 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ e1 a7 f" W* Z8 RFormal Statements7 I5 ?' D) R. R
1. Public Speeches: X2 c& ~0 v8 @$ q
2. Letters of opposition or support8 Y, V; C! g$ |$ S* l! G1 E
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 F& d# m0 j+ `( q' i2 H* C& Z
4. Signed public statements
% E4 }5 y. t" J; C/ E: R 5. Declarations of indictment and intention S( U7 @& c, M T1 q
6. Group or mass petitions
8 l3 e t( l5 w- P4 y3 ~/ N* F9 o, e3 q; O. c- v0 k8 ?2 P
Communications with a Wider Audience; S9 w2 k& @) u- V( b/ y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 K! b- J6 i* r! E0 x
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( f& f* T7 {& s# s. R/ v 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% p* _; d) L( b 10. Newspapers and journals& ], ~9 X: ~$ G: T% D( u2 v+ n
11. Records, radio, and television' s+ N" D" V+ h' u- y' p; F5 N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 ?* \2 _/ N7 N( \
7 z- N- F0 x$ CGroup Representations
6 ?5 y! z2 S2 X4 {, r( U( U# Y4 B 13. Deputations
7 c X9 ]- \% H8 \) F$ [ 14. Mock awards! S" S' \+ O7 H' w% {
15. Group lobbying
, Q+ x; H; c2 Q8 ]8 r2 u 16. Picketing
& \/ {2 p* V% M 17. Mock elections0 H% l. C4 U% } w7 Z r
7 H, m$ D6 @' @; A( X
Symbolic Public Acts
$ I: X4 ]. P8 \ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ h+ d. ?5 n7 n2 [6 g% J 19. Wearing of symbols
7 g. r& w/ g& G; j* Q9 r* w 20. Prayer and worship
7 P' A; C; \5 N s 21. Delivering symbolic objects, T4 E# ? i+ w3 [9 ? F3 {
22. Protest disrobings8 ?0 p# t( [0 u/ `5 R
23. Destruction of own property
6 @( E, |+ Z0 Y1 Q3 `1 s6 v 24. Symbolic lights! Z$ O1 m4 [# M5 \$ O5 o u: X
25. Displays of portraits
, v+ _) J* T R 26. Paint as protest
+ g* L9 Z3 p5 R' \- d- E4 D 27. New signs and names1 v/ i0 l: M; _) n g/ H- F
28. Symbolic sounds5 X- z' O5 u7 `; D
29. Symbolic reclamations" L# b! a2 x' h& M0 M j
30. Rude gestures4 s; S) W( c0 M
- D( x0 S( v4 j* w, ^2 rPressures on Individuals
. h9 h% ?2 S# K7 D 31. “Haunting” officials
) }. u7 `7 l! N) O1 }. P" A 32. Taunting officials( G; ]5 y0 W% P/ U D6 k- ]
33. Fraternization" W+ C* [ \" V' }5 s8 A7 u' K' n
34. Vigils( `$ D4 Z d4 ^' T8 j
: Q* a/ D# N* V0 NDrama and Music/ T0 B) Q; U, \2 F+ s
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ M" \' t0 J" q) O6 c
36. Performances of plays and music* B7 y/ b0 d# |, T4 S1 S
37. Singing' w& j$ w) v7 M1 P$ ~7 v
4 X; r+ `2 d3 m: \5 J5 e
Processions
6 r, P. k/ U. W5 {5 k: r/ W( Y 38. Marches; K1 L" P2 A2 L2 \" a, c" C
39. Parades- A+ v- \( K. U5 U3 h# d+ D1 r+ C* C N
40. Religious processions/ h* Y W8 {4 g+ k g' f3 L l
41. Pilgrimages: @% U$ H8 T2 T2 r
42. Motorcades6 E. I0 q9 S6 U$ E: V/ D
3 {+ w2 S! V) C" m3 L* Y
Honoring the Dead
! c: n: ^, o; X# x6 [6 l7 ]. X8 L# j 43. Political mourning
' M3 k9 U q' u: E. s+ @% S 44. Mock funerals! C% n- \' _- L; C1 J, r
45. Demonstrative funerals
: X6 k4 [8 f2 E# }: R# J2 m) | 46. Homage at burial places1 j) x6 Y2 Q- e
7 e" n# H& l+ i5 ?4 ]# bPublic Assemblies
! z2 a: ~% A- h2 R 47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ |. R* x8 R1 a 48. Protest meetings
8 d( l' y) L: P9 t2 h2 @' j 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 H$ Z8 t# ?: U2 S) ~ 50. Teach-ins
8 Z& Q' z9 v& r, {% O
" }$ Y6 q: t# M3 `: Q* rWithdrawal and Renunciation
( ^# a9 |5 H6 l1 @# F 51. Walk-outs6 W5 i0 |8 J! o$ f& i/ T& t
52. Silence
2 O0 ]+ q1 Z- E/ ~1 A p7 ^ 53. Renouncing honors
8 }* ~% L# l9 C' D) k5 E4 ^8 }8 \ 54. Turning one’s back( Z/ R% Y" n, ?. H5 e
% W& n" C* F& \9 c0 M) f
2 p, p* I: V+ `( P$ W7 \& x
3 r2 _ a o8 z* ] H( NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
; X- N, y8 }, F
5 V- H. Y4 U/ V8 s( ^ ( S6 q' t0 \* i- o" I& {
* B9 ~; p( f/ y7 s& t( z6 JOstracism of Persons
) T: X' c) B+ _+ V) U' s) C 55. Social boycott
$ v" Q) j0 Y6 v% ?5 }) P) Q8 x! z5 \ 56. Selective social boycott
6 s# e1 c6 ]; r0 c( l 57. Lysistratic nonaction- l7 B6 W9 G6 M9 ]. h
58. Excommunication- V1 f8 o: L+ C6 O" K5 A; R. l2 |
59. Interdict9 R9 J) T, X2 G1 t
3 i9 s/ V: j+ o7 ~- d4 O% L+ [* v; U* C
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- d1 o$ N" X# n7 m7 ^ B 60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 D6 S3 y0 K! S. | E" e9 q5 W
61. Boycott of social affairs& r+ F4 w' h! O
62. Student strike
4 M: s% }2 {( r6 R# M 63. Social disobedience
7 X6 `0 P e2 U- G4 I) V 64. Withdrawal from social institutions( d# r- o9 Y4 A' r7 J+ e+ r B1 U$ i/ Y
4 s) k( [& ]) s" U, T4 I3 o
Withdrawal from the Social System; r5 L2 L& w+ `0 u9 I5 z! i
65. Stay-at-home
! s+ C- _: b3 b; I) c7 V6 n7 i6 E5 d 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ Z0 d" T& w' h" h6 |$ C- `* Z 67. “Flight” of workers0 v0 n* S2 e" L3 U- ~, n* p
68. Sanctuary4 ~, D5 m4 r* l
69. Collective disappearance3 u# \1 O$ _' p. l3 w
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)6 D+ w& K9 I( _
% G7 w, g z1 w
: K# y# q( y9 Z/ C- B. A7 W2 [. a: z
$ P3 v8 r, \5 E3 y; w& l P) XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
/ e6 o. o) d ?# E0 r; r4 D G/ w* O2 J8 v, ~7 y4 X
6 K! N8 X! D& j3 q. mActions by Consumers
; L" R+ W& a# d1 Q' ~ ^ 71. Consumers’ boycott7 `6 j2 O! j0 {/ r# m
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 p* n; R, M# W, f* h; H 73. Policy of austerity
# z8 O3 _& g. W( D# ]2 y, m 74. Rent withholding$ C2 V: A4 f8 V2 c+ K* G
75. Refusal to rent% S( Z6 |3 l! X$ U' \$ c+ A
76. National consumers’ boycott& Q j1 n$ @- E2 R! ?
77. International consumers’ boycott
. g2 W0 U* C* t) Q- A* \7 S
" e! G5 S1 j* A) b0 ]4 [1 P# c$ MAction by Workers and Producers/ Q& I9 V- ?' G% U) A: s; a
78. Workmen’s boycott [6 P$ B: h- z& j5 z; j+ Y
79. Producers’ boycott
' U8 R0 \! J9 s! n Y$ v" p
2 o4 t7 j2 r) LAction by Middlemen/ g$ p4 j) _5 B$ Z/ Q5 x; @
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" Y# T9 U* }5 c+ \/ x
J( d7 [' L- H/ tAction by Owners and Management: n4 f; W& R/ m
81. Traders’ boycott* V6 t( B: ]: [ b2 V" E9 p! z
82. Refusal to let or sell property/ P) N: x6 Y- o% b U, z6 ?9 x4 |4 x
83. Lockout
v) O# I! n7 g' M 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ j+ l/ F4 \1 t8 \$ L5 m 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
3 V0 K7 ^% w6 Z/ o. P1 u. J( D, h8 d: D4 C5 u# f+ ?
Action by Holders of Financial Resources2 X1 s/ i1 m! _, T; L& { y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ k& S& w$ z' }( B
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 f' I+ i& q) e. I& O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! R+ C) s' c: S* U 89. Severance of funds and credit/ u, }" u9 U9 k! O6 o0 H' X( x/ ^
90. Revenue refusal
5 b$ C! c. B6 ?8 i5 M% \$ \- U0 j 91. Refusal of a government’s money, z/ G! p: ~. @" g7 S, N
0 z' y$ T) B9 N, g6 z+ yAction by Governments( x/ q5 T$ _* {3 P
92. Domestic embargo6 r% L3 b4 v! a0 r h! h% p- B3 C
93. Blacklisting of traders
0 t X" s2 u5 o4 h 94. International sellers’ embargo
. o" |$ ^6 f; ^$ a 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 e! Q) ^/ W* \0 @ Y1 b; o 96. International trade embargo
4 W) r6 Q: H* V7 M; n0 H( B
8 q" f- [% ?% Q4 [4 F7 h' N
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 S! w1 x% a- Q% S, S' e
! e. A3 J# j; m U4 a
% s! m1 _, W' pSymbolic Strikes
6 y b8 k3 c& j2 {$ r4 H, L 97. Protest strike
6 J* a: \; z! g4 L2 H 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; e- @ v% H0 n) a* ]
" E- y0 b! O# f" KAgricultural Strikes
' O6 A' x& o1 H( i5 U) c 99. Peasant strike0 c# c$ P7 E* m$ W1 a! a
100. Farm Workers’ strike
! d" U" X% ]2 T! X
0 f# a, k0 w- AStrikes by Special Groups. H5 R% J) e% T4 x
101. Refusal of impressed labor Q1 u+ _ d& U g3 a/ ~8 T, ?6 [+ P
102. Prisoners’ strike
4 o o9 e2 O3 F 103. Craft strike+ }/ I6 U* Q8 }: ~/ O, E* s
104. Professional strike7 \0 E3 w2 @% D" U" {# \
9 ]& f. [! m6 W- t7 Y+ n* iOrdinary Industrial Strikes% H- h- |2 D2 b
105. Establishment strike d) L3 r+ S, g$ r4 o0 ^" r3 C8 u1 k& Z' i
106. Industry strike; [; u9 _/ v$ b& s% ^2 d
107. Sympathetic strike ~# }/ f3 P* C
# x Y4 V- @+ H$ x* t! LRestricted Strikes
9 @/ C( o8 S" r& K" b3 w6 w 108. Detailed strike! z2 }! K) i3 I' z$ `
109. Bumper strike! i2 P$ e/ n* U
110. Slowdown strike
4 {5 u- }6 v9 a, O 111. Working-to-rule strike
2 \7 a% R# w6 i7 s: B 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ _& m9 J0 f, s: W* q7 f v
113. Strike by resignation
+ s5 J3 A1 E5 ~' n6 u 114. Limited strike
( i! n7 e& g# z; i+ `9 u7 X9 J, D* ^ 115. Selective strike
$ K. A$ v5 W# K) T& e. `; g. W% B9 P5 b4 E2 V
Multi-Industry Strikes
" ^% K0 b1 R9 m; ?7 `8 P2 S4 A( N: t( s6 ^
116. Generalized strike! F# d! ~6 m5 I$ O# A
6 D6 ?, I: f! C5 [ 117. General strike
/ b7 u: N7 ?; P) m# |( I: R
. s7 y% ^' K- ~: yCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures; t7 M6 K, D: y( F M9 P2 A& P
( C+ `4 {( R. A& b 118. Hartal" J# |6 Q, f- E1 b5 T3 L
8 \/ C8 D0 z! c$ _2 `, |
119. Economic shutdown7 J) @! Y2 K A6 l
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' _. Z5 x: Z( S8 O$ c hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
& \; w4 ^7 `+ f) S' D2 ~. ?: |% q$ [, o* O5 ?
( G' L% R) t4 J# s! f: PRejection of Authority
$ K& o V% G7 h0 h% S6 _1 o 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 v$ j2 ]# {& b' f# m/ h; J$ [) U% {
121. Refusal of public support- d8 [& [: |9 V3 t+ s- c! f
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance S: g* \$ U4 j* W
7 w! Q; i n* F) @( O" ACitizens’ Noncooperation with Government; Z8 J/ `! `1 D6 p+ A$ ]1 B
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ Y" D, _6 H7 Q 124. Boycott of elections* x5 v& k+ ?- H! Z+ N" m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions7 ^& H5 I* s% \
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ G5 J9 }4 U8 _8 ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 d3 }6 _# y, L" F& q* d7 r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: e# G* W* u6 a
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ \/ b M+ b. N( q+ n! Z# g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 U) @' E0 p( D- y/ Q5 K# [; g
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials i7 `( M1 x0 |: Q2 [
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) w! ]! C, `. T
2 w' m3 _- H( k+ ~Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 U- |7 e9 m( ]6 c( R ]# i. J 133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 X7 J5 }0 N) I
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 l# x" O* ~( @3 F/ [ 135. Popular nonobedience
+ \; Y# o9 C* K4 S1 t 136. Disguised disobedience( T7 }0 f0 I& Z. j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 w/ J: k# c r5 @$ J9 ^
138. Sitdown
- | f/ A' Z a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; Y# c# j' U" l3 r u8 o3 r
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( M( X1 l' M" X, h; G# }
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 q+ h- L- q7 d8 t% J
# ?7 @: b$ X$ R2 gAction by Government Personnel
; J5 [/ g- o; k* _) w' { 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* U% Y6 l7 Y+ b$ P
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 ]8 [/ y' t1 { x 144. Stalling and obstruction; m+ J- x* `& [$ L/ h) ]$ Y
145. General administrative noncooperation3 Z* w0 b- k e" I
/ n+ E. Z3 E5 ?% n2 V8 ~
146. Judicial noncooperation
! D) S! b/ u9 }7 R4 r$ @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ @7 A/ H- T: { 148. Mutiny
1 t% T2 ^2 z0 H+ u- ODomestic Governmental Action9 G# A. q6 ~( j! o4 J. Z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 d4 r+ |1 k K A. E- R" c
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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1 w/ x6 h! N$ Z, d7 CInternational Governmental Action
9 k" r. |6 @ w, l; W E+ v( p 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ m& u! ?8 H! G! O
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 ^5 a' l- H; n. {6 V8 _ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) ]: H$ B0 v" _- T
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 D7 P8 b1 r( K: `0 Q2 p 155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 H/ _7 T7 l& Y. {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- x- t5 r6 D% _8 E
157. Expulsion from international organizations0 c6 C- L/ i1 s+ {; t9 [
' A2 q- L/ N! d$ }, C" v! }
1 b9 |4 |8 {5 z7 I0 E
- l* x. m% Y" q; V) G- M; W4 W. yTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
) x# r) E: W+ e B5 [! G& o5 v2 Y6 w' A5 V( b' v! r
. V |2 |* P: i: K9 n3 E5 z2 T8 {6 sPsychological Intervention
+ X/ w: A( G0 N- s: b' \; g 158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ Y& g6 W2 M0 }' o/ R* a7 \ 159. The fast' x( T3 @# \! X# I
a) Fast of moral pressure
5 |# i) } d' U7 ^7 z# M; ?3 w b) Hunger strike
; f7 ~& g3 `. `1 b* d0 u, t c) Satyagrahic fast- n; ~* I8 g) n% s
160. Reverse trial
% ^8 C' J; C8 ]$ z 161. Nonviolent harassment4 H6 u2 @- f/ \( e1 C6 n" k/ Z
% t8 _5 Y5 H0 N8 }2 ZPhysical Intervention
8 P A( ?0 A7 F) f4 a; [) a1 U& ` 162. Sit-in& p% {2 x @- f! X' R
163. Stand-in
% A/ w% i9 _0 D2 c& y 164. Ride-in
$ G F2 Y" b5 D9 X* P 165. Wade-in$ u! ^' F+ t& j( H- L; q- T8 ^2 E H
166. Mill-in
! v2 M* v: o+ B. y5 h 167. Pray-in
4 N2 s+ S" H7 G6 i7 @ 168. Nonviolent raids8 E. M# z! Q+ _ A$ d
169. Nonviolent air raids
& e( ?3 K4 c6 l2 ?4 j( Z- ]5 k4 h 170. Nonviolent invasion2 d; h( z5 a9 Z& g9 Q5 ?
171. Nonviolent interjection
" {. b! d2 P1 o m1 ~$ Y) V$ ~ 172. Nonviolent obstruction" v; B# w8 p& f' M
173. Nonviolent occupation
) I) Z2 [$ }9 s2 D* q1 ^+ r5 k( t5 Q' q8 s$ P' e5 }
Social Intervention) _4 v; O- U5 d; R7 `
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 O7 L$ _6 H: N, d& ~( e) L5 U 175. Overloading of facilities
, K1 M, i% t+ t4 R' I 176. Stall-in
& n# v6 C* G3 I( P# P+ B 177. Speak-in9 A, B6 O3 u9 L" U
178. Guerrilla theater
$ {2 T- K. @. P6 i$ @ 179. Alternative social institutions
+ V; H6 E6 E: g) e/ c8 _0 b 180. Alternative communication system4 L: U D: E0 d% i+ _- W
, M* {1 b, N, P8 d& z
Economic Intervention$ G9 l6 D! u# K
181. Reverse strike- P# x% m, @, ^ h
182. Stay-in strike. R/ T# u& e* H/ r% Y
183. Nonviolent land seizure
% ]: L/ U6 P7 g 184. Defiance of blockades
/ P% x5 Z* j3 X4 m 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ [6 }5 E1 y. ^6 y. c6 J6 L( Y
186. Preclusive purchasing% L( w8 Q {0 H1 f' K/ v4 k
187. Seizure of assets
& t6 K8 v, F0 Y3 X0 e 188. Dumping! x. L0 W" j; Q, ?" k4 K
189. Selective patronage
) y$ @: O4 O ?$ R 190. Alternative markets
1 I% B8 T0 \# b 191. Alternative transportation systems2 x# C) D+ G$ n% c: r Q$ O
192. Alternative economic institutions' R3 W" p( G! F3 Q8 g/ w1 R
8 ^9 v$ k! a! z& Y
Political Intervention
+ h1 k/ H0 z6 `6 i* } 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) p8 P2 t3 J. S1 K' P% l- C 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. F. D1 _1 m8 g
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 V! Z7 y8 M. `, [% Z7 f 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 J! g* ]& s2 i
197. Work-on without collaboration
* E0 ?, `2 Z$ w1 z3 B 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! `/ V0 I! w3 Y1 F$ @5 H
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
