 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ |. f( V, t. `: SFormal Statements9 i9 K8 B4 o* o1 a3 M
1. Public Speeches7 d: p$ T" O# O$ W3 s7 \8 {9 e
2. Letters of opposition or support3 b2 E* H1 G( @' D5 |# r
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, N, k$ T, n0 J O5 v
4. Signed public statements! T; v5 f9 e5 g/ r3 W: A. o
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 x4 |# J$ m8 o. M) f 6. Group or mass petitions
& k7 P% k9 _' ]- `* J
. J O# s* K/ U6 {Communications with a Wider Audience
2 T" Z; Q* y0 p 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 C; g) Q' p( ] T 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications8 ]' n {) G! o2 r
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, {3 V# |$ X4 o" C; q# {/ k 10. Newspapers and journals
9 K7 f" f8 [3 f# ~" F 11. Records, radio, and television
) f4 H v4 `$ Q) E! z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting" y3 n- f4 H0 y( k
- ~9 c3 b3 M: b, a O ]
Group Representations
4 z1 V( v/ t+ B6 U. c 13. Deputations
$ U5 i/ s5 V: ^; U2 o0 { 14. Mock awards
/ w4 u4 c& c6 C- i, K' o 15. Group lobbying( W( r5 C" |, F, P7 K4 G/ L; }
16. Picketing$ F1 B1 Q- n3 ]/ d' E- T7 _& v7 V
17. Mock elections& l0 O6 h& ` d) A, _
3 k. b Y5 `! g- V" d0 } Q
Symbolic Public Acts; }6 x1 t6 R# b7 Z/ h
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, w4 S& t7 ^/ r) N; K 19. Wearing of symbols
+ ?6 S' p: ?' B7 l7 D/ E9 `3 ] 20. Prayer and worship" T" t+ ~- C Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects4 P" D8 K5 H& I, E y, }4 ?9 _6 O
22. Protest disrobings6 v* a" e$ a) `$ K* _
23. Destruction of own property7 }8 S6 S3 y& k7 v
24. Symbolic lights
8 J) c' k& j9 b, Z3 |) c+ b0 \' s 25. Displays of portraits
3 B$ @7 a+ n7 T( F: r* @ 26. Paint as protest
1 r J. \- Q1 W3 b 27. New signs and names5 o. O: X( z& L D$ J( z' {* A
28. Symbolic sounds
' N$ G/ O) S' v' h9 I. B) G5 b) f3 i 29. Symbolic reclamations
6 A) O1 Y/ b4 q) y, W5 j& r 30. Rude gestures
2 X: Y- |( P/ O$ T; Y( \# {( n/ k6 r6 o6 `
Pressures on Individuals' G$ e- ], }2 h9 s6 G/ V
31. “Haunting” officials# d1 O3 x; K$ m5 E* G, Y5 V
32. Taunting officials
+ p. o$ k3 A; N C 33. Fraternization, E) e+ ?; t. [& O
34. Vigils
( f; l0 ^3 s1 ~3 V, f5 h1 M7 l
/ F. D' e$ N. X/ hDrama and Music
! G0 I- w7 L- |! w* m6 F1 L, J 35. Humorous skits and pranks5 O1 ]: k. \1 \$ u/ h+ N1 `
36. Performances of plays and music
8 A; n8 _' e& i 37. Singing
7 s5 B% A: s9 |2 } G- b* ~
: v8 Z2 l* o ]* N4 ^8 ?- e4 hProcessions% o* a$ I! ^9 k
38. Marches
0 X; q6 P, ^1 G! B) r 39. Parades2 K6 g4 L; Q3 u/ y! T# `8 g* v
40. Religious processions
( S I1 l+ G) l/ I 41. Pilgrimages
6 ]' F. p" ~( g) v) p7 G3 X 42. Motorcades8 x; V- U9 |/ j9 t8 J
) k; b8 y# X9 @0 VHonoring the Dead% ?0 J; Q W5 H3 ~+ o
43. Political mourning& _# Q) w4 i, O- b* a' U3 o4 t
44. Mock funerals! d1 G9 Z8 c4 e+ o, J. B- E
45. Demonstrative funerals
" c `2 {+ M3 z# H: g 46. Homage at burial places
! c: k" [8 }& e* ~
* \; e. J/ {* a7 }, a' ?Public Assemblies
+ |# k7 @! ^7 k7 S4 x Y. g0 G 47. Assemblies of protest or support/ b' S' ?. H% W* R/ x: p
48. Protest meetings1 w" Q! z, P2 ^: i$ y) f4 y. v
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 P+ I o9 p- H7 m 50. Teach-ins+ k" J8 Z2 Y; C/ K! H/ I
! ~' R* j1 W" h9 {5 q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# ^ d1 `' k8 r) i2 C# g 51. Walk-outs
; W& P/ T7 E. V$ a( ]2 b 52. Silence
8 ]" Q9 x8 f! n2 L. Y' H 53. Renouncing honors
1 _) C( a9 E2 w) P& a 54. Turning one’s back2 B5 A! C# W& F: Q
5 P7 C l: J9 i$ L
6 R* {- s& a+ R- t6 U2 m7 M0 U- S5 w" g; {, P! m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 l& D6 `* S) T
! i% k: s) n6 k
2 i" E; y& n; X7 B
. R8 E# `) e7 W6 P, o; c$ r* cOstracism of Persons' M* R7 \/ X9 |5 J
55. Social boycott( [4 Q2 I" g, ~
56. Selective social boycott9 A* L" f- n$ s
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ @9 U2 J5 `: d5 d
58. Excommunication
, _" I( p2 T! N; ]/ R9 g" i u& D1 h 59. Interdict
0 k: e$ K+ N8 n8 o7 k. L# m4 }0 c1 ?2 ~
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) d% E! S) o1 N 60. Suspension of social and sports activities# P& n. W. _: y: Y
61. Boycott of social affairs
" C) I0 k7 z* K+ ~( c 62. Student strike/ l: p4 \ ?* W* m z$ ]
63. Social disobedience
* P" M; T) T8 j& R1 ?- g 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 u; x4 z6 E; W' i3 l9 Q( M N6 x% l/ H ~% d1 V) W
Withdrawal from the Social System; r3 H% Z% |; Y( `
65. Stay-at-home
2 u9 S9 s0 o$ l+ m 66. Total personal noncooperation! H2 H8 f" v$ o1 r" y
67. “Flight” of workers
" E) q# c0 {4 c) k 68. Sanctuary2 T) C, Y- c3 C- t; f/ S8 W& K
69. Collective disappearance$ p/ n1 U1 x* o( _2 `, O: ^; g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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1 N; q# c* S. l2 m5 l1 }3 G / f" J: { [9 E# S5 }/ A4 t' T% W- D
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( I2 Y# r0 a1 }2 b3 X
( d" b. c5 |* h' t
$ u4 a9 r- ]- ]. d3 rActions by Consumers
" j. `) A8 I& w1 E 71. Consumers’ boycott6 H$ R) _) y/ n$ s9 d" T, X- C
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& X( A% C6 Y5 ^+ M4 e: `: O7 o 73. Policy of austerity7 B7 D' `- A+ A' T, N
74. Rent withholding
/ F5 A. i) f7 F; e6 b$ n 75. Refusal to rent
+ U3 S3 E. O) X" u" X! ?; d6 G 76. National consumers’ boycott# ^" J6 N( o8 N
77. International consumers’ boycott
' m' }5 S7 W6 x, f8 F0 c$ s2 f( l7 O$ L$ z; a2 ] j
Action by Workers and Producers4 U4 e( k3 h+ ^
78. Workmen’s boycott
n2 Q8 ^9 @7 R+ d( V+ Q 79. Producers’ boycott
9 Z8 R* y; Q9 L
! j; d3 J( H3 ~" U6 R9 CAction by Middlemen
% c0 V+ w- i# v/ C/ M- N) M6 G 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
% m. L, [ C5 j8 c$ v0 f 81. Traders’ boycott& S$ {* o' }. X& ?9 B9 h
82. Refusal to let or sell property& ^7 g% V. M1 A: B
83. Lockout% V- [9 n* C. ]# o* r* T$ _. |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, I# O( I, E' ] 85. Merchants’ “general strike”, U+ j: P- K0 }* c
% C- C- H- @- v7 `* U2 FAction by Holders of Financial Resources \) D6 @& l% l8 k/ u( @. r
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" {9 y' N0 O" z* ?9 Y( `" J: P u4 p, {) ^
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- {6 | u2 {$ q 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 T, S+ \6 W4 K# o- ]; J% L) I" h 89. Severance of funds and credit* A+ y2 v$ v, ~/ Y5 l: _7 L* d+ h
90. Revenue refusal
% @: K, `* @0 @. c, S 91. Refusal of a government’s money
) I/ k: I b3 ?1 A2 O, {; Y" w2 a# ^" T7 O) }
Action by Governments5 L2 m6 F' J& Q
92. Domestic embargo0 \3 F2 G1 o6 g' m2 @
93. Blacklisting of traders: r5 c8 E" `6 m& Y
94. International sellers’ embargo
" ]" ?6 u3 M/ w0 Q3 Q+ h1 ~ 95. International buyers’ embargo
; S8 O: [( q& ]: E# l 96. International trade embargo2 w- y$ F' I) @; U
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1 G2 _0 ^8 O! b) H5 F5 N( x% P/ P4 g K, L. U" z/ q- k
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
6 T( \6 R7 N$ p
, {7 X! N2 j' F; j0 } ( W3 m0 s8 f+ s; j; D
Symbolic Strikes$ f. p: M& B& J- g! z
97. Protest strike
( w/ z& \8 B& {% f9 ]& J$ j4 P; Q! F 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' r' c9 A+ _8 r5 A/ W, M9 N; ^# P5 c% w$ j
Agricultural Strikes
! v6 I, C5 U3 h' }9 j0 @ 99. Peasant strike
~8 W1 L* P+ ^0 q& [2 X* d: H5 \ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
" X* @) n: H: [2 T
6 ]0 T, P0 Z6 D9 G6 |$ z' CStrikes by Special Groups L$ T+ X! s! t- s3 k% K" k* f0 T
101. Refusal of impressed labor g- L, U O$ U8 w: t( h) d
102. Prisoners’ strike8 S4 @5 C; ]- q4 i; A3 v' i
103. Craft strike
+ ?3 X$ d; I* ]. G* h* K: U 104. Professional strike7 l, @; v3 \: C. }( f
1 P# a7 L* `3 ~( POrdinary Industrial Strikes
; f( q1 ^, s* ?" j$ W) \( c 105. Establishment strike/ l& N" j. ], |
106. Industry strike
) F `: }1 @) p7 D- c 107. Sympathetic strike
. |4 C! r% G8 b" @8 m, z$ S
4 ]+ L" E( M9 _& q, a; }Restricted Strikes1 n) J; o' m9 o6 I, x' p, V/ q7 \ {
108. Detailed strike9 d' ` u- `4 J# e6 X$ h: R3 j
109. Bumper strike
" O0 J& s8 |$ {6 X' s; D3 E& C- o 110. Slowdown strike' ?: s" q6 W+ t" X; w2 A# i
111. Working-to-rule strike/ }" C- {' U; ^- m2 |
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 @: e5 k. {8 y/ ~6 H$ n0 W
113. Strike by resignation
' ?' B$ z( ~4 c8 O$ r5 F1 h 114. Limited strike: E3 w5 o% V v1 W
115. Selective strike
( \) {' w i9 j" }0 O9 }
- J3 H0 Y1 n6 bMulti-Industry Strikes
$ g! W0 O& e8 K6 |* m/ ~( ~
2 ]0 E2 G( g! Q6 O* f2 \ 116. Generalized strike
0 g; z0 B" T, v. a' M( c" B0 C/ u. d* }; |" ^* `( O
117. General strike" L$ @3 I- D( d/ {( O1 n
' f+ p; P5 ?; }/ G! c ?
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
+ F' Y/ [1 x3 n5 O+ h9 G: _9 _( C9 K. j) T
119. Economic shutdown
+ X4 x1 ]% ^$ d) G2 @5 Y9 }
6 O; Y8 ]& o1 ~) Q & d8 r6 H% y1 p G, \
% U8 h; h5 p. D( L' L
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! N& d7 m3 Z+ A' D8 y, c/ y% U
5 s2 f4 ?: x e1 w0 R+ X8 g9 q
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Rejection of Authority
4 o d3 o- k. i3 @9 v0 u! ^+ u 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% ]: D( e" J- A
121. Refusal of public support( Q! Z: ~% i; L! i
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! s* l/ u; V# r
4 U* c: ^0 k+ d4 e: o3 i
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government. J7 X" [3 n e7 t
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 \6 p; a/ G% z) U 124. Boycott of elections
- U7 ~- J; K) j- p7 n) ` 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- b& E4 [# L( b2 C1 I
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies7 N9 T; `' Y4 `' N
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" Y3 {% X M \" K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. x! C& V4 }$ M1 {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. g# |; z# {* [& h4 n 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 v+ a6 D- l% d8 O: z* L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 k; u7 I, W' B3 {8 w3 T
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- h( l& t1 _ T& `9 U
2 R, M) \6 n2 z% b: x- fCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience b$ R- l% z* Z1 b) D* l' W( K. r
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; K% j0 B6 f3 i6 Z$ Q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% p5 P# o5 }9 T
135. Popular nonobedience- B% b6 T5 `' r' n9 `
136. Disguised disobedience
% J O* i$ O: `* h 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! M s+ n! f$ M$ e0 j% u/ _ 138. Sitdown+ i; ?$ x0 n2 t0 R- r$ d0 g
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' C1 ]: V' ~6 n' \! m0 Y 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, v7 p# ~8 y4 j% _* h 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* g7 @2 o& W B$ I% T3 v J
' X, o& V$ C; u# G
Action by Government Personnel
2 {$ V8 v) J$ A9 K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 f- t' `; s( y; F4 s. Z( ]4 H0 x; P 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 o& Z3 K. x8 L. w$ {) U2 a 144. Stalling and obstruction
& T# d( n1 d( w, K4 N# b! l 145. General administrative noncooperation
- D9 B% Z+ s3 q7 j# y
; X3 p, _: u! W) e0 Y. E 146. Judicial noncooperation# I4 b3 j, g& C9 Z. h
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& B. m" t) F9 h) n0 `
148. Mutiny6 _0 R# u/ M$ f5 a0 r) H% a- y& ^
Domestic Governmental Action
) H! |5 J4 \/ G& @! I( N2 j 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 h# `2 q8 X. B; k: v$ G! ^. O 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ V) R* r% g8 Y" l5 e8 ~
) Q9 o& C$ A8 o2 V2 X
International Governmental Action& J/ @( ?; e0 d/ b6 J$ J3 a
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 ]6 d# F( }. h% T$ e
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 K" ~# g+ Y5 ?# c9 K0 G
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 I4 ?! ]% l, l8 p+ f( M; Q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 G. {; G6 ~; I
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. s( F0 c$ u `, t 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 C, T r6 g: Q: N
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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) C* f) E! t: jTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- a, |. A$ l% K! I
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$ m( }! g( a) E ZPsychological Intervention
2 S, ?; Z* [( d1 V2 G 158. Self-exposure to the elements1 ^& T$ |% x$ Y# y4 L! L
159. The fast* Q. w8 f& @, V! h
a) Fast of moral pressure
j M" B) Q% j$ C/ x* H b) Hunger strike# \: W$ j/ \- A2 U/ L
c) Satyagrahic fast0 m. E* m4 S: Q3 c: J, I; O
160. Reverse trial
' j) }5 t- y+ u8 q' ? 161. Nonviolent harassment2 D" I7 G$ c5 y/ B! y4 z2 M
0 N' _& |* e D. b0 RPhysical Intervention
; X2 z- D! C7 {+ W 162. Sit-in
: t' [; b! r1 d1 J ?9 T+ Y# K 163. Stand-in& C2 N0 N% Q+ Z7 h5 x$ q( H ^
164. Ride-in8 z5 z7 x. K: R/ S' A
165. Wade-in
& V& y' o& k9 u/ R3 O5 p8 b7 O 166. Mill-in
2 d! z: C, J9 V- E6 X* ] 167. Pray-in% h' l8 }3 `5 w/ ]: b
168. Nonviolent raids
! ^3 h, A6 l+ R, A: P1 n 169. Nonviolent air raids
a; n& ], `2 ~ y( ?. _ 170. Nonviolent invasion
) y" U Q+ P8 O; T2 a9 d 171. Nonviolent interjection
" x. @# O) W- r1 \- k: S 172. Nonviolent obstruction
K3 ^3 z4 S* f5 n# C0 E; B 173. Nonviolent occupation/ L' Y7 P3 d9 I3 s- A
8 J5 P' N3 n/ B7 S9 l/ x
Social Intervention
: f4 @! ~& @6 o. I0 P" Z 174. Establishing new social patterns
3 g$ _9 j/ q1 I" h, P Y 175. Overloading of facilities9 J) z4 W, ~2 u( ?1 N& g0 a T* x
176. Stall-in
; h1 e. L( g% N5 j% i' e/ a 177. Speak-in
9 t6 |- u8 q# \" Z. ?3 m 178. Guerrilla theater- N' M0 d; h% {- ^! F, r
179. Alternative social institutions% C! U5 ~. S% \; R& C8 Q, D4 S! e' @+ f
180. Alternative communication system3 Y6 ?# T/ w& C1 Q6 N1 _
7 ^) B5 u, Z1 \0 PEconomic Intervention
) c4 n( C4 c y 181. Reverse strike
4 e8 M7 ? x$ c/ _, ?- i8 v 182. Stay-in strike
. P/ a1 ]3 M5 W. Q( ~" _9 H7 ]0 H. F 183. Nonviolent land seizure
% W# }( O1 Q2 \5 U4 K 184. Defiance of blockades1 H1 f- q/ v9 z: x: k* M
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- t0 M1 R- H) y! h# Y/ u% q 186. Preclusive purchasing
+ \- E0 g: n; `& O, A; N4 ] 187. Seizure of assets
8 I' D6 E7 \' [; G o! T 188. Dumping' Q4 G8 U$ k# i
189. Selective patronage
: i0 H% s; r% v1 E 190. Alternative markets
" y6 j3 e. L# l) Q$ P 191. Alternative transportation systems
* N6 B$ r) P g0 T# j8 U' Q 192. Alternative economic institutions
2 q% Y z' Z9 K$ J" g E; T- S) A7 y/ C* g& ?3 z
Political Intervention2 w8 }1 L( {, k4 D
193. Overloading of administrative systems* c Y/ [5 `. m
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 _0 k1 ]! y+ I+ B2 w- |: b. k3 B
195. Seeking imprisonment1 L" X+ R# J- F% T
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! a# p4 w% d- A |2 F
197. Work-on without collaboration) g% L5 Y6 G( z4 O( K
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
