 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# _3 G" @5 E) h2 Z2 zFormal Statements
# ^# L2 J @5 P0 m 1. Public Speeches
, M2 t$ g' R% J2 l- } 2. Letters of opposition or support
9 h" Z6 Z% Z' V& s 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# [/ J+ O% T! l* z
4. Signed public statements
8 z- o' h4 U$ ^# x# T 5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 L6 g; A; Z$ p
6. Group or mass petitions8 t% X$ u8 ?5 J$ U* Y
7 V2 p3 P8 T: j2 DCommunications with a Wider Audience
( W5 g8 E1 K, K8 K P' c2 x 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
. J$ M. n# P; d 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& d8 E; L: U1 @* C( h9 }1 T9 f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# K3 w) X2 y& \. b2 ]0 x7 W
10. Newspapers and journals5 h6 C' \0 X. M- |6 z/ ?& i
11. Records, radio, and television
0 S% |7 z# e Y5 P' k8 O5 D 12. Skywriting and earthwriting" _- |5 K5 D7 ?" @# F) x' n
. t3 m9 z" h& MGroup Representations3 B1 T% e. f4 h; r
13. Deputations5 W. E& P2 D0 z r) t( {" f9 |
14. Mock awards
' ]2 m! t* q: M( j! u 15. Group lobbying
1 y, A! w. @- t2 ^( V' ~ 16. Picketing
& C3 B& j! E9 ~; i, V2 M0 p 17. Mock elections, {& a6 x) S4 S
' U& l( @- V3 D$ j: `/ N
Symbolic Public Acts5 j; {8 j& T3 E- B$ r. W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& {% g3 I" n2 D& ?, v5 ^( m; z. S
19. Wearing of symbols
& k: I# N$ n$ t: g, b 20. Prayer and worship0 S- q; s$ k! }
21. Delivering symbolic objects( W7 U h$ z/ b/ s V* c" I
22. Protest disrobings; Q* r1 r7 n7 r( W" X7 v( _
23. Destruction of own property1 T0 p7 @+ z4 U. v/ o
24. Symbolic lights4 @5 C4 U: R6 K; J
25. Displays of portraits
! \2 y h$ T J6 G. _, e1 h7 a% ^ 26. Paint as protest
: _2 P" k2 ?) o 27. New signs and names
& ?8 ^; {' k7 P- k3 o% |( q& M! @$ \ 28. Symbolic sounds
" _9 T% Z/ [6 G 29. Symbolic reclamations
/ E6 o9 j& @/ ?& }2 ~ 30. Rude gestures
" K' T! s9 \2 b& S0 n z7 h+ X& [- I. ]' Y+ S
Pressures on Individuals6 F8 a) q# f6 Q- `0 O
31. “Haunting” officials
5 f' n5 q8 O$ _1 R0 D. x$ y 32. Taunting officials/ S4 ]7 N ]& ~, J. b* a1 X% E
33. Fraternization: u$ ^+ v; B' w
34. Vigils
d$ |# x1 h. g, K
" J1 C- }( A: @$ D+ y8 A- R# ODrama and Music
2 q0 C& |' c/ p 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ r7 |* |2 ~* I3 @ R' c& g. F 36. Performances of plays and music
9 N/ { n. w4 p: m 37. Singing
, u0 V/ v3 [0 X) _+ k' q
; P4 i5 J: f3 i5 g' qProcessions
: U! Y; B0 i" |. i( c( Q 38. Marches
3 A: p2 e, ?( Q% |" e% q% D9 f 39. Parades
' K; d% `9 h9 A2 N4 \9 a0 q 40. Religious processions
. z, i4 A( q4 N- D6 V 41. Pilgrimages
0 m' C( }$ x) Q/ \3 G: C 42. Motorcades
9 Z0 P8 C( Q, k; _8 u, `
" }' y v( B" ^3 [" x/ ^Honoring the Dead/ T" }; D3 f* ^5 v% U4 k
43. Political mourning: e+ ^$ b: Y! F# x# m2 P
44. Mock funerals
, q ]7 p8 l- ` 45. Demonstrative funerals
/ f1 G: Q. Z/ Z k' k$ J 46. Homage at burial places
: r% i5 w1 \# w# I6 j8 w
& e; Q$ |$ P6 y( IPublic Assemblies& I" Z5 h, d: n/ X" w, T
47. Assemblies of protest or support
O% E5 z' ?6 v9 p; `, t 48. Protest meetings
& }9 S) O" k% K# z2 Q+ S; I- s t 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# b8 \2 K- X. z0 K: d1 x
50. Teach-ins/ T; H6 v: z! O; H8 B
" c" h- K9 m8 W5 _Withdrawal and Renunciation; B) c' M0 T7 `. J: R% l" Q) f
51. Walk-outs
7 _" F( g5 d. \; L; \ L 52. Silence. J( I/ G1 T2 ~/ R) z0 d. C
53. Renouncing honors8 M }( |% p c8 m" Q/ `
54. Turning one’s back! O+ F6 G& D" w( {
8 u3 h6 C, X, A5 X
( P g# m- C0 g# D a4 m( }& p) y! \5 [) O3 A0 |
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" ^: h6 ?! G. h. h( J
6 i' r0 e$ ]4 ?% v: h
/ }5 a6 _+ W& [" f2 b& S4 |. _, G' _+ x7 }, j
Ostracism of Persons! D6 n& p4 o6 F8 a* C
55. Social boycott4 g* E+ p* \4 S4 L: `0 |
56. Selective social boycott
% V8 n2 C. ^1 G8 H8 s 57. Lysistratic nonaction4 T+ Z. Z, Z+ Q. v
58. Excommunication
7 s+ q' J+ B) D 59. Interdict
- ?& C5 i* L/ o1 f
" `; e6 V/ z3 @8 J8 ?6 ?1 p% ^Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) b- M/ m( T4 k9 i' s% V% R- }
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ T# @ N6 ^ p 61. Boycott of social affairs4 H6 P: z7 ~- c; n
62. Student strike
4 D r% h7 L% [- t 63. Social disobedience7 u; U. l& F6 b
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 a; k$ \* \% Z
" P( S; W5 I. h) N' f7 z
Withdrawal from the Social System
3 j( } y! b( z) ]! r3 e9 x 65. Stay-at-home, x+ s( A7 u( ?2 g a" z+ |
66. Total personal noncooperation
! Y1 `4 [4 r: ] P- T& \; S 67. “Flight” of workers
/ a1 e F F8 }3 q9 D1 B! T! ]/ } 68. Sanctuary) f# k! U' Y6 a" H6 A$ r
69. Collective disappearance
, C6 o8 f' ^4 X7 K5 I! L 70. Protest emigration (hijrat); j& x) j/ b# p8 A' w
! Z" q% w0 v5 y: V* s1 M
3 a, s. ^6 ~/ M6 X- ~# a. j1 R& a
! k- l! \. |+ W+ E0 V: }+ HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ d; B% z/ K2 b2 ^1 A4 f$ E9 F
" } h& G- [9 a1 _" X
4 c$ `- D. O L7 ^- J3 z" A8 h# NActions by Consumers
) _* y3 j9 \0 p7 ^$ P, Y( F5 C 71. Consumers’ boycott
# {+ i& G! g/ M6 l) x/ Z( Y# V& u 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ S0 \ ^# M; ~: Q% A
73. Policy of austerity
" D7 `! E% k2 ?- q0 Z+ y! u9 F 74. Rent withholding' C4 x4 T2 _ T9 Y# X, u. Q0 G3 i
75. Refusal to rent
9 B: s: m! C/ ^& | 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 p# w( n- x$ { t+ f8 z$ h. q 77. International consumers’ boycott
( F4 K7 u3 y" j2 {
7 Q8 ~2 V7 H b& `3 t! W1 dAction by Workers and Producers, N, U! j3 h ]- r8 q
78. Workmen’s boycott
1 p1 x1 E9 d3 h( l- K& Z 79. Producers’ boycott6 h% P, [2 m2 Y' P! |, U
: d0 Q- M3 D! ZAction by Middlemen
. P8 v& L2 [- M& d4 V6 W' F' o 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. {/ {& y8 r+ g5 J/ d: ?6 i# _4 X" t5 A) L3 x! n: V: l) ]
Action by Owners and Management
K' O5 t- j# N- T 81. Traders’ boycott
0 j# p. W3 L/ y) D, P# O7 j 82. Refusal to let or sell property1 V) L$ X/ p8 A% z4 P" M9 g9 I) M
83. Lockout' l, |7 c S; h6 ~& y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 O1 p- R1 _" O7 O8 W) Z
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ T5 |4 q8 e2 c0 M" a8 D4 s( S
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 ~5 v& F/ b4 R 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& V5 J: v/ N5 _ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% b( r+ _- h2 ]5 F9 m! a 89. Severance of funds and credit( C' {2 W+ c6 X2 {- @6 M
90. Revenue refusal
8 n' O; W; C N9 L; j 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 v6 h6 T" p! k" x
1 N( G; i' d' x; z1 i# \8 D1 z
Action by Governments
3 h' m. {' l: K+ k5 P ]7 z 92. Domestic embargo7 [; F& q0 r+ r% U6 p/ C6 i* f2 a
93. Blacklisting of traders
2 c' M: G( H% f4 |1 U 94. International sellers’ embargo. U$ F( m. Q- C5 V7 ~% u9 M
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 S" I: g/ T( F4 t+ H 96. International trade embargo- E) g* h5 F1 r0 C
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{9 F c# m2 I B' TTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) w$ B- V# X6 {' o* p
% b0 [$ A; y6 P$ T3 B+ S4 r, b4 d$ i 4 K, |, _8 u! [+ D
Symbolic Strikes! E9 O: A$ `% S% E& [ i* p
97. Protest strike
2 Y/ x+ f. ~5 W. ~ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 R3 ?7 X, j% B& Z7 m. l" ~: B( \) p1 d. M8 D3 ^5 {' z
Agricultural Strikes
# i1 q8 ?7 }0 X1 g7 g. r8 Y 99. Peasant strike
" T% e3 B N2 W% f# z 100. Farm Workers’ strike1 \/ R( P8 Z) N# \
# o1 v0 n6 W$ r/ L
Strikes by Special Groups
" u, W* M: P1 _5 l3 J. E" p d! i 101. Refusal of impressed labor4 O h! F; p+ Y# x2 |
102. Prisoners’ strike
* `3 S1 N j# b% O* V% g 103. Craft strike
: F( c- d5 Q4 {$ q# ?9 X 104. Professional strike- q! b6 ]! o( ~/ x: x
9 q: R* t( N- X) i0 cOrdinary Industrial Strikes) X- z- c! I% ]6 h
105. Establishment strike, G1 m+ r* }" t7 j) V; Q1 J9 n
106. Industry strike
0 l6 d/ [7 b8 m& e' Q 107. Sympathetic strike
, Z' V- N- F* t8 _: Z' ]& I% G* ~# m3 f" ~) H1 [) P4 x# G
Restricted Strikes
/ P* u& s* J( l5 I n 108. Detailed strike F7 F' U2 ]3 Z2 K6 q/ O7 D
109. Bumper strike8 ^# h/ x' N" Z6 S9 K; n2 J9 T9 k
110. Slowdown strike
2 i8 g1 H& |' n. }% V$ ]4 F; B 111. Working-to-rule strike
, F$ y3 ~# x6 \; x$ S) g0 T 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& L5 t. L( z' b9 W 113. Strike by resignation
2 m$ @+ a( h7 e/ e8 ^! }( u$ ]; L 114. Limited strike" S- K& E3 w9 R' w! T( @% J
115. Selective strike$ V. ^3 x$ ]$ I; X
/ { `# | x6 MMulti-Industry Strikes
2 U. i2 h$ r1 f! X9 i3 C! L1 { G4 u. A
116. Generalized strike
}8 V# s& F' z( l( R6 q0 G+ C
/ [3 J% E* @* m% c1 c6 F0 H 117. General strike) R# s! E- z% t7 h, X! T
0 R1 Z, Y7 n0 O) T( h
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures' J7 @& X) F' L$ J2 U( m
6 t& P6 L8 k+ Z
118. Hartal' u6 u! i2 w4 G+ Y
, I* u G& V, d( ?4 G% [4 L
119. Economic shutdown5 X% K( f: V& e( N* ?
+ ?$ R3 p2 y: W+ s6 I ) d& F! b" D5 G3 }; e# X) m5 b
2 f1 j$ w/ x' k sTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority0 N0 D7 c2 n8 P6 K" u& ?
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 F% a' f3 w( c 121. Refusal of public support
! Q! X, C J% B/ M8 m7 l; e# L$ H 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 T! X. E/ `: v4 D5 D6 p: q4 B( `; h5 N5 B0 e- L
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! R% y+ o1 {/ u
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 Y6 k$ Q0 ]( n9 D3 Z4 w 124. Boycott of elections6 m5 ]% D o$ E+ H3 l
125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ a& ?* ` K, n! D5 ^
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 z4 S; P6 n- `4 [* w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! \7 l* j0 H8 Y* b2 L @6 Z: \
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% I2 _# t; q) V% c! m" R 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 q1 R! z ~& a! \! G \6 U 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 U, }1 U8 H4 t 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 {) h$ ]. t! _: ~" B3 j% Y+ E 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) A1 J# r# B# @; E; `2 w4 w0 M6 C2 n$ F. }+ N
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ ~+ t' i; A; k) N, {8 ?6 T. y+ e
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 U. H. [8 z |; C/ n
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' K# L8 d* a4 d5 u
135. Popular nonobedience
z" D3 o! A. F! L 136. Disguised disobedience
5 G; z2 Q8 e! O' b6 A% u 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' h" s& [1 t9 N0 { b 138. Sitdown- B n0 r1 E8 |) U' L1 Y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ r7 [/ L: G7 ]/ G1 [
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 X+ b M3 f- k2 J$ H, \: | d& c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' C& b0 c. J) L0 t7 F& {( Q) _
. p, X% r* C9 u2 T5 EAction by Government Personnel
3 D$ o+ ~$ e: o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% p% u: U$ t% X$ \1 S9 U* S7 \) ^ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% Q: S. w; `& z9 {% z 144. Stalling and obstruction
. q) x) T, `4 L3 A 145. General administrative noncooperation5 U9 B" t/ V: B: ^# s1 _; |
+ X g2 p. f- J
146. Judicial noncooperation
. o* W% f0 H8 i) ^' r1 s 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! Y* J7 Q8 P1 N4 a5 X( J
148. Mutiny& s8 {7 q, m! `
Domestic Governmental Action
5 m$ o) ?6 E6 D" a. D 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 s- H; H" o: g$ H: c Y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
) {6 o- A8 o+ X- K8 U, `$ T
! Z! ]( Q2 ~+ v2 i7 ]6 b" |/ [. J% B3 kInternational Governmental Action
* c8 K9 Z2 ^+ a" S5 J O$ Z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ k) j- o( p* C/ x0 s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 F8 Q$ Y/ O2 s( J$ L- X 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
4 J7 w2 G4 {% D 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# E& D: m) M# Y0 b
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% W% V7 v+ [4 u! R O
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 Z9 s$ |: ^% z: G 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 d; F' ^3 e/ a+ x' l% P. v0 d
% w3 t6 p$ L! b9 z9 U, E
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' l: v H! |9 \! G: J7 w6 dTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 o6 k; Y. X$ K4 z4 Q) BPsychological Intervention c7 t' Q1 e O7 n. j2 l5 w
158. Self-exposure to the elements; r; }+ v% `- {/ G
159. The fast
1 H. U2 X: f4 ]" O# C. x& R a) Fast of moral pressure
: A1 x9 A; G; B8 {3 v* E b) Hunger strike" i. X: P( }" e$ U
c) Satyagrahic fast# i2 ^" n$ Q! e" p# h$ m1 w9 }4 \ I
160. Reverse trial
0 z; k0 X# s8 P4 y" H$ k# X8 o 161. Nonviolent harassment
! r2 w- Y( z+ D2 x1 O5 n2 G9 t7 b
Physical Intervention) G" c" s$ U* {8 ~' \: R5 S$ \8 m+ O$ p
162. Sit-in
& k% X' P% E3 F- L: l; n 163. Stand-in
( k4 x8 y( l: D* Q# `0 T 164. Ride-in
5 c/ H2 W) K6 s9 c. \2 U0 p% j 165. Wade-in }% P; `( K7 T' E8 e
166. Mill-in3 T2 s# T! a/ T8 s; ?
167. Pray-in7 U; W' h) V& X
168. Nonviolent raids, @" C. x" X& r5 e
169. Nonviolent air raids4 ^ N( p+ T8 g' O% n. M
170. Nonviolent invasion
: L- Y- _8 v1 b' ]! K 171. Nonviolent interjection
, z/ I6 H% R4 f" x& Y q" J" S 172. Nonviolent obstruction. ^1 d5 E% e& i {
173. Nonviolent occupation
2 F& g( y! B/ I; X8 ?3 j( w5 t3 l7 l8 L3 w- p/ U- F6 z. r2 B
Social Intervention
5 F- O! K( g5 l6 R 174. Establishing new social patterns
E& @( }2 I8 o0 z. S6 D& R4 a 175. Overloading of facilities# F6 z: j( B+ P& h6 I
176. Stall-in
% I( U3 G6 O) L, O5 r) q1 S8 _4 m 177. Speak-in% T0 z* O$ z# f+ ]/ o7 k' X
178. Guerrilla theater- b1 }3 K- ]' c7 J t
179. Alternative social institutions
. g, q- |8 c: v2 l$ {* e 180. Alternative communication system ?/ M& _( ^8 N) C: `+ E1 G" o
# Q" q; D6 ~/ n2 Q! J/ g! `6 dEconomic Intervention( c; P$ C. G7 r% U4 f" I
181. Reverse strike9 Y5 v9 Z9 K" {
182. Stay-in strike2 P6 }1 `3 G+ K+ A4 v
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ @1 Z2 g, R8 H- g& L4 S
184. Defiance of blockades
5 y! z k" {1 b6 |( S/ x$ k 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting( X- U; o5 D: i; s/ U' }
186. Preclusive purchasing
5 {4 Z( W; q8 B5 ^& s; e! {/ { 187. Seizure of assets
: {! x/ a; O$ G# f 188. Dumping6 r4 X9 z; i4 {; R
189. Selective patronage
8 K5 T1 l5 K; \7 l$ A 190. Alternative markets
3 E5 C9 [+ ~5 c! J0 n: A! R/ _$ q 191. Alternative transportation systems% j3 g4 X' L- O2 V' E
192. Alternative economic institutions
) C t) j! y. B) r: R
3 X8 h) P: t) G& V8 c2 bPolitical Intervention
/ ]' K; ^/ J0 _- C# X1 P \. W8 U 193. Overloading of administrative systems+ o. `/ N- V9 z, f; Y. a5 o
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 g, f( L5 Q. M' h1 v* x 195. Seeking imprisonment
4 N( N' [$ W" i0 m/ B1 \! Z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ n6 D, `% K' X
197. Work-on without collaboration
* e7 _9 C' f- o0 ?. e 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
1 b2 h" W7 x, }+ A& v; C
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
