 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 y% V O6 p6 X/ z% l1 i5 e
Formal Statements5 \ K. M: [9 R6 ~- S- B9 y) o
1. Public Speeches
) A- [' W/ Q/ u4 x4 A5 ^ 2. Letters of opposition or support J: C4 a- O8 k- r1 n4 h4 C
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ w5 C. H% y P e6 A/ G1 P) A
4. Signed public statements* a* w; s! x6 X3 j( v$ R4 t
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
; o% m5 |2 I% T0 e 6. Group or mass petitions: M( p( @1 j: X# D: O" n
8 B$ T; W6 K* ^" N
Communications with a Wider Audience
* p% m( e/ f6 R 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 |9 X- G' z4 D! c* b/ W6 x
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 F( Y( t: `) `4 V7 @' C 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: x" q {. V3 x# D 10. Newspapers and journals
3 s) p" W9 j, Q8 b# \" c: T 11. Records, radio, and television
( o; y1 U- C/ }) ^ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& ^$ A9 c- ?$ B% _' e& ?/ j% e: b' T
Group Representations
, i$ U- E* a- X9 Y7 k6 K 13. Deputations3 U& P1 L( V3 x
14. Mock awards" c& _) E5 j1 t/ Y/ v
15. Group lobbying; [' d1 F" r/ k4 o( l& n
16. Picketing
' J. G& h) c" b 17. Mock elections+ n# Y. x) U5 g0 g- I# N6 v) o
7 |4 j- e- p! C1 E6 o: _6 P; k
Symbolic Public Acts
! H2 ]9 m( A# D- V; i; J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- `) x5 s' X. D. {1 A* p- d
19. Wearing of symbols- S, \" ^9 u4 k; W" P* H+ R9 F! e0 G
20. Prayer and worship
/ d3 t5 T" P, y8 V1 k# c% T7 e r4 V 21. Delivering symbolic objects5 y1 ^6 h+ W8 w5 L9 g
22. Protest disrobings1 N' q; o# I, A6 ]7 n1 M- r( L
23. Destruction of own property% h! x* F5 y2 w/ {) K; h: ^6 [
24. Symbolic lights
( W, s- B/ U* n 25. Displays of portraits$ y0 c4 ?0 G, w
26. Paint as protest7 U% S2 R/ _3 ]! T* D
27. New signs and names& V8 K* B6 h0 S4 u, H1 T8 k
28. Symbolic sounds
5 ~8 Z4 V: _4 b9 N+ r; H) [1 B 29. Symbolic reclamations+ z; D* ~; E- d# _9 p# l8 y- _( U
30. Rude gestures
4 f0 r5 V( Y$ R' f. x
8 T. H3 Y& L3 _ sPressures on Individuals
7 f) t- F% u# s. L8 p0 { 31. “Haunting” officials
, n t: y/ c1 H# q* d3 N) ]% \ 32. Taunting officials
& C$ s4 m/ A* @, {1 a) F+ B1 y 33. Fraternization9 d& B; z: ^! j4 w' S; E9 u
34. Vigils1 t, A# K p8 F
- t% Y; A$ Y* |' K0 O1 u
Drama and Music
' \/ s9 N% _" M& Y 35. Humorous skits and pranks
' C; O$ ?, l* ^, x: J( f- O4 u 36. Performances of plays and music3 m$ _9 {3 ?$ q+ M, a
37. Singing
) S0 a t# W) D \% e1 @
, D: `* _" ]0 ~, x$ l1 mProcessions: G* m( v+ b2 |( v, y7 a. k W' ]
38. Marches
. w% h% b/ y5 X; {! t, Q4 y 39. Parades
' {$ J/ D: \3 p/ }# Q$ c 40. Religious processions* _1 d) w3 d {
41. Pilgrimages
* }; `4 Y9 z5 C9 s8 \6 I 42. Motorcades
! e; x8 Z4 Y; P+ W* n# T
' e( h! ^, ~# N6 J4 eHonoring the Dead! v. V: m. [) t) u& l) j
43. Political mourning
0 j/ i6 I- W1 N" v 44. Mock funerals
( |3 T+ u! b% I, E( y. _* q 45. Demonstrative funerals9 ?5 N" |4 i# x
46. Homage at burial places4 q+ D7 E6 I* `
. J1 f* d* O8 L* ?3 `1 R9 e
Public Assemblies& j, C0 `# }1 H) u4 }6 Z+ Q. C
47. Assemblies of protest or support+ `' ^$ _; R7 ~7 B. ^
48. Protest meetings: E+ H( H: Z$ U5 f. ^% V
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" n, V( h$ |" k( h+ G0 x0 ?. i1 k 50. Teach-ins n# N0 R3 \( k; z" s
8 j7 ?+ r2 N: Z3 ^. m+ ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation: T( B# u8 f+ X* Z: U* S
51. Walk-outs/ v' Q$ O0 ^0 r9 n3 ^: u
52. Silence
/ \! n, r0 E, b" c 53. Renouncing honors
! i$ O$ q: L( y4 A5 i 54. Turning one’s back! w1 E$ P3 J2 U" J
7 K9 M' ~+ |9 o 5 p& X, v" F+ u! @/ H5 E* L
8 Q) n+ b/ i$ B4 ]0 M
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 j6 M* w' W F& T1 V
6 p& ~& k$ e. N1 V) | $ |$ T) z( t L# K
, p, w' r( P3 I) g& K& DOstracism of Persons
; J# L; h- A5 O2 O" h 55. Social boycott. \6 d9 _1 ~0 ]: H! }8 ^6 U
56. Selective social boycott# Y/ f$ e6 u5 H6 T
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 P% r1 G0 y1 r# V) B 58. Excommunication" I. M! V! E: M
59. Interdict
# w o' ]- e( E8 g1 ]0 d0 |" g9 A/ c
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 m- x3 X0 @3 _' O! e. W
60. Suspension of social and sports activities% ~! l3 t1 k2 z' D5 d
61. Boycott of social affairs
5 t1 H) N2 I6 | j+ t 62. Student strike; a0 [% z: v0 {
63. Social disobedience8 C- U" E& s* o5 g' \ K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) [! B! `! ]. m# i: s5 k) U9 u2 |9 j- k% D# K. t3 [% [
Withdrawal from the Social System
. G/ {% w& t+ Y- D 65. Stay-at-home7 o, o! }' Q" Y
66. Total personal noncooperation
3 o: G$ Y/ u) x _! z# s [ 67. “Flight” of workers
8 V- x' Z& n3 r1 ~ 68. Sanctuary' B, @5 r& N% n J8 E
69. Collective disappearance/ s" |( d$ S4 T1 v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
; k+ _. ?+ d- B5 R
m. [& T( g9 L9 o
& e: f# l- h$ T9 H v* W3 n1 H3 q
4 r. P4 o, U# j; B4 j% q. }2 ]# O! oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* S) r( l; d7 K4 Y% E: q- @; S! y s i( b
9 c6 o. [9 _$ l, [9 SActions by Consumers3 h& P% J6 l* W9 k* t3 J
71. Consumers’ boycott
/ J R; n6 [8 v" w b# g 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) E% W _2 O: \# d6 N5 C 73. Policy of austerity
0 I1 z4 @- \0 r9 @- s* I8 b 74. Rent withholding: W1 C9 v+ N0 ~; `
75. Refusal to rent
3 I* ]6 j% W- N 76. National consumers’ boycott
' J( C9 ~' H, B) A8 }* h 77. International consumers’ boycott5 e6 R& c: Q; ~
* \! H9 q1 o5 u5 C; ] @
Action by Workers and Producers2 J9 b+ {2 ?# D
78. Workmen’s boycott/ z7 j) }7 j' o3 p% A1 ]% N: ~
79. Producers’ boycott
) u5 l8 S, z" i9 r* e& b1 W' i( f1 ]# x0 N& _, g% N
Action by Middlemen
9 ~% E' [2 v& |( S$ C 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ A( X$ r0 A" U6 y2 |/ |. [( v# T# v) T6 n) P4 Q
Action by Owners and Management
7 t4 u9 [4 e$ k- o 81. Traders’ boycott
" Y0 B8 H( [' E5 w. t: G8 u 82. Refusal to let or sell property; ?1 |/ F' P7 [
83. Lockout
; \0 y, ?- p/ q9 y2 b 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
l; g! M8 p- B/ ?, u 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 p# q, X$ F% K" v
% o1 m4 W9 V! W0 S: {" [Action by Holders of Financial Resources7 s K* } e' R8 H8 a/ s0 Y+ `
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
- s& g# e. ^; s2 [ J j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. A6 h8 ?7 I a A. Y8 [
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; B7 t+ x* b: U" _5 n6 a3 o! ? 89. Severance of funds and credit& }3 U7 ^, l% S
90. Revenue refusal! o6 w0 t5 J) u. ]
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ p) T- s7 z+ @6 F. U$ O9 e. ~
9 B% p/ p3 }! o+ I" uAction by Governments7 O w& ^; q- M
92. Domestic embargo8 z6 W$ c6 T! ]% Z! R1 t) }3 r
93. Blacklisting of traders
2 z+ @8 k! B1 I5 w6 K! v+ `* U 94. International sellers’ embargo7 {0 @- @7 i1 z5 a0 X! i6 E8 V7 N
95. International buyers’ embargo
$ \$ G9 X2 I: P& C1 Z6 H$ u, r 96. International trade embargo, q, [/ A+ r- t. J; z- J- G
4 d4 ?% O3 H. A
$ b( v, l" G, _7 c: T5 ` g; h: o e! y7 @+ g$ i; `
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
" V0 M: K2 A# F1 x! u# X! i' f8 ^ C
" V2 c3 p+ X7 R! n, k/ d ; `+ Y4 h, x6 O
Symbolic Strikes* H. ^; y% P, h
97. Protest strike$ h- a+ ]/ P0 `$ k+ M
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 s: j* V9 w6 ]4 b6 K& |7 F& F) L' P+ D/ p, t! n/ {$ I4 b
Agricultural Strikes2 ]' B9 g1 b2 E- [, W
99. Peasant strike) ^% s4 N8 Z: r! r0 ]7 E
100. Farm Workers’ strike: O6 `9 }: x* w% g4 I
- n' O$ o- {0 p7 f
Strikes by Special Groups
3 S: q" ^/ q6 O9 a' z 101. Refusal of impressed labor: j! k% L1 E# K- v% u; C
102. Prisoners’ strike
+ [( c* p" D+ M& D 103. Craft strike* J/ A, } V8 e: ~0 C7 ~
104. Professional strike
% e0 ]( C7 w7 s0 _) n8 l
+ D0 D" _6 R5 c* Y9 `4 qOrdinary Industrial Strikes
2 a/ t2 i" r. K3 }' Z 105. Establishment strike
, R1 P+ p w P& T& t 106. Industry strike H' o: D6 x2 U# B, t
107. Sympathetic strike+ K9 N0 D# H+ C4 j( k3 J# c: s0 O
( M7 c4 r7 L" l% y1 mRestricted Strikes
6 e* s: D7 y$ F 108. Detailed strike
% X; B$ Q, y+ @2 m5 O6 \ 109. Bumper strike7 N) h6 O% Y( v* }. p! ~ P
110. Slowdown strike# ]4 u7 ]+ o, h, [9 a$ V
111. Working-to-rule strike6 G. Z! d- _8 A. T/ w
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" i x- B' m+ v Z
113. Strike by resignation
/ a0 Q" o$ u4 B1 V, W 114. Limited strike
0 p# r+ R- y/ w G 115. Selective strike+ m. _* O9 G5 a! `
* u. s9 ]* z5 I8 K
Multi-Industry Strikes& k. O/ E) c( s2 P4 g
9 _# C: P C2 U- W4 f
116. Generalized strike/ c$ o# s5 o& |1 F8 w
* O, Q! K. o1 t0 [5 n+ Z. d$ Z 117. General strike
# J* R4 d$ E! q7 R
+ V2 k8 K, w6 `. h6 yCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
G% R7 x) d( f
2 k8 {! o5 ^: H( f1 J8 _ 118. Hartal: P( N' x+ v' s# m S
( \$ G& b/ [3 m- P4 R+ r9 v
119. Economic shutdown
, P9 R+ |5 }; ~' c n7 x. _0 d
% n! l6 ]% `7 `
" C0 Y' d" I" Z4 S! @- s1 R' f( P* P! O7 J
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
: s2 o7 D/ u; i$ @ G K- J' p+ ^1 } G, \4 T( W. c0 r" u
) o+ F: T; w7 m$ s1 D- pRejection of Authority0 p# B9 k+ K; v7 @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% F( O9 |( m" t1 z- s
121. Refusal of public support
9 x' W. `# v! f- P" x _ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 e( L b& V7 F. a
0 ^/ Y3 ?* D: P2 y7 z% ~Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, {% u( E# c3 u9 p! A 123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 y, G' Y8 J% [. ^3 N d9 z
124. Boycott of elections
- u a2 m5 w4 |4 H. U! n; q! Q+ N 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; d& c1 y* J0 w* C/ Y' p/ M! M( b 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' X4 X2 Z1 O# |$ L) n6 F- E
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 o* V' A4 P7 a. g
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& J6 o; w8 b5 J 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 W0 @( i( R9 ^5 }( C; J8 w 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 m: M7 D, i2 ~" S, }
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% c+ J6 x1 ]4 o0 x 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
; I, R5 R" B: r6 D4 p7 y) t8 L/ j) G A
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
) \- q4 Y: j2 H/ g 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# U! F0 C: N% N R) K( Z2 C 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 ?6 b3 c+ a! ~, S& B- O6 L
135. Popular nonobedience
/ K! Z1 ~: w+ F" y% d# w& j 136. Disguised disobedience
! z, F" D/ ~8 g% j* o 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( F! l; O2 H0 e2 P" j
138. Sitdown7 ]8 G3 j4 \0 E9 a
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: h( x# T5 E7 U2 e 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; [# ~2 Y) O6 c& F' t$ } 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
; X/ R3 _$ x9 I* \( v
8 z& h B+ S8 WAction by Government Personnel
& R Q/ L4 Y+ p8 o& ` 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. d- h! F7 b# x' j$ S- _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& Q" a) r* W- x# A0 h 144. Stalling and obstruction. w6 M6 t* {$ _) c" L! ~5 o
145. General administrative noncooperation/ g! G% a( B& L2 }3 e- D+ P5 t
1 _8 G9 G) i& Q 146. Judicial noncooperation
# D, | [7 W* p9 h0 D7 P* \7 o 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, q# { v8 ]3 u. \9 u0 i
148. Mutiny' n: a9 l: P( l9 S4 q6 y
Domestic Governmental Action
4 e; F1 \0 O& E5 ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays @$ h$ `1 {3 _6 b/ M, k! ]
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
1 J( |0 H; A, y5 _! `2 N! r7 y/ S1 A& T
International Governmental Action6 ~: \9 g. N0 _% V
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. P1 _% g" g/ I5 O L# ^/ D: M 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ q. T4 m- I+ W% d, f# B$ \
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: M& \3 K* z3 T3 u3 t) Q) O
154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ s1 i9 K0 i' G4 c
155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 ~* c/ X7 K l9 s0 i
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) y- U1 A) H. Q' q
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 m, j* m8 u% d
7 k7 l3 l. Q8 ?# O4 {! A' {# w
- h; ]% f' E0 u1 p# E* h$ G8 D
# `3 e! y: |& _THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 }9 r% Z8 }7 W8 c
p0 D& n4 I7 m/ @. @
% X& M2 ]7 U+ K( [% U" {Psychological Intervention5 S/ Q% w% u9 T" G
158. Self-exposure to the elements- W! C: m b# V9 [, F+ p; C
159. The fast* ]/ h$ Q) }7 T$ G, Y
a) Fast of moral pressure
- Q: f; o4 w& N b) Hunger strike6 A! h8 q( s$ P. }: y3 L, z1 @
c) Satyagrahic fast5 M3 _8 |0 ^( i- `: Q% f9 `4 {
160. Reverse trial
3 U0 C1 R, \: |! E) G5 B+ v 161. Nonviolent harassment
# N+ J Z8 o3 {5 ?, l5 P) {
, {5 d H" t- iPhysical Intervention: F8 `4 d. K# [* w9 \0 E+ c
162. Sit-in- s$ H: P* W* m
163. Stand-in
- F! G8 K- a1 [4 j5 ^ 164. Ride-in
" d% c8 n& v% e 165. Wade-in
8 H U) j; S* E7 b4 y3 g 166. Mill-in
, c6 o6 w' R. m& d 167. Pray-in
' d- L# @* g1 B( H9 }+ T' t' B7 S 168. Nonviolent raids8 r( ?( O' R5 p
169. Nonviolent air raids& l1 {. s1 Y; i3 b
170. Nonviolent invasion# c6 Z. V8 e% t: K* z( {
171. Nonviolent interjection P b& r3 c$ }: x3 M% z8 K
172. Nonviolent obstruction' @ i* |6 J& O/ L( W0 P# Q
173. Nonviolent occupation
" o3 K6 u5 f z3 o! x4 ?9 B+ @4 h* H2 O
Social Intervention/ I% t3 R' `; k* x- c8 v
174. Establishing new social patterns7 Z8 `3 Q4 V" y8 }) {, u3 q
175. Overloading of facilities
& U2 B* T9 j+ q$ ~ 176. Stall-in
[/ u* n+ Y; m( i6 e# { 177. Speak-in
* O% S$ Q& ~" o 178. Guerrilla theater
. p, u* z5 l9 k5 t 179. Alternative social institutions$ r( k' u' \, O% D4 B: E% b
180. Alternative communication system( G& q- ?; c! y- ^( I
0 h! e8 Z( _9 s+ @" \4 g0 Q
Economic Intervention
6 m2 p/ i- [8 j8 L5 z& c 181. Reverse strike
# i3 ~' J: Y6 h 182. Stay-in strike7 \& y: w. Y3 B# j
183. Nonviolent land seizure. ?- E, O" \& \; h
184. Defiance of blockades U4 C4 M* d+ D' A) B- Y- d5 m0 w
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 a8 i0 W' t6 b 186. Preclusive purchasing
# ^5 }- W# s5 l4 X- {' { 187. Seizure of assets1 [+ d4 Q. ]' \: ?, e% W
188. Dumping
4 d9 K& b2 \+ ?" P/ \" S 189. Selective patronage( j A6 P9 P% x# F% u1 j, g
190. Alternative markets
4 f0 m: T: [' v9 N) M! k: K8 p5 u: d5 F 191. Alternative transportation systems w F8 B' C+ B9 x
192. Alternative economic institutions6 s8 j- H, N# ] ?6 j+ Y5 U5 M
; O9 U& H4 [6 S! b+ h- GPolitical Intervention
' |8 F8 M- j, F# x( F6 t( [ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 m/ ~3 J! n1 \: N3 N 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( W5 i2 V: N0 D" a# t, s! |+ k 195. Seeking imprisonment
3 u( c( w7 }! K0 R/ \8 O) } 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) L& k6 B7 k4 L 197. Work-on without collaboration+ d7 q, v6 k3 Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# a; i. b4 _& i& ]% w+ e# ^' p( Q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
