 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 ~3 D8 s1 b) S1 J
Formal Statements7 U i( I$ D/ `! T0 I& T& n# E
1. Public Speeches
% ] s. P& D$ Q& \) O 2. Letters of opposition or support3 V5 N9 s1 {+ P" x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ b a% J6 d! d4 T4 S% r3 D
4. Signed public statements4 A. R" t8 S0 S$ [) {
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ p0 H( d# J! R
6. Group or mass petitions/ B9 X: J" ]0 ]9 d8 j* t$ }
' B. K" ^ i: t- N E( _4 k
Communications with a Wider Audience
9 P7 m* n. O/ p" \+ A$ }( g 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 s8 H; t5 s$ M5 g! `+ a 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& R v+ t) R% T/ [. n4 X4 u5 U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! J: z1 V. H# D: f1 A2 J6 J 10. Newspapers and journals, z% a5 J9 D: |, z" M1 h
11. Records, radio, and television( M4 V# k9 Q5 A: H/ L. g( i9 a
12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 t% Y( D0 L. ]2 U
* \$ D; C7 f# g' I" kGroup Representations
0 V a2 l" O3 ] k. ?4 h& O 13. Deputations! M9 X' L7 A; p" }7 |
14. Mock awards8 O" E0 |8 m2 u; ?, c# x& m
15. Group lobbying. _$ Q# s* g! R" C/ }. y
16. Picketing
" u2 c! X1 j7 ^' V3 ] 17. Mock elections
( _/ `2 x" K$ Z% o, V
: [# p: j6 g) K, a: Y( s/ L! g' USymbolic Public Acts" U: F7 \) G& b. T7 Q: ~7 C
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) [0 u0 w1 R2 s 19. Wearing of symbols
+ v! F/ d# Y! J0 h3 [, V 20. Prayer and worship
. X {% k7 b0 f* e) [/ o3 U/ F 21. Delivering symbolic objects
( y, s6 D/ |# U 22. Protest disrobings
/ F% z( V1 M; B# \9 j& i! x 23. Destruction of own property
$ ~# |, A; a; t+ u' M9 U 24. Symbolic lights
" F4 l+ U6 R: n' T 25. Displays of portraits
% |4 I, T$ \! m% Z, `1 ^ 26. Paint as protest7 |8 W7 D. \8 f- l( j u
27. New signs and names
% d5 q7 c2 e) @$ |5 }5 v8 K0 b 28. Symbolic sounds
4 d5 S% a- j2 L" X: U 29. Symbolic reclamations
" I# K" h3 S, i G 30. Rude gestures
9 C: j1 R: Y$ y( E6 w2 K8 e& q' M8 u0 U' w0 I$ `
Pressures on Individuals2 w0 @& y- x, k1 i7 D
31. “Haunting” officials
+ L5 t3 ?9 U* w1 x% d/ r/ b5 L+ O 32. Taunting officials
$ L+ W8 E. O* C; ~5 b 33. Fraternization
! G6 X; h6 E% _3 {* b 34. Vigils5 g. P1 m4 [1 G' |, x3 d
" T& `: i0 }5 A& fDrama and Music7 n% b) W+ l& D/ u; A
35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 y# P% r4 J4 D" e4 W 36. Performances of plays and music
3 L3 {# h( g% D9 F7 g 37. Singing* u) a1 R$ Q( ~* q, y& c' h
2 `! H% w4 A# cProcessions
0 P3 Y; w A* ^; }0 {2 @ 38. Marches9 ?6 p9 z8 Z- C/ z
39. Parades
, c) n! O/ _ c% Q 40. Religious processions# K9 `- }* V7 S! `
41. Pilgrimages( X& Z3 [$ p' s' G
42. Motorcades
+ z9 h4 O+ N$ n, m6 c* ~' z2 d1 L
5 U7 H% c% Y4 k! H$ {; d- ]7 @/ }/ eHonoring the Dead$ R" v3 f( d# M8 v
43. Political mourning
6 A9 w4 A2 S7 g j" j 44. Mock funerals
; ^9 q# h" {' y( \% I 45. Demonstrative funerals w/ I- b* h7 h$ y4 J4 G9 Q/ w
46. Homage at burial places# z1 @& n; [* K6 O6 D D) N; g! f
+ z' @# [7 r# f3 ]2 O, aPublic Assemblies4 F- C% v) @+ L& L- `, a$ _
47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 u* A2 @* C+ P+ P) @! f0 S 48. Protest meetings2 D' ~, H. Y3 o, m
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( G% W" ?; e1 [: S8 O6 r. z
50. Teach-ins
' e- k6 ^' y: c- U
5 |% Q9 |% [/ n4 c$ vWithdrawal and Renunciation: S! S1 {4 _ U( H
51. Walk-outs4 \& ]% P/ w' E+ U: O
52. Silence
2 n$ ^; y; C& r" U8 e0 n 53. Renouncing honors7 H2 @/ Y& N; P2 l4 R
54. Turning one’s back
! x* \8 ?9 Q* _2 i2 O4 z3 T9 j
$ i7 ?' v, F9 R* D) P" d. [6 ^ & |0 c6 ~! r3 P, i* ^" ~
0 O: S+ R2 Y) F& {! p" @1 ?THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
+ B# Y+ l9 B# a. f8 a! T: D2 x0 x" u, K
, y2 ~ V' G+ U$ M% E- h) i3 H
2 Z7 E5 g7 Y4 i0 e0 C/ J) E0 ^7 Q ]) s
Ostracism of Persons
' x m% ?( Q" y$ E 55. Social boycott
- |) q k. [" C 56. Selective social boycott& a* y8 ^5 d2 S! r7 F
57. Lysistratic nonaction
( s; t, K5 z* E: g9 d$ E 58. Excommunication
- o, M6 L: z0 ? 59. Interdict
4 C/ E) J" ^7 k* L$ ^" Q
! ]8 i- o, O( i. O3 rNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# [( O7 ~& `* b4 F2 r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 {0 O% m$ `: S+ p6 S. }/ S3 ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs
2 V# M: ]- {0 Y- a 62. Student strike5 N, A1 p8 \; Z0 R+ l$ M
63. Social disobedience
5 y+ F( {* ?& u! q4 R 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* x- S" Z" L+ s
, A* z6 h' f( B! ]& S; G$ e
Withdrawal from the Social System
- `* Q+ `/ E- [' Q! y0 e1 o0 d2 W 65. Stay-at-home, @7 B4 @5 ~ I- f
66. Total personal noncooperation- F8 F$ v: ]$ C0 N. e2 O% {
67. “Flight” of workers
. Y+ P) \/ i8 g' }$ _7 V 68. Sanctuary
1 O, |1 |" L+ K* [+ s% e( j 69. Collective disappearance
: m. j" d1 ]; J" D5 n: c" m 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 }) c7 {) D+ C, r `. I* g1 y) E' i
1 E5 \- ^8 [% A0 ~ 3 ]9 \' y( H7 N5 l
1 h/ x; F* v4 [; c4 J1 h6 aTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS3 B0 D% W$ w. Q# D! Q. }, M
. [; x4 w. o: m; n+ j6 B& x; E, D : n* F+ i* m: S4 L3 s1 R
Actions by Consumers
. t/ }! E! C+ T- {7 S, o5 ]8 s 71. Consumers’ boycott
) ?% O0 N9 E5 X$ n G 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, s2 r( S/ ~, b9 V/ K% m
73. Policy of austerity' q* f0 P4 t" {( N! l
74. Rent withholding
4 L u3 v, w& {) q6 v+ E9 J [5 r 75. Refusal to rent% ?& l a' p( _( E6 M
76. National consumers’ boycott
# Y. \6 }& {0 W0 Q1 a* B 77. International consumers’ boycott4 X. y h8 W' k6 E
! s' Z+ S8 K6 X+ K/ U
Action by Workers and Producers6 |- P9 L1 d" r; }/ E
78. Workmen’s boycott
; \! R& U; c0 }0 a W3 U 79. Producers’ boycott4 W* B2 y$ @0 j
$ q8 ]2 u& U+ K) k. E7 M4 r4 \Action by Middlemen& U3 `* i- G, \) ^4 n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 ]; W# c0 Z. C7 w. S9 j% @, Q
$ j+ R/ v; w0 h' }+ yAction by Owners and Management
% Y0 Q! V( h8 C2 B2 q/ ?. |/ Q- A 81. Traders’ boycott/ f. {8 f% F* b1 s: _5 o
82. Refusal to let or sell property# p. k$ P5 H: d3 r
83. Lockout
8 q' t( _% a2 w3 z) r4 P' q6 { 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ a2 g3 z8 G6 ?, p a
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 `3 Y- N% J+ g# n) J
- S, l$ W: p4 V$ E" p! GAction by Holders of Financial Resources
1 T# J# E/ |& _2 u3 q) Y/ f! u4 ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& ]6 d) x5 Z" C6 U" t3 j% X2 S 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! W7 v( U0 m" W: Z2 W
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 e+ M) L! _) L* k6 t
89. Severance of funds and credit
7 q5 ~: _: x5 l0 \ 90. Revenue refusal' I# a$ q) u. h
91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 {1 O& X, z/ t4 `2 Y$ S
$ j5 L- }9 O% ^# w% r& c7 q d- QAction by Governments o; f0 j3 z @ z7 L7 O7 y; ^
92. Domestic embargo- h) k' H4 H1 A" _* f
93. Blacklisting of traders
4 ^2 v) K x1 R+ ?" L: U- @# m, O 94. International sellers’ embargo/ x. S8 s) K6 a( p* D2 _
95. International buyers’ embargo, ]$ @! `! x% N. ^- a ]
96. International trade embargo
6 K8 x: r% e9 o* ]( U0 e! z* s
3 d8 n: {$ ?) M; o+ G; h 6 ]& q7 h8 e/ T3 J
' w0 m9 c* G1 n1 @- l; oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& l4 F' E4 k5 K* n
6 K' s4 B8 H; M) N- } / p* P& W1 L# {7 p, |
Symbolic Strikes; m: s$ J- C$ I8 _1 G0 n* v
97. Protest strike
0 J3 m: t e% `: j" m1 H) s 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ d/ [' [& {* q; n: o& P' ?& G* z/ _* P, S3 \
Agricultural Strikes: H: r% Q' u B* i% e% I
99. Peasant strike
3 Z! {2 O2 N6 ]6 ]) G 100. Farm Workers’ strike
: R- W! r) w0 C3 W8 r1 o5 Q# @2 G( m' l9 S
Strikes by Special Groups
% o3 g# y2 @# ? q6 f 101. Refusal of impressed labor: d7 a# z/ Z( G
102. Prisoners’ strike; Y* K H: r0 b2 j7 J
103. Craft strike
5 m/ \# Q4 \; a* b2 b 104. Professional strike% O' i2 p/ n# n9 y5 C2 g
$ y' c. N0 ^" {* @Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 r1 V0 U& }$ \. U; e, } 105. Establishment strike
8 d" v* h/ y" N9 f! g 106. Industry strike
" h/ w( w! q- o& r" P$ M 107. Sympathetic strike0 u3 @% {7 U- E5 t
. g, r. Z$ A& i& [- U: e8 I
Restricted Strikes: i$ ?! [3 V0 P/ s
108. Detailed strike
- w) n1 m2 F4 O' [4 w# V: H- N 109. Bumper strike3 |7 o5 n$ U, z# y
110. Slowdown strike$ W7 h5 z% |! f6 L. [; a
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ j; Q3 W( t8 L& `, L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 w; W) b1 G5 f 113. Strike by resignation3 D) I6 F/ d0 R
114. Limited strike& {, R5 y# K% [7 l' Y w. g4 I' c
115. Selective strike9 z: r* J8 L6 j
% C+ B( k0 A, w) Y- P8 ?# i8 b
Multi-Industry Strikes/ u& {9 u) |9 X+ w
0 b. ]" |3 q B# H8 C- N$ v# J 116. Generalized strike
: ^& \, r- }' X( E3 \, e: h1 }/ b7 x% I- y7 o ?5 \# i" ?# J
117. General strike
* k! l% x% w. W7 U- O7 |1 ^
1 a# N& h5 k% t: L! CCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
' R E( z5 V$ {, Z0 p& |5 k0 O2 r) q. l! l
118. Hartal4 \3 {' m& h1 W8 x" W' C
& E; u, O: j1 z 119. Economic shutdown
; ~( l; w1 Y! _7 W; b8 M4 i) F8 z5 E2 `
: d( U; h0 j1 x9 N: D
. v, G+ {& @2 Z! R0 ~0 t# J. N0 PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ z7 n$ j( o( u
/ m- F8 P' A; x+ \* O
& X. T5 \* Y# n- n$ jRejection of Authority
+ h/ B. v( ^- i% B |; r2 _" ` 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ K+ u' f4 u4 f9 g# j 121. Refusal of public support2 a8 v2 D0 o d z0 ]
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) n. i/ b2 b0 ~8 b4 j& U, D4 H
5 z- w% L# C9 _9 Z3 w; s6 K4 U8 S: TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ a4 j2 p0 F% Q* ?9 m4 Z* [ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; V/ l# u2 h1 x) ^; C" _, u2 U+ g
124. Boycott of elections
9 v- e. u0 q2 M 125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ s( y5 e7 w. v
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 X; o7 v1 R( H3 }5 ] M. t$ d- O8 h 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, ]! [4 e8 d5 {) Y+ ]* k; r% ]
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 f" T3 a6 m$ c: G+ n/ y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 g" ]0 b k& ~+ f/ n( _
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ p f0 v) s' h' B. A# s8 e2 b2 X
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# }8 S, U) D; t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& P* Z. a% ~: W* I E* S }2 ~" O: @8 z7 U; J
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 j' b( T7 ?3 b7 q, Y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 q: T( X( U$ H, c: d# x8 D 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" m$ e9 }" R5 D; v% `& h# Z
135. Popular nonobedience
. P* S4 N8 v p- d 136. Disguised disobedience
0 g9 }3 D: H/ w2 q& X% Z/ g# h) P2 \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 p' F* C1 d$ {- ~
138. Sitdown% j$ M6 B& Z6 b; k/ s
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ j E! s& S7 n' r* n 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( K/ k* Q/ v" q7 h6 u& i 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' V, O3 _ T6 e2 o. ]
. L2 N5 n% [- G0 L r' L% d% ^
Action by Government Personnel o6 f. k9 e" C/ e! ]/ O+ S# b' y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 z) o! s* U, C, [" D 143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ W/ a0 X$ W. l% s6 X0 W7 N* O
144. Stalling and obstruction8 F" B0 I% L; w. ?2 o
145. General administrative noncooperation# ~1 u# M# f- ?& L/ W
9 v- j7 [: M$ i/ I9 p
146. Judicial noncooperation
8 X7 \8 P& n8 }; l* S, q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, I9 a3 O8 g' [9 F9 t8 R% Z. O5 A 148. Mutiny
/ n# ^% A) ?5 n) I: C2 GDomestic Governmental Action+ A0 G6 o- q/ s4 m
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 u- }" C. d' p6 O% N 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! J5 l: Q% m5 |5 F4 k& w% p/ ?8 |: K4 \
International Governmental Action8 h% C, ^* \, ^! A3 f5 [3 L9 h
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; n3 [# _ H; y' P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* j0 j/ a- E. H 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 l$ s5 z$ |* d; I: ?. Q' H9 e# J) k
154. Severance of diplomatic relations% G0 a: ]# d6 x+ j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 D" H% k* T6 Y/ Q" O. m. L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 g3 h7 Z! D! p0 S# e1 X) H; | 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 R% a# M$ D. `/ k
0 o7 U' ~* h: Z( E9 Q y6 y
1 W* y# ?: X% L) k. Y
4 b: a. ]! y" U/ ?THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 `7 |' R9 H; e. r+ [8 J8 X
+ _ s+ y& {" Q+ m9 z. c
1 r! D: j4 j& x; s; ~2 PPsychological Intervention* l, P% Q' W% i9 l j4 @ w& W0 D
158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 _. p) D* B% v/ f& O 159. The fast1 s$ ~) R7 l" o' i# C3 z+ g) ~" V
a) Fast of moral pressure7 X* R7 d& m: W1 w0 q
b) Hunger strike( O [; Q# K* u' q4 p) |
c) Satyagrahic fast! b' x0 a5 x* E& z& B
160. Reverse trial
: Z: ?$ C8 D2 f0 n) f! m 161. Nonviolent harassment
" E* \) v* P4 n6 e5 x' `; ~& t& o6 }7 y& n- f3 @" |+ J
Physical Intervention
% N8 J! p! V5 z0 J) W: p) E, B+ Q1 Y 162. Sit-in2 `3 h1 p( [5 W
163. Stand-in4 C/ k7 `2 [% W; ?7 ?. x
164. Ride-in% U1 `1 w8 @5 e: s3 @
165. Wade-in
' N9 ~1 j: c. Z' c0 A 166. Mill-in" E- Q$ H6 c6 c6 f
167. Pray-in
4 | B' @& R! ?2 c2 G( S+ h 168. Nonviolent raids
2 n0 r: i1 }4 ?$ s* m) ` 169. Nonviolent air raids
7 G: K' p. S! p- s# F) T o8 I 170. Nonviolent invasion
0 h& H% `* c# s' g8 G$ {, {" t 171. Nonviolent interjection
, V0 P$ S3 t1 \! m r6 r# R 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& ?4 q' O$ I' ^# Y y3 ]' t* ~ 173. Nonviolent occupation
! k W3 H+ ^5 @" D" W9 r6 K( Z2 {6 m9 l5 N3 m
Social Intervention; U3 O7 Y3 Z. S, k9 p+ g
174. Establishing new social patterns
% r4 l/ ^5 `6 [1 ], p+ h; i+ _ 175. Overloading of facilities
7 b9 x& K1 k" |% {2 @" _ 176. Stall-in: X. G: p% d, x, i
177. Speak-in
, W6 |9 g& {: g 178. Guerrilla theater+ U8 s; [/ o/ [. E
179. Alternative social institutions& J# y! A' P6 y6 h
180. Alternative communication system$ W9 W- Z! U9 {/ h3 S7 ]8 B
1 J7 M# g) Q4 J+ A
Economic Intervention
7 Q2 F/ E6 `* B( G 181. Reverse strike0 J! y) d0 f& a4 S" x
182. Stay-in strike
) L" ~ m/ K, Z* q0 S# Z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' Z/ P3 r+ y5 ` 184. Defiance of blockades4 C4 m, N" ~1 w) q1 M
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, n0 w8 `3 c M1 G7 {7 X, ~ 186. Preclusive purchasing
`/ W- _, v! R/ m& D 187. Seizure of assets
+ _" B5 c4 ?' v: e 188. Dumping& d" `/ k1 ^& V
189. Selective patronage
% j+ o1 y. ?; h4 J" R 190. Alternative markets ]2 Z9 n% N4 H: N; |3 _" r6 o5 E
191. Alternative transportation systems
) |! U7 W, l- {* o# b1 c 192. Alternative economic institutions0 R3 ^# z7 e8 w! s/ W- h5 g8 j
8 O8 F; P" b0 _5 ]- C& x6 n
Political Intervention
8 u* R: ^. I8 c; d" x: W4 _: @5 p" c 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 Q2 }/ [2 `- u- ~ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 G1 X+ w3 i @9 K 195. Seeking imprisonment0 r5 g8 _! Q H& q* O; g
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% F: r# p' |+ b4 I
197. Work-on without collaboration6 `9 H: G0 b" D
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
6 _+ c- v4 u/ O( w( |6 L5 l2 b7 y+ a k0 Y5 M
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
