 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 B! T1 k: n: ^: M* f3 zFormal Statements: @0 }: |) U* a4 z$ C) A
1. Public Speeches' \; u- h- g. h( Q$ H
2. Letters of opposition or support
* R7 h2 T" q& |3 A 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions" H5 l1 o) l! U9 f8 ^
4. Signed public statements2 A/ H. C! \* W1 u( s- k9 W4 f% P
5. Declarations of indictment and intention; R" @, }! G" Q7 s
6. Group or mass petitions
9 b$ R- q6 Z$ }9 H6 b& _$ ]# o+ z. G/ @5 w; ^% B1 S. B
Communications with a Wider Audience8 r C' v @2 ]: F: G2 l! o$ V1 b3 a
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 s6 J) U5 u, ~$ ^9 W 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, @/ a4 C3 ]1 e6 C6 P- B 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& I4 [" k( X' D w# X3 u
10. Newspapers and journals
. C- f# ^0 @" a% V$ J$ b" O+ z 11. Records, radio, and television# M/ d7 l* V8 x6 ^
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ l3 {" z* i* D
0 d5 P" r! e, t0 L- \' Q4 P$ jGroup Representations
* L! R' ]/ f; t- F$ n0 b' S 13. Deputations
3 L% ] I+ P k3 k" C( ` 14. Mock awards0 c4 \' A, v7 A, m3 X$ P) m
15. Group lobbying' p W+ b' e n4 `
16. Picketing( \) v- [9 K# h: T
17. Mock elections
6 B( z/ F* \5 o) o
: f- F9 C* V9 V/ z! PSymbolic Public Acts% Q O4 {8 B2 I! f. s: B% Y, i
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
Z6 |( B! `- F- x; z" U 19. Wearing of symbols
0 n" A9 N) ^1 P* w 20. Prayer and worship
) B8 h3 E7 W- K, T. L 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" Y) q2 X. g4 k G8 o$ G& P 22. Protest disrobings
; ? S9 D1 U/ X( |+ v 23. Destruction of own property3 I% n A! W' g5 H6 V$ V
24. Symbolic lights2 J4 C1 u( b1 ~& C( ~
25. Displays of portraits
- B* B4 Q& S; g7 `' Q- q7 B 26. Paint as protest
/ t( [8 a \; m 27. New signs and names" g5 f2 d- n0 x' v3 L1 [4 m2 p8 h
28. Symbolic sounds
7 R. y; _3 Y' A 29. Symbolic reclamations
( G/ z" F }$ K; c: M( l! U 30. Rude gestures
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7 `: {9 d- Z9 r/ Y6 P2 `& }Pressures on Individuals
+ F& R- m0 A8 a% k 31. “Haunting” officials
+ p' S( E0 P; Q* w0 o+ }6 m 32. Taunting officials
( V' O: h* T c# Y6 } 33. Fraternization
0 q- H; K+ F: W0 J" Q& D, r `7 t 34. Vigils( |# s. M: {6 l6 W: c2 Z u% b1 [
5 W& m$ k3 C; h5 t) }( ^
Drama and Music u% V0 Y" B6 k' W
35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 `( J8 I# O: z5 ^ 36. Performances of plays and music
; x6 z2 l1 z) y 37. Singing: X& Z6 |& q3 _
. W# j3 o) x5 \' XProcessions
2 n* B) u0 R' S 38. Marches
/ \. K" J. r* b7 f* s$ [0 ~+ [ 39. Parades2 B. @4 l) d8 s& C! B# F
40. Religious processions3 i0 k$ p5 z! u/ ]3 N& c" y
41. Pilgrimages! \' @/ T1 n& M+ J) D
42. Motorcades
0 J$ _9 H5 f. O0 ^% P6 R% s
9 S. c! N$ m9 y" t6 }; wHonoring the Dead
6 O: P- s7 \' h9 [+ h 43. Political mourning
- d" E) h+ t' g3 R 44. Mock funerals
m9 y+ I7 j+ f6 V 45. Demonstrative funerals- R& f2 S5 ]* `' Z
46. Homage at burial places
" z7 u, t5 i3 ?: Y; d7 u! z: p% K, K& l" d
Public Assemblies( p4 e1 e4 `8 ^5 ?& q
47. Assemblies of protest or support
, l( T2 s X* k, r% X5 N# g3 { 48. Protest meetings
; f* G A( z e" d5 e5 C- O/ v7 B+ _ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ T i, H/ J/ E5 d o
50. Teach-ins
# D) s+ g8 R6 X' \- u, h) o
- k3 }4 _( x% p' A# @ t; W2 G: f6 l+ r' dWithdrawal and Renunciation
- G1 z9 a0 i* T7 k. c/ a 51. Walk-outs5 N5 V. m% ~% w
52. Silence
3 \9 e @, Y. p" n |+ q7 Z8 S8 r0 F/ @: @ 53. Renouncing honors Z: a5 c l. H) |
54. Turning one’s back- D7 V* b( \/ l/ ?" r
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9 U( e4 U- Q8 V+ ATHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION m% W% [9 z3 s3 d- D7 z4 r) X
1 F* b# Y6 C4 [, v2 y : |: H; N; ^8 T/ v( Z* C5 ^
0 F# v7 E- e3 V i0 b# x( Q& @Ostracism of Persons% v& n* E. L/ c( ~6 U
55. Social boycott
9 D2 g5 K- u" {/ m/ l- b z 56. Selective social boycott. ]: g3 E1 ^) H6 q, i' Y
57. Lysistratic nonaction. s) v" c" L8 z
58. Excommunication, q& g: E1 n, T0 {0 v o
59. Interdict/ Y5 L0 x' r7 U9 l5 Q N. l! p
2 c: _3 ~3 Q5 l V' vNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
. L0 ?- e U0 S& S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. J3 A! D" c) {$ T1 c9 Y 61. Boycott of social affairs
+ o6 g3 s+ M* l6 Z 62. Student strike4 w8 i4 b' Y. ?. R
63. Social disobedience4 U' P* `# P$ ^4 g
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System
# o1 c( x) N. E# B 65. Stay-at-home
% X/ p4 g: _+ e$ v. e7 O 66. Total personal noncooperation& F5 H( t7 k" W9 U# v
67. “Flight” of workers( h6 O3 l8 o! F0 U9 b, F
68. Sanctuary% O) @0 z! x k
69. Collective disappearance7 U* r2 I" o: ~2 c- W
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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$ {7 t6 @" k) d2 ]0 t" ^
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
! O/ I* R) f; c J7 `$ D4 F& y" O7 b0 J8 w3 i8 \
6 d7 y; O: C" b% T: E3 FActions by Consumers% a6 a; K) B- c/ X" A
71. Consumers’ boycott* m( z/ O1 V5 S, t: \8 l
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 v/ W! U& W) G9 W5 K" i* i
73. Policy of austerity- u) i# h8 a) x
74. Rent withholding& q( E5 j4 Z7 O& r- Y
75. Refusal to rent
! @" _# Q6 J: U* V# L, k 76. National consumers’ boycott
8 `/ x7 o7 _, K0 F( _ 77. International consumers’ boycott& \" T9 a3 j) k M4 ^9 Q
6 D- [4 W! N+ k1 P4 O; D
Action by Workers and Producers
: v( m" i. p; b3 e3 T 78. Workmen’s boycott
9 F: M& i9 s+ M0 ] 79. Producers’ boycott
4 F( L2 Z5 Y6 Q j9 E8 V" @
1 T. b1 D6 i# ?; M& JAction by Middlemen! W: P' A( [. I0 e% `) F
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& @& G( [0 I8 c. R" O4 C
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Action by Owners and Management
4 E( s v6 Q9 y( K- _ E6 X 81. Traders’ boycott
. t1 y8 j6 c1 ]% R( {- b 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 s) A- f% ^" r8 D7 B0 C
83. Lockout
6 Z0 |# d- {1 z# \ ~ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance d( c# x- M2 N5 N1 q2 K) J8 i+ ~
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 D) W$ T+ ^1 j* K) x
z" S0 ?4 o" s* }. u1 y9 q/ jAction by Holders of Financial Resources
. K# _: ~ r) e. _9 J6 }; C! h 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) H2 {( |1 s4 _ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 D" }) `( `8 A7 m
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: |7 U& U$ M5 ?7 Y1 _, ?8 e
89. Severance of funds and credit
( [( s% k8 t0 q0 S6 Z9 H$ J 90. Revenue refusal
7 ^3 f) g) C+ I+ A% ~ 91. Refusal of a government’s money. f" f. ~6 n7 u8 J3 Q4 M7 h
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Action by Governments4 A+ c! n2 v) o9 {
92. Domestic embargo
3 }( V* Y1 }" D4 r: D9 @( t 93. Blacklisting of traders/ v7 H) d4 {+ s: q9 ^7 ?! _1 k
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 y* f3 P1 R' J 95. International buyers’ embargo3 q) x- Y. j% B- t
96. International trade embargo
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6 S0 H: S- z0 O: `' V( w; XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 T5 O X. ?8 U& \
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: W* Z1 Q- ~' I) F9 ESymbolic Strikes
7 f2 ^) y5 a$ M3 X' i 97. Protest strike
4 p4 ?1 b9 w0 k/ z3 X7 y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). W: z% X8 b3 \! I4 K
; e" x, }6 {9 _# W/ z. e: \7 zAgricultural Strikes
0 N& G& O: T* }% f, h1 }! T 99. Peasant strike% w3 D7 S; b4 u* {( T& ^, O, W
100. Farm Workers’ strike" r- V7 x1 {8 h" ^+ n1 i
2 _5 R( ]! X0 b1 j% b5 S5 K7 m' bStrikes by Special Groups) c0 ]$ l% `* q8 F5 d* V
101. Refusal of impressed labor
* e: `7 k6 p# e$ X6 b 102. Prisoners’ strike) u- M5 ~; y9 H- A& ~. }' w# q& P
103. Craft strike
2 w/ U% ~ ~' Z! T9 n 104. Professional strike
5 k6 i2 q L7 C
$ r7 B: N$ M8 l' M9 o! l& tOrdinary Industrial Strikes
! \7 ~4 X) `2 L7 h1 ~' k 105. Establishment strike
7 P6 L: P, H9 v$ S5 B( i3 F1 j4 d 106. Industry strike
/ n- P/ g; _" I5 S* I. D* a1 e 107. Sympathetic strike3 ] E( p- M1 K; l: T
7 G/ l( G# N. |
Restricted Strikes
3 X! i: i) s t- ^+ t/ D( v 108. Detailed strike6 n! W, S8 O7 V- Y! z \0 j( ]1 g
109. Bumper strike
7 ^6 Z" x: u, O8 Y0 | 110. Slowdown strike3 e9 y2 C# i0 O1 i
111. Working-to-rule strike
# \$ |0 _6 ?' p5 a2 l, ]2 U/ M 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 v, B) K7 J3 |- A 113. Strike by resignation
5 Q4 U; i9 ^8 N X) p 114. Limited strike
: k: Q. P7 G: A' D 115. Selective strike
0 L+ U! F, a0 T. v1 a. Q* G2 B# e" A3 C4 z& i# Z( I
Multi-Industry Strikes* ?% n$ q" C* {& n4 a( Y
" g c) h+ W$ x0 ~5 L2 a& P 116. Generalized strike) B" y: j4 T+ d4 i
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117. General strike
2 p$ s A2 W! t+ P) X1 B, F- f& X9 a/ K/ m
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 U8 f8 q' n' v4 a% P
8 R/ r% D5 H; G; p 118. Hartal; p0 Q8 i" U# L& E- _* G, K3 @
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119. Economic shutdown
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. t2 p& Y0 i; k- O V% HTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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, r! H0 I1 U" A* Q- i6 Z3 SRejection of Authority5 `- G/ C& C% y5 V4 r
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 ~. |2 _) V. ` H7 g
121. Refusal of public support3 Y. O8 U2 ]# v) m
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 u/ [6 C, g9 S0 _( k
/ S6 q& S4 F& I7 ^ [3 k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: c/ ?, j# q, z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies* M" U l0 Y+ @! ]/ A7 V
124. Boycott of elections
6 Z& m* C6 u" b& e; u6 r1 R 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 y5 r+ b. t# M( v/ h& p 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: u" ?, U/ u! Z' x( \
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 T- ^$ z' b; F. S4 }; E/ v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 C! c7 `- }- Z/ s
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 T& m* ^( r/ }- G% z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) O0 E" q9 }* x7 ?" K, p 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( g; U1 j' u) z% ^: W% h; G1 ` 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 N; v5 A) \& T; Q$ Y
$ z* l. Z: H0 j1 D3 B- n6 WCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; l* Y9 R" E' M+ Y( _6 G; q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 A+ F/ o9 R0 j4 U1 D3 P 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" s7 |' y! |* U) W: l* i
135. Popular nonobedience
- p( }# _/ J) v) E' \6 }" ?' a" C 136. Disguised disobedience; Z( E( O1 m8 n' M& w( f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& b4 u4 `$ P; q6 P; G 138. Sitdown( S+ `* ^7 E! r6 u+ M! Y8 e/ L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 `# E4 t6 R! o+ G }4 p 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 U3 S1 {# H# ~6 w5 n 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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: k3 O+ x! J: ^+ D% i4 V: w4 dAction by Government Personnel3 g! `; G4 b* R8 g; Z7 o
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 y* M0 Z) G; N 143. Blocking of lines of command and information; w3 t7 ^* |1 L+ L8 G
144. Stalling and obstruction3 B1 K x" I# Y/ D
145. General administrative noncooperation X7 z, K C/ m+ @: \) c5 p
* h3 ^1 m# D! N* j! S) w: u$ n 146. Judicial noncooperation0 z9 `. }7 ?4 _: R
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 [, n) V4 Q3 m/ U' p" Y
148. Mutiny
! f$ g6 S) `2 k/ g8 S) M2 ^, [Domestic Governmental Action
( g0 b/ |/ v: N3 K, R# s 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) q6 n1 F0 |( \2 A2 w) {' h 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 }( r+ |7 {& A. G
. W0 w2 y B6 C
International Governmental Action
! r( G3 {. ^6 j4 B% }' S" C" b 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 i6 y3 W& X7 E- i, X. b' T 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ v9 D3 ^6 x' z4 v, t" D 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; d) L. D% s7 t$ U$ [
154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 V3 z% v; y9 \" h: n; U
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 c7 A7 Q0 h; w' p 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 G# }! T+ L7 B: |
157. Expulsion from international organizations; O, ]* Z6 {7 | C5 H
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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1 o1 n& |4 m: |/ t, T$ l! UPsychological Intervention
% H1 b. u; E5 q& V1 ` 158. Self-exposure to the elements; N$ {8 W% P/ [$ d
159. The fast
; C* Y, Q# v7 w( r1 l$ a. c a) Fast of moral pressure
/ L' ~. Y0 ^4 ?+ X b) Hunger strike: K4 Z3 A) t& T! s
c) Satyagrahic fast7 M: d% m' e& a7 F( O
160. Reverse trial
6 }+ `, h- W/ j* p7 B4 b9 g, ^' y 161. Nonviolent harassment
. ^+ Z7 d5 {: M9 `9 \4 e$ y2 [ \5 M2 q) y: b$ Q
Physical Intervention( M' {: O$ |2 }) ]) _
162. Sit-in
: V* A7 L* P8 t- u 163. Stand-in' F. S6 |& F# r# R- d$ Y) ?
164. Ride-in0 B$ r' J5 m; S3 S
165. Wade-in+ N( h0 t( d6 M
166. Mill-in
0 u4 q5 l6 o+ i8 X$ G: g. J. h1 E3 A" _ 167. Pray-in: ?/ X+ P% ^) a( z; B
168. Nonviolent raids
, B% p3 _; `. C 169. Nonviolent air raids
: i7 S$ {. Q p3 e" e, l 170. Nonviolent invasion& d% i2 G3 y! T9 R2 B- i
171. Nonviolent interjection
% |: J. j, S. f# V% i! Y0 E 172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 n2 `1 k+ Z5 Z/ H5 A3 ] 173. Nonviolent occupation+ g6 t! h9 P6 e- x+ M
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Social Intervention
, M4 |6 b$ D2 i, M( Y% j2 t0 b 174. Establishing new social patterns* x1 P! y# ~4 R( L7 i: C
175. Overloading of facilities
, L ]+ g/ L% j* y1 j# I 176. Stall-in2 `' W9 K' l" D( V: j" d
177. Speak-in: C+ d9 b6 w2 v$ k
178. Guerrilla theater( _% r( e% L( S5 [$ X% C
179. Alternative social institutions
5 m& s; O# k+ P: Y& K+ B4 L9 _ 180. Alternative communication system0 o+ c8 Z3 b2 C" u
- Z8 p9 q" Q- U/ x# ?' [Economic Intervention
- \' @ j3 O3 a/ w3 r0 @ 181. Reverse strike( N8 A' G; [) U- o, N" K4 k, G$ _
182. Stay-in strike
# C! P; i. Y0 S& R/ Y l 183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ A5 v' P, j7 E, \& z. } 184. Defiance of blockades
- F; X8 b8 Y4 p0 C/ r! V 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 h6 ]( l0 {, m# N- [& f- p' W& G 186. Preclusive purchasing9 B" t/ P$ a6 {( c
187. Seizure of assets$ G% E- {# | `! m( w3 `
188. Dumping
7 p7 f, M' U( @. h+ Y& @4 _9 ? 189. Selective patronage
) R0 g. g! i9 I$ _7 N% K% s4 w3 \! R 190. Alternative markets/ E% S1 _' B3 e2 _8 u
191. Alternative transportation systems+ I8 B6 k6 y" C+ O& {/ L! J8 Z
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention. a+ K/ r) q; k, f6 Y+ `9 u! \
193. Overloading of administrative systems5 {" n' `+ |. N* t) z. p
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 }! G( i3 V. w! _) m, r% ?8 r
195. Seeking imprisonment/ I9 b, A9 _! x5 H1 N K2 E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
6 Q7 f' h2 ~ t F 197. Work-on without collaboration
! K1 I- e; t7 N4 @; U; w) } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ X0 d/ }/ {( }3 j
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
