 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 m! X7 w7 ~8 P# ^) z8 o
Formal Statements9 r1 K+ _5 h- J9 t( b* d
1. Public Speeches3 k8 M$ ~$ q8 L( L' F
2. Letters of opposition or support
3 {8 ]- M5 ^, |* K" t* j7 a 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; ~+ D* ~7 y* m2 \* V: j7 I# B% {
4. Signed public statements6 C5 h Y# A' t7 j. u) r
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, j* r7 O( H- d4 s6 U! I 6. Group or mass petitions- P$ n0 O1 d) B& W
4 @) I- n& P. WCommunications with a Wider Audience
1 S. `. G1 U. W# f( V) L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' A2 a6 D1 t- w8 q2 ^3 v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# b X" o9 u! z% f( s, j* N0 L 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 ^8 B3 X7 X+ ?/ X) G0 p, o6 D 10. Newspapers and journals
9 b) n7 j8 z5 q+ Y8 K$ o9 t 11. Records, radio, and television- K7 ?0 U. G, v8 q1 N/ `
12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 K! U$ k, t+ N) v3 X$ d2 H+ B4 U0 y
( D/ d: _2 l3 Q Q& oGroup Representations3 w+ e$ K" {7 p( {+ R: ^
13. Deputations5 o" O E/ y7 H& w# r2 R
14. Mock awards
8 P& ^5 ~" H: C8 @, r: | 15. Group lobbying7 |% p q" I$ [# y% G
16. Picketing6 U9 W+ }1 k6 Z4 W
17. Mock elections* U# f! _8 B5 S7 D- f0 l0 }' Q
' F# v# K5 ^) q8 ]* k; wSymbolic Public Acts
% [/ n4 ?2 U3 A% T& q5 e4 `( B 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' ]: q5 E% P2 k$ a/ b
19. Wearing of symbols
o) M* s% |" Z9 R8 d2 x$ ^/ I 20. Prayer and worship, p) ~4 e) a4 ^
21. Delivering symbolic objects& A( J. O+ S; n \4 w0 d9 W. X3 p
22. Protest disrobings
4 h7 n3 ~, W$ B' d8 y6 E" Y8 a 23. Destruction of own property+ \2 i# `+ p. g
24. Symbolic lights
! k1 H9 q4 E- l( ? 25. Displays of portraits8 q" r9 C9 R* H1 M% q9 E4 \
26. Paint as protest
* k/ I* t) e4 Q% ]' a4 ~) D 27. New signs and names
5 Z% I [% u0 F+ }; h 28. Symbolic sounds3 b8 e8 L7 N; r
29. Symbolic reclamations7 m L9 v6 Z z: n5 w
30. Rude gestures
N$ `) U6 M( u2 H
2 G( w! C% ] O% g7 k7 |4 U. jPressures on Individuals
! S2 R6 C8 P c2 S$ f% K1 q7 | 31. “Haunting” officials1 m3 f, T' r: j+ e, _, n& K
32. Taunting officials
* W! r. A. B/ t1 w$ [# w1 k 33. Fraternization- ~' F v, T/ e! O) V# ?
34. Vigils
4 T8 j+ V# `& G+ i# K% F! P5 i$ z. b# T. e
Drama and Music
E, C0 m( t* V% T9 S0 k; ~3 D" Y 35. Humorous skits and pranks
: d2 e# R O# q; ]. x, r 36. Performances of plays and music
3 L" E! d O6 O9 B2 p& G 37. Singing. T! @2 q5 ]7 M) _( `# Q ?
; k- U$ v2 z/ w! i% m. xProcessions, M) U( h: X3 r! T0 P
38. Marches
. b0 u1 @2 @+ S( W& R0 f 39. Parades* _3 n+ H* C$ O# p3 b' \
40. Religious processions
# b2 J! g) D1 t 41. Pilgrimages9 d$ b$ @" x8 Z( u6 n
42. Motorcades
) E% p0 m/ v( Z) a- E
) J& t) }8 e9 y# j' tHonoring the Dead
) l6 ^1 y4 a! d; Z! N) R 43. Political mourning
1 v. V8 Y7 q' u+ J4 j& d7 J 44. Mock funerals% i0 O) k& g9 ^: N ~6 m8 ^1 u& ]/ o
45. Demonstrative funerals
- J% \4 N @( L+ Q2 g% s 46. Homage at burial places; n2 r6 g2 d$ t: o* V+ y
' E Q2 t$ ? Z. t+ \
Public Assemblies% m+ |% [7 u/ Z( Y, d( L
47. Assemblies of protest or support
( {6 I" N3 D, _7 K. I. Y 48. Protest meetings
7 a# p) x2 s2 ^6 B 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 e ]1 @/ |3 b1 J1 O
50. Teach-ins
3 F& ] r4 }! Q; K) K! ]/ F
4 s5 H( o0 ~, m7 }2 ^+ \9 fWithdrawal and Renunciation6 z) y) H3 X( x8 z0 B
51. Walk-outs
3 @( s! O5 |% o" s) d/ ?5 @ 52. Silence
7 J* O, _ |3 s7 ^# I9 w; f$ r f8 M 53. Renouncing honors; O+ D! { K( Q3 L2 D
54. Turning one’s back G' D- E% [" v! j) S1 e
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! R! N0 \8 g1 D! m, Q, T: b/ a' [, q; z& E* P" B
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ O2 v5 d7 E' y2 ?
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Ostracism of Persons
3 p: B% s4 Z1 [9 H9 `5 y( B 55. Social boycott" [- k/ ~# y- `5 ]8 d
56. Selective social boycott- Y5 T0 o8 U# A- j9 a$ N! s; v- ?
57. Lysistratic nonaction# m8 P2 `2 c: p
58. Excommunication) Y0 M2 e+ ?. ]- w: e. H6 s
59. Interdict
0 t. L( B" }* L3 ?7 Z( q
: |/ @4 d7 U f+ o j5 RNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- x3 F/ E0 k& b: M* |( r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- a: n& M6 y9 b! p' K) R 61. Boycott of social affairs5 ]* w: n" ^! e/ K; Z
62. Student strike
% R2 t0 d ~" a' r' f9 e( ~" H 63. Social disobedience
$ k r5 q8 {3 Q: J2 s; {& e 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; C3 c; |* N$ z4 V3 Z# L3 W6 _' {+ a: N; r% Z' h u, v+ P& S
Withdrawal from the Social System
- |: Q# b* J% r8 j; S 65. Stay-at-home q$ f$ l3 r6 ]( A
66. Total personal noncooperation3 ^% u/ K' ]: f- F" q0 b2 J
67. “Flight” of workers$ D% E! O) E: [/ A
68. Sanctuary
& [& `5 A6 P0 @& ^" x6 u 69. Collective disappearance! c0 M* E } x& }
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 n H0 P8 l0 h) t) Q
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! q7 j. c2 I x- }& H2 eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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+ c' J9 m4 N L8 V0 L7 l# w1 A 6 j+ Y2 W9 P& d: b- Q# y0 B1 q0 z
Actions by Consumers
& m2 v1 X% i8 [+ _) }7 l; G. _ 71. Consumers’ boycott
/ }* }# D2 V$ r+ S# k& | 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 f+ X; u4 Z6 W1 B% V) w 73. Policy of austerity4 }4 v) @" a/ O2 P" o6 N3 Q
74. Rent withholding* s' ]4 l# v) O4 f4 ?3 s# p
75. Refusal to rent9 V' ^3 R/ q) h+ q* S) K, x
76. National consumers’ boycott$ Q: d) c: G- i( p, v9 i% c4 u
77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers
* o9 D" [, T3 r" } 78. Workmen’s boycott
, _9 ]( l: p/ R2 H+ T: V/ | s 79. Producers’ boycott
) Z8 X9 K4 q }" t# M5 m
" i8 j" [; D% m2 ~Action by Middlemen7 N3 `+ E' _& x) P; C6 H/ G
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott Q+ B1 l4 L; J* V! l
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Action by Owners and Management
8 M: l3 l/ r0 c7 v 81. Traders’ boycott0 U1 K" ^, ^* ?
82. Refusal to let or sell property; B2 E7 n3 V" {5 s( b" v8 g8 w
83. Lockout! ~2 K, i, C+ Z4 w
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 g) L3 @: g# T" o+ e) e& l p( ^8 V# j' u 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% ]0 h, [8 ~, A/ K. i& H0 G7 e/ a
4 O1 G7 }. n( Q- ]# r) NAction by Holders of Financial Resources
, ], ]/ a; M: Y# g 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 {! K8 Y1 P9 @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% D G" [& I' y$ I) U( U 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 L: } T- s! |
89. Severance of funds and credit; [7 q4 e. n( L% s; L
90. Revenue refusal
' G, R7 }, Z4 N: w 91. Refusal of a government’s money& t0 S, J8 q( @3 B! O3 Q
. O5 f4 j0 b$ o/ d- ~. ]7 C
Action by Governments
0 E h9 L9 ?7 N1 [+ r* B 92. Domestic embargo
b9 T+ U; L/ i 93. Blacklisting of traders
8 a* b2 P/ |! ?/ S- f, k8 F6 ] 94. International sellers’ embargo- [3 L4 W! n$ u7 O
95. International buyers’ embargo* i3 m- v4 H8 R' \5 [: n* T
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 B7 ^1 @0 n/ P- S& z& R2 j
2 d4 v. v/ Y! D; B
1 Q8 {5 A. H, ]& g6 C+ JSymbolic Strikes- m0 B9 s3 l4 J! }3 W5 U
97. Protest strike" R) d8 T7 ~( E' h3 B& i0 A9 Y$ t& P
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 j3 L5 C# X0 ]' L" e6 d8 z2 G5 y z3 k% G; H5 l& S
Agricultural Strikes$ |9 R% k% K" [; u# i, R
99. Peasant strike/ n, G4 ?5 I: S$ d
100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 B; w, `$ }- n7 U- ]: z- L$ @
' y3 I* p1 ~% h) M* JStrikes by Special Groups
* ~, a. J# \1 Y9 }( O! H 101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ _0 r1 m. A# D1 O B# ~3 J2 a 102. Prisoners’ strike3 T6 K- \+ Z( H/ t4 y" n. E
103. Craft strike
( X0 l% ~, }2 t, V% v 104. Professional strike
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! A _/ A$ K5 j T, {, M3 x& ]8 b( KOrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 Q4 V3 B7 b0 T. S( d, ` 105. Establishment strike
+ C- e8 P9 G7 Y' W' G 106. Industry strike3 W- B- M8 ]- T# o
107. Sympathetic strike; T7 ^. _* u n- P( Q
# C8 u( `4 }$ c: c: I' a6 CRestricted Strikes
$ ?% v4 I. q2 C" _- V a 108. Detailed strike
1 L# @% r3 |& A! l- _ 109. Bumper strike: v' g6 o! u2 M; K0 K+ r$ p; t
110. Slowdown strike2 r. I: ~8 e7 W6 x
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ j+ I' L' V2 y6 I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ g9 i# L1 J9 q+ P1 X& e$ P 113. Strike by resignation
& ]4 Y8 o, m3 K* |( n4 ] 114. Limited strike
% _5 e; n% L% M5 _8 m( _ 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes! t2 H9 C+ M9 E2 L( j
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116. Generalized strike
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4 z; ?! I. A( Z- ^ p 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 |/ y6 v; }0 ^
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118. Hartal! t3 w- j( O" O
6 S/ l. \! a" \: p% |* G! M. K 119. Economic shutdown: \$ j0 [: {% \; ?- J& k
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4 d7 W& {: r5 q5 k p+ qTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 H( M9 l" ^6 B$ t
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2 U+ r: y R9 U2 N% \Rejection of Authority- Q) h: y9 n e; j0 o6 F" j
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: G% k% d8 w2 n* o# a* \3 T! w 121. Refusal of public support/ z ~- l% p, |$ I2 d+ Y6 a
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
/ o7 w6 ?5 b# v+ r, ~' C( ~8 \+ D" d8 }4 z; C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ H$ g) `- d! x9 }/ n. n4 c 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
[4 ]7 Y* I8 K 124. Boycott of elections4 V, _$ O+ b. |+ T C- L$ b# F! m# t
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& d) o# N( s3 v M" u* `( p: R* B 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# i+ y& p3 [) z/ ?7 f
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, d9 b8 I1 }" c
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" F, S$ I3 `" Z( i* |
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 `9 A. q$ P9 m! a 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: a! v( u3 j& f" ~+ h 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# L* z9 \2 I! X* w# j
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions3 e) D m% C9 h# B
' I+ x# H. V4 J6 R: t8 `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ [/ k' V5 F* V: U d6 E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance& k0 a& t6 ?1 `5 ^8 x4 q8 z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' Z+ m; y- C/ o! J2 I d1 X 135. Popular nonobedience+ z P6 a. `& ?7 k$ b( J
136. Disguised disobedience$ L3 H2 C$ z: `" F4 L% w
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
1 _+ W3 u. H" @7 e3 r9 q X- S 138. Sitdown; e' w" Q# g# D) H! g% q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 ]0 `* u2 o6 Z5 |+ w/ u 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" `3 A! }3 W0 |/ q" m 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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6 }4 G% a1 F+ G9 m3 w U( }Action by Government Personnel9 B, x" @2 r& G" j: |
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ Q6 G) A6 z2 H3 Z; H) p) x1 {) u* E 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ S9 `$ u3 h" g' ` o. ~ 144. Stalling and obstruction% l% g; |& z6 C# }& `" W
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 }. s; R* v+ K% r/ t- c/ k3 Q3 j
. W6 d% l8 n; o/ u 146. Judicial noncooperation
2 H* t" F. y& s* {6 W+ T* x3 f- P 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
* J/ J% U% w0 m7 y& k 148. Mutiny
2 H/ G4 c- @4 KDomestic Governmental Action
+ o# B* i5 F7 r3 ^! X 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) ^. p/ `0 Z0 v# Y# D
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 \& M$ }; E( }: d$ g
2 X2 d6 M5 L2 K& C1 A
International Governmental Action
( G6 q; s$ n3 Q- g 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* x* b7 g3 T+ I$ t 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- n0 y N9 e- K( f9 ]# W$ S
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 A4 e) E O) h. R8 S0 Q; Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: y: x J6 j9 V8 r. [0 U, q0 l 155. Withdrawal from international organizations' d: I3 ^/ n! Z5 N5 k
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 R4 p5 v$ e! I# G& n- o6 y 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention; A4 Q) @5 ]4 U" q9 @" O/ v
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' F! h1 X' `! n( R0 l0 N& ` 159. The fast5 j0 x r) F0 p0 Y0 x
a) Fast of moral pressure5 e% G) e; l8 s- G$ B8 ?3 |: T4 |1 P
b) Hunger strike
9 {' E: N& F! [) O c) Satyagrahic fast
V8 ?) d2 l z0 ^, X+ S 160. Reverse trial+ ?; z- F: R- p, b: C. ^2 G
161. Nonviolent harassment
% G& u6 v$ @: n& |- w8 \+ i
' y* ^' Q1 x! A, Z# R4 T: _Physical Intervention
% W7 E% F# \) y7 b! k9 C 162. Sit-in
8 T0 A! k$ g9 E2 | 163. Stand-in
5 N% h2 K& p$ Y0 k7 M6 z @3 \+ k 164. Ride-in( e$ {% C3 H# t% a* v6 k d
165. Wade-in" ?2 I& T9 c/ P9 r
166. Mill-in
( e% t: r% F% O8 a' ]( a$ V: U 167. Pray-in) u- f% _8 |7 E5 z; d& J: O# w$ f
168. Nonviolent raids2 k: m! z# `8 ~* ^) m
169. Nonviolent air raids
3 y5 D; |" v' p; ?5 j i, u; a2 k 170. Nonviolent invasion
/ l* t6 |/ S& C5 Q 171. Nonviolent interjection
8 ^9 }, q3 O+ t5 z/ |7 H 172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 b2 t6 o+ C: s+ |' z* V7 E! c 173. Nonviolent occupation
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7 V! [& P% `* L8 t5 z/ E1 F" n% ^6 nSocial Intervention
* q" W4 c+ ?; M9 i" D& {! N7 x1 e 174. Establishing new social patterns- |+ |; d/ x% O/ _% a& f
175. Overloading of facilities: s3 v: L* Q* X6 C; k
176. Stall-in
8 I0 _( k0 W4 q% G8 k 177. Speak-in: E9 m9 F) b3 [% `! [: w
178. Guerrilla theater
$ z' @) |! `' C" E! n* e 179. Alternative social institutions$ Y# I0 B4 o5 y T1 M
180. Alternative communication system
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% z$ f" z( N; f/ b/ ZEconomic Intervention8 U& A- C/ ]4 `2 \8 @, f1 O& t3 B' q
181. Reverse strike6 z2 d, R) t6 K# R
182. Stay-in strike Z1 T1 d+ r6 d7 \% U, ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure; W( V9 P# c7 Y5 @, \) D
184. Defiance of blockades ]+ T# L* d1 D' y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! v/ O4 n; E4 j' N" Q/ f 186. Preclusive purchasing
0 k; _8 F4 U r6 Z0 @ O 187. Seizure of assets
/ r# _* `6 ]& i$ h6 V( f% `1 n 188. Dumping
/ I6 x2 E; R4 T2 }, u& h# Q# r* h 189. Selective patronage
, b) O7 k5 a% E" o" L) d! J 190. Alternative markets2 d: O% u: u0 p& z/ K
191. Alternative transportation systems& c, T1 D h7 G1 T; `6 ?
192. Alternative economic institutions; z( x2 a% }5 s
, {7 G# C3 s( z/ ?5 G& J8 s" L# i
Political Intervention8 L( O4 ~0 Q" |: A; E) ~4 _
193. Overloading of administrative systems
! a |8 {$ V' k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
l" S6 Y B3 K4 ] 195. Seeking imprisonment
3 }: C. M: q6 ] 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 Z- i w' W1 @. Y; b5 ] 197. Work-on without collaboration
$ N6 X5 `4 h( K8 }1 ?7 j/ @ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& @$ p; b+ a( S. M1 p8 X
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
