 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% n2 q. r3 j% F6 C- i# \* l# T( NFormal Statements4 K" \% z U T% Q% l, ]/ S/ s
1. Public Speeches: N5 Q# B- x3 C3 [( r1 w- @
2. Letters of opposition or support/ ^0 L# ~: \' W) L$ l. X1 B
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 U8 j' y9 t$ l/ R( s. O+ n9 m% R 4. Signed public statements5 y' ]" V( \9 A, R+ w
5. Declarations of indictment and intention# O$ A; |# a6 {% q7 s
6. Group or mass petitions
/ l9 {2 c7 k9 W) G0 Y
2 s+ @* P+ G, cCommunications with a Wider Audience
V9 a o5 N3 `$ h) i* x 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; k1 }! l0 J6 r" k
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ A+ X3 N% I- B: i/ D 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: P# @& G$ W- i3 I {8 ]& d1 A4 B 10. Newspapers and journals9 e% `) J, |( _: \' k6 U/ J
11. Records, radio, and television
0 U" I/ O2 f& @4 t" y' p 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
|# t& M* v! K: r7 o% Y; w/ b& N, @1 P6 e; D3 `. h3 t
Group Representations
) y0 c7 T+ W% ~8 p; {* j | 13. Deputations
6 r# m8 k; K4 I, S; h; M% t8 M0 m 14. Mock awards& N$ Q4 O) O; n! u( V
15. Group lobbying0 k1 V: H! T3 _6 _ T+ Y: A6 t
16. Picketing c' C$ P# h1 z8 l
17. Mock elections
! X! V- Y6 p/ q6 W# ?: u. T! k
4 ^* }" Q# B5 XSymbolic Public Acts+ o' d5 w$ ]1 |! m8 M& ?6 J* h
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ y2 p: `' G. _5 f3 K* e7 a
19. Wearing of symbols
7 e4 S% |$ k! J 20. Prayer and worship
0 P i4 W9 k& d( p 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: Z1 O4 I2 O* v 22. Protest disrobings
" F/ u+ z. {% f2 s8 P* O 23. Destruction of own property
" y$ j5 g4 l) \$ q; [0 y" q- `+ z 24. Symbolic lights& O% _+ Q; g( S# [
25. Displays of portraits
& |' f6 m% d& H" W 26. Paint as protest
1 O9 W6 x5 }$ \- o 27. New signs and names
4 r0 _. i7 B3 K8 V/ R9 i; w 28. Symbolic sounds& h! v- m; h+ p: e) d
29. Symbolic reclamations3 [% A: ]$ Y4 w0 @: J2 G; |
30. Rude gestures/ |* Z X1 u6 P" }
) h; T2 B1 ~6 e$ L$ b: I3 f1 JPressures on Individuals. w# |% C! @. |) t+ K1 F
31. “Haunting” officials
: t* H( ~( G. c/ o$ D1 l o 32. Taunting officials
. W# ~2 G/ s, D3 J 33. Fraternization7 G% G1 N* j1 |! _/ C/ Q; X1 R
34. Vigils( X8 n; H A* i- n0 R
/ U1 f' S! }- P; U: r, w( T
Drama and Music
& C( v: R4 G; P6 c# A! W7 Z1 O, t- M 35. Humorous skits and pranks2 [+ T& [: f( ~0 \: b& g
36. Performances of plays and music. z: o3 H8 _% }( Y( @/ q
37. Singing/ o! I/ l8 B' @0 R
4 V7 Z3 z# g$ c7 ^, SProcessions
# b: K! u: _2 w. `9 P 38. Marches
8 h8 L' k1 R/ E& C+ m* U1 t- ? 39. Parades
% M$ g5 n$ X. O' _# d9 w2 ? 40. Religious processions
/ G/ F6 y2 ~- ? 41. Pilgrimages
5 j9 l" B I0 P! V8 L& b) B 42. Motorcades0 H$ ]1 w# D! H) c% @" m+ Y' G
# r8 n I: L9 A& p" JHonoring the Dead# J) J" D) i, X; t
43. Political mourning$ I# j% G: t3 q; a: g! L
44. Mock funerals
, Z& r: C0 L* k$ E$ l) B. ?/ B 45. Demonstrative funerals
8 f7 z$ m4 x* a, Y) a. M 46. Homage at burial places( r% N2 i( ^4 z) R& M8 P
" M. o. @, n3 O" @) E
Public Assemblies
6 h$ n8 S5 C$ V* A 47. Assemblies of protest or support, b0 E# y* n& w! n/ t& N
48. Protest meetings1 ? K$ H! q) _$ M! K/ u
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 G2 u* S0 a- o5 d& Q# X' M' D
50. Teach-ins2 l% ^& f3 z$ g3 A
; H# B ]' M+ r/ s2 O" v+ a. U, ?Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 V ~! |/ v" ^. x 51. Walk-outs
: B- b" E- V/ q* A* b 52. Silence
7 w* Z) W& I& E 53. Renouncing honors
8 B o! z% W& \# o9 |+ { 54. Turning one’s back
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- {' k3 z: M( N- X/ W5 l
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 s# ]) E" @% ~; ?
) a. h& b3 [! m3 e
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Ostracism of Persons$ F& R& a9 f4 E- A) t$ ]
55. Social boycott
; J$ d: ^6 A. r7 ]0 Y$ } 56. Selective social boycott
. R8 M/ P2 k$ K5 j" M6 ?- V) C 57. Lysistratic nonaction
% N, p9 U1 W! Y 58. Excommunication3 h% g, {) C- Z" s
59. Interdict( t1 I9 T5 y9 `2 @
$ Y9 l9 h V* H& FNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 t: E2 G) L9 w2 q4 e3 E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- r5 C. }+ z0 i: K# O; l( b 61. Boycott of social affairs
' P; s& ]9 z6 u/ H3 p6 a0 X# v9 H) Z6 H 62. Student strike$ Z1 Z% U+ ?- b( }
63. Social disobedience
4 |. V/ S& C+ P 64. Withdrawal from social institutions" }- Z. v. A' `
_: S3 z8 w( p# ?8 oWithdrawal from the Social System
3 _1 g) K: {) J3 E" P/ t 65. Stay-at-home) x+ M; o- v6 e b# J
66. Total personal noncooperation) S. y' P1 n$ r1 J3 p( Y3 A
67. “Flight” of workers
0 d3 @7 P) b6 K) @ 68. Sanctuary
% p) j8 u2 W/ @/ s; W" _ 69. Collective disappearance
3 M" P! v; ~ h; @% ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* l9 M' U! [8 M/ ?: B7 A
2 f* j. L3 a8 q & \! W/ K$ p- ~- G2 W3 \/ Y
+ z( D% W" Z3 i: @- P: Z$ kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 |0 ?) m% F# Y
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Actions by Consumers( U. n8 b- }% \/ f' J1 ]2 G
71. Consumers’ boycott1 F! B3 x0 d" e, h3 U
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- B* F0 k# J5 ]1 H
73. Policy of austerity# z3 `& i" d" [9 l6 Z9 z' Z
74. Rent withholding9 ~+ G6 ?8 R$ S8 `6 v
75. Refusal to rent
. {; o- Y }1 w3 z' }! p+ Q; D' C 76. National consumers’ boycott' u6 u+ z$ r$ S( q
77. International consumers’ boycott# s6 ]$ G- m3 X" F' K0 Q8 I
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Action by Workers and Producers6 G7 `: V. _+ ~7 f4 N( W
78. Workmen’s boycott A, r/ H4 Y8 l1 G& J
79. Producers’ boycott; M% X( A& z% e( N
6 J" c. j4 a/ l" q0 `& b& _Action by Middlemen
y6 a/ }2 G) ~ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: T1 z4 a h9 o4 P0 S! H
, [2 k! [# u# BAction by Owners and Management- ~8 f% L6 h1 M. z6 b
81. Traders’ boycott
3 v+ V. N; M/ H; j; K$ y( o! T$ r 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 c2 M4 v& D3 e+ R' W
83. Lockout
- m# u& }: _- s9 X9 C 84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ A* ]/ g/ Y! E5 D
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 I7 A$ [* K8 B+ y+ G$ L
# l( |; D8 ~" W7 Y& ~% GAction by Holders of Financial Resources
+ ?0 P8 r4 E# o" P# [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 b! [* ]7 k4 w2 j8 @4 R% O$ T* k 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. H/ ?' @6 H( |' t 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest k# @- Z, N% I- j
89. Severance of funds and credit
+ |1 c2 U2 [7 m) i/ L+ f 90. Revenue refusal
1 d3 c" L: E$ P% G# S 91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 I" M. P0 i+ U, b2 K4 r, k! f9 ]$ f) E e( f p
Action by Governments
; U- U; X8 e" ]- n: o0 o) W 92. Domestic embargo
! \& t5 E. X/ l: f 93. Blacklisting of traders( A! z1 a) v) T/ c5 d- k% i, L
94. International sellers’ embargo3 L; n+ `$ d" ^
95. International buyers’ embargo
0 [3 Y) d9 f4 o* ~7 q# N% u 96. International trade embargo* I6 p+ j- _6 x5 X, p# b
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3 \5 y& a& B8 G K0 e9 }" |4 W
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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! l; c' S N; R9 f0 s! @; h; gSymbolic Strikes% ?0 O. r& d* ^7 Q0 ?: ^( Q: |7 }
97. Protest strike4 o7 _" g4 U2 v! E
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 g. |) A3 S8 P* u. q1 E$ U7 ]
4 `" M+ u( v* `9 L5 o9 s! U$ B& MAgricultural Strikes- v! }4 \0 P: ?
99. Peasant strike
% p: z+ P! w7 `3 M3 P 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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Strikes by Special Groups+ k% m( l2 ^) c
101. Refusal of impressed labor, b* d W4 R3 h# G
102. Prisoners’ strike
/ d8 P3 B0 H [( I7 e. q 103. Craft strike( L% ]/ `8 y+ W) p/ L
104. Professional strike
5 B, Q6 n7 i8 w0 O7 M9 a* o
( z% V f7 T) W. Z* IOrdinary Industrial Strikes4 g+ w; E! m8 m% \
105. Establishment strike7 z% e1 {% O8 y
106. Industry strike4 G* s) O3 C( u7 l" y
107. Sympathetic strike( w) H- T8 x: ?, f
* k: C. R) [1 Q6 g
Restricted Strikes6 |/ {5 Q5 V6 _5 s9 j
108. Detailed strike
4 k' @6 a7 r% E 109. Bumper strike3 z0 h( |/ j' P3 c$ W2 q+ G4 C: o( B
110. Slowdown strike5 j, I! e) I) F) S2 `1 @( I& J4 D0 ~
111. Working-to-rule strike0 }9 ~/ A& @6 P! z) N3 n3 _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 B4 z( A* x, U w 113. Strike by resignation$ |! @( l! _6 i5 m
114. Limited strike: H* v- D* l% e) j; S1 X+ y
115. Selective strike
/ o: B% t2 k4 g* R& b: t8 z8 ]. c# s$ x
Multi-Industry Strikes) G8 N* {6 ^! ?1 f' ^
6 l) U+ M* }! }7 e: R7 ^4 H/ [
116. Generalized strike s# P. e0 ~1 ~9 q( {/ |3 H( a
8 K: U& g: e8 G8 [ 117. General strike7 t& W( y9 C) k+ n1 \& B7 G
8 \2 q" c) M. D D( u4 I! k
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ |) Z3 i$ L w
# I+ {% B2 j: Z/ p
118. Hartal; h8 j( q! Y6 |7 {& M) Y$ \
' [/ v. S0 d- H8 G 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
$ [- k% j0 V8 o. w' d; l* s- Y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( p/ f4 w% P& |" E) G- M0 G( P( c4 D4 Q 121. Refusal of public support
u& X8 N; x( H; y, F/ r' S7 y, C6 u/ g 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
/ b! H0 y. w+ |+ Z
' D# J! u" I8 v2 G/ f6 [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" O+ S+ P, y9 Z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" X$ I$ Y; ?8 w& d
124. Boycott of elections
; T8 E2 k' m0 c) X7 z1 V* ]- f( v 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 U8 D" \! W' O# Z2 o3 | 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: Z6 y8 W7 o6 E6 _ `/ U/ i& d
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; U7 C5 n1 l3 G E3 c
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% e: ]0 g2 l/ P: w( d- c
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( V0 K. o, I0 E
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* `2 Q( K: A1 G% e; W 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& L+ j; \& K* p1 P4 v; W
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: d9 n. Q. n" @ j2 H: r6 h: I
7 a; x! w, t0 z: b5 R) M, q3 i2 s/ [3 R
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& o, A# }, V, D7 y, g
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 P; U. y: S; @( T# G 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ A2 _$ Y# |7 ?& Z$ j* { K7 E 135. Popular nonobedience% a: F2 _( _& \ U4 i5 V5 y5 l1 f
136. Disguised disobedience% b i0 _2 E5 f& U6 n) a
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 o6 p2 `; z3 G1 M3 E% B& K 138. Sitdown
7 O# k* Y/ Y J4 j; |$ x 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- [) a6 I( a Z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, E ~2 U& ?, `/ h/ Y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 s: z. m2 b0 K$ } c
( K b8 E5 f9 z" \# v' z
Action by Government Personnel
6 e) |! y( L4 m" l! @$ ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 g! ?: Q* z& N c4 P0 f x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
/ |, X' q5 S {3 a$ J 144. Stalling and obstruction
; K s/ A4 O; J0 x0 ~1 [ 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 c3 U6 C% w7 A: v; h( c
. f6 D( r R( k* s" I. \9 t 146. Judicial noncooperation
* D- U! U( T' M& Z7 |6 d- [ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 K4 ~& R1 w% a1 o( [, l
148. Mutiny
: j. L' e# i7 z, V. XDomestic Governmental Action
4 ?0 p& c7 D; W7 k 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- r" M. ]) D- K T1 { 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) Q" n+ S) _5 a L, m
/ {1 `! Z! D- F$ Z( UInternational Governmental Action
2 H1 K$ |1 o# t( G# i1 _# T! N* X5 k1 o 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ N* Z f1 U2 k$ {) ~7 X/ f, h
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 N& T; i( i/ R: j
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# i4 R4 h" h6 ?% s) d! T, { 154. Severance of diplomatic relations* k: a5 ~; {5 P
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- O9 N4 f, y6 w6 u: k/ h 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. R" f6 ?1 I: \9 m3 o 157. Expulsion from international organizations, O& O8 w- E8 b! B- V7 }
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3 U5 N! R% P8 ^7 uTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# u0 w! r; e, h1 n a$ `7 N/ ?
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Psychological Intervention& K1 K' I# a& c( Z B5 \: V
158. Self-exposure to the elements
* ?$ F3 @' k' P% o! A* O! Y W, A 159. The fast
' M0 r8 T [: ]) ~ a) Fast of moral pressure" H g/ ^: ^/ _' b) o8 Q- F
b) Hunger strike
% F6 x' `# U3 I( L: Q) v ~& W8 z c) Satyagrahic fast1 l4 C% p# i: `3 ]8 C7 J7 M$ [) l
160. Reverse trial$ |/ ]9 u9 h- p9 K$ V, v
161. Nonviolent harassment* G7 H$ L7 C. P; ~6 v- m
* w& a4 h9 X( H) W3 Y0 X yPhysical Intervention! I$ X$ [) X; s8 G& Z# p7 i) G
162. Sit-in/ ]/ d' G; s( L; k2 }) d- ~
163. Stand-in
Z+ i5 A2 y$ f5 w; ]+ E! r: v 164. Ride-in
$ G% P. A6 [: t, X2 y' p& Y# W 165. Wade-in& S- m* Y5 A( a7 M. T+ A+ N0 j" K; b
166. Mill-in
; d6 t7 c' `% _ c% h. t" R5 u" H 167. Pray-in
% n* _: y1 x# t2 \$ ] 168. Nonviolent raids
$ d. c5 j/ B9 |/ W) x+ L 169. Nonviolent air raids0 u$ E4 ] t5 J) I+ j
170. Nonviolent invasion; i3 t" r f; E1 }' l
171. Nonviolent interjection
W5 G( L- I' |; a# H7 U 172. Nonviolent obstruction
: O; v% v3 N( q0 I 173. Nonviolent occupation
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6 a0 {- Z# b0 mSocial Intervention8 N& ^# c) ]" E; e; m( m
174. Establishing new social patterns" w7 o2 u4 Y R; o- [5 b
175. Overloading of facilities- L- p' k5 M [. ?8 n5 m
176. Stall-in* J. ~& q) p& E8 ^ r
177. Speak-in d% b4 i; w+ p; _% n/ j3 P2 Z3 ~4 [
178. Guerrilla theater
' ]% @, s) F8 G; k 179. Alternative social institutions
4 \: f; w% o" W1 |% L* w 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
- r) f' u! \5 n+ w 181. Reverse strike A, S& F# V. b1 z3 Q) y
182. Stay-in strike
% _4 G1 \+ o& a# _0 p, L 183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 @/ V/ c( P9 h. Z6 |2 j 184. Defiance of blockades
& k3 _, l% P& K0 |7 o( X 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" o) J! S# `* C0 |; p5 b 186. Preclusive purchasing
% p2 d% e; q) g 187. Seizure of assets$ z/ a( x7 J$ D5 `, b& H9 D
188. Dumping
6 u5 T' t. x0 X8 T! M& ^+ X 189. Selective patronage& @* m: Z; J& ~6 O- D# n
190. Alternative markets9 J9 p# Q3 z& P8 U, [& u; V8 G
191. Alternative transportation systems
' W0 v) y9 K o/ K 192. Alternative economic institutions
; q7 |, j* g j; ~( _# [
" H/ J5 k9 `# X4 r4 N) H/ c4 CPolitical Intervention: e6 A- G# E. `" P, e; I
193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ |$ k! K, C+ N4 {9 L 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# |; p6 N3 ~+ l$ C) O
195. Seeking imprisonment
( c& J) u) m @+ s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* p0 C1 z2 p3 d( j: `( w 197. Work-on without collaboration
( a1 I6 ~9 r; T/ {6 o0 V 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ u; @( j8 x( |. B
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
