 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; [! e0 d7 ^3 {; `- U3 t& mFormal Statements
# h. w2 c! @0 s1 b/ ~ 1. Public Speeches6 m! b R0 C: e9 m
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ }0 |% E8 r) w/ U, O" F 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! D1 ?# _: t" \8 ~ 4. Signed public statements
! S( z- d# Z4 ~- T 5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 ~9 Q, ^! Y" T8 F& `
6. Group or mass petitions; s# Y9 P: Q4 x7 v: B, [. o
/ U# J" M2 Y5 ICommunications with a Wider Audience
7 v7 r5 f) z( @- n% {' t 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 v7 k: q: P! ?9 f Z9 t N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% a* R/ f! p0 R+ m3 ? 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# G. v5 `: h2 e* N- U 10. Newspapers and journals: \& n& }7 P# a+ g l0 u
11. Records, radio, and television
& c- T! L J2 a 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 h$ Y( J" E% ]( k! d( e, x- p/ w# D, G9 x- _( \- g9 ^
Group Representations
1 q& J) |" h2 h( d( y0 k) c4 N- Z5 L 13. Deputations6 V, T3 y3 A* H; q/ A2 h4 ?! J$ v; J
14. Mock awards: o4 F: L4 }& n
15. Group lobbying
. {# Y$ a: t' R5 c 16. Picketing
! E' E- L' E' p r9 Y/ p s 17. Mock elections V8 A' h4 I( g: T! p; T5 A e
4 e3 f: I: T5 a# V7 P
Symbolic Public Acts
5 |2 `, c3 ?6 B9 j. x 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 T" v. y$ U$ v4 _: P 19. Wearing of symbols9 o1 Y' s: Q" q. c$ J' O
20. Prayer and worship1 L/ N$ E/ c( [4 j; F0 O* z
21. Delivering symbolic objects2 ~) Z7 d/ j8 l) E8 |5 O
22. Protest disrobings
. `5 G( ~* r& I A. ~0 Y 23. Destruction of own property
$ v0 o5 A# g% `8 W4 M 24. Symbolic lights5 h" P2 _# K; T0 S
25. Displays of portraits
) ~3 V8 z; _) C# [. [ P2 I 26. Paint as protest/ G$ X( |+ w+ g' [
27. New signs and names# d7 ?: D, A% f
28. Symbolic sounds7 l$ `7 c x6 [' I4 i/ n
29. Symbolic reclamations" O" i- Q; u: o6 ? u6 W( @
30. Rude gestures0 Z# J/ c! z. e0 `/ l
% Y# w6 L+ V& F+ H( s: C- r) ^Pressures on Individuals' T- K+ Y3 ?* K, u* \# N, o# M
31. “Haunting” officials
' E4 b2 O/ K; M3 z7 \ 32. Taunting officials
% h+ j! `5 L# K; j$ l$ r( v 33. Fraternization1 r3 z) W( h/ u& g
34. Vigils/ K0 y7 {6 X: C- R) p. y" X
7 Q9 T2 J1 l2 ^- u% Q/ MDrama and Music
; v% Z% \0 T. Y+ a0 k# H d 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- q" e( W/ ]3 h( ?6 R W 36. Performances of plays and music
H2 V z/ S/ c) Z 37. Singing" }' y8 y4 r! E
3 W& k+ h9 H5 K/ {+ i7 K: j. a+ w
Processions3 G8 V! q+ f) G" f
38. Marches
& j1 N4 e& a& d ^8 A$ M 39. Parades
/ ^' b5 Q+ k% I. A& N$ F" ^ 40. Religious processions
8 P6 P/ R0 R" X/ s o. ~ 41. Pilgrimages* y% B1 o0 M' f8 |+ ^
42. Motorcades
0 l3 l: ?! S- A2 q# W H" k+ }7 R+ [# p) W9 I
Honoring the Dead( p T8 @2 b3 S0 J
43. Political mourning* c# j& J& B1 b5 h8 w
44. Mock funerals
* D( s/ }# T! M; o 45. Demonstrative funerals& [( x+ m) Y2 ]. E3 M3 o
46. Homage at burial places
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1 Q7 R3 m* m* VPublic Assemblies% `: v# Z+ O& y6 C
47. Assemblies of protest or support, Y8 _ q! N3 @& d7 w {
48. Protest meetings& F) ?5 D" }4 q$ a
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# k3 Y5 C; U& R1 q# ^3 c 50. Teach-ins
4 j: Q. P; w0 \& U) B% Z9 S$ r8 ?- x9 @
* Z2 t4 v# I7 {# e* [& WWithdrawal and Renunciation
5 V: t2 z) V/ Z3 K. P. G+ r 51. Walk-outs, n) t t8 ?1 _8 I: W* T" S$ A- O
52. Silence. [' y' {* V' w9 X8 U
53. Renouncing honors. W- W o/ R* Q S+ M. |! ^
54. Turning one’s back
; J {7 h$ u, a- x; M/ E, o6 m- x, r" ]* E8 s' |
% n0 w- s6 X7 p$ J# v& R- x. B% p- `" I: x* F+ n
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. A* t' k- l/ z; K" O
( S% A/ H& s: k, P$ S* T
5 R1 T* r( K% \/ j( x. d3 R7 Q% s6 o6 o! u# R
Ostracism of Persons- a! Z0 ]- [. o2 j: g7 f
55. Social boycott2 f, R* W9 [+ S$ Q9 h$ I& n
56. Selective social boycott
( M6 W1 E" q; j2 y, Q 57. Lysistratic nonaction# P; G6 v, k. E2 q3 ~# g
58. Excommunication' t7 x5 f; Q# ]; d5 a8 d( d: l
59. Interdict2 _/ \, R8 o3 E7 F9 `0 V
- n5 Y9 u/ D& V& {1 k$ iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! b1 u9 A5 o; ~ a5 y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities @: R p' p4 P8 g/ S& u
61. Boycott of social affairs
- D$ F( e0 _7 N1 Y0 R# I 62. Student strike$ \- E1 C: _$ |& R4 C
63. Social disobedience
+ S* }! s/ b( P+ ]+ n3 K 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& s* o$ Q+ D1 o
* m( ^/ q" o. x+ |; X+ r ?. v2 q7 i+ ?$ f
Withdrawal from the Social System
& e# e/ d0 B, d3 i- l5 V5 i. b 65. Stay-at-home
* g9 m: x/ A# G. ? 66. Total personal noncooperation1 Q0 \5 P0 F$ ~# @, W
67. “Flight” of workers8 T9 H1 s6 J+ x! t$ t0 M
68. Sanctuary
# ` b. \$ g5 [. I( w 69. Collective disappearance. b' M4 r9 D: Y. ]
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
# d' R) n7 ^* U' ], m \- \2 n5 R' o& p3 k2 z4 |1 e4 I
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" f5 F C8 b/ Q- ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ m9 l v+ T' `
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& G* X" M- ~& }% Y7 I: n: I2 q
Actions by Consumers
' n& G- l9 Q; W {1 X 71. Consumers’ boycott7 D* b( F* q: {' N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 D* d3 h+ t$ C6 _- d 73. Policy of austerity+ r: i* Q' |* A9 G( u1 S
74. Rent withholding/ I2 g" [1 z) ^. T
75. Refusal to rent
. c# ?' Q5 z+ L0 a; n+ g 76. National consumers’ boycott ]; X7 w4 ?( [+ d ?' H
77. International consumers’ boycott5 L! O. d* J6 x$ B( X
8 b4 x `$ `/ E8 r Z( BAction by Workers and Producers
, @6 F/ r( t8 L/ l 78. Workmen’s boycott. v5 O, f4 i! g+ A
79. Producers’ boycott
1 ]' [ e" e) U1 [0 c* Y
. f7 b7 E. @% r6 mAction by Middlemen
: v3 V |# s/ v 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 L' T) q3 h8 S8 _+ P9 O. `4 Y
/ m l9 j$ {6 ^& `7 k W3 [0 |
Action by Owners and Management
: Y+ f( X# P! J 81. Traders’ boycott
/ {2 E5 Q% f0 x9 E& k 82. Refusal to let or sell property. G, v- W' N4 e4 c( S! ]3 o* Z
83. Lockout- [& ]4 A6 U- [1 ?3 R
84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 @" p- T+ c3 ^! L
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
; @& }0 ^8 z% ?# x4 J
( s" ]+ H/ K0 A9 eAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! r& Z0 }6 e/ [& O. y. B 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; b& D. V6 z% ?7 G 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 R, B& I! h m
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
Z$ v3 ]- ^4 E' m _ 89. Severance of funds and credit
* k" e* V) T( v, b1 C 90. Revenue refusal
, E8 i- m% M; `8 u, h8 b, B 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 K/ ^# ^; T p: ^- t: p
$ i: r3 J6 O, h6 _- e8 gAction by Governments
, j/ R4 a' q3 ?7 S- T1 | 92. Domestic embargo
5 X9 y+ ?9 g9 V5 }) P& X" {, F 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ y" s' O+ W% r: O9 D 94. International sellers’ embargo
% s% A& [- G/ n2 g; ? F, {: O 95. International buyers’ embargo4 g+ t0 g+ q: P' k: `9 Y/ {( t
96. International trade embargo1 ^* U2 ~' e2 G2 C3 r" x
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1 c w1 q5 P" G, z G
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 Y. u$ m: O" G( ^3 M3 d4 D8 M0 l8 b, D" }$ A& E! |4 H' a+ Q
( |" X% ^; M) H! @& VSymbolic Strikes0 s- ^9 S: v3 L
97. Protest strike
$ G8 D3 ^* S9 ]' A. v6 D$ q$ u9 i 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, W5 ], }% ^; e- x$ q3 g1 D8 u# T; n; v& y+ A; Z
Agricultural Strikes
; y7 X* w9 ]8 g 99. Peasant strike2 z! W p* F- w
100. Farm Workers’ strike
% ]: s4 |5 q' b1 T3 B0 O/ @0 Q9 }6 A X2 i) l9 @$ x
Strikes by Special Groups: y4 U- A* z8 i
101. Refusal of impressed labor
. S5 h6 w; {! k$ I2 k 102. Prisoners’ strike. M+ p3 y% m T' R$ [
103. Craft strike' X0 M- Y* w1 n$ O9 [* }* b
104. Professional strike
) q8 K: d7 `6 u) J
6 v4 ~4 l' ]" b4 y+ p+ @7 F `Ordinary Industrial Strikes, X: E: Z! y% F3 u; z$ e3 I
105. Establishment strike
1 F6 t! D9 D3 z2 j5 A: t1 C0 t- Z! O 106. Industry strike
) a2 k4 w2 c' n- A 107. Sympathetic strike
( D, ?3 N2 L, m- E/ F! X t
. w- I+ ~8 M0 B6 }, ZRestricted Strikes
+ V( M B, q, ?" {# l 108. Detailed strike+ d; `; ]+ z+ N7 c3 G$ R8 a* I( S
109. Bumper strike6 ]' `0 v* p) C$ R' A" ~* x
110. Slowdown strike: {2 m: S! q& z1 v8 q$ \. X
111. Working-to-rule strike
5 c: J( M( p6 t; ^ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 B% I7 o, f0 v4 C4 R7 i7 u 113. Strike by resignation2 W3 B6 T1 A4 \7 A9 w& x
114. Limited strike8 I- U7 J! k9 X7 N7 `0 l
115. Selective strike
3 M- n( ]/ Z* ~% D+ _
+ w& {1 c% I0 cMulti-Industry Strikes
! l- F5 A- x5 H; o* w4 V
3 q0 o f5 C; ~$ d+ ?8 ^ 116. Generalized strike" I/ p. q$ M7 x2 s/ O% L
5 G) l7 b+ m" t# R9 ^0 W 117. General strike! I/ O# H5 T, x* i& P, ^) _- M
, ^/ c2 L( {( x2 E' _, iCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. N1 {: r: \: y& E5 e
+ P; k3 h6 ?1 M1 P8 Y; B 118. Hartal
, V% e" Y4 V8 Z
! f* `( Q% M0 X& O5 H4 [7 y 119. Economic shutdown
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2 _4 Q# _$ K6 O3 K; `
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
; ] l" n; ~5 |% Q, x8 B% X- S8 d6 q0 E& R$ q9 u( b0 O3 X2 A; ~
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Rejection of Authority7 Q( i+ r3 ]' q; `
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: z9 p0 J& G* m2 o0 o" j; \, l 121. Refusal of public support* m. t2 e) B: J% Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
3 z8 j, |/ L3 o: c& X3 J, ]1 h9 G8 F: ~; m& ]4 F
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government# N; q) c" v1 U
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: A5 I" C; D7 X 124. Boycott of elections
0 S2 b( N4 B: Q! d: O+ U4 v( P 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 V; b. V9 M( A! c' N) w
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 q" z/ \; Q" ~6 `% L) [: }8 x* P" d 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& X) }( y% O" b0 k+ h
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 h& P% Y0 ?( A2 w A7 [
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! ~9 p* r1 d: s |8 V. e5 B( c 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) x" e! Q7 h" c" o- y3 V 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( T9 y; c4 `# }2 T0 r9 O6 B
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 r2 n$ S- w) G/ U5 f) ^. J8 K2 M9 h/ \$ X
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# O _# G4 V$ U1 W5 g$ ]" B4 S 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) [& }& G# f T( V/ A3 X( A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ b; K. ~3 z* g% r& V4 N
135. Popular nonobedience
. F+ f" }) S) u2 K2 G9 N* g6 a 136. Disguised disobedience
" G8 v3 F- R" s* n) b+ [2 J' } l 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ [7 l/ v$ L3 R
138. Sitdown' s7 c3 H2 R' s* O/ j2 I
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* R0 M% _+ _: }' t) t6 ^
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! \1 P, S7 L) ~5 Z9 d5 i
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* c; w0 j1 a0 H; O& S5 H( t/ x
: ~+ Y5 K( M6 {
Action by Government Personnel
+ c& J* b i1 ^4 K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! \4 O: i/ g `7 @# U* a* Z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information! o4 V- A- e1 x4 x! X; J
144. Stalling and obstruction/ u' h/ F4 L) m' Q1 y0 p# D
145. General administrative noncooperation" u( _* I9 j; O& s; _
1 v0 r( _/ I; H* W 146. Judicial noncooperation
" A' ~" G. j- G/ }1 U; ] 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 x3 }! ~: o2 `1 k1 d, L
148. Mutiny# }4 i1 X1 S3 c$ [+ ]
Domestic Governmental Action
5 l$ y4 s1 j2 F' }2 s% N! Q: H6 U 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 X Z) a2 V* k& [. m 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: [. L- w3 m/ V* Z' V* B& _. g* D- d! r& X5 M
International Governmental Action
& p0 \1 V G7 d) k( _5 E 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 p+ z8 }1 s$ G1 U* j
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 a4 [2 p4 b2 a) I 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 n3 e$ e6 F" J- z) } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, E5 o, ?: G( h5 _) o+ q2 m 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 F6 x' F) j! i# t
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
u5 |# e. Y. X7 E! L 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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+ w# C+ j5 i9 n6 M; cTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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2 @! ^' ]( p) D- _4 zPsychological Intervention$ N2 T p% |3 q" x# L! t. u" D
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ J p1 q7 Q e& p' i 159. The fast5 u1 `) t4 ?& ~5 Q& Q
a) Fast of moral pressure4 h. S% z9 U- {; Q5 q5 O. K4 F, i
b) Hunger strike
7 v! b% m( Q9 h8 S* q c) Satyagrahic fast
8 q6 p! a! Y% j9 l; T 160. Reverse trial
. v6 A4 x5 I% R+ h: m+ k. O 161. Nonviolent harassment" C4 y$ E0 Z) t& V% w$ U2 R/ b
5 f5 z( \- ]' U& g7 PPhysical Intervention3 a' d/ p% w! @% ^: X+ n& z
162. Sit-in) v0 `- T7 U% L2 y
163. Stand-in, m- t$ `' S7 y9 P; f2 _
164. Ride-in8 U. Y' I8 Z, y8 {& _! @* \
165. Wade-in! R3 w3 n6 e- Q
166. Mill-in/ |, \- }0 n/ ?3 a& u
167. Pray-in
& C2 R5 q0 W; _! @, _, y 168. Nonviolent raids4 r- ?: M! _# Z/ h( A! _
169. Nonviolent air raids
, V% E$ @* ~ u 170. Nonviolent invasion0 p9 a# u) t6 e
171. Nonviolent interjection
" T' O* n. D5 W) W. m0 F' E 172. Nonviolent obstruction# T$ e$ `: u9 @" E, I2 b2 o
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
: e. ?& }5 [ t2 r8 }/ t 174. Establishing new social patterns
' @% j' Z/ e5 z: s: y 175. Overloading of facilities3 r6 L; t! ~$ I3 y
176. Stall-in/ \1 u( {1 k. S' c) ?1 \
177. Speak-in
' w# h9 D0 B1 t; _+ Z! { 178. Guerrilla theater4 s! P3 G9 b' N; H% Q2 L
179. Alternative social institutions
% p' }2 ?! P1 G 180. Alternative communication system
5 S0 e4 Y# p3 H3 H. n3 Y* Y8 B( ?) T$ L+ Y5 g7 I
Economic Intervention
! n1 `8 O- S9 I( m: ^9 S 181. Reverse strike1 L9 q+ e8 T+ o, d) I9 ]8 a' G
182. Stay-in strike
3 B& P. x) R! N6 g. X* t) _/ \( h3 B 183. Nonviolent land seizure9 I- {, y& d0 U6 [2 P
184. Defiance of blockades
5 q0 n! F9 P& S 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ z9 j B' A% h m1 [
186. Preclusive purchasing
$ y& C2 E9 B! @& v3 p7 r& {; B! a 187. Seizure of assets0 L: j. O# H. a" a
188. Dumping
8 H# a9 ? h8 @" Z4 m8 J7 t9 S; \ 189. Selective patronage
% C- R6 V; O2 y 190. Alternative markets+ M7 D3 |2 [+ u7 o' J9 c
191. Alternative transportation systems. l6 U8 z" W5 ^+ N& Q b
192. Alternative economic institutions6 M/ R. [& T6 C
; p5 a3 ?- @/ {) s( lPolitical Intervention2 }1 ~0 @! z3 j, ?
193. Overloading of administrative systems& T. r, X1 ~" q) F! E3 u; d
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" w6 X9 T2 o0 c0 \5 Z2 J9 { 195. Seeking imprisonment
4 j; U5 L! {8 Z- l: Z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' K. @3 W+ ~' Z5 W, I/ y1 B
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 Q; d/ O! |; _! m4 x8 G6 ~ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ Z% s* c9 Q9 c/ j0 |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
