 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: {; [7 t N3 eFormal Statements
y8 B, |8 p( v- w! C" X 1. Public Speeches* ^, M' C9 ^: D4 r6 f
2. Letters of opposition or support4 W% [- w5 s6 B2 F& m) ]7 C: Y
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! o9 m+ {# H- o! h! q/ Z8 ^6 { 4. Signed public statements
" Z0 s' l) k% r7 Y9 N# Z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ R8 }8 n* ^0 [* L! e8 f; s
6. Group or mass petitions
8 ^' D) h* e# S
0 E" i4 ?9 g, R$ yCommunications with a Wider Audience* |/ p0 [, g$ ~& M
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' k6 _( G6 O0 C6 h; G
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 {8 ]* ^* `1 D% @' C
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 k$ Q# @6 L; X- ^
10. Newspapers and journals; ~: k, n& u& i. u1 g3 E. q
11. Records, radio, and television3 x2 r: q# W5 o1 C" i/ w4 ?- j P
12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 C. ?. a# G7 i; p: P1 c7 Y) Q
* h# d8 S( ~, ] H [6 u
Group Representations
4 c: ?" L8 B8 T9 C 13. Deputations
! S3 Q- C: a* P& z j 14. Mock awards6 E9 E6 e* ?9 H, o; l
15. Group lobbying% J# m% \! c" b. ]( O8 B
16. Picketing
2 j2 |9 h# w" G 17. Mock elections2 S7 Q. y+ T+ r- B) k
, S3 T' D' W% Q9 O: ^' e$ BSymbolic Public Acts
0 g& S T, m+ w2 H! M4 q5 K 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ \* j) y+ H2 a" g9 N ~# l 19. Wearing of symbols7 _/ w* N' |5 k# U& p
20. Prayer and worship; F8 B& i, H& }. [
21. Delivering symbolic objects
# E( `2 q. K( j V- P 22. Protest disrobings
2 B a S$ @3 \/ ^8 t- G2 R8 r 23. Destruction of own property
2 G1 n" W0 z) o' u1 H$ p4 B; q 24. Symbolic lights
& L, A: x! G+ _ 25. Displays of portraits) h0 J$ E( D0 h
26. Paint as protest! j! e' \3 h$ F$ q- x3 f* ?7 l- l/ C
27. New signs and names4 U" L; f' _9 W6 s
28. Symbolic sounds) V2 a4 E- k6 ?9 L3 h( S( n
29. Symbolic reclamations2 d$ _! w, P: N& w9 x4 D, b
30. Rude gestures
( c" n3 T$ N' {: ?. B" E( J& t, ]6 _8 J7 O
Pressures on Individuals8 ^3 l ^9 {! n" f" [1 X
31. “Haunting” officials% b- G% V: I9 [: U2 q
32. Taunting officials8 |; j+ R) [6 g$ w8 p) B4 @
33. Fraternization
/ ^/ N1 M: o: \) K0 N$ F2 ~* ~ 34. Vigils
: P' \3 C0 }. q. _ z, y
" l) v& _* G0 Y4 I. o! QDrama and Music
- L3 K& K( n: _( o 35. Humorous skits and pranks" \* S6 j5 q# h& z2 ~
36. Performances of plays and music$ m. @8 h- s! x' k7 F I
37. Singing
, x. y1 W5 ^. W1 e9 N3 n0 g0 X- S" c1 _. n! H
Processions
6 \( Q4 Q, m7 T- k* y 38. Marches
- {1 Z6 S6 L/ { 39. Parades% u5 S$ P: n, _! R' B; J1 y! l
40. Religious processions0 H- c) r7 Q! |8 r9 s4 U
41. Pilgrimages O0 [, J3 M/ F H; b7 M7 [& M. x
42. Motorcades; i+ H) R" s, q
/ d) T8 i2 |4 F- V9 d) }/ cHonoring the Dead3 y+ y p7 U; Z; k+ i
43. Political mourning, i5 U- \+ u* w. q: _ _8 w
44. Mock funerals8 l7 c8 t! n/ i3 l
45. Demonstrative funerals
8 ], |* V0 I0 Y+ @6 @/ Y 46. Homage at burial places
+ Z$ s: ~1 @9 ?: ^5 n& M$ G \4 l% f! P) N% v
Public Assemblies7 d* d5 x3 B; G3 R
47. Assemblies of protest or support
; `2 I8 B; B: B; i4 _9 V$ a) p+ P. m 48. Protest meetings$ ~9 G- @1 \: [$ z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) c! Z: `2 _) _. u
50. Teach-ins
2 g, o9 }, D9 i$ ~" g/ E) Q% [2 O! }3 M
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 x- L- w; m( ]
51. Walk-outs
+ P& b2 D9 D" d5 ]7 ~5 S 52. Silence" _/ u1 J5 x6 i z5 }& d4 _. f
53. Renouncing honors
, m5 W4 K: F# C3 e! _8 | 54. Turning one’s back
" d9 U+ \7 L# N3 i2 F/ E, i, V l
! J5 ?5 b: l$ N `; |/ @) P
( b% ?0 i7 X( P" zTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ T* X ~ z% z U0 ~& R
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@4 U, z0 X& r, V0 A) H5 `5 j' i% [5 D
Ostracism of Persons
$ T5 r. o. `1 F6 {5 Q 55. Social boycott3 O1 @- l1 c1 L) f3 ]
56. Selective social boycott
# p/ B) M5 \' w x. V$ G/ { 57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 j/ n% M* G* Q 58. Excommunication
# m* T. e" X5 V3 _& a( { 59. Interdict V, d7 R) H5 K: e) E
1 t& s4 T6 u$ _" }) t
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 H1 Z- i) G) J8 W
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 {4 t0 S' I% F" H% r" ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs
7 n4 Y9 E. M9 R$ ] 62. Student strike
# C2 q4 x2 P0 w U 63. Social disobedience
) {5 [& Z/ V* ~" ~) s6 n 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) q; H3 M& q6 F) ~" w* {% K0 v, D1 {! }- ]
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 P! S! Q* b5 R9 O" _3 c) D 65. Stay-at-home
+ `# ?8 M; J% j/ Z6 V d3 c6 N* i 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ y7 m) Q6 z/ _0 O/ W; { ? 67. “Flight” of workers
- ]2 t1 F' ~* q. B9 D0 U0 A: _' c 68. Sanctuary, |" }2 o3 E, c& R
69. Collective disappearance
! j7 L& `% r& q* P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 }) h/ R/ E/ E$ l" c! x3 j/ ^" g K6 P/ [5 |
' Y+ d* [+ r9 t8 b5 x/ B1 z c
' v1 D# j6 V8 ]/ J$ t. PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' a' L6 O6 M# r% a9 X1 H; \7 [
& |$ p: b* h2 ]5 X1 } 2 }9 P. P' T, c& X/ o- [" _
Actions by Consumers
$ {* w+ E7 Q+ ?, H+ Z 71. Consumers’ boycott
1 h Y4 [( ~7 x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' c% g5 z2 x3 Y 73. Policy of austerity
0 ]0 {' a- e6 |: E+ E/ d' o: y 74. Rent withholding
! V# h0 l- I. [- o, h+ b 75. Refusal to rent2 J) L7 `% q, e4 x: E4 y1 g
76. National consumers’ boycott
! N0 J* u5 z8 O5 F+ P7 c) w 77. International consumers’ boycott$ p% H' c- t) B5 b V! r+ H5 U
9 j, f3 Z1 G, f( Y, N' t
Action by Workers and Producers! g+ I9 o7 a7 C: }8 i; y
78. Workmen’s boycott& G/ ?! \. E2 i1 g( \- Q- C1 B
79. Producers’ boycott
& | |7 T& k& j" C
L) H: b0 u8 e* p! A1 {Action by Middlemen# |0 W# V: y: w3 ]5 X# L: G8 D
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 s2 X. E% v) J) g3 `$ }
8 a/ |) I+ a' @( m: [9 YAction by Owners and Management" ?. x+ }8 O# @1 X( G! d( Z$ o
81. Traders’ boycott! y, N8 q% [# K3 P f' h/ C% z
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! a: U" P7 G( Y/ Z 83. Lockout
6 L' ^6 n4 S1 | 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; K6 A4 B5 [' G7 t9 O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”* S/ q1 |% E1 O1 R/ v
5 [5 A2 ^5 r& T5 ]Action by Holders of Financial Resources
7 u. V' f9 M* Y: F+ O: s 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, g. L, t+ p7 l& I4 k+ _6 w 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ K4 Z* B5 x l$ C. _
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" k: R$ g* b2 r9 y3 t
89. Severance of funds and credit5 I7 c6 i& O9 y& S4 v# k; E- L
90. Revenue refusal
& z2 n! e. s4 r8 k6 m; L 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 k8 C7 Z: k. j" d* A E# [! h' ^
7 k' S% ~: `6 G" e9 Z+ YAction by Governments1 x6 g) N' k' K
92. Domestic embargo
' C" W7 s) V* l4 w; k 93. Blacklisting of traders2 }4 ~0 K4 H2 C4 M4 k+ W
94. International sellers’ embargo" Z4 Q$ |" q {
95. International buyers’ embargo
5 t! ] B- F' f/ Q9 ?: V' x& }/ S 96. International trade embargo
J' l/ }: d/ j8 M4 \% P& m; k3 x; m
: M# Q& Q9 `& F
7 i# B2 i+ S+ N7 B1 Q" f* yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 e) I: d+ L1 S: r/ U, J
8 y/ X. R. C; _& Q
# @0 D3 w# [- v, l$ [8 E) f+ C
Symbolic Strikes5 Z( K b6 t# w4 e
97. Protest strike5 h3 D$ u4 N# n u+ N0 w* I
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( x# x7 t( ~2 b! C: ^, @$ M5 N
) i; i) F% t7 x! ?Agricultural Strikes0 N* J4 ^$ h, V. e8 P0 d7 E
99. Peasant strike
5 F, p8 _6 m3 `/ v 100. Farm Workers’ strike! M+ X' @/ C- r
8 y& K0 u7 ^% \! d# K d
Strikes by Special Groups1 y% s) I! M* j% M; L$ Z
101. Refusal of impressed labor& t' ?* S4 h8 _3 m4 y
102. Prisoners’ strike
0 }! n# s7 ~! a6 z u* X 103. Craft strike
1 d/ e- G) a6 D* W0 r9 G3 S 104. Professional strike' B# a1 n Z% d. ?7 O
8 A& m9 V. \& D: A" BOrdinary Industrial Strikes2 `9 x3 N4 |* |
105. Establishment strike
. f$ L& p! L1 c. p" { 106. Industry strike) S8 j! l% u; D# f3 O
107. Sympathetic strike E( _/ s2 T/ G% J
+ {6 h" ]# V( Z. y. m0 G
Restricted Strikes
! B5 [8 ^$ O, E+ h 108. Detailed strike
# C1 [+ c4 k! u 109. Bumper strike
6 q% N/ Y1 H8 F! R- P; A 110. Slowdown strike
( ?+ H2 Y4 q/ O& K 111. Working-to-rule strike
1 ]2 _+ C8 ]1 s7 J 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. o& H* ^5 M" n4 ?9 } 113. Strike by resignation3 \* a4 V& P9 ^" }. f1 V9 M
114. Limited strike2 k+ k5 C* B" J% z |6 j
115. Selective strike
5 B$ I, J8 ~1 ^( C) m" L2 v( ]0 W7 I. R; |
Multi-Industry Strikes; }8 d/ I3 O1 j& T
5 L: m. p# R" g# E6 t
116. Generalized strike
: V- T0 L/ ~' m6 K7 R- J) \+ J- L, c8 O2 k$ ~. L
117. General strike
4 Z; u( w1 I1 ^, E; h' d
0 i6 c4 O9 w0 u, Q( z, z3 WCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ N- c# a6 M9 J( }4 t
& H" N3 l: g# J& L2 i% P 118. Hartal- P; n) \) v, A8 O+ m
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119. Economic shutdown
; J1 i$ N" i# d% K$ r7 g4 A4 u8 [. \, x) T: [4 A: V! c2 [
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3 C+ ^6 n: O8 g9 f) ?) ~5 LTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: ~- ]( E. E. Z9 N8 l' i9 F
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Rejection of Authority
) l* |( r' n3 m! m, B2 i 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ F. k( e# y/ b- @9 v
121. Refusal of public support
) y0 h9 @9 ^" a1 L- k5 Y6 B; O5 ^ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 c1 ]5 I+ K* |& t1 q
+ k5 y. x4 X: m7 M5 B' t# V: K! k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
! y* c7 _5 ~/ M3 z. v { 123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 r8 F7 y; f# w2 i! k
124. Boycott of elections
; l6 W+ T) W8 F4 r 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 a! h' Q7 Y5 e r
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; U5 i. X9 { y! M
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; l: U) g' f' Q: |% x" h7 I& C0 m 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, S' F5 \+ j6 e7 g( V; ^# ^
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. ]& J& C$ P5 O1 K
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% X+ t3 ] r* k& t' W/ T0 K
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 n& I o/ v$ U, f% } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 d+ H! w, k, f
: W2 |5 a# u6 v& Z) r- h ~Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 \8 x8 @8 [0 o& [9 Q; d$ n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance! t6 @; I( o% g$ a" O
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 n) C' {: J( ~+ L. J) |5 g) o. ? 135. Popular nonobedience2 g# p/ H- B6 i" a, G5 y
136. Disguised disobedience3 f: m+ s& `# z$ J( K9 q" _% f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. ?# A( L6 @8 l. A I9 c 138. Sitdown; N) `) N2 H, w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; J" q* I5 ^! d5 s- S1 E9 z0 K; L+ E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 j/ s9 w# m- Y* c 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( n) U7 x* {8 p9 I* y# h5 Z
% z" A8 q5 o5 ~, f9 R" ?$ X6 p% v" {Action by Government Personnel1 f/ o. L$ E- Z/ x& G. o- k
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 A r) Z( V e$ _( M 143. Blocking of lines of command and information* s4 \: V+ f/ x Z* }: _0 P# H
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 t( m* E' d/ p; B/ x 145. General administrative noncooperation
7 S k( @2 m8 {1 D6 L7 a% ]1 c/ t. C! P
146. Judicial noncooperation9 I- C: y& _- I7 c
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. D5 T& }4 J4 z; \ }
148. Mutiny
# [( a5 c, c1 N+ ^" v# s, SDomestic Governmental Action `, g- ?% z2 j3 f" J; i# O3 t& G
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 f, ^6 c4 j: K; G, P. [7 Q$ k 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. }7 m) j" C5 | I9 c1 ]; s. t
& n3 w* v: p4 x. I% ?# Z. C7 s
International Governmental Action
; s& J4 o' }' ^* B 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations% P: ?3 f1 G" b7 {" ^
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 ?6 A9 ~0 V! d2 i: j
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) _5 f. q& H* J8 t( J' ^ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 S: g5 K* Z! m& @; j( [ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 W& W2 j2 t2 J' d 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, X6 P3 \* R. n! `7 O2 C4 ?! n3 u 157. Expulsion from international organizations2 c. t+ l+ d% M( ?, t# B$ m
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I8 I7 j- \7 aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& Z$ ^# z7 o" ~, s; }8 f; @
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Psychological Intervention" g% |/ j8 b& _$ A' d4 o. z1 G
158. Self-exposure to the elements
( e1 O- p; A0 t# s, ^; c# e9 K 159. The fast3 P' \# V7 Q' C k$ Y, C0 a9 O, C: S
a) Fast of moral pressure% t. v8 Q5 Z" p1 @/ _7 r4 X0 s
b) Hunger strike* g( a9 \( u' ]; J5 q5 g
c) Satyagrahic fast/ f% j' i C# K# P: h
160. Reverse trial7 l1 X( W* i4 D( @: [8 C
161. Nonviolent harassment
% v# X5 W% v. B: v9 k$ z& v1 p% r' U' L8 t
Physical Intervention& _8 J& q- b; {
162. Sit-in
# {/ g9 l) n5 y$ C) @3 a) L, I# V 163. Stand-in& r. ]+ O3 |. X. K5 x5 ]
164. Ride-in, T" G5 I; N- d
165. Wade-in- O% l' s1 n2 z" m. [; A
166. Mill-in* c+ O% s0 B6 C4 K( D, ?7 u
167. Pray-in
; W8 L! W+ `7 F$ E# H 168. Nonviolent raids. T9 G, B& L# { F; @" j
169. Nonviolent air raids$ F& W, m, _6 \3 r* a% l# }' R
170. Nonviolent invasion
7 @4 {9 ~" w q! t 171. Nonviolent interjection
: g% Y& D0 t% z3 w 172. Nonviolent obstruction
* X4 ~5 Z; s! w 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
, ]' g; {6 ` h( F& f8 V# k" U 174. Establishing new social patterns" b8 Y( Q2 x) U& d5 [3 r; G2 y/ s
175. Overloading of facilities6 L& y/ q% U6 B1 L
176. Stall-in7 p" K7 v2 I7 s( B% @1 `/ V0 T
177. Speak-in* ]6 @3 X8 a0 B7 k$ j
178. Guerrilla theater
) Y1 K3 g" w& T8 q 179. Alternative social institutions0 `# L% r% F! x
180. Alternative communication system/ R0 \! m5 Y! f3 U, M4 N" E# f0 _
% w% i6 _4 G6 p7 IEconomic Intervention+ [4 F" M6 E* S! d" j2 l
181. Reverse strike! o0 u1 m2 Q3 T$ D# ~$ c6 N1 X/ B8 }
182. Stay-in strike1 x6 U$ s: E/ _9 x" n2 _
183. Nonviolent land seizure7 g" M. c% B8 Y+ Y7 j
184. Defiance of blockades; q" b r# I& U3 V5 S: a5 t0 U
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 S3 U: q( k2 I6 S
186. Preclusive purchasing
0 ]! l4 n' U: ?7 x# Q 187. Seizure of assets0 q: z3 I2 w4 V: x: f( b* [2 i
188. Dumping
. ?& _7 w; |- G( U 189. Selective patronage
6 A- B1 w; b. W. P' d, M# s 190. Alternative markets7 z, M3 }7 O4 o: k+ W# J* j
191. Alternative transportation systems* ^& A2 X9 V* n4 R
192. Alternative economic institutions0 B5 Q5 s" Q0 \, f! R# ^% y! J
. N. w' @* N& E$ h; Y7 n$ b3 i$ i) X+ v8 GPolitical Intervention) ]* A9 C% f2 b3 x9 c
193. Overloading of administrative systems
- z S7 J& ?8 m7 y! _' M9 v" _- q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 t4 L2 ^: q% F) ~, o+ k; N. n3 \
195. Seeking imprisonment
. i. \6 F. P: \9 d- p! c, `' G- o 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 v7 s6 \; |" L+ u2 Q& H
197. Work-on without collaboration. H$ Y, m1 [+ F2 s) B- t4 O3 F5 t
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
