 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: w2 `8 l( y6 G0 Q9 e
Formal Statements/ u. L7 \' I$ B& N$ K
1. Public Speeches
) J! _' ]; \* O 2. Letters of opposition or support6 M# W1 v. O) n- W5 a0 V9 g, p+ O
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ S; ]# Z( P$ a; x) r5 N1 m 4. Signed public statements5 _$ t3 ? `$ i# H9 X; o C- l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 x% h/ U7 K7 ^ ?6 t1 x
6. Group or mass petitions* C9 E2 k3 v9 g2 B& c
( O o$ ?- A' h; I! Q- h+ B8 O NCommunications with a Wider Audience$ q W/ q" @, u9 v
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
L4 x. p7 C+ l3 u% o" J 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ s" D, O6 t" G# }" z1 Q# b' E
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 v7 a! z3 V7 o% y# T) l" G# ~# G 10. Newspapers and journals: E4 f1 z" F! L2 E" g$ h- _1 ~
11. Records, radio, and television
0 d+ l9 ^$ g6 d7 \) \' ]; q y 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 C$ @# z$ s* @. a, l; V. e) y+ {( J/ N7 w3 C
Group Representations( M; p6 Z7 `8 z& N
13. Deputations Q4 Q+ F/ }( Z, a
14. Mock awards
7 q9 n. \; u2 G 15. Group lobbying
! V$ {5 Z8 c4 V- u6 q, @ 16. Picketing. e! c) u" z9 G/ c* K2 [
17. Mock elections
! A& F5 O# P2 K' S2 v
/ T% W0 q& c* \9 X4 |5 ~$ f, @( HSymbolic Public Acts/ h. w5 e9 l% `" W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 V9 Z9 ^6 v% \# ~' o! Q 19. Wearing of symbols
3 p$ t+ M4 j w. L# J9 z 20. Prayer and worship' x4 B, [4 _( w
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 t7 Y/ S0 T2 L
22. Protest disrobings: p6 w5 z9 H5 \5 _$ H8 k4 n
23. Destruction of own property
4 \+ I3 C* B3 X, N 24. Symbolic lights
8 H* q6 X1 q( ^4 m" ?9 \* p m0 L( y 25. Displays of portraits8 a0 e, }' P' s. X
26. Paint as protest
: g' t& A! U! X+ N) v: N" e 27. New signs and names
$ }- t/ {6 J4 X8 L, V 28. Symbolic sounds
7 C& `* j: r6 s+ ` 29. Symbolic reclamations
! ]+ D7 @% Q L% C+ _4 c; i/ ? 30. Rude gestures* {! \ ^" x) c+ e4 f' Q$ _# T
; N6 q7 z! G6 y$ F& g, G' i- J0 r
Pressures on Individuals
$ M: V6 j6 d# ]2 O) X 31. “Haunting” officials
( R D: m; r8 C# F 32. Taunting officials
" ?$ D e7 U, X% I" t) j. R 33. Fraternization
( {* f, g: l7 f1 { 34. Vigils7 H* I) l) N+ j/ o& _; W% ?
0 K" q; a/ M3 G8 q, u
Drama and Music1 T$ f* h2 x; F/ @& c% ~& t7 s! z
35. Humorous skits and pranks( b5 y8 c4 G" |5 y7 x, X# ^
36. Performances of plays and music6 C' [# Y" r+ ~# Q9 S
37. Singing9 E* F# f8 s8 p) v7 r& d
$ r* B# T# G! j
Processions [$ y+ ~8 {$ b. `& `
38. Marches" x( O; C5 R& c/ c2 ^% L( \
39. Parades
: {5 l- I" o- g" G/ H 40. Religious processions4 i+ q' s) J1 e# l
41. Pilgrimages4 f' _, c6 z, f5 g, k) x8 B
42. Motorcades
h9 Z6 r# l7 q0 t& o; u
) n/ L- y& a, v* Q" U% m$ @& ^8 kHonoring the Dead% Y1 X: t* l6 ? x. L- e" Y9 u( O
43. Political mourning( ^% B% B. P8 I) q
44. Mock funerals
: U5 Y$ g8 R" K) |& {" l. V 45. Demonstrative funerals
# X5 K! S- t: B' @: r! F% w; P" X 46. Homage at burial places `& \" w+ h/ ^; B! l( X4 _
+ P M! w+ p) T
Public Assemblies7 D( e/ K/ x& ^; r
47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ z! p) U& W* R' q. W 48. Protest meetings$ I1 I" N* E4 N8 O8 \: b6 l
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) `, F9 S, X4 T* _4 H
50. Teach-ins
8 C' m( L+ f0 v6 }1 x
. x3 Q) E: E. ZWithdrawal and Renunciation% f; Q2 d3 O" z" W7 C$ c' i
51. Walk-outs/ P! L! Y" b3 v( q
52. Silence
1 U" K. ^) z8 h 53. Renouncing honors
. g z3 K0 Q) S. C; u! w/ b 54. Turning one’s back
9 T+ m4 z% N3 R ^5 V4 C% ~# a$ R1 ]% B$ a
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' O6 L4 v- N( u1 }7 f* |0 KTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 O. L' k3 D( J/ W( Z& K( s7 `
1 ? X" R) H) ~, j
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Ostracism of Persons' s' R v% @5 Z: `8 b2 \- p" g! V
55. Social boycott, U5 |$ t+ D$ c& i
56. Selective social boycott9 u$ |9 u, u5 d* l1 }
57. Lysistratic nonaction3 X, Y& _9 o2 }$ ~3 q6 o. Q. A
58. Excommunication
; i. q" z- ?6 |0 i, C 59. Interdict0 |/ p6 y$ r+ f
' h6 w3 E9 V& R; i# H
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; g8 o/ P K5 h7 m$ i 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) K: B7 D0 P) ^0 J( ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs7 E/ ^, A! N# k
62. Student strike
, t' n3 g. I0 I l 63. Social disobedience
; |8 f. u, P8 d) H: S4 L2 N* e6 A a3 a: J 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* ] M* T+ C+ K3 I7 Y
$ ~- J5 K! ~' d# t. n9 rWithdrawal from the Social System
" l, x: V" ?) ?5 M, k 65. Stay-at-home5 E) H o$ V; o9 Y; {: ]; y0 o
66. Total personal noncooperation
4 N9 H) j1 R0 S9 }& i 67. “Flight” of workers$ `" _0 X6 A8 ?6 T1 \' y) n
68. Sanctuary0 y! G: ^/ e1 L/ D; {, }) i
69. Collective disappearance
9 J0 }5 b% \1 e 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 J. [4 d; h5 y) m
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
# k8 P/ Z" `: {) h1 S
( V) E0 H( B3 F
7 F9 S U# L6 h; L' M$ ZActions by Consumers
5 @: |( w# D( D8 o5 ]' y5 n( l1 W 71. Consumers’ boycott
* U9 O( n2 q, ~6 d: W# V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 o6 D$ | }$ ]8 j3 S& s" u. K
73. Policy of austerity3 Y% e' U( Z5 Q D6 Z" R
74. Rent withholding
1 l% a; k" Z D5 i4 ? 75. Refusal to rent% Y l' V% Y2 _
76. National consumers’ boycott" ~, {2 i0 D# q- G2 K e
77. International consumers’ boycott( S7 X- @/ @, h5 y
9 u S# v, k. F R8 q- h
Action by Workers and Producers
8 u: ?' K' |* l. S 78. Workmen’s boycott
, e, O8 ] o8 E: f5 w) R 79. Producers’ boycott
3 l6 ]" Q7 q7 P" a% p% w
; {6 h) o9 [: K5 H$ zAction by Middlemen0 e, B+ Z; y& ]
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( w6 z' Y! V% U& |4 \
9 M; |9 }/ P! x" s) B
Action by Owners and Management
0 c2 [* h6 ^& }1 ]* y 81. Traders’ boycott1 w n1 q* d" b; o) X1 ^6 B
82. Refusal to let or sell property6 x( j9 p9 [1 ~" n6 E) @/ ]
83. Lockout
! d( A0 Q7 z2 Z8 x# {! H; X$ r3 N 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( H; ]1 g/ N7 @; e. K4 M% }$ o 85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ v8 @! ~# O; x
& [ A6 N, p8 {$ V) z0 nAction by Holders of Financial Resources
1 Y0 ?, T6 P0 K3 i }3 E0 I 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. P6 Q# D, a/ Q0 A/ S 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 D# Z; ]# B3 }1 U6 a- M. K 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( e+ _5 }2 S- V
89. Severance of funds and credit
# T/ S- t4 ?. J4 X 90. Revenue refusal
( {! `/ X7 |; A+ O! t& C0 Q 91. Refusal of a government’s money
) `& N; r- W7 ` H& E2 _2 i5 N9 i; I( Y3 L% m! \+ ^3 a( M) n: N, x
Action by Governments. ?; E! c. H. ` Y, d
92. Domestic embargo4 S1 g e5 s1 [+ p, V
93. Blacklisting of traders/ v3 l" Z4 }! v7 X
94. International sellers’ embargo& m6 a0 A" ]) o
95. International buyers’ embargo' Q! C3 T: q2 j8 g8 N
96. International trade embargo- y# A: E4 @4 E6 w/ k5 J
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# R u. [: ~ L0 g" f5 B
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3 R6 \6 t E! K' E. A! D" CSymbolic Strikes
/ V3 v% v' z: O' ]% B 97. Protest strike- S9 ?% V" Y+ [
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ b7 c2 m! u/ W$ H
3 f8 G& Q" F! X3 {4 G
Agricultural Strikes- P) E# a f% O6 @
99. Peasant strike
+ i6 U# `2 N' M7 e% I: { 100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 y6 E9 k; U! |
2 C" ]& D; i0 ] F& eStrikes by Special Groups# j$ n7 |( ^/ r- z7 i
101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ q* S+ P( a9 Q m0 v+ q& e 102. Prisoners’ strike. \6 F7 j4 n: {) ?7 f" [# ?, S
103. Craft strike
5 m1 y4 d* F% x, Z. A8 f 104. Professional strike/ F, k- N+ O, j( g- G3 d. J' e
) Z( G* Q$ B8 G4 U& uOrdinary Industrial Strikes/ s) K: f0 o) X+ q/ L) t
105. Establishment strike3 u r' e9 C+ o
106. Industry strike) R" F% D* H! h
107. Sympathetic strike6 K- k9 I& o5 K% Y
+ r( G t [. [2 jRestricted Strikes, x5 J( {# M8 m& o# r8 y* V% u
108. Detailed strike
* O3 a- e! ^/ J" I 109. Bumper strike
& C, ?3 D' T( { 110. Slowdown strike
) B( J4 Y8 n! Z) T% S. Y; Q 111. Working-to-rule strike' h8 p/ p+ k; c& m; r: [6 ?
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: ^7 E. m( J1 r" W2 D" [ P6 P 113. Strike by resignation
( ~: p8 k7 n( o6 Y# w9 @ 114. Limited strike
+ Y8 b& l3 ?2 t# P2 d( ~# F# l 115. Selective strike
' V1 t) @! z9 x) X) q
. W* Q8 j) ]1 K. B0 C R! C" dMulti-Industry Strikes
! m- _% Q7 W# ~2 y% ]9 _. _7 P2 Z8 _0 `9 I Z% H& \
116. Generalized strike7 ]- f. b: s* j
" f. v+ f' d7 Z3 i6 R
117. General strike
1 M& b% i1 a D# w4 I+ w9 d4 g5 x! W! N r- F
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures, M. ~: z6 J9 N, W* j
7 x% T, @( X* E2 f0 Y4 i/ v
118. Hartal
F; T" V) s- p8 k! [; M9 P2 ~. u0 ~2 m4 g
119. Economic shutdown0 x2 h0 O2 t3 L0 S/ m
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; I* I3 P' G- n/ I" UTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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+ h7 _/ n8 @- S6 ]
1 V5 o( r+ Y) I* o, LRejection of Authority
0 ]' C) q! F/ Z0 B+ P! _$ g# ?% S 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% L; H2 q$ Z% ~/ H6 P1 [ 121. Refusal of public support
# C% P8 ~+ x3 t) |( s, v 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: h; n8 G n, }% Y0 P# f
6 m1 l, i' r; U0 w U* A
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 r s s! h5 P4 D0 R6 i9 n8 q2 _) L. b 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 }+ h8 a" T! {3 a 124. Boycott of elections
" r9 B& ?0 m" p' A 125. Boycott of government employment and positions& z! ?8 d: X0 t( E- u
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( J# }- U6 J+ a6 O( j
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% f3 _; \* C: ^/ h* W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ p. i8 |+ {6 R% d) }+ ^( i 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 @( @8 {& I. }) X
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 R, L7 `, |: z/ [, J g$ A 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 `# f5 x8 i# }3 A4 N% l
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 G/ ~. B! ]3 f- [
/ @' F6 T( S8 Y$ `8 T9 ?
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* G! X- Z6 r: H! Y/ C) _
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" _+ |4 E6 b) |4 P- A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% n( i V+ b% s
135. Popular nonobedience: A- _- ^* I/ t- [. l+ p
136. Disguised disobedience
! A; W8 G5 o7 w/ I 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( ` z. |: E3 O, e 138. Sitdown, y6 Z" F l, t/ Z6 Z' {* ]
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; V% O3 Q6 h( S
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ W6 c; {/ M7 F1 h# g/ w4 E/ ]
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: x" L$ g7 q0 W$ ?* r1 n: c* |+ ]) u7 x9 `) `! B l; S
Action by Government Personnel2 ], O1 V& @3 [$ D+ M
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 y: {; F# V$ j/ X 143. Blocking of lines of command and information3 W4 u! q: h- h( B
144. Stalling and obstruction
, H) c! l2 ?0 F5 z* J% \" f 145. General administrative noncooperation6 m" v3 h" h, R5 w4 f9 x( k
. N4 P f5 [$ n* b
146. Judicial noncooperation+ e4 n+ |$ ?$ A6 f; b
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! N4 d* v" z" c, R0 f 148. Mutiny! P, z% v" L( n* R
Domestic Governmental Action
- ?( Q6 b0 N0 e- O0 R 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( {1 R7 y! a( x
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: V/ ~. B: N8 ^/ \0 w/ w C0 ?, q4 C3 m# Z0 u1 O) ^( j8 g
International Governmental Action3 y0 c1 J& S4 U$ s) ^' n
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 V& ]# o7 [- j, F+ a+ L 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# w9 Y! F8 s2 C. z$ I/ \
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ `6 Z) G2 v# `* |- R0 O
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& T: r9 D* p1 ]2 ` {: F* | 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" J& m& l: V g; k' X: B4 k3 r 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ ?* B& F- m% k 157. Expulsion from international organizations: Z; }& T3 g, ~* R8 F% j
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 t, {3 `7 K4 j4 k8 S* l
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Psychological Intervention* B; ^5 I! U* Y
158. Self-exposure to the elements
L9 a1 y. n4 i9 {& w" I. k# L0 y 159. The fast
5 W' x. |; ~$ A1 C0 q a) Fast of moral pressure
" d5 u2 _+ T3 A b) Hunger strike, r' A; b; N8 h( P5 H% Q# ^
c) Satyagrahic fast$ s5 I3 [/ q, D/ q( s7 [% {
160. Reverse trial% O' W+ ^ y% ]7 o
161. Nonviolent harassment
& b$ Z# _9 V3 l: \, [4 g8 x+ x* y. x6 { R, C7 A3 S# n
Physical Intervention
6 c6 q% ]9 a9 J 162. Sit-in: Z# o( z0 k8 l) O1 t# q; ~ r. h6 g
163. Stand-in2 a; b# N: a. N
164. Ride-in
1 N1 z: p1 E7 J7 B* \$ }2 F 165. Wade-in
( V" A( ~$ g" @ 166. Mill-in, x/ {1 I% _1 t+ T# u( D
167. Pray-in
( y/ F8 X" \8 ?+ X) K1 a 168. Nonviolent raids
7 w/ R1 U% N3 \) B! B& x 169. Nonviolent air raids
" R# N+ I- G/ q) {- W$ r1 P 170. Nonviolent invasion9 E. R% \( @! d* k
171. Nonviolent interjection) n7 }+ S& B. M! X# w1 f
172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 f! A6 j) C/ g @ 173. Nonviolent occupation
/ Z6 A5 W. @! ~% p4 f
! _! g; S! x+ q% `9 hSocial Intervention& q& Z/ r" f }- m* I Q
174. Establishing new social patterns, b2 f- N" J4 v% {, X
175. Overloading of facilities: j6 v# H8 |: T0 r, W4 H$ E: f
176. Stall-in
0 n& M% _6 T; l$ w2 e- d 177. Speak-in
* U0 _! a0 C2 Z/ w 178. Guerrilla theater; k$ R8 e% k: U9 V
179. Alternative social institutions( Y' [# q' C% f8 S
180. Alternative communication system
8 P) h- l, A: a4 `9 m2 Q M% X, o, n P/ n+ Q) {% K1 x3 i$ R
Economic Intervention) |' [& @' }; g
181. Reverse strike: P. F$ r5 ?, u, O
182. Stay-in strike$ K% P4 }; T" B U$ R8 T& m
183. Nonviolent land seizure
' c) i5 r; o ?' n 184. Defiance of blockades; Z- s0 X: d3 }* r8 X( d8 f ?
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 f0 P, E0 d1 [' [) r
186. Preclusive purchasing
. R( {" `3 a4 Z Q2 d2 E 187. Seizure of assets/ u5 Z+ }: d. W% L
188. Dumping
. C5 x* X8 j4 L, e 189. Selective patronage
# M7 e- c5 ]/ H" B+ r 190. Alternative markets
4 I1 ^: X+ c- y$ @) r 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 t7 L: o9 K; i( H 192. Alternative economic institutions
& `& O$ C8 }) V% B& K9 R" h' b, @; R! F8 c& R& t$ {3 C
Political Intervention% t! H# P! F3 b" g
193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ W; d- v+ v6 k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) m, R& ^. a4 S# v
195. Seeking imprisonment+ r% }& z/ K8 m Q. s
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 F8 J9 J$ T0 i6 r+ o. g 197. Work-on without collaboration
`3 Y% y0 o9 `" x4 } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 l: h. j5 Z. ~; Y" T5 I5 S* a% c
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
