 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
C8 t( y" K7 H8 ^& eFormal Statements
1 w1 w' \4 w0 t: z 1. Public Speeches* }2 m# S2 T# b3 s
2. Letters of opposition or support& v0 R4 |* `& b# I7 m1 K v1 s5 U
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* L* p4 b( U; |: \# O 4. Signed public statements3 u" L6 ^0 G3 y, M' i% D
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% ], j' B% C' |2 v+ m! d 6. Group or mass petitions
/ E' N" T# p2 u
{( z( |7 V4 uCommunications with a Wider Audience
3 v/ M" M/ d) U: L: |6 R+ p! ] 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 G8 j% _/ |3 R4 F 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* a) j, I% d3 O2 ]1 @' B+ Q- C+ P 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! N* _ ?! z) [% ]/ Y
10. Newspapers and journals
3 V0 y9 f4 ]2 u) ?9 n/ P7 w* Y* l 11. Records, radio, and television
8 C# `* s0 c* ]8 t9 N0 X 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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* l* e7 B; M) a4 ]0 ?: }. bGroup Representations6 K! S$ u* o* O8 L- ?/ S h1 G
13. Deputations
4 F1 W" w; w; Q 14. Mock awards
$ a4 |# c# x" P* \) J 15. Group lobbying
/ P/ n4 ]" s# r- f2 R( F 16. Picketing
* ~2 z) Q8 I" X) m5 j4 `# V 17. Mock elections4 b8 N+ ]" V# Q' p) A; l
" v- m1 b% W; d% Q8 e/ bSymbolic Public Acts
& b, K! a3 S9 L4 d( \9 F 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 _+ E! b- W0 R' \; g
19. Wearing of symbols' h8 T( G6 m6 a o* {6 C2 R; ?1 ], h
20. Prayer and worship
) ^/ U8 t. }# u# `' G 21. Delivering symbolic objects
l' v7 H* H! L0 u1 T8 q, t 22. Protest disrobings
' }- v9 [7 }9 i; y 23. Destruction of own property
' J) D4 I- w$ y 24. Symbolic lights
" l2 m' ]4 |9 S7 B4 t6 ~0 o 25. Displays of portraits* d$ M5 g$ X! O% y/ }" z
26. Paint as protest
: T4 S$ R' A$ {2 W$ @4 [, ], K9 f 27. New signs and names
* J* e! z, Y) R7 c6 j8 P 28. Symbolic sounds
6 k; W! z) x G5 e5 g! D 29. Symbolic reclamations
0 [( j+ r) i) A0 X- N 30. Rude gestures$ D2 y7 c4 J( Z0 Y
0 c8 c. U j2 c
Pressures on Individuals
% v* I8 o$ {2 f2 c( ?* r 31. “Haunting” officials
/ U" r; g: u8 t. ^4 c) x" M 32. Taunting officials
6 D* M; p3 U# n# p' w 33. Fraternization7 s% _2 q9 F, Q N
34. Vigils% q# p/ l4 @* S* {( A: q Z; V' V
* S1 t& K% ^ J2 B0 o0 c. I: Z' _
Drama and Music6 K1 {/ {8 x g$ S/ B
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 F. a. p: N/ Q! S/ x5 n/ E C2 [+ T/ s 36. Performances of plays and music! V, { `; a5 Q% B/ ~
37. Singing
9 x6 E; b5 M/ a, x$ ~9 s$ l
, j1 j! o( w. u+ EProcessions
, Q9 g4 N7 a Y( A9 u6 A 38. Marches+ b0 @( z+ N/ O) f% R
39. Parades
; A8 v: j7 H! P1 i; p7 l 40. Religious processions
* x, W3 |! F* Y! ^ 41. Pilgrimages$ W* \7 V. Y# @8 @" ~1 o
42. Motorcades1 ^8 R& R& M2 P6 H" q, T9 [" c
- }. l% B& f" O ^- @% H
Honoring the Dead6 @( L- u0 k% A
43. Political mourning5 ^/ l9 T& v! _1 r% H' l5 @; h# A
44. Mock funerals
; @# x7 u3 ^0 r8 Z& M- ]& F 45. Demonstrative funerals: d7 a0 Y. L6 z+ H6 T+ Y
46. Homage at burial places
/ z4 U8 D% ^( Q# o! O. J9 `
1 L4 d- k5 n( Q# \" `) E: bPublic Assemblies
5 a* f$ y9 O$ l+ G& E; a& |' |: b- {* N5 a4 l 47. Assemblies of protest or support
_1 \9 E* C( W7 Y- W7 I 48. Protest meetings
5 @6 N% G7 k2 m' P& {1 K 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# I: r6 `) X: i" j" k: r 50. Teach-ins$ e$ C8 E* V& q; j. v; ~( M
" _% a9 `, k* H1 Z
Withdrawal and Renunciation9 S4 k, V9 n9 Q
51. Walk-outs" c3 L* Y3 |; {8 b2 n5 _- Y) N
52. Silence4 M* K$ ~9 H. v7 {
53. Renouncing honors$ ^9 l5 c7 c, H6 n* t4 X# w. J# O
54. Turning one’s back
3 m& u0 c5 H8 c) p; o) S
$ m7 W8 |3 y# w, [& k5 r6 q 7 q: J# c( O h9 l
+ H8 h/ A6 H' h& x; [- }THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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- _5 i0 M$ X% b& zOstracism of Persons+ O+ [; @' G; u8 {# h2 w' u* k
55. Social boycott2 t+ R% j* u; p
56. Selective social boycott
0 R, d4 ]( i( S/ B6 w 57. Lysistratic nonaction
, b' ^* c, s. K2 Y& A/ q 58. Excommunication) w9 c7 ~; l9 b7 B7 i# Y
59. Interdict0 `0 J1 p/ r9 B" s3 r# n! Y
7 F) p( y4 T: {& eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" o% w, \' h( Z+ P, s/ q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 f; B) l4 f' J( A+ E/ z& B- d
61. Boycott of social affairs- q* I5 b7 C% P$ Y
62. Student strike
! P+ c+ d+ w3 i' ?4 Q 63. Social disobedience, q: ^, i# ^: `; R
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System" F( ]$ u. g( W; q. g9 H" O6 d" w; S8 h
65. Stay-at-home6 P' z6 r* l3 ?. ~+ E
66. Total personal noncooperation. a: B# o. l0 l a
67. “Flight” of workers
5 }- @" l6 m( W* X* Q, A 68. Sanctuary
3 m; k- F" i$ K2 D Q- j) Z3 x 69. Collective disappearance* M/ ]2 o! ?; G$ x" V7 f
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% @+ f) q: j# v; n7 K, f. O+ J( o l4 _7 [9 Q2 |, B
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# o* ?' `- I2 M. Y) g
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Actions by Consumers" W* a5 {0 M3 X
71. Consumers’ boycott' O9 e% h! q& Z9 `
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, i0 x7 C' a$ i' r7 {
73. Policy of austerity) N" {5 {) j4 [
74. Rent withholding& i2 |8 X6 f+ W6 H/ s6 U
75. Refusal to rent$ S8 p4 D0 ^$ A; y+ s/ y
76. National consumers’ boycott' v' e: }) s, i* j$ y
77. International consumers’ boycott
9 Y# a+ L7 @ V+ L5 G- V* c& U0 `; E- y0 f
Action by Workers and Producers& J* x% x3 u$ t4 R9 |$ [
78. Workmen’s boycott4 F: G* b3 Y- P7 B/ u+ c
79. Producers’ boycott% B3 {3 b: P P s5 r1 t/ q
; U! P2 `9 n9 S: q3 {4 }/ \2 [ ~Action by Middlemen& O7 H9 B5 ]& T( J* I
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) V' B- h5 [8 w& G
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Action by Owners and Management+ D: ]( Y0 ~/ c
81. Traders’ boycott& b1 G* c# v+ }% q+ k. X8 Z
82. Refusal to let or sell property/ ?0 M6 O+ m- M$ F$ m
83. Lockout) P! |" h3 a8 q. @3 \; \6 R+ n
84. Refusal of industrial assistance- H; |' b* j; h. i& B& J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 x) m/ D) V) K# w0 ~1 {
0 F9 [* q! e, K: T
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
% n1 y8 N2 Q- N% h: e 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! r6 @; t7 c2 |& Q) q. X7 S 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" r. q6 F% ^/ I0 }
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( z. Q+ q, O- ^ 89. Severance of funds and credit
7 h2 K9 k2 S# K, s- \ 90. Revenue refusal
, c& I5 R& I2 k* W) } 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 L$ k' X8 N5 o+ k+ ]* Y
, ~+ l [1 j2 }7 d- P5 m. Y, }Action by Governments
- B6 G: V9 @- s; ?; C* g: H, t 92. Domestic embargo ?" } k: o: a! B+ y; v6 T
93. Blacklisting of traders7 O. \+ f+ `# Q2 k) [
94. International sellers’ embargo) {. C- y8 s: e. n& f
95. International buyers’ embargo
7 k1 f K2 v) Z7 O# j+ o# w( r2 P+ Y 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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+ D" h2 u# J, }0 l+ kSymbolic Strikes) ]4 t; M' p- p5 @/ C+ n" g( Q5 z
97. Protest strike6 F& e, E! z" i! |
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 \& s) {1 ^) X! f
7 O- K6 T- j5 p0 BAgricultural Strikes! K7 [, K% U4 } s
99. Peasant strike/ H9 \8 U( n6 b+ m* r7 X# @
100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 n# b: t/ X9 T& Y6 {% [% i6 M' a1 B2 E
Strikes by Special Groups: q7 l' d" B; o! i9 S) j7 C5 ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor1 ?! O; J. X- J$ y( u* n7 K
102. Prisoners’ strike; A" k( N' u4 u4 \% y, S& c
103. Craft strike: A7 u, r4 T' }6 K8 C4 S; v3 U
104. Professional strike4 G3 p2 B: \( X/ L3 u% w
p$ @6 v/ ^6 |- [Ordinary Industrial Strikes
" l- t7 X3 o G; i, x 105. Establishment strike
- ]4 d) J' d7 g4 A( D7 C9 t" D m 106. Industry strike4 [: F2 [' S& U% P) D5 S
107. Sympathetic strike
! Y* u! ]; O6 X6 |- b( `( ^
/ c. I1 T) w: C m, A7 }/ ^& LRestricted Strikes
9 J! E8 U" Z: [+ V' ~' b6 f# B, E: W 108. Detailed strike
( ?" }5 K6 q, }5 h 109. Bumper strike; J9 z6 i3 D3 }) X5 n: v+ C- l @
110. Slowdown strike! J* b0 S, v7 V/ g& U
111. Working-to-rule strike5 x+ z; H7 Y1 o1 r
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 ^) p7 y0 M5 _# J5 |
113. Strike by resignation
( k+ \* g4 ?& @$ }" F+ j 114. Limited strike
5 ~ n$ C6 l1 n4 A5 U 115. Selective strike% G, ~* F: b! E+ j" t0 S
8 u, {$ G) [; |- y- E6 g/ ? V" @+ fMulti-Industry Strikes
% x$ k) I0 i/ T% b7 B) F) K
2 C5 M$ Z$ a% t9 Q L1 _# T 116. Generalized strike' j1 f$ N8 @) w( y9 u- B% R; G
! o2 H) k% ]: H 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ f: E4 r% E Z& o$ t; l
. j1 s/ e m! O X" ^+ s# X 118. Hartal) ~2 ?# F% k4 l- x4 Z& J
! R: u# ^! A! l4 j i: U 119. Economic shutdown
0 B7 U. E: L) ?; U8 h% h; W4 p/ q6 N* L6 x, [9 k6 o u+ h
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" Y& x* E% Q( q# n5 Y. x. T5 `
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 ~; k' z! C" a7 z# |+ C9 R/ e! d
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0 e' g; }( j0 H. s8 R: E4 I! gRejection of Authority5 D& i# F4 `; |5 ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 G; v+ E2 k2 Z6 \8 O
121. Refusal of public support
6 y* L' h& @1 `# D* n% N- B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" ~2 B" b) O( u* t
/ G f7 C" o' H7 }Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 |0 Q9 ?" g7 `& s( T# Z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. a( ^, B8 V& G7 X
124. Boycott of elections0 j" @9 g2 ?( D' M% E1 o. u
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 }! T! v) ?$ a- \ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# q/ q8 n0 ?8 F) T. K$ b C" n# {0 H2 T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* B/ p \7 g* y E( K9 ~ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 M' a) O- w+ K6 P9 [# V% Q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 Q+ d) x4 A( `# e 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( }8 a/ O7 r1 [3 \ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
{( `7 w( D6 a% ^+ L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 E; K8 F g: ]8 l% u/ i0 z+ D% K
3 j) G- T$ v' R( N, [9 QCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ j3 W5 } w- c
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 P7 z+ D- G6 }7 Q$ ~* y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 X3 V4 i3 I9 B 135. Popular nonobedience1 Y! l$ E8 O0 ~
136. Disguised disobedience
1 E+ e% p- B! F- {1 I" i. p 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
b9 r Q- D( w3 m, k' a 138. Sitdown
- U- W" I4 A5 b' }7 d" i 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 K0 R0 M2 t s L 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 k% l: x# b* d, [' Z: f
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws d! L" @" ~/ C0 c" {- X& B c F
9 G; V% O6 Z. g; C" D t1 `/ ?; f- G
Action by Government Personnel1 c& ?8 x( y) |% j" ~- z! [& @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 l1 ~& N3 g& S7 h( M+ f- b 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 o6 M! o, j9 Z2 I% R
144. Stalling and obstruction% B% k6 R; |- j8 c# g9 W; w9 [
145. General administrative noncooperation7 v* }* {6 T6 U$ p% H' U
! @/ C" T- ^0 ]9 R 146. Judicial noncooperation
# B$ @2 S' o1 f2 a3 ^$ W z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 A0 j$ r( l6 Z 148. Mutiny
' ~( ^% L: e, l/ ]/ L; aDomestic Governmental Action- Q/ e0 Z9 J2 D
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 r7 f5 l3 Y- ]7 [
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 N4 A# F T7 W5 d# p/ j' E( x
3 k! D) H2 e/ OInternational Governmental Action9 B) X# O2 v6 ^( } p6 u1 I0 k
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations0 C0 _# t" |+ A) |2 a4 l+ U1 o
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' Y7 R, F1 z) ^ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: C) e2 [9 L( J5 h) ?/ d
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
{+ |& y0 a% Z( J$ ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations. A$ G, W; a3 k1 y: E8 o
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
& [( M. T) n' p/ F a 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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V( h E5 M7 j) O6 Y: B7 S1 nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
" t9 L- g/ N r' O8 ?8 F% R
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Psychological Intervention
5 w, e/ W5 I8 V2 H* N9 C9 g* G 158. Self-exposure to the elements
& K9 U4 L! V7 B$ C" S8 O 159. The fast$ O6 {4 u3 } X# ~7 |
a) Fast of moral pressure
; D' O% e5 e, z1 B$ {* n b) Hunger strike
+ h2 t' \6 h6 q c) Satyagrahic fast% D! b( Z9 R8 K% p
160. Reverse trial
' L/ L7 t& X8 {* s 161. Nonviolent harassment
" k- d0 c$ E# c) R* G9 U0 v/ w8 I7 R0 H( E
Physical Intervention/ q- F9 m+ n1 x, ~5 b/ X, Y
162. Sit-in
6 T5 ?+ B( T6 a 163. Stand-in+ b, ?6 S' d5 S9 q" U
164. Ride-in
& {0 Q! v6 m* d/ A* s+ H$ J- S 165. Wade-in
4 H5 V A" a/ n; p 166. Mill-in/ S/ W- K2 z4 [% S; `
167. Pray-in
0 C( [8 O5 o7 M6 U2 C1 h$ g 168. Nonviolent raids
6 q2 h; J+ c5 J: j4 N3 J 169. Nonviolent air raids
; \/ N5 s. I4 x! ^8 K 170. Nonviolent invasion5 e: Y4 Z9 `4 W" |+ J1 v
171. Nonviolent interjection8 H* l7 Y/ p2 U( b! X
172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 }& h7 m5 Z( i+ w' R 173. Nonviolent occupation
7 f$ A9 u, _) |* a4 D$ \ S$ u# N8 `) G( h
Social Intervention ]* u; V: ?9 H( C, [% T/ [
174. Establishing new social patterns
4 a7 Z6 e9 Q: J/ I) n 175. Overloading of facilities
- k: v' l/ H) C Z0 m( s& u+ d 176. Stall-in& n& X# w7 \4 I6 y$ N; k$ X
177. Speak-in
' v0 u5 r% S0 Y8 E 178. Guerrilla theater
/ Q( D& D$ s; q+ o$ R; I% { 179. Alternative social institutions5 R- I! J2 Q; n. e: j1 N0 O! k
180. Alternative communication system
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4 w5 }$ l0 I( i. ^6 E' AEconomic Intervention
2 p* A# ]) \+ j 181. Reverse strike/ O$ w- ~( H* C m
182. Stay-in strike
% [0 C* F, _. ]7 U7 @ 183. Nonviolent land seizure N' {# T5 x! \3 K3 h
184. Defiance of blockades# T: T$ K' ?) W
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' l6 j( k0 B$ k( P5 U5 J7 n3 Y' I 186. Preclusive purchasing
4 D0 b0 M) n6 z; F" z 187. Seizure of assets% i3 ^; _1 L6 ^" ]& G9 E
188. Dumping
8 N2 w$ R' c4 [" o) q* [ 189. Selective patronage
5 A3 K& N% _! R2 V6 L/ y. q5 g. @ 190. Alternative markets
1 ^# ?( k: F6 N: A 191. Alternative transportation systems8 N. A! m! b9 N9 L
192. Alternative economic institutions9 G5 `: M% H7 \% O- F; v
8 F4 J0 d/ E/ G ^6 B8 m( D7 k3 \Political Intervention5 [& Q; h; E' ~1 T# X7 e
193. Overloading of administrative systems
@' ~1 T2 x' }1 g 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
O* k! P3 T# t 195. Seeking imprisonment
* v8 t6 ?# [: u) l 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, X4 F4 {! m/ m3 v, X+ f6 v 197. Work-on without collaboration( ?9 O, q+ R H; d; ^ S% @
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
