 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
2 X, t# J: G4 t) r! {3 uFormal Statements8 h; @2 i& F4 W; Y* K0 L4 |
1. Public Speeches
$ A5 i6 y& a1 j7 ]; I( R* z y 2. Letters of opposition or support
% e$ ^# W( G( c0 g) H- s8 } 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* ^) X7 ^3 `: |) J
4. Signed public statements
5 B$ e% j7 E& r- E 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# Q6 L7 I$ @& M- @" u) l( d% f 6. Group or mass petitions. B; Y$ W( T: e1 Y q: {( Z! y3 y2 }
8 D3 N1 P% z2 f" x. C
Communications with a Wider Audience6 \: j* `; @# {. m) c: [
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ P v( x; T# s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 G0 A) p5 `, [( y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 ?- B/ G2 h. y" d9 T
10. Newspapers and journals7 W( x! j+ U( a
11. Records, radio, and television
1 p3 f) ^6 g( x, c 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- f- {: J! j/ n3 \4 Y, l% q2 K9 s5 X! O. ^7 A! O
Group Representations6 W+ _" s" x) ^. n; W" K
13. Deputations
/ @' Y' Y/ j) S$ f. ~% j& F 14. Mock awards
% ~9 T3 b9 h2 o( }8 j% a" P' N 15. Group lobbying
( E1 ]" u1 a6 Z$ F 16. Picketing/ m1 ~, H, a/ o/ ^& n5 \9 B
17. Mock elections
9 a: n3 W4 ` e; R. H# q I4 U- b; H4 c1 ]( B9 E; L* t' T( _$ H
Symbolic Public Acts
( @: ^8 c; i9 q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 z6 E! R) b: n: _9 p$ K u5 [ 19. Wearing of symbols
; I0 `2 y6 n$ `1 s }0 S0 ~5 E 20. Prayer and worship
( s; ]; R) v' u 21. Delivering symbolic objects* X) T9 H' s9 ?
22. Protest disrobings0 R2 q. r) [# s3 Q3 f1 P
23. Destruction of own property% [! R# } \! ]3 c( i U
24. Symbolic lights2 I$ |3 M* z* F3 F1 M
25. Displays of portraits
. ?, |; ?9 F1 a, M) t- x. v+ n: U 26. Paint as protest
" [# B3 x+ h( _: q: @) u0 V 27. New signs and names; Z& S- W6 t( n, F, K
28. Symbolic sounds( ~8 E* ^' [5 a6 x
29. Symbolic reclamations
8 G! j b5 J! _6 [9 l. }8 U N 30. Rude gestures
: o4 }9 x! h W3 M4 q S6 [! Q& t0 c
Pressures on Individuals
- I7 U5 \: b) S* i# s2 n 31. “Haunting” officials
: i: K; ?( |/ p g# @ 32. Taunting officials1 I9 R7 x. I( R4 o
33. Fraternization$ I7 B7 O- V( t
34. Vigils5 ~9 T% w7 r, j) v. w1 l& {
' ^- R' |; B e3 D; Q" }6 g. rDrama and Music
/ V) k" Q; _. h5 _0 T, b 35. Humorous skits and pranks: j/ I0 s; r' B# u
36. Performances of plays and music2 m. n7 C& j0 R- j8 _. h; C3 I
37. Singing
* c$ b# H5 V% {: e* Q; K# p
. L3 r: I; Z+ h- W. C2 eProcessions
; P9 u Z8 z; `+ h4 _1 X 38. Marches
Z. I# ]+ F, ~! c: b$ [ 39. Parades$ m$ O, _0 |. Y0 ^8 q
40. Religious processions/ a% A% }8 v0 n3 y( u/ f3 K
41. Pilgrimages
+ {3 f2 L$ J$ q2 Q* m1 J 42. Motorcades! k" P* k4 Y8 q, ^( }
/ H% H% j9 ~. J( v! j( UHonoring the Dead' |1 G h! q' F7 N' R
43. Political mourning/ V% v- \7 E4 Q* p
44. Mock funerals
5 o2 Y( h. E' |5 E, j0 H 45. Demonstrative funerals/ t1 h) j0 r/ @6 t7 Q
46. Homage at burial places( @& _) k+ |# Z0 R
& V/ t j H* GPublic Assemblies2 A- X1 C( z' e+ C" v
47. Assemblies of protest or support
. _ D0 i r3 l* Q8 g [ 48. Protest meetings5 o+ q1 E- M3 h5 s/ Q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. o, k/ `1 n# f% `# D! s% E 50. Teach-ins6 U+ {+ D) \9 v4 Z/ z6 c5 X
+ w8 k: [0 B t+ x9 p0 w
Withdrawal and Renunciation. u0 R. F& s& k1 C$ N
51. Walk-outs
" f e0 w9 Z& J' O 52. Silence a7 D1 P& a$ S; r' d4 k
53. Renouncing honors2 u# M/ e. |+ f
54. Turning one’s back
/ a- ?8 j1 y: T2 f7 T# `
$ n2 |3 S/ `- R) Q1 y- H4 i4 S
% W: l, e0 U5 e. A; i) U3 W$ k* R4 v! ~ @0 i7 T7 s4 C
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' i( Y0 g7 p) P" q, _
. F2 a! t- c2 ]; u# @% r
" c% Y }! T1 f7 S6 V6 R" ^8 P3 U, B, i
Ostracism of Persons1 {8 g- K2 B4 h
55. Social boycott9 g6 v! U: h0 j: ]* p& k
56. Selective social boycott
- }& Y8 e5 q3 I1 @3 j) V# h 57. Lysistratic nonaction
. k4 B/ h: \! [ 58. Excommunication
; s2 V# w& M: B2 ?3 v 59. Interdict0 `! U C- u1 r8 Z& b: L
5 u0 J2 Q& Z6 [6 s$ eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ [9 n" m, g4 R; h; [
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# w8 @; ~% W* B% H# j1 w u# V 61. Boycott of social affairs2 ^7 ~6 d# ^9 T' |$ G
62. Student strike
5 o4 F3 U& _: J5 M) q 63. Social disobedience0 ~5 C/ j3 F6 y3 f
64. Withdrawal from social institutions. y' w2 e3 i) m# U- d
5 d+ o% c0 P! O+ M! g: s4 ~+ {2 QWithdrawal from the Social System" `$ b" |! A) }2 A& i0 X0 D
65. Stay-at-home
4 v* v! i5 _4 v0 g/ ]5 Z) P9 o 66. Total personal noncooperation
& Z9 S+ [& H1 Z( D8 K 67. “Flight” of workers
0 d0 M% C% |( ?8 H. E8 f 68. Sanctuary9 B9 [, W9 p8 n6 U9 H c4 O5 g
69. Collective disappearance, D: f* ?+ c M4 o( a8 p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 B6 x; h3 R1 H0 I8 F9 M
" ]# A1 h0 T! I0 v- r( {6 i , b' Y3 T% P1 H# M
* ?' c; i6 L% Y, l0 y9 _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 y6 ^* R# Y+ j
; B T5 I; V0 Q- K8 E& e3 v8 ?
+ L3 ^. \5 W1 T: F0 H1 |
Actions by Consumers6 D9 \6 `( V- o& S6 [
71. Consumers’ boycott, F0 J) _( k3 u* }
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ z5 Y" v; I+ g8 M* m) R# j 73. Policy of austerity
& U* c' z; Z, e' B" T! Z% \2 l 74. Rent withholding
8 v$ H5 J; d _- y 75. Refusal to rent: b$ C% c. K: H
76. National consumers’ boycott2 P9 O% \1 P9 Q% {/ v% B! a3 l
77. International consumers’ boycott
" R/ V" l2 l$ ]) h. ^
( u R$ C+ \" N: B& { ~Action by Workers and Producers
. @( [8 f( s0 n3 G+ U' i' B1 C n 78. Workmen’s boycott5 h) s7 B3 h/ O$ I8 [$ s
79. Producers’ boycott C6 c) t5 g- n
1 W* U: R; Z K( r7 M9 UAction by Middlemen8 P$ |& Q% M, t$ _0 z$ a9 N
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! Q, X6 |- n( S$ h2 ^- g8 f2 E
( q& N* A/ r( i& dAction by Owners and Management
0 K. y! c" T$ Z9 `' U# H- Q4 W 81. Traders’ boycott# o8 j- M4 [; s t# E$ t
82. Refusal to let or sell property; k9 R! h3 N: {+ ?3 M
83. Lockout4 z- Q5 y- ]1 s4 _7 H' ~7 G
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 H. d- [! H: s9 ~' @ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ m f Z4 E! F: f7 `% s# L; x3 w1 g. E0 y5 Q; |( u5 J
Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 L$ `2 P. ^; m) a* O" @; ~# N7 k
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' S+ J+ y. F4 L M7 C: ~, ]
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! i8 }# q, {+ o3 I 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 T, S4 V) s3 ]+ U& i6 J 89. Severance of funds and credit3 `" u: z6 q& c0 f0 k% A
90. Revenue refusal
4 n0 e2 C9 g3 e8 {; b 91. Refusal of a government’s money* m$ [6 s( {& A% P
+ v$ ]% q0 g: c; P2 nAction by Governments
" c& [' V6 I) K 92. Domestic embargo
4 O5 w0 f# S8 ?7 m8 V& w3 W 93. Blacklisting of traders" J4 V% b7 _0 r4 h
94. International sellers’ embargo# z6 J* ? C. N2 M
95. International buyers’ embargo. x2 r; B1 N3 |3 H# x
96. International trade embargo
% O9 Q3 g' M5 h; |
j- [6 r, b C( C) l S- K
/ b( s) i0 `5 s$ |! `4 d; E
) b" G& w0 c6 v( d( E; Y# kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 n4 ^* i) B8 k9 y
7 l# r, d% d* D" U
7 T! e! F& e; }9 ]1 z; S! T2 wSymbolic Strikes
0 S2 I) ^- ^% q! s8 L& ~0 H. b& [ 97. Protest strike- L$ n7 m+ J; z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 |0 k- [; r3 _7 f/ F& d4 f4 }0 f) K& {) \2 c
Agricultural Strikes2 M6 j- l# ?) g* [3 W
99. Peasant strike
; G; B: U6 ~2 d, H' [ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
# q; B6 V" g1 x' ?# A4 x) W5 d0 u/ W" B) W6 r) w8 P
Strikes by Special Groups
, x7 g2 [! j% x: G m- j% f. r 101. Refusal of impressed labor
% F8 g3 U: f/ u/ G5 _$ W& b+ ?0 Y# N 102. Prisoners’ strike
1 F% ? H9 Z" \2 u' X 103. Craft strike! V2 }2 [% A2 X8 q8 J2 P
104. Professional strike% L2 `; o1 D1 k1 \- {6 e
+ H% t7 g: _ q8 ?, b: [" W' s! i
Ordinary Industrial Strikes" S& k+ Y/ Z# Y/ ?) R) V7 ^- M
105. Establishment strike
1 s5 x. V4 w* Q# c* X7 m+ ~$ [ 106. Industry strike
- T8 J5 J& U: F5 r$ v3 \ 107. Sympathetic strike s* h) E0 |& F# f& ?, Y
& _- R" K2 a" o6 S* d3 `Restricted Strikes
) f) G( U2 X- r6 h& u( s5 k 108. Detailed strike: w9 b5 z# j6 a" l3 M! A3 o
109. Bumper strike S& |" Y7 z) V2 u# h
110. Slowdown strike
1 p5 V, G2 ~3 Z 111. Working-to-rule strike
: J! Q+ |3 h z: x/ l' N& F$ s/ l 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 U/ C5 [4 K3 h7 M! ?( ^& S# C
113. Strike by resignation
0 H( U9 ?$ {% |8 k6 C, D 114. Limited strike/ i6 i$ _+ Q0 q8 b4 y' }: I8 ?
115. Selective strike5 _1 v: V. z; f- b
$ ?7 H0 m8 q* C w7 n
Multi-Industry Strikes+ L8 V7 @( l8 e% Y+ q
+ p; V: ?9 H/ ~! S 116. Generalized strike
: m) G: O+ k! K) {6 O
2 Z- p, W" I; u/ C$ q 117. General strike
( n# L1 g; U1 x P2 K) `1 N4 Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) }+ e5 ?6 Z- a6 E+ }/ U
$ e# |1 x2 h6 o+ H( a6 |* E% x, n 118. Hartal
: C0 {. M$ u+ d. F
/ {. f( y G& U) k% | 119. Economic shutdown
6 S" O5 i1 u# H/ _, F0 d* j4 U6 o+ j' s8 A' [( o" Q
% U& L% a8 Z4 _" l# O4 P c) M2 a" c& N7 ]4 f- U- Z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 x: A6 g! T; I . i! g0 q0 H- ] u* ^ Y
Rejection of Authority+ V7 d5 Q8 w7 Q M4 E
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& ], Y, d0 Z) S" ` t; Q& n" [ 121. Refusal of public support( D- G6 Z: M4 l+ Q0 T5 l1 n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 |: W0 G8 |& X; s" x2 ?8 m4 T% n
+ m7 m# I. E% `1 g& r( wCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. V9 a' X: E5 o1 Z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 n" Z% N+ @# W* o 124. Boycott of elections! k I4 h+ W4 i
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% A ^' `# ^* m) s! e0 @3 V" C% I 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 @0 ~: H$ {: [! S% K
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 v' ]) c& | O# X% f: ~ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- ?; L Z% E8 a9 u( \1 J! T
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: R8 l9 F" G5 f
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 Y+ @4 A. N+ n3 c7 m( u/ E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ _0 d9 t' S/ i
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! r' z8 ]! g% s1 g" S; ~" L
4 k% X$ ^# D' X% }8 U; B3 h/ }
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 K% d* D M7 q2 A: W+ g5 ?' n( b
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ i: {1 t7 G k: D# W1 `
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ r) A, H" B9 U3 s8 ~ 135. Popular nonobedience' g' ~0 S3 Z+ v
136. Disguised disobedience* \9 u2 q0 @2 B/ X4 g; O( Z& ^
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 F2 K# F9 @. ~( L 138. Sitdown
* R: R& W7 q( {1 O" R8 q3 M! S 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 Q$ b' s2 x+ q3 D6 ^ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# G3 S$ |: E. g5 V 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws- W/ B, {1 ^/ B+ g' h
4 i* T$ t: o) E
Action by Government Personnel
4 D. t" `- {: F5 y& \" R+ y 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 w3 |- p- B7 G* N 143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 c/ `4 u/ J- M D% J
144. Stalling and obstruction
5 |) Y7 j% q. b 145. General administrative noncooperation, q8 z4 M7 @% B7 x! e4 |' O
8 k% ]7 [4 m3 Y+ F
146. Judicial noncooperation' j m8 q6 L8 @7 o/ {7 c# c
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 z7 T" ~5 Q- m& l4 _6 M
148. Mutiny
. p. f4 u2 D0 Y cDomestic Governmental Action
, A }2 d8 K! A4 C* I$ M8 q. X 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 v! m4 o$ {6 W; i" T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 W4 u$ }) J$ u
$ v- Q9 o9 o6 f( F5 q+ lInternational Governmental Action( L" D" \& x5 f3 O
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ T0 i5 p6 X8 q" _
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 E. J/ E/ Q. R' E+ u 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* I1 y+ x0 X! N+ w
154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 @- p: ~. \7 x& K6 X
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# M0 g7 ]+ ^3 g 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; O1 ?+ |8 H( O @& @ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
- c0 o; |/ j, t6 `9 x$ G8 F1 f o2 @+ [. d9 x3 V* d2 ~
; _3 z# v+ i! k
8 j' t3 Q7 y, b, ^! ?/ p& nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 I1 f5 h& a, ?) `3 N5 p% Q) ~$ s& U3 _: t
c! U( \% Y) J0 v1 _3 v
Psychological Intervention: I# D: p# G1 a5 f3 m5 A2 l
158. Self-exposure to the elements
# g4 O' ]* c( \: f* s. W* m# j 159. The fast3 `4 U6 ~, B8 P5 q- c
a) Fast of moral pressure
+ u" Q, {5 q. f# N% A b) Hunger strike
* R' M! D2 g) D" \* {# @ c) Satyagrahic fast( ` p/ G* e/ k- d+ a' T$ Z
160. Reverse trial5 S# }9 C/ ]( f2 T
161. Nonviolent harassment
, D" h" z7 M6 p) D
% ~" f S% @1 U, O" Z0 `1 kPhysical Intervention
$ |, ^ S. X8 Q, k$ y* { 162. Sit-in5 e/ c1 i ]$ a; t$ J; \
163. Stand-in7 m/ A. C9 P% _% K) K, r( |
164. Ride-in6 H2 |2 l' J1 C% e. y. B0 ]
165. Wade-in
, D& {, z3 y) f) V: P 166. Mill-in: f) Q5 P) [ G* ]* \4 y
167. Pray-in
/ [' e; b5 |( @ N6 d) b 168. Nonviolent raids; F9 c. ]+ H+ v/ b i9 e% m
169. Nonviolent air raids6 H3 W" {- W1 e8 v+ M7 d
170. Nonviolent invasion
, l6 h, w c2 L- A6 Z% l5 B( ^3 E 171. Nonviolent interjection
$ l% ~0 ?" u2 |4 q% y4 \ 172. Nonviolent obstruction; a0 \" b. s; N% R2 @) K: D
173. Nonviolent occupation
: j( Y# M0 a0 n4 f# B$ e9 [, L( |4 E" n' ]0 l8 t) G+ T
Social Intervention" t; }. Z9 {5 F# d k% y9 ^+ d6 \
174. Establishing new social patterns
) g, z" s" J$ u: G! G# d/ S* a 175. Overloading of facilities" {, C1 F7 e' R
176. Stall-in4 _$ t8 R7 {* g* ]
177. Speak-in4 y0 t0 K! W3 Z. T# Q5 \& m7 w
178. Guerrilla theater# j5 p9 A# O+ \3 T" a+ k3 q% n
179. Alternative social institutions
& Q" Z9 P2 m" R% b, v 180. Alternative communication system
% }+ ^4 B Z6 L0 {/ [- G9 [
$ d7 J, _( o u. b5 q( UEconomic Intervention. v- m. C- }1 q/ D" ^) d; d3 V
181. Reverse strike
0 U4 }+ m& m3 g7 u 182. Stay-in strike+ F0 ~: E, g& V7 h% o, C! g' \
183. Nonviolent land seizure8 \* }8 @& y/ _# }% M
184. Defiance of blockades4 a" H1 G" a* L2 @( J. K6 E0 G$ Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( u$ I8 C4 X2 I$ h3 [! b+ I 186. Preclusive purchasing
: o# u" C, j8 s8 C9 ? 187. Seizure of assets
2 a2 m, i& O& p) Z/ U9 H 188. Dumping K) j& g3 x( F& @( }& [
189. Selective patronage8 e2 h. u& d7 q2 g: i
190. Alternative markets& g3 _2 P! P, a" Q
191. Alternative transportation systems
5 Y) [- t0 ~! ~4 |( U 192. Alternative economic institutions
6 q, o y" {* f0 ?# p, Z3 C; B- B1 x9 w
Political Intervention3 u H6 M8 c" \, H8 `9 e; A! v/ C9 H+ n
193. Overloading of administrative systems
& A+ @) P% x* V, g$ I 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; r9 }. w6 Z: o6 t 195. Seeking imprisonment
. |& I0 G9 Y) |8 r: v( c. Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* J5 Z/ C- Y/ H, d 197. Work-on without collaboration3 R" C' { g8 ] v5 v
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, W k$ e- @3 s# j3 f
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
