 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ H( L; q: J2 q4 Y! p
Formal Statements
+ J b& P7 U2 F7 x6 J) ] 1. Public Speeches
( @9 T6 d5 H! _- [# x+ ? 2. Letters of opposition or support
! j% i' \5 M9 z; m& C9 ~ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- \2 b& e9 x! O3 l0 E5 \
4. Signed public statements5 [+ F) K ~/ r* c* b" O
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 ` C: D+ h! L6 O) g' k' q( I' J/ I 6. Group or mass petitions5 P9 w4 }; Y' [+ U9 }9 H
1 f! H' \5 H7 _5 i/ dCommunications with a Wider Audience
8 d* R6 q$ ~0 C- Y) o+ a) Q+ M: ~ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" G% @, R3 q9 `1 W 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) H" _4 A, `$ y5 J
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
) I1 C7 S: V1 j* `8 @+ B 10. Newspapers and journals' S; `' B& M& O. W; P, p+ |# ?- v
11. Records, radio, and television
+ w) z8 V6 `1 v 12. Skywriting and earthwriting% @% u( G' n, x* G4 U3 a1 Z
) N2 O7 i( K/ s# X7 K; HGroup Representations
" A' i. V7 b4 n& X2 c! X! S 13. Deputations
J. a8 d7 p/ ~ 14. Mock awards/ f" {/ M; s. U( v; b" O
15. Group lobbying
: e- F, a1 j$ j/ N! U 16. Picketing* C' G t0 Z0 ^8 x9 @+ D; i' i
17. Mock elections
6 z' G- Z6 B% L, Y% e( v+ ]8 q) X/ L0 l
Symbolic Public Acts$ }" f$ S, w' B
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% _& K/ `/ `- A9 I; y/ P 19. Wearing of symbols
8 g4 V: R$ E$ K# _ 20. Prayer and worship
# P6 g& k; A! e$ ] x) Y, @' o, w2 E 21. Delivering symbolic objects# I: d0 G2 [+ Z2 \8 f/ z
22. Protest disrobings
+ |$ v$ C0 Q: M; W- j: u: I6 Q! @ 23. Destruction of own property9 X# S5 ]3 w, ?5 R
24. Symbolic lights
' h0 P" e: p& ]. `* y# ]& E5 z 25. Displays of portraits9 p' z2 Z' Y6 C/ I
26. Paint as protest
+ Y( p: n" w$ [ 27. New signs and names0 h* Z; N' [" I7 S
28. Symbolic sounds
6 P0 |- v" e6 f- M q; P) K' ]8 G 29. Symbolic reclamations/ I }& ~' e; b( n% z6 H' N& [
30. Rude gestures) ^6 ]* U* r2 Y+ e: U1 g: F0 f
/ C. T6 n& F9 }! GPressures on Individuals
+ m1 {! K) C' t; n: s+ J4 K! _ 31. “Haunting” officials4 g/ D+ W0 e; A1 m4 T8 i
32. Taunting officials; B% R0 {% o4 z
33. Fraternization- `- E' K7 B1 G! D( ?0 V$ X" W
34. Vigils X* x& C3 k) G) y! X' K" G
6 R5 [& Y2 X1 L! K: [4 @' r* C
Drama and Music
$ Z! l, F# q8 L5 _4 y* v( j3 t( r$ G/ [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks7 F6 l9 {" f' x, g3 B
36. Performances of plays and music
* K! ?. z: N: T6 g8 q7 w5 C# z 37. Singing& }+ X8 I# ~/ O8 O& P( C3 d. |
, _8 W# G; F; CProcessions
$ B* n0 S# ]# R0 h 38. Marches
2 f0 C+ S6 a0 l! O 39. Parades* z( \* \8 Z; p; |' A
40. Religious processions3 n! v& K. V$ z' A5 `
41. Pilgrimages
2 W# ]* J4 _ |% Y& j9 ^0 \/ A, p/ n 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
, v7 Q ]7 K- q0 w9 x5 y 43. Political mourning
`6 u" G) i A. f4 r' L 44. Mock funerals
0 X! P9 O( C$ ` x 45. Demonstrative funerals1 r$ t" \* g$ C" b) N, ?$ Q
46. Homage at burial places
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/ _2 s v5 Z, {Public Assemblies+ `/ i6 x# D8 o$ F
47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 p2 B/ z8 G$ r. h/ c 48. Protest meetings
, s+ j7 \0 r3 Z7 }" {0 |' u. p 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; g: H7 r) C6 A& h) R8 a ] 50. Teach-ins7 b% `$ p3 @3 R; }# {3 i
- S @/ H; D0 O, \Withdrawal and Renunciation* b# M# \$ \2 O( Z
51. Walk-outs
: o0 X7 C, z) u6 E2 W2 { 52. Silence
2 J) M. c! G/ E& b/ e 53. Renouncing honors
; O0 S/ i1 [5 a% k, J 54. Turning one’s back; W I* k( _- i, N' d
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
# C: l/ P! G% F: U: c( b* K5 h 55. Social boycott
- X- I+ w7 n0 Y# r' `& |/ Z 56. Selective social boycott
, }; l* V4 [2 v; _' Y, E( H 57. Lysistratic nonaction
( W U, ?2 V8 b, _, X 58. Excommunication
* p# |/ X+ Y6 x3 K' Q 59. Interdict
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, Q: q/ G4 d1 m3 `3 v* oNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" ]) H* r1 ^. s1 Z5 \2 D
60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ G: z/ [3 w- ^8 }
61. Boycott of social affairs3 v$ a/ @! f7 q
62. Student strike0 [- a( v' e$ H
63. Social disobedience
( j- c3 X% B* J$ R 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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" E* H8 F4 p. l' f. VWithdrawal from the Social System
; u. \, P# u/ d" b 65. Stay-at-home& P/ q' \7 F: w, m
66. Total personal noncooperation
8 [, a; b2 q! K: F3 l3 y, w 67. “Flight” of workers
a5 U5 N& Q% c( d 68. Sanctuary0 j9 W: g" O: {5 S. @
69. Collective disappearance
5 o5 s; Q+ _8 E+ ^9 X' H: r/ ?0 H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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4 g" r" L8 v+ [+ |$ e% xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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) D' @- g) E+ s9 r% S9 I# tActions by Consumers
K+ i# t/ o, [ W* r 71. Consumers’ boycott
s# _+ a7 J0 a* V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 {2 J8 p9 t7 ` 73. Policy of austerity3 Z# l; ^- G9 I% q
74. Rent withholding+ Q# F0 c) J; i* D
75. Refusal to rent7 u+ x! u% h( z6 K6 m h) P2 C
76. National consumers’ boycott3 \ H* p3 Q) x7 H2 l& j9 }5 e
77. International consumers’ boycott
" b0 S$ K/ O' U( h* A% D$ M* c6 L1 u4 N; D
Action by Workers and Producers
$ k3 K0 r7 W: K- b0 e+ M6 A# v 78. Workmen’s boycott
# i6 U6 D, z& |& u, ]+ ?! U 79. Producers’ boycott/ [/ B( \3 O* ?- o
& _7 w& o3 ?( x- J, `3 a4 ?9 OAction by Middlemen9 }# M* N; e. l4 \" H2 k' n3 @6 w
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 |$ k1 u- R" m0 w( ~
! {4 j5 ?1 A$ y8 e/ h4 @4 @9 hAction by Owners and Management+ l& ?% m' {" L. o6 \9 T5 ~4 X
81. Traders’ boycott
/ X+ N/ K, Z: _5 _. P- } 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 Z( [- a0 h% I) G* q 83. Lockout+ V# F5 e9 C- i3 m- e
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, w+ i/ H: ^' j' h' d8 m
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources) }* `3 E4 @) ?* T) b% `
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ O8 O* J3 a3 t4 ? ]
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 X8 A! N ^' r% E, \! k } 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 m! \) o) R9 k1 o' v3 ^
89. Severance of funds and credit
. i: V5 B5 y# ?2 v 90. Revenue refusal
( Q1 [, k# @ U3 {* E% s' G# G9 x6 l! q 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments) d, ]& |- @* W
92. Domestic embargo" q W& e" a- r9 z% q8 W+ I
93. Blacklisting of traders( r# P: m5 K# R9 }$ c6 j# ^2 \
94. International sellers’ embargo+ x) M5 S+ M r& a( G. U2 y9 [
95. International buyers’ embargo' E9 ~( S ]) v9 K! t$ ]
96. International trade embargo% o+ K- y U: |9 N% S" t8 E$ [
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2 Y- Y3 E1 d/ D5 _! P( e DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; o0 ?3 `/ }$ _4 q! e8 i
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Symbolic Strikes; o T6 W: O4 l8 C9 p. ~! u
97. Protest strike
0 J( C/ `/ c5 b- D0 q* v1 W 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 i( j7 b8 |0 h8 w9 @, v4 k8 }$ Q) F A0 j
Agricultural Strikes7 N! s7 ]1 V* ?% c- a% T
99. Peasant strike
w2 G$ j6 c$ r, ]8 Y 100. Farm Workers’ strike
% A3 F+ W; J! e$ w8 |8 `) V# B- _8 i. ~* c* ]0 I/ J6 y' a' t. g
Strikes by Special Groups
) E8 _' s1 l) h3 q. W: g 101. Refusal of impressed labor; K/ }, Q5 @2 |& G. I
102. Prisoners’ strike
) @7 F3 j1 u' h+ D, ^: E9 Q 103. Craft strike
* {2 X y [; \8 X$ r) X 104. Professional strike4 c& @& n3 }. C8 Z
& M) [: ^# x. K: yOrdinary Industrial Strikes8 E" s; `& \, s5 P! x
105. Establishment strike4 N# {4 W+ b" {
106. Industry strike. Q5 {6 u" W4 A8 l( T" p
107. Sympathetic strike" @8 R& o/ s! \( ?! J. a. g
% G% k& Z' k5 HRestricted Strikes$ e# h& W4 @$ O
108. Detailed strike
) \) k+ s* n1 b* [) b 109. Bumper strike/ A! @+ I) P, r' s6 Q% u9 b1 I
110. Slowdown strike
! h0 B E' X5 h) B 111. Working-to-rule strike1 J" x! \( g; V
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: Y6 @5 A5 X; m4 [3 o3 | 113. Strike by resignation: \$ s5 b) j5 U7 L
114. Limited strike
' F `* z8 D5 g( K3 y 115. Selective strike& ~: Y8 E9 T9 `8 ]/ [) y
* P' l/ x9 r3 H5 A9 }5 @7 o
Multi-Industry Strikes8 Z8 |/ S6 o2 G; d" T2 s. v. h
- [) g7 L- g! E$ r5 P, ? 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike8 K9 w% a3 W6 ~' B( c
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: B- D% x. i% E) q$ K8 H
8 V; ^( t4 ?3 R6 V+ V! N 118. Hartal' B7 E5 K* v# ^ Y1 ]: g
3 q: T, ]; u8 X' Y2 ]* {2 B 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 u7 a; U3 j! R9 S) o& t
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" a! d( C! d4 Z* k% IRejection of Authority
9 c' q9 P8 e o; }. ^/ h% F 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ I6 ]1 j) C$ G4 B* O
121. Refusal of public support1 Y0 [4 J. t, p( r
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 s1 O1 t& G# `
+ q6 _- j- Q: R( F% x% VCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government% Q* [& n% M+ C/ `3 u
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* }3 s ]* y9 y _! i# x& V6 v
124. Boycott of elections
' C" P! q4 o3 M+ k! _/ c0 _9 c 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 \* r: O/ B; ~$ T, k: W, j 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: S. {2 T3 p; b% P! A
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ g: l# o( b8 @% `
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations r) `& D! d! L+ H7 h
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 I( _" m s- Q; i% L
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' T$ D. S4 |6 _: N* |4 p- ^
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; k; @2 n; r- v1 d% M/ N: v3 w 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) E; e/ A* d% y# i* J+ m+ x5 u
# X" Q& B% `; m( r" UCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' r1 P' P3 h5 [& o; B 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 B2 P4 S: b8 V5 Z! f 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 c# } P8 H$ J/ o- h f% ]8 y x 135. Popular nonobedience
3 Z7 z: I, w, u J 136. Disguised disobedience, g6 o/ v, O: I# v
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 k- m' \- }# P2 |, z1 l3 N2 r1 J
138. Sitdown
& ?+ T: y. u: ^" ?9 ?# F 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ r4 W8 l; E& o4 o
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& ]& u6 M# E/ x9 ~; M+ G* W 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ Q2 V! \& o+ \& P; J3 W- c
3 K) _0 l4 }+ a( W+ b ]9 g
Action by Government Personnel1 [+ i$ a/ b; n5 J) q' F9 G
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( ]. y7 [* ]" B: U 143. Blocking of lines of command and information* O3 N# l% y; k5 K
144. Stalling and obstruction
) \* M \) n' h 145. General administrative noncooperation! L9 F8 j/ }9 h" T$ z
3 D8 O1 k0 N/ {8 Y# \* J0 X
146. Judicial noncooperation
( W" Q1 N8 F% C1 w( q' _ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- k5 @8 H7 U# L/ \. Y' H* A4 x
148. Mutiny' D7 j8 W, s' m
Domestic Governmental Action/ Y3 J3 R% N# _5 n
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ k2 e) b) h9 x! S2 P' L0 v! Y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 H4 F9 m0 L9 P' z! K
% r2 A6 b) M* MInternational Governmental Action+ q1 n0 z9 g3 q+ a! E: _+ q) x. A
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ Y, n% I* b* @! \# w 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ I1 @, v& ^; P, ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 ~/ @; i# H/ U7 C$ K; z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ y2 ]. x0 o% e K6 s9 u. m 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 r( {# x; R* p Q! R' U7 ]$ R ~: l
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ P2 {8 Z+ L+ h" \% C6 c4 L' X
157. Expulsion from international organizations( F& X/ a3 k0 Q) r7 m {8 w
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$ L& x; g0 G" l; R8 ~, D( DTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention$ G' T. k; b9 R+ `& ~
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' i# g* J! x J3 N1 C 159. The fast
5 O" F: `: ?6 I0 z L a) Fast of moral pressure& r- i( X r+ v4 V/ L& `: x
b) Hunger strike
" u& y$ Q5 K' P/ P D c) Satyagrahic fast
, m6 s0 H" E1 g8 L5 E 160. Reverse trial& J! X- [$ c! a7 p( |) r
161. Nonviolent harassment
( S. _& f% N: q* k& k
) [# R1 K2 m- u% M- x4 d* cPhysical Intervention
5 m. _( S7 ]& X6 W- i2 z2 D 162. Sit-in
+ _& h$ S7 ?! K2 D: k 163. Stand-in( w$ b1 H0 ^2 X5 r! m7 k. a
164. Ride-in0 Z$ { m! l* Y0 `! G
165. Wade-in8 p. x$ T5 `- l
166. Mill-in4 F4 g7 k0 D2 o v: i& X" v1 Y* p
167. Pray-in" {4 [* L% u8 K$ o
168. Nonviolent raids+ w" M/ j8 K2 U& m0 i
169. Nonviolent air raids
! L6 y, O8 H8 K1 p2 a7 D' D 170. Nonviolent invasion: U/ m; ]0 e' \. [/ i6 G
171. Nonviolent interjection% H6 F, Q6 {- {7 g' e
172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 S1 j2 i3 X) t! i l$ @ 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention+ T& v. N; n% L5 A
174. Establishing new social patterns2 P9 Y/ K1 l3 O2 F6 x
175. Overloading of facilities+ O. @6 R. y$ d
176. Stall-in
8 O( N0 B$ R* O8 ]+ M { 177. Speak-in' @1 V8 T! P" G' @
178. Guerrilla theater
. A; a+ }( S# H7 s: P 179. Alternative social institutions& m& e( u- N" h1 @
180. Alternative communication system: W. w: ]* u0 B3 H
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Economic Intervention
: P. p' K. H7 B+ { 181. Reverse strike
0 V4 ~. C6 n* |9 b- Q: F5 I 182. Stay-in strike* Z. c9 A [9 u# w9 _: N
183. Nonviolent land seizure- O# m3 m+ B. O0 z2 [
184. Defiance of blockades* E/ z) s, b8 L% [3 z
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, z4 E* ~% H# ^2 e
186. Preclusive purchasing5 P; i& V! W! N& ]4 H Y
187. Seizure of assets+ W! u) \7 K7 C9 {- j' Z
188. Dumping
1 G) x+ P. a" X5 m' c 189. Selective patronage9 j* z% g/ h0 M/ X" j+ a# y1 k
190. Alternative markets
( C/ X; I' G; B' B. ~; B 191. Alternative transportation systems
( \6 w' w9 B6 j5 Q2 } 192. Alternative economic institutions
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- R F6 b% s9 G K' ^% ^Political Intervention
' j# @+ n t8 _, {0 M: Q 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 M; E9 _0 w: W3 f 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, x/ _0 w( x6 K y) R% P
195. Seeking imprisonment/ [. ^- K+ E8 q0 H+ b0 p3 j' Z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; T3 ~* x% m5 v8 F1 J: |0 x
197. Work-on without collaboration* `8 @, w* d* o) v9 o3 c4 L
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. X2 {/ @" C: a' T- [6 H- e% R
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
