 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( z' W4 M$ i7 R6 C: R
Formal Statements) t0 z: y2 E8 \+ a
1. Public Speeches
% H, K, s/ A4 m5 E 2. Letters of opposition or support" p5 @+ u* z% K
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' v: ]- R. p. Z; |
4. Signed public statements
4 W4 M) e' l3 c; ]& E. [4 I 5. Declarations of indictment and intention: z3 a3 ]/ A. R8 D3 K$ I0 v
6. Group or mass petitions
% b5 j( K; a, G" T( q7 @- T2 z. n! ]+ ^( M/ a5 o, E% `# J
Communications with a Wider Audience/ R! j+ m- R- B7 u2 v+ V
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; c) F$ ^8 m, I1 V
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" i$ \2 Y1 [1 S( [+ c; i& j( w
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* q& N, K3 o# R6 p' p
10. Newspapers and journals
$ N: w1 d/ l1 R9 b: a 11. Records, radio, and television
! Q* U, Q6 `7 ?$ }: t, A8 j 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 m2 s, R2 `% Y# _# _+ e
0 o9 a' f g6 @7 Z1 j1 |" c4 OGroup Representations
; ]% J1 i; M) c7 i2 p4 S7 P 13. Deputations3 t9 E, |# z" f$ [- f6 u# {" e: B* b
14. Mock awards
1 u+ U% {% `) C5 X9 Q. F/ C2 l) Z 15. Group lobbying
4 T9 s% \' }; P8 Q+ Y. a 16. Picketing
x) z0 F; O; e 17. Mock elections# @) G- A4 W9 t& |, j& @- j
0 N3 g' s: b0 l+ @5 n' K8 _; {3 w* _
Symbolic Public Acts+ ]4 F6 C, S, @( ?
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: H _7 p% R" b* V
19. Wearing of symbols
/ f; i* }- O" q/ K7 Z4 Z 20. Prayer and worship
( `9 Y) E/ R1 D4 F" P 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 E0 ~6 D2 h9 q# p; g 22. Protest disrobings8 x* g6 D3 q! Q3 v' \
23. Destruction of own property
. X& X/ Y; @8 u# J 24. Symbolic lights
- i7 |& ~( M7 Z$ K; {4 Y 25. Displays of portraits/ q. g9 ?4 `& ]; C
26. Paint as protest+ W& h: q$ }1 S4 y% v
27. New signs and names
% Q$ [& C& _& M" f" G3 w 28. Symbolic sounds: l3 g" Q) b8 Q7 g, S; F
29. Symbolic reclamations
`. |9 ^+ M! ^" y 30. Rude gestures4 p% b' J X, B2 A) Y
8 w3 U5 K: d* ^, _! ]* x. sPressures on Individuals
% c% u# q; d8 A. Z( z' `7 Q K 31. “Haunting” officials
3 P$ ]0 t8 N) j 32. Taunting officials" u: e; L8 K% S ~
33. Fraternization# Z! x9 `! I2 g6 w
34. Vigils* B, K& G& H6 g9 c F) _, R4 v
3 M9 Q: e4 Y- T( L
Drama and Music& Y4 `, o1 F& `4 S% b* _/ ^. \: T
35. Humorous skits and pranks
* A" J$ W: M- L! G$ ] 36. Performances of plays and music
y) O' }4 j5 R& n4 s, s) e 37. Singing
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Processions1 B# _5 f7 f* n
38. Marches
9 w# Y2 \9 V+ W% X* ?! B8 ~ 39. Parades
! |( q& }; w& m9 @7 m R7 A& @ 40. Religious processions
! O5 W1 k' K. ] 41. Pilgrimages8 _' G8 S3 y/ x: W o1 q
42. Motorcades
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0 ]% I- b) T* d; g& a. {/ u' A) UHonoring the Dead# A( J. f; y: d, j+ ]/ w
43. Political mourning
{6 P5 l9 a+ D! r( b3 h 44. Mock funerals
9 L& M. k$ _: A+ s; ` 45. Demonstrative funerals1 r$ \2 F/ g J2 d7 H% |
46. Homage at burial places- z: w, Q; s! r
2 J' o1 G0 b7 [, `3 \7 }% Y! }! {3 YPublic Assemblies
' l: E8 D; x9 k! d. T+ Q 47. Assemblies of protest or support' ]: \0 S0 {7 F5 e! Q. E
48. Protest meetings* G i$ a5 c& y) w! X
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; Z0 V4 x4 ~8 U* f
50. Teach-ins; Y' \6 P0 R: B# O) F
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Withdrawal and Renunciation/ P: b' ]$ A+ P. F
51. Walk-outs) S! ~! C$ b2 z
52. Silence
9 y: ?7 m# r: x- M+ f. @, I 53. Renouncing honors4 l9 n0 n/ X% Y
54. Turning one’s back4 V$ [* l9 F; ^' p2 u3 J
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z* Z2 F% u/ [8 ]1 N$ i+ K c
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 K6 k m0 P+ V3 C
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6 s0 ~% v! K1 T$ L( x; r6 EOstracism of Persons
" v# T& ]0 o9 u 55. Social boycott0 c0 h/ ?- p0 M4 C" V1 D" q! ]; D
56. Selective social boycott! T, C1 [; v: E
57. Lysistratic nonaction, G% J7 R/ p' _
58. Excommunication/ G* H7 O" `9 ?7 a j1 S1 @7 i
59. Interdict
8 M2 H7 U/ e2 ~ J1 r& ~9 x- k
! V$ X0 y7 x! S( F8 qNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 V' { F7 p% A5 ? 60. Suspension of social and sports activities* [, V7 D2 c1 d2 |" E* m* d1 k
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 R+ }/ I0 i% ?* j1 }) t- s4 h# L 62. Student strike2 R; X+ g1 @( s- T3 `7 c: {
63. Social disobedience# M- L7 m6 m0 _: I3 w* C3 s/ R
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 p7 b$ d( n; @
9 W9 m* X$ G$ u3 y/ E0 C% WWithdrawal from the Social System# F% ?4 {/ I; @7 b' p' Y; y
65. Stay-at-home
5 X8 \; ?2 m/ z* K; ? 66. Total personal noncooperation
" n8 X4 n; r! g& K0 H1 j$ p 67. “Flight” of workers9 X: b# s- @! u6 H
68. Sanctuary
3 o3 }6 Y1 O$ y) R( B 69. Collective disappearance
7 q A( g, @9 ]+ {8 O, v- R2 v* y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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# s1 c: i1 J3 O! R9 [Actions by Consumers
S) E: r, X9 V: W 71. Consumers’ boycott
; Q3 p* H9 N B" ?8 [# [( Z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 ]' e$ C" ^4 }4 v6 s
73. Policy of austerity3 K( ?4 y. K- h
74. Rent withholding8 M1 A# A2 e: s& a- K) v
75. Refusal to rent, V' H! o+ L- U' C& V K$ O
76. National consumers’ boycott
1 J9 J# X U2 I; z& v; S 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 E1 d$ }+ V) Z& U6 ~4 b: ?* y. N% @. H5 T$ @) P( i; a- W
Action by Workers and Producers
6 x9 F S; ?5 [6 O 78. Workmen’s boycott& |- c( U/ K* t3 ^
79. Producers’ boycott) N1 h% ~/ \3 X6 _; m/ y
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Action by Middlemen' d+ X) B# Q# T* W
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 f1 U2 s8 J/ A7 B) ]& r5 `
4 y$ b# G3 e* R: ?+ U7 ?
Action by Owners and Management
6 R/ J c/ L# c: {5 x- t( ]# W 81. Traders’ boycott
4 ~/ e/ H! l$ U% \ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
( `3 |0 h& C2 \4 D 83. Lockout, f# h4 h. I" @# {+ Y* {7 h% ?$ v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance& a4 {( g1 Q2 u3 d" ~- B
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& [7 k$ I' K8 y: G% M7 Q! R1 y+ @9 o% k
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- C7 z% D! |2 ^: }, f/ c 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 c2 Q9 l4 p# I/ t, Y* ^+ H
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 x2 k! v' Y( F
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 d: a1 ?( x& H# x0 R& ~ 89. Severance of funds and credit
$ z X) B L, t A2 c# ~* V 90. Revenue refusal
! S% T- v2 u" J0 d6 e$ A 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments1 F6 F1 B0 h; d# W
92. Domestic embargo
1 V8 d# v6 A3 _2 f0 ^2 H 93. Blacklisting of traders
8 r5 O( r U9 B6 a% D' \ 94. International sellers’ embargo. g3 ^0 m+ g& @* F+ K) S
95. International buyers’ embargo
D! G# H% M6 {6 a2 L 96. International trade embargo- c8 @* o2 X$ T- I/ `" h; Z4 x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
. M2 v8 h1 P, v. g6 l7 i2 \2 W6 N! S 97. Protest strike8 m4 F1 Z1 j7 Q" E' E
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 b5 K& y; B& @( @, ]
/ p, G7 m+ o7 h( ^0 d5 k6 z
Agricultural Strikes
5 W7 }" E" v! J9 _6 z) j( ` 99. Peasant strike
% a( V$ X/ D0 C: p/ Q ]" l 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ ?/ R! N1 g, k# o. m, ]0 \* U" x8 G- T" W
Strikes by Special Groups
% y3 R* E( }9 S2 [+ R 101. Refusal of impressed labor: O: P4 N* w' A/ F- o; x- C
102. Prisoners’ strike. U, F, w: h* o3 r
103. Craft strike
$ P+ i- O' x/ ^# B6 a 104. Professional strike) [9 J7 ^2 V8 Q8 ]' R
0 P3 y2 ?4 W# F( x/ }" A
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
: c+ B9 Y$ o' W" G1 c r) m" o 105. Establishment strike# B# J K, \- [* }- E4 F
106. Industry strike
% I% H# V( Y0 e) J2 \/ j7 _) Z 107. Sympathetic strike" u: ]! b: e6 }+ U: s& w
1 L3 A {- Q# w3 _" s& `( s
Restricted Strikes0 v$ A. h5 m4 p, ^" E4 y
108. Detailed strike' c& e( m: g: I$ O' e* w1 a# J5 F! y
109. Bumper strike3 I& ^/ Z$ g3 D. ?+ o
110. Slowdown strike
7 M$ E6 M; W& D+ m 111. Working-to-rule strike
0 U( x. `) Z f 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% c2 `. x, d7 u- E 113. Strike by resignation
I" B" Y1 J0 t; V( b 114. Limited strike
6 r2 w) R& N+ y/ ~, i 115. Selective strike5 g' V2 h6 I- h. j, k3 n0 n7 ^( I
$ c e( e% t$ L7 g" o2 Q& FMulti-Industry Strikes
/ w: R7 k1 R- G1 {* S$ e
; o9 }% x( X1 ~; g 116. Generalized strike
, {' X- N; z% o6 g8 q
7 j+ t6 n, y" A# } 117. General strike0 v+ Y: a4 P. `6 e, {' V
0 G% t5 ?, `7 c7 B4 v% RCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures: b. P% {- A4 e! g/ n9 U' v
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118. Hartal
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; v# K: n( M3 |' v+ r3 d 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& N( n5 R0 _0 m% x5 p# y% [5 |
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7 h- E. P' j7 @* y3 `Rejection of Authority5 H0 _2 W9 ?" }# V2 D9 M
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
, x! K+ K7 n) | 121. Refusal of public support
% Z% h8 i: W8 O& h! X 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 } c3 [8 A* Y1 |" _# ?
5 x' l3 ]0 M& ^% G% J) ^3 T# ACitizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 g: U# c" B" `% C% q( M3 E# D& L
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 o: m: W. S1 q. `+ z
124. Boycott of elections9 B0 I' n+ O. L+ }- ~) @: {. r E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 H2 {. ~/ z+ v% \ V n 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& R0 [2 f* r+ n' r
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# O8 p1 v. D( Q$ \
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' N4 [" w3 h6 q3 a 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ p# e* z; S' V" Q) _7 g, j1 H
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# ]% |! n7 g) S6 R1 y7 D& u 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 L& z3 s+ ^% J3 t5 y& j. c% B 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) }. V0 P9 g( Z+ K* c" y( ]
9 Y' I' c/ I WCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 X: H* r2 K! @4 m! g g
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# g* L" B1 D; D) R+ T* b 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 c* }3 t1 f: @9 h6 V9 T
135. Popular nonobedience
3 [$ q& M' z; o3 Z9 a: y2 | 136. Disguised disobedience
' l; ]+ ]8 Y: m; N/ h 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, y3 b7 h/ Y3 k: n
138. Sitdown; x( J) z( ?1 G' U' `" [# p# U1 K
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 [/ k* v) F# Z4 O
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 [2 \6 m6 u; @2 E: e
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, T; d8 e# c( u
6 B; w: [* N5 RAction by Government Personnel
1 B$ S7 M8 i: O$ _0 a 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! X1 {5 q4 q, H8 z5 i 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 M8 d& N1 Q4 e& k- f* }# h 144. Stalling and obstruction" Q3 E" {, N* N7 f- r
145. General administrative noncooperation8 d( E1 j. ?' u4 f) I1 [; u4 _
5 w" A% M% t7 F 146. Judicial noncooperation% L3 D4 i) u! p* r5 C% F* f
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 f8 f" M3 r6 ?( F9 S 148. Mutiny$ @; l. ]$ _% q- x
Domestic Governmental Action
: M& e" c7 F7 t+ I5 R3 T% u0 d9 q7 d 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 r! n h7 }' i. X) F( z0 m 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" l8 m* T! d; ?' e' {: ]
. J; d7 j v' |1 k, I( S9 |4 V
International Governmental Action6 m+ k( @' C- E9 J h
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 B7 Z) j U, E; {/ w: D' ^/ h0 F 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" {4 q4 n9 w/ O+ Z0 Y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* K/ \4 i- b2 }1 u2 Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations o* @$ I% ]2 Z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations! ^, ^$ O' d, Y, E- C) M* q# Y; B
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' R( U- p0 F3 _# N& K 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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+ e( T' ?7 M6 V7 f. ATHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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3 v0 R9 A( ]- P F3 ePsychological Intervention q/ N& u6 ^0 ~& m- ` [) Q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- S3 Z7 i4 f0 x n 159. The fast
+ l- m8 i7 H) Z" b: ` a) Fast of moral pressure% |6 H' W& i# Z+ }6 p( e) c0 p
b) Hunger strike9 `! J4 z* O6 i: I
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ {- _! ^3 r1 Z- y 160. Reverse trial1 l1 o2 a( Z4 Q
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention2 V$ I- Y6 }! s7 p
162. Sit-in" j3 I# a# q0 L7 P3 U+ o
163. Stand-in" T3 ^' a& c* P: _+ C5 s
164. Ride-in
2 ]1 C- z6 `9 {3 e) m: P 165. Wade-in
B* Z* ?$ ~: p: K( B4 a- N) J 166. Mill-in
4 n) \$ r& [! @) T% ]; C/ P8 K 167. Pray-in: {" v# x: c, ]. K
168. Nonviolent raids3 {& I9 T- j, B7 W+ I' q
169. Nonviolent air raids
( \, W! Q& I5 V) E8 g) Q 170. Nonviolent invasion
6 K$ f0 C; f0 B' J8 u 171. Nonviolent interjection
. i6 V b9 s- c. B1 N% {# { 172. Nonviolent obstruction; F. x4 C% g) j8 w7 H& s
173. Nonviolent occupation1 g' v5 o" E: c4 _- }, ^
$ d; S, } S: L% V6 l6 mSocial Intervention) R+ J- K, S5 R
174. Establishing new social patterns
u7 Z7 i4 ~/ B t6 V& r% E 175. Overloading of facilities. Y3 T: I- [* o
176. Stall-in
- t* I; g/ {# r 177. Speak-in# {/ F2 Q/ O5 F: _- V5 S/ T
178. Guerrilla theater" F& a2 h0 r3 p% @% D
179. Alternative social institutions
% o) z$ u' ^6 \( z) [; P 180. Alternative communication system
+ b) ^6 z& L, ]$ e5 z: P
. w8 |5 y% ]! I3 ]/ IEconomic Intervention
7 E' t) ?# W2 a5 C/ Y 181. Reverse strike
/ a; T* E5 h( f* M" _+ m6 c& z 182. Stay-in strike
5 D/ H4 H3 e- x/ P/ p/ i 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ ]- K, d; k F/ _6 W! }
184. Defiance of blockades
/ W0 j# z1 V; N8 e z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ r3 ~& `6 R3 x( W4 E' G 186. Preclusive purchasing
0 N- Z q$ x5 ?6 |1 N. _ 187. Seizure of assets4 l! E0 o) R. H7 O
188. Dumping
1 \5 A3 W& `7 u 189. Selective patronage- J- ~" F4 w7 h
190. Alternative markets6 N( n0 D4 @: H
191. Alternative transportation systems
$ b9 Q% @) o5 ? 192. Alternative economic institutions
+ Z0 ?4 |1 @8 J) Q
. D$ P0 k9 D8 \; c* Q4 l6 tPolitical Intervention
; R+ {, c% g, Z' V+ x" C 193. Overloading of administrative systems" g6 f' ~7 q- r: v! Z# O3 {# ]1 ?
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* x3 k6 J# P$ Q. N ]8 ^# K 195. Seeking imprisonment
- J# a% [" Q5 [; p$ U0 J- Y9 o1 I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, Q8 n) x- K: Y7 Q* [
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 S+ y% h/ a, f$ J3 C0 b2 O- e 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
