 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* y9 m7 U/ T! W, Y
Formal Statements6 `0 M: w% Y+ c' a% Z
1. Public Speeches( g' P# R9 m6 E2 i Y
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 Z, @% J$ r, M" y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 r. b: ]6 F9 F7 r& h6 V0 M 4. Signed public statements
" n/ J6 s- L' f- X6 E) e 5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 }6 S' X1 e0 |6 R. u
6. Group or mass petitions1 n) z* M& B! q/ O+ k! p
h/ |( x1 e0 Z( yCommunications with a Wider Audience, M( t/ Z- S9 D- g5 T
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; B7 Q% N0 b& O' I 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 e9 {' }. s/ K5 v/ H4 D6 d: J% V
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 L4 G [, Y) L/ B) ^ 10. Newspapers and journals
- ~! I+ m% `. n( B7 W 11. Records, radio, and television
& e/ p1 U/ a" E% w* V) e. { 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 s s9 n0 v# h, V- S$ X
, ^$ s2 U' m1 c# R% K- K. ^Group Representations7 l7 K. T7 `5 @9 h& }9 P( t4 L# M
13. Deputations
, v; D) `+ Z5 t* T 14. Mock awards
; k! k4 Z- B) a" t. H 15. Group lobbying
, o5 T, g) x X' ^: \* O$ I0 { 16. Picketing& p4 r" b( r. w4 N1 F* D6 j1 Z
17. Mock elections: P0 `6 Z, ^0 A5 S- @
! V) O! U+ w" S/ p2 u* d, a7 G
Symbolic Public Acts; D. F8 ~# y. H; v* s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; } w& j- T5 Q; d! b 19. Wearing of symbols, Z- c1 I9 G$ @" A/ T
20. Prayer and worship6 _0 n1 ^: a/ d9 h+ b, G
21. Delivering symbolic objects" z9 f" H$ A# K* U' U8 X5 N
22. Protest disrobings9 M0 ~. X/ y4 r3 f2 C# d3 N
23. Destruction of own property4 h7 k4 k# I7 G' m9 s
24. Symbolic lights# f, I* i( f9 O0 \! O: c8 B9 `9 v
25. Displays of portraits
* @9 j. z+ D: O7 p 26. Paint as protest# K/ S$ E. i0 g2 B
27. New signs and names
) U4 f4 X+ g2 w/ Y& v: D0 j 28. Symbolic sounds7 |9 T d, d4 i: h- G
29. Symbolic reclamations
, Q# X' \, n2 Q- E; l: O 30. Rude gestures: ?3 U9 N7 U4 L( a& G0 m, r
( i# h: Y3 y8 m4 G: e6 S6 bPressures on Individuals' g' i/ \6 A) g2 F, j9 J
31. “Haunting” officials
+ Y P r" G3 j6 ~ 32. Taunting officials1 @" m8 N N2 j' W/ I; i9 q
33. Fraternization
" m [$ t5 a5 M8 m" z 34. Vigils
, r3 w: \; v: f( N1 v. ^! P2 ^: v# h d( Z* Z* B
Drama and Music
c1 l% w, s, i, p5 [9 x; ?2 k) U1 D/ O 35. Humorous skits and pranks9 e4 |& h, ~1 K# M( w
36. Performances of plays and music
" H5 f( M6 V/ l( U" J. } 37. Singing0 v) Z4 P y1 F0 _5 M* p# y
- Q4 L c& `) b$ c) h2 s( ~- eProcessions
$ c6 w6 _! ~3 S 38. Marches
6 o# e; ]& O m j$ g 39. Parades
Z) |2 P" }( K" Z# } 40. Religious processions
# n7 B4 t1 k- \2 m/ E9 u 41. Pilgrimages
" [; Q3 p* ~3 N; U5 v; g 42. Motorcades% Y! ]" i8 f$ d6 d) e# g. j/ c* d, u6 [
- W2 [4 N ?. s8 Y1 D! t5 Z
Honoring the Dead0 Y- J" H- e/ N( U% g
43. Political mourning' y! n7 M; G: a* z- ]! l7 ?
44. Mock funerals# v( k) S, s; E$ u8 X) f, a
45. Demonstrative funerals, w( ?) m: |7 [6 o, N# z8 U
46. Homage at burial places K& w; @4 h& f3 u1 O9 g
7 \8 f. v7 X2 f: _( m6 l
Public Assemblies& H- T3 C( T2 T
47. Assemblies of protest or support1 e+ M% d( ` l" o% X4 F! Q, v8 x8 X
48. Protest meetings2 Y) p1 z8 s& X/ ]' s9 z! e
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 Q1 B5 B; @4 T% M6 ^
50. Teach-ins" }6 e6 U+ P w9 j) Z) N
. Q8 f1 ^, w' ?3 s* Y& P0 bWithdrawal and Renunciation5 S3 {+ ~& C0 h9 ?6 b1 w' a
51. Walk-outs
# y' k6 B3 t8 w$ W& n 52. Silence. x# N) A# a' o" g6 j; g' A
53. Renouncing honors- D; V* y3 s7 d; ?. `1 R- p
54. Turning one’s back
7 g8 ]3 ~' b+ Y( P( X/ X- ?" i; v% r& s: G) n, e6 b" k+ o
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ ]8 @5 r" p9 w7 W9 ~
3 }0 e: _( @# `) W3 U# q
+ F) i4 A1 J2 N0 G; K! k. N+ x% C' I$ R
Ostracism of Persons. v6 o: O7 D6 a! g" G
55. Social boycott( ~, a/ ]5 m2 g0 T. q1 S
56. Selective social boycott: d [, M9 ?$ d
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; f) d" M) S1 a 58. Excommunication5 T2 d& Z7 w) z% p
59. Interdict) v" Z- `: M$ `/ P
& }* k- `+ C; @& P% J' O
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 A- B) L) _7 Z ]8 z- M5 r! j* a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! R7 Y+ y1 w1 j, b7 m 61. Boycott of social affairs4 l6 }% Z) Q. y& \2 a; w
62. Student strike9 E0 L2 d5 [8 _3 @6 J+ m! x
63. Social disobedience
# N$ m5 @$ D/ J2 T! _8 ~: `9 W 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ D8 z* N( g1 v6 S1 Y* @2 ?8 g# D, z5 a9 A% D
Withdrawal from the Social System) H( [$ b& S- D/ Z k) \2 [
65. Stay-at-home
. q' m8 n V) |4 A3 | 66. Total personal noncooperation7 u7 u3 A# m! Z* R. o% l* a
67. “Flight” of workers1 m, s% S, X3 N# Q1 p7 k& W0 z
68. Sanctuary# D7 X8 z' m) A5 x9 p
69. Collective disappearance& [1 X4 j1 G- i* J
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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, c; [& p, I' f5 ~Actions by Consumers/ i# [% S- l6 o2 y; W; z9 R
71. Consumers’ boycott7 a8 Z% Z$ I5 \- s5 w
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% g6 E5 }: Y! H* j/ K8 ] 73. Policy of austerity0 ~ M, \0 @! \6 L/ C+ F
74. Rent withholding
+ F) l7 l0 m9 @* H 75. Refusal to rent7 q& U9 D" N/ N* ^! Q: O
76. National consumers’ boycott$ r3 S# `0 W0 Q) M; i) a
77. International consumers’ boycott: c( ~6 |4 i8 A B% _$ z
7 c) e, s3 T: \0 x) r5 ?1 Y/ \8 b
Action by Workers and Producers! N, v( P; t, A! M
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ f6 G& L& k8 Y 79. Producers’ boycott
2 R4 E, f5 I" T, l$ i$ M7 t2 ]: ?+ A4 u
Action by Middlemen/ u2 c& l1 D d5 H ^( w9 @+ o
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 C* ?' Z* \7 h3 F7 A
: D' ]( c7 s+ J5 y$ L
Action by Owners and Management
# T) n& o3 I6 _5 \$ Q2 B. R8 i8 w 81. Traders’ boycott9 S, C5 M& O. p" t y
82. Refusal to let or sell property {7 K6 U( n2 |! N' @/ j
83. Lockout
6 K ]6 W+ J& F+ j. f$ y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. O) \) j2 N% O+ K 85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 d" L2 A H/ F# H J( @' V9 ?3 _
9 f3 ~' h/ x% t% `2 l
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
$ Y( O+ T$ N1 n1 o+ Q! M0 q: n1 w+ p 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ t5 X) C, a+ d9 N9 p
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ G- `4 W9 E$ d- ~ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 y9 B6 x! ?, q/ z8 n3 c; D4 N5 ~
89. Severance of funds and credit
' u% {3 d( F9 B+ J) ]* K 90. Revenue refusal
+ d" U+ f1 U* w 91. Refusal of a government’s money
( b4 M3 A" m% {+ T8 t& h" B! i( z) n* |4 h+ j2 p
Action by Governments
3 g9 k7 [( X+ Y, X" q6 \ 92. Domestic embargo
* X6 W4 g0 _& n( \, j8 b; _ 93. Blacklisting of traders3 [" o; Z- c: j8 M7 }6 s0 b
94. International sellers’ embargo
! V! D$ Y9 F5 l w# z! ], k- U 95. International buyers’ embargo
* i5 g+ A7 s+ a8 N$ M# V 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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7 P0 W& b- [* i' D( V# n1 ZSymbolic Strikes
( \2 h: {' n; z1 v1 a% k# C 97. Protest strike
& a% _* T0 G4 H( y3 S3 d' q" I' [ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) |0 ~3 [6 x* m8 `) j, S! ^5 u2 g3 q! B7 E% W
Agricultural Strikes
4 u& n4 f2 n7 ^* W: ~' s 99. Peasant strike
. |2 i8 i K2 _3 k/ s1 n9 } 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 x# P9 M1 i) }) f8 C, K" g% y$ p7 s9 }9 F: s* A4 Y, t( e9 w. j
Strikes by Special Groups
6 f T% ?! P* r, p Y. ? 101. Refusal of impressed labor
! Q8 A) K8 z. i9 i1 ] 102. Prisoners’ strike5 n3 T2 p& s' X8 e
103. Craft strike
* q- U* W! T* n/ z8 s2 K 104. Professional strike
8 S' s. m2 J. c
( k$ G" d' z" yOrdinary Industrial Strikes
, `1 v) c ~) w) G' R9 `2 x$ E: `: ? 105. Establishment strike
% q1 C$ p5 F7 E d& a 106. Industry strike Q0 d- W, ` T7 d9 e% ]0 X/ a
107. Sympathetic strike( }+ D- T, x O
4 _3 Q: C& a! E% F# `Restricted Strikes
/ Z P( B) {& e z5 v 108. Detailed strike
7 T8 P m$ d; }+ j$ R# h3 n" ]' Y. p 109. Bumper strike
) T, Z5 X2 j1 T, F3 s8 s 110. Slowdown strike2 L: b6 z! r h2 W
111. Working-to-rule strike' _. a4 h/ G ] t; R& Q7 n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 H, r+ v- f6 s- ?; q 113. Strike by resignation
+ F, L- {" F3 J! E( Y& U: w 114. Limited strike
; W+ l; v4 K7 ]* A8 M( H8 O& G 115. Selective strike4 o f: @! Z7 e6 S" y1 k
( ~1 t2 ~7 `5 [3 C% pMulti-Industry Strikes# Q4 m# @ ?1 o7 a. T3 ^, W( H
6 q/ q7 ?" f ?' o) P5 a! p/ Y Y
116. Generalized strike* Q7 x+ R4 J n2 E9 u7 d+ F
( S, w* L) g, {1 }* u1 P 117. General strike' s$ A; I# E- Y8 o: |4 B7 G
7 e7 x1 p* w/ l) fCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 d1 P9 I1 |0 s4 k( i
; n; ]6 _4 y* S 118. Hartal- c7 f- X/ h7 B/ P
2 e) y) `" m. H9 h7 ~! ^! X4 x: i7 G 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 w: h6 J" G5 e. v. p7 q2 M9 ]: FRejection of Authority
# ^/ B9 T) M2 p/ ]2 x* V0 l% h 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! r& t/ P& x, a0 o+ {6 P1 O 121. Refusal of public support
; O6 f% b) g) h. P& M 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# k- S. x& s8 o1 l; L
8 g h+ g# j! f+ x6 s5 S$ [1 Y1 wCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 E! B' S2 [2 _: l+ J7 e
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: k" E9 `# _# I d 124. Boycott of elections! p9 f9 \% D6 n
125. Boycott of government employment and positions" W: W1 ^, C" ~% K/ }: r& S1 P
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) e( `- Z; Y8 D, }
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ d2 R8 \4 G' ]
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; R6 m4 U: ~1 F9 p 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ p3 Y1 Y: C5 g8 A; S 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# H" V' @( `6 z# \3 v8 R6 X
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- r# {( W% m, o/ U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 |. E+ `. f D7 n4 V, r8 a( w
2 I) r& I* |5 u! }Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ Y! O! M' N$ w4 t1 ?, L
133. Reluctant and slow compliance! ~ o" T+ ^8 d0 y! R' J
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- q1 ]' i* S" q) d
135. Popular nonobedience
3 A: A' ^( @9 c2 o" s 136. Disguised disobedience7 \2 w* ~* d9 t+ C/ z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* P J5 I; [5 A* C- f 138. Sitdown
% V6 b/ E$ s: L 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 Q/ ]9 P t% q; W# U0 c5 y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 z- o* R( I7 h# _
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws A5 O8 Q/ W- m5 k" u" \ l
9 z% J. l( B" d- @8 ?5 }/ S
Action by Government Personnel6 o9 B7 m" {0 W- i
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" E4 ^2 H. m2 W" u. \7 H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information) D9 b r" d% S) g
144. Stalling and obstruction* f2 K8 ~( s0 Z- |
145. General administrative noncooperation' ]! _) `* a$ X
u1 D9 p- T) @* ?6 t2 M9 x 146. Judicial noncooperation
9 ^% O* N+ ]) ~- B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" v6 Q! q1 ]8 Y- @. \* P
148. Mutiny
S% `& z3 E2 n6 g4 z- X% gDomestic Governmental Action
3 _7 Z7 h7 o* M. N( I$ [# m 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# K; Z7 B# d6 V0 t4 Z) ?9 y& o 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ A3 y# V. }8 t) b
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International Governmental Action( O/ G2 A z: N2 V- C0 d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- S# ~3 C8 O5 C* n+ m+ q; U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( E7 l- H# G# d
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ x, \& Q7 g, ?; J$ z1 y0 C
154. Severance of diplomatic relations, w9 G; X a; l0 t- e: [- H6 H7 x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 S" J% V# X/ w7 C: Y) P 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: P* M3 Q3 ]4 r
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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; k" r. ]9 _. r. V3 v1 d/ K& p$ TTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
) i7 s+ u F# K/ F 158. Self-exposure to the elements
: w- c! u: m1 B4 A6 b 159. The fast: f% m5 k8 G; _5 m5 F1 X
a) Fast of moral pressure* f7 }7 R7 Q% L( Y) ~( T* ~
b) Hunger strike- g3 U! z9 S; T' R" V4 z& A
c) Satyagrahic fast
0 [2 e: D, `' M 160. Reverse trial
. ]0 k- t4 V5 D/ k5 [ 161. Nonviolent harassment/ Y' F5 h" s2 ~; d) B' S( ?; O
# Z% W+ ~. j" Z2 B
Physical Intervention: j# m' d. N) p4 m. u2 ?
162. Sit-in: t2 H& D" l( P+ h8 t2 s& D
163. Stand-in: s; |4 C4 o; ]! J, @- G
164. Ride-in
2 q2 p% A+ a F! z3 D 165. Wade-in0 W6 I3 ~2 t2 W* Z) {6 J
166. Mill-in
! A9 |) s- n0 S4 e 167. Pray-in
; Q1 I0 Z: J0 q 168. Nonviolent raids4 \5 r7 Y' n. y, r% N5 u: k
169. Nonviolent air raids
6 Y/ o1 K! d5 _; A3 p" d+ \$ ?5 Z 170. Nonviolent invasion4 ~: X# y2 ?8 ?& c2 n
171. Nonviolent interjection& p7 i# P- a9 b) n' r
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 Y7 P& w4 k! D. V' t1 T; y 173. Nonviolent occupation0 d6 L% g3 m9 o! U$ _; _* i$ I
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Social Intervention, g' \; j" v( R" z2 J( k
174. Establishing new social patterns
. A9 `6 }1 U* @1 o 175. Overloading of facilities9 y* e! c; z& [# J2 V& g
176. Stall-in
& a4 O" t% Y$ e7 z/ [' A1 t 177. Speak-in
. I: k3 W. R1 J+ Q: s 178. Guerrilla theater
/ \) l3 k" `- l& m! b 179. Alternative social institutions
6 |+ E- q: Y0 u) n9 Z* x 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention" Q) i5 m1 u/ V- l5 H
181. Reverse strike9 z; Y6 N6 P7 z# m1 c
182. Stay-in strike
' G6 X$ x) d2 g/ t; G+ n8 ?6 b! b 183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ `6 `2 C L1 h4 M; m" n5 J 184. Defiance of blockades
: ?# i- L. w$ n' m 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 C/ P7 B$ V: A7 L% O3 D3 D7 Y h
186. Preclusive purchasing
& K- e1 E' Y' ^. U$ _ 187. Seizure of assets0 _- k1 Q" v- m! E* I
188. Dumping
) }% Q/ \. i# i" S+ u. Y9 B 189. Selective patronage: \9 j7 r0 G$ I* N. {9 `
190. Alternative markets
% W' Z. M- K7 `8 J a8 b: q. K2 L. ^ 191. Alternative transportation systems& A( B- x6 O" |8 Y# j
192. Alternative economic institutions5 i) v' h- ]( o3 O7 Z
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Political Intervention
3 e2 q" m) R, G- T# h% _ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
* U$ K% ] \" `' C) A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
M9 G' L( p; H' g: O, V 195. Seeking imprisonment6 m* c1 L$ ?9 q, K6 c) Z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; j9 w% W4 n, E4 c7 p6 F 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 M( H: e" `3 O w0 b 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
