 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 V5 C' [: n- l7 }Formal Statements
) a$ v, D/ q3 O7 w2 ~% e% U9 a7 ] 1. Public Speeches; N3 }, }: i4 H
2. Letters of opposition or support. S, K9 r. }* x( i V' U7 X
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 [3 L' ^; o$ Z! j0 T! n1 }
4. Signed public statements' y$ o6 I. r( m
5. Declarations of indictment and intention. |1 u8 z) m* f9 k- W ?$ b
6. Group or mass petitions7 L1 [2 ^+ O' u. J
: R0 f- L( o! x- T. O5 TCommunications with a Wider Audience
8 v! [: q a d4 O6 h 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: x' ]( r2 U# j
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 z" ?1 K4 T4 W( ]. A8 }: y. e$ Z+ [ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: D9 C) @% a3 J' Q9 X 10. Newspapers and journals, b9 n( {) K3 {2 c, B/ _& G7 [
11. Records, radio, and television
# j' y% Y- t1 w. I! a1 K) t; L 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ B) ^0 f4 p) `) Y8 U! K, N$ c, a3 h; d% B7 v
Group Representations; W; Z1 F- T1 N! _% N$ v
13. Deputations
I2 D& [" c7 |# n6 |9 I! c% T2 H 14. Mock awards8 f+ |/ A& v+ `6 K3 A
15. Group lobbying1 ?. v2 ^) i* L/ v
16. Picketing# q# Y/ s1 b1 q) r3 y( H0 M
17. Mock elections
! Y6 \ O; L1 y' A1 o( }! H/ E, X% x& v8 ]
Symbolic Public Acts4 R) }. d7 P1 _/ v) J+ f
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 U& R1 ]& s4 m# C7 X9 O. n8 P
19. Wearing of symbols: d3 i- h1 [' B* r
20. Prayer and worship
! g9 s. F: f3 N4 J$ A" u 21. Delivering symbolic objects
/ s6 H+ d; `! G 22. Protest disrobings
& z: L6 r, M9 I/ d: c 23. Destruction of own property
, M# k( n% B: z 24. Symbolic lights I) _$ [* c* B! h6 d5 [) E) M+ k
25. Displays of portraits3 }( R8 J4 Y$ o6 R% H8 _& {' F9 s/ R
26. Paint as protest) v3 E, u+ c+ @. F
27. New signs and names2 U; F. N( X- P/ J& n8 Q
28. Symbolic sounds
+ l2 b/ x: L' p 29. Symbolic reclamations3 P* b- d: N6 H
30. Rude gestures8 Y0 J0 f/ z4 c# K! w+ S" l4 j( F. M
7 `# x* O/ U! _5 a; ~) |
Pressures on Individuals
7 a, I# K6 M. \ 31. “Haunting” officials
5 _7 q# w. B2 A- u/ h 32. Taunting officials
0 R7 C) v( K% T8 |3 X& c 33. Fraternization3 v6 f0 K, h+ |7 b& v9 N
34. Vigils
: Y2 O! H' d$ i" n: O- _
* X8 N1 S; p0 V# n: z4 [0 V& qDrama and Music0 c- L5 S3 H) q4 }5 q+ w; [
35. Humorous skits and pranks, a3 J, S1 L1 S, e! F
36. Performances of plays and music
4 C9 V [: Y4 t: T7 D6 B+ G6 A* L 37. Singing
; K% T2 T' U+ X3 ^. Q2 @8 I- w* w$ r+ k. h `
Processions
' n4 ~- y# z& A1 `5 h9 ` 38. Marches
" f4 h# F- ^% O 39. Parades
2 e7 }6 b- a) M" S2 j# T 40. Religious processions
9 T! y1 r, C4 A' u$ a 41. Pilgrimages
! w% [2 j- }, T8 X 42. Motorcades4 i3 N2 d3 J; j" K
2 J- a; H7 y% K7 IHonoring the Dead6 U2 T6 n: `3 a+ n
43. Political mourning
" G) u* C1 U5 B* d7 Z 44. Mock funerals, R1 R, v s \2 y! c$ f
45. Demonstrative funerals
* |# E2 h$ F7 r) j 46. Homage at burial places
. J( D) r: r5 D% c, Y0 b
: @+ a0 s; {2 n2 N* G' P7 iPublic Assemblies
8 h( B9 A# ]4 G+ H 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* Y8 q, p$ S5 |; F9 X! P 48. Protest meetings
^( `* l2 ~* R! j. j6 A 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) W$ m) [2 x: ^$ M
50. Teach-ins$ V8 ^* u6 A1 h) F
3 f! }0 D9 Y* d$ `
Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 p8 @) E$ E$ o) L0 Z% N 51. Walk-outs
$ l3 [ y8 v- R. x* ~4 i 52. Silence x8 |8 ^* h: h! ~5 i
53. Renouncing honors
# A0 E+ [6 k0 u" I 54. Turning one’s back
/ m3 ?' I" J0 |% J' I' V: E
* y! F7 H \9 ^( W, y
( X- L+ q6 p& I( H- Z* a7 U# U6 B6 z* L: j8 o- k0 A3 c
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
( i+ z1 V2 o( A
4 h3 ^3 N( i# v( B' B1 J# ?7 P $ o) R$ W1 [' w+ X7 g, `/ o6 o
$ k$ ^ a4 ` i1 H3 }. `
Ostracism of Persons
- W2 M; x+ Z. b- ?/ {. u; | 55. Social boycott
+ C3 d! j% x, O 56. Selective social boycott
/ p8 @- U9 s8 \1 ` 57. Lysistratic nonaction3 ? t" o0 O9 p
58. Excommunication
# G, \7 g& v, X2 j4 m- m' p 59. Interdict% u( K1 |6 z# ?: r0 u
$ J1 `/ n+ J$ E5 e
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) [8 r# H9 n! V& [2 W
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# \7 c! d5 M7 D 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 L* p9 J! ] x 62. Student strike: B2 q4 `" ~$ H3 d/ G& o# r" u
63. Social disobedience2 [3 }6 c( S3 Z# A
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
e- B$ u6 G' E& T
3 V; L" |+ O, iWithdrawal from the Social System" _5 H6 f4 B; Y+ b# w2 x
65. Stay-at-home0 @4 y# n3 R! W% w( @/ H! b
66. Total personal noncooperation
* ~) ~/ X7 b$ S/ t 67. “Flight” of workers
/ X5 l) ?+ z# K7 A 68. Sanctuary
$ L/ J( {2 U% o% G9 M- G; w 69. Collective disappearance. E( @0 G& N H# d/ h7 S
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
, H- v9 Y, k; X( E/ a6 C: Q. O: Y5 q) _! ?( f
2 N! \% B3 a7 f" m( X( g y, e! g9 O7 W5 M
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ x/ Q9 n& U+ t3 U2 _0 t) O/ M1 D
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Actions by Consumers
/ c. H3 g1 s9 X, [) L+ \ 71. Consumers’ boycott" x$ i% Y. _# a
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ Z2 R a n; S, ^8 n3 F8 }
73. Policy of austerity8 g' ]; u0 f6 ?
74. Rent withholding4 L" X) M8 X* t1 g" t! |6 n3 l5 b4 G
75. Refusal to rent
2 Y J2 ?; H$ e8 s Q% J) `; r0 k$ Q 76. National consumers’ boycott
# ~; I* t% p. S% V7 L+ J 77. International consumers’ boycott( e* y+ M( X; `; W$ {6 V
4 x% [2 j3 Z3 t! B
Action by Workers and Producers
, Z$ Q6 d q6 f7 L3 g2 o1 { 78. Workmen’s boycott& T) v& u2 I: n4 }8 m1 E2 b2 T( J
79. Producers’ boycott9 T X# c( H/ n. W7 [
5 C3 F# {. ^' k' G3 l4 C
Action by Middlemen/ r) J" y1 `4 [1 g+ l! P
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; A8 m0 t* D; y0 R" s
S, U7 ~( o! s& L+ o* z5 D0 T6 T. d
Action by Owners and Management
k0 x- _% ]2 f2 m3 ]+ i 81. Traders’ boycott7 _( b2 w* W1 A, {* U, I/ `, m
82. Refusal to let or sell property7 k* u3 U* K0 z; a8 a
83. Lockout
$ i- h5 \9 ?' ]1 p5 f* t) }# d 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& d5 q; I( L8 e! L9 c2 V$ ~9 H4 L 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( Z. F6 L% O; a
7 I6 H7 f, `2 o1 Y& {! s/ \# oAction by Holders of Financial Resources
7 K. m# ]4 P1 z1 Q2 a- ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, B% R! e' J& P u: v 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ S0 J9 Z) j( g8 K- S 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; M0 ]2 R7 `1 M$ o
89. Severance of funds and credit) T6 `) I' ~/ i! ` A
90. Revenue refusal. C0 s! c% r& n6 g
91. Refusal of a government’s money
( ^( j6 k0 }/ U7 u. v5 S" ^. f* _& z- y0 @' `
Action by Governments
; c0 \9 n+ Q2 o' P/ y; G 92. Domestic embargo" g; y# i4 d' z
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 W U) ?; R1 P 94. International sellers’ embargo
! t( M2 l0 |/ q4 C G 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 E: B( U+ ]/ K" K 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- R( w# z5 d# j1 j A
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Symbolic Strikes
2 x0 T0 | m, g! M+ Q- m, S8 | 97. Protest strike. Q. c" j& [$ N5 K6 h
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): D5 {2 q; y4 ~
8 e; C+ W/ d9 }; H) _
Agricultural Strikes5 F( N8 ]$ P/ \3 J( }/ M: H
99. Peasant strike
4 ?, [4 ]3 g. W8 k* t1 O- C% y/ d7 e 100. Farm Workers’ strike2 S4 F! m D1 M( t( I: C
+ m' @. `+ R# L. f u
Strikes by Special Groups
" V/ u& h/ m: o b# q _ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ A: v+ ]7 c0 v2 O3 }7 v1 D 102. Prisoners’ strike
- D: x+ v7 I; g. |0 `4 S5 j: { 103. Craft strike
7 B' e0 V. `& P4 }& S) I 104. Professional strike
/ W x, ^) a( U$ U6 p
5 e) D% g! ^$ c& \3 H6 e4 h2 ZOrdinary Industrial Strikes
8 \9 K) Y5 ]( q3 e: m4 W 105. Establishment strike
1 |( O) u* H( s 106. Industry strike: _8 l8 Z2 h5 a+ U
107. Sympathetic strike
* G* D' m9 Y+ ^5 w) f2 Z; _7 u [. X! Q j
Restricted Strikes4 M' w" z# Y- f2 R/ g) @( E
108. Detailed strike. M3 a1 U& K7 m
109. Bumper strike; R/ i- p$ p/ G) Z, s( o5 G0 K9 B
110. Slowdown strike
9 a: u$ _5 K6 y6 L 111. Working-to-rule strike
0 o$ i$ ]8 N+ b K# B 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); O+ g: @2 k( j7 x2 M
113. Strike by resignation
, ]7 c; N) \" M0 K) Z# _ 114. Limited strike
5 X1 k& o) C2 b( R0 O) [3 J X 115. Selective strike
5 M0 n" ~6 {5 r/ X
7 f3 x5 I4 S4 \$ @5 x8 l/ l% BMulti-Industry Strikes
' y: h3 }* j8 K1 k9 p8 m3 w2 Y: \+ x' [
116. Generalized strike
( N# Z3 ?# K2 @( V4 ]4 Y
5 t7 S2 Z( w5 W# K' k% N: I# {4 J 117. General strike0 w4 S6 A: z, e/ M' G. \2 R/ R" D
6 Z& w5 [/ M3 ~. R( c3 F/ `# }Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures" o) w1 f' L$ j0 F a0 D
0 Z1 V- k7 X7 \4 l0 J2 U( x
118. Hartal
# W+ ]- L& ]/ h! X3 w; a, \0 l: m
119. Economic shutdown
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6 q* M$ _$ A3 M0 x. j % N/ [$ Y) s; K' t. j& `( ?' ?
9 S7 H) B9 {, N4 Y! m# D% o3 k6 v2 VTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ o* N' u/ x- I$ B9 j. {( ~2 ^
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Rejection of Authority O/ _1 O0 v( z) q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 I- `' A6 k( Z/ i. `0 C! c1 G 121. Refusal of public support- T2 [* V M" j5 `1 T6 C
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 W `& `4 P/ K
* k6 w$ h0 g9 s2 d7 {3 MCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ N' i# K* t8 v0 @0 S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 Q2 i+ q7 O* X4 K
124. Boycott of elections% n% _/ v( K+ F, K& q) q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* r+ k7 s# s# f( q4 b- p! y+ p 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 x' |4 \* Z, f. I: x 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' k0 n5 p. g' H" Y( T
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- G+ ~, H' u* f$ D* H/ S- h' E( J3 n 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 v& B* U# L1 d/ i6 Z6 X 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 B+ L7 f+ R/ `2 @' U( \$ b; r# c
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& K& n6 a1 t7 @1 ]7 Z. J' P% a' R% { 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions( \7 a6 t! r+ d2 o; ?3 X. H
+ K4 d! y) T0 }4 j0 g, qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience z" u$ M1 Z7 u! ~8 V0 C9 p! [& p
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' l' w, { p# P5 \& P; d4 A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- e4 j' r9 P0 t q. v' o
135. Popular nonobedience
; p; E6 ~! c' Q 136. Disguised disobedience
6 {0 X2 s: M. g1 f/ N5 S! o0 q9 I 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# P2 k1 K2 b6 l 138. Sitdown$ `9 f$ ]9 o0 {/ }7 g/ ] U6 M% t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% W* j9 }1 ?5 c3 Y/ o; Y7 Z' h+ i
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, O' ]$ y2 e( W) `3 C
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* X( |& H* z4 m- B8 e5 W2 B
- f$ U* G. k" u( X7 q) B- e, z
Action by Government Personnel
" v# z/ M( F6 a; [ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' G- @+ ~4 l( N' C- @( G1 u* _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information) _; x% }: b% X
144. Stalling and obstruction) y5 q7 X) l/ O- C0 Z
145. General administrative noncooperation, W/ ]- L& S' {: @8 {
2 o" G7 G7 M, q' [1 p, M 146. Judicial noncooperation
- ]7 y3 m5 N/ e/ B. e% ]% l2 C7 f4 n 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, W7 z/ p: I/ X- r
148. Mutiny
& H. r" m( Y+ x7 T2 A4 O5 ADomestic Governmental Action
. D- @& F! g" t* D5 J 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 w& n* F0 G* ]( i6 l J 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; o1 b0 Q7 ^( _7 V/ o- m9 @! w7 v8 I& m: S6 c1 K
International Governmental Action: a1 o3 q# j8 ?1 | B1 R* N2 Q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 J' \. v4 ]: m 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! u# S6 _$ D/ m3 p, U- m. M
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 t% X8 Q4 m" b% R# V, b
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) z m6 x/ W& c( S1 O 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 v0 ]6 k! B; u
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies1 S6 v$ E& C- v1 f( T3 s
157. Expulsion from international organizations
( ^4 v% `; D0 l$ Z/ P# c0 H% T6 j" \, W- Q. R% j k: P7 G7 n% F0 h5 {
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ }$ r" `9 a$ _6 h
4 y7 r: W8 { Y9 i
6 T9 Z" j2 C C+ V2 v2 J9 `Psychological Intervention+ O% O- V8 B" h/ r
158. Self-exposure to the elements6 `9 K+ J6 r+ j7 s4 G* [
159. The fast
' W8 Z b2 D Q% m( g a) Fast of moral pressure6 B- Q5 @' i. O; L# m$ d
b) Hunger strike
7 I5 u z* ?2 V0 Z c) Satyagrahic fast/ z$ y* F3 f* M) g" ~
160. Reverse trial
s' Z+ J5 ~$ \. t Z 161. Nonviolent harassment
! e, z, P9 ~. [- e7 [! A# s! d8 @; l; D# x1 C* ]2 g
Physical Intervention' @, t' K2 z6 r8 q1 B' K6 [
162. Sit-in; J+ `# s- u1 Y; n
163. Stand-in
2 O B4 @" g+ Y 164. Ride-in
" L0 H% H7 e: i1 q 165. Wade-in- w, V' v' t% C9 m ?6 A. w
166. Mill-in
- C! K* e, [6 `$ U( W F 167. Pray-in
( Q5 M! J5 y. T, E; m 168. Nonviolent raids/ f; W/ |4 _9 t. v
169. Nonviolent air raids, g. o; T n' s4 E
170. Nonviolent invasion6 h$ w+ r: l* v3 V f/ m$ p
171. Nonviolent interjection
' r7 U( |! @" v; L* g 172. Nonviolent obstruction$ [8 r7 I7 T9 ^6 s: c _: H
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention& v: a) R/ X5 [% f
174. Establishing new social patterns6 D: i; W8 B% C5 ]9 \
175. Overloading of facilities
) W4 O$ B d2 Q! j8 a 176. Stall-in
! Y' a s) |- Q: B3 G& f* G, q% N 177. Speak-in; ]9 r+ _4 A: \& H* J8 P$ p: K& O" `
178. Guerrilla theater
, u1 B5 t9 \6 K: u5 q% M 179. Alternative social institutions0 \/ E3 U( P; `4 h4 s
180. Alternative communication system
. q4 @3 S+ r# T$ E
# n) D0 M# [# K! d2 OEconomic Intervention5 k# m# T7 t6 v: p8 G* L
181. Reverse strike
3 W. k% F, _ B% Z9 g) J% u+ ? 182. Stay-in strike, `& l' `" ^; t
183. Nonviolent land seizure L2 k! x! e- z1 v7 ^
184. Defiance of blockades( @# l5 O" u) e J1 X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% a) J3 u& j5 g8 t1 j0 }+ P, i 186. Preclusive purchasing, N1 u$ D! W- U: P* F3 r5 m$ U
187. Seizure of assets- A+ Z2 z( m9 Y. O6 i' E
188. Dumping
# a; n! J. _/ {' A/ i4 T/ X& h 189. Selective patronage' F+ E, @" N4 x$ o
190. Alternative markets3 s$ P7 M0 y( j# x
191. Alternative transportation systems
. C# E$ y y+ D 192. Alternative economic institutions2 w8 w! G2 z7 S0 X* ^* C
% p. Q6 d; V. w. ]( K' W; S
Political Intervention
! T: m6 v9 Z7 Q! x9 C x 193. Overloading of administrative systems. t- \0 y# E" I
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
% U( r, K0 d, L2 Z) K3 g! B 195. Seeking imprisonment% s4 K, Z; c/ r1 `0 X
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
/ q! h2 J9 e* @6 H 197. Work-on without collaboration
6 `; d# m1 N( |( g; u$ B 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
