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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' {# \! \9 u7 B$ g, O
Formal Statements
% g0 {! y3 |0 l9 G v) a 1. Public Speeches2 e0 o( C/ p& p9 c$ n! s
2. Letters of opposition or support& J4 i" W& u# N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: U5 @* |- ]6 |' r" I( n$ J9 t6 {. l
4. Signed public statements) B) U& }) {0 S$ Y& _
5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 _' N j) l* |4 n" |
6. Group or mass petitions4 F1 n$ `1 z! V3 ~3 c' _0 c
8 T4 l, \7 a/ j6 J1 n. NCommunications with a Wider Audience
' ^2 B4 a: Q- j 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 S; T$ A- g% n$ T' a) }
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% i" W+ R- h- N/ Z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 @- \0 O0 B2 h( ^
10. Newspapers and journals
$ ^. R0 z6 H I K! B 11. Records, radio, and television
: x( q& t( I/ [ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting Y- D1 Q0 P( c$ b4 U% Q% I
; ~0 R6 Q6 p. w4 p7 d' c
Group Representations9 j& ]* U, v9 K. J x& t. K
13. Deputations6 t1 j/ ]0 X5 H+ X$ I5 F
14. Mock awards" M4 P# u% r/ x" m: a5 k
15. Group lobbying/ ?/ ?" F, ^: ^
16. Picketing
Z# o% t! F& C, K8 C' L 17. Mock elections( k4 o$ y) F: {. B8 s
& U# u; N I9 @, O
Symbolic Public Acts
* v* Q# b* j. T 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" E" f2 `/ j& N* e/ S 19. Wearing of symbols
" | ` ?" P- S5 E 20. Prayer and worship% J+ p; O! ?1 N) t, K& @. q
21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 E( w* J9 E) Z2 u9 K2 M3 e7 ` 22. Protest disrobings
9 t. [) C6 p. K8 ]) U 23. Destruction of own property4 I4 f& u" Z/ h( V+ K F) X
24. Symbolic lights
6 g0 T- D$ Y3 x 25. Displays of portraits' z2 p+ ^5 T2 D7 l7 ^8 x- l
26. Paint as protest+ s2 k ^: W! d0 c9 M
27. New signs and names: E o" O8 ?, w
28. Symbolic sounds
6 d6 W( C$ G% d) B 29. Symbolic reclamations
" n6 \4 e$ [5 s8 J 30. Rude gestures8 i! _2 p Z$ D- R0 Y% \7 N
$ e$ e- N* J* a) ]# fPressures on Individuals8 c4 P j' ~1 u2 U h8 t
31. “Haunting” officials) e. O, ]$ j3 q$ m) {2 |
32. Taunting officials
5 C; e* L% u/ U, a8 G8 Z7 P$ o, I2 F 33. Fraternization
. P. e/ u+ w$ c1 L/ I 34. Vigils
1 @& d, _, u5 i; |
; A" t j# L- Y" n; S1 KDrama and Music3 y _3 C! i8 _+ M
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( Y) X+ q: }# ~ 36. Performances of plays and music
; b( M, T+ K9 w 37. Singing
0 P9 c7 ~1 K& {& G# A+ r8 p5 Q2 v4 l7 x$ j7 f# O5 T6 L U5 P
Processions
' h% a, K0 O0 j% @% \% i 38. Marches. t9 F( o. n0 [3 ~# S/ o
39. Parades
7 B u" I% m/ F2 H 40. Religious processions$ C/ ^- e* P$ o; W
41. Pilgrimages
$ E5 I! u7 \. Z+ Q/ U/ o 42. Motorcades
' n4 J7 \' Y. e8 s# x
/ _5 v. A. ?* JHonoring the Dead
+ T9 |2 ~1 g4 a+ b8 \# B 43. Political mourning
* L, Y4 Q) l: n- ^# q 44. Mock funerals
5 i. ]4 P! w2 V8 s 45. Demonstrative funerals
3 i3 D7 G8 a/ h' r) g 46. Homage at burial places+ ~7 b+ A0 t0 e: M7 j
6 ~+ B5 n/ `4 TPublic Assemblies
9 K; I' j2 `6 W0 ? h 47. Assemblies of protest or support# N7 {; C5 l/ Y
48. Protest meetings
9 L( Y& @7 |) P j 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ W' i u P) g; t) b
50. Teach-ins5 ]. N1 h* A8 n
! \' }" z8 P) D" O8 `! [Withdrawal and Renunciation1 a8 Y# q" a. m6 U
51. Walk-outs
$ F! l( W. V1 _ { S7 A 52. Silence
5 o' ]. ^+ F+ t+ i* M7 @8 \ 53. Renouncing honors# d" n5 Y1 V+ Q
54. Turning one’s back; d3 I0 d* }# A
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons0 A$ K% r S# Z2 Z, Y8 J8 k
55. Social boycott o" g. ~8 B! | O- ]0 J
56. Selective social boycott
7 c8 B3 D/ s9 X) n: H9 ^ 57. Lysistratic nonaction, c; d" n4 g5 C# A! ^
58. Excommunication, n& ^! m9 O2 D0 c
59. Interdict
' m6 U9 C( s+ r% W! e1 P6 P% _. G4 E( u* n. }! d$ n5 X
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; E6 [4 O' S! v* ?! [- v* h( Y' m
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 y/ i5 l8 C& y& }1 E# J! A6 |! } 61. Boycott of social affairs) t8 P. q9 `, P* s- ]. A
62. Student strike) G' p: F% r* g* S& r; a
63. Social disobedience c! d( {0 X8 _& j
64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 a/ L W5 [$ i6 `5 ?8 d: a; w6 P
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Withdrawal from the Social System/ T; z* x8 Q% M8 ~( v8 M8 e) Z9 C
65. Stay-at-home0 r9 n3 f# L' S" A) A
66. Total personal noncooperation. l7 I9 m+ @2 t
67. “Flight” of workers: y/ B$ T+ C& T
68. Sanctuary8 {+ [* O- ^+ O' T
69. Collective disappearance7 e6 D6 V" y2 N) H1 `, {1 X
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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7 N5 ^1 P. r; C, v0 ~( BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- M- E1 z1 b0 ?
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Actions by Consumers4 g) N- W" m l d4 G) r5 x
71. Consumers’ boycott
7 A2 _- B% X3 V& r6 ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 U% L3 D# W8 g+ j1 ~* I4 R
73. Policy of austerity4 i2 N8 _+ d8 V( i8 I* `& C
74. Rent withholding+ S. g, v3 W: j; `4 @$ m _% P
75. Refusal to rent
2 b$ {2 v3 \, ? 76. National consumers’ boycott
- R4 H$ e7 z9 t9 D6 c, l 77. International consumers’ boycott
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8 ?+ G) C6 S' s/ k @0 v2 ?; dAction by Workers and Producers8 {6 T5 b8 f' c# W7 T" l
78. Workmen’s boycott7 j/ p/ o' b5 J$ C- f4 p
79. Producers’ boycott* f0 n9 `8 q% h7 _7 P
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Action by Middlemen2 C, ?) d# x) R! z( g2 ^. T
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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1 R. [) c: r2 U" [3 ]0 uAction by Owners and Management
1 H: w7 U1 n6 c1 B; w. k" {9 b& u5 s 81. Traders’ boycott9 j6 `+ r2 N# j# e* }
82. Refusal to let or sell property* G- o3 \, g) g6 {; o3 h* h
83. Lockout
2 q( u( y1 ^ z( K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 D! S5 G9 q7 ^9 e# Y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 `8 k1 W5 p* G2 @" J
, @6 M X2 k! @2 KAction by Holders of Financial Resources6 C, G) x* w) |* k
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( c7 h) G+ {# I1 {8 q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 Z6 [. [* i( l* \( \3 {
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 d* {5 I$ L5 v+ e
89. Severance of funds and credit
4 V& h6 Z/ h7 G; P8 j6 U, c2 N 90. Revenue refusal/ v. |) }3 c$ z! O' f
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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& }7 e# j: k) d' KAction by Governments9 k$ e( c# D) z: T ^6 ?6 v
92. Domestic embargo E" n. `5 B5 [' u* X3 q& m
93. Blacklisting of traders/ |* @0 o' {* D8 f4 f f H' O
94. International sellers’ embargo$ l0 A; o- v ]( u" D
95. International buyers’ embargo
9 h. f0 V' I* a9 [; ]7 B 96. International trade embargo) j t, T3 @0 b/ ]3 \# B
7 c" I9 f" r6 t; o3 Q' y( x 5 [/ W. I% J6 }/ K9 P
- C+ T; w d( V# w* v. kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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) i& j- Y3 J" ^) |" rSymbolic Strikes% L; C8 m8 y4 j% T7 [1 C9 O+ c
97. Protest strike( T2 ?8 X# ?% Y; E9 |
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" d# T2 [7 [5 W! ?8 | X
# E8 v$ K m; [9 `* m J0 |9 C( ~Agricultural Strikes: n" X* s( ]- d6 d6 r3 m/ ?0 a4 g
99. Peasant strike
& p/ ]: Z* Z9 h/ P1 V' N3 o' b 100. Farm Workers’ strike$ V+ b3 ]6 |" Q8 }( `* r; c# U0 t
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Strikes by Special Groups5 s/ ?. g3 l/ H: s7 H
101. Refusal of impressed labor* p C. \/ B5 J4 d5 f8 o
102. Prisoners’ strike: k) {6 u- b h: }8 ?
103. Craft strike
7 X8 |4 A1 H& r6 s6 T" N 104. Professional strike
o9 y D" p% s j |# Z1 c; g! N( C/ h8 L* d$ L
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ Q$ O1 W& d2 P' `3 i
105. Establishment strike
# m& H7 r. j2 T! [ 106. Industry strike
7 f7 X& `: g# P+ M 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes
$ I( s. F1 d7 t# M 108. Detailed strike5 L8 g. u0 A- z; u* e. T
109. Bumper strike" E$ X1 m) c; l: a
110. Slowdown strike f( A5 T9 _7 n; f$ s
111. Working-to-rule strike
1 l; \! X4 }6 d( F/ a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: [5 r! N% k4 V4 ^ 113. Strike by resignation
' t4 c% J% Z$ O; V 114. Limited strike
/ j1 R! H% J" X, i4 U8 j8 v 115. Selective strike
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1 Q( r+ u1 n* bMulti-Industry Strikes
3 d; t% ~9 D! l6 [
/ q1 f1 P' I. p' _+ O9 F+ C9 Y 116. Generalized strike" F) n. g4 q9 ?; C. o" g0 @( o0 e
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117. General strike
]7 W; u( R3 i: D, @* D: l' e: \, _ z8 q" d( a3 ?' N
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
L- ?& B, N( i2 C. p% u8 I
0 Q) \* a6 I2 S 118. Hartal9 ]8 Z: l3 q1 N! J& Y# O7 H
- U) |8 f6 V/ w, @( y3 i. t 119. Economic shutdown" r9 p1 m& \# U3 T1 _
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 u4 p- d1 R6 C8 ORejection of Authority
1 e$ O, T% ]& }; A 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 J3 u0 S# B2 L4 l1 p& `
121. Refusal of public support7 q" A, F9 \& L T& ~" w, a
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government {2 e% w6 F' o3 r( C3 d \+ ]
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 Q {$ ]% }& c3 V3 ]. }; ~ 124. Boycott of elections
1 M+ o1 |4 q; p3 W- z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 k6 l5 f. f' E, y: t5 p2 i
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( J0 B3 L0 ~* ]( Z" Y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! j) Z1 z- X( p/ H
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 d6 _) _9 r$ P& P& U1 c 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 x" N0 b% |" Z; u7 b1 a) K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks3 E2 ^+ }& R% a6 N* ]+ I9 U8 x
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& F9 U5 |( ?( T( @0 _
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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. s1 l! \' g5 S2 l( X' sCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: v, ^0 U t* B1 |) x3 P/ Q$ ^
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 }( o" ?3 S. \4 A8 ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 g, y) U3 p! v/ D1 T
135. Popular nonobedience4 b7 g, D$ w1 y0 Y
136. Disguised disobedience$ r* ]. Q2 h: o4 |
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% i5 A0 P; @- g; L" a
138. Sitdown* v# t* i7 Y% `# a' ?% W
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 @' y0 M- [0 f/ G5 { D7 M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. _& u" f) _3 x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" R) G+ Y' p( H$ b) N1 h* d0 i
4 J7 y, v+ E i# U# IAction by Government Personnel
! P% [9 J, U0 V N 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
& v/ R' B) U" e% c 143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ c2 b3 U Q$ i4 }/ z2 K/ Y& O
144. Stalling and obstruction8 L9 }$ N* {/ P- W9 l: K
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 C6 S6 \$ K; }: j" d) I# Q# E" \0 R1 E% I# ^- G. y
146. Judicial noncooperation
! _2 |& z2 i9 D: ? 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) H& @ ^& u) `4 W: g/ ?8 u- A, G
148. Mutiny
i d0 Y* o& [Domestic Governmental Action+ [3 r5 H9 c) ], B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' ^5 E/ ~* u# \! g; @2 s* f$ e3 D 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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* _* c1 q# ~, K/ a. q& n6 tInternational Governmental Action
% c$ P7 ^- H) q! Q w 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- x( W0 L: X+ e; g# P# j, E! x
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* } X) A6 A6 {# ?9 ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ i7 y4 e- C7 L, w# \
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 a. u2 v9 e5 b% Q5 j3 |% I 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 C- j9 O3 o: D* C- f
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 t8 d& u* Q2 R# Q0 B6 d 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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( L K% s; Y8 I z# l* A K! C6 [$ YTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
7 m! T- a Q0 u/ Q' J' E- ?. o4 @1 S 158. Self-exposure to the elements ?+ U; ^: N c1 c# G* V
159. The fast
! j$ b* d9 E0 G! E a) Fast of moral pressure
5 w7 h7 W6 N1 [/ l y b) Hunger strike& v2 c5 l. I( a0 W' g- D( C
c) Satyagrahic fast
, r8 B/ ^4 j( U2 E$ S2 v# i 160. Reverse trial
4 {6 \* L! f! K2 t9 V# l. o% V G4 n 161. Nonviolent harassment
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' o! c2 r! o& m0 kPhysical Intervention
7 ?6 d( Y G# W2 O 162. Sit-in1 P, g0 y' E+ \- y) y" } Q
163. Stand-in
0 n0 J! h8 \% v$ b 164. Ride-in4 J2 t/ J( W( I; ]$ f
165. Wade-in! B7 _ `9 |8 G! @2 c7 y+ o
166. Mill-in
9 n* O* D- K" g7 ?4 H 167. Pray-in
/ F" W$ F6 S+ b1 R3 w* o; z0 n 168. Nonviolent raids" w. X# X2 ^1 ~5 Z0 l
169. Nonviolent air raids: t* m6 x+ n( @! D- J
170. Nonviolent invasion
( A1 ~+ `6 J+ f+ v6 b 171. Nonviolent interjection, \ ~/ k# \. X f$ Z* e
172. Nonviolent obstruction( _* g# [' L7 z* @- D, O
173. Nonviolent occupation
5 T% v5 k7 n" N3 ~$ O
+ ?3 n4 F6 [0 [Social Intervention3 {7 b' n9 I7 V+ s6 @$ S
174. Establishing new social patterns" q; E+ |" \6 F2 n4 T5 Q
175. Overloading of facilities" Q/ ]" l9 w) e- m& r/ f8 P
176. Stall-in, R5 _! p" B! t& e" X
177. Speak-in: c6 Q& ]1 i, t7 ^+ V+ G
178. Guerrilla theater) j9 b" u+ y. A/ P5 v5 j) d
179. Alternative social institutions5 A& `/ V; i7 Z5 D; b1 j: c5 d+ F
180. Alternative communication system
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0 h1 _- ]! I: p4 \6 O/ V+ ]+ i5 i' [; ~Economic Intervention1 G+ d2 d0 ~- k# ~ b5 ]% N3 i
181. Reverse strike
( n; D% V; J. W4 n1 P" \ 182. Stay-in strike
# B% I8 R9 T* r( E4 `% H2 T 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. [. M) F: C- Q0 j0 N. O6 B 184. Defiance of blockades2 p6 H/ x# g U! Z$ M# t @
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 S% z5 z2 }) V z
186. Preclusive purchasing8 { E2 Z8 C4 A# e( ?( U0 l( t
187. Seizure of assets
- {9 i' u$ y4 [# K 188. Dumping4 i2 ]9 P5 m: g& y
189. Selective patronage. H T: q9 U+ ~( Z4 ]( N/ d6 i
190. Alternative markets$ Z9 I0 u' q* J: U a4 ?
191. Alternative transportation systems
& i2 P; K# P0 l$ [ 192. Alternative economic institutions* d& V3 n0 r! k" n- V
# L5 [4 i( P5 d) E7 X8 @
Political Intervention
1 O* H0 G f& w# P/ D 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 t6 \+ g# A. i) i5 Q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- Y( W- D- _( l( ]3 A
195. Seeking imprisonment# P. ^- W2 z' T& z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 R$ M" C1 e0 z
197. Work-on without collaboration( C9 j* b; k- R y2 }: L) e
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, _8 r( N3 q' G! ~; A) J
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
