 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 h9 [1 G4 C% Y6 p( D9 F
Formal Statements
; u2 B$ i' B2 O& o 1. Public Speeches: w P) Y; A% Z* U
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 A( P9 g% J8 j3 j7 H+ f 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 r& q, {% }% z3 N- A! U. P- ?$ X 4. Signed public statements6 @6 Y, j2 |' [9 J; \0 U/ P
5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 @' K1 _# H3 B' ^8 h
6. Group or mass petitions
8 U; W2 U# i- {7 Z7 p. x: [: F3 G7 W: s$ {; x* j
Communications with a Wider Audience
' I7 f# B8 p1 t* W9 K2 Z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& G0 s p$ M" h6 f0 }: Q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
z" l* I( V2 c9 T8 X/ c 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 v& W$ d2 X4 A$ S% b- t( }
10. Newspapers and journals5 R2 c' \) G/ T; p8 m' @! {
11. Records, radio, and television3 ]' g7 u5 u/ l) l# @4 ~
12. Skywriting and earthwriting' F% R. q3 t8 R4 `
1 o# G% `6 P* @, \, N* `1 [0 ~
Group Representations! t7 z; Z. f, F, n0 B4 @1 `
13. Deputations2 ^$ |: |% h, z# N$ w" p4 b7 Q
14. Mock awards2 T6 B7 @6 w4 \4 a. z3 c1 e7 |
15. Group lobbying
* j" w" T2 X* F3 a6 U& D! T. F 16. Picketing. b" h5 `$ M8 @5 x ?1 n8 p& Y
17. Mock elections
" X4 i$ Y6 C# r9 O$ f
& C; M5 m6 L% F4 g+ v8 d6 ?Symbolic Public Acts
0 o3 K5 G3 U$ n) e; [6 Y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 G8 _/ t6 h- y- T6 z- A 19. Wearing of symbols b5 R: O- r1 q9 e( S4 {
20. Prayer and worship
) Y$ I4 c( x" \: Y6 n- E+ s( L 21. Delivering symbolic objects1 y$ e6 Y, R! o; q
22. Protest disrobings
# ~4 n8 ^8 p9 W i 23. Destruction of own property
! S9 @* T' M$ D% n. `$ `$ l* { 24. Symbolic lights1 C) }* x: P: B. s* p2 F# k- H
25. Displays of portraits
2 k6 i8 Y; M1 `! d 26. Paint as protest
9 a( }) q6 ?: k( s1 A 27. New signs and names
7 G; P) _/ t: \ 28. Symbolic sounds
, |2 D k) g/ R0 @+ |3 s7 g. E6 w 29. Symbolic reclamations* {$ Q `; u; h$ X( F1 i. n
30. Rude gestures
~: b- |( M5 @! V! N# k5 D6 U5 H& N
Pressures on Individuals) a* O" G' e& p3 [! l
31. “Haunting” officials }. [( o g. X! z; g) V3 d
32. Taunting officials3 w, T/ q4 o8 e# s% h. @1 _
33. Fraternization
9 U* y' n# `4 W8 Q. j/ X 34. Vigils
n7 P3 n$ I8 N, w8 U& O6 p
& J; J% h& ?7 l' k! iDrama and Music
& ^) V3 C& [5 Y7 e6 o2 |) h 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ Z4 Z. Q+ ]+ v9 E& p. w- g 36. Performances of plays and music; `0 a* i2 S: s1 t3 c g
37. Singing, y5 d. k; }7 |$ K
2 {8 b* C( m' ]1 c+ fProcessions0 _ ^$ [( H) x0 D5 w# M1 J6 p$ u
38. Marches
, b- O: S6 L g! j$ x 39. Parades, U% h) L$ ^. w- N; }
40. Religious processions; v0 u( ^* w1 p. d5 w; T
41. Pilgrimages) a4 c+ r3 k, T7 u! Z8 r( r
42. Motorcades
* ]) \6 @' J3 e3 P6 Q
c/ I- Q/ W- PHonoring the Dead
. }$ u' L3 V: O1 { 43. Political mourning; d8 \1 L4 G- e) ^. V
44. Mock funerals p% M9 g1 y8 ^
45. Demonstrative funerals7 x. }: T8 x& B9 C3 r0 F
46. Homage at burial places/ _' N$ Z% q: p4 t7 F# N
; @# c6 ]0 ?: APublic Assemblies
3 ~% T. c9 ^% Y1 h 47. Assemblies of protest or support
% d z* K: C4 f0 w/ b9 B 48. Protest meetings
5 R) k; c- Q; G 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 y+ ~; d# w+ F' E( q8 w' v
50. Teach-ins
* k9 @$ j* p6 |2 t: n
C7 K: z2 ~2 sWithdrawal and Renunciation$ e0 N9 Y9 d' x3 V W
51. Walk-outs% ?9 ~2 E* W$ j( E( B/ \
52. Silence" R7 p8 E/ N8 Y" h* T3 g2 p+ k
53. Renouncing honors
; j2 z [& `# m# a" J 54. Turning one’s back
# d% h+ v& E7 A+ F; W, S1 [
% {8 Y9 P2 l" H2 t9 x+ C) s. N3 J
3 u6 V# }! R I# a( i
# k# t5 d+ x' aTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! y- J$ A. S* [6 B
, `3 i7 y0 A- h$ K5 c
# s! ^; {* m! L9 O. O/ z9 R7 W( F/ _, R
Ostracism of Persons& s/ T* g, t. A, o# w. x
55. Social boycott- m* ~+ ?1 j4 F- O: E
56. Selective social boycott
5 E! q, y. U4 k* K+ ~( P5 b 57. Lysistratic nonaction! E8 f8 d* {6 r( D# w5 ^% [
58. Excommunication
. i5 H8 G2 ]+ }5 ?* g 59. Interdict! w/ L6 |- \: |- [2 ^/ B, v% _" B
8 _9 w* x( I3 j! TNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, C- d/ s/ v: [+ a- \8 u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities) Z3 D' @8 H" n. W; X* e
61. Boycott of social affairs7 B) u# o0 a# ]; F2 Y) ~
62. Student strike
- Q' d+ L' m4 X+ b' Y 63. Social disobedience, M/ ]! w& t/ ^) p# Z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# G4 \" R# @7 q
' o' @1 P7 P( p; \* [7 tWithdrawal from the Social System' x" q7 w; m% j/ W) [! l, ]. V
65. Stay-at-home/ T/ B/ l9 r7 n5 d& i
66. Total personal noncooperation( y7 B+ K( U' u$ V- A
67. “Flight” of workers
1 b/ B4 ] J& D+ Z: {6 ~ 68. Sanctuary0 Y/ ]/ W: ]+ P. W
69. Collective disappearance4 Q0 Z, e! S& T k) Z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 D; U) x" `7 S |* `* S
\7 L' X. X& T9 Q& s
, d1 I/ \2 M6 Y7 C. P2 c
% B$ }* B; ~; J) yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
+ e V9 R% {. ~' y3 Z2 s& ]1 J
7 H) \* M! ~' o3 L' V. {( `
1 z2 }* _4 v5 Q; O6 A1 d5 UActions by Consumers( B# `" b# i8 J/ B) N
71. Consumers’ boycott
* E* r" g% r0 i f* e% G; c% H 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 x6 S- w- M& \: M4 U
73. Policy of austerity
2 \+ |6 l9 v1 e6 I6 [" ~ 74. Rent withholding) p Z. `* F% v7 y' S: s% E7 e& }
75. Refusal to rent# q1 a5 W. {* r
76. National consumers’ boycott
7 g n3 m& b' T 77. International consumers’ boycott
1 ^5 i3 N7 k+ k t2 {7 R/ c1 b
7 i+ H" l" w! e( tAction by Workers and Producers
5 ^6 m* o1 k" h- q& J 78. Workmen’s boycott
1 Z; p X7 {- ~; I; V 79. Producers’ boycott3 y; w6 B" N* A4 P- D! ?
$ U, K- Z3 v2 C+ v7 Z M% z( r. X
Action by Middlemen0 q3 @+ k$ ~' b/ O% [, s! X
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott F% B0 F1 ]# J( T% Q/ l$ m$ W
/ F* l; w/ M* X! N
Action by Owners and Management# q5 E$ N- i3 y0 ?" o3 S6 v
81. Traders’ boycott
9 D9 [* N' ~+ F+ [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
* w. \7 ^5 K+ ], p4 a; x* e$ K 83. Lockout, U$ e" r2 B. D" z7 k1 t& ^
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. ]9 k+ m( e' ]$ w2 \6 |4 K 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ l/ @* ~# B* v1 f1 v' o0 l$ ?# |$ l4 T" |
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
9 w% C7 ]! O/ |4 f, ? 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, \2 g% _! X8 v; G6 Y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 g/ ^& ~3 j# R* `
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 J# s+ C; L9 c4 e
89. Severance of funds and credit
7 @6 @/ a X9 b$ n 90. Revenue refusal
$ s' J; [& c: I0 W1 S0 u9 ]( L: p 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 w8 z- @+ I3 C
: V0 _* L$ n3 W: @, {8 L
Action by Governments" V0 R( f/ H6 }! J. Z
92. Domestic embargo
* m" Y$ F" Z1 P. [( g$ ] [. l2 ~ 93. Blacklisting of traders2 U' X1 z( i+ a9 M
94. International sellers’ embargo7 U1 @6 T" C; j7 n0 ]
95. International buyers’ embargo
; U0 s4 K) m2 @. u# F& D 96. International trade embargo
7 y" n" z4 [2 C: `& w- U1 `- K) p9 ]# ?6 ~, H
! |: f5 G/ t8 z
) Z* j/ m1 @: B$ M- d
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
- k; S. }, c4 ~ e+ G$ Q. W" C7 z
* L! ~3 `' T8 d# l 0 I/ o$ {( q7 t/ L0 [
Symbolic Strikes
% Z, \4 H0 ]* g7 ^$ n- T6 D 97. Protest strike9 A. C; i# Y! S! t% f8 M
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 q' A' }, t$ w1 V- @8 ^1 W/ q
- x: a. P) j G( kAgricultural Strikes
7 }- J A p, o' V9 L) @ 99. Peasant strike
; F9 i# R% t0 N- z1 } 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 s- J1 c+ q7 e/ r1 q, I% t r- a: F
Strikes by Special Groups
+ W* v1 Z; C1 c- f& E4 f+ v' U, f. V 101. Refusal of impressed labor- K' T% B+ P8 `: y0 X' i
102. Prisoners’ strike
4 X; u* o. F/ |2 { 103. Craft strike4 ?" R3 u+ D8 f; T' r P! m
104. Professional strike
( d$ P' U7 D8 Q% {4 O6 C8 a7 b- a8 C1 P9 `' S
Ordinary Industrial Strikes e N/ P' W _; W
105. Establishment strike7 K U9 w+ I! E
106. Industry strike# G8 |: X% V& `- E2 L" X# r
107. Sympathetic strike1 u! f& C+ w6 Q$ B* ]) q4 }
6 m2 `4 A7 H5 ?, y3 e& s; X8 R& z- J
Restricted Strikes
9 z3 X# z0 J" o 108. Detailed strike
! }5 \9 w+ [5 @6 Y 109. Bumper strike2 I$ e) J8 `2 v; L
110. Slowdown strike
. E5 D+ C+ B1 f/ |9 C2 U4 k 111. Working-to-rule strike% g. q$ h* I+ ?' `% j! ]5 ^2 G
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) T7 h( D8 E- Q" l* u
113. Strike by resignation
, P& S- Q9 Q6 t& x 114. Limited strike5 q# D+ M9 k2 T) d% {# X( G9 x g
115. Selective strike9 K* b4 D% v$ q! o3 L: h
$ A- ]5 T; x! y7 ^
Multi-Industry Strikes
- C$ d5 Q, O7 h8 }5 G" h& ?% i
/ I8 R; |5 A4 R+ }. ~- @" m 116. Generalized strike
: f# G: r( y4 E6 A) D' K; P; E
# c/ ]4 Y% a* v1 N 117. General strike
g! g; L3 T! z: P
2 ~- O, s' R* B {Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 J! F N+ M) @( k( A+ u: k3 M' `5 S' K, r. j, L
118. Hartal( ?+ x. [ o4 E' l1 E' |7 c5 m
2 _% A9 a6 k; u: o 119. Economic shutdown: B4 ~6 t# d C; ?
0 z' J! O. M. j+ @9 U* @) J % L/ G# d8 B9 T: H" P
8 x6 R% S) l( l2 V
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' C _, v5 |2 R2 n1 @' d
0 F! ^2 [# |0 `: P% N' |1 n+ y
) J( o. W) ]" i5 ]) d7 _Rejection of Authority& S( [: t8 o |2 z1 ~* J8 o; e/ N
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ y; X- N; n( O
121. Refusal of public support1 m* d3 T& |$ b/ S: I3 `0 ]
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 I; q3 W; ], w& V
# M! O' ?" C. R& i+ r# C& B
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) |: n3 x: K" n3 p/ p
123. Boycott of legislative bodies. {3 ~5 @ _' S+ S2 z( i' y! R
124. Boycott of elections h1 _8 a, o1 h$ e
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( s# V, f1 i! R3 ]$ v 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" X! r2 D; x" ^! z. z% Y j8 L! J 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 m- H4 z& Q! D* G, ^, B% s
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ r0 b- A R% ?9 G: H* h 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ @8 o, q; Y' p! @5 t/ B
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* Q+ W* X0 M; Q1 s5 O
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ O: K" X! n8 ?$ @ B 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' d, ?3 X6 ?* N5 T
; E: w$ B U J F4 }) L4 a
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* d$ b; d7 s# z3 K( H 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& t6 U) N! `+ v! R& P. L/ j 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ ~8 N. @5 q' y. {7 f 135. Popular nonobedience
4 E! k: B; u/ x 136. Disguised disobedience
6 i7 V- J. [+ L/ |( W 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* F# z' e9 }- W1 c9 Y# ? s4 Q 138. Sitdown
7 V2 F5 Z/ v: ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( E+ o+ U9 E- ~9 D# K
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, t$ {1 l" R5 r- T) h 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# B0 {) b- }) f: T
& X/ U% v# i+ E1 w p/ L
Action by Government Personnel+ b% z9 Z6 y( c9 e+ T3 u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 M+ ~% P" K$ | 143. Blocking of lines of command and information; Q, c' V4 C+ Y# {
144. Stalling and obstruction
3 }# j2 N9 m. f' B" y& R9 c 145. General administrative noncooperation
- q+ Z+ _8 M/ ~1 `, ?, X; n5 q6 A' e; m0 {
146. Judicial noncooperation8 Q* j! ^) A3 s, ?, u
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% f. S7 e0 Z: @3 W6 t
148. Mutiny
7 j6 v' |: G6 \) m Y+ p& BDomestic Governmental Action4 b- \3 E( G) q' P7 A1 u
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays3 @3 f/ \% W1 U3 W7 J
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
" C% O5 g& v6 e0 O: W8 d* |$ u2 d5 R+ Z c0 ?
International Governmental Action: ]2 R0 m$ n; b# z) q# j6 v
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ q. H, V5 N* Y1 U; C7 r, f3 E
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events v$ T. d' r* C- m
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; S: t9 |. ]( f+ B' c% `) m5 ?* U
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- N( A3 }, n1 w! v
155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ L0 w& e4 v N5 J9 T
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( i8 C' P1 c9 ]& Y d 157. Expulsion from international organizations" N' ?+ S2 B* w @, h @6 u/ ^
; p/ T8 z0 G! O; H! P# a: o9 r
! ]1 |4 S% _+ a# l
0 S3 W; F; R, Z( w2 WTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% T) g$ F+ y0 P, A5 L( G, M
! O+ ]+ S2 r, Q, C/ r# [2 i4 Q # [6 }) V/ T6 q! N4 w
Psychological Intervention
P4 l) i& o" [ ?1 @ 158. Self-exposure to the elements4 C/ }8 s' r' D* x N% s( B6 M) [
159. The fast5 I" \7 Q6 Z2 ^& L# [
a) Fast of moral pressure3 l: X9 [" w6 S" N. ]
b) Hunger strike
n0 E8 G! q/ N% n, i c) Satyagrahic fast
! R+ i, V4 e. j% R: `$ e 160. Reverse trial
3 }& F* a9 G I/ P 161. Nonviolent harassment- J' B! H) y) p; d# w3 F
" Y8 k2 ~, m6 s
Physical Intervention N5 X- O" o" t. D3 C& Y
162. Sit-in
7 v) Q: h7 d' Z. T1 }1 ] 163. Stand-in9 k. v+ P6 ?* k0 X/ ]2 a4 `% e2 M
164. Ride-in
6 N! b8 v) G4 \ n. P; }3 x4 ?* p 165. Wade-in: n& h! _. O: \
166. Mill-in& v2 y* M9 H( n$ R
167. Pray-in
; I5 B( o! P) L; F3 ^( }* ^ 168. Nonviolent raids
6 A3 C' b- s, x- E 169. Nonviolent air raids
9 W1 \ h) k: \; v# \! n 170. Nonviolent invasion7 `+ [ @' Z) i8 g
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 {+ v- q) b' S) X1 r+ B2 E 172. Nonviolent obstruction" p& n) O" m' q. A( ?! e2 ]" ?1 ]
173. Nonviolent occupation: p' g4 o! K5 c" Q3 R+ H: q' |6 r
n, x7 Z2 K3 \) T9 _
Social Intervention
& M) ~( |8 {8 s 174. Establishing new social patterns
D! g# u/ Z# |4 J 175. Overloading of facilities
) k0 @- `3 P) Z5 H" `/ L6 \1 O 176. Stall-in
) z) s/ T$ }2 {4 B {0 F0 o 177. Speak-in- R1 T$ G2 B0 r; s1 U
178. Guerrilla theater: I5 p( J. c1 j/ P7 `! Y4 }: g
179. Alternative social institutions6 x% g* J ~$ f
180. Alternative communication system
8 v1 I% z) E5 r. c+ R
$ R" O6 i7 C+ WEconomic Intervention
+ n( r. J, w( f. | 181. Reverse strike6 Z* U* d. |. K* o6 ?2 A4 A
182. Stay-in strike
! m) v; | Z0 u. Y, {- { 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ U$ w3 W' [, }5 ^4 ^3 Q
184. Defiance of blockades: h2 i# W, R$ B% b
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 A0 u0 @7 h- n# c
186. Preclusive purchasing# v& T4 o, F g
187. Seizure of assets
9 V( p8 s5 ?$ F: c 188. Dumping
% n/ U/ n* S; s, v 189. Selective patronage
4 b) D- U7 m2 C5 N; y4 z1 A- n3 D 190. Alternative markets9 J9 K# Z9 R M
191. Alternative transportation systems5 U8 r- w+ k$ p4 g
192. Alternative economic institutions! @$ }- Y3 J6 a1 U
5 g M" I. X% N* ~0 L4 [* [3 F
Political Intervention9 W6 z( I! i" j l5 t
193. Overloading of administrative systems& Q: v0 u' @% W% @5 G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 z! C7 e/ `: P4 x& J; L 195. Seeking imprisonment& K4 @0 {8 T( [5 c
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* ?7 e" r7 _- V* U; U" i" j 197. Work-on without collaboration
4 _! q9 L) g1 F( T) W& w, P9 q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ u# M: _% i" F3 O9 }9 T
0 u3 x3 y) m2 |7 v1 b. J/ C |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
