 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 I4 T9 R+ H( k6 g' oFormal Statements
0 P$ M9 x2 t4 h. b% {7 o 1. Public Speeches
; W2 c# F0 n' k4 I" G. k/ X 2. Letters of opposition or support% g% M8 ~7 ^" k- q w; z8 O
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% o/ R' z! d% M( E# g' w8 { M9 y. T 4. Signed public statements
' E+ B% J( o7 ^* F% V2 f/ I; M9 t& M& } 5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 d3 h" p0 a. |% Z# ?9 G# O
6. Group or mass petitions' v3 K' T* u5 A D% M3 n4 ]$ ^
0 {; w5 G5 R! D* x+ ?
Communications with a Wider Audience
6 e: N4 p# U7 n4 Z1 ? 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" |$ P0 v" Z* w7 ~
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# a+ k! R' o4 b9 r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; @+ ]# I) W% ~# z6 f9 b3 R 10. Newspapers and journals
1 z# g6 n! g& J" Q# Q 11. Records, radio, and television
/ u$ P. t/ g! h/ d X0 Y, N2 w4 A 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& p# T0 `# x, V% Y5 i7 F6 g1 K. N& j
& z& x9 A- o1 ?3 ?Group Representations6 `1 P" I, ?- Q
13. Deputations& h k7 i( H% m* Q& {5 s
14. Mock awards
2 d# q S& _1 G2 c! \* z) r/ { 15. Group lobbying
+ {; G$ M! ^- M& S Q- C, `) ` 16. Picketing9 Y% n7 I+ g7 w1 p4 l! p
17. Mock elections
" b6 y; `" H _) \2 b# P p+ a/ h u* ~
" q/ d: ~- c; mSymbolic Public Acts
7 F v+ u( e3 }0 G0 c1 Q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& {: b- |, z. U 19. Wearing of symbols
& D5 T4 O9 z; [* v: m: \ 20. Prayer and worship7 R& U* V0 k* Z H* Q* S/ ]
21. Delivering symbolic objects& E# K( x. A3 ^* N. c' _4 W
22. Protest disrobings* e" V- b0 ^% n2 o
23. Destruction of own property
( s- m2 s1 L2 I2 F. a 24. Symbolic lights6 T& Z3 T" u2 ]2 [) l; r+ R, B
25. Displays of portraits5 `2 e1 ~) j* u( e& b2 X; Y
26. Paint as protest! C+ i# E5 A8 j6 G5 O
27. New signs and names
$ ^! |% l. L& L4 O( S5 n/ z+ E 28. Symbolic sounds2 U( Z% r. n* F2 O
29. Symbolic reclamations
$ }' u3 Y! W) o+ W0 k 30. Rude gestures
2 @0 j, \$ f1 J2 E3 }3 R$ T6 J7 h- o& H& ]% N
Pressures on Individuals
$ b! W6 D9 @ z% f 31. “Haunting” officials
. u( Y* F: G X: [ 32. Taunting officials) U" D& ^+ V) G9 I) F+ t8 j
33. Fraternization
* f) ? b) {3 P. s, N% U+ e 34. Vigils
m O: J7 ?5 I% B0 l. [' U8 |/ H
# m% Q$ F2 x! g9 qDrama and Music
. e% l8 O3 b3 ~3 e6 M1 F' S. I# ? 35. Humorous skits and pranks" k6 ^7 z1 W( C! }
36. Performances of plays and music& J% b6 s) s& ]' k7 R4 D
37. Singing
" K5 Z# ] h! y2 Y2 W3 G7 u# Q: E
( L0 y- Q0 C% iProcessions7 s9 h0 C1 `' N4 K7 o2 w
38. Marches
# O4 `$ v/ z3 {* ? 39. Parades
7 |1 k. T+ h- r4 }. O( | 40. Religious processions4 F* @. l/ s9 ` h6 j6 Z5 z* \& w3 [
41. Pilgrimages
& `, \! H2 q4 R" t; d/ c- Z" C 42. Motorcades o: V9 s4 ?* Q; m/ P& x* x
5 E' u' |. `, e0 DHonoring the Dead
# c6 X, l' ?/ m1 ^2 | 43. Political mourning* z9 H+ _ N4 N4 S2 Z" N
44. Mock funerals
$ X& b; N: [, g# e& l& O 45. Demonstrative funerals+ w' N7 {1 o& N/ E* {
46. Homage at burial places, Z; X2 b% G% {# r3 c1 S
% M w) C$ r) ?Public Assemblies
: l9 u( D, `9 j4 I o 47. Assemblies of protest or support% {6 h0 Q5 d) w
48. Protest meetings5 h9 z _, l0 R7 A$ B, c: J9 B
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 d, ~1 X6 \. f1 v- ]
50. Teach-ins
7 t2 B Y$ ]2 @9 O d9 n7 O6 W" N, o! u8 f# ~9 n( r9 a8 u
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. O/ |' y' ~* h) t' U5 ` 51. Walk-outs0 ~6 _8 `" B7 G5 ?$ {! s
52. Silence
4 F& f; {0 k8 N1 N8 f 53. Renouncing honors
) z% @8 }- ]8 h; {. k( p 54. Turning one’s back0 g) K- a( L& k+ i
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& }$ ]& Z( d& m/ m) g5 O8 w
. v, c1 I6 I% y8 \: t# U0 _THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# d: S, ^, J; n
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Ostracism of Persons
% C- e! r4 O2 {& F9 B, | 55. Social boycott
: F: t7 j% y& Z% V7 i, T 56. Selective social boycott% L& w2 I y2 [* q0 A' v/ Z
57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ g0 `# _" q8 P! i% l. ]; x 58. Excommunication
3 I4 I. }" i. p n% p4 z1 _, H( x" ~* g 59. Interdict
. Y! D' r- l. j6 `, b1 I; ?) P# s- l; g" T" z7 ^. L- C" z- N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
7 h% c- Q% x; |8 j+ n+ x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 V/ y9 ~) r0 d 61. Boycott of social affairs, ^) k- g9 c( ]
62. Student strike
& S3 }* Y' {4 P 63. Social disobedience
/ D+ G6 L3 Q! x h9 o 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 N4 ] Z' j7 x" a
6 K! V- a9 `, E7 Z; Z. ?5 ^7 IWithdrawal from the Social System+ y; h9 x3 H( ?
65. Stay-at-home
; t5 z% f7 \, q u8 }/ F 66. Total personal noncooperation9 F- w! u8 C$ \* R( ?: j3 I7 s8 U
67. “Flight” of workers0 f" a) S1 B0 {6 S1 M3 s
68. Sanctuary
8 T; }; l( P9 D' Z/ R3 ` 69. Collective disappearance3 E. v$ a& @- L
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" O" e. S" A f* V( @6 n- O( ^ m( D' @0 [# x) w
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: ?3 t, @) u, H$ g3 B7 H% }! d- ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. K ?/ _3 \8 t) M. L
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Actions by Consumers
* Q( c2 @4 h) y# l0 A& q 71. Consumers’ boycott
; V9 _7 m; Z, E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ s3 K4 k) w2 h/ I& z6 j: X
73. Policy of austerity
% n8 Y& s2 }8 g9 L; r0 r, \ 74. Rent withholding
1 @7 ^2 T5 o) K% j% _ p; q 75. Refusal to rent/ W3 `- k) K( `# }, C* Y
76. National consumers’ boycott5 j( y0 K, K! _7 L! X
77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers. S! Y; ~. A1 `
78. Workmen’s boycott& c" t$ \( n8 S( I& u0 ]
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen9 I7 S0 ]; B8 `- p, O4 B, G- Z
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( {. c4 ^. z' K8 I' s- Z3 K
- @7 S9 g) c& A
Action by Owners and Management4 w7 w2 [# a- I/ n3 f2 i" v) N5 @, B
81. Traders’ boycott
2 T4 q/ {6 u: X" t4 y& M 82. Refusal to let or sell property% W& a, C) p8 v' t% R. `. i
83. Lockout( Q0 @# G* Y1 T
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
z* ^4 O! I9 } w6 {$ X# p 85. Merchants’ “general strike”" Q: Y. Q, ^, X: H+ l+ l
9 M6 n7 D6 S4 v$ x
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% X7 s7 a c& i X" r( }, Z! Y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ f8 R0 E O* z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, T/ o: J3 F- k3 z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, `, z8 q" y0 C, s 89. Severance of funds and credit% K- s/ r1 Z2 S N
90. Revenue refusal
! H4 U4 w) D. S8 Z' w; H 91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 t) o8 V Y) j7 [5 N1 {" t/ s1 E* G8 }
Action by Governments
. D3 ^& ]0 r' W( e. t4 B( c- Q/ x. R5 P 92. Domestic embargo6 O' A1 j! [* [2 F/ g3 Z
93. Blacklisting of traders
% _ s! c4 @! D5 R/ h1 g6 T5 ~ 94. International sellers’ embargo
; ?% v3 I8 ^7 L. o 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ h9 l; D% H L5 j- P- G0 S 96. International trade embargo; j7 Z) N+ }% n1 s- G! f+ @3 ^
& ]4 k# C& p! h. Z2 B( K P8 r+ C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
& [0 b8 S/ q& F% b( m3 ?8 ~0 N
+ M) a% B+ u2 d: y # M4 l7 O. \9 s3 b2 L ~% U; f& {, S
Symbolic Strikes( L# S1 N$ ^& K4 ]# g
97. Protest strike
! W2 R: m w' ]& p4 R) L/ k% j; y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- h: @9 `0 n0 T7 I6 A2 g' N3 w
3 {8 p) B; I& o+ ]# d1 V$ yAgricultural Strikes
v& A6 h" @$ E% _- c 99. Peasant strike
+ Z8 [5 Q6 f) h; F# F 100. Farm Workers’ strike
- c% Z& w1 s; J1 g, w8 B0 z- S4 o G8 z3 d
Strikes by Special Groups& ^# U, K5 L: n9 C/ G3 e9 B
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ Z) j+ Q; V$ l0 O- Q9 d9 q 102. Prisoners’ strike. ]( k" d8 E/ ^0 r
103. Craft strike% Q! P# n& W! {7 u" |
104. Professional strike, x8 f$ S# z8 D5 ~9 ^- j) H
. T) X# ~# `1 ~6 e7 t4 wOrdinary Industrial Strikes1 y& s% P( t& z9 s" Y: s: A
105. Establishment strike) ?0 {: L2 `" [. i
106. Industry strike/ ?# B) U& @+ S8 {: P% x
107. Sympathetic strike" B9 V; b' [4 [+ v1 h
' [# f7 d; ^+ |6 ORestricted Strikes
9 E* Y) X1 b2 \6 C3 h6 t 108. Detailed strike! x$ g) m3 o5 E P/ ], Q+ _3 T* |
109. Bumper strike
: q1 x! Y, h4 @7 @" L1 A 110. Slowdown strike
4 Y' l, A! n2 u9 M: O2 b6 V 111. Working-to-rule strike) e8 u! _' G# o7 c0 a$ R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: b8 _. G1 Q1 g! D9 |3 \' \0 K! F) P6 s 113. Strike by resignation C8 Q+ u( R* l- @
114. Limited strike# F2 ?! A5 U# U
115. Selective strike& O& P: c; W1 m @) U
; o4 C( b# [1 {2 ?! F2 i
Multi-Industry Strikes
" V: B& I- i) @
8 @1 e6 O& i3 r0 r0 T' |0 ]/ T 116. Generalized strike3 ^8 t1 Y; Z3 h
; Q Q$ s7 x$ i* b. J1 L+ {- m 117. General strike. H1 ?+ D6 J# }
3 r- m& t( d3 I* T+ E
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; j; g- B) G2 c! [6 w3 T
" t( w% `0 T( M$ R 118. Hartal* J. M3 c+ R& h
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119. Economic shutdown4 _; l- g) z* V! {
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 l& @- Z. z+ y6 l! l/ i: X7 y
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Rejection of Authority
8 E) \! P& K% c7 A; Z% c! Y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, W" D% `$ U+ ~2 Z" ~/ j
121. Refusal of public support# u: O8 [" B8 K5 j$ G
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ m! N4 c! x3 H- ]! [) X; [
9 y* d; H0 K5 f4 ~8 A" |# V" o @7 t
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 z y& B: F( V
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
0 P! f) [3 i) n* ^! |7 V( T2 c% H) V 124. Boycott of elections2 b2 k, M% G/ `: I3 N6 E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# l7 T- ^* Y T% g, C; X7 G* _ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 m- D# R( E8 K4 {; l8 V4 U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ o. G4 e" ~; N6 F! k 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- k8 _; }, T4 A7 c! V& h/ c) a
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% S. m( S# e! L$ _0 L o* u1 F 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 c0 B& ~; }* V4 I, ~- G9 q" h1 i
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! ~1 A4 W8 S# Z6 w) |8 e 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions3 m* ^; N' h7 C- K) F
& T/ m- f. J3 n' h! ?4 C ICitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 x7 A7 I/ T# ~; L( S% W+ ]9 y4 B7 z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance: [. u5 u5 J& W0 n$ t N
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 l* _, P8 @7 O7 ? 135. Popular nonobedience3 P) w3 p1 ^3 j. U4 O5 q
136. Disguised disobedience
- _) ^) K6 t p. R4 H, N 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, W8 Q, F7 S2 ~& f6 J3 ~
138. Sitdown3 Z0 T" o+ {- G2 ~4 Q. D4 [) L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% W6 c1 g) @/ ~! ~ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# _2 [8 |0 e- d
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
T: K! T& [; ~! R& L8 P$ O' H. o2 N2 i+ B
Action by Government Personnel
7 I" Y# Y' m! E) q& ~ L, \ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 y7 z* D, e0 B2 U7 Y7 i8 E+ w 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% m7 A' ^: e, M
144. Stalling and obstruction& R% g8 E2 l0 j& K( t
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ @; @- B( {( g. x" ]7 R9 p
8 ~) O! F* G$ }2 l E: } 146. Judicial noncooperation# o* ]1 e2 }* c% [. q; B$ ?0 V. j
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( F6 c1 q8 q, h; Z; B
148. Mutiny; P, p; V$ t# {; l5 } t) q1 s
Domestic Governmental Action- J3 z% ?8 m9 s3 ?" S( l
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 p' ]0 |$ F D* z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. @1 q- l8 H6 r, `' q. r" u
) [7 k0 q" K2 m/ {+ V, U; [
International Governmental Action6 O/ N0 C) C' w, j
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& B- A, _9 D; [; M5 J
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 J+ N. t& V8 A" Q+ T( Q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ I" Q/ }& @: S( B- H% p 154. Severance of diplomatic relations! r& b* s; u# U4 J: y5 ` Z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% H; [# Z: e/ T! c8 `4 X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ p9 x3 J) F4 M7 x7 L
157. Expulsion from international organizations& B$ R( T( E0 @2 P
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2 \5 T* E$ @8 R, f& E& O) j
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- {& t0 O1 J% W
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Psychological Intervention6 h4 V& ~2 m4 u, l$ J
158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ f5 C M0 M. |1 v4 l 159. The fast5 S2 n, |) M3 ?/ \' b: ~8 t& D
a) Fast of moral pressure' C9 T. ^. Q, o% m7 O
b) Hunger strike
1 R* f, N/ b; ^' p* H c) Satyagrahic fast
4 O5 e! s7 a6 C/ Y4 ~ 160. Reverse trial
3 v& a) r0 m. y: n- J 161. Nonviolent harassment& }! T2 F9 P- v5 | R
" Z2 I# ]& c6 h+ ~8 y4 M; P1 d: ]
Physical Intervention
3 h' z$ Z4 w* [+ b) M2 f 162. Sit-in
4 V& T2 Y8 Y& \+ `9 ]0 I' y 163. Stand-in
+ N$ E x. b6 Z7 t. {" m 164. Ride-in7 D9 H* C: g# S$ ~; G% n; |- Z) z- z& A( |0 @
165. Wade-in
5 N1 T; K( y8 x) q$ Y" |6 ]3 m$ E 166. Mill-in( W0 S7 A0 O3 f4 H4 m& i1 e& ]1 ?
167. Pray-in1 U8 ^; G! ?, K! {0 B
168. Nonviolent raids
* a/ i. D6 i) a5 A4 @( R4 h* } 169. Nonviolent air raids6 Q8 n N/ R2 {4 m/ `, B
170. Nonviolent invasion' W" t" }# m: @2 X' F) y/ G) @
171. Nonviolent interjection
* d5 v9 h2 S n; V3 z9 B 172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 U; f+ N* C5 M- y2 ^ 173. Nonviolent occupation
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) `* L" ^# R5 Z/ LSocial Intervention( \# }: c0 s c- J! t3 d
174. Establishing new social patterns
* w5 Y/ ?, ^% t+ l1 n2 D2 o 175. Overloading of facilities
* ~% Y0 v7 c2 {, S' @. `$ P 176. Stall-in
! N8 [! F9 t9 E: G* S* k 177. Speak-in5 \ A B' b* `$ H4 E3 h" I
178. Guerrilla theater
8 s( Y, \$ c( k 179. Alternative social institutions
V& u# P# e8 y2 X# z: s w W 180. Alternative communication system2 V; U2 c. a( |/ Z
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Economic Intervention- F' y1 c8 o4 ?' }5 L$ y% ~
181. Reverse strike3 S- ^- x5 z' ^ b8 T. Z
182. Stay-in strike
. t R0 v- j5 ? 183. Nonviolent land seizure
9 G; ^/ D7 h) E* K5 Z% k 184. Defiance of blockades
' n! U- R6 s; [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting Y& e* e4 ]& Q; D& D: z) A
186. Preclusive purchasing) N9 b. I3 V% [! @$ p
187. Seizure of assets
) k; m1 \( n7 A; V( s 188. Dumping B9 h* E1 f0 _# [, w
189. Selective patronage
j, q, g/ b( m* d$ u, K+ r 190. Alternative markets
6 j- _, a* }0 X, E' R 191. Alternative transportation systems$ @5 }6 [/ l% p; H
192. Alternative economic institutions
" `3 C/ z7 w3 d, z- @$ V
5 n8 Q8 e x# i. b8 o5 J9 JPolitical Intervention
5 n+ e! ]" B( q 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% h2 g) T7 H) M ^2 Q& P 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents: f* z; m+ ^: n+ V7 c
195. Seeking imprisonment
: W ?1 M" \' M/ B9 c 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: P1 Y0 L4 i/ q, X) Q t5 |! U
197. Work-on without collaboration
. h T/ F K1 ?- m; k) q/ r; h 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
