 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! Q1 N e3 }. m4 f9 u/ b
Formal Statements
+ \3 C7 z& X/ H/ x/ Z 1. Public Speeches6 A$ z9 i% J8 d- \
2. Letters of opposition or support# ]7 O8 ?7 C1 S4 m
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; R# P) @& v! E5 e( @' Z2 K
4. Signed public statements5 l M( S6 q5 D# r8 T: m" z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ i4 o' Y" M; U8 K9 S- X" m
6. Group or mass petitions2 x# L( l9 l8 V, I% A
, M4 L. Q" ~$ ~! f( {; BCommunications with a Wider Audience5 e/ z4 V6 C+ m1 K7 U+ ~2 Y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 z( K1 ~/ h7 k: ^& g 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) E; d6 _' m2 S! ? 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 j6 i7 ^) k. d 10. Newspapers and journals
+ e9 \. y( t9 f 11. Records, radio, and television! a# b& `) f0 K3 `9 j
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: j; X. h- i/ a! y @1 L4 H
: f" b- ]! B. w# oGroup Representations
# Z& X' S1 E0 Y0 [, }* @ 13. Deputations
% R: V0 O) \) ]5 U 14. Mock awards& S+ j8 ^* B1 T1 h+ I! M5 }
15. Group lobbying0 n8 R' m- I# j: O7 p- K% W' |
16. Picketing
) `2 V6 W$ ~: ?0 H 17. Mock elections2 D/ q" |2 E i2 u$ e6 l" {1 A( u
, Y, d! A' L& _- e# T, S& n, T4 [0 }% DSymbolic Public Acts1 H" m( A4 I9 A
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! k; c$ ^9 c5 B$ i 19. Wearing of symbols
) R# w/ d4 G1 {0 x 20. Prayer and worship
% ^, [$ K% F7 F! q3 U 21. Delivering symbolic objects( R. ^: E- V) P L b5 c5 s, K
22. Protest disrobings
& H% p9 F3 F9 A) h 23. Destruction of own property( ], g1 M0 U6 }6 J+ {- k$ ` m
24. Symbolic lights* t2 f, `3 F! g& Y
25. Displays of portraits
8 x4 T% m$ n6 Q2 h4 d/ o; M 26. Paint as protest
# O. X h( W# r1 p. [+ Z 27. New signs and names" M( A! I/ E2 W: v0 r0 G
28. Symbolic sounds
7 \! c2 i. |' j/ q1 m/ U Y* k 29. Symbolic reclamations
. ^0 r, p; O9 ?" {8 I5 u 30. Rude gestures
- Y, G' f+ [! t. e1 g, ~& h" ]" F9 K
Pressures on Individuals+ Y4 S1 ^ S ] L$ q& ]6 l
31. “Haunting” officials& l) u# m( |# X' O; z
32. Taunting officials
' Q3 M" Y! I& s 33. Fraternization* O0 S U; `; Q/ F
34. Vigils+ R% |6 g: h" r
7 D6 C) P; ]4 [/ |% m! d# A0 {9 i0 tDrama and Music$ W. b, A; l+ R# F6 y
35. Humorous skits and pranks
# i: _. \, E; V8 r9 T 36. Performances of plays and music* B" O% b8 w& r' l& c: ?$ x: p L
37. Singing
4 L) {% p9 Y0 r) C$ Z( L0 D Q2 X
3 @4 v8 G8 G O& YProcessions3 F( T# F' z3 g- T0 \
38. Marches
" l/ _& e7 s& |" O+ r 39. Parades
6 \8 I5 q. |9 q2 `5 X7 a# t6 D 40. Religious processions
& E7 Z! i! i& e- s# ?* E) u" U; e 41. Pilgrimages& `: D8 ~3 ^ U+ P2 o* e* ~
42. Motorcades+ u" S. w" Y' @' P( z* K! \
2 |/ K; L1 i. L; fHonoring the Dead
2 H# P! ~; G0 u4 I! t( ]% v1 l 43. Political mourning
9 R. l* n* C* M7 _! V8 L 44. Mock funerals
9 v# l+ e" j. k: z3 h 45. Demonstrative funerals
; Z6 b! w( |5 N) k- s5 `% V% O% m% f 46. Homage at burial places# L# e; T& y! ?" x9 y
+ N9 c; a# D& `5 e3 z' O! v0 W9 aPublic Assemblies. k, f5 U* |: `" @* e. L7 @- r
47. Assemblies of protest or support
; G5 m# f3 t. H; } 48. Protest meetings
- ]! W/ w& }9 `3 U3 t6 L9 r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 E/ H5 i) [$ `4 N 50. Teach-ins
) B- N9 }8 D( J J& |
/ z V) ]+ b8 }9 `; LWithdrawal and Renunciation* Z) R* z; g$ e9 T' `
51. Walk-outs, j3 }1 b& ^ {0 C9 a2 Z/ U7 H
52. Silence) L1 t/ P C& k; H
53. Renouncing honors7 m5 v- F, s2 N* n
54. Turning one’s back' W6 w1 N* ~( c1 m& d
: E6 l& d% n& @/ h9 j
* d' k+ T/ e0 P( P6 B
) c% u4 Z. Z. M' |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
5 j4 b: ~- V& V( B3 ]& H# ?% P( M* W/ J3 b
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& [! t& o; U: e d% S$ x9 B- R
Ostracism of Persons
' Q; \0 O( i7 ^8 L" ]- s6 P 55. Social boycott) ~) @6 C& g, h' ~+ W/ {& a
56. Selective social boycott
( _* }( |2 F$ w" u3 @8 Q. k/ x 57. Lysistratic nonaction: z, D. a R/ k, M
58. Excommunication
* O. J3 G+ U) y, f+ l$ ^ 59. Interdict1 q- i$ g! T9 N& W' k
1 e" Y" f6 L$ Q% r1 s8 INoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 C( ?8 \" i$ E! ~+ R8 |3 o, }
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
M" D& X1 |) l+ V) i 61. Boycott of social affairs
, N2 }6 v# C# E8 `3 y7 c/ h! ^% @ 62. Student strike
! K! H& d. a8 t; p% ?! Q 63. Social disobedience/ G& `9 t4 `( W5 [; D* L% P( d
64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ c' D+ x7 ~: E: G. v6 E
4 Y2 ]- Z" \' `3 uWithdrawal from the Social System
- v$ F& n+ V; ]6 M/ U3 { 65. Stay-at-home
% _; }+ a$ v; d! I 66. Total personal noncooperation2 a4 G0 V- m2 D( x+ j
67. “Flight” of workers
; d% ]: {+ q" I, O/ a7 W B) J" P \& p 68. Sanctuary6 s; M7 F1 K: I. S6 @1 P8 b$ x
69. Collective disappearance
8 I- k2 N/ V7 S1 L; \, ` 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)6 [$ d4 _- A( i, D" Q5 J: B% ?
6 b5 K" l) v+ P$ Z/ H 7 E. I0 g( ^& X' k: ~# V+ l9 u5 }
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& v- I9 `7 o9 a, r
4 S. M6 v+ @$ {- F9 Y2 x
* k' i6 `% b# J: _ ~6 SActions by Consumers
+ ]: C. S/ c# M# r! ~ 71. Consumers’ boycott
. m+ r$ E6 Z$ W; |6 m( ]4 [7 @7 y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- @6 g7 e3 A$ F- n; m1 F: S 73. Policy of austerity2 v) X6 \' P, e7 M
74. Rent withholding
/ j! m2 F9 |( S 75. Refusal to rent
2 {' ~1 ?! u! ?4 F B3 N/ b- y- Q 76. National consumers’ boycott% e$ F4 K" S6 o
77. International consumers’ boycott
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1 y- l: {, `0 e5 \! u; S; d: LAction by Workers and Producers' w6 b3 w. E9 G- v9 N# ^! Q
78. Workmen’s boycott0 p! Z, p3 g: a" D
79. Producers’ boycott+ `, t! W- o' X, E1 a2 T, _
( ~# I m7 |8 w, A p1 rAction by Middlemen. I+ K9 z% l3 \* F ?/ Z* a8 k2 L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( m W& {! {* y
6 ?! |9 G4 u& U2 X% U5 `8 A: pAction by Owners and Management: c2 b6 C1 I% J5 g: z: Q
81. Traders’ boycott4 I& C- ~9 M- n: K2 w
82. Refusal to let or sell property
S. m- f6 z3 T9 u, w/ ]4 j2 O& [ 83. Lockout
( ]1 C2 i8 J+ y. |8 F 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
% Y; P2 T$ ? }6 `3 R 85. Merchants’ “general strike”8 Y9 K# m! P0 X( b
9 w/ }( K: y: k# J& EAction by Holders of Financial Resources: C6 r1 @' \6 a {* ]
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 p' C" H: \6 H- ?# d0 K
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) K# Y' u c6 I$ o! @0 I# i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
5 i% g: e- G3 R) f/ X: L4 f: H( V 89. Severance of funds and credit
* `8 i" X7 o8 Z 90. Revenue refusal
! I7 z* ]1 C) B" v% u 91. Refusal of a government’s money+ v8 V+ r& \* q+ G
7 X' Y+ A. G; N+ s4 p! T
Action by Governments
3 J6 n6 i7 w; \2 {- O 92. Domestic embargo6 ]* Y) I* r" M( X# r o7 P8 P
93. Blacklisting of traders$ Z! i) E$ Z! ?. k- I% i
94. International sellers’ embargo
+ ~2 b9 X* ]3 _2 [* G 95. International buyers’ embargo0 {7 _5 x6 H, h5 H9 F, b. w9 x4 f
96. International trade embargo0 A1 V1 v, Q+ I6 m9 I ?; @
2 k4 Z" X8 a1 _2 [& ^6 i5 l' X
# F8 F+ k% g- \) f* v6 G: {/ W
( }% q. ^8 n6 a8 x: y) STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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1 {5 b$ R' a" c+ t # p8 y4 Y0 [3 o9 Q9 D( W+ x" F
Symbolic Strikes: V! V- E; p* I( t; R- i
97. Protest strike) {& w" Z& i* s3 r/ F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; F/ q, T5 q l+ _; Z" i( B. A" Q' ?
Agricultural Strikes
+ E( r% N3 E7 p ]; f6 x$ t+ V8 @ 99. Peasant strike$ |7 i9 W$ N, W9 m2 Q4 ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike6 r5 D$ r# |0 b5 l9 P
' I ^: w, X. F1 j) V
Strikes by Special Groups% J! H/ W) H# j+ F
101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 w6 d) {. W1 o" N 102. Prisoners’ strike
S* H& |# I7 X3 ?' ~. v9 J 103. Craft strike
3 p& |/ `8 Y( ^( N2 T 104. Professional strike
) r( R8 }! e2 K& q7 Q, K
' n, f- n: r! }" O9 _1 WOrdinary Industrial Strikes
! |! O) H2 T4 t; ?. x8 o2 e; O) d 105. Establishment strike
) p4 T' a2 [+ p9 y' x 106. Industry strike/ [ ^- o5 ^# h
107. Sympathetic strike' @2 U: N" ?" @8 B O
1 M" A- E( Z4 u" E: O' |
Restricted Strikes1 D! S5 b$ Z! q2 z, L% P& \
108. Detailed strike" a" {6 Z1 t: I. ~5 |& }0 e+ d5 Z4 \
109. Bumper strike
- V; q5 ~6 `# u3 w 110. Slowdown strike
& z ?* C: P* u2 a* q 111. Working-to-rule strike3 b4 }+ \ t* U) z3 L
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 ~1 _4 V' u5 a1 m l 113. Strike by resignation+ _1 ^: H- X f2 Y; `
114. Limited strike
' y% |& B- Q9 H0 o 115. Selective strike
" N/ H0 ~% J4 f% q/ d. u7 Z3 I# r n. u/ ^' g! U
Multi-Industry Strikes
/ U) R% q- }' I- q/ ]+ A% [7 @ L: z/ @$ `4 F2 P9 _: v4 K% o1 r
116. Generalized strike
. E: N* N; U5 ]
" Q, {* G3 G8 r& X$ U, H 117. General strike
3 G% Q8 @! S# n1 {0 F, U8 Y( i3 q+ H; X: P7 V7 |3 l
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. c1 ~1 ^, E1 g
- x. h! u. e P; e8 t- d 118. Hartal
. [/ B. i+ c+ q% \+ ~9 P- R
6 k" \5 c. g" b" ^) a4 l 119. Economic shutdown: M* E% Q/ y. e- c( |9 x
2 r& m3 d9 |8 ` j* C& z' Q
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V- o& Q2 C8 p7 K# e9 j. x9 T5 ATHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: G( [+ X9 j& G0 j
6 ]# \+ d) n3 j6 N! Z3 t [8 F
3 T8 ]$ ^. }7 Z9 ^/ c6 d" R+ lRejection of Authority+ }" u3 |' w$ a! d+ p1 t; q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; V: a/ d! W5 K5 z
121. Refusal of public support
8 I4 O! ^, |) f1 P1 I9 M& Q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 g! t; b7 C) b' V7 m
5 t. q% _# r! P. _' _) @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 Y, y" a2 _; v8 N; _4 p 123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 f4 c- A3 n( f' k U! \! f0 A2 F5 w
124. Boycott of elections% e" Y; y# r! \5 E5 _, v
125. Boycott of government employment and positions: J/ A6 O7 g# |4 r" j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 ?) ]9 S& u1 }7 d" t 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" x' R4 x! e4 e( }7 S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 u& I7 i' b( I* b8 {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
; g" i" Q, k) Q: K( c, D2 P 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: \( A/ I$ b+ t1 G# ]2 N; S 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, ~) l) e5 J0 \5 G7 M, g" t 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. l" S, o e# }! `) H
7 @7 k( _% A2 ]- y& \
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( F0 g4 V0 F: H7 i( S1 l# R. ] 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) a/ L. [3 d) K9 J4 z( C
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 [6 [/ E: S) V9 P; J* t
135. Popular nonobedience7 x* R. K" p1 b* g0 W1 t ~; |
136. Disguised disobedience
( |% Z% }. I. ^/ I3 u6 O6 J 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 h1 p2 w: f% E& j; a4 x 138. Sitdown
6 m7 ` n, n( w ]" e& ^ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation, r9 J. q v m7 @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* u( d1 L8 _0 i5 l) q* `
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 Y% O h3 k' X! `
" ^' _/ l2 Z4 n; P2 K' bAction by Government Personnel
% f9 Q! Y2 h* K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# q' b. k2 v( L0 a* D 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 k) y2 K& Z0 ^. _: `! F! Z* d) r 144. Stalling and obstruction2 w+ v9 r6 ? ] U! Y7 i ~
145. General administrative noncooperation
/ \) ^+ K, h$ M
+ m8 [+ t1 w0 P" {. D" Z4 ^) Y* j 146. Judicial noncooperation
; B/ [: ]: A. A- }0 K! S) j6 _ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 a: Q* Z7 d% }, j. U! v6 O 148. Mutiny
l- h. Y9 p9 u5 w, S( T0 WDomestic Governmental Action0 L" R1 \# k0 ?1 } d0 T- h5 E
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 k& W- O) W% _
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 K/ L1 I. W) E7 L& ~- f
0 n0 S8 a/ @6 N1 nInternational Governmental Action
3 M2 J7 k' R) J; {- B% c) j; { 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 {- W- u ]1 [ y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* C* n* |/ k/ a- h# f 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" H7 Q+ J; J/ p& U0 J; {
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 O4 \$ C$ r& b2 k- r: U5 T8 Z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 p) U6 ?' z/ X" j9 v 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
: o8 h* g7 g; L 157. Expulsion from international organizations3 z5 X" g+ s* A8 n
1 V5 x6 O5 g/ Y7 s6 }
2 d. t3 p1 z- q3 n7 D# |
$ g- t( E0 a+ V/ y9 s5 q, QTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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7 x- _2 {7 |8 t! Q0 I F4 ~- u
Psychological Intervention
$ u! w1 F' q+ l7 E$ {0 X& l2 b 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 P; }! M% w: l9 L6 t$ k 159. The fast
3 V" ^+ d0 E7 X+ u a) Fast of moral pressure
1 h1 U6 K1 w k, o# p" j b) Hunger strike: @6 s# {# d5 g: N/ e7 n/ C* I
c) Satyagrahic fast
8 X' R, g; o( \4 v* C! s" C# K 160. Reverse trial
3 Z7 w3 p- q% J- V 161. Nonviolent harassment
, K6 L6 [/ U0 F
/ y# S8 K# Q; [$ GPhysical Intervention5 ^: `) {% y4 P. I' v: j$ a- f, l
162. Sit-in
4 B6 h/ h2 t( a* l3 ^5 @+ v6 H 163. Stand-in+ ^# f4 T& C& M$ s* _0 G
164. Ride-in
2 `& I1 K- o M, U% i1 Z+ \ 165. Wade-in' \+ a6 v7 f" W/ d* e
166. Mill-in' _0 G# F4 y9 u# R' v: X: Q
167. Pray-in, B/ A0 P: h: W( U( p
168. Nonviolent raids0 a( l, \/ Y+ D
169. Nonviolent air raids
: d# u6 A6 x* r( \ 170. Nonviolent invasion
- ~' L) E% i6 @ 171. Nonviolent interjection8 u6 C9 B8 h: n1 |: [, m0 m
172. Nonviolent obstruction: I' a# V( J9 u \
173. Nonviolent occupation
" k; d& w0 M) J$ ?2 F2 u6 J( b+ [9 H. U, A: P$ v
Social Intervention5 P" v! A1 R/ z% b+ j+ S
174. Establishing new social patterns
- U2 K( [) f+ B6 Y3 t. c 175. Overloading of facilities
6 n) k$ e5 v% p/ P8 F1 f, | 176. Stall-in
7 B* ]1 J& ~6 p' Y5 @ 177. Speak-in7 B1 M7 k0 X. s! E% ]7 x
178. Guerrilla theater# e6 Z! ]2 [3 n+ @) A3 t
179. Alternative social institutions
# l: b5 ^0 E8 i. a 180. Alternative communication system, ~2 r2 D+ u1 s! ^
. K; W0 _+ z3 B! |2 m3 H# r
Economic Intervention% S5 }8 j$ Q* T6 v0 x: d( N) A
181. Reverse strike+ }* w1 [( a- A$ J& ~
182. Stay-in strike
: ?2 p6 d1 @% d5 @) \ 183. Nonviolent land seizure6 E0 `% O2 F9 _! |; j! v
184. Defiance of blockades
; U9 y! _6 g% [) X4 A$ J, P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 i* o: U8 H1 \- ]0 | O
186. Preclusive purchasing# A. D/ o; n8 q2 m$ `
187. Seizure of assets
& M9 K- {( T" L 188. Dumping! v; L! h6 r1 ?8 k
189. Selective patronage! _, |7 s5 J: K$ M* p1 [
190. Alternative markets
- Z' s6 r9 @. \2 r/ o; O- K. D, z 191. Alternative transportation systems
/ e; g1 _* ?( J3 }3 q9 l4 ?; _ 192. Alternative economic institutions
8 w( W3 o5 Z1 z
3 G2 g8 \5 R9 v& H+ ~; l6 [Political Intervention
r# {& ~1 @7 G; m5 ?) y 193. Overloading of administrative systems2 C; n* |- z2 `3 |4 m: h
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: ?9 F; G( P. [) W0 I9 c 195. Seeking imprisonment5 n7 C; t9 h4 y( l
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ \$ H6 J' e# r% h x
197. Work-on without collaboration: C ~3 r3 Z8 j$ y& G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* ~8 R: o& }6 y Z; ]
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
