 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 a7 X- I1 r2 T. M$ x8 _Formal Statements+ s/ z7 Z) B- }* B6 G5 K
1. Public Speeches
. N, s U" |9 E5 K 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 I% H1 f6 c9 X6 L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
{9 p! X7 C, [. w# H* j" ~ 4. Signed public statements
& F# E* Z W; e* k$ i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention# i& I$ G8 E' A& K
6. Group or mass petitions
, M6 {! O% M. P# Y7 K" G4 i; W7 b' m z8 V: v0 R6 N1 A$ G
Communications with a Wider Audience- h+ a2 t' C4 S6 u& `
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 m) t+ m, y1 Q" b
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) c" m6 F6 l7 y. Z! `9 }$ r: }
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 W/ [# o- [1 u$ ?8 u$ c# x6 [/ t
10. Newspapers and journals$ u# K8 b! w: [- ]: `" o. j
11. Records, radio, and television* C. x, e7 E. g6 ~" e8 L# M
12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 A) Q& Y3 H3 m8 _4 O4 V
* O5 J* \. x1 y& |. y5 l# `
Group Representations
8 Q, G2 K# @+ v$ v% c, I 13. Deputations9 N% F# M; O7 c6 y+ G! C8 P1 Q
14. Mock awards5 M& [, s k- g
15. Group lobbying- v( p% t$ J$ A3 [
16. Picketing, y. s6 B1 y1 q9 R8 {, ^/ \
17. Mock elections
: X7 b( e% O; y' \' u, F/ o6 M. g
/ J, ~- u. `+ Y6 }+ qSymbolic Public Acts: |1 _. `8 H U
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ P, t$ x) V; X6 K+ \- @' j 19. Wearing of symbols# D9 J4 ]6 r* ^' ?( G8 R3 H
20. Prayer and worship& ]& h, `, O8 p6 z0 K; B8 M: z
21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ I* [ q5 Z. [4 c( J1 G; x 22. Protest disrobings
: O3 E2 Z9 B6 F! Y% d% K9 N7 i 23. Destruction of own property$ G3 q* }# T+ E3 k+ I, Z% J
24. Symbolic lights
, l4 h" W/ I. m& Z+ Y4 [. ` 25. Displays of portraits
+ t; P% d2 _, C+ e5 E2 F6 s- _ 26. Paint as protest9 ?- f! i1 @3 c# h/ O
27. New signs and names
, m k/ w8 B5 c" u! [1 b: a 28. Symbolic sounds
5 Y/ [- o. B( W) l' N8 G4 p% s 29. Symbolic reclamations6 c5 ]/ \& |; p" y
30. Rude gestures
* _) T- s6 f8 h- J0 M+ Z8 K0 o$ v3 y! V
) |' J1 \. W. b5 n3 w, \Pressures on Individuals
' F/ B8 G3 [3 @ 31. “Haunting” officials- @* D* ^+ [3 ?9 k) }' f1 z: P
32. Taunting officials% H% r1 U: H0 H5 ]1 ^7 w. @+ R) n
33. Fraternization
" F! U/ E! @ `& ] 34. Vigils
9 D. q) ^( W B: m
/ R Y. c7 v, JDrama and Music
9 ~- _. i& J5 j* H7 X, O 35. Humorous skits and pranks- D7 Z; a, o. K$ H) }- I7 J' P
36. Performances of plays and music. U& x; u# c2 A! F
37. Singing
q3 V( z; A/ B0 m
' p3 \1 u; h" Q! U7 L5 f( jProcessions
, }! p( Z& \! S, A# i 38. Marches
; j' M# |8 a) e6 O$ d+ H) Y" Z 39. Parades
X4 e0 Q7 M' g7 L2 ^( H 40. Religious processions% r y' h& @; M" a0 P" m1 w
41. Pilgrimages
- |# O2 s' q3 q9 l% U! e6 Q8 \ 42. Motorcades% w0 C$ L$ w& ]- c* H+ ?, M+ Q
# x7 \) h/ h) k6 p
Honoring the Dead
+ H# \6 B$ ~6 ?0 f. q6 C; H 43. Political mourning( ^7 b2 ^+ V f9 x
44. Mock funerals: U _& p6 I* g) d6 ?
45. Demonstrative funerals" T; h0 E) u+ T, a1 I4 t8 p' U+ e
46. Homage at burial places* I9 ? t- q6 G5 |* y" y; E) Q2 ?
% O4 j9 R7 d9 o, i: O2 J. aPublic Assemblies
# l8 o0 X" V8 K' } 47. Assemblies of protest or support- F. Y5 p* w( q" z
48. Protest meetings
7 h% n0 L9 y% v$ x5 o7 L9 T 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) m1 a; o( S9 |6 T9 [( ^ 50. Teach-ins
3 Z1 G8 `7 Q6 a. g
, M( C I+ A+ }Withdrawal and Renunciation; z* y& I! E3 v
51. Walk-outs
- g# { H5 Q( n9 W0 | 52. Silence" ]5 S1 z$ F6 n
53. Renouncing honors
* A" G7 _: q4 q; B4 a0 Q 54. Turning one’s back
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3 c2 g! ]& i: x% O) Z
! D; Q3 N+ J6 R. \6 O: ~7 l+ t" ^* a) MTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ H: _7 L; |' L i; w- C+ r
9 H/ ?+ p/ x3 W3 ?5 [
+ q6 J& D2 M4 R$ K: _: O
) }6 l( k* d2 ]; r; A1 e) m7 uOstracism of Persons" {. Z+ z, D( F- c) ]
55. Social boycott: l% d- I6 W* \5 q. D
56. Selective social boycott3 C( ~8 F5 d+ s- s ^0 A# p( l
57. Lysistratic nonaction
S- O3 T2 _& U' _* \- E( N 58. Excommunication
9 [( \. e( c- f; x6 B 59. Interdict
' Y9 D) Z% a& M1 T% C6 i; d) F7 S
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" [( |3 w4 F. x- V7 i+ i6 y- k 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 C3 I6 {% O7 U1 T8 o 61. Boycott of social affairs
% A v% ?8 h$ l5 z$ x' A7 \2 A 62. Student strike
! } n: h3 k& C) \' T" V 63. Social disobedience
- x& b) a9 b4 m, l8 S 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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2 ?4 w: R1 l4 Q G! tWithdrawal from the Social System
O# C9 B6 X# y4 X* T 65. Stay-at-home5 y' T x, b7 D# x+ \
66. Total personal noncooperation
: _, j' k ?2 Q% r, W/ E2 Z 67. “Flight” of workers0 `( `9 f* Q" |0 Z
68. Sanctuary
! W& ?! j1 A9 @7 q4 O 69. Collective disappearance2 \6 {2 K' h7 b n2 F, s9 `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 g; Y3 a. a- A
: i, `5 g! u3 Z1 v- F # {3 f+ J) F" u
4 K& Z6 G9 q q7 G. B G: D
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ _* x- A1 F" j- \
`4 m( W) n' h8 @! ?0 q5 E2 ? 5 Y ^8 i8 O; F) Y+ c
Actions by Consumers* S( r1 \6 \1 J/ W
71. Consumers’ boycott
$ k; J. F' j7 a 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( [3 D( e- P( E' l
73. Policy of austerity5 b3 J, f- a9 ~* o- p4 i
74. Rent withholding
2 x! k9 d9 b2 s4 d 75. Refusal to rent
6 f3 P- q9 q% W" w. F 76. National consumers’ boycott
) O- z! q) {- R t) x0 t& k 77. International consumers’ boycott7 e! ~) C5 ?; z/ T3 }1 u, r% c
9 p# h D( I5 I0 U
Action by Workers and Producers& E6 W2 D- L* |7 _
78. Workmen’s boycott* [- X0 C; \; M, F
79. Producers’ boycott0 N0 n& C" V7 {$ [: \. ~
8 D; T; v+ }! C& p
Action by Middlemen
5 h. F; {! n7 `1 C 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 R4 ? G" q0 k+ z v$ B9 h* c# {4 u, E
Action by Owners and Management
2 r5 W$ d3 E5 s* w4 { ~ 81. Traders’ boycott
- G% w2 E- x' F% S) s$ ~ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 s) T( N+ E6 S" E" p 83. Lockout
( ]0 H, a, E0 m. M( x3 K' { 84. Refusal of industrial assistance# _' b# H" v0 \1 N' y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 T5 a1 Y' e, k. k% {/ `
3 R9 V8 x0 O+ i5 x+ ]Action by Holders of Financial Resources
3 ]) n% ?5 C. l' H. _ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits _! A7 n/ Y6 q+ k0 O6 N [- i; g5 j
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 S2 f$ {# `" l% m3 x/ ^ t- c 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 S/ S7 d+ q* f. e4 K3 u9 _) b 89. Severance of funds and credit
' P( s5 W& ]+ _ 90. Revenue refusal
; j! G0 w- Q) I 91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 P% \: F7 _% V& f2 p, G
; V) H* K/ D0 }Action by Governments. ?6 Q x# d( e% A$ _! ~% u
92. Domestic embargo
2 h- |# h# J& v% H# b* b 93. Blacklisting of traders
( \* ~# e& G @ 94. International sellers’ embargo2 Z. K, ~# o- D0 K8 _
95. International buyers’ embargo* E! n: f8 {4 ~" X) ~' U% O1 g
96. International trade embargo
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# `# }; V2 y) h1 nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: g6 ]. d3 M1 |8 }0 Y& I: k& g4 V+ w
7 H" M& H/ a1 ], ~/ f/ u; U: J 2 r2 L, {1 I6 \$ E* q
Symbolic Strikes+ `; P5 [+ W3 r6 A: m2 \- F3 A
97. Protest strike
+ ?. G! i4 {) G0 }2 Q4 K 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- b7 a8 [# y1 |7 C: C! r
+ g8 O6 F v% k
Agricultural Strikes
. z/ R1 v2 ]: b0 V 99. Peasant strike1 d: l" T+ k/ K6 ~2 I5 ~
100. Farm Workers’ strike! Z8 {3 E, O! C/ R2 A; J
5 `' g- @7 f( b* N2 O. K* HStrikes by Special Groups
6 Z& e+ p# A x7 S 101. Refusal of impressed labor- |) n0 U! k; I/ E2 q2 a
102. Prisoners’ strike. g8 ` O; q7 q" `- q9 e
103. Craft strike
4 Z- m) h& }6 c# i 104. Professional strike6 N5 R- ]0 Y' J0 n6 v
. n( S% N1 M4 A- ^
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
8 O; P5 F5 N( j4 p. E5 r2 b 105. Establishment strike
3 G G F$ r( J& G5 Z/ T+ b/ A+ |6 m 106. Industry strike- f- H# W8 T: p$ j7 v9 Y' u% w. n
107. Sympathetic strike
( u# ^7 t& z) x! N! m% @5 f/ S2 k
5 h0 R7 r* W( g9 p! |: g& x6 o. a1 CRestricted Strikes
+ [' K* }. ^3 h 108. Detailed strike, S8 X' Q* R, U, J7 s' p+ Q
109. Bumper strike% ^( Z o8 k- [+ R3 j8 r: A- {
110. Slowdown strike
0 c2 b* b* ~2 [ 111. Working-to-rule strike
7 g9 l9 a- M$ W1 z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 [, ~/ \) k6 g7 B3 d5 z 113. Strike by resignation
% j5 C2 z. z2 N6 ? 114. Limited strike( Y0 R! T e" U: }& V4 z2 ]
115. Selective strike& e2 D- i% ^7 ~0 b% m. U* I6 g
! q1 o- S; W+ T3 Q3 g6 vMulti-Industry Strikes+ H/ Y B, p& j' G
* V: l3 q. D5 o8 O# }( H0 _8 m, s
116. Generalized strike/ P1 f. ^$ L9 a. H+ s
# p S2 I. u9 v
117. General strike5 d4 z& n7 }, G/ Y$ ^* I
$ N. N6 |, l# M) X
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: l- n4 O4 r0 f" Z _0 X/ k) F
# Q; N0 ^# q" ]5 c4 e' y4 d# f 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown# X6 t6 ^* s6 b. Q" N" x- U
! Z9 r* h/ S: H9 x1 ]3 ^
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$ B: H, D8 j6 u+ m
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority. o9 P6 y- f6 o% ^+ i
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% d+ h; H$ h: }+ }5 s2 ^
121. Refusal of public support c4 Y- @) u/ u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% F0 {+ E) F1 e: B, z4 d+ A4 ?
8 c* v i* @3 U$ O, x2 [" dCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government- ~& u9 {" x* W
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 |+ m" _$ D/ P' N- W$ H: j 124. Boycott of elections9 C# ~- C0 Q+ }! A
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. D. H ]5 K N; y4 k* W6 t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% [0 @0 l P# f; E" Y: _+ U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# b0 [0 \. Z: o/ n- t 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 A& b7 F0 ^. D+ x 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 ? h2 Q2 J0 ] 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 P; ~+ ~; c! B: ?- t 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( `# I$ q( c }
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 t0 l* C; n8 X n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 x$ O+ I1 _! V+ d$ H/ G/ n 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& ^) J7 f f0 H) f. i- F8 N* }2 |
135. Popular nonobedience3 _1 A. G( j8 {4 x
136. Disguised disobedience, E) N2 L+ ]' d/ i8 ~
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ R0 ]8 m% w* d- N) m T 138. Sitdown8 t% w5 e3 B% q( ^5 \1 t/ t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! V, ?& h0 b" o* Q% F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# V+ n( d6 x# r6 A r 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 A; F% e7 z" @) b5 P
2 {+ y s$ J6 CAction by Government Personnel8 m; V+ T2 Y! j3 e
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 @4 j p5 b) N8 A$ j) v 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ @9 Z8 q: Y8 A* G6 \" G9 y 144. Stalling and obstruction
' G( t3 I$ G" U! ~1 s( U 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 M8 g) y( y( \6 H: a0 B/ X2 K! Y) L% ]2 y: g- U) `, B
146. Judicial noncooperation
5 h+ r8 h4 p$ ^- m# A" n 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 C( c7 n' }, o2 ~7 P( f7 b6 U' N
148. Mutiny
* p& x; J( ~" QDomestic Governmental Action; q& D' ?2 @& s' |/ d* |
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 J5 j6 E* {3 L0 n 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ U l7 x+ j% J! C7 n9 n1 P6 Z
+ | Q# B% j( \+ `4 r. V
International Governmental Action
; t1 K3 a! f8 t# G# R 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# E' T7 l1 T8 F3 P0 B3 R" a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# ~2 H5 B: Z" H9 c 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- b( u9 X1 d1 i' ]0 x' \ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations& `% [, E: j" W4 n$ @) y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% z& m" Y- r! s/ O( W
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
: s! i/ U9 c- q0 v _ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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/ z. z1 z4 b) C6 J* [5 w/ |! N, m7 u2 C: h L0 x% b ~
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: q% m( \' m+ a; e6 q6 k b3 W
$ H! [" C3 i4 w$ T' y3 D+ [
; M* m( Y# m5 _0 ?7 V# z6 L: qPsychological Intervention) |: F$ W& L3 R1 Z/ \5 o7 n6 y
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 Y8 H$ V1 ^3 v+ f% W' j 159. The fast
1 j/ N" N) _: F. O" i ^, I i. C a) Fast of moral pressure9 r; F5 a0 B/ C7 v* D6 F% E( G
b) Hunger strike
* b( v+ j9 r1 [4 w3 Z, `8 {/ p c) Satyagrahic fast
1 T# e) d4 s) ~$ |, N5 Z- g 160. Reverse trial$ N* L! t% \# i# I5 i
161. Nonviolent harassment
: L8 i j+ v) Z2 E0 q
( @7 V( N- C4 Q: o0 |Physical Intervention/ l4 O- w/ H) D0 B
162. Sit-in
! t! X" C4 x- |2 M 163. Stand-in
/ J7 k, @3 o# \: r( ~- @: ] 164. Ride-in" x: v6 U7 B6 A) ]" c, Y
165. Wade-in6 F0 ^9 W& w; k" W: R1 g
166. Mill-in& s, x! O" B' e- S
167. Pray-in: I& _4 i+ |" D0 k) v% @
168. Nonviolent raids. l4 Z ^! |" O* A
169. Nonviolent air raids; V7 A, F0 ? {$ u! \
170. Nonviolent invasion9 L: f2 I4 f) Q1 h" [7 z
171. Nonviolent interjection
+ m8 D1 G ~: a% m 172. Nonviolent obstruction; K! \( F( R" Q! P6 |2 g
173. Nonviolent occupation
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/ K5 A |4 @" l$ dSocial Intervention
, Z; U+ h2 R# X% r4 e8 l6 _ 174. Establishing new social patterns4 Q/ w4 ]( C" b9 ]" f5 N( ^/ R: \
175. Overloading of facilities
# P {4 I5 O; ]' D1 q) j 176. Stall-in' p) k( E% n0 W0 ?6 l' j7 `
177. Speak-in% T1 \# v' B8 Z1 N6 z
178. Guerrilla theater
4 g J+ q; C8 c0 `0 y, R 179. Alternative social institutions: j4 O/ m) A2 `* z% e
180. Alternative communication system
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! u4 N7 O, o, e' j g1 v$ V1 y' ?Economic Intervention
! i6 W6 q' r4 S% @0 C, d 181. Reverse strike9 n" S% Q' y/ @1 D7 V6 x
182. Stay-in strike, @$ d6 Z* J$ L, W% p
183. Nonviolent land seizure e6 B! J. z2 D& g- x' S: s
184. Defiance of blockades, c* J1 T) N: W/ M
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* C5 J& U# s, }7 W5 I( A0 k" S( V7 C# t$ Z
186. Preclusive purchasing: R* \: K/ ~$ b. E4 F
187. Seizure of assets
% `5 \2 I2 L+ }- o5 B, [& w' w 188. Dumping9 t1 q( v5 N% T9 j q: R2 a! b
189. Selective patronage
. Q3 T" J3 W! z% S( `' l( ~. C4 ^ 190. Alternative markets
7 Z$ z+ q, l2 b* T 191. Alternative transportation systems
: _8 t( |2 j+ J8 l 192. Alternative economic institutions" x( N6 H) v" ^" R+ C( q
$ P$ y# v. J: w. W9 f5 A4 ?, W
Political Intervention
' b" x9 k& @3 G& h. C7 b- j9 i 193. Overloading of administrative systems8 I1 ]2 `$ \) @+ I0 u" k
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* b" Z! H6 W- a
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 C5 Y% I% }4 y8 M; x: a 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 T. k$ T; N, ]( I0 _( H4 h: T
197. Work-on without collaboration
6 }. q+ [! p7 E# u2 D! R 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
