 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* b( t* P5 O) _- b* O1 C# _ XFormal Statements0 k3 Y: f) y9 B; g! F& g" F
1. Public Speeches
3 | J0 E' Q" L: Q3 c+ M4 \. z 2. Letters of opposition or support0 H* k3 c# N( o/ S
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 D* [6 L9 Z# p) z0 W 4. Signed public statements4 j- z, o3 F% r u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 J6 }9 E4 l) K) N
6. Group or mass petitions# Y4 D/ }5 @/ |4 _
. G8 d% ~# ^( }" gCommunications with a Wider Audience
/ }$ c/ V( G7 e' O/ j: A 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 A9 x& ^+ c3 g& L" d
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ d- p+ T+ L# p. ] 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# _" F) q4 A- r0 w
10. Newspapers and journals
0 t* i3 g' a+ B4 E 11. Records, radio, and television
( f( n! ?; n3 P# T 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 y7 `/ ^$ Z) f
9 K5 x. P& b. A/ `5 t0 WGroup Representations' h9 k$ d; O; u+ i
13. Deputations
; c8 n6 x) M0 a# p% v) r3 d 14. Mock awards l2 [2 g6 R+ j7 n1 ?! `
15. Group lobbying( k& g. k6 h3 m
16. Picketing" z6 A1 l- C+ @3 B2 M* D' `- R. [1 {
17. Mock elections7 T f# I: b' }0 f
' c3 b Y' |) w- f8 b0 K1 ~Symbolic Public Acts
+ P( ?2 |4 s/ W7 P; o% [; p 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# ?5 `- \* ]# v) U1 R
19. Wearing of symbols
# {; @ x- k0 K9 x1 q+ i- j# {7 U" p. V 20. Prayer and worship6 ?' p0 c1 V9 N; T& q7 @) O
21. Delivering symbolic objects0 v: ` K6 `+ I7 n. z; H' f0 B
22. Protest disrobings/ v0 F5 w. r1 H( e8 a$ w4 w( x
23. Destruction of own property
' U2 t2 a! Y* k; |2 z) M, k5 m3 w s R 24. Symbolic lights; P* j3 i% ?# {# {$ @6 Q
25. Displays of portraits
2 ]' q; C1 [" T1 a 26. Paint as protest
1 @$ G* t& t! O k 27. New signs and names
2 d* Q! ` J* o/ ` 28. Symbolic sounds- [: j$ z5 s P) m7 W5 s) \! K7 e# A
29. Symbolic reclamations
( j5 I. }0 a0 V& L; ` 30. Rude gestures R0 P3 r9 ^" @8 O; K! u
8 M: t) N0 u- w% lPressures on Individuals7 D1 E3 k i( }* y+ H; F2 k
31. “Haunting” officials
/ o5 x9 w' I9 C, L0 o8 A* V 32. Taunting officials `: F% X. Q& l3 F
33. Fraternization
3 m9 D% `) p0 ^; e* V/ V 34. Vigils
q& [4 y& k1 r$ Z1 N9 j/ h
1 l) l0 j: O7 FDrama and Music1 E- z5 J0 V( w; y4 Y
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( i/ g- H _$ G# [ 36. Performances of plays and music% e0 M" D" ^, R& V+ c0 v3 f
37. Singing% T( Z5 n& d! C* ]/ F" L
+ d2 P3 z+ ?0 g1 R% \9 p/ bProcessions8 a& v7 E0 ]4 _. } Q5 I5 d
38. Marches
j; E, K4 M! ]; J 39. Parades# {, s* Q3 ]3 n0 S
40. Religious processions
& d4 \ a8 j; P3 D9 F& V 41. Pilgrimages
( N6 `" F- _, Q" t' I' ] 42. Motorcades
0 M ^! x5 v7 T& F6 f8 x
5 T3 [1 C: d0 t3 W, P/ @6 P$ GHonoring the Dead
4 v* b4 ~- j/ n+ L1 _$ P9 W 43. Political mourning4 p0 f) P, j2 T2 W# G; i
44. Mock funerals
6 x( k E& d9 M2 Z% k" Z9 F 45. Demonstrative funerals, W# Z* @" ?! }
46. Homage at burial places' A, p& J0 _7 L4 Z
; E8 a3 U# `- o* uPublic Assemblies" j- ]# b ?$ c. |2 m) F; ?
47. Assemblies of protest or support! u* m2 I1 d, S6 L/ `' {4 E' Q
48. Protest meetings5 h; q: D$ L! X2 Q' B
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ l( h9 B$ K9 t" l5 k
50. Teach-ins' f8 X2 O1 ~, n9 Q' A
& H( Z- l3 x0 v- Q# M4 { pWithdrawal and Renunciation
n) A9 P6 K0 X+ t& Z& o. l 51. Walk-outs
# f& k4 { S5 Y 52. Silence# x" n, q1 G7 s& |2 y; @
53. Renouncing honors
3 y$ F9 S' }8 W% G; P, l) R( I 54. Turning one’s back3 E7 S. z2 r4 n: P% L0 B
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1 L1 m! a' X+ S0 z7 i$ M
3 R: d+ U3 O& ]! Z8 c( STHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 {& @, W2 z7 v& m, A% E
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: |* M6 X5 a! r6 I OOstracism of Persons- Z) e1 @6 E+ U, L n, @
55. Social boycott; a8 y/ u$ X0 B
56. Selective social boycott
' j0 _7 h% e' L, B; s7 Q' ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 U" {0 ~9 W6 H2 y) [* k4 r( h
58. Excommunication
, {& _# ?+ B7 f$ m& I 59. Interdict
# ^$ r# U" q5 N( K& E: O W& f% M( ]- d- o+ B/ H4 L; V1 X5 V; a$ ]5 \
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 [! B' G* F4 @5 G1 e/ G m
60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 ~: D; `. x% ~! ~
61. Boycott of social affairs- O* I) |/ A: v8 x3 S
62. Student strike& Z/ b% @% {( r4 L& p0 K7 @
63. Social disobedience
, K$ ?9 {1 Z9 z( x" r 64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 s$ m2 h+ Q! `8 R( {7 a' C
: J. v: k' R/ t; f
Withdrawal from the Social System) C5 h9 Y/ W* S6 m. u9 a
65. Stay-at-home0 y6 d1 J1 V1 g0 d3 V# e
66. Total personal noncooperation( A$ ]1 `& O- K3 C' r& Q( X1 e1 s
67. “Flight” of workers
$ L1 o+ z6 S7 g6 h3 _ 68. Sanctuary* n% h( ^& ?) C+ J: }
69. Collective disappearance
6 a, s( L* H; _- G) R4 S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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2 I* h. L- @% y* y+ `8 L
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3 e% x7 i; }& W+ Y; o- y: C. UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& ?7 t" U; J( V( u' J
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4 P8 |6 a, z6 c& K. rActions by Consumers1 m& C3 h% e3 F0 _; V
71. Consumers’ boycott. M0 i# U! f" o4 g6 u
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 l! x: |3 A" K* d Y 73. Policy of austerity
8 u6 Z% Z" _( u H( U 74. Rent withholding0 @8 |( P% x8 F6 c# c2 G' j
75. Refusal to rent
# [6 u9 f( P L7 q 76. National consumers’ boycott
I- D. i/ P B 77. International consumers’ boycott
+ D% Q- ?; A* q- x! m
3 m) ^8 H" o7 y. Y* j eAction by Workers and Producers, j, \3 p. \% h' w
78. Workmen’s boycott& _, D( M2 u( F2 Q9 c
79. Producers’ boycott
1 t% z2 h B" O/ C7 h/ [! z4 ^; }
- P5 m$ F. w& }Action by Middlemen) a6 ?! l* g( B' u6 k' L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% j6 z# d3 N% f9 }2 v- u" T
1 N8 ^8 V2 x9 v. R$ vAction by Owners and Management
4 F% A- J4 n$ Z% `8 O 81. Traders’ boycott
$ h7 d" g+ f [' X/ O: D 82. Refusal to let or sell property' w$ k" W4 m8 j0 |8 O- q
83. Lockout P8 F9 X* H2 \# z7 j1 o. g# t2 {/ C! a
84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 B' _$ c5 x& }8 `, C
85. Merchants’ “general strike”' c6 N4 z- {% n$ [6 n" q
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources' `% {& P9 j1 _# v: X0 K+ I3 }+ S5 @" I
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ y$ M; Z% d6 ]( y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 F7 ? h4 v6 `1 u( t8 w# c
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: ?" d4 Z, l3 Z6 v& w# V 89. Severance of funds and credit8 A$ o) m6 z+ B
90. Revenue refusal
9 ]: z/ a% {+ D& b" ?; w1 K 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 u) z4 n2 f! t3 N4 Z; ^' A- @6 r& z
Action by Governments7 s2 j" b% `, M* t5 n8 L( O
92. Domestic embargo
% b2 }4 J- S3 B( @4 F5 _ 93. Blacklisting of traders$ L( R. D1 T8 ^+ J( B. Q
94. International sellers’ embargo
( i; U/ e" M3 H% n$ _ 95. International buyers’ embargo- F+ ^+ Y) V0 b2 P C) m' ^" y8 g
96. International trade embargo: h F) [- r; w# x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) n( A6 j6 s: `- q: T5 P5 f& O$ l
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4 A) L! k: W; u4 X4 o7 B2 C% I9 S
Symbolic Strikes
; Z! ^2 O6 l2 S* N \& j% j; h) A 97. Protest strike/ [8 b! y5 Z5 b
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
^; x. i2 v+ N6 [. V1 R! r- q) v6 x4 i* Y1 ?0 u" u& l- U
Agricultural Strikes& @! @- ^; B! |1 f- a/ M) J
99. Peasant strike
8 Y/ R a+ B& T, H# |2 k 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 w! b: q4 x) e; I4 R$ C/ y
0 z# Y* l% z7 y+ l' h! D2 ?9 G' u0 TStrikes by Special Groups
/ ^# X& D2 W$ K$ A/ J6 q& ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
& [7 k" D+ \; D1 @) Z 102. Prisoners’ strike
5 \8 E/ W& U/ W" U- E 103. Craft strike* Z3 P1 d5 o, T/ Q! W. Y/ m- O9 T
104. Professional strike. H/ r4 i, {+ e( ?& t
7 _( r5 ~; T4 h- TOrdinary Industrial Strikes
. [: W$ r0 Y2 J6 F 105. Establishment strike: k( ?0 r8 \% z* i, K" E
106. Industry strike9 b) ?9 T9 T6 X6 E& y% _+ f
107. Sympathetic strike! E0 Z) J( C- e+ i+ z
% [1 Y) ^# t! @
Restricted Strikes' S5 v, R* m3 M2 u$ X6 }
108. Detailed strike
0 p% W4 }- K; q. B1 q2 T 109. Bumper strike! X# c' f5 Y; _. f3 @
110. Slowdown strike6 B8 Q( ]+ V9 W, r1 b/ }* r
111. Working-to-rule strike
) z# `6 @" T- C& ?; D2 Z/ u 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, o) M' N$ V; [$ |/ P 113. Strike by resignation
) T4 {* u3 R. g$ I" Y, V$ w/ O 114. Limited strike
; _$ Q- d3 f0 O8 I8 g8 R6 k$ F 115. Selective strike. k+ Z1 M; a& r" a1 m0 z9 M& \1 ~3 i
. i3 F2 ~" R. R( M8 p/ ?Multi-Industry Strikes; v% J* e8 C& p6 ^! z0 v
+ S$ K1 S0 i" b9 X3 m
116. Generalized strike1 n! j+ J" v+ i% ]5 B/ B
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117. General strike
6 p4 I& c9 w7 E# l0 g& C+ m; p2 b1 Y* f
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 T, B" x; u% x4 t
- H+ ?3 ] l5 h g6 h" m8 o$ a 118. Hartal( Y. I) d( H: v [4 a9 t6 O B& ^
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 |8 _# U; t' e4 w5 N# f
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Rejection of Authority# I. f4 ~: J9 G% { \- j- E/ f3 M
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- P& I. K- w1 |: |( f! L% q 121. Refusal of public support W$ r3 }% `( I! s
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, Q& [4 Q) G$ F" n2 Q
9 z! @; q# H! E# I/ }Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: ]% p/ h Z& k 123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 X7 @9 E t. k
124. Boycott of elections$ Z- E- W$ G/ g1 M0 K# C
125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 [3 C1 H% D# S8 P
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ P/ @) ~+ t. \5 \: F
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' u; S, C$ T w1 g, K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. ^) F" ^7 u2 U5 ?, A7 z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 Z) H- S+ [3 R1 o1 Y7 ^! [
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# I- U) T" h' K" C* x7 B d. A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 L! ^+ h: e% z1 @4 R8 z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 N& u. y L3 l4 B2 w
W ]7 l+ F* {) mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 P+ ?9 ~& w: z. M; M
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 t9 {# u2 F1 r) Y& N 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 B5 |3 \: G& }- f7 v# |: m$ z 135. Popular nonobedience
2 S' n1 z8 B. b, a8 | 136. Disguised disobedience( b! {' M- Y) z' Z+ X) A A
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 x1 Z! K; `) ~, r: n" E8 _& l4 ~7 v
138. Sitdown
6 X: x' y! g, F 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% c! j& R3 z7 X
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* B6 }$ H' L5 G4 A2 B
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% D7 |. |* e$ [4 i# ]+ x7 ` o% @% v( X. [6 D
Action by Government Personnel |6 R% @7 F/ z- g2 @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ N$ Q, }( z8 b, m, k2 b
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; c b! S3 t6 r A
144. Stalling and obstruction
2 \9 x; A x4 l' r5 m7 P 145. General administrative noncooperation0 X# ^4 K5 `/ g/ f
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146. Judicial noncooperation
# y3 I: ~2 e! I3 x/ L 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 o) V, K+ r5 T9 _) ?! w! { 148. Mutiny
) A! z6 @5 j" O' m( X% f% BDomestic Governmental Action# K" x7 S/ G& i9 R7 R* A: L
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) S! F% ?0 a7 v0 ~
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
d; [8 H; @, I: A" J. `+ u
! H/ ]4 r; j' E- p2 J C' gInternational Governmental Action; ^) {$ o4 D9 Y& ], W2 K( C; ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 L8 O- a9 a0 r7 {6 c3 o
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: Q# x( o& S& r3 n, P
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition ? V" m J3 E! {- H5 J! I1 t6 c
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* t7 W( q6 Q5 q2 w& e 155. Withdrawal from international organizations) S2 G* T" @7 c& z1 r2 k' o
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! G6 n! ^) Y0 J' j- L 157. Expulsion from international organizations$ C+ Y1 i9 a. a9 J! f
6 d9 ?" L0 w5 U' q * p. D; o5 B( D2 v' s
$ M) ^2 P$ U5 c, e0 RTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ G( o& Z7 A4 Q- L
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+ \" \4 a1 A0 n/ X8 {) E4 zPsychological Intervention: K( S2 S; ^8 c
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 F7 e7 [; n7 Z3 g& d- o! ?% R 159. The fast. [# X# E, x' h& }
a) Fast of moral pressure1 K' r2 I4 h! h8 v' Y7 r1 B
b) Hunger strike
6 X* b8 ^& F) j c) Satyagrahic fast
" d# Q4 e; b. A. m# L: U9 q 160. Reverse trial
# [& w$ Z, r8 r5 d X 161. Nonviolent harassment
, Q: y9 }7 y9 k+ ~# z4 C9 e3 t0 @! J* |1 r
Physical Intervention9 Q; u6 _' A$ p. Q" ?! N
162. Sit-in
8 @/ q6 y* D7 H6 P 163. Stand-in( d4 F: `7 X: I- \6 c- [( o8 g
164. Ride-in
# L: a7 v6 {) b6 Z 165. Wade-in" J9 v8 C/ C) l6 j/ s+ Y e! U
166. Mill-in' d6 e" k$ x' x* ~+ G4 u
167. Pray-in6 P; L8 W! W( _6 G' X4 E7 O
168. Nonviolent raids
' F8 W# s9 f6 c$ N" b 169. Nonviolent air raids
\6 e. C5 R6 X/ t/ p 170. Nonviolent invasion+ |7 G) [8 Q: b' u+ k
171. Nonviolent interjection
7 ~7 D; o# ^4 L( K+ n 172. Nonviolent obstruction. [7 y9 o ~) v
173. Nonviolent occupation! _7 J$ t; h' i. s2 I. b
8 @$ a9 f( c! m4 WSocial Intervention
) {1 f8 W5 D$ Z6 W j# a ?* [. { 174. Establishing new social patterns
) F+ `9 w4 E! x: v 175. Overloading of facilities
0 t& y' x2 H5 J 176. Stall-in
0 S! C7 S8 {; @4 w1 q 177. Speak-in8 r+ l) O( G; I9 z; k y
178. Guerrilla theater
; }+ L# P+ a, j! G 179. Alternative social institutions0 [2 r6 v( F7 Q2 l( d9 v" u
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
7 e+ ?7 m! q; K& W 181. Reverse strike. Y% ]0 v5 D5 F- H: e* N
182. Stay-in strike- \- q& T& Q; l& ^5 F u' e% q' j
183. Nonviolent land seizure3 l& [& H; L G2 r8 W& i
184. Defiance of blockades
& H m, S" _7 r0 n% O6 d) W4 I 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 M1 x* M1 |, w. ?/ t0 J9 Y( B
186. Preclusive purchasing& J/ h R, [0 R: Q# m1 f$ b' h
187. Seizure of assets' p5 R* T) Y' @7 K" ]
188. Dumping
2 `. ^5 }% w% O* F 189. Selective patronage
, Q1 k0 I* h) r( v+ X+ _ 190. Alternative markets
' c% z6 Q& h/ _) g2 B! x1 ` 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 b4 U6 B+ Y1 b4 B 192. Alternative economic institutions/ _- h9 Q/ L: R% C( V7 B
* X+ Z" y# a6 {8 E! M6 z
Political Intervention3 A2 q: t* J& c0 u; V
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 y! I8 J7 z( S% H 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- s3 L, ?9 t$ i3 h 195. Seeking imprisonment
6 i% x7 V5 A2 m, f/ h# M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' Z+ M/ x3 [% V' _& N; ^* z/ b6 u% j 197. Work-on without collaboration
; e& z' Z4 {- U$ [ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
