 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. F5 d( K0 F+ Y& k0 Q5 {" w+ }
Formal Statements
$ u- B3 o; m3 C; x* g 1. Public Speeches2 Z" o: e) h: u1 }) r0 O- B
2. Letters of opposition or support
) g1 ?9 n* f3 r; t* k' f% | 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. A* U7 o9 B% l9 b0 V
4. Signed public statements
4 V4 J) o& z" I! a% t 5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 @5 h. z! ?' N
6. Group or mass petitions
! T7 T ?7 `5 N8 v2 M% H2 n2 L+ G8 O8 T7 [; [
Communications with a Wider Audience4 V$ t! a" e" \6 L9 E
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) h+ \* h# n0 j ~4 K 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. A) I% N. @, }) ^8 G0 K
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: P: l6 f) O. f
10. Newspapers and journals
0 b+ ?0 [& U/ o) [8 }, Z" r+ T 11. Records, radio, and television7 _: M! b) \& K+ _- ~5 M
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% B1 N: a" J- s! `+ F
) Q# V1 q. s. `8 `$ b2 {) ZGroup Representations
% q' h8 P0 ~$ s/ \& q9 H$ { 13. Deputations5 @( Z# G! S4 W3 v3 P8 x4 G
14. Mock awards
* G% j8 E/ J9 j7 d 15. Group lobbying7 `; H. Q+ y+ t+ v6 @0 Z
16. Picketing5 H& _, n' u1 v/ y
17. Mock elections/ {4 {& [+ B E- i9 V
) N. x! n$ ~- g3 R1 _- f3 N; q4 Z
Symbolic Public Acts; G5 I& [' \6 `2 s" B( l
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; ~' X: s7 |, W 19. Wearing of symbols
3 y/ x7 F$ e& } 20. Prayer and worship
+ o( d, B7 D `& J7 o" | 21. Delivering symbolic objects1 m. a. L' c/ w% N$ p1 A: y
22. Protest disrobings! {; a) V, n, h! {" Z9 r! E9 ?2 r
23. Destruction of own property3 N& f, h) S2 f* w; Z; {" `& L
24. Symbolic lights7 b5 H% W! u- N: Q4 i
25. Displays of portraits+ x5 U% o( r7 |. w
26. Paint as protest
, ?/ D* {4 K. \3 z Z3 g. F 27. New signs and names
_" I' x2 f7 [- a 28. Symbolic sounds
0 N3 E- ~( s0 O6 M 29. Symbolic reclamations' ]: I: O8 X' z) D5 E' u! p: H
30. Rude gestures! i: ? F t R, D* }* g& |; Q
! y- U& P) C+ L& Q0 Z/ M
Pressures on Individuals. a" S# A$ E$ S
31. “Haunting” officials
# f1 P: Y7 B4 i. _( m3 o 32. Taunting officials
. b- Y7 s0 z6 q y4 q 33. Fraternization5 R. L0 e3 J. x6 Z
34. Vigils3 d7 i6 j; L' G. g1 I
$ f8 T7 L: K( k7 B6 ^ I, B; P7 tDrama and Music5 ~$ S# J( ]$ I7 q
35. Humorous skits and pranks# X6 |% ?. K7 B% h+ V8 T8 \2 x
36. Performances of plays and music; h2 i$ |+ A3 j, b3 l
37. Singing$ r; n/ R7 M9 _; r5 @
7 J5 b/ p- X3 e+ {. \% |" S
Processions+ ^0 s7 K8 t! K2 R' O" J( i
38. Marches" A: ~- u3 V. A
39. Parades5 {6 R! `5 r1 p! N0 S. O/ _% S& I
40. Religious processions+ m. @: Y- T+ Z: ~+ x* e) S
41. Pilgrimages
. C8 z1 R" _" R' r6 c* r' h 42. Motorcades
7 O% n. `; k" w8 x5 L! C9 z* ^+ A! H( S5 J6 F
Honoring the Dead( h: @7 f1 _: r; G) d
43. Political mourning
$ T2 v* y# \1 | @: d9 ~# O/ f3 ], }) | 44. Mock funerals3 V$ y* p, m$ i2 [ T$ I2 v- \
45. Demonstrative funerals
8 {& o/ c7 T3 u+ e 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
3 M% K* J# q7 l4 C; x& X- X) {/ C 47. Assemblies of protest or support
% f5 Z" [" X/ t8 M2 K; E 48. Protest meetings
; m# E2 I! P- p 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( `. B$ C$ V# p' [. m2 V' ] 50. Teach-ins; I7 H: N2 C4 f+ `( g
8 ?$ H/ f5 i( m+ XWithdrawal and Renunciation7 G$ ~7 B- {- Y, ^7 E2 @
51. Walk-outs2 e1 |- Y8 v. t: w* t. J( M& G f, j
52. Silence
1 O/ M* y' b, j5 J 53. Renouncing honors% Y+ {7 l; m9 g5 {2 o% [- @
54. Turning one’s back
/ k8 [- W/ K$ Y9 U: r1 O+ a# G
R8 B0 I I% A
3 u" z' |: `4 O% [2 t8 r/ c4 W; ~" v) |5 y1 [. s: f% C
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 g2 p9 H, o g. }6 a
9 f6 m& L/ C4 M8 @0 v ! a3 F; o" T( X
7 e/ E7 i, B7 E8 ^+ r1 \7 {Ostracism of Persons
' r; k9 M4 ~* y- w# g 55. Social boycott
9 B$ ], X8 |+ ?4 q6 d 56. Selective social boycott
0 Z* r$ \; s. R( P" b5 } 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 K. \9 M, p* d4 y( ]# l9 r
58. Excommunication1 b3 n% N# _2 a" m: B
59. Interdict
( X- Z. M' |8 `/ J. n# I- V$ p/ `3 Q2 U( [) N. I* X2 ?4 _$ ]
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 l) b" h: b! y2 `3 Q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. c2 ~7 u, p; Q% e, w! A- W5 d. F& @ 61. Boycott of social affairs: m5 T5 U3 {; u+ t- A& }
62. Student strike
6 B. ~! d! K9 n4 j, m 63. Social disobedience. n1 k) g9 w/ u* P4 y4 O# F* [
64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 ^% h3 S( x! H. n5 X
# @3 D6 {) V% n* ~Withdrawal from the Social System
' |" [ F; ?( l 65. Stay-at-home: W8 l% X! a' g
66. Total personal noncooperation0 O1 e" g& \( p( g F) ]2 @! S
67. “Flight” of workers8 {2 n2 R8 G$ Q o6 T- N
68. Sanctuary
% y% v) a \ [; Y. z+ z/ }/ W8 ` 69. Collective disappearance
' O+ Y& C+ K: K 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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$ G( e* u" ~! T% F6 ?: Q5 m7 ~) }" @9 i
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
3 L* l% m2 {7 Y$ g/ i! G1 ]4 x& a( l
' e! j" z) ]; g5 Y) U9 z % Z/ O: a% q3 U% P5 C
Actions by Consumers5 f$ D; B* E8 a7 R9 w( v
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 ]/ `; n. ]# B( i' g, s 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 h2 D8 M" z# c- y4 Q3 g
73. Policy of austerity
$ M" N |4 y% N8 K4 x8 n 74. Rent withholding) Z% s! C( X: O4 l0 z
75. Refusal to rent
" ~8 c( s& W- v$ r0 ` 76. National consumers’ boycott
2 X' [9 }9 K& p4 C$ U1 p/ ] f 77. International consumers’ boycott
: {' Z5 Q- n2 ?* [0 a) P& a% N: R) Z- v+ Y j& P; E
Action by Workers and Producers5 n8 P" L2 J3 K" E/ r" H. `
78. Workmen’s boycott
" F) ?4 @( e: H% r8 ]/ d 79. Producers’ boycott: u6 f, z9 x0 M: L7 w$ {# `
9 W! p6 @5 O$ J+ S
Action by Middlemen
$ k9 Z; B/ O7 U% \3 | 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' y' j" ^5 j% ?( j
8 \, A8 C# p4 O; g, ^Action by Owners and Management) P! u8 K" v: p n8 w* ^0 s b0 V. F
81. Traders’ boycott8 r% X- J6 F- K1 H! V. _4 S
82. Refusal to let or sell property
. P3 _& L0 g' F. F) I1 k% q- k# s0 G 83. Lockout- a- t6 R0 N4 Y3 a1 {7 G
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 f. ]$ l4 M I, V8 r, h 85. Merchants’ “general strike”! q9 \" N F7 W+ H, _' Q* `
4 H3 p8 d. y, MAction by Holders of Financial Resources
$ [+ D6 N R( ~: B( z- U 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 H: x6 y$ V6 I4 b 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: v6 A- R5 Y- `3 m4 e1 |
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 @6 ]- w+ r0 i, n% S
89. Severance of funds and credit
, t1 G0 P8 N# }- K1 P 90. Revenue refusal
* n( m: [9 h- }4 H7 q 91. Refusal of a government’s money' a8 o" e8 U1 m R+ p% w- W
, h6 p1 w' h+ j! [% @Action by Governments# d+ a5 l/ _2 Y! Z+ _( k9 ~7 C
92. Domestic embargo/ b/ R! U2 Q8 a3 s9 q: `. }( e
93. Blacklisting of traders
" ?# q1 s! F# k% R$ D y& E 94. International sellers’ embargo- ^( r1 Y5 G' R L# k
95. International buyers’ embargo. I; g, _3 o% P: z6 n8 ]
96. International trade embargo/ w {3 E! x3 U" w0 b, W, k
, T* R0 p' J8 X) V4 I' `; q } + I, ]) H8 t) m/ v7 w
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes: v0 {' T. k: k: o* Z3 t$ R
97. Protest strike
' j. B7 N0 U5 r' I) n1 z) M 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 Q( d1 }# K/ U2 e# r5 ]7 T4 |9 T' `& O/ a' e8 P
Agricultural Strikes
8 X, g/ M7 j* R" t: W 99. Peasant strike6 C, c. {& Q& @9 W
100. Farm Workers’ strike- I9 E6 n% }6 W3 @
+ i @$ D1 h. k/ E3 Z1 @Strikes by Special Groups" Q2 c" u7 k A3 c$ d3 o6 t
101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 A7 R: {$ z+ j b/ |4 V 102. Prisoners’ strike6 n# ?3 Z6 t4 u- T, t# g: A; D# m! L
103. Craft strike Y- H" w: w+ p7 ?* t" `
104. Professional strike
9 J& q, z8 P4 ~8 ^7 h- c0 }# d# O0 S" b5 v8 U5 H
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
6 u, w. U9 q/ T% ~ 105. Establishment strike
- O6 ]& j9 Z3 o8 _- P4 } 106. Industry strike
; l2 c5 W, ]( \$ V 107. Sympathetic strike1 L; |2 o* \' ~7 G: o, Q8 i
1 V0 p, h o3 j" w
Restricted Strikes
7 R/ P; t5 y& K" r7 Z9 q3 W# u( L 108. Detailed strike
1 w8 z3 w+ B( v; _/ G# p( h; ^$ f 109. Bumper strike
% h4 I# O+ u# a2 U$ ?6 c) R 110. Slowdown strike
! n- A% m2 j* ]% S0 q8 G% I7 m 111. Working-to-rule strike
* t+ j# q/ g& ?7 ~0 N# T 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: K" b; T W# r3 a 113. Strike by resignation U# h* y* G# }
114. Limited strike
! ?3 a) x6 b( i 115. Selective strike6 B y# @5 D) g- q4 k8 ]
3 B/ B/ V/ a" C/ {, A1 X5 |Multi-Industry Strikes5 C- X2 m1 o: i, z: p. o+ L& n, ^) x
: {2 d0 P7 r' c, N 116. Generalized strike
2 K" F+ M- g" u- A: T3 S' U& H `( D+ Y K( x+ B; W% R3 {
117. General strike
) v+ I: B$ k* L8 B1 r& g; ]9 d, O, w3 C6 X
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! M$ s1 ` p# L+ |2 }6 O( R6 N& ~/ x* K$ O# Q$ h
118. Hartal
. M2 {7 U" T0 V6 b6 ~
6 k$ S, T& p5 V. D3 q 119. Economic shutdown
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+ u) s0 k" x3 Q/ d! ^* [5 l# m( xTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) I& |: d, Z7 X- x8 `0 `
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Rejection of Authority
0 C- J- P% n4 o. | 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 b4 T! ^ k; m; A 121. Refusal of public support4 D: B- @9 m0 J. S( k
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 k# V' e. y6 b
' r# H4 ]0 ~$ CCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government, o! B+ @ u) w
123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ @& a% V( m& ?2 M- {6 f; s0 A4 M
124. Boycott of elections
* H7 A) v8 s2 k4 H) J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions% [3 h- s8 S" z5 W, f
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# i2 M# e% e0 b2 n 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: K7 w( x( d+ A3 H& l 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations9 z/ R" x6 M+ ^7 r- q2 D7 v5 C
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( I7 a0 s& k' x' s4 e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( s$ M4 B3 J$ ]. j7 S0 ?0 c 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. n, j6 G9 V1 B( R, E 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions( Q; X- S j. P2 Z
6 [7 h2 w8 t7 Q) g$ `
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( T) Y( H0 `7 e' }2 M& G' B
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. f& O! ~) {. k, L 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* `+ ^2 @( R, }% } 135. Popular nonobedience" o/ Y0 q" M8 R' K7 z8 u w
136. Disguised disobedience
k- S% k. {+ f- |5 ~6 m 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% e6 N2 M% V \/ v 138. Sitdown
. V2 n; e+ ^, \! F4 Y7 b) `$ a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" Z4 W8 ?7 n" U$ R- f2 w
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 c3 @8 i) m( V8 @! m$ q3 c 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 ~6 r2 `) y: v5 L+ R+ U" o& d3 ?
Action by Government Personnel
$ k- H5 q0 }2 ~( _, s$ @7 q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; P* T; `) M4 l9 u
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
/ T b6 [& T1 U3 [" { 144. Stalling and obstruction
# m$ i% f% B' u) N 145. General administrative noncooperation
3 T1 X: i4 m' O( w/ B: @5 }
8 A6 E: d7 E$ k 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 k% H, [! F$ s 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 H; l$ O% L. R 148. Mutiny
0 y2 t& L5 z7 D) @5 K' yDomestic Governmental Action K9 G' V- z% x* h
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ O, S0 U4 K6 Y. G
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* W, u0 [* h a0 Y* U$ C9 _/ R+ V" Z1 x3 B8 v6 U
International Governmental Action+ w4 Q6 e+ `0 Y" h8 @( z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
T/ N1 W9 v! h5 i- w; s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. r" _7 w/ M& Y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 f" A. U) j8 A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations- w& U7 h# c: J; Y8 O9 V
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 n2 S: ^! ~+ B 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 e* Q% f: D( I 157. Expulsion from international organizations. w9 U: e& \, h1 U( r4 i" S
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" K" Z) ?$ w0 L* j" C3 h+ cTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
6 M3 J& f# o! F0 J7 I8 W9 E l1 ^& B3 X 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 p, }/ [# o+ K4 n 159. The fast
. o5 ]' Q2 `. d/ R3 ^3 \/ L a) Fast of moral pressure U1 K \! K+ a p9 l6 w _' h) E
b) Hunger strike7 y# I) O; C4 J! r. c" J" g
c) Satyagrahic fast4 y9 S* P; E5 f5 k# W6 n6 r6 v
160. Reverse trial
: ~1 w0 y, q( S# z" t 161. Nonviolent harassment5 F4 W2 S# f. \3 u" V
* ^% F4 X: W+ g' c' ]& }
Physical Intervention
, @ \5 ~/ V, B- ?( u* Q 162. Sit-in9 N8 {; r! R$ {9 K4 K- K
163. Stand-in
P2 J! ]$ x- f. m+ O 164. Ride-in1 D& Y7 u6 o; ?" b" x8 G; \( K- O" L
165. Wade-in3 C. e- W1 F6 y
166. Mill-in
" }. W* ?) H" V9 w6 \3 y 167. Pray-in
* b" R4 g/ [0 Y4 i2 D$ Y+ x* w 168. Nonviolent raids
2 S. n3 }. @/ S8 M& n 169. Nonviolent air raids' u2 F8 q8 q; _- p* f( y' L
170. Nonviolent invasion9 Z( Q: X3 ~$ f9 c
171. Nonviolent interjection
# L6 h3 m* U- [- V$ X 172. Nonviolent obstruction: B9 [1 F) d" M+ X; h1 Y/ T# r
173. Nonviolent occupation/ d9 Y9 g& D0 a4 @$ y( S0 s) G" h
, b: E+ G* c+ i! h, o: wSocial Intervention' @8 X T/ s' _4 @
174. Establishing new social patterns' J0 N( }- H" l& s; E5 r
175. Overloading of facilities
2 A- w# _3 ^2 i) H6 W" ^( J 176. Stall-in
" t9 A: K# G; ~/ G$ B7 i 177. Speak-in
; N! q4 o; o, u 178. Guerrilla theater& v7 m+ E1 |" d% m* g }
179. Alternative social institutions8 N0 w/ G8 _4 ~1 _ `
180. Alternative communication system
' j' l; i# d1 e) X( `
1 y7 u+ v# f e: jEconomic Intervention
7 c6 h k4 Y9 J4 C9 q c R 181. Reverse strike
" a! M5 Q6 c2 A* _ 182. Stay-in strike
2 a4 d; H8 K4 X& h5 Z/ W 183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 M" V! Q0 z7 ~( U U' \ 184. Defiance of blockades7 A2 B, L |3 ^$ A( Z% q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- G& T" u8 \5 B4 F3 l 186. Preclusive purchasing/ e) }. b* T% j1 E5 y
187. Seizure of assets
; k. q1 x4 m) w1 V t+ P. d% o. w 188. Dumping
" C8 M" f+ L: b- ~& G: v 189. Selective patronage! Z3 p; O8 J, I# S8 y
190. Alternative markets
5 a0 C y* s3 T) F1 a' Y 191. Alternative transportation systems
# @0 o0 M: ?+ ]# s4 C6 l6 H 192. Alternative economic institutions9 |$ ]* v$ t% L9 C
5 r8 ^( ^, x# u3 g# PPolitical Intervention7 a5 W8 L) y" `. H) T& m! g* b
193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 V8 ]: c- W1 ^5 S: o$ Z* ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, p0 K" O0 j# n' i0 ~! z) v
195. Seeking imprisonment0 O3 S! b( y. a$ X' ?
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" {) B7 d# Z8 _& G 197. Work-on without collaboration
, n3 g1 I+ q$ G" O$ o 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
