 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 o" c7 o" ^ Q9 [8 C. f
Formal Statements
! l R$ V t& d& L' u { 1. Public Speeches: s9 V q& G' A3 s
2. Letters of opposition or support, ? D- Q9 d( f: A8 N% B3 a
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
?, N: ~) u& ~ 4. Signed public statements
" m& h# Q' W7 w+ h# H7 R3 s 5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 w2 ?& r3 K% f. L5 M+ p( `
6. Group or mass petitions
6 v& |& Q' z# B, h& j4 g, s; A* O, x Z3 K0 ~% ^1 f
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ E0 N. _+ @# X% k5 a 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- n0 J% i( Z3 t0 j% y/ H 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: Q$ D/ U0 ]# `+ c6 [" ~2 p( S 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* R- w0 B/ M3 i$ a 10. Newspapers and journals$ L$ S& w: M/ l
11. Records, radio, and television
& z- p0 T" X0 `5 W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 J. \+ ~& ^2 W J
) W9 c, W; k! H& D
Group Representations: J! D& q/ D; {! o3 c$ v
13. Deputations
8 G- }! `9 j4 a; Q. T l 14. Mock awards
( q; |) @- V/ g! K P- l, W 15. Group lobbying1 B9 E, u0 ]' g; P
16. Picketing2 E! R" d9 Z' `/ J( Y6 W8 k; R; q
17. Mock elections
+ H( }# A( Q- d) @7 U( [, S @9 B7 K
Symbolic Public Acts9 Q3 Z, E, X4 T! U+ X- N
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) p0 Z& r" y+ a 19. Wearing of symbols
; | ^* {" x, W! z5 Z; | 20. Prayer and worship
- j L; _% [6 t 21. Delivering symbolic objects' }: R/ x: c6 Y: U+ c
22. Protest disrobings' M5 j. e6 ?# P# M4 |1 _
23. Destruction of own property4 c7 C5 O+ k3 U8 \% p' z0 Q
24. Symbolic lights
( v+ n1 G% Y$ i* c- n* @1 p1 ~ 25. Displays of portraits
# @9 u/ x4 d) B/ [1 C7 T3 \ 26. Paint as protest
9 f6 f3 @+ E( a, E- ?: n8 Y0 \ 27. New signs and names
9 }! p1 O7 x2 F$ I6 e% V 28. Symbolic sounds
B: r1 R" ~0 W! ~ 29. Symbolic reclamations1 ~, J/ }: D4 v) T4 |
30. Rude gestures2 f/ O! W3 d+ _/ [ |
* s" k) y- j& u. T- J
Pressures on Individuals5 c. R7 N9 C @" a0 A8 [# a
31. “Haunting” officials: b3 R6 O2 o: p, o0 ~ z: F% O5 z
32. Taunting officials: T* i9 _% h5 I' l
33. Fraternization
$ F0 |" C- q$ |+ L5 u" L 34. Vigils8 l* h# Q' h- o; d
- ?% {0 e# I# x7 U% t6 N/ P/ ]
Drama and Music' P( R- o7 X7 `8 s$ m1 M
35. Humorous skits and pranks# j0 X" w. _/ s' ^
36. Performances of plays and music0 W5 N( ~: w% d6 ?$ C6 Y& N) F" d
37. Singing
: j* v( K# `( S0 t4 F+ Y
0 `8 L2 f0 Y2 @, A2 ~ i3 |/ I: B1 tProcessions* ~ A. Q: i& P* E
38. Marches$ r1 R1 @3 `0 }: X: D% Q1 O6 P" t
39. Parades3 D5 A8 b+ O% D& C5 P' a: H {+ d
40. Religious processions
& W5 ?0 o; ~; b. q; q9 Q9 Y 41. Pilgrimages
+ e4 y- H; ^( X; x O1 T 42. Motorcades
* r1 @4 S" G4 m' e
) V6 o) j7 u- GHonoring the Dead, X6 v* M( {0 W O
43. Political mourning2 n; E% P( ^1 r6 g; i! e3 X6 C
44. Mock funerals/ y, o2 r6 m+ F$ n" p1 |
45. Demonstrative funerals5 K3 A1 m6 h' N
46. Homage at burial places- E) x7 \1 u2 L* }/ p* O
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Public Assemblies
; o. F( f u5 u5 e 47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 N# T% D$ ]7 _+ T 48. Protest meetings
+ \+ v- [3 j' r$ ~+ D 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" }. s/ z' U+ N/ S
50. Teach-ins; a" T/ u9 m0 j- g, H5 ]9 ?
! ?( s5 J+ R$ s4 v8 S4 L
Withdrawal and Renunciation
, u/ B! k; B/ o# @ 51. Walk-outs
8 N5 N" ?; l9 e7 W9 C: b 52. Silence
. Z4 ?; A4 f! c. A& e 53. Renouncing honors
7 O% |2 O9 c6 @9 ^2 g {& C B 54. Turning one’s back8 o2 v4 q4 [0 p$ ^5 F8 J D- ^
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ h7 V% g- ~6 k7 k
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Ostracism of Persons
# j+ Z/ [6 g8 L0 N; E 55. Social boycott- O. a4 a! P3 ~3 g
56. Selective social boycott: W# L8 [5 ^6 ]" S0 A2 i
57. Lysistratic nonaction7 L% u* B: d7 d: X; w( j
58. Excommunication
0 |! T, ~) ~" E: F7 f( C 59. Interdict
3 H, ]% g9 { _8 K9 _/ \6 m" q% c* h4 f9 e2 o
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( k3 C% O8 t/ j: V. E7 O+ k; D% e5 g& L 60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 J' ?! n# t: ]# z
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 T4 V7 d- _7 i' Z( u 62. Student strike- s* Z% g9 X- {& A5 O; K
63. Social disobedience. X6 q/ I' G% p% T
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 O# C& Y2 d+ O8 h1 d I N( T6 T+ s+ C& ^8 K" b; _4 U$ N
Withdrawal from the Social System
' {# Y8 k0 O. n8 q0 U4 p) u 65. Stay-at-home4 v& e7 f) \: S# q+ j. M1 G0 w
66. Total personal noncooperation
* A) p% V7 Z& W1 O 67. “Flight” of workers7 u: h; t) ?' P- Z
68. Sanctuary/ y# N7 l) ~# T; D' M
69. Collective disappearance- R5 c4 A7 |3 t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 L2 e- f# s: F8 ~. j( Q0 m- E9 n+ S5 U
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3 ^7 S7 O3 p' |: \6 z2 mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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f: N8 [4 h" [3 B/ L$ {Actions by Consumers
- U, ^+ u# c0 k; r( W 71. Consumers’ boycott
. p. `7 Y2 M3 `" v* J 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: w; a6 n4 l) S& s
73. Policy of austerity
5 I _2 d- K2 U 74. Rent withholding
0 s/ j6 O/ w3 ]! X c 75. Refusal to rent
8 G5 f! k6 ?# ?4 z0 U! I/ j+ } I3 U 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 C! Y8 I$ |, f$ u! E1 m. |" L 77. International consumers’ boycott O5 Q5 S) `" s# d5 L7 J! T
" F+ h9 l0 K6 u3 |2 h2 Z4 bAction by Workers and Producers! j2 T- E& Q ^
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 v6 e* U1 m5 D7 g 79. Producers’ boycott
( o/ v& I X0 N3 ^6 H; {6 r, X4 D
Action by Middlemen
3 C* I/ }3 j" m: U+ m( G 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( }; ~$ }% H; F+ v8 f" g6 A+ G
' H: z& I9 }* S$ }- j
Action by Owners and Management, [+ B' h0 B. d# w2 t1 H
81. Traders’ boycott
0 p' \8 D2 i- _8 j9 S- W0 r 82. Refusal to let or sell property
& i- l4 X- l$ q( L1 U 83. Lockout
& G& J3 D8 V) |, ^8 q 84. Refusal of industrial assistance& s- r3 a( F& I; o' x2 X, }% ^
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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! g8 J1 |0 ~8 QAction by Holders of Financial Resources
. \! @* @$ ], G! r 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 _3 @# F: H* E# H' i
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ K: O- ]1 ~' Y0 W! \! Q3 W
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% O/ L7 w6 X G4 Y: Z0 Q/ B& I3 n 89. Severance of funds and credit
' }8 t9 ~2 x! { 90. Revenue refusal3 i+ A/ S' Q3 b) F% b9 M
91. Refusal of a government’s money! U7 w3 T% P! w
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Action by Governments/ R6 ~9 A) _; L! _0 I4 K+ V9 y8 ^- y: W
92. Domestic embargo* q5 [4 o- m8 p( j, v* }
93. Blacklisting of traders8 `# `: a# x7 W' c& X& c% B
94. International sellers’ embargo! G9 w' u5 p, _ A
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 i) G0 j" c( x 96. International trade embargo* V# T7 b8 c/ F
+ e0 V; ]$ _9 y8 M7 U " ]6 z/ U9 R! p) M$ m2 p J) M
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE i' I: X/ D5 Z4 ]( P# a
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Symbolic Strikes
) i2 s4 y3 l/ x 97. Protest strike
8 h: }) _) @8 _% p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; H- \5 n6 |8 k4 t/ ?# I: E- P" S0 i# \$ R8 |2 N1 }2 a
Agricultural Strikes
* I8 C# y% H2 x A/ @% T 99. Peasant strike
N. k. j3 n! I( K% C3 k 100. Farm Workers’ strike
. T( I/ R }: V0 V4 L) l/ D+ N. [. u9 W* G/ u0 k" [" {3 M0 i
Strikes by Special Groups) S! a+ c/ k4 |! ]: \
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 S7 y0 c$ I4 _: ] 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ w1 j+ `4 n, b 103. Craft strike8 C' \+ c) v/ m3 n7 Z% ]3 G
104. Professional strike1 C4 M/ X1 y6 [6 c- [
$ F7 M2 J, z% z3 ?$ D+ T+ Y$ ^/ e9 iOrdinary Industrial Strikes' d, T4 O6 {2 J/ K. v
105. Establishment strike
o) H% ~" t) R# R& q 106. Industry strike/ Q- ?* b+ O; D3 m% k
107. Sympathetic strike
" [. G7 B* ~# } t0 L* n7 {' W. c1 P5 O, K L" `9 p4 S. j- C7 k
Restricted Strikes
9 \3 S6 \$ E) c+ z9 q# y! l 108. Detailed strike6 `5 I: Q) u8 u& h7 h
109. Bumper strike
6 z& u, z. g- f' D; G/ w/ [ e" t 110. Slowdown strike
3 E: r2 Y7 _. X5 v7 ` 111. Working-to-rule strike
) v) Y* s5 }; Q0 b6 W 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 }8 W$ | `2 g( @+ N 113. Strike by resignation& L' K$ Z8 `/ Z' g! t
114. Limited strike+ k2 S* m2 F- J) v& U# n3 p
115. Selective strike) A7 P: j0 d, h1 X* K- h+ e" R G
. y1 h# R1 T" ?6 n# n; P8 z5 PMulti-Industry Strikes2 ~# t# S" N+ E1 @1 R& {3 {
* I/ S8 E0 I! Y; ^( [$ E! K1 X) Y
116. Generalized strike" y6 I0 w; u/ \! _+ y6 v9 e$ C5 g# y
( ~. n6 N/ k1 q( J 117. General strike1 | {% E# X$ S8 z. b) |
: _5 ~% U8 @7 S6 F o+ |Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% F, F6 O3 U* R
2 z' c* |3 M9 Q, Q 118. Hartal/ T! B* N) n% c) O: j
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority' m, _+ p/ |$ f) k* O9 K$ r
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ K- c; _ n/ F( r: p; C& t
121. Refusal of public support5 f) `/ M; K4 W& {& H; ?
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% q3 M' C6 b/ W5 q! J6 i; | g/ H( @9 P3 o7 Y1 j- H- A' I
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ \& |, j r. o) n0 k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 g" g4 i: ^1 G" H$ H- l
124. Boycott of elections
% D3 F' L+ G6 e+ ?9 L2 V8 J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- H/ H; {: s, M7 z% I
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* ^5 M6 Z/ X- I9 ? 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 z+ G2 K i$ X, e# _2 O5 f5 l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 V: l5 F+ L- `' Z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 c/ a4 T2 G9 ~ @0 n8 I" K
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 W( C+ A; I- F; t/ m4 b/ {- v* G
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 @# A+ \+ H9 k( K. ?7 y1 s% z 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% `: Y1 [* L. J; W; M
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' m; t p" f1 J; w6 Z* i 133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 ~' L' |- i" M- I/ W5 F! L
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ H! j) {5 S$ ^, n3 O2 b- q
135. Popular nonobedience
4 g, j5 s$ ^8 k8 t( Q 136. Disguised disobedience$ B5 M* J: S/ J+ G9 {- j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' k9 O% C' \2 C$ V
138. Sitdown: o& \( k; Y' c8 C/ {8 N4 ~7 }
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& i3 S5 f z' |! j) |1 \6 W& k- a
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) e1 G" \' u( L9 F/ x, p! n: v e
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 m" o% R. X4 I& c$ e2 }8 q+ L, E& e* O/ ?$ X: q6 C! `& d
Action by Government Personnel: R6 k( W0 G2 y0 a% R, I k4 n6 M
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( Y! ^% u3 O1 @8 W7 s- a+ x 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 u& Z2 R, {! H! f6 H1 x 144. Stalling and obstruction
) n4 o5 @( @6 }+ P 145. General administrative noncooperation8 Y! r1 p* I7 q9 |
) c8 V X0 p# @$ t# {& Z5 Q4 c
146. Judicial noncooperation2 m v# _. D; N% d/ A0 a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# R/ j3 A6 s- ]) `8 T 148. Mutiny$ d* O& A% e0 k7 D* M0 [
Domestic Governmental Action W# y% S1 o+ D: t1 L
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 A, Y n+ g, N2 d3 |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# X m4 P' H% [ }1 n" p& Z7 M
' n$ n4 Q8 l9 C5 N. L" H0 y. }International Governmental Action
/ N) L! n' m3 O% I7 S! s" F 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
T5 W" T1 C4 S7 L* J1 \* J 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ U: C) t7 G. m& p5 i' O5 Y9 M
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 T0 _' Y8 D* a; P- K* n- K
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
+ u9 ~5 T! F. j5 n$ D! j 155. Withdrawal from international organizations9 m( c* f7 u. l7 T! u' U# \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) V, x6 U* F" W5 Z: s" E0 A
157. Expulsion from international organizations
: } N* E2 u3 U% c" j: H( v1 F
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' Y& q; c1 L' z |3 N; d# O
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Psychological Intervention3 ` R5 d; i" U. |
158. Self-exposure to the elements* v8 t3 J0 s# a/ X( ~
159. The fast# }% e& f/ {# M% Q- Y% j s
a) Fast of moral pressure, `$ A. H7 ^; T, C; M- t
b) Hunger strike+ l8 O' b& ?" I4 Z1 Z" e6 Y
c) Satyagrahic fast
% h2 |/ m, Z6 |& ?( c5 z+ M 160. Reverse trial$ R/ u, n" n# _, s; ]3 s
161. Nonviolent harassment
5 y- Z# {3 _6 q" i1 ?8 ^+ Q# F
5 I/ Q. ?3 }. b$ ^; k1 rPhysical Intervention
: R" |: x, U; \% N 162. Sit-in4 C. r( k9 u3 h# V! Y# j
163. Stand-in
5 B3 Z1 V0 R+ b1 k 164. Ride-in; D. f/ A' |) Y. }
165. Wade-in
7 {) M/ {2 e% ] F3 `$ c+ ] 166. Mill-in8 K- F1 Y, B# w3 v7 s% ?) G
167. Pray-in1 n2 U9 P" [& g$ {+ p$ I; ?3 [' S
168. Nonviolent raids1 v' g0 v7 ^/ B/ i+ l) \+ X
169. Nonviolent air raids j; e2 U3 G8 K. O& l
170. Nonviolent invasion6 S! I" z: I8 L! U( x
171. Nonviolent interjection
! @- G6 O8 x/ X2 Q 172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 P4 f9 j/ h* L, V* q1 @, y 173. Nonviolent occupation8 S* z5 ~7 G8 j4 A9 I8 B1 H
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Social Intervention7 v$ D8 g# }+ E: a( z) X' H) z
174. Establishing new social patterns6 B# D6 t3 D2 d3 `
175. Overloading of facilities/ v+ O) Q i6 f6 T
176. Stall-in% M& R$ U/ v; J* |) a$ t
177. Speak-in! Y+ ?$ B( F9 P6 h6 G, h
178. Guerrilla theater
' V, c9 c- G" @$ m3 Z" ]- Z1 Q 179. Alternative social institutions$ _) I' d ^& w0 m
180. Alternative communication system0 u) p8 ]9 A' N8 k% s
/ ~& C8 T( x* _Economic Intervention4 U) }2 K( h# c
181. Reverse strike4 m: ^2 t; _4 ~0 G
182. Stay-in strike2 q9 R( T1 J9 C8 ~# N
183. Nonviolent land seizure% y- i% o0 y: U! f' Y. T+ B/ @0 w; {* q
184. Defiance of blockades
9 M0 k1 q' Q+ z9 i 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ y4 L9 p( R" Y- N% [: X; [& e
186. Preclusive purchasing3 s) S1 l* W9 O
187. Seizure of assets
; I8 x: l- T4 F! I/ G& f% f 188. Dumping. y6 \, r# B* W% }' T; h$ o
189. Selective patronage0 ^. D; ^6 P7 Y A* f, y) S. T
190. Alternative markets6 o' I- z1 }$ _7 j
191. Alternative transportation systems2 ?. E9 U R$ g# f& O+ V: ~. ]5 {
192. Alternative economic institutions$ }3 ?2 r) C& E8 H3 d" E4 E
9 f% A9 t" h# Z' l
Political Intervention+ t2 R, ]) g- ^) U' _8 D9 ~* m
193. Overloading of administrative systems6 H; @! u; [7 j$ ]
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! _) Q y% a! } z% Y- _( T
195. Seeking imprisonment5 B8 v0 ]( P0 C- b$ o0 A; l
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' T& r7 S$ C+ g- s 197. Work-on without collaboration" j# f( w+ J8 u5 h
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* M* [, D) g% ?0 @4 n# P; S! W
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
