 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- i9 `: u) ~3 I& h, R1 F. G+ o6 R; hFormal Statements5 D3 G! r1 X( c' C! \2 X
1. Public Speeches
5 U. J# s3 R) \1 p, l, L4 C: l9 I: C 2. Letters of opposition or support
! O+ ~% \9 ]9 {# B, N) J# K6 J 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 B/ v# M e; E* }- D0 A( s 4. Signed public statements
8 Y! _, T0 H0 R4 @1 U6 N 5. Declarations of indictment and intention# t& H0 g/ E8 K) e1 Z7 J7 E* G; [
6. Group or mass petitions
: F6 Q7 [4 ?% h3 G$ c" J# Z
6 \* f( ^2 @7 y" ZCommunications with a Wider Audience" }$ x& d$ ^ E. h
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) T5 w6 W) ?% [) e0 O3 K 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 r; S* C* z+ w, \' o 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 r% d& t r; i8 x" h2 u x6 V& r 10. Newspapers and journals
) g* z4 j! J/ l/ W: X 11. Records, radio, and television
" d- G7 C" d- W- G; A" \/ I& r 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" H s; X, G6 O4 x) m
6 Z9 c% D- T5 n9 {4 H! T/ JGroup Representations( |4 Y- E9 |! {2 F0 d' I
13. Deputations
7 ^# v4 Z6 i+ O. D* I! u; p 14. Mock awards1 g3 E( D/ _$ o. h+ f1 Y9 D; a
15. Group lobbying
3 Q# j7 Y- x3 [7 W' J1 A 16. Picketing5 p9 `3 k0 Y2 p$ G: ?
17. Mock elections4 i5 x2 R; p+ N1 x. ^- G1 C8 E: P) q
8 T6 x. G9 I3 U9 p/ I. A
Symbolic Public Acts
3 O- X: Q s/ D# |3 Z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: Z" D" u6 s; M6 p' N
19. Wearing of symbols
' l. ]0 E) J) h. z/ m2 k 20. Prayer and worship9 j" j/ w8 Z& h9 X" H6 ^: z b
21. Delivering symbolic objects% o3 y+ c4 L! A" o( a
22. Protest disrobings
3 W9 B) o* ~4 ]* T9 D; F5 B 23. Destruction of own property8 d, P. p8 Z; g0 V7 g& r5 w
24. Symbolic lights
& W* a5 ?7 V; V: B2 \3 V 25. Displays of portraits
; Y5 g7 v; g* z 26. Paint as protest
& O7 `8 _$ }$ h `4 w 27. New signs and names# ~8 p8 E3 n* l
28. Symbolic sounds3 p& ?) `8 [* U5 f- ~* C3 C: U4 l
29. Symbolic reclamations3 T1 _3 H. {' m. a1 D
30. Rude gestures( m' p4 T( h: g6 P& ^. A; K6 b
% ~' }# v) ]8 Z0 V6 K) g9 ~9 M3 EPressures on Individuals0 t( _+ ~0 E- X5 L) y& ]
31. “Haunting” officials' T3 A# C/ p4 _
32. Taunting officials) p. o+ \. T7 l8 q1 Z0 w
33. Fraternization
: b! E6 X$ {& E1 n 34. Vigils6 {( n2 E* g8 C. X8 F
, _! p! e: i1 }+ U5 |$ B+ [
Drama and Music- S* z" P0 k( Z8 [$ J
35. Humorous skits and pranks2 r \. n9 `4 T: z* `6 I
36. Performances of plays and music
4 b% a( B" d8 g7 _" C+ \' _1 j 37. Singing
/ ^" J) M4 }$ q4 f: D3 N: L: S% l
Processions
. F7 o5 \5 q2 N+ o! H: d 38. Marches
5 l0 ~* { I/ k$ H; L 39. Parades4 D; r6 V: P) k
40. Religious processions
5 t5 D5 ~0 Q9 V3 g6 _ 41. Pilgrimages
; ?5 Y U2 ^; ]% m. u7 A 42. Motorcades+ q" \. b9 r K) F3 G! D
. v9 e% l: a+ K- ^; i6 t
Honoring the Dead
- k: M/ _# a& P7 h* Z1 {' c6 ~ 43. Political mourning
* O* X6 }, A7 K8 L% K6 { 44. Mock funerals
0 X% t* i( o+ J 45. Demonstrative funerals4 y! l) |' S/ {- t
46. Homage at burial places: v# U+ ~0 T, D3 Q3 p
" Y% h* b0 m5 Z$ HPublic Assemblies
9 O( l2 ?8 ?% \. Z 47. Assemblies of protest or support6 `: u4 c6 r Y, p
48. Protest meetings- a% c- V9 B. N- P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
d$ u1 W: S- ^1 N- W$ {8 d7 ` 50. Teach-ins
$ T' U) I# n8 t7 l0 m% }0 U
) M1 N, V1 T! jWithdrawal and Renunciation
7 a0 ~+ g j$ u% R 51. Walk-outs
$ e9 ^6 w! X) g2 y4 C 52. Silence( H d. F3 J! c7 W8 @
53. Renouncing honors
& Z" A# E6 j' Z6 a4 Y# q) @( J8 \ 54. Turning one’s back
4 y$ w' P5 v5 l& q O+ ]: a; Y
+ W3 w, Z/ r% }1 { 5 Y( E9 M! a9 y5 e
$ p! u) v7 _# {3 f
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
( ~5 p, S) H6 ^4 K1 C
N, n j0 p0 N7 s' R: G' w) O
6 e( G9 f; z X$ M( M8 G( Z3 t/ E: u2 k. P K: E. p" Y
Ostracism of Persons$ [5 h1 C Z% ]2 K$ @: v+ c ^
55. Social boycott$ u* y$ @+ M$ O, y2 \. u4 N) j! E
56. Selective social boycott% ~0 a* R) N+ m/ f0 u1 f) ^
57. Lysistratic nonaction3 p; A7 I7 j& v9 M, t1 y
58. Excommunication2 j* O8 L4 d9 Y% k
59. Interdict
4 u/ D1 l- {6 R9 d. v, D7 p
) h2 B2 z( w: m4 ^5 aNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ f! ~6 B5 K f# b0 J; X' L* h
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! _$ `5 n, l, [3 h& u$ X 61. Boycott of social affairs" ~1 p+ l; n8 w/ w3 h
62. Student strike
2 ^* j3 C, U5 L1 I; z6 g 63. Social disobedience- u* Q, J, g0 w3 D9 z6 ~
64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 E6 r1 p1 w: R% B
! U' @8 _8 _7 e2 M
Withdrawal from the Social System" F9 i+ r% M! [
65. Stay-at-home0 N8 a. @+ J3 E% f- ]) t7 d% ?
66. Total personal noncooperation$ t" [/ @1 t3 Q3 E, ^ N# q& I
67. “Flight” of workers
0 ]# p) R( z" O& e3 i# a6 M7 I+ N 68. Sanctuary
% G5 f( V2 C( N5 Q( \' n 69. Collective disappearance
7 i4 [* N9 M; ~ }3 N* J, J+ F8 i 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ j) f' B, i, O/ N. u) z, v4 \
& `9 y( e- i) ?5 ]: z+ ]: m
1 n7 @ P. e& O* e9 z1 y1 U) F+ w. x
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
% n; C, [6 x8 o6 j) C# i) P# L) \
U7 _- ?$ s4 V4 T
Actions by Consumers. R& V6 B. W# k' ]9 q) S2 a
71. Consumers’ boycott$ }- h& S7 b$ u7 o
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" _* ~, Y1 {0 U h- q; E; ?/ {- P
73. Policy of austerity6 _* C+ M) A/ s$ ?2 G
74. Rent withholding
" m. Q% t/ k5 k% y% d 75. Refusal to rent( F) Q0 g* R+ C; z% J; V
76. National consumers’ boycott
8 E5 H" M; I8 l/ o 77. International consumers’ boycott1 r# N, F3 F0 b% J" M# |. G6 `
. ?- ~+ Y7 W: b+ J5 |Action by Workers and Producers
6 @1 u, z- u7 k' a# q# g: T' @ 78. Workmen’s boycott+ D7 k9 K: ~" T- ]% |
79. Producers’ boycott
4 S! I; |, U L7 u2 Q
' k' O7 V2 s C- {# h, rAction by Middlemen! A, H# I# G9 S5 h% S
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& o8 Y3 i, \# N. k3 Q% a; S# X+ C& Q& @0 ^; G* i6 G8 I! F' I
Action by Owners and Management# y3 Q7 ?2 @7 ^* _0 a
81. Traders’ boycott7 [+ H% Y# q. a C( w$ f
82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 |/ K$ V W C5 b8 }3 D 83. Lockout- E' @7 K( E* T) ~& u1 D/ Z$ O6 z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 m1 A; b0 u& G 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' [! d1 ]+ ~! c) Y6 i2 u; A3 T) p8 E
6 z! [3 k% r) \8 Z$ P. ?" @9 }Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 M- W8 }: l* \/ t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 u; e( W w- F; B+ a
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: X9 r8 y' }( }2 J9 M) R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ l5 Q2 I2 Z6 o$ v6 x5 T1 r 89. Severance of funds and credit4 B* S) w& b/ k v
90. Revenue refusal
2 t( u6 ?0 r' b# s( Y! E: ~( k 91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 A4 ?2 x4 A \" t* \! z# p; W# o: w, d% m, X8 v6 ~
Action by Governments/ o4 Q! w2 K6 m
92. Domestic embargo6 G% N" F- F4 T& ] u
93. Blacklisting of traders7 z) B h% j ?: a9 B' Z: D
94. International sellers’ embargo
, k0 X( _: \0 ~" C* J7 I% Q- S 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ ?' K6 u% o! j2 V G 96. International trade embargo
z- ]0 E; ?0 s$ h
0 z% \; p( R8 ^% \7 C( j 7 C3 P5 w6 d0 Z$ c" c6 b
" V$ ]% B! F+ D" s" m5 V" LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE* _# q2 z7 c, `/ U" [( u2 k
8 [# G9 }7 c( G& r6 z
- ^7 Z1 z- X" a2 ]4 G. _9 RSymbolic Strikes
! _* `! q7 G" m# O' Z B1 l& _5 Y) G 97. Protest strike) \2 I! K, H) u* A" @
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 A5 C4 P& d* ^# V" R6 y* b
1 w9 `6 q) D& j* X2 C
Agricultural Strikes" B5 q7 H$ D( K6 O7 Z! P
99. Peasant strike$ R: u9 t& M& p g. L0 x, U
100. Farm Workers’ strike9 H+ _ w2 j( @" @, j E
8 o9 k, l/ E4 ~. O: PStrikes by Special Groups; ]- `8 i5 X9 w! }, p
101. Refusal of impressed labor
[/ W( F3 f% h" } 102. Prisoners’ strike
# `9 C' q2 N7 U/ q& j7 D$ x 103. Craft strike& f5 O, L3 g7 m* W: Q3 t
104. Professional strike+ z" h( k" k- ^7 u6 \% p. G
' E- t+ T! ^& I$ I( H; w
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ Y4 K1 S' M: O: J 105. Establishment strike1 G! [1 }4 \. ]
106. Industry strike
, H/ x: F( _' P( S& G& ?& H7 c# o 107. Sympathetic strike9 v2 U# D2 E3 d* X9 D
# A7 {* I9 V6 b% w; j1 {9 c
Restricted Strikes
6 L" q1 D5 F2 F 108. Detailed strike6 D) q" Z" q" o; Y( ~1 O, t
109. Bumper strike
- b, f* b% L. b* K 110. Slowdown strike" H/ R' T$ [* i; @
111. Working-to-rule strike
. L; B, {: _- J3 d 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* t p! L) n; a7 @ 113. Strike by resignation
: H4 c( c5 ~ a2 p7 M7 t$ c 114. Limited strike7 [* E/ M- Q2 F) G2 M
115. Selective strike; y. e" `! a: B, m6 a; x: f
0 G. m) \, x; v$ F6 l6 cMulti-Industry Strikes, Z3 S K0 |' q# W
5 p& M5 |* i! | ~
116. Generalized strike
; ^% u# r8 n* E3 U/ [" H/ j" ^5 {: _$ c$ V- n9 w/ N
117. General strike" ]4 I9 V0 |) B% M9 x
C8 N* }8 @2 G7 o# t
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 u7 h# ?) G; L3 Z$ X. X. S
$ o/ l& G5 A* g& |4 [
118. Hartal. _0 g5 q; u, g2 z& B. j: p! t
5 k \2 E. @4 Y
119. Economic shutdown
A/ S- }+ l E! q q$ t, T& v% }* x+ ~* {# t% m
! B" U) r/ L, X$ n3 N
8 h3 J0 I& R- c l
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
' K4 A" x, h- f
& f+ g" n5 X( u; o
1 q0 [' m) w2 f7 g- ~( JRejection of Authority
# E# h9 r8 b. T) @- R 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. J* K& K+ Y( q4 ^# ` 121. Refusal of public support* X' F4 R4 M. c4 M" H! ^) w( r( |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 ~2 Y' R X( l
0 V; p* w$ N+ E Y" v$ u' I
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 K& C3 H0 P# U1 q$ }
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" q* P+ S0 s: Y: p* p 124. Boycott of elections; K8 r' u) M3 c2 c2 r' ?2 m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions: X m2 b( A1 K, }% W' R
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% h/ I0 U/ E1 I. f3 k
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% o4 `+ J% x0 i% F a3 {
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: A3 e$ h. A( o- L
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% V5 g, m3 ~+ w2 W" R 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 L/ Y& {$ V9 X4 p3 w* C/ ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 R5 O' W1 B3 L( X+ A$ c0 {
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 z, B5 r* H8 [9 Z) i$ ~( p* d% y' x6 `/ _" j! q
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 X# z' L: `* d5 V 133. Reluctant and slow compliance% z) G: v* t/ \: m) ?- V* s) t
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! z) I- M! s n. ] 135. Popular nonobedience
# y6 [# S0 } R- i) l4 K( ? 136. Disguised disobedience
0 Q" H) j1 g" }1 [% u& C/ R. ~ ` 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- c- P4 `) \$ e* U( H+ L
138. Sitdown
$ P! \/ y8 @6 T9 D 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! Y2 |& A6 r5 O E1 z) Z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- S4 Y: b) ~& N8 N0 J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
W1 N" n( Z+ k( ?
0 R$ }; \4 D5 D% [" o/ z2 i% OAction by Government Personnel
, F$ W# l: M3 B2 j8 }! Q; U# V 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* I' X0 _* Z- \3 Z) S
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 q- `# g+ |, C7 Q1 w# E8 W
144. Stalling and obstruction( G( H/ E$ [) h5 p% a. P
145. General administrative noncooperation) z. x2 l# ~' j$ r% V2 E$ y
/ l m! y: ]: M$ K7 ~6 d 146. Judicial noncooperation
5 _) Q9 \# y' I( e; U- c$ _ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 b2 U6 H" [! D" d 148. Mutiny, b9 Y5 I6 e& {) Y; ?- ]
Domestic Governmental Action
. h, R k0 [, q7 s. r7 i 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! }; t' p/ _$ P: p$ t. w$ }. l 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 G3 M' p9 x O" [% _# n/ t: A( d6 R
International Governmental Action
?3 F( W& n' w* S8 t 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ K' O" |9 @6 T 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! n, j, u# t: f8 M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 T4 L- A% t7 H& K3 }
154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 Q# {2 R3 u. y4 ^" _; i6 O( @; v0 t
155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 c6 r* [ B2 F8 h: z( g' a' `
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 e+ y3 q; k- G* @8 K. \; k8 L
157. Expulsion from international organizations
; `# v, M( A* B6 ~
4 Q5 z& r4 D- W' @8 ^
0 p: g- b3 C* L% [! |
. v4 U" M( _% }; n2 eTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
: M9 N0 \# e0 v$ n
! i. q6 q) }, A& u- ]! K% K/ P
0 J6 g- D8 H& h& A) {) w" dPsychological Intervention
% S8 e4 a0 _4 Y! | 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 F3 f* c; b) a1 E 159. The fast
8 w' M4 `* g$ a. @; u9 M a) Fast of moral pressure8 W. O9 Q/ V+ c) S( F$ o0 a$ P% o
b) Hunger strike
" B+ l! Z0 ?6 e" C$ S, S6 n# y c) Satyagrahic fast
) E' D' Q: B# h* O" p; }) \ 160. Reverse trial
7 V* G3 B+ a5 B; i+ p, F- Z5 H0 i; ? 161. Nonviolent harassment3 Q+ W: f2 K8 V6 i
/ q8 G& |" a6 [# P
Physical Intervention' F# Z8 E' [6 ^) A
162. Sit-in8 G: [0 L: n" O7 Y6 F
163. Stand-in) \3 n. I/ e+ u$ u/ ?; R/ T
164. Ride-in f' |9 j" U# [$ {9 B; F
165. Wade-in7 {% O1 L2 a* T# \
166. Mill-in( i# b) e6 J- f3 b/ U
167. Pray-in Z! M$ s& t4 s) B
168. Nonviolent raids' Z6 T7 Y9 T9 J+ T8 y, e) h
169. Nonviolent air raids/ `6 M( v2 W* R( }5 v
170. Nonviolent invasion
* a2 x# F; h+ g 171. Nonviolent interjection
% V) k# C) T% u, A, N 172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 N: Q% H" ~9 R7 |9 c3 \4 I 173. Nonviolent occupation
: o( H! \7 g" }0 |8 O+ E u: u. `# \6 }4 O: v
Social Intervention
4 J' p" F1 e- R9 g6 _ 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ L, w9 o* l h5 z" v# Z 175. Overloading of facilities
" _, f; [1 v4 H: l 176. Stall-in8 w$ }+ Y& L2 k1 e
177. Speak-in- ?2 U& |- \' W5 ^# q
178. Guerrilla theater
* ~1 Z; }2 t. Y 179. Alternative social institutions
% [& I5 E/ v, E 180. Alternative communication system" z* ^5 K+ s+ n
8 u* K8 m+ @0 [, }) v n6 I6 A VEconomic Intervention
2 j$ C& A1 A" g" q: g- W* G 181. Reverse strike! K* U, w9 V' z/ C, h
182. Stay-in strike
$ ]4 z/ w: m$ g* R' q, m& ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' b* t7 j' Q a% f# m 184. Defiance of blockades* X& Q1 q2 `: @) g3 t
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- y8 g+ _4 q2 ~5 }! } 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 }3 X# T3 q. i 187. Seizure of assets+ i) d* m$ S* C
188. Dumping
9 \( N1 @" F9 z5 e* t7 p( ? 189. Selective patronage' O! r/ B3 \0 x' L2 }0 E
190. Alternative markets
5 a' d- e' y$ d l1 k+ ]) Y4 i7 p$ ` 191. Alternative transportation systems
; S$ [% i% H0 V 192. Alternative economic institutions
$ ~/ b* G" {. Y; l
" H y* Y( } r6 K' z8 nPolitical Intervention9 Z' l+ g6 l9 q& H
193. Overloading of administrative systems X( ?% S6 w1 w
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 h X- j/ l! E5 { d) G
195. Seeking imprisonment. S, A0 L0 y- J$ Y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" r) d+ A/ p: d2 u2 m$ l a! a* k 197. Work-on without collaboration
/ p" b. D6 h; T& @ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
3 K* i* u7 _% V7 t% N( c+ G+ L. H+ f0 L2 f2 p
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
