 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" L2 z1 y" h! ^- c; r! Y: L1 U0 L2 BFormal Statements
7 {$ U( J" o, p! J# f2 u" X 1. Public Speeches" M8 u6 r2 ^/ N7 X2 ^0 ]" ?+ Q
2. Letters of opposition or support
- T- m+ O) b7 ]" Y) I! g* {# c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ e2 c; |1 L: ]+ O
4. Signed public statements8 D0 J# W. Y- J- A/ b& n3 p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 G, R: D0 X" U0 }% c
6. Group or mass petitions
3 e" a+ d. ~& i! f- j* z6 D( ~) p( P5 q
Communications with a Wider Audience
* i- P- J0 Z+ }; R) g: I 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ M9 A" Q% w2 e! d( e# S
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 ?4 G/ T) H$ k" K$ Z$ t3 ^$ u% x( U
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 v: U+ Z+ j/ A1 w: R 10. Newspapers and journals
$ [* [1 i3 o. o1 P: J6 D. C8 s, E9 v6 G 11. Records, radio, and television/ S/ r* g' L4 l* b) O
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 m! m8 ] ]* m. _) J# |& C$ l# k' R
Group Representations2 U! q/ q4 v- _9 }% J( ~, w4 K
13. Deputations+ o& `1 a+ ?/ Y# P8 v1 `
14. Mock awards
1 \# N2 ~% m6 a" B 15. Group lobbying7 D" K$ H9 t# M! X
16. Picketing) n0 d4 [9 L$ e% g/ B! M
17. Mock elections) K F5 M) P' H9 k5 M
$ L, k1 o9 Z. k+ U) J5 t
Symbolic Public Acts7 U2 W6 ~4 Q9 U* W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# z/ \5 ^- p& q; f8 g
19. Wearing of symbols
8 U# \9 {9 R: Z* D 20. Prayer and worship8 q: z+ W2 ~( \, j( w5 Y6 X
21. Delivering symbolic objects
_* G+ T8 V. `& e" q& O 22. Protest disrobings
) b4 ]5 G; L: O( L. F 23. Destruction of own property! c/ j$ y/ J- c5 O6 N3 G1 y
24. Symbolic lights& }) c$ V' g0 u
25. Displays of portraits
( i) T; }# j: p) v) G 26. Paint as protest
2 D4 S4 m7 x9 p2 z 27. New signs and names5 R; d1 G# H6 J! V# V3 J7 e
28. Symbolic sounds
6 T7 e+ K. f) [ 29. Symbolic reclamations( ^2 d+ a, R8 o) h! A/ p
30. Rude gestures
" a% H9 M, Z0 p- M- _4 r# c+ X: Z+ m
Pressures on Individuals- e7 Q, t5 b* b9 ^( Y. \ k
31. “Haunting” officials4 w. m. s& o) f8 g, R" M% g
32. Taunting officials7 n9 M; B1 |3 |6 @( E( L* G
33. Fraternization* j) Z; L9 u+ L5 H) [1 y
34. Vigils4 B6 X, S) {0 N" E; Y
- a3 D6 A6 T8 KDrama and Music
( \9 M- D5 F: o, ^4 X 35. Humorous skits and pranks+ B, f$ I" }1 w4 ?( Q# G/ K2 F8 d" ^
36. Performances of plays and music# m Y; R) g) R4 U1 M
37. Singing
" h* H; [- ]- z: K, T7 b7 b
0 X( W O; w" J! H4 sProcessions1 `& D: k. x% u! D% T) U* G
38. Marches
' ~1 M! w0 D( A0 g! n3 p 39. Parades, }; ~& L0 K+ H# E& o7 B
40. Religious processions
. F! S. D9 b' X# z 41. Pilgrimages$ c3 X! R# _$ O
42. Motorcades
3 H9 {, ]3 ~. m! \0 I7 X/ [ i! U, [
* y3 n7 J$ e! a5 x, r- z% w6 `: Y- zHonoring the Dead T6 c2 c! r5 u. i
43. Political mourning
: f% ]/ x% ]/ W5 M: L: C* h0 T 44. Mock funerals
( E; H$ L" s) F7 [% ?. p 45. Demonstrative funerals
- {& [: A- y% v# E 46. Homage at burial places
/ W) `( n6 P L$ H& m y2 k2 H9 x; o6 f" e3 r6 h
Public Assemblies8 C+ g' R: i4 L; f7 M& `+ `
47. Assemblies of protest or support- r9 a* G8 P& C* {8 v+ N
48. Protest meetings* ` r2 d- K3 `9 }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 ?6 w5 v2 P# t 50. Teach-ins$ I1 n+ [2 L- @: E: Z; Y/ ~7 p" J) T
2 t. ~) n& k9 b7 N' Y( B# `5 KWithdrawal and Renunciation
6 o) r$ t& M" d9 X: p- R' @ 51. Walk-outs6 P% W8 A7 W0 H8 @8 q, d. ~6 N8 n' L
52. Silence% \( L3 N$ |5 R7 M
53. Renouncing honors
* @6 b6 G5 ]5 ~: P& E- M3 t( x8 d 54. Turning one’s back1 N2 ?0 G1 }! I2 Y+ X8 p% B
7 q9 ]) {6 N" E- c
0 O4 U8 \6 \2 g& M2 d! E
; r# g8 H8 d0 y rTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION o3 C, @, j6 Q& u4 ?1 W, _8 ~
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: K% A2 A2 z- R/ u8 }
Ostracism of Persons2 V w+ k* H0 }; \, H$ E' p, |
55. Social boycott# v; [ V& G O$ C% Y* X
56. Selective social boycott
/ ?/ ~% L, e7 k' a' T' O1 C 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 z* H4 {4 l; {1 Y6 Q
58. Excommunication
. g3 S4 g! M& j5 K: ?7 u0 p8 m 59. Interdict& V( ~9 o# E/ j8 A
- ]# C9 G1 a6 q/ G% s1 Z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 M& N j+ D$ f" V# h
60. Suspension of social and sports activities3 U! _; _& |8 Z6 y$ W0 {
61. Boycott of social affairs
/ z0 ]1 X. ^" }- |) k2 A# J! J 62. Student strike6 B3 g" D+ e$ N; {4 q
63. Social disobedience# t# A" W, X, q1 c, y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; |5 n: |! q4 y' x0 e
. _) \9 y7 _# z3 z- }; l
Withdrawal from the Social System4 X) v* W6 w2 s6 ^6 Q( d
65. Stay-at-home
6 f) h& m+ }8 _0 ~0 y# s7 W+ n# ^ 66. Total personal noncooperation, U- G- S9 [4 J
67. “Flight” of workers
3 C0 T7 l$ m; E. ?$ B' y1 o! x 68. Sanctuary0 t8 D' Q# K" t+ r' [
69. Collective disappearance+ D1 r8 ]# J& e& Q& ] s4 T
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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0 N) E# ] i' Y: ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS I0 W W/ ~& p1 y7 g# c" E2 P
+ v- Y2 X- _8 [ , r/ o! @+ q! u5 l
Actions by Consumers2 i- _7 `- a0 c+ Z# e1 I
71. Consumers’ boycott
1 b" a$ M5 i4 o) Q7 w1 ]% S- o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ X$ F" M9 p4 T4 l* P& s 73. Policy of austerity
; b' W/ q- u0 P. R# B! y) L0 B 74. Rent withholding) F7 @2 S: z$ _# M1 H5 b
75. Refusal to rent. B6 U* {& k1 _ J% N: q5 b( Z
76. National consumers’ boycott
% j6 T7 }9 r2 |- R! \% _1 k o 77. International consumers’ boycott ^9 B5 k' a# r" I! F
3 ]; u ^5 o! C- m% r
Action by Workers and Producers; V6 @0 [- V5 I
78. Workmen’s boycott0 b' S3 Z e# h( B7 u$ e8 H6 t
79. Producers’ boycott# G* F4 { r/ [6 R; b2 M
5 X) u6 L$ z4 g( V# y+ AAction by Middlemen" y7 P$ R7 l; `* p- i* j
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ ]1 Q$ _1 z! O4 C
6 E6 ?$ S6 Q; IAction by Owners and Management! U& c# X/ ~# ?1 r0 C3 S
81. Traders’ boycott: x0 [: ^4 v r5 ]0 Q; c7 t
82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 T! ~- W) V3 ^8 K; h$ _ 83. Lockout
2 f0 z0 @* V" Q8 N" ?% r 84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ A, D( Z4 @0 @8 g* D5 Q( r
85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 q. ?% ~* O) q3 R2 i
& r9 _; i6 I- E$ U7 N! `
Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 j6 p& e& d \( \/ V, l
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" {0 {; M& A: r: w+ r& N
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 @6 }+ K& J( g% J0 }3 G
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ t$ e" F% Q7 L& B 89. Severance of funds and credit+ c) c- n& U8 a+ \) Z2 c% L
90. Revenue refusal
# j- j/ x1 |, i: ` 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 L6 k6 M) `% M% b `) I
/ f; @) a1 Q* r- W2 p
Action by Governments
0 g/ Q6 k; R* a' `' g) }2 e 92. Domestic embargo
% C J; V/ O/ W 93. Blacklisting of traders" X: \; i" Z- D' ^/ V
94. International sellers’ embargo
& @, } M5 M4 s/ a" R% f 95. International buyers’ embargo, i& ~' m6 @! v( P; X/ x+ C6 l A
96. International trade embargo! ~' c9 f/ r- w) G$ t6 F
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
' `1 H1 d5 h7 n! g3 [; M4 b( V2 ]! Q) w* T( b8 N& H
/ |3 t3 |5 o% j) V7 `9 JSymbolic Strikes
/ B1 N+ m: E& X$ z. y 97. Protest strike
; I6 Y. _2 F- J! w, W 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 C! n* y, b* e$ S V/ U
! d8 ^$ Y$ `9 d/ s" |Agricultural Strikes1 Q4 D# h7 K0 [$ P
99. Peasant strike
% t I! b& m* `) b* Y5 c- y 100. Farm Workers’ strike. g: t9 a* |7 F* c
: {& U0 _# b1 c$ t+ r) K
Strikes by Special Groups
* s& n9 E" ^2 H4 w2 c9 h1 X 101. Refusal of impressed labor" o* _) y! e( C. \/ @% B; V
102. Prisoners’ strike6 w. H. K" l3 C
103. Craft strike% G7 q7 _) C; B+ A1 M
104. Professional strike
0 Q/ X1 e1 H" D1 o% ]( h1 q7 a* Z3 }3 z+ F5 x
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
0 z* j3 J! {' I0 e5 H 105. Establishment strike
6 {) `$ |6 _' ]2 O 106. Industry strike, w! V+ y2 q1 I) x
107. Sympathetic strike$ a! M4 j) z1 ]. ^9 x- d4 z
' I9 B$ p8 L3 |3 M' Y
Restricted Strikes9 m; `5 b( K" [6 u5 Q& h
108. Detailed strike
" p K' T, V: l# Q7 g: _; H 109. Bumper strike# S8 t+ Q# _" q6 G$ m
110. Slowdown strike
* A K% _6 I, D5 {% U! I! t) B 111. Working-to-rule strike( j6 X, D: p/ n+ S4 B3 x
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& [3 |$ T8 }5 y
113. Strike by resignation4 {3 l$ E2 y# P" \. O5 M& S5 J
114. Limited strike, N* h9 e' q. M; x. R% c. ]/ K, K
115. Selective strike
- x3 F" p) U7 b( L$ W; V1 T
" f }) L3 R H2 ?) pMulti-Industry Strikes" v- Q2 W5 p2 X
, B( e* J; A1 S# u" ]1 _ 116. Generalized strike& w$ ]) l2 h0 K7 c1 X
- Q; J1 {: m. [/ c5 }6 `
117. General strike
- B: d1 v+ c5 d0 Q
( U# `4 t& p% FCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures& G) h" C( a, G% n6 w
) {8 i+ j) Y. z, U" b1 m! ], I$ M
118. Hartal: Q2 W: H- m. Q
$ E) A( e% J( O+ { D
119. Economic shutdown' Y {& ^* M4 E' d' I
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& w3 ], J L- a& M7 K, n! {4 b8 O
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 B7 m9 @ Z7 O/ D0 z
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Rejection of Authority: p0 x ?& @8 y9 U) v4 p5 y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# a- w- o# X* l1 E0 ?/ y4 r% E$ q
121. Refusal of public support9 {7 J& s! L6 L& R' G: O
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! r- z7 o0 A& Z! r! U. u; O$ [ @4 ]9 k$ x) A# Y) Z9 g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 S: ~' m) Y/ ~+ b
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 w: L. l8 _5 M, S' H
124. Boycott of elections
1 Z; F8 a0 \2 D* I1 l# q3 S 125. Boycott of government employment and positions" M$ W+ d" A* y& b6 A
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% H% N ^: f3 i& o1 c2 J4 S
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ I0 _7 v# h" |9 \1 @, F9 K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 }0 h! Y. g. [1 E. N' r 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: k8 x6 C2 w9 d7 p2 I3 t% i
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: J4 ~8 V' x' @9 b( ^& U; R% U 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 }" U7 G- v2 @3 a! T4 \8 { 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( `# b |( A# j' e; y8 ~- W8 r
* {# @6 K2 @& @% `/ Q( gCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- C! y$ {% m& V4 K" n# l: f9 r: o 133. Reluctant and slow compliance V* Y( C7 T1 f+ E5 Q- u" j7 R$ x( B; P$ x
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision G/ h, ^, J: u# e. \
135. Popular nonobedience2 m3 Z8 p ?& v0 g1 y) p, l
136. Disguised disobedience, i' p3 D+ D: h" Z/ U
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ j4 T! p/ R9 K. s' j& C% ?
138. Sitdown$ w$ C6 K9 s3 ]9 i3 h
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" G8 x) H9 h( G* Z) m 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 T4 G( [9 N9 b5 ~$ |7 p
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
; v! [# _) j$ w& p2 ]; f
* {7 Z, M1 l$ j2 U# s# ?Action by Government Personnel
9 I' o$ \0 X2 c. u$ Z6 B# D, c5 R 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% A w. j4 J8 z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 ?- B; A$ c: q9 H# u
144. Stalling and obstruction* y8 N: K# B( ~; u: U3 `
145. General administrative noncooperation
" Q p- B* M# P2 F! @# U9 N
- n% q" v, ]0 N+ ? 146. Judicial noncooperation3 G7 o+ b# d: _' I7 n/ \# j
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" d* }7 |" }4 i% q5 D$ n/ X7 Y' R
148. Mutiny3 {' U! a' n8 S7 P+ _, W- @# ]& y
Domestic Governmental Action8 H8 x# a% w; {" ^7 x/ M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' U: E" Q' ^1 a
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 ~0 V: F- Q% v
W8 y n2 u5 v6 w2 NInternational Governmental Action4 ?0 V5 F- V5 I4 t V/ |1 J* ]
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& Z. s" s% l! ~6 X6 y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ T) }9 m' `6 b L1 P( p0 o3 @. a6 N
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 u2 k8 l- w$ l O8 n, W/ c 154. Severance of diplomatic relations: m/ j/ c( Z$ A% V1 u! n; ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! O9 `5 h/ C M8 p h# b% K 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, ~7 p. n6 k) \1 g
157. Expulsion from international organizations# g0 j) O8 w; W3 P
4 y# L1 t x3 j7 ~1 d6 q0 L * d' H6 T3 q! A# a- h: `
& I" K. p9 T( |" _. [$ {0 KTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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* W" i9 X1 u( l; t9 e 7 }5 ~/ {. l& C6 [
Psychological Intervention" ~4 b: W! E0 X7 a1 T. A+ }
158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ z) } J4 t3 R/ Q& l" B' K) O' G 159. The fast
@2 X) P' o" M+ M7 b( x3 i a) Fast of moral pressure% y2 x; n+ H+ G4 ^" E; ], b
b) Hunger strike
4 L% ?3 b! W# h H) j5 q2 Q c) Satyagrahic fast
u5 Y( g* d. {/ j4 Y 160. Reverse trial
) K8 ?4 L/ N4 V3 f5 z4 u- q! ~ 161. Nonviolent harassment
% C7 j+ I1 j. t! ~( Z- I0 Q+ o% M* f+ J& P$ p
Physical Intervention/ v l& @! f; Y+ k2 l
162. Sit-in6 g. o) k/ _1 ]! S, I
163. Stand-in
' g% ^) X" O1 F4 ] 164. Ride-in
) j; ~5 d% ^+ z; G4 k4 l Z: F. r. m 165. Wade-in
, M0 O+ g5 W/ h" G @' }. |9 W 166. Mill-in" I! b+ u$ G9 `
167. Pray-in
# w# | @, }0 s% r! W" ^7 s2 M% B 168. Nonviolent raids# j5 ^# e& c; i8 Q" ^5 a: h
169. Nonviolent air raids% Q& c9 S* J- L! Q1 K! g
170. Nonviolent invasion, `% @# r, r3 A+ c8 a) U m5 r
171. Nonviolent interjection$ o" n, j2 Y5 ^- i/ o0 s0 ? s" {
172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 q* d/ l/ i$ E; d9 G 173. Nonviolent occupation
: u* {) g/ b; l; g+ W8 I3 t; v1 u1 Q6 M X* T! f B4 o% ^) e5 P
Social Intervention
+ B! t( n$ P) \ 174. Establishing new social patterns/ E+ Y3 V0 ?1 l- B' C7 M
175. Overloading of facilities
* r2 y+ }: C1 ~ 176. Stall-in1 ]* S W2 {- y
177. Speak-in
/ Y& N5 X. d( M1 X- F+ C6 B ] 178. Guerrilla theater
6 c) u* o! c; W4 f4 W% u) e7 ]; U9 P! Z8 v 179. Alternative social institutions, Z( V6 H" S. x$ |; f! O1 x
180. Alternative communication system G7 T9 u3 L$ o. V/ O9 T
+ w, [. Z) l x8 BEconomic Intervention8 m2 n* T7 r; H+ ~8 A1 M( }0 s
181. Reverse strike- v% q3 p f3 d. w
182. Stay-in strike C) m+ J3 K6 o3 ^ U* Y
183. Nonviolent land seizure w5 c; ~. i+ o; T/ r
184. Defiance of blockades
" h$ k$ Y$ | I# V# c4 ]' o- O 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! c3 r# B+ Y9 z
186. Preclusive purchasing
5 P+ y; M/ o# s$ S; n) ` 187. Seizure of assets
+ ?( G) i+ I* p1 N2 I' ` 188. Dumping5 Q( ~3 L4 Q& V2 _+ j/ V5 g
189. Selective patronage0 l/ m7 G8 ^& S |7 Q' v
190. Alternative markets* Y' g; h% V/ G4 P) L& m
191. Alternative transportation systems
2 H& `# e) W4 C/ C1 x' z7 K) m 192. Alternative economic institutions, w6 q0 L1 J2 W3 C4 @
Q# r9 Q6 j7 T2 k8 a& T' VPolitical Intervention
4 n3 {9 N; W2 d 193. Overloading of administrative systems4 [, y8 c, B; u" Z" c: m# F
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 p7 i8 Q3 M; a4 l) I
195. Seeking imprisonment, ~, F8 i6 J8 k d- ^2 \2 }& c7 O
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 t5 y q4 ^# S5 R 197. Work-on without collaboration/ L3 N4 ?6 e& b; G5 J( Z. z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
