 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 r! i+ i& T- P: K# y/ m+ p0 sFormal Statements# G @+ N4 r- z; g) L/ \, M! O
1. Public Speeches ]6 i5 B) ~: O- e1 M' U# u
2. Letters of opposition or support
3 u1 d6 {6 h& C* n' d! ` 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 f1 l* t2 Y; p- p& N 4. Signed public statements
5 Z7 m' ?9 C/ G) ]" q$ ? 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, R. D/ `, H, R5 ?5 T 6. Group or mass petitions
q* e" N7 l/ J8 R1 ]3 Q" V
, K0 h. o% z. T6 P2 jCommunications with a Wider Audience* k# E' D3 z, Y/ ~0 c( @
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ \5 x& m. I$ j3 E$ L" ]; D6 f. Z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# N7 a- q3 q8 S6 z% o. q- S
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 J5 T$ J* x/ ^+ Y 10. Newspapers and journals' \2 B+ L: K Y
11. Records, radio, and television
( F4 m# I+ M8 J+ @ k- Y8 Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 w/ Y2 }: B4 X7 A1 g. o
6 ^ h3 d% b$ c/ E! K; ~ WGroup Representations5 Q, B1 N1 a9 E
13. Deputations
. [1 ^6 y4 X7 N) B 14. Mock awards
; B, X2 h# i2 C/ f- Z 15. Group lobbying6 I! I7 B. ?0 d7 d
16. Picketing
0 U5 {2 w) N2 x$ l+ N7 Z7 V) f 17. Mock elections, _& u7 ]' K7 X, Y, @) b
) M( z9 O; _4 [. pSymbolic Public Acts. v0 ]- M8 {: t# @% Z1 b
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 Q. m/ H) V4 h7 H- w; z+ m+ [+ P 19. Wearing of symbols! d, k; h+ I2 k
20. Prayer and worship
3 ]+ H3 |; M1 }" T' _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
' W- ^+ N4 U7 k# s" L% ] 22. Protest disrobings
! ]' h( K0 ?( A, Z 23. Destruction of own property2 X: e2 Y: g2 h$ J% E7 T
24. Symbolic lights
6 K7 W6 R3 E: L 25. Displays of portraits* Y* `8 i* l& v5 a
26. Paint as protest
4 g; F6 E- J. y. X- ?* A" S- C 27. New signs and names7 r; [9 l% M- }' E# w' {1 p" ^
28. Symbolic sounds7 ]: g" e$ _9 C% u& h d
29. Symbolic reclamations0 O" ~! ]5 N$ f. Q- a/ L! Q0 X
30. Rude gestures4 e t( L) a6 S! w+ A! D) I; S3 V
' h8 {" n& I+ k% ^
Pressures on Individuals2 N$ I. |; Q$ S5 i7 b
31. “Haunting” officials
0 F4 A) y8 M; A# u! H/ Q* c 32. Taunting officials* f: ^+ A$ b' B' T s: u. W$ e
33. Fraternization, z% M( a4 G# W2 q; C% w( @
34. Vigils
) H/ ^2 N# V- `( o! S/ Y# Z( a9 D& d w5 k
Drama and Music
1 Z8 K# s; }. C 35. Humorous skits and pranks& p- n4 H0 o( b8 C
36. Performances of plays and music( W2 p1 d6 K1 r
37. Singing
, E/ q3 [4 h5 I- X) F) u/ A: y* G: Y. |2 j
Processions
8 w$ p# i# [7 e6 P$ g 38. Marches3 C! k& U; V& L, Z. _1 U& F9 e
39. Parades, h3 k0 y9 ^3 e& H+ ~" F5 F4 @0 y
40. Religious processions/ g3 z) N% t9 v% v
41. Pilgrimages" E0 x; ^* B9 H* @3 R2 T
42. Motorcades
- s. A+ E" Q+ m
( x; W8 ^8 E7 K: ?Honoring the Dead8 J$ M$ ]6 T, _! L9 B$ N; G3 P' b
43. Political mourning
& f" p! K. d5 c. U' ^ 44. Mock funerals2 L3 M# y y* |# l3 c" k0 x6 ?
45. Demonstrative funerals9 C! f$ E8 H; ~& J' N3 [+ a
46. Homage at burial places( s- x I( n% f x4 B9 k9 @5 |
7 r0 d; x. s* Z, K o" v) d* I
Public Assemblies1 p8 Y3 P( b" U/ I
47. Assemblies of protest or support& F4 z( g( p; |' t6 d
48. Protest meetings
4 H/ ~+ i/ f( @ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 Q0 \. [# [$ B. J( r% f, S4 O' H
50. Teach-ins6 n- C0 n0 Y5 R4 c) E2 k
2 B8 Q2 e+ y- v. B6 g! {- p" LWithdrawal and Renunciation; \( p" F) j) c2 E4 Z, q
51. Walk-outs
4 M0 ?" i" S! U2 x- t1 r, t( t 52. Silence
! n& A m, X$ v3 m7 T 53. Renouncing honors. \/ I, C) d9 d: s: o. a( [ k) N
54. Turning one’s back
- ]' ?7 Y3 g& M7 k/ ?/ s1 B; A
* e- O3 I2 g1 H7 N* v Z/ B7 U , m4 f( p0 z. f
; o$ ~4 X! R' y& q- T; x4 \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 B0 g- g& G, J$ ^3 `: L( T. L# |
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) f6 K% w6 F4 D; Z/ y- SOstracism of Persons$ _2 M% |; ] E. e) R: x
55. Social boycott
- v6 i# {9 s( Z 56. Selective social boycott
2 p" N" h& R8 n4 E& d 57. Lysistratic nonaction
# M/ n- J$ v5 @, o 58. Excommunication; R% z n7 J, @0 F
59. Interdict
: Z& v3 Z- A) ?/ ~# w, ?; m9 K4 g; T1 |: b$ R% J5 p6 j$ T
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( z) K7 A5 ?9 \/ L8 S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 U: M0 j( t8 h/ g
61. Boycott of social affairs
( N. T0 U' }, H- p- Y, V. L8 e 62. Student strike
; ?2 i: H3 s" d5 [1 C% v 63. Social disobedience
1 Y9 Q8 Q# D; Q A' L4 C 64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 ^4 W9 a+ X' E/ E8 R
2 X4 X7 t0 P* `6 \Withdrawal from the Social System
) k6 Q& J4 }7 H% ~9 Y 65. Stay-at-home% C5 S, g" k9 m0 n3 _, A4 I+ O
66. Total personal noncooperation0 U" ]. `; e7 e
67. “Flight” of workers
, f- q7 E4 T" J1 X) M( F. ]) h 68. Sanctuary
2 V' `1 [5 o) L% f0 ?- K4 t6 \ 69. Collective disappearance
& p( o8 s% N( r( w! Y& d) E 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ `* z0 P7 h: S& E7 z
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6 H4 f( F; [ U. e4 ]) r& @7 d" rTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# |5 A! b5 r. H
! j* F# k# `0 A# I7 Y% v7 K: k6 ~% K
% E1 v' z. X l/ h% x3 y2 s
Actions by Consumers; M% `' g9 @+ c9 y {
71. Consumers’ boycott# m& [7 i0 C4 Q, I! I
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( v! o$ k& [( M! O- t% ]: {& o 73. Policy of austerity* W2 O! K+ K" n+ S `
74. Rent withholding
9 y8 O& N# W& l" C" p1 n 75. Refusal to rent6 M; r1 p% B& [) f y9 B
76. National consumers’ boycott) A+ X' Y) @" M# r6 |
77. International consumers’ boycott
7 f, |% O$ c: w0 d4 ~5 q# Z0 J" X- I3 ]1 f/ S$ Z8 N& m
Action by Workers and Producers2 y0 I6 O4 u8 M# d, ~$ V
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ ]2 }5 g9 c+ V' H' c 79. Producers’ boycott
M$ @; Z) \6 f
& R! J/ e" _; u8 `, N# @Action by Middlemen6 \+ t' K! h* J1 ]% N+ h; r" v
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ Y0 O( \# @, i3 {9 Z$ s
+ j. }; V: x, o6 k% u# U; EAction by Owners and Management$ {2 Y, Q' J1 g1 ^* w; j
81. Traders’ boycott
7 t4 j/ w5 `6 k" v- E$ c 82. Refusal to let or sell property
' r0 D# e, p' l; c 83. Lockout- x2 ?' \/ i' ?0 i0 f; y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' x N0 L- h3 O
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, {5 x1 A1 e* p. m! M: R, I# j" g) F! L, V
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- S5 ]6 a4 E o- `/ }2 E& d 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 q: O* `3 J8 k( ]' h
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ i$ E. O& f" l; ?1 U( u1 i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) Z6 K; o' ]/ Z. o2 R& p 89. Severance of funds and credit
1 P* E. I3 m4 b7 n 90. Revenue refusal8 H( t' L( i/ l' x) r& t& Y, L
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 m4 M: P0 C6 p0 {- a2 ~
. w4 U# d+ j9 H/ g# u5 UAction by Governments6 a- A5 j: n/ I0 `5 D% \8 }5 X6 ^
92. Domestic embargo
0 K3 ~) ~& D5 M2 h 93. Blacklisting of traders" W, o$ v% |7 C4 W/ k
94. International sellers’ embargo
* _4 \0 _* k) i5 X 95. International buyers’ embargo+ B0 A1 f8 l! [- v1 i/ Y8 ?
96. International trade embargo3 L+ d `) b7 m+ M) o
& L+ D( |8 K: c% [* `9 A1 I' {8 t( b % B+ W0 I2 C0 c2 u/ z9 P
4 B% v: h1 S6 B+ t4 N/ |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes$ H1 F5 k4 A6 n3 L& q. k9 w* {
97. Protest strike9 ^. h; c4 T/ U: [! K' v
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 n+ e M+ l U4 K
" ]6 n, `/ S( Y/ m
Agricultural Strikes* @$ d5 N& V4 F9 n2 B2 S
99. Peasant strike) r# G3 Q- ?& d, l! y4 G
100. Farm Workers’ strike& F4 k9 F+ I& n# O- ?
9 `9 x! [/ i* ^2 ]
Strikes by Special Groups
/ h) Y+ t& [1 g% m N! y" R 101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ J& H$ [7 ?) G7 h 102. Prisoners’ strike
) B7 s& q: a/ t$ y3 X# k2 U 103. Craft strike9 w, f3 D+ C, K* A% {
104. Professional strike
) T& A2 @5 ?! c, s3 S
2 h3 n) M. u; W. H) N! SOrdinary Industrial Strikes
! @* {* L8 s5 u" w! o 105. Establishment strike
9 L' g* x, @* [8 T 106. Industry strike
. D) D1 h, i) I9 m# i3 L 107. Sympathetic strike/ { G* H3 E, y4 X$ b3 a
, w1 Y6 V0 M# O2 a, rRestricted Strikes/ Q4 H2 F8 T: [ t0 `
108. Detailed strike n y" H0 N0 r5 N/ w# `9 z
109. Bumper strike, g# n( {" a2 w0 B$ h' q; Q
110. Slowdown strike
6 |8 g+ w' n3 Z9 U/ H0 w0 B( m5 @ 111. Working-to-rule strike
) S) v% M6 I) ^6 A% A" S2 @! l9 m 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& c, G) _+ s# k( N
113. Strike by resignation0 U8 F J! W7 K2 ~
114. Limited strike3 T- ~& @+ }. e" c
115. Selective strike
( S" C' e" r% A; S0 W+ l0 c" G9 C* o) L& } X- c6 |2 Z# i
Multi-Industry Strikes5 @: {. K$ C* f' _9 O% d! `. H2 @# ~
6 J6 v/ P2 k7 h5 [/ E 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
8 d& R2 ^; C; P& B" i. V
+ z% h& ^& @( T; cCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal8 A d, {/ b% l/ f: m
9 u4 B) ]- P" J& d { t9 v e 119. Economic shutdown
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( e1 f( m5 _' ^0 Z0 K0 TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 y/ f6 T* R3 t$ x& H) MRejection of Authority/ K, ]( K2 K; s' v+ h0 ]% ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( U- H; Q, l ]6 e- ~% ?3 ^6 d& Q
121. Refusal of public support
* h5 Z: D0 z* ]9 v. h/ X8 ^ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. Y' q! O/ o5 O3 M. O- Z
5 D7 n: M3 U% m; ?0 m7 ^Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government% L+ _" N! u) g) X! s; `( q1 l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& a7 N2 t0 R: T* c 124. Boycott of elections
4 I7 q) O& b# I& W& W c$ i 125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 k. \2 v* z) N/ T6 G( f4 v' Q: Y! D
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 }5 C/ ?8 @) w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% F9 ]+ v# ^' ~- u0 m/ _7 X" t 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; H6 o+ {* _) T9 W6 @
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( g4 [- \8 L* T# X& ` 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 k9 _6 S+ D: @8 M9 z0 i* e 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- W/ Q/ Q" D7 A$ M3 q& l9 m
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. N7 p4 u6 X0 p
! F5 A; m0 O/ b2 i3 f. {& O/ t8 f. YCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 b4 o# v# F4 R$ F0 U4 g 133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 w) s2 Y F' q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 r: @8 V6 q- _" t 135. Popular nonobedience
+ z- a' U7 n# T% y. y0 L 136. Disguised disobedience+ }+ R. {1 r6 u1 e/ s% [7 ?
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- e/ `* J2 \& A- ?: j 138. Sitdown+ `) K# k( p. [9 y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 S" o# S7 Q- m3 ]) n7 g 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 O3 z, ?1 Q& x6 D& C5 ~
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" {% T6 Y o( i! ^& h* ~8 {9 j( [- X7 M$ R; v
Action by Government Personnel" {6 E9 y \+ _
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 U: R% G" L) B$ _3 B* A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 `( V9 q) v! G3 u5 w- x 144. Stalling and obstruction
7 u2 e; |# o8 Q9 [# _8 r {5 K 145. General administrative noncooperation
. [, C) |: J8 n6 l! n) |. n" E+ {8 F2 I8 g5 p3 _4 S
146. Judicial noncooperation
( `" P7 Q6 ]9 Y9 h2 I 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 h( A- o1 h& o0 {3 \
148. Mutiny; s! T) H% U4 J' ^( c! K( l8 \
Domestic Governmental Action
* ^7 f+ q3 X" @# j 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 K) _. d4 e2 k% Q
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 T" s1 R: i6 j0 {0 ~& t+ U5 m$ N4 d0 H
International Governmental Action
0 ]7 ]1 W t! `$ A, {& L0 d+ Z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& b" Q1 k* V& Z D% o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% [4 [$ B$ s8 n0 A+ N7 |# R$ P 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 E, S+ I. P( R3 W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- R" U& @6 O5 s+ K0 O 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 m& u3 z y, z) T9 Q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ F' O# v& Z+ J 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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8 N* V; ?/ J0 c% iTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 C! e/ F9 V! y3 v4 j$ v9 \3 \* R
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Psychological Intervention
5 p8 ^# M* C+ `( k 158. Self-exposure to the elements, V+ M5 q% [7 U. ~9 o3 A" ?
159. The fast6 t4 ~1 {* V6 r- C
a) Fast of moral pressure
i7 }1 j0 K& w9 [( s+ l6 s* p b) Hunger strike
+ ]+ U6 D& K9 t$ ]2 O: m& g( `" Z c) Satyagrahic fast
' \; D: y7 m% ?: Q 160. Reverse trial
" Q* ~( K, n1 t# s 161. Nonviolent harassment" U, r: T: K& a$ ~& `# x7 N
0 F2 F% Y) K+ F1 ]5 _1 P
Physical Intervention" e9 d, v4 T- c' Q$ E
162. Sit-in9 U& [' @2 }$ ^" v
163. Stand-in5 x1 S: `5 B2 k- h( ~
164. Ride-in/ s$ K9 O6 O! L
165. Wade-in+ {/ {6 e" F8 T' w1 M* y
166. Mill-in
% Y) i6 V4 P4 d& ` 167. Pray-in
* Y9 Z) |. }6 e3 `" w 168. Nonviolent raids7 A1 |0 T) _, ]! {. P
169. Nonviolent air raids% w+ @. |+ E5 A- W+ H
170. Nonviolent invasion
8 j6 e7 {6 X6 M( `- q) { 171. Nonviolent interjection! }$ K6 N2 H1 f& B
172. Nonviolent obstruction
. I: @& m; X7 c# y3 o0 v 173. Nonviolent occupation; J: n# g1 Y! u
: I) }" Z$ r2 uSocial Intervention: K" f! S6 o# P, w5 m& e) F! G# m
174. Establishing new social patterns
3 n0 W- @! h5 T 175. Overloading of facilities
' C& A$ _6 C! T% ? 176. Stall-in
# Z7 z5 _0 b3 L9 H# Q/ c$ p& E 177. Speak-in" g3 G% {' N- P2 f& S
178. Guerrilla theater
9 h0 S* B6 N, g# Y 179. Alternative social institutions
# X8 E+ |, q J' O8 F( N; ]3 Y 180. Alternative communication system) N7 E# V( y j8 x8 y' n
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Economic Intervention
- ?* E4 ?% q9 N- f; g! R, U. z 181. Reverse strike+ p( h/ r& {$ q) g* E9 d; o/ a
182. Stay-in strike
8 D7 s: @ e' d/ p9 g; @ 183. Nonviolent land seizure4 l! C- k7 A6 L5 S r
184. Defiance of blockades' D: U$ t! a! Z& t7 G
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- V% F2 x% U; N
186. Preclusive purchasing
! j$ K& ~7 \' _" Y1 [- }" F 187. Seizure of assets
8 Z7 N! S1 M: H' K: b1 r 188. Dumping
1 E7 b4 D% y. Y 189. Selective patronage
; p+ V, Z' j0 c# o$ r 190. Alternative markets
9 z+ H" B5 l( S7 d5 X$ |# y 191. Alternative transportation systems
! Z+ z; t( H6 |9 j' l& A" i$ e 192. Alternative economic institutions, c7 L1 V5 v2 Z# d
+ a3 E" C/ b8 q/ d8 UPolitical Intervention
% \2 L6 [+ A$ w/ ]3 x0 B7 s7 ^ 193. Overloading of administrative systems: F- J: k( v3 r$ r3 Y% q$ g# T2 n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 M. t, X# Q* ?) f2 d# b; e 195. Seeking imprisonment: L/ B) @6 w1 H, E5 B- f( w3 p) N
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws( O* J0 r8 w1 g# D. D- M. n3 d: V
197. Work-on without collaboration( @9 V4 a9 P) w! Q, |: x# O. J
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( W5 p7 s* C# s, [2 v* T' S
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
