s 26. Paint as protest
& M: S% S8 [6 U; E5 l( f5 c6 B 27. New signs and names% M. n& C7 ~! L$ ~9 T0 \& V
28. Symbolic sounds/ X* |3 e4 [1 J; P: e% E
29. Symbolic reclamations% L: m' s+ h5 q. M3 [" u& U
30. Rude gestures
! F! a# a3 i. T4 m- r' a. m' @; r
, a) _5 v% N2 j" @: ^ uPressures on Individuals
6 ~- F! {' B: ?; L/ d- Z; T- _ 31. “Haunting” officials* j3 m# |$ K1 l2 W9 w
32. Taunting officials
" s0 A! B1 v& J; L 33. Fraternization0 X: T) t0 X# r" H' p% Q
34. Vigils( m; R3 |) o6 z6 T
4 U! w. _# K. P
Drama and Music7 K! E+ z+ c/ P1 t! y2 |; n5 Q
35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 w1 g! ^! y; o8 ~6 \1 B3 Z2 w+ e 36. Performances of plays and music
! F- q u7 o' S8 n1 A 37. Singing
+ z, p' |* Y- {+ N2 Y2 ~+ p
3 _' I" h3 r6 E1 S1 [+ N) W/ @ f8 F: ~Processions' J+ d$ ~% b2 l i# @. t8 P
38. Marches
2 ^% V$ v1 B1 k# r- S 39. Parades
7 W6 a/ b+ k( N" @ 40. Religious processions
5 j; b0 G( Y4 s4 R& [5 ?" e; r 41. Pilgrimages
' ?: V) S3 o5 q3 m' v, @! ` 42. Motorcades
' V! T$ ?! q% y* E9 T* |" c# u
0 O4 ?* `, c p- H; ^Honoring the Dead
5 K- F5 t' c8 F2 i% } 43. Political mourning
; \! X# e# R" B$ s, e. N8 K6 { 44. Mock funerals
4 K+ {% P$ q7 i0 y8 t1 c) c. o 45. Demonstrative funerals% }/ L5 k7 T1 R3 D
46. Homage at burial places
! A( E, ^- J0 i% S8 T! `
' u& Y& Y$ @# ^Public Assemblies
7 S, Q9 ^1 g& k/ B3 P 47. Assemblies of protest or support" A% ?" z5 F7 O0 s0 n% I
48. Protest meetings( w+ u# n; o, I9 ^0 d2 R# v+ b* n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 _: v; v4 ]3 J3 \9 u) r8 {* ^- d0 Z 50. Teach-ins6 t- e! T5 {) X* j6 W* Y- p
; U Q% y! s& b% ]+ f
Withdrawal and Renunciation
- c9 ^6 I0 Y' a 51. Walk-outs: ?/ x% X. @: j
52. Silence: E& |% V6 ]( d ]
53. Renouncing honors
; ^9 y. U6 k. q6 G+ T- a) [ 54. Turning one’s back- \9 r# a# Y$ U
6 Q( c0 a4 B6 A$ \ z3 T! o
9 b6 n. `' ]4 H/ n5 V$ A
; M9 `9 W7 F$ k/ STHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& g8 y+ y! Z3 ]4 K- d. K
) ]7 ]" O( ?2 H" ^2 K8 _& F ! O4 m. r1 E+ R5 o- {
- `) k1 q! I4 ~Ostracism of Persons0 ]; L9 q6 a+ c" M- H. L5 v
55. Social boycott
# z1 `6 T1 J: a8 l7 t 56. Selective social boycott% c: J- |, `( d+ R4 w
57. Lysistratic nonaction% Q/ F& h( D3 E
58. Excommunication ~ I( [/ D7 Y) }- b
59. Interdict6 Q. I% h: D% b
+ B5 e6 V% Z( c& u' y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; H8 M/ b+ w2 ]0 j& F9 ] 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' `( n) f0 j4 A( h% b% u @; H
61. Boycott of social affairs7 z5 M. P8 g( N9 [& V/ @
62. Student strike, M0 z+ e0 }! a4 |; t. ?8 S6 M
63. Social disobedience* J' |! C+ C0 H# J8 P; k, b# a2 [
64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 u+ C1 n9 S# G$ R
3 H: J7 ~1 m% W# i1 X, J; J+ K
Withdrawal from the Social System
o3 _4 Y8 r# s) Y+ h+ {, X8 } 65. Stay-at-home
[% V2 e6 M- v1 ?! s" `" K0 L 66. Total personal noncooperation
8 W9 I$ D1 q2 d, H" W/ }. A 67. “Flight” of workers8 d [9 v/ M. G: p
68. Sanctuary
8 N, i! r3 v) S, {* B6 X 69. Collective disappearance) q* B+ W# B5 x J
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- G" [1 E- ~! {& ]/ z6 o+ @9 [: D
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
. n3 Z& S/ w, E! X: Y$ z5 _ U. P0 T
+ X2 f# K# u0 T2 }$ tActions by Consumers
& b3 A* v3 F5 c& S2 }3 A9 _ O/ b! e 71. Consumers’ boycott$ V( K& p! [2 |3 l7 ~
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# s( {7 q& {9 j* A 73. Policy of austerity
1 N* v; A. v! J+ `* o; H 74. Rent withholding
; b( u' b! B& J, n+ G 75. Refusal to rent
) V6 H9 m0 |: b 76. National consumers’ boycott
. g8 B7 i, E8 \1 u' ? 77. International consumers’ boycott
& {( M4 ^) f4 _1 n% A: Z- Y2 v, B
Action by Workers and Producers
, @% c6 z: q2 S, l/ F8 o8 j* q& h 78. Workmen’s boycott
7 v( c& Y# b) Q3 W: r 79. Producers’ boycott) L8 H+ Y# T- a7 {& n0 @ }
- }% R0 o: F2 W% [6 c3 \. T0 aAction by Middlemen
+ J2 N0 ?* `4 B1 Z9 w9 f; I3 d' F 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 i5 S% T! [: A. K
' E' n5 }( b) V3 g3 R. o3 {: t, fAction by Owners and Management& u: M8 n/ M [3 p+ N4 Y" A, r
81. Traders’ boycott) k2 u' m: s6 n- R1 l# B v
82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 s) X* |$ y- L2 ?2 j& `) C 83. Lockout
( ~0 q- c/ C7 z7 d; u; O 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; w. k2 B' ?& j9 ~% Z \; e
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# ]" ], S9 b# }
- _1 p# ]2 ~; Y7 E2 hAction by Holders of Financial Resources. h# A6 V- c7 t4 z" v. f
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( R' ?9 T5 _; m- ?7 ^5 r! v6 v
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ U7 W4 }' }1 \9 Q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; @7 C% X" b3 I; n8 {) \ Z2 Z0 ~8 b
89. Severance of funds and credit
' Q1 D4 S0 Y9 X9 e j 90. Revenue refusal! A, \+ l- D* A8 G4 T3 m9 U I
91. Refusal of a government’s money" T8 c6 K; @) d6 B: T
, w$ |& R c- m. G! ]Action by Governments
. e* ]- g8 f3 F, e 92. Domestic embargo' E# S( H) ^( _+ x) N
93. Blacklisting of traders
' o' h' Y9 N$ J0 G& [3 i 94. International sellers’ embargo
- Q9 |& x5 C' u7 W( h 95. International buyers’ embargo; ]* x: y/ D* o( r
96. International trade embargo
+ t! s! Y, \8 L0 W3 J4 e3 k: Y# D
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, r5 Y8 ^' ]0 ~! C! n( C6 bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
6 i; {' g- y |: Z0 W1 A. y& k6 X/ y" m7 l( l' F8 y
1 q5 X: y0 K. t1 e7 |6 {- R5 M& G8 v; k
Symbolic Strikes9 x" V' i; y. n+ h$ P4 `
97. Protest strike
7 w; O2 d# W: ]; m 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 \1 e5 T- a9 O5 l. Z Y* G
( j, V% c8 b* s% NAgricultural Strikes, W- t# K6 X5 j5 q" V% x3 k
99. Peasant strike% t5 O/ ?% s; A( i) y
100. Farm Workers’ strike2 O4 V4 t$ z2 c l9 h
$ y2 l4 ]: M% ?Strikes by Special Groups
7 G5 I4 s' J) J" Z1 A; w; C 101. Refusal of impressed labor* ^" T; b' F1 f7 Q% n! B& c
102. Prisoners’ strike2 Z: G! R- H, V
103. Craft strike
1 W$ S4 `5 y) u/ ?, h3 L# V' ^ 104. Professional strike
" L9 H( N$ \8 ]+ |: T' |! y! ~( D0 s+ e2 c
Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 f) V' u8 d6 b% b- D6 K
105. Establishment strike2 j, S( N+ H3 g/ U- V5 B# P6 t8 C
106. Industry strike
5 m% L4 |7 l& a5 O 107. Sympathetic strike( t* q1 T# z }1 q8 U1 s
& I |# g$ D% q6 p; l: @% l
Restricted Strikes$ ?3 \+ \8 q% j' ^+ V9 D2 {
108. Detailed strike
* D/ j" E: [0 t' R9 u- s; Z' j; X 109. Bumper strike
: i; y% {' M% k% Y, t6 x 110. Slowdown strike8 G! ?8 |0 F6 x) {
111. Working-to-rule strike
0 p/ i+ e" F1 M7 I+ k4 e 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& J1 S4 A$ G7 @$ Q 113. Strike by resignation4 k& o7 r- e; y. L7 S
114. Limited strike, H( I( q' U- t: q* I1 D
115. Selective strike5 D% X6 n V* j
% ]0 J: f+ F) `Multi-Industry Strikes3 _3 T- ~5 J" K6 j& L9 Z
6 _3 ?6 H x' G1 X: Y: _# P
116. Generalized strike
2 q1 D, }+ R9 S# c' g( x2 g7 }6 r& V! S, ?: E' W5 h, H
117. General strike
8 F# J& t* j2 X2 m
$ E; b7 Z' g3 T Q5 z/ nCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* n$ k4 S2 Q& \1 C& d/ ~
0 O2 i8 a3 _) A6 i( \1 a% \ 118. Hartal5 R( }% \' y' S' ~2 w3 Q2 k
5 H7 c: f1 I2 d) A3 j+ P3 q 119. Economic shutdown! j, P6 e$ A ~" U
, L6 |% } c# f/ g) ?8 @
& E1 I9 H1 p8 J" n( w5 Y- _2 t, f5 |% V* ^! x
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
3 A3 @/ T' E; l5 _+ k
, f0 |. [- I/ S# n; o' F; o& N
2 ^7 e; J* }1 M4 o' FRejection of Authority1 P: T1 g8 O2 J# x% E
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' E, {5 f" y3 l. I' E 121. Refusal of public support
8 B! W% B3 S, F 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; e2 O/ S2 S3 _' w6 e# h
9 ~# }' `4 H8 i2 DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 W+ |0 Y9 }4 u7 T, k 123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 K" ^! q4 i. `' t
124. Boycott of elections
* f/ Q' P; ?8 _1 O8 u 125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 O5 g) a0 U& d/ q+ m
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* d* _/ y( N. {- u% y0 j8 g8 i 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& _6 H0 H8 z; N0 h( Y+ S+ K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 u' j) F1 O' R" j0 `, h 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; @4 Z4 ?; n; `# E
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. O4 G* P- x1 R) ?0 A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- s, W, h2 w+ I8 ^* a, a6 S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 @+ s: f; b" Y' x
# M( h: V. M% iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! g; k* |! L4 Q" h* X
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 O& Z. K0 y+ s, K
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 q: j. G! o* ]% ]) Z2 T0 m9 Y, r
135. Popular nonobedience
+ G8 F* v" g+ \3 V$ Z- p. { 136. Disguised disobedience' W. `6 e9 f6 x, u7 S
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 t% r1 V+ _& V" x 138. Sitdown% N* S8 b6 G+ q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 i3 w+ x9 l! K, Z6 u
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: o; i4 O% z. n% D( S" A9 T" X 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 `' W4 n9 L* c
! y, H9 G5 u5 l) j* R+ d% v
Action by Government Personnel3 r& G1 J$ ?1 N. r) D! v
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 w7 W( G3 d9 |; L 143. Blocking of lines of command and information Q4 D6 X) a6 Q
144. Stalling and obstruction
% l, Y* F T$ W. E 145. General administrative noncooperation
# Q5 _: ]$ }3 h6 `* f C; I# M1 H8 k8 b: Z% f2 |
146. Judicial noncooperation8 q: j: C4 V2 F
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( \2 ]8 I( m+ Y3 c9 w4 G* |/ H
148. Mutiny0 v3 @- E# C# e& s
Domestic Governmental Action
6 }2 N2 R$ s" }( Q' l& }8 I4 u( n 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! A3 Y: ]; A9 C$ P0 M! b9 J) v' P! N 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. Y! Q9 f5 r0 N6 M) n
6 y3 q% O! Y0 C: N5 a0 `# vInternational Governmental Action2 L4 j0 D4 e1 N0 b3 j4 o
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- S4 f' X2 b6 c$ j 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 n2 G% I7 ~1 H8 A0 c% P' ] 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; I6 d: E% v/ y" W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 j% ]; R; P6 n5 T0 y7 [3 a
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" D+ d) U+ f1 J! O$ {; t5 ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 i `% e' T0 }0 A2 w 157. Expulsion from international organizations& A- j$ @+ Y" o/ E3 o
( z. A3 O5 L9 z: T
6 T X- b; H! V; x# \% i. M( ?4 p6 I1 W5 `; l4 w
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 f, A$ N0 [4 v3 \$ E/ T
' [' Y1 P* ^9 M1 r
% M( V* H0 r4 B2 Q. H# ^Psychological Intervention, c P+ Z- J$ L+ I2 p& a
158. Self-exposure to the elements
, h, w- l1 {* j+ h! `5 e% R 159. The fast
; L* r/ _& M* L k; m a) Fast of moral pressure
. r/ v% [6 l" O; V. b% H b) Hunger strike
5 S- j$ |! ?7 z c) Satyagrahic fast
& n# f1 P$ M5 r8 N 160. Reverse trial6 ?! ^" \* E4 L7 ?1 U2 P* C/ g
161. Nonviolent harassment8 z! l: k% u! s, P4 H
& L1 d/ J3 O" y$ h: RPhysical Intervention
5 F S( p4 A Q' A 162. Sit-in
) h+ P/ C( c& j 163. Stand-in8 @/ N( e% }" v' g" I
164. Ride-in) C7 Q, b4 v' H: M, P
165. Wade-in
, o1 n$ ?/ R% ^. g/ F/ u 166. Mill-in
/ \! X. y7 _1 S x& F" b 167. Pray-in9 Y' a) Y- D9 e, N# ~* |$ @* S, Z
168. Nonviolent raids
, @0 G1 F* g" v# `& s6 g 169. Nonviolent air raids
, X D! g! d) ?2 g 170. Nonviolent invasion- U! ]) }: \) C
171. Nonviolent interjection* t ^$ Q G ]- ^0 ?
172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ g: d/ {1 Q5 y' T, D 173. Nonviolent occupation/ p* I& N) X; Q: }+ \
; k1 e/ B: t; A+ {0 R6 N \5 ]; j$ OSocial Intervention
6 x; }8 [1 }8 s- b. w# u& `1 \ 174. Establishing new social patterns* d* r3 H+ a! `& h- F1 _5 E- m
175. Overloading of facilities
, Z; F! q' S5 X6 U, P/ n9 w+ p 176. Stall-in- r2 E2 ?8 k3 K4 t, B
177. Speak-in
6 W- T; i; Z* l0 R+ t 178. Guerrilla theater1 x) u) U: y& w$ {' M
179. Alternative social institutions
, ~$ F }! b9 s# p 180. Alternative communication system
+ x# P2 H+ D6 S0 W
1 \, b2 n5 [. l& oEconomic Intervention
4 Q! D9 U3 I! l. W* d 181. Reverse strike5 z* f- _- I( x
182. Stay-in strike }# }: @* ^. g3 k/ Y+ U* }6 D1 G" i
183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 n7 ^" W3 `4 t6 y 184. Defiance of blockades% w/ q3 E0 f" F3 D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 ?1 B, q; G0 u' n; K1 Z! M, E( [' N 186. Preclusive purchasing
( H/ U# O( m6 U" u6 ] 187. Seizure of assets
6 `+ Y6 a& ~6 e& d+ g 188. Dumping
4 s9 `4 l; h" o9 b 189. Selective patronage. T$ e. V$ o5 r& s
190. Alternative markets2 P( d6 k K$ k5 s% b' T0 T
191. Alternative transportation systems
, J' q) r, l4 Q* I1 l 192. Alternative economic institutions3 D/ ]& U8 G# |2 N. `$ C% D8 c: G) `
* ]1 x. a& O. s f+ e! y. r6 OPolitical Intervention$ ^+ G' j% D" R: z4 w. o
193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 Y4 N! ~4 Q" U2 H/ y( z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# s4 Q. P7 u7 q
195. Seeking imprisonment: e9 ^# K( l8 J5 i% M
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' W1 x/ X$ ^7 v1 W
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 j$ y. z. t- o( J 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% D0 }2 Z6 W$ G8 Z! J1 H6 N: e
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
