 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: K: L. S0 t) I' T! j: x! ] S
Formal Statements2 A2 Q8 ?8 r0 c
1. Public Speeches
& L1 E$ |8 G. i: d 2. Letters of opposition or support
" s8 U6 Y9 G' I 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; ^& ^! `9 W4 g6 g6 r. r
4. Signed public statements" I+ j6 ?& u8 z0 u. u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) m* p: B# f+ ?3 u2 d+ `8 ~ 6. Group or mass petitions# k3 q7 b# ]5 ?4 v' m9 g) U' G6 m
2 l9 |& p) R+ n9 p
Communications with a Wider Audience2 _8 S4 x' B0 C$ y7 j9 M
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: e% v& g. [ i' }8 G: I0 B! G
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ p, N8 m' @* i* ^! R4 p
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 n5 J3 i$ G$ F, P 10. Newspapers and journals7 c& n3 ^$ a) q! S: E. A
11. Records, radio, and television
" v, [ H: z6 y* Q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting d# D& A9 S: v$ U1 n. F
9 Y( b: O! A6 U2 n3 lGroup Representations
) q8 s# g+ |$ ]+ P/ O 13. Deputations
" T- k& i- a, c3 |9 K 14. Mock awards1 h! M# j8 n5 `0 A/ A! r* u: l
15. Group lobbying" Q) S8 g, b- b5 L. I/ ~- c3 E' |% v
16. Picketing
3 o4 d" {8 r+ k+ j, ^* r 17. Mock elections
; `) v1 H6 y$ V$ `- b3 X* i3 n* D6 Y) j
Symbolic Public Acts
. j0 y' d h) s1 Z# D0 v" Y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( x+ O f2 P. A X
19. Wearing of symbols
C- I4 N' t. L* ^4 Z& V. Q 20. Prayer and worship
7 k z4 A$ X5 {4 [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
& K( h0 B8 X( e8 |+ m$ j 22. Protest disrobings
2 ?( A0 J7 I9 o/ e) k 23. Destruction of own property6 M) z; a {% t4 |5 _3 \% n
24. Symbolic lights% a0 z: \6 _9 m; l
25. Displays of portraits
$ Z+ @# x" R' Z4 Q5 d 26. Paint as protest
. Y1 b0 ?* K- L+ W 27. New signs and names: v9 {% U& ]0 b" L& h
28. Symbolic sounds# u0 s6 `! ?6 E% p! \
29. Symbolic reclamations" u* N& F7 u7 F* M+ Y+ b/ i
30. Rude gestures
6 ^3 \! U# _5 Y: C) |" O4 Z" z p% e& U/ }
Pressures on Individuals
8 B9 K- D J" x3 v 31. “Haunting” officials% e/ i2 B, I4 |4 \( i# Y0 }
32. Taunting officials( o& F7 N- P$ d; P* c7 l2 U
33. Fraternization
7 Q1 o- v' v0 _* ~* ~/ P 34. Vigils
. L2 J- m+ t; m2 [/ b x8 r# ]- F( |6 A( I% W, T" L+ s; f
Drama and Music
. I. y, }* m2 S/ E 35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 V3 N# s% m( |% l J5 X+ o3 W 36. Performances of plays and music
8 s6 A' I$ m* ~$ a' x8 e/ v 37. Singing
8 a$ o# |% [ o; _0 Y5 X3 ?+ m7 i+ S& b/ ^( R9 R' x
Processions6 c- j+ B% D# p, R, C' G
38. Marches
) i( ~' M7 y% ^. n: M& b 39. Parades
% U# A" Q% G: q/ I 40. Religious processions
$ J6 C4 q" A# ^3 o. p |/ |7 B; L 41. Pilgrimages
* a3 m2 s) L# J! f% ?1 P. O* v 42. Motorcades
! c8 j1 F) k, [# x8 Y# J5 g" y/ D/ K
3 K9 T2 H; ]1 G! {% OHonoring the Dead
# ` X! ?6 O- I) ~; O; H 43. Political mourning, [; y7 E, j- Z+ q- r
44. Mock funerals$ t( A) ^9 |( z5 j6 m
45. Demonstrative funerals/ a' `# {2 A' t, Y$ i7 V# r
46. Homage at burial places
+ N8 m- R8 R4 ~0 y. j2 t3 Q$ J6 K
1 \ O4 Y8 q; ~+ ]. W* C1 ]Public Assemblies
2 Q/ I6 s2 {0 {) i 47. Assemblies of protest or support+ W( f( x6 A" ~0 j
48. Protest meetings/ _) h% ~& G2 F W
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 D h I: C! z7 M
50. Teach-ins! J$ S) \) d- T5 Y0 p2 E% C" \9 f
, M9 [5 f4 j: o* d, o* l3 T
Withdrawal and Renunciation& S9 G7 T# a9 [- E& V
51. Walk-outs
/ `( m6 G7 X, t6 t; a: s 52. Silence
3 t9 A7 x0 L# Y" G I 53. Renouncing honors/ ?6 k2 H# g! ~
54. Turning one’s back
: }$ {; H @0 T4 F( ]& H! a
9 D1 L8 A3 W8 e4 p1 _1 q, F9 ?
% t# }) \, n" M5 c
3 N$ z# [) m! @* z8 ~THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
5 U* I' }1 i6 E6 }" @# o' h- p! S/ E% Y1 p- S* s$ i+ Y
! B! B3 F9 u7 @1 M* f2 O
( I5 k3 d4 J: Z' p4 AOstracism of Persons
8 [( ^7 L1 K% f- `3 p8 d 55. Social boycott
- j5 {8 l6 R5 i5 z8 R+ M' k" }* | 56. Selective social boycott
& ?+ \- ?& o% u& U% r K# @- ?. @* F$ k 57. Lysistratic nonaction* v9 p. N, I& }' g
58. Excommunication4 h% B5 {- c/ x/ z6 ^) J
59. Interdict5 ^3 N( M, s# ^. G5 r
) ~$ s% @" B( j4 N5 [2 X1 U
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( ~% r/ c. v- g( F( o: K 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 b1 U9 }5 {# K3 R5 d9 `# q 61. Boycott of social affairs% ] {$ W% B7 e# w0 X4 c
62. Student strike+ K5 f6 j3 f9 ~' G9 I8 g3 W4 S% h
63. Social disobedience9 d* U) e1 L8 E. `* p' c9 d+ P' H
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: o6 p, I7 p2 ?5 ]& K$ u8 b4 j1 o3 h; j' ]& V/ J$ m( m
Withdrawal from the Social System3 ?7 z- P0 U- I+ u
65. Stay-at-home" I4 r' B9 U* _: L6 X' ~2 W: ]
66. Total personal noncooperation
x2 ?- s* q: C4 N: Z; j" j 67. “Flight” of workers5 s. C2 M2 i! H/ x0 ?6 q1 H
68. Sanctuary0 \, ?1 V9 k: [% D; ^0 I
69. Collective disappearance
# c4 G; y" |# y3 Y. c 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% Y( X# Q2 k: N- F9 U" h6 \
) j/ @8 P. q) ]8 B- C
% n8 |% G5 F5 ~0 z& j$ q- H- [- K% O; ~$ h+ a1 R9 K! E
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 A; d& k) Z& X6 v" ?
' h% a9 @9 {9 `1 |1 W
/ {( k2 r+ c" b/ MActions by Consumers
- N- ~& ^- _+ H9 Y 71. Consumers’ boycott
+ c8 V- P$ V" p. u3 P, m! q: A. v 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" ?/ s& v) W; O; _' g3 X
73. Policy of austerity
* z4 y1 V/ O* J/ ? 74. Rent withholding
* L" }$ h% O* u: Z6 K- \! w* _8 Y 75. Refusal to rent" O- k# @+ e! f& v0 T, \- x
76. National consumers’ boycott
, l! J6 `: ?5 q: t$ g* D% t: x6 Y 77. International consumers’ boycott3 y5 G( Z* K( d8 P, c7 L2 c' M
! V4 s5 c' m- ]8 ~
Action by Workers and Producers! k& {7 P) d2 g) @/ f" J
78. Workmen’s boycott
; o" s- K7 M# _5 I7 p; @ 79. Producers’ boycott/ m0 k+ J" `. |
n) q) ~# e8 z! B
Action by Middlemen
% S1 P6 P f7 H0 r3 B 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" b r$ l: c* }' M) |( l4 E6 p- i- d3 {% ~9 N% t! d" _' ~8 {
Action by Owners and Management& H D; D! x4 e& r+ @! a/ ]: V4 R
81. Traders’ boycott4 A/ N6 u7 E4 j% f5 y
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 w- s1 s8 N$ |% _- Z) \% v9 p 83. Lockout. k2 d7 ? A; p0 w* g
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! ?% M2 [' C' h 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; k2 ]8 p+ i& w1 F" R+ _
7 Q1 w% x! o- Y9 D$ N; |" `% \" GAction by Holders of Financial Resources6 |8 O3 W" |8 R4 e X' x
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# n) G- i8 B) b$ C% P) y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
O, s& R# _) Y* G& l 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% P) i* {: ?2 t/ r1 U$ W3 A4 I 89. Severance of funds and credit4 O' E" J) y" Z+ ?6 `/ H8 F/ e: |
90. Revenue refusal
: O7 u8 Z) h3 o 91. Refusal of a government’s money
. d- p% t, E/ e* r3 [: b# y9 {+ @, u& M1 y: b2 Y
Action by Governments0 t. D x- K5 Z+ {, K
92. Domestic embargo2 N0 X2 M5 \; a
93. Blacklisting of traders
7 Y) p0 ^1 |9 N5 a$ r 94. International sellers’ embargo7 u$ J5 U: T( T% H0 Q6 w
95. International buyers’ embargo5 R2 ]- |( ?- m% m3 Z6 Z; Y
96. International trade embargo. t9 N5 ?! R! q% \ q' X. J1 D
2 S* t0 \4 ^# m. B" N5 j' u
1 R- x d. R( S: s. n/ F% G
0 T. U" p/ ~1 E) Q8 w9 n! TTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! y0 c7 J) ` R9 u- P5 u5 r
: i( G( b S: J) b7 Z* a) w ; b" Q1 ^9 Y; \# |5 s6 l* @
Symbolic Strikes0 e" |' R- A" A& g+ S8 z2 S
97. Protest strike
0 G/ ^2 n: k3 y8 a6 ~/ D5 H) R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 I" F/ q1 m* u/ v1 i' J! J, d* H
% w9 A5 O/ x" d; i" `Agricultural Strikes$ `) f, p, T0 Q4 y/ Q) Z5 x
99. Peasant strike
9 G4 z6 t. ^! _4 _ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
) B3 j( P# @! F p* b
$ f& f, K" E/ V& wStrikes by Special Groups
' x' ]/ P* q E8 U) k/ z, \, F. z 101. Refusal of impressed labor x* C( m# l. R# n# W
102. Prisoners’ strike" Z' ~ A3 \3 B/ ~
103. Craft strike1 C5 Y, @! }# F4 T
104. Professional strike8 e4 L0 m- I6 p- F" g! w
2 {4 C! T$ s0 M" U( H8 T2 HOrdinary Industrial Strikes
! y7 Y. M* K# W; [+ a 105. Establishment strike# ^- N0 J( {+ p4 Z8 t
106. Industry strike* n/ F2 c: _$ ?8 n
107. Sympathetic strike/ p: k$ A2 O' a
7 n5 c6 S5 i( v$ M
Restricted Strikes2 |0 P* M( |' @
108. Detailed strike/ T# y! R" {6 `* g. z
109. Bumper strike K% T" B4 L' I
110. Slowdown strike
% x2 N/ X, _ G2 M 111. Working-to-rule strike t( S5 x* ]# A; k$ q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ ?7 r1 X2 u. w5 j8 [, y- T 113. Strike by resignation2 G' W6 I0 v. J- r
114. Limited strike' B6 W2 k( q5 @) G7 X3 Q
115. Selective strike, |3 Z; t1 w2 ~5 o" b
. v& n# w6 o" o( x6 s( a4 IMulti-Industry Strikes7 j9 T9 p( |* `, U/ E& [4 x& |) q
( a0 K% Y* [1 H4 Y! v* O9 V6 L 116. Generalized strike+ R7 |* C' W ~" ^( ]. {+ U" O
3 W! w& T: e2 X; E1 H" d 117. General strike
5 z4 r3 h# A; o% n
; x9 ]8 Y; j+ yCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ L4 l8 V% i5 B/ Z% I
) q8 i; I$ H! K7 B; Y& A 118. Hartal
) G3 w1 ?3 Z. |) O* z/ u" b: P. R$ k' R, h' n( j% u" x% j
119. Economic shutdown
. [4 x$ {8 z" a, `* e. W0 J( z& C+ |+ p, r: I* j
5 S8 N$ f6 d! p j8 f# J) K
( f: i" V( B1 ]" `2 g: B
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
/ ]2 F% m" d J$ O
% j5 w& a% T1 Y 4 D3 I# v, w! P: q! Z
Rejection of Authority
- J2 @/ {+ N" P3 L5 S 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 y# O# M9 E% B
121. Refusal of public support: p4 q# @% `' d& a: U) J
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 [* T$ x9 o% a: p$ k* r" ^
7 f; |, x& J* }1 }9 Z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* E2 V5 b0 o: K- s4 j+ e
123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 m% S( W! ^ \ A9 |
124. Boycott of elections
! Z0 P( I6 C' O. G" q' o* P 125. Boycott of government employment and positions( I# g$ Q4 O+ |. T- a
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' J( J! p* j1 P- P* [ j+ q
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, e2 ?' T0 x& |8 C* r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, E% e2 O% P* \+ j4 H( ^/ c$ f 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, W" f/ U8 f: j9 Z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: ^6 J8 m, V' ]+ }9 R$ J 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) b' B3 o) ?5 o0 p1 @7 J 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! \+ F& [1 |( B) R3 }. \. D0 P. B6 ? u/ G: u1 L" {4 a5 m1 ^( l3 S0 Z: z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 p2 I6 Q. v) R7 A- ` 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 n2 o& L1 u; c4 n8 k 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ w" ~+ K2 S; }4 D$ ?: w* F. g
135. Popular nonobedience
' {) F {0 W+ y; H+ Q: R0 B+ C 136. Disguised disobedience" f! w) k! d) u; x, a
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
N" m0 M! ~8 B( ` m5 o 138. Sitdown1 o( c$ l/ d$ B2 t2 U$ j
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# ~6 Z; e' ^/ Z' ]& N2 q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 X" `. G7 A# q6 { 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; s) j1 B* [- V" |2 h
3 n( [- H, M, U5 A4 \" d# t* U2 G6 X4 DAction by Government Personnel9 y1 A+ P9 R1 |9 k
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' C2 \$ s; `$ \9 A: ~9 h1 t 143. Blocking of lines of command and information" }3 z/ N; {; v* b
144. Stalling and obstruction
; n% T1 C9 l& Z( s2 n 145. General administrative noncooperation
$ P- d2 [6 _' G( p, M. G: V3 } M; }. Z
146. Judicial noncooperation
7 Z& B p6 u) }' T8 S! J 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; ?9 K! V7 ~& E# ~ 148. Mutiny9 D& b# y+ b2 q z
Domestic Governmental Action
2 K) c: z" G: U4 P, y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" s( L. O$ p& N0 ?7 t8 r) [8 y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 h! ]- U" v1 M3 e/ b/ R( n2 P' h
$ Y5 p# L3 s+ q3 y
International Governmental Action
: F3 S6 V. @5 D) M% O/ b- H, d 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* [7 o( U* P. y5 D; \4 R3 |% @) o; r 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" O% Q- s' I2 x0 O9 z: d 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ W; C- ^2 i2 `# T% Z
154. Severance of diplomatic relations! R! ]: j; v( |
155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 _$ L3 G' `- d; J6 P
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' X# {1 {- Z. \4 U3 q& N
157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 z* ] [7 C o8 o
7 m( a( u( O( T* m _ # q% Z8 q; i5 Q* \2 `6 N' b% i
3 C {* H/ d6 O' x9 { z$ ^& e+ uTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 U, G( s7 q; t: V
# |- Z* {6 v2 V+ s' N) n$ B6 T
8 p0 N4 t! S k* b* O& f0 A. n
Psychological Intervention
+ o% d. e. ^' E: @- Z 158. Self-exposure to the elements
m8 S6 k1 {6 b% V$ t 159. The fast
% o1 `- U! C& t& U# u6 s a) Fast of moral pressure
' ` T: Y" |8 m b) Hunger strike. ]4 v1 |2 k( m( p( X2 \
c) Satyagrahic fast Z/ q6 f$ \4 V0 K
160. Reverse trial9 H8 c# V* S) d; X
161. Nonviolent harassment
. Y' F D/ j5 R' S0 A [1 F8 w" G" c9 v" N! o. z% \
Physical Intervention, y& r$ o3 C4 A* ~1 q% v' r, I& N
162. Sit-in1 {4 [" n2 }4 c& |
163. Stand-in
0 Z8 ^& @ ]) W* D% D5 T( R$ f 164. Ride-in
! H, [. h5 Z6 k 165. Wade-in
* S! t7 `% O9 p# z 166. Mill-in
6 N' _8 J/ r8 ?, v( z6 g 167. Pray-in; w6 b- A" W1 A# t
168. Nonviolent raids2 B. C F; q3 ]! ]4 M# t m; K
169. Nonviolent air raids
- @4 e8 T& R; C 170. Nonviolent invasion
* m. J6 P7 U8 I4 E7 `0 N 171. Nonviolent interjection/ D |0 e3 C# R2 k) c6 c1 [, x* d
172. Nonviolent obstruction5 x& d% G3 K/ p3 U# H' k
173. Nonviolent occupation8 N b) @9 x, {, D% W9 l
& k& J& r: \; t0 `2 D
Social Intervention
5 g D) x! N, w# ` 174. Establishing new social patterns
7 ?+ b/ H" ?& H+ C% j; L! g. o 175. Overloading of facilities
$ s6 \( [& `9 u4 K 176. Stall-in! N1 h4 U: B" R' E9 `7 W' y. L% x
177. Speak-in7 C& Z( E/ {6 `9 U
178. Guerrilla theater
8 b9 R0 Y' A- L: C, d* f' A- V: U 179. Alternative social institutions
( K# a: O/ i% E$ R$ b- u. E 180. Alternative communication system
& O0 I0 [8 I8 i2 N* j. R! I; k& } F# P. }5 D, C; O
Economic Intervention+ X% n& q F7 K' D6 o9 o
181. Reverse strike/ O5 K% u7 J+ V5 H) G2 a2 V) D2 V, Q8 ~
182. Stay-in strike# b8 w2 V! B$ e; ^; h4 P# D6 k, y
183. Nonviolent land seizure. j2 r5 d. _- Y% ?
184. Defiance of blockades
. E/ C0 @6 u Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 U& B3 r; l' P; l: O
186. Preclusive purchasing$ d3 @: O! P, {2 J4 d; `
187. Seizure of assets7 v: S3 M. D$ M9 b" V6 G5 h# f, k
188. Dumping
* b' J. o- G3 [# L' B9 k$ M 189. Selective patronage
; _7 m; |# e U 190. Alternative markets, |# I$ B6 _: x; L1 a6 O7 l) N
191. Alternative transportation systems r$ I X8 Z, C. y
192. Alternative economic institutions
9 J) j) m2 N+ Y; @( X
5 K$ _5 a' d" H$ Y8 o, ^Political Intervention6 y( D3 a* P) R2 s( }
193. Overloading of administrative systems8 ]9 m5 k/ N7 v' [" O* \
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 |# o! v- _! D* q. U 195. Seeking imprisonment
# F/ v0 u( Z0 R0 l. ~ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws( s/ b2 K6 W5 z1 J e' w# j
197. Work-on without collaboration
; c+ c' I3 ~/ E. p 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
