 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! |* W* k3 [* T! {' nFormal Statements
8 i/ C9 o( A$ `8 e8 W 1. Public Speeches& e1 a; u. X$ }; q. j
2. Letters of opposition or support; e( v2 m4 ~9 s' h0 } y2 n4 d
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 s& }6 M) p, F6 \0 ^- y- _ 4. Signed public statements; K, _6 Z! M4 j5 A* R
5. Declarations of indictment and intention: G' h" K K/ t j& U
6. Group or mass petitions7 u) r7 L' ?, V) y
& ~: ?6 V& d9 R8 v) L7 N3 nCommunications with a Wider Audience X3 y; h6 [* q" M7 }
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, P O( ?. Y8 _1 J 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 y: m! @) ~/ `7 R) B& S% [
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 V& D3 G+ C" n; X" Z: o1 w
10. Newspapers and journals2 \: t6 \9 r# Q4 F
11. Records, radio, and television4 |0 k7 c! L8 I6 |
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' W3 ]4 ~: P2 M4 @ k3 e: P. Y6 F& l& `- X4 {+ w
Group Representations
8 Y2 i, h. R$ ] 13. Deputations8 Y4 F& z, }8 A9 v% g. a. @. S! q# [
14. Mock awards
* w, D2 |: O/ y; p3 @ 15. Group lobbying
$ ~$ }' l( v$ d8 g, r 16. Picketing
+ C! w% f+ b% { 17. Mock elections
& ?1 J4 U& \$ W$ D, |. a$ r2 G
% P" d8 g- ~. ^9 p! U1 K9 ISymbolic Public Acts6 u, P# [7 ]) A; `$ _% ]/ L
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. c6 S* m: {3 n n: S
19. Wearing of symbols
! b# [9 L- |: u 20. Prayer and worship
# t: [* H# Q2 ?* ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! p/ a% W% J3 t, Z4 o, o2 t( j: J7 f6 ^ 22. Protest disrobings
1 F0 i5 C& P$ K5 c 23. Destruction of own property& B$ s9 ]+ X' ]8 B( d# t
24. Symbolic lights
) A4 g; C% ~, `8 H1 T4 D; j" r 25. Displays of portraits1 {# }7 ]) s& A5 C3 w+ B
26. Paint as protest4 t/ t2 B; y3 f4 H) A
27. New signs and names8 `% t% ]' Q+ y& k5 c' b
28. Symbolic sounds- o2 l2 ~7 f* }
29. Symbolic reclamations
7 E2 _: ]' F! B; Q" O 30. Rude gestures3 v1 S6 a, F8 {9 [9 x
" Y7 p" R- {+ L5 i
Pressures on Individuals3 \2 x! G( m* p! Z, Q% Z0 _
31. “Haunting” officials
; `" \5 N* E; V1 C' w 32. Taunting officials
# K; Z9 U, F7 w! [) \2 `% j# ^, \ 33. Fraternization+ D R0 Q6 S4 @- P
34. Vigils5 e& O" U; G8 P/ C/ T( D# T
( c$ k9 i( [/ h, s# A" Y: ?1 JDrama and Music
A! O z/ Z0 M- h$ R7 r1 ]0 S, p" n3 b 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 c/ b+ J4 P9 W2 K 36. Performances of plays and music- M" E: l2 Z* u
37. Singing g2 v' H: p+ ^3 ]7 ^% n
& a9 @8 ^- ]" D; P- c
Processions; y3 o8 q- R4 d) H P5 g+ ~
38. Marches$ V3 w8 e" x& @- p" T- Y& j: u5 @+ u
39. Parades# ^$ G% v# v0 c1 E1 v5 I% s! R
40. Religious processions/ N+ D" e* g7 W+ h' n* X" ]
41. Pilgrimages, k" E# S# v; U# { Q5 U3 ?% y4 |: A1 r0 L
42. Motorcades
+ [) N+ X: N W- P* a) ^
) \, @- ~8 z( o( FHonoring the Dead
) K8 y( I( o M3 a: W! Q 43. Political mourning# \, Z7 W: f {+ a
44. Mock funerals
8 O) Q1 C2 z- v. ]( Q9 _) y3 Q$ A 45. Demonstrative funerals
% Z8 r9 q, H" {, J. { 46. Homage at burial places, m- r! j9 e" T, V5 S4 N. S
: b; b: g$ G) k4 ^) x* DPublic Assemblies
6 i# M- @( A7 N4 w3 j$ e3 K, Y 47. Assemblies of protest or support0 m0 [, `4 r4 a) }
48. Protest meetings, c/ a0 G. s/ I: B2 y( c" z1 n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, v/ D6 S$ O' e' c/ u# K 50. Teach-ins
8 l5 N. u( \& X5 p+ y7 Z) Q' Y' }1 w; k' n8 j! u" m; j6 E4 y3 a
Withdrawal and Renunciation) C, y. }- f# Z7 M
51. Walk-outs
: l5 R/ {( r/ h% A- a 52. Silence
# M5 N8 E" Y: }- ] 53. Renouncing honors* c% o% D: [$ y) Q/ T0 L; x, S
54. Turning one’s back, t+ T9 ?* [% v6 z/ T
D- l9 h# r2 a
1 [0 a% b5 o r2 k/ _8 r9 g. e% t& D. O. C6 B$ j- @" z
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 |2 G5 B# J+ c3 m) J- T
3 ]* y% P9 ]/ q( U+ D
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+ }. f; _8 g2 tOstracism of Persons6 d: O/ T, H @4 E0 h; p1 |) z
55. Social boycott, n* ^/ T; r" ]6 H' B M
56. Selective social boycott
& Y& W9 H- l0 _; U& L 57. Lysistratic nonaction& j+ `% B4 B6 Z
58. Excommunication
# T5 ?; f ]& Z. a 59. Interdict
+ }" I1 s: Q% M3 T. e1 J4 [+ R
8 ?) q8 B! z3 a% |4 R! K8 t: UNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: P' x% A8 }8 l4 w' o5 N" b' p 60. Suspension of social and sports activities( W7 S( a: H. C5 r3 A
61. Boycott of social affairs
% H4 X$ z& P8 x( c9 p 62. Student strike
" g* m7 h! \- n. z7 h 63. Social disobedience
% b9 U; [3 g6 f! M& M7 \* f 64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 e/ I; i% L& m; M! T2 P
0 S0 L' N0 H0 G7 u0 ^) n5 l
Withdrawal from the Social System
7 T! U) M0 i, Z7 V9 M4 W 65. Stay-at-home
- C4 W; m% S; L: D 66. Total personal noncooperation' {; P. K N* }! T2 D
67. “Flight” of workers
7 {( G: j) {' k6 J; c. M 68. Sanctuary
; S( B% V5 V) [# A5 e" k; ]( X! ^: m 69. Collective disappearance* q5 V' }* t. x; \) E2 ~6 [7 A
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 w! E, Q6 d2 U
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& T- u {) [7 W e- s y. W( Z4 @6 QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" G) n. P. L! F6 D) w: N! B$ h
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# {6 y0 n& w/ }* w) X1 V7 n& b" \Actions by Consumers* W2 R- W! J0 u. Y& K! G
71. Consumers’ boycott
" c" X; w. y. Q: U) R: | 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% v3 g: `) c! U# j& V$ I w
73. Policy of austerity
1 h' Q9 l$ x; Z% a) o8 c8 g3 O9 Z 74. Rent withholding
7 i" a) N: Y' V ` 75. Refusal to rent
+ E) _/ k& [+ { 76. National consumers’ boycott8 r5 i2 h8 r+ B2 g! J
77. International consumers’ boycott9 M/ @, A" g; a. w5 X# U
! N- R# e' e8 D/ j0 Z, mAction by Workers and Producers/ ]; H9 r( |# g8 s2 I
78. Workmen’s boycott' s0 r( A: o, N3 k: a. r
79. Producers’ boycott! m5 K1 q& \6 w, v" |) M
' ~) z5 A( a% q C8 m; I' T
Action by Middlemen) k) N2 o3 e5 ]5 p3 f
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ U1 ]/ K8 d% }3 i% h0 k. W6 B
% X3 m$ U; P7 k# Z+ {3 |2 M/ oAction by Owners and Management. z0 u# ]7 J9 F! m+ M- @# A, n0 F
81. Traders’ boycott
- L% N; d. ?& M! T+ f 82. Refusal to let or sell property
3 H! ?4 u/ W7 ~0 Y) l$ q2 o 83. Lockout
R8 x) X* |) R# | 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ t8 ]! K8 _; T2 D, K( m0 C/ i& _
85. Merchants’ “general strike”; E c! y. {0 Q3 {7 h
6 q9 c% |: W, Y. T7 k
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
: g5 J H5 W# O, C$ I( n 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% ?+ F6 F& ?( W5 |$ V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. F0 r; [/ c, r+ S& M9 |: }+ N& o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 i8 \8 y( B+ ?! V# L+ D- K7 T 89. Severance of funds and credit! H2 n c8 F3 v7 T6 y ^' \
90. Revenue refusal
# G" k; N/ ?2 K4 B& t 91. Refusal of a government’s money6 g/ c$ _4 J% }9 G/ t
" V& Y4 c4 h$ F
Action by Governments) G& C! {6 L$ L' d/ S
92. Domestic embargo
! y+ }4 f6 c2 F6 f: Q 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 n2 H* O- z- n: }4 q 94. International sellers’ embargo' [: Y: D5 R: W& [
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ w3 a! _6 N* C# x' R- y 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 I# O( T6 s# V+ C8 w# U
4 ?. {$ n" n& E9 g9 O9 V, W . ]$ m, c" t7 ]$ J/ Z
Symbolic Strikes3 v5 b$ i6 Z4 ?( M. o& b
97. Protest strike# o) x2 H$ Y; B+ S
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). i$ T/ ]- f0 q; c B
$ m8 U3 J0 S. e
Agricultural Strikes
' w& X$ ~6 |) A! b+ v0 H 99. Peasant strike" b" m' k) g5 h
100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ h7 V; R; D+ K6 l; f- e2 f4 \4 O! m0 Q) F, K v2 F( h1 ?
Strikes by Special Groups
! g$ U+ @/ E# o- O0 y 101. Refusal of impressed labor7 W0 [ ^+ C7 A' _* X0 ?
102. Prisoners’ strike N. G6 f/ k* y
103. Craft strike8 [* r: P7 L# B
104. Professional strike! p; x. }. y' m( _) C+ \9 |% i
9 C) Z! O3 T9 [( y5 \Ordinary Industrial Strikes" d$ R% ]" x' p# _7 g# l6 M+ {. \
105. Establishment strike
1 c8 W# g7 I: m) N, } 106. Industry strike
1 Q) Z* ~9 X5 C" @, V 107. Sympathetic strike
9 O' Z" G3 B3 X; C! Q
/ D+ z4 m0 T2 kRestricted Strikes
2 T. W: i: W8 e' _2 O* X 108. Detailed strike( S. B) l) J% h" {: O1 H/ ~4 R# D
109. Bumper strike
/ ~5 v/ b8 c' q* E 110. Slowdown strike! S. \) `7 I# l1 v
111. Working-to-rule strike
9 C$ w( j! U; o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 N2 t) ^/ `. `' @5 K) c0 X
113. Strike by resignation
6 U) C9 N. }, H3 Q$ J d 114. Limited strike9 Y% F P! w2 C% t- s, E5 D
115. Selective strike
1 O9 K }9 o3 D" T& y) ^2 Y' M
Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
, T- s' r7 c7 K% K
8 `- e3 x1 a& F1 ? 117. General strike
2 ]) s F3 h# w& b6 o5 N. F' Q; a; |! @5 h
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 X( |+ V% B) D+ Z
: T8 l. k' `# v; ?; W+ x 118. Hartal) e1 \1 B Z! F; _* X9 B0 m
- j ]5 h0 h. ]+ C6 f, _ 119. Economic shutdown
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j1 x4 N3 R" b# Y& C) c! [6 Q2 l9 N( Q
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 R h% x% h( T' f0 i1 [) dRejection of Authority- Q$ t: [" ?, g, z3 s& D
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( o' {5 ?' Q. |, `7 g8 v
121. Refusal of public support @$ |1 S6 G/ z' {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 V! B; z) [' b; Q9 U
0 m: c4 Q2 ^! R
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 Z. o2 F" i& v$ X. y W
123. Boycott of legislative bodies% D4 R9 G" x0 H2 u+ t- A$ [$ C3 O
124. Boycott of elections0 d) X7 n+ l6 t4 }0 @# {
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# c6 p# C: }3 O' D" [ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ `/ c" n( ]( b- F: a3 g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ \" s( ^5 F1 _) W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 ?2 I. T- l8 @2 E% E
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 o1 j8 t( U4 @2 X. J8 H3 a& g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' }) {) a4 B: Q3 I! b
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 @0 X: A* k# W3 L1 w# ^
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) c6 @. E9 h" g$ c* U* Z7 M
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience m' `$ E" A' c7 v3 r2 j9 `. C4 C
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# ~1 z3 l' e# x% P& |* v& \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 e- K# M1 Z E/ M: M% z
135. Popular nonobedience
{$ Q5 J5 o3 a! |" Y 136. Disguised disobedience$ W2 C7 C: U' ]/ e" K. r7 f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 P6 S9 I, S. I# v 138. Sitdown$ i! R# \8 R+ F3 E2 ]8 C1 ?( b, t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* h' v0 a4 G+ n4 ]5 B `- g6 e1 i 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ E7 S5 e ]- w- ?4 w/ k( ]/ t 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& s5 c+ o7 Y! W$ Z. x8 W) [
$ s! g9 K# o% M: u( d% ~" T, B( q
Action by Government Personnel
2 i" O7 j" c# H2 o# `5 _5 M4 e) o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 Y y' V5 |& A( O& I
143. Blocking of lines of command and information* a- K% W- P& u5 N) I% R8 I
144. Stalling and obstruction1 c$ A1 S) P. }7 `' h4 w8 T
145. General administrative noncooperation
6 q$ p. q! d6 F4 z5 H/ e4 o) s1 q7 B8 |! S' O
146. Judicial noncooperation. @' V5 J( D+ o8 @
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: M b* w* X# E/ \6 m) a, n* A9 o
148. Mutiny" s" Z$ t$ ?. r- A0 v+ r' N
Domestic Governmental Action
! X& Q9 ^, I7 U: d- w [" x, e7 ~ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays ]+ s% h" l" i- u& d
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! f% ]# `5 \2 x$ Y: T: Y0 X/ E2 s$ o t
' ^+ F% k3 A2 I% ?# \International Governmental Action8 a0 y7 J y, a# y. {
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations ?. U j4 Q7 }* p8 x8 x. h3 T
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 U+ O+ N$ G, u4 l 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, _4 U& a K$ [, W+ r } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) S, h7 T3 D2 a/ B% T 155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ Q0 s+ b8 u/ ?
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
: C2 G; J/ \0 t1 K 157. Expulsion from international organizations# A- F; z. a5 I1 {8 ?
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q3 m2 p* e' z* a. [
T8 S3 i2 y! W4 ETHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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# z( t. p- V! L1 XPsychological Intervention
% u1 X; w! [' W* [! P; j9 W, t 158. Self-exposure to the elements
! g- ?, S, l/ m" w- H" r 159. The fast; \* T4 g" R2 E) ]$ j1 T. Z: b
a) Fast of moral pressure
- v+ H! y# C2 E" L4 _& n b) Hunger strike
! @- j! U2 `) Z9 e c) Satyagrahic fast
+ A# }0 b w1 p 160. Reverse trial! Y( F8 D/ Y4 ~- x" R$ M- y' Q
161. Nonviolent harassment0 m3 W& K! m9 c4 t
7 y; e& I# F! N8 [. a
Physical Intervention
! z4 E; }& E8 y( V; t3 A6 A3 {9 \ 162. Sit-in- |, |" E9 ^& {+ p9 e# f E
163. Stand-in
. d1 q4 Y( }9 G3 z& P) R 164. Ride-in
5 y! h& H! x9 W# J$ b! F3 f 165. Wade-in
; a+ G7 C. d) H1 `& Z' i' w3 F 166. Mill-in- D, `7 f+ ~0 O2 P+ F0 t
167. Pray-in
- r# U. D- y& o; \- ^ 168. Nonviolent raids9 U3 {# Z7 S' V" P8 V: a/ ?5 n
169. Nonviolent air raids
1 y9 ?! w; F+ S2 B! U 170. Nonviolent invasion- h; d! m3 W) A0 Y1 Z. U
171. Nonviolent interjection# O* q' E. w4 a5 d5 s
172. Nonviolent obstruction
- ?9 N& H* Z- H3 h* _/ T5 c/ H 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention2 @( B9 w9 e( [6 f0 T5 E
174. Establishing new social patterns
; l1 s- g3 f/ H# Y* h5 O+ R' T 175. Overloading of facilities4 W5 T& ~ J ` I5 e" P5 J
176. Stall-in
; f/ z+ X& n1 ` b1 R 177. Speak-in* _7 }8 R- T. V+ c! U- y
178. Guerrilla theater: |: ~7 p, \0 z: `- T
179. Alternative social institutions/ H6 A ?2 N+ R' V6 |+ G2 g# R0 X
180. Alternative communication system
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7 g ?0 s$ C4 M1 k: G* Q" SEconomic Intervention
0 X6 Y* o- G/ h# O7 a 181. Reverse strike3 b2 x8 W7 o3 B' D1 Z6 B' U
182. Stay-in strike
+ _3 x4 Z# A& U0 m+ N 183. Nonviolent land seizure3 U+ @) x$ I, u; ?) ~9 Z3 p
184. Defiance of blockades) Z: E8 @( S( M9 l2 s
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- G3 l- Z; ?* M" o$ P
186. Preclusive purchasing
" h$ K- ^( {8 ~+ }2 r$ W2 B- _1 O8 Q 187. Seizure of assets- f) @5 O3 y+ v3 U+ G# J, a- y
188. Dumping
- S/ }! d: }7 I0 n 189. Selective patronage
9 o; J |0 S5 \9 V4 {2 S7 r 190. Alternative markets0 \, r v w$ q. q. |+ b- c
191. Alternative transportation systems
$ `$ l& N4 q0 f: K 192. Alternative economic institutions# T; l! Y @9 [' f0 N4 e- }7 ?
! z/ m }% J8 I q4 t- ]
Political Intervention& Z9 s3 _0 E; Z( E# T% Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems; m0 v. N4 a4 S
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ I! _% \9 ^0 B. ^$ h8 S# T3 B
195. Seeking imprisonment% e! U9 z( |# J
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, Y E+ x/ s. q 197. Work-on without collaboration
" e* |. Y F" d4 b I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' d5 [! r+ e& Y Z, Z: t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
