 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 M" c ^! Z" `" ZFormal Statements$ c' M) X9 t; c6 O" ~! E; \1 D
1. Public Speeches3 i7 v) w% e( V# v
2. Letters of opposition or support
, E! j+ ?, r$ M: d3 l' I/ U) u' ~ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ x/ D4 ]/ w9 m! L; N
4. Signed public statements4 k* j6 A' ]( z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# k) A. F |( z K' U 6. Group or mass petitions5 Z* l* I( t# W& i
6 k! g4 C! F0 M
Communications with a Wider Audience
5 r' `; y# H+ E4 L1 J7 J5 _ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- N" s# q, W6 u4 I& q* R
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 D; R# o2 c) y/ c2 k1 i
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 U4 C. S: I* N" U/ h* o) I, J
10. Newspapers and journals" ?% b2 E t7 C/ G" N& ^
11. Records, radio, and television
* z+ R* l( P- b4 e0 I8 t' \ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& V5 W1 g# I; O9 |" T9 O' q) H" f! V# S3 j4 ?
Group Representations
4 X& g/ I$ d' ?; I* K! A3 o 13. Deputations
3 D3 U$ P8 N4 q. r; ^- x8 A ^ 14. Mock awards7 v2 t! _4 w9 |+ h7 Z
15. Group lobbying6 u, L. o( Q* {+ k5 \3 O% S
16. Picketing
8 z( [" p* l& O* v' V" D3 C 17. Mock elections
$ F+ X: ?5 N" ]0 Q( n) f5 x6 }2 Y: f v4 B# g! p* B; \6 ]6 w2 D
Symbolic Public Acts$ R5 f& c- b. x& h% L4 X
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! P+ }9 @) u) @7 k2 s8 h* M 19. Wearing of symbols
% k% ?5 E8 ]8 N |0 M' W. V 20. Prayer and worship
1 B& l% @! Y1 H, l* e 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 R9 }* _( t2 v 22. Protest disrobings
' q0 J! l. g' A: L+ G 23. Destruction of own property
. M% a* ^8 ?4 G9 R 24. Symbolic lights
1 ?1 @7 m. b% Q. N 25. Displays of portraits
$ `: a1 C' X9 \3 J; K 26. Paint as protest% D1 U6 Y0 k' ]6 s
27. New signs and names" O3 Y) @, G/ i& z2 D8 V
28. Symbolic sounds! q* v8 ?) L$ a
29. Symbolic reclamations
0 r: K- e' x7 J. q6 ~8 l 30. Rude gestures
: W& |" P) a; s }' o# a) _: O( [
Pressures on Individuals
% h- i( q# c7 u( V1 w1 T 31. “Haunting” officials+ a8 x. i+ @( \ a2 [/ H6 a
32. Taunting officials: h6 K( M; s1 u3 |: |$ C! W
33. Fraternization
( _ f" m, l% T$ V6 S 34. Vigils; s4 I" \# F/ [$ c
/ ` l& s. I: x# |( T
Drama and Music8 w# d! Y2 i5 r+ m' B
35. Humorous skits and pranks. g" p" ?: R( b6 Q
36. Performances of plays and music
9 C7 d' D) s" i" H$ C8 f 37. Singing" _; n( i& V( `, Q% J5 s7 v+ d
$ O4 h/ s$ [) H+ Y E
Processions5 Q' R( ]3 h* J" J
38. Marches9 d7 i9 ~+ j( Q+ Q: _
39. Parades) Q' s/ n5 ~4 G2 b. S0 s. P8 L. X8 |
40. Religious processions% ?4 d1 M6 C9 L# L' [# ] z
41. Pilgrimages' z$ C, u4 r; q
42. Motorcades2 n% m1 y3 M" k; t- M
Z [4 N4 m ?- `' `# X6 \. zHonoring the Dead u' j/ G1 B- {9 N# D. }% g9 O: z5 h
43. Political mourning( W; ?! S1 u- k
44. Mock funerals
5 ^" o& w% k9 s0 `3 F( X: } 45. Demonstrative funerals
7 a) Y4 l' U) E4 m8 x. C 46. Homage at burial places
* f4 e" r2 y h
5 v" l- L% p6 {$ x0 F' oPublic Assemblies' p1 y7 a! Z3 t
47. Assemblies of protest or support& h6 P' z( [# M
48. Protest meetings) [8 a: r" x- W' c. T+ E5 H) q& Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 j" e4 r# f/ M0 W4 x
50. Teach-ins
- g/ f5 @ X, q) m5 ], m, j" i) s. i/ T6 M
Withdrawal and Renunciation: U/ ?) @$ Y9 ~* \1 T1 U& w: C
51. Walk-outs' _* i7 _2 x! q8 z
52. Silence
: U5 A) u% F, T. d+ i 53. Renouncing honors, H* C, |3 u9 S$ {0 f0 W! \$ u
54. Turning one’s back$ Q" R0 K+ F5 c7 t. G- E7 D. a! r$ O
2 g: j5 B+ f+ L" C0 O
4 y& x) a( z* ^3 d2 v
8 v5 ^8 ^5 y5 o8 \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 h/ k: p9 x8 L$ v+ J: I
% O7 r/ k1 V$ C# p- v1 B9 {6 o
% _5 E4 s/ ~: p7 F! w( _, p& F S4 Y% k$ V- e# {
Ostracism of Persons
% P' K; T9 U4 H. ~0 E& x* v' }7 t2 X; W 55. Social boycott
9 A1 Q+ i+ c2 y; x! E1 D/ \ 56. Selective social boycott p; E# T! x8 r7 a: A) p; n" X
57. Lysistratic nonaction- s4 l) G! C) L: N1 L5 P0 x
58. Excommunication
' O! @6 [4 P8 M2 e2 }! O5 C7 a( Z 59. Interdict9 k. U3 u2 }3 l J- Z& ~) \
5 x! ^" B9 j# X# K
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 `# _0 X$ K$ ~ o 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 ^8 O- Z8 K! @/ F7 U 61. Boycott of social affairs
' h$ I/ a; _; b% } 62. Student strike
7 Q7 B3 c) x- P% ?0 p9 @ 63. Social disobedience
, J4 p* [7 Q1 n6 h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 r7 G5 q. X1 t" D
! f: k* Z, @4 t+ @- A+ \Withdrawal from the Social System0 ^* ]3 j+ A$ ]! ?+ S
65. Stay-at-home
! ~+ u7 h( X% t8 L6 z9 ~0 J9 w 66. Total personal noncooperation
, e9 A' s, s$ b 67. “Flight” of workers
5 S+ v$ z' [" @( T3 C" |$ k, N 68. Sanctuary3 t! P# O% d3 d. S4 Z
69. Collective disappearance- e: n; Y6 ]* G$ _. }1 p1 J! p5 t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) t5 ^) o" A: C6 h
% o2 P0 Y7 i5 D* p) ~+ ?- \; q
. B9 i/ \ s1 ?9 _6 [4 U: O2 D M
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 [5 I& O6 e8 P; b. m3 M
. \* q2 D0 Y) S3 s2 |
- [$ ?- e9 ~4 W8 A1 n$ q
Actions by Consumers( ?) q8 I- ~" H/ x/ I9 n3 e
71. Consumers’ boycott
/ A8 P6 q1 K8 \9 z% }" n# H 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( c( Z8 [4 h5 u/ D; h$ ]0 r9 p 73. Policy of austerity+ L- @; r% y$ j) ?" O' V+ k
74. Rent withholding
. C8 ?! r; f" \6 Q) ?- [, l 75. Refusal to rent0 W5 s6 X3 |$ t& C/ U$ R
76. National consumers’ boycott
" [. g- D) i0 _6 i 77. International consumers’ boycott
7 m; z a' ?8 t0 S8 e1 U' P+ G$ l/ o( a6 F
Action by Workers and Producers
2 k$ V- I' H, a* H7 A! r0 [ 78. Workmen’s boycott, m% F4 p& f4 L) N2 S9 B8 p' T$ d" ?
79. Producers’ boycott
0 J. [ z; i+ f* j
' O: D% k y, Q# ?6 }( QAction by Middlemen
" V' B1 j* S' u0 p 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ I+ E* B5 z6 A7 V' ]
, ~* ]5 x& R2 l* Q: V- i% g3 UAction by Owners and Management
) s; ^7 y$ v' l! W9 s }: d 81. Traders’ boycott
" y" F/ W6 ?- m0 J 82. Refusal to let or sell property- v0 _$ D6 t$ Y- v. X/ ^
83. Lockout
& {8 c$ u- T& Q `8 ^ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 r9 m& \) ?: y1 E9 y9 F* {& `0 L* l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% b0 e* a1 ?9 O m, C+ @ K4 _4 \, i3 Z! P& \3 \! I
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
% L2 ?, I7 M* @. n4 L) H 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 v4 p, W; E( K0 C/ }; S% k
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: D; J* `$ w$ E5 T' C; q 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% ]) h% D3 x0 j 89. Severance of funds and credit
( n' a1 {* ~) J3 K 90. Revenue refusal
* e% H! B. p) j' E! L6 i1 V" R 91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 z2 P" t |; w( G3 S6 K1 K! v; U8 v g( Y) t8 P
Action by Governments4 o3 S9 ~- m7 g5 D0 J! M8 q {
92. Domestic embargo; A3 X; g* P: l. E- J% J
93. Blacklisting of traders: a2 z4 ^. c2 `# f" _2 z
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 k( F* O; A: G' P' c 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ p0 @+ X+ Q, _- k2 j' ] 96. International trade embargo+ Q* Y2 \4 ^( r& R E
+ @( N/ J" P- {+ L$ [" r
0 S4 C) D: v7 c; \
3 ^0 _6 k* V8 Z2 w# {, n7 {8 zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
) z+ A% E7 U, d3 |3 u7 O4 j. u: j' O3 [4 t4 X6 ]- p2 H
5 L& w' b$ i* I7 z; f1 P' G- ~
Symbolic Strikes! ]( l. K( r8 {
97. Protest strike
+ B6 E8 {; k. ^; [! v1 f 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
8 n( i, } o: W9 \& B9 z6 ?* x
" ~" {% O( G1 T8 B$ hAgricultural Strikes; O. [- A! H" ~0 C/ \' |$ {! b
99. Peasant strike
* H$ s0 t4 d' U2 B3 [( r3 p+ K5 i5 e 100. Farm Workers’ strike( d& ]: a# w0 k
% _( A! d2 r5 b/ Q; I3 c- qStrikes by Special Groups
, k6 _1 q( \; p2 O8 g% `! D% p$ {% F 101. Refusal of impressed labor' w" j5 j' X1 B6 L( M5 A- @
102. Prisoners’ strike
( U; R( M, Y _9 J$ q 103. Craft strike& k* ?( J1 z$ d6 g8 M% S: D
104. Professional strike7 _/ {3 E. l+ e' a
0 j' z# O. I- e" `2 C9 ]+ E
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
8 o5 o/ b4 y9 U& I; N9 ?4 ~ 105. Establishment strike: r7 B0 Z5 {: o, z
106. Industry strike, }+ A- ^0 U* t. T: v' m7 V( d
107. Sympathetic strike1 u! X& W! N. G* f: U, C' G) j! X
6 V. q) P, z' ]6 ^6 K
Restricted Strikes5 R5 X- ?* ?" J8 Q- r: Q$ \
108. Detailed strike( x$ M( q3 a$ i5 j+ f. s. H9 K
109. Bumper strike
( `) U: N* W8 {' Y5 V6 u 110. Slowdown strike
0 W, x) j! M' b* o8 y 111. Working-to-rule strike/ \ ?) M8 d1 j5 c. _% g3 A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: L Y" ~. ]! D: m: H8 K 113. Strike by resignation3 B* Q3 l/ B8 R! E4 Q. c3 D0 T: h
114. Limited strike" d Z8 s8 p& w9 n4 J' t$ Z
115. Selective strike0 c! t7 w5 q4 z+ x
" J E# S+ m/ kMulti-Industry Strikes
7 t: b5 k5 S. S4 ?- l O; K
- \! P, Q7 Z ~5 u 116. Generalized strike
5 v* Y# j# h ?; |, C/ X" [. x& a: J: K4 R# p8 n
117. General strike
& X; Q8 Z' q# L/ [) L
, `3 e# g7 _; FCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 M7 n( C' `& ~5 |' y7 ]0 K
2 p3 [9 K' j5 q5 q
118. Hartal
! ^) l6 n w- e. A0 t: H
% O# E1 ]1 G( k# q" s$ n6 _' | 119. Economic shutdown
% V3 u8 f5 A+ M4 V. g# d' u7 t c! \3 A# ?$ H9 {9 a
" _6 v1 ]5 ? ]7 G
7 K) ^: Y% Q5 U1 YTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. w" Z- {2 d9 ]8 b, k/ C* ]
5 X% i7 _3 W: b+ A6 |0 P# R6 k
& ]1 l- R0 B7 M) ^$ l3 Y# m: zRejection of Authority
& ?7 R: k( j& |* R& {% u 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- `2 v* v; C: ]! b 121. Refusal of public support* p c. A X b% p6 f4 v3 O" W) I3 R
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 O# E, I$ ?% o0 i8 L) g/ j
7 S4 E) ?2 @* b8 @Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) U) Y- }8 I2 n 123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ F9 v, \" M/ B6 N& W* _
124. Boycott of elections$ x( }* I. o8 x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 Z g* _1 e# m+ o
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 v4 Y; l2 D3 O
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* T6 `" m- Y4 q6 g8 J9 s8 }
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 `' M1 Y, y- T7 U" n 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 U3 d6 z1 S' h+ _/ A9 H, K7 L 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* [3 t: P4 ^0 D6 x, R U1 A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials$ @5 @6 H) B8 O' F& [/ }9 r3 x0 ~- W
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, j9 |! J! G0 v0 M) E p
2 ]1 q3 C& P$ d g' [% p2 sCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! [- o. E: e: y) M7 g' r 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: Q) H4 p8 @. I* F0 @! k# b/ ^6 N 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 s. Z7 p2 v: }1 r2 K3 i5 q" K
135. Popular nonobedience
' p' ~* N, k6 J, u& G 136. Disguised disobedience/ l+ c! p+ x- Y: k" D
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse ~, x5 G' r% j- X* P# I
138. Sitdown
: b+ ?' D- c: K! V7 W" q& Y" d: ^; O5 _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 e1 @$ w2 \" c4 m+ N( {: b
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' E! f0 f" G" s! c. V. h f m 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws. b3 H$ [0 S( l" `1 W: i7 V
. ] ~9 j7 P. L. t1 \: V* Y: D+ OAction by Government Personnel: a8 ~, G6 [7 x
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( c) o( u) P) H7 L& \ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 \" k% Z1 d( T6 s- h2 C L1 T
144. Stalling and obstruction
% b# {% }- Z2 ]) o 145. General administrative noncooperation2 o7 b8 P, }+ q4 X/ i1 F$ {
) d( t' E/ |4 W8 A3 k- `
146. Judicial noncooperation
1 `( H. U- u3 e( W. q! e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ u" G7 n6 }& H1 q s0 u( M( n 148. Mutiny
]" }/ Q% I% J& p7 A' wDomestic Governmental Action
7 u; l+ D: k8 L7 s 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ n- T P5 g0 _# ~, Y7 S, N$ R8 M
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 N4 b7 M, ~% \
9 l4 Y& P' g0 @0 ^8 l$ _2 v/ S
International Governmental Action- M7 B% j# \& v; q$ I' m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 [4 p/ }' V7 f2 n% S3 c9 \9 b) a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! h% O) ]3 I! w4 g9 x/ R
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 P: O y& a! l0 n, q( W( S8 `
154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 k1 O8 y% T7 M& _
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 }( S/ I/ X* F0 ^( l2 g5 N 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, T% Y7 p- X% t1 v, K 157. Expulsion from international organizations9 P5 J; [ q; A; q* j$ l1 _
0 v7 M# v6 u9 {- |$ _# c% O
) e1 _ f* a0 ]; q( q7 g
$ n5 u. [6 ?7 v$ J; y; C
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 I$ F J5 R4 i9 p/ m% Q0 a* y
* w4 N" R& n7 S P0 n
' O9 j8 d- S" p0 H, fPsychological Intervention0 L/ L# E3 W$ D/ x' Y+ f' Q
158. Self-exposure to the elements* H! k; Q0 P$ p4 ^/ y
159. The fast
k. M v, ]1 D0 n( Z+ A; R a) Fast of moral pressure
1 o* V' j; P% f' w b) Hunger strike0 X( J7 r# @$ o% j% J, u
c) Satyagrahic fast; I9 L, v3 b3 T7 M
160. Reverse trial
2 Z0 W8 Z5 k2 d5 F) X } 161. Nonviolent harassment
# j0 _5 _! r# p/ d% q
6 n6 L) ?6 G5 I, g0 tPhysical Intervention
, X# f3 m, `! f9 H1 v p 162. Sit-in7 z4 c6 J" g: `8 s r! L* A! p
163. Stand-in( P7 A' V/ v" {& K6 @ L% ]5 S
164. Ride-in' a) |( g# M( I4 b. f: X) w1 L
165. Wade-in8 j0 D( Q7 j$ B6 r
166. Mill-in
3 f* e5 z$ ]- p% ~! A 167. Pray-in, b1 g5 d7 K5 J }: r
168. Nonviolent raids, G3 b- z* [- Z _! X. `" W
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 ^- u4 x4 p5 t7 l 170. Nonviolent invasion) d* B- S" {( x/ m
171. Nonviolent interjection/ a4 l1 ~0 H# b& @5 o0 u1 F
172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ r5 K$ [6 n# p1 n1 N 173. Nonviolent occupation. N9 o* E; l8 \ ^3 A
0 V% ^! B7 W# r$ g' eSocial Intervention6 P/ e! M% u- A' G
174. Establishing new social patterns5 W% }. n1 m# ]& Y9 l
175. Overloading of facilities
- L9 D' D% Z* Y0 _- A 176. Stall-in2 `2 x6 {* q" L7 Z5 F7 P4 v
177. Speak-in
' G4 f$ |/ @( w 178. Guerrilla theater4 Q7 |: E0 Q O/ Z. _
179. Alternative social institutions
- ^+ s+ O' v& R' j% A1 Z( V 180. Alternative communication system; w% q [+ {' o) C2 o: [- g, t+ O6 t" w$ Y
+ P; s, m+ Q* A7 m: _: fEconomic Intervention9 q# d" `6 t7 g5 F# R
181. Reverse strike
" d% w8 A3 S3 j2 z 182. Stay-in strike$ E% ?8 u; O2 s" R) s/ Z! E: m
183. Nonviolent land seizure3 C; }* s a# [$ p6 t l) J4 v
184. Defiance of blockades
) j7 j7 _! ^' s. V0 Z* N# M( x* A 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ Q% E: I C; S, A9 m0 ?
186. Preclusive purchasing Y F; o: P$ T5 @; {( y3 _. R5 ]
187. Seizure of assets
% b. P5 x" C: N2 B+ w3 [# s3 d 188. Dumping( {4 A: r+ k. r* Y
189. Selective patronage
& `' W5 @* |) A# Z$ \7 x2 p: f6 b 190. Alternative markets# t& b! q; i5 k, V# V3 T! {
191. Alternative transportation systems% ^ v4 y X0 n8 Z
192. Alternative economic institutions+ E h- H, c; E1 s9 s1 X, {' T. S
/ C1 j7 p% `* n7 a- c2 q
Political Intervention
& k, M9 X9 k2 b: S7 e3 ~' f% Z 193. Overloading of administrative systems$ G ^. ]3 n' m4 z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 ]9 X; s9 K: D! A 195. Seeking imprisonment( I4 q7 M: V' I0 v$ K( P: Q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 j: E- ?. B+ I3 X* P. J( M
197. Work-on without collaboration) @' A! j" x, p0 g1 A! `
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
- h) H5 T. K! o- r8 F, _" W3 Y9 L, n7 C8 m# k: E5 D5 ~
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
