 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ k5 \4 ^, w; rFormal Statements6 `4 `6 y8 p: D1 R% {
1. Public Speeches
( ?8 F5 X7 n5 g S, g5 y; ~ 2. Letters of opposition or support
' |+ v& \2 ?; }1 e# S* b) [7 S, F- c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# B# W8 g8 a' z( M
4. Signed public statements* o7 f/ U, H4 }7 ~
5. Declarations of indictment and intention8 X k2 K0 ], {4 d- b& j5 G, V
6. Group or mass petitions0 D$ z- ^, g1 K+ w" k9 W
( ?" V; H' t' d5 y' B+ [/ L. C) q
Communications with a Wider Audience* a1 D+ c' Z0 K3 Y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% p7 p w- M) G( m- L0 p6 m9 ~
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ C! {0 w2 o+ c' n, c, R) C, t9 |( m
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 R t3 W/ u$ R7 h/ x; X7 _' z
10. Newspapers and journals9 P' @( \: A5 s6 j6 c
11. Records, radio, and television
& S9 r& L+ a; x% L& w7 T 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 L: C* \, E$ E( I2 p% ]6 `3 s, l0 o6 W Y3 c& v6 \
Group Representations
/ g) ]6 X* B' q* T 13. Deputations
9 a' P" R7 w! o, n3 s/ F 14. Mock awards8 \" T& G. C& f* q$ p- z3 a+ t
15. Group lobbying
! h$ E. u$ P7 B4 r- m 16. Picketing0 G8 i7 D& M! o4 S, _! V
17. Mock elections
: |8 |9 X* q/ W1 w+ {
% H0 x1 `+ q4 \( w' W6 g0 VSymbolic Public Acts
, K" S8 D! w W; Y3 t" g 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# B {/ H3 z& y9 @) i 19. Wearing of symbols
$ k' f3 I0 m# n 20. Prayer and worship# A2 c% Q7 L6 P# H* ]% X
21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 m* O3 P$ G9 s3 { 22. Protest disrobings
9 S& K- z0 ]& d' v6 A# E0 g 23. Destruction of own property \8 Z9 c* ^6 ]9 A6 d/ u$ S4 H; h. r
24. Symbolic lights+ L& j- _% U# @& k; ]6 L
25. Displays of portraits$ i- M S' a1 q$ ]7 h1 q1 o' Y
26. Paint as protest
; ?& u" S% f% p4 w4 J 27. New signs and names t! F C( w. Q
28. Symbolic sounds$ \; ?( t5 A; Y. i9 O
29. Symbolic reclamations3 @0 _- E6 h4 v. Z
30. Rude gestures9 `2 T# q" [5 k5 O, o: G
9 y3 i( d( X8 @1 Z( Y2 V fPressures on Individuals8 v0 g2 Z5 x( G4 Z, r6 ~% G
31. “Haunting” officials' T- `: C+ f) p- R) {
32. Taunting officials
$ }* r9 F, T! S& g& v5 W 33. Fraternization
8 W' d( F4 F- j0 ?9 c9 J 34. Vigils: s; K" S5 p5 o4 g' C! y. `7 c
/ G( P+ m Q$ _Drama and Music& K: e2 ~" D! g9 [7 w9 w
35. Humorous skits and pranks
! L9 s. e! h+ B j2 ^3 u2 B" n 36. Performances of plays and music# | t' [& _2 L# H: p7 p. {5 N4 U7 j
37. Singing) M p! |6 J# `+ r1 ^1 K7 y: I% Z
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Processions
- k- d1 `" ?9 x j& l) N 38. Marches4 i0 ?! J( {/ q( w1 _/ c4 y7 W
39. Parades! E5 e- h3 c+ M& c' ?. q' [
40. Religious processions
9 }+ \: {1 g4 x! ]/ l 41. Pilgrimages
# {/ F& Z: L/ E- Z" H& ~( Z 42. Motorcades; @! ]9 w9 d$ f2 ^! L! L
8 Y" g A/ e- u# i5 oHonoring the Dead
0 E f& ]6 j. t 43. Political mourning3 ?4 R" Y/ a0 G8 h) s, R( D
44. Mock funerals
( f. w6 ]: m0 V: c4 z1 ^5 S4 b9 C 45. Demonstrative funerals9 ]6 d; t1 O- X
46. Homage at burial places" c8 m' u4 W; z' x
; I4 E% H3 c2 y* p6 ]6 nPublic Assemblies0 l$ w9 T; y5 y% ~
47. Assemblies of protest or support
# F, F9 w( G& ? 48. Protest meetings! G5 {* M! [* u, ^! z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) c0 }0 ?) M! @$ d7 n; w$ L+ j$ g
50. Teach-ins* x2 X) h( ], }. `
- m2 v; _- b) U' n) W9 n, P/ sWithdrawal and Renunciation
0 x( O9 A" J% f4 A U; l9 x7 |& e8 p 51. Walk-outs
3 y+ w3 R! {# l8 E; I 52. Silence* a+ ] ^* _: J) U0 W
53. Renouncing honors4 Y4 I6 J+ O6 p3 ?; M# d
54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! E) U, R8 ` n4 A
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1 _) o4 N- A/ c: k( u. N+ k0 ^( t( l# Y3 @: B( R
Ostracism of Persons
# j$ X I& H# i 55. Social boycott. b& [1 W# N' \* h: F
56. Selective social boycott
4 w5 ^4 Z5 ^8 O# c 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ T% d& F( y3 F, |$ T 58. Excommunication
6 C$ x' x1 {0 A5 x- U 59. Interdict
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# t/ j- a: B1 |3 P3 L- TNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 p/ H9 M+ Q R* v. B8 n 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% J$ G. Z8 _5 N9 w 61. Boycott of social affairs
9 q# ^$ P- l4 o0 w1 t 62. Student strike
: q1 E6 K+ }' T8 A8 }3 M2 z) p 63. Social disobedience( `# v# w1 s2 y! j
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 J2 M: }+ `+ t: R' l
4 o2 `2 j }. {) w5 ~3 {Withdrawal from the Social System" H! T( `; V, X- z' X( ~
65. Stay-at-home
' j# m" i2 s" A& T 66. Total personal noncooperation1 f5 Y; z/ @5 @/ k
67. “Flight” of workers
0 K: U) O0 c- J/ C- G" g 68. Sanctuary9 \5 W: x- {, }1 f+ w# j
69. Collective disappearance
R+ O2 [5 B! |: l8 y. V4 k 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): G3 \7 O6 R$ n6 @& o$ [
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ \8 H O" ~7 U$ k1 ^3 T
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Actions by Consumers3 i+ r0 ?! H* T% C# L( Z2 [
71. Consumers’ boycott0 i* i0 |/ F) z+ k$ C
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' w; U1 f: i/ D& n3 D
73. Policy of austerity" W: F; P. g' Y+ M
74. Rent withholding3 ~- v$ c3 V/ K9 d* P
75. Refusal to rent2 q2 e: u' }& K# ]
76. National consumers’ boycott& u) x# e$ R1 m- O
77. International consumers’ boycott4 [; U/ O4 H/ t
$ p3 m2 V# Q; ?- d+ P8 H& X
Action by Workers and Producers
/ t+ u; F8 Z+ \" d, S1 r 78. Workmen’s boycott( E6 J0 P0 N9 Q2 x
79. Producers’ boycott
q" s( K9 s, I, F$ \- l7 }# e( T/ v( \) ~1 R1 l2 k" j6 L# M
Action by Middlemen/ c2 o! x- L8 q, \
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- A8 u5 p8 Y% s5 z, |& ~. ^: }
6 W5 N( m) c5 z) b8 H
Action by Owners and Management9 \/ r6 R @/ T3 m7 @, p; g6 h
81. Traders’ boycott
* l; z- F& W3 P8 S 82. Refusal to let or sell property
% J7 ? M R3 e! O" @$ M5 w3 w! U 83. Lockout& M( r2 F' |6 K3 B0 n l
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' M8 G5 h5 E: d4 g, O M! w* J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* b- m& p2 ]9 \
4 |# H$ a* p* p5 hAction by Holders of Financial Resources! @7 L0 s7 m8 b
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: }' D, F( c+ @5 P+ b+ w7 ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. \! r" B1 T" Z% | 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. \1 C; ?' f4 g- z& n 89. Severance of funds and credit- Y( \" @/ `" C; ~4 M5 j) I
90. Revenue refusal
* E* ~/ w- k# p3 n+ @ 91. Refusal of a government’s money( i R) e1 L( ?
/ V/ }/ r9 X3 } W7 G5 VAction by Governments
2 X1 C0 v. b4 C `) P9 @; R. e 92. Domestic embargo
8 r/ A7 @/ N1 L' e* L 93. Blacklisting of traders7 t# i7 b. F A! P; e
94. International sellers’ embargo) m5 Y- K8 P. y
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 S- r8 A( F+ ~" V* u+ Q- c3 F 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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. v5 m! B& l: t) ~/ n( z+ v( uSymbolic Strikes" v k, }# r) c9 R, T0 R+ ]
97. Protest strike
7 r+ [7 [ v, \; i( _ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; S( s) P8 C1 E6 W4 c9 V
" |+ R2 {( k( Q: H/ I" KAgricultural Strikes
8 A4 ?( V% v7 G 99. Peasant strike& I! P' q5 Y3 z/ ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike
& U& f T+ a6 D6 r- A. [5 ]6 H3 I V7 y+ s* y% c) z& p5 `
Strikes by Special Groups
5 O- U9 E5 h/ U 101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 X* O8 a }( e 102. Prisoners’ strike
' _5 [* G' m! c( K% l( G* A 103. Craft strike
6 }1 @& t$ r, P7 o7 |$ Z 104. Professional strike
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, c! g3 e- k1 r$ D. T' D$ YOrdinary Industrial Strikes
; Y. C! @# I1 z# y; g6 i3 K n 105. Establishment strike. a2 |1 f* o% K% `& {$ `) L
106. Industry strike7 [8 j. h; c2 v0 m' h5 B
107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes. }% G8 ?3 \1 y- {( x- g
108. Detailed strike
* q; X! \& V) {0 Q+ E2 A 109. Bumper strike4 \9 h6 X2 x- Y% h; }" w$ d
110. Slowdown strike
( _$ x- T# ~& Y- c5 r1 K 111. Working-to-rule strike
" B1 R) I8 m3 N L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" _; e! V+ b2 y) B) n( r# ` 113. Strike by resignation
$ q/ W5 \! P# p( P 114. Limited strike
3 L" x, N6 k% e+ L. {9 m7 f) [( T 115. Selective strike& d, E( Y* X: |( O9 G: K3 B
4 k5 z2 i$ w% `. I. PMulti-Industry Strikes
/ V0 `8 y6 P- ~; A, y4 C
* i- {2 z# h$ P) _ 116. Generalized strike- l1 Q3 s3 L7 Y. K0 T& d+ a6 P3 A
4 e& A( E( R9 ^( [% ^, H6 E 117. General strike9 {, l$ w3 [- ?/ p* V
; ], W. Z( ?& X8 T/ m
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ N. F8 z; D- B; F" w6 Q7 A( t% C2 { N, N- I
118. Hartal
2 q( n: i, W$ Y0 ~; x4 |5 D( X3 l: G
( ]* d! ]/ D, F# N' w6 L$ \0 m 119. Economic shutdown! d/ Z" y2 i/ T
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) R; x+ l0 G1 R* gTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! N5 A" z/ T. G1 M# n
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+ N% C/ m* ?' ] m% D0 }3 _% q/ iRejection of Authority8 r- f- o) o1 z0 H& ]2 j" r
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; P9 A# H" N% O5 p: G
121. Refusal of public support1 i2 W- Y8 |9 a
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 l: |/ p9 K. T9 x" O& k
7 e& g/ ?# p$ M+ x6 T8 jCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 v2 f9 H* e+ l1 t* d, w% ?& p1 @ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, f* p4 m5 \/ X# D; W 124. Boycott of elections
( K$ x+ g. D( K( p; Q' d 125. Boycott of government employment and positions. D& Q$ R9 ^& ^8 m3 M% C k
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 E, O# Y9 y+ {- q0 O( i# [* \# Z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 C X) ]) F7 H! F1 _9 n
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( t) [6 Z' ?4 [: U4 t4 s
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- ]* D& @9 @! D
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' ~0 a; x$ a: u# {3 |$ `% i4 | 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- H X7 t( U+ n# _# H
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ h4 {& P' {( `: [# p4 C0 i
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 L4 ^5 k- e" r+ W
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 z5 j, O4 [0 j( B0 Y) @1 r 135. Popular nonobedience, q. r0 X% O/ X4 g# B& {3 E/ V
136. Disguised disobedience- i4 s _7 s& c9 A6 E9 a1 U/ l
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 t: S" U8 @" W6 o" |0 y: R" Z/ A
138. Sitdown% R0 k7 z. m7 i) ?
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; o, P4 I8 E& I4 z" x7 G \8 y 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ p5 \% @% |+ U/ w2 s
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ |0 D; [) E/ k
8 p0 v; b, m4 b! t/ l( L. u4 a2 FAction by Government Personnel2 a4 b& e0 N V
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
[6 L/ [' l1 O 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 J, O+ I# e: C 144. Stalling and obstruction3 v* x; p4 \: n- W
145. General administrative noncooperation) C# t& V, c. [+ _+ s9 u
X. \% ?# }' i9 M: `/ R 146. Judicial noncooperation
" G' H5 F& V% {& t7 h6 u3 t 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; i$ f4 V. z$ {9 A: ~: j+ Q
148. Mutiny
# K _' h" D! I2 |3 UDomestic Governmental Action
) o( H+ X& S3 j" ?# _4 J 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& V! S% W: c$ x4 H e4 X. V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units r/ ~4 `/ W9 t1 A$ w/ k
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International Governmental Action8 H+ W( q8 {5 ?2 N- e
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 J3 \3 Q* ^" ]6 m" a) j/ A 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. x; K) m' |5 Z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 N; R3 r4 ^6 F0 K 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' {5 u. i' ~ s1 v
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* Y4 A, i9 `' D8 c8 h 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; r8 ^$ h, L1 g" ~* t
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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! q/ S( t2 a. n( j: L7 oPsychological Intervention
5 \2 s0 l) `& p5 m8 L 158. Self-exposure to the elements0 X- u# \; n/ w; M
159. The fast4 o( A. [0 I0 r+ o9 l" g T3 B
a) Fast of moral pressure' o$ K4 g; k1 ~- p) X4 E9 Y/ z
b) Hunger strike
* J. c5 x% c$ g) K c) Satyagrahic fast
2 d- B0 j# D! R0 B2 V+ w5 B 160. Reverse trial
/ Z+ a8 ~9 f1 ^* K 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
% b. j$ V. V* f$ H 162. Sit-in
% G+ q) Z; X! O; ]7 @' {0 T* O4 ` 163. Stand-in
/ L! ? M' R8 a" b 164. Ride-in) j* M7 ^3 |7 ^ w* s
165. Wade-in
! S+ _# @6 F' Y& p7 c1 Z 166. Mill-in: C# J& y. N* G) m! y
167. Pray-in
' t* Q' ?; `7 b! L 168. Nonviolent raids
4 v Q v8 P' t, H 169. Nonviolent air raids
' j* o( m/ B- d; ? 170. Nonviolent invasion% v) T8 z: U7 Z$ L& m
171. Nonviolent interjection
& h1 x0 g* a7 v5 J4 f 172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 f: }$ [- j8 y5 K0 y2 I 173. Nonviolent occupation
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4 f( y: b) P. M1 V; k+ ~( xSocial Intervention2 l! K, N2 R5 G
174. Establishing new social patterns& g" L$ ]. Y- D8 w* H' L
175. Overloading of facilities6 Y0 \6 U0 X& }) |6 n, V+ a
176. Stall-in5 }& o2 v0 R1 i# \( K2 F
177. Speak-in& {) B6 O9 N* w' a" Q
178. Guerrilla theater' l, y9 Z$ z7 R4 t: |: M) P
179. Alternative social institutions$ {' s, b$ d+ @ d; u- q1 y, q
180. Alternative communication system& R- C: W8 U6 h
0 g! o+ s6 o, xEconomic Intervention$ V4 @! H* t9 I
181. Reverse strike
4 J& c! ]/ R1 L+ a; x+ i 182. Stay-in strike
9 W: @ L: x8 d6 d* W4 Q' u1 m 183. Nonviolent land seizure* B+ p- h+ K( l4 I8 j) y' x
184. Defiance of blockades+ z) F2 D" z" t9 w* N% B
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 p/ x0 s0 ]! F, H* a 186. Preclusive purchasing+ u3 A+ H" ~2 m* `! m4 B4 }
187. Seizure of assets' d' f8 [4 N- _6 K7 i$ U
188. Dumping
. \; B& P A8 R: Z; w& S- x 189. Selective patronage
3 ~1 B7 U, k) } 190. Alternative markets- h2 o+ A2 ^& K. ?
191. Alternative transportation systems
/ F1 }7 D4 J! Y. i! h0 S 192. Alternative economic institutions: R' u5 I7 M0 C' e
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Political Intervention4 q* A3 X9 C" F3 R0 j3 d
193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ ]) M* W* u4 H" T) I0 a 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; t1 s/ |3 j% i% v0 ~+ @: W 195. Seeking imprisonment1 X! h. D7 J- p, z2 A8 E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) s, C; g1 h$ d5 N 197. Work-on without collaboration: E5 u3 A) b9 f8 H
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( t2 A( Z; O7 ?* [0 W" R# o1 y1 r
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
