 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION h- |1 m6 x( ?; k3 ^
Formal Statements5 @5 J1 h1 i' P( Q6 |
1. Public Speeches6 R! A$ @7 ? m2 s) q' P2 Y
2. Letters of opposition or support) t F: v- s4 q2 n. t3 \3 F
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions ^ E. } w7 p2 S
4. Signed public statements
% C! J! K& @+ ~% x, h+ M' q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
u9 ?/ J# Y I5 t; ^9 _+ f, c 6. Group or mass petitions
- K7 T6 G h7 j: J! v6 W9 f7 ?4 [6 x8 B' u6 V( A
Communications with a Wider Audience5 r+ `& D0 f$ @5 _; N; B
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# O4 h- N$ s: y4 c. u 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 k( |) {0 N$ y f7 Y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# J# l1 _" w' Q# \
10. Newspapers and journals
& B6 M' W! c' }+ A. C, y& @, ^ 11. Records, radio, and television8 b0 \6 Q) G1 C+ n6 L
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: h4 v1 @) U+ d% N# S4 r7 k0 d1 D, f3 p
Group Representations
( |9 j4 w W/ z; ?6 x% K 13. Deputations9 W1 \" `& m3 m. j& Z7 s0 x
14. Mock awards/ `. e% c, @0 z) ]
15. Group lobbying
5 Z8 h6 r: w! ? 16. Picketing$ g( r: Y0 R/ U9 t. W
17. Mock elections e' T4 V/ w; F W
$ w/ e; x! U. w, Z2 bSymbolic Public Acts
- e' V7 I K' n5 _ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 z* a+ T& w# `/ _& t1 Y 19. Wearing of symbols% ~: G, t4 ?# _) j! b; Z: {- m2 Y
20. Prayer and worship
; m: Z* W& P! z 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 ^, j. Z S5 \ 22. Protest disrobings
- i+ l& v0 ], I" x 23. Destruction of own property* U- |" H- i- q2 E' V- P
24. Symbolic lights- G+ m, l* o# a- |8 N
25. Displays of portraits2 `2 @3 u3 F% N0 t
26. Paint as protest- |6 V# |3 _- D/ }
27. New signs and names
: J+ V1 s' a( h1 y0 [5 b 28. Symbolic sounds8 H3 h0 w& U- A) m4 w5 u
29. Symbolic reclamations
' _: R5 y7 Y& _% n- r. _ 30. Rude gestures! x& c4 Y' h2 @! v6 l
) M# a. f/ u7 vPressures on Individuals
! b5 I6 l: P1 o3 B+ \# ]5 \ 31. “Haunting” officials
7 w% d1 o7 a; J+ l$ {7 Q* g 32. Taunting officials
9 ^$ h! Q+ r* @: `# ~+ R# E 33. Fraternization/ T$ H# @ k6 N/ ^* S7 y9 |
34. Vigils) }) L; K6 z1 O( I4 i" P8 d
0 m- M! g* }3 {7 H
Drama and Music5 v0 M3 `/ ~ l2 s* n2 I3 _
35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 h( r7 z4 Z1 H# R1 ~& Z 36. Performances of plays and music( e3 E7 G( n0 ]( F" N
37. Singing
. b6 Y/ J2 h1 a& c' Y. r' J1 g* J( J
Processions
2 ?+ ^1 Y1 n! q8 t 38. Marches
! ]( V& ] g7 l3 x 39. Parades
( M1 ?& j5 V/ U1 \6 R 40. Religious processions8 G2 K( W, W9 H# x/ m* k
41. Pilgrimages: F5 c5 I; A2 n- a; k; f% k6 c
42. Motorcades& |. Z* r$ ~' ]* _4 u! d
- D0 y$ p6 m3 F0 J+ ^Honoring the Dead' [. `. ], r* v8 C
43. Political mourning) H& O. X U" m ?: i' l8 b
44. Mock funerals2 i& ?/ l$ P5 q% c: n! J! d
45. Demonstrative funerals( s" h( `3 m/ j9 M
46. Homage at burial places
7 l* A: e) }, m% _$ b9 v; A
6 r; G' o" d0 L, k+ f: q$ `Public Assemblies) W- j4 k3 D7 f* l7 Q
47. Assemblies of protest or support
! w2 [4 Y4 v! Y+ v! I& H 48. Protest meetings5 T8 k/ c" d" y, L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 y# B1 W' L* i4 N9 X* C! `
50. Teach-ins" a# L! T% G/ m* O. q
% k: O3 A7 o* \8 ~. m% W' j5 \' Q# W
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 v3 u4 ?, t: F( C1 |
51. Walk-outs( Y2 e+ G3 L, ~: B7 J
52. Silence
$ G) A/ k; x- D& k0 J1 U 53. Renouncing honors
0 Z0 F7 P3 s0 {( Q; M2 \, m 54. Turning one’s back
: z, S' y& A: h/ e: ?/ D$ U9 v, p% N7 k
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; T4 s( h2 G8 d1 i+ ^THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. n' N! ?/ @) s) W: w
9 g( X" M: \) o2 [. z, e5 @* s% M; B
( U/ H1 c2 X! a/ X; O. ?, a8 l8 k* @& L: Y6 h+ B' i. {$ c7 M" ^, B4 L
Ostracism of Persons7 t( m( A, @, W; L
55. Social boycott& I3 e" A, d+ {- L
56. Selective social boycott
a7 `* _+ D; f1 T& q+ ? 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 `; g. E; M& R 58. Excommunication
8 S$ ^( U! c- O6 M 59. Interdict4 Q3 ^- ~. k1 A0 g2 c
$ d4 Q2 A( p; Q- x! t' Y3 r" ], z9 jNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" l2 \0 t# A3 J0 R$ B8 h9 |8 i
60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ B4 C2 p5 C/ z. _
61. Boycott of social affairs
0 N1 p4 r1 @+ l$ D4 x" ? 62. Student strike# h7 p* E1 g5 u) X: y+ w7 v
63. Social disobedience: \4 l' r7 O' N# d8 I5 q2 a5 T
64. Withdrawal from social institutions: |+ c2 n2 i$ a
2 M2 t0 q: f( X& PWithdrawal from the Social System2 s V3 D" ]5 X0 k( @0 A
65. Stay-at-home" b( U! T. u2 q: F) V
66. Total personal noncooperation/ n0 r$ L( A9 ]5 {5 H
67. “Flight” of workers2 R8 W8 L! ?9 m& t# d
68. Sanctuary( p* O2 x, n/ q+ X! J
69. Collective disappearance
) f4 \5 O U/ _6 U W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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5 j j5 f# g* z+ H7 d" f8 }
" x7 q6 @1 ^2 Y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 g% K9 s. c5 }* I- j0 v# J/ l% J
3 e7 p- t+ k4 ~
+ r2 v4 T, o' Z' L+ W9 |5 SActions by Consumers
9 Z8 x- Y9 Q4 B1 }: S- b 71. Consumers’ boycott
; n% i! z# R# o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; Z+ z6 X: U5 c4 O 73. Policy of austerity
* g- N5 c0 G! @% a! H 74. Rent withholding
/ r/ F! u! F2 ]2 s* I+ ~ 75. Refusal to rent
9 Z" e, _; L( A8 o 76. National consumers’ boycott
- [8 [: D% S% ?; Q4 \+ ]) ? 77. International consumers’ boycott
% v" t" \2 {+ Q$ k8 \2 r G4 R- \! t
Action by Workers and Producers
; ^% M7 A$ t- C- |( N 78. Workmen’s boycott
; n4 T l+ s" Z& C" ~9 X 79. Producers’ boycott
0 ` F+ Y) s( x
1 d2 d) R% \ |; F5 l" wAction by Middlemen' T2 P/ e0 f) d! D1 O$ V3 F2 y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott Z! b3 x0 t+ O a: X9 O
% B7 O, l" F' j5 i$ I6 Y
Action by Owners and Management
* Y- q) T4 B/ ?4 W: Q$ _1 J 81. Traders’ boycott
; a8 T- P" l( m) `5 ^1 w& P 82. Refusal to let or sell property/ ]0 `1 o) G5 [- i1 N
83. Lockout; K3 ~. W S0 q+ J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, ?* l7 W6 d* m
85. Merchants’ “general strike”- X7 \. N) X4 o o, k
% X) l' {" a0 `/ W* N2 MAction by Holders of Financial Resources0 D7 F5 j$ I+ W4 S1 ] P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 ]- O+ E6 v) O6 y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% V3 W+ u% \7 m# P 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 {, `# l- {( G
89. Severance of funds and credit2 M$ O* q) L% g x/ n
90. Revenue refusal
1 G* b$ S9 @6 r) K" J7 f 91. Refusal of a government’s money
, u! v w2 _. }+ D' L+ @# k
3 {2 M% @1 R# ~$ t! R" C- ?0 lAction by Governments7 x" Q3 s* ]8 F( _7 w' N3 |
92. Domestic embargo- m4 A( j' C3 w8 _) {
93. Blacklisting of traders
* t9 g8 ]" ~% w4 s 94. International sellers’ embargo
5 q$ R# a5 e" n% f 95. International buyers’ embargo
9 L4 F# I! {! ^2 i2 V7 V/ h 96. International trade embargo% K- q$ k, k3 r y, E+ |8 u
6 ^" ?2 t6 N5 K. v. m7 S2 }
9 K8 o4 Q! q0 p H3 ]
6 {1 N/ t; {- `5 L$ B. X! ?+ ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
( Y5 L7 \9 c h5 ~9 y4 m: t# C- w7 G W- {, j
6 G- y' y) x& r2 g8 q& {Symbolic Strikes
9 Z& L0 U/ e' c5 Z7 t1 N2 ^ 97. Protest strike
+ \' p( f. M% T# S 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( c, K' w) D/ c z- t+ s) v. j. m7 n2 I
! p, }# I3 I+ ~; P- s& l2 \- aAgricultural Strikes
) G( \& j0 K% H2 H 99. Peasant strike ~' S3 V# N- Q! T
100. Farm Workers’ strike! Q% M; c# M' V3 T2 L% N9 ]7 e) q
8 J" I {5 D. EStrikes by Special Groups
5 A7 {/ r# v4 I 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 s) r5 N6 A: N 102. Prisoners’ strike( j G/ Z1 N& D- Q/ {2 X
103. Craft strike3 k) K$ `: _' {& ^9 R, Q \# L5 Q
104. Professional strike
2 x) r: u0 r+ X5 o1 p$ p0 m! s w
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
" B3 h" _4 n3 F6 Z 105. Establishment strike$ u% f# a! b5 D
106. Industry strike
9 } U5 S* s- T 107. Sympathetic strike
7 q' v8 ]7 j& m% M/ n% h+ G( s. z. ]4 ^) G% D+ |
Restricted Strikes! @7 Y/ y. s3 E
108. Detailed strike% w* G4 [7 z9 w/ X4 i" x& y
109. Bumper strike
# }% J- a- p6 Q9 m 110. Slowdown strike
( N2 a6 r9 a/ F$ y/ q1 `. |# z 111. Working-to-rule strike
1 z; Q( F, N4 U) ?$ Q# C 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% Z$ i* e! G3 _5 T
113. Strike by resignation" R: T, C$ x2 L
114. Limited strike* r7 o7 n2 Z9 O1 Q3 T( V6 S6 j# p
115. Selective strike
1 p: G! e. M6 d2 y0 n) D( ^3 l) O3 H
% A& Q( C/ n- z* zMulti-Industry Strikes/ h, I2 T1 Q) ]0 P2 G( W7 i/ B
( u E }5 D# l9 h: }
116. Generalized strike
. x0 q2 i9 }) I9 x$ P
- E9 I9 U/ v# E5 X, _& j# r 117. General strike
! Q% R3 e/ G2 r! \3 m) |' l
- A8 ?2 p' _7 o" lCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
l& K% ?8 d: E* o5 g9 l
! X) t0 `2 `- m/ V+ ] 118. Hartal, C( ^) G {8 `$ ~! V) N3 ~
4 O2 u* f- ]3 P" [, {5 m8 P# c0 [; s
119. Economic shutdown
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# k: l, j2 c) [/ i! iTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 j5 X. B6 O1 }4 j d6 A! ~
7 ~' G% t9 [. K4 M2 C! oRejection of Authority
8 m0 k" v! M% @. x. k0 t 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance y" J( C- s$ `! `$ z
121. Refusal of public support4 Q% `6 b; b6 b2 ?2 U U
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- s: j! t( q. g
3 }/ `; s O: n4 N6 A5 ~0 NCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 L3 G- G1 ?$ `1 B( [/ k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% O# f; ]" G% C5 C 124. Boycott of elections' F: `9 T' O- \: b9 I1 b: m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 _" \, R4 x* N# L8 ~ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 t, [' z# j- @0 ` 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 A& N( G/ ]! b: e 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ ~( D) I! w6 m/ Y* O. J, u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& T# d( @3 P5 g3 @2 x 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* y3 a. v' I2 l" h A( n% V) ?1 l8 D 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 J8 k6 X. ^# \( W9 t 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% B" Z3 o2 r c9 V7 ]5 ~
5 T9 w5 K, Q& I+ E
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ Y8 c. U# Q8 E' o- \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ B( d# V/ h+ h$ K1 o! w0 A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- z7 K, F% t2 j+ r& a1 g4 A 135. Popular nonobedience- A1 `9 E! H& ~( r* v
136. Disguised disobedience
. Y& c* E. N4 X( H' { 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; O# v2 L4 u/ V f, J' @ 138. Sitdown
1 z2 E! x1 O2 E5 X* `* \. k; y( ~1 o+ ] 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 [& _. y1 f* O( S- r' \& E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) y7 y! P) W2 V& F7 v4 ~. n 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws/ X9 k2 n& l9 h
4 D$ G, b+ z7 |6 B1 W
Action by Government Personnel
u8 s3 A7 q: t6 p) h" R H) B 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 }- n) \- j+ }* }3 z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( D) m% u4 K4 i j& G$ e 144. Stalling and obstruction+ D) F" O/ b5 e I' P
145. General administrative noncooperation# b4 [* h/ e t# } s! s) I3 h
7 `( _* a# s* F1 \ n( C- l 146. Judicial noncooperation* \- t/ p6 G* g( _' F
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: [3 J9 a5 m* g- S
148. Mutiny
6 K7 [4 q* l6 Y7 ^! TDomestic Governmental Action
( M' \/ S v' U8 \2 h+ Q5 g 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" c" Q5 Y7 C' P 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 b F2 B* p1 ~) g3 D1 E+ n, D4 x$ b$ f% v" I4 q
International Governmental Action; z, F& p0 D3 Y2 n
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 A5 J2 P* ]+ D+ `3 ~5 u7 ]" U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 C3 k( I7 n' o* F
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 t( `) s1 p0 i( k% B8 E 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 g4 L! ^& M# Y- e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations# J* D7 q/ E9 s; E
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 M' A$ J- `/ t$ [7 Q( u! j 157. Expulsion from international organizations
: g6 V3 n/ ~7 `; H0 C: @* X. H- r. t* [& w4 s6 e1 f
1 e: l- @0 p& R9 F* Z
5 g% @) j2 m1 R5 `THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
% u, C9 z4 R% r' p4 K9 _$ B
7 r. c& v. x9 _; d0 ^+ E
! H5 P/ j2 @3 I6 R. Z; q" R4 hPsychological Intervention
3 q+ \0 q% z+ e/ H& _1 t- t 158. Self-exposure to the elements: G1 V$ g) C% \
159. The fast
( y& E6 u2 e" `+ Z/ `5 m a) Fast of moral pressure
: a; d' H' W, T8 i% h- s, `* F( @" A$ k b) Hunger strike
. B0 B$ [0 K$ G# P3 k# ]+ Q! d# i c) Satyagrahic fast
) G1 i- p: P/ @5 [, y1 y 160. Reverse trial
) ?( R K6 _+ J& a1 u6 `1 X2 ^/ q7 ? 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 K) M1 u7 c$ b. R
9 d; ?7 [8 U! S wPhysical Intervention
/ F- a3 y. P, b; M6 w" x 162. Sit-in
" i! }3 v8 ^/ ?# P8 J0 Q 163. Stand-in
! \2 G/ F8 B$ L- p 164. Ride-in) m2 l& l4 h' Y
165. Wade-in ]( G! ~; e8 v
166. Mill-in
) E( z/ [" h5 ~- @ 167. Pray-in2 {- T% E }$ U' N" J. J
168. Nonviolent raids
* r& C7 z% T8 h8 ]% |$ f7 L( B8 v 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 g2 m7 z6 ~/ c v( N 170. Nonviolent invasion( h4 J1 y6 i# y2 O9 `2 A% i. |
171. Nonviolent interjection, o" ^ F9 T* r) i1 T7 a
172. Nonviolent obstruction* F0 u# W/ F f& \0 p" p* U" ]
173. Nonviolent occupation
& |. j. N% J- f9 y9 U( N3 T$ F5 `, C; q5 I9 m3 S9 l2 X
Social Intervention _' V+ _/ D+ E1 m, p
174. Establishing new social patterns6 v$ s" d3 s( M( v/ o
175. Overloading of facilities
$ z+ s: E; ?1 z& E9 {# z. M' r 176. Stall-in
% Q+ K3 ^: V5 I# e& O& U+ ` 177. Speak-in* S% y4 T8 `' S; s4 y* j
178. Guerrilla theater6 [/ G0 R% m/ O$ k: z! @
179. Alternative social institutions4 @$ P) j' o0 X2 J$ w
180. Alternative communication system
' c# b# ~3 i/ z1 ?) C* Y; \. i
Economic Intervention
c. h- n, W, O7 X' \# s* ]. x 181. Reverse strike- y' Z: C/ }. v- d* \7 J0 P" \) e
182. Stay-in strike
! k% g" A0 _. L$ n$ G! J 183. Nonviolent land seizure
4 M! B: E: ]' W, H, T& { 184. Defiance of blockades
! |# H5 Z. \5 F 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; u8 y$ D9 c/ M
186. Preclusive purchasing# X2 m# {, z4 B. o. x6 W5 `# R
187. Seizure of assets% g3 S" E( i8 l) r9 ?
188. Dumping. N U' Q; x' j7 P3 b
189. Selective patronage
( a4 Q. Z" I* K& D3 [; G9 U6 T$ p 190. Alternative markets
5 x* t3 Q% l1 Z9 P3 L 191. Alternative transportation systems# E8 G' { Y9 t0 a8 m
192. Alternative economic institutions* y5 _* R5 L. o& m# N, J ]& }: z s
8 {$ P! P) u R: w, X
Political Intervention: Q/ A, k4 a- T& Z1 m
193. Overloading of administrative systems
" m5 p2 D, O9 z/ P d9 d/ d' v( }1 X 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# O3 L6 T4 x! H6 P, W" ~
195. Seeking imprisonment _0 l0 y* a" N+ E( U l
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; W+ e# _1 R8 S) M# A% |; d 197. Work-on without collaboration$ T+ i F$ U9 {! {. [$ K: Y! t
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government G2 }7 w' w; Q, @. T5 E
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
