 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; m$ t* n: g/ y, `Formal Statements7 H& @; e/ t( N3 P
1. Public Speeches+ ?0 Y7 V" n8 d
2. Letters of opposition or support2 \; l9 w- o3 x. g* z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 p. } H+ o: W6 g% a2 Z
4. Signed public statements4 V, N2 l3 l2 w D0 r0 ~0 S7 D2 G
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( `- \) P! z! N0 d 6. Group or mass petitions
5 y" R% g3 y$ \2 z! Z: J9 Z! h% K% M& w
Communications with a Wider Audience( J$ D9 W( M ]$ Z! x
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* {4 ?* J/ R$ Y2 w: a# j2 m! n
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( g% n) ~- a1 r% Y! p" s3 F% } 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 A6 Z m0 c! R* y% u& p0 O 10. Newspapers and journals
' J( [/ Z. o4 s 11. Records, radio, and television) j0 \9 Y% O+ f0 o& H
12. Skywriting and earthwriting* I. B; p6 N9 j
1 ]1 X7 l: Q' x& b- B) B. V
Group Representations
/ K2 ?$ R# X8 i- U 13. Deputations1 z* i; v% [5 `. F3 h: d* ^2 h
14. Mock awards% t% d/ a+ [0 ^1 W2 T6 z/ W. Y
15. Group lobbying* y1 ?: L9 z! b5 D( _0 A# o1 m0 o3 p' b* _
16. Picketing
/ L/ V$ E C" G& g$ I! A) o 17. Mock elections+ [. \$ E& z5 r; A4 u( _
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Symbolic Public Acts
. n' e5 Q# i0 d6 m/ K5 u 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; ^6 ^2 P$ A! H d 19. Wearing of symbols7 g7 o I$ r- X. `
20. Prayer and worship$ D, y, l' V9 Z) g
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 H7 w7 g8 p6 l0 @8 u 22. Protest disrobings+ ?: f7 \( f5 d7 a$ ]9 B
23. Destruction of own property0 F# C+ X4 B$ q% m- s3 w
24. Symbolic lights& ?0 v" H" A' L. b" h9 q
25. Displays of portraits) M* o S5 t' S
26. Paint as protest6 E8 D/ V/ d7 ^! o6 g$ A
27. New signs and names
9 Q- Y+ q1 [% K8 { 28. Symbolic sounds
5 Z8 Z1 z; ~; c 29. Symbolic reclamations* P1 D. y: g5 a0 _1 l1 r3 g& L9 R' }& g
30. Rude gestures
8 v) q0 b+ m% Z0 o
, C1 u% {: A- ^6 ?Pressures on Individuals2 I& e: [" F! a% x! g; [/ o. s
31. “Haunting” officials
* p/ |% }9 T4 v 32. Taunting officials
7 X/ z- p; g2 y9 I- H2 z% k B, [ 33. Fraternization
3 G1 K8 i7 o3 ] 34. Vigils2 a0 a/ ~0 L* j+ k# F
7 @. ~4 j- m/ Z1 d
Drama and Music
1 @2 \" a) H, h5 V$ i 35. Humorous skits and pranks
& @/ j: t& M- l6 \5 q3 q 36. Performances of plays and music+ a: u# b8 n2 |2 i* h/ c4 i
37. Singing* Z& G2 Z7 F; x6 h: g
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Processions
. q6 H+ H' z' f0 E$ a- m9 v 38. Marches
- i) m% m' h3 |$ S! n+ c% m' ^! D: M 39. Parades1 z; B! j0 N9 \8 K
40. Religious processions
5 b: D* a4 T z, v. s- Q( B) o 41. Pilgrimages
. k0 `- z9 Q6 d( J) j 42. Motorcades& O( T% @* J" z# e M
k# x1 G. P5 l6 IHonoring the Dead/ h; M0 h& _5 y" l
43. Political mourning: m, L9 {; d# n1 {/ t/ y! u
44. Mock funerals& `: P. `- [4 X5 N4 }2 W! G
45. Demonstrative funerals! o0 o& f/ H& r2 h$ E+ b
46. Homage at burial places) \* b" X2 ~/ ~% v$ B
. Q7 t# X k/ k: w6 F5 x9 o) k$ IPublic Assemblies$ G3 [5 f' w/ C0 s9 X
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 q% l) b* p/ H2 N9 n 48. Protest meetings
) T7 @4 V& a0 ^; x8 L! @ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest, p8 u/ @; N! ?
50. Teach-ins
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4 ~" T1 q* @, G- \Withdrawal and Renunciation6 U9 [4 t# {& l6 f- f# u( c2 F
51. Walk-outs
, i8 h7 Z7 `. l$ d0 G% {' |) o 52. Silence& P9 E4 p; Z( Q% N7 h) m& N* P
53. Renouncing honors
3 \, f% z Q( t1 w2 k; x 54. Turning one’s back8 G; S* o5 k Z2 r d. M
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
( a8 A7 O! @6 _7 }, j4 P/ ? 55. Social boycott4 {0 m2 i, @! ~! L% g
56. Selective social boycott
5 M! M1 l; k! o8 O 57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 t/ p: i, a# o% `3 U1 V) S 58. Excommunication8 a' h4 E! k- Q; P1 s, C
59. Interdict; `+ t+ r, X* |" f
1 _; s# v0 y# O) P' H* h" XNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions* T- L5 e& t2 ?: f5 }7 u
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 [! k+ v3 }$ ]. q, N. I3 v! [ 61. Boycott of social affairs2 w; N% Z _! u/ B2 v1 U/ x
62. Student strike$ Q2 b3 k% d5 X! u0 f! D
63. Social disobedience
; d1 w& W/ K8 w4 j- L 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 e8 d+ d7 u$ ?8 U1 j% h+ n
& h8 ?+ R5 E3 O% ]Withdrawal from the Social System
' n. n4 Z" p: n# q# g* W1 G 65. Stay-at-home
3 e4 x! y# Q; c( k, S1 V) P! h 66. Total personal noncooperation% m8 E# ?' m% K# e! m6 i: k C
67. “Flight” of workers) a; [5 D: i8 D6 X
68. Sanctuary0 q6 y' [6 Q, x/ ?7 q! P
69. Collective disappearance6 K5 s. {2 ^5 N6 k0 t( X! ?
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ v! }/ \' T; a- x: {4 @* K9 z
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Actions by Consumers9 M+ g, @7 d, C! m* O
71. Consumers’ boycott
* M! Y; I1 @+ S( O, | E: ] 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) A9 R5 M. I4 w4 k 73. Policy of austerity, W+ v' `9 a1 {8 u
74. Rent withholding
; C6 Q* a* C+ u) V3 f% {; ~5 J 75. Refusal to rent
. i5 h8 m5 ~2 l S1 W0 @1 L" H 76. National consumers’ boycott% G% A, [2 Q! t$ S3 ]
77. International consumers’ boycott
8 M% f$ {4 t3 G% ]$ k5 F) }- Y3 C, p, K! |9 ~6 ?8 n& w
Action by Workers and Producers' @0 s7 U- [. ~
78. Workmen’s boycott) z" o4 U' Q+ F$ L8 i/ [
79. Producers’ boycott
2 O1 A# m. I9 j$ O2 ^/ [- s7 m# G2 x X7 h+ k0 v8 ~3 _# f
Action by Middlemen, H3 I: q. I. K" ^+ v
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott p- A( Y, z q9 \- u6 f8 Z
; W7 A7 |6 T2 L6 d8 f3 LAction by Owners and Management
9 z5 K8 b9 Q5 k) E$ R8 Z 81. Traders’ boycott! N6 E- W, `3 L; Z" ]& a2 K) Z
82. Refusal to let or sell property
; s5 H9 U, T3 O$ J; o+ H$ B 83. Lockout2 p: I; w; h1 C2 r4 r
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ @ C/ E' n; T8 y/ p 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources* p/ d* Z, ~2 g" H' I
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 ^7 R2 p$ W4 |6 \$ P' R 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( J( B0 I8 a; e+ Q* a% s 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, z. X9 ?0 Y3 u! @& {! N; Z* q) n$ q4 x 89. Severance of funds and credit
' m/ m5 u5 {2 ]& } 90. Revenue refusal( B, z+ y g0 }& f/ f+ `3 U
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments/ X' R. |/ v; }) S: o
92. Domestic embargo+ h/ i2 |4 k9 e3 C# u/ L# k, j
93. Blacklisting of traders
! ^, y9 G! Z0 l! ]& z 94. International sellers’ embargo1 k- ? A" V+ |$ s y
95. International buyers’ embargo
}$ ]/ F9 _ Z4 k: l ~ 96. International trade embargo7 _* d V! @) @# e, d& h
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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9 z- [( k( s& D9 E# @: jSymbolic Strikes
( |3 B, H; u2 {$ h, [ 97. Protest strike# k: f) k* E$ T
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 W& m- [& e' P' {. `
. t5 ]/ v7 `# ^& gAgricultural Strikes
, B! o$ t/ `% o 99. Peasant strike: Y! ?' g$ h, w, @; u& ]
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 V8 Y! ]6 m9 r5 u
% K3 `! p: U6 s: `Strikes by Special Groups
. r3 K: r* Z/ `5 @) s+ t" x6 v p! z M 101. Refusal of impressed labor3 h1 N* e5 [5 A D3 M
102. Prisoners’ strike' h+ r1 U. S, J
103. Craft strike; p D7 O' G" j6 N/ K
104. Professional strike5 n. W p8 y$ X
7 g1 e+ f- X/ s! P2 AOrdinary Industrial Strikes
: |) q4 A9 }- I 105. Establishment strike
9 ?9 |- M2 Q | 106. Industry strike3 u: h9 U0 z9 @+ \4 `
107. Sympathetic strike. d+ B" w( q! @8 t2 M) v7 ` C
+ t. s' P5 F# n+ |1 c" q( v- @
Restricted Strikes
' S" i$ U5 r6 s0 z7 B- b6 M5 h 108. Detailed strike# V2 ^0 k1 b* D9 `
109. Bumper strike
% A; s8 l' _# r& d) t% a 110. Slowdown strike
" f7 G& ~% o4 n" ~ 111. Working-to-rule strike
# A1 G- K: z6 n' u 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% u3 p2 @; N! ~ 113. Strike by resignation
9 C3 L* _4 S8 O& A0 l* K# ~+ i7 O) u 114. Limited strike; s0 `+ ~4 C& x5 N
115. Selective strike) A; C2 c+ k3 F, H" I
$ n' N3 }, ^0 R! }+ D- R0 s7 jMulti-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike1 N- x9 m$ I ]& ?7 M( V7 Z
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117. General strike
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2 o6 f3 Z- Y& q! B; q/ H% `Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 G0 J$ j& o3 x1 A3 E) W# o0 e% F
7 R. B8 ]) f& @9 Z5 Z 118. Hartal. {+ b7 _% u6 ]
' J; y; t' s( a% f 119. Economic shutdown( r6 p4 Y4 o$ D# e, X' y6 X
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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|+ D" {6 e- f4 V4 @) iRejection of Authority7 U' s. Q* i* T! ?4 y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; f) t1 z( X- X5 u
121. Refusal of public support
) u+ X6 D0 B6 v. J+ O% C$ a$ [ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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3 p6 t8 {" k6 lCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- N' r# R/ h1 _8 i7 y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: H' R+ M# Y+ X* J
124. Boycott of elections
% ?& W5 B. y' M; v 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# g" C3 } F! n. g; u' K- y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, t4 a- \4 v E 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 z9 C: n, B4 c3 [ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 T/ R7 O, g4 j1 Y3 u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ \+ D! p3 t: C; P8 f2 c. `" b
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, D, F6 N3 t2 Z" I4 D8 ^% X1 i) I
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# g! k X9 O' q7 W
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 a2 O. m$ E( u
. ^8 \7 C z5 Y# j2 v& rCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience- R9 _7 t% m* o' j8 S
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 ]6 K; W3 Y+ G 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 h9 k1 J. }6 L
135. Popular nonobedience
3 u. k7 r+ Y" g 136. Disguised disobedience
/ n# [" y& D- m9 _8 g! M, S& [! U 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, @ q2 l6 X* H/ A. q
138. Sitdown* v* k6 |9 h9 p
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ R! B. I- q2 X8 c+ R
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# \$ C8 |. P; ]8 p( V 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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+ k) p9 }, U5 f, R5 yAction by Government Personnel
K& e8 a4 T1 q% B/ ~' c/ E 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* [* w! q6 X1 E; {9 @8 Z7 \4 x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 M4 C# l! I! n6 Z0 F 144. Stalling and obstruction* C+ c4 x, r- B, S
145. General administrative noncooperation" r+ V4 a0 \& h8 x1 k. Q
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146. Judicial noncooperation" C; F- W5 }! a" a( h1 a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! z5 ], c6 L4 X/ }& P5 u) B
148. Mutiny) \( S' e. ?) x) q# T
Domestic Governmental Action% L. V C6 @( y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" J o6 H j( K& F$ A 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action! {5 }1 B8 ^( N& [+ ]# c
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ L5 L* B7 H- e9 d0 q7 }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( l9 y5 X& ]7 `% S: Q: v 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
" |' {/ M3 B# n5 u6 R: } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ l' M9 G2 x {- f& Z! w: Q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 j% B+ g' ?& V W5 F+ { 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# u& o- H" [. |, d
157. Expulsion from international organizations+ Y' N3 f# ~# X7 n4 r% s8 I
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% x1 Y) P+ V. b4 N: ?# |* f
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Psychological Intervention
$ B7 |- ?, a/ j 158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ Y [( d( Q6 s( W6 f 159. The fast% o! U8 M: `# d4 W3 V2 N9 n) B% v% z
a) Fast of moral pressure+ B a; X. V$ W
b) Hunger strike
& R% @9 O( Q) ~: a c) Satyagrahic fast( B G' F% c1 o' _. R8 A7 D( q8 [
160. Reverse trial" c/ z, ~- [. e* K
161. Nonviolent harassment L3 _) O$ z" W U; h6 y# L
* `2 L4 s0 x( b1 I$ {/ a* pPhysical Intervention
( T8 O/ s' \' i 162. Sit-in
- g. p/ K. u u! l; T8 [7 f 163. Stand-in6 X% W8 C: s! T" P( L/ J/ ]2 N+ q; r0 j
164. Ride-in/ Q5 D) f1 n8 B6 C. F* {% z
165. Wade-in
" F1 z: V' n& p" f 166. Mill-in
3 I- h3 O7 e6 @$ f9 y% v 167. Pray-in
" Z) W) D4 C$ c6 }) h2 F4 F 168. Nonviolent raids
. n3 u! |" D# X! ?5 J. x 169. Nonviolent air raids3 P* S) J& r3 ~% f+ i& N4 V9 p
170. Nonviolent invasion: }6 ^; Z/ H8 D7 I4 w
171. Nonviolent interjection% C Q5 G& {- O
172. Nonviolent obstruction
- ~$ P3 h. {7 N9 ` 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
% s" c; P9 z8 A! m 174. Establishing new social patterns
' O3 R0 K# V( H/ d 175. Overloading of facilities
0 ]) ~6 F; p7 a& R4 M! L5 T 176. Stall-in2 E$ q F7 _6 \: O# i+ K
177. Speak-in
9 u9 r3 G- E5 W8 l5 B 178. Guerrilla theater$ v7 ~7 ~+ k' s" }6 S( c9 n7 y, L
179. Alternative social institutions
/ h v& k, f6 `/ K+ C# L/ O6 U 180. Alternative communication system! y& Q* a$ h( K. S" S* f
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Economic Intervention
+ C: _+ ?/ n) m' _5 u$ \ 181. Reverse strike; |8 a8 [( l8 s: T# C- V
182. Stay-in strike' Z# q: f6 T8 k8 e
183. Nonviolent land seizure
( Q8 g6 S3 A. _/ t/ I 184. Defiance of blockades6 D) ]" O1 C6 v/ z: ]6 V0 h
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 D% i3 D+ U- k& ?
186. Preclusive purchasing) |# ?& s4 B* w/ S- y/ n
187. Seizure of assets
8 @( F, R& g4 Y5 u 188. Dumping
: l$ G$ c$ @; N. M 189. Selective patronage# |1 H- | h2 T7 i/ A! Y# A4 a
190. Alternative markets0 f3 s" |0 f' R) }: Z+ f5 \
191. Alternative transportation systems( z8 r' h* ]/ C- \! Z3 p F
192. Alternative economic institutions; `7 q2 p; e( f5 I
# P7 Z, A4 _6 q- Z5 _( oPolitical Intervention
4 [$ E' n5 E- m; a: q- F 193. Overloading of administrative systems4 U! Y) H' U F2 W3 t/ L
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 [6 I% M( k; t1 i0 ~
195. Seeking imprisonment% {) M& ~# K ]4 ^& @
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 a# n7 u; C' A1 O4 N( [ 197. Work-on without collaboration) F; Z- T5 J+ A4 ]5 ~. I
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' ^6 O2 c% x' _# Q! o2 L- D
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
