 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ S2 t( Y! F/ q ~! ZFormal Statements% O/ {, s: q8 k2 s' T6 I! F7 I
1. Public Speeches
/ i/ ]1 y0 @0 H; Q3 ~% t& }) _ 2. Letters of opposition or support r6 b" p/ P2 C" o% I
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 I% R q5 ~$ l( H. i ]# c
4. Signed public statements
5 i6 N3 a/ R8 Z$ Y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 C, P% T& g& M1 T 6. Group or mass petitions
J" X- |/ L: V9 u1 o
6 T' M- _' A- n* Z7 z9 g* QCommunications with a Wider Audience; a1 d y! |# h. `2 U7 J1 Z
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; s0 F8 v8 L* K* R 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ B+ U( _5 W- X2 y
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 {- K# [( Z- T/ p, [1 ^ 10. Newspapers and journals. f" p) `3 ^! r* J6 {2 n
11. Records, radio, and television+ A# i4 Q6 i7 U" y) }$ d1 v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
) @" M: B) X8 x* s; ^# M3 E
4 z, x# D R% b6 C8 lGroup Representations- M, Y3 g. J0 J. m! r8 k: n: {2 w
13. Deputations( _ E' A' {2 G+ R" x0 v8 E5 S
14. Mock awards
& ]/ V: x3 K7 k 15. Group lobbying
+ q7 S* }4 d! L- ]* @# {! P1 p 16. Picketing
0 k8 H) Y* p( {8 ?( ]1 ~) { 17. Mock elections
$ x' V% |0 V; P1 @) m0 B, j
' ^2 o5 X( D6 N0 `Symbolic Public Acts
. d: l d: h9 r# t8 s 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# A" o# h! j4 y# _ 19. Wearing of symbols+ S% e% D9 h1 c: Q
20. Prayer and worship
# v5 g2 f" P$ ]' _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects$ }5 T8 d. C, V0 ~" {7 }
22. Protest disrobings6 f% |! s( r: {5 N
23. Destruction of own property2 G! O* u) y; Y- B4 c
24. Symbolic lights) o* T- p' H' x/ g$ I! `: a
25. Displays of portraits9 o2 W' w7 h3 Y3 _
26. Paint as protest
; F! N3 y& v4 } Q( U# J8 ] 27. New signs and names
$ u9 p% `) ~" {6 L/ q0 M 28. Symbolic sounds5 v% P4 z7 {1 y# l# `( V
29. Symbolic reclamations7 V+ s! ^9 f$ g
30. Rude gestures. P% Y: K9 R3 d7 S- I( J9 u) c
. z* z: i5 Z' x
Pressures on Individuals
& Z4 L0 F2 h; Q5 ~( Y 31. “Haunting” officials
, p' A0 X& J# l' w) }# a# o5 l 32. Taunting officials
3 i G& b! ?9 a 33. Fraternization
- ^5 M5 ^: S8 T$ O 34. Vigils& O1 V- ]8 t( T
b& d8 k$ v3 ^4 E, yDrama and Music7 g2 n5 x6 W5 ~
35. Humorous skits and pranks
, T0 b5 ]/ }$ B* j 36. Performances of plays and music$ B4 K+ R7 _( X! s/ s+ E; P
37. Singing
0 d; ^0 U r5 D7 v/ d
' q X8 ~- F/ N; g7 G9 ~Processions/ P0 l H/ c- b8 L4 I5 i
38. Marches
5 f0 C0 I0 q" w# f" e& D 39. Parades6 t7 y) G& [7 r8 `% `& M& L \" _) a
40. Religious processions: u9 a# K/ x, t6 l
41. Pilgrimages% o) c* T( V" S. L, v& B9 B* V
42. Motorcades
1 [# I. _7 L7 \2 D0 q
1 H" T. x' ^2 E; HHonoring the Dead
3 p3 v! [! C' i( ^7 d 43. Political mourning4 c7 T2 e* I+ R
44. Mock funerals$ M4 {7 S) X, P- y3 i: l: |
45. Demonstrative funerals( L$ {" D$ o# a1 l* Y! {& G! C/ a% ~& w6 I
46. Homage at burial places
" P d' U1 \. r4 p, `( G( Q" `! X q) j! ?/ G$ M
Public Assemblies" {/ G! i2 u6 @7 \* s
47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 Y$ e/ w! q/ Q* Q X 48. Protest meetings+ a, v9 _; A( L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest. K1 p7 a$ H( n. i
50. Teach-ins
2 ]+ D* \" N7 ]0 L: V. a$ J2 }: U; @$ u
Withdrawal and Renunciation
, g* Z' R; W* N/ ^( m( F/ I! T' d, U 51. Walk-outs) W U: X2 q$ k) D' B; U! R* O
52. Silence* g% b j% L& T' @2 V. V
53. Renouncing honors
! u" P5 u/ M+ J 54. Turning one’s back) H b% J! \! ?& x0 @; @
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1 d( E; h# _) L2 N2 [3 r
$ z) x- v2 F5 `# i' R/ d8 PTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 F5 i4 q4 Y1 a% l0 ^( C
/ J& J& `! u7 [& t, m; E. yOstracism of Persons
) [0 t! v/ O3 z$ d 55. Social boycott
& x. {; g+ b2 \" ~5 B 56. Selective social boycott: Q) {2 v9 n" w8 F
57. Lysistratic nonaction
& h- E# F+ A+ o/ ?4 w 58. Excommunication
' v& d( Z; I, @1 ^' w0 O 59. Interdict
9 m2 U6 c) q4 P* X
8 A* K7 p+ O/ ?4 eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# i# _( h. F0 Z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 G9 i' O: [2 H6 ^' w/ Q7 Y 61. Boycott of social affairs; {" K/ c, h+ l% l
62. Student strike
) W, n0 @" H/ N# r 63. Social disobedience( }+ g) b# K ]8 Z" F) z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions+ Y9 X9 c0 q; c2 O# k
6 x& z7 Z: {9 P9 t `Withdrawal from the Social System
; e2 Z2 h: \! m, N1 V# `2 j# | 65. Stay-at-home% \$ g) p8 B' _, {+ F$ S
66. Total personal noncooperation
' s( d( ~& y/ K2 ]+ G& Q 67. “Flight” of workers+ y: ?. ~# L# D7 [4 ` G6 }" S
68. Sanctuary
# }+ t K7 F5 n: o6 C; W 69. Collective disappearance
1 }5 F" {4 X+ W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 l: v2 z( B& W8 X
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 a x7 ^! y" ~" D! S& l1 V( {2 T0 I, y% m
7 I# b8 g% D9 K# |4 d% jActions by Consumers
1 s' Y2 f. s' `: B 71. Consumers’ boycott0 N. X% t- T+ o
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 y0 N. z, M6 x4 U1 @5 v 73. Policy of austerity% Q2 z9 V, D( u/ l u
74. Rent withholding. Y1 F9 y* u( i! B$ |! \" m
75. Refusal to rent
. H# ? j* C, a) O# _ 76. National consumers’ boycott
2 i ` r6 b: N 77. International consumers’ boycott
7 w) ]( L( J. o: m3 s
1 s7 B* q' z8 C+ G% H( ?% sAction by Workers and Producers
0 ~6 i- B- b! m8 E* p K. V8 H 78. Workmen’s boycott+ v( E" h1 p1 b% \2 J. J
79. Producers’ boycott0 X. z# [* q4 N2 O, y
) o9 @5 G# r2 H4 m- W
Action by Middlemen$ V9 B% K x" C6 \
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" A/ L3 \2 K4 d! c( j1 a& r _
/ a3 j9 p3 l/ u; b9 U& jAction by Owners and Management
; N G2 }/ X O! H$ Z 81. Traders’ boycott6 a+ e- }/ a* o2 N5 F! e
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! p/ w# y( h4 t 83. Lockout
6 [/ K5 {1 z- {+ X$ s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: ]0 t/ n% K" H' A 85. Merchants’ “general strike”" {; I# S7 c% a/ o* q9 B5 M
! S2 G$ D Z: {4 ?- d* _
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
7 T# m2 O8 `" l# m, S 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 h2 ]$ Q$ r% b& T+ Q/ p$ r 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ S% k3 ~; o9 x# G3 C
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 N! G+ I2 _) K( j" Q 89. Severance of funds and credit
' P7 e; v: c; l( q+ J 90. Revenue refusal: w, [4 ~3 m O" Y
91. Refusal of a government’s money
R5 j+ A+ y: C- j9 f! [$ }* N
. Q: \' F+ Q' u: P! S6 mAction by Governments ~7 p! W) ~; |8 D2 m9 H
92. Domestic embargo
; t, A# d2 [; d' Y1 a( D$ d 93. Blacklisting of traders
4 G/ L. F) c& T 94. International sellers’ embargo6 v G% M4 Z, e7 l& m
95. International buyers’ embargo( T- J K1 \0 z% t) [- x
96. International trade embargo
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2 M1 P. [9 y( }3 C7 e1 r1 g* o $ S: {, n$ e: c* c% s: H4 r; y% X
) j9 w! Z- O& s+ |* hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! X: [, P& a& L: Y0 X% {
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0 }, B) c" r2 F- Y9 c$ g+ fSymbolic Strikes& I i8 m5 i2 [" c
97. Protest strike
0 A4 S$ o) n' d7 q$ d$ P 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): B. [- N$ ~3 [$ W- @
/ ~% B+ p0 N% ] f# |* LAgricultural Strikes
. N# y" g6 J& j3 k 99. Peasant strike
0 w3 X7 ]/ n, J/ Z7 [0 [+ O3 u 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ A: ^3 d! n9 f# a: H
% N7 e5 @8 j0 Q3 C" lStrikes by Special Groups3 f& V0 E5 C. m1 a
101. Refusal of impressed labor, c; O$ z. h1 M! n9 ^
102. Prisoners’ strike
. E, K- x; W3 |2 A 103. Craft strike
- y" Q3 M( p% Z* E5 z9 R2 X5 s 104. Professional strike
5 n/ _9 f2 w, @; u* S5 `) \9 S' J. S5 |# q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes' X0 K$ m2 x1 u2 q
105. Establishment strike
( C& a, b6 ]7 |# ?1 s 106. Industry strike
" ~$ O9 T ~ |) l* A' ?4 Z7 J3 d 107. Sympathetic strike
9 E/ C( H" k! d0 k. B3 O* t3 h1 t/ |5 y! i2 b0 j& G5 o$ v2 X; _5 ^
Restricted Strikes
; h% R! k- |9 ]2 }+ c 108. Detailed strike- E5 V; C3 F8 H+ a) {
109. Bumper strike- Z1 I6 O, ^' Y, r
110. Slowdown strike. h0 E1 H! `+ y! i( h; e
111. Working-to-rule strike& G& F4 A; Z1 ^7 n4 b& c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# Y$ a" r7 G$ w1 b0 |+ i% r" Z0 m
113. Strike by resignation, K; @4 y) I9 I6 b$ b2 v; R* }7 q* T
114. Limited strike& A& N' M# b' V7 o- X4 r
115. Selective strike
3 @1 j1 X+ @/ f7 W' }& @8 k) ` q) ^
Multi-Industry Strikes; ~2 D' w* A, B' J
2 h ^1 [; y0 m L* X, N 116. Generalized strike R( h0 p I' f- `
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 `, X( n, F% l, Y% f
+ o' U8 W# k) s) G5 Y0 U3 n7 Z; K 118. Hartal) V: G- {, ^ M0 g9 L1 N2 H# j
1 L: J8 F* r) r* z8 R! R
119. Economic shutdown( A- Z/ @" m/ N; n7 P1 c0 B
5 j+ H" s( a+ N) _6 X' `
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4 V2 r: o/ s! N: c TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. J1 K% [! C, U& C/ i: z6 N3 [1 @
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/ e$ S; b/ u6 F( A3 _+ `- i) K! BRejection of Authority
d" T% h2 ?' C- s' f8 R6 K5 W 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, _/ p! @% D: z
121. Refusal of public support! X4 S. o& K! E- y3 ^; X: d3 Q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 ?( D5 n+ f) N8 }5 K, s7 ~ K/ f7 A# O
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ x" {# b4 b4 O 123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ D5 U2 B) Q9 w
124. Boycott of elections
& l. N) m; k. T2 [- P2 s% ^ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ o: }5 V7 A% u8 T! T
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 v. l( g' q; @$ q5 i 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 o9 P; |5 c- X- Y! @
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 f- z9 n. u' K; X3 i7 B4 ` 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& O' j' W) `% L 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks+ K0 ?$ I; L! \/ Y5 D: t6 ]
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, \/ j: k- U+ i* M, q# W; D# y G
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ p; U( ?5 J- P% `
, [ x) { ^* V$ K. y7 ]Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ l$ H7 I6 t: C- W: |
133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 K( O1 c% l# r4 `8 g, V1 j8 o% O
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ o8 o( }& @$ `, H" }: T8 B9 H* E
135. Popular nonobedience: h7 _1 s' ]8 H( V& M) \
136. Disguised disobedience; i; }+ U# Q9 f; w0 x5 Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ Q+ M1 R1 W% B+ w0 C
138. Sitdown
2 n6 i# o2 ]3 u/ g 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
. c9 z' M5 |6 u# w2 x 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, a9 k8 p. f: e, c! Q! g
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( p7 C# V3 A: t' G F
! m7 Z, s) A0 ?9 {5 ^Action by Government Personnel" J- V9 g: A& y6 U# r8 l f
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! _$ j6 @2 N8 d; [! @# t: i( M# `
143. Blocking of lines of command and information @! v' n+ a+ V+ @
144. Stalling and obstruction
" b5 J( I7 I" J# R 145. General administrative noncooperation6 t. W. E4 k. ?6 w
; G4 D5 W7 ^5 k4 K) d) _ 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ P6 R! _+ k7 d: T8 ]5 h 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 w; Q! w {4 f4 R4 r 148. Mutiny
: S* ^- E- q2 ~Domestic Governmental Action
4 n8 E, }; g( [' d5 ?( R 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! j0 I* l/ D( A5 }# t4 U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) y4 z/ K' \; ^1 t
( ]6 E1 u. p; A' C* ` d2 |International Governmental Action
+ j6 e2 d* [7 Z& v& _ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 W2 b4 k( F7 @# |; R
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( t+ Y* @ r) V [9 n" F
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* D/ {7 M: O0 c8 Z$ P* ]- Y2 Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" [; L, X) T7 M" [; F0 X! j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 t1 o( E* c8 w3 x9 G) x$ T. T 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 R( t+ {3 d" F8 O# _4 L% Y# l2 S
157. Expulsion from international organizations8 t! P9 P" A& M
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6 K7 y* y) z/ a8 f8 U8 G* n8 @ o1 F8 c% M3 e0 `4 O( N
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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3 C5 Q/ }" ]6 \1 U& ~# h6 _" B: p7 \Psychological Intervention+ X6 i% p/ C. N5 [; x
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 E$ B/ e0 H& }8 n 159. The fast
: E$ ]6 @" S* b/ ? a) Fast of moral pressure. G) a( A. o7 ~& v
b) Hunger strike
% o: k8 [# i' h; _/ c) c c) Satyagrahic fast. H* P/ F; {/ Q1 c) M* k
160. Reverse trial
9 [, O) s+ t; {7 R/ P# J 161. Nonviolent harassment- S) t6 \5 T" o
: N, ^7 u/ o. B, k+ _' u% }" v# LPhysical Intervention
$ L' Z/ Y T1 S3 Q 162. Sit-in, }/ T7 Y4 _" Q4 a% u- g6 x
163. Stand-in
2 q, b7 V! O7 v0 N" j2 o' B& F. x 164. Ride-in
; [. H- d" H$ h; |/ b! p1 t" S0 J 165. Wade-in+ G- ~7 ?0 [$ J
166. Mill-in
; f* I t* t' v1 I7 U3 q1 V: _ W 167. Pray-in
9 Y1 |6 V) f: g8 B8 K- \3 x 168. Nonviolent raids; F4 O% g- r/ s
169. Nonviolent air raids1 F- Q/ D. F4 D, O0 \' R, _
170. Nonviolent invasion
% b1 Y7 R" o. Q2 I( S, F 171. Nonviolent interjection$ k* x; s5 F5 Z5 m1 A+ F* d
172. Nonviolent obstruction
q6 a; x% J% ?( w3 w1 T" S 173. Nonviolent occupation0 a- j8 y: G! {& @
# r( X t9 a' t% ?6 \4 m; D1 TSocial Intervention& j9 v# x) S* k
174. Establishing new social patterns2 |* P5 q i" Y1 Y/ S
175. Overloading of facilities E4 U4 _% {2 t0 r
176. Stall-in
" x A( k% m6 M" {* C' T5 v x 177. Speak-in
2 V1 s9 h, l# B \8 L 178. Guerrilla theater
I4 f, N' Z, |9 W9 V 179. Alternative social institutions/ u4 P9 X' q) l8 ]% t
180. Alternative communication system* I2 _8 c9 G: S" M6 t
( V: R' }# s0 l! k! m( `$ @9 lEconomic Intervention
! w; Q# \1 p3 r 181. Reverse strike
6 W% |1 Y: z2 O 182. Stay-in strike
6 G6 C3 x" `; T3 {- ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
" K8 |, W! F: B7 j, z3 ^ 184. Defiance of blockades
& Q- u4 {$ ^/ e! g* y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# V8 [" ]. Q z/ a- F 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 f4 [/ g& E* J7 z( G8 | 187. Seizure of assets! y8 a5 i; A! ]7 w+ T
188. Dumping8 G$ ?5 U9 Z4 \( }- P0 z
189. Selective patronage |4 N1 d9 V2 i
190. Alternative markets
1 z' a, s/ R7 ~, r5 U8 i x4 Z5 Z 191. Alternative transportation systems2 ?. {8 g% Y: Q1 e1 k0 Q
192. Alternative economic institutions) C! l- Y. I8 J. k% ^
9 P( g& c4 r+ z0 R
Political Intervention
0 n- ?, X) A Q, j* d 193. Overloading of administrative systems1 ~6 N3 x5 e0 ^3 Q+ o; w/ `
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 m& N) G+ p' w 195. Seeking imprisonment
) g4 o- M( R1 h! K6 w+ @# {* S 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# [' p( W; ]+ h* T K0 l+ g 197. Work-on without collaboration ~% ^- m4 I' w/ G0 O
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. \3 |; `; Y( q) s- c' q% k+ C
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
