 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, H% m5 e- G; K& O. u) t/ ~ uFormal Statements
5 h1 k5 g, e) U C8 R7 f 1. Public Speeches) r" f7 B. i2 {' Q9 o7 a- p
2. Letters of opposition or support
( @3 Z9 z) p: n( x1 y# I1 F4 a/ H 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 i. p( L9 }9 V0 j, a( R! W 4. Signed public statements
; M3 ?7 H. d; z5 b$ y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- O3 l% D3 k, B9 f 6. Group or mass petitions! d1 F2 {! k: y6 r( _
; i+ C. b% _5 g/ r" HCommunications with a Wider Audience, D' m6 K4 a& V9 j7 G/ }: a. j
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols Q; {6 j z" Q# u0 N% x$ b
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* h1 ?# u2 U& f6 i- u& _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' C, s9 R: f3 I! V. {, w8 @
10. Newspapers and journals
9 x4 m) [; e0 a }: ~ 11. Records, radio, and television
. E$ h6 a" o0 g6 p 12. Skywriting and earthwriting& q9 Q M9 `, }8 V3 P
2 Z8 {. n `7 d
Group Representations$ K7 D% Y; s' M9 i/ q6 ^ u$ K# S
13. Deputations4 ^6 P' ~ E" ]) e: `# ~
14. Mock awards
! o( p% `. o9 g& p0 W; ?5 { 15. Group lobbying7 u* s- i) R) T" {
16. Picketing
$ D. {3 `8 t# S6 n( V 17. Mock elections
* F7 D; Y& p2 N! s2 \
* x9 G( Z; k0 v! b' m# H) CSymbolic Public Acts1 @! D( u3 a$ e k* \& z% }0 m
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 v% ]" ?4 M, u" h
19. Wearing of symbols
, @$ U) s& ], D2 R 20. Prayer and worship
; C9 k2 ^& C# t( j 21. Delivering symbolic objects0 H* N9 z# u. J+ M6 |, `8 y4 v
22. Protest disrobings5 W9 R# J# H! r' x$ Y) {2 _
23. Destruction of own property
/ j0 ~* E/ N3 ?8 R9 l K0 A 24. Symbolic lights
* U4 {2 K; `1 S( }5 e 25. Displays of portraits
4 i# @1 I, O5 ^/ ^ 26. Paint as protest1 I3 J5 j9 x" ]0 O' D
27. New signs and names% ?$ z' m$ z8 Y7 b8 L* P
28. Symbolic sounds
2 V3 R5 ?) U) T- x E. E 29. Symbolic reclamations
. e) ]) D' y' ~* ~ 30. Rude gestures- e; ^: |! Q: K+ L# W2 r
: v1 V7 s. q( K8 ?! {Pressures on Individuals& b+ Y, W( [0 k0 r' R: M( k
31. “Haunting” officials
" F' \) W. E5 J6 d0 Y 32. Taunting officials
% h$ l; l3 W* {& c" V9 g; W 33. Fraternization
# z/ x+ }, j* \5 t 34. Vigils
, [, }- G, Z' p: h! ^) g+ N1 f8 D" v( D+ J
Drama and Music
$ S- A0 G0 n: J, ]* t 35. Humorous skits and pranks
) s8 q& p3 ~( K: U& a" G 36. Performances of plays and music; j- N! T$ n4 d5 O
37. Singing# i$ f: E( R$ y/ |& T
$ I: v5 X9 z' f5 W8 Z& `! o* TProcessions/ X+ w: } M" |; n9 x2 P" O8 h
38. Marches
( y$ }: w& ]# o+ [9 R 39. Parades+ @) [: V3 `" ?/ ~( v; o; S
40. Religious processions! R0 d$ \6 |4 P7 w
41. Pilgrimages
4 u( s, C3 M! Z$ i 42. Motorcades
1 e* t. S' r* y+ T- a0 s
# E! C& p3 Y5 Z. `7 Z z7 NHonoring the Dead
2 o+ o- W# u/ y0 z 43. Political mourning6 r# W2 [! [9 F" h7 L) \% l O' H
44. Mock funerals
2 k. s& g8 u/ \ 45. Demonstrative funerals$ a6 l1 {, [# _7 u T$ d- K
46. Homage at burial places
* V$ ]% o `! w C" q8 X8 K2 T1 l* P, N! g
Public Assemblies
H' P! q8 T) ]+ ` 47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 h% ]+ E4 c6 R 48. Protest meetings J; B Z) X" F; Z, _* d* p7 K
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 z1 d! q9 S- F5 V5 V8 U5 J
50. Teach-ins
$ y9 U/ X; m( R+ h% H3 Q+ V- W' t( w+ P* t+ k }4 ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation" ~0 v1 H# H* m1 N
51. Walk-outs
+ z( x" i5 {8 b R 52. Silence
5 V0 K$ l7 _/ y4 l' r& h 53. Renouncing honors
0 n& M" z9 E$ Q' U9 B. c2 z 54. Turning one’s back
' Y1 g9 E# @$ {' G
# ~! c% P3 E J7 h' f# p( A ' @2 X; d4 c8 U: }8 V/ X6 i
/ S8 G. i2 T- ]# \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* a: d) I* z) P! |* P; q7 i) _4 }
9 V* Q5 K+ I! G$ r6 a 0 ?8 O7 X: S* x# A
3 u! Y: m9 w# g1 `Ostracism of Persons9 t; Y# ]% |+ g3 K0 N1 l. h) ~% C
55. Social boycott3 ^0 h0 ~- ^/ D9 U
56. Selective social boycott: B* S% h4 U% H- y& h7 e
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 _" J9 O% v5 E- ^/ m5 ~; u! x 58. Excommunication
7 A0 F" P7 F, s& k+ A$ N, @ 59. Interdict
5 O# m$ h6 P* W' M- g' W/ A# H5 a5 Y9 d' G% l; Q+ C8 Z- G
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! Q6 }/ c+ ]( K 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 d" _5 B) o+ E& @2 T- [5 E 61. Boycott of social affairs
; Y i* E# k" i$ e2 I 62. Student strike
( H. R& o$ ?+ P, U" A' L- e 63. Social disobedience
) g" F) O7 S0 \/ U `) h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 p. @, |2 N8 h4 \
3 a* p# ^8 _& B: m' V( {+ l' `Withdrawal from the Social System
) q6 V. J% k3 j1 _! F/ z 65. Stay-at-home$ n+ \: }$ ]/ T
66. Total personal noncooperation/ g/ @& m$ U$ B/ b, f
67. “Flight” of workers
/ v* Y$ ^) E; O5 P& ~) ?3 _2 S! F 68. Sanctuary
% U. B% u" S' h" W0 \ 69. Collective disappearance9 j1 `, v3 n; W7 W' z( c$ @
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ a; q1 i' E% h% @. G& ?
1 ]! @: ]$ }7 x1 v9 A
X5 {2 {5 p( Y; Y+ N$ n( _; P9 ]& u6 |* ~* ~1 W
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
! M2 v. P9 x, x+ y7 ?7 ^0 d5 F5 S" P+ I5 c3 J6 h6 |$ G
( Y# ?! n- Y. OActions by Consumers$ B- ]" i0 `6 S5 |9 c
71. Consumers’ boycott
8 t9 M) ]/ {5 w' o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ E6 Q4 |9 O. t4 s; i 73. Policy of austerity
2 Y0 h; B( z6 } K S. W& ?# {: [ 74. Rent withholding% h4 h: b( n2 a3 K& P& m
75. Refusal to rent
) ^) ~: |) z1 A8 H( y ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott
7 L! K& ?. S. e" L; J4 j 77. International consumers’ boycott
& N- p) ]: @6 O
9 G* f. ^8 `9 B8 _6 v/ @/ ~Action by Workers and Producers
3 V% X# l2 R: [9 G 78. Workmen’s boycott
, R) w7 u2 A. I- W0 u+ X& L: A- L 79. Producers’ boycott
, ~6 H2 q6 W& f6 S' o
+ u4 l' Y o8 x. M) I4 X8 M `Action by Middlemen+ `! A) T$ H$ K. d- K e
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& d; C4 u; x0 B. o* J, |
- J9 I6 j: A/ E+ M5 Q1 W6 |2 I- eAction by Owners and Management- }$ V) ~+ O" Y( b& f
81. Traders’ boycott8 x+ C# D# J5 T6 o+ E
82. Refusal to let or sell property
. }/ o( q$ N. w' z& U 83. Lockout; j. u# W( P3 {
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! ?2 P" W6 i" p: m/ H8 A 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, h o* u* n7 @( M0 V; w. j2 ]; ~- u
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 h% C, e3 r+ y2 ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) |. ]7 W$ W" O3 {9 x
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 [. x1 ?& |. c# T- u4 d1 q 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% s. p* J# t0 ~ 89. Severance of funds and credit
7 i* [$ s. ]4 f4 t8 c4 Z 90. Revenue refusal
) s7 C* U2 e# e6 R8 G2 O% a2 C 91. Refusal of a government’s money: Q% q4 v( C, c, G2 v
; v, J/ U7 H. T" E, ?# i- tAction by Governments* |1 }' L8 I+ F: G# z+ P
92. Domestic embargo
. ?% K; _5 y+ K 93. Blacklisting of traders
8 u1 f' c) Z' q9 C% T8 c# p1 u' F5 E( E0 b 94. International sellers’ embargo
' a6 N3 ?4 \7 W# T1 ? 95. International buyers’ embargo
! X$ a3 @4 n; q; C9 w& r 96. International trade embargo
: ]) I/ d$ q$ o+ p+ j3 r1 P% D6 Z2 I
+ V& G. ~3 O5 ?3 e$ S% z
8 w0 D: U3 E& H; e5 J, G- J
+ c( K" Z# T; L( |+ m8 F; k* qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
& z$ e0 m3 l' \2 i3 m0 L" h3 N2 v$ v8 [& `. [; N
6 v/ g: t% J( k' S" u% ASymbolic Strikes4 [7 _- U6 N) \( S7 d" P
97. Protest strike
0 r# p( C4 b3 G% h 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: v6 l8 W0 M3 J9 B0 h3 [4 V9 n. q; O- _( S' G8 U% S0 a
Agricultural Strikes% }' O/ s, K: |, C6 K C
99. Peasant strike5 R8 ?8 ?/ K+ r! a1 V+ c9 L( Z8 J
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) O# H7 b# V6 C% w; \% ?0 e7 G R$ j4 n0 h. T8 O9 t5 r5 C
Strikes by Special Groups( c! Y% k& v$ W" o7 T# H
101. Refusal of impressed labor% Q% h- k0 v/ h! b, u
102. Prisoners’ strike6 A; N% }. o% k8 }: g I# X7 l
103. Craft strike$ K- e5 }# r2 I! \* C
104. Professional strike
2 r5 D( C) a3 Z; g. w4 T% H2 y) v8 Q% g
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 C5 B$ l0 P% F& X/ k; C3 w
105. Establishment strike
& g4 R& @. I$ v' z! e3 o& V3 Q/ ] 106. Industry strike9 V1 V. ], O4 X+ x" U5 O6 X
107. Sympathetic strike5 u( z/ f$ v% M4 h
, ]; R; P! F' Y; B) }+ m
Restricted Strikes# M) o3 M: B0 r) U
108. Detailed strike4 ^" x) W. `% g9 Q- F
109. Bumper strike5 T- W7 g4 u) V* r
110. Slowdown strike+ |* n& G5 \" n
111. Working-to-rule strike
\; e5 b. X1 K8 Q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 g2 m" r& q& e7 Q, }1 t2 l 113. Strike by resignation
( V6 R# l3 Q. V* `, P9 D. }+ [9 I 114. Limited strike. S; I! z5 H$ K# Y. z0 @0 @
115. Selective strike4 ^0 B7 N5 `' @% _
, l* V( L/ [: K% P5 k8 k* ^4 Z }& n
Multi-Industry Strikes
2 u9 Z# S: C3 Z5 n0 \
( l9 t9 [6 W3 _$ D; r 116. Generalized strike. D( f4 H" k0 h0 k
9 B9 w/ s# F/ O2 ~
117. General strike
# A* d7 w1 X/ y2 }" a5 `/ _1 o
) X5 |1 }9 \+ eCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 T% @& q+ b* F' X7 A- H
& F) _( k B M' v3 N5 U- p
118. Hartal
* K: @: x) _: |6 I% f% X. D$ M7 U) |3 Y# N" l5 i+ v S
119. Economic shutdown4 q* b }& V# b* [% g9 b+ l( U
$ G. o( O+ Z1 j
) }2 I) C" P. T* k; p, o4 o b
) T( Q% I. ?# i- ~$ Z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
u8 @ z) e! {' ?" R' B: c1 ^; H& i. l. f8 r: y
e; e0 J1 _0 V. a* d: n0 T6 w6 vRejection of Authority
: v) e$ L: X' ~ Y& w 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ `/ y0 f$ Y( I& k& g' ^& P1 }: r/ ] 121. Refusal of public support" ]* w7 [) T' D- [
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& w) z* `' {, @' {0 F+ f
o. O, o K) p/ N9 _$ YCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; [( j+ J4 D* J 123. Boycott of legislative bodies# ^7 n4 i5 m/ C+ R
124. Boycott of elections
4 D R Q' h; G c& m 125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 @; W( M6 N5 b; l
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, p" ? _: D( H0 w1 E$ X
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% T1 ~- T, Q4 ?. c* z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 Z& r1 j K) K' Y, _- C 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
8 u/ i& V8 V' M& O k f 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% n$ Z5 | U$ c- v) R* j 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 i% _5 u1 h5 b
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" k2 ]$ U$ V) a9 m1 c
1 k+ g$ H% \, ?6 H3 c qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! l7 g8 ^( z+ V$ v. E- X3 l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 C4 A! g9 d1 ^( Y/ X( R. W+ _+ w* P
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# w6 \# T, F. c* J' t 135. Popular nonobedience
% |* v7 @ W" @" {5 x' X 136. Disguised disobedience# \! [/ R8 M. D) @0 W
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# c0 `8 X! }0 h& O7 ]' C9 }* x3 B4 e 138. Sitdown* ]6 D) z4 F- W* ?: ?
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; c- X% ?) k+ V8 t! [ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 z: ^ I; G9 ?$ r3 }. T
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) r, R! L7 f$ W2 G7 |( t
- h5 O6 e- A3 E: fAction by Government Personnel. q" |, K8 H* j4 @$ t! Q2 K, H- ~
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( S: o4 v5 F! S) e 143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 j/ c- d/ I2 C7 {# h& Q( B
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 Z3 v- g9 X( |+ ] |4 t R 145. General administrative noncooperation _8 K4 i# b" c
. z9 J8 [; I+ u [ 146. Judicial noncooperation
! a/ ~# Q) P1 s2 b 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 f6 j/ l5 p6 F" m0 C( s% M+ k4 x 148. Mutiny- y5 x9 i$ e% Y9 _2 P& d8 C
Domestic Governmental Action
7 g' s9 w& W- d 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 q# {. s, `5 J- ]. q* N
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units, X. O, a5 s& w
& z; @& Q! H* U# O, R: ?1 OInternational Governmental Action$ m4 ?2 N- B. c- m, M, \
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 U4 N G1 v: w: n& s: t" l! [
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 _# s5 y* Q7 a" ?8 x5 V 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. l2 h/ {9 V9 Q3 I2 I 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' i+ a/ Q7 S f! A8 f 155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ x& E6 h9 M3 B7 m
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. V6 B6 j7 @: i/ \8 v, g
157. Expulsion from international organizations5 o/ C# l& }' y0 R c% }! T- @
, k3 ~& @4 M4 l# a* E
; ~; F- t" u" r& y! T! V: ~- \8 f
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 K( ~3 L% W |
. \ ~* G# L& V! o) S6 z
0 Y/ r& |" }" n5 N5 ^( IPsychological Intervention
% k, s6 @8 P8 ^& |2 d' ~9 T5 z 158. Self-exposure to the elements }' ?# U! S0 i
159. The fast
G k3 b5 J! v8 G% C! { a) Fast of moral pressure
! d. G( n5 [! ~4 H b) Hunger strike7 E% `* C0 R& z% b- l8 H. n2 v
c) Satyagrahic fast
. U9 L: Q: V% K$ F 160. Reverse trial; S9 j/ U, X9 a( w/ t
161. Nonviolent harassment6 H: ^9 F* R9 V$ x1 d p
( c% z {7 i+ WPhysical Intervention
1 j# [2 w$ d) P; T' R. K 162. Sit-in) s9 c9 P9 G! h+ w2 p5 u
163. Stand-in/ W B$ z$ F3 U1 R
164. Ride-in
6 l9 B7 |2 g/ S; i& f6 N 165. Wade-in
. Y/ J9 {) }* a 166. Mill-in% e+ H$ G/ J2 U" A6 K2 m
167. Pray-in
; J( b- r; n, O, b" t 168. Nonviolent raids
) M+ g9 s4 a5 B- B 169. Nonviolent air raids
9 s, [* t: m; i 170. Nonviolent invasion1 j$ a; q9 C' U* f+ C
171. Nonviolent interjection
s- T1 l3 N7 E 172. Nonviolent obstruction& ~- c% i% b3 {' p9 e4 B, H- K) u
173. Nonviolent occupation
4 q: @: y% q; E. [& y" s+ n7 r# n
0 y+ e4 G1 ]. A, Q. RSocial Intervention
; q* Q8 U' B1 u3 N2 f 174. Establishing new social patterns1 y, t8 ~& I5 B6 e- e5 W
175. Overloading of facilities
' e7 { u9 M& m- e$ c$ Q5 |! {, i5 ~ 176. Stall-in
# M& _( I" \, h: C) ? 177. Speak-in
w- l* Q) l! T; ?8 H, x1 B 178. Guerrilla theater
7 L8 c# R& g$ _8 U6 C5 Y5 { 179. Alternative social institutions
8 U0 W+ m, U) o% w- B 180. Alternative communication system
2 c$ H! P P+ _2 o4 J: B5 P6 @5 K' O+ w( M6 \* A* @6 ^
Economic Intervention( c2 }! z% p Y0 E5 [
181. Reverse strike0 t# ^8 H7 T6 R" M* ]
182. Stay-in strike
1 y& R1 Q/ p! [6 g% f' m- Y+ o 183. Nonviolent land seizure! n0 D. _3 @6 S
184. Defiance of blockades
$ O$ p1 N( }( N i t 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 Q% l; A8 o f4 [9 J! Z' ^ 186. Preclusive purchasing! r3 y& D4 P. o
187. Seizure of assets* y! N& A0 E+ R0 e8 U
188. Dumping
4 s3 \4 H: }) U% N* a 189. Selective patronage+ A3 x% p2 ]7 o' @5 Q
190. Alternative markets' h! w1 E* d% A) r7 F
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 i, ~8 M$ C% Y0 D+ h9 v; \ 192. Alternative economic institutions
" u8 p$ W! t5 e- U1 \" D9 }0 [+ u$ [' c: i9 U+ a3 C4 C/ \
Political Intervention+ h9 C6 l5 ]/ e. |! O9 \; p
193. Overloading of administrative systems' r1 H7 @' G" k: G' v. h" Q
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' W4 i+ a6 n- S+ a+ @! A
195. Seeking imprisonment
' ~% t, O+ a% b 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( l! A( n2 j2 [( |! l) O2 X 197. Work-on without collaboration9 s( Z" R3 P4 O& Y! A* `# n: z0 Q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
/ _- P; M0 l- {: C8 x2 c& Q5 G4 c5 w' h1 b
; j; j5 w% y" v( K- H& L |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
