 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; ^" r- G: G7 E( q* |' d( x
Formal Statements
1 G" ]# O6 q& v4 W4 G 1. Public Speeches
% C2 r# T4 U6 m' I 2. Letters of opposition or support# y) A2 V1 i7 j4 a/ g
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 _- B! ] f1 ]$ C
4. Signed public statements
3 }/ [" j5 e5 v5 e: q, V) V9 C 5. Declarations of indictment and intention' m4 ]8 [! Q& l0 j- W# M
6. Group or mass petitions
0 ?2 y Y. [# A2 k: C; Z. N N5 P0 C) o4 ]
Communications with a Wider Audience4 {# ?* v& I* F4 U
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols& P! R/ R! p$ F0 ^' T
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 R# x, N5 Z1 s: Z3 B- k& t
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ E9 V4 a- D+ ]0 m/ g' {. f
10. Newspapers and journals4 ]6 z' q, M0 I. ?* t6 x+ M
11. Records, radio, and television
" e% d9 }& a' c. M1 A! p 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% n6 g; \ z) U2 `1 ^" Z
, E9 \6 N! T! p7 L- z# UGroup Representations/ F3 k* h& K9 I; k. I" e( u
13. Deputations" R9 I% L% {* W+ n6 Y9 R$ D
14. Mock awards) @; O7 h* {( Z, N0 m! V) x4 I
15. Group lobbying, J* o, H3 l6 _1 j7 b1 Z4 k' `$ v
16. Picketing
6 k4 [# ~, X: e) t& W/ {9 i 17. Mock elections
# M( N: f0 ]1 k' z
5 ]2 k) M/ o% j+ ]& x! @9 USymbolic Public Acts
- f$ r' f; g2 [) t3 E$ u" p/ ] 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: l" g( o0 ?0 |$ T
19. Wearing of symbols/ z4 v9 U5 E' }3 Y0 S7 Q* l
20. Prayer and worship
+ P* ^2 r" H' ~' l9 {% C' \# Y, Z S 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. B& x4 @- [' a1 W 22. Protest disrobings
2 F- R, H/ ]! K 23. Destruction of own property
) g C" E. t3 A8 J 24. Symbolic lights0 T, o5 P$ d* ]( r
25. Displays of portraits$ l- |: h- ^% W# c8 Z, O
26. Paint as protest) y& l" j6 R3 r
27. New signs and names2 `- o( m* S% k& a$ K, N( N
28. Symbolic sounds
" k. F: k( q3 u: A4 u i2 J0 v. x 29. Symbolic reclamations
) p) {! }6 Q& |, O& d+ A 30. Rude gestures
9 J, O9 F4 g- ^0 k; S3 o
5 Q* r0 K; B4 \7 a$ w' M3 V3 jPressures on Individuals
2 h: H0 F- o) P. q 31. “Haunting” officials# y* c) X9 W$ y' x
32. Taunting officials
h$ w- X' H) s3 x3 f 33. Fraternization) g9 |/ @% \; r0 f
34. Vigils( ?! Q& j' r1 i) S7 p2 `- z
! r1 z {/ q& q6 [4 Y) s0 qDrama and Music
3 n, c& `1 I$ U( [3 e 35. Humorous skits and pranks, K) W3 |& k# `/ P, |- G
36. Performances of plays and music
8 ?& s% J& {% ~' z! _1 A: p 37. Singing
7 |$ \+ Y( x/ @( B
5 L# i8 N7 M' ] GProcessions. A. g" r+ f6 x; _, m% U
38. Marches" F. n' _1 W2 L1 U" ~
39. Parades
7 B- w" ]5 U% @! h 40. Religious processions
3 v7 F& m1 Z: q5 P4 ]/ K% f& v6 O 41. Pilgrimages
% }/ m- g& i! l2 C4 W5 c5 Y 42. Motorcades% R" l# s4 v6 h1 R) T
& c h" {* w- {: h4 U; }4 x
Honoring the Dead' h. h% d \+ P4 j" I3 d o
43. Political mourning
2 C4 t, m. R, ?5 d, P/ W 44. Mock funerals. @, K0 X* v0 I s$ ?1 }3 a
45. Demonstrative funerals
) c6 T' c& Y" i) I! r% ~! p 46. Homage at burial places
& h( U! ~3 K: }( B: Y9 W
4 B; B# B a d. E% o oPublic Assemblies
! j7 X9 M! z& N( N4 x( O1 O' ? 47. Assemblies of protest or support" F4 w6 c6 v3 R+ C3 \7 _7 S. Y' J
48. Protest meetings+ @9 O" y0 Y7 H3 g! }# Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' l4 P8 H$ @1 B- N- ` 50. Teach-ins
: r" r8 k+ \$ F) f% L5 \) }1 J! [
7 e2 I" c9 Z2 M+ O" vWithdrawal and Renunciation+ I! @4 ~% O4 _- W& p8 |
51. Walk-outs
, e2 a0 L4 q% a0 p 52. Silence
$ J' M) v' f H% c 53. Renouncing honors
( l) G4 P( Y8 s: T0 ^' o 54. Turning one’s back; {5 S* ]5 u+ ?' j- a* T
X9 |& ^ z# G! `
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2 |4 T# z( M& A; n' G/ }2 T) {5 i
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( p1 B5 S4 M7 p
' Q O; q- t+ S$ f+ L m# W R* y
6 c5 R- i- S! }2 ]1 d0 z
- q; v. d' o( a! `5 TOstracism of Persons5 [0 A8 g3 X# ?2 p
55. Social boycott# P9 a) l n, R, ]/ ]* o
56. Selective social boycott
# k l0 p& S# I 57. Lysistratic nonaction2 f5 z' h: X! i7 }
58. Excommunication6 e$ W9 u" r' j5 N2 ~. u* k
59. Interdict+ ?* W& Y2 K$ f9 L8 a
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 l0 I: _* K$ u" U9 r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' P. s8 `, d+ h4 R1 v4 f 61. Boycott of social affairs
1 v* j. P/ S D4 s6 C6 x 62. Student strike
+ n: D c9 E* C; ?" O 63. Social disobedience5 J/ \5 z1 y; k/ m
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; a; i4 o3 r0 T: C3 c$ |
3 a% ?( s5 s, [Withdrawal from the Social System5 r8 u- E$ o) h. {6 w) [
65. Stay-at-home8 @- P: a* o' H) T
66. Total personal noncooperation
* I- M/ T+ J9 @, i2 Y* [; [ 67. “Flight” of workers! T% ^1 k9 x* u* b% P$ C
68. Sanctuary6 \1 N- r: B; \9 b6 W( p
69. Collective disappearance8 A, z6 w7 H9 q& |; M2 x
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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; K h6 {4 u+ o l5 g0 ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS3 p0 j1 T/ H- h" z3 P
F; G9 ?4 l* D. [
# O4 B: ]" j; u4 e/ n+ yActions by Consumers0 X8 q3 O' F9 }! [4 `
71. Consumers’ boycott
$ L/ S7 ]% M; y) c' K 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# `' _9 B: Q( S1 ~" G8 G6 `2 l
73. Policy of austerity1 `5 G7 p% Q( [6 p$ W! L$ G. }
74. Rent withholding
$ q; {3 Y) k6 F a* [3 b" l 75. Refusal to rent
3 z" {7 A' f x% S; v- b& d' x 76. National consumers’ boycott: u- T7 k8 g$ [: L4 e& |! K. l
77. International consumers’ boycott& o E8 u% R/ y
1 h' d$ G* k0 T& N1 h* Q
Action by Workers and Producers7 Q7 c. @0 V/ K2 a/ r
78. Workmen’s boycott, W6 |3 o# @1 U- X
79. Producers’ boycott- b3 D8 v ]( Z4 }+ |
( O8 j7 e+ L6 F0 D I, I/ S4 GAction by Middlemen
& W7 q9 _; f* e! K5 n- z4 c" O# W 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& e8 I1 s9 t$ [' B# @7 j3 ^* {8 Y. h: D- M) w
Action by Owners and Management; F! E! w* T5 d5 g, ]" P7 S
81. Traders’ boycott' j+ T1 [- L7 \/ n* b
82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 R" u; s U0 o# [4 [ 83. Lockout) n$ c+ ~3 k/ @; R1 P! j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& O2 h6 s5 F ^+ ]0 x1 ? 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 U! z7 s/ G# w t3 U, V2 y. u* L; P) o
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
% \ D- F9 A8 j, J3 Z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits6 m J: H& b! X" M
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 J! n# J) r$ m! |4 A. P
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 y4 d$ r9 R0 u 89. Severance of funds and credit a I! K% O% U4 _
90. Revenue refusal
6 u8 r7 Y1 v3 Y I1 b 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ D9 T3 }! T! L r6 Y# a1 p) e( C! c! v3 \$ S' X" s+ N
Action by Governments3 |* W4 b2 K* y0 J' P8 N
92. Domestic embargo% B( `/ w/ E& u! |
93. Blacklisting of traders! A3 n( m! g/ R8 _7 \8 c! w* }# H( H
94. International sellers’ embargo! o0 V7 R3 d. e& S+ k! w/ u8 T
95. International buyers’ embargo
7 W; g7 ]. f4 [+ C1 h) @ 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* _, J/ c5 G V6 ?& p; V
3 V6 b+ W8 R" o9 m6 `
7 i6 m) X" g B4 ?! TSymbolic Strikes
2 U7 U: F9 T9 G7 U# G9 p+ m0 V 97. Protest strike
6 |( c2 p- M, K7 G6 r3 k 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ }8 Z; h" c8 T: |5 `
0 {: p m6 P( c* [# ^7 r9 M. ^) {Agricultural Strikes6 G q4 _. t% q
99. Peasant strike' u9 q2 f, u" V% R" J7 I. p
100. Farm Workers’ strike" }2 ]" R. K5 r: h+ ~
6 \1 M! {+ C, _: d& C. x
Strikes by Special Groups+ c, l% v' Z0 L" f# P8 L
101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 [# J1 T. ^9 H; m' S 102. Prisoners’ strike* O$ p5 d" F, j2 S5 A3 P
103. Craft strike
" c. ]8 F2 }6 I) y 104. Professional strike+ e5 l/ v$ n, G" Q: Z5 l
8 B* T6 v O+ ?0 _3 i( N* YOrdinary Industrial Strikes3 O4 \% F) _$ K+ @2 Z" m5 W
105. Establishment strike
" f: J P, `- ]; W" h 106. Industry strike
' d9 _( g8 F8 f# p1 O5 { 107. Sympathetic strike! g6 }& z! k( [) x' r
% Z. P1 ~4 s9 l4 Y; _! ~% J; L% k: S3 dRestricted Strikes& I. `8 i$ D/ j8 h
108. Detailed strike% q3 Y# {# I7 `. v8 C. a* `
109. Bumper strike- ~4 ^& h; g+ O {6 G& ?/ r$ y$ A4 ^
110. Slowdown strike
0 g2 C, h0 ]& T2 d! ?/ b! a 111. Working-to-rule strike/ H& X6 {" d7 b( N) e/ a
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 |+ [: L8 }0 J; ~- j S3 \ 113. Strike by resignation
, q+ r+ k1 ]3 _( d 114. Limited strike8 H* i. ~( Y9 ]: c1 i: k& Q5 ~0 p
115. Selective strike( j% Q' W. q: n5 K
m' y( r" F5 `7 q. JMulti-Industry Strikes$ u& e+ {7 j0 B* a& e# m+ B0 j+ C( g
% [1 I6 j7 c8 a: x, D
116. Generalized strike
' A% ]# Y+ F2 `$ ^2 @
9 N0 @ W( P3 Z) c( ]# K8 H 117. General strike4 Q* t! z+ V, v. f
9 Y- @" g0 P' e7 n) @6 Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 k- h. ]) d l' x) R
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown) T, W. y# e' z" ^3 W. V X
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
* a* G2 \& g" S, L, b4 y2 Y! H6 B! b
* B$ k3 @% H1 y$ Z4 ^Rejection of Authority
+ S) B+ U4 l. w& R$ y+ { 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. r" Q. y% S) ~; l 121. Refusal of public support
& s1 G* L e: Z. ` k 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: i+ E; t+ T9 L( c$ V1 R- K# F: W+ U0 O Q: \
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 f/ P9 _! ]4 l8 s; c0 a 123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 y0 ]) L/ b) u( Q4 m1 C! D5 q
124. Boycott of elections1 I" I% G6 ]2 d9 B
125. Boycott of government employment and positions& X9 w% c; I0 i4 W
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ D! p3 \% B/ o h; q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ J& ~( y% e3 b8 N- B7 \: f
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 X5 D! V# _) l" l
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 Y( l- k) K T- p i- x7 ~% s
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 \4 q, O# _( m$ P 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; _, k1 n* ^2 z6 ~$ E7 f 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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$ x- L: Y! [9 i! r O- A1 h/ U1 Z" j2 dCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 j7 u0 N; `% ?) W3 e
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ H4 p- u4 ~; s" R# ^, `; U+ u 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" s. D' b2 _+ y- o L2 E. T
135. Popular nonobedience
' K! k% ?1 C: {, n& y s 136. Disguised disobedience7 i9 T+ m3 B) m1 P' s. K6 U- s( G- m
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" p/ t2 Q. T D! ^5 C: z
138. Sitdown# I* J' \7 f1 h& e) v+ R% t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
]9 |* Q. Q8 [ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# g0 k" ]) e; K3 y# D2 s5 I
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" D+ v' V# P. a6 B; ?+ [$ w' ]
% X/ G# B5 u. ?5 t+ T0 S/ ]4 lAction by Government Personnel! z/ y! A( a6 U; h& Y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 O, I& R7 `1 K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. H5 w; Y" n5 @* L8 T3 M# M 144. Stalling and obstruction" D6 d' g) c4 ?6 Y# ~: R5 E8 D
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 F& Y, y5 L2 `: I. V g4 Y! `4 y0 t* p/ H6 u
146. Judicial noncooperation
& S, `$ V. y" ~, ~# M) E7 z- w- N 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# ]3 t9 R; Y4 \. k0 y3 D' ? 148. Mutiny, c- { ~3 o+ r3 _$ U; A" V
Domestic Governmental Action, S f+ O9 |0 q9 M$ b
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- o1 F6 j$ v) @$ `6 x2 q 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. ^6 T% d2 y" P6 _4 }% v
+ r% a; q7 O4 aInternational Governmental Action
9 `' ~0 c- k a/ i6 n. c 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 I/ e1 Q2 x" Q9 a" E# P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 D% b" Y0 h4 x3 S4 ~! K 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 T6 S8 Z, _4 N' x 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, v7 f# l! f$ c+ W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* g/ b$ ~* ]& P 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# e, d& U6 s. B% t. g
157. Expulsion from international organizations
1 }/ u& @' Y R" d' j0 ?0 `4 Q. ?2 u) U6 \
4 B. Z& ]% j) R) q7 C
4 `* H6 e; I' V' e G! vTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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' k$ v1 _, u* `Psychological Intervention1 B' _ U4 ~& a1 i
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 s. G e) U! D2 p# \; k 159. The fast
' I& j; J" u" A5 c a) Fast of moral pressure
$ ^' g' {7 T# c b) Hunger strike
( `" R+ W6 ?/ s. r3 w; t) V c) Satyagrahic fast
" J. O' c" o8 Q3 U6 w0 _ 160. Reverse trial1 o: d' E5 ]2 d7 o4 ]2 t9 H
161. Nonviolent harassment
7 Y" p# b* x; n7 b/ Q* y6 O8 D- y2 ]6 P7 w: j
Physical Intervention
' Q) P% f# _6 l* `# X* Z, O& Y 162. Sit-in
) _* u" U) M; `* j 163. Stand-in+ @ q; @" d# n9 \# h
164. Ride-in! D& ?! e$ z8 V1 z
165. Wade-in- d- o$ C+ |+ T) h7 Q6 I+ Q/ J: e& I
166. Mill-in; b" @4 E2 U! k: ?5 x
167. Pray-in' U, {" R! ]: Q
168. Nonviolent raids3 k6 N1 Z7 T t9 Z
169. Nonviolent air raids
! Z* q9 S# s- y% z, x& a9 U 170. Nonviolent invasion
0 c9 W' I: l* [2 C 171. Nonviolent interjection
* ?6 q9 s* o5 |8 _8 n8 H, K 172. Nonviolent obstruction; P" r- S9 G) s3 B! G# V6 i
173. Nonviolent occupation
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# N" n6 x$ p# HSocial Intervention: }# e+ q8 T1 Y+ {* s
174. Establishing new social patterns
8 z! H. ]( q5 @% H0 {& N _ 175. Overloading of facilities# O1 K- k/ B! p( ]* ?9 m/ p
176. Stall-in
+ K+ _& e" K) ? 177. Speak-in
5 M9 U3 t+ r2 J1 t# I. _. l; N 178. Guerrilla theater
' U2 i- _1 H4 l1 j% N$ B# q 179. Alternative social institutions
c" }) q1 V. ~8 l& q; Z" V 180. Alternative communication system# s/ L* c9 T+ Q! b* L4 I
0 N( `: O7 D0 O) c( OEconomic Intervention
. T; u2 M" n! R6 }' e' m 181. Reverse strike
/ Z& n, H% t# [! L4 R) Z 182. Stay-in strike; Z2 y9 f& }' p/ Z3 j" o
183. Nonviolent land seizure
# X& | @7 d# o 184. Defiance of blockades
+ K. C( z. ~" a5 \8 A1 S" W7 u 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& m0 q; }3 u O# R M: R+ I 186. Preclusive purchasing$ | v9 D9 c: ~( k9 u
187. Seizure of assets) d/ j% i u( x7 Q) A# k; n
188. Dumping
8 j3 K; A3 r: t& j- s& j) H 189. Selective patronage
( K' U2 \: E9 e: f* _ 190. Alternative markets
; W6 j* [5 z( W: m% p: a1 u) {. a" a7 \ 191. Alternative transportation systems
3 M1 g2 s) m3 ~) K. |: E% d 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 U) u! M/ S- c" u8 ~% S
: F2 Y9 E7 A% S/ [1 e% \Political Intervention9 h y' O) A* S6 Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 P+ F8 e, A. U8 T O+ k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 @; R7 d( t r
195. Seeking imprisonment
5 m- P7 C ~1 } 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- }9 D9 F' Y2 D# ^
197. Work-on without collaboration5 J/ X6 L$ ?) K1 ]3 S
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& Y. l! k2 {7 o, |2 O4 p$ ]
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
