 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; B4 V5 C( {& p7 P* x
Formal Statements
) t5 D. N5 J: q' O. @ 1. Public Speeches
: t3 j/ w8 U- j& X 2. Letters of opposition or support8 a4 n+ P5 `9 h
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 O4 D$ Z$ M) w
4. Signed public statements' q0 T2 m7 f) [( ]1 N
5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 k/ E. F0 n0 C0 Z/ X a4 a
6. Group or mass petitions
6 S! X3 y! K+ P6 \: m. E) S+ s) I7 n6 y) Q' w$ e
Communications with a Wider Audience
( Q L( i! f8 i5 l' I" q: v5 f% b2 O 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. U5 V% j; W: a% ~' a
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. a7 Y8 a/ H$ V) J
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! h) M( [' y# ?+ [
10. Newspapers and journals" t Y0 [' K8 q, [. r
11. Records, radio, and television
6 ]2 }' u9 b. ? 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 w* U; {, y8 O/ Z! T3 {: l
7 j$ z/ ?- Y8 v3 U) bGroup Representations" c7 K9 z: S; V
13. Deputations$ j- s3 t( n+ u/ m U5 B3 M
14. Mock awards m) \- ^8 E' I. q( H
15. Group lobbying+ t( |$ }) G7 F6 @$ H3 c8 n
16. Picketing- A, a1 L# D- L/ u* V! d: n
17. Mock elections! l5 W3 c3 X- X$ Q8 X; V
2 H, r! [( Q; ]8 w+ u8 a( vSymbolic Public Acts* i4 n, z3 Y8 q) J; M
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' {; o# u3 T8 H2 R2 T* o9 R
19. Wearing of symbols( M" i: Y0 Q x* s
20. Prayer and worship2 I$ X' {" J3 v
21. Delivering symbolic objects( o9 u1 D% |) _: O- s. z* m# }
22. Protest disrobings l& l3 R9 w: P; O% N- B. O
23. Destruction of own property
: k: D' Y- s- Q3 T% X2 f, O 24. Symbolic lights" y; d- P+ h# d$ e a0 ]% D
25. Displays of portraits
7 p9 |# ]& G% T. F 26. Paint as protest
0 \5 \9 c/ ]9 p; _ 27. New signs and names' M5 o# k0 E6 m7 A# ?% s
28. Symbolic sounds2 V+ E& e B9 ~' Q3 o
29. Symbolic reclamations
t$ r& Y* ~* k% Y( G 30. Rude gestures% z3 P& l' h3 k2 | N4 @1 B, Y
0 Z+ G. q* o! O4 O2 a: P( p9 J
Pressures on Individuals% j& r7 O' X1 T, U) p2 p
31. “Haunting” officials
' C" Y1 |# ~% q( i( g9 j8 ~ 32. Taunting officials
/ D: ~/ e3 K* p- L/ O7 a 33. Fraternization
: L9 x! o+ L( C; b7 Y+ H& I 34. Vigils, H1 `+ O$ O$ W. H8 f
2 M0 u: p5 Y( x k, G- }7 w" }
Drama and Music
6 c7 Y9 o* N5 e& a0 {5 P 35. Humorous skits and pranks
: J, Q; y! E. C6 s* } 36. Performances of plays and music
# _9 C9 v9 g1 y2 G/ | 37. Singing
6 H1 h: w7 p/ w; v0 T) v6 O' Q) @& x. Z% @+ m& r+ f
Processions
3 _8 p' N+ V; ~4 [# ]4 I 38. Marches
/ a# M. w% A+ s* b 39. Parades. Q' k) j, _% S8 J. ]8 T
40. Religious processions
6 f# c2 L) ]# X8 Z 41. Pilgrimages
" E' U$ a4 d$ ~, s4 R: u 42. Motorcades
/ {% ` [2 B+ c0 a1 y J1 g
: b% }! t/ Z) fHonoring the Dead% s& ~; h+ ~1 g k0 S
43. Political mourning6 T" G3 O0 Y0 u
44. Mock funerals
! W& I/ I$ j' h" \2 C9 ]' c _0 W 45. Demonstrative funerals! u) p" Z: {. _7 {, w/ p/ g3 P
46. Homage at burial places
4 v0 M& M$ {( y) h$ B5 q$ t
" @! S. k& L- D$ ?$ XPublic Assemblies# p9 Q! C }3 ]
47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 i K2 ^4 v4 H 48. Protest meetings, N, t; J3 @9 C+ W5 H# }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% N4 G9 [. F6 I* K- D 50. Teach-ins. @# K* T( a% c
: \# S! F* [" m8 A _4 e4 iWithdrawal and Renunciation
Y7 C. [2 g2 ]6 {, v4 ]$ b 51. Walk-outs
! K* d8 ~- X. m7 \" D1 | 52. Silence
: b+ k" W# K& v 53. Renouncing honors
, v& _4 L3 z b& J5 E4 _ 54. Turning one’s back
' n, h1 ]3 A2 d% Q8 ]1 q7 C8 w4 X9 B
8 F w+ \ x) f2 _" \% J* t# \
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* p# a; h" J. l& y& v/ o
% S9 H5 M1 U' G9 h& t 2 [6 U, A- g F3 s3 P# h4 R2 }: x P
3 Y& N% M+ U3 ]
Ostracism of Persons
, m# I& X! ^; E 55. Social boycott
7 e) I" H0 t5 P$ s 56. Selective social boycott9 B; p& a: `- k* A6 m& j) ^& \& H0 m
57. Lysistratic nonaction I1 D* x! ] g0 ^/ e
58. Excommunication& D/ v6 ~0 ]+ a8 g" O. _- Q
59. Interdict
. s' y6 y4 t& c4 H
' i7 @% g9 Q6 X5 ^Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% d F* k8 `" k1 c
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ w$ h3 w5 A6 V9 K* P( P 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 }- H7 u; `* H 62. Student strike7 m4 {' ?1 @+ u6 ^5 J) d/ y+ W
63. Social disobedience
+ ?2 N2 Z4 R1 E; J- u$ f9 c0 B 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
L& P; ?; |& v) h" I8 B9 x' m0 m
1 ] [: P* d6 Y3 k. k t* BWithdrawal from the Social System* O" z* D% G# V- V& }/ I$ q
65. Stay-at-home
2 C) a! a" x- N' _4 M2 b' t+ X 66. Total personal noncooperation4 H+ c- E2 W9 ^2 z* O9 G. j* P2 ~
67. “Flight” of workers: `2 E% f* \- w
68. Sanctuary
+ D/ O5 A v+ `: ~( h/ {# \ 69. Collective disappearance: ]4 d4 F1 r4 ]2 Q- }3 u+ W
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 w1 ~) Z. x+ b
# }& B( Z/ D) E- M. O" X3 U- i
. G8 h# }! e; s/ b
3 r, D% C( e' l$ _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: x5 C) J* h5 R+ k
$ X5 T7 l7 ^( `1 y) ^# _( z 0 M6 e/ w6 E ~
Actions by Consumers* x: N5 D6 a$ |7 |* V
71. Consumers’ boycott
8 I. ]- Q8 v! {0 G3 o! D7 S% R$ s 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 {* Q7 \2 T' h
73. Policy of austerity
) S8 ?/ ^. V. k9 E& Z 74. Rent withholding% N. c' B6 k4 `7 b/ X& Z7 }
75. Refusal to rent" `2 x0 @) Y, |2 m
76. National consumers’ boycott4 Y$ n6 o3 [* ]' N
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 a) f9 n6 E+ w
: {7 U8 W6 w7 L7 |7 k" o6 aAction by Workers and Producers
! h+ A" t* X% D7 E; Y w 78. Workmen’s boycott5 e2 ^' P( E8 q1 z9 ]7 [
79. Producers’ boycott" ~8 Y+ E2 V1 f. q2 g
; E" `9 ~. z5 ]" U8 @. R, X: A
Action by Middlemen! \$ w6 D/ r/ @8 D
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 G! X) D! P/ a
( m8 @9 n( ~& M4 U+ kAction by Owners and Management: `- x" ` M$ e% S# Q; p7 a
81. Traders’ boycott1 t4 n6 p4 S" [+ k. o. S
82. Refusal to let or sell property5 J" o; \) i; F- Y( H5 b K8 U9 o
83. Lockout
9 G4 ^/ m3 n( s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 W5 o3 ?7 C% q$ H: S$ z% T 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ _5 |2 o; U0 B% V2 W7 j* g" D- n+ O9 f8 R- l' ?
Action by Holders of Financial Resources- G) C2 r7 c+ l* {, h2 g
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ V( J! |' y+ p+ x* Q4 P% [; H0 R- I) [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* ~7 {2 N, w) M/ y' \" V6 W
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 c, j/ U1 N0 C9 t! D4 q
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 [; g+ r K, G0 b6 |) y/ q 90. Revenue refusal
( J4 Z# [- j/ ?6 t# {) k/ B 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 z; ^& v& e, w# ^) ~3 ?
1 j S: E1 R& K& `2 J0 aAction by Governments' @4 ~/ O6 v1 s
92. Domestic embargo7 b$ x, x, `5 O6 P
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 I2 M' M' ^9 Q" S0 A; i9 A 94. International sellers’ embargo
: U$ O4 U) Q5 v" O+ C 95. International buyers’ embargo
7 x1 O) d2 @1 t% {* Q. T5 N 96. International trade embargo" h4 l# k, j: z
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7 j/ ^% p; ^: x5 v- c" j: o; i% K$ u9 l5 P6 X" u' d* b8 t0 f4 \
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: ?9 d: K U+ j( T3 g: Q1 Z" x3 o- X: y8 R: s
) d6 U0 {. _& g q* FSymbolic Strikes/ l2 @. x8 ^( j/ Y" @' p' n
97. Protest strike6 e' g# g. m' q; U
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 f* x6 K T+ ~7 o+ I! m
% t3 ]* O" n0 I
Agricultural Strikes$ g9 h5 V1 K3 H, v: [0 d
99. Peasant strike4 ~( J% ?/ \: X
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) p: r8 w" m' A u( A+ _" v
- T; U7 R% W/ v: ~Strikes by Special Groups
( }2 y5 w1 z8 a% k% W! I4 u) }9 t 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 W+ o* V# s# `6 A9 t9 y5 V% m 102. Prisoners’ strike3 l; P* m8 r' r x! ^
103. Craft strike8 ^3 g! O: t) l
104. Professional strike
: { ~" O( j# m: l: _
6 s9 t( g1 w" iOrdinary Industrial Strikes* v3 p: S, G% @8 a
105. Establishment strike
; Q3 {4 k# ^6 }' D; y2 M+ o5 g6 ] 106. Industry strike: s1 Y0 \7 b4 k
107. Sympathetic strike
Z: o3 j# `7 Y5 @$ r4 j+ p R' R$ ]8 M, g; V) n& N
Restricted Strikes, Z' G- C( ^) b; t# L k. S
108. Detailed strike
" d( ?8 f" K2 F4 |! R. Y9 W 109. Bumper strike
' X: f4 f% b/ X 110. Slowdown strike
) s& l: O2 D% r4 u2 y" o5 ` 111. Working-to-rule strike
! y( `! }# t7 G9 j 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ s% E0 c/ S2 R1 a! g 113. Strike by resignation6 U/ ?) X( ?' Q( R* X' O+ [& K/ p
114. Limited strike
: T! e5 ?7 {- I, D* q 115. Selective strike
# O) @5 E2 @& u7 e) R+ F
7 {& h' ]9 z2 _4 T3 }2 J6 [+ bMulti-Industry Strikes, ?2 b) c. A; u/ Z7 z7 S
- L) t( R8 Z& C4 T( L+ D* v 116. Generalized strike# I, }& t! Q4 b+ Q
/ [* N% \. y+ v8 z 117. General strike. `9 v! |( u5 V7 v$ U; f" I
$ _0 H T: Y* Q3 ?6 H* ?1 g
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; Q: d: M" X, }- t& h" u- q9 T$ h6 I5 p% _% u4 ]- `
118. Hartal' K' o; z8 x% T) l/ r
6 M2 i: w" j( _/ @
119. Economic shutdown
+ L7 F% j r% B% H1 b
1 `( \1 f5 r. f: q% E4 w1 ~! y - p) i. o" W7 `' \
* S3 O, j9 I: W: t, N9 Z& L
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 j6 S2 x: Q7 L) R
9 d3 s+ ?, t/ d! g, I
8 @8 [- W8 c9 [# x- P) A/ I) iRejection of Authority
3 W- V D) ?6 [$ e- v7 i2 T 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% |+ I' n- A* Z% ]
121. Refusal of public support
; u# Q' z5 {5 z. h) D. L* Z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
& ~7 ~5 t6 b4 L2 H/ o, W z8 @; n
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& g4 z: j, @5 M+ ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ M% a0 ?: v+ o1 Z# d8 _
124. Boycott of elections
1 {5 l/ h7 H, x1 ~" D 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& {5 s& l- j B2 K 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# L& t! U0 g* h3 X. q6 l4 ?
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 I" l& |4 M! F5 m* K* X, ]
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ V8 K: @9 q1 s4 ]
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. @/ l. ?$ }# E; e; q. V 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( ?, o8 U. G8 C* j2 e" |! I
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials5 N3 i8 x0 e0 l- h3 ?; j9 }, p6 ^) p
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 L% M7 B& ]& L
2 T" L3 q: ~( j5 Y) y7 mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 z% R7 Y% V5 f$ ]7 d 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' c& z/ \$ S# ^2 |! R- `1 U 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
0 z; W0 x9 d5 @ h0 q* P 135. Popular nonobedience
8 ?% _/ i1 ^- P' |3 ^" h 136. Disguised disobedience
4 d5 S) e, z& V) L$ I4 x3 B: n 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% C0 ?* j/ Q# |( f, E7 ~# g 138. Sitdown `: [( ~0 I& u. x1 K" X0 ~. m
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* N0 v) S, g e. k0 Q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, S; |# u8 ~3 F- U9 X/ I6 R 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) Y) x/ ~, z) O$ ^1 L3 y/ x k# f- [0 r% f- i& X$ d
Action by Government Personnel
s; p+ [5 p. ?# U7 x4 w 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 e: E' ^& B* w, m2 q6 X0 n
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 f" g$ }% ?8 y% K 144. Stalling and obstruction
$ S2 `( B1 [% m w2 K: z- e" ? 145. General administrative noncooperation# |6 {3 [0 q A& Z
o1 Q3 D9 x8 n! Q
146. Judicial noncooperation
@: C5 f7 C5 w+ A 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* [8 m3 T4 X/ Z! l/ O
148. Mutiny
l' O- W c- a: L, J/ }; DDomestic Governmental Action
; H- ^7 z! `% z3 t# ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 R, h+ O7 f) C, P- y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 }3 x' y6 x8 Y, A) \
: U, f+ Q. |1 K+ d" kInternational Governmental Action
6 M; Z. K5 D( H 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 @/ s2 a% @( o$ s/ M3 y# V6 V 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! m3 P5 A3 p6 y7 s) Z! W; N 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, E7 W! ~& [) i; d- B/ a9 `- y! c& ]& e 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 [. M' N+ g# d8 d9 ? 155. Withdrawal from international organizations( H' D7 u& A g6 M0 V
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% h7 B( l9 ~# c& L* y6 `
157. Expulsion from international organizations
( B7 T* ~! q" U; C! W! f* M& k3 m! }' ], G* p+ m% |( X
: T# m& q* S2 m: s5 v
# j/ ?) s( Z* x# M9 j# @! ETHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( T) i% h/ I4 I6 A; K
0 M2 p( g& e9 G6 b5 V8 _1 @
$ X- r7 |, F3 F3 e9 M+ e# SPsychological Intervention# f# j. D! T b Y( C
158. Self-exposure to the elements- |' L* F& O# t/ Y9 ?" ]- m
159. The fast
" x# G" X7 ~0 l/ Z. p a) Fast of moral pressure4 _8 v1 B R) k9 V9 h
b) Hunger strike
4 ~- I1 p4 R4 m/ k4 P& o4 s c) Satyagrahic fast
+ R/ b' F& ^3 O: U. |9 K 160. Reverse trial
: J) X$ ~0 R) F6 r 161. Nonviolent harassment
3 F! w3 F4 a; r+ b- C- J2 q* I# Y$ F7 P& S3 C+ }5 P1 S0 h
Physical Intervention
; U Q; _0 b8 s5 i2 r 162. Sit-in& Z9 M$ _1 }: D! K3 H
163. Stand-in
: `- B C" ]3 f" }* r+ Y 164. Ride-in: k* r; }. J: T! i- v' P
165. Wade-in
( g& S' _2 I0 |3 d* ] 166. Mill-in* k/ ?4 y9 ]9 V0 B: E4 I3 x
167. Pray-in
( W$ ]0 Y* L0 E0 N 168. Nonviolent raids# u9 d# b( t& { w' V
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 E4 c( }# X7 | 170. Nonviolent invasion0 ?' C# a9 `+ f: k: b. J9 s
171. Nonviolent interjection2 q5 P3 U% I' Z2 Y* a8 Y* ]* `
172. Nonviolent obstruction
) H& S7 P; Z6 d 173. Nonviolent occupation
/ G; o& n' U0 W, ^6 N! p' u, u; ~- p# F* ?# e* Y
Social Intervention
0 c/ I2 @! K i0 j D) s; X/ r! D 174. Establishing new social patterns
# F( h5 I$ l. d' s 175. Overloading of facilities
& E' T1 W7 B$ M 176. Stall-in3 U) f& G, J5 I
177. Speak-in- F3 T d4 u! C3 K4 e
178. Guerrilla theater
$ i2 `3 F, d# m 179. Alternative social institutions
7 g! Y Y7 w3 l6 ? p 180. Alternative communication system& z1 u" w& m O& Z, W$ V- D2 e- o
" A8 e" a, \" {# i
Economic Intervention T/ _; u- r+ D5 f' m! {7 z
181. Reverse strike2 R. c- A1 G7 m2 a5 M
182. Stay-in strike
; J" O$ O4 F5 x 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ ~, h' ]) T% q; g1 {
184. Defiance of blockades4 [2 h5 e" d* u8 K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# h& a4 ~8 O3 i' N: ~3 y- ~ 186. Preclusive purchasing
" S, F# Q6 Q4 b1 ^2 b 187. Seizure of assets
U) z2 W/ p i d* I: m. s 188. Dumping
3 ~: {0 Z) f1 |' i7 ^ 189. Selective patronage
, ~& k# S: d3 `' p6 g 190. Alternative markets
1 L1 a" V7 F8 ?7 _7 Q7 f 191. Alternative transportation systems
$ ?& k3 J" R. M+ z& P 192. Alternative economic institutions
1 k1 P8 a# W9 ]8 g% M8 ?: Q; B- T- i2 m9 I/ u8 ]
Political Intervention" U/ D. u) B# B* s9 [
193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 p- K2 D: n) i& T. ?; h" H" e9 e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 m) e) x& W' G# l- y 195. Seeking imprisonment4 t O$ h! q0 Y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& y+ n4 m% q" v. k1 Y' X/ X 197. Work-on without collaboration' {' `; \. h; b" B9 H
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* @6 `/ t5 p! Q! ^( S
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
