 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ P$ T5 U) ^ f) R. `6 fFormal Statements3 |! F( A$ ~ i) ~
1. Public Speeches
( a% ]6 {. Y2 e" l) I 2. Letters of opposition or support
% g1 G/ Z* O6 N' T0 R' y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
2 d. Q$ `$ P5 X: j9 t 4. Signed public statements% b- ^2 G, R" J
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 o+ `0 P7 g/ g; [9 v2 b+ N6 P: D 6. Group or mass petitions
8 h3 m9 E/ }( K0 o+ Q$ k7 A' X9 ^
: G I( K2 h- Z, s9 H4 b* a* r4 \Communications with a Wider Audience7 `8 y9 ]: ]: C/ S' K
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 b; [8 v+ A0 D) E! q
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ F7 L+ {( Q5 i
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( y! u/ }$ W; |- c* g/ ^
10. Newspapers and journals8 t$ v* U3 y+ D. z+ y* p: x) W: D
11. Records, radio, and television
! q {7 g7 t/ h: @% N 12. Skywriting and earthwriting- o" F9 e4 j" D' S! s/ X
6 y/ U) _: K6 V0 K; i: Z; c' LGroup Representations( z+ N" } U9 k
13. Deputations* g1 H- s) L, z3 W
14. Mock awards3 Y+ x6 Z- G$ p4 U b3 D9 X' ~
15. Group lobbying+ a- e2 ?5 Z4 l! d
16. Picketing
; c1 q p+ |7 o% |5 t/ f 17. Mock elections" `, V$ K" \( Z
: [0 @- z" S% f7 Q3 s/ ]6 n) y
Symbolic Public Acts/ \0 D% Z; _! D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! W( `4 F$ h; A$ d$ u0 J 19. Wearing of symbols
' P# r! h, C) a$ ` 20. Prayer and worship; `7 c( A* ~9 t- m
21. Delivering symbolic objects
" z2 }$ m* C; v2 }% H6 D 22. Protest disrobings$ Z K) @: G; o- D
23. Destruction of own property; ^9 w2 v7 R' j+ u
24. Symbolic lights
% r8 U O; h: f- O$ @ 25. Displays of portraits. l, Q7 y9 U" W% g/ G
26. Paint as protest% U9 Q5 G2 Q- x7 u
27. New signs and names: u! ~7 A3 l6 d3 w( c; C
28. Symbolic sounds
$ q8 A5 d4 H' I/ X3 n9 k: h6 O2 |( l 29. Symbolic reclamations
% e% @' |6 t3 K, m 30. Rude gestures
" U @$ G0 l `& _5 s" ^* H# n/ U: m6 F
Pressures on Individuals# }3 X3 l8 G5 z E% n: \
31. “Haunting” officials+ t0 K+ K) d9 v. D4 v: h
32. Taunting officials, C. y3 l' B8 A* _
33. Fraternization+ M/ P, M( i3 E" s1 |7 }7 r
34. Vigils
# u5 [: N9 p- W4 L
) S. M; r0 K! b7 Z( |8 t. }, ~2 pDrama and Music$ i) c+ I! l- Q0 @9 F
35. Humorous skits and pranks* ?* p/ F$ R. I
36. Performances of plays and music
6 K! c! ]8 ~. H0 Q- ]% w/ J 37. Singing
& a! n* D$ S' ^9 u" x( q- J7 _
; B# @. c; Q7 G5 D2 sProcessions
, k, d' j0 Q4 Q" ~! h 38. Marches
! l, V9 {# Y0 [7 c r 39. Parades5 V% l t* k% I, N* E
40. Religious processions
7 Z8 C+ H( w9 j1 Z: c3 H6 i( D 41. Pilgrimages
4 Y }7 K2 n7 T& Q+ V 42. Motorcades% S# L& m( I) t+ ]* v
1 |( K& _, G8 ?0 ~ S7 {. K
Honoring the Dead$ ~3 y4 H# s7 C0 g" E9 F
43. Political mourning# f- F- l5 Z% o+ @9 { |$ X$ W
44. Mock funerals
5 s% O' O) Q# o3 ] 45. Demonstrative funerals
. l; b% r& i+ u* \6 a 46. Homage at burial places, M. V- z3 x' t& [
5 f3 B/ p; D6 y( ^5 r+ _) @: W9 NPublic Assemblies
" v- e' B8 P1 h$ q9 K \ 47. Assemblies of protest or support! N- j, n- w9 J/ D
48. Protest meetings. {& m$ i$ j7 R! B+ [! g* w
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 q C6 v* L- E5 V J' N 50. Teach-ins
3 M. H4 E# C8 ^, d% J+ g" c- E# w: Q4 z5 Q5 n! s% j/ y v0 F% ~
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 i3 I; w/ m. s6 q
51. Walk-outs4 C# t- m' M; w- p6 `: z
52. Silence6 C, k6 a: n2 d4 T4 p$ _( H
53. Renouncing honors' D% p4 ^/ z9 O# e8 y. V- v) {7 n+ k
54. Turning one’s back
: P% i3 ]# G7 E n2 d) ?, a0 |" d4 ^ Q9 r! b7 k3 x
/ D; O, p% ~! R+ D9 |: _* [9 s) M
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ t5 j, L7 g, G* ^; i! l
& p4 M! o. ~1 v' j7 T: G- ~5 Z
% E. s! ^& T" W& C
0 |9 B; w7 I7 S6 Z% z2 NOstracism of Persons; w2 c8 ^4 F$ `' }4 f0 V
55. Social boycott
3 m L. S' X# y$ L 56. Selective social boycott4 O) c" E3 @7 r; l# s
57. Lysistratic nonaction6 a" n$ ~! n! y( E+ u4 f% @
58. Excommunication* N$ ]! C' G) @7 E: B% o& P t
59. Interdict
' Z3 i6 \5 [/ s) g0 O
- s6 b5 A9 u X( v2 MNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ |2 W' P8 z4 `$ f2 W. S# I
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- f/ F+ b& j# n" p' o& s2 u6 ?& j 61. Boycott of social affairs' q0 q- ], _* \( ]
62. Student strike
{/ |) q" n" {8 k6 R' s( e 63. Social disobedience
' F1 d3 ]. p. C5 U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 M0 Y! B* E( ~, }' q/ ]3 m, Z/ V" I- H% e) S9 y
Withdrawal from the Social System. h& T0 D U1 T# b) \6 J- i
65. Stay-at-home
6 b5 b; i c2 a" R5 P' L2 ]1 f4 G 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ U3 f! u7 ^0 l7 D$ M9 E 67. “Flight” of workers
; r, C% R8 A e& i! N 68. Sanctuary
0 d+ u, k- q9 K1 x& W7 Y 69. Collective disappearance
3 D+ s9 G% E* X& Y/ H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
, i( q4 F. ?; P' e1 p0 H9 t9 L; O; j+ o# O) L; p+ V0 b, S$ W5 p
! ]# B$ K6 Q$ K5 y- N& k. V' f1 P4 x
( T+ v$ m6 T( s. p/ [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 G' t; Y" E2 S+ {2 V7 p
$ n& s8 C, R4 c( I " }: o( f4 F0 N4 ^6 X! D
Actions by Consumers- U! K5 Q8 i) y9 @# u
71. Consumers’ boycott
; C, V4 p1 s) \" M8 ^2 J* d 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 z1 ]) j3 C: H. ~6 n' |% a
73. Policy of austerity
% p& }! f" J5 m9 l9 H9 f8 Z 74. Rent withholding
4 j$ C5 D2 n' P3 A 75. Refusal to rent5 S6 D, Q2 z3 s* n% `; Z* K
76. National consumers’ boycott5 {3 s. ^$ T+ z; ^0 H
77. International consumers’ boycott
9 T; H! D9 q8 z) b8 F( f# p- v' |) s
$ X6 V: {: o y, }Action by Workers and Producers2 t& |" R( ^3 J- ?8 I
78. Workmen’s boycott
: q- n7 v8 R8 X/ W M4 q 79. Producers’ boycott7 z5 z6 r# v3 r {
4 o' y1 E* h7 }* p) Z. p5 p
Action by Middlemen
9 O" u1 X& G ], g8 J; [0 T$ K* T* m 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott* B/ s0 |8 Z! c+ ?
, U( F, _; v. @4 Z* G
Action by Owners and Management
# O* M6 r: @5 O# G6 m$ @ 81. Traders’ boycott
& U. \; M0 X0 E8 @ 82. Refusal to let or sell property* y8 s3 l3 s2 n5 y* [, |
83. Lockout# ^/ r) [9 J7 _5 {7 h* E# ^. |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' B! K0 e' O: D" I' |) s$ W 85. Merchants’ “general strike”) z: m* ?. e9 S L0 x, f
/ N, `$ {- H( d4 y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources* v0 D }6 i- L& w' i: v" X$ |
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ b; E: n! N' \6 ~! V9 D
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- P# c" _6 E5 A8 }! [) y8 S 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ b: i# H" S) a( F 89. Severance of funds and credit
f) P s: X% e' G- U8 b7 }- S0 { 90. Revenue refusal
% F) A1 _- \4 D' ^, _ 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 M) L5 [$ C1 i m" M% j7 R
4 p! ]6 H& h+ ]! K, w- F0 }: ]
Action by Governments, f( o$ E4 U* b( Q
92. Domestic embargo6 D: [5 L: @0 r! i" D" H. h
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 S) q& m) x4 X! T0 W. | 94. International sellers’ embargo4 M K; V9 E; |
95. International buyers’ embargo; E8 p9 ^- M7 b9 n1 t) {0 E
96. International trade embargo+ P/ Q# F4 _" }5 h$ I) Q
$ y' }( ^6 `7 s5 ]1 S$ l% [
0 V2 @; a: P. p/ U8 z6 P' v5 o: A- @7 J, V7 j% p' ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 j" X" Z! y4 r
( D5 t, [2 o7 Z
" o+ J+ k/ r7 l) w% ~" ^
Symbolic Strikes0 I1 D J8 U) J8 m
97. Protest strike
1 `! o# J. {! [5 E 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- s, {7 c' I3 Z) d! q& ] R9 @: e, q
0 C) q4 c8 }. `Agricultural Strikes0 p, | a7 Z( _+ b: {
99. Peasant strike
( k4 }$ Z% P, m5 L+ t$ N3 y- r 100. Farm Workers’ strike' S( i- y1 E! F* W5 @9 O. S1 o
+ i( m% E/ M- ^
Strikes by Special Groups' q. L3 Q% q# j6 V
101. Refusal of impressed labor
; I7 D, l: ]. A1 u; h* P. }$ s/ h 102. Prisoners’ strike" _' U' U+ J$ b5 e
103. Craft strike
9 j9 W) `. ~/ \9 U, f 104. Professional strike
2 j# a: j' W0 S3 l5 H
( d/ k+ E3 t: G [6 G4 \Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 j) z: u2 c" P2 p' |$ P 105. Establishment strike1 [( N/ D# h% t) h+ G+ P; s3 x8 g# H
106. Industry strike
7 H/ G. X) T( ?, H8 l 107. Sympathetic strike. b w: p1 T h6 }. V
1 o) N" p6 i9 t7 q5 W1 O
Restricted Strikes
: K# U" r# m4 {& p( `, J, S 108. Detailed strike1 V/ Q. v$ H! }) b; N* A7 a0 V8 |
109. Bumper strike
: p: \! @2 }$ K$ N. q 110. Slowdown strike
, k5 f+ n0 Y, Q% } 111. Working-to-rule strike* m$ v0 x: i+ j- U$ G
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
Y- A$ p3 S" J; ~. U/ m 113. Strike by resignation
' i$ \3 C2 a% g 114. Limited strike" Q- ^' U3 K$ g$ N0 p5 P
115. Selective strike' h6 C* Y2 l7 ?8 G. D
8 U6 U \5 ]% j- e. q t. F
Multi-Industry Strikes6 M, Z# S/ Y1 C% c. q! J
1 P1 i) t. u* w+ }1 {( R; i8 q 116. Generalized strike) ?% q5 y; C$ J! F" Q( V
/ f' J' c0 b" Q& M2 w) l( s, i1 l
117. General strike
8 M8 W! S$ d. K& k& f+ m
5 U! }0 w3 t* mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures" c. m Y0 Y1 u5 n1 d3 K& \
- i- h, H% v4 t' j- i4 O# U% |4 @
118. Hartal$ x- P" A$ T& Z
, f1 Y O! L2 q/ r5 z9 z& `9 L% F, v
119. Economic shutdown9 k( M4 i4 a& @: g, s$ Y- t: ]
! `8 e j7 K7 `+ f
4 V/ L b' J. N8 b8 X
5 P7 ?$ W. o; S5 {0 jTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ L7 l5 Z1 P: k1 f1 m! X
9 d: ]' s( u9 O/ |' {
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Rejection of Authority5 V7 K2 g( D: w$ u
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 O" y* M3 i* ^+ |4 I3 O5 } 121. Refusal of public support
; y9 U+ D" R! g% X5 L6 o 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, O, ~* y0 s3 l1 L) U# ` p5 K8 r; T3 X1 b: Y3 S- J( C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% K8 j" x8 E, } 123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 f. r# A' ~) F5 H7 e' Q
124. Boycott of elections$ [( z6 E. x7 c% ]) ?# Y) \& y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ w, r; S9 h# F; D, }
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! ]' S' `* ]1 p; z1 m
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* _" ?6 Z6 z/ x
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
A6 F! y3 z( T0 u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- B$ N* w4 B0 X' A 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 X5 f- ?2 I/ T! Y3 V: ~ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 Z' s! F! n6 z7 |% A% C/ L7 j
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 r! y s' b5 M& i+ L1 U* X; \
1 k1 h7 A( E! g, y% t! i' v5 |
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: Z/ s& A# r, X5 S" N 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) y8 s8 L, a+ e4 L% z- e4 \$ h% a 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: ?7 ~5 F L, P% Y. B5 M 135. Popular nonobedience
' p( ` ^2 z) w" i: d9 a- ~3 x+ A 136. Disguised disobedience
! Y1 | |, g& x3 h9 U, u8 N 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* Y$ X0 z7 O7 Y& m2 Y5 G. _
138. Sitdown' ^$ C/ y9 r7 J3 f$ ]- G0 z3 c4 s6 T8 Y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. d: |" w% W( F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& S9 z/ d) p# w7 i3 D& ?6 w3 E. \
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! C/ \' u8 N9 ?5 i( t1 w# L ^
+ w2 r- c" U% Z* LAction by Government Personnel
6 I2 b; d& d8 a* G9 {5 i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ g* C- |6 z6 H+ A. x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ s5 u8 s( n: T; V& E* a @8 G
144. Stalling and obstruction
$ `! a. Z# d2 Z' N! b* L 145. General administrative noncooperation e* F4 ~1 a( k7 i
6 y# m) r/ _$ S4 e9 T* r4 ]
146. Judicial noncooperation
! B" {3 l) e, Y7 X+ Z! k7 f 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) @3 \7 J# q6 h& `3 g; I+ t# C+ ] 148. Mutiny6 \/ V! e5 m( @$ \" A
Domestic Governmental Action, s7 ?# r0 ?. t. O2 Y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 A* y) R9 A* I1 Y9 l 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
" a* c- }% I" `( C, }& u! h) m# Q: h! ]% L' `
International Governmental Action
9 \' {, e2 b2 B/ b4 b* v3 k/ g 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" ^/ ^8 O( n; K. L 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 j; O( {3 d2 a0 _- d; G+ V6 U3 \) n' _
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. x" U; N, L9 P/ f1 C! b
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 _# V# N8 |5 y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations" R: K, Q4 N# K& `5 Z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 J9 b( x: _8 A) G* g" g
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 N% ~3 w; _5 q2 \. }: J( r
; B2 \0 C6 u9 C% E: a! y . `1 |5 U# w) E" e% Q2 X( {4 t& C1 `
! e! F C( U2 a8 D* kTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* b3 h3 p, Z7 r n* f% p4 Y9 `8 u
, N4 `9 m" _. }/ z, r' A5 v1 T5 ^
! `/ q0 ?1 i7 v% O6 v8 I' z; ]0 x3 _
Psychological Intervention7 ~9 T: u; O' b& e% t! }
158. Self-exposure to the elements
! ]6 P1 {( n/ `- ~7 f7 d 159. The fast$ I* e; {, S4 ^- R/ A6 F
a) Fast of moral pressure, q* Z/ t3 V z
b) Hunger strike/ @( c. D: ]% G
c) Satyagrahic fast4 G8 T3 X7 u3 Q: W0 `* _
160. Reverse trial0 L! E; o4 P6 r2 k) P
161. Nonviolent harassment4 q" W9 R! |; y) N/ t, w
4 E( }4 ?1 a w, wPhysical Intervention
/ ?" H3 k' P z 162. Sit-in4 U9 I7 W0 n j
163. Stand-in6 J+ I+ c$ E- t# A; V* h6 ?
164. Ride-in
. ^+ n4 L" }- [# n2 y; { 165. Wade-in
9 l. A- n. F& D! T! f% A 166. Mill-in
! N; N# O4 M/ S. t9 S+ z0 l 167. Pray-in
# p8 w/ o8 Y" E 168. Nonviolent raids3 G$ ]4 g- n2 u0 Z8 z' a
169. Nonviolent air raids
2 ?+ d6 A2 K% g; n; @5 J! H 170. Nonviolent invasion! U9 b6 w( W6 L: j8 k+ J
171. Nonviolent interjection$ T% L2 b, F K+ ]0 f: S) L$ s
172. Nonviolent obstruction& B" U5 v6 C" M4 ?
173. Nonviolent occupation3 f/ m% E1 z+ c! q
' @1 k t9 L9 |. a0 Z q. s' BSocial Intervention+ J$ {0 z q9 E
174. Establishing new social patterns. y8 X4 A7 z# W( A
175. Overloading of facilities
3 a& G( T9 M9 ]% {3 X; b 176. Stall-in
( _# n( _& e! Y* L. p2 M0 h 177. Speak-in: H4 ~ L! M. Z0 H3 Q7 g, C$ Y
178. Guerrilla theater2 p+ K3 H8 y* e. W3 `
179. Alternative social institutions
# a' A- M# H w6 f( d9 Q 180. Alternative communication system
) r4 J9 K h1 E+ j( v4 R
5 ~+ v) h' F/ i3 g* eEconomic Intervention+ n( d- ?% m6 V( c
181. Reverse strike
" L( Z0 r7 l! l( s! { 182. Stay-in strike) a% h0 X& G, ~( ^' D0 n2 p
183. Nonviolent land seizure8 e9 Y$ z+ y5 g, Z- Z, u9 O" ~
184. Defiance of blockades: i$ V) q& e5 R2 K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 k% p$ ~. T% ]. M
186. Preclusive purchasing
% z. Y4 D8 s. n$ P8 r 187. Seizure of assets. Q4 ~) h1 f* S% W
188. Dumping
) ?5 h; I, |+ I: t6 b 189. Selective patronage
# ?/ _, h7 \; r" j# [ 190. Alternative markets
4 f$ m% Q' W: l# `' U2 q7 K 191. Alternative transportation systems
. A# a+ f f, Z 192. Alternative economic institutions
. v0 L4 M, L% t. X& q6 q( r( C0 M# b- z6 Z! Y9 M
Political Intervention6 o. r% [7 f( M
193. Overloading of administrative systems
; S: b1 m. G& N6 l( W 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 U/ |! {+ s. `5 n
195. Seeking imprisonment
* Y: v* _* H2 d5 ]# t 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ U8 n- y7 n7 \& d5 o* l5 H
197. Work-on without collaboration
* L1 F, a5 O" h 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' J5 c( K& c) f; {( s7 m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
