 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: k7 D- h3 ~; U' `7 T0 t+ p' qFormal Statements
" g3 Y5 v3 m# O6 p6 O4 n5 \. \ 1. Public Speeches
6 x1 P' n- j7 K0 I 2. Letters of opposition or support
1 p3 o! }7 E* S2 x6 a& l 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. e& m$ _8 J9 Z1 i) m6 `& S: Z 4. Signed public statements2 B( C& V6 K1 ^$ ]& K( p% Y$ ^
5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 U! C& w2 O6 Z" L; E7 ~! \" u2 u% K
6. Group or mass petitions
9 r7 Y0 i8 R& B) B3 t5 B% F5 _+ V5 K! k6 Z0 h0 S
Communications with a Wider Audience6 o# U+ U1 e) _
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( ~8 y) b, x0 w6 d9 a" Y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ V6 |' B+ k0 x+ X0 z% B& W- E
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, A. }' A. P! ?* N/ c
10. Newspapers and journals. J- H" F u1 Z' q% n; P& r+ x6 p
11. Records, radio, and television. J; \5 b( E7 I& a3 b: \
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ Q$ f; A5 J2 d, k- M
: S2 `" H3 x0 C) |3 n" P" h& G" B% _Group Representations# N, k0 N! c2 ~
13. Deputations
6 ^6 _/ t6 C2 V6 N- J 14. Mock awards
3 d1 o3 Y% I/ }8 \; p( P& ~ 15. Group lobbying( N( Y0 c8 _, L$ T. |( \& w+ }# r8 s
16. Picketing* p# F+ H( M! D% z
17. Mock elections/ g& j* l1 M2 ^" {4 o
, t0 p- l7 h- V& Z- N8 FSymbolic Public Acts' n* w$ b! a/ [* A6 R* p) y/ V: A
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- [- N8 J1 \% u2 S! ~: _0 M 19. Wearing of symbols
% _: p4 d$ e0 N4 h 20. Prayer and worship
+ I0 } h9 ]7 u _- O 21. Delivering symbolic objects& d* a# C) J7 m0 f
22. Protest disrobings
$ m c0 W. }! S" a/ v6 ^* e 23. Destruction of own property( u+ B" l; k$ ?4 y
24. Symbolic lights( N0 d8 |+ B$ J7 K2 [- _/ H5 e$ K9 Y
25. Displays of portraits8 N8 j4 k5 t" v+ H; C1 Y
26. Paint as protest
% o' l# K4 l& `# E4 {$ V 27. New signs and names& z! z' I* Y5 R
28. Symbolic sounds8 _% O( {2 M2 I5 Q$ I' S; L7 y. n& E
29. Symbolic reclamations ?" p; h8 k. \" D2 z4 r/ L
30. Rude gestures
: _5 {2 o- Y, ?7 G* s4 Q5 Y+ A% ?/ H! i4 v5 j% g$ q! w. Q
Pressures on Individuals
( ~% a9 d: F6 J+ C 31. “Haunting” officials
9 K2 s0 E1 f% w; M' P& h 32. Taunting officials9 d. u! ]+ E) ?* K( C# ?
33. Fraternization
9 L! P8 M: }) Y3 c: e& V" X/ X; Y! [ 34. Vigils' o& T5 |5 v$ J0 Q, l
7 \) A# U7 y# F9 Z, b
Drama and Music. m4 M( |" I" [7 ]- u7 [
35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 s$ A0 d" G% D" W G$ l9 K 36. Performances of plays and music
: h, a7 y& A" F: J" m* o( k8 y+ J! g 37. Singing
' q1 v! E9 t' o6 ]/ Q( u/ f- w9 o- P0 | ~0 V% ~- c
Processions7 x* M5 e+ l, q# j O
38. Marches
2 e% ]! E9 T$ O8 D 39. Parades. S9 U: }& p, h
40. Religious processions
3 \& v: C4 a2 ?, V/ e4 N M0 j/ r" H 41. Pilgrimages* N0 A! a1 F! B7 w7 L
42. Motorcades6 P8 p3 ?3 z. `* @, |/ S
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Honoring the Dead
' X) r: o4 w, M3 D9 s$ H6 s( v 43. Political mourning
, J; y, f1 p9 v+ L# O" h P9 b 44. Mock funerals; Z2 F8 u- u. T) _0 _
45. Demonstrative funerals8 U# m* v- N4 C( P R& s5 M
46. Homage at burial places
5 y' {7 L. g2 p4 W% |, \/ J8 H4 X0 X2 X& e. l0 f( @( ?) i
Public Assemblies
! [8 d# }# T$ a 47. Assemblies of protest or support
# Y w8 `4 D' G/ ?& ^ 48. Protest meetings
1 O" G R8 J+ g% V4 A, e' b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& }: t& _7 H# ^" Y/ I# B 50. Teach-ins" l* g4 O3 e- }& I0 O, Y
$ t2 x4 d/ Z+ P$ e
Withdrawal and Renunciation
: T4 x' u$ x6 ^ 51. Walk-outs" |: w+ l0 E( p' L9 L
52. Silence" I& T& `0 s& }: U: d
53. Renouncing honors" k: b+ j2 H% x1 j" B2 L
54. Turning one’s back
# [ q( Z+ `6 H+ e7 f! H
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
7 f1 T! J! l; m+ }; x
) }+ V; ^$ z% ~/ |1 o ~ 2 H+ J- }) \- |
# s$ l9 [3 q( T: A# P6 E
Ostracism of Persons" k9 @3 C6 M8 S& y
55. Social boycott
8 Z* A5 P+ V) A/ t4 t+ I 56. Selective social boycott& A1 D! z2 e, u; F" M- M( W
57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 N" q+ f8 G+ R, O5 I; ~3 {. k+ z) ? 58. Excommunication
6 j) D/ @! L. t9 n# H 59. Interdict
0 R8 W" [1 N5 U6 Z: c: X5 J. @7 D0 Q0 z2 e/ T
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 m2 u5 Q! y( b2 _( Y8 u8 b/ I
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! M+ ^ @- d g( z( ]1 S- A$ @ 61. Boycott of social affairs
+ s6 u% l e3 W 62. Student strike
7 ^ Q* t0 Y8 Y6 T 63. Social disobedience7 ~5 G' W" S6 |5 f
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 o" @6 z; o8 ?! T/ v3 x$ y6 F' @$ o& _: Y) |
Withdrawal from the Social System
$ Q% M: j5 Y4 r$ r# }% V; H9 \ 65. Stay-at-home& O, h" I n5 }- e
66. Total personal noncooperation& P* a" T; v. n* N) ^
67. “Flight” of workers& m/ K/ ?# {3 @/ c$ l( X
68. Sanctuary
: E1 f } P7 C! ^ 69. Collective disappearance
* ?2 N7 Y- |1 I% } C5 L7 s' ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 g! ~, q9 P' d7 P
. W1 \: p: W2 ]6 K! U2 Z1 R5 p! }( j, C 6 \+ A7 k; t, p# U, X7 G% S
) O6 d* H9 y. m2 O) j2 H! h7 hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
, e! i/ X/ a! b! m' f- H 71. Consumers’ boycott
- m) k5 t4 Q" w1 ?" x* p* F 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 T# Q7 x, F3 p
73. Policy of austerity& _. m$ \# v$ Y* c
74. Rent withholding2 ? Y9 V: M* l- V% \- V- A! S1 X
75. Refusal to rent
- _( s8 }1 ]. k9 f- X 76. National consumers’ boycott
, R& _4 W# d% Y3 b Z+ D+ g 77. International consumers’ boycott0 D6 k! M- @" L9 W( L! V
. X# F; k0 t" ~1 G3 [
Action by Workers and Producers1 s \$ ?( I3 j& h1 d% {: t
78. Workmen’s boycott
) L- ], r& m' @( j; r: o0 \ 79. Producers’ boycott
) o4 o& h' H0 [; q) S+ z- a( [; z8 N) b, z2 @* a( {
Action by Middlemen. W4 h8 x' D8 F7 y0 b. U
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 s* R! J! A/ d' H, v- }# j0 ?
) q9 g ~, {' `9 q# C% FAction by Owners and Management3 O* L) m) [7 U q
81. Traders’ boycott% G# I" l+ Q/ }" r
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ @8 y/ ^1 K0 x( @; _3 }) s' x9 g 83. Lockout
& p: U! |) Y. [" | 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 V5 _2 X( O6 H- S8 y/ ? 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% X9 C) e( l9 T* B1 p' H: ~5 @, y o6 R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ z, h1 p m/ j$ F9 [8 v
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 \) z; K; v0 p2 }% w! u1 n
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 D% x& B- q: y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- _- I5 j. a* X& K7 @
89. Severance of funds and credit
9 W7 l' b! X; \' u% R6 P0 U+ ]& C6 b 90. Revenue refusal& f9 V5 [1 Q$ O3 U5 m
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 Q2 y# u& _7 t( r1 c+ G
( n+ b; _! \" Y7 V, z4 UAction by Governments
& k. l6 o2 h/ d& y f4 m, o 92. Domestic embargo; T3 x5 s4 c6 v) u! k) y% E
93. Blacklisting of traders
' C2 `: d, S4 X; z( I# @ 94. International sellers’ embargo
. v7 }5 ?0 Q+ i, f7 T g 95. International buyers’ embargo
9 m j7 `# b* s& b( L5 u3 y 96. International trade embargo3 A. l6 R) y& Y
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8 |/ ]" b9 D3 \. d) `9 N7 h2 C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes) i: W: a5 I; [! f) f6 W
97. Protest strike' |0 P+ t$ n) n8 x, z: A, F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 j8 \" I" b* d
7 U- ~, T( w5 w5 a' a% N" R$ Y% U/ A
Agricultural Strikes
$ A1 F+ c+ m z+ Y" V) O- s 99. Peasant strike j1 [* U$ ^1 F: w- G
100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 }: S8 h- k- I, c
8 S o0 f4 c$ t5 @Strikes by Special Groups! v1 v- G& P4 ~1 c6 B8 }
101. Refusal of impressed labor4 \8 i) H2 d v! e- n
102. Prisoners’ strike1 a7 p8 s- A5 r& c
103. Craft strike) ~, C: p7 M; d$ o$ b% W9 W0 d8 g
104. Professional strike7 s6 v! B L0 H7 @. c' U
" g4 D" c [. b0 Z7 EOrdinary Industrial Strikes
0 y; `1 |" D% r9 S8 A 105. Establishment strike' z7 d" e. P# D [# m
106. Industry strike* F4 p7 h1 W3 }, w8 ?, N1 q
107. Sympathetic strike) l) D7 `# v7 K* j) d$ U7 g
1 v$ B( J! P E: G" w, P% H) M0 WRestricted Strikes
" s9 m3 M g, o7 N. @5 r 108. Detailed strike
! G8 `9 X p. z6 j" _' ^9 N 109. Bumper strike
7 u8 r. O" z" d7 h" z: h 110. Slowdown strike+ h! c; Z& i/ X( t
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ C7 X( V4 p4 a5 l9 \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& K" E, W# j$ u 113. Strike by resignation+ k; J1 E' @0 D
114. Limited strike
: S0 b# Y3 Y! q( ~ 115. Selective strike/ E% E, v1 q9 n
( C3 R+ C4 ]5 F( k3 pMulti-Industry Strikes$ H7 I; q( e/ p. `7 c. ~5 G
8 R4 F) \7 F) O( u, l$ o6 M3 K 116. Generalized strike" I( g6 \$ P, D% b5 Z
( a" [3 d1 h/ p* D
117. General strike9 i: I5 n; m$ D. J$ b# J
) l8 Q9 [* n" j. _0 A! p) \
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 {+ o+ k' d; Q/ K V" u
$ b2 v; l! Y% C" L' L% i
118. Hartal
) S3 M' v5 h2 M+ S2 K9 o* B3 y# i
119. Economic shutdown' P: a1 e, ~; K t- z/ y+ y
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/ u# W- v7 d0 z3 l) w( h" U9 GTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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7 Z7 C4 g2 G/ [7 U! g+ MRejection of Authority/ ~& x# L) U- A- T
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 M `5 h) _" r( E; N$ D* U3 H
121. Refusal of public support
4 v8 g/ u8 K9 f0 e! p+ Z R; | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ E- p7 x" R1 ?" t0 w) s9 O C
$ \* O, Y- V( z6 G" \) gCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 Y0 O$ E J0 T% T; M/ u3 H' R- N! J% w 123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 S4 h. L3 Y5 }
124. Boycott of elections
/ p9 \+ r+ \9 l, G: ]5 H+ a4 K5 |2 h 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 o7 d! F3 k- p2 ~9 @3 ?; U7 d
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 V* S3 l1 J+ P! X2 z0 u8 K
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, P, t: ?! Z* @. `; w8 ]1 S3 _ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ {! A, u8 X. I, J; }8 m; |! b. z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 L! P" P5 ^2 W3 g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ s3 m& B$ F& q- {; Z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 }# X, E" X+ J+ H, H1 f: ]
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' g2 t" m, E' R3 [
6 v1 g0 x" ~0 d u. DCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ K( q+ }, j& m) z% D. F
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# f0 {9 q s6 {: ]1 u
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 r5 }" I m+ R% f5 _3 D0 V! L
135. Popular nonobedience
; F0 r, [6 P8 f$ D( w 136. Disguised disobedience5 O# V7 r5 H; P. {1 ?6 e- a
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* h/ N/ J; g! a5 C
138. Sitdown
+ W+ v3 m& T* w% E+ q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! ~& |0 Y4 [5 p% G5 Q8 N- m: {: t
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 |; w4 p; H s. T5 }9 i0 U; ] 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& i* {: }5 o: y3 j0 j$ ]6 F* |4 m
4 E+ Q7 X4 c7 B6 O+ t" N
Action by Government Personnel g S" N0 n0 K- d* j6 a
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# N z: C+ B; j6 ~9 {3 i* Y4 S
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
/ d5 i1 {3 x$ A$ c' Y, J ~( C% x 144. Stalling and obstruction
8 }. @$ ?$ t/ c! J# u: U 145. General administrative noncooperation
3 V: t) A, }* ?' |! i- c+ A4 Z0 Y5 P1 w+ K5 U
146. Judicial noncooperation. Q, o% B a# g' r v# C4 i9 k
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 f2 J& Z! [/ n' W5 B' k 148. Mutiny
$ m: _1 \5 ]/ J( D8 k. N5 vDomestic Governmental Action
% [# e0 K( A# c5 ^, Y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. l" J5 y. s' k 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 d. f- ]4 p. O, R9 }# y" ]+ E+ i8 p8 T( h# C4 d3 Y- x e
International Governmental Action( }" A& q: p# J, Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations% f% @9 Y r% t! s8 n1 }& {$ K: |/ x
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& z* w7 ?# \% o8 ^" @; R/ T& [5 w3 X
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& A, e6 Z! d7 B8 N. o1 | @
154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 M% p% i. l$ @' R
155. Withdrawal from international organizations( ~* g/ @# D0 `- V
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* L4 r' i+ C$ J1 n7 x
157. Expulsion from international organizations; M) D, x9 W% C
% H8 c4 u) w8 a) x2 {6 m ) e C- g. `( B, G
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
7 W9 G( [# R5 h: v9 n 158. Self-exposure to the elements
& G+ {( m( K& F; {1 `, G& z0 |* } 159. The fast+ p% d1 u/ Y) d1 \
a) Fast of moral pressure
$ `5 U5 n$ U! N- F. B- c( P4 f7 s6 \ b) Hunger strike
7 S, s& V7 p+ Y: Q c) Satyagrahic fast) n6 r! H2 J% p$ j1 R- g1 a
160. Reverse trial
/ U# q1 _1 |/ o. c3 v 161. Nonviolent harassment" u7 b& W2 N3 O0 g! O
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Physical Intervention3 Y. ~7 V8 z- @
162. Sit-in" }9 |8 p- i3 g
163. Stand-in7 z( G3 T4 ^2 Q% J! k1 B+ L
164. Ride-in% J% d0 k4 }: p+ M8 h
165. Wade-in+ y3 _' [- i6 g4 l1 E! }, B
166. Mill-in) s8 U. U, ?# }# V
167. Pray-in
2 P* f( e" N' w0 ~$ d% B8 F" l7 w 168. Nonviolent raids1 B" y0 \1 I0 A
169. Nonviolent air raids
z a$ Y+ a; l4 f1 Z 170. Nonviolent invasion
6 d6 J7 l9 _ r$ q 171. Nonviolent interjection
% T+ n* c# H! n1 ]3 |# k0 \( H 172. Nonviolent obstruction
: c8 v3 S$ a% k6 c5 @0 l 173. Nonviolent occupation' g4 j* `7 l, @
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Social Intervention
* d+ ~6 k) K0 n( u" c0 W/ z7 j 174. Establishing new social patterns; Z& R" w& J0 @% F
175. Overloading of facilities& h& n$ n9 ?) ~+ p
176. Stall-in1 O/ F) v* ] r0 @. B `
177. Speak-in
' T% N I$ v" F2 L, A' Z4 J* K' U 178. Guerrilla theater
- }* `) j2 u) m9 ~/ ] 179. Alternative social institutions
. W1 H5 i0 ?! ]! S4 W 180. Alternative communication system. c! B% W: w) n7 \
6 B6 R1 _' p9 }0 `0 ]. bEconomic Intervention
, A+ O4 `- ?" t8 B1 W 181. Reverse strike2 ^0 W: Z$ F) @4 k
182. Stay-in strike% {# x5 k# A% F/ M* O& _
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 E3 h+ [9 B. O7 D4 W$ Z! ?2 ?$ v 184. Defiance of blockades
. p9 h! Z$ q. J, n4 I: K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* \, b' I. `: e8 \9 D( c 186. Preclusive purchasing
- d" D# K/ S K3 e 187. Seizure of assets9 s2 \7 X/ v6 E
188. Dumping: @8 D9 _% r. ?# T u5 @. t. A! Y
189. Selective patronage- v! o, O5 Z2 K5 @) S5 F
190. Alternative markets
u$ q- ~ J7 l( t# [8 X+ V l 191. Alternative transportation systems
8 q2 e0 U; `) N2 k) V& F 192. Alternative economic institutions# O. S0 \( x) W1 a, _# @
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Political Intervention" ]8 R \ a2 S1 @0 e
193. Overloading of administrative systems; [ ~) M7 c1 A& x* b4 y7 u
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 o+ o; M: V+ |0 E) j2 G 195. Seeking imprisonment
$ g7 j7 k4 q& u( B 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
+ c' ^) R( p1 S8 U. ^ 197. Work-on without collaboration
1 {! U* Q2 w9 G( _- i" w 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 t$ v. {4 Q( x. H [& ]: J) f
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
