 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; o9 [, b$ H0 s0 S o: U5 |9 y
Formal Statements% f( _) |) @7 n0 s% {2 E
1. Public Speeches
" d: f. Q( F G+ J3 Q- e A* m 2. Letters of opposition or support
- Z6 s9 v3 ]% c) L: | 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* v+ Y2 m7 }" s: w% J" P# M
4. Signed public statements
6 t+ V. Z S- D1 ~9 y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention" H& I# p) P. \. x& U
6. Group or mass petitions
# ^9 a1 E' l( S! ]& Z# k$ u) f0 R
Communications with a Wider Audience2 f2 A* W, u! H- n2 u; }. ^9 ?& f
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! F; y4 C ~& |4 x5 } 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 F$ I& g8 P4 O' @
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 c( o6 \) I$ t, o8 J: p$ c
10. Newspapers and journals
: Y4 {7 O. v1 @3 q 11. Records, radio, and television
2 Y# C. H! k8 o8 y7 @! r$ W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; @+ e, A* ?7 Q% ]2 R; B2 m9 }4 I
Group Representations0 Z7 G/ {% a6 \5 N% q- Z
13. Deputations
# \# N6 P* R: M$ V 14. Mock awards# s; h) N+ \% B2 Q; s% Y, ]
15. Group lobbying( p, Y' W4 @# t2 Y; T
16. Picketing! g& O, Q3 r) n
17. Mock elections; e$ @1 s# H& K# v
8 \6 R J0 U4 L1 y
Symbolic Public Acts
4 C1 Y& S- l, Q/ u2 p+ G6 V+ L$ s 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, n% }+ r0 z+ H
19. Wearing of symbols" {0 S6 g* A8 _# F2 d
20. Prayer and worship
4 n1 M7 V$ O0 S" l8 v7 ^3 Q 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. u$ A; N; o1 M4 W 22. Protest disrobings+ _0 `- m7 [; s. M7 R
23. Destruction of own property
! z& h) v2 k! o* J 24. Symbolic lights
( a# @! m. y% v) O- b- i 25. Displays of portraits$ K3 z5 D' A* q# n* q& B; G
26. Paint as protest
) ^9 u$ i- u) `/ K" e- N0 j6 W 27. New signs and names
. |; l. Y" j) b, Q( c6 v# S 28. Symbolic sounds; m( n) G, D' m7 b
29. Symbolic reclamations# R$ }; C8 _7 [) p: [1 w, E( ~
30. Rude gestures8 ]+ |5 K3 b8 E9 n
2 ~5 H' d( q- X6 H
Pressures on Individuals& H* y2 s4 G" y6 x8 V* W% _
31. “Haunting” officials) e: F% H1 i" w- i9 N9 x" c4 R
32. Taunting officials
0 [0 r+ b* {6 C2 ]2 M5 x/ G 33. Fraternization
& K" I& U5 T7 {# X. `# i* ?+ A. P1 R 34. Vigils
9 a4 q/ g; b1 e; _* I0 R- W* l. W8 @: c' U1 Y
Drama and Music+ Q. A, }9 M7 ]
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ v; f( Z4 m" @8 m$ |! n
36. Performances of plays and music+ C7 X) n, Q' T" W
37. Singing& K z+ I: w8 l( _; r* |
1 U- \3 ]! f) N z, x- K& w9 |/ o
Processions
, z7 |6 ]& @% i9 P 38. Marches
7 Q1 P- m! W! v8 Y5 O. U! u 39. Parades
- q7 E- d: j/ { 40. Religious processions9 S. Z; F% x: M% g# J
41. Pilgrimages% j: w2 x/ X) A
42. Motorcades4 A4 f8 X0 M" {0 z4 @$ E
- t: P6 `" \* Y1 j
Honoring the Dead
# c$ s) }3 p) B 43. Political mourning+ X+ C# s" Z( i) M# y
44. Mock funerals7 u0 J! S- Q2 |9 O
45. Demonstrative funerals9 W9 D7 P! W0 z
46. Homage at burial places
- T+ X' c+ |" O* z6 i; G7 n) q( N; ^4 E2 }- n& w9 |" C
Public Assemblies
% Q* g3 Y A7 E" G 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 e+ K9 O0 w9 C7 E X 48. Protest meetings
9 E8 {' t0 g# M. H2 A" } 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 _1 D, ^! ~( i) C- [6 P+ H 50. Teach-ins
; W+ L8 x5 L% \8 y0 p0 x }4 n& v
. T! i# |7 E$ R$ H- tWithdrawal and Renunciation- w: {, f1 U1 q1 m* v
51. Walk-outs6 `, s1 d) {# e1 o W
52. Silence
/ {) j5 q' Q0 H 53. Renouncing honors
4 X! h. s* {! r) z2 R' N 54. Turning one’s back
, N& F z+ g9 f5 k; I6 j% p% p* A2 E
3 [2 ]& { b! s) z; I
/ B5 }/ u+ B7 d$ m1 w0 @" @2 I% X. B# ]' A# T0 v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
k1 G+ G1 S4 [2 r4 A7 q
- W5 O. j# W( l9 g! B 7 e& Y9 g( `0 w4 F3 X2 v8 U
: ?( _* `3 B0 {. F* Z; \, e
Ostracism of Persons
$ z5 I9 H1 U( g2 V% q. [ 55. Social boycott5 W1 p7 c( c* Y- b5 W5 a
56. Selective social boycott
: A, K7 c7 z! j' Q! D9 Q 57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 c; Y: K& ^6 C- V d& W$ N 58. Excommunication$ E' }1 H0 D3 X
59. Interdict
) r9 G' y/ x9 G
5 {: T, Q; k$ mNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# I5 t4 Y) G2 h( h6 L, }* E. K 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 E: i* _, S, B& t 61. Boycott of social affairs
8 ?* A3 E( m4 h- c- y, ~ 62. Student strike
/ H3 D" F n& ^( d4 b 63. Social disobedience* O' |' T$ U+ c
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: }+ `7 }" ~, {+ o: v5 |
/ X! q: h' _. _: b! r( eWithdrawal from the Social System# p7 @3 X* q3 y( a8 D# s: Y1 U
65. Stay-at-home
* y. }' _( d+ y: u ^4 x5 n; w 66. Total personal noncooperation
. O6 @( C7 p, X/ K 67. “Flight” of workers+ ]+ `1 C6 ^* ^; f- j2 b- ~- Z
68. Sanctuary) \0 ^; \0 E/ g2 L+ b( U
69. Collective disappearance; f! t, w8 [- O- M9 C" Q1 M+ H; |& ~
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 Q0 F; t( F6 L. a
$ @9 v1 g( t% G. K9 e, O
" G4 X9 s1 P/ B
) Y; c! k6 e5 y+ R- N, B6 l; |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( ^- U0 V; x9 j2 w! Y
, T) K: J: I2 Z5 Z
+ {- u! G- B1 |8 f0 e
Actions by Consumers
8 v. C6 C: P5 _5 R" X/ F 71. Consumers’ boycott
/ H! m. \3 ?/ g 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. Q7 R s2 Z; E6 ?& i
73. Policy of austerity
! \! v, ^. b5 n7 z/ F 74. Rent withholding. ]/ L2 _! R, ]9 B/ N: t5 x, W
75. Refusal to rent
+ p9 ?+ M% S4 R3 y( c( ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott
# o& y( n7 f% R$ p- s$ \8 F 77. International consumers’ boycott7 b; n4 P, [$ q0 j
y. k1 l9 X' T$ fAction by Workers and Producers* P: X. }, L" D/ @
78. Workmen’s boycott& @5 }' K4 |0 d( T( H
79. Producers’ boycott5 _. v. Y' a, p% p: U. j
/ V2 x( ^/ B- z: I! K" k, q) dAction by Middlemen
, [+ a8 s% e. a! v: J" ] Q/ W 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 n) ^$ C+ C- Z T( b, @1 `1 a0 |( D: O/ T4 p3 r
Action by Owners and Management1 h% m( q% o# M m+ \/ ^0 a8 M
81. Traders’ boycott" n( S. t/ m. T
82. Refusal to let or sell property" r3 O4 L/ x5 ^( J# y3 Z R
83. Lockout' y+ G: u- q" v. a7 h3 }
84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 V: J: v3 d) y2 ?4 r
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ D# X: t2 { @3 Y; @& O- w
7 s5 g9 \: \. g
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
+ y8 R8 s9 \# [& ^( A' N$ ` 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 v8 p2 B3 v- w0 ] 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) _4 p" F+ v- ?# n" T) S! H$ N, X5 s 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% i" z; d- i6 U/ ~9 u7 L$ p 89. Severance of funds and credit, }! ]+ L$ f* a. H1 r& ~+ v
90. Revenue refusal; C5 a9 w6 Q6 ~: W1 R2 @$ v5 e' ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money
; y/ z# S9 A0 ]: t1 k1 X) {9 i6 E" G4 n. u( l( f( h
Action by Governments E, q' f4 U1 J' Q/ t/ x# h
92. Domestic embargo4 s2 w# N0 l8 b& p8 A+ Y" s7 H m
93. Blacklisting of traders- [ E+ a( ]6 s: f+ R
94. International sellers’ embargo
- o7 o) `* d) B# {* u$ a1 s7 E$ ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo
0 B$ R8 z! m# U" N2 O0 O- H- ]- ` ~8 }4 F 96. International trade embargo
/ I. e% x; y4 U
; z( j4 d% M ~% ~2 ]: |, x
) B |0 Y' P/ ^
/ M3 s/ Y: a1 o6 LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 q8 l' F6 T/ N. @4 @. g/ _7 h$ ~$ }1 {4 v8 g: i1 B. c, w: ~$ T
4 z2 j$ F! k) h, j& y( O
Symbolic Strikes
8 z" D% D' C) g) N 97. Protest strike! `! k: d' v0 S. v0 x1 U5 I
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
F0 E$ U. `0 G/ {/ ]5 r3 ?% ^5 q% Z. ?# h( T
Agricultural Strikes% X h3 Y4 o! W
99. Peasant strike& {! {" g+ Q) P& A+ v5 F! y: W
100. Farm Workers’ strike9 r | X( X- j
4 b+ O: S- Y. f- f- d w: a" H
Strikes by Special Groups ]( F4 F) _ [: {/ m' J" e: W4 E
101. Refusal of impressed labor* m8 |& E9 k1 j$ c: P4 ^
102. Prisoners’ strike
! R) C& J4 g; i 103. Craft strike
) t# \( d' r# T: g9 u 104. Professional strike3 j2 Q2 p( a: D9 l' y
p# t1 V* Y( I* J) {- _- q$ HOrdinary Industrial Strikes2 k7 D5 k: r8 H- C
105. Establishment strike* _. d- E8 u1 A3 H$ C
106. Industry strike
, g$ }' e- k2 L$ X% u 107. Sympathetic strike8 v$ I2 ~- @2 `5 A% X5 j
# ], D! x1 [7 i& ?9 a; ~
Restricted Strikes
, T, H2 \, R0 K- \: L& m/ _: q0 | 108. Detailed strike
A8 R6 y. P. V, Y 109. Bumper strike
, `6 y9 F3 |4 S0 } 110. Slowdown strike
, C( Y1 Q9 e7 X. y5 H' r, S 111. Working-to-rule strike6 H0 k5 V& C1 d* Y6 C
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: ~, t0 E" d: @4 g j 113. Strike by resignation) M' X, r/ E- W9 o
114. Limited strike
! s2 u) C+ j0 Z5 O' n 115. Selective strike* f/ O( _ ?* P
0 J" w1 t1 v" e: `Multi-Industry Strikes# s' k- e x5 K; M1 w5 M
+ a: w8 [* m* L
116. Generalized strike1 q! F$ ?2 W$ y3 i% l% Z
) m' C4 W* z4 i 117. General strike+ r- N# i1 U3 u
' ^! @! ~# r% XCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ G6 S# ~* R9 A/ U
t2 _" O" W4 f* W& B
118. Hartal
) v# a% f& W1 `: F" t$ g: a% q N. a! I
119. Economic shutdown
9 o/ J% g1 T }! @9 d9 j4 h7 D+ z
1 B% X' ]# r3 I$ a* U1 l7 `
2 [0 @' k$ T. d. V" M( `" W1 `7 g( L) f6 l# }# v2 C7 w* Y o/ t$ G8 t
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION y" i, k+ \. x5 V/ q( c% c1 D
5 z7 `) E3 P9 w J1 m; c - v- h- @+ t3 B- p/ a
Rejection of Authority
! }) s2 N# t, T k 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% u2 R& A' d4 Y& q8 F6 w$ t
121. Refusal of public support
1 C0 d. f2 N8 [8 L 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% o, y) l1 `) I& X/ Z
' m8 s g H" C, l; N) B1 M
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! Y, t5 b9 d0 Z
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 n- j8 Y' C4 X" S 124. Boycott of elections
) H& y7 q8 `% m# T7 {& U 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; {% ` r. v- r+ M- e( f0 E1 I5 ` 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( D6 {. s; L7 @/ K9 m
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 p; k5 Y, q N# f! ~; a2 I 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, w1 K8 {9 L6 o( A$ G) w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% H7 d/ T" i/ _; Y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ n: r7 K# A- }/ K3 X7 |8 x1 P 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( Y" y0 O5 G4 P 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( o/ M2 m' g! j
5 G& A) H2 ?2 aCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ S% g" i- u7 h 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* _+ w# s4 R& B1 [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 K+ j! }5 u' J) G# y0 N; W) X; w- ]
135. Popular nonobedience6 `5 m) n5 F; w' N0 y e
136. Disguised disobedience0 K- O9 H: O1 Y5 L' Z# m. w9 F
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( a y% W0 s' u5 m) { 138. Sitdown
3 H+ z) K) Z* ^6 p, T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 C8 m2 i* D9 K" }7 \7 h7 j 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ G L$ k* c( `! h 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( C6 l5 f. ^/ A, _/ ~& i
' Q/ e. f- E6 X2 X, W
Action by Government Personnel, {, l& f& Y {, Z0 a
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 e+ \) ?7 S- f3 \/ S0 \; Y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 l0 J. r6 f6 f7 k: H 144. Stalling and obstruction
2 C3 m5 e1 p: j8 j6 l3 C9 Q 145. General administrative noncooperation
. c4 W$ e/ j4 l
6 y7 u. N% h( h+ } 146. Judicial noncooperation
, e3 D3 v8 x, X* Q# K 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 O ?/ d' j) N; V# I5 T
148. Mutiny/ J5 \! ]2 A, Y' d6 ~
Domestic Governmental Action
5 {- V! X% V; k* \6 y7 u4 m* Q* } 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ Q/ `* n# Z% Y3 A7 |( ?9 j( x
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: Z e$ i/ w; S# |# t. k
+ \9 I* ^* X6 f3 v$ VInternational Governmental Action
+ M9 b' r. x+ y7 L8 j 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 v. t: i8 t) C8 `; W8 s" k 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* U' o- v9 R9 e2 E
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( z% l: k1 {2 ^6 n8 E7 e 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 j3 z( `3 \9 t! X2 i4 q1 N 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ o; [. M' q# c, W! p+ r7 \ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" v- ?0 j) S+ Z, F$ f( t6 d
157. Expulsion from international organizations9 t" A1 A/ Z6 U' v! i$ D2 K: m
- V e8 n' x) l: `( G
# X: Y! ? ?' z4 u* Y& Y$ \8 R. M/ U4 r3 L+ ?
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" o0 D5 j' X& m) {: f( o
( Q( @; q4 a9 F D+ Y * u3 K; x5 k! D
Psychological Intervention
0 i8 Y) N. p* L* _ 158. Self-exposure to the elements1 r: ^5 b ?3 `: Q7 d. U" E6 Y
159. The fast
0 N) G! c# _; j9 G2 U a) Fast of moral pressure$ z6 Q3 d4 o; D; K6 J) l& L
b) Hunger strike8 e- j" }0 X T
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ a( e& `: [4 Q( ^. N, _ 160. Reverse trial
* K* C2 c# W" j, j+ H# g 161. Nonviolent harassment) U3 W2 N, ^: i- v) M
( R2 M/ C' }, z& z9 M& |$ i
Physical Intervention
1 Q2 j" c( s6 S" z+ ~( G9 d 162. Sit-in
: ^0 f) [+ i5 Q: }9 F 163. Stand-in
8 G9 f. h, H ~+ F- n$ I) E 164. Ride-in
2 o! C: X) v. u2 P9 _1 L, M 165. Wade-in
, H7 q6 A0 b/ e2 L5 a% F2 a 166. Mill-in
( r G3 O9 N+ [0 _6 D) ^ 167. Pray-in/ G _" P; w0 P2 D" A
168. Nonviolent raids
1 }+ N1 B8 I8 i0 u 169. Nonviolent air raids
. J% o2 Q- _9 x: h3 I. `! r8 E 170. Nonviolent invasion
! z* G. i: M' F6 R 171. Nonviolent interjection
% e3 g7 Q V: N3 J( G, S 172. Nonviolent obstruction
- f: E' J, o( \* M0 B- l 173. Nonviolent occupation
2 g8 F) V8 v U5 h% _
d |. H$ W% nSocial Intervention# o( u! ]9 `- o& W# Z
174. Establishing new social patterns* G8 b$ H, r, g. n
175. Overloading of facilities- W/ d* |9 W) z# M9 P \$ r
176. Stall-in4 w5 H4 v/ z9 G. [
177. Speak-in# o) s1 B4 B) T/ i9 ]
178. Guerrilla theater- k* d8 @6 J7 ~" C0 f
179. Alternative social institutions, e8 J9 L2 ]$ p! Y; k5 H1 R
180. Alternative communication system, K" E, [" s9 C- p5 a. G z( }
' e/ C9 B) Y, e! A* h
Economic Intervention8 f+ }" a. U5 t+ |, k
181. Reverse strike
6 e0 u: ^" ]# K# m 182. Stay-in strike2 N+ P! {; ? U! R5 ]4 G
183. Nonviolent land seizure
% B2 ~/ \! w, T b6 v: l 184. Defiance of blockades
7 x8 g$ O4 ?2 y) r2 A# K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, }( m4 T6 Y1 F7 U$ `# x, x* A$ k; Z 186. Preclusive purchasing3 b+ @8 J+ J8 d4 E8 ]
187. Seizure of assets
6 F5 b1 L' _5 v& n4 i4 c4 i& p 188. Dumping
1 z6 j. z* a& r# b6 c7 r8 X* Q' W$ \ 189. Selective patronage/ d5 u6 s4 S3 J1 c
190. Alternative markets
4 T# s/ ~( n' d) _2 I 191. Alternative transportation systems& f/ U/ Y5 G+ @* r
192. Alternative economic institutions
7 [2 o9 z1 m6 }# s/ N# A t% U
+ u' y( p6 F/ z1 O& G* OPolitical Intervention
# h7 Q/ F9 K0 H6 ?* [ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
[+ B( T( G* y3 ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, h; z! q( K2 E9 S
195. Seeking imprisonment0 T8 n9 B% P) F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- `" m$ t+ z. o2 ]/ P! F 197. Work-on without collaboration( O7 L# q( ]) U8 r/ e
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
! H6 I9 E1 f9 [5 Q1 A) }
& \4 r$ ~/ u2 I3 }# I" ? u7 e |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
