 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% w4 c% Z4 B7 _* P% DFormal Statements
/ R% _0 D* ?5 { 1. Public Speeches
% H" y2 X* s) n; o: k) |5 q 2. Letters of opposition or support
' \9 E1 y$ n: l! _ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 }7 [* i! [* r! ~
4. Signed public statements
9 W7 r/ V- F0 k& Q7 m) [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 R9 h+ H5 T8 b' n! N% n# L 6. Group or mass petitions
8 C7 C; f4 _- L1 Q
% ~0 W# j ]5 r# PCommunications with a Wider Audience5 c' l0 O. }6 a* k, U+ X; I
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 D& O* ?$ {& l1 i: v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# N {6 ?3 y, k- A% B 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 F% Z' r7 I8 ^ L* N8 M
10. Newspapers and journals
$ x7 h$ q2 P& k8 P* t 11. Records, radio, and television
6 [7 D5 u* t+ q2 L 12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 Z9 ?, z5 b- v/ ~
: C, d2 j N7 j0 V6 Z' K6 @$ j
Group Representations. F8 m% W) q% c
13. Deputations0 D. E) e7 u# y2 V! h! h9 ?
14. Mock awards! K4 W, X5 G ~: @% f, ^. T
15. Group lobbying0 j7 A: n0 Y' T1 j$ F% F. {
16. Picketing
1 |5 t: |9 c" N# B8 F" }) m 17. Mock elections
: W! ^$ ^6 h. z8 d
" F6 z8 s' }! `7 k2 JSymbolic Public Acts& I4 N! a9 l7 z. n9 i6 X" u: A/ Z5 U, N
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 }% m m! N( g" ^) h# j
19. Wearing of symbols
( [* C5 D4 C) u/ M5 |( W 20. Prayer and worship4 i) j3 T7 S. ~4 _; C* B
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 m6 v9 C3 s6 o3 b& c
22. Protest disrobings$ }6 u9 ^/ ?4 r- O
23. Destruction of own property
+ I0 K$ O2 c; f* \ 24. Symbolic lights
7 S9 c f! j+ v/ k0 \ 25. Displays of portraits
; E$ O$ ?$ V2 O { 26. Paint as protest0 `: y5 R9 u: R$ V0 z8 @, }8 |
27. New signs and names
6 D, [) C9 g+ Y9 X% v/ e 28. Symbolic sounds
& V" Y$ N; ]8 ^/ t$ D& Y 29. Symbolic reclamations
6 m; @1 V- p2 S 30. Rude gestures: L$ S& W+ `. ^. N; ]
6 b2 p3 J: y1 H2 v. l" B
Pressures on Individuals; R) f% s6 z) t8 D( K- u
31. “Haunting” officials4 |+ I u" I& l7 ~$ |% @0 z
32. Taunting officials
, s8 T) G9 |: [3 @ 33. Fraternization" h; p, y# H8 w) H* S# m
34. Vigils
$ ^5 L- W4 V+ }0 l* M3 {) u# D% @# Z. j8 u
Drama and Music
6 {+ ?- Q% A7 g- \0 Q 35. Humorous skits and pranks' G3 w; Y# G" d" ?$ N
36. Performances of plays and music
, |' e' q( K8 f4 _ 37. Singing+ }( M# @7 p+ B6 l
3 g$ U$ D2 z" z3 ?% N
Processions
! j: b3 m9 K+ |5 I. a6 J" u! O- m 38. Marches0 R+ h- W1 L2 K" b! p
39. Parades
# y) e9 |1 l% G% t# p 40. Religious processions6 a6 J. t3 W9 R! i5 o% Y8 W
41. Pilgrimages4 C& V- ~ n+ q, j
42. Motorcades+ f% } m+ W# G" A
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Honoring the Dead1 F+ v0 r+ I6 ^- l( ~
43. Political mourning
, ?! Y& h' u- W 44. Mock funerals' I8 i/ c; r9 p. A5 Q
45. Demonstrative funerals
" ` b2 h4 D" J& D3 C; R5 ~0 ~7 n 46. Homage at burial places" ?9 R N" |% g! Y2 Y
+ l3 ?! l, z/ u5 F) o- WPublic Assemblies& g2 ?7 }0 {0 }# w
47. Assemblies of protest or support, d3 |) ^) E6 |& r
48. Protest meetings% @. f; [) y+ I0 c8 x
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* S& }: @$ |- l; e( E
50. Teach-ins
: C. ]" N c9 @. Q
! _& }* @# S6 J& X0 b3 [& TWithdrawal and Renunciation
7 Z3 {5 M6 [# p 51. Walk-outs+ ]$ a" z& H, d5 g
52. Silence
" j" L/ _. l7 v 53. Renouncing honors
. M! R {3 {% m% y) \ v 54. Turning one’s back; q& T9 c. Q4 a- l9 O$ e/ {
5 X% w1 ^# h+ G- C
9 \8 d9 F! w7 @5 A+ @1 G
i" U: m' ]; a! HTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
( C5 o* Z; ~. u- o. w$ l4 ]& P+ j0 l! }! J
1 K' I0 N( O; n; }1 K' V
8 U- p1 Z* ^# O Y: H
Ostracism of Persons: @* y% h9 [( ]' x' {
55. Social boycott' T; X* c" ?0 {/ G/ ]/ B
56. Selective social boycott
" k, ^+ Y; [# a! a4 k 57. Lysistratic nonaction
; G7 M3 y4 n5 N 58. Excommunication8 g2 X, F9 t( {5 Y- R! k
59. Interdict
% Q8 v: m! |, w$ I& J6 I! f) H* P7 A" O
9 t; k; T' s2 D5 S0 h. ~Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 E) { T: N5 A( a* D( {8 s' f 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; { p( v- O$ q
61. Boycott of social affairs
! G" O6 R* X. I8 V 62. Student strike
3 w- G X2 h. x 63. Social disobedience1 p" G+ x0 t' K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
" a. f4 Y8 g5 T, \8 N& i8 P/ o7 Q6 P. p+ `
Withdrawal from the Social System
) ]8 q$ Q/ o5 V; c0 p 65. Stay-at-home- }; G" u. _9 f/ Y' I, x
66. Total personal noncooperation+ W" c x. e. r8 K4 ~
67. “Flight” of workers
% J) Y* {# ~6 |1 ]4 p 68. Sanctuary( U' v/ n3 H. a/ ?3 S: C
69. Collective disappearance% \, F. H; L/ t5 Z5 s% p$ p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ W& X# `7 l* f- v7 P' o: ^& U
* |# X) k+ N. U0 S* k
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
2 {* t/ ~* ?6 c! n" Q6 C
9 k% J) r, [. ~! q
U m4 J, G- }( H" n, pActions by Consumers
h, ~3 }# e) l 71. Consumers’ boycott
' W! T% d( p' Q- z, F7 \! q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
, O0 {1 }( ?5 J 73. Policy of austerity
, l) @; Q: p# X 74. Rent withholding
" b1 B* F1 W( K: H" X 75. Refusal to rent
! i6 [+ k2 G( {, ]8 }9 V 76. National consumers’ boycott7 ]+ P( C+ B5 c+ V! T+ L7 O
77. International consumers’ boycott. K3 N% h J6 {7 [3 ~/ ]) y, m
. F- c; g' H9 \( t3 ~Action by Workers and Producers4 y. s8 R& h8 R8 |
78. Workmen’s boycott
( W! o0 M2 O5 D8 r( F, I 79. Producers’ boycott+ y9 `" A0 T9 k0 S% w6 T) F
6 |% x3 S, z8 c8 LAction by Middlemen# g# Z. m q7 ^' r5 z* o% J
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ _7 X7 B& t; t9 w& k2 v
' Z9 J7 y8 M" |$ \8 FAction by Owners and Management1 }! X6 w5 o0 i7 [6 d3 t
81. Traders’ boycott
4 z# \# k# b" H 82. Refusal to let or sell property& X- ? u; x4 j% L. ~& v6 I
83. Lockout
3 I$ v3 t# {! T$ j, K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( O" S. i& T1 x% w M 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 v) p, G! S9 ^( y1 M2 b6 L- F. E; `( R9 ?; Q4 t) j
Action by Holders of Financial Resources* J9 C5 |* P1 J. {$ L7 A% c( k
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 S- |9 x$ y- |0 T; K" q9 T2 A
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' e# `$ C; V2 N+ G 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
{5 H5 z* v; ]9 S8 N 89. Severance of funds and credit
4 R* S5 N4 L+ y8 \: [ 90. Revenue refusal
' D* q6 P4 R$ b% q. _7 A 91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ R7 |3 h. Y5 ~- |! ^
' a3 w3 x& q/ ZAction by Governments
% S2 @' p% O8 W- J' L* G5 W 92. Domestic embargo, r3 D7 A& u$ p l
93. Blacklisting of traders
2 E! }% C; e2 @! j: O% V 94. International sellers’ embargo$ R3 {" z# g* Y! [8 A6 M
95. International buyers’ embargo; w' l4 \' Z/ P' o
96. International trade embargo
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; l$ f! Q5 V5 S6 J7 d8 w. D0 _4 Y# _/ y % v+ Z: N' H) p: T0 t2 R1 j( Q8 |
5 j/ y/ U9 f" m& h4 }. ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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# |- ~+ n, p% S) M, \) ]6 K- [7 z / X& M3 l2 P; u- O# U
Symbolic Strikes+ J* f$ D+ [; U/ ^) H
97. Protest strike
) R( x) C6 R" E: \& `) W" M 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% F* Q( _* s& G* H2 V0 n! O
/ @: [8 d; x q3 ]3 O
Agricultural Strikes
, K1 u6 l, B: X0 J) C: ? 99. Peasant strike
5 e- U3 E( i6 c- Z F- f, ^ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ U+ t6 u2 E$ V) E: u* |2 ^
- \/ l4 s9 p# b m: w- gStrikes by Special Groups
; h" k% Y9 t, y4 e/ l* e: Y7 y 101. Refusal of impressed labor% d! `$ ?# a- R8 g: D
102. Prisoners’ strike) o% L( _: s \9 Y' o. [
103. Craft strike% C1 O8 Q. d0 j% m% o K
104. Professional strike
6 v# R; H' C" h
8 n* x$ ~: }* _Ordinary Industrial Strikes. l9 ~* J/ Y- L8 H V
105. Establishment strike$ Y: m2 w Y$ |' H( t$ R* ]
106. Industry strike! W7 F0 f! d9 ^, D
107. Sympathetic strike
$ e9 {. z4 O* J
; B* \. ? n% @) A1 p* mRestricted Strikes
5 ?2 U- w* t* T1 B2 a 108. Detailed strike
6 o1 w. X: T: G, g' o8 _ ? 109. Bumper strike4 \% x5 m& G& v q, \! j. ]
110. Slowdown strike
) x6 I6 w* Z: e4 f 111. Working-to-rule strike# F+ Y/ {! t7 c- E2 [: w+ Z* x
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ q; Z2 e! y% s/ O6 G9 q% V 113. Strike by resignation
1 v9 R5 |! {( G3 M' F* n 114. Limited strike
0 B! d6 E4 p4 ~! M" i9 V 115. Selective strike6 y$ H/ |8 w+ R5 I# Y- y% w
' k( G1 K$ l. F! b3 S
Multi-Industry Strikes6 y6 _ B- z* a" H e* D4 I
, w1 @9 a4 Z" {3 r Y9 c 116. Generalized strike5 `7 `, w i7 i7 |
/ [' K& f) `4 X9 M' O% t. e 117. General strike
3 } O, C1 X: Q d7 k$ d8 i) ?# Y g+ Q Q" C& k- g
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; n3 I2 q3 Z& J8 f' y0 s, P
, N, T7 c) c, I
118. Hartal" U' E0 Y# Y* G v
; Y! B% t; X- p' \1 |( D! t3 B 119. Economic shutdown" G" W1 f) [1 q7 z
# z1 _ z: D/ d) }4 t0 w7 |
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' S) J$ C- ~* d( J
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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( |1 W; z0 H W; ~
Rejection of Authority7 s) q, N |; e. G; G
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 ?2 r/ l; e- V) ] 121. Refusal of public support
/ _4 V6 Z% a1 p+ ]% E 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
x3 i: m/ o7 B& i# Y- t0 Q) {/ z7 n& M1 J! w" C) {& V9 ~
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' e/ N' B# C* i" b 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% _7 V+ O. {* y3 f8 z1 e3 ] 124. Boycott of elections
' o8 l8 C, A3 b' X" E 125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ J. z8 u: a, W" o: W
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' W! y6 X& O( ?# z# l d1 o5 G* n 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 ?5 C( t$ X4 i
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) j$ {! p" X/ _( s5 M0 l+ q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# e9 Y- c8 w6 @, J A# Y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, D# {/ x8 x2 ^3 L7 { 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 P. P# H& E1 ~. N8 T4 X9 m# B 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& v- |7 v. ? e3 h, f7 P8 _) F& d& |8 J; T+ Y3 C. T
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& M/ ^* D0 Q4 Q V+ Z h 133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 ^& w7 R `( p0 |% v7 G
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 e1 R' n; a' }$ z. a6 Q7 P
135. Popular nonobedience
8 V0 g/ \! w) @7 \* n1 d/ q 136. Disguised disobedience
/ J+ W5 P" @3 B8 J! x 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' k. Y9 _+ s$ d6 s: b
138. Sitdown
' V2 ?. o; | _7 {# D K: B: ^3 I 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# q! ?" s& u9 g+ \' n
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 V2 w) j. g& @9 [0 W- a2 z4 L 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 s8 W8 @* O" I6 o( E! }0 s0 t1 h
+ s( x+ ]3 a: d! q# u1 h4 JAction by Government Personnel( Y# c. O% B5 K
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! L% x" Q- R( b. x3 F8 B0 _ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; ]+ E! @$ @: D. O6 S4 l) u6 N 144. Stalling and obstruction. d) M3 u+ [ Y; B2 [
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ Z( j* D U! ^1 ^' f, F! h6 Y& W$ a* \6 J' M2 K1 c* C7 Y
146. Judicial noncooperation2 P. c7 o' T5 [4 b
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) F# V+ G# M$ |1 {( ~ 148. Mutiny* ^& n: N7 _. k, v1 x( U, f4 x7 F
Domestic Governmental Action+ ^. L' W7 a4 b9 M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, _- p: H+ Y# T8 g 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 ~$ |- q) y/ Y( N& i
$ H8 R# J9 O- o* a. D2 R, s. NInternational Governmental Action
4 P3 F" t4 p4 m0 x0 B# P 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: Y& E W3 h& @* ? 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 N5 u! H ]7 Z! a+ u1 F$ K) Q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% A% x$ M! R e, V: v" e8 \) o 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 Q/ r& F2 l1 c, y" M: O$ a$ N 155. Withdrawal from international organizations# u g" a2 ^$ l. |3 t) |
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- D' e' }/ P: J& H5 \8 @ 157. Expulsion from international organizations X( X& n4 R/ O
6 B" P9 l+ N. B( B
9 C. i: t5 x( j" `4 @9 m( D! o/ b/ U5 d( l+ @$ @% d
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
9 k5 S! H( W, Q W- G" s: B9 A8 b: f, W/ S* }' n5 S2 y1 z
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Psychological Intervention
7 Z& S- t, h+ B# r 158. Self-exposure to the elements2 n( e4 H+ b8 y& d6 J
159. The fast
. K T* t, F& b, J: H a) Fast of moral pressure
M' h' u: }# z+ K# P: |# v b) Hunger strike
. ~4 J$ C1 V" X6 n. P- V. t6 w c) Satyagrahic fast
& @, T9 Z4 j+ q8 N% m 160. Reverse trial
: T/ `, t% O8 Q" z 161. Nonviolent harassment1 `" m( N- l9 P' m( Z. B
# Z0 P- j6 R h' W* lPhysical Intervention9 `* A$ i, z; E2 R/ \2 T
162. Sit-in2 L8 g S# T4 I4 o' {* g5 p
163. Stand-in( y, z) v; W' V! C! d
164. Ride-in0 l1 a& T" N9 p
165. Wade-in
3 L2 S2 `+ n! j5 G+ ~5 R 166. Mill-in
4 ?$ L+ G% \4 u) M3 I8 e$ O; n 167. Pray-in
" P3 Y2 D5 r- w8 O6 S/ N 168. Nonviolent raids
0 s! H c2 |( M' j: Z' D5 g( d 169. Nonviolent air raids8 ?# l5 W) a* M' r7 _. _
170. Nonviolent invasion/ ~+ {6 K" Z+ B8 c r$ D
171. Nonviolent interjection/ h+ J: w3 Z+ n6 K) a
172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 r1 d& v j. K" a, ^' c 173. Nonviolent occupation' X: f3 H0 q2 e
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Social Intervention
* g+ f4 D9 T* M4 s0 x3 e 174. Establishing new social patterns" I0 l! X( { L" P* V( T! _# v# o
175. Overloading of facilities& q1 [% f4 h1 K* Q- i& O
176. Stall-in
, e+ z4 D$ h4 U 177. Speak-in
/ H- w$ ~5 s2 W" u0 \ 178. Guerrilla theater
8 ?9 M0 K2 k5 d, v$ E2 D: C9 P 179. Alternative social institutions8 f! y# ^0 h( t- S+ |+ c
180. Alternative communication system
7 D" E1 j6 {' H/ d" w" H
, L/ b6 W* s# C# FEconomic Intervention" K) }; I2 E$ C. a `, ?
181. Reverse strike
& c3 k5 f4 d9 M! d* t# f, e 182. Stay-in strike6 p: E3 O' e. y) ?
183. Nonviolent land seizure2 {! f8 O+ _! q- K J; d
184. Defiance of blockades
/ ^0 B! n+ Y/ o# R; a 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 ]1 i, {1 O. k$ b- s* K% s
186. Preclusive purchasing, C* m6 b! C' k& _* V9 P' q
187. Seizure of assets
" W& S# I. _2 Y. Y 188. Dumping9 Y9 q/ Q+ q0 ~% G/ t2 U. q* \, L% q z
189. Selective patronage
& L* q/ n- h% q! [ 190. Alternative markets
5 x2 a4 ^+ v) X$ W; m 191. Alternative transportation systems) K7 }3 {6 o! w& W5 x
192. Alternative economic institutions
' G8 D" ^$ H3 B# Z+ C4 L0 M" c, ~6 Y2 v4 @3 Y9 m
Political Intervention
c, O1 J ?9 a 193. Overloading of administrative systems- e" W4 V: ]) g$ v% y* F
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' E# X9 E. D1 P" l' c: n2 G% ? 195. Seeking imprisonment' H- {! s; h2 o4 H2 G! _
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 }+ Q. }! p& p: e" g 197. Work-on without collaboration J' G) ?2 C: ^7 ?' Z( i; v
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# s4 [* v2 ?6 H- U$ N* z0 }
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
