 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. |) T$ F# W' J) I- r y
Formal Statements
+ t2 m, T9 x, d) r 1. Public Speeches: G. K+ J$ e" ^9 }
2. Letters of opposition or support4 [. w" }, j/ u4 E4 n: u
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* v1 W. p/ Y! D! E1 O/ B$ [ 4. Signed public statements' O" z9 c0 h ^' U% d' O( ?5 R
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
u9 T/ g# b4 w/ Z8 y, W5 T3 r- H 6. Group or mass petitions- W: q- X, `" G- }9 Q+ P
( A/ z- e1 k4 | k/ {
Communications with a Wider Audience
6 U; X& b6 M& Y7 F0 e* V8 B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
O$ }; P: u* U L" [/ D/ |8 u 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ m1 z3 V! }7 g. q# K
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* G0 l3 ]0 f; w3 k 10. Newspapers and journals
' u) D$ q1 C; \- } 11. Records, radio, and television
4 o! T# d- g6 V5 q. n 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' ?1 f+ x- q( Y- b7 S- |. y2 n, H/ F1 g& H/ u: M" @/ X# r4 y3 l
Group Representations7 O! G# ]8 n$ \- ]1 g
13. Deputations, d" D4 B7 H& k6 B9 X( R) ]/ s6 p
14. Mock awards
, c/ M* x# G1 I' P/ m 15. Group lobbying
0 O6 P* _. }! h3 {* X( B A 16. Picketing% [) L' U# X, Z
17. Mock elections
. c) V$ Y2 w7 G2 b. v, W! v: g( U1 W: s; j R T2 d% ~0 A3 f
Symbolic Public Acts3 T& b0 F; A" X: V
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; H. m- ]' ?( \# b9 k$ I" W. l 19. Wearing of symbols! I( P6 i8 N" m$ `2 g
20. Prayer and worship: f- x$ o' T) W' k- Z; E
21. Delivering symbolic objects. G# b+ p. k, H+ _
22. Protest disrobings" ~. [3 W/ _! u ~0 H% r9 M0 ]! v
23. Destruction of own property
C$ c5 J o4 m) n 24. Symbolic lights
{' n+ {' `4 i* C' v" I 25. Displays of portraits
% [ l; G1 _$ l# w5 z 26. Paint as protest: m! n$ I: Y2 P' n1 x) h& i
27. New signs and names
+ D f: Z+ W0 b$ a4 ]8 M 28. Symbolic sounds
8 S4 ?- b; Q1 E! U, I% t 29. Symbolic reclamations( S* J% ?* Y2 y E
30. Rude gestures
6 w& x/ _9 M D% e, j) A2 w/ R! Q7 }4 r
Pressures on Individuals
7 |/ ^) Q, X# }6 n, i 31. “Haunting” officials0 j9 U0 N$ Z R5 o0 ]# m2 r
32. Taunting officials
8 V# T1 @1 |; I' X 33. Fraternization# }. ?% B! }4 o
34. Vigils
7 ~& h# i' y m5 z0 O( }' J7 c8 k, m# X) ?, S
Drama and Music$ d4 d! { B( w; n
35. Humorous skits and pranks0 G/ ^$ k6 T, q. b# W
36. Performances of plays and music
1 F4 ~6 t* M. a4 f% Y6 ~ 37. Singing
: ]/ k1 L5 W5 x8 W0 g+ ^8 y/ H! \6 m, Y
Processions
7 W2 g1 |+ H3 p# L$ |; K 38. Marches! p6 D1 n2 D- M9 ?1 w3 _
39. Parades* F8 s; J8 b* X/ a5 t" \+ m6 V
40. Religious processions3 i6 e1 ?5 h- c! m
41. Pilgrimages' \; i. z9 p# i5 ~$ ^+ T! ^4 u
42. Motorcades
" E# ^$ {+ i5 G" U/ a
) U+ k) Q0 J" n j0 XHonoring the Dead* _7 B. \* [" @, b5 ~" S* O
43. Political mourning
2 @3 e* B$ o; ~ 44. Mock funerals, X2 G% i7 K% j7 |! }3 c
45. Demonstrative funerals
# |1 ~; P* J4 C1 v2 u# K' D 46. Homage at burial places
) x y O5 T3 G9 K; G8 L2 n5 d; q3 n8 r: e
Public Assemblies$ U- B( L% }4 Z7 }, o
47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ s3 M: J' D; Z* ~ J 48. Protest meetings+ q; K8 }5 V2 Q( h" I. M! y
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ B, |0 R# I- O- r
50. Teach-ins: k! q6 w7 l& p) R' \3 f( e
" R* }& d! q% L$ jWithdrawal and Renunciation
$ u- u+ i$ R5 n. C 51. Walk-outs
) U2 Y& g, ^. C# B* t5 K, s, O7 ^) H2 ` 52. Silence
) J$ V6 h, Y9 J/ f 53. Renouncing honors* c! v' K$ N& B+ X. b" x7 I0 ?
54. Turning one’s back! K: s" \' u3 w2 w' X- D& \
\$ z- f6 |' F1 V7 h
]* c# H ~" L: Q) o( M* z. j$ @/ N0 F1 l( @
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, `1 Y* A3 [) \# t# U2 q
" U2 z0 m% i+ n/ R3 @0 N
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' U" \; t3 G- H3 y" ^Ostracism of Persons& B/ o: o/ C. Y+ p' O5 l8 p2 ?
55. Social boycott: b% u2 e0 D( P( b
56. Selective social boycott
5 W; r% t! h$ R0 s- W 57. Lysistratic nonaction
. P4 i: Z% D) f5 F& X- p) n 58. Excommunication6 J# z! p! j4 r9 i0 R+ j2 }
59. Interdict9 t7 t: D& m8 A* n8 J
! @) c4 o, w0 s1 b( \7 Y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ o4 ~- Z: R- D( a( O: P* Z 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, S( p! r( o% a3 m 61. Boycott of social affairs
* M, m* X; @8 k1 s9 H1 ?+ @/ U% ` 62. Student strike
5 `' m! T* a) A' O2 Z 63. Social disobedience w p' Z5 z: Z8 T
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 h/ u2 G6 d4 G8 X! @ G A. a. `7 T. ]6 G$ v7 ?% L1 X2 M
Withdrawal from the Social System
) Z# E$ D# V0 V* {6 n8 S 65. Stay-at-home6 j6 p( T" w! r" F5 ]
66. Total personal noncooperation
- S/ Z" O. t; [/ r9 v" {. M 67. “Flight” of workers
" f$ O0 ~0 j7 F* U: T% B; u 68. Sanctuary0 U6 m" f3 [; B& A
69. Collective disappearance8 Q- [ t& R1 }1 K
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# p$ F* S) Q5 X
6 L' L2 [, V1 e+ F' b3 Q
5 H8 w- g, s! g' r3 y
9 p N# M3 R7 P$ O% r3 O l/ {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
) @ K# ^" n+ l( y7 X6 W
2 }, @! |, P+ u( G& n
' i! y1 {# V: Q, @- CActions by Consumers
+ ?4 l! R$ O( x. S: \ T 71. Consumers’ boycott( j, e. h+ K* T1 _. H+ U0 N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" R, A# C$ G* s
73. Policy of austerity- t* U' a8 C; }$ s' v' u
74. Rent withholding" H% ~1 X$ i3 A! |7 r3 b g6 C3 c
75. Refusal to rent2 @8 n7 N4 _/ w o* N7 i
76. National consumers’ boycott$ P1 ~' ~/ ^, m
77. International consumers’ boycott
# B) L1 v, v/ U% c5 x9 ]6 M) m, k$ R% D' y' ^. w/ I# d+ Q, o
Action by Workers and Producers
+ K5 L9 t- I5 a# K, j N1 @ 78. Workmen’s boycott3 K8 b H! z2 ^/ `( _$ t, f; d& \
79. Producers’ boycott
0 T5 F8 H; x$ b1 O) u4 s. ]
* m* |( D. _1 M! eAction by Middlemen. y% V" i8 }9 T: u1 P' M
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
s% A0 N* R o. e
! I. V3 r. o8 n- v3 [Action by Owners and Management
. o; a6 p& o' V 81. Traders’ boycott, F" p2 ~8 X( V( d/ T. h8 i9 T
82. Refusal to let or sell property
% O' c- @' K1 M' \# I2 g 83. Lockout' l& j; h1 B' |( ~. }: t: a; S
84. Refusal of industrial assistance" Q! M2 f* K1 X) |: Z
85. Merchants’ “general strike”% M* k& v7 _$ M1 m
! {# [$ Q0 g0 b
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 v$ Q b$ O+ \6 p) F# w* t 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( H8 B% j6 W0 Y9 ], V 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; [6 Y% i3 E2 j
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 G8 R6 e; U n! I
89. Severance of funds and credit1 O' A* m2 b6 s
90. Revenue refusal
- T2 r3 a; \* p8 S* O+ }+ k) k 91. Refusal of a government’s money/ ? B+ e* b1 j2 A) y( u; b8 f
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Action by Governments
2 [5 k Q* x ?- P7 r 92. Domestic embargo
& v: Q# B7 d# z( ?8 ^* E& V) Q 93. Blacklisting of traders
6 {: P2 c- b& J5 c4 B0 S 94. International sellers’ embargo* d0 C# M8 h: j& [
95. International buyers’ embargo; q" C7 D# b e! s! S6 N; Q
96. International trade embargo9 f0 T J3 l( j% U1 O2 V
5 N. W9 t$ N7 L" }# y) t3 r) d
6 N# q4 ~ Z$ Y, k# h* w# \5 K' _2 c/ t
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 {) [! e( @: }4 I; C/ S0 H8 JSymbolic Strikes
; Q2 Z* p1 T- Z; x- {# s+ A 97. Protest strike6 l+ a+ N _3 k! k$ r g4 G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' N0 [/ y7 f8 u6 L
' a9 k! ~* ^; R+ P0 N# e/ @Agricultural Strikes9 X2 N1 z" h" s$ ] a
99. Peasant strike4 D8 {4 z, u* w, ~5 a/ q$ O
100. Farm Workers’ strike1 U& Y6 r' V) p9 c& ~( t. N8 e
& z$ r% l0 O0 \# n1 xStrikes by Special Groups
$ {" X2 J! V+ @; j 101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 w$ l, h0 J9 E7 ~ 102. Prisoners’ strike9 n/ j; A9 m- S1 C: \3 z
103. Craft strike) i' E/ u0 w# l) d! s" \, Q' r
104. Professional strike
5 U! E( S" r3 z9 f& _8 r/ M8 q# ^# ^$ A* E: w! S! Q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes' n% E% T. p( \1 ]
105. Establishment strike
) P2 t5 q9 o H2 R" G; d8 ?7 x+ P 106. Industry strike6 V+ @* D/ i# [# K8 N" I
107. Sympathetic strike
0 y" E# u. N9 k( h, l1 v. `. C0 {& `0 m2 E, f, I3 |
Restricted Strikes' @! y8 ]+ n9 N/ a( L/ g0 L- _
108. Detailed strike$ B$ @/ H3 s* X, A* B! U
109. Bumper strike- ^, I0 E) d2 X3 ~2 w! ]5 k# d
110. Slowdown strike
0 W( n! h- m3 B 111. Working-to-rule strike
" l0 \4 B& Z" L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% Y7 T6 ?. ?' d# M, n 113. Strike by resignation8 R) `0 S( C& _, f4 F: [
114. Limited strike
2 V/ Y9 I% F% u0 I9 x2 h6 n3 `9 P1 e 115. Selective strike
, | C0 l) b* b1 X9 ]5 a& h" c5 T) [8 O+ @' K$ j# I
Multi-Industry Strikes5 E9 {3 a/ a& ?1 V7 k
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116. Generalized strike
1 M+ x$ t; h% q( \1 \* @! g( k% s& M- j; M
117. General strike6 N! M3 B9 m% O u
2 p+ s. I: P& b0 `/ zCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 I8 @8 w+ D- D& L/ y+ k9 J1 ]. Y
) F3 s m2 D8 L$ F# R 118. Hartal/ Y9 c3 Q. _" ^ u
% C* w1 G; h" \; B 119. Economic shutdown% ?) u9 t& L& x( y; v( C
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 i% j# w# D. [# R) K- r
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Rejection of Authority
8 t# X g! u! A, P3 O 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* U# {' x' ^& u7 R( c 121. Refusal of public support
9 r: A* X2 U4 D0 ^7 i 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance* u ~3 t1 ?4 M9 L- _$ T0 U
, |/ G3 M: o) u& `
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 O U+ M% X) S# ?; X% k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 }0 b' j0 P) v! K8 b% z 124. Boycott of elections
2 i7 }3 e" t7 U2 F 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 r; e- p2 o1 h2 y' x' N 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" g5 }8 Y9 \4 W+ s; ? 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ T s: |# P* d# \ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 @% ^1 Z' U- b% q+ v
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents h3 t0 ?8 ^; w+ e! F
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 k# |" o9 F9 H* {' y0 E
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* x) d$ i) V8 r2 o8 S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
Q4 T9 _5 B o9 E# U/ C! [6 G% d! c5 C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ q5 c7 R$ t9 g! P 133. Reluctant and slow compliance# i9 d) D; j: \# q' j
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision T0 ?4 q6 H; ?* L* Z+ ^
135. Popular nonobedience5 n5 F& v# p7 z# Z& c
136. Disguised disobedience
3 b" |$ k9 D/ G) d* U" z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 k4 K; { a* y, C u7 ]5 U3 `; {
138. Sitdown, {0 c! x9 B* d
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( i6 x5 |/ g) d* h/ y( Z9 D* [ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) t7 m- \! L9 Q% n A% K 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 S5 f+ P% I# h4 I) ]: d8 P$ z/ O0 f6 N
Action by Government Personnel$ Q+ n u- M3 N9 @# W; K1 r
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 }; J7 y H. J# r$ p0 \
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: C1 y4 |* ? S- ?; N; G0 c1 M 144. Stalling and obstruction
2 Y9 U f: D( X5 p: s 145. General administrative noncooperation& ^5 d& H: [& Y$ M
, q) I4 \& \" M2 k) C 146. Judicial noncooperation
_, t" O4 H: a$ O5 [ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; V9 b p: a( S& u, ~* W 148. Mutiny) W3 G1 K: v% P; d% {9 Z
Domestic Governmental Action8 ]! `- y- k0 |: [3 b
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ ^3 X' p* p6 D
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* K2 {4 l& J( V8 z0 U+ @9 y
% D+ o; j! a' D: v5 @International Governmental Action6 o0 y; _+ X! I6 w
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 w& K; z3 j& v2 \% @5 |7 M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, e4 W# \ U) ]) f* r 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( P9 M' Y( l6 r
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% G" H' `. i" Y; Z' {, Q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations! q% n% l. Z" ?4 }
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% {) i- F3 k- K! _, ]2 B 157. Expulsion from international organizations3 K- y5 \6 l2 y, W
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1 D5 J. ^, `4 B) n9 JTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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, |7 Z1 x0 ?; c+ FPsychological Intervention: D0 N# S# z- q d
158. Self-exposure to the elements
j7 v+ |1 t/ w r* I6 q% w 159. The fast4 d2 k! m$ B- y/ t3 `, w
a) Fast of moral pressure# y& W4 S y0 B8 m2 q/ s
b) Hunger strike" c5 A/ a( d9 M; Y% F6 n
c) Satyagrahic fast
; [4 D, r1 G4 w% A" {- ~ 160. Reverse trial4 C5 q) V2 N8 b6 f' }4 i
161. Nonviolent harassment/ ~2 ^1 g: @; A8 x& h/ O( y3 g# c
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Physical Intervention
# X T, V1 \6 w7 D; f- ^ A1 ] 162. Sit-in) Y) `7 H* L. ~/ c
163. Stand-in
2 Y L' q7 t( Z+ _; x/ I1 T 164. Ride-in
C. D! P1 O5 Z' Z 165. Wade-in* q. a# K& c) F7 Z3 Y3 }+ p, D( |
166. Mill-in; Q5 p7 K, W5 p; P( j: \
167. Pray-in
* I/ n$ B/ {, r5 |% l! \6 r 168. Nonviolent raids+ {) l! `) J2 m9 K6 @+ f8 r- V& \
169. Nonviolent air raids* {# O* d7 s2 f/ f& s% g
170. Nonviolent invasion
4 V1 b8 c1 ]/ I9 K3 ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection3 @4 H8 ~" V9 {# C O1 k4 k
172. Nonviolent obstruction
! R% S* Q- s* i 173. Nonviolent occupation9 ?# T, O3 s; F! t
S0 o( N% i5 x+ @8 o) LSocial Intervention
+ o6 h1 X. t9 Q( y$ J 174. Establishing new social patterns6 B5 _8 O, l j- J% S& }
175. Overloading of facilities
8 Y6 E) K$ N1 L! B6 O6 ? 176. Stall-in M! _2 P1 K) \- w9 \! z
177. Speak-in
5 y- M3 p2 f) r! M1 `4 k' S 178. Guerrilla theater+ {1 Y3 I; U9 I6 J' o4 s4 y3 i
179. Alternative social institutions
2 f6 z$ _+ o0 k* H2 @4 u' Q 180. Alternative communication system
3 V% T& J% f6 \
* k& n' K) _- L( ^! QEconomic Intervention
3 O- \( A; P7 p 181. Reverse strike
8 N! {0 {- c; ?) n k 182. Stay-in strike& }# k3 Z; ^! x' O$ A
183. Nonviolent land seizure# m3 t% q- H# v; g
184. Defiance of blockades7 G2 k, S2 f! q- P. n/ ?8 S
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 p: Z% }! Z0 c2 V0 c( @
186. Preclusive purchasing2 Z! r; I! [, M; n" o% |, ]
187. Seizure of assets6 }/ d' O" ]) s$ K' z$ l% s
188. Dumping
! k) P. a+ ]* y6 A4 A" I# ? 189. Selective patronage5 p( C% I" g4 c8 [4 q! }
190. Alternative markets
8 W# x+ o) [- C! a1 K) m 191. Alternative transportation systems
- t& D5 B3 Y0 U# B" P6 ? 192. Alternative economic institutions. }9 ^6 |0 N$ D0 n$ d' F6 U
! f. e5 J/ W7 ~) E% bPolitical Intervention( x4 _6 e4 B3 e' G$ ?
193. Overloading of administrative systems
* r: y* H' v. ~2 g2 k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 F( J$ k# m* e9 f4 [- R 195. Seeking imprisonment3 Y# Z* y* p( f3 W8 F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& p& I5 T- X* Y# J+ I o" ?( E0 R 197. Work-on without collaboration
6 I+ s) d* n& r1 @2 g3 } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* E3 b, I `8 n0 q- T0 l" p
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
