 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 E; u5 _5 @8 o- ^+ u& x* W6 C
Formal Statements; r) J' X! M9 B. `, g3 l! Z# f
1. Public Speeches
5 z M6 P% v: W& } 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 R3 i+ c% Z$ ^" A 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 C; q' }2 d* M" c+ _4 Q; f 4. Signed public statements. k5 [; y4 v( a' h$ E
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" K; c9 V- H, d 6. Group or mass petitions+ [( b( K/ s8 r+ _
) q' g1 Q" k$ |8 l
Communications with a Wider Audience. X- x' Z4 _ }3 \* ~. k' c
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 N; R1 M$ ~# B& a/ s 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 m, r0 j" {& G& i) y
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; j$ _7 G4 w% h' M. j% K$ G
10. Newspapers and journals
& ~2 f& F8 y! h$ c 11. Records, radio, and television m- o% v1 t& \: O0 D) o
12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ h- B/ W/ n: f3 k5 T% ?' T
: \. U$ g5 x+ q' Y+ k2 t
Group Representations
+ l" K0 ]& L0 s! Q e( Q 13. Deputations' A0 o p3 |. R$ K- k/ X, J
14. Mock awards, q3 i5 F* s n$ A! v; l; p
15. Group lobbying6 v9 D, e+ ?! l- m7 T
16. Picketing
8 K+ o+ B$ N2 ^$ K( V `, @ 17. Mock elections
9 t7 b: h7 n1 `
2 t8 k) T# \$ F: g" NSymbolic Public Acts/ I; I# v! Q6 R$ L
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( @9 m+ r, f7 ^/ c: i, o" x% f
19. Wearing of symbols
% L( t9 x$ B$ i8 ?5 m 20. Prayer and worship6 D, {# K+ e+ z$ u% |
21. Delivering symbolic objects
- H7 n& y3 b4 D5 O4 l6 W6 z 22. Protest disrobings
0 y- e i7 J. B 23. Destruction of own property2 ]) A& `$ H- P. }) `# B& p" v
24. Symbolic lights# L7 M& M; d# W
25. Displays of portraits0 j: I+ \( B* i) B! P# P
26. Paint as protest
# m& e5 o/ g y) {7 R. }$ Q 27. New signs and names" B) c7 t% ~" J& ~& I; v5 H0 s* J0 M) R
28. Symbolic sounds T. t& G$ Q9 L9 r; f" t( Q( G
29. Symbolic reclamations
* L/ c3 E7 x# S5 k% | 30. Rude gestures5 u4 i6 k8 P) |( E# p
* f1 r& O8 C5 N) H
Pressures on Individuals
; e4 X% ], h$ M8 a+ v# i7 h: d 31. “Haunting” officials! J+ s. ]; w6 }! v, v; j3 k4 O9 O
32. Taunting officials
1 |: y, C1 E' ~7 q2 U% c 33. Fraternization/ M& a T! n( P- G# R+ A
34. Vigils
6 S3 J$ ?" O, i/ t+ p1 |( y6 g
* Q9 l1 A4 O: V( e$ CDrama and Music
) d \# P* y6 y Y9 ^7 \: s 35. Humorous skits and pranks9 M( g$ Q2 x* H5 A% _" v6 W
36. Performances of plays and music3 p3 g1 K1 v( W' P5 `
37. Singing
+ s) \9 N! ^ q
; u l/ M6 Z0 E& z1 OProcessions8 ~0 Y$ n/ G% S) e0 @
38. Marches
1 i, u. L( M2 C1 {3 u% j9 L. F! J 39. Parades, B+ P9 w3 g2 C1 @8 T/ f" E
40. Religious processions
7 N7 n$ E% n# J3 S2 G t9 W" l 41. Pilgrimages8 }/ l5 n7 W7 |
42. Motorcades
3 d# e2 j6 b; m+ K; ?1 x9 L( O% L& {# s: b! h B o [
Honoring the Dead m7 _, }# V, a" B. P/ y: Y
43. Political mourning
: s! Q2 S4 u5 B* p: {( p G 44. Mock funerals. X4 H O3 [7 ]% d; k
45. Demonstrative funerals) p3 K D, Z+ E) A/ _! B5 p+ G( Z
46. Homage at burial places
V, e* W& O4 r) f
1 E8 ?9 h. t$ DPublic Assemblies, [4 j- S0 T `: ^4 {0 H8 W% }
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 W% H3 ]5 H5 V0 S/ i# z: `0 c 48. Protest meetings u( \2 M9 e1 _, d
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) A- ^2 R% B; A9 i" X5 o 50. Teach-ins5 D6 D3 B# m ]4 E( @
6 E& `% a# ~- y% o7 lWithdrawal and Renunciation
* f9 A3 H- F' W N8 X4 L" B 51. Walk-outs3 ]; Q, z5 Y6 c, P; z: e; x
52. Silence A$ N- x# H9 R+ s8 V" I: V
53. Renouncing honors' }! Z7 J! Y7 x+ E5 G% g
54. Turning one’s back/ f1 Y0 P6 x- H6 }: w d
# X2 m- U0 O2 q5 {
! G0 |% F9 @- Z8 |, m
& Z2 j3 r# ?+ B! \( lTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ }8 x8 u: }, U) E% ]9 y4 w" }( G
$ e) X o* B; i) w; X; z9 t. }0 N+ a0 Q: o0 Z! ~% r- h' G8 k
Ostracism of Persons
) l; D f3 f9 _) Z! S- V, [ 55. Social boycott
, l' c5 ]- N; [, C- s) c 56. Selective social boycott1 @% r! B4 `3 p- Q; X, Z7 F
57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 Q! g K1 q5 T7 V1 u. ^- T 58. Excommunication
X; G2 E% F! @# i3 d 59. Interdict0 M; M% {' E2 b) M" f4 K0 Z5 F! u
5 ~: G1 A! P, d# K
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 }, \5 U9 w& @2 E" G( u3 Y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
6 ]& O3 p8 `5 V: ~: L2 z. }. A& E2 c 61. Boycott of social affairs
9 D' o* q2 j( i! q 62. Student strike
6 l7 C' U/ R: E 63. Social disobedience
( F/ ~7 ?# n9 M 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ E" L$ u, M0 U, q! |4 I8 B5 I
Withdrawal from the Social System
, M2 y0 o+ w$ v 65. Stay-at-home
8 S1 P' T; j# g+ T' I1 u 66. Total personal noncooperation
1 X) R$ n- o+ F! t 67. “Flight” of workers
8 @/ v7 ?4 K! t5 j- ?' p 68. Sanctuary
- f7 t+ i" k7 l+ ~6 R/ c& _9 n/ P! \ 69. Collective disappearance
0 ~4 k% F% O. D. ]" s! b1 Y' z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 o" M" Y, f3 x# ~1 q2 r3 ^
+ |5 a9 P0 _8 g5 I: c4 c3 V
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
3 X9 G+ _1 j! _% m, Z
8 {$ w' k2 q! X1 v
# x+ a' u5 p" \Actions by Consumers: y8 m' `4 V, o% q9 U
71. Consumers’ boycott
0 Q' B; _# R! w+ u m 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 z8 ]5 ~+ w+ z' _3 F( g% Z* _# I4 T 73. Policy of austerity0 [4 s- r+ o* v9 J
74. Rent withholding
1 x6 X2 }% X* Z" ~( L8 { 75. Refusal to rent
6 T9 X9 u3 \' e- u 76. National consumers’ boycott
, V: I% x8 A4 g2 G 77. International consumers’ boycott
$ s6 P% z$ ^$ R
7 j- ` x3 M. G6 DAction by Workers and Producers
8 `% j y5 f6 H0 W8 Y 78. Workmen’s boycott
9 y3 c+ e7 g5 Z& v" r7 c 79. Producers’ boycott1 Y; A$ i( r1 L5 n/ D
5 e1 }; ^% J) T! tAction by Middlemen8 }- A" U- s: f7 |4 M2 _& a5 c* ?* L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" V& T0 P; d1 E/ c+ _% {7 U7 ^, E% |. r! a
Action by Owners and Management. l' R: C( k9 _9 N1 {7 C6 ~# Y
81. Traders’ boycott
/ z+ D/ r9 `8 ?( a* e$ ^/ V6 \. Q# U4 [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 U, e& P3 u7 o 83. Lockout5 B% ^% `; N, C* M2 F) J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance" g0 \3 _# Y. y2 \2 [* S
85. Merchants’ “general strike” Q4 E5 g% K; q% j
; V0 z1 B" f" p. u; MAction by Holders of Financial Resources
$ s" M% U2 g: U7 j2 r+ r% Q 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits2 l' N; `, l' l: C- K) l
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ Y; p& a, |2 P
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% G |$ R8 |( Y3 ^& N- P6 ]4 B 89. Severance of funds and credit3 q$ D$ B: |% [. N
90. Revenue refusal
% h+ i$ g- Q- @- c/ u 91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 y$ [) ^+ e4 y. x$ j4 U+ s' B6 O( ?, o3 y' f: ^
Action by Governments3 Q: h& a1 f# K( N2 y/ ^6 }
92. Domestic embargo
" j9 C' `, n' m5 c- t' d$ `" ^ 93. Blacklisting of traders+ y) W5 ~/ ~9 |4 W1 y
94. International sellers’ embargo
2 a; a7 o% O! r, O! C0 f7 k( ^" Q 95. International buyers’ embargo
6 G: z, W+ ^, D/ }- m 96. International trade embargo2 O5 S* m# G5 v' r" |3 K+ v
9 V7 F9 r' ? W
A$ S/ L' t+ ]4 H" g) D2 F) ]" \% l* x4 j/ z% V
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; \2 z. a6 \& x s$ I, G
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! V6 w* q p* N. H: R5 v T2 ~Symbolic Strikes5 V' o& E8 |4 W1 w& n* J% K
97. Protest strike
# l# j+ H5 M x! k9 h& k/ b 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- e2 G2 z* r% n- Y; A* r3 v5 O( R* G4 o6 q
Agricultural Strikes
( E2 \: r* w' i+ H8 |& g 99. Peasant strike; }) ?! a, D1 _
100. Farm Workers’ strike: C, o7 V% L% Q! s# i1 Z
: [6 @2 u3 l, h$ ]9 Y! GStrikes by Special Groups+ c" G9 v# O* E& |1 z& `
101. Refusal of impressed labor: A2 D) V7 t! `& e
102. Prisoners’ strike# ^- c _5 v% C1 _( R- t
103. Craft strike. G. C! o, i7 H4 Z1 O
104. Professional strike
- _; y9 q" t3 @
- U; Q6 e- o# ^1 s' @8 ^# g# k5 uOrdinary Industrial Strikes2 z7 |7 d6 T8 @. f( M
105. Establishment strike
# F, `4 S4 a. `% c( j/ ? Z 106. Industry strike2 E2 n. V' s$ H+ R& C( `; d
107. Sympathetic strike
8 C# y$ M5 b9 A6 M4 h5 |* i
) Y' Z1 M. s3 _: M9 w+ h9 ]Restricted Strikes6 a! u0 W, e8 `; {. H; T
108. Detailed strike
$ q. r; L9 v0 p 109. Bumper strike
! B$ S8 U* ~' T/ V, x2 k 110. Slowdown strike4 G$ f8 S ]$ C* A" H" u. }: g2 O
111. Working-to-rule strike6 ~" p4 r5 z' W: F
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- g& ]# ~, D5 f4 Q9 w9 _2 `6 M+ y 113. Strike by resignation! ~( K& Z+ o O! b- B
114. Limited strike
- d6 d% L7 \8 h( q/ }, } 115. Selective strike
& t j' F _) D! Z; R8 F' Y
2 e$ m6 ~& b2 h% G, t7 @# ~Multi-Industry Strikes
! Q' M2 B8 i/ B! ^, d( d$ P; ]" x. n1 s
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike8 _, `0 E: X8 p6 Y0 X* S
( M% ^$ F9 @5 V c# Z) V, ^
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 B# a, N) n* g3 K" O0 K* h
) y0 e; t( k( |( o3 y 118. Hartal S. O& Z( k8 [: s
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119. Economic shutdown& S+ @; z4 \# A1 J1 ~9 w
% S% B# K, q3 C: i7 \: D% m0 c1 g 9 ~- k1 A" F# k4 B' ?# y" K
4 T' r ?& X+ e9 oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 N& m9 o) Q, u9 B" t5 s4 R , i6 R% V1 q# V4 k' B4 O+ R8 i$ g# ?. E
Rejection of Authority
) R6 }' |. Z `8 W% \$ d3 l 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: `2 s" X& W: d 121. Refusal of public support/ \ z- G4 |. k s
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 z4 y5 _& E+ R/ ]0 z9 @ s+ z' { {/ T% I9 s9 ?! q( W3 E
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ I4 Y1 x2 g/ F! w 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* I" V @3 a; Z) u+ p: g$ ^- j 124. Boycott of elections$ I1 R" ?) _ C5 B4 S \
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- m E/ m6 b) [9 U* o7 v 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 J0 N5 D, b& N# F- }# [. _ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 k* q) G: D- r! y/ A7 n6 U
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 t9 s- b3 m- |1 q7 B- i1 a 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 g6 a6 O u3 u0 W8 T- O" ]
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 w: O- l5 Q# F( Q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: {6 y$ \. [5 B, x; u
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 K% h9 {) H/ A7 ]$ v O! Q
- s" w2 p, m4 m u+ m9 Z8 BCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience- L# j- F( _- R; }+ v/ j
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ o0 i( W; q$ ]3 L% Y s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: }, v% j/ j! a( R" U
135. Popular nonobedience- X6 i9 S" Q6 I) T: O! _
136. Disguised disobedience
3 g9 K* L/ F* U 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' c6 s; }# P3 a3 f3 B* S
138. Sitdown; t- P/ h, x. j( e; I" O: j' s4 b+ ^% q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# j7 t4 V, Y" {/ e
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 u4 M8 z0 y9 S; O
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws/ n N- v! m0 P9 g- K0 b
P5 g( E: d5 k# G! A+ ~7 w2 LAction by Government Personnel$ l4 e' z* s. N0 j2 `
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 D& e3 m: k x( B5 ~9 i# ], u
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 p! y/ k0 e6 W( h 144. Stalling and obstruction& r) Y5 q. j7 }
145. General administrative noncooperation8 V- p; C* h9 I# L
/ k; e/ d+ u% a4 h+ q- e D 146. Judicial noncooperation! f0 v; O& ?/ N- j0 l* ]
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# |$ F' C. t, i$ L0 l2 ~ 148. Mutiny! W- { o8 l: v$ s# Y( O6 A/ c* J
Domestic Governmental Action1 Q4 U8 ]) m3 J# D0 h" x# B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& f5 {) t) Y' r0 [! _' { f 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 X8 A) e& H. u3 g3 {: k. Z- }7 V4 k: S: G+ M& s, [
International Governmental Action! o; |5 T, N+ L; z2 M% G8 a
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( k* a6 c* v/ L I2 R. W* L 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events t" ^2 a7 R0 g N: L$ l9 z$ {
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 i7 Y4 {4 Z! l& u/ }! X% \, V 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& q$ J! D, [! ^0 ^7 t8 w. e 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ l F! Z9 m+ j9 |( Z2 h4 g' H7 N 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, `$ ]8 z2 ?7 G- \+ p" T
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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# D3 B- S( K4 B! H( |
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 [! M- t8 k: r1 ]7 s% uPsychological Intervention. O7 Q! J8 m6 p$ f. s# V8 l( M
158. Self-exposure to the elements2 D w3 t7 s* t9 I% h# Y
159. The fast
& z. s% H' s+ A a) Fast of moral pressure$ p* ~9 p4 ?+ @6 r' Q
b) Hunger strike
2 q. l3 V( A9 Q- {) |7 l/ t c) Satyagrahic fast
O5 `1 L! Q; M. V" @2 w) c 160. Reverse trial; q1 h4 E7 |+ R X8 t8 R0 m
161. Nonviolent harassment
- j# X e4 C' f
# \! A3 z( I1 _* |Physical Intervention
+ Z6 Y& T) v+ |) F8 R- C7 L! [2 A 162. Sit-in+ @/ t, L8 |/ b D0 C
163. Stand-in
. M/ E3 { v5 G* C 164. Ride-in1 s% d& M5 G4 X) C. W" S6 L \
165. Wade-in r; f8 ~, f# N6 L" u R) i6 o5 n
166. Mill-in
w1 j }9 O& r- p( f( q8 [ 167. Pray-in
r# Y" U5 I+ F9 S; b" z1 _) G 168. Nonviolent raids
8 T! N- j( w" j+ p* C( n 169. Nonviolent air raids7 c+ u" q! |# _ `/ U
170. Nonviolent invasion ?% I. Y1 e5 Y: ?' s% W
171. Nonviolent interjection1 S# w7 P- j1 ^
172. Nonviolent obstruction
: W( `5 ^0 U5 E4 h1 P$ M2 i 173. Nonviolent occupation4 a2 G! S8 R6 V* v% o/ y: s/ a2 q
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Social Intervention
8 ~ `: H" f! j 174. Establishing new social patterns
- P: ^6 c1 p5 F) `5 a9 G 175. Overloading of facilities
6 l2 o+ ], u: F1 d5 m 176. Stall-in6 e* O6 C, W0 F
177. Speak-in6 U1 Q- \( Y/ A4 Y0 Q: _: R
178. Guerrilla theater i$ D/ M; `% D9 w5 f- R, u2 {
179. Alternative social institutions5 a+ \6 L) S7 j3 J8 r8 m) X
180. Alternative communication system. K/ P) [, m5 Q' P
/ P% e4 C1 Q" D3 a/ ]4 BEconomic Intervention
/ a% U9 Y% d v& P/ k, L, E 181. Reverse strike
! i m0 ?0 |2 Y1 Y 182. Stay-in strike
. E4 q( \( \' C9 f, a3 s5 E 183. Nonviolent land seizure1 o) E* D7 p! N' c* o
184. Defiance of blockades0 ~* \$ I! _2 |/ S% Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: R# d* \. P4 j 186. Preclusive purchasing
4 S' ]; ?) h; D9 O7 s4 i 187. Seizure of assets* E. v) J, `0 a
188. Dumping; ]6 [$ P! P. f
189. Selective patronage) w: c! P) B) E; B3 W- ~
190. Alternative markets
# ^9 ~/ U- [) A" w c `1 h) T 191. Alternative transportation systems# ]4 R! j. \9 h; y5 c1 T+ d$ W, q
192. Alternative economic institutions2 q& U6 Y2 g; n
/ i, h, P2 i9 tPolitical Intervention2 v$ C* l. p( \& X6 }7 W
193. Overloading of administrative systems5 |: Z- v$ N- P2 e1 @5 D* e
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& \/ J1 O- `$ ~4 q: L& q& B 195. Seeking imprisonment
5 ^- h' Y+ r+ N 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 f. i1 b) m4 d9 V- f& g& x# Y3 w 197. Work-on without collaboration: M R7 v3 [1 H9 _8 C0 m2 S
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
