 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) z+ S; p) }9 b4 ? ?, g& | fFormal Statements
# }9 k- r) X. l$ z) O 1. Public Speeches$ m3 _8 i+ k5 |9 P3 L8 ^
2. Letters of opposition or support
& s4 E: S3 v4 f; { 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- d/ \, ]$ Y7 z, i" {
4. Signed public statements! Y1 s( a2 G5 V5 a) Y+ F \8 I
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 ~6 c/ g3 A, c# p+ E 6. Group or mass petitions9 b$ C2 I2 X) T$ t& h1 F
4 L7 w8 ^; D0 g9 z! ~5 ^( V0 eCommunications with a Wider Audience
" }; [& z& ]5 r4 s) r 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols n3 ?# I! y$ l2 I
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ ~ p4 V8 i, l9 E# w+ p' @
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! B, F( Q1 }# w" n 10. Newspapers and journals6 y4 r' w$ r8 z0 G" C0 f
11. Records, radio, and television# _/ G8 [* U& g& h
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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0 t. S' L9 C$ p2 X K$ G, x+ t" f& AGroup Representations& D; J- o5 f: l7 K+ p
13. Deputations
; [ p, v$ q/ a1 E* ~ 14. Mock awards: \% W/ ^$ k* h" \+ s9 J" P+ U
15. Group lobbying
+ u# P4 T; A/ k, ?2 u% | 16. Picketing
0 l0 v$ Y7 n3 a! p% D8 ~ 17. Mock elections
4 P( H/ c% F9 f8 {. m, i% U) m; [4 W' F
Symbolic Public Acts- [$ \6 j$ r1 |( Z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# y. ^% {$ @6 Y- z. } 19. Wearing of symbols
3 \6 C* B8 f! K( Z 20. Prayer and worship
& Y0 D; H3 R9 w8 T! c7 Y/ U 21. Delivering symbolic objects" ^! T; {: H1 @( F5 R+ W* `' |
22. Protest disrobings' {9 W' ?3 z7 `: v6 M
23. Destruction of own property7 M. V" f1 O% T1 ^: t8 L6 a$ u
24. Symbolic lights
3 ~7 j. n! k, Q4 V% E/ z$ U. p8 q 25. Displays of portraits
+ k/ R+ S0 h9 g 26. Paint as protest2 n6 w, U0 E% s0 t
27. New signs and names3 a1 s! }' M f+ n) K D6 t7 E# h% T
28. Symbolic sounds
. `$ ^4 G4 u$ Y 29. Symbolic reclamations
9 z% k7 `5 _( \4 S \; i 30. Rude gestures
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; m+ r( w/ N! `, d4 LPressures on Individuals
( V: @) W' F3 w/ V6 O9 [% { 31. “Haunting” officials: X, l# w- N% m: r, a! q
32. Taunting officials8 N+ J+ V% @) Z/ `
33. Fraternization
% m. e1 T6 B* ~; ^0 J7 @ 34. Vigils
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F; F o5 W N% [4 n! xDrama and Music
% K+ s5 c4 a% B: K2 z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
! `3 c# D; n# m6 o# O* J 36. Performances of plays and music0 v% B* d. g" v
37. Singing
1 ~, ~# L- \! Y' O7 w2 x/ u& j' f; j
8 w3 z8 ~8 Z! _7 _6 cProcessions
8 K9 \: ^! _7 }4 k3 O& E. a 38. Marches
0 F* Y8 c t7 V4 W+ @' q 39. Parades6 Q& B m2 G% @- W' f% J
40. Religious processions5 |4 M4 `) x8 W# }/ n
41. Pilgrimages, `3 G6 B# |+ ?
42. Motorcades( ]+ [; a- `6 D8 h! u
3 X. Q Y# a( j; l
Honoring the Dead
1 B# [' F! [5 y3 ] 43. Political mourning
1 F) G3 D: R7 V9 z 44. Mock funerals' ?- a$ ^) r& s/ n4 o* O
45. Demonstrative funerals9 c% C# r5 O- h6 v, \1 t4 b
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies' W0 `! q' @& L% Y- ]4 P# N3 K$ |
47. Assemblies of protest or support
: {/ Z6 T# @9 E 48. Protest meetings
; o+ V" F) [, }8 _. I& Z' e+ V5 d 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 z& R% n4 c" {4 i# X) ? 50. Teach-ins
4 L- f/ J5 S6 S
, Q/ D/ p7 _* PWithdrawal and Renunciation
" c9 j: Z6 p2 Q 51. Walk-outs
5 ~- H6 _: e% Y+ Z. \, P 52. Silence
5 q# t- I* n! L1 v2 X; w 53. Renouncing honors
9 x4 G: l$ e- a6 {" g* X% r4 Y 54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- ~$ D- }0 J4 b
3 v! C T& p9 Q. v5 F7 N) {/ n
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: t+ J* T2 U3 a. xOstracism of Persons
' c0 F, Q( V; P% K7 i [1 ? 55. Social boycott; L; H6 @8 V% I9 x
56. Selective social boycott
E& Y" p# A8 w- ^ X- R 57. Lysistratic nonaction: C+ g" h' w# o1 Q+ J" u& X0 N
58. Excommunication# L% j* X. b3 e) `5 D3 q. A2 x
59. Interdict! F' J8 @7 \0 M; _1 I4 o
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions ^% f9 p$ w: u6 v8 g ~
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 F9 R% Q+ D" a( K 61. Boycott of social affairs
! _- P! N- P; O, f7 H 62. Student strike
) I5 t1 k9 ?- P& e, n- {% W( C5 a 63. Social disobedience
5 C0 B% p- z$ e) t0 Q 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 P, z3 H6 t4 \5 m5 m! E! r' h: ]
l! R- Z8 N" A: g7 K# [5 OWithdrawal from the Social System2 l& L* i$ W# y+ `/ d
65. Stay-at-home6 q% P. N- p5 _8 G! W
66. Total personal noncooperation+ u- Y8 X! N- p0 u
67. “Flight” of workers1 a! H) w9 i# j7 |$ ^! R
68. Sanctuary
3 E' f5 @' N; t7 q 69. Collective disappearance8 E) J& w- E% D7 l
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* u4 p/ Q* p! E
3 ?4 g2 l3 u9 o2 K2 w * }+ s$ p6 l) O4 J* q8 e" w* B2 G
9 n1 z2 H1 p) ^2 tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 q# b# l$ w, |: W6 J
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Actions by Consumers2 W1 V9 f2 M9 f8 g( @
71. Consumers’ boycott1 C. Y1 s! c& v, ?& R8 C$ \
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& |+ ~8 y/ X9 R" d" W1 n* w
73. Policy of austerity, J Y$ Z* B, g3 T0 G! ~
74. Rent withholding H2 A- y) O1 |5 g" E8 W
75. Refusal to rent0 b2 Z* A: `( U
76. National consumers’ boycott
& j$ Y9 X4 c- H6 `, a6 M5 g5 U) d: b) L 77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers0 k: U1 m% c: \! Q( F# K7 u
78. Workmen’s boycott9 A9 \1 s3 a- C! ]
79. Producers’ boycott
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3 O# Q; d, w" MAction by Middlemen7 G: ~" w* W$ y& y% u/ d; ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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3 {4 H- J4 Q0 w" OAction by Owners and Management
: H/ i7 u( Q3 F! O( _7 D3 R% h0 I 81. Traders’ boycott/ O4 z! E7 @7 @) N
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ @0 q0 \' P, K) L; c9 m& o 83. Lockout; q( d2 `! o2 J' \! d4 a: O
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- d. e, {, ]# B) O7 r Z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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! V) p- v* r" G! X' W, U" \& GAction by Holders of Financial Resources$ m I% c: E M6 {) z% b0 l# {
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 a4 B; ~/ `2 B& s6 a! C 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: X8 {' `- X c. V' q# Z/ C5 v2 q* H
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
I: \2 ~6 M" K0 A8 d2 S$ h 89. Severance of funds and credit
. N0 D* Y7 t% y7 U' _9 T$ f: S 90. Revenue refusal
% n; \- P6 a3 u+ J" c 91. Refusal of a government’s money q/ H# d- i4 B. K8 k- b; [
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Action by Governments5 J' u2 g7 q, c4 C
92. Domestic embargo2 L9 Z9 A% i* _( D$ t4 G, x; y
93. Blacklisting of traders9 L [/ g' a3 V; e
94. International sellers’ embargo5 @' P0 {( h' B7 |
95. International buyers’ embargo; P6 q3 x- I, s4 O& e @
96. International trade embargo
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; o3 T8 }* \/ S" j- sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 Y6 W& K- m# Q {
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Symbolic Strikes
; y( b8 ?* L! k: R! m( ^0 Z 97. Protest strike
# F$ q/ Z3 V+ ]. S: {$ ~% E/ n3 c* h 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 I3 Q! B8 w' b+ k
* n+ }5 m! t/ S/ |; a+ J# wAgricultural Strikes
5 [: B2 O& _% j0 V: B r 99. Peasant strike$ H6 B+ L8 s/ z- z4 L ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike9 t% x# ]$ V0 y* o& T1 s$ K1 `
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Strikes by Special Groups1 s8 h) p" Q2 x; K5 m6 M* A
101. Refusal of impressed labor$ T$ _, N) m, @6 T6 J$ J" x C
102. Prisoners’ strike
( f; G" w; g! q" n 103. Craft strike
1 V# U' }# p. d% _ 104. Professional strike
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0 n9 o: h* [' G/ a$ S0 ~Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 k! x* r& E3 q" l5 T 105. Establishment strike
* Q' B- Q( h! q+ z+ ^, B1 N 106. Industry strike
, j3 w% I+ m' C 107. Sympathetic strike+ t2 F7 s4 ^! Q1 [" H: E( b3 [
) s/ o6 X) m/ I3 g1 c! b) sRestricted Strikes8 { u0 @/ m/ P0 y9 X- c
108. Detailed strike
% \& l: t6 |: r3 H3 S, R5 ]0 b5 G- ^7 J 109. Bumper strike
2 ~7 ]1 z( m1 P5 H+ M- P2 k8 B 110. Slowdown strike3 {6 ?( K6 D# Q0 g' i
111. Working-to-rule strike
6 C2 R1 J" m* ~7 j 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& j! w4 C! o; k8 A7 s3 J1 a 113. Strike by resignation
, S8 [6 _: v; s 114. Limited strike
7 b, L' @4 _& G A% ]( X# L: d6 c 115. Selective strike# A/ R3 Q: e( m( Z! z
5 n- H7 S! Z( K
Multi-Industry Strikes8 R* N! {4 w) Y3 h2 S- @9 B) A
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116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike8 D; @1 K( J$ b. q4 ]/ L5 v
: R0 D! D1 X0 @+ R3 i ECombination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 w5 W; s) W- g9 _
- `) F, ~; T# `; ^/ T1 x' ? 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown. T1 p+ l- k, L6 P$ r9 r
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' `/ U2 s' W0 T
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Rejection of Authority
2 t' W2 y% E. L" }+ ]7 p# F6 l$ | 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ `, x) Y, W! S X9 ], i
121. Refusal of public support% I$ H4 S7 E7 B& t
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance. o" n) u7 E# e
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government" f; x! {, q( M; o: A, J9 n
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& q* x8 ]# v4 J9 Q$ ]0 e
124. Boycott of elections; v# e3 _2 _" b2 ]3 q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 o4 L$ Q, p. L 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, \9 Z) k3 g0 O! C' U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 n- Z! n9 x4 ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; T' X! n+ y7 @* b0 I* k1 y9 e 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 z9 e/ }; B5 Q8 }
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" Q" c* O% S4 ^2 A 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
X7 s0 g' _% D' b% a 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* B5 v0 r0 O( J- V- k
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* k4 ]6 b% P- D6 C; |; y2 l+ c. ] 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. E3 v) K. C$ [( Z( J, d 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 H8 V$ E% g0 H; C" p
135. Popular nonobedience- {' R. s1 ~& R: a, Z. w
136. Disguised disobedience6 J* q9 f8 m& K! D
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 ]* H& T9 n! c
138. Sitdown, T0 f) w. l& ^/ W l1 I
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! J: D9 r2 I5 y, e4 S
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 ?+ Q. p5 T% v4 Z4 O( b7 ?5 o3 k$ N
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 I6 D' x1 u+ F, N! U
1 P4 y* P& J" @, f$ p2 K' WAction by Government Personnel) g6 |/ t$ Y2 O
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- ^/ @/ C K( q W: q5 b5 [0 n0 G M 143. Blocking of lines of command and information e2 o, ^6 n N, ^; e5 E
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 v, f; F0 W# l. \ 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation3 o [. w7 i# ^* b, d4 [
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 f. E. A# D! J- s 148. Mutiny
( a# u4 w6 T1 z F/ k; i) Z* ADomestic Governmental Action
8 b' M& x6 i" I6 h+ j 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 F! W0 G! A& o5 a: c# Z/ h) m 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' m. j3 u# l0 o
& P' x6 b$ @& \International Governmental Action3 p" A* i6 z; E; w* [# J% Y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ X( h+ ], F; D2 ~! Z' L; V 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 W9 X! Q1 l6 @7 W
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 ~& P% A* z- R3 A9 R 154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 U) P. l$ a* D* R `4 U
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. M3 Y' ], T i/ v: _ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 W& h% v; M u8 q3 g& v8 r& n 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* ^: B* ~0 Q; k3 H
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# @. t0 U* T1 P2 G9 qPsychological Intervention e3 B! R/ Z7 C6 V$ I
158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 E# F8 K$ C* o- E. L6 u' k6 f+ Y. G 159. The fast1 b6 S) d; [! v$ J, I
a) Fast of moral pressure+ F- l5 y! z: |& m, t' Q
b) Hunger strike) o! H( |% B& L1 e- G. s
c) Satyagrahic fast
* z. N3 x. l" a4 W8 ]6 S& s# h 160. Reverse trial
+ C2 j2 @+ S6 ] 161. Nonviolent harassment" `$ n( e' W8 n( q y
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Physical Intervention
$ M% e4 x' a q7 `9 s 162. Sit-in
. W6 \6 G F' g* ]7 _+ p 163. Stand-in7 W$ t- Y5 u* w. T3 G
164. Ride-in
5 E. H6 F, X7 Q5 ` b+ q 165. Wade-in D5 S& W: w& u J+ N
166. Mill-in$ v5 O- M) L9 J" E8 i! q/ P7 f
167. Pray-in; f& z* d$ ]' ^1 v9 y9 z
168. Nonviolent raids
2 n4 L1 p- j: E8 \9 q6 k 169. Nonviolent air raids* c E( \* @9 O; j" c# s
170. Nonviolent invasion
6 j' A _. _2 @* p; w) L; t 171. Nonviolent interjection- V2 }2 k3 Y# L: L# C
172. Nonviolent obstruction* U# C' S& _7 S/ s+ u
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention e2 q2 @! N' Y _! o0 f; D, I; q
174. Establishing new social patterns
! R- T1 E* Z2 r3 f! p8 W 175. Overloading of facilities$ H" C6 [6 J$ L
176. Stall-in
6 A4 ^8 {0 c# w! N! C 177. Speak-in2 d* P' @: x5 H" O k
178. Guerrilla theater
}' \, q. A, h 179. Alternative social institutions
: d7 `/ ~# Z7 d8 x7 R2 G# f 180. Alternative communication system3 d4 ~ J4 E# j2 S9 Y5 N0 Y6 i
. o" h3 J- ^& O6 h* f, v4 Q/ xEconomic Intervention
/ p- B# t! d( Z y 181. Reverse strike4 C/ e' N9 n9 V8 s/ }$ R! P
182. Stay-in strike: f8 g/ D4 E4 A
183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 `7 O1 W r9 |* k9 X 184. Defiance of blockades
: n' d* y3 ?# F: ^9 L2 s( p' g) H9 ] 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! [% X3 @: F) o) s7 z+ h- s1 F- c
186. Preclusive purchasing: D: d# c. V3 v) F& {
187. Seizure of assets
! O2 u. U8 }+ L2 D8 x 188. Dumping
3 i/ S/ k& ^$ t- i. { 189. Selective patronage g9 X( I5 s& v
190. Alternative markets! h3 {( L% e: B9 _' y
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 T |' v6 d, H; A! p 192. Alternative economic institutions7 y$ X$ C4 [/ {
! e/ R, z+ ~- N2 ^& l0 G, ZPolitical Intervention/ G- ]$ A H" r# D" J. k
193. Overloading of administrative systems
" V/ u( D/ i. |+ o( W 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
+ [7 I! Y- ^1 U. s2 U: D5 { 195. Seeking imprisonment
4 _/ x, z* H9 Y7 ~! ^8 E2 E 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' Y$ [+ l* l9 N; J
197. Work-on without collaboration9 x ?3 u. ]- M6 C
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* Y# v0 B( L6 _+ f; E) c/ O: i, v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
