 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 d0 G: p* `1 _$ u
Formal Statements1 \5 Y+ e" x* m0 @3 Y
1. Public Speeches8 w$ L6 T( }; ]. O# V
2. Letters of opposition or support
) ]% ^- k1 K- E7 M6 { @6 H 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! \% @3 W" _$ k' j& e6 f 4. Signed public statements
% j7 c* B7 l( `3 z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention) t7 x9 M/ l+ N8 D* c" y; T N
6. Group or mass petitions/ v+ t ~8 c- O
8 F2 Q& d' n6 I2 J- zCommunications with a Wider Audience- d5 x$ p1 _6 p* X8 i8 e0 j
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# J8 I3 @) ~1 `2 D6 a) Z% w9 j
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 l. ]) Q% d" V3 U- ?3 P 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 ~: _: |9 }7 J9 a- z+ [' ^ 10. Newspapers and journals
# i9 k7 U) q# r1 P6 f 11. Records, radio, and television
+ {- @4 k5 V+ }+ E4 U 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; e0 i7 {4 p& Z1 r) W
Q" \# @2 A: O* I# }& aGroup Representations
' |: g! J$ k# A) q/ E" E 13. Deputations; R& G; B; U% z
14. Mock awards D% \7 f9 p' b+ p% q
15. Group lobbying( }) `" f! _4 P1 a
16. Picketing) r: I( I5 d( y: R6 w) }. K
17. Mock elections! c: W( F# c# Y M) [: Y
9 ^3 [5 `, d+ L F9 I
Symbolic Public Acts8 m/ M! o4 y# i4 x
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" a+ D0 P. J- }2 _ 19. Wearing of symbols: L4 N) |" {8 n1 [2 R) J! w4 K
20. Prayer and worship
/ @4 A# y, U4 I% z 21. Delivering symbolic objects* ~! Q# v$ [) I& z( Q$ t
22. Protest disrobings+ x0 J# h2 D; n0 ]
23. Destruction of own property* c2 R; R: }' c8 @
24. Symbolic lights( X" D: s8 K+ i& q1 }! ?
25. Displays of portraits1 U8 w3 d" b) b. r. K4 H9 @4 [
26. Paint as protest& G' j H6 W; j! Y& y
27. New signs and names
1 |& y+ F% o4 M 28. Symbolic sounds4 t9 Z0 J# y$ G% K- n7 H: B
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 K# {. z! t; `5 | 30. Rude gestures: z) B- g& T& C7 k, ?
& g' b* u- e2 j# k @4 X* l, c% jPressures on Individuals* w& l, w% \0 d5 ]
31. “Haunting” officials
+ e0 H- N' w! l- n x& K5 V+ ?9 l2 t 32. Taunting officials
6 U- P p# P: v' ?) b1 y 33. Fraternization
* N* x4 K# J. p, S 34. Vigils' {5 x: \5 H% J7 x. q
7 n1 y" M0 K- X% ]# n8 iDrama and Music
1 b. C2 _# h2 E f. ^9 o 35. Humorous skits and pranks9 M9 G5 e% J1 T9 \4 W( G
36. Performances of plays and music
( J! L% n* b; j" w; V, ], P 37. Singing- D, z) S3 w* w; d& r
6 x% s( s! A2 fProcessions
% C2 ?3 K4 C$ ~: ~5 J2 A 38. Marches
- n2 W; u7 y, B; P) e* {( e 39. Parades
5 z- U0 |' `/ ]' @$ N 40. Religious processions
3 | x- P2 D. \ 41. Pilgrimages
! q6 G, y0 A& U7 `3 V, ~5 Q 42. Motorcades
$ |1 o: {! ~1 _' o
8 I0 n$ S* U! O# k9 w2 Y' FHonoring the Dead* d. }6 ]7 r7 A/ ~/ ^
43. Political mourning2 B/ p* r! D3 k- j! W! w8 S8 U
44. Mock funerals- A' X/ r6 L# J5 z/ w
45. Demonstrative funerals6 Z" ^8 D' ^. e$ s8 d
46. Homage at burial places" v6 c5 _2 a8 [5 R
2 q' ?) ?: N- o! e5 Z
Public Assemblies* }2 N, Z- G6 S0 ]
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 V W8 |5 o% \3 M
48. Protest meetings& J. g3 o9 A4 D1 J/ _& E
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( y+ c4 ]% [ u; C
50. Teach-ins
# L# U, @, T5 j" f/ R7 Q/ t5 a: {4 W) ` a
Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 y0 z9 ^2 ]4 E. [& z [ 51. Walk-outs6 T& g- Y( f* L' q! }4 P* p
52. Silence
. B! J3 m; j# P0 O3 ~' I3 O 53. Renouncing honors
1 s1 X8 K0 b2 g( {0 R% }' G" F$ z2 R 54. Turning one’s back" k2 O' a) v& z
8 t5 t6 P) }- f0 d' N & @4 [! R' j/ {0 S* ~
9 H. m( ^2 `8 \9 o% C
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: f& U d( `. \' B7 h+ ]# d9 t1 o: s$ q) K& W
* _& }: h! l& D9 @9 @% W/ f
. K: W7 k/ {7 r' E- BOstracism of Persons' C( b, f7 J8 @3 x
55. Social boycott
$ Q* C4 T* [, k G8 N P 56. Selective social boycott
2 R# k+ v, R0 b, V: u% a" F 57. Lysistratic nonaction
, O. l- c8 {% d+ p) I# ?/ |0 n$ Q/ { 58. Excommunication
; u* ?$ ^1 E, P 59. Interdict
3 h" F+ P# O4 [! b8 P0 U9 p0 K7 g+ m: V/ o% A; R" n7 ]7 i
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# a, W; [) \* ~- |. u: j 60. Suspension of social and sports activities. X- @; j& Q- O/ _6 k1 c" Z
61. Boycott of social affairs
8 Y1 n" s4 a- J; l 62. Student strike
7 }9 S5 N7 Q x4 P 63. Social disobedience" r% n' @. E4 C) @0 k: t5 O; D! _
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% f9 W) R! [. a/ p* Y# |% F/ ]' o/ S1 W& ?5 U/ L+ I; A
Withdrawal from the Social System$ ~# b* H2 z7 a0 k* c
65. Stay-at-home
6 p6 X/ {( }! ` 66. Total personal noncooperation2 {# H) P3 A# g8 L
67. “Flight” of workers
7 Y/ n( e5 j: l* Q; y5 M+ C) B( B! @ 68. Sanctuary; b( S2 T- y6 G1 {' {
69. Collective disappearance1 @* \$ N! H" |7 g& L
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
. |. L0 q1 ?. ]% s0 Z3 _) n8 L$ |7 M9 T" ~2 S
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! R# b7 S7 V4 S
# H/ b, Z; U3 e
' U2 ?9 d% a4 R& | a" ZActions by Consumers
5 l# n. ^' l8 H& v2 j* V5 l 71. Consumers’ boycott
) y2 G+ H5 w: t' X$ @9 _0 E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" V0 M s6 N& q4 o! F
73. Policy of austerity
7 k3 V" B; _3 J8 F' W, o# A 74. Rent withholding
. V% @# p* _ u) A0 I 75. Refusal to rent1 U4 r0 N J4 N, S6 p; h
76. National consumers’ boycott6 y, E1 F K3 {- ?% m5 U0 t9 F
77. International consumers’ boycott: [% R5 M9 [1 l* h
0 L+ i/ q1 f; T/ Y7 N$ S0 EAction by Workers and Producers
- o% X R* h6 {) W- S- q 78. Workmen’s boycott7 S* A( c: _' ]6 M
79. Producers’ boycott' X) M/ X4 W1 A1 |; l$ c
' }; i" P0 p! ]+ l6 ^# J6 ?Action by Middlemen
; y c' s" |* D* O1 R9 m8 Y9 e 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 I" @* y- w! h7 p0 S; D
/ `5 E" _- I, S- r, L. ?6 ~Action by Owners and Management
$ e1 [6 P v8 J2 l 81. Traders’ boycott
& _9 y! l/ \& Q0 i7 N1 ]; Y 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 v' b7 B) f$ V! z ]5 c/ G% w
83. Lockout# E# @9 Z [* G( R5 Z$ ]6 ?
84. Refusal of industrial assistance- ]& w, g0 d$ k/ c0 M. d2 o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: f* F" {9 z- }1 \ |7 z- |
9 l% p5 E( T& xAction by Holders of Financial Resources
( F) w0 Y2 i: A6 Z: ?( x) w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- v. ^# ]" T- l$ A
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. `5 n6 z+ k: P$ V" Y
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
8 Y; L. H! l( @5 E: o- } 89. Severance of funds and credit& n/ }, d' `9 l3 H
90. Revenue refusal( c+ t% R% K2 h/ P
91. Refusal of a government’s money
; G5 {- S( Z; {& z' f
6 j$ v8 i3 c& ?5 L4 m/ tAction by Governments
( v& J" W% ?- J; T 92. Domestic embargo
( ^ `6 J+ W5 p! h" Q* F 93. Blacklisting of traders
9 N |: Y; n: J# V9 `. D) Y: \ 94. International sellers’ embargo3 t* n% J8 ^ b0 X# K& [- U# h5 ?
95. International buyers’ embargo
7 i; M. Q* d* I8 M) W+ n" c2 h 96. International trade embargo
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6 {/ E4 ~" j/ }. h 4 J( @$ z* U. B. K
& _: U @" m3 F% h, nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% B y& U6 _4 R) I! q
3 [4 g, `" y9 w
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Symbolic Strikes
: e3 w9 ~- O' }; q 97. Protest strike" R% {' y+ P e4 ~
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 u' Z. A1 e/ B% L1 @0 \ f* f8 ]9 D% G( v; | A3 Z# o' R# W
Agricultural Strikes
- \& F7 E+ G$ V( M4 O# A& l: d4 i 99. Peasant strike7 A- |8 s" u2 K. d/ L
100. Farm Workers’ strike$ D; E5 @( q$ a3 r( R
7 [% D7 P0 Z9 E% Y* |Strikes by Special Groups
1 r2 c- Y1 M9 B. J/ l# ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
; c+ F' T( ^ x2 p% M& _ 102. Prisoners’ strike7 ]2 f& I; F. D1 e. m/ D& N, o2 C
103. Craft strike
f& [( V" a) ]1 t2 o/ R 104. Professional strike @2 k# R+ o3 x. r7 {1 r/ S
5 k9 k* M, E3 @% m
Ordinary Industrial Strikes) [( N1 n2 b& B( T4 D p% }
105. Establishment strike! \4 d3 i- V2 ?- C8 l! u* K
106. Industry strike
; r! p- ~4 [) W. F1 D/ x1 S 107. Sympathetic strike- N0 C5 l6 } J8 x
. F/ w6 s( D8 P
Restricted Strikes
8 @' ~/ d p% z0 x- r; x9 X( t 108. Detailed strike0 F% o8 x! d0 Y# ]8 J3 @
109. Bumper strike L8 A c, i" L$ U- A
110. Slowdown strike9 h" i; E0 z& d- f* y# j3 ^
111. Working-to-rule strike
' }8 m7 |# V- _6 ]9 Q5 ^& Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 P1 J$ S$ S6 V
113. Strike by resignation8 e; e% r( r& i- t8 }' {- M! w3 v
114. Limited strike& l" B4 P' R/ F
115. Selective strike$ }. I+ x( O8 W' Z
1 t* r* E+ T% p/ J, pMulti-Industry Strikes
* g8 b G+ V) L( d5 P
- f2 U# w r& ~; W" l7 W9 q y 116. Generalized strike" n" o% b% x- U
^" b5 I- V8 k5 q6 O' w f' y
117. General strike
1 s, p% a( F E' h! _* v; k3 O# @0 x( f( l( G' B' J
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 ]" E; R4 Q7 B6 j
O: ]- m6 Q' H3 K
118. Hartal3 B4 i% D. A' m. ^
P7 @# V0 v6 I# P1 r 119. Economic shutdown- p4 n. n( ^, x6 B, G; d
1 s9 G" x9 B+ |, R, G1 {4 v0 ]" e0 x
2 Y8 k( t8 _" ~; P. z6 [
8 d. _4 {0 C) Y% _: b ?( f) z1 s5 STHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
# n2 d9 O; |; D- X- Z: } 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; m3 B- Z a# N: L1 Z; f+ g, v 121. Refusal of public support% P3 Q' K! Z- ?8 V1 i: q* @
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 j5 H/ R1 t4 [+ r
- i$ z5 A# J8 V. k3 s: T5 rCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 J( l3 S; i( I
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 a; S- H1 R) Y% C 124. Boycott of elections' h; }( ~" j6 J
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 _5 A/ d3 s |9 O& Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; y$ v& Z9 H. `7 E) t 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ H+ t) H3 E# \3 }. Q: _ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' x: g( U: ?5 m# Y5 A" T
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 x7 Y3 h6 k% x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 G4 ^. q, e, d2 Z" C J/ E, l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, Y7 A7 B0 Z# X. B- H
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ k; o% F+ D; \9 s* D: B9 V( n# {, n. H( z$ O$ o
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 @; @% ^/ o/ M& C' P; c0 p/ J 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; I# A4 o+ M4 u$ u 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# \% h8 a" C* f+ c# Q* h t; } 135. Popular nonobedience' |5 X+ h" f, R3 B
136. Disguised disobedience
! n/ m9 Z3 V$ \1 D" v6 P& H. C 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 `5 q6 T+ O& \5 `+ b2 O, N2 I7 w- P 138. Sitdown
! E* S. u4 U8 j" M, Z- t. N- m 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! `: c' n8 l- x1 ~3 j' } 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities Y: Q; Z6 k0 y0 J! }
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ V+ U1 u1 R/ C: A
# w7 J8 z& N5 ]" m+ bAction by Government Personnel
0 Z- ~( M! Y' g7 I) y; K6 x 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" v9 ]+ V* B/ U2 W& V) q
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) Z" I2 T% P+ y g' A 144. Stalling and obstruction* a9 m; ]0 e4 q4 \+ e; M: m s4 _2 f3 |
145. General administrative noncooperation
3 d6 ]7 _3 [3 y+ h7 y/ q0 }& O8 y' l: s
146. Judicial noncooperation
. x8 X- G7 [/ `$ }% o* z' _3 s 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" F" Y1 y& s8 Y3 o. l' \ 148. Mutiny% `! y% l" X- [+ Y% e" o- G
Domestic Governmental Action2 ?- V( h* b! q9 c8 q' t
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ S5 d/ ~3 n& H# S: u+ C
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" W+ z! d+ e" P3 o
, `7 l# ~( R# jInternational Governmental Action
" r/ L2 a6 }8 ?8 [% J 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& W6 L. Y& i7 } d( k2 o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 T0 k8 d4 t2 d0 G) f$ K A8 I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 y& {# {4 F% D$ K7 q6 u+ F 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ n0 d3 T& r5 H 155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ B& B/ I: W; Z' c6 R. n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) {5 P$ X8 D8 F7 A5 t
157. Expulsion from international organizations
/ S8 Q9 X# e* B/ \5 C: i& F I+ I8 e1 q D# F }
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' a; n1 |6 `% ?6 d( U8 u- {' dTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
2 U0 c) S" _6 y
# T8 e$ E" F$ ~0 ?" u& F5 U+ e , n( @" Z# Q4 c# F& P J+ @4 }4 }
Psychological Intervention
0 D' @' o; a5 w/ @" W 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 E' H: F8 q1 |# G+ q 159. The fast
, t# ~3 S, S C* R+ T: M a) Fast of moral pressure2 _5 b8 m" {& L% O
b) Hunger strike W# }; e3 s0 H. E; m9 w% h
c) Satyagrahic fast
0 `- u. [3 k( W5 F: G4 f 160. Reverse trial" e! }# s* g1 F6 j
161. Nonviolent harassment1 Y- B3 L" D6 S3 l; N. k
' k: B5 Z4 v2 |/ U. U/ ?( KPhysical Intervention) l5 s+ v) u1 ~- K
162. Sit-in" T* M Q0 Y+ E: q
163. Stand-in
$ c3 X1 F8 k# G: @; L2 J2 G 164. Ride-in4 V# R9 n9 ~+ m2 S- U5 r3 m8 T
165. Wade-in# O0 D: u/ H; r
166. Mill-in/ Y F/ \2 B. Y
167. Pray-in' V1 p% _( B& A
168. Nonviolent raids6 g2 G" i! H* N: q# g
169. Nonviolent air raids
) g0 y: M$ l( Y2 O0 h f2 \ 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 N" z( k% L9 T: q6 j; K! m) p 171. Nonviolent interjection
3 @$ Q% S6 _& ^- Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ Z: A; M( ^: [
173. Nonviolent occupation3 v3 h1 M: J0 G2 ~8 I- Z+ ?
( E& m& Z& f* Y, Q" kSocial Intervention3 f, R: R8 g7 X/ n$ H; Q# S6 o
174. Establishing new social patterns2 ~. I/ t x$ y2 l7 ^& T
175. Overloading of facilities
% P& W- o- f- q6 G, c/ T9 ] 176. Stall-in
& a7 B5 W5 @" |* l, _7 D+ w1 \% { 177. Speak-in8 W8 Z$ U( O8 t& }3 H3 F
178. Guerrilla theater
( a0 u0 k; N4 @+ z" H: C 179. Alternative social institutions
) n8 X( F$ q$ ~& \9 J 180. Alternative communication system
; i) n! \% v: p! c
, e B. i0 L+ s( `1 ^Economic Intervention9 T4 }# c/ _0 _, B: s$ ^
181. Reverse strike1 ]4 x3 T. @2 J. y7 R, Q
182. Stay-in strike
% b( [& b3 u3 P 183. Nonviolent land seizure
\8 R% e- `& f8 v" P7 {! h 184. Defiance of blockades) x1 S7 R1 I& u0 `# d
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 {: S" N& U/ D" |3 z- J* ]
186. Preclusive purchasing
7 O2 J0 w, E2 A6 e6 _ 187. Seizure of assets
( D L& G a/ S 188. Dumping& R6 P1 z; T2 O5 @6 A
189. Selective patronage# _4 l. [" z4 U& F7 h* ~! ]3 e! M$ n
190. Alternative markets
5 l0 R/ ^ s8 q' s% I. S 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 {1 S) j. A+ Y" _# {+ w" g5 A 192. Alternative economic institutions
- ~( c' Y* ? G3 y
q6 U) G, }" m0 p# K" UPolitical Intervention
9 I8 B- q7 O8 M1 a5 b6 q 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) j# @" {( B8 k; ?( r9 T 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 k; Q# m2 S# H4 _ M* o: P( {
195. Seeking imprisonment5 b% X$ {, i# ]% R, c9 z: ~
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# h- _% F. y3 j
197. Work-on without collaboration/ ^' s: `7 ]5 Z4 D- ]- K8 `
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* c4 ], B; |* t+ q) C4 R& Y( W
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
