 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 A; y; D/ D6 I9 A; t* z' L @Formal Statements/ p7 N- M. A: A% y' h* X
1. Public Speeches8 G% z8 \; v q8 U# x1 W1 r3 l3 _
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 e0 F/ `* X& e. O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% k" g2 I* t8 r; ` 4. Signed public statements
3 C7 w' g* N' a) J 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- [7 V; Q: U3 g4 K7 J* D 6. Group or mass petitions
1 f7 T9 O0 @5 y; g. n X9 E8 T
& l' b5 [& `4 {% }: ICommunications with a Wider Audience
1 B& F2 H1 j9 E: e 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% E9 Z# @9 [2 o7 E. W3 {
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 o7 J+ f3 }9 H6 @5 _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 e8 u+ I' f# I5 e
10. Newspapers and journals
3 a/ i9 _6 I# }9 t. ~ 11. Records, radio, and television/ n; J. o7 \7 J3 A% ^& v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* h5 H( J; C, ~
$ M) k+ G3 I' Y: `- C7 r9 PGroup Representations
: Q8 B( S m% g: ^* L( h 13. Deputations
( J# E8 s' o( u; m+ A( v 14. Mock awards; \" g" g9 h% m& g
15. Group lobbying
# \' A q; ~0 M: r b1 N2 } 16. Picketing' R4 x6 [. H; U) [6 C) e
17. Mock elections8 `; f1 K6 o8 m# I1 A8 H G
8 A! g5 ^: x6 F$ n4 b( w3 P
Symbolic Public Acts
9 b! [8 L! R; w) T# C) k7 E 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 @+ g4 g# p4 K) g2 |0 n$ H \
19. Wearing of symbols
1 E- i& a7 h; w0 s8 c$ I+ T% a% {) A 20. Prayer and worship5 I' o/ t: R7 i' f& Z
21. Delivering symbolic objects# \- }& z! o- o. P/ ~, t
22. Protest disrobings
A2 c) \$ N3 ]$ `4 K* }- ]9 j 23. Destruction of own property
- b$ J8 A4 ?5 Y8 f 24. Symbolic lights
3 n7 b* b! t3 \2 J! H) s, P 25. Displays of portraits
0 j: p" D7 _8 B8 |" T 26. Paint as protest% A' |' t8 q4 }9 z8 Z; @- r
27. New signs and names' M# f. a3 h4 w1 g+ w9 M3 y
28. Symbolic sounds
1 ~" d% ]4 R6 A; B/ ` 29. Symbolic reclamations
# ]2 `' K$ ]; p _" W k 30. Rude gestures
; Z. i" T+ a1 ^. \# H: _2 j" \& K2 C* M9 A" F
Pressures on Individuals
3 D1 x! D. t% S: N& }& \9 n 31. “Haunting” officials( c' x1 e4 X, \+ W) p( D
32. Taunting officials
6 ?5 T, m! D& i" F% Q6 a4 v 33. Fraternization. g2 n' q6 Q& \" V+ Q3 u0 r
34. Vigils
' B5 A$ O# R8 x- Q. x) C! ~$ p% e; q: l* s p; W F& W, k% S! U
Drama and Music
& I- v, {0 ^" F 35. Humorous skits and pranks5 E" t2 \% o7 x8 H1 i. v
36. Performances of plays and music& m2 ?, E% h5 m% F) J
37. Singing$ R' y4 @: D9 `
& a7 {& P: o& q6 n, e/ L9 ^9 U: [
Processions
8 B" c3 o6 g' m6 Y4 e; i) ] 38. Marches
J0 D' b) B/ X. ^0 y 39. Parades4 S' r8 I4 c: T& ^0 n0 P6 m8 G h
40. Religious processions! O0 P0 h% ~" H6 `& N3 A4 \
41. Pilgrimages
5 @6 K5 M6 J Q+ ^/ |% T 42. Motorcades- i4 a% X# R: e$ s
8 o! Q5 ]1 [% ^5 m) u* m: XHonoring the Dead
5 V4 O8 f7 j5 p/ a 43. Political mourning
% d4 R* \4 ~- E/ |1 d 44. Mock funerals+ Q" s; d8 H) n5 f" E
45. Demonstrative funerals
$ D- l' }# @: ^ I 46. Homage at burial places! x$ R* f j* |# ~7 N5 U
% o9 T5 Q+ o" V7 w. W
Public Assemblies
0 j4 ?! k! b5 I0 m; k3 W( A8 r) d 47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ @! S N1 c2 N- ? 48. Protest meetings/ X& i$ i% m4 y0 z7 T8 n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' x: [0 @5 Z$ F5 i$ s 50. Teach-ins5 U+ C3 p6 t9 d' O, n4 W
. p; r' N2 D3 u9 ~Withdrawal and Renunciation/ _5 W3 M% i% m0 n; b+ l
51. Walk-outs. s1 K( K5 }3 K
52. Silence" |$ Y; m% y4 T( F0 v
53. Renouncing honors. u5 O _7 R; r: g; Y: H- F; r
54. Turning one’s back' S) A" A9 ]) R$ {
7 Y! P }: l+ {7 d9 g2 l
+ ] U& }$ s' U' E$ X
; C8 V) l& f8 T0 s7 UTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 F; O* M- t/ o P! t V% L
$ n3 H6 P+ g0 D/ z, C, V
$ T/ h. `! _1 Y P; d' ]" l6 C' I e, ]" J. P5 K
Ostracism of Persons
, a) {/ x" h% ]8 C0 A" V 55. Social boycott+ j8 a9 W8 J4 }9 e2 B1 w/ d5 U
56. Selective social boycott
: |& X7 M8 `# D 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 r6 l# B/ C. `/ s 58. Excommunication0 q6 ]3 F. C. o
59. Interdict; y5 n7 ?2 O; |! v# O
6 m7 C( M% J# aNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ N! R! b& J& m. h* J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& h% N) s% @ H% g1 B3 L 61. Boycott of social affairs/ }& Z2 M9 S; @
62. Student strike2 N1 ?2 D# t9 k7 }
63. Social disobedience" i+ _- o; V, P
64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 ]7 b5 \ G' N+ Z/ K
) b7 @( q3 m, X8 g6 O+ U
Withdrawal from the Social System6 \+ {+ r; P( v- B6 K5 O: h
65. Stay-at-home
% q) p6 ]! V4 v7 j3 V 66. Total personal noncooperation# k4 X7 D7 q6 b$ \( z# o8 i$ Z7 C
67. “Flight” of workers
( i& V5 I5 d H# C# W$ b% l- F" f1 _ 68. Sanctuary
, o! j9 R5 b9 [3 d K* E6 K1 T 69. Collective disappearance( I1 g0 N7 ]) N; G& i8 `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 u$ U+ @* e) e7 W. L$ Q$ |' u3 ?0 I# p/ n) z
& c1 G6 C8 M* B$ A" }% H+ t
- b G3 V' `3 H& b& S6 ^: W! jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 {# t8 b1 v2 }! `+ _
2 n9 @6 N, G! h- w4 l$ ]9 k ! o7 ?+ m- i" ^/ E) [* M" {: D
Actions by Consumers
1 }2 j" S( C' R* E2 k2 U' k 71. Consumers’ boycott
1 x( N$ j. O3 B 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. ?4 t% z5 _; X- U* L; d5 W* | 73. Policy of austerity
# h5 Z- X+ {' n. L$ J/ e7 e 74. Rent withholding
3 a- A! O" F9 H, f2 a 75. Refusal to rent& A- t( z- [, P M: b4 [! V
76. National consumers’ boycott
( y5 s" r/ V/ {4 h 77. International consumers’ boycott; v, X9 U+ H2 c9 X& G7 r1 D/ m; G3 i8 `
5 z- R; _7 ^7 H; P8 X. Z1 t
Action by Workers and Producers+ P8 D" P; K+ B3 y/ [1 V
78. Workmen’s boycott
( o1 C( M0 @& Q# M: u 79. Producers’ boycott
. W- ]1 h3 o" r) i3 i+ z3 @ f- I
Action by Middlemen3 G l; u; Y; F1 s$ p
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( C2 z C2 |1 O$ d6 t" R7 @- @
# C8 U$ I- E8 C) v7 l/ Y1 Z6 NAction by Owners and Management3 U9 j' D' y4 M
81. Traders’ boycott' S+ g# ]6 R( r, K
82. Refusal to let or sell property
" P; w. L- R% X3 v+ n 83. Lockout
* z9 F& k$ X/ y( m: g% S" H 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ V7 j7 ^! F$ G) i8 B9 h$ D) E 85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 s" E% \; ?: e& {
7 D# w. |+ X- ?6 P* r# v0 |: x7 PAction by Holders of Financial Resources, R% c+ F* @# s4 `
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) ^ s- @* j$ j l( x; P- u
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 c! f9 g) A5 p% G
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' h5 Q1 S. t4 o" j/ F! x; j
89. Severance of funds and credit1 u% T9 S, q, X& a3 [% e# l
90. Revenue refusal% @& g5 N$ w. N8 a; X
91. Refusal of a government’s money0 j! f% ]7 j( L/ i# G9 ]
$ R) {6 U7 D* z( f1 l
Action by Governments: E5 Z/ H1 T7 H3 C
92. Domestic embargo
* `( G- o* g( l, m; a2 n 93. Blacklisting of traders" d3 F! b" D, J- ?
94. International sellers’ embargo
: v( Q3 o, _6 P7 {* n7 X 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 ], Y3 L; `8 U( F% }9 l) Y8 K 96. International trade embargo
! W2 j- I3 Q8 c( C0 k9 Y: O% L5 c9 t% h9 L6 ]: r6 P! w: V
1 S' ?) \2 S/ t; q7 E. J+ B
7 Q9 C& }& D/ v7 Z1 @" hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE/ E" @0 t. d, E1 n, L/ M# C5 a& v9 I
2 |! r" c# G, M# w" S! _3 e0 t + s% f) C- m2 R* E5 \4 d
Symbolic Strikes
: E& R0 T2 i1 X' v$ Y 97. Protest strike, D4 c7 H2 Z4 _2 p# ^
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
8 T6 N# q% F, [$ w
4 S2 s" {: j/ w0 k& h h% uAgricultural Strikes C; D2 g ^, l3 [1 a' ?/ f; D% ~- A: }
99. Peasant strike
& B @; ^8 r7 O& C* y4 s9 {" V 100. Farm Workers’ strike& o$ S- n F$ \: d
5 M8 P- C0 C/ ~: t9 U8 R
Strikes by Special Groups
]5 u" K# z& [/ [; H. w7 d 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 `7 u2 g. V( j 102. Prisoners’ strike3 R8 W# S1 X) {1 _- l+ S; G# d
103. Craft strike1 m4 S1 V! ]0 O8 F* A. M
104. Professional strike# `% G* e7 N' S0 I& {+ [$ L9 d
7 b: m3 q+ x1 l8 w. ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 s7 Z! b8 Y1 e' }8 R
105. Establishment strike: Q) ~1 Z8 M8 D" d
106. Industry strike
4 P) S4 K5 P8 P0 n; _* M/ V- K 107. Sympathetic strike9 l! C, t e0 ] t" f; }* _. Z( T
# s( f' u1 b1 u% i, N. c @
Restricted Strikes+ B# g" q7 a; ^4 B; e" h& P( {+ T
108. Detailed strike
& m% ~) O6 \- x7 [ 109. Bumper strike0 W$ r! g, s& b& x4 t
110. Slowdown strike4 z5 W' U( t1 s" A( S% ]6 j; Z, U7 B% g
111. Working-to-rule strike; @- @# P2 {4 E& O7 W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' A+ q# F, D: ^% y
113. Strike by resignation
a$ E% ?2 l- f' T 114. Limited strike
2 V- Z( U& y+ d 115. Selective strike- ?$ w/ [9 |% x% @
3 R3 [ H* d/ n$ f
Multi-Industry Strikes6 I/ [- Z- v" F/ k
C) [1 X' K7 O. r; k& z
116. Generalized strike
' P% L, ~- @* w0 T K5 ^# W$ f% F: C8 F1 N. c7 I' M/ {# g
117. General strike
4 g ?* h, W/ S' |& \& g; o& p0 Z0 v, T# u
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: W( i; q" W3 B5 w* Y' C. h/ B3 ^9 W- l: i5 z7 w4 t
118. Hartal
5 W, I# T2 T) |! H% s3 e* O# F& i; g% i( r6 b
119. Economic shutdown1 `- W- ^6 i8 K7 S& w5 T
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% N0 m4 o4 w7 `9 K& T4 I1 r0 v; B$ m$ J2 n: ]& l- w( \0 U4 C1 _
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
q6 u \7 ^7 C: T- P2 w
1 y9 E+ r/ M, v! }2 e" q" z
5 ]# \4 W2 B% [Rejection of Authority
: O4 U8 S1 B M/ K4 ^$ r 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) p+ O4 v* Z2 p ~" m4 _- z. {
121. Refusal of public support
7 u5 C9 n0 b3 ~7 E" E3 q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
[9 z4 P v" A: r8 c( v3 d, a6 Z- x# H: h g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: P* M% K1 v% x 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# Z& o5 g. {2 a, z L 124. Boycott of elections
; {! s" F( W) C& N 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# { G1 H; ]2 m/ ], i6 h- h( M 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 ?7 n% `& l; g6 a. H5 d
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# r% Y) D5 `4 E2 q+ M! ]" y# C/ \ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 c/ i: A/ F: A1 E, h7 z& t
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: m: _: T% ~( i8 D$ N8 p 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks2 N9 V: J* G+ O
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ q/ d# x! V# G5 p- x 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; K" g# T( v2 W- W$ Q
: N0 U% o9 w# ~5 C( p9 S+ s
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" l" }1 L9 ~ V% T+ k2 T$ S9 I# X 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) O% w. {! B! }( J0 P5 y/ a7 m 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& q# o1 y' A; e7 q, r 135. Popular nonobedience& z) u) E9 A' M1 o, ~/ c1 e9 I( n
136. Disguised disobedience0 w2 j: c) P' k7 J7 H7 Q$ N
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 ~' x9 e- [2 v 138. Sitdown! D2 J1 o$ m. D5 ^! _; L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 ~1 r( M2 I0 X' x$ W% k3 i% | 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) M/ |- u; H; y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 ^8 B1 {& t0 h0 x! u" K
$ q& ]+ t7 Z" }0 N) e. {) ~2 Y' ~Action by Government Personnel
7 k9 W9 F& E7 f- X4 [4 P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 z4 P" X7 w' t! @2 m" [
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; N7 t' k) |2 E) a5 v" {" m
144. Stalling and obstruction+ W# h* v- Y. u" N9 L
145. General administrative noncooperation
. R9 d6 d* O) w2 }9 `& x8 `! C- Z; Q: j J9 H$ ^
146. Judicial noncooperation
; x2 Z2 e6 P( [8 |6 T! ~/ Y0 z1 L 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, J2 v9 N( ~ Y! j$ m+ n1 B9 ] 148. Mutiny1 S v5 y- s+ C6 E* y# f
Domestic Governmental Action
4 ?4 T2 S% J+ l9 e4 U; N7 f1 j 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 ~9 n- r0 ^3 D% L4 P& A 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% X' q4 V6 X2 r, ?! c
4 ^1 ]7 P( G( c" _
International Governmental Action* Q, y$ s( m; s6 t8 N: C
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 M' m( i# E' [! N5 B5 Y/ w3 s- S 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events f* f. V1 t. }* m. |
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition' r9 |, ~0 _: q/ Y- l
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- y. u) z2 ~5 e0 W1 h4 V, b# O
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 d5 s' L y# J+ e; z5 i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 [" m& K9 H& K6 W& ~3 v2 D
157. Expulsion from international organizations
: w; M2 J! c- d' o2 v. X' V5 @/ ~
1 R% j5 H3 G9 {: e
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. T/ t8 Z6 I/ o6 [( u8 H3 aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
+ F X4 E! s- D3 a b0 Q8 e0 u! u5 l
1 `# ~2 `7 i+ t* Z : j8 r/ x" p5 X5 g6 q1 ^
Psychological Intervention; C: s2 Q) {% x2 m2 @: F
158. Self-exposure to the elements
( c, Z' I! E. _3 p9 V 159. The fast- \ q+ ] z+ b L
a) Fast of moral pressure* d# i( |+ p. I
b) Hunger strike7 M5 H# k t7 b5 [0 n
c) Satyagrahic fast5 \' b7 T1 D5 f: e7 O% G' r4 h5 @6 q
160. Reverse trial9 D6 W) U5 v* i1 L
161. Nonviolent harassment
6 E- q3 z/ }2 U7 n/ _; x4 b7 B. ]/ I
Physical Intervention1 a9 l- t2 p9 `1 g
162. Sit-in8 e4 C/ q: S y ^* T {
163. Stand-in5 {; _+ n( V7 W y& w" Y3 \
164. Ride-in7 E6 Z; ^% l: x1 \0 Q) I) \
165. Wade-in
" U. Q1 }/ M: l& d- Y N 166. Mill-in) b* Z7 G: L4 Z8 W/ n! r+ \
167. Pray-in8 H1 g& Z$ q: a% @. r$ f
168. Nonviolent raids6 P6 q# q3 Z% Z, x, E, g
169. Nonviolent air raids/ M3 H6 @: Z6 _6 {( Y" H5 H
170. Nonviolent invasion
+ H* J0 G. U; D/ U0 `& _ 171. Nonviolent interjection
$ ?7 F% \ ?# |' x1 M8 [: Q 172. Nonviolent obstruction2 G# t( d, S# h- D4 O3 E* o
173. Nonviolent occupation- B* V7 [/ U* ~7 [4 i# w
0 h/ _9 r: z( O( ~Social Intervention& S" L- K7 Y9 w1 w5 S. L! a
174. Establishing new social patterns2 w* N' V0 {, W J, D+ h
175. Overloading of facilities, U& r7 n# ?+ E& A; }
176. Stall-in
) `& Y V9 R$ i2 m: L M3 R 177. Speak-in, y# Y* M; h1 N2 D+ U, `# W
178. Guerrilla theater
% W. o5 _2 G; R4 @+ I1 H* r8 d% V$ C 179. Alternative social institutions6 g# f1 M! x n: S
180. Alternative communication system
+ A! C7 I2 ]. i# Y2 A8 L. x; A- k1 M
% f0 ?* R7 r& P6 G* fEconomic Intervention
9 \/ v/ G# |, c) Q ~0 _& O: j2 M o 181. Reverse strike
. D0 G& K M3 }, A$ Y, i: I' l 182. Stay-in strike
: v8 W, r* y3 r, y2 b4 a 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 l$ _: n, N0 Y$ V) Q0 x( ?7 K 184. Defiance of blockades
( M" ] e/ g8 r5 y7 c0 X0 O* U; | 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 N4 ^. q' [2 x. n; d. U: r
186. Preclusive purchasing
m8 }5 A! x o 187. Seizure of assets
+ ]1 m, y5 W3 s$ k% u! F2 X, ]+ {% I 188. Dumping
h( o4 k9 F7 d 189. Selective patronage5 {, w5 B4 H" y5 u
190. Alternative markets% q2 A% K6 C I. U
191. Alternative transportation systems
|& S4 f$ K% c/ |6 Y- L 192. Alternative economic institutions7 a3 i. d6 a; M7 H- o# s' q/ C: j
4 j( ]( {! A2 ~Political Intervention! V, Z7 \* F+ f
193. Overloading of administrative systems2 s: H6 {8 S% O8 W% R
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ J$ |2 q, t( t. S 195. Seeking imprisonment
7 M9 @' l- g& e! U" V) ^1 [$ A# M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: s3 c$ U* H/ H& K5 j 197. Work-on without collaboration
_8 o. O( g9 S' X* b3 n. {4 w 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
