 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
7 s: ^- N& @; A$ S- B; I. [: KFormal Statements9 O9 \9 W, r& J0 L4 O
1. Public Speeches
: }: @( Z: x- t- m 2. Letters of opposition or support
9 n. k8 N' O7 } 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! T, g+ ^* p" M. x, H3 w 4. Signed public statements6 m. M. C( w, T# c' c
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 t3 R( L1 d) O3 C1 j- `; b 6. Group or mass petitions! Z8 T# G5 B- v6 b8 m+ |* Y1 E
6 O" B- B' l5 T
Communications with a Wider Audience4 d" \6 b, Q m p6 q* h
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 \- _* {0 M2 H- _6 ^
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 l% r/ D0 \% v/ }4 d) u
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 J. O) C' ~7 F# s, f. J) M( G
10. Newspapers and journals4 s" J, |) p$ d9 @ u( I* N8 k8 X4 V: J r
11. Records, radio, and television% H7 Q5 j0 K: b
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. A/ L1 a) o7 W2 r s$ L, t7 e5 C1 o
Group Representations* A! { \& K( G# q1 b
13. Deputations
1 x' o# {9 k2 [4 e8 S( _ 14. Mock awards* ^9 J# S* w) o% |" w3 _
15. Group lobbying
1 k, u2 d6 l8 \; z* Q5 d 16. Picketing
; ]* P% c0 A; d* A0 E _0 v2 ` 17. Mock elections
& i: n5 U2 v, i0 S; q4 F
3 ^0 N6 J' A" a* g CSymbolic Public Acts
9 |& s! P6 f) W4 T3 ] 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' K$ b3 b- Q G$ [$ @
19. Wearing of symbols
& f( j6 f' }+ V ?$ ` 20. Prayer and worship
$ ^. A" m( l3 }$ `5 ?$ u 21. Delivering symbolic objects5 e8 f. v3 U+ l& q! c6 Q- e# s
22. Protest disrobings/ w" W( G8 U6 Q* b& F Q9 w8 `
23. Destruction of own property) r( [6 s0 q8 t9 T! r
24. Symbolic lights7 G4 \" Z; J9 a E9 a9 [
25. Displays of portraits
* n2 Y' g# _9 @1 h+ H- a- c$ R) m 26. Paint as protest8 l* b! s1 U5 k
27. New signs and names4 H& S, E: Z8 h- @& u- {
28. Symbolic sounds
/ e' a4 [2 ]; [" s: f 29. Symbolic reclamations4 T' Y% T; {& l1 q
30. Rude gestures0 F3 N8 w: W" O
, a; m# `0 t$ K# @1 r/ w9 xPressures on Individuals
- j5 r* q$ v8 P3 Q9 v% \! z4 j. V7 n 31. “Haunting” officials
. U8 F; V2 o- C3 N/ Z! E 32. Taunting officials
1 |) c" \ t( v3 r9 B9 Y- N 33. Fraternization+ m7 V; H/ C. C. L$ g. r( O
34. Vigils
. y& p1 ^+ y7 n( }1 N+ R/ a3 v2 k" n* b, K' o
Drama and Music" j% Q( i8 v6 c J3 D
35. Humorous skits and pranks& t( o) O/ M& B0 d7 F. q8 W1 U
36. Performances of plays and music
5 N8 t+ i' u6 G 37. Singing: W; }! d7 W4 O1 E
1 ^% D3 ?- g6 |1 g3 s" U
Processions
; a, l6 \# h8 ~: \- r" B+ j, Q& \: d2 ~ 38. Marches) R- m2 B. i) h( f4 a0 u( A. w
39. Parades
( i% k _. n( ]. r: y: n# [ 40. Religious processions
7 p( z' }, O4 [+ |; E5 w7 _ 41. Pilgrimages' b+ F, b$ b& I5 b* w% d# g4 f
42. Motorcades. q Y- j3 Z3 _" m; j
4 P* h+ q2 G, U& G+ e1 x# l6 kHonoring the Dead
! m) M% ]4 g' N* m( `7 J& y 43. Political mourning
7 _4 `1 N, y5 _2 v1 D) u 44. Mock funerals9 X9 ^5 Y9 g) I, K
45. Demonstrative funerals# C$ m% }# |6 Z
46. Homage at burial places4 w% [6 w* D' q) C
0 T1 D# }" P" h3 R2 j
Public Assemblies4 S0 r! g2 P- Z6 k, _$ C/ Y. R
47. Assemblies of protest or support+ L5 h. s% d. s/ ~" ?, _9 v
48. Protest meetings
% C1 [- k( M/ y a4 w# I 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; `4 ]* P2 A; j; r# r7 O 50. Teach-ins7 {: Y U! c6 E [( k6 e7 a
) S) Z9 s& i7 K& ^4 y7 |Withdrawal and Renunciation
& X9 B4 G! b! k/ F 51. Walk-outs% i. I3 n, r& ?" L# Z; m% I
52. Silence
4 h! X, o' N j( K* h' j 53. Renouncing honors
+ M. `: m# E# d5 D 54. Turning one’s back
: Y( K' F0 {$ x2 H4 k& n/ J( t/ L' e5 I/ g! Z. z
- ^! C/ ]3 i- x3 X1 S3 A
9 O: O+ V& e% W7 Y R. @5 |9 }THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
5 x! g) C1 @) n6 Y' P
9 L) D9 ^# D2 Z/ U$ I 3 f: |7 z# {8 N9 G G! Z7 k
+ T& u& f+ |4 ~( t5 g* bOstracism of Persons0 M+ c. i+ k$ N' `; t4 C0 z7 L
55. Social boycott1 K/ h% Y+ L1 I) l1 M: V x+ a
56. Selective social boycott b: ^$ J7 A) ]# n4 M' j6 Q+ c
57. Lysistratic nonaction
% n7 F: l/ z. ? 58. Excommunication
O+ F" b( [9 Z/ T 59. Interdict
3 V1 B3 M4 q5 @! W
7 [7 e7 }2 W+ \6 I2 Z& A) P+ X" LNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
% D9 M: L, b$ S0 x* c/ E 60. Suspension of social and sports activities- k1 T* F, n9 Y* f( b: d$ L. i
61. Boycott of social affairs7 z) N! R; K# @0 L6 R3 l" p0 h5 d
62. Student strike
: }9 }* o9 m/ s6 q 63. Social disobedience( [6 K* k5 K) ?$ _2 |
64. Withdrawal from social institutions, ~$ V+ z/ m7 a7 ~
$ s$ c7 M- z: f4 H- CWithdrawal from the Social System
0 |; ?* r. y& ~* T3 C% V 65. Stay-at-home1 Z; e9 g7 O6 l
66. Total personal noncooperation. W) b$ {; N H. z/ Y. x/ f, p0 C T
67. “Flight” of workers. [3 V7 }/ ]- j1 D# U! W
68. Sanctuary
8 O$ c; L* r6 H8 u 69. Collective disappearance0 A( y+ ]& _, M! o, H! `+ `' L0 `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
) I1 k7 W' m* a# M& h& ~6 ?! j; s/ N
4 v' S' ]' n4 N6 @& z( T" i2 D8 @ t0 G, P8 a; T2 k0 K
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 h0 q7 t5 ?9 R
$ s4 I, o/ [! C2 J6 F. P& F* l
* z2 q! w/ A: |Actions by Consumers# W2 A8 n9 \" B7 x- r8 K
71. Consumers’ boycott5 R0 s7 o+ c( f' u2 u2 q0 I
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- ~9 s* X2 N f, y5 m1 \2 d
73. Policy of austerity
! P8 f8 ]0 B! S- K 74. Rent withholding+ Y" ], H. r6 H6 V: V. U2 r" }" H
75. Refusal to rent2 ?2 K7 C+ g% Z+ g- y
76. National consumers’ boycott8 {; v: Q' U# l5 V" E
77. International consumers’ boycott
9 D; j8 {8 c6 h6 t- }3 |' t5 y# n9 n
Action by Workers and Producers' ~4 c' u6 p0 _0 Z n
78. Workmen’s boycott, ?) x% N$ s9 j9 M. _. E% t
79. Producers’ boycott
3 E: K7 O3 ?( F$ t
3 [" C: j$ z& L3 b3 CAction by Middlemen' A: r. b2 {$ y0 n& S9 z( }% S
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 n! T7 V' q. [
6 u% ]2 u- @- ^8 }% d. M
Action by Owners and Management
5 E0 N( m% P \3 V9 N 81. Traders’ boycott
3 X# S @4 j2 }/ O4 G 82. Refusal to let or sell property
. I+ H+ W% m& |% N 83. Lockout
5 w }5 s4 j. v6 N5 j 84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 q( l4 P3 @0 R' I9 A% Y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 z* h$ T4 f7 l1 K) l* I6 V0 i! F0 w: A* k. x
Action by Holders of Financial Resources4 d5 Z' W( x. U' E% L
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 k' i2 u( b! M2 _$ k
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% a, m& H, [5 n4 V7 R) C9 t2 Q 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 I0 E$ m! t' y& D 89. Severance of funds and credit" Q/ o! z. q7 i
90. Revenue refusal
$ C0 d) t* \1 c$ | n+ O( @# U 91. Refusal of a government’s money2 E$ X6 t. b; k. x6 p
u, N4 ?- a3 c, A. q% S' a
Action by Governments7 C1 e6 @7 `- k# v
92. Domestic embargo
/ V5 P: u( h7 M' v" R% E; P 93. Blacklisting of traders' D3 N( y/ }; x8 b; B/ I& T
94. International sellers’ embargo
) b" j$ B7 _7 H& V) l% c" H* X 95. International buyers’ embargo2 \8 L2 d: K4 E' V' @( K) U
96. International trade embargo
3 U& f7 I' L3 `' q* V, F# B( h% a! Y- V; T: c. ~$ ]
t1 p! C% j: S \3 M
0 w9 J) m) F8 lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 g; \' b) M; A. b. ]' V6 j& d" v
: J4 b4 E, ]! K! ]( }
. d8 d- H9 Z" u9 R) c, D- PSymbolic Strikes
1 d% U3 q3 y! B/ v; N+ w1 e 97. Protest strike& x- Y1 f6 @' ]
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 B' O3 Z3 [1 l4 ~/ m( U
) }0 i# S; [/ V2 e! U7 M |9 u& c- t0 zAgricultural Strikes0 M) G! z! R- C7 l( t( V
99. Peasant strike
; I8 c) B4 O: T5 u( x ]- D 100. Farm Workers’ strike: f8 N6 ]& @: e, n0 h0 S, R$ \
2 ~7 S! a4 K9 b
Strikes by Special Groups
9 P( _, ~. S9 O, p 101. Refusal of impressed labor6 k) ~+ a& F, O& k6 v
102. Prisoners’ strike
) R) X* P" h! w+ [+ |4 t3 L: w0 o 103. Craft strike
# U0 ]: F; ~3 j5 e( J# @3 i7 ? 104. Professional strike
5 E7 |6 K: x$ d" _4 {2 P+ E1 C$ p, Y% p8 ^' t8 q* t7 e+ ?; t
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ O0 }' h6 r3 S2 D) f/ |
105. Establishment strike) P r: L3 P5 s2 {" T. n
106. Industry strike! [4 }, Q3 Z e1 d1 C- Z. y
107. Sympathetic strike" C' V, d$ m1 M% H4 r
- _$ P1 w! g9 F7 O, Z- e' a$ \% {1 h" L
Restricted Strikes2 V l+ `" ~6 N0 N+ N1 z3 t: A
108. Detailed strike
0 Z0 p2 A' N- w/ O0 ]& `0 x- ] 109. Bumper strike
8 k( C1 A) o) O+ r. v# B 110. Slowdown strike$ i( A3 R/ N7 v. d. L& K
111. Working-to-rule strike- c7 T4 S, Y3 F5 @# y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) L; [1 u( N2 r! \ b
113. Strike by resignation7 y# Q! g3 w, X6 ]( P8 b
114. Limited strike+ k% z9 c, h+ Q4 z$ t# R& U
115. Selective strike
6 }5 u- y- j8 j/ I h
) j8 c* K0 C; ] DMulti-Industry Strikes5 D& ?% p* J) n
; d) `+ M( L r. K7 o) g+ S 116. Generalized strike7 A5 d- _$ G) f2 k* ]! [
9 `* N" x; d9 n# X) X% {/ f( k5 h3 [2 m
117. General strike
; p: r1 u8 A! X3 I
$ ?( f' P3 l1 {6 L5 Z, rCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures t( f5 P. I% I$ O0 E! [
, A" Z5 X5 {) @; [) i6 V 118. Hartal6 p, K; a% W% S
; z# S; Q% a7 h 119. Economic shutdown
& O- O$ M7 m% _. U' K' _6 T- j! K, J; `! `( q7 R) K: S" b0 \
4 ?6 g3 W& U" I+ A
d1 ~2 z3 r9 J% i8 F9 @- t% d
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ m) D# S' T e2 x3 l2 `: Z
. e( ]8 P# d( S1 z3 ~" k2 h; g
1 L2 W7 F4 k: f2 W. K% F0 A) RRejection of Authority9 g$ e" @0 C8 C2 u2 o8 v
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
X7 s4 R( F6 y( Q3 a 121. Refusal of public support3 W) g3 u0 J3 |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# T9 s. C8 \8 o$ J- U
. I8 F. E) N5 `$ M
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ Z* G/ v, B( C& ?4 ^1 E4 Y" I! u
123. Boycott of legislative bodies. W: h4 i, X% O7 d2 f& W) } g9 o
124. Boycott of elections- U: X3 c* E* K$ m$ |0 _9 R
125. Boycott of government employment and positions& u! s) s& o* C; P0 n; e8 p
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 |/ r- |9 e+ ], t, n/ `9 j5 t& ?- _ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 N4 P1 f0 J# q- n2 M: W6 R! h
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. c# ~3 [. g, z2 n7 L, O 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 t" W3 O1 a: k7 c; n6 J, t
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% j+ B' D+ _" F 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" }2 T8 m j9 K 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 x0 ?: J- J: A6 g# N' P' m3 H% e4 h. c
' t, ?( k1 E; f! G& G) [Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 G- I3 D% x; R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance, [7 [- |0 j; t! E2 o
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& K# ~6 ]+ r/ Q9 l* b 135. Popular nonobedience
8 r8 i9 T2 \7 H% a. @, a( E: C2 B 136. Disguised disobedience
- O( f! X/ |% C! ^9 q8 m3 E 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
n1 C2 y) D: Z& |7 K! {8 { 138. Sitdown/ q# }5 {% I1 N7 O# z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% e+ S( F- {% o; G
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ \0 ~. d R/ H4 X9 C5 f 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, s2 L$ ~- c* r) s! k
+ A- C) Y X) M4 M8 @# Q
Action by Government Personnel
& s. W$ J# O- a6 o6 ~3 y4 `& R 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ R# t' |, A' v- H% g 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 l5 f( `$ x4 ^, R# _5 R8 s
144. Stalling and obstruction' C8 M7 u o* F* x9 u+ `5 `
145. General administrative noncooperation$ x* b5 r* @% M7 M2 `& E
* B: n4 O, @+ s+ }/ _: A* T 146. Judicial noncooperation" v& ?/ J- q! [; i" ?2 l
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# k# b) r, U4 T* q+ [9 a
148. Mutiny
( i; ?" k. s8 D$ M. @& ODomestic Governmental Action
/ V1 e9 p/ W* a3 k/ Q8 U3 `% B) b 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ J B4 _. O: Y. ~3 d- t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* `8 p* m. C9 A+ w3 F3 Y: v2 i+ ~3 i) o" C! D( p6 ]
International Governmental Action9 P. ^ k% S0 [; ?
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations% v4 h J5 H! M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ W: l0 O w4 b
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition C t7 S8 P& N& j4 {
154. Severance of diplomatic relations) `) ?- O7 f0 B6 Y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 I9 X) c. }. w1 _! e& w
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- B9 ^. Z+ Q4 |, l+ h- B. o
157. Expulsion from international organizations
. D$ A f/ B* z/ R5 @1 J
2 _) d: v x: e+ F' k' n& ` - U. R3 J8 T: H2 w
$ q& q7 O5 y+ v2 @8 H4 a' C. Q6 O! aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: u; c l( z1 ]3 b0 [2 ^
* Q6 k$ \* J6 @& V. K* u/ ~
- W) p& R- T- I$ L; o r& nPsychological Intervention
0 u- ^* t [% {; p" ~ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 M* x) X i0 T" ^0 k 159. The fast1 q" r/ s$ S5 b* s$ h& u
a) Fast of moral pressure
1 v/ |2 N5 n ^+ e b) Hunger strike" s0 F9 K/ j" w
c) Satyagrahic fast; T( \9 i0 ?; D. v% ~# H
160. Reverse trial0 Q0 H- K: X0 Q3 T1 r4 _
161. Nonviolent harassment7 ^, x: X. I0 M! c. g; \( t
: Z) N( o8 d: R. {Physical Intervention
7 l! O/ r3 Q/ d 162. Sit-in
7 |; W: @0 x) Z! t/ q' [ 163. Stand-in" c C7 A) v6 L- {3 v& ^
164. Ride-in+ `$ z1 O6 z) ~: U; T
165. Wade-in
7 ^: K/ N" w. l# [ 166. Mill-in
7 z" x' O4 ~1 d7 {( i- |& Z 167. Pray-in3 K; }3 s( d9 |
168. Nonviolent raids" Z1 x1 Y9 ]/ P9 ]( i/ ^
169. Nonviolent air raids4 S( g0 A4 \5 w& @, o' K+ s
170. Nonviolent invasion7 O& t5 _9 s) I9 e4 ^
171. Nonviolent interjection% x; @, {) s1 N! e& o/ n% F7 A# F' a
172. Nonviolent obstruction
) F _1 h: h$ x8 }. x( ^1 { 173. Nonviolent occupation
0 P4 `8 ^( R6 X. ^; T6 l! A! C& z4 M( l$ I9 g5 _
Social Intervention( V& c, H6 u* f U+ T" y9 r. L/ x" d# p
174. Establishing new social patterns) X/ c" E! Q2 _, i! f+ D& A( p
175. Overloading of facilities
2 o' M1 `! U( A6 m 176. Stall-in; I) r& s* L! u% r
177. Speak-in
1 x6 Z2 W: D! C& J4 i3 I3 w6 N 178. Guerrilla theater
) j$ ?) @" r' B6 L/ y 179. Alternative social institutions
7 p" x' s H& f6 {# s4 [9 Q5 D; R8 l 180. Alternative communication system
/ m; y2 u( H4 H; N3 ]& U% y% I- C- p: n7 z$ Q- L; x
Economic Intervention4 C& I$ I% L9 T' }0 K6 [
181. Reverse strike
7 E2 O/ ]8 h8 z( r 182. Stay-in strike+ {( v# x9 S: M1 p
183. Nonviolent land seizure2 J+ d( D+ B. @: t) l( A% V! Z2 J
184. Defiance of blockades% w/ R4 K3 {' p' k& H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 k/ {) P7 b& C8 T/ T5 L 186. Preclusive purchasing
/ B% d- E" d1 [! f 187. Seizure of assets
6 y9 g2 |3 p B. s 188. Dumping! @8 z: I/ `* k
189. Selective patronage
: q. j' y2 B7 s7 O6 a3 { 190. Alternative markets& d7 N. | ?; [1 }
191. Alternative transportation systems
+ A' K5 Q; l( T& s$ b 192. Alternative economic institutions. c" T9 N" K: I
& E4 b# V8 p K) s* c0 \+ {Political Intervention, u) {. d+ u+ A { M' x; H
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: K; v: X9 [0 S) m' [+ B( b 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
1 T. x4 Q! N2 p( R 195. Seeking imprisonment
5 M- `, C) U! J( R) Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' Q. P8 U7 A4 D" l( x
197. Work-on without collaboration4 A# A: B1 x$ ^: i% m
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! B* ]& ]3 B5 W- Y3 U
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
