 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 S0 ?$ s e$ L) b0 @
Formal Statements
7 m& d" f* ?1 H. m% F 1. Public Speeches2 u( h5 \/ ^( r% T3 ^ J) } A
2. Letters of opposition or support: B8 g' Q. }. _ p' @) G& ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 o- n2 y' s$ ~& E& ^6 j
4. Signed public statements
; r" u4 D6 {! N 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 |% q* p, _, N9 z l* z 6. Group or mass petitions
& | I& c! d% J$ P5 a( U* ^
) A) a$ T. y: lCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 ?0 C0 K' J9 ~/ U' ^ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- J. T5 o, k% A" C! Y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" {, p' J9 x6 r4 `- f1 Q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, q8 Z- E$ K' U, P f$ v ^ 10. Newspapers and journals
! ]* Y4 P3 g) V; B# L 11. Records, radio, and television
4 I. d: p: x( i! ` 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. j+ b1 I5 @$ s
9 z2 L1 ?! n. r8 r$ l/ |( }4 G1 yGroup Representations; ]) ]# d2 l$ G4 |1 l* r7 M% t
13. Deputations- @, s6 R5 D% Q+ z, o' `
14. Mock awards7 T1 q, s* q: `- @
15. Group lobbying: H7 n0 l4 A9 w: ]7 B
16. Picketing+ a1 V8 u5 [; V. Q: r% _$ s0 T
17. Mock elections' s/ m# k' p+ [/ ]2 t
8 q) A7 S4 w- f( w( ]
Symbolic Public Acts8 t: D9 m0 ?. a. M6 T& w
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' N k1 w0 ?4 T5 P. I+ Z- i 19. Wearing of symbols
# t3 {- j( \* j/ U: d 20. Prayer and worship- Q/ L4 f( N x% S9 G( ?/ [3 P
21. Delivering symbolic objects% ]+ ]" \' F7 t' a0 ?- w' [( |
22. Protest disrobings
6 H7 ~! r _. N( }' \ 23. Destruction of own property4 V( `6 k/ ?8 Y2 @; A' k3 s
24. Symbolic lights$ b9 L1 _0 P0 W0 `% I f: }
25. Displays of portraits
& k' s# ] C2 S6 v, f, m7 T' t 26. Paint as protest. G6 l" W# D( C1 B
27. New signs and names
3 j( d: K2 f! a2 I 28. Symbolic sounds7 Z2 ~0 Z0 o! f% B: |9 Z
29. Symbolic reclamations
_) r$ H2 P. M9 ? 30. Rude gestures
: M2 P. q$ _& M* g/ R+ n
8 O, A' E2 k$ ]9 B1 g% o, h8 WPressures on Individuals6 b; V8 @$ e& A1 E
31. “Haunting” officials
2 I7 B1 M+ n7 I# N. g 32. Taunting officials
' s" h+ }: z1 [9 M( \- H' D 33. Fraternization# V" M' O) {2 n8 X
34. Vigils
* i* ~) c' O- J7 f& r! s. R( @6 r0 Z1 G
Drama and Music
4 S0 Z' I8 I% \% L$ _9 i 35. Humorous skits and pranks
) D R' z, d- v: F( d4 [ 36. Performances of plays and music
5 e9 f7 n8 k% l+ t4 F/ Q: T 37. Singing
1 |' J8 Y9 X( G+ d5 m; L7 f' T8 d
1 a% O1 W1 B+ X* E+ k) U5 VProcessions
- R7 S4 I8 `* k5 F 38. Marches
5 J) `+ c4 g) W } 39. Parades6 t( f7 j2 o, o# h* h- j/ L
40. Religious processions
+ U# V" t- S& V. i' j s8 U 41. Pilgrimages
; t ~& r& R; P z% x 42. Motorcades" P. q( N( [/ K9 H" z' o* c- r; i
9 n# l: c8 s" V8 R: cHonoring the Dead" b4 }+ v; x# K, }7 i
43. Political mourning
. o5 H! Z8 n" t% Y5 D: _1 i0 A 44. Mock funerals
* i$ S* T/ _$ y' J 45. Demonstrative funerals6 [0 z0 a1 H9 U6 V3 L$ W/ o; i
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
g: p: d- ?" `$ p: r 47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 m5 ]2 p- R# w. n" B; @ 48. Protest meetings
: }- U4 b, T1 j. O9 r. c& T/ \ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) a0 J, a+ q2 I# @4 w 50. Teach-ins
1 X9 g* ^; t/ c) X, i4 Y0 n' G9 y* r
Withdrawal and Renunciation/ l: m+ c3 U# j0 F7 D7 [# T6 _
51. Walk-outs, s* s! ~& r* G7 a. @5 L ]
52. Silence5 L, J) B2 h9 @% j' o& O
53. Renouncing honors( T5 B' ]/ B0 ^4 C- i9 D
54. Turning one’s back
: m" ?. U5 z/ ?1 N2 T
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" C' L6 J" R6 a7 p: O
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Ostracism of Persons
* ?. x- s# k2 E0 ?) p& F; I 55. Social boycott3 t! n. j" s& t6 ]! c4 l) q5 X
56. Selective social boycott5 R3 I" Q" m, B
57. Lysistratic nonaction4 x; s6 E |) |* p% s
58. Excommunication
6 D8 x8 m( F7 W" c' @: G1 O 59. Interdict8 i# V3 |7 h3 @+ e' d
3 X6 ^2 f' d5 k# h; ?Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 }6 ]0 _3 \( |* B$ X
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 C/ L: h, n" E/ ]% ~+ q' e 61. Boycott of social affairs
4 J3 h3 L6 O" s8 {" _6 ? 62. Student strike# D( a% o. W$ s% F- m7 I
63. Social disobedience5 _, |8 @' K4 Z* T
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 q: x' [) F0 Y# l- l: B
9 [2 V4 `' P' {( PWithdrawal from the Social System" C5 w0 T/ L) G& p+ v& L
65. Stay-at-home* J6 z/ j6 `0 X A( I
66. Total personal noncooperation o+ C) I9 _1 a: U
67. “Flight” of workers" n0 d* R3 Z* H" {8 e, z
68. Sanctuary
$ A) ` O. ^' \( j 69. Collective disappearance1 }" [; j2 t! D& s! X: [
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' I3 S/ u8 |# {" P
3 Y8 K6 Y4 d7 X& q7 K6 _1 c! } ~ ) E' D& ~" M- b: P) O! w
. l y, ^0 f" w% ?5 Y( T$ {1 `4 ?; gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
7 O7 e+ h1 Q6 R; s; @2 Q( {8 @7 o' K$ i
* S+ }2 p, w6 b- |; k' c . l3 d: a: [' S* U- }/ x+ N
Actions by Consumers
: t. |2 O- J W! X* ?- L' Z# \ 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 |3 v5 m2 P1 S: w 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; D/ |1 q- X) a, y 73. Policy of austerity5 _; U6 i2 |+ E9 ]- r/ c6 c1 a
74. Rent withholding9 S! O( d3 {) L! T" t- c
75. Refusal to rent
1 G, X" k0 V) i) D3 Y! N 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 Z6 T; T9 v& ^3 K, n 77. International consumers’ boycott
: P9 Y* X6 y* O* v' Q
( v2 i2 m$ z/ r. f' f5 y7 cAction by Workers and Producers
4 _, G3 m+ w+ D! K& y 78. Workmen’s boycott! y+ ^# Z, D8 m2 ?
79. Producers’ boycott
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6 ?1 W% b/ i$ M4 w' VAction by Middlemen
2 f. K, H) U' D4 _2 n* y8 ] 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# M0 i! [1 P2 w6 d
( |0 e. ]+ t1 k8 p+ A. d# I# OAction by Owners and Management$ O h9 R0 H4 B% l
81. Traders’ boycott! Q2 {" y" K; Q6 j+ K' W
82. Refusal to let or sell property# N0 N0 J; F. z' E
83. Lockout2 r' r( S3 k/ O) W$ V
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! p1 d! L5 H7 @
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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/ K! \7 r( J: K& ~- L$ c- ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources, K1 I3 n9 m3 G8 f2 k$ d
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# T, a5 b& l7 J 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 y; V, {1 {8 ~" [ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: o q+ M( C9 b
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 @0 r5 G6 w A* y6 W 90. Revenue refusal
* B! w' d* d7 z 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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6 x. N8 Q% U6 ^. R0 o- YAction by Governments0 c. M- d( o, G' X: E* x J
92. Domestic embargo# N K6 y3 [5 d' x/ [; \1 J
93. Blacklisting of traders8 }( B; X8 a' O
94. International sellers’ embargo
% ?8 u( M& v* }/ Q$ n 95. International buyers’ embargo
. v5 u7 |1 w5 s 96. International trade embargo' a2 m: ?! r. n4 R
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 V8 S5 R$ p- d
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Symbolic Strikes K' X- x, P: [- G; p" W7 Q; \
97. Protest strike: f; Z* J8 `7 Q& ]
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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% c& ]+ V1 f, H1 O" C8 HAgricultural Strikes: V ~' Y2 \" I
99. Peasant strike: z2 N) [( D+ y, c6 i3 d T* C
100. Farm Workers’ strike' y. l3 _9 W- d' m U! \# f
' w7 `8 K2 u7 D: c. ]+ v
Strikes by Special Groups! D3 P4 X- H. O; |
101. Refusal of impressed labor* r7 a% M! o* B0 }
102. Prisoners’ strike
) L2 h/ i* N4 L" T& ~; c+ d0 P 103. Craft strike
( a3 A. ~" G# _5 f( T! o% U2 u 104. Professional strike% m- O1 S! {9 ?* E9 s1 t% W* b/ E
! L0 U+ {+ @8 G: \2 H. j8 COrdinary Industrial Strikes+ A- O2 C- W+ J; O+ _8 C
105. Establishment strike
! K! a% V0 B- t0 A5 c 106. Industry strike
' D6 t: e. `9 X$ C7 [0 ]- t 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes
9 V1 B: h% c: l5 h! m 108. Detailed strike4 S/ c( v5 L w2 J
109. Bumper strike
& @/ q3 Z% I6 D( J 110. Slowdown strike
4 h) w3 r: M4 B 111. Working-to-rule strike @' J$ O$ m, e S
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- q: U# E7 y3 ?4 Y/ C7 s# ? 113. Strike by resignation2 x- q5 }9 {4 v; i8 l4 `/ ?
114. Limited strike
* r" f* z& o, J 115. Selective strike; W v: ^% p, H+ k
7 o/ e4 |9 v; H% J4 uMulti-Industry Strikes
6 N$ U+ Q/ I. i9 L
2 ]5 B6 v2 {: T 116. Generalized strike
1 H+ I1 O: v: {& x/ Y
# E2 w6 v4 ^ y& q/ I- w 117. General strike$ _0 l; F2 E7 z: B8 |3 ~# m1 w
8 R! ^. o I+ [& a0 G/ n4 [
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. F6 y2 S% s& B; W9 [
. l! ^6 i7 B6 k v6 Z. I 118. Hartal- N+ n8 b9 V4 |& ^. H$ L& A
5 \- E, s- u; H4 `2 F7 {8 k 119. Economic shutdown
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0 Z k) `* Z! o2 Y3 q( k- W0 E$ STHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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' Z" M2 J+ I5 p! }( Z& L0 Z. mRejection of Authority
3 G' W, i+ m" {0 A$ C. [1 c- P 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ v- t `( S8 R- M& Q
121. Refusal of public support/ f% C& C k" q% {' u- x
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% L3 h8 y7 H5 e$ Y- ^. H; h
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ u G! }: S9 P( [% Y- M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: o# Z5 _! f" G 124. Boycott of elections
- `$ O! F' R' h3 N- E8 ]; n 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' H" F5 z* C2 z! z [ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 u( n# E; m4 L5 `+ S$ J: u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( I) U! K$ L, I. |. a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 G) F8 ~$ g! {0 C$ x$ C 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 O7 r. A/ R. k+ u x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 ~2 h3 i2 i7 n" x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% p3 w; a3 W( Q8 m$ v G) g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& A" y r' c+ _0 \" D3 Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance& j: j7 S% u7 N4 p
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ O$ ^0 T3 O- R3 t
135. Popular nonobedience
8 w3 [& C* |7 w3 V# t# c( ^ 136. Disguised disobedience0 {3 ?5 [+ r8 p, x
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 L* ]- `0 G! _ 138. Sitdown/ n' {2 G E. r. _
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 n$ B# W) \) ~
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 w9 X3 a0 x, Y8 ` 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 Y. C, Z# l5 d) B' K/ x) j- l' m
9 w6 `- y6 k8 B# M+ P) }
Action by Government Personnel
4 s5 }+ y& e X3 S' ]. l 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' o( a3 s/ z2 B8 U
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
4 Y. N! v. P& I$ U8 r* M 144. Stalling and obstruction
* h, a7 c9 P* N) J$ t 145. General administrative noncooperation( h( D4 C1 H# P/ W1 J; C
( l+ q N, V; }- A% G4 h 146. Judicial noncooperation
# K1 V8 S$ l3 ^ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 q. u7 {8 S( L 148. Mutiny; L6 i: n6 l- G( }5 Q9 n% r8 g- Y
Domestic Governmental Action
1 J F, X+ B2 \3 p7 b 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ l; \1 X0 q+ m, p0 }, @- u8 b- m
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ R" E7 w$ Z- D5 k; }
* G$ t* j8 Q4 K7 R* i+ _
International Governmental Action' p/ T! K9 x4 ?; h( F$ r; K
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 A* ~0 B" q6 } 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
0 o2 N1 S- o; B4 Y( ^) [' G- Y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 ?' C& _" s* k0 t: @1 b: X; P 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 I9 `" z# u# Y2 I 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ e5 O; y( g1 `- }) b5 F6 S9 u 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies( j9 S" Q& s% N( a
157. Expulsion from international organizations6 j8 I) q$ r! d
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/ t! f8 O9 ~% O# v/ JTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( B g& L4 \* X! T6 y
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Psychological Intervention3 n; S! o }/ t
158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 ~; m+ W& @$ K8 q# h1 a 159. The fast
* n& G1 X3 P! V* X5 K% H% } a) Fast of moral pressure
3 t" |! L6 D4 X0 n: D; n b) Hunger strike
l7 [# g8 b/ d2 e- D c) Satyagrahic fast
. A$ a# p5 Y3 d 160. Reverse trial9 d# H! L( Z0 `2 K6 {! |, X- D6 R
161. Nonviolent harassment2 ~9 m" n; S+ j6 G# R: z
4 V$ v2 B% r' O) o2 RPhysical Intervention* g- s% J' F4 ?, }' Q
162. Sit-in
2 J7 y; S. }. b) f* j7 r 163. Stand-in
+ U5 K. p8 S/ E" k. y# A" _+ a 164. Ride-in
1 @3 t/ q8 t/ A6 T3 `* N; Q 165. Wade-in
& H9 K+ I+ s/ z; M0 L- ]3 U! E 166. Mill-in
; m* R6 A( j5 D6 b# ]2 d6 A 167. Pray-in6 W }; ~, {$ n7 H* t& y
168. Nonviolent raids
5 e& b9 M; P! e Y8 V) U+ w 169. Nonviolent air raids% h& e( \2 I9 k
170. Nonviolent invasion
s, G! i& G+ a, `8 p/ }( B 171. Nonviolent interjection6 h. j/ v# z; B. ^/ y- e
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, _0 N2 `6 X C, T) c' Z. q 173. Nonviolent occupation; v2 Q) w, {7 ~# b+ {7 X
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Social Intervention
3 q+ [/ _" s B: [ 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 r8 }9 o6 x3 g$ U, F 175. Overloading of facilities2 Q: I# C+ j V1 H3 u5 D
176. Stall-in
2 X& K( ~/ p, p7 n 177. Speak-in1 j6 P$ F4 ?$ N* m2 P; D! M
178. Guerrilla theater
" _6 _. x1 Z' P5 L, Y+ } 179. Alternative social institutions) C8 }4 P7 \$ B$ ?' B. U! u q9 i
180. Alternative communication system
5 d$ R7 H8 A! r6 n1 r6 v$ c0 O* f. I
Economic Intervention# T" W* c* q' T' X( O+ {/ e
181. Reverse strike7 C: U% Q" S1 @
182. Stay-in strike) f9 l! ]# d) e; s
183. Nonviolent land seizure$ @3 S* u7 L2 @9 B# h U
184. Defiance of blockades1 l6 W1 T% r. t) W; r
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, S- x( X: M* C% O5 H& C& l" `2 J 186. Preclusive purchasing% `8 S; ^& V8 P/ r* T. s
187. Seizure of assets
/ q5 F! o& J" E. `" h2 C/ U, d 188. Dumping
; c X( y1 N: D 189. Selective patronage
9 H1 D0 Z' ]. Y5 W 190. Alternative markets5 j, Q+ d7 A) j' i3 [7 S5 |8 f
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 o6 Z$ I, j f! ? 192. Alternative economic institutions
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2 E9 t% D/ i5 g3 K/ vPolitical Intervention* o; T p1 b9 Z7 ]: o
193. Overloading of administrative systems
( d* l0 {' B1 c N% E+ d; _+ y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! ~. F9 E* y7 C/ q, D( x& b M 195. Seeking imprisonment
( P0 w# t# {9 \' O; X 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% n# e6 w5 a# G1 H% ^' D; u9 Q 197. Work-on without collaboration
# V {: B$ O: S4 i0 s 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
