 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 A! X0 D# s* B
Formal Statements/ ^& g6 B; |" J+ n% o
1. Public Speeches
# a* a O6 q$ s |* Z 2. Letters of opposition or support
, {4 M# g: V5 B' w+ Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ ]5 j2 [4 F0 ^* c! b 4. Signed public statements6 F5 Z5 ~0 J7 @. {0 w: _
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! Q7 g- x. d, E 6. Group or mass petitions5 E/ y' }$ f: p0 N5 T
9 l/ Z1 P5 G0 g+ N
Communications with a Wider Audience
! k+ B* @* N a3 p/ B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* i! r2 o( b& N
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. q5 K: L; \8 Y; V) G% W 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% [8 S1 h B, ]+ q 10. Newspapers and journals4 u4 Q' f" n& q' H6 P
11. Records, radio, and television1 i9 k- t# B& M( V& J8 S5 p
12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 ^# }, @3 M& Y1 \7 B \$ t- n
6 @) Y" r2 Q: Q, E( V9 N9 }Group Representations! r: j8 N, B) {, i$ A t* f
13. Deputations5 c9 d4 _1 j/ A4 P/ d9 D6 g
14. Mock awards& N5 l9 W' G& B+ P% c3 N, l& B" X8 k
15. Group lobbying+ H0 s2 o) y" X+ g8 `' D0 j' U# z7 c
16. Picketing
) g# p9 D$ t( O: S& w 17. Mock elections) M! u2 b) T5 ~) b: \3 J
/ ^2 v- p1 a& ^9 C) |+ K
Symbolic Public Acts- p2 c# |/ m' e5 B" A
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) X3 f* _* e; F4 O! ]2 [
19. Wearing of symbols
' i: W0 S8 D# z 20. Prayer and worship3 z+ d: g3 N% k; p, w5 Z' E* B
21. Delivering symbolic objects
a: {. u/ i* Q% } 22. Protest disrobings
j. h9 R. o, }/ _; Z 23. Destruction of own property
$ s( x4 ]8 N6 X X \$ d: i 24. Symbolic lights, M4 ~; z# @" m; c
25. Displays of portraits
+ L$ O% v! j p6 @ 26. Paint as protest/ R% g- f: m" u# K3 z. n2 {
27. New signs and names
' v0 F& H% C B& a 28. Symbolic sounds0 \0 ], {" H w- Y" c1 ?, u
29. Symbolic reclamations
$ V) S' f" x3 D1 M/ O( G6 i$ j 30. Rude gestures
2 I, T: ^ h z2 p& W/ s
$ K7 g, o4 E' p. `9 a2 IPressures on Individuals/ F0 I" \; Z* ~4 P) s; a
31. “Haunting” officials
) u0 [9 u2 k X3 I$ `6 J) W1 | 32. Taunting officials
2 Z7 _9 ]2 I' C4 D: p 33. Fraternization
* ^4 Z6 L3 b2 q7 y' d 34. Vigils
4 W# T# T/ U' M6 f N9 o
9 B. X; ]! T2 b- H* _, x% F, qDrama and Music! E* j) c: d& _ x# [: _; A
35. Humorous skits and pranks% D/ |5 Y0 l9 X* [* z8 l, N
36. Performances of plays and music, X" B. ^: ^4 z: L8 {' U
37. Singing
6 P R1 |. C% Y, M3 u/ L, H- R) ~6 z) ]* j
Processions; E) Z9 O6 q$ ^+ R. {1 }' @
38. Marches
5 S9 L) ?4 N% Z/ f; ~ C 39. Parades! z% k3 b4 G3 v" `' Q' W
40. Religious processions
* G+ ^# _( X D# m* \. ^ 41. Pilgrimages! r* d0 h2 `3 O! O
42. Motorcades8 l. K% k+ F% G5 j
# @" \' }, j% B$ d. YHonoring the Dead: R* G* y3 V. o7 x. x- c) J
43. Political mourning# x0 P2 {1 {0 g
44. Mock funerals
; K3 G4 U+ W# ^0 a: ^" u 45. Demonstrative funerals# a& s' V5 N+ ~' b# w; i
46. Homage at burial places
( x. m0 L& }- c- w. D% B! U7 @+ _6 r) y+ e, |9 c* g0 y
Public Assemblies
: J' d1 c# r+ p$ V 47. Assemblies of protest or support
: W0 V- D* [# `/ P9 ^ 48. Protest meetings
8 B1 x6 S6 ^- ?) R5 | 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- [7 Q q( B: U8 I) v8 K5 I" K3 `
50. Teach-ins! s# C. t1 ^) n+ ~
1 ?6 `6 w) v( e) W5 K8 GWithdrawal and Renunciation
3 p% x" i! i" ~- S8 ^ 51. Walk-outs
8 ^( S. z3 P7 Z2 z* w; T; g: W 52. Silence
; A5 B5 r. N. N4 d4 r' C 53. Renouncing honors/ r$ I4 s- ~" L/ U4 v* M# p
54. Turning one’s back
+ t2 Y; d$ k. A. |0 P
& i3 ~$ b6 Y$ t' T0 l8 H : v4 s8 c& e8 {0 l J& E
6 r3 C1 K" h2 d# S- _+ @. E U rTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" w: o" D) `) n. e
4 C, o1 U s, a: D7 }8 D
6 S) K4 |" u% J" @
. E: }! Y J: i
Ostracism of Persons O: {% _5 l% C
55. Social boycott
& b1 N0 D$ s7 { z 56. Selective social boycott# F& q/ X4 W9 G0 _: d- h
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# ^7 e% F, o& P1 |% @ 58. Excommunication* R4 j- n4 Y+ Q/ u6 P- z% y9 k
59. Interdict
* y/ g* E9 {" W2 h4 k4 e. X
! ~# ]4 n+ i* B4 ~( b: INoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 V# F; C. s# b+ k& \+ e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 B5 b0 d5 q1 i( k
61. Boycott of social affairs
7 [ u; n+ V9 b6 c( w- A 62. Student strike
F' a. i' Z6 t$ x! R6 y' \4 p 63. Social disobedience
( N9 i1 a; O: U5 ~/ c( p 64. Withdrawal from social institutions- i! ~# i" y# M' j1 o; U' Q9 l
2 B3 f( e+ E/ A" xWithdrawal from the Social System o' w" _8 A. p- d
65. Stay-at-home. ? u5 `& S- x1 b
66. Total personal noncooperation
* j* S# A2 [7 \/ O# ]3 f1 q 67. “Flight” of workers
$ C$ E" h$ \9 k; E! K; w( ^ 68. Sanctuary
# D; f" T8 B% `' c 69. Collective disappearance
, {+ \$ |' ^$ {8 l2 k5 S5 _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 T& i' f* Q2 N! G M; p5 {4 q+ z& x4 [
: [2 G" ^$ b5 K0 c
5 v0 y d, e# |- T* ]% D: M7 J/ v
$ Q# [1 Q7 K7 F+ h* |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( v7 x) h V% i" X D; C
' x! Y* L1 b* q9 C8 j- I
1 ^3 R0 p1 L' P/ k' Z" DActions by Consumers) }/ y7 V' d, s. ~ e5 H
71. Consumers’ boycott3 j) H$ M. e6 }& s* W) h
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% S0 r" o3 y' v7 V0 c" \; I
73. Policy of austerity9 d6 W3 H/ t7 }
74. Rent withholding
d" b, W7 w8 i3 u& ^ R 75. Refusal to rent! ~! Z3 w& T& {& f. A9 v5 E: W* H
76. National consumers’ boycott
I$ P( C2 D; ]. v0 j; D2 P 77. International consumers’ boycott
$ {, e8 |% ^ m; ?8 s! t7 C6 W( x h+ M& U
Action by Workers and Producers$ B/ D9 F8 U8 e$ z; m
78. Workmen’s boycott) O! S5 i& ~9 |2 t# F2 D
79. Producers’ boycott
( V C/ `1 d" D$ B) M" k0 ]3 H
' D; A" \3 z1 W6 U+ M8 s! I [9 GAction by Middlemen, `% f# M& v1 [
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ y* J6 V& L" M9 O7 l1 X7 @1 P5 l& f H8 S+ O5 z+ ]
Action by Owners and Management9 c7 T1 J r( H, b0 J+ h
81. Traders’ boycott
v' m7 {. ~- K 82. Refusal to let or sell property& m" g! g0 L' |- ]% t
83. Lockout, l- t( {9 Y) O) X" U5 d% z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' o6 s" b! H9 }7 n: X9 T( m5 t/ ]6 {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
y0 Q K7 N$ K' J% L/ o
* o) G$ @% e t4 x9 |0 tAction by Holders of Financial Resources% K2 o; |2 V0 u
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 O. u5 H. i$ s- d3 V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: J' P# m- Z; j& T( N
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! q) k8 t6 f( q1 x2 x
89. Severance of funds and credit8 l) O+ w9 _' O- n+ q
90. Revenue refusal, ]; V/ ? }0 [0 D6 f
91. Refusal of a government’s money3 q5 S4 v3 d7 f1 O* y W, H3 V3 ~
/ _' d( D& f8 p5 nAction by Governments
6 Y" `- D: a5 k7 S 92. Domestic embargo# k! t2 L1 ? w0 b, W3 e* ?
93. Blacklisting of traders9 Z. [4 z- j2 \2 w' z0 {3 g2 }
94. International sellers’ embargo2 X! h8 D4 e: v% x% h: w
95. International buyers’ embargo
7 ?) b2 J/ k- w- ] 96. International trade embargo
9 X* H+ |$ I% B5 v: L. Z1 Q( U9 O
/ \8 O) h8 H" k' `$ f
4 S* W+ Q1 o b! h
5 y% {) v; X4 W4 ^8 ] u" fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE K; X& e3 Z. _4 x" p/ i z4 F
6 E+ Y8 H6 b+ a- N* B
; l4 R- Z: z' x/ KSymbolic Strikes! T( O' p! i5 m" k' y. K
97. Protest strike
( R) W- F3 n# y- p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 s% Q0 h5 l; \* y( D! j
7 N+ R9 a3 Q- l/ W$ T3 P1 n, `
Agricultural Strikes4 J. p- T4 t; h& @' \+ Q
99. Peasant strike0 I5 @* N" F: v" B9 P& ~. c- n1 s
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ c) N1 C9 `8 J+ V$ S4 `1 ]0 }
8 j. g7 y+ N3 l9 Z( G1 H1 H
Strikes by Special Groups
7 w: M: l% j( H 101. Refusal of impressed labor4 ], I3 U& ?1 I9 i, p
102. Prisoners’ strike/ g( W# D# ^( H! b& {
103. Craft strike
) j2 E2 ~" C2 Z3 G8 t: w4 k1 W 104. Professional strike
9 ?6 P+ b, }/ k: n
/ w0 M1 K8 f; Y3 g* A0 z5 q* lOrdinary Industrial Strikes8 V$ r- y) U" N+ @
105. Establishment strike- Z4 s p* e+ R* `9 N( v
106. Industry strike9 o, e4 N. `# K6 G' y) x% ?
107. Sympathetic strike
8 N8 t! ?/ U8 ?( ~8 `3 b5 ]" u! m" A2 \1 K, ^
Restricted Strikes
% C/ x! q1 K; }% i [+ @6 P; o 108. Detailed strike% {- l8 X0 p" V: w5 W' s+ b
109. Bumper strike0 ~. G8 X5 K: J' |
110. Slowdown strike! f+ R3 @% f- ~/ ]; {; o! ~* {% z
111. Working-to-rule strike+ a7 j) @. e, d6 Q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), a/ b3 Y6 H6 \
113. Strike by resignation9 r S* t `, m7 R" w- }
114. Limited strike
1 j0 r3 @6 s0 U3 r" Q$ {7 ] 115. Selective strike4 r: \6 {# c9 m4 l1 S8 z' C& o
6 p5 U$ T3 D. T9 R! F6 j9 z
Multi-Industry Strikes5 @4 N5 v/ `2 e! ^5 x, ?8 [
5 a, C" m- O% ?
116. Generalized strike9 x% |, [1 }1 {
; p$ s6 @7 |2 b9 j/ a 117. General strike
3 {9 a" ?. U) t
$ D2 |+ ?4 V+ D6 mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures( w2 w* A$ r5 S" z+ \6 c+ F0 M8 Y
5 O$ @4 d5 o+ s0 [- ^1 K 118. Hartal
: t q0 U7 h; l; i; w* r0 |7 I7 v0 z& h) w* P0 u
119. Economic shutdown# H) l& F5 x2 B" c# D: ~
$ B5 ^# g9 G+ c' I& d' k
" V, ~' B( |# g1 U' m% J
4 @" L' y: ?: y' M4 k+ ]5 t1 F( nTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
' k, l+ m {0 v, H5 S/ M ?' G2 ^% _5 n/ h" O, f. J
4 X( m6 d9 @8 z7 R0 _) L6 w- qRejection of Authority
6 K8 t( F/ [% D1 u4 q: A 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; U' Y$ A- z* ~1 f
121. Refusal of public support! Q4 M1 e3 Z+ m$ [6 ]
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ a0 ^* Q( n5 o) @. @' K% s
# M, I+ s* p# q- A! O( W' s) g. s$ }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 Z" m- N- i( K8 g 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
Z- W' j( V4 c5 [' p' }, D 124. Boycott of elections a8 C# j: b7 ~8 j
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) P8 R- S. g6 w$ M) C; c* x, z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' X' K# u. j2 u, g+ C ?! l4 n( p: Q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 J9 W1 k B) u6 d3 o. ] 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ v* v4 ]8 g, X2 M m( b
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
; h. n- K" F9 r# d6 \4 `& U 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% O- a% T7 N3 I f 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
Y# b3 K7 s! {' F6 `% h( e 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
* Q( r H0 }8 i" q0 u& _: q# B& V% [. x' w# Y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' X1 J! ^7 }3 d3 L0 [+ Y, x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" |) k, w) D, R9 z) n 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 ]; q, ~) M1 v" q0 e+ @ 135. Popular nonobedience4 z2 Q' R* L) H# j5 R4 p
136. Disguised disobedience) c1 }+ I) ]) ]2 ?8 C2 ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* ^: I U$ S# v+ @9 I# y/ @
138. Sitdown
, O. s7 {( n! o0 y+ o! h" v 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' t; u+ G# J: L( W- E1 I) p2 G3 `
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 C) ^. T+ o" G, S 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 f+ |( f% p. o. I2 k' X
3 S, _5 t$ @' zAction by Government Personnel: m3 d2 ?# n0 |) X! c$ ~" O0 R
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, h0 R: [: M1 a% o" W+ Z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ n' t6 L" s' k+ n J 144. Stalling and obstruction
' H0 \% U! r8 }- U; r' S 145. General administrative noncooperation" j1 b7 L/ S r. x
5 `9 I& |' g: p3 f m4 n
146. Judicial noncooperation
" C2 J2 }5 `3 Z0 j6 {6 H7 h 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. e% Q% @* L6 w* o7 V 148. Mutiny
+ y& k# i* G- I w B- bDomestic Governmental Action
2 J2 ~! C M w% n 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 W0 E! V# F7 Z1 a 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 w. e/ ~3 J8 z$ w" N- W
. L5 J+ ]7 k; n. f" d
International Governmental Action
$ b. A) d" a/ x; E8 j" P) W 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ _% t- x& }2 w6 T% M! c 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( N+ P3 J/ ^1 V8 l6 n/ m+ W 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 f: B5 E4 y0 X8 @/ ^6 |$ m4 F( H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 g* \/ K1 t1 _
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 o; R" }' u. U8 `9 m; P/ m 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; v3 d3 E9 e& u9 O- N, d1 H! Z
157. Expulsion from international organizations& o1 g4 x0 j+ f% X5 F$ Z5 ]
4 f) q6 d6 {% J# M/ }+ T) x
# S, {& G4 @) D. _; W# n1 X5 n) J6 L% I8 Y+ V9 l
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
I" f" Y: V7 ] N _5 R/ q0 H5 w: R7 T
8 L5 [& n: e/ I( F9 s& o* Y1 d5 NPsychological Intervention* h3 f5 V- X# P+ C
158. Self-exposure to the elements# c8 l) g5 d* n* B; z& L/ k, A3 B
159. The fast: a2 f/ v, q% _$ T
a) Fast of moral pressure0 A! v. T9 t/ N$ }5 W- i3 {
b) Hunger strike# B) {. Q$ n" ~, Y0 M: d
c) Satyagrahic fast
4 d) L/ J4 G4 l5 \ 160. Reverse trial
0 t! J0 \- ]1 N 161. Nonviolent harassment
: j: z2 G8 r# e4 I8 x
# c! w V5 ]1 p wPhysical Intervention
n# d7 {! \1 J/ V3 q 162. Sit-in' {& {1 D$ h ^" m1 y
163. Stand-in
/ H- [6 [$ U; Q; H0 |: L0 N 164. Ride-in7 b% S) n+ Y1 n
165. Wade-in
6 b. f& s7 y" x/ M1 j5 H7 j- X9 c 166. Mill-in
4 _+ R, h. E. J7 h5 u 167. Pray-in" n* d) [5 ], l; ]/ q5 ]% r4 U
168. Nonviolent raids/ G! w3 I6 A _. S- `! v" P
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ X& I% I+ Q$ ]0 B" U" u 170. Nonviolent invasion8 Y. P+ }7 @1 Z- w
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 Y0 t& W2 E4 @( R! M 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) K( H* _. h- |, s2 h 173. Nonviolent occupation
) [: }0 M/ m# }$ u( Q V( |/ N
6 N# v. H: x* z1 KSocial Intervention. g7 d4 ?! `5 |3 [/ `$ x- }+ y
174. Establishing new social patterns# `, K" t9 X1 R7 D( w
175. Overloading of facilities0 t: A' @) P$ h' m3 S. v( Q: I
176. Stall-in6 I& d5 p# f: \4 G7 K* B6 m5 h
177. Speak-in
- ]0 D) b4 [8 {; L. u4 h& H 178. Guerrilla theater* K: I0 e" r) j/ ]+ E# ~, R, J9 t
179. Alternative social institutions
9 ]6 f8 A3 z0 u* L( Z0 `' i8 e 180. Alternative communication system
m% q2 B% s& v# l) T: P/ b% f% J9 t, A8 ?$ x( q/ }
Economic Intervention# S& D3 n/ \8 u) i$ b
181. Reverse strike
n( {& N# Q: ]$ ~2 d 182. Stay-in strike
) b+ L3 M# r3 x4 D8 {) H9 J 183. Nonviolent land seizure1 q/ Y- s! f* Z
184. Defiance of blockades8 v0 p: P3 }7 i) I* ~
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ k' b, h' T1 G3 \
186. Preclusive purchasing1 ~0 K/ x7 R4 f* u8 H' \& @/ O6 O
187. Seizure of assets4 W3 ~2 h) b9 b7 i5 T& A
188. Dumping
& P O7 i8 p6 v8 L 189. Selective patronage: h% I' G, U6 o, |+ @3 r* p
190. Alternative markets
- H; I4 y5 m, O" c' Q4 r2 q; U) k! Y7 I 191. Alternative transportation systems
. |0 y: T! Y2 T* q( E: M2 o 192. Alternative economic institutions8 O4 c" u9 S8 G* M8 |6 d
) L6 C% _0 D4 L; M. o! H4 f3 UPolitical Intervention/ S; w( z+ L9 O7 l* B
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 L R5 ^7 P0 l, `; ]7 h 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 \4 V4 f' o* h 195. Seeking imprisonment
|9 K$ Q# H9 v' k 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ {1 G& X* u7 @0 H% ~. u: T. C+ Q
197. Work-on without collaboration
& C- N9 I/ x' w3 S$ U& L2 Z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 B6 f9 D1 l. H6 f; u, \$ o3 z7 x
2 t9 I- I6 V/ Z) Z! O |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
