 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ R6 T% m$ w! ?" f' Y# L: l" GFormal Statements0 q" j3 S/ [# ~& L. I! E p
1. Public Speeches
( N/ u4 M; n4 ~/ Z' M& D+ K) \ 2. Letters of opposition or support$ N' r: g3 c o4 z" N2 x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
+ V! [) ~! X& v% q% m$ E 4. Signed public statements
2 d/ Q( T" G4 _* C5 ~6 ` 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( Y) j- |3 U" n- V
6. Group or mass petitions
0 e9 {" k% B# W. h" o o* d3 X- Q8 G! g: Q$ Q) J* G" F5 |
Communications with a Wider Audience
3 u" q+ h9 j& f 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 e" n9 z( F5 ?' c2 r 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications3 u0 S% S2 N0 p2 B4 d5 w- `7 a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ ^' ?7 {! p5 Z: i! [5 C/ D
10. Newspapers and journals( V! ^3 O0 @8 C& e
11. Records, radio, and television. C+ o' x |' s
12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 H/ z! I8 x% _& o; A6 p; D
' n/ L* Q! v0 P, o0 ^/ F, aGroup Representations
2 p5 z8 C$ h4 [* z& ~8 R1 h# b8 M7 ]% w 13. Deputations* D2 [" Q2 c* n7 g, w; h3 {
14. Mock awards
2 S$ y, \/ F7 i- L1 |% v 15. Group lobbying& _0 x! ]5 F1 G% p- g! n
16. Picketing2 J9 R+ P/ I9 U9 i2 e: `' Q
17. Mock elections. N4 D' p6 w9 C' q
7 d5 C8 K H: D! w% Y7 F: vSymbolic Public Acts
5 d/ K) b( Q' F 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- h, m/ R' _2 l- P1 a( V( W 19. Wearing of symbols- v) q3 F4 Z ]9 A- l
20. Prayer and worship
4 s3 ^/ c/ B( T l$ |& i 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. ]6 k' k9 H# [1 I. D$ O/ d 22. Protest disrobings
) b$ n+ S# l# U 23. Destruction of own property1 i/ n# R u2 P, N' k
24. Symbolic lights
3 n1 t' e# V- ~% |0 ` 25. Displays of portraits
5 X& O: r5 [3 N6 M 26. Paint as protest
" q: L& j+ u. X) A ]$ R 27. New signs and names
# [6 a/ k3 c! v6 ~# `) [( h( O 28. Symbolic sounds4 X( R. C8 Q5 f Q9 p8 P. R3 Y
29. Symbolic reclamations' p. e$ w) ~7 e# d9 y# p
30. Rude gestures
! b2 W! i! v: G5 H7 H6 [
6 j6 ?5 v4 I/ B/ O$ _4 F4 Q8 r6 t& c" ePressures on Individuals- k& Z: D; }6 j1 m) s: O
31. “Haunting” officials
3 E* w& J+ P7 I 32. Taunting officials
; u# T' S, j/ F( X; d9 V! e 33. Fraternization6 ~+ D/ \! j3 j4 t4 k: R' F
34. Vigils2 H9 ]" A: J2 W* d) w$ t
% n: m! |$ o1 A$ [2 o8 O
Drama and Music- ^' k4 H; _/ f
35. Humorous skits and pranks
. k+ C9 g8 @& N& M. o! v) f4 D 36. Performances of plays and music" W( z5 _! \7 v% h% P4 r7 I
37. Singing
9 s3 q8 w6 }0 T9 u' B, Z1 J
! O+ D) |: L) T( M. T" ]3 i5 d5 iProcessions6 y/ Y- Z% i7 e4 e. [% U
38. Marches' Q2 r' c( ?" Q( } u: g
39. Parades
2 W: A9 G* o2 O3 U0 a 40. Religious processions, F7 v# c/ e9 k. k
41. Pilgrimages" _8 V0 z9 \& ]: m% S& u4 o; t
42. Motorcades4 e+ r; u- W; Q, }+ k2 n
7 p! Y: V' T. S! VHonoring the Dead
, N G) D/ ~, o, s5 ^" C 43. Political mourning1 g8 M# a3 ]7 A
44. Mock funerals
/ a4 p7 I! i/ K" ] K0 t* Z 45. Demonstrative funerals$ r- Y- U3 k) V( [/ P
46. Homage at burial places2 }$ h, M% ^1 @: [. m0 q% h6 }' E9 O
K# G2 Z7 M* i
Public Assemblies/ X' ~, t X& {" M
47. Assemblies of protest or support
) h5 P, p! p' U1 o' A# p 48. Protest meetings
L6 J( R! ^. G* o, `6 u 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# j$ x3 J$ ?5 g3 }
50. Teach-ins
0 V w9 U5 }: t
- c: d- ~5 Q' p# lWithdrawal and Renunciation7 p4 r* w; E, S2 d7 r( P3 M
51. Walk-outs* L3 u. q0 m, P8 g7 o% G" h) P
52. Silence4 e7 w% B; Z0 x2 ]: v3 o4 s
53. Renouncing honors! ^" {0 q6 b' X p& u
54. Turning one’s back
9 F; I9 ~+ A; x: _- _: A
5 m1 o& N( {. p- [8 I8 \7 O/ r* f 4 f$ [. V/ f Q0 Z
! v- B' l1 C, i# j
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 A: P: v: a" R( q% |+ c/ r( v9 g. N5 U
Ostracism of Persons
. W( z) g: H0 {+ E& K" J9 |( g6 g M 55. Social boycott/ n( G) R: g) _4 W. c/ A _
56. Selective social boycott9 v% Q7 x* U, }7 I& G9 Q9 B ^
57. Lysistratic nonaction6 O( w8 x$ C/ [
58. Excommunication" p9 p; c* c5 c# R' R
59. Interdict
0 o) e8 V G# R; k1 J. ~7 H
/ G6 c6 \8 U& ]$ dNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! T: A5 B# B6 { E4 E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 V e2 R3 O" [: r6 K
61. Boycott of social affairs
k- c; ]2 x3 E+ }: [/ K 62. Student strike
& G0 u2 ^' }9 ~* z; g1 C# Y 63. Social disobedience8 h6 b* C/ y+ S& h
64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 Q2 S& @ p/ @$ ]' S; z( w' w
" S* |5 g z- ` v" a
Withdrawal from the Social System
7 g. Y$ P t0 q0 v. p$ `' s1 y9 ` 65. Stay-at-home
3 Y5 d& x# a1 v6 H0 U1 F3 [1 c9 i 66. Total personal noncooperation
3 [% f' q- O) ^# r) ?8 G _ 67. “Flight” of workers
' b/ P5 E! i# q( n- \ 68. Sanctuary
; D+ m& E4 j- J- x( t' ~7 g3 m 69. Collective disappearance
* {; B Z5 t: c, r- J- { 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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2 z# k! T4 N; q) M3 W+ p* A0 l1 a& G
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 Z8 [3 {. G X. X
r/ A3 ~& j0 T7 d* N) `
, }. S, A0 X+ b5 m' \4 ]0 M5 h" V( FActions by Consumers
! w2 P+ \, Q4 V: o, n% z3 q- A# L 71. Consumers’ boycott
) C. e) P I3 S7 C5 r' T) X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& J8 F% u- W* f7 v) Z [ 73. Policy of austerity
; C( @2 J) L2 F7 Z9 i/ y- m; ` 74. Rent withholding# ^" \/ k# j7 p
75. Refusal to rent" N8 f1 T, W. u& m8 p$ j
76. National consumers’ boycott
# @4 h5 o" R& c4 L) L9 Y 77. International consumers’ boycott+ F" x% o! P- z' A( A
t. M8 L% }, {, ?' B
Action by Workers and Producers* h( U# k5 a' Q. H( o* U! Y
78. Workmen’s boycott
) I: t* L" L- A* Z0 z 79. Producers’ boycott% p$ t7 ~* l# t2 e0 `) O
9 a) s4 N' ?. i, f
Action by Middlemen
: d7 o$ m* \! S5 r, n- o) F5 t s4 i 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott* N: R$ _ S8 k) s
+ i# ]% H4 n( V& E
Action by Owners and Management
5 f* E4 Y1 c3 Q& Y) O! ~ 81. Traders’ boycott
, t7 |' ^; }& T4 y 82. Refusal to let or sell property" T- c% }* u1 |( ~; h3 B
83. Lockout5 s( S& R/ [" z* f* _9 h6 ?+ J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( o4 h: Y( y4 y+ w 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ O1 y& Z/ Z" V# T8 X" O
! R1 x) J9 y- rAction by Holders of Financial Resources1 e% T6 q- O' \. [6 A5 S" M
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, o) y5 D! A6 N8 n+ z* V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ U$ Z, n: r2 i# B' h: n. z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# O) I' r: d2 @, E- ? 89. Severance of funds and credit' \5 h1 K3 c* I
90. Revenue refusal
* o6 d% [3 F. m5 k: Y9 c! u+ T- r 91. Refusal of a government’s money: ^+ r; h+ _! \5 f+ {5 w5 m
1 X9 l! i# m. [+ ]
Action by Governments
6 v# |& w. z2 o 92. Domestic embargo/ B/ x/ F _9 W+ g0 Z5 f
93. Blacklisting of traders
( h2 v/ u* M* C+ h 94. International sellers’ embargo" w; P6 O' Z, I' g1 h y/ S
95. International buyers’ embargo& T' E4 ]& f7 d1 Y. T
96. International trade embargo
4 V8 X R7 r: D
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6 d. [% C' b* S0 FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
# L/ ]7 z/ w+ L. y! A' } {8 {5 ?5 C p( h
L$ k$ Y7 [! R! }$ D; H: e
Symbolic Strikes
! G: Y, E/ d7 I8 f) G8 W 97. Protest strike+ b2 U+ Y% s% a* i) J
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ N7 c; a D5 |( [
! ~% J! _7 ~' |4 h# k- oAgricultural Strikes G& J; S5 E/ w# o: X9 P7 K5 f; r4 M8 ~
99. Peasant strike
; a& U# n( L6 y# p 100. Farm Workers’ strike
' \) R+ O2 k6 M. f
, z) Z- J6 m% ]& }% P# N% CStrikes by Special Groups7 \7 C. \3 y% c, H
101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 W m- B! m* k) v: J9 z 102. Prisoners’ strike/ ?, Y. `. m; I& i
103. Craft strike
5 k( @4 H; t6 H 104. Professional strike
/ c$ ?. ^+ }5 t# H/ V6 O a1 w2 A: E# o% n. ]
Ordinary Industrial Strikes4 e0 t% C$ K! D
105. Establishment strike( U2 W$ e. u" \& N) @
106. Industry strike. k, g" l" d* e! _ `/ W" U; S9 C
107. Sympathetic strike
8 q/ I- O. D r& ~
3 N+ q3 O) d* W; o; FRestricted Strikes3 x" B/ ~4 y7 ?* {* K( {* N& l
108. Detailed strike5 ~# E( u; U" v5 V# _ f- p
109. Bumper strike
( G$ t1 P) b% i$ a* q 110. Slowdown strike
0 T# L: \. p; q' l 111. Working-to-rule strike
! Q" P6 o# O3 |# G" O; t1 W4 V# N 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, t& P& F- U2 e" ] 113. Strike by resignation; H) b! x: L7 n- }- a9 U
114. Limited strike6 u( Q$ w" B6 i
115. Selective strike! S3 }5 T, Z6 p- n+ I, j
! C Q" R# k0 ?" w# UMulti-Industry Strikes. W; k4 C$ P# W
4 W& q2 ^) u% e7 e& f7 S( i" q' q) ~4 _
116. Generalized strike8 J6 a# v' G: \ y
+ K, t9 U0 \6 o3 l5 ` 117. General strike9 s b8 u7 J, M1 P' @
: q# S/ a) W& F6 z) Y& q2 YCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) U; v+ T" s5 J( c, |" y. i) s9 Q0 G8 C
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown! f; \1 X/ A, z: a
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& ^2 ]: j; f( s. e) m5 X% KTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority9 M$ [4 v; {$ R6 M. z. M
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# J; Q0 N- {" F, g b8 b 121. Refusal of public support. Z5 Q2 j- }8 g( X
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* H% Y2 ?; \. X/ F, b$ d! q7 r# k! l# u
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 Q4 H3 w' Q/ i
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 L( G5 S1 i4 b) q 124. Boycott of elections; r! @, m- a6 n1 ^4 l0 A
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, i+ l. i+ i, w9 ]) _ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 w' u/ y( c5 K, O9 E8 @+ I/ d
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 R* N1 i2 Q7 T% J0 \
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 S! e5 l, t- v( H" z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: U" c4 Q A: y9 x, [( ?# z& u* @ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% b" r0 u1 Q. f% `; U9 M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. |/ h4 l0 k4 v. [/ ` 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! K F H2 t& M5 y& r$ I0 Z
; }# _$ ]: N, o' H5 L: v! J. CCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 \: r9 \1 L* s$ X" r% ^( L4 Z, ^ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" h# d; }+ c ]" r& M( z) b: h; p 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ O7 |1 l4 A2 V/ @& f
135. Popular nonobedience1 U! r: w. E8 `9 N# ?
136. Disguised disobedience
6 H3 s! Z8 x$ O: `& \! |7 i 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( Q( J8 V* C, d5 Y% j
138. Sitdown
+ q2 L( E9 a( Z' g9 x0 N7 P# B1 t 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 R) ]( ^' g* C! e 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. k: o" G& C. a 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 l2 j9 N1 `1 k1 m) V
2 j; `2 c I, Q2 I& F, D' [
Action by Government Personnel
* d& l! y- Z+ U 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 Z! k# B: f7 [ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 ^7 S5 v6 r; q* b( [! ~ 144. Stalling and obstruction
) V' e X! C5 C* N- c 145. General administrative noncooperation
: l; O, l, z( l) U* T6 Y7 ]1 y# P4 f! {, I) t# i# F$ n
146. Judicial noncooperation( n' p: Y* H Z0 C
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' E& v4 v# K* k9 N 148. Mutiny
; ^; Y! W& h/ Y7 _ |1 h) K* wDomestic Governmental Action
0 I- T: x6 R% B! _) o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( E# B) S) [1 _$ B 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- v8 N& T9 m- Z+ ]0 x' N
0 L( C, `$ z- U/ a( l, `1 e- I' X
International Governmental Action+ o9 z/ e8 u7 Y. S5 C$ a q4 ]. \
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ o7 J ~3 L3 h! ^4 |! F 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( ]" L. o, E( x& l' m2 p" j3 v 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
M: m4 H1 U0 [8 i& k5 z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 b2 V6 p) K! ?$ V, K. F5 Y: L
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) y/ X2 _8 M8 C2 T 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& g% x6 W1 K3 a9 P, T1 z4 J: B
157. Expulsion from international organizations
* Y" c! Y) H7 H6 b; i; N4 Z; a" J" M0 K/ u$ m/ J- n
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1 i' W6 E) ?: ~+ i7 r9 M& |THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION Y; M- U! Z$ P! O: [
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Psychological Intervention- z" C2 e) |, M: `& V# ^
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 [5 a2 u& j3 c4 @4 t5 m 159. The fast/ v! j" I' x' f0 }# A: s+ v
a) Fast of moral pressure, ] M( P7 \4 C9 _5 Z* q- p
b) Hunger strike# l' p6 ~8 G: k/ n) l& p% P
c) Satyagrahic fast- {! ~- ?4 w# A2 e
160. Reverse trial$ S9 A! j& z; E& y3 X
161. Nonviolent harassment) P, D+ h$ f! u- \
I( G3 d) W- k' q+ l; u# QPhysical Intervention, n% c( `; O/ ^
162. Sit-in
' O$ R/ w' p8 w7 F, v5 P! N2 u 163. Stand-in( B0 S0 x# g1 G* V" t, _
164. Ride-in# U/ D0 ^* J# ?: F% Q; t6 E6 F
165. Wade-in! b! E7 M8 N9 z' p* I: K
166. Mill-in
' P7 y6 K7 L B, o$ L; V 167. Pray-in# M8 o( }' `; Z) v
168. Nonviolent raids! X9 ~. q4 P3 u4 u, J& K8 R# m+ `
169. Nonviolent air raids9 i: T5 t% c/ U( N W
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 j8 d F, D- H B4 O( h; H 171. Nonviolent interjection' x( P. H- `4 K! a
172. Nonviolent obstruction" _9 C# Z4 \2 l' z7 F
173. Nonviolent occupation
8 h' B" ]8 ^- [6 A' R
. r+ x$ b9 L1 c' y& G: bSocial Intervention
! J) r ^, q$ O! k 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ D9 G8 K/ b: j' F; I1 L 175. Overloading of facilities }* n( q4 o) E" a ?
176. Stall-in1 s% [$ A: ^2 S3 }: V
177. Speak-in+ H- _7 k. |5 z( ~ A- Z
178. Guerrilla theater
! Y& r, E k- n' H! s+ B 179. Alternative social institutions
# I% {/ A. w2 k- A) x" A4 p 180. Alternative communication system9 R: Z& z; i5 k3 k7 O& N+ ?
3 ~; l% W3 t) E, [9 L; W
Economic Intervention0 k7 u# T9 i. I6 h
181. Reverse strike$ b- M' i1 Q N' N' N
182. Stay-in strike
% `, H: B/ u8 b6 v/ y- \0 N 183. Nonviolent land seizure: }' K& \( _/ F2 S
184. Defiance of blockades
9 C$ i# H2 t" _/ ]6 H: T 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ K4 h m: h% ?2 v( z) o8 q
186. Preclusive purchasing$ |8 m8 Z1 K- J+ {& p) |
187. Seizure of assets
6 h x% h' N7 H0 p$ p+ h/ \3 G 188. Dumping( E$ j$ r; }& |% f, ~& c' G
189. Selective patronage
Q" R2 o J- r2 o% E/ G 190. Alternative markets
6 k/ n6 D; z! V 191. Alternative transportation systems
, q# l! } I9 q. D* J 192. Alternative economic institutions1 q! j6 ?: c2 P. f7 n3 k* C
/ U1 `; f) p( w1 r3 H/ Y3 o
Political Intervention
0 S9 _1 p3 d2 ~: n: @ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 |( v; G; c$ c( H" N Z, k2 i 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 |8 y" P' o- ?( n) ^+ p 195. Seeking imprisonment, W h4 V# e U. Y) D) I6 p
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; ^0 a+ y9 o# y3 X) {/ G3 U- h 197. Work-on without collaboration
6 d. ^, j/ k- h9 q( U! P+ I5 D 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 o1 F$ K0 f* t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
