 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. n: p9 Z0 Z& Q- X5 r* s d
Formal Statements3 i( X/ A2 w( m; o; {' ]
1. Public Speeches; a5 e& G9 X. ]# Y' e
2. Letters of opposition or support! w2 U: n5 o3 x' P
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# [+ I% ]. a4 _2 O& g' Q 4. Signed public statements
% m: Q' k' ^; l' p0 ~# _8 _9 y) I* h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention' B6 V6 O# `) q8 b
6. Group or mass petitions
2 B1 n4 a; x6 p8 ]6 E' r/ p6 r6 |9 F/ d, R
Communications with a Wider Audience. ?5 g9 p" H$ R' [# k
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 r/ m7 E3 V/ Y. l$ z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 d' s j# e. ~2 H( }5 M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, r" j9 @$ ~0 C* ~3 d
10. Newspapers and journals
( a- w; H" s: d: L 11. Records, radio, and television& R$ U7 W' G( e! n1 O) v: Z
12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 `5 Y" q4 w4 o2 ~3 b' f! L
5 b- X) ?( k2 ~, B6 _3 fGroup Representations
' A& { C- n2 t% J% t5 l 13. Deputations
, H4 c# f' h: `+ ^" n+ r 14. Mock awards5 x% d2 S t, S+ \3 K
15. Group lobbying @; l- J4 t6 q; w0 Z5 V) j" I: J
16. Picketing8 M! W2 M. r t( \7 I
17. Mock elections0 H( H0 y0 `4 B6 ^- f) |/ t- M
! t! c6 Y, l7 t. }: |7 q3 p$ K& g" eSymbolic Public Acts. N, x0 ]# F! ?+ Y0 U% m0 d
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' X2 I2 S- l' s8 O
19. Wearing of symbols; `% T- l; u/ Z3 h) L# O
20. Prayer and worship" E5 r0 ~+ j7 u# Q( B+ B
21. Delivering symbolic objects
* o. v2 z; \8 b7 R 22. Protest disrobings
& S" d. }$ B9 s 23. Destruction of own property
. O1 E. b! ^/ }" k: Z8 Q 24. Symbolic lights. E+ r( C+ B0 @: r# @
25. Displays of portraits# `7 o* g2 l# B# \% K' H/ \
26. Paint as protest
& f0 g6 |( i) I* i+ g 27. New signs and names2 k( q' w4 Z; l: m
28. Symbolic sounds* s( f- |6 j6 R/ b& r2 `5 w3 D9 r9 e6 K, b
29. Symbolic reclamations! h* i ?7 \' ]; M6 k
30. Rude gestures
( q y* v" {' r
+ q$ `* N" }, X3 @" w" bPressures on Individuals
* C+ I0 r$ s6 {3 P, c 31. “Haunting” officials d" Q3 o2 d; K, _
32. Taunting officials
5 _# F& K2 k& J( i3 g. I 33. Fraternization
3 M. t0 Z6 h9 h3 t; c 34. Vigils3 G" P7 r5 r) `6 a8 O1 H8 E
+ W Z o" @- x+ H) \* V
Drama and Music3 T: I0 J+ E& f
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ Q% i& x" S/ {
36. Performances of plays and music4 u' p( h: H4 O7 a. `$ T* t* v' a
37. Singing1 q1 D# E2 y Y! ^; o) O. F' O
* S3 L4 e& i0 sProcessions1 c% T' e2 }6 Y' x& l) `" V
38. Marches7 [* Y- Y' K8 k4 m# ?
39. Parades
3 A5 g( V, N9 w l) T0 L 40. Religious processions
+ ?' o. n8 ]# B7 L2 B+ ] 41. Pilgrimages6 `) P; l% h- S0 q6 l
42. Motorcades
* }5 s* O# _* I$ I: W* z7 ~
' n; f( c2 [% [2 v4 d3 kHonoring the Dead" t k5 R7 p: d* T% ]% M
43. Political mourning3 {6 m1 L' K1 C) W0 I! S
44. Mock funerals
5 w/ _( U' ^- E 45. Demonstrative funerals8 E1 G# ?9 s0 \; G
46. Homage at burial places, V; L% p. _( u( w& H
) \7 x4 j. M+ V' e5 VPublic Assemblies' d, m. E3 o* H/ X: A
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 |, s; L# ^8 Z/ s% G
48. Protest meetings9 J- R( V: {, u/ D; N
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# |' X- H' @, F. q
50. Teach-ins
: i* G2 g! v7 h5 M r- H7 V% v: L4 c0 R. p% ~5 ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. X/ E: o% k/ P9 e% M8 @. k 51. Walk-outs
- Y7 G2 [7 l3 J9 M+ ^1 A# J 52. Silence
~. Y9 Y* l' u1 z1 [+ t' N% t 53. Renouncing honors! Q3 A* z! G! Y2 @
54. Turning one’s back
0 D( r- L4 c+ f, O+ U8 ~1 c/ G2 r9 E4 H! o5 o @, l; u/ Q
0 o. N9 y9 L& l" r* B2 M9 s. h
- K+ D8 @; O, Y; K( n l; @2 zTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& O5 \1 U: D# q- Z
! \ F3 }: F, L, g
% ^' e# t3 z' N, G$ ^) L8 d( ]3 d
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Ostracism of Persons
E7 `* R% Z& }. t2 P 55. Social boycott
0 d6 J% e$ K7 q- a$ ^* e4 U, n 56. Selective social boycott: q9 A' z( n. L7 F. I
57. Lysistratic nonaction: c) m/ h' \% A* ]: ]
58. Excommunication
. ^! s) d; r' V/ Z 59. Interdict8 J. d- ~# g+ R4 n' r
( n* W7 ?( J$ ^9 X, p Q/ R6 ~Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* i$ P5 G. w( A1 o$ f 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; ~5 h! z% i5 n' H+ B4 o9 z+ F 61. Boycott of social affairs
2 w; J+ w/ _1 t! ~! s' I 62. Student strike
% a1 w+ O4 M6 B# [: M 63. Social disobedience6 l8 V% P, R) o/ s
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% @# ?2 r! J# I3 l( h) }$ ~! w" q: D% U
Withdrawal from the Social System
7 a1 A! p8 g) [ 65. Stay-at-home" e3 v" {; { s5 ]/ h
66. Total personal noncooperation' h" Y& E; T+ Y0 h
67. “Flight” of workers& X2 L$ R6 O* D5 E* C
68. Sanctuary
- {$ E+ V/ J& x8 O 69. Collective disappearance. Y" ?3 N2 \/ B& x* V( z6 m2 |
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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) f& X! _' j+ }1 F% bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! Z4 u2 S" K3 B1 V$ ^
; F" z! R3 F2 O7 _2 w7 q
5 X8 O% b, G# r7 h, CActions by Consumers
9 O1 u' F9 ]% c3 p# B" [/ E+ } 71. Consumers’ boycott
) r2 h9 z7 o! I& W) q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# Z; X1 L! s4 |4 k; i8 P+ t: q8 } 73. Policy of austerity
3 E2 |0 K& C9 ~& g Q 74. Rent withholding7 Z; R, M" E6 n" a
75. Refusal to rent+ t0 E) }# E F" P: A
76. National consumers’ boycott' t1 P t: J/ [4 @* }. t; o5 a
77. International consumers’ boycott
7 |9 H* X p9 G6 J) O, H# D1 f: O1 D4 _1 B. U$ C* u: g; R! w5 m
Action by Workers and Producers: r+ l% S1 T* @0 B' X+ K5 G
78. Workmen’s boycott7 y# M* Z+ L" `
79. Producers’ boycott
0 }; e% i7 Q8 Q! a; h0 ^! c3 I4 } P5 |0 S+ Z
Action by Middlemen/ |) q8 p. a. [ F2 N4 Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 Q9 y' r) _, U4 @( X* v' }$ M& @9 o: j) U; D1 Q
Action by Owners and Management
0 ~" \7 c2 C3 }: F 81. Traders’ boycott
5 i2 q/ q' K/ ~" ^8 O+ A" B% \- b4 B 82. Refusal to let or sell property/ f0 }- d+ B5 F6 n, E
83. Lockout( K4 r( `. Y ~1 J0 L
84. Refusal of industrial assistance: r( M" f: M2 |7 E, x
85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 ], }0 h. b9 U( a
* J3 F+ v% c: k2 j2 z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& T- P. i) a; b7 h
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! h/ t9 z& T9 z G 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! ?. r9 M: d2 {* g4 N) u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. e/ d0 m2 N6 U! H( L% i; I 89. Severance of funds and credit* y \$ ~1 s8 E; ?' a
90. Revenue refusal4 _$ q4 `$ E5 S9 ^/ P# e
91. Refusal of a government’s money) Y: E- ~& r9 O0 T( L2 d
0 m( p8 j- V) O. g2 T0 L
Action by Governments
3 L/ E: J6 J, a( M+ k 92. Domestic embargo
# l; T0 q8 k5 ^6 V 93. Blacklisting of traders
; Y5 r5 {1 }$ H, g 94. International sellers’ embargo
' U3 E+ `$ O' ]9 y( S6 N 95. International buyers’ embargo. r' x t6 P2 R. p
96. International trade embargo
' O7 A: P5 \& C7 h# A2 q- t2 B; \/ n9 c8 K2 t) m
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 e7 r5 r" c% T
% a3 J& ?! p( q# e9 n3 W
! `: o( H' T! ]1 g8 JSymbolic Strikes
J, S! Z" p- X$ d9 c5 }$ b( h 97. Protest strike3 T; M1 \- n0 _
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 L; f5 u% j: R
6 b l. V: ^" K2 n w& n, pAgricultural Strikes7 ^6 i3 } U' a+ I3 }& j
99. Peasant strike( \( \3 o9 C( @; e9 l) x7 U* P
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 F# e) A$ E- \: R( S4 L5 T% e
3 z1 b1 r3 V- S
Strikes by Special Groups
/ F8 X0 H# I% i' V6 H1 z 101. Refusal of impressed labor
u& w1 }) ^) I& M& l% b) q 102. Prisoners’ strike
1 f0 g# w! G4 M" Q 103. Craft strike0 h0 y. h) h! k
104. Professional strike
0 ]. f* p* i4 L5 s" i0 {3 w! ^) j! J) G1 X, h
Ordinary Industrial Strikes A' g. R o' a
105. Establishment strike
( Z8 D5 n9 j$ h! E 106. Industry strike
$ T( _ C8 z! D4 w! {$ g& E) Y! b 107. Sympathetic strike
H) Z: f4 S$ ~4 h% } W6 t0 P# v. E, U) d( W
Restricted Strikes1 T- Y7 f% T$ ?/ {/ I( b
108. Detailed strike4 O; w! J+ a6 r- P) ?6 D
109. Bumper strike& O# ]0 L I5 [& @
110. Slowdown strike7 h3 N; Y1 _) R4 N6 H) r- q
111. Working-to-rule strike& x1 B4 P. w |( h- i( _. K
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ x6 e7 G% q6 s3 q9 u. \, h. X 113. Strike by resignation3 M% y: C( h: v9 `
114. Limited strike+ C' S1 V6 U% `! X7 U
115. Selective strike
6 l7 |8 O S' [$ n& s7 `* k1 V6 X, t5 U$ I/ g% N) \
Multi-Industry Strikes& m! N. x. H% X% t2 P
$ e) A$ b2 w! L" q% T& @. R" Z
116. Generalized strike# |* X9 n2 N4 f. W3 n1 ^" G
- `2 p8 `- D8 E; |3 o6 f% e 117. General strike
5 I7 t- l" H i4 A
2 ^& w, f' E) \Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 ~& g: G4 n* }' N# c
! i+ M( I" ?/ q' i* O, X3 J 118. Hartal4 q6 M( H+ `4 z) _: g* H& K% P5 N! c& ?
, U) b- t$ O4 b' K8 I3 | C* H 119. Economic shutdown
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+ w' g1 X3 g) p8 i, k: W$ W
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% U4 h7 b: V$ O; |6 D
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Rejection of Authority0 w. }! J6 A# y. W# Z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 p% m) J% q8 j4 j2 S/ n
121. Refusal of public support- t9 @6 V1 j. M# ~
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* N+ C+ M2 |& y) Q3 \6 f1 e
! t; X8 T* U7 v+ T' R+ H. K! TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 A6 ~* v- b2 m1 n3 t
123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 A' I4 n6 p; b
124. Boycott of elections
. N5 D+ u; O& A+ E' X6 x! Z* m 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 {" R0 }! R0 `8 ?: z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, B1 S$ v5 r3 u: a3 s
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 D' m0 U6 O! z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 o2 v8 @6 Q: x* n
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( p( b' i3 G6 X) v4 x. ~4 C7 I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks3 f3 i9 P% m7 a* u/ F W! ~- [
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 @# s* R' Y" M# w/ k/ n _2 X
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: W6 n- O0 a6 i, j" q
- z' @ X! W" G6 F* {0 BCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 w4 y5 R# K# G; D7 y7 X2 j9 l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance% ^& l$ j6 u+ u- s" F }
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: f( w5 ]! P3 C; b V. h
135. Popular nonobedience
8 n2 D6 @, r3 G/ e& L 136. Disguised disobedience
% a: A, l* V9 U3 z3 D7 a- \/ E 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% }% u3 v2 [4 ]* |
138. Sitdown
! n4 Y% |/ R w/ r 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ L V1 D2 ^' w# q$ N, P Y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# b Q4 a3 w, v5 h( ~8 ^9 W) g 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
; R& q# q3 z8 `/ z/ k; M# R, d. z6 E# c' g6 y5 E& y
Action by Government Personnel* W# a2 i- O- R- m; s* P
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 X5 o4 P f3 Z! z W& @ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information. `3 q$ `/ o/ r8 v8 b
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 o9 e, h$ x+ E2 r2 }- E5 z 145. General administrative noncooperation
. }8 b+ l: E" U9 D1 H1 Q h; o. A
146. Judicial noncooperation6 l" r; s7 j& K+ o
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 S1 l$ B$ u2 Z3 k8 x) V2 o
148. Mutiny: r' @6 Y5 z/ e2 P, a
Domestic Governmental Action
( b) N$ A0 T1 T4 v 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 s0 j e6 q8 |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& ?5 \) h" E1 X6 m; j. ]/ e* {7 \* S! q
International Governmental Action
, u! x+ v; b/ `- m: j 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' Y P( m" [: j7 p1 u 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 r) e* O" O- I! k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
" P* H8 C8 j8 X1 K/ D; _+ s 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# `$ \4 e9 Z6 C4 Z( \/ F. J( z( ]
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% F' C% ^0 g2 K% X } 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. w) d, I) f v c2 W% b 157. Expulsion from international organizations! f# N; _% D A E* o2 Z
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& ?) m# Q8 B" y$ \. H
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
( f; ^! N, w+ r5 e/ j0 N4 p& A3 |3 o' V
5 \! Z0 q6 Z+ K4 \ s/ d
3 b; k; u. d8 l% H. T/ |3 `Psychological Intervention+ M$ v/ I1 \8 A) j7 I- j
158. Self-exposure to the elements
( A3 e9 [3 G) M& P6 k( \& }. L3 K2 o; ]- l 159. The fast3 a- D! g; P. \* g% j6 |! Y
a) Fast of moral pressure
5 O" b" ~* C; v+ V1 J ~ b) Hunger strike. J7 X# d# [# O0 A0 b. X& W
c) Satyagrahic fast
! i% N! e0 x- [/ K 160. Reverse trial; ^2 D" m- [& p+ Y8 M
161. Nonviolent harassment; ]( K# G$ o7 ?( s. L. s
7 e1 A9 r8 ]$ ^9 BPhysical Intervention
! h2 b$ `+ E+ a' M5 I0 e 162. Sit-in
. E) C1 t& |4 ?8 T8 J 163. Stand-in e' T2 s- {! X1 S n1 o) @
164. Ride-in
2 v( p- g1 R3 Z6 Y# Y2 u( [ 165. Wade-in
+ S: `% h4 S% Q: m. V4 d 166. Mill-in/ w1 M. V. Z) v- i1 |6 _3 x# R0 v
167. Pray-in. s5 V6 I3 _. C9 G+ Y) i$ g3 Y
168. Nonviolent raids% P1 ` o; [' x7 e0 @, y( b# N; p
169. Nonviolent air raids
E k( T6 }8 g. e 170. Nonviolent invasion8 b% S- P+ Q! {) M% M2 w1 d/ N5 E
171. Nonviolent interjection+ m" m) ^. t, d5 U; [3 R! a2 N' L
172. Nonviolent obstruction
& P! Q; A6 h) A/ z 173. Nonviolent occupation& F. o. C. O4 X
3 F2 ~& M b; G3 h- e* [& q, OSocial Intervention
0 |( n: U$ O1 [0 [ n 174. Establishing new social patterns& L4 i2 h6 w! d
175. Overloading of facilities- i n ], `7 c/ n+ h
176. Stall-in
$ n M) p: k' v0 {8 t7 n 177. Speak-in
! @* ]! |6 C% f. _* R, h 178. Guerrilla theater% F8 b5 h3 N* h& S4 y4 y
179. Alternative social institutions
) F: ~0 c6 F' z2 Q" F 180. Alternative communication system
2 ]0 e1 _! {' I# Q3 q/ C. M: Z7 r8 {9 K5 l2 ^
Economic Intervention
2 h3 D1 T; }% z" |7 @ 181. Reverse strike
% @8 P& h! ~" s 182. Stay-in strike2 F. G' Z2 r/ _
183. Nonviolent land seizure! h! e1 o7 _* u: u4 O. M8 F9 o9 v
184. Defiance of blockades4 e. j' o+ e% o& }
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting z+ U' t' ^& C+ t
186. Preclusive purchasing
' b/ J0 P9 V% r' e; n8 z* l8 H2 x 187. Seizure of assets3 h1 W6 |# b$ t" H# g
188. Dumping8 r6 q2 h2 E% q. l
189. Selective patronage W7 C( R8 h z' ]7 k7 W# F
190. Alternative markets/ c! }' q$ K- J/ C3 w- O! Y
191. Alternative transportation systems
2 |8 ^' y3 }+ N6 H) u& X 192. Alternative economic institutions' P7 a( n; F4 W' u) j, R
3 k ]$ T6 r/ B% T4 pPolitical Intervention$ L4 L! A; M2 h' t6 p# r9 R; j3 {
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 m0 O1 F# h5 K8 t/ c; |: G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) T+ q0 h& l% {7 r5 @ 195. Seeking imprisonment
* i' _6 ?" j; y9 K1 z z2 B3 P 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 q7 [, G' C* K1 G$ d 197. Work-on without collaboration
" B4 ^: J7 c5 R" t: J8 r% O 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
