 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& N1 a# y- n4 f9 P8 T: UFormal Statements+ D6 l: R! G% L5 |5 ?/ p
1. Public Speeches* y: O8 t5 K) i* ^4 {# h- u
2. Letters of opposition or support
K: T3 c' v/ x% U' s0 T3 k( u 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ v# Z( f3 F7 K
4. Signed public statements
1 \, V# ?! u6 d3 i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 C3 @! J# i# ~! h1 v( Y: j1 N 6. Group or mass petitions7 _; `# M* g1 ?% p0 j$ Z
& u6 y8 U2 N; b9 sCommunications with a Wider Audience$ O0 Q# i% N& p7 }" q0 L' |
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 \- j; D$ k. m* J$ F/ J+ } 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# S5 j" u# R- h3 a$ {
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, E: x# h; u/ Q5 N
10. Newspapers and journals
- E4 `8 c' ~' [. D2 X0 a6 M 11. Records, radio, and television1 W' h6 P2 g& q; B
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( U7 o& d- n, ^. F( Y
: m. m) U+ p& `3 J$ gGroup Representations
1 i, n' A8 p6 j3 b 13. Deputations
) O n X( H' b. p 14. Mock awards9 H/ B/ J/ |4 Q/ E0 c" C8 s3 f
15. Group lobbying1 Y& {1 F' J6 i
16. Picketing, P" u4 S. ?2 c( \" Y7 j4 [
17. Mock elections
. k7 P' Y- |: ?. j% k/ G# M) e m- J; ?' L9 ]: u: o
Symbolic Public Acts
6 Z% X$ d& b Q# O 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 A- n- j2 \1 G$ @7 t2 m1 ] 19. Wearing of symbols
, @) ~! l' S& ^" j4 k0 Q. e% z$ `$ J 20. Prayer and worship
J' f, G3 i" h! F! G# B$ p+ Y 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" x* a+ Z# j+ l4 t0 f( A# H 22. Protest disrobings
- T# x( A- c9 ^ 23. Destruction of own property
# I& o" M9 H% Q) e! L [4 a4 j 24. Symbolic lights
d0 M m7 B6 G/ C 25. Displays of portraits' s8 c+ @7 s$ o( ~5 [: v
26. Paint as protest
, c& }/ Y5 L* c- R- A0 v+ w% s 27. New signs and names
, E# C5 e9 Q+ ~/ _" W% U, \+ x 28. Symbolic sounds
5 |3 ?, [. B& q" w8 P4 H 29. Symbolic reclamations
; v* z5 m- C' j. }3 \& g, } 30. Rude gestures" {& L3 G, F5 t
4 X* j) y: C6 B% }, M( gPressures on Individuals
& ]1 ?, J/ }9 @4 X' Q 31. “Haunting” officials
2 X. J" |+ ?- I, q! k' R+ P# U 32. Taunting officials" u0 {1 K( v9 z1 f
33. Fraternization
& j/ Q0 H) T4 e; V5 S 34. Vigils
! s, r! T' P0 L, u, i7 {8 H
; G) l8 h4 i+ ]0 zDrama and Music0 {( d1 Z, }6 K2 _7 P
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( h8 |8 V3 s4 O+ D" X: H$ y 36. Performances of plays and music
* V7 @$ S- a/ V( a& d2 D, E 37. Singing- G( A( R" Q% `7 M Y, f) `
. S' ]2 [- Z6 f( W2 SProcessions) m% @& Y! N6 p% s( {
38. Marches
9 h& O/ t7 G/ b- d u8 I, w 39. Parades
! F- I7 c9 n% c4 J" ?8 Y( ~4 f6 j 40. Religious processions! j# Y7 `0 v$ a
41. Pilgrimages" p2 K. C$ H, H$ u S% O
42. Motorcades8 Z9 B' C; }. \% Y; t
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Honoring the Dead2 Q) [. l+ g4 N
43. Political mourning
t7 g" N+ y2 E, Y0 q 44. Mock funerals
) `$ ^8 A4 u+ @1 r/ q0 [' |( q: f 45. Demonstrative funerals
( t3 s( y. s- H2 M0 ?. V( ~0 ` 46. Homage at burial places
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: Z6 n/ P6 W1 l& ^5 `7 t' L, {Public Assemblies
3 b, s- M' D" p4 Y- J$ ]. P 47. Assemblies of protest or support
# r: w! T2 D" }* _ 48. Protest meetings3 f6 M: z( S( }' R; ?" Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 `; j* e4 z8 u# x! F5 T# u7 s* q. B 50. Teach-ins( a6 {6 C- A" e9 d/ y
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Withdrawal and Renunciation- W" M% d. x1 u* |/ ~
51. Walk-outs- |0 T6 \- M [! M5 C
52. Silence3 D- ^& y$ T# j. |# ~7 N
53. Renouncing honors
* G2 A% u8 s! S& I9 l 54. Turning one’s back
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/ | U" ?+ E- N6 c* o7 F S, n! ?/ G( D6 [
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' H: |7 @; E0 ^0 T5 ]0 H; g
5 p6 M, ]; a% M; Z2 g$ E
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/ o9 H; J% ~1 n, ~( Q& [" L0 rOstracism of Persons! l( c* O6 J5 y
55. Social boycott
. U& d! k( p# N1 l0 m" K) A. v 56. Selective social boycott0 J8 N2 e& \ }$ W K5 L6 A: S1 w
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 l6 `* i, T: t, v 58. Excommunication
' L! ^/ |. b% E* Q! @ 59. Interdict3 \& I9 C7 D3 P3 u# H0 T
/ J/ f3 ~# f* @ VNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" R- B- t1 p) O; w 60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 f+ N) f, c& [7 s9 Z1 q3 g
61. Boycott of social affairs: h% d: z3 d9 S; P+ m6 u6 h
62. Student strike
. z6 U3 w: {( R9 { 63. Social disobedience
; W# M. l$ h: E3 v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! y2 d0 z8 u1 l8 _
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Withdrawal from the Social System
6 |. Q- k4 s' U/ F2 M3 Y! _ 65. Stay-at-home, x9 C8 E0 O$ r/ j
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 A7 A1 a! [4 e 67. “Flight” of workers
2 D. V5 M6 m. P6 U# B 68. Sanctuary
. h2 [' Z+ M( e ]1 r8 s& |6 b 69. Collective disappearance$ I* N8 G2 W# z( A
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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5 ?1 z+ h* o2 k+ ]) W5 j z+ ~ l$ M t. ~0 P9 r* ]1 R1 @
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS |# e8 m; J+ W/ s& s
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Actions by Consumers+ A2 `9 z! T6 `* S
71. Consumers’ boycott; ^ c$ z# B8 k r4 [# v
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ l7 c+ a' O& l8 ?. U7 P 73. Policy of austerity
; G9 n* \! i! K0 G: o 74. Rent withholding1 Y6 p, N% O3 ^2 }5 }9 w
75. Refusal to rent
, r: y9 T6 _) y4 \7 w& _7 r' g4 ? 76. National consumers’ boycott7 b1 k" S, o l, T3 v6 S) J! t3 }/ k
77. International consumers’ boycott
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; r5 D" M& M0 u% H5 BAction by Workers and Producers* J, a- U* o/ K7 s1 j
78. Workmen’s boycott% i; T+ b' r" O" Y" s/ F1 ]
79. Producers’ boycott+ i2 R/ G, G+ W- Z. n& ~/ C9 c8 l
r1 _, ^: v6 X
Action by Middlemen
7 S+ C+ C0 l, z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 k1 `; J8 {6 P, s, J5 y' y% G9 ^* M+ V
Action by Owners and Management/ y" g! }, Q4 U3 e3 ^7 G
81. Traders’ boycott
8 }8 Y# G* n W0 X5 ~7 E0 Q 82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 @& `% `5 A$ w" Y4 s5 ~" F 83. Lockout
* U. z; g$ @. C" ~ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# J$ k4 x" k5 F; X' [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike” j$ L' m3 e: }9 p
5 K7 H6 d+ T. ^5 f2 n
Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 M( b% G' S4 Q$ I, ~# F* L/ ]
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# z7 Z, p/ K! x# w+ r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ a) ~+ T& ^/ n! U6 R& _
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ |0 L! E, g# |% X" J
89. Severance of funds and credit; f' Y' G H% d. O6 B8 @
90. Revenue refusal+ x. E9 | j2 s% `
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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* Q; |0 D. V! hAction by Governments" _5 S( \2 Z: L! c0 G! p: N
92. Domestic embargo
( H/ W; h9 F' M 93. Blacklisting of traders
" m% b; u# @. j+ F& P' H$ _ 94. International sellers’ embargo
" S! j" j- N1 U) v+ d% [ 95. International buyers’ embargo
q" }0 H7 v8 A/ h) M; E) B) [ 96. International trade embargo
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& I& e o y2 \( d# H" rTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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! Q* a: J* s2 Z l$ F+ DSymbolic Strikes/ u V6 `, x6 o) B
97. Protest strike
+ Z* \8 ?# {4 ~+ s; u5 P* w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 J- C$ f5 Z% ^8 F8 A
4 |# X* E8 k/ l8 M Z6 LAgricultural Strikes. Q2 h% }3 u, `# ^& x. T7 x
99. Peasant strike/ ~; j0 H/ o3 K" O/ D! b, d
100. Farm Workers’ strike' L: D4 w' C8 f
0 u4 A6 a. j$ yStrikes by Special Groups
8 t3 Y8 X* o2 k8 J" V 101. Refusal of impressed labor4 G p' U3 @ e$ u$ J4 i
102. Prisoners’ strike
* L+ c, y5 W9 C0 l" h 103. Craft strike
1 K) s& z/ @2 g% } 104. Professional strike: @4 k4 u: p2 P) q
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes& _! J& [0 Q \1 `
105. Establishment strike
5 H2 K) d/ G4 L8 K5 t) i 106. Industry strike
$ `# t0 f1 `* z" S 107. Sympathetic strike0 y/ k; V- G4 x( s: _
2 V6 h: \ h! b) V9 H" _6 W4 iRestricted Strikes& Z$ ?3 h, p( J
108. Detailed strike
H8 B8 L6 v c% p( {, {9 V6 c 109. Bumper strike* t& X. \2 \/ N- g" w6 M
110. Slowdown strike4 m+ R" z* s- J! w
111. Working-to-rule strike% b9 J0 L- B: L: Y( A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 V( B) a' v8 r/ K) C 113. Strike by resignation# [* D! g! m f
114. Limited strike
% ~4 c& L" H% B 115. Selective strike. a& K& h/ X* V! x( o
, T3 J) o# A' T' [1 t
Multi-Industry Strikes& s( D' T/ U- v# }5 @1 M- u
9 H6 {7 x* l+ ^) C2 R# o3 ^# j8 J 116. Generalized strike
! x0 Y, \" P8 r/ a' O. A, N# i
% _" d& ]$ n# A7 a1 h+ [ 117. General strike; ~0 @: T6 t) X
) t9 y- `0 {" }2 ^. J# OCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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5 J" v7 }6 s/ F1 p 118. Hartal) D- Z4 j4 B+ D
& E9 s5 U$ r5 O, @2 l 119. Economic shutdown
1 i) @5 c5 z+ i& C1 C, X
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( a* J/ d; Z: r8 j) zTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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+ U6 t9 Q) v7 L7 T+ ORejection of Authority& b. o0 E' a- j! O1 x, d( P' ]3 |4 D
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; D* P& X0 \# Y
121. Refusal of public support
6 _8 S; z% T% `4 B$ D+ H: y* k 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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3 a4 A1 F/ _8 n1 [' x6 ~% eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ U, t5 z# ]! s2 s
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 |4 z! U2 w; M$ s! u: l 124. Boycott of elections
9 y. H1 k+ y+ _$ s" l2 ^# n3 H' T3 ~6 v 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 s/ O* k' l% z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# \- ^0 S3 ~& L3 c2 {0 T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; I) c2 Q8 i) a( T1 u 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 S; j" v! b+ P' j1 C+ h 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 x: g2 M- F+ @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* F: s E( G$ d" ~; a! @ j
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 F% a# L4 p7 P5 T 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions f" t1 |: ?( }1 |# J9 t8 b2 |
2 X- t5 ?8 Y# m; N2 j6 U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ q5 W8 k& N5 Q% Q9 i 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 E1 n2 H* h5 g% A2 ]/ [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 L1 q, I9 g( r
135. Popular nonobedience
/ K+ c( m. m! \ 136. Disguised disobedience" Z0 |5 g7 F& D7 e9 }( B
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* ^2 Q$ L- W" g; f, P3 x 138. Sitdown
( X5 x2 x! U. y! i+ U/ N 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 H+ T) O% \+ q7 w0 B1 w# J 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& M- R+ V& q, k+ s 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 p. k# f+ _+ j( U+ \. }
3 j: p5 o Q' N9 ?9 ?Action by Government Personnel
7 h# L3 s* e% ], J9 d 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 q f# Q, c& o) B( ]4 _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 |! Z/ [+ ]/ Y( E- u9 n
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 s- G& M" `5 X9 w Q 145. General administrative noncooperation+ O' I6 Z1 R5 }# k
, \! m5 B! C4 h 146. Judicial noncooperation* q9 e/ s p& ]5 V
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 _; N: I( x6 ]9 v. v9 }% R3 X 148. Mutiny
) m, Y9 B0 p; A+ A1 D2 a' H) XDomestic Governmental Action0 X% g* ^" n% H3 G7 B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) V. ]9 m H; A 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; S& v5 ~" @0 e! l1 h2 @4 C1 i
1 |2 m8 F- [; j6 f& Q- h( oInternational Governmental Action$ b' X7 a0 ~3 H( ] h) A
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, E" }4 N; N, E* l; E 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ r" I9 C( F. h2 H9 Q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& n, ]2 M( t% U$ p& U# _ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
; w) m" x" l9 @, \: S 155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 v; O7 W x+ P; P r/ \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: i- d& ?3 ]! S$ f- N |: Y( w( ^1 {
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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( q- w; Q: V4 I; K% N4 ETHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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9 _- M7 N A0 m( ~& S& o+ CPsychological Intervention
* [" ]3 @1 q- ^: s C' | 158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 R9 J! {8 Z, K( g0 w9 U 159. The fast7 v6 x) V& e5 Q
a) Fast of moral pressure, e& a- W4 }% u$ I' x# k' A+ u1 F
b) Hunger strike
4 l) Z, S$ k' }: H c) Satyagrahic fast/ r/ H# Y$ n# m: x4 ?2 D% H
160. Reverse trial- v3 U+ m: Q. W2 `
161. Nonviolent harassment d( W4 o% x+ o& H0 E
+ ?- e4 `. N( g& E! [5 j
Physical Intervention
9 n- x2 ^; G, U' T- S( S8 ` 162. Sit-in
/ k* U- i" |: p 163. Stand-in
- S3 j- g) Q9 w9 H, y 164. Ride-in
% O5 S, a! y* s" }' }" { 165. Wade-in l1 Q" w0 H. Q3 c
166. Mill-in
* w. M' ]& D5 y( | 167. Pray-in
1 n; Y! U1 q5 x6 M' [6 [ ]5 n7 q- c 168. Nonviolent raids
/ B0 A# ?/ @" M3 B& K2 f 169. Nonviolent air raids
+ c( i# c& Y& s% s 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ F7 N) ~) o2 H, e& c4 ? 171. Nonviolent interjection
7 x1 B* Y' H2 a0 [4 a0 O 172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 i# ^+ b0 h! S- k 173. Nonviolent occupation
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* G d. Y' T; L& G$ U1 d3 _& T1 lSocial Intervention3 o ?3 F! }1 n9 R8 K8 {
174. Establishing new social patterns, H3 i+ o5 G: f5 ~/ e n
175. Overloading of facilities
5 z: K# w' p" j% }) O 176. Stall-in8 C( J5 L6 u6 {9 e
177. Speak-in
5 D& i. A: t3 S9 }+ G' P5 ? 178. Guerrilla theater. P1 _3 W: b: {# w( C
179. Alternative social institutions
; }) C6 b% y7 V0 x 180. Alternative communication system: ]( a. j8 O: ~* V5 T" m& N- a" o
) J# r; o- h7 j8 y! x' JEconomic Intervention" I* h' S; d- u
181. Reverse strike _7 ~& H' R! I' t, F
182. Stay-in strike5 r' B/ |) Z& T8 q* P* L0 Q, c7 [
183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 `/ M# h: F$ A 184. Defiance of blockades
( G2 B. c/ i' Z( K* o+ y* h2 d 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- s' R) X+ W+ l; i 186. Preclusive purchasing
- p* L/ C+ j/ ]% [7 v 187. Seizure of assets
B4 E' [) v9 q, O 188. Dumping
2 `: f0 f, u7 |4 b 189. Selective patronage
0 w/ H# C8 I6 _; t" [/ Y 190. Alternative markets7 `' I& K6 P( i; Q/ x; m( l
191. Alternative transportation systems0 h& u }) O+ S2 `' g
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention2 d# Z/ v$ K' A5 }* ]7 C& B
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 g% Q% N. _, E$ R; l- b
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
1 s, ~5 Z; u: p* B 195. Seeking imprisonment
: z7 H. [/ q5 I6 o, }, N; } 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' ]3 \- K- W8 H( ?! R( y. Q8 o
197. Work-on without collaboration
; Q. c1 _5 b9 |$ {' T 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
