 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" ?4 [$ |( C8 z- h( HFormal Statements
& f( q( p o2 u. j 1. Public Speeches
# c4 C5 m0 C1 v0 L0 | B( C- f3 H 2. Letters of opposition or support0 X" X1 o/ X, @) G* O
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 A6 I- D" H, x1 O" d ]. ~ 4. Signed public statements
, E+ q5 i6 {3 Q6 q" W 5. Declarations of indictment and intention# b) w+ y1 s4 Q+ p
6. Group or mass petitions! J( d6 M$ q3 t9 A9 o& H. v
1 g0 ~, G3 A, MCommunications with a Wider Audience
7 B6 C; b" k! _1 m' E 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: }$ q* O# i$ k. k 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ n; B% R( z7 Z' U3 Y% s* H 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
v+ q# a7 s9 I2 x$ T 10. Newspapers and journals
& e3 ]( ~6 x7 a7 F8 h* G9 r: | 11. Records, radio, and television
# a9 W$ i2 u% `8 a7 C) W. K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 P9 K4 W$ w1 y- X6 }& Q N Q2 ]0 ]4 T* l- k3 w0 [$ l
Group Representations: C$ S( o8 _+ I( q1 t6 U
13. Deputations
+ N( A2 Q: J9 S: l2 l 14. Mock awards
3 K2 y9 M+ d; x% ^. s! s- n 15. Group lobbying
/ T- p( _ l4 N( d# n) O0 H( e 16. Picketing
. u) V0 ]/ \' c0 K" z9 ?" H 17. Mock elections4 r/ u& R8 Q% d7 ?2 Z0 ?. D% {
* D4 G3 @' U! V2 c$ nSymbolic Public Acts
: O# G; W& o$ Y6 @6 M( O! g 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% g8 { k8 B+ L6 A. J0 u
19. Wearing of symbols8 ~' m' v: I2 V! x' d
20. Prayer and worship
9 d' `: t& C& z0 A0 q+ n% _/ Y 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" _- h; p# ^5 ~5 _4 a 22. Protest disrobings
/ M b- P* M' T 23. Destruction of own property
# j( b% A; m% a- C 24. Symbolic lights0 A0 n, }0 Z' ~: }+ E0 ~4 S) G
25. Displays of portraits" V" N) t/ g) z* Q6 r5 E" g
26. Paint as protest
% _7 f' F2 o( L# h, X& _& p 27. New signs and names2 T9 c( c( t9 ~2 U5 _3 `% G2 q
28. Symbolic sounds
/ W5 B! O) e* |% l# v, a7 q; t 29. Symbolic reclamations0 S% ?! L- y1 M
30. Rude gestures9 \2 d+ A2 ]0 R7 D8 x/ v+ Q) \
3 b+ i( k2 Q( [* i. `Pressures on Individuals
1 t+ Z. N1 s2 Z& N. { 31. “Haunting” officials$ @. t. C# o0 r; y* |9 c/ e1 x
32. Taunting officials
2 M5 f' @0 y( o. J. d 33. Fraternization# Z+ L" k$ u0 K4 J" N% n! J
34. Vigils
3 {4 n! I- p$ _8 O" e5 w
0 Q+ v' T9 s% Z. f6 \2 }$ FDrama and Music
5 n1 R+ f8 B7 N6 m 35. Humorous skits and pranks# Y9 O5 B) w% ^7 H# C
36. Performances of plays and music+ S. G& r a+ p& k j
37. Singing
- |0 W& e7 \5 P: T v! O5 p; J: U; {. u+ o' q! r
Processions
) b: R* F1 r& S 38. Marches
1 A" c, H! w1 a+ G 39. Parades
! a3 M* [+ H B7 p8 D D1 h% N- @ 40. Religious processions
4 a* e" H7 b+ W* c 41. Pilgrimages
2 j4 e/ z* E7 v% n. |7 g 42. Motorcades
% k) y3 j3 p) b* f% Y- I, r, K( A/ q/ j2 G: L# |' u
Honoring the Dead: d4 W$ R7 d. n8 ?- d9 a& t. x
43. Political mourning; S) E |/ X O/ F
44. Mock funerals
- n0 F% M2 G6 c 45. Demonstrative funerals) ?9 ?0 ?* Z, D$ }
46. Homage at burial places2 w3 q1 v& u4 H9 u0 q0 w+ F0 J
. _: Q2 U' ?$ t. v5 ^
Public Assemblies
5 A7 d0 R/ T3 F) a( } 47. Assemblies of protest or support2 R% R4 n6 U; e1 w' a4 j; |& s
48. Protest meetings! T6 y. \5 f: ?: j( a! f
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( u z- @4 n2 s2 x
50. Teach-ins' J R8 F9 A3 m5 Y+ I4 u
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Withdrawal and Renunciation% C4 r: J6 A6 a/ x, K D3 y
51. Walk-outs
) Z8 r0 t2 ?5 c- i: c) ~; ^ 52. Silence
0 u1 ~9 f& ?) d ~7 L 53. Renouncing honors! C3 U& Z& i1 F- j* l
54. Turning one’s back
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6 c% ^5 J1 P6 }
* |; N& N9 L1 Z
5 m h! x& c5 u. CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ m- {, @. @9 Q/ Q4 b7 L3 W
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3 H1 J3 J# |, i; j+ x A$ W
Ostracism of Persons
' y5 e+ q. m7 f 55. Social boycott# d8 `( c! \3 \- }$ u3 s/ |$ T, B: |) A
56. Selective social boycott
& \4 A! q) h$ ?+ K, A# x& n3 ]. G: u 57. Lysistratic nonaction1 O# L _3 f# u8 K7 _
58. Excommunication
/ o. ?; X* }5 \) } 59. Interdict
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/ ]: W; o1 y- q, s, L. ENoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
s5 b7 [6 A2 @1 l 60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 i: z) |) m, ]* b
61. Boycott of social affairs. K4 L3 c" Z3 [& H
62. Student strike/ T0 h8 {/ Q1 U7 `" H6 d' d: Q
63. Social disobedience
; E' L2 e: q- I1 h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 ] \# K+ t2 c+ n; X& d
0 w9 ~; L% Z/ a' T" I: ?. B% iWithdrawal from the Social System2 l6 C- K+ u# n! \1 `
65. Stay-at-home
7 \% u3 R p- M 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ R# o* [: j" ]8 S 67. “Flight” of workers
1 x+ ~$ J+ _6 _# L: P5 I9 G 68. Sanctuary# v. I2 f& _! c/ B: T* g# T
69. Collective disappearance; U% [! h1 x0 Q) @0 B- U
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* g6 _+ k0 a( b% h4 Z+ k( H- B
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( {( Z+ U4 W- b7 gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* |4 i C1 y- w) n1 G& c' O( N) U
# B% X1 ^0 l/ D3 D3 M( m2 U. B& _
, f! O, ~( A8 aActions by Consumers, G/ [' K$ Z& Z* w3 O# V8 M
71. Consumers’ boycott
( O& b+ a$ x1 @6 z( E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: W6 E2 o$ }9 T 73. Policy of austerity3 W2 @ T' ^6 L! Q" f( J) y) }, Y, B
74. Rent withholding, g. p1 ^) S; s/ d
75. Refusal to rent! j% N3 J1 J0 v2 h8 ~3 W1 X
76. National consumers’ boycott
: N7 g% u1 o. [9 u 77. International consumers’ boycott) d% E3 T$ @7 Z A
+ \/ M1 y- C5 OAction by Workers and Producers
. C. m4 E' X) J* h- o 78. Workmen’s boycott
1 k% s/ G9 Z5 B/ M 79. Producers’ boycott/ c) ~$ h# C9 U
# ~4 u$ f' R$ i" V% k
Action by Middlemen
$ {# u3 Z0 i8 ~% n: F! f 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% _7 e( a: r( k s, b
8 q0 K L, [% Z7 ]$ h
Action by Owners and Management7 @3 g, F2 [' c5 w
81. Traders’ boycott- {! ^) u3 t, o6 G% ]1 ]. e
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 V1 p$ }/ o5 L0 k+ H7 _. O* q 83. Lockout6 Q9 q' [9 W, ^, t( P: l7 z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, g5 a0 n h% m: S 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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3 e) T6 B6 K! i5 X, ?& S! ?Action by Holders of Financial Resources: X$ w% S# J7 Y% |
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& b& {, q" K" t 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) Z; w. N: K3 o0 ^. }7 r 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) m9 o" N( k6 g# G- V8 l2 l& a
89. Severance of funds and credit
" K" k# S' b: O7 _ 90. Revenue refusal
\9 u$ [; C7 q9 r0 T D; C+ p 91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 J( ]0 o/ Q, n0 R6 K4 F& G' M2 t' `8 \/ u
Action by Governments5 N$ O$ R& U: o5 p+ s
92. Domestic embargo( L6 @* G# ~9 v5 M1 v' d7 X
93. Blacklisting of traders3 q2 Z- S" S$ X
94. International sellers’ embargo2 `3 G) W( `! B# a
95. International buyers’ embargo
5 N1 A8 Y; i! g! C( K 96. International trade embargo
1 p9 U. E1 t2 l- y1 ^: m! }5 ^4 v: k/ A" l
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 `- T$ y* {3 m7 l1 H3 @3 I' p
6 D2 K; Z" I4 }& G! x- @ y# M
% H; l: s' L" w& G1 PSymbolic Strikes: Z, ]* H& p# F) u6 s" \# Q. ?
97. Protest strike9 i. e/ e, U# ~5 D0 S( b q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 T' B9 T) P. M& h) B! R3 [" O3 Y- M. {& w/ y/ i% {3 o; `
Agricultural Strikes( V( N5 c0 V2 A( h" H/ X" x4 a' U
99. Peasant strike
* m4 D8 ?- h/ n, f 100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 u% W6 |# ]) B1 R$ `6 j; w( G# W2 o! @
Strikes by Special Groups
# i) k8 X7 {: P, [# h4 [ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
& Q. N! I; K: Q" R- I/ J8 N6 p 102. Prisoners’ strike
3 f' F; J- J7 N) s 103. Craft strike1 z* n+ f2 q2 E4 z! j5 `- i" r
104. Professional strike
0 s- K8 d$ @# s) k0 p( ]( C# c! G1 m; H- i- T6 u6 Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes# b; E0 C' q$ l) L# g
105. Establishment strike
5 G" k5 k5 ^( D! \! ^ 106. Industry strike
, d1 b6 M$ @# m7 v 107. Sympathetic strike
- O, q* Q! l9 M6 Y8 w- Z+ U, j8 u: |! U- U
Restricted Strikes8 _# a% T/ [* ]! F! p+ b
108. Detailed strike$ m6 L/ W; y# V# p# I( [3 N
109. Bumper strike* s+ b3 h$ G e
110. Slowdown strike5 D( f7 F! d4 b+ Z9 R2 o; x0 [. A3 l
111. Working-to-rule strike* h- x, `5 b% Z2 G) F* X0 L8 P* X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; {9 g; h) g# e+ z7 q 113. Strike by resignation
4 M1 p/ G( x1 c& Z 114. Limited strike; d* i! V7 S* C9 {* u* }
115. Selective strike
/ ]- q4 E( z% F& u3 l: l. F r( d8 A4 ~5 V: ?" y8 b
Multi-Industry Strikes" H. K9 |4 W3 s$ i$ C! |1 l
& ^+ b! C: v( y
116. Generalized strike1 N$ Q. y- J6 ^
7 l; X* V5 |. `
117. General strike
1 T! l1 V8 h7 s( Z7 w
; T3 A% u, _ a9 HCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) Z' }, L5 {4 I- G
9 c+ I0 N+ @2 |5 d 118. Hartal. q" Q: B& c1 V; P
' ~ z* x7 N2 g" w
119. Economic shutdown" x+ y! a/ ~& c% B
3 o8 w% a5 X) Y7 }9 }
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: A5 O' V" X& b2 `/ kTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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l; C6 _: Y1 l3 z" ?Rejection of Authority' R6 A1 n/ O4 T
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ X4 _2 ?' G1 l- C+ P% {: {
121. Refusal of public support
) \1 y- N) s' L, v. u0 w8 f0 v2 W 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. e" r. z L0 R0 `0 s' O1 o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies) `( n& d# \& D" p( `
124. Boycott of elections
2 R8 ^5 V4 p. T: ]3 Q% Z, u! M 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 O! V7 b% |0 L# j; `: \ x0 K 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies8 z) q& g: O4 k
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 s J5 o) J* |* U$ z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# \. P( P$ c. ^: V9 A8 Z4 f' m" f: i 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: \. F4 m! {2 A: ?) ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& p; f6 S9 C2 c) B
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- h8 R" Y& \/ q! y+ J+ c 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions t# i& h, d, Z' a0 R
, t8 e7 z8 q9 H. f) j# l# p! iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 z) M5 p4 n" M$ G/ c 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& _) @ B, l/ e8 e1 n; r 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* Y2 C* ?# P2 J; I5 P5 {- x+ M
135. Popular nonobedience
3 i* m* U7 h# n0 {5 ` 136. Disguised disobedience
. N; ?0 R0 R( A9 X2 Q1 {/ S 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ K6 ]+ q$ t4 n E$ D
138. Sitdown
- w8 Z; Y1 H4 b( c1 J% g9 u 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" e8 \2 i' G* B0 E# L% m 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; K$ V1 f" `. P% ]8 y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) ~/ w. m/ e/ }( r7 `$ Z: _3 G- i+ P. F9 f
Action by Government Personnel8 Y- ~$ S6 X" f9 y, I
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 M- ~: t0 d# T$ j" Z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 g/ i$ U( ^& E% i# T$ t+ @ 144. Stalling and obstruction
( x: G5 [0 }& V. d3 V) x4 \% `* e 145. General administrative noncooperation
; S. o, R/ {3 C- I
) Q X2 k+ \+ _5 I O# D1 E 146. Judicial noncooperation1 H/ O/ I% l3 d. u+ W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# }4 w* _/ @. x& n% X4 o8 Z# o
148. Mutiny
% D, }# J4 Z8 V/ R* k0 Y9 E* J" nDomestic Governmental Action) E4 h$ J: k M& }; w
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 W& e3 F; P, I6 a+ P# D" h 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& G, _( a$ F2 H0 H& ]% R) \& V$ M3 p- w& U1 ^+ U' R/ A$ E1 n
International Governmental Action2 R) P- B- S. a2 I3 C, N
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ n/ r4 Y+ g q. i- I: Z4 E 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) g+ b4 M8 N7 l
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! }1 Q& V0 y& z7 ~" Z
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" U8 \9 [3 ], S# n% S9 {( {, B- Z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, P: f' I, A2 z$ O# p* ^4 H: I; Y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) {, Y& d: H% V. A7 ]6 o
157. Expulsion from international organizations( N; j* _$ X6 S8 m
; y+ M" @% r+ n7 }. I$ P1 G ' B% ]+ ?1 V7 Y7 q0 l
$ [, A2 a' s! ^" O: g3 S4 W1 VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. k7 d1 g1 Q0 S$ V8 N8 p
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Psychological Intervention
) Z1 U& ?: K5 w0 l 158. Self-exposure to the elements/ d, q* ?$ o+ ?% [7 E1 m0 h
159. The fast
8 j. D; g! M0 f+ @6 l8 [ a) Fast of moral pressure
: d) F9 s3 g* x b) Hunger strike4 f, _% h' x! N2 X( Y. \2 D5 O
c) Satyagrahic fast
: r7 j0 p" o) c) @, c5 b |) T 160. Reverse trial
: {% z9 O0 m* _7 Z( }2 V 161. Nonviolent harassment
5 |# g7 _: u9 h* _: ]
& Y5 p* j |0 W3 O0 YPhysical Intervention
{4 g) c2 K) Y F7 I 162. Sit-in
1 P6 ^4 R8 P; S9 F 163. Stand-in& b! W: p: e; ^ I1 B
164. Ride-in
7 l# p; G6 l, A _+ \9 F$ ^9 I: S 165. Wade-in
, C) m4 _" Z2 Y' v8 U, ]. I& E* B% i 166. Mill-in2 }+ g, [/ e6 l
167. Pray-in
3 ]- K$ I! k2 Y 168. Nonviolent raids/ G& G3 F/ N. ^" J% J, Y: y& }
169. Nonviolent air raids
; n% l' d0 Z" U2 \$ `# X 170. Nonviolent invasion
: p8 m& I* e/ X# p 171. Nonviolent interjection
) X( k8 i: X# X2 A 172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 O* _; s/ s# b 173. Nonviolent occupation
T" s0 ?4 o; S2 K1 \
9 f( Y$ u/ C! ^; w% GSocial Intervention
8 z9 x, m: E9 a. ?, m2 z 174. Establishing new social patterns! t2 z6 ?, k! @6 _1 v C5 ]/ a
175. Overloading of facilities
3 G: N0 Z8 v( k" p% G0 [ 176. Stall-in
9 j' P7 ]' o& |6 `! U 177. Speak-in
$ X [ F6 U: _& M 178. Guerrilla theater
3 `3 g7 ]9 n$ |* X' C! c 179. Alternative social institutions
9 D( d4 P. Y' i! p 180. Alternative communication system
! ^" D7 Q; Y) F2 n6 {
8 Z+ L5 i6 a! d( @! A( j# G+ lEconomic Intervention8 u6 q2 z3 p3 _: L- K
181. Reverse strike
/ Z; i6 Q9 h: p3 N+ H 182. Stay-in strike
) m7 K! k4 e/ X# s3 i. t 183. Nonviolent land seizure: N7 e/ H4 F1 M& a
184. Defiance of blockades
8 ^' F* Y1 d9 T5 y6 W$ n4 ~ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 w5 T4 z; a1 w- \+ S5 a6 x 186. Preclusive purchasing+ M2 K& ]6 s: _4 x/ i' C( j- ]
187. Seizure of assets
9 C& ]8 |' K5 S: k 188. Dumping
9 g' a7 a4 J$ ]5 g* l 189. Selective patronage
+ A7 B5 m/ X# c* o. P% V: z* d' J 190. Alternative markets8 O) v9 C5 k) j$ L& K
191. Alternative transportation systems b0 d) R7 i* B( S! h0 q- O% A
192. Alternative economic institutions
! y0 y/ P- f2 G* x: P
" {/ h$ A3 ]! r2 _3 p$ hPolitical Intervention
1 F% m0 e' X& _/ i 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) X+ |! ?: Y& t) d6 d3 ] 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ K; @2 T, O# A# {9 [! F9 b
195. Seeking imprisonment
: o& |* S, c4 {/ v R3 _ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! z" ~# j6 s# k' O/ ?: O( q- Z
197. Work-on without collaboration
" k$ O% ]+ _' M q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# |, t' ?! [) t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
