 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ U. d( Z8 Y1 t6 P
Formal Statements
3 r4 L: N# Z& v( I: j 1. Public Speeches
5 E( G* {* R+ K# w2 Q 2. Letters of opposition or support. J( T- H. R/ q- x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. R/ D& G5 {1 V( t
4. Signed public statements
; h$ A3 _1 g% K( i6 ^2 Z! s2 C 5. Declarations of indictment and intention. f8 h6 U7 T* H! G4 p2 Z9 e
6. Group or mass petitions
3 a# {6 z+ ^' C- y
b B0 {7 G9 PCommunications with a Wider Audience
" n% {4 s$ p( i9 c3 v 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 @; H0 P1 {4 Q/ H* r
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, R! b N+ A4 M& v7 H9 l- m
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ B9 A2 w) C o' j" V
10. Newspapers and journals
. ]+ S3 s1 m- S" z2 c9 {* U' _6 L 11. Records, radio, and television1 ^. q6 K2 X, Z
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 B K$ m& J% D2 w: v2 Z" b$ x
1 s) g5 I8 {% M9 s2 {
Group Representations
6 ^/ l& N M4 S( e( i- @2 C 13. Deputations
- Y0 l" k9 q) d2 O) s1 e 14. Mock awards
: g$ b$ t" i1 ^! X4 n 15. Group lobbying
8 P8 {5 s/ R: ^& d 16. Picketing
; q/ Z3 b3 J* L) V T7 R 17. Mock elections+ a+ y+ [1 K* d7 V, {( o
|+ i# k( k; }9 X. i: B- B6 vSymbolic Public Acts# H. h! ~) Q6 M- G) M) l
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 ]* K# J+ h+ C7 ]1 z1 C$ U y& s
19. Wearing of symbols" t" @+ C: J# g/ M7 G4 @& K H3 ?" @
20. Prayer and worship
- [+ F" }/ B; y q+ y 21. Delivering symbolic objects. O' u( `! U! y# o( I" e. z
22. Protest disrobings5 Q- `9 E( \: B
23. Destruction of own property% O/ u0 U# q, g% @
24. Symbolic lights
, h" W9 l4 h. P* _" h% Y2 @1 R3 }: q 25. Displays of portraits
3 o' z, |5 G. J- Q7 S; S 26. Paint as protest
( B$ D3 C" z3 Q! W7 X 27. New signs and names% e0 E2 L' n) S
28. Symbolic sounds' q, O$ E2 ]. v j
29. Symbolic reclamations/ a1 x1 o$ D0 P6 U
30. Rude gestures. t8 z) k8 @2 g5 r: Q
3 r+ T8 o" d; F4 j. x
Pressures on Individuals
7 a9 R& o: d- G+ v) a 31. “Haunting” officials
! T) {6 x$ y0 U% Z7 B& s 32. Taunting officials
2 z3 O. N2 w9 z& [+ Q% s 33. Fraternization
$ |, n& J1 i7 G9 t* B8 W# w 34. Vigils' i' j% m2 v% s
+ i' n5 Z4 P8 Y# O* P. t
Drama and Music
& a) f* W t( p& r3 j0 C4 R 35. Humorous skits and pranks1 r7 y, e. n* l0 g. H0 m
36. Performances of plays and music
$ |" b1 I, C* @* ?. ? 37. Singing
/ N8 Z! ^: {9 N6 j# r. ~6 \
5 I. O; n) v3 B8 K; [ m9 q5 qProcessions/ \3 X8 f7 f* h- u
38. Marches: |3 g9 N) x& [9 A: c$ A' B
39. Parades5 ^8 f, P# ^9 C( P3 G
40. Religious processions7 R3 t3 R% i& O9 U+ d
41. Pilgrimages
. X, l, \- R' m2 ]& D) x 42. Motorcades% c0 U- Y6 q$ I
% E0 V# o8 S, Z% L3 q& U7 @( W7 Q0 c. sHonoring the Dead
' h' z9 e9 ?0 O* O 43. Political mourning) ]( r% M6 f/ ~% W9 v5 c
44. Mock funerals
% G* I# S; V1 ] 45. Demonstrative funerals. \0 ]3 v7 ^7 N6 P* G
46. Homage at burial places$ } P% k" Y! r& w, u) p9 t
& [. H' {7 q2 k7 _
Public Assemblies& a; S6 ?) q( @% l3 H" n. r
47. Assemblies of protest or support1 e9 {" [0 j# q0 D
48. Protest meetings+ F- Y' P7 [# e7 [) b0 F( ?# P* m
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 `3 ?( x! @& ?7 t) u7 x7 b1 j( p6 M1 M 50. Teach-ins
7 m" _* [1 L" f3 f- X/ g4 K; H1 i! d( J0 v9 Y
Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 k! J" }+ B, @8 q, B4 [* N/ b 51. Walk-outs) T! |9 Y- W8 v
52. Silence! k+ c5 J; r7 f |, P
53. Renouncing honors8 Q5 v7 }3 K" L9 u* v" @/ e! [
54. Turning one’s back
9 F7 P- S( B2 J" M2 W% P
. ?1 Y ?7 a" t - w2 @4 [" i( [; I* T5 V
5 {& J* _/ ?* O2 ~THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! }, l2 e9 x9 Q. l4 x0 D
S/ J" f: L. g$ g/ A" u
! P& O: G6 _" _$ l. c* G$ h- u4 Y6 w1 s8 n, R
Ostracism of Persons
$ A; ]$ C3 M+ i+ w& o 55. Social boycott
. ]7 e; M& Z+ N; g% y$ @5 M 56. Selective social boycott1 O0 V. z1 s; j6 R& n
57. Lysistratic nonaction Q W% ^, V5 F; s
58. Excommunication, i- j% D3 F6 _) b
59. Interdict
% r. G9 A- F' P; q
6 {$ u! e( U8 b8 I$ f' ]8 b: ?6 xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* @+ n; Y5 ~' J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities2 @6 d7 h! N; N' g- o' s" b
61. Boycott of social affairs
! j' o/ \& B5 w. [. ? 62. Student strike
+ b) G0 e8 }2 R2 _) ]" U 63. Social disobedience
+ K1 K' z" L/ i 64. Withdrawal from social institutions. e% B+ b) U/ z6 t. j
+ C( h% {/ G; B# _# P b- {; w
Withdrawal from the Social System# t5 ] R- y6 @+ f q% u. O* F
65. Stay-at-home* \4 ]; D+ A4 }% K) N2 r
66. Total personal noncooperation' U/ X' n; v( r% W" \+ m0 J. \
67. “Flight” of workers" V2 t/ D0 O6 c! K* p
68. Sanctuary4 u* q/ X n5 \6 P1 t* D
69. Collective disappearance; [: J3 f" L9 ]' @4 D N
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 B& Y" D$ E) f# B0 t4 A" }7 Q
& a, F: R' R6 q/ |3 g
* Z4 r8 H0 S) M3 o& I6 W3 ?' U
) D$ B4 t) b/ H/ D* z5 n' iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 s$ t) z5 a$ {0 O
2 P ]* {- l" T' F) i
- f( ?4 L* x7 {0 H3 p$ F4 UActions by Consumers
5 n) O7 d7 l/ h$ C 71. Consumers’ boycott
- w4 `; G$ w; B8 n2 m3 z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ Z+ }/ h7 }5 O7 t. p) n 73. Policy of austerity1 i( f% a$ z6 N! T! y' `9 p
74. Rent withholding% W( y, Z- J6 S. A( C4 v: `
75. Refusal to rent2 G# |( w+ W) z; @1 Z
76. National consumers’ boycott! Z6 _+ p' ~. l) n
77. International consumers’ boycott
$ `4 S8 x# m: O9 }" i8 c& Q" A: O' q$ ^! m( X6 [
Action by Workers and Producers! j- f8 j2 Y( U2 _1 r) j. D; V* `
78. Workmen’s boycott, G3 F ]0 r2 M
79. Producers’ boycott
3 t- u7 N% A, K% Z0 d+ c9 _
0 N( g: I; Z& r) o* K% J4 iAction by Middlemen9 l& J! \& |& y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 Z4 ]( B% K1 w7 k, ^
3 Z& w. ^" P7 _" U v$ ]Action by Owners and Management. o, ^3 E5 w# ], t4 B, {
81. Traders’ boycott
# b9 M0 M* v5 g 82. Refusal to let or sell property" ?8 b+ R4 b4 @
83. Lockout- I- M& k+ u/ V7 J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 [8 k1 L, G3 I3 v& U$ l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 o5 a! A6 t3 C) x) A: U7 f1 V; K# l# U8 [) a; t
Action by Holders of Financial Resources' W- W w7 O) e2 g1 n1 y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, w$ ^" [1 Q [1 r& r/ w5 I3 p
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
T) T+ m9 m" ?9 d6 X+ X4 } 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ m6 b& r8 a8 z0 C$ ~
89. Severance of funds and credit
# ~6 \" t% Y" N7 Z4 U: W' x 90. Revenue refusal0 Q9 ^/ Z3 M! b' c1 M& _1 o4 {
91. Refusal of a government’s money" X7 }$ g7 s% Z3 B. D/ g
- |4 A1 x$ k$ H7 ^( _! e
Action by Governments9 P+ L ?' q8 C' p: x! B9 |3 M& U- ~
92. Domestic embargo0 ^) V; ^# H9 [( K; c2 L
93. Blacklisting of traders. L' A ]: D u3 G
94. International sellers’ embargo4 {, U# {& \2 _1 C# w
95. International buyers’ embargo
* ^$ b- q# L' j- g) H 96. International trade embargo
- ]6 ~6 b8 x5 h) v) m( w
# F* Y* s* [# A8 ]* m+ E1 X % Y) Q- X' ]7 U, P
7 _! a& a- X5 d" j. M( Z* J
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
" m0 t3 K8 }- l3 V, c) |$ l
1 q& i+ ]( k- p' {1 x
) l6 n* B w% ~" I0 a5 XSymbolic Strikes4 E. n! A1 f2 |4 @
97. Protest strike* y, L1 o) i$ q5 c$ b2 x
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% e& L* b9 C; A: d
! S8 x: [1 \: \6 _& C" NAgricultural Strikes' m2 B6 z1 b! _, y, l6 \
99. Peasant strike& |; M1 d% Z& D6 @8 v- }8 B, p
100. Farm Workers’ strike
- T8 o; t v; N+ k* a* U
% K3 Y2 `! K# HStrikes by Special Groups. n N1 E# }7 N8 a, ^$ {6 J* v
101. Refusal of impressed labor- {6 b; Q' A! \/ M1 p- v
102. Prisoners’ strike
" O; B8 P$ }" z$ k 103. Craft strike- ?& E. X. M/ F0 X' X# c* `# n2 u
104. Professional strike
- ~$ x! s, o5 L) ?1 {& A& ]
1 d- Q+ g9 o* r, `5 f3 ROrdinary Industrial Strikes1 A; U( w9 ~- ]( t* @# ~' L! u2 s
105. Establishment strike
/ h5 c4 @- x! q5 k- M/ X 106. Industry strike
' i! U) B3 ]; Z, n. O- q 107. Sympathetic strike
; j. [6 Y8 V! J" Q+ j0 w9 x7 O9 q7 w0 c* r+ S- b; ^
Restricted Strikes. {) g+ g0 M0 {# g' H" P5 b, Y. ~
108. Detailed strike8 m/ ^' P: q" O5 L$ q4 i7 g+ U
109. Bumper strike4 q# Z: r( d* ?. g
110. Slowdown strike1 Y- n: b! r; h3 {7 f9 Q+ [( U# e
111. Working-to-rule strike- s8 X+ I8 R. e ] A6 g
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 _3 n& V+ t3 a1 _1 h; ~ 113. Strike by resignation
- d$ `4 c2 C5 Y J 114. Limited strike
0 b6 @ O' z. f- j8 n 115. Selective strike, z- D- w. D C$ Q) n: B
& z& l" c- i; ~# W7 c
Multi-Industry Strikes
: }1 |6 X3 p$ T; T
7 R o7 Y7 E, P/ ?* B 116. Generalized strike5 a0 z( [7 c, z6 L# I9 ^
7 r) ?! E% P8 F9 Y 117. General strike! l6 e: x: y9 a# M$ q! ~' R" s
/ u3 P1 f* @! l6 N2 g0 t. ~3 A
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& N! e- Y- u4 m; s
% J% f) X, D# L 118. Hartal
5 R& }1 G4 r! i: g& x- D) @% K( v7 l( D4 z0 d1 Q7 O3 i
119. Economic shutdown
: i' j" q; A9 X
; k: r& L1 ^7 g- c& ^! @1 ] . j4 T% Q b) @5 S9 }0 K
" X/ Q0 V' [9 t3 L6 P
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
- [$ r0 h+ R; C, r2 z1 |1 P
/ k$ _* Y, F% `9 }. k' a
$ q0 B3 s5 {- l% c& l7 b: d9 z4 ^Rejection of Authority
; }2 |6 @9 J/ z5 D 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance [/ @" P# Q) _$ @! f9 A& u1 I
121. Refusal of public support7 ?. o, a5 C! h6 @4 W: B+ K, {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance* C: G* ~! ^1 |+ {# X+ U4 I
* z! c5 ]. L1 @2 D) |1 tCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. T" E8 l7 P, e" m$ S 123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 n( q3 ^9 T% D8 _
124. Boycott of elections
$ C0 j7 D3 M2 U3 [5 Y' c& E 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 X4 d2 E: k* u% L( \& q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 \! |" k. {1 T/ A3 t( P 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ q( O5 l$ j) K! X; i 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( s, C+ O, V; P' T2 y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 E' E( d. B& W' i- [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 h. e6 P# B o
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) ^* m% G% r, S9 o; o7 N/ ] 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions B9 H6 D' F1 s, p4 A. A: Q5 M+ F8 | L
) Z. W/ }. B( f( ?' O3 \3 M
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! o$ V) R" M: q2 x 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) k" j' X" S/ ^/ }( |+ m
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 V8 f6 t; n2 J; ?
135. Popular nonobedience! q3 o+ T5 ]8 q& ]4 H
136. Disguised disobedience
3 q- i4 |! E" r( N5 {* b 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse; S0 j& e/ [" h. @
138. Sitdown; g5 S+ b1 @7 @5 L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ _% ~) e: ~1 C$ j/ X; k 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
% G6 P6 u' P0 r8 _" h/ } 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws. y5 e# a4 @; h0 b& V
7 F5 k8 y5 C: H0 wAction by Government Personnel
7 ^' ~: L% `( \' b 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 }9 c$ j ~- Z1 { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
- V' S/ U9 X5 D$ n7 n: I( @ 144. Stalling and obstruction1 x- q- E) N3 e1 w9 Y2 Q7 z
145. General administrative noncooperation7 D5 h. o, ?6 L/ K1 M2 }( c
3 ?) d0 U% t+ Q: U5 G- h
146. Judicial noncooperation
! |1 e" D$ }& `, J5 y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 L5 w7 i' {9 T8 ^4 w) V9 P
148. Mutiny# c+ ]& R" o4 X$ h! k
Domestic Governmental Action
9 G; L) l/ {1 i8 Y9 Y% G 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" a0 p T# A& k6 @: m6 `7 K, E
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ ~2 Z4 g) g! B2 \
}6 e8 d+ [+ a$ k& n! }International Governmental Action- ^1 H0 g7 P' V& C" s
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' J8 O' e0 N' Z: D1 n6 U+ ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ C/ Q9 V+ P) P- x$ e3 x
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ M# ]$ e$ T. u0 t: s
154. Severance of diplomatic relations, Q U# M' n* M" k2 n _5 S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 l1 G, _4 I6 V- d7 X: K/ \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
& A$ h' I; W( b. ^* P2 \ V# Y 157. Expulsion from international organizations
/ [. I' X2 U# A9 ]+ z6 l4 B3 |% r( {6 y
& ` \! G, E9 F, W6 j7 `0 d0 {+ b6 x& u" f8 u) e6 i
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
% ^. j( ~' z R
) w1 A7 l5 d: A) h, V& `
T/ r9 {5 U% {% N) t! h, HPsychological Intervention
0 q) T- n# r5 X: ^( b" E R2 r 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( o3 `! C+ |3 \ 159. The fast
) x) Q l; Q g& ` a) Fast of moral pressure
4 {0 Q- m; ^0 S4 c b) Hunger strike
& P; P3 f" j+ U! D/ O c) Satyagrahic fast l9 Q9 p( H% D1 @; M% _
160. Reverse trial
$ _5 z) H; Y4 T" B+ }4 W7 I* B 161. Nonviolent harassment+ {; R$ R+ P5 a. P: J$ M
/ O1 }# ^9 _% V5 ^+ E. jPhysical Intervention8 v8 R+ ~# ^8 e0 t% x
162. Sit-in
* `" C ?( K8 h& p4 y6 D 163. Stand-in
1 \1 U" d$ I x; }& v' ?' a 164. Ride-in: g1 V1 V4 z0 _; f4 ?- o# P
165. Wade-in
7 |' x) {) h: {" X$ }4 A n 166. Mill-in
6 ^+ P; `+ \. Z6 \) t9 h5 n 167. Pray-in- f# M& z w$ t+ C# M
168. Nonviolent raids
' |- m6 L# B+ i8 L! \' N C3 M' q 169. Nonviolent air raids
' a7 ]4 p6 k9 w# B- w' }& p9 ]% a 170. Nonviolent invasion
2 N8 O( U' G) g. S& o 171. Nonviolent interjection
$ U# y7 m! ]. q6 k1 q6 j 172. Nonviolent obstruction% ]/ C/ v4 k+ O# D& ?. P: R
173. Nonviolent occupation% ` Z+ G2 ~& u+ Z4 h* N5 ~
* }, y, Q5 a6 G3 D5 l' N& X* sSocial Intervention; N* v8 E0 [/ d5 ?( k/ n
174. Establishing new social patterns
- X$ s' j$ P" X+ m2 ^9 G 175. Overloading of facilities8 f" B9 o4 b6 a. k$ {
176. Stall-in
& x8 r9 V: B! ^: Y 177. Speak-in
6 d1 Q) B* G; C3 a9 I% F- { 178. Guerrilla theater2 z' Z2 X, z. p0 o8 `1 \/ [1 c' z
179. Alternative social institutions u. i) `) u+ N
180. Alternative communication system
! t) r; n( C$ B' ]6 y
a* Q# x. n/ G7 n% yEconomic Intervention
3 N/ ]5 Z! p4 W7 W! P 181. Reverse strike6 n3 ~- d2 o4 A# E) s# K
182. Stay-in strike9 E1 f/ t, V1 z: p
183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 G) i9 y2 N: \2 L4 N5 ]* q 184. Defiance of blockades
- d9 r6 H( \8 r" d6 ]# a* w 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# E1 T3 v; a' V; }: Q/ w3 g 186. Preclusive purchasing2 b6 ^8 V; W- X4 O3 b s& d+ G
187. Seizure of assets
: E$ P' V4 d9 z( w$ a: [* g 188. Dumping
, q, L4 ^& a* E9 L, U, l" ] 189. Selective patronage' }! t% J% [: T) d& m' F0 v# o
190. Alternative markets
, Y2 t8 G5 D" `4 J4 T: } 191. Alternative transportation systems% h2 D8 a* H( \" O
192. Alternative economic institutions
# [+ ^; s: N0 {& i+ L! I2 V6 K$ l- v, p
Political Intervention
E" c/ K/ |% u% [% `5 v" K 193. Overloading of administrative systems( A, t( Y8 l: ]% h! b' c+ | c
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& X" Q$ r" b- t3 @; G 195. Seeking imprisonment- n; W) t4 Y. v" h0 J& z' _: }- n0 T
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# O2 M, d9 _8 T; T6 T0 l% K9 I
197. Work-on without collaboration
. c! a9 g1 i3 n% h. W& V6 J 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 m% h4 G. q4 O
7 X6 W: w% d1 m# y# R- g. ` |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
