 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% ~5 e. p$ r9 r2 XFormal Statements- Q& V4 P9 G9 ]# e! j
1. Public Speeches) R# b( o4 ~7 h8 F/ |
2. Letters of opposition or support) ?6 [7 ~. u, }/ j' j2 k8 q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- b" _+ L, U' g1 ?+ H
4. Signed public statements. T* n0 i+ a# t
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ [* d$ U4 q" r! [4 i* b 6. Group or mass petitions
% N K8 F" l8 |
+ n- @( s, ?7 K* s1 yCommunications with a Wider Audience' V% k4 ~, d- Z
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 h8 V5 k" L H( O! b2 M" { 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. T+ e1 j& @5 w( P 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 x0 F% N5 \! v7 J
10. Newspapers and journals
! ]9 I, m! [& n+ z 11. Records, radio, and television
% v/ E4 s6 Y' Y' {% ~( u3 m 12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 {! d/ b/ x R! d2 X6 s; K6 Z
5 ^* S8 D7 ~ @6 eGroup Representations/ Y& O% g- D) }7 p; K! c0 X8 c
13. Deputations
3 l! @$ t/ {, G h& p" r) f5 `, ~3 y" L 14. Mock awards
9 ?! p& b- ~) d& m ] Y/ b 15. Group lobbying# V4 a* F$ x$ h; L' l+ P
16. Picketing5 |, @" s4 u0 w s- ^& U( T
17. Mock elections2 r% ]8 |! Q4 {! r0 f& t' @; Y
0 S" R4 i+ S; \! Y9 O5 iSymbolic Public Acts+ K9 s5 c# V; t: q- A& ]
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ z& {$ Q: t, r2 J 19. Wearing of symbols% N: S# i$ c9 ?( R
20. Prayer and worship8 S+ r* o; U% s' E$ m
21. Delivering symbolic objects8 s% [* g6 y- f% G1 u
22. Protest disrobings
2 N4 y5 C* a: v% S% R9 V: A- Z( H# x3 a 23. Destruction of own property
" m* T# R; P/ l, i8 a 24. Symbolic lights
' M3 |# ~! \' ~, ^7 J3 D6 e! H 25. Displays of portraits
: @: c# l# t0 ~/ h' ~ 26. Paint as protest
% @% @2 C6 f5 ^; B) t7 B- w 27. New signs and names2 W1 d' T# v# N( \# R- L( R1 I2 ]
28. Symbolic sounds7 L/ R0 T6 K' k; T$ ~; S6 L
29. Symbolic reclamations: Q* b! q% b$ `: M$ M' x
30. Rude gestures
$ R s, u( U0 D# c1 _& B Y! i l( g2 j
Pressures on Individuals: C3 ^$ Q, Z9 o2 t" N
31. “Haunting” officials
1 M7 Q5 ]2 Z3 I6 ~, s/ ` 32. Taunting officials' h. r. Z( L. [, O
33. Fraternization a; ]6 W+ J% a$ H
34. Vigils1 g) g1 f% M- f( q7 N: ~2 h0 c" W2 I' k
! |, o; L5 r1 A' HDrama and Music
7 l7 W m* L& X3 ]: p1 \3 K+ Y 35. Humorous skits and pranks- w8 V2 r3 H' u6 X S8 U
36. Performances of plays and music0 i/ `5 | {" l# Q! o! {1 S
37. Singing/ W- \/ n$ G2 {* w# N8 z! A
5 ~3 C9 [, Y! T( }' RProcessions, J& m! ~+ ^$ a" q8 G3 k, H2 f
38. Marches
4 h* K( x/ a* J7 d# j 39. Parades1 ~, @ E% t/ }* M8 _
40. Religious processions6 n1 x& w% O+ L8 N* w0 s
41. Pilgrimages) T5 _' A7 ]. x$ R$ t+ d3 w
42. Motorcades V! j3 \& J% R! u- l- J
- T' _7 ^* U' E, _+ v$ PHonoring the Dead
: x' C+ f* x' M4 h0 v 43. Political mourning
% Q; S2 Y4 M0 E: ~: c$ A+ A1 ]2 @ 44. Mock funerals
6 g6 E! |. O: N 45. Demonstrative funerals
7 U+ `( T/ X& }) t2 v; e 46. Homage at burial places
3 ?; S+ X9 @2 B4 k* v6 j [( I, {+ X) ] ]4 W
Public Assemblies
0 D0 ^7 S; U- x* o0 P 47. Assemblies of protest or support) I) F9 u& g* _. \
48. Protest meetings
. B& w* e3 g: w' ~- a& I4 [! z) o3 \ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 V0 Y6 n7 z% Z/ x6 F. R. g
50. Teach-ins' ]4 t3 ?7 Q& F* ^$ W8 C# J
: l5 }* r( l( A+ gWithdrawal and Renunciation4 G) W$ Q% r0 t% D3 a( ^2 r. M+ ]
51. Walk-outs/ S# R3 N- d% x4 D
52. Silence9 b% w% B3 P5 r( U8 E
53. Renouncing honors6 K. ]' N: M6 q& k7 C5 W! f
54. Turning one’s back
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9 L9 J" x4 m8 n6 t1 F* B7 G2 c% Z# T
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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9 J( d. j. p) L% Z$ e
Ostracism of Persons! j" o# m3 ]; `
55. Social boycott$ I3 f! y/ Y! f
56. Selective social boycott
9 d R# z8 w6 i7 Z* [5 }# \ 57. Lysistratic nonaction) B% g! j( e5 M2 T7 b- B3 L$ u' j/ y
58. Excommunication
. |5 F1 `4 u) a0 t w 59. Interdict
0 r6 Y: J+ ^- P8 S. |# l+ L5 a9 [6 q) Z% i
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, u/ @. @. I# K# e& L' C! ?$ Y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' y: Q8 @: D1 c% Y- z5 s 61. Boycott of social affairs' M Z4 S) Q6 {' P& _
62. Student strike
4 E/ {# |9 j |" H2 o' y 63. Social disobedience% L5 V* K$ t/ T; b% z% M. E/ m9 y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions. T O h4 `+ P" k7 Y% P
! P0 H1 ?* q* L( s6 {. _Withdrawal from the Social System3 h/ n* h* O$ _; ^# s5 T6 ^
65. Stay-at-home
' y M9 j& b" }* P5 U5 j 66. Total personal noncooperation
# P: N, Z3 Q5 s# {1 b5 A( p 67. “Flight” of workers, @/ Z+ n, o* Q1 ~) V) G: a/ G
68. Sanctuary
6 R3 ]4 G8 K- S4 I% g 69. Collective disappearance) F2 b2 ]+ F- _: O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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5 o, F2 `8 C- h, N2 ~# ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
% A% e0 ]' }4 `# l% K, N7 Z. E2 \, U4 y0 |6 l2 q
. P m# e+ A3 r' H2 R4 JActions by Consumers& C0 M7 W# m# ^: E/ b# Y
71. Consumers’ boycott
+ v$ Y# {& _8 A 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) j. W2 L, ?* y! U 73. Policy of austerity
1 `7 Z+ O1 d* A 74. Rent withholding
5 j) s: m, d9 v8 Y+ f+ J! Z 75. Refusal to rent" t! y) y( I% }* _, Z- \
76. National consumers’ boycott
% e0 k6 [1 b4 Y5 ]" b 77. International consumers’ boycott: d) k# p6 c1 O4 y. ^
P ^6 o1 {' SAction by Workers and Producers
0 n9 v2 ], ?. Z" y6 s- ?8 W+ Y- ] 78. Workmen’s boycott* ]" y; u7 }$ q5 b9 ^7 b! k. ^( ~
79. Producers’ boycott
' O# ?+ _9 I: G- L N! `6 y; r/ U) k& i% G. W; i
Action by Middlemen- O a+ d" |! x
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ m+ p% O; D5 ^9 W: _
. n2 H ^6 k% S7 g& U. {+ a
Action by Owners and Management" J* o" s, e( R- U2 l& `
81. Traders’ boycott
" h0 Z l4 _! u! s 82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 k! f# h P% J. N: m6 i 83. Lockout
Q" f4 o( E. B( H2 W4 @ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance* ?& Z; S a# }6 p1 k0 F7 {3 y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 _3 a, N: I( z4 z$ f8 w: n' a" ~6 {# D: a4 y' @/ Z$ H; v
Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 K& } g7 O' H2 z% D
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" \4 }6 ` \( L4 s/ ?, [+ e" A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 x* f/ x+ M% r. M* ]4 l. l
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 u# v2 s5 {: ?) i; ^1 h0 s0 ~" C; c$ y/ l 89. Severance of funds and credit
6 u+ P/ u( k, P$ ]8 A8 E 90. Revenue refusal
, F% g- `8 F! S! g! B! I 91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 [8 w% s' B/ b2 j; N% [; F
' P% r* f. S3 t) u% {9 X7 h5 jAction by Governments% T2 n h' N1 Q- K/ k
92. Domestic embargo
, p2 B& b g* p) Y 93. Blacklisting of traders7 p3 D, l3 w) x3 Y1 o
94. International sellers’ embargo
. E; X5 T! m4 R5 P K 95. International buyers’ embargo
4 B6 a4 c# ~. B 96. International trade embargo
6 |1 S5 z- M9 `$ V4 ~2 I
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
0 I7 L! k" D# |9 d8 Y/ D6 |2 z3 e% H/ L% l2 f$ V
1 O) n5 E6 Y+ j2 L- h; ]Symbolic Strikes
; O# W2 o& ]5 G& z3 P7 j 97. Protest strike
2 |+ d% `' `4 P) P 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# ?) G) @! a2 q. g. G0 b( \
* U. h, S, k. C9 k1 s/ s( m7 o) d
Agricultural Strikes: I0 Y( [1 K/ Y3 }
99. Peasant strike
* b' k9 S# y! m' a$ f) X6 |6 _ 100. Farm Workers’ strike5 m1 h' k3 c1 Z# [. z* |0 D
; U0 ]) z m9 u6 M3 w; dStrikes by Special Groups
1 F2 X) T8 x! s" ]% L* z0 G# U& {5 f 101. Refusal of impressed labor& j' I) U2 e3 w' M# w" n5 B( d, {& W
102. Prisoners’ strike( s' }$ K; X# z e8 w
103. Craft strike9 }- ~- I& ?: F/ b8 h
104. Professional strike
4 B% L' |8 i4 N) q+ t( _% C2 b
* |3 b" V. B6 OOrdinary Industrial Strikes! O1 j9 _8 l- d; q( k" ^
105. Establishment strike* Q. b8 } |! d6 N( r, y+ ^9 s
106. Industry strike
h' u0 _0 A9 _8 q8 T 107. Sympathetic strike
+ E( ?; u" }; _# d6 Q* d; J& N9 h& f, }- G$ p+ I' V9 L
Restricted Strikes
4 F! s( d0 L. p8 K$ Q5 h# I 108. Detailed strike+ B1 Q' g" x# l z0 d9 |3 U1 C
109. Bumper strike0 J/ e9 E# h! _7 v
110. Slowdown strike( ^, t1 n A, U% R
111. Working-to-rule strike' ]9 F- |% M9 E7 L
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 @% X0 w. l5 Q( S$ u2 S g' I 113. Strike by resignation2 @. V( q! M5 a& X& {; f
114. Limited strike7 k- K% i2 f/ _0 s! r5 I# ]
115. Selective strike0 l7 V T0 Q! `
/ ]8 x8 j( S' ?& x9 z6 R" f+ FMulti-Industry Strikes
" [! `5 n/ ^) X% {* t. Q8 A. w. S! Q) P% M0 L
116. Generalized strike8 X- B5 ]5 P+ `9 |& U8 C- Q
0 B2 J0 { r# o2 M0 K( @: Y" B% h
117. General strike; C0 s! O. D# `- h
( D' |* c: J. s1 u7 d! C
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ H7 F3 w2 l- t, y) i# ?2 E
; u. R5 P; ?& ?
118. Hartal
$ `9 P$ ]! V; j) j& l3 D L, N$ Z, D- l' `; P( Q7 |0 a5 Z
119. Economic shutdown1 h: c$ J5 K/ U, N$ |$ w
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8 O6 s" [' e; f
9 q: n/ {9 h' ~5 r5 r0 o# e
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( B% s- i8 g- y7 ]( c, Z/ c
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9 G7 T+ @3 q) d9 z/ h9 mRejection of Authority
/ ?3 r; k# s6 N2 Y8 s 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 z% H5 D5 U3 C) u, q9 }! p
121. Refusal of public support
! e; t" Q! L- p 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* d- F. z% a( C z$ b. s) v( |7 v7 k/ l* z" G
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ ]- V9 C; A0 } 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% _( ?( Z( I/ B6 A# Y0 T. U+ K
124. Boycott of elections! m$ |/ v, v5 F3 F
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' f9 f0 | s# ?" q9 l" \ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
2 U- @, Z Q' o5 m. }! i0 H 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 }% ^) G+ { j+ b4 R( w
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
j( d7 C3 ~( @" C! d 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) a1 Q7 C" E' W0 c+ v _ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ P* s5 m o1 k& R0 u( K; Y/ [ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* S5 R) O2 J3 t# b9 Y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 k0 D0 x7 ]; E1 }4 [
: Q9 W q/ `% k3 N9 A4 DCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 U- d. }( W0 A& r# r$ T/ F
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 P9 P! y1 ?2 f* _3 j 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) }; ]3 i7 h6 C2 p
135. Popular nonobedience1 X( f- x& ^5 \/ y5 M
136. Disguised disobedience
% o$ ^- w& W' h 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' A& K) u7 D: R+ Q
138. Sitdown% p0 Z8 @' |7 B% y3 B9 q) n
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" V3 x' ^6 o8 N: X) M& g
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 e- z9 Y! z$ o 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; h0 D# O% Y- }+ A
3 P: B* b9 }2 o( i, X* MAction by Government Personnel
, @2 o% p; z5 `% X2 w$ f { 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: w0 g& t* ^! q. M/ u9 S# m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. q. j: U" N" I 144. Stalling and obstruction; X- u7 F" w$ \* }6 B
145. General administrative noncooperation
/ @4 S9 ?* V% T9 h( x1 K3 }/ @7 {& _5 i- U% X% S
146. Judicial noncooperation" S5 @ p# [" c" ~. Y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% o. }. j' @2 ?2 H& m2 y" T* E
148. Mutiny
6 _8 S( g" Q6 w: e1 ?8 ~: g1 uDomestic Governmental Action1 d+ {, S! ?9 Y5 n
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ H! z- ]9 O5 K; [/ D
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. i3 j8 t1 K7 ^
8 r% r. c) m0 C3 W1 q7 \International Governmental Action
& @2 I/ W+ W4 v+ N4 K8 ^4 q; ` 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! I, Z, l! P( R$ K- g$ {8 b
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events k# @% [9 e& ^3 t
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 @" a, ~5 C6 w0 { G 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% K1 e9 M5 K5 k5 k/ A6 D" }; ^ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 C1 f8 c) S6 c2 y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* C/ D+ T5 f1 ?/ z# } 157. Expulsion from international organizations6 e$ {: D/ R* p- C
) {% e( @) u& G2 e! `. D
9 G. S0 ] j ~7 u6 j, L$ Z. w7 ?$ v6 Z) k. y, ?
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 B+ h$ y9 X+ j5 N
3 H" J- M& L2 H* F& Y2 W: i
8 ?% S7 Z2 z( O/ xPsychological Intervention l. V" f3 z3 m! n
158. Self-exposure to the elements( A- w, ]# k) Z
159. The fast
' o1 g# J! M7 U1 _# p+ v0 U6 o0 w a) Fast of moral pressure5 B! G- @0 \1 i
b) Hunger strike
6 U3 B D' \+ P' L c) Satyagrahic fast! E2 J3 Z" k8 c5 ^
160. Reverse trial
9 n I7 h6 `1 m6 I! u+ [- q 161. Nonviolent harassment) b) l9 [; R) t3 I5 G. _
' M" w, ?3 Q+ Y1 L) X c% W
Physical Intervention
) X) t0 Q9 N% C% @! R 162. Sit-in
7 G$ Z0 j# G8 R1 x 163. Stand-in) A% q0 V/ Q+ x% Z
164. Ride-in, B, Q. a3 x" s" f+ Z& j+ w9 _
165. Wade-in! z2 u- Z" ]3 ^1 a6 g0 j
166. Mill-in
2 S- L b- @1 b c+ K6 X 167. Pray-in5 W$ k4 ]* l1 j% P7 O+ j( W
168. Nonviolent raids/ q' d- |& M/ ]2 b3 o
169. Nonviolent air raids& b/ |. k) ~) }' }: M. A
170. Nonviolent invasion
* w4 o! g- @' Q/ c 171. Nonviolent interjection
( |9 o3 n. u& Z, \% L 172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 u N+ e. }. O/ T- c4 M 173. Nonviolent occupation2 F% k- k% M/ P8 e* J
- E' E2 B8 n, s: E- M9 Q+ @Social Intervention; U+ I6 A4 A E
174. Establishing new social patterns, e8 z9 E3 T9 F" G
175. Overloading of facilities5 m9 }4 \ ]: \( f+ O
176. Stall-in
3 \$ P3 q6 ^+ ^/ n3 z2 ] 177. Speak-in1 [9 ~+ w8 f* h) V5 f
178. Guerrilla theater
1 H, h# m7 c* Z* ~4 x 179. Alternative social institutions5 X: E$ k L. o& p! y$ l3 a
180. Alternative communication system
' V0 f' l$ G& Q0 r8 D# a3 ~4 M! M6 `, I/ w, P( P# t: l
Economic Intervention
# x2 f1 i; k- `8 v6 P+ s. X 181. Reverse strike" n7 `% c- v$ x, }/ m- g3 L4 d
182. Stay-in strike, X+ [% `9 Q9 Q
183. Nonviolent land seizure
* u' t+ `/ h1 ] 184. Defiance of blockades
9 i+ t# }4 d. m; m3 k$ w. k, _; `1 T 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; o" V$ O4 o7 E; L W A 186. Preclusive purchasing
# a1 @2 H9 k8 i1 V3 x3 P 187. Seizure of assets$ i# N# @; k, Z( S
188. Dumping$ ^4 R, H# K) S0 x9 V- s3 t
189. Selective patronage$ k( `/ ?7 g9 @
190. Alternative markets
( _, p# y0 K" C5 i) F# C* h 191. Alternative transportation systems
7 c ]; S( {# N 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 e; z% p) l$ h: O* |: A3 ^( u
+ h8 ]/ }' V* P `9 uPolitical Intervention
7 A c, W2 C# L8 p 193. Overloading of administrative systems6 g3 w! P; K1 K5 z& K# Y( w
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* {1 N5 Z X4 [
195. Seeking imprisonment7 W: w. D) H) @& a
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ A: A. M; [% H- Q* X
197. Work-on without collaboration7 h: T( ^0 ?: z3 W
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 W& ?- |$ c. p
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
