 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
0 u f% y1 q; n7 J$ PFormal Statements
7 @7 H8 K% K* p+ g 1. Public Speeches
4 X' h8 e( t$ q% W 2. Letters of opposition or support
: I9 F9 y( [6 l2 T6 x0 F( F; R7 Y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' f1 T4 P, t% ]$ Q# V
4. Signed public statements6 D9 V, \/ ?+ A
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ c" d3 V: w, r' j 6. Group or mass petitions$ B2 [: A1 g }( q& P% T
z; q/ k3 T5 w6 T$ V; @
Communications with a Wider Audience' Z. |5 m9 } B
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& a0 T f2 Y) h; x6 D/ _$ I* C9 | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% e5 g. ~5 r4 |' t% N% { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
i) J3 n& G3 M2 m+ B. X" L z+ q 10. Newspapers and journals
7 V6 O6 r' Y4 a6 v) @' w 11. Records, radio, and television
7 I( O/ W K- u% o& U, L l 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 x6 ^2 ~4 l: n3 g; m, n( z
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Group Representations. ]. g* }! P8 U+ {( z+ ~' w" Q
13. Deputations
# }1 D; d: p. m2 f& D0 u0 z% m 14. Mock awards; ^- t2 h9 S2 i# ?% p7 ]: |# r! N( Z
15. Group lobbying; y% W9 P3 N1 t/ J7 [
16. Picketing0 `# o9 m% n; A: H& M" D A7 q
17. Mock elections
. ~+ [ I; I. t) L( \9 d& z) |5 E- E5 C) t T3 b; A' b
Symbolic Public Acts, q7 T" _* f. w( U: b4 D+ \
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, k. g# f9 X5 x 19. Wearing of symbols* W5 v7 H% g+ C) s( t4 `
20. Prayer and worship
w: Y1 c% W* S0 f$ ?) U 21. Delivering symbolic objects# n7 E S) H" F
22. Protest disrobings
( P6 _! N; J8 p 23. Destruction of own property( S& X& a2 t! V; Q$ s
24. Symbolic lights0 X1 u% F, Q4 t7 ]/ V& Y) K! ~" i
25. Displays of portraits
0 Y1 N. }+ S* }# L9 y2 O 26. Paint as protest
- z0 O9 U0 g0 s+ ~ 27. New signs and names
8 S" P5 Q+ x" i, l! H P! ] 28. Symbolic sounds
/ N- d% j: U: c 29. Symbolic reclamations
" V: [1 X ~$ Q; u. t$ D: h8 g 30. Rude gestures
2 @# r3 o7 l. _8 K ^" U0 \4 Y
$ x% k' b7 C5 p; d5 ~. tPressures on Individuals
6 b7 A0 V9 z" h) c( C! u 31. “Haunting” officials2 ?- O) Y1 ~. L. b' h& s' m3 R: p
32. Taunting officials( {9 Y+ s6 c' g
33. Fraternization
q/ H, C0 B! } D 34. Vigils. a, m4 G: _; D+ b8 u
6 d$ u/ J! [, t3 L& i3 q# cDrama and Music! C) N& k, v( M$ W" N$ f
35. Humorous skits and pranks
: S/ ~. i! o/ {/ Z, U; @; q0 y 36. Performances of plays and music8 v+ X) A D( a& A3 j
37. Singing
2 n( s2 X0 Z+ A, N
" ^" B; w ?- s( f0 `* @Processions
1 N9 c8 u' F5 k* N/ d# O 38. Marches
7 n+ }2 w m9 Z0 O c 39. Parades' ~9 T9 }: b$ J9 [1 Z4 l; c4 m
40. Religious processions4 V# D* d$ u! y; `
41. Pilgrimages
8 L% s) P& G- E2 `# r3 M5 d& Y 42. Motorcades8 f/ Y Q$ r5 M7 ?
; W3 A' |: S5 `
Honoring the Dead+ s+ ?/ v% ^, G& ?5 H3 H& y
43. Political mourning0 W1 _2 i# V1 b. Y" Z
44. Mock funerals
1 q- `) Y3 Q4 X5 q( ]* v. F/ w 45. Demonstrative funerals
! Z& K9 W) Q0 B 46. Homage at burial places( F2 w: ~% F w$ J- }' I
8 }4 s: j+ u: F9 g: }4 FPublic Assemblies
6 V1 i( u( Q/ c2 }3 A 47. Assemblies of protest or support, A: t, _$ r5 S+ k5 `* ~2 G7 {/ S
48. Protest meetings" b# X {' O% b5 G3 @& Q9 I& V
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ H2 y8 E* D" p1 E! |) z 50. Teach-ins7 k2 k- m% d3 I. b$ Q7 ^
3 E5 K8 s1 F' @( @! c1 a
Withdrawal and Renunciation
2 J% x6 r8 f6 {2 @: u3 }2 a6 H 51. Walk-outs
# q! L ?- H: J) y: M; ` 52. Silence
/ V M b( A+ @ 53. Renouncing honors5 q& j% F1 G% U3 H1 y1 i: S
54. Turning one’s back
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) @7 {# s8 ^: x. y / @) `; ]* ~1 a/ A" V
- H/ z Q. J8 A/ RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* c4 b& N# x9 h4 Q$ ]2 b) W" k8 w1 k+ d) K0 \$ X- J
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; G, x- k5 m8 h4 z- a7 COstracism of Persons
' y/ f3 w& w) N' z 55. Social boycott
+ I( [3 `1 R9 Q) J2 d 56. Selective social boycott
7 I4 h, L( d, H h Q 57. Lysistratic nonaction
z( X. V; z( H# g& R7 h& w 58. Excommunication
- w2 H2 e d4 c2 A1 ` 59. Interdict# W- G# B2 e! ?6 T3 V O0 c2 [; e3 @
$ V' ?+ T$ J ^+ H3 W9 J
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions w% O" m2 o/ |5 {
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 h& g" b0 f2 @$ A: i 61. Boycott of social affairs& V. T& c3 L$ l7 j( z3 O; b
62. Student strike
( a7 s; k- @# [ 63. Social disobedience
, n" n6 ^! X c/ E& v0 r, H: g 64. Withdrawal from social institutions" t2 L% W; Z0 B f; q3 K
9 V' [( z% M/ |- N; s0 T. e9 rWithdrawal from the Social System
2 [9 Y# n3 N& k! {) q* p j, O 65. Stay-at-home
0 s) O$ n1 j3 }3 i6 g! m# b 66. Total personal noncooperation
) y; o" ?) k# B& C) }2 I 67. “Flight” of workers
/ ?8 Z# A; Q7 H0 f* j2 c 68. Sanctuary8 R) W' V6 h& N
69. Collective disappearance- ~' B! r! n" K8 Z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat), G5 P. d9 g, P" d( k
1 T# Q) \# P8 |. w& K& f + ]+ B# ]/ r& X. [2 D l; U
) U& p8 t% V7 [5 B3 _& W
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* t' i g4 e( M. v' a* P' I$ F4 ]) \, i# O1 t+ F8 e+ d
: _" z- m, d) S* }- UActions by Consumers
# }6 }, N! n: R( a 71. Consumers’ boycott/ ~9 g7 G: c! \& H+ |! Y! _+ l
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; {; i& h* X/ m' X& |' [2 Q# c9 B 73. Policy of austerity
* F1 x. J' h8 G# }4 V1 F 74. Rent withholding$ s& R; D+ I* n4 m3 o$ G5 O# }
75. Refusal to rent
/ L& A$ B! M. T1 E5 W* ? m4 s# ? 76. National consumers’ boycott
( Z) P9 _* a: i( h& P 77. International consumers’ boycott
. g4 q+ _( Q; X( X! b# Y
; a& h8 f6 I9 i% }3 c1 {4 [Action by Workers and Producers/ `2 W+ G( b) p0 l: I8 I
78. Workmen’s boycott
' B- ^2 k( Z* ^ 79. Producers’ boycott
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7 b( V" R Q; V% X- U4 ]) X/ DAction by Middlemen
% u! v7 m; X) J6 k6 r$ u9 s 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( @- Y7 ]7 b1 }* u
# K& a; {- {2 p& Z" R6 lAction by Owners and Management
G( |. M% E- b% s+ N( B" T" q 81. Traders’ boycott
' E4 I" j+ z0 D* v9 U7 ^ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ m! ?' f) ?5 x d7 m0 R' F 83. Lockout
X, a5 P6 C6 x, ~4 Z k; f 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ d( E% f4 k% E- I- y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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; K0 P+ `6 q& F5 e" o) C: C- AAction by Holders of Financial Resources
3 F/ Y [4 k) @, s+ ^8 A 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" o! C6 O& h. X. H( {; x 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) O# N/ \8 B: J
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 K: o3 ]2 `2 ~9 \- z. k
89. Severance of funds and credit6 d. ]- B4 d( z- i5 T# p
90. Revenue refusal* S* q) n, U: ^$ e
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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* m* [4 M% Z c- b* E6 @% WAction by Governments
) x' z7 \3 I% v1 i2 g* T! K; V 92. Domestic embargo* @: @; j1 s8 d3 b% k
93. Blacklisting of traders3 J! z6 p8 u- I* V& b" J
94. International sellers’ embargo. P# E+ Q4 ? {$ V% I; m; w
95. International buyers’ embargo1 x- x$ W9 n s
96. International trade embargo8 z5 {0 O% K* C3 g* L/ D
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0 o6 V6 m# _( ]% X$ a3 l
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" Y8 S& N3 a& v5 \3 e z$ A8 j
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Symbolic Strikes
" I3 W5 C, W* G2 ^- X9 K8 B3 l% K7 l 97. Protest strike
8 `1 y2 S9 q' M 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 R. G4 I5 v2 i3 k* z/ N+ ^! Y( \, w: ]6 B
Agricultural Strikes0 G+ u( a# j* f3 J2 D/ {' F4 p' o
99. Peasant strike
! V: y, h# {: k5 R 100. Farm Workers’ strike( s, [7 ]$ l4 `
/ h% ]% Y1 b/ v3 {( j3 VStrikes by Special Groups$ r: b# B- b' e) U
101. Refusal of impressed labor }+ _7 v! k7 d, D4 c. Z7 J2 u
102. Prisoners’ strike$ m# {, m2 l4 q7 k" G
103. Craft strike6 P& L0 w- a7 o! V7 q) D0 l" t
104. Professional strike
5 j' T6 P& k& k6 Q! J% w! z
]! d( g. Z5 X2 Y) KOrdinary Industrial Strikes
" H5 p7 |; v, b; d; s 105. Establishment strike
7 ]+ n# C( }5 i* P0 B 106. Industry strike
7 ~5 A i$ w0 k' L/ C* q 107. Sympathetic strike) o3 B) ~3 `1 J+ w& A& M0 I) ?& y
) h( A2 H' e& W1 Q, i! k, t1 eRestricted Strikes
# y7 s" z7 d* n9 u* e& L 108. Detailed strike |8 z3 ~: Y! |$ u; O
109. Bumper strike
6 \% m$ K- K/ y* W [ 110. Slowdown strike
( q. D6 F7 W A \" F" k 111. Working-to-rule strike
1 J( }) L# X' u4 [+ v 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: y: X& g1 S' a7 N6 S8 b 113. Strike by resignation
0 ^$ ^) g( I) U 114. Limited strike
+ A$ O' h* {) a8 J 115. Selective strike# C: P% C( a8 ]1 w* ]/ Y7 T
& ~8 M( Y, r5 `5 O. @
Multi-Industry Strikes
7 h! ^) I+ g& x X4 Z/ G! Q
; I' t: v8 K: c6 n+ X# v1 g6 u: I 116. Generalized strike d& g% l- a' X9 a
0 p* P+ K- ]# U* K
117. General strike: Z; D/ h- x8 }1 ~: [
5 R' Q+ Z2 n0 S0 I6 l5 M% RCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures h* \4 u) f! b/ d
5 ~5 o8 s |/ J! ~! w
118. Hartal/ T! p, z6 a% B' J
0 _( T% S; l$ ^# J
119. Economic shutdown
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; s. i. o+ \$ H% v0 |# nTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( l/ k4 G8 m1 i5 y
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Rejection of Authority& G3 C# b8 T: K2 t' @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 M4 v* ]* ~2 T% ]
121. Refusal of public support3 U7 ^7 I# a% S- w9 `( w. U
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 L2 x9 A. t* S# O0 N: ?! W( `
& t% d% u( s7 y! F; L" n8 j1 N. f$ uCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: i+ u/ N% Q8 [7 }* [: R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies( K- }/ p6 G1 J' w
124. Boycott of elections
% E0 B4 c6 R0 Q7 [6 k 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 B/ |. x) Y. }9 Z" x( ^4 `- h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. l0 Y, i9 a3 \
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 a: |0 p9 T: G$ O/ W$ E# A% r
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- ~9 j a' J7 K! F
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 R( o4 H; B1 P0 A3 G4 R; p0 E
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' Z5 W t3 I. h4 Q; q: E
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 p8 p2 i5 A& r4 S 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 R! [2 n$ X; o; ?* q3 n0 g2 g0 K1 q, G& j+ v0 A. T7 F& L/ D0 e
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 _* _" T) @" b9 E1 v5 |0 m8 e
133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 y, S8 n" ?! w7 j
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 T, P6 u i6 q' z: W 135. Popular nonobedience" Z3 V0 ^ |6 o3 @" x' \
136. Disguised disobedience
! V: v- d6 T) c. T 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 P* f3 {$ O( v3 l 138. Sitdown9 i' ]) E7 K0 |- W. W8 h
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 c3 G- N( ~; I* R9 b: L
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ l! ~- X+ j+ s% I6 f2 C6 S
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" i/ |1 ?; M8 T4 E+ ^
4 A) p% z& D7 t
Action by Government Personnel
4 e7 p5 y4 ` p6 e! N 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 W8 c7 {- l' n' T 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 ?# F- a& h _+ a9 Z* X1 V0 x 144. Stalling and obstruction
* L/ k2 I( ]5 }& ~8 g e6 e 145. General administrative noncooperation
# c6 l# b) s; @' G1 ?) g. H; H( V) j3 P \8 ]
146. Judicial noncooperation4 Q$ G; @3 ]2 m" a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- q2 N9 Q2 S. y. I) c
148. Mutiny
9 ?* c; m. _) y' cDomestic Governmental Action
+ V8 f; |1 h$ p% ]' i2 { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; O% _) i; i8 q& U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& s. i2 i9 ~2 q4 g2 x) j- k5 c" U
0 b5 E5 O9 `! F- O0 p4 S
International Governmental Action F' G: |6 |% H b9 y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, L1 }9 x. J- x
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( K C# r" ]# M9 X- D; Q% \
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% W" g* x$ l+ o( z9 I2 H2 Z1 o
154. Severance of diplomatic relations B+ C, ^0 Y2 I+ j# ]# l3 a8 q
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 B7 H; D" R ? g0 k
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, m/ j: b. t' p: K4 d
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" S8 X! M' T# Q: u- e
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0 Y6 J4 G6 q" e# {0 ^Psychological Intervention
, U' k. v( R5 u) z8 K4 A7 t 158. Self-exposure to the elements
* n+ S* K% m6 F: _8 K 159. The fast
6 d7 o/ D$ M/ P1 _6 ~$ X: w1 z a) Fast of moral pressure* ^4 I) s. k( f) V
b) Hunger strike5 `; Z |: i ~
c) Satyagrahic fast% ]8 S; b) l8 l3 _* \8 u$ o2 y$ a3 u
160. Reverse trial
5 t# Z2 h6 j+ T3 t; l) B 161. Nonviolent harassment
: v2 ^8 m: L# V: e: ]$ G; @* i/ G$ V3 q B% |7 i
Physical Intervention5 k- Q* f6 c2 f) Y- m f
162. Sit-in0 {' b& l( a" I* K1 Z$ n4 x
163. Stand-in2 D5 O$ X/ f1 w2 G9 y
164. Ride-in
4 b# M# }. ]2 v/ ` 165. Wade-in
2 L! L# w4 U$ M; r: J1 H, K8 y 166. Mill-in. g8 a/ |% n+ C5 M4 L3 I
167. Pray-in+ t# Q. Y: O3 Y& m; @' ^/ O# N& g( v
168. Nonviolent raids
1 k4 g- j$ k$ ]0 Y1 ?; J- s4 G 169. Nonviolent air raids0 u& x- n; A6 S
170. Nonviolent invasion
$ a2 r: T3 F* f' `$ ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection
+ w+ I" l+ W T3 r- U' l5 D3 Q3 e 172. Nonviolent obstruction
; Y2 _2 E# R) [, a3 M 173. Nonviolent occupation0 D2 _2 X$ Y3 D2 C
% @' h' |" V* ^/ Y8 z7 USocial Intervention
8 Z. I/ x2 [* N9 x! Z 174. Establishing new social patterns
3 ~/ |0 z1 \9 W8 u 175. Overloading of facilities: h: Y( d- h6 U: t4 D
176. Stall-in
+ i2 e) y1 g+ ^# y. v 177. Speak-in+ v, N2 n2 r' y2 m
178. Guerrilla theater& n7 a) k6 U7 h# I/ C w8 S
179. Alternative social institutions
% T4 p: X' ?0 P! q/ o/ L+ i/ w 180. Alternative communication system
3 R$ _: H& M% X" S5 X7 Z9 R! s" n- Z0 ~- L/ C+ J" P
Economic Intervention
( K6 m2 j/ g/ n: | X 181. Reverse strike7 X8 V# p( ?- a. `0 O* s
182. Stay-in strike
2 s: D& I* { }! r6 C4 u 183. Nonviolent land seizure1 ?3 [. S. A1 w2 Z
184. Defiance of blockades
: {9 |0 U7 H+ j9 V6 R& \ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ K$ | G0 e$ w+ J$ B% q* h
186. Preclusive purchasing
% ?% Y; M d0 T0 Z 187. Seizure of assets6 I$ P1 g( c8 F# `5 I. b
188. Dumping# E7 S* \: J- u
189. Selective patronage' x2 y6 q `' i: y& M
190. Alternative markets& |, `8 W0 r, w( u
191. Alternative transportation systems
9 f' f6 [, H1 p# A 192. Alternative economic institutions: `5 j& O2 m& k7 ?# Y$ Q) m: w2 [0 d
: g x, ~8 n" a) yPolitical Intervention
- S* m; P" p2 W6 R: }; O$ p9 { 193. Overloading of administrative systems* U# Q/ K9 c% E: f
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; s8 E6 C% U( ~4 I2 m b' P 195. Seeking imprisonment5 R/ h4 K) K' V" j" J' S
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- W3 a* @$ {0 l* v$ ` 197. Work-on without collaboration
2 a! Q1 F6 `3 v- I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 H2 z3 f* L$ v# B
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
