 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( W( B" Z2 g0 j$ ~7 M/ AFormal Statements
: c8 j" q6 V; S8 |* T 1. Public Speeches
7 y0 H9 a4 |# S* Y/ U 2. Letters of opposition or support
n& a. B0 k$ j1 U1 e$ z# n 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
- I$ i4 Q6 c5 \+ x! h! G' _2 V) ~" @7 y 4. Signed public statements
- X* `$ G# l* H 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
' o* G$ b ^ [: l6 x 6. Group or mass petitions
$ D$ J: H6 O/ J$ y2 V
; {$ o; Q3 Z8 kCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 G0 L# A. S' a3 @ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) }$ c! O$ e! ?, i2 [ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: P5 Q3 \2 n0 V: c$ f; Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 q( x6 Y3 p' }. j- K
10. Newspapers and journals
" B/ x' ]2 N) d* |9 Q P 11. Records, radio, and television
9 x7 d1 r0 N$ }: J$ P n 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# X7 _6 P% G! A, f2 l. `0 a! n1 l$ o) z- c; s, H% b
Group Representations
3 U- q2 W8 q1 j+ u; S0 ^ 13. Deputations6 N6 k, [' ~# r _* f# y9 ]- h% o$ K
14. Mock awards( C# \% u& p9 M3 l
15. Group lobbying
) u# X; V7 q# d& |. `9 @: |' ` 16. Picketing
9 V: K" g1 X! q/ X+ t7 t! p 17. Mock elections1 B) d/ i( L @& `" Y
3 F1 M# D! F* R3 ^* y: Z: T% rSymbolic Public Acts7 @, j( O) [! X3 C
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 H/ ^* K n% b) a1 D% o5 ~& g! n 19. Wearing of symbols
, F: ]) ?- C1 p% Q 20. Prayer and worship+ E1 j. m; l* G$ a/ \$ x! c
21. Delivering symbolic objects" l4 `- m% S" r' K' o& g
22. Protest disrobings
# Y& M" j: ~6 F 23. Destruction of own property5 H' o7 S, E) K4 n# b" s
24. Symbolic lights2 v8 g6 _: Y- m- J/ Y. r
25. Displays of portraits
4 ~' k5 L* C1 w 26. Paint as protest# f8 Q$ a7 @8 A8 Y, R
27. New signs and names
# a- a1 I M7 ?7 ` 28. Symbolic sounds
3 C6 s, M$ K* S4 j; _ }6 k% d4 J 29. Symbolic reclamations
. `! X' `- R" t$ J% o& K' Q1 A 30. Rude gestures/ J% ]# J1 a% j( S& J
! N6 j* @( e, w9 x+ V' r5 J, a' ]Pressures on Individuals& W5 \; ^% G1 F
31. “Haunting” officials$ m w. v7 M; ]2 y
32. Taunting officials
* J& G4 H. _, K9 l 33. Fraternization
* d" e9 B- W. y5 o7 s2 J 34. Vigils( X: { w b. ^8 V6 s" P i% n. J
4 Y5 n) Q5 o% A4 m% {. CDrama and Music
( |8 b% v' E2 N( Y 35. Humorous skits and pranks
& Q0 C1 c9 ^% m+ P# K) W 36. Performances of plays and music
+ m- v% h. \( U$ U( L* x6 a 37. Singing
4 e, s2 Z; g9 A. g. ^0 v" i% a" U S! V9 g
Processions. e1 b) |' Z7 @5 B0 b
38. Marches
: `3 Y p( `$ e, D4 a' k 39. Parades
0 S& s! {; ?7 D2 W1 X 40. Religious processions' r; b) [ v6 {3 y O+ O
41. Pilgrimages3 O( l1 t: A- A8 n8 d7 c3 {: ~0 }
42. Motorcades
% T& r; j! Y0 p) `' v% Y6 N& \; f: G1 f; N4 X2 w
Honoring the Dead
$ S0 g- f7 X9 q5 x3 d 43. Political mourning) b R. v" ?) ]# u& c$ K0 ~$ Z
44. Mock funerals
l1 P- M- b6 S) |! a F 45. Demonstrative funerals
k! _' p+ t( w4 v% E. ^ 46. Homage at burial places, ]0 r- b2 @* a( m' I4 M
( }* _+ ]5 s w% u4 }3 V+ FPublic Assemblies
0 R3 @3 r7 b! D3 Q 47. Assemblies of protest or support
) B& m5 D; U- p, f2 P7 i" _+ I4 k4 |, Q 48. Protest meetings
1 y6 V, g& E$ y! K8 l! t4 c 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 Q: ~+ v+ ?8 `4 s, R# e0 ]
50. Teach-ins
6 n2 {0 t8 t) P H% j* f2 q' t* D$ {7 n9 X: A& D. U
Withdrawal and Renunciation: z U' \8 h" ^2 z3 P& ~
51. Walk-outs
+ L: I3 b( x- F* q9 n 52. Silence
4 G0 J# h- c2 g" Q 53. Renouncing honors
6 h% R, M1 ]; F0 W$ c; N 54. Turning one’s back/ x' d/ U/ A/ @7 E
, ]' v3 T& z9 s3 P! F- w
1 o4 e- K- Z: C2 c; x1 u( g1 _1 g/ U0 ?& R1 }$ T- `/ g- g4 U
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 ^2 ^# H k+ c& D0 t2 ~
+ r) {' o6 U6 `7 G0 n' r
) l& h% z# J+ a( C# L" x% W
9 x7 s. J5 N* a7 [- A! {9 {Ostracism of Persons
6 S! ^, E! E" \- @# C- f6 h 55. Social boycott
% N9 t2 _" C2 w4 z& h 56. Selective social boycott
! M; V7 x: v; w5 z* _ 57. Lysistratic nonaction I/ t# U3 y2 R9 R
58. Excommunication
, d; k6 t+ I- o3 U# }. I5 ~ 59. Interdict8 X O% e5 s& m5 M/ A7 S
! |3 U; [$ v' r% a# k; z1 V, F" h vNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 g2 y5 H8 i8 k- K* b
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& H% r: }3 X$ G* z6 j/ u 61. Boycott of social affairs
; ?/ l8 {9 j8 x# Z 62. Student strike
: n9 Z9 K, h2 ~1 z+ N 63. Social disobedience7 R$ p! I$ ]( e/ a2 p& `
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* _% Q7 R0 [* F# ^2 N7 ?4 ]
9 k) o6 Y7 e2 AWithdrawal from the Social System" [0 k ?+ b- z: Q+ Q
65. Stay-at-home2 F p* J5 g; E+ o
66. Total personal noncooperation9 l6 ~& @9 z5 ?( @: T& @6 W
67. “Flight” of workers; `8 M% J+ V7 g$ y' f
68. Sanctuary. G$ c1 @* J- n9 p: x, t: T
69. Collective disappearance* v6 x. k6 f+ O. ]& M" |
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ i* v8 }5 w7 b5 \5 U
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4 q, E9 W1 E" P" ]) ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
# \5 R5 X t% Y8 M3 J& [+ i$ b( q s( X J* [6 S7 `
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Actions by Consumers |, m- t9 N, @. o1 E& @$ g% o
71. Consumers’ boycott
7 z+ a5 y L% M9 {: Q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( S- l; S$ N* e; i \4 o
73. Policy of austerity, F! h* [; ]. p, u* x
74. Rent withholding# w7 C& n6 a- r% ~9 R! ~
75. Refusal to rent, V2 P, Z1 `7 J/ l- [, m# |
76. National consumers’ boycott9 Y! c$ c$ m1 O8 ~: n% z. h9 e) {
77. International consumers’ boycott
5 d! I, K7 i6 `7 I9 c0 F0 v2 {/ b" T
: `) [8 g' s/ {- r4 D7 |Action by Workers and Producers
8 ]6 B" N. r( f$ _& d+ x: R, r3 T 78. Workmen’s boycott% t9 g) A3 H) ]$ D
79. Producers’ boycott
2 S+ |% a/ V# ^1 [. t. p4 H. w$ V B9 O. r# m
Action by Middlemen, h% m7 t, w& x; s
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" X6 X/ Q, b" m0 M8 u" D4 Z8 B; o1 J6 }; A, g% H3 m& z
Action by Owners and Management
' _3 Y6 b- n$ M% g" o3 o- i: {0 t 81. Traders’ boycott
* \, J9 J1 X5 m- U5 W: J0 Q 82. Refusal to let or sell property; z1 `/ s% a1 u# W7 F
83. Lockout
2 N, _9 d6 c3 d* Z" W" Z; p2 [- X 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& m/ B0 ]* g# r! m V- D 85. Merchants’ “general strike” Q, g- C s( H& ]8 `6 z
1 y8 j4 M/ a$ r5 M8 _2 aAction by Holders of Financial Resources
5 {2 @% f9 B! w, r S 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% Q8 ?' _' W7 d+ @; o
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 m$ Q" i4 o+ x 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# l% p! l7 g" K: K8 | [ 89. Severance of funds and credit
' a5 s. D7 P: I# Z( V0 l 90. Revenue refusal6 x1 `9 m* ?9 X% u9 S: e
91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 Y* T$ L& O5 |
0 h: a, x% X# I/ s0 X! VAction by Governments% G& [8 W. O2 D: @8 p5 G' u4 D
92. Domestic embargo
/ C8 q, J- u: H" A1 Y' I 93. Blacklisting of traders1 S( ]9 y& F# }; p
94. International sellers’ embargo0 x6 ]% B* R5 J0 Z& ^2 r; V1 U2 m5 W s
95. International buyers’ embargo
' E. S G9 U5 i0 C4 l) s& B 96. International trade embargo4 x9 `1 U) V$ l) |" K
6 v* t2 z! r: Z& ~
H! g3 | U: V6 R8 O- ~' w R/ w- `% t2 v3 R c2 V5 }- n$ ?$ K
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' E4 }# @ z" M5 z9 D& ^. A, e0 W( ~
6 H7 k% @& H9 ?* k9 T! l
" l" t0 s: R* S7 L
Symbolic Strikes
x- r) k0 o6 }! u 97. Protest strike
' _9 x( u4 ]9 }0 G6 A2 M& k* ]4 o4 q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# @ T$ p* J R: i/ [
, _; N: t7 k: D: a8 y2 y
Agricultural Strikes
4 x0 i0 E7 x; ]; @ 99. Peasant strike
) g) I/ ^4 y h% X( Y2 C" o 100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 n) m6 j- [- w4 d5 l" u0 e- x- k
Strikes by Special Groups
- Q4 D$ C' Z: _! U- T G 101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 a7 G6 g! Z# B# D4 ~" I, a 102. Prisoners’ strike' y: L, B$ U: Q0 }1 B. ^, N- G
103. Craft strike
6 Q; `0 Z% M' K9 H8 t" ^2 \ 104. Professional strike. W! x3 N) A3 s v" h
' L. w# p5 `; @ Z' Q' d0 k ?6 n
Ordinary Industrial Strikes: `$ g) r' h/ H
105. Establishment strike; D" \, L+ a6 r
106. Industry strike
4 _, Y/ x, V1 R7 T4 P7 G 107. Sympathetic strike! c7 _. L! o4 T
8 @0 E' Y2 g- @) V+ B( nRestricted Strikes
, ^$ |$ t- [8 L% t( T; k: S 108. Detailed strike
* _4 C9 R6 v$ y m$ l: e 109. Bumper strike
+ d1 l0 i7 C% Z 110. Slowdown strike
6 Q# c; O: u" e" ^ 111. Working-to-rule strike
' T% j' h* V- \& {% f1 D7 ^( z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 X5 C& `8 H) [9 `) S, ` 113. Strike by resignation
8 Y4 g8 s4 d8 L% ]; T 114. Limited strike l/ b& ~9 x/ T0 G+ y7 f
115. Selective strike- R9 u2 z6 c$ i' v7 c. u% v: C& i* ]+ C5 n
& J1 R+ X- m; e5 j+ o4 R/ a
Multi-Industry Strikes6 k- D: `3 E9 ]( U, i6 b1 t
7 e- T* m* m9 |7 z2 Z* l" f" a
116. Generalized strike+ D) L: V! u" l9 X0 V: z! p# H/ d! Q
8 ]2 f5 N0 @5 ^) @' U8 ~9 b6 B 117. General strike2 c1 x i( Y# D+ `+ v, Z8 {2 a
; N7 `% L d# kCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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$ \1 q% Y% v1 J! j9 ] 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown6 X7 H+ z9 V% t& q
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# P) @. n. {. Q8 b0 ^% g9 }0 R
% \, l) J! O: _' f
6 p" Y% F7 R: [# PRejection of Authority
7 w {6 M- ]2 ~4 M# z7 r% y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. W6 P+ ]# x9 I6 Y' n7 | 121. Refusal of public support
7 I. l+ L4 S3 m# u4 f+ t 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 {1 L' L4 I/ I& c N
0 Q+ S9 v" L8 l: j- u5 JCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 C0 R( R7 U" M3 D
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& y+ X3 X- l) y5 c7 C" M 124. Boycott of elections7 ]- I/ m1 c! R1 M# B% U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions a# K* W7 Z7 @5 V1 e
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ z; R; }( b" K 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 ]: j- u4 P" @( f7 }. W' ]8 d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 p8 t J ?. z4 V$ u, I: o 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% X* H' F; d& h 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 ?- w. K* b4 f. v7 F; W6 Z4 ]1 I
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 K3 O6 X1 Q0 z; V 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 W7 J; t9 V7 f! i
( V" [: G ~7 H# a! }Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 h" C: u2 H( p! o" u: K# O
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 W% @: _" |( c
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 E7 H% L4 E* k: m& @+ F
135. Popular nonobedience6 V8 i( y. x0 B5 O+ b, s
136. Disguised disobedience" T0 Z! A6 Y8 Y: _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 x3 U9 }/ C1 f3 o' x: N- s 138. Sitdown" } V* l1 B0 H W/ ]3 S
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 ]9 K% }4 D- Q% J# k) f* }7 t 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 W9 E) W* z; T4 K
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 }: B( n2 C' c- }, i2 M4 E
+ m* [2 L: A3 s: u0 { QAction by Government Personnel
" }4 x+ L6 W$ {+ E, r+ D: ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: U4 D+ n- Y( y! G0 A 143. Blocking of lines of command and information S0 j: k7 i: T! [5 u: k# ]+ I0 G1 F
144. Stalling and obstruction
5 i" T+ \6 h2 ]0 `6 F; P 145. General administrative noncooperation1 G! A6 I0 W+ m
# y+ ^4 @- [9 w2 i" S, I# \# G/ r1 F 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 v* W/ F& |. N7 h" Z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' t: p. g; x: U& R 148. Mutiny
" U) [$ d3 a; @, g# o6 CDomestic Governmental Action# t. t1 H9 B7 ~0 P2 p: a) @& f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 Q( R( p1 b' J( Z8 C" U: U, _; c- o) R 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: M/ Q6 S7 t4 \3 L
9 g/ u5 D8 g2 f7 ^7 C$ LInternational Governmental Action
9 Q" u2 j5 ^ P 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ Q% h o1 {8 A& ^% _( n2 f 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; a* ?* d! l8 z! X( y1 R6 b/ s+ ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 k( l) `" d9 b! r 154. Severance of diplomatic relations- d& K2 w, V+ r
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ x6 V; H* }6 s$ g+ ? Y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 ^ \1 P z5 ?9 n 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 [( ]' }1 ?7 j5 D! Z% a) }) D. {. S+ ^# e
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
" q |& F, I6 W 158. Self-exposure to the elements- z% z9 P, T6 O: |3 [9 N3 @
159. The fast
4 ]; N: ~" r9 A& k) j5 b: ^% k a) Fast of moral pressure( w5 W% _7 g7 f8 ^$ G6 v1 t1 Q1 v* Z
b) Hunger strike
' M; _- D0 q6 r, g- B6 m c) Satyagrahic fast# r; s; N6 |, P9 v6 A1 I$ n
160. Reverse trial
' Y7 G: G2 \1 R: B" [1 [ 161. Nonviolent harassment
6 Z& A4 m# \# M# ]8 F G$ M* h) c
+ v5 e& q6 z1 m8 C, iPhysical Intervention' m1 } D& B9 [0 m% i
162. Sit-in
. @3 D9 @9 Q! t9 _/ f 163. Stand-in% g# d# n( d0 u0 N
164. Ride-in. [& Y" g- c( ~2 N
165. Wade-in
5 o( M% r4 J( |( ] 166. Mill-in% H N5 ^, I% ^9 c9 N
167. Pray-in( m! r5 {8 C4 ^: D Z, a' s" f# R
168. Nonviolent raids6 t9 u/ e% ]2 Z
169. Nonviolent air raids
7 }( f9 y) V5 n( W7 F 170. Nonviolent invasion8 T' v9 v# u; G7 o! J- t$ M
171. Nonviolent interjection+ Y5 y" ^) r; @$ h8 h5 O
172. Nonviolent obstruction
( Q7 ~! n* ^/ p' R% C 173. Nonviolent occupation' }7 h. N; d" O8 M8 d9 O8 z
; ]9 t G/ K: {Social Intervention- f5 C0 A1 A5 o( G8 v W0 ?- E
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 z" Q! K( _; v9 J! R2 y4 s% | 175. Overloading of facilities) ^3 e) o/ j8 Z- Q
176. Stall-in
: S9 C q6 F+ l 177. Speak-in& e1 o5 B+ M5 t
178. Guerrilla theater# ?: o$ P' b( e6 |
179. Alternative social institutions2 f2 P8 d, Q' c! n% z
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention5 S- p' C1 ~ F5 @$ T7 J
181. Reverse strike" n. O" @: u+ l3 i4 e% [( F
182. Stay-in strike
- R8 d1 B# f2 J( Y. s1 k+ T 183. Nonviolent land seizure7 D4 s" A0 S7 B9 T+ d
184. Defiance of blockades" z# r% A/ q1 ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting( ~+ E6 a% g5 L( f
186. Preclusive purchasing
$ E! i' {: D! f( U% ~ 187. Seizure of assets- h8 m0 W! Q p" t0 d
188. Dumping2 F9 F' O5 o7 @, d
189. Selective patronage
6 p, X) \/ e! A/ k7 m 190. Alternative markets7 D( G: ?( E, s* m2 _% ~( v
191. Alternative transportation systems3 t+ Q+ f% n6 H: a
192. Alternative economic institutions8 o8 N7 Z# |. D) p7 L" _; l; r
2 B$ R/ Q) ^! i0 \0 `Political Intervention
1 n+ ~! _0 b! e! Z8 n a* ~ 193. Overloading of administrative systems/ `" P9 n; R1 O, v) Z3 c
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! I$ q' Q/ D, U/ p- m9 d% t- t
195. Seeking imprisonment
# B8 B: T$ [ _# M6 W1 B5 O4 g 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) ^( `5 n- s4 P y/ |9 L 197. Work-on without collaboration: Q) n L7 r. |' d1 m
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
