 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. f2 N, r: m6 T8 }/ | LFormal Statements
0 {1 y L T# a( E% e0 q7 G 1. Public Speeches
. I6 ?6 h' ~' y! z. C 2. Letters of opposition or support& @# o' A& w# X9 \2 I, w
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ H& @& O+ b, h5 ~5 C 4. Signed public statements
: ]& R( ?' x- f* j2 k 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ N! k( t* k3 W5 ]4 ? 6. Group or mass petitions
4 A+ z% P% @6 Q4 f G# Q8 V
' I" e% K6 r& S1 V" U3 B! `Communications with a Wider Audience+ Y" e) o9 A! e6 ^( U* ? r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, `5 d9 H% Q% V! b; r% A1 t 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 i4 H' t, t1 U( c0 T& l* e# v 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ x* S8 s" M9 d$ K$ I 10. Newspapers and journals' z4 m! L) U1 A1 T" k K* e2 S
11. Records, radio, and television0 e; K2 }, Z1 M( E
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" j* |( u0 D8 |
- |3 \( c' {* s& w, t5 {" b* p
Group Representations j$ \3 A( A5 N
13. Deputations0 \% z4 i* d8 p( R6 z, U
14. Mock awards3 _6 N: b; M* e' d! g, F5 m
15. Group lobbying3 n' t" n! s2 E0 z( m
16. Picketing' D4 p* F- n) H2 `- t. J( F
17. Mock elections' E, T/ v8 r: M1 u+ k7 L- B5 y
, n9 p- Z2 u& I @6 b5 s4 \! F/ ^
Symbolic Public Acts- D) ?, c7 ?1 C$ x: G
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) T1 ?8 e1 S8 x, R Z 19. Wearing of symbols
% c* U3 V. |3 O0 K5 T 20. Prayer and worship
) Z- _0 {- S2 Y7 X a 21. Delivering symbolic objects9 S9 }& H' C' p* I# m9 u9 z
22. Protest disrobings
. \7 P* z( z& {6 E 23. Destruction of own property1 q# Y1 ~0 `$ v" d* U! Q
24. Symbolic lights
2 `- H' U" C9 i9 x" G4 s ~ 25. Displays of portraits
2 j) l( x% i( H* F5 | 26. Paint as protest/ ~' C! [5 ]% ]
27. New signs and names% M" B; n8 L/ I; f' P& u7 u( A& g% o
28. Symbolic sounds3 t# @7 ]# f) S; Y3 J- ^$ {
29. Symbolic reclamations
r6 k2 x' s/ E3 Z3 A2 W- ~ 30. Rude gestures
" m1 N/ `. ^" A. e! o: y
! ~' a/ d1 ^/ F8 n% o2 u9 oPressures on Individuals
8 n; X8 ~3 _. Z' h6 L) K 31. “Haunting” officials5 s/ U* y) U7 h5 A( V, z
32. Taunting officials
/ v, o8 ?9 ^ G' n7 P" p3 c$ w* H 33. Fraternization' V* b% j) Y$ A. g7 ^ T
34. Vigils
+ e4 _2 S. X: T* q* E( x) k/ T( M% Q7 s, ]: n n
Drama and Music/ @8 \) \0 o1 t* } b% I- [
35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 o6 |8 o4 C3 H1 w3 W 36. Performances of plays and music; s; L4 n! l8 K3 O" [& ]( r& m
37. Singing
/ r6 v, u! |; c3 W3 `0 f8 e8 M: r% a1 G: ^- L' y: t8 M- n
Processions" f0 C" }% q. ]5 q1 s* c
38. Marches
! U& o# e7 b4 g, n 39. Parades! x1 L) A4 `) u& g! {
40. Religious processions
, @$ U- I" P) c7 g- W# X 41. Pilgrimages
2 r' G9 t7 [) B+ |* ~% ^" e 42. Motorcades
w9 F7 B' m* S& U4 X: Y( l+ x1 e. G- ?# h
Honoring the Dead5 `% l: f+ z8 |6 j2 z0 E! c. [5 S
43. Political mourning2 {: @5 A* p+ n
44. Mock funerals9 c2 h8 M2 e1 r) s
45. Demonstrative funerals
" \) v- c! y3 u3 s 46. Homage at burial places% E" u1 F( G% S" ?, p
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Public Assemblies/ p4 p+ p, r9 @" o( ]4 p
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 a! g5 i: z5 d2 ~
48. Protest meetings7 v+ k& q4 ]' v4 u
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( M. g- w* S6 I* t' s- [( t. [
50. Teach-ins
& t1 |6 N5 V" C4 c' O
+ S* r% f* q' L& Q0 f6 B7 p# G6 ^Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 Z& T1 X) M- J 51. Walk-outs. N; H0 Z; [( G# h
52. Silence
& s5 b# N8 J6 [4 q' o+ s' S 53. Renouncing honors0 l2 f' z( H3 ^7 g2 V' A f
54. Turning one’s back
' |/ [ x+ B6 f- X
, T' `: }1 P g9 ` f6 H3 F: d; t
9 L! e+ M1 _& k2 b6 [! f7 j3 \4 o. j' e0 \
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* L4 X% a# q7 ~6 B* E6 M; b- t
; n! Q( Z9 u$ s$ H" M2 Z
) I$ X( s/ p) I! I4 r. c0 P6 x; C) } `; G, O ?% }. b+ L
Ostracism of Persons' _: `' b( M2 ]* }! ?
55. Social boycott
. |& v l: P3 S 56. Selective social boycott
- u& z, Q3 q8 ]1 F( L 57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 L" ~) x$ i7 @9 f/ l9 h3 Y 58. Excommunication
( a; l% X1 x/ o' F7 U7 v8 S9 c 59. Interdict
% M' o' G. i5 A2 H: i! p, l6 ~( d$ E+ F7 w
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 m, ^. a w2 `( t, R1 V( Z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 M; X# z: J% L/ Q: X- Z 61. Boycott of social affairs
. T5 s7 H* O2 t. ~, C+ U% s: `- | 62. Student strike) h4 r/ j0 G6 {& U/ G4 K, h. Y
63. Social disobedience" w8 M2 `& \ ]7 c
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 o$ q+ ?5 T" K! m# h2 V4 t+ | }6 c) J7 _, z: z4 n1 r
Withdrawal from the Social System2 f$ o1 d5 C1 ~
65. Stay-at-home
- Q$ Q$ e4 o- u/ X8 G 66. Total personal noncooperation
# y8 l% {3 ~7 K+ o/ s8 q& Y& n 67. “Flight” of workers3 [1 S9 }# C8 @2 G. c% _
68. Sanctuary2 a0 A1 p7 f& ?" J h- Z
69. Collective disappearance
0 `( Z; o8 ^/ W5 \* H. e# ` 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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5 P" [( d2 R+ ^$ l# n4 \ 0 G1 ~" C5 U; e i- _# i7 E/ N
( y; c( o6 P l& u: }) O" t
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ G: ]% E% w) B
' c0 w! ]' o# `; c 6 A9 F, T) X8 }8 ]3 Y
Actions by Consumers9 e2 x# M* T+ ~/ s6 ]5 q9 R. m
71. Consumers’ boycott
7 Y& }! r6 ^2 ~" Y# }7 K 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ I" B/ v, s) W 73. Policy of austerity
( T$ b- N# T( i2 l2 j1 V. h 74. Rent withholding: y+ B4 t0 @- ^: ~. {2 {( O! H
75. Refusal to rent/ a. y2 g s$ ]( H/ u: g, O3 M
76. National consumers’ boycott
( J5 z' d( L8 r m5 a. M( X) m 77. International consumers’ boycott
& w8 H& u6 C* Q( f
& |, y0 `. e: _# j. p1 k: I2 y5 }. oAction by Workers and Producers: A- x( z. H8 k6 n; ? h6 m! G
78. Workmen’s boycott
+ Y5 q( i9 @/ E' b M1 |2 A7 j2 M 79. Producers’ boycott
0 j2 M5 x$ S# P7 l2 j) }
. `4 F# t' m# H: o# `Action by Middlemen
+ u: A$ e8 _5 U* y* R3 R# T3 e$ X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ w5 N! S% j f/ E# D9 J
" e5 T* y: Z- [Action by Owners and Management4 @! J; z: A0 n
81. Traders’ boycott
9 w2 o1 M0 M y+ \ 82. Refusal to let or sell property# V8 z: z0 Y9 Z3 `# q. C' j+ [
83. Lockout
' k& Z5 }1 _3 k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance E }7 S% d+ D8 |6 \, b
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. B0 x* y8 L2 t: A' W \$ a
% o; Q! {, o9 w' YAction by Holders of Financial Resources! _! k' @% ~" K
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% I8 ]" m: a/ |/ o
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- a. \ m E" J8 T" k
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# [% f: S8 f; T/ N( E3 R6 P' g5 u+ x
89. Severance of funds and credit
( ?! I! q O. c" t: Q/ u1 L 90. Revenue refusal* u8 m4 O2 R2 J5 x }4 E" |' S
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 K* K. R9 Q5 Y) W1 q1 x) V& e
" k7 a. P( L7 P' WAction by Governments
) a5 Q+ P7 w$ L- _6 [4 p- R2 g 92. Domestic embargo6 u# H+ H7 L8 N& B5 c V! D
93. Blacklisting of traders
, x# ?5 H. f# P5 {+ [) Y, | 94. International sellers’ embargo
- \1 {6 B1 B; j/ x 95. International buyers’ embargo
: v, U- }% W: D9 l( n* W; O 96. International trade embargo4 |% @* |9 x; R" m, e
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/ A- a" N/ A9 u4 m2 ]1 m8 E
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( H4 ^9 d" c7 W @, @
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: [0 K5 M K- v& O- q8 BSymbolic Strikes- S' E9 a; T9 ^1 i) H& k* N3 Y
97. Protest strike+ `0 p7 l" E, J n; [. o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( o" Q0 f( j2 a7 u# e9 M' J3 [7 [ m1 y$ c0 A
Agricultural Strikes m1 W* Z- X! A
99. Peasant strike
; o' `2 ]+ l% U2 ~1 C9 r 100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 g& N# U: H, S' n+ R) c
+ T& _9 ]$ `6 JStrikes by Special Groups
0 j- x# e. W; H+ R* z' D" A n 101. Refusal of impressed labor, S* q) B3 l9 E0 O% K# ^; M- I
102. Prisoners’ strike
3 A1 ?3 B7 I5 O5 t: l 103. Craft strike
; Z' A- G. }6 N! q4 [) n 104. Professional strike
( u! D, c' R4 j$ S) k$ C* k0 b
1 }8 Z2 V% _4 Q& i( ~Ordinary Industrial Strikes; g+ B; T* Z2 h# c0 i* v1 e
105. Establishment strike
3 Y7 [* I9 C7 S+ T$ Z! ~" R; z 106. Industry strike% L: N8 Y/ l. i/ J
107. Sympathetic strike% }% Z- {0 ~: X" ?2 U+ e
0 B! V! l" \* A) F0 p9 _3 [6 z- S# bRestricted Strikes* a6 Y K" P9 H6 I4 o+ Z
108. Detailed strike2 i V( `* n1 m' ^& c, \
109. Bumper strike8 l7 c8 ]4 L) {) C: w
110. Slowdown strike
3 V4 N0 W& u! O: V 111. Working-to-rule strike
6 N; P: X8 K% A- i) S' J5 ^. j1 ]0 D 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) w) t4 L w1 E, Z8 M( c. @& F! b ?
113. Strike by resignation, \ e) z8 z+ j; C& M
114. Limited strike
6 A5 N& k' | t0 w% \ 115. Selective strike1 ^- F# H2 r; p# X, L( \0 M% {
. f: l$ _2 l8 Y1 X$ e. Z" I! {# MMulti-Industry Strikes
$ U- ^& G) a) M n9 a! k
0 d0 R z& M+ e4 `/ E$ f8 p) g 116. Generalized strike: G: f! z6 d! k" T4 V
) l6 }! c1 t- f2 M; n( _/ O 117. General strike: s0 o( L3 N* U9 c! _
' i) L/ g9 C6 B; H$ f, WCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
" y1 D1 l& f. D( K6 n3 |7 u
/ g' `0 |8 q8 K% ~8 ~( a! ]5 ] 118. Hartal
: j& I4 H( s- f2 R$ `: w/ b: @; w
* n6 a5 |+ ?. P- Z3 ^2 o" s/ d+ P 119. Economic shutdown
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D* ]; i! ]7 V, @
+ E4 C9 A% D( F GTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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h% O( ~! C6 Y( cRejection of Authority
- m7 y+ \# u5 p* j/ K J 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 f: C3 h. y4 W c) E# [8 u/ C, u 121. Refusal of public support
. t8 x! D" Z% g0 n 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% m+ T4 W' |! k4 Y6 C9 |
, O; T9 O" L/ x" n; [, xCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 W1 M% c, |* f 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 [; B4 S2 g' M" e$ J" t 124. Boycott of elections! y4 S, R) l" i
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! [% G$ W" m+ T
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 }# S6 H0 g* d$ \# t8 Y$ l 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 e6 S1 K) p6 C, D5 H 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% R+ j7 p9 t' B! Z. s- E 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% @6 U& h" W( T* W, ~$ h
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 O+ `4 a8 B. F5 O) G 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& H' S l8 ~& d. ^' R. q+ z; _1 b 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 U3 Z2 _- e7 a5 A6 D/ O, [% k$ A W7 T
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! E, {$ Y* ~9 M, u 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, A8 Y7 `+ S( Y; z4 D! G 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( `& @6 X" w: x! Z6 m' T
135. Popular nonobedience, z, i. S' M( B/ }8 L& X- C
136. Disguised disobedience$ W g3 {5 |7 T: l' ]) ` |
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& E$ y' V9 c5 K, T/ M/ k( s6 d 138. Sitdown
, P7 a( `8 @& I4 p4 D' I4 `8 C 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) O) {/ g( ?5 s0 u4 Q E
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. l6 V( ?5 w0 `6 t, {
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 M" b& w1 ]4 e8 W& t0 v* w! U1 Q+ p! A: g; l7 p3 [& M5 I8 A3 P
Action by Government Personnel
) s2 b6 n' R N' b! i- Z6 e" R) h9 S 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: D, g5 ~8 T1 a) @. U+ } q! s 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 `, T! J+ j& S' ^
144. Stalling and obstruction3 f/ q. W( \" c% E0 W7 D9 d: }4 {4 F4 r- q5 w
145. General administrative noncooperation& _# i2 Z$ K5 |7 b- L! f
9 L+ I6 a0 [& r I8 ~ 146. Judicial noncooperation
) P. J: L8 T! l: `/ H6 G" y0 ?5 y7 g2 h 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# `) A. r" t. e/ W/ B/ h; ] 148. Mutiny
( L# M$ w7 M0 R- v L3 O7 lDomestic Governmental Action6 ]* v- [- s$ k8 u" T* j
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 W/ r/ r; I3 W% r) P* V! `
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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+ y9 `4 W1 P2 n3 `International Governmental Action* _& q0 e" _* n$ `
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 }6 j: R* v3 o Y1 T" c
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 k8 i9 t% V* K. Z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% Z* I( t2 X. w; x
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( p; ~( G. e4 w) h- k
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ d) |. }1 X' i) P# _' {, i9 W 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 l5 Z0 j1 G% E: s/ g$ e 157. Expulsion from international organizations1 b/ B H4 X' m r% J4 K
1 J. ]4 z7 m X9 G& X8 L
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
% p \) k( i d9 p; m/ z' m7 b7 K, H7 v) ]5 K
$ i4 y8 h2 `! m. {5 kPsychological Intervention
) s/ r- v1 P& w5 H; A 158. Self-exposure to the elements
, f$ i, _. H5 `2 R0 h 159. The fast* g) i- \( ?7 L' [ w; U" `
a) Fast of moral pressure9 S0 I: a; X Z' a' _( f2 ^
b) Hunger strike
; C: ?) @/ h" T" C5 u' l! O( t c) Satyagrahic fast- ^9 H' h* h8 v3 o2 o
160. Reverse trial% J) P8 G& ~3 i7 ~3 n
161. Nonviolent harassment1 n! v a: v5 F0 }# s
- W& S4 Q* U+ D, ]$ M5 w* t: z6 k7 }( RPhysical Intervention
% w, J. O( }% _2 K5 E/ |9 m# o, _ 162. Sit-in* ^/ h- p9 n# k: j
163. Stand-in3 u& l4 _# ~' p9 c) s
164. Ride-in0 w" W$ G8 O- ?5 K3 J$ O9 S
165. Wade-in
) X8 r P3 V" P: r2 | 166. Mill-in
/ C8 w; q- O8 e4 m0 f& X 167. Pray-in
X; N7 z7 \6 y+ m/ ~) X 168. Nonviolent raids8 E- ~7 |$ N. m) j- i
169. Nonviolent air raids
" w- e& f; V2 o) {/ P# s- ] 170. Nonviolent invasion
7 R/ d+ F$ g# @/ ~ 171. Nonviolent interjection% A0 f; g7 c. W$ p \9 G
172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ ?0 ^ ]& u E$ S6 d- ]2 q B 173. Nonviolent occupation3 o( z5 G* C. S2 l
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Social Intervention
3 X2 v9 F5 r" e 174. Establishing new social patterns0 R# a( D" _& `/ q% u' P( Q% _ F
175. Overloading of facilities* x) Y# \& i" Y! ^* _) w
176. Stall-in# j1 J. U* ? x( |
177. Speak-in
9 r# m' D5 }. ]2 h& f9 I- B+ U 178. Guerrilla theater- `+ M8 w/ p* o
179. Alternative social institutions
8 u3 T2 g- L1 K$ x 180. Alternative communication system& h/ T0 w- g K% F4 A) Q1 v
( B% J2 c/ P% dEconomic Intervention- x' ^* i! Y3 C$ q
181. Reverse strike" r6 o/ [; S. |% E% r1 E# z
182. Stay-in strike
# ^2 d Q, ]% U @9 H* n 183. Nonviolent land seizure
( j: y/ G* R- u8 \4 c 184. Defiance of blockades; F! y# @' W3 G2 K+ J9 v
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' z. f- N4 @# W! x 186. Preclusive purchasing, j( h5 `4 s& M5 R6 j+ \+ ^
187. Seizure of assets
4 U" ?+ A! j+ v 188. Dumping7 } j+ g' {* S
189. Selective patronage! q( z' p( g/ F
190. Alternative markets( d1 t6 k, N$ L" T
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 ?6 J( e; S6 f6 `. f 192. Alternative economic institutions" B8 b7 S4 i' {3 G c# F
3 z: P, ^2 L. SPolitical Intervention
1 d3 Y3 z+ r2 Z# h! A 193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 G! y$ {4 @, A8 }: U/ o) t+ ~+ T 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
. }0 Q: s2 _4 j6 e 195. Seeking imprisonment& e' t4 y4 [7 c0 v4 p4 H" N# Q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 D! Y$ l8 P) }- S: R
197. Work-on without collaboration. S' T0 J# L) j
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
