 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' P9 ^3 s0 \) N% S a4 D; ^$ G7 J
Formal Statements. x8 i5 Y5 [8 j* Q
1. Public Speeches* w) j# ` `+ e1 Q
2. Letters of opposition or support, M; [$ u! s' f6 b ]1 l
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' O- l. X& }/ f9 Z \
4. Signed public statements+ o4 h$ G9 X0 A
5. Declarations of indictment and intention: G+ u6 o( U4 v$ i4 l/ I
6. Group or mass petitions
. O8 G: t* y3 b/ R9 S% v0 u/ Y2 P5 v& n
Communications with a Wider Audience
9 D9 b0 U6 P, \/ ^$ m* x) o* s 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, |, h6 H; A/ L& Z/ B$ K8 a) T 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ {$ P" X% b. Y7 v9 j1 f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# h, M2 D$ f+ ^6 z" ~- R c 10. Newspapers and journals
* E! |; K$ c' B# O 11. Records, radio, and television
, j8 g A1 b( o/ i 12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ d: O/ q* S. e
8 U* M, G4 D. f( a5 t& w+ Q* T
Group Representations7 z( V& }5 C4 l1 X9 d/ a ?, o
13. Deputations
: z/ w$ F0 b5 L) W$ J 14. Mock awards7 ?4 g4 [$ b( O1 G1 {* A: }( G
15. Group lobbying
* `! R7 x, M% o' p' m8 g 16. Picketing
9 M* ^; n) a$ H R( b; Y& U6 T 17. Mock elections: ^ h9 |6 s; E# } ^- U
: s6 i6 Z7 X( r' H5 iSymbolic Public Acts7 @/ I4 I2 _/ y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 w1 r+ y" r! t3 w# U1 ] 19. Wearing of symbols
0 |' Q; g: h* \) ] 20. Prayer and worship
# m# H# ^, V7 U- l 21. Delivering symbolic objects5 U0 L7 i( i: n/ i
22. Protest disrobings" M' `/ L) n, F5 Z3 u$ {6 N5 K
23. Destruction of own property
# W- Y; k. v0 C 24. Symbolic lights5 J5 Q3 _/ }+ w( a2 m
25. Displays of portraits
3 d6 x" c' ?# |- G! ~% y$ J 26. Paint as protest
- j' o! w3 V ` 27. New signs and names
% y, ~# |5 |, N4 J 28. Symbolic sounds2 `! A+ U4 [5 r. N' r0 B
29. Symbolic reclamations
5 X6 }1 K" x- ~* Z 30. Rude gestures
( g: P+ G k4 E* d4 X; {! B( P, c; o+ p q" z" h9 D
Pressures on Individuals9 J$ B6 q8 ^9 M) r; U
31. “Haunting” officials
) x" H- N9 e) s$ U2 S 32. Taunting officials
$ I+ c. g9 U' {1 u7 z- I0 p) W9 T 33. Fraternization
. @) s+ s! g$ J( | 34. Vigils
' w. y) O$ _6 J$ S | n+ R9 R
* d/ Q8 c; F& i3 aDrama and Music
5 h5 Q* `" a) f% F) v 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 a( M; s( c7 y2 Z
36. Performances of plays and music$ _; A& @3 A. G0 D4 Y/ j
37. Singing) \' U% x' u Z
' o& \) [* n6 \# o, m
Processions, p7 R/ p$ W" e7 N
38. Marches1 r$ t& i( X1 O7 C5 }2 D8 y
39. Parades, T) {# y5 r, Q! w% A
40. Religious processions( u, n8 p) Z/ p4 e" l) x
41. Pilgrimages0 W8 O6 p+ V1 O0 ?
42. Motorcades
8 B2 X* i) }. |3 c" S4 i+ a+ |4 i# o5 `. ^% M5 O. T
Honoring the Dead
V p" |: p: }9 }7 U9 b 43. Political mourning- I! g; G6 H# ]! n
44. Mock funerals
C! t- P. ~$ B& D2 `, W. c 45. Demonstrative funerals" R" c I9 _0 U
46. Homage at burial places4 v* F& z X3 {* ~ [2 e
, q$ @1 l3 @ R5 x' a8 h8 J. |Public Assemblies
1 Z( Z1 W! L9 o 47. Assemblies of protest or support' a% L7 `5 ^4 `" T2 Q
48. Protest meetings
( V9 u; r' H; D8 L$ s" o 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& F( o' [1 D" S c5 q( J8 I
50. Teach-ins
+ {1 o$ _( @) m5 Y: K6 @; C }7 Q% A# T& ^8 }- \
Withdrawal and Renunciation
" i7 q8 P! F* v* a9 y! d 51. Walk-outs
$ R7 K& D2 `% v 52. Silence) |6 u! p' u1 w! U2 j
53. Renouncing honors
) f' q6 W# W0 }+ ~- a 54. Turning one’s back
, f* |( D7 I9 w8 x; |0 |- e5 M8 x& Z6 d
' G" ?) Z M: b! ~% Y2 E: K* p9 X
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 A+ o; y+ i% [- q
, I5 O M/ B5 k, @9 l" j
0 n, r2 M5 R+ m o4 \
; u9 |# L+ l1 ZOstracism of Persons
3 y6 n+ E, \$ {6 [* ~# C! O% ? 55. Social boycott# E, T( k2 s8 }- o, w6 c
56. Selective social boycott
; r" G" D7 R6 H- M2 `) E/ l 57. Lysistratic nonaction( X$ s8 o5 b1 T1 H/ p& t) s
58. Excommunication, b5 N7 V0 [+ V! ]
59. Interdict
: V, B$ @$ u. ?: K3 u- P9 B6 ~. W5 D F
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) J6 _; t2 Z: W 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 v4 L- Z, a: U* ~; a! h' ^: x 61. Boycott of social affairs" m# N7 b: _. w" ]3 ?6 y; c
62. Student strike
6 E4 g6 M' `6 Y# B1 s 63. Social disobedience8 n1 x! z! g% o% o
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 O: G* g. D% i' S4 O( b: `0 T% R$ y, T" D8 F0 o9 D' e$ {+ P
Withdrawal from the Social System. o8 J6 [% q% J m1 X. G7 b3 q
65. Stay-at-home
6 z& h% i0 P& E% E1 w. s: g$ {% g 66. Total personal noncooperation( P0 p8 n) u0 W6 f2 }4 a$ _
67. “Flight” of workers
- T! V" o2 C- w" [$ o$ e4 k 68. Sanctuary/ K$ B5 C g, G! W1 Z
69. Collective disappearance& S; R2 t% H/ |. g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& N( x: `5 d& e( _' E5 H
% k7 O0 g$ y0 |) g! Y2 N3 {3 c5 `
# L% B- _' j3 y, P0 b8 B! w% ?
3 U+ f% ?- Q8 V. |$ ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" T- K0 w0 g2 {9 P# r
3 Q. d0 m$ b* t$ w5 H ! r/ c: O. r& g5 Y/ P. }
Actions by Consumers
* A/ r# a) f7 P 71. Consumers’ boycott. W" }. Z! _2 C
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% X( H; ^4 a9 ~6 Q0 b. Q0 h% y. J
73. Policy of austerity# C/ q" T. {& W' L+ y3 M
74. Rent withholding- f+ X( @' k! R$ I9 O
75. Refusal to rent
' I: i5 ?# |& F7 X! _, L* d 76. National consumers’ boycott7 j2 R! R# w3 A# ~
77. International consumers’ boycott$ p9 H0 A1 ]/ G. W
# U; h" `2 w( U! G1 B; VAction by Workers and Producers
# p/ V: b+ ?$ y4 u+ ^ 78. Workmen’s boycott
: y- w9 E+ c) n6 i0 U }, S4 H 79. Producers’ boycott4 @9 s# t3 _' z; ~8 ^* B; n
" H m' V4 S% m( w; j( v
Action by Middlemen
0 h7 G6 h5 g/ t" e 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. v5 F" j1 ^8 Y) i* d3 F3 U& C5 B
4 U& a L' ]* K. n% M3 \
Action by Owners and Management1 g& w9 u, `/ d. m& W& f
81. Traders’ boycott J) k9 W5 d# M7 A9 O
82. Refusal to let or sell property) k2 ^8 P3 m3 ~ v3 Q8 A1 J! }) Z" h
83. Lockout1 P- `. I0 O. z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 ] `0 {5 v {5 A% k 85. Merchants’ “general strike”! n$ f" B8 j7 R2 K) W6 z6 e
J% o; o6 @1 N: }3 A5 v9 i
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. I3 F) i- k- F& {9 ~8 Q 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ _9 {, Q/ Y, ]2 K9 V) J 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; f) T% C" \2 g _- W- K7 _
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ B' f; a$ N2 {1 ]2 W: k 89. Severance of funds and credit
; W$ H1 d3 P; c, q0 d8 r2 M 90. Revenue refusal0 @8 a! o5 W6 Y
91. Refusal of a government’s money1 k. I$ p6 j( o) y
. A( [3 g0 ^: K8 o
Action by Governments& w |' a5 a6 u$ ^: o$ w
92. Domestic embargo$ R9 U% c9 g. w3 `9 x. m- V- f+ I
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 I5 x" |- J) z! e2 h7 n1 r 94. International sellers’ embargo
# `) o+ }: q6 s2 U2 Z2 l 95. International buyers’ embargo! z1 r Q$ F( P7 ?
96. International trade embargo& B6 O7 A+ e% @, u; o: O/ F& w: _
, r# H: M* c! u V' Y
+ X9 | ]2 G7 b6 G" H7 e6 L+ U, J0 @
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 q9 D+ [' i2 I1 x: S. j3 T0 f* Z- r, F$ b' s7 V! V
- L, B/ u; t4 L5 ~Symbolic Strikes& M3 k/ z5 b' Q( f
97. Protest strike
$ \+ R& F [8 l# C0 h; I 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ n3 i& s( L' }" o; l5 i
& i- x4 r! e6 n: L; ^
Agricultural Strikes
# m- r- M8 h, c5 R 99. Peasant strike
1 Z) p' q9 }) N1 X" S7 L 100. Farm Workers’ strike
% A$ @, _# L5 U+ n) A( J" s$ W, I; z& {# q7 a: Q) Z/ U# @
Strikes by Special Groups# i m$ _* B: Y; N6 I; O1 Q
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ x K( @" v+ D# Q0 `2 O8 N 102. Prisoners’ strike( `+ y* x5 x/ U. j8 D
103. Craft strike; I2 `0 D2 f7 k+ z
104. Professional strike1 T X# o) r$ T3 L
- F* o/ u- y& G( j0 y0 [; y, J/ r
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ c; o9 j" |! q
105. Establishment strike
% W. f* X0 A' u$ o& O9 w 106. Industry strike+ Z6 }/ |6 J, b5 V
107. Sympathetic strike4 k: ?& Z3 ?6 Y/ g* F, u
% x( _1 S7 J8 l- a$ [0 ]/ jRestricted Strikes
: \' ~ D6 E4 ]. o 108. Detailed strike# h9 s4 J4 f3 ?( c' c) J: O0 {
109. Bumper strike# y+ P) `/ x- d% }4 _6 \9 r& D
110. Slowdown strike
+ `0 E6 F# V$ M! q5 B 111. Working-to-rule strike
& i% E& l2 E9 |. g/ I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' t- ?$ B6 n3 ^ J. d1 @/ ?
113. Strike by resignation
' {" X$ J( K0 r) x# O8 ~ 114. Limited strike
, c. Q$ t4 m% {0 I! p* S7 q8 S7 X" T 115. Selective strike, |4 M6 n( C7 N: T. x. T9 g& D
8 z- z2 e8 |( JMulti-Industry Strikes1 I: B5 g2 G" }) I$ M! t
: R% ^2 j- U" ~2 z
116. Generalized strike" N/ e, G- \* m* j6 e
& T8 Z" h3 O7 E7 q, A 117. General strike
/ @; Q" `9 h; k; f8 f1 i
2 U$ E, q1 V v; `9 B, V6 CCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ x) e9 R$ g) E V3 J/ L
/ s. i; f8 {+ }4 o% D( M 118. Hartal
. I! f9 b8 I; D0 w; B, s/ V
8 u9 w" p- K/ A# A, g 119. Economic shutdown, T, @( }: M$ ` x# k. j
) S* k# z' ] Z: ^: C) @
M. n0 e; F3 s+ V( K8 ^8 J: m
9 A6 Y' k \7 |6 h( k; F( Q, fTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION3 l) |* D7 o* y6 j( }' C
( L" T# b0 q; E" `, q6 r# b
! M7 W2 j) p5 \5 a. tRejection of Authority
- m/ ?* r% Q6 B6 S$ } 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: H1 {. d$ j: |) L0 U
121. Refusal of public support. Q/ k Y+ j) N6 |* D' i
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- }% H8 D r. F0 E
/ u B' S% A& i1 jCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 N( }) D' i3 U2 n' z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: d1 B0 `( d1 _5 x+ l
124. Boycott of elections1 \" y% m4 R2 E/ u5 [; s0 S' }, d F
125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 r! G9 @3 L. S+ F# ]9 i
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies8 X0 J9 d( q3 e
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 N e+ T8 t" n) j 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 W6 Q: T0 D! `6 W- z/ p5 w/ L8 B 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 W' h& _) F6 R# i 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& h7 w( L0 u% T F# O3 V* m6 f* [
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials5 z3 h! N! L2 s2 |1 Q! F) H6 F: E2 q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
; @) ~$ K8 n4 z; s+ ]) I* G% V8 T3 w/ b: c3 E
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 V8 x# Y1 t$ @9 x! }
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: R3 T& [ s" ?/ B 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 `5 L( l' V! Y- L 135. Popular nonobedience
- `* z7 K9 Q+ ^8 J# x4 h- | 136. Disguised disobedience8 A" V- P7 S- ?" x% d! i
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, Z6 ^. a8 A, b9 b: p$ o6 F9 T
138. Sitdown
/ @1 e: b- D. F+ Q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; l% S# q5 `8 z( R' D) t( a 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 n) R6 t8 j2 E
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 D( P9 R7 `5 t3 m1 s0 T- i0 s% l8 O; n9 Y7 C. A' B
Action by Government Personnel( m- C6 I5 M6 f d6 h
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 B7 q! |+ z# ?5 ^! q/ Y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 _6 h9 e2 \) t/ V* r; d& b
144. Stalling and obstruction1 d" h" ?+ E" }& Q: y: J, Z
145. General administrative noncooperation
6 H: C# V( P( T: n/ X. F$ j& R1 W" T0 V; B5 m/ B1 |
146. Judicial noncooperation
0 }. G+ }5 v; m2 A 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! `1 `/ Q% R/ n) T
148. Mutiny8 U& `* b9 J7 o7 p2 d2 z
Domestic Governmental Action% h: n0 x. U, C
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ m, g' I5 T, W4 | w1 C
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. n6 o$ `) S( J# J
% R: p" r) G) i
International Governmental Action- ~+ J. A* K. e; a% }: j+ ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ g/ R) B' w/ y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" s+ m2 I( D" _ ^5 X) I 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 o* w: ?* Z0 U8 O: Z& [! u b$ S( w0 O
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
; x9 h5 A. I* N: x) A 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 b+ ^. K% h9 H: {9 h: |
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* z" y+ y1 H" o 157. Expulsion from international organizations
* A" V/ a/ [9 c/ A% z+ \9 m
% `( y! ]# v( B. t : g' o+ n& W4 e. B: `- a/ [- Z
: |: J0 `) c$ ?' d8 G, VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
6 [9 S3 n. |$ ^7 D3 p( ?, }5 A5 X, z% V4 ?
# M- ~/ m |. \6 o
Psychological Intervention. w+ k+ n( r8 z S! o4 G/ v1 {
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 k5 }) e3 W4 K% g$ w8 Q 159. The fast' o/ P: Q6 Q" ~6 P( ?: E3 p
a) Fast of moral pressure
A0 v( G: g) q H& I6 I+ n# ` b) Hunger strike# V( X6 q. o; {" q
c) Satyagrahic fast, W! P( p) o. I0 a' M9 H6 l: }
160. Reverse trial! t: Q! K$ v1 X* \
161. Nonviolent harassment% J1 S# z) u- b' P# |* v D
2 i; ]+ Y9 w, \ G- U; `# |
Physical Intervention
- V# U) H- K3 G8 M 162. Sit-in
8 f& E, U* n. i3 D9 Q5 ~ 163. Stand-in
* E' \: _5 C u8 @7 ~ 164. Ride-in$ L1 v- E9 `* R2 w! ~
165. Wade-in
1 h0 H, ]& b5 c3 g! P% v% | 166. Mill-in0 ?1 N# X- b. X. |6 D) J$ Y* Y, k
167. Pray-in
: ^( o# c% y3 {: h: X! w$ y3 { 168. Nonviolent raids' B6 w# k1 u! p0 I
169. Nonviolent air raids
4 k9 x2 |% t. J, I5 k3 N4 F) G% U; P 170. Nonviolent invasion C: j! X0 B: m
171. Nonviolent interjection
* i. A: X/ x* D 172. Nonviolent obstruction0 Q, X7 V" e* q7 y$ b+ p
173. Nonviolent occupation
) d! L5 g- i# M( f2 x; Z. P
3 l; S- h+ P6 k0 CSocial Intervention
8 M& o9 L- F% Z' }) ^0 g 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ P; N0 I9 z8 j* y$ u, C 175. Overloading of facilities
: D8 W/ S3 C, W5 \ 176. Stall-in. h; e: ~8 R( g" Q& C
177. Speak-in9 O& N5 l. A+ s3 t& H2 B- i! e
178. Guerrilla theater* x$ M0 q7 B+ N7 b! }
179. Alternative social institutions
7 H9 F" D% w+ H& t 180. Alternative communication system: Y; @! O u" p @- e
7 ]$ E3 B) u( A7 y! C
Economic Intervention2 N, E) c d: T& g6 n
181. Reverse strike
8 c1 U7 V, P& [ u- X( V) @ 182. Stay-in strike7 n/ p9 h8 A( E
183. Nonviolent land seizure: n4 B9 R$ n) c/ P7 F2 I; J
184. Defiance of blockades
e: Z8 c0 j7 Z. x9 _ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 v3 u$ l8 }% Y* E) k 186. Preclusive purchasing% B) a. `! i3 q& {. T3 z
187. Seizure of assets
) l) o- L1 t+ U 188. Dumping
7 ^! Y) O! r; y3 c& Y$ R, j 189. Selective patronage! a- Y9 `" d, J7 \+ z, P
190. Alternative markets
) P; U$ g, |; K- _( ?) C$ U 191. Alternative transportation systems# L' [0 {1 [' B" _. a$ o. |! M q
192. Alternative economic institutions
/ [) B2 Y( i. {* Y1 f4 ^/ e+ f1 @. k. o! V2 ?/ D0 s' o+ n" m
Political Intervention
" w1 d" }. }1 k5 E 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% z c& n" e+ r$ a9 s1 z9 V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- i) N/ d0 n7 y 195. Seeking imprisonment
' t8 Q; i5 T+ z* N0 {% t! G$ T 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ W$ X; y& \% y. l0 E# R7 i1 \
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 U" ]2 q$ E( O/ B' X 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government5 w* p, h7 m* s
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
