 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ t: E _. y$ E6 D0 F n" HFormal Statements0 Q2 D+ f6 N8 L4 ~
1. Public Speeches$ C0 X7 Z2 @& _/ B
2. Letters of opposition or support, D" w2 \9 w& R3 q1 j* Q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) {. _5 F; l* r9 f
4. Signed public statements" C% L6 B% I; @
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 t5 C K$ M+ u 6. Group or mass petitions
! [; c, ^' I% }* u, @( z0 Z% ?4 U1 t( O* p0 k, v! @" N5 B0 J" v
Communications with a Wider Audience# {. w$ H# g2 `" Y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) Y. Y/ ~7 V9 Q0 Z' J# ^! Z3 \ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications X O0 N* S% w9 P
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 V. o" ?1 n7 Z. ]
10. Newspapers and journals! u& E3 N) x3 a8 ]: G& W- ~
11. Records, radio, and television
1 Y; z6 d, f3 E 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! d; S* Z% L) G* P+ A# {* g" Z& {- ]: Y2 i
Group Representations' k! L7 D$ e! d- ~+ R
13. Deputations2 W3 [. N( }7 u$ ^0 H3 q% g
14. Mock awards6 ]- E8 u& K3 Y( Q% Z
15. Group lobbying
; m0 U+ i- ?/ y8 _* B5 V" G 16. Picketing
8 u& k8 O- _+ w S 17. Mock elections5 h x1 L, s0 G' g
$ Q z* F% Q; w! sSymbolic Public Acts
% ^6 ^8 r6 r7 m& y$ k5 S& h A 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 i' |! K m+ j) Y) M& {3 {
19. Wearing of symbols
; z. {5 |5 n. b0 W, z' k1 m+ ] 20. Prayer and worship+ i7 o% P; t% n! B
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 c. Y' c, \- M# f 22. Protest disrobings
; V) x* B( `5 | 23. Destruction of own property
6 ^; k( m- A+ m 24. Symbolic lights( x$ p1 i0 S* S+ I4 S
25. Displays of portraits8 `2 J( J. K y0 N i: l. c
26. Paint as protest; A3 O/ S$ K0 Y
27. New signs and names0 ?( s, H5 `* _, s$ y
28. Symbolic sounds/ d+ y) P2 V! u+ Z( F u
29. Symbolic reclamations! | L* W! z/ {& _" \/ r* e
30. Rude gestures
( U3 `3 A3 j+ J3 Y0 ]
. O5 _" M) b# A- H3 g) [Pressures on Individuals
5 ^7 d, E5 S# @! c0 I 31. “Haunting” officials2 s' I$ ]7 q$ V6 ^1 I
32. Taunting officials$ V6 e" y8 K, H' C
33. Fraternization# c. x- w# }! y3 }, g, u6 C
34. Vigils
* \) R1 J* o( s% W; L+ B% C; S. M0 l: K: ^' X
Drama and Music
& e; P7 h3 z7 r* J/ ~' J# w9 {0 f 35. Humorous skits and pranks' M- `, H9 A, I, q3 d7 V
36. Performances of plays and music$ q- P; m0 h; |+ g; c$ T/ M, \
37. Singing* R5 o% F: O1 `3 d F
* ]5 S: L2 O2 Y2 ]
Processions
+ C$ K/ D, B; M p5 n1 M 38. Marches
" B( s T( }7 Q1 S1 @/ x 39. Parades0 v% L( ?' u% G" U( H6 Z
40. Religious processions7 J+ j! k+ `) Z
41. Pilgrimages* S8 I+ o" d& E; a. X3 r, ?
42. Motorcades+ Y; f$ }+ @( u4 j
9 s/ P. r( Y. ], `2 U4 Q3 NHonoring the Dead
2 j9 B* ? M% I: z1 G6 [ 43. Political mourning7 W J: C! }0 [- N; T
44. Mock funerals
. L( L# g1 h0 O# U$ R* X% P( Z 45. Demonstrative funerals& h/ k# Y$ E0 j- E7 u( {
46. Homage at burial places
! ~* ^% p3 j" J* O! H2 F$ _$ _6 y! P( D8 d) |' s/ C
Public Assemblies& F" h: k8 ~3 x+ q m Y
47. Assemblies of protest or support' g. o- W' w% X
48. Protest meetings
4 ?4 P0 z* \+ O9 ~; [2 ], } 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest: u h! i6 L+ j! `
50. Teach-ins
! v& q c! [9 ~
* {+ e- i$ C8 C9 _Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 r9 c8 u; `( n9 ~0 O0 ^' D8 ? 51. Walk-outs# q2 K! }, I* j5 Y
52. Silence. X3 p3 |! ]) Z2 y
53. Renouncing honors
$ A: o) T. \: [: h. A* f4 w 54. Turning one’s back
% `& K6 ?9 a4 y# S8 j. a T/ m* A
) x% V/ G$ |( D' R + u3 \! Q# V+ L! a3 U, A
9 C2 c* Q3 R# A) I h) ?THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
! Z, I7 F- G! ]* ?0 z9 S* s1 ~: q! a4 ]8 S. L. P4 u! s0 c
9 Q3 `; y/ h7 A9 ?3 G& L& b$ v8 y
! Y9 |) g$ d( A/ B* s2 @4 p
Ostracism of Persons4 S( H. k J) A# _
55. Social boycott0 \9 |+ j7 Q( j. J# }6 k$ ~# j
56. Selective social boycott
6 @5 T! y2 _1 j& b5 E9 O 57. Lysistratic nonaction
# ~8 G+ s) T ?: A" P+ j5 e% F 58. Excommunication
& T, E/ f; H) S' e; g0 y 59. Interdict; R3 d a- d4 P ^2 d5 k6 I
7 p8 D3 c# k) a8 d
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" w3 {/ n. ~! R$ \; Q- R 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ m W9 t& J" v0 ]! Z: T 61. Boycott of social affairs
9 J/ {4 [# e2 S/ V; A. i 62. Student strike
# x1 `$ I6 w4 I5 b. j6 s/ c' L 63. Social disobedience1 `" c& ]" e2 q, Q+ l% Q# u
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% o' U* }" `6 B" g z* @7 \9 `) I- \
Withdrawal from the Social System
( c& F& Z+ t# P% I/ K 65. Stay-at-home
' n/ z' A+ s( R 66. Total personal noncooperation
! F) ?+ z) E m 67. “Flight” of workers
0 p+ u8 `# V7 Q* I! _8 \+ I" z) F 68. Sanctuary
/ V& k/ F/ O8 [( C% |% w, r6 D 69. Collective disappearance! Z& V9 P' e3 T
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 S5 h$ b1 f: [* j& p" e' }8 {, q
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6 a! P7 \' `6 w8 a e7 Z* v
' l& U* n; {( [5 C8 A9 A9 |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS3 q g! C/ \9 |/ K2 W
1 a, m0 S8 V0 ^7 b' v B/ y
3 e+ U J- b7 d% S7 v# K
Actions by Consumers( Y* N- k3 k/ Q+ U
71. Consumers’ boycott. g, [0 A8 e) R# i/ ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 @* M: C5 c: k 73. Policy of austerity
9 X" ~. o0 |* c; P& h2 u2 B. d 74. Rent withholding
* x7 c5 \4 E3 f- B5 @3 w2 B7 {! F b9 { 75. Refusal to rent
0 z& ^3 c- R5 \; P% y5 E 76. National consumers’ boycott) }" F& _4 ]8 w( E% x
77. International consumers’ boycott
D9 u k4 x% z8 T$ K. V6 @3 Z6 R4 { n% |% p Y8 S
Action by Workers and Producers
$ A$ I* b: Y: [, c* b: b; N) s1 c 78. Workmen’s boycott
# Z) g5 m) W' k/ ]" X/ n. r [5 Y 79. Producers’ boycott
( b* ^* }9 y" }+ s0 T4 q9 a+ g2 X" D ^6 u9 A
Action by Middlemen
3 n% u2 o+ [: i+ v/ J5 r; i 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 x7 [- ^9 a3 z
' i/ P. B2 ]# B/ D8 gAction by Owners and Management
8 R0 G3 ~' I3 [( ]9 H: M F 81. Traders’ boycott
/ O4 X2 l' v4 N" f% K 82. Refusal to let or sell property% h- e; q, q- Z6 P0 {, Q9 N
83. Lockout: ^5 P) E% S5 O& ~' J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# W- p# O7 F# ?* ? U
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& N5 h8 D* Z- X$ H! x( G1 Q
& }1 ?5 k0 q }% H7 W/ _# }Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 V8 ?% g2 l+ v) t# b% ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 u2 N! a- s" T 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) k" ^* B& J B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" ^( f8 V- G, E9 {+ B1 u
89. Severance of funds and credit: l) o1 X) G/ u! J# V2 m( }
90. Revenue refusal
: X b" }& n3 {1 r# T5 ]- K2 z 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 i" s" f7 N2 l0 ~& n
3 j1 V* g4 c1 @; a
Action by Governments
z' `( j9 t; {, o9 I 92. Domestic embargo# Q& r9 G7 K0 J' ?5 l
93. Blacklisting of traders8 i' ?& x! q( m
94. International sellers’ embargo
1 T& {" \# F% T& b/ N: ] 95. International buyers’ embargo0 {9 o+ S8 ]" e2 P
96. International trade embargo
0 C. L1 o3 F4 S& W5 z7 I8 b' d' K d- \* y& q" r( f) r: H5 k5 {
Y8 c+ H* B7 j
9 ~* v0 i: `# v @+ N4 ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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2 `. _( q4 b: z1 b$ K3 ] # E- J6 F# y+ I% s$ O: _, J) r1 \
Symbolic Strikes" b+ _) S% u& N
97. Protest strike1 b) X, o7 C9 x- O" Z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* P1 q; H6 Z3 N, [) n
1 M4 ?# e M) Z4 \! e
Agricultural Strikes
8 J H( U$ R) q 99. Peasant strike( q) v! n2 }6 D+ h
100. Farm Workers’ strike
( f/ d: t: C' @1 {* b8 n) F$ l) m* f: j6 D/ \+ ?
Strikes by Special Groups/ H/ P! e3 H2 P9 |/ R
101. Refusal of impressed labor
( G0 ?# Z! i# L: H f5 X* y; E 102. Prisoners’ strike" @, V5 d: Z$ A
103. Craft strike
" @0 c4 @: J0 P' e: l: O/ I, I4 j 104. Professional strike O B: x( Q. ~6 u6 I- Z2 q
. s" J2 G0 r7 c: y$ g F* e: YOrdinary Industrial Strikes. G+ \& M, G. g* Q! N, S' e% |' d
105. Establishment strike
6 a5 X+ T( g+ ?) [+ c8 |* h2 O 106. Industry strike& w/ s+ c4 _1 O! _- H$ \
107. Sympathetic strike
3 L* o- `2 `* h( L9 m
u- [4 f8 y& jRestricted Strikes
. y2 l: E) _! e9 d1 A 108. Detailed strike- K# r! ] h. J/ e. k' ~
109. Bumper strike
. V* d# j' Q; Q0 }7 n! f 110. Slowdown strike
R' x+ m0 B8 m/ V 111. Working-to-rule strike
' C2 ~, N4 ~4 I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ T$ {; |3 F7 G( @3 w
113. Strike by resignation* s( E5 Y' w# q$ ^4 e1 R
114. Limited strike
+ H) r) O4 x7 h 115. Selective strike
2 i! Z) ~7 v0 N5 |& v% P- J. C( _' W
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 x( G/ f; `% z6 V+ M" s5 x0 [9 l3 K8 l1 k! `% v) h& S9 N
116. Generalized strike
! k0 C0 s' ~, Z* ]% T0 |+ I a3 y( W! k6 d4 o) `# k
117. General strike
5 w! c9 |! I0 P9 A& A$ A6 e
# R3 P/ }" ]9 c+ M9 g; ^Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
k7 K; J' F+ C) F$ R- H
( ?6 C: U* y$ x S! A* g, ? 118. Hartal
9 R7 d5 Q2 j7 Y" ^5 A" t0 M/ r a2 N! x9 h" J1 _
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 O, i0 W" l' Z4 c0 O
2 K( g: g$ V9 g0 B5 V; h$ j1 @
8 N+ b) r4 `5 F1 V* mRejection of Authority
. \$ J2 X, S( p1 T 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance! R. D/ w# i* r4 ~3 x3 m) z* l
121. Refusal of public support; Y! L/ ]( K2 g5 X4 K- T3 Y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* D. R! k2 B5 p; U8 s% u( Y# F
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; Q- o% P( Y7 w8 a 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) p; C# F) `8 w; ` 124. Boycott of elections3 k$ F e' j- t5 N7 c: S
125. Boycott of government employment and positions, K4 `# n/ b2 @8 N6 F. H- F. M" `! t
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* F! e" s5 m: P# M 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 l6 Z" m- p3 u6 B4 f7 U7 T 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 ~3 B( O4 C4 r+ N4 G `! y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 D! y- @# X+ J
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- i% a- {; T; L) y1 p! N( p$ V
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% ?4 i8 l% e" M$ A6 P 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. Q( m* k& z, L' ~2 }
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience- l5 n0 o9 Z$ s6 s7 }) C
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 @0 S- ?/ L. y4 E% v8 e& F; S0 I 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 B& b9 [" w6 W# Z, e
135. Popular nonobedience C/ [" |' O4 N @
136. Disguised disobedience) l' X, a z6 I+ t
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 C, V# h& o" M! `" a, [ 138. Sitdown
! E. g, K- u- c* Y& v 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# U+ {8 E, a5 B( f5 j
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 @6 T9 X K5 w
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 o3 \ C/ H2 c* }- W
$ K, F! \! Q" C1 C: t3 b
Action by Government Personnel
. y# b& Y G$ V5 F8 l 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 ?& z5 \/ ]0 w, W 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 T( {* J- h. V; [0 I; p9 E 144. Stalling and obstruction
) @3 [2 v0 \4 t+ z+ b 145. General administrative noncooperation
( a6 j' A+ G2 b s; a4 C- O$ {8 n' W( L. F z) c
146. Judicial noncooperation3 |, e k1 W: D) `: g- R0 G
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ `/ L' G5 C8 ?; b
148. Mutiny
2 ]* i* q5 F, S2 e. s4 }Domestic Governmental Action
6 g+ h, c3 f! L8 v7 ]6 ] 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ J8 b/ f5 f7 c! ]0 ~% w
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ D2 g- p$ d4 V) x
" i: p* r3 C6 ?! c1 R3 A
International Governmental Action3 C& @5 r0 a! q. I7 d% b
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* Q: Q! U: m! W7 D. P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 s" \0 W. L/ J M$ P( Q3 T
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 N- i6 z, N' n8 |0 V0 r
154. Severance of diplomatic relations% _* M" ]. }1 _& t0 g% Y: V2 ~
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* C3 g' ^5 K1 Z. G4 j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. W/ S+ I# C: M2 h. {6 Y3 B1 I 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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2 B7 w K: s5 H: P" aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# R# }% A4 [- G G% g
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$ R. N2 ^; F h9 _) X# [Psychological Intervention
, L6 A: B" d4 c5 d$ G 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( b5 T# X% I& h0 @: n3 g/ I/ W. V! q 159. The fast
" `) c) Y8 E% a7 E a) Fast of moral pressure' [6 P7 X m. i% k( s
b) Hunger strike0 a7 e5 ~5 g# u% U4 \6 x
c) Satyagrahic fast' e, W3 F! o- o) u' W+ P
160. Reverse trial% V. p) J; X m, D8 j2 k1 w
161. Nonviolent harassment
) q) i9 j, `3 R" Z& J9 L: C" Q( x8 m/ A- k7 W* i
Physical Intervention
) d' A' g* O8 J* [ 162. Sit-in
2 l1 A+ e" Z9 u 163. Stand-in5 F; Y1 r$ \ d3 S) H9 x
164. Ride-in! Y# k: [ ^1 ~
165. Wade-in
& N0 a" ^: f* B) V! Z 166. Mill-in7 n8 u( d. X# D
167. Pray-in6 l8 H! e* P3 B, C, x8 x# t
168. Nonviolent raids8 @: L7 d0 E0 i2 V E, P+ |
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 `! Y5 X, j6 M/ F$ Z5 L8 l+ K 170. Nonviolent invasion
. C8 Z7 N, ^- }" w/ g( P5 d 171. Nonviolent interjection; Q! f( k3 f. R- J7 k+ _) ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 y7 ?. t+ P7 h 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention: ~7 ]! d" w- n* h+ d) x
174. Establishing new social patterns' J: Q4 W3 r! N
175. Overloading of facilities' t) l( G7 D& F- e# X/ [
176. Stall-in
- p. o. j2 Q6 m0 J; c* f3 M 177. Speak-in: T( a6 `2 H. S, M$ ~, H$ y3 q$ j
178. Guerrilla theater
! b, D6 s+ `9 E g5 @0 ` 179. Alternative social institutions9 c& p# g! p# Y) C* L" M
180. Alternative communication system
+ v& d Q0 ?6 n( R; r$ n9 \ C( H9 Z: D( `" E$ J
Economic Intervention0 b0 G1 n6 e" H& h* J' F
181. Reverse strike
5 J" W# [; q+ g9 f+ R 182. Stay-in strike m8 }1 i1 q* s! Z1 @6 P# u& P
183. Nonviolent land seizure, I/ b8 I# P* c/ J' [3 h" H
184. Defiance of blockades
" I' d! a Z. I; k o 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* s/ |7 O% f% ?5 t
186. Preclusive purchasing
+ @6 W1 R7 K3 F/ @ 187. Seizure of assets
; M7 @3 \( P, f: H 188. Dumping
$ B& k5 x, l n* ]6 B 189. Selective patronage" v1 E9 }: c, [. P5 M, j
190. Alternative markets8 a. x! w; [2 j
191. Alternative transportation systems
9 I d8 Z2 B. I6 W 192. Alternative economic institutions
% e) {+ f' E$ ?+ W" `; T* F7 a" N b" [2 s
Political Intervention
2 I2 M. g3 h1 ~1 s. \0 n 193. Overloading of administrative systems
. S/ W1 K5 l5 P! u/ X! j) K 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 r) V1 S9 Y+ d0 q. ]* J
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 I; v; t. [6 C- ]2 d P% B 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* i1 L3 e* |& x
197. Work-on without collaboration
/ h5 Y8 y3 Y( [- v9 X. a9 | 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
