 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: @2 H) a9 H k, e( w# k) `Formal Statements
$ x) l# L7 r5 L! i 1. Public Speeches
! A3 r8 S4 C( Z5 Y! ]' x6 M 2. Letters of opposition or support
7 k) P2 x# {! Y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; A3 w/ r& M8 d7 e3 _( D1 b 4. Signed public statements2 q m, H+ c& Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention% S, Z3 Y5 W5 z
6. Group or mass petitions
# Y9 u8 x1 _7 k9 H9 r) h4 K& P9 Y0 T, g
Communications with a Wider Audience
1 Q9 C0 [8 ~# P 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols& c9 Y1 O/ K) d, v/ a" T
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% f, |% f* ~$ b5 e V/ o9 n
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' ]& A, w9 u3 ?- |' C+ Z4 n7 A% K 10. Newspapers and journals
5 q4 Q5 B1 j6 b6 x% C' d 11. Records, radio, and television- V8 G1 n) _& ~1 \/ n
12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 f- E, \& {9 x( y
^% |2 c. K7 [% k1 s# dGroup Representations, p/ p. Y7 T4 U5 |$ E
13. Deputations( T( d( C9 R. v5 {! Z
14. Mock awards9 l# J% x% r% K0 k) d. U* h4 r5 _
15. Group lobbying
0 {+ P1 h' k' D9 v8 r. P 16. Picketing9 y9 p% i9 p8 s- Y
17. Mock elections/ y! {# S3 W/ X) i6 o) j
5 D& T7 p$ A1 p8 w
Symbolic Public Acts
1 V8 N5 J# Q& [- X8 ] 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 W( y% i5 H: j
19. Wearing of symbols+ Y+ p* l4 Y' Q1 ]% O; j
20. Prayer and worship
- P4 l5 |9 ]; R' Y+ u1 h 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. K9 w$ l6 T6 d1 p, p6 t 22. Protest disrobings8 B( e* G+ t' Q* h0 O! V( t" F% u; |
23. Destruction of own property
% {) [3 O- f! D8 m8 c9 B/ m B5 k" x 24. Symbolic lights
" O: n" o; C, i. [4 C+ k c) [9 k 25. Displays of portraits% Z. J" t" e! h" I+ F5 k$ T
26. Paint as protest# ]1 t0 l1 z- ]& o- A/ u) Q
27. New signs and names/ x: p/ ?. ]+ w$ l- g" I
28. Symbolic sounds
! P/ s [/ u. D! s, n 29. Symbolic reclamations
/ b- {2 @( [1 j8 p) B) _ 30. Rude gestures8 r4 g. s5 K& c0 R/ F% T! w
: h7 H$ X( e7 y8 S; l4 J
Pressures on Individuals
3 N* b) v2 |9 c# L" Y' x 31. “Haunting” officials- C: V$ h; x; Z" @
32. Taunting officials
' N/ x( I! u) p) K 33. Fraternization, L9 q4 g" {' {; L
34. Vigils
' x* Y" M3 T! | r( L% F8 n/ Z3 S/ m6 ?5 D
Drama and Music
- Z4 Q) E; Z E- g1 n9 d( T 35. Humorous skits and pranks% Z# ] g& ?% s; `( M
36. Performances of plays and music
j4 n6 Y5 P1 f% P9 h 37. Singing
; W" x4 Q ~* N" k3 [: w! G, ~8 d/ _9 `$ S$ v: I: F y2 E4 M% g f1 D
Processions
: F0 e- W4 T8 c: ?1 {8 p 38. Marches
3 @" m! H% V; V 39. Parades
+ X2 C: X7 z" W, q3 V 40. Religious processions; Z1 I. n1 u/ a* ]
41. Pilgrimages
( j0 i$ Z& V) ^7 F# a 42. Motorcades' t( g8 y8 b% _: V0 d, `
# k& p. w( b! L) t- b
Honoring the Dead
. m7 z8 H" [; \2 f+ L2 m7 C! h& S 43. Political mourning8 l* A" U" v0 [0 o% _; n
44. Mock funerals
: D* `( j7 L$ y% }4 b 45. Demonstrative funerals# z! s( G) o& J+ O( k
46. Homage at burial places. h# j1 ?( u+ r! J3 ]0 r
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Public Assemblies- p; L* ?9 C+ n/ i3 u) }
47. Assemblies of protest or support
( i3 `5 K( _( a4 m8 w, j6 J) l# W 48. Protest meetings. t6 O9 |! a9 _& u, }7 |4 V
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; Y9 w' x5 _+ q* V5 {0 x% ~
50. Teach-ins9 s9 _. P( r9 @+ k! K) Z& ^* `# u
4 \$ I1 r. m% [& `8 I* d( u) n( h; aWithdrawal and Renunciation
+ Y5 M# A' o' X* _8 J# o 51. Walk-outs& W9 V# q4 w8 ]
52. Silence- j- y! |5 ~+ `
53. Renouncing honors. N) }# M& c j5 {
54. Turning one’s back
3 x% J/ e1 i7 R' z& [$ l# H n% A# `; D6 q
4 P ^; ^- H/ p& _3 v" Q. y2 J% d
- z# v) G8 N. ]8 }! tTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( D5 J8 i3 y9 |. O' y$ A* {
9 L9 L# z5 x, c0 \8 `8 c M
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& m* D, i5 o0 e. g9 e& b* YOstracism of Persons
+ [# j$ w! ^- X2 W' @ 55. Social boycott
* ?# z) k) i( S* U2 s! X3 a5 r/ y 56. Selective social boycott
6 e3 G# D0 J. Q7 H 57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 c1 y9 ]( \ q9 _4 }# ]3 T& v( J 58. Excommunication, s% J5 Q. b/ n5 M
59. Interdict
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: Q7 F9 i; a) y C! g g3 oNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- g; B$ P# H- ?- z9 }/ |
60. Suspension of social and sports activities; f$ k L" @' V" f3 L4 V+ T6 a
61. Boycott of social affairs
* `. p7 j2 m4 |2 G+ i 62. Student strike
! e( Q1 [; h5 P, l 63. Social disobedience
- W- c* ?' y% u$ {* ~ B7 | 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System0 E; O1 N: }" |* F
65. Stay-at-home
- g% v* C- U7 H 66. Total personal noncooperation
. c O, j- Y8 C: e& r$ v 67. “Flight” of workers& s0 D) l+ b6 z8 g' ^
68. Sanctuary
$ v) n* Q P0 Q. d" ^$ k 69. Collective disappearance8 I2 W- i0 F( K d6 {2 V$ Y1 q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 T2 F" S- p# h4 l+ z: D7 A
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9 `- b* Z5 G' J0 ]' D5 H2 h& }# r- E7 P' h7 _
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers' \+ }' d" \/ `' u* T6 C* c( s
71. Consumers’ boycott; Y2 d+ S' U; n! ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ ?/ Q; p, t+ x" B 73. Policy of austerity1 N2 W9 g q$ _& S! e
74. Rent withholding% P% J* j% a. o4 M3 |$ o
75. Refusal to rent
- I1 _: ^6 O$ V# R: B 76. National consumers’ boycott
7 R5 \9 ^: S! g. Y 77. International consumers’ boycott
2 ~5 k& o% U8 ^4 L: @2 g
, O6 Q) k/ E6 y vAction by Workers and Producers+ V, T* U* C( B7 n0 p
78. Workmen’s boycott
+ a7 q) u) y0 J; R 79. Producers’ boycott
% ~1 C0 G6 n/ P! `5 T4 v9 u% b: K: F- {+ I! V: J
Action by Middlemen
$ \2 j$ h3 [+ y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ D- o0 [1 S$ c/ r6 L5 v
& j9 {7 B! A) C8 tAction by Owners and Management
- B2 l1 ^# @* g3 X- y9 |1 I7 M 81. Traders’ boycott
; z# k3 }4 X& B 82. Refusal to let or sell property/ b6 b/ R# b( e/ c% i" _2 W1 x6 l
83. Lockout2 ^/ L w. N& b. C
84. Refusal of industrial assistance( M1 B4 G# v2 n' h w; e6 L
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, i7 z+ a( s8 M {' j" R% y# e) S% d- @! K G7 _: B
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
1 |7 x% c+ O2 K2 C) t0 Z: `" F 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits* ^9 h4 ]* w" y: p% l: t5 B
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- \. Q! y9 Y' V% M1 R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest y2 C9 l$ x0 G# a9 g
89. Severance of funds and credit9 {1 Y* O( M+ C2 H6 i5 m
90. Revenue refusal `, m. Z8 x; K# T% R1 Q+ r2 S9 i
91. Refusal of a government’s money! @3 P+ a9 ]2 y4 c5 S' E
* i6 o3 x) _& K2 P
Action by Governments
; A8 @9 s3 r# V0 L5 b% v 92. Domestic embargo4 z' F6 G O. y* O. R/ J; `
93. Blacklisting of traders+ a4 W' c. ^% x) ?, U' P; `! ?
94. International sellers’ embargo- s: ]6 l2 L3 `5 Y) I
95. International buyers’ embargo; N% @3 t. q0 g! c) M- i9 g
96. International trade embargo
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; P2 r: k0 n9 _4 L9 ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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4 s5 z* z; ~5 C& w7 x9 \Symbolic Strikes: @( w0 M& Y9 h- ` j& [/ A$ j/ p
97. Protest strike$ F9 u) N3 Y- @$ E
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ o7 [ Y# v2 r& D: V% t g
9 f! Z; W5 n# {" P; x0 l2 _. nAgricultural Strikes/ V* W# W+ @5 V S! J3 F0 n
99. Peasant strike2 B8 w) j2 W% u- S
100. Farm Workers’ strike' Y% _5 o7 j9 K" `6 J/ A; g
) A- Q/ L4 n. m. n' SStrikes by Special Groups
6 b" m ?' C4 J, w& w& Q" H0 F 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 G2 E! B' n$ _. g5 m 102. Prisoners’ strike
* ]2 e( I8 Z( k& Q* _9 F: }; [ 103. Craft strike
" X& J3 W" Y5 n) ` 104. Professional strike
# S$ r1 F0 L. {" r% y2 S5 ^* \- t' a9 ]
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
& b; h) l, Z* z+ T1 w 105. Establishment strike O: e+ d5 l q, H; U$ v4 f
106. Industry strike( X7 c N8 f. L% p( [9 t
107. Sympathetic strike2 E7 X5 K- r* s5 O; e
p9 B! O" \/ B( f; LRestricted Strikes) |/ |! |. v1 }& S! `
108. Detailed strike
9 |, J5 o) Q: F0 W. O" s( v 109. Bumper strike
; ?( x' V! Q7 |! l% N x# t 110. Slowdown strike
/ H6 u6 V# L2 Z 111. Working-to-rule strike2 h. a6 Z# m; d' k5 p! `/ p& k
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! i; C' K* p0 k0 r) H" Z, E
113. Strike by resignation2 S5 S5 Z# y& R8 n
114. Limited strike" b- `; L) d3 |3 s5 A* c+ k
115. Selective strike C4 k3 @+ ]$ x' M) e
/ H$ v: A9 @' J' w1 ?! u. fMulti-Industry Strikes
s' L* x9 ~ D' F, r* C( y/ n8 K- ]1 F8 a3 ?) t7 v2 w
116. Generalized strike+ p9 w* h9 o5 r1 D
* ~; O, x/ p5 F* @; ]! D
117. General strike4 n' n# u) Y: p/ I
3 `& d; j _2 n" ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; n6 S2 M; c7 M1 J, e7 x) Y, f' K5 a- f9 G6 v- W h6 V/ r
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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3 G# c, x+ U! J+ U6 S! k% yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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" `$ C7 z5 x: i; o0 }Rejection of Authority
" k. Y$ b& q2 b. E$ B2 c2 s9 C 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 b$ E1 g1 ~0 F9 o% z. z 121. Refusal of public support5 m% b- S! ?) _* C' k- x+ j
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; _; e& ~8 H& H9 ?9 j/ u% Q N8 Q. l! ~: K$ ]& }- Y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government( P0 M. }# o1 J- E* X- {) i) h7 B
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! q% w( o# a, O: ]. @" {, E 124. Boycott of elections
- {$ K2 F$ k; G! P8 H' X8 Z- g9 J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ `1 g5 C) ~2 p. ]
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 _* S+ e4 @7 L- `; `/ \! p. F 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, ?1 b) J% j/ d- O
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, ?/ k. e& S! p! U# y/ N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( [: D6 p. N' F f7 g+ X
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( c: z- Q7 p2 ]% s; j. M1 o 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 c1 m6 {; o, H' V- Y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 F! K, j& x5 k+ n" z' d
: L/ Q8 I, S- ]Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 B$ A0 ]8 J( z) Q9 y! O; S$ n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance" z5 `8 q R. a! j& ~ |2 `; A
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 E4 J4 y% k8 N/ ~, l( [3 V
135. Popular nonobedience
% Y F) A# p7 O/ l 136. Disguised disobedience
& \: j0 ~4 B4 D6 M* B/ T& H 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( G1 x6 D. m" ~# Z
138. Sitdown# Q7 F# X/ }3 w# k5 w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& v) ]* h( E% c 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 `/ s) }( m5 f% [9 U 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 G% ?7 O5 y: ~% J' ?% p; h
- u w/ O$ s0 F, d2 J5 C P
Action by Government Personnel) Q o- U5 c$ u) u! ]
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 m2 b; a% o9 w! ]7 g 143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 D9 @' b+ J" ]2 O) A# b
144. Stalling and obstruction
. G }; B g6 S" Y 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
& O; z9 ?0 l# t 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' w v# g; T7 F! n- h; ~7 X8 {4 K+ ~ 148. Mutiny2 o- F9 N. q( Z5 S! p' H
Domestic Governmental Action
& K: j) b/ x. B3 A 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) k: p/ M) n z* o: g 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' y6 }1 N" @, A& f
6 y% @: c1 ^8 s+ s% cInternational Governmental Action
( w8 q$ N) w" ?' ` 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 D3 K' {7 a0 Z2 r5 c
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 X5 V3 O: v4 Z" _$ H' O 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition0 n5 s [1 O0 ~3 }
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 ^0 s! b( M* x 155. Withdrawal from international organizations. |4 M3 v- M2 x0 ]
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' A7 t) [1 j2 x3 d8 ]! _ 157. Expulsion from international organizations: e5 b7 s/ Q ~# }
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention$ G0 Z, O6 R2 [; \ ]2 u5 y
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 C1 v/ z$ K- B5 ]2 ?0 k$ t8 S 159. The fast
+ N7 y1 d. h$ d/ [6 ?4 t a) Fast of moral pressure+ Z, S& w4 c3 z$ T: o
b) Hunger strike9 J* n: ]; m3 F2 ^* K4 A
c) Satyagrahic fast! x9 M7 K5 H0 K7 @* q) ~
160. Reverse trial
6 {1 K% f) I6 O: a) `, L 161. Nonviolent harassment
8 D4 X% c* ]! O V8 t$ a' Y; w+ V5 a- o% E# b" t
Physical Intervention
3 L/ N0 r; _" d! o 162. Sit-in1 G( h6 w2 @/ T0 ^, X
163. Stand-in+ G8 W+ i+ ]1 b3 y0 o) g2 S
164. Ride-in
0 C) o0 G. C3 e( t# D, B7 U4 P: g 165. Wade-in- l9 A; ?7 h! [- ?( v3 C: t
166. Mill-in1 D3 ~0 I4 t5 m
167. Pray-in, K8 m2 q1 f, Q8 J% F" Y6 ~
168. Nonviolent raids0 o6 m5 [5 u% O. b; U1 S
169. Nonviolent air raids5 z/ [# P3 u9 v5 t% ], U6 l. K( F$ t
170. Nonviolent invasion
7 c8 H# }# @* q% u! w2 G: W 171. Nonviolent interjection. N1 l1 L* B/ \4 S- ?; {4 F
172. Nonviolent obstruction, g5 [+ u# P5 x' \& S" n
173. Nonviolent occupation, {* a# B& q3 t8 e8 C0 e$ q7 Y j/ V
0 l& O/ ^; A3 i3 x- N5 Z6 h& [+ jSocial Intervention
& j) @, B9 Y, B# `% U2 t0 C8 H 174. Establishing new social patterns
T) E/ C- H. s! q% q+ V 175. Overloading of facilities
8 H/ v+ _/ G6 W 176. Stall-in) }* j/ v8 j1 F9 `: d$ L6 g* t
177. Speak-in
$ ~& q+ n$ T) u2 I 178. Guerrilla theater
- d: L5 y& x3 J3 ^) J 179. Alternative social institutions# c* c, |( J! p! B' r0 E- }( L; Z& W
180. Alternative communication system2 `7 b2 u- x2 v2 O4 }; Q: P
8 `' P" O8 x1 d* `+ K# jEconomic Intervention; o# l) Y: p1 q" R% ]8 \
181. Reverse strike d$ P0 E, j) C' f* @, L' z( a8 M
182. Stay-in strike
! T: N7 V5 M- e. c 183. Nonviolent land seizure0 R' S1 ~2 k& H. v+ e9 }
184. Defiance of blockades5 S: T' R N' C+ _- b* G- S f, D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, K: B. x9 M9 k% d8 i4 l, a
186. Preclusive purchasing8 y: |5 \0 D. P: d' `& u, E7 X9 i
187. Seizure of assets
5 P) p: }! j) S+ h& c 188. Dumping
( T' Z, M# }0 }& M' |6 E7 T$ ^ 189. Selective patronage7 L9 g0 v3 K$ E4 Y9 r* s6 F
190. Alternative markets
6 ^% V- r& {+ r8 R/ n, R# L 191. Alternative transportation systems' k: B0 ]- q6 w4 a9 |. p3 V
192. Alternative economic institutions
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% ~( m8 B; V9 Y. HPolitical Intervention
& j9 l, s0 e" t+ m 193. Overloading of administrative systems& A- D3 Z5 E7 I& d9 b
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' X* I4 ]$ x: ] 195. Seeking imprisonment# u8 B* k8 z6 Y9 A2 ~3 r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 d$ W% a$ D+ E" k$ U/ R
197. Work-on without collaboration. T# V* Q3 @% }/ ~9 k
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
