 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& ]: \5 q( D% L
Formal Statements
6 ^! D" W7 I+ M. v! R# S4 s 1. Public Speeches
$ B) g K, `- K+ Q! M4 r 2. Letters of opposition or support, @/ j) F2 L( g( x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# e+ C6 u5 i) B5 g' I' J( k
4. Signed public statements# J: d: G; x1 n$ m' J
5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 x5 ~6 c: f7 e# ]7 m4 Q
6. Group or mass petitions
; K3 P6 }: Q2 }! B/ O2 A
% b' u( T; T. M5 RCommunications with a Wider Audience' l% a0 B" B! O% E% K7 C+ O$ u& R8 R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 k* S. m( \4 a0 ` 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; q/ ?7 `4 h" a7 y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 t( c; K" V! D2 d1 y
10. Newspapers and journals/ y; `" W- b" h, z; g
11. Records, radio, and television
$ }: ]6 n9 A9 z# x5 d8 P& H" `' V' @5 ` 12. Skywriting and earthwriting' X% m* Z% B: F/ c- N1 F, F% \4 l
/ w2 a) L1 l3 j3 s
Group Representations& R! f8 T6 ^9 L6 x' @
13. Deputations
; Z5 M$ d6 ^) E+ j" _3 w- { 14. Mock awards
( `, z% u( c9 t$ g 15. Group lobbying) k# y. J& m9 R4 S1 [% f0 f
16. Picketing1 }2 W/ |2 {5 i
17. Mock elections
4 W) k; I0 k/ I1 g
8 L$ B' c0 j4 o7 W4 bSymbolic Public Acts
4 z, W B) h5 _0 W! \ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 y2 {9 z, H* v
19. Wearing of symbols8 B! e; s# ^ y% G2 p5 I. X
20. Prayer and worship
0 ~$ S- Z) X; K8 z7 Q 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: d' m1 Y, E5 O; ?1 m, Q* P 22. Protest disrobings
5 u) Q+ y7 v$ R 23. Destruction of own property* [1 J7 A7 ~1 B! A$ X8 f
24. Symbolic lights) a8 E/ g1 d J. a/ @; d t d
25. Displays of portraits
% o2 _* V$ W+ C8 ?# Q3 M 26. Paint as protest
, N# |! p8 q4 `4 K! A' T, }$ b6 M 27. New signs and names4 D5 i- H: u% f
28. Symbolic sounds
6 L5 y- b, k4 z* ]5 m% i 29. Symbolic reclamations
3 H% D3 _: `6 T, S 30. Rude gestures4 i3 Y* _8 l0 |; Z. T& U7 W
, D+ f. G0 P- S2 ^0 e& a; R# Q6 H/ \
Pressures on Individuals8 l! E% t% c, ? j9 G1 D
31. “Haunting” officials
7 l; R* s$ L' A- H7 O 32. Taunting officials
! D, C1 F, y J L/ O 33. Fraternization/ n, Q3 p9 {, b: w& J, W! L+ E
34. Vigils; k8 u& z; R$ p$ g% D7 H( u
3 H' B8 N P3 b0 c( W
Drama and Music
" q# H' b1 D) T4 ]# W 35. Humorous skits and pranks @4 A! R; X. `$ e5 Q$ M6 ]) b
36. Performances of plays and music
" g4 `0 V! E/ P 37. Singing; s L( d6 q- p) d8 {5 R# E" V+ K7 H
7 R* L \3 E5 O
Processions+ A& I7 C$ F8 N% w8 y8 K& u* q
38. Marches( o/ w l J* Z, r9 r- g
39. Parades" s; |4 `6 ?' j) N3 S( k
40. Religious processions
7 z; e* O) h) w1 ?5 p& B& b6 A, \/ h 41. Pilgrimages
( n I \4 ~& e1 s" T9 l& h 42. Motorcades
1 @' T" x; q" B" x: [$ d' y! F( {
Z8 L1 i5 ^$ n: H$ q) oHonoring the Dead
; F4 @, n0 S% ?2 m# e. E. d' [2 \ 43. Political mourning
* C7 s1 l# A, n9 J6 i. o 44. Mock funerals8 H- l3 @/ C+ E3 s5 o \8 \
45. Demonstrative funerals: K4 v" S% r( o8 a
46. Homage at burial places8 W5 e) a% L1 @5 i( E( y7 f% `
3 J7 v4 T" q9 ]
Public Assemblies3 z% n% I+ f% t1 x9 K# ^* n' w2 l
47. Assemblies of protest or support/ ~; Q7 Y* k0 e2 z4 c' S+ A
48. Protest meetings
: ] G6 Q0 {, Y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: l6 W3 W9 F. `* i# ?. j7 H 50. Teach-ins3 }* L2 `0 |' P7 r3 ]
! `% r6 S3 K$ ?+ M y( `Withdrawal and Renunciation& k9 T) Z: k. y' |' r3 C/ q7 @0 h1 }
51. Walk-outs
1 Z# L5 w8 S! D5 s3 \ 52. Silence
% S# P4 H- F/ @; [ 53. Renouncing honors9 G. m! ~. y5 m: _- F
54. Turning one’s back9 ~: L5 A" q9 @# d6 {
# t5 k! A" J# c, |& |1 P
' q5 R. A, D$ F6 [& D9 g+ M1 D5 m- l3 J1 Z' v! A7 X! K
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
% d- }2 m/ s% C/ G% T, E( W
5 Z, g- `& i5 H$ I( T! s5 |
$ |2 S3 C& ]* x* v
! q0 Z3 \ v$ GOstracism of Persons+ T. A6 ~7 f1 C
55. Social boycott! j; e$ L! w& {: g" K
56. Selective social boycott
! a, m' {) S- o 57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 m! p! Z( R! I% V' E9 Y+ N. B2 } 58. Excommunication# p5 @: x9 U& C8 f: e/ C
59. Interdict9 u5 \; r9 F H8 [/ `
+ @ r3 d1 R2 }1 P3 v: M+ `8 ANoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 y# o C. E" Z( b 60. Suspension of social and sports activities K$ s% c% j( E* N
61. Boycott of social affairs A% U/ n+ |) j, G8 _6 E
62. Student strike: I: o# D1 I2 w4 {7 c
63. Social disobedience
9 B9 f! i. P1 T- ~* K 64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 ]7 }7 e% ~9 s" [0 M: d2 U7 G' p: i
% f/ p4 `. a" L: k) T
Withdrawal from the Social System, h2 O) Z) y. p* t4 ~; ~
65. Stay-at-home8 N6 n9 x3 J# }
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 T W& B; C% { 67. “Flight” of workers- J0 ]' x$ x& d' Z
68. Sanctuary9 y3 I( M- Y8 | z9 {( k! m2 r6 P
69. Collective disappearance% B ]+ ?7 o) t5 ]7 b
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
8 w( h% P" ?0 v2 ~* {+ t
5 A2 O) O9 a: O 1 R2 }$ p8 b# n2 O
' [! y) F; _: f( i. s0 X8 I
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 |* N' m7 U5 U8 k% U. C2 p3 O0 W/ b6 S6 O4 o' u. _9 ?- N
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Actions by Consumers- r& F; v$ g- O" t2 z
71. Consumers’ boycott x# ^4 @, f) }2 t1 m( R7 H
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 @" k$ E1 A% O" Z% ^, B( z 73. Policy of austerity+ n3 d% i3 s# f) r9 `) V( w, q
74. Rent withholding0 B9 R; {+ N8 f7 ]# }6 U; B" N
75. Refusal to rent
. Z% O: m8 X. e9 r+ O 76. National consumers’ boycott5 T: I- S$ B7 `+ r
77. International consumers’ boycott( \% h. _0 t- r* e" q0 ?
! }- \. g- @6 F( X! [$ @9 f5 V
Action by Workers and Producers
+ c3 D: R* ^4 c @ 78. Workmen’s boycott) z ]% U( a7 }4 r
79. Producers’ boycott
. M- t% C! O% J6 W' U% C# x
2 V' f8 ^3 Z9 K: p6 M. l3 \( P# zAction by Middlemen
* r: X% ~7 j4 `5 y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ m1 N6 d# F& Q' V) A+ Z; `2 S" v; ~5 K. n# ?
Action by Owners and Management, h0 }' @# E& R/ H- v9 o3 m
81. Traders’ boycott0 k" E' u7 u( C" L6 e( c8 E
82. Refusal to let or sell property/ O4 m: T! `% L' P+ T, C; l8 _
83. Lockout: l/ x3 a) y: u4 u% @
84. Refusal of industrial assistance: k+ a, J0 W5 ^- G: W; D
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ ~3 }9 m {, q5 s1 V5 g
^$ ^ G0 n/ i0 A1 rAction by Holders of Financial Resources* u' l/ c) J1 {
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% _2 N& p( D- N( b! f8 ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 |, W7 T. J% `/ r& a 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. i: i" H, O4 K' r4 ^+ ~
89. Severance of funds and credit
# m2 | r3 z1 I" ~- O! z0 j 90. Revenue refusal0 L; ?% }; e- F. o% A5 Y7 S2 w& R
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
9 G( f) W( K+ e5 _7 ~ 92. Domestic embargo
7 E6 i1 E3 [9 @' D- q- T9 Z+ w! Q! y 93. Blacklisting of traders
- d% s3 l& D0 I2 |# R' E 94. International sellers’ embargo
; L1 F8 R: Q3 T0 a 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ ^ t) l s% c2 R 96. International trade embargo" Z0 \6 ~5 `) V) A! \9 Z! T0 `5 K( L3 M
2 c* Z) n0 J4 M: U: `* b3 L* f
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4 G( O. N5 H2 STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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! ?" L1 h0 d% Y6 N; Z, [# g& @Symbolic Strikes
7 W6 u& E8 ]3 K4 W7 {* y 97. Protest strike3 H5 q4 d9 a1 X6 t+ J
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& k8 c3 ^, E/ r
# z4 P, |* s/ s+ ?6 N5 w
Agricultural Strikes
, I! w+ I; D1 v& ?, Q 99. Peasant strike
! i* K2 ~* ~4 l: O/ T' } 100. Farm Workers’ strike
' M' y$ E( x( a- A& m
* K& r+ H2 z7 W7 f! n8 uStrikes by Special Groups
' e/ _$ O8 L8 }3 s# q 101. Refusal of impressed labor4 |2 y8 K6 x: J( I( t, o1 A+ y0 d& ?, ?
102. Prisoners’ strike
|* e3 j5 z, b$ l 103. Craft strike5 _; F) E7 z ~: X0 {: d% f
104. Professional strike
! h3 E$ @+ \7 @5 b" i9 h" G1 U- d+ O- X% k6 w5 b
Ordinary Industrial Strikes9 T u! V: b y- l! n/ D
105. Establishment strike
" f1 g+ r, J9 Z 106. Industry strike/ G# R- o' h: u) s$ \6 o+ X6 f% ~, v
107. Sympathetic strike
# J) _7 Q3 o- M6 Y
- a# s7 p# E! c9 @7 MRestricted Strikes0 o$ K; m3 q/ h' q3 ?
108. Detailed strike S2 |* J6 y+ z9 ^8 e( U
109. Bumper strike
/ A0 l1 Q( _1 N" A3 e 110. Slowdown strike
3 \1 X6 z8 @3 { E( o7 d9 W! M 111. Working-to-rule strike! U' O0 `# e4 y! I
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" r- T% {# Z8 {. v3 U4 N
113. Strike by resignation
" M2 D* K2 @2 T$ Z+ r 114. Limited strike
, e/ O8 r9 C9 ^# J* k( p 115. Selective strike
! r1 u5 D6 [% ~5 U0 Z# A8 t2 y, ^ O- L" Y
Multi-Industry Strikes
% G( m4 W/ `6 g) H3 c! k) ?4 T4 j ~0 P7 s& @4 ~. ^* K0 A O
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
4 j+ e, v4 B/ @9 D D
, g+ g# _" O) x% F/ c( j& J) h* pCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures: [ j$ D$ g* T" A# z- g
* a% [1 ^: }8 I% ~' a; m 118. Hartal4 X& \7 R' B8 P3 Y9 }! r2 f, k6 O& U1 {
7 J% q: c6 j# {3 N+ @" a2 H$ x- C 119. Economic shutdown9 c1 Q9 c* a# Y0 n5 O4 s7 B
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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9 e: L/ L4 E# U3 H) m* IRejection of Authority
6 o) ~# B; T- p- G; ?$ p7 G 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 W: {) {' k: ~1 \0 s& G
121. Refusal of public support1 X5 A% h. r4 s. p, E6 j+ i
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance L6 M3 n- f. w5 B9 }! ?; O
5 k8 Y; }" }0 B2 T1 E7 z* ^" t* j
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; ~; [. q7 v; c: {! p9 K 123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ b6 Q, ?& L* L2 N
124. Boycott of elections# N7 s( B8 I& [. k8 I7 \ A1 V
125. Boycott of government employment and positions, G5 M% T' E) p8 w
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. g6 \, m/ u/ z9 S6 v
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, d# m" N6 {3 N9 v% i+ Z1 k0 ~" A4 q/ w
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations9 D5 N: P. H3 l3 H: x2 O* Y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 M/ [1 x! `# h: `1 r' Q, m3 @ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& o+ u9 ~3 K& @" a9 X% p: b 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 H0 e9 y9 Z3 y5 v9 u7 ~' i$ X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: J k b# A7 t M0 f- v9 V& I
( l& a4 P# I; m; i! kCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! \# i F$ E) f" |( K
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 y$ j1 `2 l+ @5 s8 R# m- W/ b7 ~ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 w: @7 b% R" |2 e/ S2 w g- q$ ~& X 135. Popular nonobedience2 p# d8 R8 W# b9 M; p( A$ e( U
136. Disguised disobedience/ I2 ^4 o0 [5 s" A
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 w9 K5 \9 v3 @- d# L! V- s1 ? 138. Sitdown
% Z4 g- {6 m# W+ p; L! n" O 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 G3 K. U6 ^7 a% L1 [ X 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( j# r+ e, }5 o- n! I q) o/ T/ e 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) p9 M2 P. C8 o. R/ T6 b( V+ i! y* B: P- a
Action by Government Personnel
9 n5 n" U( x. k+ _% l8 N& S6 e 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 M! s) `3 F* T, `
143. Blocking of lines of command and information. _( m4 _0 }' [5 y0 `2 z5 Y3 Y
144. Stalling and obstruction* B1 B& Y3 _9 }0 p% I
145. General administrative noncooperation2 O/ C9 h$ S/ K; o% y
1 t9 K+ `- n& o( [1 M' k
146. Judicial noncooperation
# E; R- X6 S8 R! Z4 N9 e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ y# j2 \. X0 S 148. Mutiny
k5 z$ j4 e8 ^( ODomestic Governmental Action6 k! X3 H( Y2 q J$ f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& @8 S4 n7 q0 a6 p2 V* F- I
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ Q" J2 m) W3 k; r) C2 g9 r+ R0 v' Q. f% k N
International Governmental Action) ?" J6 g; G4 a2 `8 S! [4 E
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! C" g7 g: y! G0 u2 w' A" Z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ L* O. V: j V6 q. L- W: d. d2 R
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! Q: Y0 i! m/ h 154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 l4 ?" i; N% j. H2 L( G
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 [6 [8 |8 X2 S) l; V/ Y7 }/ N9 c 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 D+ r( [9 W5 {0 W; b c
157. Expulsion from international organizations! U+ e" U. \# e& B. I" x0 k9 e% |
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION) z& r/ j2 c. t' q; ?" N
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' |% r0 H7 ~3 h6 fPsychological Intervention9 X6 }7 _* Q' p' w& M
158. Self-exposure to the elements# Z" j |* B+ o6 F6 A% e5 J
159. The fast
- v4 \6 f# j$ ]( c. } a) Fast of moral pressure
2 c: S3 F7 J9 ^7 e! e& [6 b5 B7 b b) Hunger strike
1 X0 a9 b* D! W9 T( e c) Satyagrahic fast; `8 _6 `5 o- t0 K7 _5 q# d% i
160. Reverse trial8 K( b# y+ K" {
161. Nonviolent harassment
3 O! c; [4 p8 r9 h8 m5 n4 J
; g L9 ]5 {0 xPhysical Intervention
7 O8 n8 t6 }. p& X2 [ 162. Sit-in
& {% W8 D: ?4 c 163. Stand-in/ i& M. J. d8 W* P/ S9 c. s5 [0 H
164. Ride-in9 o' T M% u$ H8 h1 a$ s* F. _& l0 H
165. Wade-in
$ X5 \" N K: z" G0 y; M 166. Mill-in! Y4 y8 V6 U1 H& v" J0 x* f
167. Pray-in3 k; u# m0 m' W- a) t! f
168. Nonviolent raids+ ]$ M h) L! Z; Z% H8 w
169. Nonviolent air raids; t+ T5 V! O. m& h) i* J" ^: W
170. Nonviolent invasion
: I& ]4 i3 c! A/ Y- o" \ 171. Nonviolent interjection5 p# p B3 u7 H: L; `" Q# C7 p$ S! Z+ i
172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 v ?3 D5 b1 A; i1 [; p, K& ^( ] 173. Nonviolent occupation) J# S# u) i' l3 x# V
7 A- J( J$ |: b6 d( w1 a8 }2 V
Social Intervention/ S- P/ m1 P. T' z, R, t% A, o& o0 }
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 P/ B; z: K N7 v. c$ B( J 175. Overloading of facilities0 r) s' X4 r; \" j; I
176. Stall-in% l; x: h% `! L! Q6 ?+ \
177. Speak-in" J% N: M& u1 {1 h& j5 s" y
178. Guerrilla theater
$ a) \7 X$ {) r/ l 179. Alternative social institutions
( y8 p( i9 d* s 180. Alternative communication system3 c) i2 D W1 o# D0 N/ F
$ _7 p- N* H' M1 w! k- R
Economic Intervention Z$ _8 R0 Z$ r# I1 `/ B
181. Reverse strike- c' @" |4 ?7 X- U/ a
182. Stay-in strike E) @% U8 A" D) {' Z8 G" L
183. Nonviolent land seizure {7 ~0 Z2 E" U( H7 C3 r
184. Defiance of blockades
! c+ M3 W' n: Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% l' y/ O" I6 Q& p3 W& K( w 186. Preclusive purchasing
8 F1 V% B" H( M8 N. j! O2 x& Q 187. Seizure of assets/ @- u' c) K+ K% m* F5 l
188. Dumping
5 S' o+ ]5 x$ I+ `, D 189. Selective patronage
% [8 y# [# }4 a4 y$ s2 `; f" _ 190. Alternative markets7 w- @' W& ^. ^+ p9 b, Z8 |
191. Alternative transportation systems
$ _5 z" d; m: A- a 192. Alternative economic institutions( m' Y ~9 c. G, z2 I: ]% [( I
( I: F! n, x" s: X/ X* ]Political Intervention& m+ _+ V4 K8 {! i2 P
193. Overloading of administrative systems* ^- C; g' X; W0 Y$ m
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 j, w v* b6 V7 k% D' ?+ m% K
195. Seeking imprisonment( Q5 o- v' r5 w) R% u& e
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 {$ r5 f& E* o8 M% P3 r
197. Work-on without collaboration
; v. y4 `5 r+ B, G% I1 z* k% k4 s 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) G# U: d" g$ d1 ?% f( v l6 t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
