 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
`- ^) Z( y1 ^6 n3 ]Formal Statements% _) |% M) g. Z+ {) k/ G: L
1. Public Speeches0 i+ d2 e/ O4 I7 H0 c: D; j
2. Letters of opposition or support3 |/ j! c* o. a( ]
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 b0 i1 K0 Y- X9 a. h6 D 4. Signed public statements
9 M7 ~2 W+ `2 u( q- A# A3 ? 5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 l6 c$ m, v7 R2 G6 }3 X8 Q3 ~
6. Group or mass petitions
, }4 H8 s9 W4 L
) X0 E- C$ r2 t4 \+ kCommunications with a Wider Audience
; G; g s6 }) V. V7 g 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ c* t3 p. V3 i6 C' U
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* M7 d S* f) Z' N" P: o, b' b 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( x3 z/ ^$ p3 c8 x7 }* o. o- n" U/ D 10. Newspapers and journals' _3 d9 i9 I! u/ Q6 h" f* z
11. Records, radio, and television
a* U9 w6 ~& z# u* V 12. Skywriting and earthwriting: w$ w7 h) V; M+ Q- a6 w
0 x* b0 `0 x- Z" P# s
Group Representations
" L5 X% z4 f1 U 13. Deputations1 n0 l) A1 t0 g& L
14. Mock awards: c% A, h, y- A2 H: D5 \
15. Group lobbying
% {6 K' v! m! }% e9 q @' J) R 16. Picketing! l& T, u& E$ D2 [0 M) R
17. Mock elections% p* V+ A$ [! y9 ~
$ U$ T' B7 ~# z' \' K
Symbolic Public Acts6 e p6 R- r1 e; w- f: n* Q$ v
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. I! \$ G% m- u 19. Wearing of symbols
- A4 V- g8 V) F( ^9 s: j+ x; G- c 20. Prayer and worship( l3 o- s. t) @( p" u4 @9 T
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 v1 E! i4 s0 ~& B; n
22. Protest disrobings
8 K6 T- x; {6 |5 @) k- d 23. Destruction of own property
$ Y& J5 U# X; [$ A! r; r) o 24. Symbolic lights* n* o: l! z( o/ u, V( T% V+ S4 i
25. Displays of portraits
# G" a2 ?3 q! I 26. Paint as protest- M& y2 T+ }8 ^! q. o2 x/ X
27. New signs and names
7 s' F# z0 f& g6 q! C 28. Symbolic sounds
$ R# X7 a) ]& D 29. Symbolic reclamations
4 E% e. {- g9 R 30. Rude gestures
8 q3 T0 ` q) E2 P6 B- _' M. S
3 `# `5 l( X) G1 d& x# PPressures on Individuals
* E7 Y2 G5 l/ \2 t& L% i L 31. “Haunting” officials
% e% j8 J! N) n/ t$ \, R5 X" W8 \ 32. Taunting officials
) q/ F1 _' [2 R) s4 {# u 33. Fraternization$ P$ ~; u: P8 r2 E, S" g9 l ?
34. Vigils
5 r( b Q- j& r) |% l% P H g( f2 E: V
Drama and Music
, B0 _7 h: t+ J8 S 35. Humorous skits and pranks
% y- e$ q% a, V( S) Q: a 36. Performances of plays and music
& Q. E& l4 ?0 R8 k 37. Singing) n" Z/ N8 E {2 m/ V- A' O3 a
6 `5 h! m8 s `8 I5 h. `$ x. rProcessions" z d# ^0 ?3 v" j! V# S* K
38. Marches# c/ H6 ?- ~ c% l u
39. Parades* V( J" {" f8 F0 ]; P' U
40. Religious processions
; D% B0 B, T8 y& {$ k { 41. Pilgrimages
/ Z& \/ t: p; v5 j, p3 g 42. Motorcades
O: a1 _2 f+ z% k) |
" Z: w% z1 J3 N) K9 `Honoring the Dead
! b. t. I& W. y( \! y& O 43. Political mourning
$ H6 y1 [/ ?8 J% N 44. Mock funerals
# F/ L2 j; u1 A5 l3 [ 45. Demonstrative funerals
) P* u, }2 I# W: ]6 P) \$ E- B 46. Homage at burial places; |' d6 B0 S" i. U K- [
/ K/ c/ j* y; P. V2 NPublic Assemblies
% I A& r4 ~! q0 {! p+ o4 C 47. Assemblies of protest or support
|2 x( d" [( [: w8 r! O& x 48. Protest meetings- N% _8 [9 t1 c0 k6 v+ c
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( N9 e+ M* R, D 50. Teach-ins2 q f7 V& Q: V$ X7 B
$ c4 G- o+ o. u0 [5 n7 D) Y2 \Withdrawal and Renunciation6 `+ V# T" g2 b, X$ N1 x
51. Walk-outs5 I% a# @9 b, _3 Y& _. z
52. Silence
' y; K- x! Q" f7 `4 M0 X! P2 \1 k" c 53. Renouncing honors
2 I+ F4 X: w' {1 Y$ o 54. Turning one’s back
+ I: ?" ~; E# L) N
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8 V5 @% a D( t6 v; ~% yTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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% n2 g$ [3 e1 A6 i, e) O( WOstracism of Persons5 {7 T3 T! a. v* F$ d
55. Social boycott/ X, o8 k1 W4 B, c6 T
56. Selective social boycott
0 p, K- \ K8 N+ H) P 57. Lysistratic nonaction1 E% r$ L2 J5 v/ N" W! K
58. Excommunication
, @' a0 ~! T. }+ K 59. Interdict; M' ~5 I5 H( q0 s
, S6 E: x8 Z$ v) [& g! M5 GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! e! X5 \ W- I6 J; Z8 j+ r$ b
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. i$ X4 x0 d% I 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 ?% r( u. \/ [$ ]7 X* O( o 62. Student strike
a5 D4 }; M3 P( B6 C2 F: @ 63. Social disobedience
, W `0 k* S2 r 64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 P E) o3 F v
, m' i, \) Y! HWithdrawal from the Social System$ S4 X0 z1 F3 T/ D2 E1 g0 J; d
65. Stay-at-home
; _9 ^+ S6 W6 |, H# {' { 66. Total personal noncooperation
4 ?5 g, _ H2 E. R& B7 ?2 W- H 67. “Flight” of workers
$ }9 C: Q2 i6 b 68. Sanctuary
& s/ Y+ |8 c+ @, ~3 q' e 69. Collective disappearance4 Y# r8 \& I0 ?7 h
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 Y* V- W8 I* X0 i
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. |3 `: b; A' D9 p& w1 \3 M& C, a: iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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" I0 D- n+ Y- P* k* O/ c7 i( jActions by Consumers
2 k+ ]5 n% f2 ?7 q- f k 71. Consumers’ boycott
8 I: f1 G% L" F; T 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! w* Q% @- E' P 73. Policy of austerity
, p1 d% {& }& J( F" E8 h' r 74. Rent withholding
# _" m+ m. x" A! D 75. Refusal to rent) [0 Z; g. q. s. q
76. National consumers’ boycott
) E5 l! i% b1 d& w5 v; b% {4 Y 77. International consumers’ boycott" O& c' P/ n! k( s9 ^! J
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Action by Workers and Producers2 X5 ~, z& b& E$ _ ?3 m$ {) n& ^( U& n
78. Workmen’s boycott$ P9 v5 B1 n2 Y+ T
79. Producers’ boycott
/ P: ?( [$ m& }4 W& m3 Q! B
7 y: R+ d# `! JAction by Middlemen. ^0 |; {! }- {6 w
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& K% x3 Z' N* z c( C
: f/ c0 E7 x: v5 b4 B4 G/ ^
Action by Owners and Management
4 [3 Q# U% I/ ]4 e0 V0 Y3 } 81. Traders’ boycott
7 V% q, S9 z" P' m f3 y1 P+ C. I- L- x 82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 {8 g& \4 c" C! O 83. Lockout
6 K1 Y! u; b' s- P- Q- H: o, f 84. Refusal of industrial assistance* v2 f9 B3 |, M5 o0 o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ ~; l8 Z9 X% D
$ g* J+ T+ p5 g6 h. P. GAction by Holders of Financial Resources
/ L: t8 O5 h6 }) t! ~6 i 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& X9 n' {4 `, n& X& T# b; w 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 b* H: z. x7 y' u/ K1 R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 P* Y, T$ y- Q6 l 89. Severance of funds and credit
' z0 s% q: G/ m6 M1 y; s' z 90. Revenue refusal
$ q* `& S% R/ z; d% h 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 Q. A: X- d; g0 Q8 V# v" Z
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Action by Governments( }/ p% ~1 E' `7 G. T' K; {
92. Domestic embargo
X- ]: x# H- P( H# \# e6 S 93. Blacklisting of traders7 Z r* v' d' t8 E& K/ v
94. International sellers’ embargo
8 T# w' \( m/ E! w& h' n, b* g 95. International buyers’ embargo
' p3 t3 E8 ^/ W% j2 \, S: Q3 o# W 96. International trade embargo, Q- J7 ^: ]. `( X L. Z- H" ]! O; X" Y6 Q
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. d u, u+ N3 F1 z& wTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 c5 y9 w l( @% F- ]
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Symbolic Strikes" H5 r2 r% N; u6 I# L$ H" w. {
97. Protest strike2 k/ N! F! n$ r6 ~! i2 s
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 G5 X, G6 t: V5 }, j# e
9 a' w0 L( j9 o9 E h8 wAgricultural Strikes9 N8 f# {1 `; A2 ]# p% W
99. Peasant strike9 A. m0 x/ a/ K. E' \
100. Farm Workers’ strike
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1 i- C4 o7 s/ I4 y# f3 eStrikes by Special Groups
+ o; Q+ O- y3 M- r5 A2 E% E 101. Refusal of impressed labor. `3 j% N$ D. }) G7 F, |
102. Prisoners’ strike3 z0 l1 D+ K3 `% Z4 {
103. Craft strike; l" I& L3 L3 n+ X
104. Professional strike
2 K% Z* g9 E* g
6 }. c# Z$ L: \: w( I% v9 {) COrdinary Industrial Strikes
' `6 V- J3 ]* G# v9 R# M) R 105. Establishment strike
) u6 ~$ v, o! K 106. Industry strike
* U r- d- ]' t8 } 107. Sympathetic strike
( `0 s; C, T" Y$ K8 n
" f: E% i5 v$ L. K0 e. ?0 d$ dRestricted Strikes+ g$ A4 O! @% ^& ?; V
108. Detailed strike% v5 h1 S: J' J2 L7 ]
109. Bumper strike+ K8 e8 x6 @ ?- O1 C
110. Slowdown strike
7 z# V9 F( _/ D) k [ 111. Working-to-rule strike
( B& x) f; E( c7 r0 A9 J/ H 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 h. ^2 x2 S/ l6 k3 h' B3 ?
113. Strike by resignation5 `4 t2 M" h2 j% s$ G
114. Limited strike. b+ p( K$ s; k+ T; T
115. Selective strike
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" j' V, a; I( Z* T4 J- X9 J1 uMulti-Industry Strikes6 ]6 B; L/ t+ n7 E
7 O3 s {, ^7 G
116. Generalized strike' v. O& Q" ?; _7 |. k3 H% l
( _5 Z/ M% g9 x o6 D. Z" N* I 117. General strike
4 _( s" N; h& i0 k+ ]% F
1 T7 e2 m+ Z1 i' v. z# ~Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 c6 h* W! R1 N4 }% F, e! Q' A
4 d$ T0 t/ d" J# r% h& ]0 ~' u4 \
118. Hartal) d: e+ W; ~1 N7 l b
! o; q+ E* u* U+ K$ s, d9 M# L 119. Economic shutdown4 e8 W' Z/ B3 o; [5 \/ \; S
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, R5 L4 _0 P5 C' ^6 l' H
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* ^! R4 |* _( v9 K7 h& ~; zRejection of Authority
, [- k! X6 X1 i1 I+ W% F 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& Z8 {' ]" S3 C" d9 `) Y* } 121. Refusal of public support& c5 X" O7 [) i# D& J
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& b3 F$ {7 R" I T
8 L) U" p% J9 U1 M. g7 ^( \: z1 i' I' eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" |$ j8 j3 j* Q( b, T 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" D' j. s4 J! {1 _! W" c
124. Boycott of elections' t* ~) D, E* }) y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! P: X, h7 r& g+ S; A0 `+ J# ?
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; ~; ]9 |" I5 ? { L$ m/ L
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 ~ ]1 e+ P/ R
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( w: y4 |6 t" d, k6 y7 _3 V# w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 K8 S7 K8 F. O! q4 d' o% w 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; c, V+ }8 U( t% _ T1 x7 _5 ?, I 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 v% g- K4 H* C6 b( }6 g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions3 x9 `$ S* v, @
F) c6 Z" U3 C% b& q+ `
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' g$ A$ B4 T, r E1 \" h( S 133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ X2 |; t C- @) |( W
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision J$ l) b, c. S& D9 e# T
135. Popular nonobedience
$ H# q# t1 N: l) t- I1 Y5 p 136. Disguised disobedience' }2 O& |; ^$ M, f2 D. } n5 H& x$ n5 k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- r- m0 i' i$ ]5 E4 I
138. Sitdown/ Q. v+ a8 Z: h, W4 |3 _2 B! S
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) P% w9 J) u0 s
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# Q0 A$ W1 c/ O2 N/ w 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. U2 d4 W* z: V) }# }( B6 ^& L [* x3 y& b9 k2 G# }( a
Action by Government Personnel: h3 m1 [1 E1 l7 n) l
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
c8 {* n- Y2 m# F! c( ] 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
T, f1 a8 v3 T4 u- Q4 w 144. Stalling and obstruction' `6 T, m$ F' h& z C, b0 W, m" h
145. General administrative noncooperation
, @/ H) A! ?. o% ]' n$ A% O
7 q8 x7 D+ ?0 R5 ], c 146. Judicial noncooperation
( e9 y6 n, R. R2 r- Q! F( _7 r( d) a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 L9 H9 Q2 Y- F( Z
148. Mutiny
$ @- ?" @- z3 E( D+ _2 ]0 XDomestic Governmental Action" x$ A& S/ e# X; H6 |( n9 q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" b M" G6 u7 A' W$ v. Y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% q+ \5 y- U$ m9 R; K' r! q
% Z% I/ k- R8 G6 ZInternational Governmental Action) a' \6 u+ ]7 {
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 N' d# V5 o. ?3 X0 V# ] 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 j( g( Z1 K1 `9 _& J
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# O$ ^( P0 ^4 m' h
154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ C x2 I( |7 K1 G
155. Withdrawal from international organizations! @1 y! h9 w; J' S
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: Y7 ?) u. P! D
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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2 N. F( f7 O7 v' y1 }THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; h% g- G2 d( Q% c& H0 _ C5 Z
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1 B2 P8 v: h" h: {. U8 k% FPsychological Intervention/ ?! n" \% @# S! {" J: Q+ I, B
158. Self-exposure to the elements/ J4 q( z9 d Q% m! J! @/ m5 {2 a" x2 ?
159. The fast
1 x4 o3 E5 P! w( h a) Fast of moral pressure/ I2 d: d! Z' w: A! c
b) Hunger strike
' g; ^, |0 P7 y9 _ c) Satyagrahic fast
; L0 F' g- ?& ~0 L1 { 160. Reverse trial S( }& J/ g+ p, n8 b; j* u; B Y
161. Nonviolent harassment
$ ~/ x- ~2 \% H7 t- ~
& E" @8 [1 s! @Physical Intervention9 g7 R' u( G. g, _( o# V# R* v
162. Sit-in
- W5 J( g) m/ K% h9 V/ z 163. Stand-in
: H% u' b2 ~& u% t" J 164. Ride-in' v5 p( F4 E/ K
165. Wade-in
! Q* t4 a, g% h+ I- r+ U 166. Mill-in- Y( _, F8 m" C- y) X+ t7 Q8 l3 v
167. Pray-in
& H6 p# @1 Z( q 168. Nonviolent raids
; @4 I w; p/ d7 _9 y7 n 169. Nonviolent air raids2 V$ y [! N' F; O' f, [7 Z
170. Nonviolent invasion
) c& d. ~% M7 B4 [ 171. Nonviolent interjection/ S: X% l- d% m) J4 N) r0 B
172. Nonviolent obstruction
% b. q$ x$ [$ u" B 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention( t' t1 E" o! k; Y% Q; P
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 O$ v$ l- t6 K( m8 P% Y$ m 175. Overloading of facilities
/ j0 d$ C( m' @2 h+ e! u% g 176. Stall-in7 j4 W) U8 G/ E# t5 r# d% b
177. Speak-in
2 X9 u' ?; e, J$ W, C3 V 178. Guerrilla theater
0 R6 G# j3 d, e$ m9 M/ Y 179. Alternative social institutions
5 @' m: S7 O+ S9 ?0 z1 c 180. Alternative communication system
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+ p( C6 R; _) e3 X B7 h3 t9 xEconomic Intervention
0 d+ U7 L7 Y( u6 r* {# V 181. Reverse strike' b+ h% a# G, l4 X, O/ \
182. Stay-in strike( H* i& t7 s) [: s8 y
183. Nonviolent land seizure
% b+ O4 h$ E! l9 f& w4 E% R) U0 x 184. Defiance of blockades
l0 n: e9 M. L a( B4 Z6 L 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: Y8 Q' f8 O8 Q+ A 186. Preclusive purchasing+ Q0 |' I$ C4 E: Q$ ]$ w
187. Seizure of assets" i, |5 O+ N7 P- X0 e
188. Dumping
0 ^ C; \" h; v' N0 u 189. Selective patronage
, W1 y. j/ y6 ]) g/ C( ~ 190. Alternative markets' P# L/ H j" M8 o1 k
191. Alternative transportation systems* V* \: c2 w3 U6 j5 u7 q' Y8 x
192. Alternative economic institutions9 u# Y# g8 E) k1 L9 R/ { `$ M
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Political Intervention F% q) d/ b' W% e. T& S" e1 q) [' ]
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 }) Z6 l. n; J, H: s
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( D6 U: a$ Z$ X* R* Z 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 C# c) j8 G, J; C8 _ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws G6 _0 X: }9 K; p! u
197. Work-on without collaboration
+ t5 L$ Y8 E" w6 B3 U# ? 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) R2 {* u- v% Y' p/ P
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
