 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: N6 `( Y% d4 i# ]Formal Statements
- v, Y' b- h, W7 ~; q' [! C" e, h 1. Public Speeches3 e" D; x( f X; w7 q( d% N
2. Letters of opposition or support
- B) f# G) p( j/ M6 o% H1 w7 T 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! P) w" }! f5 q: G& D* o0 `
4. Signed public statements
" Y2 Y, ~. I; D' K3 I 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) V$ L- ^* B# Y. ?, l, ~1 N7 M 6. Group or mass petitions2 n1 f! b' A. F* V7 Q
" H" O/ `9 v& @ ~Communications with a Wider Audience: y5 Z9 F. ?, T$ Q# Q/ C
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 L8 K/ _* |9 A5 a2 z9 [* G S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications _% w# f. Q% ~" d! ^! ^9 f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" |4 s9 g) j; W: u ^3 q 10. Newspapers and journals& X3 K3 V ?& z# P- w2 t/ L! L
11. Records, radio, and television" p# h0 \/ _- O2 k5 n: w3 |
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" O3 Y9 s/ D! F6 m1 q1 i- n
4 f1 B! m8 F+ r6 R4 W) f9 S
Group Representations \! G0 U) Y* x: o1 F1 y+ t
13. Deputations
9 U1 I# p; ?. I- m# I# I9 j 14. Mock awards
8 J$ C* [: z& ^, `, r: B/ O 15. Group lobbying
B6 P* y6 w# @ 16. Picketing
8 r' Z: |% C( }+ H4 t3 `; V5 _5 M& | 17. Mock elections
' x4 m# i0 [; O* X( K) P5 g. b* H% k" S0 y( d: t9 t Z
Symbolic Public Acts! F" V; C, z' e$ Q5 B" }
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. E4 s, v+ ^, ^ d1 _/ o 19. Wearing of symbols
j7 C" T; m2 A- o$ c3 J# j. q 20. Prayer and worship
% U; W5 C) l1 _. B6 C8 G 21. Delivering symbolic objects
; x( L t4 F4 i- H) y2 S 22. Protest disrobings
5 `4 E8 \6 I2 R1 f. b% S* E 23. Destruction of own property
6 N8 m* M! X) f1 y 24. Symbolic lights
: U Y7 p+ k9 h5 m3 B 25. Displays of portraits) q# x1 U G$ T
26. Paint as protest
) b5 T, R3 ~& x) G$ ^) ~) j) z g/ i 27. New signs and names o) @4 J( k. @+ m: P$ j
28. Symbolic sounds
+ _$ k+ b9 k( @) _ 29. Symbolic reclamations
, p- S. G/ g6 H" ?$ i( V2 F2 C4 t 30. Rude gestures
& i7 m5 r) S$ H; C* A! O2 g4 H4 w# M: b* ]* K3 C K7 R0 c5 _
Pressures on Individuals
1 }& T* A! @" |; S0 P; D& \! L 31. “Haunting” officials
- h; [0 _& J+ J; D0 \" p6 y 32. Taunting officials
5 ~5 e6 c9 f" k7 c [7 } 33. Fraternization) v0 U0 w2 A4 k+ O- ~: w
34. Vigils
$ C& I; h2 A% |, ]# X- A
7 L6 o9 Z e: ~2 ^; DDrama and Music8 H& p: A1 _, O l6 \& t5 P! F
35. Humorous skits and pranks# I O/ o. V6 C+ z8 @" O6 X
36. Performances of plays and music
6 k3 O' M: \- v& L3 v 37. Singing
}: C& z T1 T$ @& W/ ^+ T! `9 B; J' }) c. N% B# R% e
Processions2 k) B% R( Q1 M' l3 D1 x; ^% T
38. Marches& \: a+ k3 W$ y* K) k' n, H0 e
39. Parades& e8 o0 R# m: {& F$ q5 ^
40. Religious processions/ ?7 w, k! @& Z4 D' {
41. Pilgrimages
3 |# S( G& ]$ i! p. Y$ {0 F 42. Motorcades8 M0 ` z3 o! ^% W% t! G9 @
5 Q/ y5 I; \( b$ L! tHonoring the Dead( a3 f$ J3 v% c
43. Political mourning
0 M4 w0 E% k) C 44. Mock funerals
6 r# T y0 R2 ?3 F 45. Demonstrative funerals; O, H- k9 v! ?; v2 y/ b1 o
46. Homage at burial places) E* H8 G+ m; y+ R/ s6 t9 j4 A& g
2 x1 P* H6 z) X/ z/ s. qPublic Assemblies
/ i+ u8 L& L f- x$ f, x 47. Assemblies of protest or support
% N: W8 U. Y6 c. W5 T1 M( A* T+ P 48. Protest meetings5 ]& a) E3 t7 Q, F
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- }) `- X% S6 J9 W
50. Teach-ins% l' M/ P7 c0 V; C2 z I g3 Q3 h
! P3 h+ ]. o0 e
Withdrawal and Renunciation
( Z% o: F$ i3 S 51. Walk-outs
* j; P- M; E; l' N 52. Silence
/ f2 b! x3 m* j8 e 53. Renouncing honors E2 v, a4 Q) C
54. Turning one’s back
4 s( D, ?; {" z- O4 `0 j" B5 z8 i D3 U0 }) X: x0 v
- }# {0 F) c: L0 n& D3 k
4 ]1 m' b- X, j: M0 t6 O# m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 r9 }' \2 M5 j/ H3 b9 F+ i# P$ _0 A. u( W2 o/ ^! H
+ I( ^$ G$ A- _
) b. r6 E; R- H( [
Ostracism of Persons9 W1 P6 _1 U3 k0 j) T$ ^! e5 h
55. Social boycott8 o1 X$ k/ t2 `7 I
56. Selective social boycott
B& y$ L6 L* D2 _2 t6 | 57. Lysistratic nonaction& i/ g+ C( [' O0 T7 X8 n2 w% _* f
58. Excommunication! V4 ?3 _1 u, s5 g# N$ Y1 H# A* r: M" y
59. Interdict
Z# P1 f5 D: Y) b
4 \, p" Y: s$ C! M0 VNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! S4 _5 l2 `8 ?4 i: O) U 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; i8 Q% d/ I6 b- j! D 61. Boycott of social affairs
" V! {9 f2 U- s 62. Student strike: U$ m& {* z) c& A k3 O' v
63. Social disobedience5 v2 c2 R# N9 s. d1 O& \
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
" L8 k4 V" m: u- O8 u4 G9 D4 o! C3 q3 r# v/ S O# _
Withdrawal from the Social System
' M. R; a" e" t$ Q3 G# }4 h/ D 65. Stay-at-home7 ~# U* x+ }2 G% S1 E f
66. Total personal noncooperation$ q! a0 f& m- h: ?! }; C1 J6 `5 [
67. “Flight” of workers4 o8 ?5 ^' \6 G" i8 o
68. Sanctuary
0 w( p" o8 z) e4 P8 s 69. Collective disappearance3 H4 R+ N c2 R5 _7 w$ {. J: l
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 i6 z9 ~9 S/ H* w* R0 n! k
/ @2 k5 t4 S2 L# n N: d1 D 1 [5 U* z$ j6 m2 b
3 O6 p( C6 K& BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: }" E+ h+ |7 M; N' q+ _
, m3 e% B3 O/ C* }; b7 o# U . t& q v8 _5 k0 v
Actions by Consumers
$ w$ |$ m; g5 T7 k 71. Consumers’ boycott
! t) F+ e! {( T, g: v* j 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 P$ H8 X, \8 O6 F 73. Policy of austerity
, o1 A* ]9 Z6 M, l- C' f% p 74. Rent withholding
! a6 y* } J+ r0 f' r1 s8 \ 75. Refusal to rent, s% D8 V- _5 n6 o
76. National consumers’ boycott
5 D6 k; P: Y+ H. l 77. International consumers’ boycott- H9 q; \2 F' Q8 z8 \" U6 U
5 c+ M# l# B7 q5 l& |/ h/ m- X2 h4 VAction by Workers and Producers
" G0 O9 ?3 E4 Q$ k/ R 78. Workmen’s boycott
: a5 W: {, v! j5 W! t 79. Producers’ boycott
. w; U9 s5 X u8 U$ m q; M& ?5 @) D7 p' ?
4 S+ ~1 A& F2 Q7 G* EAction by Middlemen
2 i4 }$ ?* e l7 R- k 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
8 L) k/ O" \* n4 ?5 M( j7 z
/ _) M# a5 L$ x o; lAction by Owners and Management, q% h9 @4 d) E& ?7 d
81. Traders’ boycott
2 k, w/ w$ g. }( k 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 n. C7 h9 P# K
83. Lockout0 [ @9 R4 ?- i8 [
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
% ?! n0 V$ k4 Z( r 85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ L1 R8 x/ x$ x3 s- z6 F; h
' j" q; A. e8 d- q/ X% ^
Action by Holders of Financial Resources( _ X- v. ?) O6 }
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" q4 d* s8 M) Z' ~$ K' O- D- {
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
3 N& \, h( e6 |7 u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. v7 d/ s$ k5 e
89. Severance of funds and credit% G% c4 R3 R' ?5 d4 p6 W* A
90. Revenue refusal
. X- P0 A6 p3 Z8 d2 k d 91. Refusal of a government’s money* H; d! A. O ^; q- D
2 {+ Z, U" U) N4 ]Action by Governments1 P! E' d7 }$ j2 b1 h9 @% {# C
92. Domestic embargo
% w9 E/ {- I: L9 J3 Y 93. Blacklisting of traders
& c: P% X+ t, Y# M; _5 j" Q6 f. O 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 \4 C: D: \3 U% I1 S 95. International buyers’ embargo- T1 u" `. O% Y/ m/ c
96. International trade embargo J/ z3 V% p5 ^4 Z7 Q( K
3 B8 K9 d# c" V $ |* X- r5 Y8 Z0 u4 R
8 M: \2 o( _8 R& T# y* U! }( TTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
+ R9 j, E& q/ i: F
3 f0 i+ p" |/ P3 `/ l6 l$ F$ t
5 F+ \- D: i, ?Symbolic Strikes1 r& t. H6 J+ s% ^
97. Protest strike
+ m8 p7 ~; A" P$ ]7 t, ?7 Q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
& E3 @% H ?/ H3 G0 r4 U# _8 |" _1 v' I' m
Agricultural Strikes7 O' a ]1 e: V) I
99. Peasant strike3 t/ K1 ?- ^' x2 y& p
100. Farm Workers’ strike; W: I T( z$ w- l$ Y
) Q6 s3 w' j; i, ^3 o' m ^Strikes by Special Groups: G: y5 X7 }. ~% \7 @# F' u
101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 w& O0 b ?6 @/ j4 o& X# F 102. Prisoners’ strike) Z7 k; p3 G2 v/ h4 B: ]
103. Craft strike
7 ~- J0 V2 w u. _* x 104. Professional strike
9 M7 @- ^5 m+ T7 _$ @& ]2 v4 n& x# _1 o( Q& R. n. Z5 \% U
Ordinary Industrial Strikes' z; v7 I6 @0 a* z
105. Establishment strike+ F. _. D. X4 @: {
106. Industry strike( g5 p* Z8 P0 i2 I" [/ Y6 _
107. Sympathetic strike% f6 W: p! I3 H" O( F# e! v; S: z
2 l+ |' A3 M2 `4 U* `# R7 ?, y; G) p cRestricted Strikes" C* @ h- ^1 C! `+ V1 [
108. Detailed strike
7 f I& u3 h; a; m 109. Bumper strike
8 n4 `/ I) B( i+ U. O/ ]( G2 K# K 110. Slowdown strike- H* }+ R d+ Y4 s" }1 H
111. Working-to-rule strike' S2 ~- _& O' \/ N9 K
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 v# G' O- |2 o: ~- F; i& i
113. Strike by resignation
8 G9 W- T& ~/ Z 114. Limited strike
& A; I2 B# y8 F# |3 z 115. Selective strike
: F8 U; V$ G% A1 a8 `( |; e* E$ Z* l
Multi-Industry Strikes- x& ]$ H) s9 w" F7 [6 Y+ _' _
2 X* M" |* [# j6 t" R+ A
116. Generalized strike1 \8 u j( k/ e; h! e6 \* V9 ?0 |
3 M( j0 X) g* d! [& j6 Y 117. General strike$ X" c1 s' V% i4 L0 M2 D- G% d3 f
- H( w2 Z4 A, v3 Q7 l1 Y/ v) e
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 E: F+ p7 h6 Z! `" k5 z5 s7 b7 F& c n3 R, ?9 I- k; g
118. Hartal
& T2 p! |) k4 i0 h3 d; L; e" Z$ G5 t( C o' ~ o
119. Economic shutdown
! N) i% Y' O! f# s, l, z( _- h- Z2 v2 I/ k/ a4 l$ z: }
2 C! B4 `0 {2 j7 ?* C
9 v3 \. U8 @% QTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
, |. E! g2 ^( w6 Z" j$ n+ D( \+ s3 `0 {; x2 O
# a$ n+ c6 N# x# X( }' G$ z
Rejection of Authority
+ n" W s2 I5 Q6 U9 | 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 {! {* |6 c' I) s( M 121. Refusal of public support
2 s; ~7 A& L- | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 }8 Y, B( W u: \5 M0 S- {
f3 N! p3 i) v6 _, d( qCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 b' o2 W) V4 g 123. Boycott of legislative bodies) M& f8 \" |" E' W* S f. V
124. Boycott of elections4 e- ]4 G; ?* S6 T) I
125. Boycott of government employment and positions \7 C/ g& s4 F; P4 o+ Y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* o8 {: d/ @8 |6 r# w3 M4 D
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 H% D9 o6 J4 n% e6 |; d) n
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 k4 { ^! {/ m+ `. ^% n0 C 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( t1 e( N$ p% [; R 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ t" p2 M: G* b0 Z+ n# e6 X/ C 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; Q- s4 M9 Q- ]* f$ A/ U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ w( p F# h4 j" d
0 O7 i. t( [5 Y, i, eCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 E! Q' m! b/ f$ P$ \$ ?6 y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance! O7 O; ?8 r# s6 |( {
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) e p6 b' K" ?) Y) F w
135. Popular nonobedience
3 V2 `* g u' Y 136. Disguised disobedience. |9 y: @( h9 T* z7 @( m
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, V* T. u2 a0 C* S% x5 u5 k
138. Sitdown
1 Z( H, i8 F( `7 J& |$ h3 z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" x$ s: Q" I0 R- u, K. @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities e% X( B0 Y$ f
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 k- n8 B/ S! [* |+ T
' n# H/ @- V7 B
Action by Government Personnel
1 R' M4 ~( _ n# M' `8 \1 D( } 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* b M Z% L' K- n5 L# {! j/ B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 y8 y8 \1 F$ s, i
144. Stalling and obstruction
! ]. H% }( Q0 w$ \; f: b 145. General administrative noncooperation
$ z0 l- X, n/ o9 l9 w8 Y& I( ~
4 b$ r: I9 A* J5 T 146. Judicial noncooperation
& {6 d0 K9 n7 I0 q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: ~0 Q% |/ M' \0 Q( _; m
148. Mutiny' l7 C" c3 @: @2 ?
Domestic Governmental Action
: R w0 c3 G" t2 R# | 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! j- f2 G- h! U
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ c) a: G$ K7 `% E/ R% t# w$ z! Y/ g4 g
International Governmental Action A. n- g C2 z! x
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. M% k$ g$ d' `4 ]+ w/ r8 k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# C; r/ W# K3 i# q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) B( |9 y3 Z3 t$ j( `# A" n$ }' I6 `
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 |6 v3 p$ R2 i* x 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! W" Q. G1 t' G; @5 c( v# F 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) E v, Y& R4 X# O1 c t
157. Expulsion from international organizations- o+ z* |- ~$ x6 F! x
+ T7 \1 j$ U* j+ A0 f
& Y' G/ l8 ]9 U& b7 a* k. y2 X# E
6 ]" w+ U8 I6 oTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
* R% U2 N) m3 ?* i3 t% x+ w$ ^1 g' W j
4 B5 P( ^# f# J) J
Psychological Intervention
& a7 q* e' k! K) \% `4 h 158. Self-exposure to the elements9 _: j3 j2 M6 e
159. The fast( ~2 z6 n7 E5 l5 Z3 d
a) Fast of moral pressure9 u! x1 F" u" Z* `9 ?% z( a! V
b) Hunger strike: }# q: R$ H7 W4 E3 p
c) Satyagrahic fast+ }' u! z' _. F$ ~1 C/ n
160. Reverse trial6 p4 c! O c9 r* ^
161. Nonviolent harassment) _# k1 H: V9 Q) Q! h3 {
7 q& P3 V) v2 E9 `1 _6 f5 R
Physical Intervention) F! Z/ F' J( E$ ]" {% D3 ~
162. Sit-in
* v( O2 B+ }& U/ c5 ~ 163. Stand-in
A* P7 N. c9 i5 A 164. Ride-in
3 o0 D& M1 a* s' F+ d9 F 165. Wade-in
H+ M! T$ ~) H, a4 o 166. Mill-in# z- u; L7 w* m/ U6 z7 \
167. Pray-in# ?1 f4 ]: R$ \
168. Nonviolent raids
+ p1 W# G6 V+ T( O8 c4 n) y5 I 169. Nonviolent air raids4 m, k& U5 R$ t0 I' a) ?
170. Nonviolent invasion4 A: L: f1 o Z7 U' w2 U) p
171. Nonviolent interjection/ U) A% q- q6 T0 D* q2 L$ G- j$ R* o
172. Nonviolent obstruction- y) p- Z3 D! {. A2 X1 |9 l1 C
173. Nonviolent occupation
2 T# U% I4 I" V$ D, z6 {6 O$ Z- n
) Q9 T) N( b1 T- z2 lSocial Intervention8 g2 O r/ |0 t, S) @
174. Establishing new social patterns* v! ]5 t; P6 S/ t
175. Overloading of facilities7 ]% }% m7 f% |# N
176. Stall-in
4 R7 x' S, p0 ~- V 177. Speak-in' B. m# v. T! I
178. Guerrilla theater9 ]" y7 L& b( `3 u% ^+ F- {7 P1 j
179. Alternative social institutions# B! c/ f8 X1 ~
180. Alternative communication system
# z! v$ c' ?/ D
. E$ D8 n& K mEconomic Intervention! h; L4 k. K: Y3 v+ @2 Y
181. Reverse strike; @) ]. C3 \6 E" s5 U! T0 j
182. Stay-in strike
# }6 I! t' l! K8 L% y 183. Nonviolent land seizure- S' i2 L+ U! d
184. Defiance of blockades
, N; Z: S. e5 r2 T 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 E* R% C4 c: G- G# |' Z7 n
186. Preclusive purchasing9 ` D7 c' R' D5 k
187. Seizure of assets
* v2 H* Z& T$ J# n 188. Dumping) Y" g4 c2 R' C/ d/ v4 _% Q" f8 `5 l1 z
189. Selective patronage, Y* w2 k7 v8 I
190. Alternative markets
) v4 ]# V! I. K1 Z1 U! T 191. Alternative transportation systems! f+ t( R$ i4 U, v: V& M
192. Alternative economic institutions
0 P* w+ l2 e# }7 l; c8 K/ K# D6 A V) e! x. a5 A5 G, m
Political Intervention7 W8 x; h, S' S
193. Overloading of administrative systems
* o' e) p* o2 O/ x, | 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% j" P6 D) f( y# \* P5 g6 t- }' \2 i
195. Seeking imprisonment0 K0 L# g D3 P% J/ L# [9 X
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' D0 z! y" {6 L6 A- M
197. Work-on without collaboration: e+ f$ C! ]+ t, ^9 w
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
, j1 B% T( B$ c! R2 _8 n, A4 s4 f' d* c. K
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
