 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 c3 _& m4 Q4 d, A4 F
Formal Statements
: t+ s1 l& w8 N; p s J9 _ 1. Public Speeches
# l/ A- @; Y% m 2. Letters of opposition or support
- w8 `6 S/ [8 E' T5 f- b 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 }9 u; O; e/ A/ ]
4. Signed public statements9 y: N) i# i+ N/ [: f# f. q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention; f4 T0 N- H! M: O
6. Group or mass petitions
) |$ j) s% A2 O4 h4 L* N% E1 d/ J+ u# _5 x; M. X
Communications with a Wider Audience
; |' a4 X) m7 d8 N4 c. T 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 v) o7 X+ @2 C* E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' e1 ]' P" v6 ~+ B+ C$ w6 t 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 y: H ^* v( H: h7 C4 Z 10. Newspapers and journals
+ A* X( u3 V) D* m1 U! `" b 11. Records, radio, and television0 _$ X5 q1 [$ D- K
12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 k* y# s5 D" l$ \. ^. ?# L
% n' K/ P# R# I# c6 {( m
Group Representations
1 S. x! M$ c$ c0 {6 A% ], s 13. Deputations
0 f# |& A( q/ N' B. P 14. Mock awards
! T+ y L; r# m 15. Group lobbying
: |+ J" j; v k2 N; @1 J4 s 16. Picketing
0 Z; [$ P2 t7 m3 M% s4 \' Q5 x- U 17. Mock elections
7 [ G5 V ?5 w, Q/ ^5 n0 z6 a: Y6 \! y1 |8 l6 z L0 }
Symbolic Public Acts8 {' q0 H! c/ t; _$ ]
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 c2 h% G. D c" o* p* _. U. s% }
19. Wearing of symbols
& K& f7 p1 P5 R2 Q- p* l0 H* e7 Q 20. Prayer and worship
; w' A) G8 S& ~2 a 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 ?# U6 |* o3 p 22. Protest disrobings: v( ]: W' V4 n. k1 I0 q4 [
23. Destruction of own property+ \, D5 z |3 V/ J n/ U
24. Symbolic lights
; l+ @3 N* v- `' D1 Z 25. Displays of portraits
5 B; }5 |7 [* h' o& y 26. Paint as protest
k! q0 w7 r' P1 } L 27. New signs and names8 [: d7 Z1 Q! b1 {& e' T: ~4 P
28. Symbolic sounds
# Z* B4 a) g/ h+ V 29. Symbolic reclamations) |2 S& d- O+ q
30. Rude gestures
h A4 y$ K( W1 _% f9 t
. O4 H- S. v" |$ i! J# PPressures on Individuals
" n' t2 q9 v' b3 ] 31. “Haunting” officials
: ?; f7 Q6 L8 G9 K8 R3 o 32. Taunting officials
* B( I, X8 {: c4 T% Z 33. Fraternization X, d$ G0 R4 h( X/ G% P& h
34. Vigils
; |' z3 r% D+ s3 r* k/ L; B! W% _5 H4 T* F9 k t3 u
Drama and Music4 _7 r+ p& w9 V3 K4 I1 ^& X
35. Humorous skits and pranks* z# ], O( w6 c& i1 o
36. Performances of plays and music
% F$ X' Y- `8 `& M& f 37. Singing
- y6 F4 W6 j9 `0 G( Y5 o. {% B: G; ^5 l5 \: Q% t5 M5 G! g1 @
Processions
# _! d" E4 k0 l! w: y0 d; E 38. Marches
) k$ [& j" K: i# L0 Q 39. Parades. U! B/ _& X3 ]9 ?( [& Z
40. Religious processions: P, F3 j: Q) i
41. Pilgrimages) z8 D7 y8 K; m! D& \4 }: ?
42. Motorcades
8 \7 E% v( ?: T l
u$ n& U) q* o; ]+ V' hHonoring the Dead
, _! d' A5 u; K' n 43. Political mourning
/ n$ F! }' v& r) B3 M 44. Mock funerals' O" H6 p% v( z. y
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ P. D9 [; l- z 46. Homage at burial places
( \* l( h4 o1 u1 u1 Z1 Q" |0 [2 k7 ~. j
Public Assemblies0 P c! D: b/ v
47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 }6 i! y: z, M/ @- G$ `" ~& M 48. Protest meetings
2 b2 ]- G& @- e+ m" M" f 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 o! X- ?: e& u3 q7 z2 a( L0 S
50. Teach-ins( c2 n8 [+ v* D8 a
( U) d7 x3 a, S: T0 u1 h* p) l8 e( }
Withdrawal and Renunciation
+ l' m s: ^9 k 51. Walk-outs
A& c) z% U& ^/ @) e 52. Silence
; L7 h( f! N0 h/ u 53. Renouncing honors( k6 O" r3 l" ?
54. Turning one’s back3 O$ T, ]2 x3 b' f2 a& n4 |7 ~
4 I, G, E) [; e0 Z g) V
- c U2 B# H% d/ U1 P8 S7 b
5 m o' F. u& U& o& t& a! ITHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
# j7 i! U3 G" t9 D1 q6 P9 ?
+ f0 m* O7 v; ^$ {) Q
' J$ x* e- S6 _4 {) R+ T+ B7 P6 |( w, f
Ostracism of Persons3 A' q3 i! p- R+ U/ Q y
55. Social boycott
6 N% z" f, H# T+ i 56. Selective social boycott1 w2 Y1 g& v8 t7 b
57. Lysistratic nonaction! |2 q6 O- r. D- F5 i* O8 I
58. Excommunication
& B6 l& \+ c6 K* N* {7 e 59. Interdict9 [6 n8 B- O3 @0 d+ X0 _
1 I& k7 S" e1 v: X3 R; \! S) `
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% i v: ?" j4 ^
60. Suspension of social and sports activities" l! y8 }3 L2 @3 V R, G. D* b; K
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 B4 F& L1 w+ x" a2 _% [* F) G 62. Student strike j7 W1 `2 ?) C0 v1 [ O
63. Social disobedience
0 D7 W7 e" ]4 C8 @; i 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 g# j/ h( r' q
$ } o N: V, Q8 D+ ?4 r) M9 @3 uWithdrawal from the Social System
; c; e0 Z0 L8 n: R* w 65. Stay-at-home) E! R: m! l* w7 _; q
66. Total personal noncooperation. U5 X/ ?* Y* l8 v5 T% X% g
67. “Flight” of workers
/ w5 j' I* b9 c S2 C/ j 68. Sanctuary
( l' b4 \8 ?8 t& N3 t6 b 69. Collective disappearance& q* R* x) i) h' P% ?: g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
5 M7 L# P/ a- X- J2 ]9 F: f* G4 U' F$ y& ]) {
: r- J6 t# R0 `/ I2 U9 S# ]5 i$ g
3 ]! N: L$ c& wTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* J7 R- Q5 f# M( w# ?7 ~
. U- S7 {2 F l3 d- }6 V
V5 @. l$ M. f1 vActions by Consumers% P: ~. z& q$ B" d" B
71. Consumers’ boycott
: J# C7 m" }; i! Q1 f 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 o0 ?! H4 _0 c, E3 |' l! J
73. Policy of austerity8 _- V A; C# E1 S
74. Rent withholding5 e. G( B8 `& c( W
75. Refusal to rent) i+ v# ~8 T/ X: ~8 l
76. National consumers’ boycott" n5 _* Y$ z- X T# i- F) r
77. International consumers’ boycott- t% g! x3 u$ C1 O l6 a" ~% C
. o) m( A) A9 b
Action by Workers and Producers3 M3 X3 |1 ^0 u6 w0 y) ^$ Q0 D: M
78. Workmen’s boycott
4 ^( z$ ` V# x/ T 79. Producers’ boycott8 X4 {. l; P, x
. ~" W2 _) H" M1 D- A: N
Action by Middlemen
8 y0 }2 K+ N" E, _) Z, O 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" Z+ e" y7 L( b; i1 ^' f+ h
. K# t7 i3 V+ @9 z3 w' }Action by Owners and Management; c; {- q0 v) ~, h' U, z
81. Traders’ boycott
; ~8 W' h: K& r* V+ d; K$ Z) |- S% s 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 t, F7 n+ D; m
83. Lockout
: ~9 b4 \* R' C. J7 ^ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# V+ b, { K7 t( t2 y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”) u. N9 p3 q, K3 p4 J% S+ I4 ?* e U
' G/ C7 \6 y4 s5 u) ?5 y! ?Action by Holders of Financial Resources
3 }# q8 Q8 G, Z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 N, a( B1 y+ p4 ~% G 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% Q5 z% }; n9 x. g: U
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! a4 g8 P- z; o. z, s; R
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 |$ ]8 N+ ^6 Z 90. Revenue refusal+ d! O7 v l" k# u9 ?
91. Refusal of a government’s money+ `! i, B! ^8 ?3 R G e7 x2 V
) c' B ^: M$ g+ VAction by Governments; X. g# M, G0 z# L2 z0 K% v, T+ F
92. Domestic embargo
+ G' H8 _1 m6 M/ H 93. Blacklisting of traders/ F7 I# v" t) w; u {
94. International sellers’ embargo1 K' t/ k* u. E: u
95. International buyers’ embargo3 t0 I2 G% X, z p/ ~
96. International trade embargo
4 q: n$ `3 n/ A1 r# k1 o- _1 }
, j( L g0 K/ g; c$ g K 2 X8 @; d1 k, w1 j2 f. r
3 R* _: j. O. R. o% t2 j2 DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! \+ k) W( `% }8 ~! q0 h- h( ~6 e8 k% E# ^; D! n
/ x5 T% q9 Z2 \. d7 \Symbolic Strikes5 i& m$ Q% \: x/ F, a
97. Protest strike
/ z9 H! a y* _' U2 I( e" P 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" `1 M5 g! p" u8 \
. D1 v& u1 F8 _) d U
Agricultural Strikes9 p/ _+ c( a$ R4 @ ~& Z
99. Peasant strike
/ M) z# j( g& C+ D 100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 f: |! o p: ]" }' u0 T/ {7 k" s# } T" z( u8 `- V; V
Strikes by Special Groups
! b7 ? ?0 C1 a: H 101. Refusal of impressed labor
- n" @8 S, J# `! R8 R 102. Prisoners’ strike" A3 q8 S$ ] j0 T' d4 T
103. Craft strike
* F9 r# L! Q, e. w& M' _% b 104. Professional strike
# F% F( W5 i$ H: Q& L0 \* L) H9 b$ v ]6 {* r8 {; [
Ordinary Industrial Strikes* q& F' d+ {* H- ^/ E3 |$ M
105. Establishment strike# O0 n# F* B9 ^& Z0 ^8 P
106. Industry strike
% s; B2 J& m% m/ N( S0 ]8 D 107. Sympathetic strike9 u7 F: K" u& \3 F. s9 D
6 y6 J" i# W O6 U. D
Restricted Strikes) R- A$ }6 ?- }8 p$ U
108. Detailed strike U9 P- _7 i" U2 J8 G0 H
109. Bumper strike
$ _ _7 A% K1 Q6 e* M 110. Slowdown strike1 k8 f. T. n6 b" J
111. Working-to-rule strike" U7 S9 B! ], k- E' b
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 x1 _6 f2 S4 ]
113. Strike by resignation+ F$ M9 i( c$ t+ ]% }& X
114. Limited strike
& k/ k9 n0 U) B# S0 u. m" Y) M8 q 115. Selective strike
: j1 f, j. O% P! ~
8 _3 N) a& ]0 b: h" c' C- d ZMulti-Industry Strikes' `2 @" Q, t+ f+ `! ~
) m& l$ a y5 i7 ^! `3 J 116. Generalized strike0 g' m# X9 k3 i# O, Q, ~
- f* V7 S6 \2 q9 \5 n- y$ O H 117. General strike- l m# ^* ^/ p) ^ O7 V" o
7 g- \2 N: Q: h4 [Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* S. V# e, X; u6 ~. F2 r$ q& j# o
; u! I" D1 S! D. ~ 118. Hartal- B' l; P( _% Q9 _6 f9 M+ G
N1 L8 ^% W# P1 G; P 119. Economic shutdown5 j6 [% D& c& Y7 e
/ {1 O# V" {$ x. W9 t |& X4 L1 J0 j8 a
* w0 E) i. A6 q3 e3 hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
. X4 `' n7 M0 x4 s2 v& D" i
7 {% n7 j/ t- [( x+ m8 w/ {1 U( k : K' |% [0 o9 B2 S- x" d5 d
Rejection of Authority$ g K+ e2 x3 t# z. o
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ T" S% N o( h" a 121. Refusal of public support5 }5 T& @! z6 E! v1 J
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 r H4 H# x; w) l* [. }2 Z% L, K2 `) S4 P4 }/ w) t( k8 V- o0 k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ h, ~* R; w% }0 y1 S( e. M7 _. q4 { 123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ _% N4 S) x% l. F9 H
124. Boycott of elections
8 R# n( @# u/ z6 P) Y* n 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! o0 Z, f# T( B' ?3 X/ s& N% w 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& |+ B! x: I+ H- j 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& c$ B b8 Q; r9 \8 g1 T. C- A. X 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 i1 u0 j- B# f+ l0 P
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 X$ G! _1 `+ ~1 v+ t4 a& U
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ [5 `) d* n9 o4 h2 `- ~
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* y' I0 P Z5 c- o 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 I& g0 M' [$ X6 m( E. Z3 E* n+ R3 f& H# `0 a& t( I3 G
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) I6 j0 d% [( c) E% O6 R- C
133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 a3 C7 o _/ i+ R$ Z8 @
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 w: d6 c$ J" n( B
135. Popular nonobedience) x" b7 B# N0 D \
136. Disguised disobedience
, ^9 ?4 ~4 h! ^ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ n5 U7 s+ i6 T# A* ^, x- J$ V 138. Sitdown& |( ~$ M2 F, Y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ @/ k% D0 h& w4 N) \$ A, L
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& n$ c( o$ O3 y; x- m' i7 Q, G1 a! r
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 }+ @: z, ~0 h0 A% I
. c* w' e; F$ }; bAction by Government Personnel( t+ \* B Y$ S/ L _& m( O
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" V& {( p$ r2 m& S8 s1 H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* b. K* H* O( j 144. Stalling and obstruction W+ X: @, g' Y
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ B7 N) d3 m% A' g/ G1 T' V, q9 `- K. R" {7 y1 w6 E S
146. Judicial noncooperation) w% Z3 z) p2 k. [* i( e; N1 C f
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ i, }; Y9 |3 Z
148. Mutiny ^3 I1 k$ Z L9 q# b8 R$ r# i( a
Domestic Governmental Action
: i& O* N( C+ N- V9 a6 k 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; H4 g; A5 N% n 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ q0 _. f% c4 A0 n$ u9 h% |$ e3 y- q1 ~* W
International Governmental Action! X8 K6 q! N5 r ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; m1 b8 f# v$ ~/ Z8 E 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 |8 k: c( h. R8 q4 m! @1 E% Y ~ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( m+ I5 k- `0 j' L* ^" ~5 ?) m
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' X6 E% H8 L1 ~, n
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! d3 A8 L* V% K" Z) D4 V# V 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies4 {) P& l1 P/ b0 T
157. Expulsion from international organizations: x: Y3 b/ G) {
$ W2 `. L/ a( Q( }7 K
5 b# \3 I$ z& v. @4 D4 i8 F( W
5 s: W4 g. K3 K4 l6 ]
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! y4 }- Y% Q% d& f
# P; ?* O y- g$ V
0 M8 z; f6 X* q- E; q8 WPsychological Intervention/ e; Q" y6 T; D& q5 [6 E7 J
158. Self-exposure to the elements
. P8 o2 p- \8 k3 ~) D' u. M! B8 \ 159. The fast
# \% J' }6 g& h- { a) Fast of moral pressure
1 T8 V" W& j% A- A b) Hunger strike4 p+ X8 C6 Z# Y4 d$ ], r" b
c) Satyagrahic fast( _/ e3 k8 @3 W% Z) `' K- R- \
160. Reverse trial
' C$ c6 b8 X j" y% D5 V7 J 161. Nonviolent harassment- D, ]. B5 z& n! D, X
4 g1 ~; \: W" e2 ]" RPhysical Intervention
8 n& N) e, a9 B' C8 p! \6 s0 M 162. Sit-in
/ j& Z5 w3 ^2 }; V7 }8 J' t 163. Stand-in, w) R* N5 d( o) t
164. Ride-in5 I( R) k7 f1 T6 K. C; P5 B: V
165. Wade-in
+ ^9 j J( {5 j' s" g8 N 166. Mill-in
9 m0 ?( l0 M" q4 t$ i" j+ l/ d7 } 167. Pray-in
2 M) Z% |( B3 I" T9 f 168. Nonviolent raids
) \5 @* e4 ]: J3 d/ |# P" | 169. Nonviolent air raids1 B1 B) W% _% } c: F
170. Nonviolent invasion
/ T. v! o5 x0 t* ` 171. Nonviolent interjection! R0 D- \- H2 W
172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 F) ]$ e. t s3 B 173. Nonviolent occupation
" I2 w( u4 j5 Y4 N! X" u+ Z3 ~8 ]# P& l. \
Social Intervention
6 X. b, P6 k0 k7 X; e0 ~5 [8 r 174. Establishing new social patterns
# ]# g; H/ h3 N4 U2 @8 A( \' ~ 175. Overloading of facilities& r: I% Y8 q: ^7 s8 v
176. Stall-in q) ~+ l5 j: D, i
177. Speak-in
w7 y e( Z8 i7 y- _ 178. Guerrilla theater
) v" b' P/ y; O. F) C 179. Alternative social institutions0 C' j& E) s! Z1 x+ b6 o6 H+ F) w
180. Alternative communication system
9 @5 u' e2 H% Z( u5 M
" W/ d: z% G" a4 ?6 K! \Economic Intervention
* ~" |9 N' x3 s1 N! }& r 181. Reverse strike1 y% \! a# e _9 J+ G/ x
182. Stay-in strike
2 E& E4 ~, Y7 m9 T( ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. y- k" N6 u" V" g* B. ~ 184. Defiance of blockades
% P5 `# M4 O4 j, s. c( a9 b1 ` 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, o% ~. I7 R, w0 i3 Y7 M 186. Preclusive purchasing
( H9 o4 V# H8 P5 t 187. Seizure of assets5 `% R5 D$ L3 _ N1 z M6 v! R
188. Dumping
. {- s! Z# r$ b! e. a 189. Selective patronage1 i: ]* R! n u0 W a3 K6 |8 t
190. Alternative markets% h6 O" O2 y) Z7 ~* F
191. Alternative transportation systems
' H* [/ T9 R( O) @4 y3 a" F z 192. Alternative economic institutions+ k+ i3 E' [% ~6 U
, ^2 D- L: z3 n4 w/ O8 ^8 t) y8 hPolitical Intervention
( _7 x0 {' e! s+ u8 P 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! x9 I( \- ?; ]$ t& b 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, ?9 p- ^1 @7 f0 [& r 195. Seeking imprisonment
. N# @3 p; _4 ~$ c( f- U 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 O" l: Y, N6 J2 Y5 u* t
197. Work-on without collaboration
- U6 A# m% I2 l! K4 B& a( @: r5 y3 G 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# |7 s t& h7 T3 u4 d# ^, T9 m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
