 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ W, I' J, U6 j
Formal Statements
( W( @4 h) z1 w- O( c0 N5 r K 1. Public Speeches
0 I8 ^- F* i) ^* J 2. Letters of opposition or support5 g2 H3 W3 X7 i% T# X8 A
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* k+ W$ Q6 z/ s6 D% B1 c7 L% |8 F 4. Signed public statements2 i- `" d- N" t1 n/ y( K
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 Q( f( u* S8 b) K0 |: F5 i 6. Group or mass petitions3 [& B/ Y; j0 S( f' v- K: M" l
9 l6 L( r* ^3 f' w+ t
Communications with a Wider Audience
, }' h3 |* C3 f9 g5 C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
Z! l- D: D$ g 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, l# y/ u8 I7 [! T9 L+ d4 E$ `
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ [3 Q! j8 I n0 u$ f% \ 10. Newspapers and journals$ ^0 l& H. O9 p7 h& k5 l3 T0 y% G
11. Records, radio, and television
) }7 |" [, m; @- y2 N 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. Q+ B8 I d6 X
b" K( l- V3 | W6 v' w9 l& UGroup Representations. c% K& T, w# L7 K
13. Deputations0 ]0 d% O- ^- W! U) `, \- r
14. Mock awards
+ U' X+ c2 {# a# t 15. Group lobbying8 M/ u1 s# m9 V3 ?9 U$ G
16. Picketing
4 D* G, ]4 Z3 ?" m9 ~! O* Y( h 17. Mock elections9 v& R; m: A2 i* p( U$ T
$ s6 P% g8 A& w* F% M1 j% YSymbolic Public Acts+ ]4 m) |1 E; `8 j: I
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 e' r, D% p4 n) ]' m' l R+ S 19. Wearing of symbols j Y0 y9 i( i1 M/ H
20. Prayer and worship
8 ~+ T4 B4 k. c3 x# @4 H3 g 21. Delivering symbolic objects! _+ p. Y7 ]1 s0 |' j! F: o/ z
22. Protest disrobings4 B3 P) D# Z& O# \- h
23. Destruction of own property- I: M& H: E) R) g6 D8 M
24. Symbolic lights
9 E* `8 b4 w& J9 s' k 25. Displays of portraits
4 G H( B1 C5 O7 Z+ R7 j d 26. Paint as protest
M9 Z L, n, p, c/ b, \, } h4 d 27. New signs and names' _8 S- e! _0 J0 M2 p
28. Symbolic sounds
/ ~7 T: e+ q- x# u) u 29. Symbolic reclamations
( y( I6 B5 O' N1 X: }! H% ?% I& E 30. Rude gestures
) z5 m: Q9 ]' A' _$ { \5 N% `; S" g! S
Pressures on Individuals
& u6 U8 A3 J! z$ q0 A: \ 31. “Haunting” officials3 R: d; f2 |8 H7 X. K6 f
32. Taunting officials! H5 W) N: V. E/ F% d, p: V# y
33. Fraternization
0 \- u( F A& b# f; z. X* ] 34. Vigils
* p8 C4 Q/ W& O3 B& B) s
0 I0 p$ I0 }* s2 b$ v* u+ oDrama and Music
/ b$ b, D5 S/ f8 d8 @ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
?' P5 N R5 D9 O1 R* T% d5 B 36. Performances of plays and music
2 ~/ X4 l; i. }& L$ O( [ 37. Singing4 E2 ~7 P# X/ \
8 }( p; Y7 Y# v$ x) zProcessions, t/ \& b5 {+ t8 j2 C
38. Marches
2 n. i4 @7 a7 U9 r) f 39. Parades
0 @+ i2 {6 O7 r/ E 40. Religious processions
0 T8 N d9 T/ l 41. Pilgrimages
* @. A9 [) c8 K" G 42. Motorcades
# [5 S5 y; ~4 Y( D' v( m, {! q- B# [6 x' b: ?
Honoring the Dead
7 g) s% k7 ?+ f5 t. s2 j 43. Political mourning) g2 [5 M0 ] q8 a$ b3 w
44. Mock funerals& N; W$ _* t+ [8 c( Y: e
45. Demonstrative funerals
) M! O# n( o0 P s 46. Homage at burial places
0 o' Q, h7 y g ?: ~, t
) i7 B* ?7 ]% [. ^+ I& }0 U7 V) fPublic Assemblies
" `. ]7 _: I9 ^* i, i9 A 47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 T" t. M4 A* p! F0 S 48. Protest meetings, @1 r" l g+ h0 S4 p. J8 n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& M' l+ I9 D9 S
50. Teach-ins
+ Z7 J: C2 P" U: A2 h- N
& [% M3 t3 j: N. V8 l5 z, C# KWithdrawal and Renunciation
. n, M% A) F7 x 51. Walk-outs
+ |! ]4 D" |0 Y _6 b6 | 52. Silence+ I3 e* B4 ~0 _6 K, o7 c
53. Renouncing honors- w. H# A) n6 O9 D# L- V: R2 ]
54. Turning one’s back% w5 `2 O4 B7 A$ y) n. I
1 u/ L% ^; \8 u8 O _* Q4 P8 }4 j: f
/ A4 |, `8 k' J7 r/ A2 [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
; ~- ~9 B3 d( K) O4 B8 N& E/ j* i- q7 L ]! F/ W
6 L9 V! ~. C2 M2 b$ I7 a y! }- w2 c2 ?
Ostracism of Persons9 N) |/ ^$ }; Q; D! k/ J7 d
55. Social boycott+ s4 _" i! @* v
56. Selective social boycott: N: v3 |* L$ P( Q4 x
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ R0 G* r; H$ ^1 g# S+ m
58. Excommunication
9 c3 t) J7 I6 G3 ~0 w$ z 59. Interdict
9 b6 p, j6 j% ]. w- M$ z( C# @3 \6 F" }
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 P$ {. }2 T9 L$ M! W 60. Suspension of social and sports activities( Z& \- U, n4 U1 g1 N6 l/ Y8 t/ ^# S. ^* ?
61. Boycott of social affairs: Y! }" ~: {1 I7 L
62. Student strike
8 H5 G. C% t4 Z3 K2 j( Q( v& T; W 63. Social disobedience# d3 \9 Y3 y7 z) t6 E1 J
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. @4 }: S/ F. l) |& T' U0 o1 p5 t6 P
Withdrawal from the Social System
' B. ]# ^6 k+ }2 Z. y; z) m8 U 65. Stay-at-home
: _; U! U9 b; i# w/ g% w 66. Total personal noncooperation; Z: K) X0 C/ s: Y% k
67. “Flight” of workers
& L9 m2 t/ d4 }3 Q8 H( o 68. Sanctuary
6 \. u& ~7 ^- \ D9 j( M$ X 69. Collective disappearance
5 o& K; c6 {! V$ J0 r; j7 Q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 c" I6 f. B+ I. n+ x
( b0 g) B8 H1 B7 C9 ?& y . H" l# h/ M; |% V' Q ^; L
( c! ^( Q+ _8 i' o: ~
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: X) }8 X9 \% j
0 B9 n+ h; L5 D3 G% }! K$ w& | ' a* ^! L$ v! x
Actions by Consumers* k- y3 F3 k a ]7 z, R5 c
71. Consumers’ boycott% P0 Y6 N$ D! {
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. N' W- l; w( o5 s) d! o1 i5 }
73. Policy of austerity
5 @: N$ p) @" d; o 74. Rent withholding+ D" n X( ~2 m# U1 s" a2 ~9 ^
75. Refusal to rent
/ z7 N/ T, Z1 q" l2 L4 b3 U: ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott* q- A) h. W! G" ?
77. International consumers’ boycott
8 H3 Y; S! K, L
. U+ M& m8 B5 ~0 _& R4 S HAction by Workers and Producers& q7 U G3 w" F2 N! k K8 g
78. Workmen’s boycott( `- \5 t5 v) R6 K
79. Producers’ boycott
8 u4 z$ f+ @8 N+ {* K( R+ Y! K
. P2 d/ ]6 k- H$ eAction by Middlemen; V9 ~* M1 y; J7 k# j9 w
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 M7 k* h! f4 T, O7 y B8 Z
/ ^( k2 S7 o( ]9 `* b! m! o* VAction by Owners and Management
$ `6 _, {) {' d( m& r$ G7 Z7 | 81. Traders’ boycott! u! P T. S$ `- }! G8 t
82. Refusal to let or sell property g1 T% G! R/ M2 U g. f" _
83. Lockout$ G, R! p4 i2 j- N. `+ c
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& ^+ \, R" a$ }) D9 ^6 {' t 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 L% }- K/ D7 t8 n% g( r" R8 @, N+ u" e0 u7 S! p; t4 v
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
# ~/ g- q& v8 f4 j& H: ^: I 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& f% m7 k, w2 u* Q$ E& p
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 g }( i+ `. v. A, R6 {2 J9 R
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 P4 _4 i# q; p, e& J
89. Severance of funds and credit) ^" `; F0 S/ [5 O( _8 h
90. Revenue refusal
9 q" k$ `' F2 q# x9 r8 R, v+ c( q 91. Refusal of a government’s money
]0 z. K) X I8 ~
9 t. H' M1 _' KAction by Governments; T! w& f0 z6 K- n/ n% r8 n
92. Domestic embargo
3 o! n2 f# h; F- X1 q! P 93. Blacklisting of traders
/ S: Q$ N5 m0 P- i; A% G9 q4 i 94. International sellers’ embargo
A( [3 }4 a, _( p, T& z+ z ? 95. International buyers’ embargo" ]. }% f6 @5 Z, w) m* |
96. International trade embargo) s; \+ k/ c# J# h5 [
6 X; |$ y# W0 D
) e5 K9 i- R" T, T
. e! G6 ?& y, r$ b ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
# u1 t( x. }( q( Y8 S5 |4 J: D$ m& `# E) ]' l m
9 m8 }9 ^2 v" g9 PSymbolic Strikes; _8 s. }8 U. I
97. Protest strike8 ^0 ~% h% g6 _ ]! k- l* k2 Z1 b% T
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. f8 _5 E( w: V1 ^ O- u' s/ s9 j4 Q8 j" w! l* p3 d- a
Agricultural Strikes1 \$ S ~# E4 Y/ C7 ?
99. Peasant strike
( i+ h" r4 _! K- T$ C+ p0 ] 100. Farm Workers’ strike& o# e7 t1 n0 Y% ~0 g
3 D, ^/ l3 l- B1 x R8 f- v
Strikes by Special Groups( m2 m2 F \$ o+ B
101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 O, Q7 s1 i, S 102. Prisoners’ strike
! g7 E% U6 k4 S6 h* \ 103. Craft strike( |0 o# a, o9 J; Z0 t! w0 n
104. Professional strike
. m: c8 Q; ?( v; V6 \. ]' ?' ~
& w6 m* ^& m3 g) POrdinary Industrial Strikes& F" i. i3 T' G+ Q. `' g
105. Establishment strike
, q+ P# A5 m6 Q* S! Z6 S4 ^' E; W! X 106. Industry strike
* {/ F) V4 x& r% r8 O8 p1 u 107. Sympathetic strike
5 G. p4 y. v3 k9 t5 @1 V5 b, P+ b! u, Y: \7 x- L: E
Restricted Strikes! u! {) U; i2 x1 ^' o5 z, X2 p( {
108. Detailed strike
0 s% ]$ T+ ]( u9 _, o+ f 109. Bumper strike' G. o7 P1 _( D; I+ T( N9 u
110. Slowdown strike
2 s: `! H5 ~+ v+ l% ` 111. Working-to-rule strike
5 ]& [" {& ^6 v9 T- U 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); c' k8 f. ~% {+ U' h: A# Y$ q5 ^
113. Strike by resignation9 @; a$ y0 G5 k" m* o" t+ B6 i
114. Limited strike
9 p% }9 w R: D& n- v3 l8 F 115. Selective strike
) M( v- R$ U4 z6 F/ [ @( b1 W2 y
Multi-Industry Strikes5 H9 |) x! d3 X( T/ y- I
) F6 C+ D- u0 E/ ` 116. Generalized strike
' ?' S$ d b, _6 B6 W' I
2 k" {" ? o2 h7 [ k 117. General strike
; Q! L, ~; }0 B; H( ^/ o
8 C* n+ z" ?: i- oCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 U9 Z ?" G+ b5 c$ B: C+ l# g0 \
- Q( o- J) ~! J5 E 118. Hartal; ]( j( d5 I1 {3 s
! \1 d% J; X: y. h1 s
119. Economic shutdown) C& q) m2 Q( _$ v) w8 m3 Z+ p* x4 k% }
% _! x. R8 S$ L& Q6 U; p! t6 M
, z2 w3 ]$ t) B- P2 G- B+ C7 l
2 y3 ?5 W) z9 T' Q7 H9 GTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 p+ y1 c% D) n# R' z4 v: {1 y
/ L: d; D/ W) B* C
2 Q- G1 l g C' e8 r/ H& }" h
Rejection of Authority
0 k2 R7 z& ^+ [0 U' ~. b( ]( C: P 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# b" h3 ?5 g C' }% F) E! j 121. Refusal of public support
" L8 S" A h& u9 S 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 Z3 |- N. Q- M" j# K
& _; \& \; C7 P
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government% X$ o/ I7 r( h' k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 n# b6 Q9 @+ `( k 124. Boycott of elections
1 q" f& C% `4 B2 [. V0 H { 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! f0 C6 l' d F6 z4 S 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 Z5 N% x9 A5 G/ m0 ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( M% U# B/ d+ l3 M6 X- a* `! ? 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations* a3 [ L% p* u- ^( F+ I/ e. P' `) {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% S, T4 J# E/ P6 W6 Y/ L
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 Z3 V- i. O1 Q/ ~7 w 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) T, `/ N; R3 T* [2 U# S7 J" q; p 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* A- }* Y; I; N4 Q
' @4 u$ S2 t5 v) A% w
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( Y. ~2 `# H! M; w9 H 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( _" Q9 g5 y1 @% [& Q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, R3 ]) y% y8 p" T: {
135. Popular nonobedience
' A) E$ ?* i( x& @9 F( } 136. Disguised disobedience# h& M1 Q6 w1 i3 G
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( I+ v0 c+ l) A" s- u 138. Sitdown' P! t/ v: ~* t2 p; s
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 ^' d9 Q$ Q9 |4 h5 q 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# Q% e! I% m2 ]( r
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: J. e* x8 A6 O; O+ w' S6 J# l( u! A1 i0 O; y6 k; m
Action by Government Personnel
- R! L% F' ~- r* B5 `$ c: ]0 d/ | 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# d; z+ s0 I+ u; g
143. Blocking of lines of command and information. I! K% a: U A
144. Stalling and obstruction+ q. o$ o! y0 o; `
145. General administrative noncooperation
( c4 W6 S# y9 d' t ?( e0 l! o. z* f( ~( Q: @% Y$ \ t% Y* Q% c
146. Judicial noncooperation
0 c* _% D8 Q* B# h 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ T3 ^3 y( v: N/ ` 148. Mutiny* b8 P$ L4 B, x
Domestic Governmental Action5 P* p+ w* {. @( C# j5 b
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; A$ ]+ s/ I; Y6 [" e 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% E( q, ^* o; E/ E; o1 l
E! a. q- T2 \. R( t& J
International Governmental Action
- c. r" {5 z3 C" Q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' t+ Z( o3 Z+ m( w+ u 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. Y) k' `! ^+ B! y& A, K U
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. s0 U# u" D# U+ Q/ Z" H/ ~+ m 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' i. H/ L. G/ }, P0 i5 ~
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* e, D; G* o+ A
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% w# A+ @/ q" L4 U- v- ?( o* s
157. Expulsion from international organizations
' b+ ^/ L) S$ s1 H" T; H: M6 K, i1 {3 `( }% D0 I8 D7 D
7 _( \2 R' j, q- `: F- \' e9 ?9 l1 v
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 K, |2 N9 ]5 J z1 m8 D+ k8 o
& K5 C6 W" p8 P
5 w& ^& w T. @5 W2 |- `/ nPsychological Intervention
x. j# {2 s# i+ k! i6 K0 y- _; b 158. Self-exposure to the elements @6 a- e- y. L, t7 {! z
159. The fast
7 d2 `" W, V5 K/ a a) Fast of moral pressure
, Z+ m; @% A" C& z- }! S b) Hunger strike2 q; {. v! e9 H- P8 X/ v9 q/ M3 p
c) Satyagrahic fast" t! ]8 v; _& O
160. Reverse trial
1 t0 y- o1 Y/ M2 K5 k 161. Nonviolent harassment( I$ B$ F M$ }5 {6 m% G
6 N: ^$ k- a! |) O$ UPhysical Intervention
$ I6 ^/ S9 ?8 D" g' ~* T" c7 ] 162. Sit-in
9 B9 T1 {$ K" Z% _/ F 163. Stand-in
8 N- Z- T/ r7 \; ]# m' I 164. Ride-in4 P ~5 X; q: o) J
165. Wade-in
+ W5 Z: C) c# y! \6 R( F 166. Mill-in) q% w1 k$ p1 a, N9 t7 e6 b
167. Pray-in
V, R' W3 {$ _1 @ 168. Nonviolent raids
0 s+ e ]) T% x d 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 U. d4 Y7 h( H1 Y3 ?$ ^8 A/ | 170. Nonviolent invasion" h6 G$ s# i( Y/ Q; A' b& c
171. Nonviolent interjection/ o: b# K# j: T6 o$ h9 b \
172. Nonviolent obstruction
. ^/ @: i3 Q% N9 C: q: M 173. Nonviolent occupation: F" H: o6 T7 B3 n- _% j
8 @7 n( B6 O1 K& y1 N% ]* ?4 \Social Intervention, V* X% O5 J, Q6 }& Z# i
174. Establishing new social patterns6 N' q0 @4 Y/ Z- R$ f; i( x8 K) d( T
175. Overloading of facilities k) i" B1 d4 Y3 B& M5 F+ i+ o; M4 @
176. Stall-in; g* Z/ ^& [7 j5 z! s
177. Speak-in, F( O9 p* o* w& X0 n5 _
178. Guerrilla theater
( s4 w- Q; U X& I) e3 s `3 X& K 179. Alternative social institutions
- Y; y+ x. H% Y! B; G2 g# ~8 ? 180. Alternative communication system
4 N( b( O" A9 {) n3 Q
* ^$ S7 y3 O& W0 S( d7 y0 ZEconomic Intervention* U J7 Z1 N4 T" E' H, N( X
181. Reverse strike8 Y7 s$ o: {4 j8 R
182. Stay-in strike
# g* I& j" S! b& v! I- d" u 183. Nonviolent land seizure3 S2 u' U) _# `2 I4 B |" E t
184. Defiance of blockades
# B3 ]' j1 k3 B! D7 p 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ v( c6 c! Y9 d2 w' c
186. Preclusive purchasing/ V7 a: k) M" t; X. J
187. Seizure of assets7 Y% }. z+ W) l) T5 H! F* V: B
188. Dumping4 a& E2 S- F( o! b# x
189. Selective patronage
* k" S5 \$ n0 `" \+ x" \ 190. Alternative markets; k0 i& }: @( k/ |% R& Q
191. Alternative transportation systems$ V$ N% b$ H2 E: J5 Z% D6 J
192. Alternative economic institutions2 ?+ ?% E4 j3 Q
: D' c( j1 b/ G
Political Intervention
" h7 E. I9 z! x7 |0 Z0 w$ X% l2 M 193. Overloading of administrative systems. @7 q2 Z7 b* f6 G, \8 w
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 Q4 c! `* r. V& H) W) W 195. Seeking imprisonment
+ N5 ^9 a) @% P/ z3 ? C 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. l, e( \3 c3 |& v 197. Work-on without collaboration7 x& x0 ]0 G+ s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
' P. x( R1 A; g* F) n8 E
- \0 h% ]/ K$ v6 ?5 k* C: N: p |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
