 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 L3 g0 N: z/ ^, O4 S6 `6 w
Formal Statements7 c) f2 v, ~* y9 k Z+ o
1. Public Speeches# `: @. }* {2 { e. @5 B
2. Letters of opposition or support# f# X6 o; c7 {1 F6 e
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% b e1 s# O; Q/ \- }
4. Signed public statements& f1 X* s! g# O1 r% A( z+ g; Z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention: T; e* \2 q# x' z! ?. ]5 b# s M
6. Group or mass petitions" t( T* F$ |& r/ e! E, Q
f6 S3 j9 p+ B( F1 s" \Communications with a Wider Audience2 e% F/ e- X W. f
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 `0 `/ _7 g7 q. v, u4 v5 l 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications3 F) g/ ^* p1 m% M. l* U
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books M6 J, w, W% y+ ^
10. Newspapers and journals
( h* s( F7 N9 L6 H) e& A5 }: _( ?2 i2 U 11. Records, radio, and television0 [; A2 p( O7 M# e
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" {$ M' Q9 l, |0 J8 x8 V7 [/ g
0 K) Y2 U- }2 U* _5 F0 H6 b; UGroup Representations
e1 d& T9 D) C. x; N 13. Deputations
* ?! S" P# O. N0 D 14. Mock awards
4 a8 h# X! A' [: f& O0 ] 15. Group lobbying
1 C/ j$ c# p3 p R+ I4 G" }$ c 16. Picketing. I( M( T: m6 o2 E$ w7 X: ~
17. Mock elections
2 V! k; ?1 {4 `( Y- Q2 C( x" {3 x
* W; v2 f7 f) t: ?+ R9 b" I% aSymbolic Public Acts
7 Q4 `& u5 T& I2 r 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 g/ {' h- k( C$ s' E. N 19. Wearing of symbols
: H5 e ^$ P! X4 n 20. Prayer and worship
2 M1 W+ N F2 E7 c; }, {% S7 h 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 y2 w+ q" h- u) i5 O4 ` 22. Protest disrobings
& _& K' a* X7 V3 { W: z' A 23. Destruction of own property4 o; v& k* t. ?/ e# n l) c% x8 m
24. Symbolic lights
- ~% X+ |* a+ j1 L7 a# q: G3 \( |! G 25. Displays of portraits
; q5 J5 k( ?6 |( q6 z 26. Paint as protest
! v' J4 W+ w, x" I6 G' h6 D 27. New signs and names
4 \2 i; {0 n# z3 S. C 28. Symbolic sounds
7 Z' r2 K# w/ n0 i+ l9 r- X1 Z5 A0 A3 ^1 z 29. Symbolic reclamations+ P4 Z' g, V" t3 ]
30. Rude gestures
& u& S& h+ t2 O0 s1 x9 x2 D$ [+ }4 N( t! |
Pressures on Individuals
5 D; K) d( n6 A6 H 31. “Haunting” officials: N4 n% b! X, x' F1 r
32. Taunting officials
; ~* U" [, Y" I5 z/ V( B e( T$ L 33. Fraternization
7 h+ F" X# J! G4 ~ 34. Vigils9 S8 b5 R9 T- W8 X8 c0 `* i3 T
$ @% I# ]" m+ h' Z4 O$ M# ?Drama and Music+ _5 B! o5 A+ X3 }7 ]- I7 h
35. Humorous skits and pranks; M B$ T# i8 S$ h
36. Performances of plays and music( ~3 N* h+ k- E6 b9 l: S
37. Singing2 f* q- p& Y) C: H, v) b U
0 G, Z- k8 B1 j6 t" w$ |Processions8 j0 |9 J% F) P! Z1 S/ @/ f: ?
38. Marches2 w! f3 }, l, n5 t: K) h3 q
39. Parades, A. H% v) H* Z! R. B4 ]8 B
40. Religious processions) l2 k/ H# q) V! J" ?
41. Pilgrimages
8 I3 }9 b; I5 L9 C2 {9 P. V 42. Motorcades
! O: I6 N+ _ f; H( ?) z" b
$ \' w7 _7 s5 ^" s0 f e& iHonoring the Dead
. E+ O$ N% t: r! D( l 43. Political mourning/ g# T: d' b* ~& j+ v- L
44. Mock funerals" Q6 L2 M1 z3 t$ Z+ g
45. Demonstrative funerals, l' U+ i3 a% q' b' M" p1 C+ P, l: Q
46. Homage at burial places4 e9 p* H9 F8 {+ _; ~# w, H* T
: `! ^$ W' E: Y0 R0 |! u* V+ ^2 P
Public Assemblies
" ^, e( K& c/ D+ z( Y( ^ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
~7 M( [/ y3 Q/ V) ^% | 48. Protest meetings, R/ D+ e$ ?) P6 D9 M9 K1 D; ]- Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 m) d8 C5 E: t2 m3 _1 c7 M( w 50. Teach-ins4 T! o4 W. l* [6 H6 |* E4 `
0 l0 ^7 f) \+ S- i+ QWithdrawal and Renunciation
) ]" I" |/ n* a* l/ s 51. Walk-outs
0 Q2 E6 T% g) D: r- l; W4 x: J: { 52. Silence
! T1 p. q2 W' ~, ~, H4 B 53. Renouncing honors
' K% ]+ F, m' }: \) C 54. Turning one’s back8 K- I0 `* U; } F
5 B$ p; s6 Y& f! _7 i7 r8 o
( X. s0 C) d" Z2 c' K: z! y# {4 X! K9 I4 q k$ t: F, w
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 |3 |/ o, @* ^) T3 t0 B6 V- s& H3 z C6 s. `% H" e+ M
u% e3 k3 B& F3 Q. F9 g c! X
& j0 L2 ^8 { k$ J9 EOstracism of Persons
2 [5 F6 u) n& v% P5 t' g M 55. Social boycott
1 B% i9 s! t( L 56. Selective social boycott
( k' |- X) \1 n. Q 57. Lysistratic nonaction5 O' J. ^4 ^; Q) K4 r/ S* r
58. Excommunication
; x7 W# Z( K# t1 s( `2 w- L 59. Interdict
9 t- c" `5 \9 I" `; V4 l* K% h! Z/ E4 Z G
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 X! p9 I4 i6 |6 i
60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 j& @/ S3 `( G h
61. Boycott of social affairs3 @) B0 F3 K" g' \* v
62. Student strike
. b( R& f' r( |) q 63. Social disobedience& h8 l& j4 Q* M
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 R2 m. Q. ~8 o3 \& z% ]' ~
1 R+ T/ @5 u# \% XWithdrawal from the Social System) w5 T3 G/ Y% h* {4 r& q8 s
65. Stay-at-home
: T& @" Q* _$ @- x8 Q$ T 66. Total personal noncooperation% A& o% m* ^2 F, H/ v3 I$ K* k5 m
67. “Flight” of workers# U, O0 k7 q; G) d
68. Sanctuary: [0 j, V4 N# t/ C
69. Collective disappearance# u* } r6 d: u! a- r
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 C. \4 |+ d* c r% I1 t# _# u( p
$ G4 b: }% l8 c/ T, }. ~" s
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& m B, {6 L( B% w( ?& z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
' D7 v( N% s) B# n. Y+ \; J+ x$ U6 M4 b
7 C" L1 l [1 n2 PActions by Consumers
% |! @6 _1 k- [( y @ 71. Consumers’ boycott6 X* |& T. c& [2 x# q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 o! O v ?/ p. p& F" ^
73. Policy of austerity) j: q' X3 F7 a
74. Rent withholding
) Q) {& c* c+ p$ W _& X 75. Refusal to rent, v V( n$ o5 E' e
76. National consumers’ boycott- e2 {$ e: o8 h; c1 q: v8 C
77. International consumers’ boycott
! O( h% H$ r8 C1 T* B- V
2 Y/ c, S3 r" ?* d y3 d( v# A7 t8 SAction by Workers and Producers
% [1 y' A S$ T 78. Workmen’s boycott
! \$ g* G% R+ G4 l# J. [3 d 79. Producers’ boycott
- g, |2 }1 l7 k l7 b5 e( w) g5 E9 v- H8 p0 K, B
Action by Middlemen- c* k8 F! e: h: k$ `+ [+ o# q j
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 j7 S2 }6 z# q8 |/ m: m) e
! h* D) ^+ Y) v+ H, P8 N
Action by Owners and Management
2 `7 K1 z- E" _ 81. Traders’ boycott4 C* N2 Z1 _) m% s3 a n4 H; O
82. Refusal to let or sell property
, G' W- A( b3 ~6 L' B 83. Lockout1 J$ P& Z) _% w* B( U; U
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& u+ {# @: D; |1 I* M( s 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ ^8 i$ @1 \: ~) G* d
8 `+ }9 D9 J- B0 eAction by Holders of Financial Resources
* a9 Y A( T4 _! F1 u 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ q5 Y) Z# L) y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 t+ }$ d: {; ^" G( i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 y9 Y2 X% G# V( H 89. Severance of funds and credit
5 O2 s# U2 ^- C/ h2 E 90. Revenue refusal; \, x% z0 h- F$ Q& Q' X
91. Refusal of a government’s money V7 U4 S4 V; @' ~" C- v6 G6 [
7 l* y& x! G! J. b1 H% n* `* G5 w
Action by Governments
9 t9 c2 @ V& n+ A6 a1 B5 s* c 92. Domestic embargo
7 Z% | O. L* h0 Z; b 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 j' h$ K" I* ^ X( o; a7 M% k- c e7 c 94. International sellers’ embargo
- |: m$ ?. h1 @! F5 S2 c( X0 ~ 95. International buyers’ embargo$ g/ w. ~$ Z0 a
96. International trade embargo
' x" T9 t, S; w$ P# }4 \. J3 c; K2 k! Q: i: o
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- p& Y8 T& y% ?0 ~5 F0 aTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 ~7 r8 r( o$ R9 ~& `! U
6 y7 ` r( C" ]* g/ i: n
- y @+ s8 d5 d6 D' VSymbolic Strikes
' r/ }4 k2 ~6 C5 x, y 97. Protest strike
- i$ _7 X6 j7 x8 [. u 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 R5 t0 A" I$ C8 n, }! v! j
: c7 ?* [- Z; N( S
Agricultural Strikes
) F1 V1 h9 g. F4 |, c+ V 99. Peasant strike1 v2 c4 s% y4 ~) K4 j; o- K
100. Farm Workers’ strike
- K4 n/ S$ _# _& c$ U' N# ^6 p; i4 a! X& S0 d+ ^
Strikes by Special Groups
/ N* B1 U0 n0 ?, p7 ] 101. Refusal of impressed labor# e0 e+ t5 u C+ m+ B p
102. Prisoners’ strike
, g* [* B F2 D9 w2 }- s5 c 103. Craft strike
( n! H9 B! y+ n u1 w4 I V6 M 104. Professional strike
5 T: b6 d A* [0 C8 y% X/ v* T3 r$ q1 y7 U; i4 n; I! n' u% w
Ordinary Industrial Strikes4 _5 E7 y6 l- U( a/ x; {* t
105. Establishment strike: N; k4 x6 A. s: s' o# ? D: F
106. Industry strike
7 m' y) l8 Q0 E5 l0 e/ M 107. Sympathetic strike
6 c* }2 @/ Q8 V0 g( G
) O/ Z* A: ^% s' m+ U1 G/ r3 C+ ZRestricted Strikes# ?2 i8 T) t# h7 ~$ Q3 E
108. Detailed strike
0 s- [3 i- _; ?" o, W 109. Bumper strike
w7 s% C* |5 f' L 110. Slowdown strike% ^6 d" ^7 e8 d; C' y P
111. Working-to-rule strike
' Z* F% v/ ^% r) w 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)* \7 C# |+ C$ ]" m% ~6 {
113. Strike by resignation" [6 F4 s* V+ b+ N7 V+ n$ k
114. Limited strike& s Q6 \# U2 @: b& i1 u
115. Selective strike) r0 h! S b: d0 ]* W2 T o4 _
$ n# K6 p' U: P5 W4 e9 w# r
Multi-Industry Strikes6 q6 J8 B9 x; v; U; A
( v V" k' I& @
116. Generalized strike1 P( U0 P; w8 } U/ l
2 Z' J* \% ~) I# B( r8 G; e( X8 I 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* o/ K9 E+ b' P* a$ U9 M( t/ { Q1 z, i P3 ?( d( r& L# o/ T7 J
118. Hartal$ k F# ^. i: _ {2 D3 `, B
- T( R Y' l& ~" ~# @* ~$ V 119. Economic shutdown7 u e4 @+ s! M; Q& l" ]
2 I% P( e0 p- i: R5 @0 h, W
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ }/ `: Q4 s- r% D/ u1 w7 ?Rejection of Authority
8 D, S. M0 b- H9 ^& N( o, b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' i" @5 j7 f+ I% R# u" V 121. Refusal of public support6 f C' A! k. R0 i0 }1 D+ N
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ y! j2 m5 R2 v1 v
+ U& q# ~* Q" U. C6 f! K) P
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 _8 o& _8 {( W. L 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
V3 j V6 K/ i- r 124. Boycott of elections
' u. r' V$ l! L/ b: \ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 G8 P6 `$ L2 ?. ]( x+ B/ z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ E0 F2 d t) V0 a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& e$ M# V. Q: ] 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, {" P+ y% p2 F3 ? 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 I7 V @. Q! G2 E4 V) J
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# f& `. S7 d8 t9 a( e3 C( r/ X1 k
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- T# w' H4 Q" z5 F e- `
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# W& W& \8 _6 h. X/ F* [
% y+ u7 X# i% U, [6 F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' e2 o6 ]- f3 |0 y) u7 e
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; I, [ n' S) b2 K* [9 r) G# J3 m 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ y6 r# e& R5 p
135. Popular nonobedience
, V" {( U5 z$ q" b' i4 Z1 N 136. Disguised disobedience
3 U/ w7 c5 W& h) X 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" e6 A3 v( D% |4 l g2 s 138. Sitdown
4 w+ |/ e: G8 k$ I( w0 q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& Y; T" {$ |" X2 `3 @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
8 Z4 S r" t+ t4 S; h 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ W; ^0 G' F. W" m4 E, `' J2 E9 r" g$ ?1 [
Action by Government Personnel
6 ^, T4 T. A4 Z' B 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ P! T" H' W! {4 R 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ y/ ~3 s1 _+ o$ }( U; W 144. Stalling and obstruction q+ Z( A- z9 G2 X5 p$ N4 U
145. General administrative noncooperation
# C9 a' }9 O% R: ]" [- v O$ Z/ j& f$ N
146. Judicial noncooperation& V l0 L: E$ |
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& O& x6 d0 B8 Q4 \! I9 Q
148. Mutiny
; c* U% m( Y/ O& Q% o) f! {5 K5 @Domestic Governmental Action
7 S) k3 [" U' U9 d$ D2 Y/ u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 d: X& @. ~9 w c) N4 M
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
, i5 `0 J8 g1 }1 }3 Y4 \7 S! Y" K( Q
% P T% m, g! N+ o- H3 {: L9 rInternational Governmental Action/ }( v$ ]" g5 }1 `
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ R( e& t1 L+ L0 t/ o/ ^ ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 q" [3 _/ Y9 Q. x- j' L6 c9 D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 l r J4 R# K) z [; c' t. x- p 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
N1 v7 u4 |/ s8 \. G3 d. d 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' K- Q' F1 X. N S8 l' Z9 W" C; P 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; D/ w, |' L# l/ Y" ^ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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; T5 l5 j% X5 ?- s* X ! V- l7 |8 `2 X# W& F
8 O J. e; n/ f% d( a [6 s
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ @2 h' Y& C8 `6 v; L
- f( h/ a2 S- o' u7 p* L / ^( s: J" E ~& l$ C' p# O5 _0 j
Psychological Intervention
+ u! r9 `# C9 B) o; C 158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ L1 V# @: q/ R3 H3 M 159. The fast
0 {4 C5 @/ z$ y% G7 ]9 U3 s a) Fast of moral pressure
: r) b+ D* O7 \0 \- m, r% J5 r$ C5 F1 i; e b) Hunger strike
5 ~1 w! q0 j* n# M8 ^8 _% \+ H c) Satyagrahic fast! K5 `* a% q. l, l
160. Reverse trial
; g+ W0 q$ x! ?2 B 161. Nonviolent harassment
8 {4 i' R+ ?% O! C9 j) y7 i4 @/ a7 j; ~5 H: R2 z+ U3 E& Q9 |3 l
Physical Intervention
# x, z2 n* h, L& n, Y. t# k 162. Sit-in
- z1 v( G" g2 _& S1 i) v 163. Stand-in- C% P( z; f. b- G0 X+ s5 ]( ]$ X# [8 w
164. Ride-in8 N% T, N! ^# R8 s) {
165. Wade-in' ]7 d S! M" j
166. Mill-in1 f2 f( }. f& S8 u: R5 a0 L
167. Pray-in7 N3 R% L' {$ L. X. T
168. Nonviolent raids
6 `4 x. a; ~! i1 h' F( R0 D 169. Nonviolent air raids" C( Z. ]* ?, ]
170. Nonviolent invasion$ I8 E& L6 Z/ ?2 t% s, `6 {3 l
171. Nonviolent interjection" D% r" i/ n# q5 j: i
172. Nonviolent obstruction) X' G* ^4 Y3 t! x) v
173. Nonviolent occupation
$ a- s% W& o2 n7 o7 ]: ?) j4 I" U( m3 R
. H( S7 e4 d+ R9 LSocial Intervention1 m3 ?# s y3 ]
174. Establishing new social patterns# T9 h" N/ I: A7 A+ ^) l
175. Overloading of facilities% A1 d; ?: b6 W/ ]! P
176. Stall-in! l: @7 ]1 ~5 `# w8 F
177. Speak-in4 z: r9 E4 }2 {: r+ y5 b
178. Guerrilla theater6 d0 Z9 |' {; D" V) V( h# J
179. Alternative social institutions
) h5 W7 M# T8 q 180. Alternative communication system2 I Z, r2 l$ g% H/ j
+ X3 A* Y7 A/ S0 i
Economic Intervention+ o+ o' x' X! |
181. Reverse strike
; h4 C) V; X7 f0 [ 182. Stay-in strike% P4 m# D. k, j7 M. J' d1 a0 v
183. Nonviolent land seizure6 h+ D G% u) x; n. g" j
184. Defiance of blockades; W# J" s! M$ Q# r& M
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& J9 B) v, Y/ M/ }6 J 186. Preclusive purchasing* f7 @& j4 O4 p- t
187. Seizure of assets
8 |; z9 O; c O4 p" y3 a h4 r 188. Dumping
" Q$ R6 a9 |8 B" V& u 189. Selective patronage+ r: e" d2 _7 _! H6 `1 }, r7 O
190. Alternative markets6 F+ B% }# s6 M% v8 E- ^
191. Alternative transportation systems
7 F$ k; ^1 J9 D8 k 192. Alternative economic institutions
, [6 o; b! N1 r" X0 D9 g) Y. Q9 p2 w: C0 Y
Political Intervention0 {% i! a+ f3 o9 I0 w
193. Overloading of administrative systems+ E8 I! b5 g( v4 X. K- H# R
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* m& H* N" G# @# D; [- m0 G 195. Seeking imprisonment
5 u, Z8 o d, U! k 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
6 u. E- i N' K* s, j3 n2 [/ z, O 197. Work-on without collaboration
( m+ g3 q7 [3 s) ^: _& z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" c6 m2 A! s; M S" ?3 o
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
