 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, ]* p; n g, w) z
Formal Statements, e0 b) G. O0 D6 y L- t7 k2 D
1. Public Speeches
( P+ a3 U: c, E 2. Letters of opposition or support$ a, C. u8 n' K# q* {
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& U$ b O# o' _# u
4. Signed public statements; s; D* W% b7 N, U$ v9 Z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, V( T, b, j1 {- A# n5 _
6. Group or mass petitions8 Q& H2 ~( ~1 I% q$ s, @
5 h$ I3 ]2 s4 H* R$ p
Communications with a Wider Audience
3 E% r# E9 J" h. ~( t' ] 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- @* K6 S j+ s) @* B
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# H) m( Q% s7 r3 _. G+ l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 ]$ Y+ X% q# |3 H, E
10. Newspapers and journals0 R( {: `7 h N$ o& {6 x8 ^
11. Records, radio, and television8 p6 _8 y% y; I8 _# O. r P5 L
12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 h* i V" @4 {8 a! U
7 j2 D! M$ Z( c* _Group Representations, Z* Y1 n/ A3 |4 v+ j' m5 }& `
13. Deputations$ d5 v6 M1 E7 Z7 Z" ^( `$ S/ N1 @
14. Mock awards
1 g" ]2 V* g8 t8 _! l2 |7 ^ 15. Group lobbying" w- j% p% |4 y) F" k
16. Picketing
* @% C. ]+ V6 T. r) r# @6 f. ~$ V+ t 17. Mock elections" {; Q, C) ?7 D) U7 t
x% v) A3 ` o0 A, \4 A, \
Symbolic Public Acts
- i1 J- A& r: S! U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
|) Z" [$ P, Y5 Q/ P' i/ u 19. Wearing of symbols
6 v! i/ n) l4 e: g. ]8 Y 20. Prayer and worship
; y4 b+ J9 G m3 R5 y' k1 }- W 21. Delivering symbolic objects7 ~5 I/ \% E/ I8 i2 T* O
22. Protest disrobings
: l9 e% M( x2 ~) N6 v" `) F! U H. s 23. Destruction of own property
: } X2 h' K* o7 V7 y. e 24. Symbolic lights
8 _- y% s! u9 z6 @ 25. Displays of portraits. c$ ~" t( N$ i' q
26. Paint as protest) m5 a4 F0 X w) K2 H
27. New signs and names
$ n. z4 Q j+ ?# i/ x* o 28. Symbolic sounds
+ h! }3 K6 g" x& r- o. D: a/ X 29. Symbolic reclamations8 ?! G, Y8 M8 ~
30. Rude gestures, w* E0 d9 z& I0 M
% a8 s; j0 J! |: _ S
Pressures on Individuals8 l9 A3 w) j |( I3 @5 `2 q
31. “Haunting” officials8 f; Q/ V# Q1 J# o" C% E8 R3 N
32. Taunting officials
p, k9 z2 Q6 F6 ?' t 33. Fraternization3 n$ k4 Y1 `& P8 q
34. Vigils8 a* u6 |* N: M
1 v1 }. c ~2 C h6 Y3 I) p- W0 o" eDrama and Music
& _% I0 j H4 o0 v 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 g- b% I9 x% L8 `6 g8 B
36. Performances of plays and music
3 }* f3 ^+ y" [5 @+ h1 F6 { 37. Singing$ h; `( {5 ?& b* T6 K" y$ N
8 I. m/ y+ c" O: }' M5 ?6 K* I
Processions
$ m: v& c, x1 [: T! }2 b, j& v 38. Marches8 {4 e9 i ^8 l8 b3 G8 @ n
39. Parades1 R3 c2 M+ G7 G
40. Religious processions9 n/ k4 V% w, g4 C( s
41. Pilgrimages3 u6 {. a- G+ U3 J- V/ W
42. Motorcades0 A+ j; U$ n8 ]& h& o
1 R, @$ F/ q7 {Honoring the Dead
8 X9 a' `5 b7 O( Y+ N" s5 Z6 h 43. Political mourning# `& T! A* n9 D9 e$ Q+ e& J
44. Mock funerals+ u; i$ S; j0 K# B5 F
45. Demonstrative funerals, m& c, |. q3 H+ j, Z3 N
46. Homage at burial places9 K7 @4 ^1 E N6 |, t* M+ V
/ B I% b3 R" [' \ z
Public Assemblies
' U& G$ Z8 \ J( } 47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 B5 S0 K( d: k$ U r) f4 { 48. Protest meetings
! m# I! V9 Z) F6 _ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 s( f+ @! M% w5 g( s3 X7 t0 \
50. Teach-ins
) J8 e7 W) u) J! z0 T
6 g% `# P! E2 Q4 wWithdrawal and Renunciation# l) I- M2 T# ^. }8 c0 J
51. Walk-outs
3 G* w& h& c' s7 ~ 52. Silence& ?; ]4 Q& F" @" w: ]& x
53. Renouncing honors
' w7 \6 V& T8 ?& j* g# D& r# f. b, R; p$ { 54. Turning one’s back
4 [$ |5 b, }3 K' t" @% s
) |+ v; i) [% u 6 i- _) v1 l9 B7 k! n( n
j5 Y" u$ s" m8 X$ e$ I8 n
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 Z9 z. Q# f2 k. G4 W+ j
* u' _; ` g! W) g" O( \! z
+ i% s8 |& b& x4 k- Z: A
7 w+ r w1 R* G k7 hOstracism of Persons* O s( ?* ~+ J m- {4 r' u
55. Social boycott
' w# S) Q! U$ {$ ^ 56. Selective social boycott" A$ {9 n& G7 n
57. Lysistratic nonaction3 `8 U" Z$ _7 d! T
58. Excommunication+ K! c, ?8 f5 @
59. Interdict
6 F, w; p, R4 W0 h( @! i
7 l* b5 m T& gNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- q: C }$ j; A9 C( M$ \8 | 60. Suspension of social and sports activities. S8 Q& n* V; \9 T0 M* ~& Q
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 p) R. @& o9 m( }; W9 h! x 62. Student strike7 t* @9 i( v2 O) f
63. Social disobedience1 J9 A: Q4 U6 \' ?4 F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% C& P; z* ^: z' `$ x" V# {) I9 w- S8 _6 O) w. H9 r
Withdrawal from the Social System) J% }; ~4 E5 B: G4 L
65. Stay-at-home8 ?/ ~. D1 R* B2 j& w
66. Total personal noncooperation
' A. N$ e8 x- |- P: c% _( h- }3 b 67. “Flight” of workers
9 e( X4 Y' C$ x: Z5 J 68. Sanctuary# ?: b$ C* J8 B, D6 L
69. Collective disappearance
" ]5 v7 S. Q, f3 B! I 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
. X3 U6 o8 k: d" A& O. i" R4 F8 s/ X* d" Q' y7 c% N. F
$ u* A2 t# A( Q
" \8 b) v! E( [8 Z0 c9 F9 m
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
. s& l$ b+ s4 i: w( d9 X. G! J2 w- M3 ~; w
1 L7 j; [+ A5 C
Actions by Consumers, {6 q' N9 b+ L9 }0 e! w
71. Consumers’ boycott. [: \5 U- o& u$ j& O7 L; N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ d5 O8 | L* N1 p; Y 73. Policy of austerity* ?- f( v, T1 u& w! s
74. Rent withholding" v/ e) R% D/ o( k! {
75. Refusal to rent
' r4 N' g6 H" [ o. @ 76. National consumers’ boycott+ o5 q6 w% s- B5 n! j) S# C
77. International consumers’ boycott
! P5 I* N: {$ ~) g7 ], P1 P
8 A) g1 Z" D; i: ?' w# wAction by Workers and Producers1 ?: z9 K3 h" e) c: L+ _! `" F5 B
78. Workmen’s boycott0 Z* V m& {% K' B7 W3 n
79. Producers’ boycott' c( S$ } ?+ O6 B
$ z; J2 G+ ^/ S* ^Action by Middlemen) M# C' s$ B( e9 K
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- w$ r {! q. p- r0 i0 r
/ P2 u' l; ~$ C7 B* p; U* I% c6 }6 p
Action by Owners and Management
7 W/ W# ]3 i6 k1 \3 P, r, } c 81. Traders’ boycott% A* f# l1 O ?, Y2 s5 O- U1 i
82. Refusal to let or sell property
# Y9 j' Q& {! Z4 o& n' A0 v 83. Lockout
/ k) A. `/ h, c1 _% H+ d8 s3 K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 Q! v9 G1 ?" C* j. a9 A' |0 Z
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% S5 Z& o; G" z* N& G: e# S% C
6 d, {2 `! ]5 WAction by Holders of Financial Resources/ F. N: e9 P& c* L3 a9 g" P; x& n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 z5 R4 P3 ^3 P$ G 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' g3 g' g0 x- |3 K- p9 \% ? 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 @& E; q5 f c) Q# k0 O S 89. Severance of funds and credit
) U, l# [& E" }6 t. n 90. Revenue refusal0 {2 _, }% V7 K# X8 i; F
91. Refusal of a government’s money2 ?7 K5 c4 p& g2 i8 T7 x3 P
@% Z$ y4 h3 i2 i; @% J: v$ |
Action by Governments$ [$ x! p' F2 l# Q2 y+ o! i
92. Domestic embargo' M6 u7 ]1 C; M, ]
93. Blacklisting of traders# T% L, q3 B3 A& [) s
94. International sellers’ embargo
8 w3 V& D4 o0 X+ C 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ c; _8 L+ S( H& J 96. International trade embargo
6 E1 s( U# V3 ?" L+ S; J9 t9 d# |
) p- I- R* O6 ^ 3 H4 r) i* x, h t
4 r9 Q$ ?5 [' Q6 A& T+ {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 F. \3 T. y, R8 @) \& u k8 t2 C6 M5 D& ^7 |
4 f6 B+ ?, U9 j
Symbolic Strikes
- G4 m; o# Q9 _9 s6 K& M 97. Protest strike
! L m; R: M, L* h i; H8 v( W, r 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 Q& H- {% n# W: \+ s, q/ Y
+ H" O/ T, o( a) T: u% R$ \+ GAgricultural Strikes/ D9 E9 m1 o* l! |5 j/ Y
99. Peasant strike
3 f6 N9 o# Z8 I5 j 100. Farm Workers’ strike1 w6 R7 d! O8 i$ t$ M" u2 }1 k
. x- i. \, r* h0 s! \7 b$ VStrikes by Special Groups; e$ ^& y! D$ D/ j
101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 w! J8 h1 x' r$ _0 v! C 102. Prisoners’ strike; o* n4 | A5 C3 [2 v i
103. Craft strike
0 E4 ]# w: T8 H! x 104. Professional strike( D% _1 i' V" ?- i6 `6 \6 l, `' J
$ d& t9 ?& ^" e. ~
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
3 u* ?) J# Z+ Z* n 105. Establishment strike" Q2 o' ]; i. q, k; U3 \' c% i) {
106. Industry strike( S1 B" q3 S0 M9 s0 j& P
107. Sympathetic strike
: _& v( d$ t* z' u- \1 c
6 e4 Z9 V4 Y) L G9 P5 Y, h& m$ T$ _Restricted Strikes
/ B2 t. C0 r) A# t9 P 108. Detailed strike( Y: q% Y2 f" t
109. Bumper strike4 R2 W4 |) W2 ?5 p" W
110. Slowdown strike! g; k$ I" ^ U9 n5 ?
111. Working-to-rule strike
9 J$ ?9 N0 {% E* Z4 D& b 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% D1 z. S3 w- W9 I1 a 113. Strike by resignation* [* l V: [6 w! _ J' |7 C
114. Limited strike
3 e0 p4 N2 A- b8 t/ x8 _ 115. Selective strike6 ?$ n& V( p, x1 g
" i- u) P# u2 kMulti-Industry Strikes+ s1 T, v1 A4 N/ i
# z( M, x6 o. l6 S3 B# K6 e
116. Generalized strike) p w. n- K7 d
B9 ~9 B( P0 j
117. General strike7 o7 Z G6 S# [* W
& I. o) Q8 z9 f; \% R+ tCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; g2 i. @) M; S/ l1 W! J3 W7 s- d: X: a" T
118. Hartal+ \* x. k5 N9 o
O# f' R1 g! R. ^: F% } 119. Economic shutdown
z6 P# T% K e& b, T0 g; E
5 H6 m+ S% @: p8 g" }
2 r/ x1 l7 Q; w' M, F: H# S% D$ M8 t0 e. M5 g3 Z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 D& s8 h+ Z K9 A, m- z& I2 D
1 \# B/ A* r$ s
/ S' u5 e. P" h0 {) t9 ERejection of Authority) @1 N5 P/ m% x/ f) G
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 t' E; ~; v; J0 }1 v- ]6 a
121. Refusal of public support
5 K9 [. {% P& ]+ ^8 x+ F( } 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 t5 K8 A) H$ A- l) \) N8 y* w3 Z
0 U1 I( ~2 p# t. j0 Q5 h. T" G" Z8 z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 C) f+ g; s$ l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 ^' C7 [4 N( S/ Q" ]$ P" ]. a: ]
124. Boycott of elections
) F9 G0 G3 L9 e2 ~" b9 b& L: O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' o/ L& F& r) Z# ` 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 d9 Q% p" x, G# l9 w6 `
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' x3 }4 P# v/ Z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# s% Q2 A* ~0 y9 ~; u; u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 I1 f4 m' X" K, G 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 R3 V0 y( a- u4 Q/ v! }6 l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) p$ k$ U4 v$ W5 g0 A
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: p; e3 m# G/ t3 F: k7 `( R
) u. m8 j( r0 {8 `
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 j/ R+ m6 z2 x7 a5 O
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 g' @/ y$ E" e K$ }* ], Z3 I2 \ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% V- [7 z3 T" `/ Q 135. Popular nonobedience
- P: ^9 a4 l; N) e% x0 I( p9 l9 ~ 136. Disguised disobedience, ?$ Q' `' e) z+ F
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 r6 d: @& L6 k" e. l2 e
138. Sitdown9 y$ q& v! \9 a
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: @& p9 V E6 D4 [ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) g1 ~+ ~$ U2 B2 F# ?8 l. z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 _( X9 G. s7 ?6 e
6 {5 h6 [: W) {+ k# Q" S$ s. O' |% U tAction by Government Personnel
1 O2 q) s) q) [4 e" p 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% X; ?8 O# O4 |- Q# }- G
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ u0 l- \% u6 M& j
144. Stalling and obstruction
, b' d1 A, i* u* T2 x" g9 x, t" Q u 145. General administrative noncooperation3 Q: k" z9 A2 w" {
- H W- ^4 o7 X% e# Z2 s 146. Judicial noncooperation+ h3 l6 W+ t) A. _
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 _, F- I+ Q. J" I; f# D; H7 L 148. Mutiny
" p/ `; V. L8 W4 G$ MDomestic Governmental Action' f5 e- f' p, W8 ~: j6 I8 ^
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 E! n! D, @3 b" I0 Q% |; i
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: u: J2 q) d: \2 [. ^& X7 c/ G) z, Z, \6 [1 S
International Governmental Action
5 E# d2 k5 X5 Q9 U3 q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations0 p- L0 s9 V4 @8 r2 i' r
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, e' K; {& q4 ~
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 m3 |9 G; `3 g9 o1 C
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 M0 p! j0 a1 t6 A; d! q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ p) H6 f O$ B# r7 g+ { 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 ?$ W" ~+ k# E9 X% F" k 157. Expulsion from international organizations* c' h2 s' B1 ?& G* {( ^7 |( A$ P
4 l* e$ v/ W$ U & K7 e0 U* k! V! ^% A
O0 {! M# Z3 Z$ Y c
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; W' S" o. n! D2 ~% L# U; ?% q. l' \; N5 x _3 H; H
8 Y9 ~% o3 Q# z/ _& lPsychological Intervention
8 g& X( V* I; v4 ]5 Y 158. Self-exposure to the elements4 l, d$ F) g! K- ]0 ?5 {
159. The fast. A W; u7 s6 ]2 b' [
a) Fast of moral pressure0 J5 s/ A/ G7 K% f& {
b) Hunger strike* [7 Q) S0 D4 N# f
c) Satyagrahic fast& i+ Y- p/ E" F
160. Reverse trial+ g' F# D6 Z# p
161. Nonviolent harassment
8 R$ E- w8 K' i
; b0 v. i" w, p$ VPhysical Intervention
$ y, x- Y6 \- o% c) @8 O 162. Sit-in
0 j3 x6 J+ x5 ^; d 163. Stand-in$ T" G, X- d- h3 F8 @: [
164. Ride-in3 t) Z% V( b$ E. q1 [' h9 L4 d8 E
165. Wade-in
+ f6 o+ y; Y1 B 166. Mill-in
" \5 `5 D! Z% ^2 F 167. Pray-in3 K; w/ @- R: f3 C3 f6 i
168. Nonviolent raids
o( h( V3 g9 n5 |8 |' E) c) e 169. Nonviolent air raids# e4 t7 }0 d* x* |% E) r6 h4 S" H
170. Nonviolent invasion0 M# f0 d% K0 K9 q @/ N
171. Nonviolent interjection
' ~% u* U! g) J 172. Nonviolent obstruction. m1 h" h1 B' h, c8 L
173. Nonviolent occupation1 U; V* w2 f6 C1 T$ x
+ F7 [* K5 T/ {/ ?2 p
Social Intervention
3 E2 d# m* w! X" C* B% W4 l2 J 174. Establishing new social patterns5 ^% S, G6 {9 F# X2 o
175. Overloading of facilities
" o+ R/ F+ ^2 X. y. D2 C 176. Stall-in
! _% k; U# c. L( x+ ]4 K2 { 177. Speak-in
U$ ?9 y6 @$ g1 y 178. Guerrilla theater4 k2 R+ K' W( d, s7 p9 c
179. Alternative social institutions4 y2 q1 k+ C+ `6 _; I5 J
180. Alternative communication system
6 s0 \: g" t* V b& w, q" @: ]
" U% V9 Z: e% C3 e JEconomic Intervention
7 G( K# Q9 W. ^& n. U' P8 o. g Z 181. Reverse strike3 @- _& }. ]. H) R6 }; y
182. Stay-in strike
8 B2 K6 m; V* ~; l* E) ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ m; ` s# q- S6 f8 t
184. Defiance of blockades
# @7 c9 V9 t% j+ l0 M: f, C5 N0 @ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* P! P- z, m0 } b6 R
186. Preclusive purchasing
' M8 j1 D+ q2 [: v) S 187. Seizure of assets* c. v4 K" e- W# ]0 j* U
188. Dumping( Q7 S9 G" m. M$ d l8 m
189. Selective patronage) D E: s3 J3 r, ]9 S
190. Alternative markets; D1 e3 `) d/ v- g2 `* I
191. Alternative transportation systems' F2 U3 l e9 \7 O t5 x# z
192. Alternative economic institutions
" V/ E. V* o) p" ?
7 Y7 E3 m7 E$ d0 g/ g& s U0 VPolitical Intervention# R' m N, H. {4 B, ~9 Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems
* b4 _; E3 |' A4 D9 D' T1 n 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' b" g5 S4 M" d6 m
195. Seeking imprisonment
1 ^/ P: c0 e3 ]% k0 F9 V* B 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% c0 C+ w# h: f/ @ 197. Work-on without collaboration
+ h3 M( i" m* Y" U2 {! G' }% _3 ~ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
' h7 e. I' |3 w6 E7 y8 i, f6 [$ M! T7 Q" e8 E2 b3 W- K! I# N" e! W
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
