 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 T% f* d [% d. t) v* F" E* JFormal Statements! X8 [/ L6 W& \/ q
1. Public Speeches
; F- y$ Y- I/ N& I$ v 2. Letters of opposition or support. v4 I V+ }' I! L- ~( L* A
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 I4 t' D8 v5 Y6 P& S8 B
4. Signed public statements
& W' s3 @3 P+ J5 a) k1 X/ j 5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 e4 f. y0 o0 Z
6. Group or mass petitions/ D6 ~+ @6 [- T
( U g4 U" Q: B5 A; O) Q3 L
Communications with a Wider Audience
" y! r4 {4 D$ W 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' ^& K. x N) i K( ~3 u" n
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ a0 ^) d( l8 S0 `& w" p
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 o ^. V/ m I$ [+ b# w 10. Newspapers and journals
0 m A& u* }8 p" r0 E# H4 E" ` 11. Records, radio, and television& @1 e' {! Q# F6 `6 F7 u
12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 m' V( M& m' {8 W4 q( p
: r9 z6 y) M3 X: a8 c
Group Representations
' d1 z3 M4 R& a# ?0 f 13. Deputations
, }4 ?: Q1 O+ r 14. Mock awards( N! [# ~- G" G1 |6 p
15. Group lobbying
5 y' g; P' J, c4 K& g% e 16. Picketing9 o; ~( u3 U9 C& u" k) A1 D
17. Mock elections
. n4 A7 o3 ?/ T) B: L; o3 ?% h7 Z
/ F) a; @2 _# ?" ?Symbolic Public Acts
" q" k! ^( X" y7 }; v4 ?% a 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 z# k. g/ w3 [
19. Wearing of symbols
! H3 A Q. N$ Q 20. Prayer and worship# m1 ?' [) P/ k! _
21. Delivering symbolic objects
* k5 E- o- B) i) Q6 z9 H 22. Protest disrobings
: r7 @& O0 E( h1 ~- n3 i: P 23. Destruction of own property
4 r U; t% y+ x+ U/ ?1 p 24. Symbolic lights+ w. K* { L' |
25. Displays of portraits
+ s: t" ~/ K/ {* q5 _" l- `/ t 26. Paint as protest
' K& \2 `7 k) o 27. New signs and names
" Q- n" f" f9 a 28. Symbolic sounds
" P2 I% X1 W: Y' M, P& n& E6 ] 29. Symbolic reclamations
% N0 R& g" F4 [, H 30. Rude gestures' u; M* p0 w0 c( c$ ?( Y# s; T& |
& K4 G9 \( B3 n6 SPressures on Individuals: f3 s$ ~% L: A: f, w
31. “Haunting” officials( q- ]$ _* P$ n) Q
32. Taunting officials6 h5 a" D) ~6 C- b& k. e% x
33. Fraternization$ M! h/ J* {" E3 Y% {3 g# U3 M5 L, U
34. Vigils
7 T" n% i: z- I1 t1 Z( S( @# T% O8 `$ k( X( r4 C3 {3 d
Drama and Music: s2 V3 B2 h' Y. M: ?% P
35. Humorous skits and pranks8 w0 b/ ]4 O* `9 k7 a
36. Performances of plays and music
/ v+ ?7 q2 c" | 37. Singing+ r; h4 U: w1 Z$ r) k
8 a- ]; W+ v& [Processions) _* M+ ]) y! T
38. Marches
) F/ } L% v) ~- P0 b 39. Parades
( O: _" |8 {- A% |( Z 40. Religious processions
5 p d1 Z8 ~7 k4 v, a- \ 41. Pilgrimages) O& _& \' p6 w! Y! C
42. Motorcades2 b4 N& i% |+ E# ]
4 V6 m4 q A. V3 s. |6 n1 M
Honoring the Dead5 Y$ ^2 ]# G& \. D
43. Political mourning) @; k' O, ~/ d* y, z* `' J3 h1 }* q
44. Mock funerals# G" b4 f* X+ a2 t) I
45. Demonstrative funerals
- K+ `& z2 o$ e b4 ? 46. Homage at burial places
. K2 l5 Y. [0 E5 ~2 w& z, d4 `$ T
- o8 a- F& n- ~/ {1 j4 xPublic Assemblies' d8 c8 @5 n$ g' x( O
47. Assemblies of protest or support( c% T. K8 o' ^$ @
48. Protest meetings
- g' R0 V: O9 o; u 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! G5 v: t0 q) x I& N# k( m
50. Teach-ins
0 M4 o% Z% T7 v4 F' I
1 ]$ v' q& N$ S2 U( S1 T8 wWithdrawal and Renunciation! A+ m( e( ~; z9 c" K0 k6 C2 o
51. Walk-outs, ?/ c t+ u8 L; P
52. Silence
5 ]- P" b5 f- v C2 U; { 53. Renouncing honors
; R! K2 h) a# V- n 54. Turning one’s back
% K3 e' l$ V7 i+ L
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6 S% ]2 x8 I+ J. G; r
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! K0 N6 y& N8 `& R) ]" m
4 {3 ?2 R$ ^( e- `
. r; E+ D% l0 ]9 B; }) V1 u! b9 H+ f$ p7 e/ b
Ostracism of Persons" m+ w( j! F C$ J7 M# K( [
55. Social boycott: M& W# U$ y0 d l0 E! s# ]" R- u! `
56. Selective social boycott0 [& A/ V- J- y t+ z2 Y9 Q( J
57. Lysistratic nonaction0 _, `; X, B) U7 V* x* O
58. Excommunication
# X0 W: y m+ M! g: a3 ^ 59. Interdict
+ _- f8 x0 t( j
9 n2 z3 J: e. p* k% ^3 Q& YNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) l* x) I5 p1 b* K 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. \! l Y# w7 y% i* V' q 61. Boycott of social affairs2 S: M" V) A) m
62. Student strike
7 V5 ~' _% x$ K, r8 q# i6 d) q7 S 63. Social disobedience* z+ E$ m! V3 U
64. Withdrawal from social institutions" s4 K; l4 v9 Q0 c
* r6 m: M' T" v) \; }Withdrawal from the Social System
6 a0 \6 H. c4 i$ E! o 65. Stay-at-home
% l5 y- l) a( e% E; E7 Y* H 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 c- U. x" t0 M 67. “Flight” of workers8 c' {5 i8 A# u. j) y% j
68. Sanctuary
5 y. j( o1 C' c9 U& d+ T" F 69. Collective disappearance
' k# A$ Q8 _7 M H/ w 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 l- F1 h2 p" p* k0 c+ A
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 m4 ]. c, C+ O; _3 N3 z
% f k: k1 Y( }8 A8 p- M) \ ! [$ f; U0 ?# B: ~! C7 @
Actions by Consumers
/ Y, g0 V6 @2 X3 P 71. Consumers’ boycott
/ Z% }0 h2 P b' S) v; d8 r 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 ]! U6 @4 z0 p& |& ?
73. Policy of austerity
% `1 C$ d, r' x) y3 A 74. Rent withholding! w9 U6 M8 L7 j- R9 p+ _ L
75. Refusal to rent2 f; T# q5 E. z, J1 B
76. National consumers’ boycott
) ]- C0 G ?2 W1 a 77. International consumers’ boycott3 a+ a1 m9 z8 c* V, i) s- \
3 Z. J' _9 Y# a
Action by Workers and Producers/ S9 q* G9 v$ ?' S
78. Workmen’s boycott5 C5 Q! P5 r6 _9 [' C$ w
79. Producers’ boycott
& u% ^, p7 O/ x5 m2 u) c! E' E, H8 y& c: k
Action by Middlemen* V3 ?! i9 d( n. I5 J$ U
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& j% ^5 z% S0 K5 H. y! l" u# X& t, d, F& e* A
Action by Owners and Management
# T0 v5 S9 L) l7 u% A9 A3 _ 81. Traders’ boycott: v8 U" G" p4 T' ?& B
82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 x" x% W/ U0 N0 E; t) i! I7 w 83. Lockout
% H. x7 p/ ~8 W0 h' { 84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 J' J& u u5 N! x1 s
85. Merchants’ “general strike”; _; v, D0 D' h
) i* `. H% z; [" F0 K/ V( ^% {Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( l- X: q5 v$ A 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. X8 A" O- t. @, J8 H. Y( r6 C
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ K0 q9 P O$ w3 r' D2 b/ p" _& v3 D
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ g# n' I( T( k) k5 \* n 89. Severance of funds and credit$ e7 Y7 [$ G: E: p. t
90. Revenue refusal
" I6 m. k S. x" S( v/ H 91. Refusal of a government’s money0 ?3 ^$ p* |. ]$ A& d
; p0 u5 z; m% r, Q
Action by Governments
$ z7 t3 O4 s) t1 L! y9 a0 u4 _ 92. Domestic embargo" w j& u% I2 h
93. Blacklisting of traders
$ e( G; u3 E8 X( z9 d 94. International sellers’ embargo
9 _1 i# v! g: E3 b: u! _& L' ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo
' b# j6 s, S- m4 Z# o; C3 V* E 96. International trade embargo& v" ~0 O8 A" Q, U/ ?2 ?; i
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! w- }; J, |1 s' \ f/ xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% g9 x7 ^2 y# ~/ k8 G- F
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Symbolic Strikes
& ]2 \( m2 V' h' u4 y6 {( n; { 97. Protest strike
( U5 k4 L" N* I) C 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 f2 m& e0 v/ F6 W
; K2 w. E7 \% F; f# M6 M! DAgricultural Strikes% X, ?4 O7 S- Q! P9 w) F5 p+ y
99. Peasant strike
: a/ m9 d: L0 K4 ~5 v9 V 100. Farm Workers’ strike2 K$ A) |$ a& F0 U/ R6 |! A' x0 A
0 o2 X8 ]) q8 C' p$ b
Strikes by Special Groups. M& H2 p" {4 p
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 x: ^( X4 V7 ~+ g, Z& E+ a 102. Prisoners’ strike
' L5 q3 Y J: N# c, P: ~ 103. Craft strike! }! O U; N' e$ z4 c2 h
104. Professional strike
& n2 u2 i) U, G, P, d
, A8 N7 v+ Z4 eOrdinary Industrial Strikes; h7 s P, @8 Y
105. Establishment strike
5 y2 n1 \/ L W 106. Industry strike* P( A2 }' a. q# ` h
107. Sympathetic strike
$ \% ?* L; S6 W4 g* K( z% F7 Z; N* W5 g1 s
Restricted Strikes8 e. s: M8 z8 n' [/ u
108. Detailed strike3 L; p8 A1 F1 w4 q" A; L
109. Bumper strike9 u3 \" L) C; h, F/ c
110. Slowdown strike3 Y: W" n' a) `
111. Working-to-rule strike0 H, e; C2 w' l1 ]- }
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); F6 A# P0 r! p s$ p& _, e
113. Strike by resignation0 V0 T* z) z2 j* E
114. Limited strike X% ~2 ^ h4 p# G5 U) S
115. Selective strike7 B; c+ h" Q0 I
( y L% c+ L) d- @. _
Multi-Industry Strikes% }) y7 Z5 O( B; r" Y
, J4 K' B1 F) B9 D 116. Generalized strike' |9 h& {7 Q& U3 D, E
8 j& T; b9 h, l2 N' P R6 b j4 U0 N" z 117. General strike
7 ]9 ?* r" g! j% e/ u- L( G+ Z- Y2 i6 i: [! e" |9 V% i1 I
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. ^( V0 S# \. r q7 Y( A9 y/ K8 l/ _, Q6 L; r& C9 M
118. Hartal0 C4 G! l5 N, Z8 a
3 K' F2 Q; k6 e 119. Economic shutdown
6 Q; D' K8 N+ t6 \1 {9 x. a5 K" G5 c& E4 `
( I" w% U7 S. f5 \% @
O) J0 }8 C5 c, b" `THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 {7 j% I2 H E8 o
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Rejection of Authority6 O& T# H+ O. M& D3 U. z. d
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 F; a) e9 w/ C* y D) @ 121. Refusal of public support, q# R4 ?/ D# ~/ g g
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 h/ K1 Z4 G" B7 I, @4 j3 c
- d% F' ~( I: h1 u$ O9 V! k% W! z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 l2 H6 J4 w& u# H3 Y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
q1 |& C- ^2 B9 {) w 124. Boycott of elections$ j( o. n" v3 y& P$ b6 j
125. Boycott of government employment and positions) r4 t, Y3 O" z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 C% Z' D: E+ e' e1 A4 _* y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% @! |4 @4 y0 ^$ I" D0 n- m. n
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. `( O) G+ [- h! j 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 u% c b8 M5 T% X! l8 b& C4 D
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& y" p: }8 I& _0 z2 ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 l2 X% n3 C9 g- ~2 @ G
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' ?, ^ ` G1 Y. J5 x0 ~
0 z( n* R; j, u3 u
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
U7 Z0 R/ b& b g' t 133. Reluctant and slow compliance, x9 U2 A9 E. M, I- t0 D j: f5 u
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 i/ O9 R1 E2 ], t% S: T! ^. I 135. Popular nonobedience0 A: j ]/ O- A# r' D
136. Disguised disobedience
) [ C- d- T+ z6 R" V 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 b: S) l4 W4 f4 m, r 138. Sitdown
) v5 Z, ?3 G/ h( @% b. i 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" Y* Y8 E- j! g* `/ }; d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 L# m* c- ` a* l' ]
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 p! l6 n: K5 B) g, p" t
% J: J/ b+ ]- x6 P
Action by Government Personnel
0 d% ]0 Q' x z7 ^; I/ W9 e 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, `5 Q5 |+ m( u, A( G
143. Blocking of lines of command and information: Q* N9 f" P% b, D! p! W; R
144. Stalling and obstruction" U- d. H% \. e7 o1 ~
145. General administrative noncooperation/ u" t; b7 {3 N( ~$ r$ x* q
+ ?" \5 l: X$ v
146. Judicial noncooperation& ^! O# T; w O) `" p# i, y+ O
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ n' Z1 c" K+ a8 y, {5 F7 @ 148. Mutiny* c# E8 z1 [/ \
Domestic Governmental Action
! y& u0 N. f: ^: I- I, Z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ ]1 h0 O, X1 T& y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 X0 h$ g% W/ J# z" m5 I
' \. V' t- U8 ?3 c- r% H4 AInternational Governmental Action7 B p, p' a5 q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 O; c* v7 L i/ u% X
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) b8 Q4 k; s) ?/ v1 l3 K
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 t) \8 n. V8 p
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 s2 q9 w. I' \: e y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations q/ L+ n/ U0 `0 c. I* z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' w: W1 A y7 c- w* g6 |
157. Expulsion from international organizations
: X; a# S6 E d7 j' d, K; A3 s
% `: J; A& P1 j4 r% Q; p; Q
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
( _6 s2 i5 l# k( p& S. t/ X' m! ~6 j
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Psychological Intervention
' K7 [6 G- Z) V. A' h6 N) l 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ ^. o) e% u/ P& |
159. The fast9 B0 Z0 Z! V0 ^! \
a) Fast of moral pressure
1 [$ F% W% b1 q6 m- v b) Hunger strike
. ?- @4 k4 i6 x; w2 { r c) Satyagrahic fast, o2 h6 }% \" _8 t, T p
160. Reverse trial* q: F6 }; ]& a: e& y$ W0 j" [
161. Nonviolent harassment
3 N+ E6 B& S9 K0 I3 D S' S! ?: b; u2 T7 @
Physical Intervention
' z2 e" [' C' j7 B* [/ C& r 162. Sit-in1 Z, }3 n7 R: d* K
163. Stand-in
& `5 t; {% ]# n( i, R# @0 Q. S 164. Ride-in+ D7 k' ]8 l9 L+ o
165. Wade-in/ v6 a. r: u9 n0 b; ]1 G% m: `! a& s7 n
166. Mill-in
2 S# a- y2 H. O' m% m0 D 167. Pray-in5 R0 X4 L' _& F1 ]4 B( x. e7 S
168. Nonviolent raids
! g+ H+ x7 R* F8 {( u2 m: b/ G6 @7 Y! ~ 169. Nonviolent air raids
: ^( |$ I3 n2 o( \: r 170. Nonviolent invasion
( @; J+ R$ n$ | H- m8 N 171. Nonviolent interjection
. _3 x8 N- |- q8 v7 o" o6 D3 E 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ E. {( F" D7 z# v1 w. x9 x
173. Nonviolent occupation
2 `$ d4 ]$ K" w' i
$ O: `5 W3 t) B% S5 b. oSocial Intervention( e8 H2 d) E' z( R; L
174. Establishing new social patterns
7 G: W( m) g( |; ?- x* o) a0 k% L! Q 175. Overloading of facilities/ Q* m W$ Q3 H) R5 J
176. Stall-in- {5 [8 \5 _' L
177. Speak-in( }1 D. N9 N; [
178. Guerrilla theater
; z$ ?5 V7 Y6 z1 D- b1 u 179. Alternative social institutions0 H6 Q! a+ V% t* G" C, ~8 w) g
180. Alternative communication system% H8 P* A" p0 C; J& U( e( u
+ r# w- b- @* R9 A. A* V0 b: S1 W
Economic Intervention5 T' F( n. B0 T+ \
181. Reverse strike
; q$ h6 e0 D, H1 T; W 182. Stay-in strike
: z7 z+ {* ^! k 183. Nonviolent land seizure- j3 a/ W# j' s" V0 z& I% H
184. Defiance of blockades
0 O1 \3 m& H* g8 Q" R% c! ^ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) w1 H" L- Z0 V1 `$ c 186. Preclusive purchasing$ I0 v. K; n) S- F: N
187. Seizure of assets
# I- h4 c4 w. C7 O' a5 T 188. Dumping; q e9 S2 ~" v5 J+ @7 V
189. Selective patronage
; r& J; [. i4 K& a1 k9 T0 C. K; z 190. Alternative markets
! Y. C* R& q4 l$ u6 V+ J/ N 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 O3 R. A, H7 i% M 192. Alternative economic institutions* E0 {$ R' P" J8 n$ e
& v' C+ q5 ?/ _! cPolitical Intervention
" c; [8 I5 t5 T! [ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ X3 b+ H. r& M7 a* e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
# p& ]# r, h v# K 195. Seeking imprisonment
h3 @( N6 B; a5 l! U 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* M9 H& @6 I) Y! |/ M1 Q
197. Work-on without collaboration
/ U% p: v v. u4 k7 Q" s3 T 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 \2 k, |0 l7 _0 `5 _: ^
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
