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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION p6 R/ W/ w; @/ o
Formal Statements4 i z9 t+ Y0 H8 ~
1. Public Speeches" |' Q/ O/ }# c0 ?( s
2. Letters of opposition or support& Y9 }; N+ b0 t( b* s
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% Q6 _. x6 B2 `) m5 j
4. Signed public statements
: ~+ ^2 c. v9 r5 P/ q1 a 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! q- o1 Z! |8 \5 }. M 6. Group or mass petitions
1 _3 R4 T7 ?5 `5 c- @
; K4 F% `$ M+ l3 `+ OCommunications with a Wider Audience& B& l' X$ W: b- N' C
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. W2 ~+ G+ S; t' s I% m
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
- [9 Q, D6 ~" S( i8 j# j 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! B# l3 S W9 N$ u, z8 \ F- \" F 10. Newspapers and journals9 ?6 L, v2 s0 ?: h
11. Records, radio, and television
6 I/ K7 J/ z+ i- R 12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ ~* z1 }% W0 ?
3 o; l* j z! _Group Representations; H: J4 \" u" U8 x7 }% V
13. Deputations& _) Y3 D! q; ]9 O+ g% w. \
14. Mock awards% |, b! E: d# d+ C/ M7 ~) C
15. Group lobbying
+ \9 }, o) p9 J: M' A1 I. U1 P' s 16. Picketing
3 N: I- u2 @. l 17. Mock elections# R# o V/ ?$ U* c. ]1 v: ?
( l& m* f' n8 l( Y% B; ~7 T
Symbolic Public Acts
& r/ S/ M' e% a* y0 T 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 q% T$ p, j% l' d; f
19. Wearing of symbols) j' G4 N, O3 o$ N8 C" b
20. Prayer and worship2 M, E2 J2 d( j
21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 p1 H4 e3 R$ n- N" y 22. Protest disrobings
4 M2 p7 ~. Q. e5 ? 23. Destruction of own property
9 t5 o1 k3 B# A9 C8 S6 R4 y0 p/ I 24. Symbolic lights& M* | X7 L: i f0 B& g
25. Displays of portraits5 ]6 {: h, k; a4 D; k* o- c4 [
26. Paint as protest) N9 J9 r& i/ M" G9 D1 b
27. New signs and names8 K' x; P" c, k# h! w$ Q8 A
28. Symbolic sounds q- M6 a0 y" R+ a4 Y; k; ~
29. Symbolic reclamations; ^7 V" I) z8 t. I
30. Rude gestures
* b7 M% d2 ^5 I" w$ v- o. F7 z7 r% E& Y. t4 T
Pressures on Individuals
! ?0 F/ K5 o+ q% N 31. “Haunting” officials
* D8 o N0 h9 B9 ~ 32. Taunting officials u6 A! C7 w8 w) u& _; m; v' @2 L
33. Fraternization
. u+ F. r* _1 \: @% P 34. Vigils" e, W; R) M. T: n4 I7 h9 h4 k
$ ^- g8 m: S/ d9 MDrama and Music
, Z" [! V; }, r1 v2 ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 K1 F6 @+ r% g$ _8 H4 M1 B) | 36. Performances of plays and music
5 m3 j; {/ k; `, K2 F x. a 37. Singing D5 E" `0 C* o
. _4 r" B+ Q+ c( h
Processions
. @8 c- N- V [& T 38. Marches# G6 x% g3 n- Z
39. Parades, S# Z+ M( G9 {( X$ g& X
40. Religious processions- t: U* C6 O7 [7 G% g& Y2 d+ o0 _
41. Pilgrimages* |7 T% O# }+ {+ z6 R4 G4 z' T
42. Motorcades) A! d+ _" c' s
% ?+ o5 d- z) w+ @$ a/ x& uHonoring the Dead
2 }9 E: I$ I' m, A6 ~- \. b) a 43. Political mourning: _6 W5 Y* ^ \6 O$ T: m, ]: @& E
44. Mock funerals
. I% Y" }. v$ u. W# c; Y6 e2 M 45. Demonstrative funerals4 l* O: J6 R3 K& H D+ a5 K j& w
46. Homage at burial places
; D! R S' Y, P( W' M( Z
( `" f1 M) F7 n& L( U. q& \Public Assemblies
" x% l; M$ |: i9 v 47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ F8 B: m) x5 ] t: T; l. r 48. Protest meetings$ A8 R9 u9 L5 b% F0 d5 J1 c2 g( i
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 n2 k8 [$ I0 Z8 w 50. Teach-ins0 k& n6 ~. ^8 D0 k) f% z
- p4 r) ?& H- F1 ?# r) {
Withdrawal and Renunciation
- C/ h# f7 v) k# C5 O 51. Walk-outs4 ~1 ` q* x8 R
52. Silence9 i% O/ { {' }8 t; @
53. Renouncing honors
$ o1 o! k3 {+ J e$ ?: n8 A 54. Turning one’s back
8 Z3 W+ Y$ D- ]( G& m; T3 A' e* \! c2 }8 k, m/ F$ U1 I
- V2 j" l- n: `- |' d/ B q* O' H7 E: F9 [5 Z. {$ h5 j
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ l# `7 s/ _% x' E4 g3 }6 a' g4 k. B$ X& l% E! u
3 h& g) c( x9 o" i3 b" {! t# Z6 y
$ o( W$ H1 {% r5 KOstracism of Persons
1 u( o. F% }. n a4 \% C* l 55. Social boycott
; ]. c0 F8 H5 ?4 [; m {& f/ s$ v 56. Selective social boycott
9 V2 O3 A0 E: n' r 57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ E# [5 A2 p$ v' X/ t% J& u1 c! x 58. Excommunication
0 k) [4 u8 P7 X( S; J! a 59. Interdict! V$ @ q2 y* h$ p9 E" |7 ~+ l8 }
" r/ I& k \; W5 e9 P4 `" N: j
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
7 ], [" d* D8 Z3 b& ? 60. Suspension of social and sports activities) s/ ^. Q& H8 p! X1 e( n- D
61. Boycott of social affairs ^3 c+ ?, [+ w+ |
62. Student strike% k9 K- a. l9 z' J1 p0 B! }
63. Social disobedience3 I& ]% M+ |5 c" T
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# J2 d. q/ h( v$ r# { s5 T, ^9 D
, ^) s4 _% o; T$ j" S1 N" }Withdrawal from the Social System( a+ D* U% j2 I: a6 P; Q s4 Q' V
65. Stay-at-home
; f6 n: E5 n0 q7 @+ u# @* L. ] 66. Total personal noncooperation8 e1 S1 h8 T/ D0 s
67. “Flight” of workers
1 ]! H" B8 f: n- J' Q 68. Sanctuary$ } |( h3 C- @% c) J8 f0 q
69. Collective disappearance% D3 f/ X, k5 w" I
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% o8 |, t% n0 f! c, s' O e, Y! d; _, I, n1 J5 x
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, y; h9 G3 B2 wTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ l$ T- l+ T) m
8 `" c* B4 w ~2 V5 ]
& _1 T& U! y( @6 P, f# ^Actions by Consumers8 u. c; k% Q; Z8 \3 h
71. Consumers’ boycott
' h( X: X. o2 w" Y! D- x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 }: `; p7 `( L4 _
73. Policy of austerity, {: ~* B3 S, ^. h
74. Rent withholding
# E( T$ f/ Y) I2 L* D 75. Refusal to rent
% K( J/ K' @0 g4 }' t1 x: S: g 76. National consumers’ boycott
L$ l- j* {9 G& ?" z& M# i7 C 77. International consumers’ boycott9 ` P- N2 S, E% z
- l! @' C& @0 d' `3 o9 i+ d9 w1 DAction by Workers and Producers$ G4 p* P; E2 M0 U
78. Workmen’s boycott' L& V k7 U* V6 W
79. Producers’ boycott
' @$ C- }1 [/ K9 A. }2 t5 T( \' N, {% ^# I6 D8 L2 [# `8 [
Action by Middlemen* N( f4 M! L" ]0 A. N i/ w! S
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 Q& D ^/ Y* M0 V0 I1 w
4 T( X. t; E( o' f$ c% j. D# v5 xAction by Owners and Management
8 z4 n5 p5 i- |# _6 c9 E 81. Traders’ boycott2 e' x8 E2 f0 D1 x# A5 b
82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 O$ y9 f& U4 Q; I8 K7 q 83. Lockout0 e) K7 z" @4 J& U" t
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ m+ Y7 R T% U
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# t; h7 F9 `" J% l# ], u! O6 ]2 i1 o, q" ^! L
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; l7 ]( Z3 [; ~0 F# C! \ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& S# F4 P/ o) o1 t: ^8 g
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. \7 O( L. j9 \0 w7 f x; ? H
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 V: ^0 G: a9 V. M8 y7 [
89. Severance of funds and credit
0 ?2 |$ N3 A$ [5 M 90. Revenue refusal
: {3 T- s& {; ~7 `2 b0 ]% |5 D# n 91. Refusal of a government’s money
) W, G2 L) ?' R1 c$ y7 n2 p( f( K9 S% y/ J) u8 i; I n
Action by Governments
. f6 Y/ [* ~7 ^) O& F 92. Domestic embargo
: ~' p( `& b+ @5 ?% h) r+ h! F 93. Blacklisting of traders
! [! q2 h# Q* h" { 94. International sellers’ embargo5 o9 f) ~" y8 Q
95. International buyers’ embargo
4 V; f$ R* f1 p8 s 96. International trade embargo Z' g3 x; e# D+ b, J& G
1 E) |: Y, |+ W5 \' I9 y; Z
: v( {& q( R) r h
* F* N L' G4 B C6 _. J
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. J1 Y. e% u1 ^1 p- n+ C
0 P! B( a8 F! z " S& D1 @" a+ ~" B
Symbolic Strikes( _" ~5 e; |& O, b
97. Protest strike
: D2 E7 G9 p* O4 k0 ? 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 f0 G2 C8 i; ]8 s
y" i- w C' P! _7 e1 H4 R4 _Agricultural Strikes4 z3 k) `5 v" U+ ]- Y# T
99. Peasant strike
/ l6 V8 I4 m" [" c" ~: h0 j1 v 100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 |' l; k* a2 t. @8 S: v9 e5 v* |3 Y, b7 F
Strikes by Special Groups M: s# Q3 Y" }. `
101. Refusal of impressed labor
' d9 ] ~6 t! ^. P 102. Prisoners’ strike( `; N) m0 v z$ x0 n6 F# Z P
103. Craft strike' s: \& F" L) i P
104. Professional strike
. a d; ?' [7 ~7 ]" C" O- P J$ R% v1 j' Q" C
Ordinary Industrial Strikes: [1 X( [! H) _5 y& M) q
105. Establishment strike4 E0 Y& ]) k3 c, }: x1 a4 k* Y
106. Industry strike
6 u' `+ | D! i% {9 R 107. Sympathetic strike
5 E$ ~7 N7 \5 l. }
9 v# V+ c4 @/ A6 }- FRestricted Strikes
: r% Z8 I! k* E1 o9 e- | 108. Detailed strike
) d2 P2 n& X7 y 109. Bumper strike% ], f$ ?/ C+ H s0 V
110. Slowdown strike
6 Q" f P" f( ~1 @ 111. Working-to-rule strike
& t( v# q9 h, N/ ]) T; i 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 ^9 Q \9 t2 [, X
113. Strike by resignation: ?2 Q' B2 b3 s
114. Limited strike
$ B$ O6 z9 b7 t: I7 ?- I2 `1 N 115. Selective strike2 o" K; h$ O+ \3 _. B2 G9 D9 B
; a2 ]. y& S$ P7 e. NMulti-Industry Strikes! t9 z# l+ S. Y2 f q- f' G5 b. s g
! P9 g+ v: g6 r; ] 116. Generalized strike% i/ L+ M0 g% L8 F6 N" L
1 B: Y4 R, d. P3 H6 m 117. General strike5 E2 N7 Y, R2 d; D+ U; S7 |
! M- G- \# ^( z; X( O
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 P8 Y4 l- p8 M8 o
4 `$ n7 s, h9 ?( k5 p+ j" w& w 118. Hartal; i9 U! }0 H" Y, j$ f- l
, \& P% M% i: g+ u1 j" S
119. Economic shutdown
" c. ]9 Q: M$ Q3 a) p) g
& ?0 |5 E& Q' R2 ~7 ? 8 }4 R# i/ C+ w) K+ [
l& f1 O: Z" F2 Z! T0 o5 S" ~
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 k. ~, L" F/ {, k6 V' Q! Y ], @0 Q* H* D3 r" \
# @! `. I5 J2 i' }Rejection of Authority2 k% B4 G( ?. T6 z9 N/ l
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' x2 @2 _$ Q+ c. Y6 n* D 121. Refusal of public support4 M9 ~+ O3 R% v( X; y7 Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 n, \; p7 F0 ^# K$ ?
$ p( E4 E1 Z+ R' g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 a! v/ k2 o$ R$ J( R. e 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 u6 y6 n( @7 u7 `) `6 ^' K 124. Boycott of elections8 ~' n- a: I$ ]: F* D$ I4 a0 \
125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 i8 L8 O5 f' ^9 }0 [2 |
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% J5 `, g3 G) W3 Y7 R$ g0 o 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: p0 n+ K$ o) z( G8 B/ F
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 U# U m/ d3 i6 I( C+ t* D: n$ v
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# ]& Y& r1 @( g e9 i: j
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* v3 z( T o% C+ }8 I. P& H
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 P, k- u" K( U- v6 }
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) V& \& c0 j& ]1 g4 a! J2 z- t3 U) _( N0 c# I' `* n
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience. R" f# o; ^ e: R, I3 N
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( [7 l. \ G+ T% W( w& T! h; W 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 i$ I3 i! i7 p
135. Popular nonobedience1 T5 }) I5 p5 d& \- S
136. Disguised disobedience$ ]0 j( d) T H4 S7 z: o% [* i. J$ |8 [
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- B8 d* U7 g) o7 @- I7 r3 k; F 138. Sitdown
( V. h/ K0 o! \$ p8 X) M 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" l# v1 i2 ]' L& h C
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) i# m) u6 {8 c7 E5 k 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 ]) }* X& a5 W; d% e7 |* v" N
' z) R0 n1 q uAction by Government Personnel% }$ }9 v& g# J$ Q3 f
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 n7 V g" V8 r8 M% E/ q0 C
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( E( Z' @) b1 f. v, t8 O0 q# |& F
144. Stalling and obstruction7 q9 U8 J; p3 j7 x) k: s
145. General administrative noncooperation! Y9 O0 |+ M# `8 K, G. w' b
" e! D$ Z' W3 _# I! q 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ V3 O R0 H9 W. W1 F& Q$ C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 K3 V8 A9 ~9 F; v
148. Mutiny
- Q3 ?. t* b: ]6 ]/ }3 NDomestic Governmental Action6 R& d8 R# F% b7 ~
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) M: x" N6 ~' D& O5 A9 Q6 z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: [2 @6 l! `+ D" w5 ~0 o, S. H
, K- C/ R) c- c# VInternational Governmental Action+ ]4 i* ?; }* D3 U* o; P- m5 u
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* \9 `( K7 l/ n! B! R 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ ?9 o- l& V9 o4 {# d B J
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ @& H$ r& h' g2 w3 Y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. C* } c, f Q' a 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, P2 d/ ~8 u; f, @2 h- V 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) n) K. f0 v0 @3 w& ~3 {% I 157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 d* g9 x0 G- @
/ j& ?6 B$ g. Q H 8 h8 r" x9 x3 u7 O! g5 F
' h4 @3 h: O9 U/ i0 I) o- R2 UTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% w5 Q! \5 Z1 v! t( f
% a" O+ E/ f) `& ?
. a$ D* n/ |( {# K Y0 _- q
Psychological Intervention
4 u5 t4 H" ~. N. _ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 s7 f. D( a0 R! Z, F. a7 Y# c 159. The fast s* }+ s3 H* G1 J" h4 U
a) Fast of moral pressure
3 V3 `7 q, h# S- l2 {. l) D b) Hunger strike
1 o0 |% a. r$ C7 y: V+ ^" b c) Satyagrahic fast
" @' O, y# K9 `# W# I0 { 160. Reverse trial+ @: Z# W; u' A( A9 u
161. Nonviolent harassment ~$ l: K: C) w
, M0 c! E/ [' W7 t7 [
Physical Intervention0 h9 d; |9 c0 x" }
162. Sit-in
X6 k8 o$ Y% r8 o: t4 u$ h3 p" o 163. Stand-in# N1 O1 X/ ^& D; Y4 P% ?
164. Ride-in
1 L+ |+ r8 b2 ` 165. Wade-in) M& F! f$ ?9 s8 z. W0 C2 B
166. Mill-in
9 m- w/ d: ~1 F" O 167. Pray-in
5 g! H& Z _/ k( a 168. Nonviolent raids- d4 Y' x* ]" d$ ?. {
169. Nonviolent air raids( g$ M. ~/ {: v" _& p: c
170. Nonviolent invasion
8 M/ M& `' u" j) q. W2 p 171. Nonviolent interjection
$ w6 p6 C0 ]1 L' Z6 i 172. Nonviolent obstruction) A" a+ t9 h0 u# u
173. Nonviolent occupation$ s8 l6 e5 F, o- p$ D7 a2 u
5 d4 j5 C& y" s5 d7 J* z
Social Intervention# H" U, E8 p: K. n* t2 b- G
174. Establishing new social patterns
8 M R! x) P) H# G! B* C, a8 _6 i 175. Overloading of facilities
: I; D; r1 O, T 176. Stall-in) P; ~1 ]& |* d: ~! f0 S
177. Speak-in' z% @' }$ D, ]" R' `* Q
178. Guerrilla theater$ x& B3 I! R* G
179. Alternative social institutions
$ g- \; k8 p4 B' z 180. Alternative communication system
+ k% O) j9 p& R. p& i
& Q' @" ~% R' AEconomic Intervention5 r) P- R' H e2 ?. `( X
181. Reverse strike
5 y1 z7 Q! Y& d% U( P: a9 i | 182. Stay-in strike
3 J) y1 q3 o0 w8 I+ H 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 r/ w0 @5 K; J( v* ^/ O( { 184. Defiance of blockades* S7 F* V. y' E
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' a m0 q0 U+ @; }0 W4 v/ Y
186. Preclusive purchasing
% F: Q s+ w3 W. A* w: } 187. Seizure of assets
& b. m7 I; z+ f, t/ i$ Y) j0 a 188. Dumping9 z7 H* T9 _4 S; w' q% m8 A8 s
189. Selective patronage( C; @7 l0 Z$ @* O! W% T% E5 q
190. Alternative markets
$ {- S) v0 }9 [ 191. Alternative transportation systems( _$ I1 {5 |7 @& A9 t
192. Alternative economic institutions+ N% c1 U$ \( D6 n& Y
* _9 K7 n" t9 P6 j+ r# t) I7 e9 P
Political Intervention
4 h6 [2 s7 K$ O 193. Overloading of administrative systems* }% o' W# E3 I) X, N3 a
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" _( d: s2 B! ^* H 195. Seeking imprisonment T& z+ b% v9 [# P. ]4 A
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 P: Q( j/ K' R- w9 ^0 R! F* T 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 s: ~+ d" ? Q- f3 c- S' D 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
