 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ p) N. h( u" D' g1 b7 FFormal Statements
( x& ~1 q% \- @1 Z6 f6 j/ ^ 1. Public Speeches( G. v) u- Q* S* Q( B! ^( J
2. Letters of opposition or support3 k4 ~" j. T1 o* N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( k: Q9 |$ `. ?1 L" v 4. Signed public statements
2 Z3 s7 ?0 u6 \6 N& |. H9 Q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 _. x- i/ R, T5 W 6. Group or mass petitions
/ ]" i/ z* U' g7 s2 |3 b5 u1 `1 m5 |
Communications with a Wider Audience
: \4 a* m( |& J9 `8 e+ {0 q1 F8 x 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 W/ J! {* ?8 Y- G' F* v 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) F1 }3 r6 p$ A3 i% E0 }4 ]* R
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 E: {8 f+ I+ B4 Y r7 t( p/ k
10. Newspapers and journals
1 ?. W0 l+ h, q0 p7 F 11. Records, radio, and television& v. v5 c# v0 A+ u
12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 R! L S' q0 }1 n6 d2 x) w
% @4 D3 u! A0 a2 x7 N0 k* M5 r" [
Group Representations
; }4 W2 ^- B7 b+ X# T/ N6 M 13. Deputations
: E4 |& o: s; j2 j% D 14. Mock awards
+ \; }$ w0 S) r% ^5 g. m" s: t 15. Group lobbying7 J1 }8 S) U# d0 A/ Y6 f" a# l
16. Picketing! Q% q2 |- r# x
17. Mock elections2 l) M+ G' c1 u& d5 {
# Z5 c( c" m# K' @$ `' K6 i) n
Symbolic Public Acts3 Y: B7 o6 {9 N ]- B* B
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors C- I; G4 L3 e' [) ]0 i3 k8 O
19. Wearing of symbols
7 O8 Z- { A1 }& D; a2 M 20. Prayer and worship
% e/ U3 W1 c$ L) E 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 ?( z# E2 d. z' x1 i 22. Protest disrobings6 M/ O8 [( `! O6 ~9 B i
23. Destruction of own property$ s: P/ o# x. p/ e/ _
24. Symbolic lights4 v' b2 w9 t3 C. o0 R# ? O
25. Displays of portraits+ J. @1 {3 M( Z
26. Paint as protest; I& Q; A5 n9 \1 v3 Q
27. New signs and names
5 D6 A" w$ I( o: t 28. Symbolic sounds
+ b1 O6 U w/ ~ 29. Symbolic reclamations
; P, S0 K, h: I: w5 v% B! ] 30. Rude gestures
. p. q, V" e% ?6 ]! o& l3 ]0 G- c
1 ]+ i. s7 M: P/ M/ p- U! mPressures on Individuals4 K1 f- T1 y. {
31. “Haunting” officials
% `! e& m, B5 f( u y 32. Taunting officials
* k& Z# P% U5 J& R, P2 v! j 33. Fraternization
8 j+ o- w. q! V- ] 34. Vigils2 D" c g) _) C! j% k
. G2 e7 c8 ^; {9 Q
Drama and Music5 `4 Y# v% j& w8 t7 `
35. Humorous skits and pranks
. ?1 S( `/ ?" H2 @1 g7 m, D 36. Performances of plays and music* Y1 p$ M, a3 M& n: ]( E
37. Singing" @, Y% n! v1 E/ \3 r! C0 N& d
' z7 y) j2 E# }! N0 Q& [
Processions
4 h' a& ^- _2 w0 l% D 38. Marches
4 g/ n$ K) m7 d& L) x 39. Parades
0 H- x$ j8 |" J* { 40. Religious processions* P! m& _5 o9 I
41. Pilgrimages
6 E' b$ x7 d. b 42. Motorcades$ C( W2 I( k2 v8 U
: M3 ?5 ]3 L5 C' D- f6 uHonoring the Dead" W+ H9 n* T* z; ?6 Q
43. Political mourning
. [ w0 k* h) d7 C 44. Mock funerals
F% I, q: b$ o& W- |7 y6 w 45. Demonstrative funerals
! r* _6 _8 ?4 N8 t 46. Homage at burial places
' E2 D! e8 l6 x% s) @5 f1 C8 d# i* V) O
" y1 Q: B9 T; t" r5 g: W2 xPublic Assemblies; y5 K% T# y) v4 t/ D, {$ I; i
47. Assemblies of protest or support+ b. U" I& L' j. p" R& {
48. Protest meetings" b* l+ c B; ?# M4 b1 v$ K, y* `
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 ~) ]4 a( R& v1 Y. n$ _: _ 50. Teach-ins
( D1 j: {. Q* q3 W% T* _
- ^- L0 N- l3 ^3 N' E! cWithdrawal and Renunciation7 y1 l2 J3 Z) X- H) Y
51. Walk-outs
# s1 S% X7 F4 }( w 52. Silence
0 g |, N' C1 |# H! Y7 Q 53. Renouncing honors: @' N) F% \; r* K7 a
54. Turning one’s back% h5 R0 B; v4 R# w1 s& n$ L% s
, x2 s( w* x* I2 `8 W, x
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) r' [4 t* i, f' G& H. _& ^0 b; Q% Q! e! Z
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Ostracism of Persons
, A" I; M7 U5 G1 ] 55. Social boycott( K6 K& X8 A5 r- K- c0 F
56. Selective social boycott1 P! {/ A& N( m d$ H# B
57. Lysistratic nonaction& `( h$ B+ h" i$ R$ h
58. Excommunication
9 q# n1 c7 Q' f1 t( z% j' Q$ b; G. t 59. Interdict* w0 J+ @* g2 Z7 F5 S
% t' {( q2 i2 v- SNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ g5 L8 y F/ ^6 o4 R7 c7 u
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 L0 E6 _. r! G" a5 d' ^+ w 61. Boycott of social affairs
% q5 E% M- i; @, J3 M 62. Student strike
3 }" M1 ~3 F3 R( e8 n1 a3 S8 \ 63. Social disobedience
5 O7 V& `' X& v$ Z6 V7 a3 t# \* E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 ]% v) Y6 V5 G1 d% F
' ]; i: ~" M# x3 y S! u! y: P( O
Withdrawal from the Social System! B: ~* `' M$ t5 G
65. Stay-at-home
# S4 F4 J# {/ J2 |" y2 l 66. Total personal noncooperation
9 B0 a7 i# m6 E1 K 67. “Flight” of workers" E& d/ L$ t, d8 k g- q
68. Sanctuary
: n, Q; s' j# Y# D% _7 F 69. Collective disappearance- i2 @0 ^, l0 g. G1 S% ~
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 S8 d9 S, p/ A# Y# o
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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/ Q) c7 S% ~ d0 @0 U4 G4 c; zActions by Consumers; s2 G! M# @/ X! w% k! E/ f
71. Consumers’ boycott
$ Q) f+ R. x& F7 G" H4 t' {9 I# i5 G 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 G. p! ^ T- {& B' k+ ?( c. M
73. Policy of austerity
# p+ V7 }/ n$ U6 S! E, D8 {3 X 74. Rent withholding6 {- ^# q" @2 j2 v3 |
75. Refusal to rent
: u( X6 O. j( c) l" W M 76. National consumers’ boycott( p' x n! Q+ z+ E2 }
77. International consumers’ boycott1 U2 \; b* `4 L; Y% m! j
3 q: l! G& {3 {% C
Action by Workers and Producers
' H% D8 @ h2 L2 s/ w 78. Workmen’s boycott
% G4 |, p- a+ @+ z 79. Producers’ boycott
# B7 f# x1 h4 z" C- o5 H% O# H8 M: e# W& u1 S3 ?
Action by Middlemen
! _5 b m4 u& e 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ u# f' D4 m9 M! P! v; ?; D
' s i/ u( W k6 NAction by Owners and Management6 q# [# ^" z: _
81. Traders’ boycott
1 E9 X% h3 D3 V 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" w4 {/ W& d& B 83. Lockout
, H" t; C \& S, D# z 84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 O$ q9 y( `1 \! P5 ~0 P8 D# B
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 d7 t. T6 s4 O Z6 Y& z/ q, S6 C& q- K
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; k9 c* H, S3 J8 o) Q# D; e 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 R) _. l; E' A" X6 L
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% m. R5 ]# }% G, o
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 s9 g- s% _: V& @1 j8 F% Y
89. Severance of funds and credit
$ W7 w7 L$ c; d# X1 Y0 n8 g' b 90. Revenue refusal
; q9 {# S& i6 M1 W8 Y" }% ]! v: P 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 k! z; t0 ^* W& g+ l9 x) ~$ I4 q
7 O+ @" n8 N2 z3 U" G; rAction by Governments' c& Q! K0 A# B. w6 n
92. Domestic embargo( y2 ?- |1 N7 y; m& j ]
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 K- E1 S- e* f C& [ 94. International sellers’ embargo7 I+ }5 C, Q2 q7 P) P
95. International buyers’ embargo" L. I+ r5 u) q0 Q: @
96. International trade embargo/ U7 R6 G5 D' I: {* d0 P$ C5 u8 N
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G/ i4 Q6 h. Y, ]9 h" u8 w6 x8 Q( y: u) H8 M
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: y4 N# m0 D$ O4 c% D4 [1 E4 [ B# |9 Q! J' |
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Symbolic Strikes' @. R6 _: I5 \. _
97. Protest strike
& ]$ U/ }3 L; K8 w" r; g( h) g 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! {" v6 j9 c F# f6 M( k& }" s+ Y' k9 v2 L1 F, W: q( z5 q1 Y
Agricultural Strikes
3 _* E3 ]' u+ j" J$ q( f! y 99. Peasant strike' T9 J ]7 s+ t
100. Farm Workers’ strike
! p! m( E: D) V Q) V8 s i u1 E: [' K
Strikes by Special Groups, m0 G' |5 \& K S
101. Refusal of impressed labor9 X2 r, `, }' Y# g& o1 F
102. Prisoners’ strike6 D' F& C' i/ k8 I+ }1 S7 ^9 i9 U9 N' f
103. Craft strike. a. Z5 U1 B! @/ L: V F. |7 S6 g
104. Professional strike) o1 L4 y- j+ q" x
( }% V; \0 X7 x3 q& JOrdinary Industrial Strikes
( {, @5 ] w$ ?+ Y' f 105. Establishment strike2 }3 R+ m1 f( @5 D% a
106. Industry strike/ R+ w+ F" }: o) f% _$ n
107. Sympathetic strike" ]: U) M/ p! n/ L3 d3 ~
/ G4 p. ]) o% g# z% N$ U1 F
Restricted Strikes: T! u' |$ e ~
108. Detailed strike( g/ ]$ v$ U& X) ]: e S6 V: O" i
109. Bumper strike
/ f6 K) q" i% o 110. Slowdown strike
- B. M$ m' \: \& |5 Z 111. Working-to-rule strike
1 @' }1 U$ k+ C" u' ?* V# A 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ Y- b( W6 x! W U9 }5 b" o 113. Strike by resignation
8 J @: Z% V1 D 114. Limited strike! ]/ c8 z( C# L. \6 d
115. Selective strike1 J5 O5 x# `( q2 H. d
0 |$ f3 F6 z; b+ I; o+ n/ OMulti-Industry Strikes9 m. ?7 j' y& [- x P' S
. N* { a7 [& s- W+ q 116. Generalized strike2 ?9 s5 a) [0 y" }& o
1 i, E- b8 \2 t2 D c
117. General strike- A/ ~) Y* g: O( D: Q
$ _' k( P v( N- j& O( |% \1 oCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& C/ q, F( d; ?. S2 Q5 p% q) r4 \( c2 ^# d3 {) A& ~1 w
118. Hartal( j; X" I; y& e( t$ g# B
" ^# x; p& B* F1 b 119. Economic shutdown, ~3 X0 Z( Q* t# H% K
7 f# Z; _7 E4 {7 Y$ f+ e
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- @( J ]: h" A% Q6 O8 { G+ ]0 jTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) T) s" W5 S+ m" Y
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/ U! L" y' {" Z( s( YRejection of Authority. c! M* L4 Q' A5 |* x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# N! O- Z0 n# _( g 121. Refusal of public support2 f1 `' e- r( N3 V' S
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 R# k3 b5 U/ m: X. @6 B
) k" n6 `, L+ N( o/ ACitizens’ Noncooperation with Government! J1 R7 v2 B: x7 a
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" }* g3 W& E# q1 W) W; [/ |% o 124. Boycott of elections+ M1 ], s. K5 [8 u- H
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 h ?" C- x2 X6 o& K
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' t" c% z5 @" w/ F* {, y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# G: S4 _* Y# ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; x y9 v0 f% Y( n% W( P 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, I& W* ?$ I+ G4 b) m7 \
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, L. m9 w$ N0 m1 } 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 L( u I; [4 M( X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 C( Z ?$ h; C& z/ ^2 \
* P6 c* H7 U) w2 a H
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 k! i8 G& D m8 T6 {9 I
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 x; H& A5 {& q0 V, f; B( O2 f5 r) m
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' a6 i7 g/ }. N6 l" \" {: q( J4 A 135. Popular nonobedience8 j& @; |5 f4 m7 l) Z% Q1 T* f
136. Disguised disobedience
8 b' F! E5 }- @" h. E5 l: M; @ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# s+ J# |: `$ ^( g, m
138. Sitdown
4 q0 X4 A0 e7 x6 `* U# v& `! Y" P 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 [2 E8 h" B& R4 o \2 K 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 m0 P" P! A; q2 H1 }9 S s; W
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: z+ q9 Y6 X1 ^/ f/ _
; }2 V, G5 E8 b" K& E" o' }% r; {Action by Government Personnel' }# K1 ^2 }3 ]8 n" S! p
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, B9 }. q7 ~0 B& c f0 f5 Z6 Y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. Z& w6 G9 m0 b8 |1 j 144. Stalling and obstruction h( d) J7 o- {4 A
145. General administrative noncooperation! C! q" ~2 y4 ]8 h: e( P
% j; z8 @$ o& B1 e. Q/ u2 ~5 G 146. Judicial noncooperation
0 C! G9 }3 @& R 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 o# c1 N/ M5 `% X0 F* C4 t: T
148. Mutiny
$ W4 W% y# a- G$ @3 KDomestic Governmental Action
$ i4 b$ A# R$ m4 o( g 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& _' Q5 I0 G0 Q, S* s2 B0 j. \
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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. z0 d0 f$ W) T+ pInternational Governmental Action/ m& p- y+ C0 a( v; W# M" I$ \9 q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ ]. f/ m* Z2 b( d& F 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, b1 _: V- E9 e$ p# a5 v1 g
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 [7 K2 G" }' d5 t. j: v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations; s5 v8 Y4 D$ t( ~; ?/ v! [
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) T+ q. |7 v' m1 S: K% O 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( g# T& c2 Z2 ^9 h# J. o* } 157. Expulsion from international organizations$ a4 T8 L: _. E' c
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' a4 R) v1 w G, p* N
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Psychological Intervention
$ q8 L& D0 g4 M) v: |, e: ] 158. Self-exposure to the elements+ f, E1 e- |3 F$ A: g% E2 R! u
159. The fast" A9 c* o; m4 ~7 K; N7 i2 J- A
a) Fast of moral pressure. y/ w' \5 I. N% ?5 z2 \( u$ g
b) Hunger strike) {2 Z+ {2 r5 c2 B- ^0 d
c) Satyagrahic fast5 n% C; |4 ]9 s. w |
160. Reverse trial
3 H. q% h+ b1 q: K6 V* \ 161. Nonviolent harassment% N0 f' s0 ?( i4 {
3 s( Q4 ^6 j5 }# ^4 V5 OPhysical Intervention
3 f( E" k2 X; c& v/ A& T3 ~5 P7 y 162. Sit-in) q) T a2 I2 S2 k
163. Stand-in
, W: T6 U" B2 F4 O- ~8 R# T 164. Ride-in
. u5 T, u a7 |5 N8 r* v" H 165. Wade-in
$ ?- o+ r K/ L1 m 166. Mill-in7 J/ n1 i1 }6 H1 {; w
167. Pray-in! S) z( A! P5 L. P
168. Nonviolent raids. Y- z. k$ F7 f
169. Nonviolent air raids9 `: y7 r% y0 z: y `0 ~5 w
170. Nonviolent invasion# ^) U; E- f( P8 U" t( ?9 ]- z
171. Nonviolent interjection
; F. y" C+ A' O: c2 Z5 } 172. Nonviolent obstruction
- @( P& T F% r3 T U 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention; ?8 |$ [4 N+ m, Y7 q" }
174. Establishing new social patterns0 p$ Q, Q- Q9 i9 a6 v* H
175. Overloading of facilities
: @/ e) z2 j0 O; J 176. Stall-in
0 W) j0 E T& I) s 177. Speak-in+ W0 _( h; }( h, O/ i% ?
178. Guerrilla theater8 Y( V/ P4 k: K
179. Alternative social institutions
7 W% {5 {; x9 ]8 q0 E& a 180. Alternative communication system# c- T3 y. I/ l% m- J3 O3 I5 K# \
# Q: d1 x$ v% {0 \
Economic Intervention; z, T' o% p" J2 |" ^# l* j: _
181. Reverse strike5 ~+ f# l" g" B
182. Stay-in strike# z- `- m p z& d$ ~$ ]# N- Z- k
183. Nonviolent land seizure& F( |4 P$ w& g, P$ g- _
184. Defiance of blockades
, L. x5 y8 j$ b0 p8 D# v 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 h ~0 J( R/ n/ H9 ` 186. Preclusive purchasing
. v* _. K) i# R 187. Seizure of assets
) F" n0 r9 e6 o* n) z& {3 ^5 I 188. Dumping
5 N/ o6 x" r8 @# I2 n& [ 189. Selective patronage
, e0 W' b9 E( P5 C 190. Alternative markets% M u( P3 ~0 w; K5 n# W4 {
191. Alternative transportation systems4 N. `6 v) ]8 F, L) G
192. Alternative economic institutions2 w9 L" n% ]; C9 \0 @$ `# c+ W! y
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Political Intervention
# u8 z, @" L& b/ C5 M1 U 193. Overloading of administrative systems8 ^- s, g) c8 A$ y0 h- W( } \
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& c; N( K; a% v. ]! i% d
195. Seeking imprisonment
# ?# g0 q5 H2 W7 {7 e 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& I* k, K/ [) ]0 \! g2 a: e& t( _ 197. Work-on without collaboration) D7 S- D' `( r. ^5 d
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 |: P1 r7 l) p2 @$ ]4 x
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
