 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ B7 h# I* l8 y& m1 [$ @Formal Statements& s2 O. f, j) y& N0 y M+ ^6 g& J
1. Public Speeches
! g; W0 X+ A$ ]3 f r 2. Letters of opposition or support: n- Q1 X6 ^* Y% S
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions j8 x/ Z1 Q/ _4 o, A
4. Signed public statements, u; S3 R6 [3 g$ b4 r7 h
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
l7 g- P: Q5 z* {6 p# o$ U 6. Group or mass petitions2 H# u2 R/ M& n: J
3 l! t, P9 ~1 P4 i, hCommunications with a Wider Audience
1 m6 P/ s$ h$ C9 X- N, E4 A+ E. p$ E 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- z, T! u8 s( u2 N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- i, Y! z: [9 x9 D: m
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 x# ^& g7 K: V 10. Newspapers and journals
; E- D8 o) D F' k: I- \/ Q 11. Records, radio, and television) {* ]/ X+ T, r
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" H c0 a! I v" ^
3 Y- p* s0 d8 D1 e* B( d8 L2 r
Group Representations* `0 f9 \: f- t N
13. Deputations
; B: n2 p3 c: X; w Z 14. Mock awards* C' P% w# t! S! }5 D+ {6 L9 L
15. Group lobbying9 V( }, l, Y! ^' R
16. Picketing
# R0 ]* ]1 R: c! l- _( e 17. Mock elections
) X6 ]1 `5 A$ {6 }! P1 i
! a A, r3 ~" xSymbolic Public Acts
: v5 s( }' J9 r0 j 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, n$ `" B( ?: j" _ 19. Wearing of symbols
+ Z. V: V7 x9 i& F+ u4 Z 20. Prayer and worship/ v! J; _( J4 ]; ~. B$ T# v- Q7 V
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 J, N3 x; P# N- {/ s; |- N. J
22. Protest disrobings
, d# S1 J6 g# |& e 23. Destruction of own property
* ^! D: k' C" a* D 24. Symbolic lights
7 t2 c3 g6 f4 P5 ^ 25. Displays of portraits9 Q6 U; X5 Q! m. A
26. Paint as protest: O' b3 |! ^' }
27. New signs and names
+ Z) H! U2 N: g1 b' {# `1 | 28. Symbolic sounds. ]8 J; `% L# T1 z
29. Symbolic reclamations( h) F8 I9 t$ T* `9 d" m. h( Y
30. Rude gestures
U0 X# ]) i' d
8 P) @, S: d( vPressures on Individuals8 q( m! g% W* q5 I
31. “Haunting” officials
* \% A1 z& Z7 `6 L! ~8 h 32. Taunting officials
8 K9 {) ?( p: w5 ?& U" q 33. Fraternization, g1 } b! K) G3 G' B
34. Vigils
! M* s6 L) _: J& n! N! n$ \# c/ G; i% F- x; x" i/ h
Drama and Music( E# b) X* Y+ X( G7 \; ~7 E
35. Humorous skits and pranks
* L0 \9 X; c) t6 f1 r# ~5 ?2 Q 36. Performances of plays and music
! L3 I% m4 p$ X+ p9 r 37. Singing
0 V+ _, ~ j9 Y, m9 \2 _9 q+ s8 n; D
Processions! N. T, E. R c: E. V* ]4 i. H+ F
38. Marches
3 q9 t, ]& n3 d 39. Parades! R1 u; m- s/ z k0 w1 C _/ \) ^
40. Religious processions% B4 O; C) E/ S1 ]
41. Pilgrimages& f6 e' U& Y- L; {% l, `
42. Motorcades( G' E% |/ Q8 O# T9 ~! k
, I& O+ [* E) J! G2 \1 n- h3 D9 M
Honoring the Dead1 r; {3 w) i6 \
43. Political mourning2 o& n3 z9 O% `: o. p+ S
44. Mock funerals* M7 V, r. s& l1 z) D7 B
45. Demonstrative funerals
) Q* @ |! W( m/ t4 ` 46. Homage at burial places2 n8 @+ k5 ]( K, O. d
. k* y: Z0 s M0 i: v& W! NPublic Assemblies. ?5 o) H. O' _; E3 L
47. Assemblies of protest or support" V' U5 `* Q9 {: j6 e" q o8 z+ }; J
48. Protest meetings
: c. R2 n5 W! I' H7 x3 J+ X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ |/ s6 ?. G0 H8 g 50. Teach-ins
: T( r5 }4 @& R
d: E- R: i% P, X9 lWithdrawal and Renunciation6 @6 f" W6 ^3 z' k( U/ P
51. Walk-outs1 w, f# O4 _/ J% D
52. Silence2 s& @& I3 v4 b& A) y: q. [9 @
53. Renouncing honors/ L/ M7 e* Z4 F) ]
54. Turning one’s back
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3 _5 q# E9 ?& ` a4 x) S) u. |& ], _$ c+ A7 q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 F" r% X- e% \3 m' M
- Q- Z- C2 }, j2 p! h5 u# T) i
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- Q* |+ h; E" E1 _, W! q" JOstracism of Persons/ `. o( I) I h! T; ?3 ~
55. Social boycott. w. {, c8 [* R n
56. Selective social boycott
8 F! x! A7 n3 |7 Y& `0 j 57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 e# O W3 l. n7 ~2 O( j, _4 W/ Y- Q 58. Excommunication
# K0 t' l+ z' S" ~& L: E7 w/ c 59. Interdict. B* t0 u/ E$ Q2 H
0 i& @4 F) i/ u1 [4 p- b7 s# @. q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! h4 @/ L: V5 p; a, t; F
60. Suspension of social and sports activities& `7 ^0 V4 w$ `; u- G f: f
61. Boycott of social affairs
0 R8 B7 r& B+ \2 f) Q 62. Student strike4 L+ W9 J7 D% r3 j
63. Social disobedience# S) K# j7 L% h* Y$ t7 G
64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 x) x U5 }1 r$ g4 B4 @
/ K/ s' u1 \3 K9 I5 v, l/ i
Withdrawal from the Social System' y2 L- ^/ c# b! s6 h5 M9 T
65. Stay-at-home: v' j& R0 J! A0 ^* Z! g9 v3 r
66. Total personal noncooperation
/ J8 x- } A5 V" _ 67. “Flight” of workers U9 @" f7 |3 a; O8 n9 \8 u
68. Sanctuary) A2 M; S5 l O5 W3 |7 g8 I, s0 p
69. Collective disappearance/ p/ i6 H7 K6 V$ j2 H1 D3 ?
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 y. p/ R1 x" }3 @+ R6 L+ \5 P
+ W- j2 {% U. L$ X) ?9 k
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 V4 x1 C# a. C
! q3 ?( W! P' x
$ T6 q; {5 A! k: W! |5 P. M) dActions by Consumers
; O- h4 H1 ^8 }* a 71. Consumers’ boycott! o' n' M+ e* j# K) X
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 s& ]# I) h }3 o. K- c/ c2 S# f 73. Policy of austerity
, {, q& C2 f% n 74. Rent withholding" k& L5 w% S1 {7 S! J# D# ^; R
75. Refusal to rent7 \. S' `& g( \6 Y8 M3 t3 g$ F5 X/ D
76. National consumers’ boycott! S; N- b$ h C9 S
77. International consumers’ boycott9 J+ Q3 S( _9 N) C' c
6 W; W# F5 {/ ]+ z7 C& F0 b0 U2 D' }7 h
Action by Workers and Producers9 S3 z* ?; K% ~6 \" i( t: D
78. Workmen’s boycott
' W% h4 K1 \# k( ^6 q [ M 79. Producers’ boycott
' ?' c V# Q& m( F% `/ T! V- z# e9 P7 b3 F
Action by Middlemen
4 T4 J1 z, S( s! W$ x* O0 X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) z6 u0 J: T5 D# b; A
0 V |$ `" }6 I1 m8 wAction by Owners and Management r6 H5 ]+ R: q8 |
81. Traders’ boycott
7 q8 W0 i5 f$ w+ ]6 g, e 82. Refusal to let or sell property
* E: g6 ~$ E$ ^+ A 83. Lockout6 I# q% K" V# j) m5 `1 m1 x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 @. \0 k7 X/ T Z2 y( C+ V( z; \ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”" P) o5 u, @1 s6 f& C& U
& A- V( i; n4 y5 L6 g
Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 A( j; I- N9 p. O, v3 Q& Y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& z# A- P& `0 m2 a$ P- X2 @7 W
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: E/ J: X* N+ @( A
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 |* y# e0 `7 c# N( k) |$ g, R- b 89. Severance of funds and credit$ L3 Y3 J* i: Z
90. Revenue refusal
2 b. ~0 j8 ?9 ^. U# \2 ] 91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ M% o2 d# L0 C' y7 }% a
7 m1 f, r/ s% C& @' ^% n- O$ DAction by Governments
* B8 a4 X- v6 y 92. Domestic embargo
1 B/ O7 {" R" ~; L$ [ 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ Q. O7 \3 \( l& ^: x/ I5 s 94. International sellers’ embargo
0 y1 D, R; G% `6 s& W* |9 M/ c7 Z 95. International buyers’ embargo
/ H( j: P5 U) B! D 96. International trade embargo
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: ]$ ^' r5 Y5 b9 ?0 b; a; _/ e( ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 |7 r$ Q& ?6 V
$ }% d) Z4 A% G b9 _ , s! b0 A- y2 R' Q1 U7 B
Symbolic Strikes
' H% m6 m. P& H 97. Protest strike& @. h1 U" `& A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 S& J+ E, d" K1 L- [
; [+ N; B) Z# q& w. X
Agricultural Strikes
. C+ `& B- z* l5 j" s( b& o% M 99. Peasant strike
* `7 Q# T+ l& q& d: e: Y7 o 100. Farm Workers’ strike. e: f5 G, i0 P% @7 [
; k2 P; Q0 L* [5 M1 ~
Strikes by Special Groups
7 `1 o8 f. X, h3 B- T 101. Refusal of impressed labor: ~- c5 E0 j: _
102. Prisoners’ strike: i& x, Z8 d. L' M0 C7 ^
103. Craft strike
+ |! k% I) F; r5 O2 o 104. Professional strike
# y$ w* C- r) U2 j n* o1 z
+ w6 r+ e- m- F. QOrdinary Industrial Strikes
8 I. A7 M# O3 T 105. Establishment strike5 v; F7 p( N6 P! \. ~; i
106. Industry strike
& q0 \( U" I4 _ 107. Sympathetic strike7 a% S" ?9 q4 H7 y
9 k/ B- j5 Z. LRestricted Strikes- L! i+ T7 C W8 o5 h2 |+ t
108. Detailed strike' Z4 `; }1 r6 V
109. Bumper strike7 F2 h2 w) H5 x, K$ Y/ ^ i
110. Slowdown strike
: C. K. u5 T& ]# k; ^( o: R! q; ] 111. Working-to-rule strike+ L H2 n' u, i; V( ?' E6 K7 H9 {; D
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' ~% _ T6 [& F1 D: {! P9 y! ~$ F8 |
113. Strike by resignation- j: Q4 ^& T" P" W) K
114. Limited strike/ f4 g1 o% J" ?7 k0 d" D6 I$ ]2 ?; \
115. Selective strike
' t2 i* e( r$ h* W E _- [
s# X5 B5 S" t: `; c/ I2 xMulti-Industry Strikes0 K e3 `: |9 d6 T' i( ~. P" T
) O, _' b2 q H% r+ k 116. Generalized strike
6 M& i: `1 r' _ \5 y$ m: \; I" W( Y+ | D+ g. X
117. General strike
) @* L* R! E' P' |: }6 |. t* D9 G3 \1 }8 D! w0 B
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures% A8 Y8 P8 z/ _( M6 p3 Z5 P! e' @
% X1 g; i b4 [: q 118. Hartal9 N0 k0 S! T8 A; y( [
1 ^# @7 }. ~2 F
119. Economic shutdown' q2 Q2 e& Q0 b
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5 X. o- S0 O1 Z& \) U0 r7 zTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
3 s9 p' c# b# Z7 h. R3 l5 m
& T( f- }# Y; x* G5 @% d7 g 4 M; m- Y1 W5 O4 T5 X1 w* @5 b( {+ J
Rejection of Authority1 L. _6 W r1 V* T
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* A% @; ]1 m. d( d 121. Refusal of public support' _+ K+ |0 l* P8 z( _1 U6 `3 f
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 f4 Z. {$ k# R! V, I- f
9 N$ X3 {" ~, C" l9 x" g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& d9 |) J+ ^4 A. m" N 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% [$ N# }; `& T3 m. b; b
124. Boycott of elections7 V. g8 }* `- C7 b; N. [3 J9 }
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 ]/ A6 P& i) Q8 J 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
~& F/ S1 s% m' }$ g8 \, ^ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 m* H" x }6 l: n+ o7 G 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* [; _: T3 e# O6 T2 E" \: | 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, k: s. a+ i6 L, M! h, r
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: P; J& Z6 `# ~9 e* U0 n$ B
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ `8 N2 k8 G+ m* \& F* H 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ g# K* K* p) `2 M, w' |6 ?
4 v2 ~4 _- i! l, z# G0 H9 ACitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 k. e( e0 r+ o' x2 r 133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 d6 h! s4 \. s" _9 u+ l3 C8 m7 o1 R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# Y' w: ?. J% P1 f
135. Popular nonobedience7 c5 W' C9 \; y4 N& @: l1 [& n
136. Disguised disobedience' z' k3 Y: M1 }% z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& c0 o1 i: S" x" T! D! { ~: E% {
138. Sitdown
' X2 s6 H: Z1 F+ n 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 f# C8 m& t* h+ \- X9 |( ?$ Z% B# ^
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 D+ h7 B3 I. y, A" u5 F" C. b+ i 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ q/ i I+ ~5 ~5 J2 s; q* i3 Y8 K* f$ x, i ]3 G1 o. a
Action by Government Personnel
4 v2 `' D# \% ]1 l. F 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 {8 @6 e2 i% l! |! d& F 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 O$ H# B; D5 e, c, X2 ~ 144. Stalling and obstruction+ I+ ^% T: y' }& Z* p" P
145. General administrative noncooperation
; R) g# ~7 d* b: @# H, R3 i
. _% b# Y# N% q- { 146. Judicial noncooperation- e9 j8 c+ f6 M& D& }' p, h
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 o2 n% A% H, \! F9 q! E$ q
148. Mutiny* {: Q% o {" |& X# H2 ~) b* M* Y
Domestic Governmental Action2 Q, s2 o0 i7 Y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ @% g$ j" i* K3 l2 o9 x8 O+ | 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% Y# I1 W! p# N% m
$ a" k# {+ F% B+ I7 K x a: B5 pInternational Governmental Action
: y- n3 F5 D" ]1 J 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations# p! ] I! y4 w$ L7 [; k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 [" L, l0 S* J$ l$ \: U _ L" d 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* S6 V9 i- h: Z) _8 x( L9 m
154. Severance of diplomatic relations* y; U; C/ K* n: B* |2 n( e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations- j) O3 R" V. d9 F
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- z% e% M) h) N w/ U! `
157. Expulsion from international organizations# G* q* o) K# y" l
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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4 d5 l" S B; n; ^6 q1 x
+ s( f4 u! a! S4 b* VPsychological Intervention% G+ j' {3 W O1 g1 f
158. Self-exposure to the elements, n9 Q" t9 b- w0 [, y
159. The fast+ [" b2 @' @( m1 w7 ^# r
a) Fast of moral pressure. i" E1 J4 G" a: ]
b) Hunger strike
& T0 j. ~! r# Q5 r/ L7 E c) Satyagrahic fast! @5 Q$ l8 B9 m- U
160. Reverse trial
9 y! K' ]- G$ O9 U9 k3 w' T 161. Nonviolent harassment
5 Q# b! N- n- F( N- Q
' M( M7 P& ]- p5 n8 f5 q$ VPhysical Intervention# y' D& W; \ Z/ @( U: k, B& \, x
162. Sit-in
$ K, i# F2 H" c) r% `8 | 163. Stand-in
5 q% e! j5 ?. s& i [' R 164. Ride-in4 y) {: @ V( U& U8 {! f+ ?
165. Wade-in
) D" B: Z5 V! h0 v; ~/ N 166. Mill-in) m- w- }( g" I' l" ?8 K7 P2 Q
167. Pray-in
6 A% X; W) U0 C' `; H! p 168. Nonviolent raids3 G, ?: ^: P$ R) n8 z% Y% s
169. Nonviolent air raids
7 w8 l0 _% ?( n# `$ o$ b0 G 170. Nonviolent invasion7 s3 e6 N% A' ?7 l) ]1 Y
171. Nonviolent interjection& t5 o; v9 A* w0 g# p
172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ Y' [" O! d" O" _ B: b 173. Nonviolent occupation' d1 K+ Q( u/ w
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Social Intervention
) ^) L. K, E3 D7 z 174. Establishing new social patterns. U- B/ H! Q5 z) b8 {
175. Overloading of facilities
9 Y+ ^8 H2 g3 l( Z' W; [& T 176. Stall-in
$ }4 _5 A& n1 N" E3 i 177. Speak-in* o# Q$ `4 [, z% b1 w
178. Guerrilla theater
, h$ f4 l6 X* F8 V 179. Alternative social institutions/ e+ D1 S* A1 p) t7 k- k
180. Alternative communication system7 N. I+ w2 v3 }- a
. K1 l, {. e. b7 g* V" c0 F7 p% jEconomic Intervention: W" A0 S e2 h& P3 z
181. Reverse strike
3 a( Z% E8 t y 182. Stay-in strike
( f& Y m+ a* [5 Q7 w 183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 Y8 `* b- V" _) y 184. Defiance of blockades r/ @4 Q" a1 k Y. ], L1 p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; y3 S5 A+ `% T {9 ~; g
186. Preclusive purchasing& p* u r/ {: @9 b
187. Seizure of assets9 y5 n* Y4 f7 O6 Q5 d4 c: E
188. Dumping6 i: O6 E8 ]7 u/ i3 ~9 b/ o
189. Selective patronage6 O0 Z$ D N; U/ c" M" v
190. Alternative markets
4 D/ S* k9 K0 Q2 ]3 Y: H& ? 191. Alternative transportation systems
4 s4 ^) q, z9 G' r7 o 192. Alternative economic institutions
: v: B2 M% b; p$ f( O# V. @& [7 ]% K1 z
Political Intervention
- f6 Z V- o$ ^) X) \' n. }! t0 ]0 F 193. Overloading of administrative systems
: a# Z" s" ^# M& ^$ Y9 a. n5 [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; D+ a" K4 Z* q' |' ~
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 F9 \/ T9 D* F/ W$ E8 R+ P+ C 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' a; z J4 w/ k' l7 _6 \; f 197. Work-on without collaboration
9 ?8 E# ]. M' p4 F, f2 ~ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government5 o8 u9 Y' V- q# k: X/ U# m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
