 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# P* X/ x* g8 ?, G# Y
Formal Statements
* g+ K% o, A u+ A! c p 1. Public Speeches' [9 r H6 j- O( B- ?* e! o" n
2. Letters of opposition or support6 B: H6 V, i8 Q R( |$ ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
- ~: M+ K. x* `, e. d# V 4. Signed public statements4 V2 T E$ Y$ |3 m3 x7 h
5. Declarations of indictment and intention' @" H& Z L. s- V3 ?
6. Group or mass petitions
( ~& U: B9 u, o5 r5 L. j, l% Y4 s
9 M: Z; W6 d0 A8 Z# Q) R( ^* dCommunications with a Wider Audience
6 k( Y# Q9 P: c l5 g% q4 R( P( Q; W 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ H/ y) V+ ^ P% L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ {4 V. A7 Y% U" q: ^/ \1 j/ b4 Y4 q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 P% n" y$ B, }, o 10. Newspapers and journals* D* j* ?7 R( G* i, J' S6 c* u2 [: d& `
11. Records, radio, and television
& f: ]& Y D0 W5 Q! c' ^0 x& a C 12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ N+ d( K$ h C; Z2 y2 z' Q
) k4 O; |0 E2 \2 j% S
Group Representations
$ V1 O8 f2 m/ }, y. E( G. X! e 13. Deputations8 [( `" P% R. r; h4 b. j
14. Mock awards% ~( J( z! `# V ~
15. Group lobbying
0 n2 J- m3 u' I" d, v2 e! n/ _ 16. Picketing
: I5 Z9 A2 X' V: Y6 e: q( m 17. Mock elections! z7 @& P1 h; P \, i
4 u6 X" o' v z( v) |, NSymbolic Public Acts
( I5 T# Q! r: |& y6 |* m/ j* U+ x9 l 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, ^" Z( c, g7 E+ x6 W/ m" H 19. Wearing of symbols8 I3 q) N1 h" D3 B
20. Prayer and worship3 T: m8 o; j( D
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ C' o" s6 t4 ?7 ]0 \! d+ q: t2 d
22. Protest disrobings
# G* `+ i( t- O7 G: c" w( X 23. Destruction of own property
' B5 g8 J4 b/ t% ~0 O2 z+ E2 x 24. Symbolic lights+ @$ W3 T7 }; F
25. Displays of portraits0 l/ K; T' j$ m) a+ d, }: z5 t/ v& p
26. Paint as protest1 ]9 z/ m" [ c
27. New signs and names
9 X. Y' i' ~9 ?2 F% S) r 28. Symbolic sounds
+ d6 K1 W* _9 h' \$ A 29. Symbolic reclamations+ q' d( ^$ S2 Q
30. Rude gestures( ?; f; G e5 F2 C3 D m
# x+ U. a8 k9 \, B F# R
Pressures on Individuals
6 F' _; [; c( h U( g# ?- L( G 31. “Haunting” officials
/ z( K& S. w2 v3 i7 D0 L 32. Taunting officials0 p5 t% l! @4 H; L
33. Fraternization
) g. z$ N1 @' g; Z; H7 i 34. Vigils
* @+ c7 k" h$ c2 R" m9 f, q. n" V9 a) @- b& [
Drama and Music
8 X. h: X( s$ V0 U 35. Humorous skits and pranks& _& m& u+ p' G. d) d+ q
36. Performances of plays and music
' A t% B: L; b K 37. Singing7 C. [" W" `; F2 s
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Processions
: ~1 N: }7 ~: ?6 n 38. Marches3 i( K" k/ m2 a4 _
39. Parades. F6 w. l7 E5 `/ M1 |4 e$ _
40. Religious processions
! ?9 P" o9 h6 U5 u& W 41. Pilgrimages5 j5 |5 d% B( U) K, r0 C) p$ B
42. Motorcades
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) D& y5 n* t6 Y7 N6 RHonoring the Dead
6 Z8 g$ A: s" D 43. Political mourning3 V0 h& ^6 E" N/ ]/ |
44. Mock funerals: y) W3 z7 ]" u* V9 c: F
45. Demonstrative funerals% t, _1 k. D( M- s7 J
46. Homage at burial places2 R' w- D2 X- `+ C2 E) B; C f6 ^
, Y. z. C8 W% Z) pPublic Assemblies
& B# n/ e; ?' C: ]9 U 47. Assemblies of protest or support6 _5 \% `; w; d4 f3 e
48. Protest meetings# P. ?% g: N2 q* U) w
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 ^- }+ h4 K$ a# K9 b$ W, w8 ]
50. Teach-ins0 B6 }/ n6 k: k* }
9 O1 s! a% m- {! K7 t2 H4 W8 N8 Q/ n
Withdrawal and Renunciation$ Q9 C; p5 q$ N/ M" |
51. Walk-outs
. k, ]0 s8 h [# _1 ]! G# t# g 52. Silence6 C# @8 H9 H& h. R4 n
53. Renouncing honors
1 `3 M0 }+ D1 t- u) X2 x9 q( C) b 54. Turning one’s back
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8 c. B+ B5 Q$ n( i6 K
) K; x$ p" c C6 F: f: c( A) x0 P9 T' e6 {* b) w6 [( W: G& q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( H! W( w+ v* D. r7 b& _! f
7 p' a7 N4 ~/ ?& S' Q5 o# d
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4 l" {/ d- L' G0 POstracism of Persons2 ?) b S# ?5 ]4 u& U% K3 q
55. Social boycott' L8 Y+ I$ z) X; q) p
56. Selective social boycott) R; X, a6 A+ \- e
57. Lysistratic nonaction$ s9 m1 O e+ S2 p& E7 r
58. Excommunication; a. w& H0 [2 _+ F4 F: f; p
59. Interdict. t& d' x q" F; @
3 ~9 b* M; x, P. {: [8 ?9 l" tNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; v$ B0 q( H1 u+ K8 ?7 F8 v
60. Suspension of social and sports activities! A/ ?2 q1 A2 H9 e% O2 z
61. Boycott of social affairs
3 R" ]" M6 B% |! H 62. Student strike: X5 N1 h: A3 J. P$ W" n. |
63. Social disobedience
& ] x5 E' B! p5 r3 |' P 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 A' L& ?1 \% Z8 M9 ^, X
- W& E& o" X/ q) f8 S- G1 E9 jWithdrawal from the Social System2 S0 r; W1 e2 c1 z$ R: n
65. Stay-at-home
9 w9 l7 g& y! Y6 |1 M# s 66. Total personal noncooperation
, a' d4 q" y5 [# i) L& g- @' Z 67. “Flight” of workers8 n) g$ _/ Q% S! ^
68. Sanctuary2 u/ Q4 ^' O9 Z; f% M
69. Collective disappearance
5 E) M7 u+ y& z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)6 j4 e& i/ c* x0 A
7 b% D; A( s& u & F! e4 k7 Q# I' h3 M! t
3 { {0 b( K( k, P4 B' _" Z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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' G3 O( v) [% U
Actions by Consumers8 ?+ Z+ W! S/ P, v+ X7 D
71. Consumers’ boycott% D6 N1 w+ j; z ^8 ^8 m1 G7 U
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: o$ Y& R1 J' a6 J- R. |6 E 73. Policy of austerity+ O; h( h. W. z' v
74. Rent withholding$ O2 ]& ]% s9 a) @
75. Refusal to rent- j( P) w* I# z+ W+ I p4 |2 R- m
76. National consumers’ boycott
" S" ~, E6 i# D& k% V 77. International consumers’ boycott
2 J" ? V; ~7 Z5 d2 K# i8 T5 R+ U
Action by Workers and Producers
% [9 \0 m6 M L+ _4 ~ 78. Workmen’s boycott
9 y8 G% U$ |, X5 E5 _) M& h 79. Producers’ boycott
8 C, G; m# N- w/ @! s; e
; H. S1 u/ A+ q$ q8 z+ EAction by Middlemen
# U9 c ?- d& \+ _( e1 [ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" M% I" I8 g, K8 e: s6 U1 y8 Z; P- M1 O$ U; j9 D B
Action by Owners and Management
. b; q+ J- h$ i$ X; Y" s 81. Traders’ boycott5 S5 O$ r2 Y6 A7 v9 I1 }+ c
82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 j# h5 q/ Q8 F/ t0 D 83. Lockout' d5 ^6 n1 u& ]8 ^' M5 X" e
84. Refusal of industrial assistance& c( V% ^0 f! L& b0 h
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& w; H2 f/ k; ?+ r3 a" C
/ H9 h2 @1 M4 W8 R1 nAction by Holders of Financial Resources
$ F3 l% F3 b, y6 b2 l6 b' ^+ {5 a 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
2 U3 U1 I r/ f7 m m5 | 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# D- I: O& K) `5 ?% @2 ?
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 A6 i3 Z9 J2 M& Y% T0 b" X 89. Severance of funds and credit0 }2 F+ y9 c9 b* C' Y1 B! l
90. Revenue refusal
+ h( t( Q- h3 V' z" T" U; w) D 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 U: A5 L2 M2 O- r+ ]0 T0 r2 O
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Action by Governments
5 v/ D1 I2 N) ~; f% z: s9 @ 92. Domestic embargo
0 _' x5 ]1 e8 q9 a0 U$ e2 f 93. Blacklisting of traders' h s/ j& B* q4 U0 u7 I
94. International sellers’ embargo
L6 l6 Z \& V; _) H 95. International buyers’ embargo
. F$ V7 D9 p) u* I 96. International trade embargo
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* c+ _- ?2 l9 s1 S& u" j 1 z* ?9 a) G8 H6 N) s6 x
1 D0 S8 I% N/ X* wTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' O7 j7 ?; p$ o5 K: ^5 S) T& Q/ p
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Symbolic Strikes
0 D; t) @" c5 P0 k, f3 H6 i 97. Protest strike
4 L: G6 n' G# z+ I4 X+ V% h$ O7 W 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& @7 A: r/ X: c- G9 v H- G$ u- q
9 y2 G4 n3 v# d5 U# S
Agricultural Strikes
, v" v( B! O! {/ u" J 99. Peasant strike
% A6 O/ |% O. r3 X+ U* A 100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ z2 m, Q) Y; @2 Y: I- _4 Y1 l* e" u/ K) r
Strikes by Special Groups
# T3 J6 ~: s# y4 f 101. Refusal of impressed labor8 i, k" ^$ t C" C/ a) M" Z {& P
102. Prisoners’ strike8 F! e1 m, ~, R# t
103. Craft strike# [) x1 ^- }- k/ W: j
104. Professional strike
1 x1 L; Y d, I3 { h$ S& ]5 `( |4 |" E8 y5 H) o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
* A- i# u6 ^, \9 N4 O0 k0 _ o 105. Establishment strike) h* g2 M; I, t& {
106. Industry strike
% |. S- w+ b# r 107. Sympathetic strike8 A1 g# G& V! @! K6 A7 d& B
+ u3 i1 Y6 U5 e8 JRestricted Strikes0 u0 v% @; X8 q) Z: e" Q* {5 G6 P( i. P
108. Detailed strike
& x/ b2 L5 ]$ c& |( U3 x 109. Bumper strike' D' f0 h9 q6 h/ |4 Y' R& r
110. Slowdown strike
9 I* T3 s) w: m; r; D4 h, _ 111. Working-to-rule strike
2 v# K7 c8 Q4 |% m 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ D+ X% ]0 }2 s8 s 113. Strike by resignation
0 F' E6 Z8 |& e( d 114. Limited strike
, U& v, {& n) R% ` 115. Selective strike/ g- x1 `, W' f
; e* B- {7 a' |) P5 I5 g8 e
Multi-Industry Strikes
3 Z1 U# \' u- a$ W# J) z
& d, T# Y) O1 v 116. Generalized strike
5 p4 U" p+ j" R+ A: B; m! U2 P8 k- s5 O* H3 M
117. General strike
V' P! G3 \# T. j# `0 j2 G+ V% T* F: o) S' Q' L
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. k5 B/ u4 [9 J
V, h* x$ P1 ^' ~( w( a0 ] 118. Hartal! q0 Q) q8 R& q! q" }; @
; [* T5 [* V/ Q: X' f3 F `9 X
119. Economic shutdown
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1 y# ?0 K# C/ k0 \" cTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 N3 |& y" j- K2 {" P' vRejection of Authority
3 Y) E. Q2 E' \ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 j x4 \ q4 z0 I& @$ D+ u 121. Refusal of public support. l& R: a2 U, e; r8 r8 H6 V: a* o1 b
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 Q4 t# q5 `; d1 C6 t _
& l, T9 [2 v, S' c+ xCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' {/ ]4 `+ A' x 123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 B7 k+ Z( l# F" `4 i
124. Boycott of elections! ? y- F9 F' s, z7 d) v
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& B! A; V. L" y- J$ o( Q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 W, ~" ?5 x3 F. s2 p
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" A1 ? N4 B; @9 G: Z% h6 T2 t 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% A# j r/ g$ ?/ g0 k 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# D* M7 T3 H& m# ?. R3 {
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 r' d! r3 y) p& v' W1 o+ R K
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. w; \- K, z6 q& x9 k 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 K5 r! H) R- ~" H
& w" t2 B, l! K5 s
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 F% d- B0 E# G$ s
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: `% h8 e! a, o% A" F 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 F$ P, ~1 m+ u, F 135. Popular nonobedience% w* b: v) ^# {$ A: A, z9 `
136. Disguised disobedience
) H0 `" [4 {" d3 H/ g 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 \: B: l9 V( m+ T& a: P
138. Sitdown
0 e- u0 B/ P, H: M9 i& l, | 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# o" H, Q1 E- |8 N, o& _ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 `7 r/ }# N, ? y8 o) c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& m- N) K# E- g& N) m/ l' L7 H
* z$ O9 x! v+ z; e8 EAction by Government Personnel% N( ]1 k$ g7 D8 V
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 l. @1 U+ I! r0 a) ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ g0 g- h5 Q$ @2 b$ h. ^ 144. Stalling and obstruction
0 Y( s# p8 ?& Q2 q( s 145. General administrative noncooperation
- @9 F! h" w7 N/ m& I9 M/ x. R5 O
2 t% l: R) o6 f+ x 146. Judicial noncooperation
# e5 e7 \2 s+ s" J1 F) D 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- f2 y5 b. Y! Z7 R* L8 V
148. Mutiny" M: D0 H x+ Z6 A9 @1 w8 ?' o
Domestic Governmental Action
# `6 o' l" @, J* u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 Q! J7 f! B4 H- R 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& G q; A1 w5 z. x
3 g1 @3 P+ A! J" d+ K2 ^International Governmental Action
. z: e+ Y% r. @* e! a9 L 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ E) e- W/ f$ m
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 _# b. V4 p/ e* D4 g* d 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, G. X2 _7 f9 d0 ^. T1 v
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 n# o, F" t7 y" a 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ v2 I/ n' f) K) F1 y5 P. s% H- ^ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* X7 G# Q1 j" l p; t 157. Expulsion from international organizations `* _& A. ~3 P; U- e
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; a, T, |0 D& L' S; N8 n( q1 n6 }2 U2 i& i) G4 V
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Psychological Intervention: B- Z( n1 i3 W# C' W, X" S: Y
158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ S( a3 ~' I! R$ X& J, ^ 159. The fast
8 W$ R& P1 Q1 }; D& ` a) Fast of moral pressure: N2 B$ {) f" H2 p0 B+ V/ A' M
b) Hunger strike
( P7 E1 C" @; ? c) Satyagrahic fast
& l2 B* ?& Z5 C8 J6 }7 [8 a; l 160. Reverse trial
' H# T% |! w" f- Y0 E& e 161. Nonviolent harassment
. y. @$ W8 [; r/ e1 a6 y8 e% N" U' a7 y+ ?
Physical Intervention
E& `* w0 ]. H: e8 I 162. Sit-in5 D9 l" S8 E3 _- S$ W1 A6 e: {
163. Stand-in
1 H7 J3 s2 a& f' b5 \ 164. Ride-in
( n/ s9 X' q# ~) h l7 Z 165. Wade-in3 c; }" G1 r2 K% H% n/ J8 d& L. ?
166. Mill-in$ Q' R) \0 e9 R5 }) w; D6 o
167. Pray-in
8 O5 X+ b+ ?3 e" M3 L+ u 168. Nonviolent raids
( ~. c1 M2 p: X5 n6 B 169. Nonviolent air raids% R- A- R; l9 d; m
170. Nonviolent invasion2 a* m6 E) i3 @. z2 q
171. Nonviolent interjection
3 G( M) i3 K0 J: | y 172. Nonviolent obstruction. j# J4 r3 n/ T% g6 q) q- h% f/ C6 S
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
" D# ^ S" L1 x: }! P8 Y$ g6 }% L 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 S; j6 f4 v' B2 E 175. Overloading of facilities/ i+ x( _: ?* n, m1 |1 X" a9 a
176. Stall-in
7 `8 L+ t1 {$ s 177. Speak-in
2 j0 Q: c z5 \3 {" j: b) z 178. Guerrilla theater% ~9 j X" K( r8 c- ~% d
179. Alternative social institutions# S2 t8 w3 C0 M! ~0 e
180. Alternative communication system0 w+ B/ S1 X( C. M) v @
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Economic Intervention
$ X" j, h' x8 Y2 R" J2 ?( u% c( \7 \ 181. Reverse strike
; @$ ]7 Q9 ^* d7 y 182. Stay-in strike( [( i s$ l2 o4 |9 R2 r: o
183. Nonviolent land seizure
; V. P6 m+ Q$ Y8 I/ C+ l5 H0 A 184. Defiance of blockades& |. D! f6 L% C5 P
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" y2 m& Y# Y* T. y, d4 d* ^
186. Preclusive purchasing1 B9 w2 _# y4 e, m- `9 Y/ s
187. Seizure of assets4 G. u& X( U3 s, P; w; [
188. Dumping
+ b* O, E2 V1 U6 @) s 189. Selective patronage
7 ?# Z$ t! x {' ~" O e 190. Alternative markets
# H5 w. p' P& C, D6 R 191. Alternative transportation systems
/ _# u4 H) {- M0 Z/ e 192. Alternative economic institutions
$ {& _+ N: d0 K) O4 W U2 ~
2 c! [$ X7 R) _+ W8 d5 qPolitical Intervention; h: l% `6 S; [5 g0 `
193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 {' r0 }* w2 x* ?+ S 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" \( W9 Y* H' m 195. Seeking imprisonment3 G8 {4 u4 b7 F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 T6 y: U4 K, C1 O
197. Work-on without collaboration" I, p# c7 O# [& ~ _
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
