 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. v9 M7 F, m! q. }5 Q7 {Formal Statements
5 y: a$ e1 V, N. F) S9 P: a H: g, j 1. Public Speeches
5 E7 @2 c- F" V( u, |1 B/ H 2. Letters of opposition or support
( X$ h. @' s" h N/ N% g c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
) z( M( E8 L% r2 i, K 4. Signed public statements; y6 d$ G- }- I6 G( Y* t$ } @; O
5. Declarations of indictment and intention- t$ b5 V- W! e1 u% X7 r
6. Group or mass petitions
, D5 {2 i6 B# |
: E8 G3 w4 s @# A, LCommunications with a Wider Audience7 B: [; V. h Y- w7 D; a" Q H5 L) e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 S; A# F$ g) b3 x. r g3 Z) M; o 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 h/ E, Z2 Y5 _1 [- ?* I 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ H) `% e* |1 n" ?% I; H! S9 s' _
10. Newspapers and journals& {; X5 y. d6 X! t9 F
11. Records, radio, and television
) W+ o+ \0 ^, d1 a) m 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ X9 C( \8 W" X
' G7 h$ w1 l9 s2 h$ k3 tGroup Representations# P, f: B+ r1 i: Q
13. Deputations
& V9 I& ]6 q% j 14. Mock awards
( |, B+ k) B! h3 [5 F' W 15. Group lobbying
$ Z! Z! @- f- W, `. p7 S 16. Picketing
0 e A9 E; F D# t 17. Mock elections, U. k4 S4 Y, L) `& H. `5 [
7 x A" O( f0 A( o1 z
Symbolic Public Acts
3 t% o( d4 P4 C 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" ?( J( _, j6 {; a+ }2 |
19. Wearing of symbols
' p. C) s% [( n/ p7 X% ~5 N' s- S, F! R 20. Prayer and worship
O1 r" v: S2 H; n( p 21. Delivering symbolic objects) K v' h: r, K+ d' i" ~
22. Protest disrobings; _9 M9 B- H5 c
23. Destruction of own property
9 X- Q: J8 r! J. l4 F& q- m2 G 24. Symbolic lights/ P! u Y, b/ v1 K+ {
25. Displays of portraits
Y4 W, [: e$ W' q( F 26. Paint as protest
* d" e! N1 L$ r6 \ 27. New signs and names; q) Z( ]: N2 O5 T# i
28. Symbolic sounds
4 W1 o( _ M4 X! E! C) ~# j 29. Symbolic reclamations V4 u) F5 @) i0 ~
30. Rude gestures
# c# \! D8 n6 F. c c; L h3 r1 P% V: x
Pressures on Individuals
4 e1 r% R, a. Z! _) @+ v; w 31. “Haunting” officials4 l- h" E( I2 U4 X. A! D! c
32. Taunting officials' L) X6 J: f* p/ M/ {
33. Fraternization
' w. n. \8 b) ]' f2 O 34. Vigils4 b3 H4 t+ }/ K' w' S- E. C# K
9 s8 s$ N$ ]0 j+ a: tDrama and Music* N2 y9 \- l6 {0 R
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ l( S: `1 h: C2 n
36. Performances of plays and music: J: B% q0 D/ H1 u: W7 F, F
37. Singing$ \5 X% Q/ s* A/ ?6 O$ d
) A" k* o* h6 xProcessions- D/ [4 Z& t6 C. V
38. Marches2 z. y! U! C6 r" M H
39. Parades8 h4 v; ^9 }. x) H; ^" h1 x
40. Religious processions- \# o2 @+ F0 L5 ~6 O7 Y
41. Pilgrimages, U8 O2 i# k( f: U9 {
42. Motorcades$ ?8 ~8 u$ v; v$ F# f
2 Z" p2 o: g/ W0 Y6 IHonoring the Dead
0 W6 S# Z; |0 x! @8 I0 F 43. Political mourning
6 ]9 z! S" J( b$ ]. O: k 44. Mock funerals, H. K: Z0 B8 C8 |# N* c, `
45. Demonstrative funerals; s( T! [, E9 ?' B: `6 I) ]+ \
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
; b) j' b7 t) `8 N 47. Assemblies of protest or support% a' e3 [) D0 U1 X9 H& Y
48. Protest meetings4 b1 H7 N3 f, K, H6 X$ L" y; x8 E" v
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" `) f3 P3 ` e* S [ 50. Teach-ins& I# x% ?& X1 e; L
( A9 C5 {3 u; y' x1 v( J% X
Withdrawal and Renunciation. ]6 ?* S& F9 \- a* J% ~0 k
51. Walk-outs
# u7 m- [, t& w f* }( R 52. Silence' R5 H. l& @; _4 d
53. Renouncing honors
! R8 R4 @& l( I! {& M 54. Turning one’s back6 |, H3 z$ G3 j4 S
0 z9 v$ f; r$ Z$ K, I a ~ $ b/ V" L7 D- R
. K4 |7 ?% r K) v) oTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 a4 p: R' r- c9 Y7 l" \, m
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Ostracism of Persons' A/ @; C: V5 a3 _% S& k3 y
55. Social boycott
- c/ U) R1 F( P+ C5 x& w* K! S$ C1 F 56. Selective social boycott! V% W* l$ f$ {4 {+ D
57. Lysistratic nonaction: b- h2 F4 m& `1 R6 @3 Z; q8 ^
58. Excommunication
" h5 e, Z0 a5 w( s' U& Z: m d5 ? 59. Interdict: ^% C! o1 `2 }1 I4 P
$ R4 }5 m% C7 \9 a7 h1 k( n/ |Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 V I' n; T1 t3 C( C0 _+ Q+ s 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, n5 R0 [1 t* Q7 z) { 61. Boycott of social affairs
( Y* c* y) E% v* \3 _1 M 62. Student strike; K8 I/ T6 @4 p" e7 }" G3 `! Z
63. Social disobedience
& n$ _5 r% \# _+ ]% y9 u+ l' d0 x7 w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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( @1 i' c; s8 I. Q$ r# P9 kWithdrawal from the Social System
1 e) X" I5 C: r5 L+ U9 T Z( Q( F 65. Stay-at-home' h' n4 E$ n$ Z9 @6 [2 ?" V+ `' ~ |
66. Total personal noncooperation
+ W9 ?6 d+ Z3 j2 \7 W0 E 67. “Flight” of workers' p7 k, @4 A; R, ~& [ ]: v5 c
68. Sanctuary
5 r: m. J8 _% b7 k 69. Collective disappearance
. k. ^! h7 L& {8 E 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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* |' X' s* A& P7 f! J7 r; JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& T& O* B- C6 p; u' y5 T M! e
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4 d4 T0 q% l/ e# ~5 fActions by Consumers
( R/ ?; ~! u; K& q 71. Consumers’ boycott7 X( Q/ o; B" G: b% n' p& j
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 _; z; \/ p, s) L: g0 u 73. Policy of austerity1 n7 i( l; N; p7 f/ [. W
74. Rent withholding
" q- \/ v5 N: M4 p 75. Refusal to rent; d+ ^# A4 O) q7 R4 _) v# E
76. National consumers’ boycott1 Y' j. l \8 q$ Q5 N+ N1 K
77. International consumers’ boycott' A, N* K: O W, g% U: ` m
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Action by Workers and Producers/ B i; j" J; \7 r0 i! ?
78. Workmen’s boycott5 d: n* j, r5 H9 s% \8 O' _
79. Producers’ boycott
e8 c7 R$ v! p2 W0 ?- E1 Z. @* b9 s% N2 U
Action by Middlemen
1 X g) \. E: H( h; j, l/ @6 N 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 F& X) |* Y W) S+ r* Y& _. C7 O$ R1 n8 i3 U9 I
Action by Owners and Management
) v6 i2 D) S: C! A7 U) K 81. Traders’ boycott4 q$ z! |+ Q. d8 Q g& V
82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 r/ l# U# I+ G0 ]- H 83. Lockout
9 k/ [& @6 c7 c$ s {: b6 x' r 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
a1 [& J9 j0 [* u6 T 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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5 k T4 e" {. V/ `Action by Holders of Financial Resources
) s" f9 a* j2 y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ q' ~2 y% |4 C. M2 X& ?( L 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 [( v0 E3 ]- U1 \8 X 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* J" n8 F/ ?4 F/ W& d
89. Severance of funds and credit
) Y8 F$ ?, L6 ~' }, X+ S 90. Revenue refusal
4 d9 p, }4 p$ J0 C B% \. ~( f( ?2 a 91. Refusal of a government’s money) z L" l: S B5 S
# \+ A% P+ ~: N4 Z& tAction by Governments
+ s0 P- c( a/ I' Z1 X 92. Domestic embargo
6 s K) O* v+ m/ O) [ 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ |$ o, N0 ~( n! C$ n; C# g$ e 94. International sellers’ embargo. j! W" j' `9 b3 c
95. International buyers’ embargo, F r! q" H3 N! p8 O; N. f% D i$ R
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
6 h, V a2 D1 z# m6 s3 e3 c: W& v. f# F* n' B% S; [
; M. U% ^* u2 W- j. A/ Y) E8 T/ kSymbolic Strikes
0 J1 z8 f' p- @. m 97. Protest strike3 T7 H' X. R6 e7 }' f, q+ M% S
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. w0 M& Z9 x9 s1 J& p; u7 {( d6 O7 q) H/ m- s, `3 W/ M. w& \2 }9 D
Agricultural Strikes! |: T+ T8 c6 g$ K
99. Peasant strike
. S+ }5 {9 L( b7 t( g7 a6 |+ J 100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ P- p& I4 J, F$ O3 j5 b
2 L9 ]; m) V, AStrikes by Special Groups
+ ~3 b) }' c- N& `6 r 101. Refusal of impressed labor
( R) b# m, I7 E; {4 {/ t 102. Prisoners’ strike2 f# d& O0 K/ T% z) R+ c
103. Craft strike& s) E0 `3 _$ {
104. Professional strike
" {5 \9 q$ D1 l! c3 x/ t, [/ y' ~7 J
Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ I$ ^& ]; d* }) K
105. Establishment strike _& m. m3 G# L0 c1 P
106. Industry strike
* {5 W3 w/ J- k& a( P, @ 107. Sympathetic strike+ Q0 E- t2 }! s9 F
, v0 u+ V" B) U. c0 d1 U: L' S
Restricted Strikes% U3 Y) t2 Y& Z
108. Detailed strike+ q* }3 \" p8 b. R" M- j
109. Bumper strike8 r4 k \5 [0 K7 g
110. Slowdown strike! i* `2 L* B- Y1 f2 z
111. Working-to-rule strike/ } l* D/ j0 B8 i$ l' F0 A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 |1 ~# n6 t# Y; a v# C7 }$ T6 s 113. Strike by resignation
5 J# q# I3 C6 ~. q 114. Limited strike4 d5 v1 R' z" c( I; g
115. Selective strike
) _4 }7 ~! Y7 z; h; z5 h( a4 u) ? w
Multi-Industry Strikes9 w# F, j/ @8 N3 c
$ X; w: C/ K b$ E( K
116. Generalized strike0 U! o% Q" u3 t6 L) B
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117. General strike' ?- ], V6 Z& ]' |( Y
8 q2 F- ~0 d. a* p- p& D! ]
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 _) E7 r6 A& R+ `* v3 a+ w6 W
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118. Hartal2 ~ m. V6 s, i. A) Q; @
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119. Economic shutdown
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) i: c; {5 H& y# ?THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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( j7 m/ k1 S* {9 U+ f# }) }# ZRejection of Authority
+ X8 y% c$ s1 ^9 G. b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
/ J, P/ w" {" }+ I% x 121. Refusal of public support7 V: I; q `- u0 I" U w/ _
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance Z! B! m" _: F2 q. ?7 q
) f; ?% u$ a+ |9 t$ \/ {
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 n' V0 z/ f' E. H6 R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" y4 m* N6 _4 C& _
124. Boycott of elections
7 a! ]) M& Y4 v) l0 |, S; ~' e: l 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 Z( z; R2 i5 b* H' s
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 \, D/ ^; ? w; b2 H# M' l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" @( f, C: P5 S2 m$ g: e ^7 e% _
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ K2 `' G: Z6 z3 s& M; w: j; |: O 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 q g4 O: g' Y! c$ x8 d* `' m( K
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& u& O4 z3 h e
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 K! e/ ~ a+ _8 i
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* e0 r E! D8 Z% L
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 R( \+ `$ g! W- G 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
z: G: q: h W2 ], h A 135. Popular nonobedience7 n% z+ s5 y* ^& n
136. Disguised disobedience; U5 v( X" j6 m- i; g
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; n4 |6 r9 h, j( X 138. Sitdown
, ~2 B" k! ~ S' U 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 z. T% e3 x7 q' S2 d0 G1 M# @$ r 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# U+ [5 d. ]) z+ u) _2 m% v! ^' I 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* U3 a6 ~$ J# }5 s" S. V
; Y& n: U, M: v) UAction by Government Personnel
3 v+ |# O$ T7 s. O. L 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( d5 X$ n5 f* _" b, Z1 X, m% | 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 u# E2 Y; z a4 n9 W% I 144. Stalling and obstruction
4 G# L$ ^8 j; v 145. General administrative noncooperation
* d4 s+ [8 k8 }& v7 ~3 k8 Q, q' c1 @) ^' h! e( }4 W
146. Judicial noncooperation, `# a- i. x M6 ?+ M; h
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( Q7 R. C7 k" S 148. Mutiny
2 N! _% v6 k# R; u% `Domestic Governmental Action1 i' a; d5 X1 r) F
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- d' O# O/ Z/ ^: B
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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* T# Q0 B7 m, C) nInternational Governmental Action+ X0 L2 B2 f0 ~# D; t" a3 i
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 O/ V7 g9 h: ]( A) j0 @8 V6 s% T 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
3 r9 {% Z* J6 o8 o( F$ P 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ l6 {4 d8 F u% G, O
154. Severance of diplomatic relations. u, i/ `: y7 M6 v3 |- ]
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% P7 N5 s* b6 x t$ F
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
: S/ L9 P# v" A/ B( T# ^3 A 157. Expulsion from international organizations& z, ^- r; C4 }7 ~7 ^3 T
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" t9 w. x" C) _4 P' ~% }, g. {2 K+ ]8 _0 h* F0 g1 F* n
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention- c" R( {. U! a0 E1 ?5 v
158. Self-exposure to the elements$ i5 W+ r/ Y( L
159. The fast
( I, Z Y1 O; V1 \8 [, c6 C! t& W a) Fast of moral pressure! ~5 N, l( ?- I. u4 a4 g; I
b) Hunger strike" }3 D' H7 Q$ g& `' K2 s$ C2 k, ]8 M5 a
c) Satyagrahic fast( |4 ^$ D+ A6 z0 i
160. Reverse trial
: _. x' B" j. r% p/ }& I7 \% y4 k( u 161. Nonviolent harassment
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, X6 ]9 f, u) {! g% FPhysical Intervention9 L' E& S) i, k+ }) [" W
162. Sit-in1 a0 }8 X- K b" _: Z" x& b' w
163. Stand-in
* d* c% G' Y+ r 164. Ride-in' q( t7 Q* @! l$ i4 X+ R
165. Wade-in' g9 O. a& A: q: G
166. Mill-in8 y/ i) F1 K1 G* ?$ L- X; v3 K% K
167. Pray-in1 s0 H, T) Q; T! t3 b
168. Nonviolent raids
: |9 _7 r% x' }0 z. ?8 J- O 169. Nonviolent air raids
, K, c$ [" F$ l s3 E# k2 A 170. Nonviolent invasion/ ~. V) ?" {! o$ A6 s* e
171. Nonviolent interjection3 X5 s+ k. ~' ~" ~: W# u
172. Nonviolent obstruction8 a" B# B2 E2 Q9 E2 T2 d* ]9 ^
173. Nonviolent occupation) ^0 Y* ~+ n5 K2 `4 u5 M0 `
2 M' v/ N: n! E) ?2 m8 Y
Social Intervention/ C' n7 h V1 l( D; O
174. Establishing new social patterns
( a9 v) f: O' |" {% t 175. Overloading of facilities6 P6 r4 O j$ n: U/ ~! Z
176. Stall-in, R& x# |( y& X8 I; j! b
177. Speak-in7 [2 `; t& H" f, @0 W7 u- U2 q
178. Guerrilla theater
, G% g9 h, X( U( b7 K 179. Alternative social institutions8 y. |( g( I* a
180. Alternative communication system
7 \# r& m8 `' Y. j0 P5 E( @" f; b' o7 Y' ~
Economic Intervention: j$ H' W7 i3 i0 d+ b8 b# g. n$ {- o
181. Reverse strike, g5 @. L/ P" O' h9 r
182. Stay-in strike
; k; W( u6 H9 i0 z6 L6 T# E% L$ q 183. Nonviolent land seizure
( b. e) Q/ {4 D* t6 E. o0 A" s! A 184. Defiance of blockades+ G# t1 n& E: \% v& q4 l
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. O: ]' ~0 V- E1 l! d
186. Preclusive purchasing
' H2 Q, M9 P, a% {" D 187. Seizure of assets
1 H4 k( c1 u/ D, N 188. Dumping- ^7 e1 ^1 Z- m5 ~! w+ \
189. Selective patronage$ X6 S- h" f$ J2 d8 V9 h( a3 O( _
190. Alternative markets
3 x0 L& q2 y# e0 G9 V( S# x" O 191. Alternative transportation systems: f* _& C) Y% R2 c. i x, J' @
192. Alternative economic institutions% ?% g7 o0 I5 `" G/ Z: \
X* H& a% e3 A% ?: f+ d" ?' o: v
Political Intervention
4 T( c! W$ m. y8 m# ?, L$ d 193. Overloading of administrative systems
# z8 M: w6 A' a 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! P* w* f. J/ a' x+ h$ ?, a 195. Seeking imprisonment
1 F( M! H4 B2 J6 S3 a/ e& w 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* p" Y: m6 x1 _# o6 m 197. Work-on without collaboration: V3 Q0 i. |7 x7 W% I
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 A1 a# q7 Y0 ~8 ~: d6 B" Z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
