 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; c m' s6 f: U
Formal Statements. ?/ [+ b# z |! ?6 J( c& f H- u
1. Public Speeches! c: b2 f6 c9 B& i- i
2. Letters of opposition or support
" R6 j# ?/ L( x) T2 w) O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
+ |3 p) M$ \( t9 v$ D4 M 4. Signed public statements
1 ]( f0 i" u9 y& F, U% p 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 H N9 Y/ D4 Q# K 6. Group or mass petitions L# p0 F- P7 v0 C
9 I, \3 K u# H/ ^; V5 U1 y
Communications with a Wider Audience2 A+ F* ?4 n* j7 W+ y Q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 J }& c6 J+ b' X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 y3 ^, R9 a, b+ y/ h
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, x- U7 M7 L, G# X5 A: s1 B 10. Newspapers and journals
( W% G. B2 g+ K$ I3 @6 ^ 11. Records, radio, and television
- B$ t1 p; I4 m- R% s 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
) ~2 b7 f7 O7 { |/ d' q# K/ g; G" D+ \4 A. k/ E
Group Representations
$ r* Q v; [. f8 j 13. Deputations! L. k; U2 k' s; e
14. Mock awards/ d! U$ u7 a' U: U
15. Group lobbying+ u7 b: I7 E! L$ Z. M
16. Picketing4 w4 [2 O( ~; C% x% P
17. Mock elections
; Q: G: q, }2 L9 N1 o0 K2 s! O1 C% a. j5 f" a0 X6 ]" a C
Symbolic Public Acts$ }3 q b/ Z% H& V0 s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# |) C% w+ U+ z
19. Wearing of symbols4 n) o: D$ G" H/ Y$ }
20. Prayer and worship
1 `7 _0 \7 r* C 21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ _ \7 x" D* J' K 22. Protest disrobings+ |6 v( `. s6 P6 f+ [: W6 F# j" t" Z
23. Destruction of own property( D1 C5 A" A9 D: z5 N0 E5 ~0 Z6 n# d
24. Symbolic lights
V' X$ p# c% ?7 e2 O9 Q4 D- P 25. Displays of portraits
/ B; j- x) b+ @$ T1 T 26. Paint as protest
# w, E( d3 M) C 27. New signs and names/ l2 b( |) X4 j' E, z8 a1 O0 J0 X
28. Symbolic sounds
0 z# W" k" a5 ]0 {' t$ a 29. Symbolic reclamations8 f2 g C/ Y' L( ^1 m8 P, r
30. Rude gestures( G+ O" X# c: D: l% h- F0 B
, E) R7 M9 i/ n3 V G1 T3 W, YPressures on Individuals
. ?0 v+ ?! Y! f7 N6 h 31. “Haunting” officials
1 v; N. d Z) {# {8 F1 m j" v 32. Taunting officials5 S5 z6 F( F: ]
33. Fraternization
' P& e- X% e& g3 A' {3 l 34. Vigils
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Drama and Music. G2 B- M- R$ G2 K- E9 P
35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 Z) ?4 w+ L9 H, r) k2 V" L 36. Performances of plays and music
% L# N |; g% k& p o 37. Singing
7 C: D3 O& ~3 c% ^' }# T2 ^, o# b" _! Q+ N' x | x( v8 R
Processions
) S7 E( u7 _$ n* K3 v1 L( y 38. Marches
) Q* J: f% |. P7 g7 v/ P$ G9 G 39. Parades B G7 Y" B* A
40. Religious processions" T/ B& o: E0 w# ~& i
41. Pilgrimages
" j [# ~3 Z' \ 42. Motorcades% o% G2 f' h9 x5 o _
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Honoring the Dead* j, ?. }! [( o5 F# {( d& ]
43. Political mourning
3 q" ?) r% s( s: w+ e }! U 44. Mock funerals
% F2 \; x- Q. s# c% M/ n 45. Demonstrative funerals
/ K! l( S( K O% p 46. Homage at burial places+ e5 [( C2 |8 Y& K+ ~
5 @/ a5 b4 R B* c* [% |$ W
Public Assemblies3 Q" h2 z. V" Y- N1 ?+ k; ^* F
47. Assemblies of protest or support
& |; Q, U6 f' N+ t1 V 48. Protest meetings
2 O+ p- ~8 q. b4 ^5 r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 _+ l1 z1 v; e5 ^- Y 50. Teach-ins- M) j7 E; j( G
% z9 e5 b9 E0 Y/ }& C( ~Withdrawal and Renunciation
$ j" @# b6 T; T8 n, X 51. Walk-outs- I" A2 Z. Z* y; x9 ~, V4 I& |
52. Silence# ^$ m) b8 p) F& c0 m% t- ~" p
53. Renouncing honors! p+ _3 L G/ G0 a
54. Turning one’s back: d/ v T* S& s
0 }! Y4 k( W9 m, c
* W) m2 W; o- {- v; l+ d1 ]8 E( ]" }& N- C, w/ s
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
$ n1 ]) ` \: s) a/ j 55. Social boycott: ?4 W% L4 x4 U1 [
56. Selective social boycott; i( M2 b2 {" _7 h2 S. P
57. Lysistratic nonaction5 {& n* _& g1 F* @
58. Excommunication
4 U" n' ^, T. a, d: B 59. Interdict! j, }. l" l+ I9 M$ F9 |+ q
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ S' F1 g$ {, N1 p 60. Suspension of social and sports activities2 G8 s4 C; A1 s8 {
61. Boycott of social affairs
4 ]4 C3 ]6 w, O$ z 62. Student strike
# S2 @, K5 m! w. M0 b 63. Social disobedience
) l& r9 A8 {+ q9 |' n7 o3 z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions C' J$ N- ~% E8 e. ]
0 l. ?) Y& E5 h; B
Withdrawal from the Social System
1 z" u! m [2 g! B% x3 [" p1 U1 z 65. Stay-at-home# L8 G) j# ~3 I ~- c C
66. Total personal noncooperation' m) B# A, k7 M2 O
67. “Flight” of workers
( [" j0 _* W& ?% I$ U9 P: E 68. Sanctuary2 P3 K1 A! n* V( B* a! E! q
69. Collective disappearance0 h# N4 W: a5 q# c8 g0 p" t' g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
4 n) X; |/ T+ p, F1 e1 t8 P 71. Consumers’ boycott4 o0 ^5 t* G1 T9 o
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" X) G$ T2 B+ d: U O 73. Policy of austerity6 v! t5 j9 V0 [' D: |5 j( O
74. Rent withholding4 [: z7 T c2 k/ _, [9 ?; v
75. Refusal to rent8 Y9 E/ f: w7 i# I
76. National consumers’ boycott
' i- _/ e% q8 z, ?0 e5 q5 M( Z- u 77. International consumers’ boycott
7 f. y5 z2 B/ A8 Q5 S% a9 Q% L/ y% n4 I+ c" B
Action by Workers and Producers
# D( ~# Z$ Q' [ 78. Workmen’s boycott' P3 _9 J9 m0 U) Z) S1 J" g4 _
79. Producers’ boycott
# K, Z( M* o T( H. t; B o4 ~1 G8 a4 F i
Action by Middlemen7 i1 b# ]; k7 M* Q# q/ @3 j* M
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 n+ F/ B/ ?( N3 M& _3 k
7 R, m& l4 ?/ N
Action by Owners and Management5 s+ p% g: |! }+ t$ e
81. Traders’ boycott/ x7 H8 O# }. I% {: M
82. Refusal to let or sell property
# U( n& G) h$ l# k 83. Lockout1 ~$ i2 F" b% H3 j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance) _ k4 G( ]' V$ M( o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 Q7 X7 M4 r: l$ }5 ~% }& u8 W$ p
Action by Holders of Financial Resources* }5 R/ k( A3 y3 u ^. ]
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- T3 N0 b, P8 L9 F& M. ?$ p
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ {- |1 y: |! y; t6 k6 H/ T |% l
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 \! S/ U1 P4 M 89. Severance of funds and credit
0 {9 j+ F. {8 l2 s9 U4 e0 U 90. Revenue refusal$ {) C2 A) p, A" s, w7 q+ c* D
91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 H4 h% U( A+ F+ R z; f
$ p' m& ~2 [, [+ X" jAction by Governments
6 N% Q5 Z; T9 V 92. Domestic embargo8 K' h( ?; L3 s) e
93. Blacklisting of traders
# z, V; } k j9 \3 I 94. International sellers’ embargo! A! Y9 M; Z# Q8 O
95. International buyers’ embargo0 ^3 ?2 _0 I% T% {; X; ~( d. X
96. International trade embargo7 L, u) V: _2 t( x0 z+ v9 g5 W
3 ?- R* e! q3 _0 P6 d " n; o, V# y2 r/ T$ l6 V
8 r3 N) [' N; ~ W+ m6 J% W: ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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" I' t: R/ _, i; r3 ~6 eSymbolic Strikes! v3 r( N' u9 H: v( S
97. Protest strike
8 N! e$ d& |. \! v; t: J 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# A: v5 r. p$ H! ~, R
7 h. s. T' k& v, U2 F% u8 w: X3 n' eAgricultural Strikes
0 c/ ~5 }$ E8 ~. Z! w 99. Peasant strike% t. G% ~5 D0 O% G( `
100. Farm Workers’ strike
k6 ]( ]" X. _$ Z
/ q% e$ _8 k9 ?7 QStrikes by Special Groups8 a' `, I" @( f5 A \" x
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ b9 \8 [9 f" I2 a% i. ]+ ?' }7 V% H5 H 102. Prisoners’ strike* u* d1 @% ?7 H* y3 o: J; _0 m" Q) S
103. Craft strike4 |/ j2 a) x# e) U8 p* k* I
104. Professional strike
9 j U$ `, w) r2 V4 r* I
, Y! ^& M. e/ ^. P2 C& I3 X5 b9 u5 LOrdinary Industrial Strikes
) j/ w E/ L( [: d 105. Establishment strike1 X4 u( ~& K8 D ^1 d5 | F
106. Industry strike
- U3 ]4 \) T' ~7 S 107. Sympathetic strike
( \# y/ g: Y1 U7 H7 h
! h/ _2 ^& Q. C7 JRestricted Strikes
- T3 Z9 W. [5 b 108. Detailed strike* b+ ?" t1 |: Z; E) f% L8 k! c' d
109. Bumper strike2 O _ k" C: }4 B# \! R5 r3 {% `- e
110. Slowdown strike
6 j4 b* g8 @6 N2 o! {& [ 111. Working-to-rule strike! A% Z4 S6 Z8 p+ z
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)$ F3 d! u Y' \: X4 Y
113. Strike by resignation
. b0 ^# O6 h. K- p/ a- G1 ^9 [ 114. Limited strike. P5 L. j( E1 a) i; |7 T
115. Selective strike" [+ d% `0 }3 d) E5 _3 ]8 Z( v/ g% K
1 X1 @6 Y3 U6 J8 H2 x( w6 w+ fMulti-Industry Strikes
9 C4 G8 e5 ? X, M4 S; X
8 I3 R( R& i& Z1 r- ?9 o( a1 Z 116. Generalized strike
! M% u3 V) n1 A5 s, ]7 y- v+ o3 |
* z% ?! j7 [# C2 h" _ ]! U, G, D 117. General strike+ x& d& \( S) |6 o8 \# l
1 m* Q: J) u1 R8 i, w. D
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% M2 f. k n5 b' d+ Q( v( F$ k( j% J7 l! P8 \( o
118. Hartal
2 k9 y% [% F! Y+ t. G7 ?( h: x S! t0 y& w* F; R$ A0 N5 E
119. Economic shutdown
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$ d& P, m- O0 ?/ A C5 [& G" b6 b# R( O2 {7 E
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority: d$ D8 S8 V( a
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ @( m' @- y1 Q 121. Refusal of public support, w; \" t' o& I( m( a& W
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 h3 i6 P* ?$ H/ R
" ^" {# T5 Z# g4 jCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( R% S# W8 }& `" \2 V, Q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; g+ }8 l2 j+ h" |
124. Boycott of elections: N' b4 F2 j1 U; g1 i& p* _
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 Q' X# A0 `+ h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; [% D5 }) i1 v7 s* p! j& H" p/ F 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! l0 x8 |7 t0 R. ^9 C+ W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' z0 E& X" K% Z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 @4 ^2 V% `, N% k
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. f6 y8 u, \/ h6 T K _' ^% v
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials$ R% J$ \* J* c8 Q4 ]4 k
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: k* ^0 o% a3 ~5 a) A/ {, r5 R4 c
" W6 Q* Y* q; o& [" A
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
x9 O# C9 c$ E, W 133. Reluctant and slow compliance }! b! @6 l5 M* R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: B; Q0 l- s' y. ]) T! g8 M( X 135. Popular nonobedience* |, }9 C/ r2 t- I* {$ C# d# o
136. Disguised disobedience) A7 x6 r, n- Z8 d5 @$ O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" S: S6 T+ l/ H4 J& k5 b 138. Sitdown
: Y8 l0 v" u9 P8 @# C7 g" J 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# L# j+ R% ~; o% \ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ f. B0 r5 J2 F# t! V. d% A' Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
c& R* e2 p M5 C7 V& {* \8 O, a% Q7 ?9 q: F* f5 w
Action by Government Personnel
/ N4 H2 U8 g" M* U 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ c! P4 _. Y6 { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information" [4 d; {4 E4 U" w. q9 ]+ k4 h7 B6 U
144. Stalling and obstruction! I- V2 x# p, ]! \" w/ [9 a$ z8 I
145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
- N& F/ c( m7 }$ L* Y% e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; G9 T+ g0 ^! ?' S
148. Mutiny
, o. J$ z* R _: U5 {! z. uDomestic Governmental Action( h6 ^! b8 F& T. ?% u
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) O* p4 h0 a. Y5 F; |! N
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 I( X- ]6 X* o) ^" Y/ S5 \$ e) w
5 c; v D! h" A8 r7 H& q fInternational Governmental Action
& }; G! p; h. o% h z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" n" g4 r) F, \$ _ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( x2 y5 L- F1 e+ s 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, N* _- V ]7 L
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 X& H/ {5 c: O% {3 t! y% S 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ K( y# B1 @4 m8 L7 D* m 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 R. F4 f3 X: V. K
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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% J# {# I! M# J* h6 rPsychological Intervention
! ]) H% I1 _( L 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 K0 u" c, s1 }6 f/ x9 h- u8 J 159. The fast! j+ G! n; u( K! C" O8 E6 E
a) Fast of moral pressure+ ^6 Z8 T# O5 q. ?: H3 K7 n
b) Hunger strike$ Z# {: h) I4 }( d) H# u
c) Satyagrahic fast/ D: ^' g3 V W) c% ?) Y- I
160. Reverse trial
) u. ]0 i. S0 b0 ]: f( H d 161. Nonviolent harassment
# A" `) i% ^1 y
9 }) E# K5 v7 ?6 w. c" }1 Z5 J" ePhysical Intervention
7 \& s9 C& O/ p 162. Sit-in
3 h9 }' Z. Y1 W! i( | 163. Stand-in
" l4 x g) W6 N) g2 b2 \ 164. Ride-in3 Z( `+ l/ W& ?" H) g7 f3 X
165. Wade-in
) ?1 G4 p* W: _/ ? 166. Mill-in+ M! G9 l5 Z- I7 M2 w- x1 B3 ~% X
167. Pray-in, D3 F- Z, ]- h
168. Nonviolent raids
9 e- U. j+ l, n2 s' `/ j O' E" ? 169. Nonviolent air raids
+ {9 A4 u: e4 H1 v 170. Nonviolent invasion
( ]) I f7 J& ^1 r4 ~! O3 | 171. Nonviolent interjection: n3 J! A. H L) u6 g, J: C ^ p
172. Nonviolent obstruction
: L9 L" {6 K( Z% {( R& L7 a 173. Nonviolent occupation
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# ^/ D8 T; }3 } S+ \Social Intervention- D+ `4 B7 {% w9 V
174. Establishing new social patterns
( `. V, Q4 s# | @. o 175. Overloading of facilities
5 z; p" B# ?! Z 176. Stall-in2 F! J# M( a% V
177. Speak-in% [: s/ Y& ?2 t! }/ g# v# S8 e7 S
178. Guerrilla theater
3 a: h! q* S2 M+ \# U! D 179. Alternative social institutions# V* P- R- a% d" n
180. Alternative communication system# h' `% H$ ^* c4 @3 q S
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Economic Intervention
" l0 s! u. \7 ? 181. Reverse strike
7 b1 U) v' C/ W5 Q2 N0 d 182. Stay-in strike
! P R) v# Z' E( F A 183. Nonviolent land seizure5 O* K6 ?& T2 u* q
184. Defiance of blockades
& Y3 Y% K3 w4 p7 B: d# D& v 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% I( m* |! v0 X3 d; b9 g; o
186. Preclusive purchasing6 k$ _8 X' y9 M* O. ?
187. Seizure of assets6 L/ P, ^) _' @# {; U
188. Dumping/ l; o* J5 d* ?8 d% h3 E# I) X2 f4 R
189. Selective patronage! v$ |# K0 o7 g- L
190. Alternative markets
. g, j: H n) J7 i4 ] 191. Alternative transportation systems
8 v' ^+ x9 A- s8 Q0 s- g 192. Alternative economic institutions- y$ @" | X. n5 i v0 L
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Political Intervention
4 k: X7 B( w8 f. S6 M% f. R 193. Overloading of administrative systems# i, `" T1 T9 V; ~5 U4 \) y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, ]2 g+ M6 d# h( z
195. Seeking imprisonment* T4 {. Q" K' F) D# m2 G- v
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. S& P; ~+ y& N. s/ q
197. Work-on without collaboration4 |* ?% B+ e6 X& r+ H
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% S% ~: P; r6 {# L
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
