 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! G4 \! n! c1 Q8 u* b9 B; `5 GFormal Statements
5 c7 R% _7 M1 L! q# j; e! j 1. Public Speeches- j- ^( @: W6 @+ e' i
2. Letters of opposition or support
' O6 }* x. c0 [# A" S. `# C1 P 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* |0 p" U: A5 g; D$ T# o
4. Signed public statements
9 {6 q: T4 c% O2 X" k4 O 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 P; h! O+ V4 L* B" W( [ 6. Group or mass petitions" w3 ?6 H# A+ ~
/ u9 @9 p7 c: E0 yCommunications with a Wider Audience! u* @' ^+ ~6 j) O3 J; d
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 Z* t& h/ p( f& g
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 Z% ]$ X' r# I8 X' l6 H
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 S+ N: D, T [3 Z# ^ 10. Newspapers and journals
2 }% m3 E# ^& P/ Y$ o 11. Records, radio, and television7 y2 i+ Q7 g$ B0 P
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 |: Z1 t% S9 Q/ f
8 e- I$ }4 l1 C0 }- ^5 \Group Representations
6 [+ m" h/ D8 |# a9 K$ w# V 13. Deputations
) f3 e8 ~$ O$ K5 j 14. Mock awards4 E' U2 ]3 u+ Z! U/ b2 n" k
15. Group lobbying
( j! D% M5 M) |( G 16. Picketing
6 S7 t& D" ?( R+ D8 o y; ? 17. Mock elections' X% ], `: `& B/ J; ?$ s
# {' h6 N7 b& i3 B5 x# k
Symbolic Public Acts
+ }- Y$ k. \9 [! W 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: ?4 u" \$ a9 Q+ e 19. Wearing of symbols
1 Y1 h: j$ J+ `! _ 20. Prayer and worship
' Y; U. t& ?1 s; | 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 r$ n; S0 ~5 S7 T! @- r% ^/ \ 22. Protest disrobings
( X) W- N# a& d2 F) [' D5 V 23. Destruction of own property
8 W; m2 s0 m2 P, P 24. Symbolic lights
3 _ y* f& Q; ~+ t! M4 h 25. Displays of portraits
7 [- w8 l Z& K5 _4 S3 T( o 26. Paint as protest# ^+ |7 g- ?( R3 x
27. New signs and names4 B5 @" t$ z/ J
28. Symbolic sounds1 T5 P R# @0 v' m* c. f
29. Symbolic reclamations2 a0 U) k9 ~& g, }5 c
30. Rude gestures
5 C: j2 x5 ?5 q- t1 r6 k" z5 n0 ^' D6 }+ n
Pressures on Individuals* V& q0 l; a7 P' b+ N; e
31. “Haunting” officials
9 W# ^$ f8 u0 B" h) n: _$ E& @ 32. Taunting officials
& e. C. O0 [( h% W# [2 S) V 33. Fraternization, R* x) g0 }0 Z, E% Y" Q
34. Vigils
* L) D5 M( `: i9 ]9 i+ B
f: b$ Y3 K2 p6 XDrama and Music8 ~$ s+ U+ \( q1 q9 L
35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ \3 b1 e- l, s 36. Performances of plays and music; H+ }+ F" B# G( D3 s* [
37. Singing
$ y8 N( A; O1 \. w4 h% r
- x' |% e6 z2 C) R" VProcessions
& G! h& j' t8 l: a) F; P 38. Marches! W+ e* |0 m# A3 L' w# u8 ~
39. Parades
0 Q9 J# |/ f- [* S h 40. Religious processions- b/ L H4 k0 Q- t, Q
41. Pilgrimages
+ v, d7 n! q& |/ K3 n: G' p9 a 42. Motorcades
/ S1 ^' @( X7 x4 r# Q' B2 H8 o
) H/ Q4 s7 [. m/ d* w$ W2 A B, m7 BHonoring the Dead
n' `1 l6 e; N* v7 i. j$ i. J& n1 ` 43. Political mourning
|1 `! ` D3 Z2 W 44. Mock funerals: S2 y' ~! i Y' T6 }# \# G# E, e7 c% ~
45. Demonstrative funerals9 G) o8 W/ {& n$ A+ M
46. Homage at burial places6 G% \9 F3 x1 \- P0 G0 g1 U
- \( b$ v+ N$ `( e1 OPublic Assemblies
3 | Y& f7 B. n/ B- z/ l* O3 ` 47. Assemblies of protest or support" J% M5 ~. n8 C
48. Protest meetings! r% G. ~) g; g# R6 _' |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( o; U8 J( E% e$ ]$ [/ z! a9 R8 U
50. Teach-ins
d2 e/ L: u0 v
% B% e/ [# `4 BWithdrawal and Renunciation* ?) G9 D0 L$ C9 d5 r3 a
51. Walk-outs
, }. [; m+ d8 C 52. Silence
: M4 i: ~3 z5 O2 g* G 53. Renouncing honors: l1 l. w" U% r. j! d
54. Turning one’s back
! l6 e t: B# ?; O" o. G0 n+ |) k5 j L4 c" i$ ]9 h
5 V p8 P- o5 a. Q9 N: Y+ l6 n2 s
9 H" @6 }$ e" r1 t( t1 ZTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# G( R+ E! C7 b
) U% {) r9 N9 f5 z* o& V
: w" v n, Y# N
0 d" L% w# ~) QOstracism of Persons
& w% @5 }* ~- Q! A" ` 55. Social boycott
% \% M6 ~! `" V' U* U! J N+ q 56. Selective social boycott
2 {' w% a6 M8 j/ M. f0 ~ 57. Lysistratic nonaction" ?2 ]$ C O1 l5 B& t; u. i. F9 Y- |
58. Excommunication
+ f2 @. A$ u6 j1 r4 A) b 59. Interdict. d2 A( |6 Z& ]5 B0 G" N
) H9 ~9 Q) P* k- K2 ^Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions0 R2 m* A/ L& L9 i8 d' z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' a& }+ r$ O& ]% S. e 61. Boycott of social affairs
" k6 b6 S% K6 |; Z# K 62. Student strike$ W7 [3 H- _( X$ [* t2 e* E+ ?
63. Social disobedience! y9 h+ a8 q7 Z' [6 {& _7 b
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 G: ^8 a9 c/ K3 D/ B5 y. u+ U3 E
7 ?9 T, P/ { F* m( F& uWithdrawal from the Social System8 M) o0 `! h# Z; ^1 d
65. Stay-at-home4 h2 K* }( Z" w; A0 @
66. Total personal noncooperation8 d) }% ~9 k- s% n5 a5 G& z- D
67. “Flight” of workers
2 Y" r! v) C+ f& {) b* Q$ e 68. Sanctuary
! [; _7 S ?8 y3 w" ~ 69. Collective disappearance
Y7 }3 y5 D5 w 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 z7 ~0 f a0 f/ i$ B; T
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7 f s( o d4 W7 n) f! bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ X# h0 E2 m- q
# N" Y" \: I3 B; k
7 A; K" B6 g8 W8 O' yActions by Consumers u8 m, Y$ e. \$ Z# O
71. Consumers’ boycott
. }; T/ k) c4 U6 ~+ j X: Z) L 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 E0 g& ~1 `+ @' Z. e, J, X) m 73. Policy of austerity
, @. U: [# [- q2 g% y% R 74. Rent withholding. m J1 d/ T0 Q5 ^7 L4 ?# N
75. Refusal to rent1 ? K. j8 @% ]9 W9 C' F1 c; U
76. National consumers’ boycott
3 r, s$ K4 u4 X7 r4 N3 m0 }% g 77. International consumers’ boycott+ C1 E+ d% |4 J
! [0 C/ o, J% Y) U5 K9 xAction by Workers and Producers' v, s- ~6 g' D' @& r; t* E3 A6 b
78. Workmen’s boycott6 N" V4 w* B2 }& G" G5 y
79. Producers’ boycott( @' M0 j% G2 ^; \" B
2 P$ E$ l3 @! ?1 f7 f8 j* M: _5 SAction by Middlemen
9 b% ~. p: y" `$ | 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 _! v# Z9 b" O6 f3 M: H1 w
3 t9 W1 U* o5 y% yAction by Owners and Management
$ n9 Z5 v5 T/ ], o3 E$ \( N' m 81. Traders’ boycott9 y% e% F4 [2 a4 a# O
82. Refusal to let or sell property
N5 u3 i/ U) U l& e 83. Lockout1 l# M* ^- c! f1 i9 F3 D) J8 Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
" O/ P/ E4 z/ l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 L8 x; B" |& l0 S& j; T* U
( K2 k9 D0 Q. ^8 b# l
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
6 X# e: l) m) N0 Q 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 q3 Z) i- V* Y7 B6 ~ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments w* v7 }$ T' A) z- p! @$ ?
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 j4 A# T/ G3 v; l2 q0 Z- D" q& z
89. Severance of funds and credit
; H; P" @1 r, Y# }; i 90. Revenue refusal& K' s0 c6 c" B
91. Refusal of a government’s money
- l. u$ ?; x" [ C& E9 a( S. b: o# d6 S! ` g7 {
Action by Governments
2 Q8 q& w' o4 j 92. Domestic embargo
6 `3 A) Y2 ^" B4 f 93. Blacklisting of traders$ S; d# ]0 |) T
94. International sellers’ embargo
) W: z( I# _0 r$ i 95. International buyers’ embargo5 A6 L, m3 T. n
96. International trade embargo, O* `1 ~- g( w! v8 }* x6 A
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6 f! @' f& X( U" m- r+ E7 }* ]' ?1 V
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE {. X) E% C) L+ p$ S% S3 m7 S6 [" E
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1 ?3 e% B2 k8 B( V' tSymbolic Strikes
9 L! y: o3 F/ p3 c" X 97. Protest strike
; \% g: w. O: z4 w" Z* P 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 b" C, N/ V) f& @9 u4 `
1 h, n; H! ]0 f
Agricultural Strikes
$ S$ y8 n: A& L2 x7 g; v* @6 Q 99. Peasant strike
: R4 J) ~2 _( b( c 100. Farm Workers’ strike. Z/ h/ [4 o3 F# M" L" T' o3 L
4 b+ V# A5 `3 H% `, S
Strikes by Special Groups
+ I. M* |- K! j6 K' \ 101. Refusal of impressed labor) g* x0 C! s, f0 t$ w0 H3 c
102. Prisoners’ strike
& R5 S I+ H! W5 ^& d 103. Craft strike
, b% j1 F8 J3 C/ Q 104. Professional strike
0 [! U& k t8 N3 r3 @. z9 J* I% @ ?; C& X) O4 b, e+ D
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
R6 y8 X- o/ T( m9 [3 X5 r; v: O 105. Establishment strike
4 F9 s/ C- O3 W& S# G; `1 t/ E8 o 106. Industry strike1 t: e7 C+ v- R: {! c& [. ~7 d
107. Sympathetic strike
9 m0 ~$ j( V( U' {5 [
4 t3 N( {& N! yRestricted Strikes
" a8 i5 V) |" Y! P7 R- ?5 D+ J 108. Detailed strike
/ P, ?( _! J- d 109. Bumper strike
8 G! {( I9 z: O6 a- ^) s; G 110. Slowdown strike
3 b- d; |5 K. }* V9 C 111. Working-to-rule strike9 D% X1 n5 P% ?6 B# O0 X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" g9 x/ {# @0 n& k) B+ V9 Q! P1 l 113. Strike by resignation
. h S5 v3 Y$ }9 t$ W 114. Limited strike
6 o4 o/ i3 v- H* E0 { 115. Selective strike# N3 Z. V: ]8 ^7 b; Q4 ~
+ y& e% D5 K, C- ~: ~8 A/ K! h: `0 y
Multi-Industry Strikes$ v7 O7 W7 ^9 Y' u) U8 m1 r- N
9 ?8 d+ v6 r- u$ F; _
116. Generalized strike7 m, Z8 ^' ~1 P9 g
" `4 B% T& ]# E, B m3 k- {
117. General strike
! a8 }* l$ ]- R' {+ F" ]5 W' E2 {& r s" R7 M7 v
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 ?4 P) l" C+ W0 d
% W. G; i. A0 W6 W, Y 118. Hartal
8 ]! A2 B6 D5 G: [# @# W. b0 {7 M+ B# T4 u/ j
119. Economic shutdown: n, x- }5 X+ F
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( s5 I1 f. [8 g4 BTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 y4 p: p* ?0 m1 {; H/ f6 {
Rejection of Authority
/ n: g$ e3 Z" x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 C9 F: n+ |, d) o( Y
121. Refusal of public support
2 ]' y# E. p- N" H( U/ j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 H6 v! v, c. Q8 A
4 ^2 x: @# C$ O+ [2 R! T* {7 DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 N3 N3 G) E* X2 V L2 ]
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 W* C2 p* Q9 B0 i! Y/ o; x 124. Boycott of elections. E$ A+ p. S# y {: u& Q: ^
125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 O9 a# T. b# x) e
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% J( T. Q# p' F' ^! R6 w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# w' S+ C# A' H5 v; a4 u0 U# \% ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ W1 T+ a* }, ?# v+ G" w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 T2 c y7 o3 s" u
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ H1 _ k3 }+ d1 q: A" I6 M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, |2 E# J2 D+ O9 X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, M3 T8 b. N$ m/ Z& p6 V+ A# C' n% v0 K& e+ y- U2 m/ {
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- w5 x: p5 v* c I; @ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 N( `* T3 M2 [( K2 @7 ?; K
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 H) U9 u7 o% w# \% j; I: H' I
135. Popular nonobedience+ s, U+ z i% l
136. Disguised disobedience$ f, H* \! T2 i0 v2 f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& g# `5 s! b( @
138. Sitdown/ w. V- h x8 i. ]
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 \% D0 X1 ~" O5 V$ a8 g- p9 m 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 i4 I2 Z: g1 y# Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# {, s, B: t0 \: r1 ?$ N& f" _1 X. G5 a8 V4 [; I8 b# B
Action by Government Personnel
+ X2 h$ r5 f+ @6 S; i5 U& ^3 E 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides2 t5 q$ [! B5 D% }6 }. _0 y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 D9 i8 t$ o& @9 [. F
144. Stalling and obstruction3 ^& E5 X1 ^" T7 K, s
145. General administrative noncooperation
& s* k, p, I2 ]* b6 V
5 ]1 n! i: x) `9 m3 K6 Y$ _ 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ _+ H2 t4 h: T4 ] 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% G( ]+ G! l4 F$ t; n
148. Mutiny& W/ L" D0 g# _" {0 ]
Domestic Governmental Action
; O# w( U& t$ b1 J8 V' X8 r 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ |) E8 G: m1 @3 \0 K0 h
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 T+ L4 C2 b: W7 o+ f, l/ l4 \
* @& D& f2 R0 Y
International Governmental Action$ R4 c4 I( d e9 f1 r4 I/ d5 j
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- ^1 @, i& B a9 k, H& M 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; a3 G5 m9 S* i1 I5 k1 {+ B
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; {0 P. T& B' G" ~# j4 s 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: ]9 r" }) A) F 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, p, R9 A; C4 U6 E; X& X3 p
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, v* A4 O0 {. K1 { D+ Z
157. Expulsion from international organizations2 L3 P$ @- V. C& y
$ X$ S6 ?. T( `6 ?: s+ C! b ?
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3 z$ K5 J o- N+ A, kTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
% L: e. S! j' Y, J- @
9 t( f3 u7 P g! |& }
+ b+ a! B8 G7 u' V1 SPsychological Intervention( b9 }. C9 D4 B# `) C, ?; X' h
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' w" e$ d& o: ~+ t5 c. ~1 E0 z 159. The fast
* Q/ D. N- l9 o( q a) Fast of moral pressure
/ J/ [/ ?* I$ E2 k! C k b) Hunger strike( C# A; ]! y/ X4 h! V+ x
c) Satyagrahic fast: X- J8 @6 s* D7 D6 f
160. Reverse trial. i; ?) X/ p# h/ \: k
161. Nonviolent harassment; I/ Z0 J1 E' Z3 V* T1 u! P C) l. ^
& ]( X. `* h( ]4 E& F v6 o( }) }+ D
Physical Intervention
* O" b" y" x7 n/ q& f* {3 C$ I/ Y 162. Sit-in5 ? H8 f, o, I5 C
163. Stand-in8 i5 S( R# x$ {, e# Z1 f5 ?
164. Ride-in0 H( h7 a, b" ^5 m1 a
165. Wade-in
0 T: s2 L" Q- ~, S" N 166. Mill-in
4 f3 B# Z7 B$ B0 Z K9 S 167. Pray-in- ^4 G9 a& w5 {) Q# y9 f
168. Nonviolent raids7 z' o c) d6 h8 y% v
169. Nonviolent air raids
# O! W' Z+ E, J- c9 o 170. Nonviolent invasion3 X$ V( j+ a1 d" P8 A, \
171. Nonviolent interjection8 D; L; K8 B5 |3 k7 j+ E/ Y) i5 X! J
172. Nonviolent obstruction
. J/ a' c8 _7 q4 R0 |% S 173. Nonviolent occupation
5 H6 E. q2 P3 s E- L3 V4 c$ e) x
5 K! f2 y5 L5 w0 e9 GSocial Intervention
( f1 b& O- H0 J0 T9 V! ~/ X 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ y4 B7 `( g( Z% G3 u* j 175. Overloading of facilities% Z% C$ ]4 q& @; ~. k* H; ?
176. Stall-in1 B2 _* ]. s6 b. r% h
177. Speak-in
+ m& J* a: J0 r" {9 r 178. Guerrilla theater0 N- T% u& H' S' i6 g! a
179. Alternative social institutions
- O. A6 x8 b5 P2 v# b 180. Alternative communication system9 p4 N& C( J0 q+ v
; q; Z) t) q; K: b) n
Economic Intervention' D6 w. S2 i$ [% Z s4 `3 u( l6 X
181. Reverse strike
7 N7 N9 R% ~* h$ I0 m- ~1 N 182. Stay-in strike8 h; J' N# F9 ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 V" n" r, c, L, Y1 Y& ^- j 184. Defiance of blockades9 N9 \% F8 D. S3 I+ m! ]
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* y% ]8 e& m( O7 _) M$ Z* U2 h 186. Preclusive purchasing2 q5 Z. I9 S6 I4 C
187. Seizure of assets
4 A! ~6 U$ j+ i 188. Dumping
4 A h# p5 I! ]4 t( @ d; z. R 189. Selective patronage
0 j E6 h( i. `: Y8 n 190. Alternative markets1 v, _+ U9 `, { R* o7 i
191. Alternative transportation systems6 ]6 Y; a& {! |' c( |
192. Alternative economic institutions/ U" A4 M$ Q! q; q" r
% Y5 _1 V b% ~ `
Political Intervention5 D2 E# M9 p) `' U
193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 q7 ^( t" L; z% P" A* w 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ Y* h. Y* W" p/ \ F
195. Seeking imprisonment/ G! l/ Y7 }. d4 C- o8 Z7 m) M# |) W
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 z! l' j: c# l. u# V4 j/ k: t) C
197. Work-on without collaboration! v1 k2 S( L; W F! s1 f, b- K. P6 k8 V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
