 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; J `& c8 Y' S5 Y p
Formal Statements+ B5 B3 }! ?* d) y3 H$ i
1. Public Speeches6 @) \5 ~8 [6 M# J% ?
2. Letters of opposition or support/ d% ]! h* N5 y3 Y s( e
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions \/ l, ^3 p( h
4. Signed public statements9 U- i; L; G* x/ S7 }
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- [3 ?" e7 H7 ` ^5 Z$ V0 F 6. Group or mass petitions
8 G: K" z1 @0 a3 h- b# L; B! V0 ^) j7 O* Z t; n, H! r' W$ C
Communications with a Wider Audience
" z6 S" ~( j- O. c4 X/ L* A 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# a1 ~9 n; c* f( g 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. T& X2 s' Z' w2 z% P0 P. |
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* y/ a6 c* x/ S; U 10. Newspapers and journals
1 v) y: O! G7 v8 N. b0 W: ? 11. Records, radio, and television
, z2 y" {8 x# e0 h7 `" ? 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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Group Representations) A& |, L$ z7 N; ^! ?0 z9 X# P2 D! K
13. Deputations
( ^* K4 z* x4 K9 S' ~% A 14. Mock awards; {! |) e% h" k. @$ @5 B
15. Group lobbying
) u, U9 R/ R) z$ k2 G" T! u {" n! | 16. Picketing4 ]2 v2 ^7 G6 g$ s4 G5 P$ Z) v* q
17. Mock elections8 Y l. I6 i' L0 h- D0 |
. p* e/ q+ P/ VSymbolic Public Acts
# v. m/ g/ ^ x' _' k/ J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 R% }9 f1 D' p& p3 W6 ]+ [) x
19. Wearing of symbols
( V- t( y N+ w8 _ D 20. Prayer and worship2 V6 `" k, k& R N# X
21. Delivering symbolic objects
. t# |$ }7 j3 S2 y; j2 m 22. Protest disrobings
Z( ~. F' v/ ]# [7 a 23. Destruction of own property. Q) B+ Y/ | g2 d0 P; n
24. Symbolic lights; a4 L) }$ a- D5 s s
25. Displays of portraits
1 h2 j7 |# O7 v! `- q% R 26. Paint as protest6 L( _* ^ w$ P$ n4 `
27. New signs and names
?& N. y& F' E# K1 A7 V. N 28. Symbolic sounds
0 u3 s: c, W; W8 s( j! [3 ?* x4 K 29. Symbolic reclamations6 ^- N" w4 }/ c' u5 s
30. Rude gestures5 R. a" F$ m6 G9 \; }1 m/ Q0 H. F3 h. q- V
4 ?" O. [% M; R ]
Pressures on Individuals
( b1 A4 f V$ K2 U: A 31. “Haunting” officials
/ [8 |% L) L4 x& J 32. Taunting officials! X- Z1 x. f& l9 o) Y$ q) {
33. Fraternization
9 X" E/ |) A4 o C; J 34. Vigils
9 ?/ p1 m* I8 @5 t% u% ]8 l' q+ \) D P, x( ^
Drama and Music
& I/ T; s: M) e1 Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 \) G7 I) ~# W/ ~1 [% A' @ 36. Performances of plays and music
' T2 l6 ~1 r6 \; [6 O+ d4 i 37. Singing; z+ ^& l5 H# j. _% l
0 F' x2 e9 e6 H: RProcessions; n& v9 O: D F! G# L
38. Marches8 }3 O0 @, D" M4 k
39. Parades
" P% Q1 b' U( n, V) f" m9 N 40. Religious processions
% |, A, ~ U8 s2 q+ i% r$ V& I 41. Pilgrimages+ t3 h/ V5 y6 H2 J
42. Motorcades- A* |& q5 y1 R: A& [" M, W, W6 Q
# { l% N" ?7 Z$ O
Honoring the Dead' b f" @& P- \9 [ W" y) o! `' Q
43. Political mourning+ x2 _# S$ G6 j' R) }" z4 v
44. Mock funerals
5 I/ O1 ~0 ]3 V# r# f8 S1 P/ k 45. Demonstrative funerals
+ A9 u$ A. p7 r ]4 H. e" ~ 46. Homage at burial places
/ l6 x0 M' I& {! q! x* y& M x; b( S$ Q8 P5 t
Public Assemblies
0 x6 L+ k. j& d) s" n 47. Assemblies of protest or support3 A, ?0 L) Y4 L+ t$ @# K: O
48. Protest meetings
4 j0 H( ^2 J; {3 B3 _ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 y1 \/ h' B2 x. n
50. Teach-ins
# \. m$ S" i" z) K
/ P! p0 K# x) S2 Y# |Withdrawal and Renunciation7 t! r8 ~: v' { F+ X; M. [
51. Walk-outs% K) N6 }, H$ \& x0 [7 F' T
52. Silence6 H7 F9 W/ n) [1 u" l8 J, s; |+ ]
53. Renouncing honors& m+ @) R1 z1 g Q4 o# _4 x
54. Turning one’s back& p* N7 y9 S+ z5 T
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+ c- g2 ?* m' ?* i6 L( CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- i3 s& y" r: {) x& m( {$ F* F
, J* K0 M9 b2 ?, S r# o- N+ B P* g' m8 n. v2 \
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Ostracism of Persons
1 y, G% L% a# e2 i2 a 55. Social boycott
& j* `3 W! z# _* b8 Q$ T 56. Selective social boycott+ I* r% j8 M: j8 W8 L# ]& n
57. Lysistratic nonaction' P0 r' ?: [( w8 l4 E; I, e9 B t
58. Excommunication) C& l. m2 E3 V: b6 M
59. Interdict
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. o) ]3 Y: [6 r; ~& QNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: B: @4 `, `! u+ L" M! W0 ~! C
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- K0 j8 X/ g% j8 j* X 61. Boycott of social affairs
+ X+ l0 p0 v4 ^& x 62. Student strike9 k: l0 O( G$ k( m! ?
63. Social disobedience* v5 Z; B+ R# @5 L! a* U4 g" l8 Z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions, d; n8 {7 y& V/ T: ?) l9 }
& Z$ V* A7 ?# D1 w, W( G; o8 q4 A
Withdrawal from the Social System
, m* _' V! j: s) s4 F2 Y3 M6 g 65. Stay-at-home
A& @+ V3 f% K# O m2 x6 T3 B- y 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ i1 J% u* G7 J/ `. p 67. “Flight” of workers$ Y7 Q; |4 J+ V. t3 J- g
68. Sanctuary
& ~! R4 v% T$ n 69. Collective disappearance
0 |. i$ d1 W7 |0 A* b1 P" ~. }0 F 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 |: f9 j5 D" n5 a j2 ~+ z* y
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! |' q; A+ g- w, N' b; M* j" `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
2 K0 d* g% \- Z& U. D
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Actions by Consumers% Y' f5 U* a: B0 t
71. Consumers’ boycott
; I, {+ D1 u: \6 O5 ^" V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ h4 f$ { c+ C/ S# H" {
73. Policy of austerity
. C2 j+ r1 G- L$ } 74. Rent withholding
" v# P7 h9 u3 _) O* _/ T* L- m 75. Refusal to rent
' {4 B+ h1 p3 [9 f9 @9 J8 H 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 H5 S7 `# k4 _. h0 x: a 77. International consumers’ boycott3 V- Z. f8 Z) d6 V. S
9 [" a. f7 p/ z0 H0 K1 Y1 ]
Action by Workers and Producers O' B# x6 J# b, I: N V. E5 l+ ~( C
78. Workmen’s boycott8 v; H; \( s' ~. p
79. Producers’ boycott$ T! `( V! ]+ K* J- v/ L5 D5 C
! e1 N' u. b L2 t2 ~
Action by Middlemen
9 v& q, W) H+ d9 W( q3 j1 H 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 L+ T+ C; b% S4 h/ ~, B5 A3 @) \7 V4 ]$ S4 Y
Action by Owners and Management7 n% z, ~- A7 k8 l
81. Traders’ boycott
& o+ ]: [- F& V! ~3 g0 r$ v4 [4 N 82. Refusal to let or sell property n: w3 T+ }. C, E) w$ V
83. Lockout
: Z( R6 k" S) ? 84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 N0 e: v+ `( t$ Q8 J/ k8 B
85. Merchants’ “general strike”) D7 m6 M2 o9 Y! Y( S5 l; V! ~
' O9 u7 T- w# F% Z; o2 Z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 o! P8 V& ^7 [, @ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, u0 Q* ~7 T( H) t7 ?: f+ S
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 g% W6 i5 A7 }* r4 w! i4 A4 y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 n. u. m# {. U! F 89. Severance of funds and credit
: L4 c* V$ ^6 f" s 90. Revenue refusal
! V! r% D) H2 f* P 91. Refusal of a government’s money
% s' Z: T3 ?$ `. `. M2 u/ P+ C6 m2 `6 j/ m( W! F8 }/ D
Action by Governments
! f) C% Z0 @) Q+ {( b1 e% | 92. Domestic embargo6 G% O* i0 W/ G8 W
93. Blacklisting of traders/ _9 R$ K, k E& f" R( d+ j
94. International sellers’ embargo; W j% ?& R6 q7 m* u( ^' v* z
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 h6 c( \- @8 L( Q' ]7 d 96. International trade embargo
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) b( L& g# t5 U+ iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 T; e9 }. M P5 _/ E, {9 X$ \) N: H8 k( B2 y+ f
' ]3 M$ N( a" @3 g* _$ @Symbolic Strikes
/ d* `" \3 [, j& l/ F5 Q: v6 `/ r 97. Protest strike3 M$ r0 \8 o' o9 N3 r
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) ~! R L$ s0 _1 Q& O; t4 G* u5 Y
! {" ?2 Q0 N. p" W! L
Agricultural Strikes# U* V' a$ H$ ?; p- s
99. Peasant strike
5 g% _% [4 s9 b |- C9 M5 Q# w 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ T" ]# Y. O- [% M5 l6 A( h a- m4 S, O" b
Strikes by Special Groups1 y V3 L$ x/ L) P' R0 f& I* W
101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 ?& I% O8 I1 y. P0 k' q9 M" s 102. Prisoners’ strike
/ i3 y' S- L; r0 g 103. Craft strike% h4 S; [5 h6 [' w
104. Professional strike
2 N1 F: D' L5 o0 y; A" _5 X/ r. e U) p' O! T+ q* Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes& }5 _3 u9 b8 u# H
105. Establishment strike
( S) A! Y3 l' O# v( C3 B 106. Industry strike
+ {" N# K8 ^$ d2 o( Q+ Y$ I 107. Sympathetic strike& I8 `9 z. O9 S" e# _* u2 l
1 _- Q" p- R$ H0 L' ]3 H
Restricted Strikes
+ C0 U+ j# k9 `! r2 y 108. Detailed strike1 ?* m! O. s# M7 s+ g8 \
109. Bumper strike
: _+ T) p* X2 i$ y 110. Slowdown strike. m" z5 n1 i/ j, h! I
111. Working-to-rule strike
8 S% z: k5 @! K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 d4 l* }+ d" M' C' J! q3 f) a( ^
113. Strike by resignation; |2 R4 U: t0 |# [4 {
114. Limited strike4 w* q* U! H% k5 |+ h0 x6 _+ l4 i
115. Selective strike/ t+ F% Q' z& |: I! n7 o
' Y; m1 J2 [1 V/ t: L
Multi-Industry Strikes5 `4 ] \: k6 w: ~% e; ?
" |9 d+ B& _: z& a: S* A$ u( _" i" j* v
116. Generalized strike+ }( R" G6 ~* ?8 b Q! ^
4 K0 h" Q9 [1 D8 H1 C% `0 r
117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. t3 n) T# D' ?1 l ?* X; T4 n& I! X1 n5 ]/ e+ [
118. Hartal
; a. m- }9 r. A; D! x# U2 q2 U" i8 R- t) ~& q9 ?
119. Economic shutdown
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' L8 l. g9 i) ^) O3 F* E+ K( W8 |' G/ j) I9 R9 m1 `
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
$ C. Y7 e1 B8 S9 B) }5 Y' m+ z7 n0 C
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# V3 y8 }, z* V q0 O* r7 nRejection of Authority
% {0 ` M( V$ \# I( C% u 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 I9 B; J' b* j! ~. ]7 k
121. Refusal of public support4 r2 C+ `1 [$ t1 t% ]
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 k& H5 O0 g9 N9 A" B \' t+ C* ?5 a) }% Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 g( D+ q) P: y: C! Y' t, W9 \
123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 j2 ?/ _' _/ v& Q% L5 D
124. Boycott of elections
! T" c( q' k; C" u; p. s% f3 h 125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 }% n6 @/ y" j8 F; P. N& V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: R7 O3 }& F" r& b: e 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 I4 R5 o* W( Q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 G3 Y5 [7 M, w) O+ _6 @
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) j; u1 r6 v5 C/ o8 A
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& N3 p+ [) x" v6 d) s/ p' z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! @6 g7 c; x' i; | 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ _7 h9 S' a7 k* A9 e- Q
! S; k( r+ u& wCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! [% |0 ]0 v/ n6 h# U6 H+ B 133. Reluctant and slow compliance: T1 `- E& w3 y) F! S0 ?
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ B9 U7 z* c9 ]+ ~ 135. Popular nonobedience0 @+ @9 W) K2 _
136. Disguised disobedience5 i2 n2 G* B7 V& t( Z# f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 ^% D4 v, r) M5 T/ e 138. Sitdown
3 B- ^; W( \5 A% d 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 P3 @! ~4 V& B7 G; D- t7 }
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& m- c. z8 l, W2 S# e2 r% s 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ W1 L2 |3 k4 w
1 b" v! u- @9 G# x" m5 r ZAction by Government Personnel
# A' u( l9 {7 ~; `" Z+ e$ u% n* C 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. S" {; i! s0 K0 j1 K 143. Blocking of lines of command and information* V' \+ `8 l# k
144. Stalling and obstruction
: k) T, R5 S$ Y 145. General administrative noncooperation: X5 ? N3 n7 e* H) ?4 q
3 U' e; I$ w+ \( E0 |4 d
146. Judicial noncooperation5 e1 n4 h" C- e \; l; s! f3 @3 E
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
D* ]1 b6 e9 C8 M5 }" K1 U( j 148. Mutiny
$ A! d0 L1 I1 z3 aDomestic Governmental Action$ a" E$ a' M+ j- @9 S' o4 a+ d
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 h" M: I) W; ]; v2 e 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; N' \% I% F/ N1 }2 ^( o0 Y2 ~
' U! t9 N$ ]! z. }6 |International Governmental Action
0 P, G" f8 ^+ D$ n 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: |. M% n$ F9 n0 B& j$ P) S 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ Q8 ^# T& H, t
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 K) Z- C" R2 B" O2 U 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 s4 _' K" q; v/ a3 P 155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ ]1 k3 o _7 y7 L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- A. t! f2 |6 f( C" n3 h
157. Expulsion from international organizations; g: i0 Z* B3 v! o
: S/ T7 A! i' S7 h4 T
1 O k8 h, x# A) a, t: }% k8 Y+ }8 ]. Y& I
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ V Z- }, |; t4 G! o
+ M* `$ E/ \* D' h- N ! M% `" L8 L1 g9 D, l$ B! n5 K
Psychological Intervention1 t8 P1 S8 d5 @) o0 U* P' Y* B
158. Self-exposure to the elements( k& @. p' S' X' Z
159. The fast
4 q m6 H |7 Z: q) a a) Fast of moral pressure B" u4 H9 M( T9 N: }" ]0 h8 k( ]( L1 ^
b) Hunger strike
4 O n$ Y+ U; y6 W8 W( Y c) Satyagrahic fast
, ]8 y9 ]3 V. B 160. Reverse trial: w4 L$ `9 O4 S5 n; c5 c# n8 m
161. Nonviolent harassment; M, O _, S z+ o3 Q
0 ^( [1 {- m% p, i% m( \Physical Intervention1 C; `- \' ^! a& l
162. Sit-in
$ f) s9 @2 s4 K# ? 163. Stand-in
) b, e6 Q3 @" {$ V& w: s9 N/ {5 p 164. Ride-in
! U- W% R U$ k0 D' t' S0 s7 d 165. Wade-in
1 H5 m# P* r0 W 166. Mill-in1 i9 D2 ^. T" G6 x' n/ Y2 L
167. Pray-in
% U+ N; D- D) d6 \ 168. Nonviolent raids) E1 A. t z. d) H. B1 a
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 H0 T R r' Y. o3 i 170. Nonviolent invasion
( d4 D+ E$ A1 e* i1 l& X, ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection- V/ I% ?- r# }) ]2 s" K
172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ K! q0 P1 e( S# q 173. Nonviolent occupation
9 P: ~2 d1 |2 U m% F+ x, N
1 m# m6 m% N0 J9 {Social Intervention, g/ q/ W U, l+ Q w7 @
174. Establishing new social patterns2 J" t- G) ?9 E7 S" R
175. Overloading of facilities) W J& u0 y1 D. o! I
176. Stall-in8 i, O" D, F1 w* p
177. Speak-in) s! r: d. H3 v! d8 p
178. Guerrilla theater B& \$ d" T7 @
179. Alternative social institutions% Y/ r* |3 Q. a
180. Alternative communication system
! D3 Y( E, G$ `; P% b
! t, y$ z/ I4 d5 R0 cEconomic Intervention
5 g9 ^) |3 O! p `0 w9 b7 D0 O 181. Reverse strike
: u: w& ]( U6 k9 ?) `8 @ 182. Stay-in strike! k# c- C9 M2 B- F# Z# [8 @0 y
183. Nonviolent land seizure0 x" v0 K. h6 ]
184. Defiance of blockades+ i k, H ~5 ~/ b% h3 d; Z
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: b, w0 j: T! i9 Y 186. Preclusive purchasing& A3 ?7 Z2 M1 r# |0 X
187. Seizure of assets, e- `( |4 O" ]1 w& P
188. Dumping' n: {6 l" a. S$ U5 g
189. Selective patronage
( E2 ^) q: \9 g/ \6 x 190. Alternative markets
1 H) I# C: k6 \ 191. Alternative transportation systems
4 |( }1 [8 W# F# f0 @6 U 192. Alternative economic institutions. z5 z2 k ]7 D3 b! B
! k! s$ v" ]" k+ G
Political Intervention# b5 E h/ C0 U" \- m
193. Overloading of administrative systems' t& A- n- l u- k* w& k$ H/ h
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 g4 ^* \4 T, z8 g 195. Seeking imprisonment/ @* ?0 t% c& _% b, g% U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- n |, {" n8 d; N5 ~+ p4 s0 h* ?6 _8 Y7 Q
197. Work-on without collaboration/ e+ g R/ V; K% ?: d
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! f) s2 C1 r. u6 S4 F/ i
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
