 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* F# v8 {( [5 H D) L
Formal Statements N& c5 D+ }+ o4 U
1. Public Speeches
. t6 e5 Y: j- j1 ?4 W" U4 U 2. Letters of opposition or support
& D) `6 ]5 O2 I, F5 x/ N# j 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; x* N8 j, g! z- [ 4. Signed public statements
& h) Q" O7 u3 n8 a6 J& [) ^ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( s O( u T! S
6. Group or mass petitions
5 F' [4 V- W* r6 l' [ ~) ~
1 R3 N# l; k( W' [Communications with a Wider Audience
) f$ s+ E( ]/ J5 O$ d 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ \! k' ]7 s4 C" \& ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 E' I5 O4 N% u" N5 @ ~
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ ?' X$ N5 I7 ]8 D& e! J* V- X
10. Newspapers and journals
6 i! R1 H3 N" F) _: a: E 11. Records, radio, and television
% [3 e) k* ?! ^% g( A2 R) V0 k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# p3 n" i0 ~+ v% ~3 Q9 g
g* O7 g9 D1 n7 B% |Group Representations
# o: |4 O! R6 q+ a, W) W 13. Deputations9 F1 b ~3 o. J T4 [1 h
14. Mock awards1 h9 r, i. O. g, U
15. Group lobbying- ~+ {$ {; L! p7 s& J
16. Picketing- g: Q H! B8 v0 D' P: [5 W! e
17. Mock elections
9 r X2 r2 {+ c( d/ _ T7 A
1 ^# ]" t1 q- I7 [8 VSymbolic Public Acts* }8 p- V: s1 M; _( M' ]/ b/ y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: a6 T- H- W1 H5 q3 y 19. Wearing of symbols' Z o' T- G* b3 o: `
20. Prayer and worship
1 p( o } f' J% P. f4 m 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. l$ v. [# d* R7 `& g& c 22. Protest disrobings
, w$ d* r( G7 L( B 23. Destruction of own property
, E! Y5 M/ H6 n0 M9 |% M% M 24. Symbolic lights
0 n9 M8 j0 k6 {/ U4 y$ ^: w/ z 25. Displays of portraits
* H/ U" w8 A( w; X6 M+ F 26. Paint as protest3 ~3 d G. E# j/ |- g
27. New signs and names
7 d" I" g6 J+ c; @+ X 28. Symbolic sounds# l2 @( K6 l. Y
29. Symbolic reclamations. r! h: b2 z6 I$ s: u
30. Rude gestures, o: y" j$ _! Y7 A7 I% [: k
0 s7 d) s, b# z. h. M6 H4 }9 \
Pressures on Individuals8 h b3 ?0 g) l8 S3 P% E& c- W
31. “Haunting” officials
9 o& J* i5 m1 o& Q 32. Taunting officials4 T) c* h8 f& _9 h- M) C
33. Fraternization5 ?' b' T$ b1 c
34. Vigils
0 _* S/ [6 M6 A4 L1 _5 v! m" f# {- \ ?6 r
Drama and Music
* m/ d: }, V& O' N4 w9 ^4 z1 ~ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
Q* k8 Y7 I+ B* r4 r* h/ R 36. Performances of plays and music5 ~' ?! E- z& V1 t
37. Singing
" I+ J& [* R) ^! [" G2 ~7 q, M% T- f' ?, w6 p
Processions
( o& r$ O2 v/ g# K$ t7 E7 K 38. Marches! k( n( K2 O8 N0 P: M* m
39. Parades+ m9 l) t: w# F+ s# G; S
40. Religious processions
0 x9 |" V+ [+ D3 k) j0 H- l 41. Pilgrimages/ w, Q$ f) i9 u8 H6 b, J, D& [' m. q& R
42. Motorcades1 e8 n- m5 D& g$ o6 W) @5 d c
- K% E7 F# ?/ g$ n, @
Honoring the Dead$ `. n! Y: x& L2 |, l U' A( C
43. Political mourning/ A# @& g" X6 b S t
44. Mock funerals# I' q G* r6 r/ t- V) Q
45. Demonstrative funerals+ `# E/ H5 i# [
46. Homage at burial places1 S% Q5 y$ ^. Z# v
( E; j7 O0 _9 f) |1 e
Public Assemblies
( k# p$ k8 R5 N5 C- ]; [- \/ Y3 T 47. Assemblies of protest or support
' G& j# o! n# i9 @ 48. Protest meetings
8 \1 Z- `# y, [, n( a+ Q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 g. n+ \; d0 ~& P
50. Teach-ins: c" b# b" J0 _6 M7 K& J" o
P2 w5 u9 X) s; x& n4 p$ p
Withdrawal and Renunciation
; \ ~% ^& f" m: S) C 51. Walk-outs; V& w" z6 N" i( g7 C1 L3 S
52. Silence7 q- Y/ s) n# @$ g8 @" n; l/ j
53. Renouncing honors* d7 t8 Z* q! E3 Q0 E3 N
54. Turning one’s back% b6 V" \) Z( f4 g, ^
# J1 s% c9 R7 \+ h# p/ j. u
0 B3 v7 R+ d* y& J; \" @1 L1 O$ s; A5 N: q1 r( m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
& v9 }: ~$ u. f7 {5 c
5 Z! x5 X+ k+ ~$ y$ T5 w; \3 O 5 q [# u% }/ r" O. e! h
6 ?6 `: u, G5 {# ?
Ostracism of Persons
9 ~" t6 G: x1 k 55. Social boycott" p% \& d. ~2 _" W4 y
56. Selective social boycott
4 G O9 E# ?, u: E5 G8 B( @ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 }( b9 y* }5 ^* p; P 58. Excommunication5 u# r3 Y! |( m9 D
59. Interdict' v" {, \+ ~- z) R- S% [
* v% i" `, j5 ^Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! Q5 I' w) ^. f' A, h/ d5 D3 o
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
h! S# h2 {1 p( D* j6 D 61. Boycott of social affairs, M+ d( n) w H; Z1 }
62. Student strike
; q0 z' Z2 P" b' u1 O 63. Social disobedience
- U7 N8 J4 x0 {" @ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 ^3 Z/ K. k/ N1 y8 B9 S7 y
$ ]# l( ]$ m; d( ~Withdrawal from the Social System
6 G1 o; D3 |" T* E 65. Stay-at-home
" h; z1 @8 V. Q4 F. q 66. Total personal noncooperation
8 i% g* d# C: U' Z# I 67. “Flight” of workers5 M& o; A0 {9 v/ `- w
68. Sanctuary
* X" N. a* e' y* @2 K 69. Collective disappearance
5 `5 w+ ]/ x# { 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
4 |4 c S" C# E2 n* u8 u
1 C( N# R1 z5 h4 I6 O* J$ W ) b) S8 a- F0 d7 {9 H: `- k
3 c: x6 R2 O8 ]5 A# \) r$ k. |; r
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 }* Z$ D3 u+ B( J# p$ p; @
& o- c# F2 S2 P5 G$ _
r# s7 A1 U1 K( _3 A0 {% q- \Actions by Consumers
2 r9 u( W% |+ \( e6 _" n 71. Consumers’ boycott
. M8 t8 P. x* k7 ^- Y" F 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 p! ^' @, N* F
73. Policy of austerity3 N: q& H2 V5 i0 ]
74. Rent withholding1 ]" \. ]9 U; I- P9 V! c% Y, m
75. Refusal to rent
+ e' }& J, l; u) ]) s* c 76. National consumers’ boycott
/ c6 p1 {! ]4 _- |4 Q9 ^5 a4 ] 77. International consumers’ boycott
+ t3 A2 W1 N/ n! z, O: L5 J4 v
2 q; a6 g( R, {Action by Workers and Producers# {5 u4 @, c$ d+ |9 ]7 h) w
78. Workmen’s boycott" L) z" q+ ?2 z9 C
79. Producers’ boycott
0 B7 g. T- Y1 [; {$ U8 t5 o' C8 v& a% `: t4 q( l
Action by Middlemen
# W4 K8 E! S4 ^0 l! m ?& R2 l6 ~ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; h1 O. v D& `+ a9 ~8 u% i( ~
0 D. n6 ], F6 C! `6 M. pAction by Owners and Management
1 z4 ?$ L8 x( O' {# A7 E5 W; i7 D x 81. Traders’ boycott+ R7 m; x- f, _* \% M% ?
82. Refusal to let or sell property
; B$ y: n- u6 x: k 83. Lockout/ R O h! i! N; t" D; m
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 g7 t: C8 T0 _, n 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
) M5 \$ o8 D2 c. w9 O
n0 X; Q6 C7 d/ s) ]: y AAction by Holders of Financial Resources
0 V2 [, p& R8 e! l2 u* o: \9 v8 o 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits e; m4 Z5 c: P) h$ T! j, l
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 D9 T F2 G) T* s+ w0 t* J 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" @8 @" i( k5 f, z6 J
89. Severance of funds and credit0 T5 Z' C; a/ g& o
90. Revenue refusal$ }3 d( j8 _! }
91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 _# ~4 @) k W9 L3 ~' \6 Z6 G% r: Q$ A9 L/ Y8 B% l7 P
Action by Governments
2 F3 N) x( z* G' A5 e 92. Domestic embargo( [/ e, W6 }: u" A
93. Blacklisting of traders9 k# E( d6 L2 M0 [* n
94. International sellers’ embargo6 n& r8 T8 e- a
95. International buyers’ embargo
9 H/ l* d! z9 Z, G) F( Y4 I 96. International trade embargo! p" h6 ]3 _' p' Y
; N8 F. S& ?+ ?0 M/ G+ s. ` ) v6 s% I' }: T; q( X) m: p
7 p& i t( R6 B3 x9 WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. T; Z4 B' s; M% o- t* }# R X# W" _; u1 u$ P1 c
# A- ]* j5 l7 v- F. m/ L0 t ]# xSymbolic Strikes
+ P; ~5 o2 a0 V9 k4 M1 _ 97. Protest strike
{/ s. e8 W& Q$ l 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" o A5 n/ S$ _# M6 Y
8 L$ S ?; t9 ]1 c M& ?% PAgricultural Strikes
. H" ~$ v: S& y# k 99. Peasant strike
1 w6 L- ~6 C+ @9 t; h8 e 100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 m8 |- ~! N1 Z1 |% V2 @3 i6 [9 d7 I4 K' b" ~2 w0 A) K; i2 J5 s- q9 T
Strikes by Special Groups
. Q: b9 l7 p5 G8 _& v2 V1 @ 101. Refusal of impressed labor O* x. Q, B, D' X6 @9 f+ J& s8 d- C
102. Prisoners’ strike
5 Q, F/ ?3 ]' B& E7 i' l+ t 103. Craft strike
8 j3 Q3 V7 Y+ |2 {) Y. l 104. Professional strike
8 C! _, X5 H& f0 r$ g5 }: C: w, Q5 E3 u2 @3 `
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
; m) ~0 @3 q; R# f2 y 105. Establishment strike
3 Q8 r6 u9 k; m8 k" P 106. Industry strike' C9 Q8 u$ N4 V& \' @/ p& O8 a+ d/ S
107. Sympathetic strike( i0 [" p# n" `$ P+ }
9 \) {* d( o' o: v- Z
Restricted Strikes
: _3 x! U: m! j+ u 108. Detailed strike
8 D" T, Y3 _5 B 109. Bumper strike
: e r# X' o1 V 110. Slowdown strike8 y, k. v7 K0 @1 Y6 Y2 h* Q# `
111. Working-to-rule strike
1 E' e% d2 D% L7 j1 j8 w9 q; X6 }% R/ t4 H 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 s f/ _: D9 r" p8 o. K- K+ P: D
113. Strike by resignation
( U( G' V$ n) R 114. Limited strike' k. T7 n" U ^+ @+ L$ ]5 w
115. Selective strike: D# x1 e* [. P
; i' y) g5 D. r- d1 D* S
Multi-Industry Strikes& T+ V. |) t& y& f2 D; n
2 M1 i; W4 Y/ a
116. Generalized strike
- d2 ~1 q7 u/ G$ t. I/ z3 r L9 b) ^) N% }' p& ~. w: }2 r
117. General strike
A- l X+ G0 V' H) G& P& q# P( Z7 @* A# N/ B) z: q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 K+ `' s* Q: L6 I% `
1 ]* `2 n |. j' s 118. Hartal- {# q2 Z$ W6 Y
: t- @. l6 v. {; |$ V+ f2 X
119. Economic shutdown' y' R& c6 y0 L4 K$ C, _( R
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, p# e q& K1 Y4 r1 F/ _, }
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION- u, `2 I- R3 p& M+ j5 C
6 G/ R! ~' |' R
: |, c1 o7 {6 f, o7 _. wRejection of Authority
( B5 W$ L. ?6 ^7 i1 Z' p: |) M 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 G9 b& v8 t- O! x2 _; S; l4 Q
121. Refusal of public support
5 A: j* N! K2 w7 l f5 T 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& \1 O# n7 H" `3 }/ c# X
9 I2 G9 B7 D# A. ~9 E7 _Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government: v* x3 }0 \, K- Q! J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; |3 f) r0 {, c4 d Y 124. Boycott of elections
' ^# o& v) }5 s3 _4 N: C 125. Boycott of government employment and positions7 _' s8 J! f- G1 j' f8 K
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 B8 }8 C% Q7 e7 E# h1 p3 J- x4 t
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 Y% i( b# C& Q6 i$ P 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# K3 Y9 C- r1 ?& e( K2 J
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 ]/ z9 V$ c( b4 l# O* x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' N( B) w$ }) E5 D b5 I( R
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" `" u& y' I1 E- Y( W" O
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions2 p8 z- N: R! J7 s! a0 t8 F# {1 J
4 M5 a4 s0 L* r _9 Z* G6 ?/ [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 B8 e* c; `0 c, o4 m5 O% h, Y+ O 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
% R5 E8 d% E) g& d9 s& { m 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 B4 O, d4 ]! A* r$ v 135. Popular nonobedience( R: ]' H i. W8 B6 W. o) _' Q- I m
136. Disguised disobedience
) [3 x9 y0 `! E2 r( j 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ Q, `, i2 E5 j! C7 @" P: G) \
138. Sitdown
1 w' u" ^( ^0 C% {' h 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ ?7 i6 ?. _: [5 ~' `# l
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* U2 u. T1 a5 W8 m/ R9 ]3 {0 I
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( o; h& ^$ v: R
" L: K9 E, i3 P+ c6 ~& I
Action by Government Personnel
c3 C* u8 L3 ~( @; K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 p/ p. T% w$ s D! Q t2 o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( X/ j2 x) g5 R3 b. @$ A 144. Stalling and obstruction5 `# u8 {1 X+ P# e! S
145. General administrative noncooperation i% G- t; B. s: }2 E0 x @- g" N
: N5 T! c/ D3 i( u; \2 c1 j
146. Judicial noncooperation
w2 z; [, H$ } f# {2 G 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 K1 v+ Y! _1 i$ \! Y# p2 \% ? 148. Mutiny
6 w: T5 @( G1 f0 {Domestic Governmental Action
# R7 W! r& _9 l; t 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- w- F; l8 U+ a$ C# H4 @, M 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 O# g, k/ v' p7 [7 o6 s) r: T" X( v- C0 |
International Governmental Action
' c. D! Q4 }1 c+ i: c% | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' h2 k; z# t4 |6 J1 ]& T" ^7 e
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 Z2 F2 Q% F* G4 ~# E1 h 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& p4 |$ J- G; @& m 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- y3 j4 t& S9 |2 c0 Y1 Y7 m1 ?/ l 155. Withdrawal from international organizations* b8 Z# D8 r: k' X" J
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 I# W8 d7 m$ @ O2 w' b
157. Expulsion from international organizations
) ]7 E3 E" O S9 b/ K" q7 G* {
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+ w% J" y1 Z# E5 Q/ o- r
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
5 a: q7 d8 b* i% ?, s" C p! {* j" b$ i3 B1 i$ _
: ]( ^+ p* x m' d6 K; MPsychological Intervention2 ?2 I* A! [# S' e0 Q
158. Self-exposure to the elements T, w( D6 f7 F
159. The fast
' W' ], M4 e* v) b1 F a) Fast of moral pressure
# S! M9 U% Z# b# j4 i5 a& }" f b) Hunger strike( V4 [1 ^5 ]7 l$ t6 l+ t
c) Satyagrahic fast; n3 F$ v4 P, e0 }
160. Reverse trial* e2 B Y( M6 Y6 ~
161. Nonviolent harassment/ K7 Z7 ]: a+ Q1 B
$ P* _2 ~6 o$ X/ R6 n! h
Physical Intervention
: i4 N/ z/ l6 i. m/ ^ 162. Sit-in
0 J* V& H9 I, }7 v 163. Stand-in
" t; m5 ?& G4 O$ Q/ X 164. Ride-in1 _, Z E* _$ }4 F
165. Wade-in! ~8 u. ^. Z5 R* u c# l
166. Mill-in
6 K* y E8 c8 O/ q8 H 167. Pray-in
0 @; `5 l' d1 @1 Q, } 168. Nonviolent raids$ A0 f) a1 T) u
169. Nonviolent air raids- @# g. Q6 J! n- j7 e
170. Nonviolent invasion
, p/ N0 _; y+ @ d 171. Nonviolent interjection: a# J/ R5 y3 V8 ?- I, G$ j
172. Nonviolent obstruction$ P/ O0 R. O1 v; i
173. Nonviolent occupation) F0 q7 X+ s) f8 C5 T7 d: |) a0 j
2 G* {8 k! d) F$ aSocial Intervention$ _; w2 c3 z; N3 V- N9 I" n7 a
174. Establishing new social patterns/ O, ]2 K/ J8 y* |9 h1 L3 ~
175. Overloading of facilities
1 Q0 r* J9 `8 e1 [. c4 Z4 r 176. Stall-in
) N7 `1 p5 q* o 177. Speak-in
+ S) ]& A( n- d) b) ~ 178. Guerrilla theater! E3 h, L) a3 R! \
179. Alternative social institutions4 i" x: P$ m, F5 K4 {. L! e8 a
180. Alternative communication system
% _2 D1 W4 i. V! i# T
4 l6 \+ C e. \; X5 N" T5 O$ U& p; SEconomic Intervention, N% U% p+ Y5 R- B# b* z
181. Reverse strike3 l" b1 S* J3 A0 G
182. Stay-in strike
% Y! M# ]- q& @% |9 }6 I 183. Nonviolent land seizure' K1 @' R2 r; l+ {* ?: w
184. Defiance of blockades! Y/ w7 | T7 i. B8 S5 u1 b6 K8 Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 M" i7 O' [4 C& j5 P
186. Preclusive purchasing, F3 O9 n* A* ?5 C* G' d* j$ C
187. Seizure of assets( h1 a b, f6 a' @4 P4 |) b( W) E
188. Dumping
2 F' b2 {6 U0 a( Q1 I 189. Selective patronage
. |# N0 j- K% P2 E! l: c 190. Alternative markets8 r. Z/ P3 s! ]- _9 O' L. M
191. Alternative transportation systems
" T+ [ I; A4 b% j- |7 F) k 192. Alternative economic institutions/ a: f+ [' H7 Q: Z- H) e7 m
- I7 b/ B' @: hPolitical Intervention
4 U& |( k7 G5 Y- p' z 193. Overloading of administrative systems+ g- O# p3 a, _* i: R1 N& O5 `+ d" @
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, F1 A& M. q& D/ t+ x1 L 195. Seeking imprisonment
- p' i- c, u5 @+ h( P- @7 U 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ L% y# y( }' T- y, e J- v 197. Work-on without collaboration% p f# e, g" _* n/ s6 Y) @+ @
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" ^* q" O% v) ]. j5 W
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
