 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 v0 ?* b$ X9 {2 ^3 i- \* |
Formal Statements) |' [/ p' |- b3 O% F7 Z
1. Public Speeches2 w$ Q" W' W) E
2. Letters of opposition or support& |5 N8 j* `" N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 d) I0 {! t. N0 B+ u 4. Signed public statements
; ? ]# \. _7 S9 \ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention* E) z! K( P+ T* `: r
6. Group or mass petitions
$ A* _* N, w& V* C
% H+ ~* \5 t) r2 kCommunications with a Wider Audience1 S3 u0 t& x8 [0 |3 z$ O8 F- o
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# }7 a V+ _5 O y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 l: d5 D; [6 s4 P+ g- v 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* p. _$ t3 x! b1 o4 P& Z) z f 10. Newspapers and journals
/ Q d) J7 Y9 Y9 | 11. Records, radio, and television+ i$ T6 O8 ?8 B
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ T' A. I& T9 J7 U
5 W- G' Q4 G. ^/ ]Group Representations
! d( ]' i. t! k: e 13. Deputations
2 d5 x) ~) [9 J' z9 V# G+ s 14. Mock awards" j$ ]! \' G+ W: I( Z1 X
15. Group lobbying3 s5 \. p4 }2 u; ?
16. Picketing
, q k g2 X: t 17. Mock elections# b$ N+ |$ e1 @
/ t1 d6 H7 }1 q) f( p8 y0 t- H8 hSymbolic Public Acts; e) N4 A& [* i* P& d% C. P
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 r* s! S7 C8 A% Q& o7 i' [
19. Wearing of symbols
9 T" [) v" {7 ?* C 20. Prayer and worship
K7 O' n8 j2 g( z' c2 X; b1 h- d 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 S' i6 H8 m% T4 D! }0 V 22. Protest disrobings
# Q1 n- u2 j4 l. F' Z 23. Destruction of own property
: D* Q5 [; S* F6 q 24. Symbolic lights
" Q4 h1 _5 ~; w' @: M9 M6 f 25. Displays of portraits
# ]2 W. f1 B8 S; W0 D! L, \ 26. Paint as protest5 t5 Q1 N" I) @' R
27. New signs and names
" v2 L0 n% X1 _) \4 f$ R8 b 28. Symbolic sounds) N1 `* X# s: `: o+ O( E
29. Symbolic reclamations
! o* c+ S8 s: T 30. Rude gestures
& [* p5 u3 q3 n I6 K7 Q
5 a% N1 A3 C' U& r% G! V/ oPressures on Individuals+ Z& H/ p) H" i0 X
31. “Haunting” officials
9 y2 N9 @6 X4 p1 X 32. Taunting officials
* D7 K U B. u% [2 X$ s 33. Fraternization+ ~4 p3 c; A& z$ t2 |5 j
34. Vigils
: N. ^! q# ?8 Y1 I0 I& S; I( w2 p7 b" g- |' L- R }2 ~3 h% Q0 _
Drama and Music
- H5 Z- E" ~! l( A- } 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 N5 O7 Y8 Q( M+ f( k/ s 36. Performances of plays and music. |3 }0 E. }, h1 a! c1 N: i* T
37. Singing
+ Y3 C/ Z2 O8 V( g+ B+ }7 H( T }- s1 i
Processions1 ^) L3 j: W' S9 F! ~8 @
38. Marches' C/ Q- k7 t! j2 g. ]3 }+ x
39. Parades) V7 R, Y" x; a, k
40. Religious processions N G8 V0 Y( b O5 p
41. Pilgrimages
' J+ i7 _2 O/ m3 w4 ?+ | 42. Motorcades3 M! J) I0 o1 I* L+ b6 ^ G
: z |7 k" M! e% n a& K$ ]Honoring the Dead. M$ g( n' L0 N* L" z2 E
43. Political mourning
3 @, L- {% b" D/ x1 c1 C) [ 44. Mock funerals, ~4 k0 i) t ?8 c8 _" o7 R
45. Demonstrative funerals
( @* ]: n# ~. k% y( [. }. S1 a 46. Homage at burial places
4 v7 P' M5 a& U; V2 F1 N4 B* f5 B; L3 T& Q2 c4 ^- o4 k& o
Public Assemblies) C' w. {: R5 ^3 X7 a, J
47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 X, {# ~- A. Z 48. Protest meetings
# G5 t% Y4 \' Y+ j) |1 L3 [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 I2 W& ^$ Z k9 H* D" y 50. Teach-ins
& ~0 G% Q' @% [* ^7 ~/ ~! u& s6 h f( t' H! C; P R; M& y7 N
Withdrawal and Renunciation" F6 E3 |5 M3 C8 V* |: T
51. Walk-outs8 o5 U4 H; X; d h' f+ @
52. Silence R- Y" a- S! S3 n! o
53. Renouncing honors
5 ^+ q: `% c+ Y; e+ N K 54. Turning one’s back+ h, ]5 c( O) w& a
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 F' S7 W1 F9 k/ v% m% ?4 O
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7 _$ u- B1 G7 r4 V R) Q9 m& a+ f* Q! I( S: o/ v j: Y
Ostracism of Persons$ y3 O1 E* ~" W0 d; Z
55. Social boycott2 |* R5 h' ?' C( [
56. Selective social boycott
& D1 `/ _& @9 u* N6 P; O) @4 i 57. Lysistratic nonaction! o; K3 f2 @" ^, R: v" h. j" b# j6 G
58. Excommunication8 Q( V/ @: P& g. M6 U
59. Interdict
6 G" n, C9 J# n% B, W, G7 ~* H6 b( D& Q/ H* x& x% ^. v
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, V6 ]. M1 N0 I- `
60. Suspension of social and sports activities" w& q& X5 z; l$ c2 G7 f
61. Boycott of social affairs
9 _9 |! G" h' C O 62. Student strike4 ]9 u8 d! ]/ v2 s/ o
63. Social disobedience( \, ]# V; m1 n3 G2 f
64. Withdrawal from social institutions A( \: _3 X0 i4 R
$ R0 N/ U% ^" [: B8 I( \& F
Withdrawal from the Social System( `: n* x% _5 D! K0 q
65. Stay-at-home; T7 ~* Y, r5 W/ A" Q
66. Total personal noncooperation- T. h! s' y; l N
67. “Flight” of workers
3 o- F2 M- T2 _/ j# B; p+ c 68. Sanctuary
6 U2 i* w; p6 {" a" w0 g; w. W 69. Collective disappearance) r* `" T) X2 P6 b9 G, {7 z# A
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ C+ r( c! o+ S9 w' g: D
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: }4 m; x: i' |+ }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers! F3 V, B& v/ s; C/ J! r; i
71. Consumers’ boycott
a3 I5 o- Z' }; x: R# [' I; y1 _ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 e/ `/ y2 g. i- _3 r/ t U
73. Policy of austerity. a/ G+ D* i* N* F0 x
74. Rent withholding
* }! K* U% h% L: e8 ]; m; ~) e 75. Refusal to rent8 d& M( ]" Z9 d+ A3 t
76. National consumers’ boycott/ n9 d* m# r; U' N6 ]
77. International consumers’ boycott
/ h) t1 ^/ q* }9 B) W5 e# k# b b( g3 j0 w7 I5 B+ f
Action by Workers and Producers0 r+ S. x" \3 P2 R1 E
78. Workmen’s boycott
2 R C4 T5 V) N+ a7 n' Z J' x 79. Producers’ boycott
6 n& i0 Q0 e9 `1 u# D# S" G; y% k
3 R2 p7 H* g& N7 UAction by Middlemen z, W: {6 \9 b4 g
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! m# A2 Q/ E9 v! s4 q$ h
( }2 [( R \ S: aAction by Owners and Management Z4 Y5 \2 d8 V! D
81. Traders’ boycott
% o! ~0 T! C3 h 82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 n0 f: o4 x* x4 |; i! G8 q 83. Lockout2 n; W5 \8 |, S
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- n7 F2 B7 [$ O- X# g 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 f( M- _9 c5 ?3 | i# S
: X3 l" ^- W y7 c# f' \9 Y- r. d5 J
Action by Holders of Financial Resources, C# ]/ b. J7 g, B7 N* T
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& j% s$ G8 w6 z6 d* r 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ T$ r! f/ K& d' d* x 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* p0 v! y1 T( T- x' p3 B
89. Severance of funds and credit
/ E; H+ X+ V4 K# L4 @ 90. Revenue refusal
8 J" `+ H/ _& [ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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5 E1 ]) i" f* d$ v8 h" M+ |$ gAction by Governments, v1 P; E+ U, A8 \
92. Domestic embargo3 G$ b! V( F4 W0 W- r/ K% n) ^( x
93. Blacklisting of traders2 E7 s- N" G- Z( T7 x
94. International sellers’ embargo$ d. R& c9 |9 L: c, Z6 A t
95. International buyers’ embargo
2 z1 r5 ]: p" K8 v 96. International trade embargo5 H* \& L2 ~+ K" T
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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4 X/ ` O; M0 X" Z' S' c* K
Symbolic Strikes
1 o( V9 R# q8 \- Q- T, \) _ 97. Protest strike- o$ A5 t3 L: ?" G9 j
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
/ z' f1 _+ ^: a! }7 w) ?7 j" }; @3 U M
Agricultural Strikes" A( m" @* Q$ c i/ W3 n/ f
99. Peasant strike1 v# x3 }9 z& K" k. i. B7 T
100. Farm Workers’ strike$ ~# t% A- Y) A6 E# Q" }
! S( H3 [3 u" T$ M4 v9 v
Strikes by Special Groups
3 q5 {+ Q5 T) M& T/ ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
e: D" k1 K+ f6 F% z' P 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ X* J: k- C% a( ^ 103. Craft strike; ~) Q3 t: Z8 K8 b. _% W
104. Professional strike
. p- T( W- }& e% y2 G% H
4 g( v. ^% t( u. F1 i& d5 @Ordinary Industrial Strikes
$ g$ j3 E! l( I, f$ ^5 l8 j8 N! a 105. Establishment strike
, e; U- A+ A5 c( N0 z 106. Industry strike5 o: W, C% @' m; U6 \7 N
107. Sympathetic strike9 ~; `# D! r6 J0 z9 U
7 i# c- h' \) v* {) T, Q( cRestricted Strikes! |& u7 t# Z$ a: I( V! B; z
108. Detailed strike
4 U9 ]8 \9 B- ^" g( Y6 \$ } 109. Bumper strike
1 k" S% l2 c+ V 110. Slowdown strike4 x0 ^9 @# }% P z+ k. T% K6 d/ E
111. Working-to-rule strike. t$ C1 R. u6 k$ C+ l3 b4 ^
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" p- r2 Y4 f$ k/ b5 z2 H$ \. Y 113. Strike by resignation
8 N \' E' k( r" T2 u' \& E7 C$ Z4 ] 114. Limited strike
) }5 |6 ]5 A" O! P$ m$ u 115. Selective strike
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z) x4 `2 v. u: Q5 n" G1 i! _Multi-Industry Strikes: Z- a8 L3 `( c4 p1 r0 m4 x
6 ]+ j7 w5 i" P; W
116. Generalized strike$ L2 l7 I) B* z8 u2 m6 J( r) H
+ n9 E9 D1 ? j3 j* T% p 117. General strike: K' I& l) N* ?( R
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures, M. g6 w4 h+ t- t8 X* |( `
. D5 E2 {( E$ E; X) Q 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown5 H- {- T; B$ h+ R+ M3 w4 K
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4 {9 h: m- m3 ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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* s8 C) O2 x1 M" X! b6 ARejection of Authority
: }, Y$ C" M$ ~ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* m0 Z& l0 `' n$ |( ^, }$ U 121. Refusal of public support
* Y8 ^, V9 X6 `# E) P/ \' u+ C 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( l/ R, i5 h. n$ f6 \5 W! ^$ x! \" K6 k8 E3 q% D
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 \9 v2 @; A) w3 \ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ H @& E# Z3 [" U3 _. e6 o1 Y 124. Boycott of elections% j+ l! O/ Y. [% J# D; C1 t
125. Boycott of government employment and positions' a5 N: s+ p8 Q0 O! B
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" G" z& ]5 z; \5 N
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ A2 N$ Q7 j, g; S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: X% z( m* r# V4 B% b: R 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ J3 J. D+ c# p8 Y3 ?( |
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- e& B* D$ ?7 ?8 A3 [5 k
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. l; v9 n. b6 O9 e8 ^7 p
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( |7 \4 r$ @) [4 U' F0 J5 c" J k) t" ~. c1 y* J$ L. c
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 T0 N- m& T: H9 U 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. e- ?6 v8 D2 m, t( Q9 W G
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 m$ T; Q. a- a; V 135. Popular nonobedience2 C( u) `7 F4 P4 I
136. Disguised disobedience
+ \6 c1 f6 e! B1 r3 } 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" `, y M1 ]% I. D. o 138. Sitdown. v8 ]. E( @6 s( o
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 ?2 [# P: ^( H% N+ p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
R/ S$ D' b" d8 N& D7 ]6 ~7 o 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& q& Z" [4 u5 {" p9 L8 g+ [% ~" |' K
Action by Government Personnel4 Q; w9 D" O; `( h: V
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 z, d8 c! [% |4 k9 I; r V2 Q+ l 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 T0 F& l) {9 b& i5 n% ^* F 144. Stalling and obstruction
. { ]8 D4 s, h+ n# o 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 x, y. \$ U' P3 I; ~. {9 t8 c* n) ]" ?- H
146. Judicial noncooperation
% n4 z9 U! [) ^9 O5 z8 r( p 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) Z' V" d, U( Q
148. Mutiny
" X3 {( Q: Y) ]/ g2 ?# C, @Domestic Governmental Action( U _3 F) w! ^2 |, B7 @
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 b) F6 o* j7 w9 S' A# P- g! ] 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! m/ L2 v9 q4 {/ Y5 W
2 H* f7 q/ H7 L* Y) a& j$ C
International Governmental Action
& K: F$ e6 q( U. Y! O! s5 I 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: C$ a/ e* h( z" E4 C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ L$ k( P8 f; H t0 F* ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- J( _( m5 E# i' H. W/ U
154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 T( b2 J/ B2 K7 M& u! t ^+ o; x6 |8 M" Z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 {1 t& @3 M5 _# @2 x 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% M5 L, ]0 d& y4 A# p, ]/ O 157. Expulsion from international organizations
# X+ F2 F! P4 L" S% t
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3 H& ]4 e: o) KTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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@+ \: W h$ W4 oPsychological Intervention
) b( k8 b7 ^" ?& ], R1 B 158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 w. o; }# L& t+ k3 i 159. The fast
4 k+ p' a3 `. g a) Fast of moral pressure
! p9 P6 u4 m' {. P. Q( n7 B b) Hunger strike
: a- g( H8 o* @9 h, b c) Satyagrahic fast {0 W c/ ?2 C9 t2 z
160. Reverse trial' k+ H2 O5 {" m: W
161. Nonviolent harassment
( A8 p7 ~$ W( b7 Q. K% v. ~. w& j* R" v6 H2 d' T. {: N
Physical Intervention
# G+ a& w4 i2 j$ C8 I 162. Sit-in( a2 Z& x- l) u. ]. E9 D
163. Stand-in
# {6 m* s. d- T. D4 \6 l9 ] 164. Ride-in4 |# o1 O* }! \* D6 o: k x9 G
165. Wade-in b2 g8 o% k" s% M4 w: ?2 N
166. Mill-in- J7 P( ^3 y. W- }4 M2 {& n
167. Pray-in& l5 r: ?+ U6 a" n- ?5 C
168. Nonviolent raids
/ f% I" d1 A5 k( a. J( s; h; h' ? 169. Nonviolent air raids
. V- O4 l# F) Q z8 R( L- c& ?) j$ R 170. Nonviolent invasion/ }2 c* ]( {( e0 [2 k3 m) K
171. Nonviolent interjection
& S2 L+ O6 E4 U* v5 n 172. Nonviolent obstruction: k3 T7 a" t1 ] P1 O6 ~
173. Nonviolent occupation' I5 E. ~8 I1 |+ m5 Z0 m" V; ]) w
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Social Intervention! Q ^" k! C# w9 c5 h, f
174. Establishing new social patterns9 G# I4 q# m4 H0 `8 D
175. Overloading of facilities
* q6 l. e: p" M. p* k- L 176. Stall-in
0 Z2 [; B/ c: X5 w6 Q- h0 l 177. Speak-in
* B9 z7 r0 L/ X6 R2 \! Q1 ^5 c Y r4 c 178. Guerrilla theater
3 G) u1 {* m' r 179. Alternative social institutions/ S6 i5 `8 q1 Q( v1 n
180. Alternative communication system |8 u4 S) D! }9 a3 F
$ f3 m3 C' u9 _- ]
Economic Intervention
6 B( _& x. e) V" N, K' E! @: |# V 181. Reverse strike
: m3 q% V: x3 }1 p% O2 b. N 182. Stay-in strike
' w- r# T( Z! r/ Q, g 183. Nonviolent land seizure# |8 j' N4 N1 p$ P/ n
184. Defiance of blockades
$ o! ?3 N1 `1 A 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' b# c v3 G- F& }. O
186. Preclusive purchasing F' K$ a4 q" x
187. Seizure of assets3 E6 N- y+ V% {+ x! r& J
188. Dumping0 p- b* Q$ Q" ]( O
189. Selective patronage3 o/ U8 H1 ~8 t( @7 m$ ~
190. Alternative markets
7 F" v/ R: Z- u 191. Alternative transportation systems! \& M& b) @6 E
192. Alternative economic institutions
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7 Z2 L4 Y2 H0 d" S* U4 q$ ]2 LPolitical Intervention3 w$ c; l$ a$ v" i: f( [, E
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 B0 J/ ]+ x! P) }! f
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) ^( x2 C$ m* m; r 195. Seeking imprisonment
! I% P) W+ s4 ^' e, x: V$ [ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" X6 }6 Y( f) y. Z% B 197. Work-on without collaboration
Z5 ^0 L" h- k8 b5 { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
