 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION I+ D+ }' H5 ]$ \# g# c$ ?
Formal Statements: a, E$ I% t! r) G- ]! r- I
1. Public Speeches
+ W& B# _. T+ _* ?( f* i* N 2. Letters of opposition or support
- |$ ~' @! V' K% y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ v- g, K. s! y# Q
4. Signed public statements
2 Z, L+ F$ D! W% q. O1 x" Z4 y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ Y" Q; s f4 K7 Q9 J 6. Group or mass petitions
% k% y4 W7 k" `% T8 b
4 {+ {6 o3 e: q4 x" JCommunications with a Wider Audience" |# a/ A ~/ u) l$ c- m) `# s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% o; W0 T4 g3 X+ W& G) {& ~
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ E5 U+ {1 S7 E, u 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 @# A0 r/ p+ Z: C% P/ w' h A: C 10. Newspapers and journals3 ?. ~% `9 _( b# s) r5 g8 T
11. Records, radio, and television
8 f. Y6 K1 l6 w2 q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 I4 |3 o' R- X* G: u
) X( a8 |/ W# w* O. O
Group Representations
" b) l: [1 ?) T% r# B) y# ~ 13. Deputations8 p. X4 Y( u5 \5 o8 m
14. Mock awards2 q- j4 C; M/ I) R% z4 k/ \, ~, c
15. Group lobbying
# Q+ |5 \+ P% _1 o' G6 Y" B 16. Picketing: @6 f9 y& Y0 @6 D% [( [ S
17. Mock elections
( Z: P0 {* {" |0 _. I* _9 q/ w- V' D' [7 V) R m
Symbolic Public Acts n7 R9 C! S$ E) a* v
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( ~$ u& W) o/ h0 M9 j: Y! u7 ?! m 19. Wearing of symbols7 k. D5 l P5 i+ B% V% f
20. Prayer and worship
6 E! q: f& x$ g0 D* B9 G8 v 21. Delivering symbolic objects H. U% E# g! `0 g& s
22. Protest disrobings$ b: U: t( D* M4 x$ f0 @; c
23. Destruction of own property# s+ G/ H! k2 ]
24. Symbolic lights/ [: `6 t; C( q- @9 q
25. Displays of portraits
2 N, E9 R. \! d7 H# p' @ 26. Paint as protest# v/ t, P7 X; \8 N( S6 e9 t
27. New signs and names' ]6 `( X. Y+ Q% \( b% w
28. Symbolic sounds% p* r8 i3 C$ b$ {; t
29. Symbolic reclamations6 Q& n! j5 ]1 i0 \5 S6 k$ t
30. Rude gestures% B3 X, k1 [: Q g$ `6 I6 o
- }- g/ Y4 O( T$ L( ~& |9 D
Pressures on Individuals9 ?! r5 m) v( }6 }' ?
31. “Haunting” officials6 W) E2 q4 V @3 K* x- v- p! R
32. Taunting officials
+ A* C/ v3 a. o) p$ c 33. Fraternization
& r* ?( s9 c# a' n$ ~ 34. Vigils# p1 {, W0 i" a
7 D! I' y" `$ ~: \# r& C2 A$ s( d
Drama and Music9 m* m1 i) i2 L4 p. r t
35. Humorous skits and pranks1 g- O; g- p$ C: Z/ _1 V+ m
36. Performances of plays and music
/ K6 c; x6 x* ^. v 37. Singing3 b; H' `1 q# n0 E7 i P$ z
# W* J; Z' Q3 Q( n+ w. o4 |Processions
4 z1 i9 D% X2 ]: ~5 J9 h 38. Marches
1 l9 ~( C k! T* X4 E0 U4 n9 O: A 39. Parades: h% O" s( S9 f- J. o
40. Religious processions$ w3 q6 T" M0 e5 H* k+ w1 Y6 F
41. Pilgrimages
3 o: k! ]$ u2 B 42. Motorcades
6 a! l) @- ^1 ~* X+ W E
' N W$ e0 p$ T3 f: |0 c5 U0 QHonoring the Dead
: w( o" w' i7 l F" h2 F u9 W 43. Political mourning4 s; ?& W6 w8 `! J! j, ~ a
44. Mock funerals( f1 Q; U3 r9 ?. Q, D! l
45. Demonstrative funerals g1 p1 `2 v, w0 j
46. Homage at burial places2 \7 ]- K* T0 r! P9 U( v
- ~1 N3 \' k! tPublic Assemblies4 K8 i0 a. @0 K! r6 X6 s- y+ F+ x
47. Assemblies of protest or support/ E" P# i1 F# U3 ~7 _3 q- Z. D
48. Protest meetings
& c$ b/ C9 Z8 I/ j; \5 u7 G 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' e) I. m/ _+ N; ^
50. Teach-ins
- x7 h/ s4 R0 M5 v# a2 o4 g5 n' n- {( P& C; A: N+ j/ H
Withdrawal and Renunciation! U, b# h' Q% ?: a- h7 Y# O
51. Walk-outs
9 s/ i* k S6 ^+ |* b& f 52. Silence+ Q4 v6 n7 J" H6 V% {% _/ G3 A
53. Renouncing honors6 z3 R! T4 P( ]: J1 v9 N: p+ m
54. Turning one’s back8 b9 u- W& b* q- I9 X/ |) Q
( a$ S' m) N! |/ T* V
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6 P2 |. R6 b+ H: fTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 W+ V) R5 K& X
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5 u) ?4 y1 b& a8 @, l7 ^( K) {% c! H5 ]: g+ Y
Ostracism of Persons
( t" B0 J3 @1 j- k! O 55. Social boycott6 {- k# ?9 I3 x. l2 }
56. Selective social boycott
" d, O7 F% t( G; p8 W+ A) I 57. Lysistratic nonaction- C3 J1 ~3 G0 g7 _8 }
58. Excommunication
8 l$ x6 W4 U: X' P 59. Interdict: k! [7 j1 U H
& O4 ^# C% J* r1 n
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 T& v% K1 I* ]' F! a3 ? 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; W6 v* P/ g" f4 G N2 M. x
61. Boycott of social affairs
2 Q2 e! C$ u1 a5 Z% s4 i" v 62. Student strike
" W. G* i" W5 x# t: c0 y% B# `8 S 63. Social disobedience
% m% q. g0 e/ [ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 G- G [# [- O6 g+ ~) y5 x. O9 d) Q+ g3 l
Withdrawal from the Social System3 d+ ]7 N5 R' I, n3 ?( f$ }7 E! v# Z
65. Stay-at-home
/ o; t3 M( t$ T5 e4 X6 ~8 B# | 66. Total personal noncooperation8 Y3 o' x6 Z% r: b: K
67. “Flight” of workers" @/ B) ~0 I3 f& J. q" w5 }8 |7 `
68. Sanctuary
& R) u" Z# L0 t5 |8 R 69. Collective disappearance' d; x2 F; d) U& ~' V
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' A, `4 Y2 \. T# ]) }
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4 g7 \# g: f8 `( H4 H3 |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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$ p3 s7 D$ E* l" ?/ BActions by Consumers
) N5 t; r. I* r: H3 f. z 71. Consumers’ boycott
- @, S) j/ _8 R2 E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 F7 B: K0 C( s8 Q! D- ^( Q0 F
73. Policy of austerity- n' m8 H* e8 Q4 i0 H% y0 |; \
74. Rent withholding
% N: P& n1 B" v; y. Q2 `3 K& U 75. Refusal to rent$ x* t: U" s: }5 M/ K2 i6 ^( G
76. National consumers’ boycott+ j! n" P) N5 W* M
77. International consumers’ boycott
& n3 t; G1 s% V( a1 O p2 J- ^. G" k$ P6 v% c
Action by Workers and Producers2 P- G" s* T! @' W
78. Workmen’s boycott
$ a _2 z6 M+ @9 T0 b 79. Producers’ boycott$ z6 A; P& d; O7 m
h6 B9 v8 O1 X% ?: W7 LAction by Middlemen
5 n) \6 I% h9 u 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( b3 d9 I. M+ h1 p1 S
" p6 H( x$ {0 U6 U! G0 Y4 UAction by Owners and Management9 }6 Y# d4 n/ G0 D
81. Traders’ boycott E9 A' ~/ C" N! p) ]0 `
82. Refusal to let or sell property- H3 b% s, A1 I, A
83. Lockout
! p: \) h, p" E1 g+ F 84. Refusal of industrial assistance K! n8 b; m5 B+ L) U) _1 N
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 F6 u P% q. r* l, q
3 b+ t2 K" W% B, I/ e" CAction by Holders of Financial Resources0 G6 d. Z% C2 j) o$ Q
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 C p. Z4 E; b4 B K- |* P
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 p. l+ [7 h+ n 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- f0 z, Y# O2 p% `9 _2 I
89. Severance of funds and credit
4 h, O$ w! n& \6 z( L 90. Revenue refusal
% Y% X9 j' q9 d/ _ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 }9 A& \/ ~- v
" Q# w! I. v+ k' p" }: [Action by Governments
; R$ q; Z5 m4 a 92. Domestic embargo$ a& y7 t2 ?2 `" D& ]
93. Blacklisting of traders! c* G7 j9 K# S, b3 @
94. International sellers’ embargo: f' D& m+ N; q! x4 Y5 B- N
95. International buyers’ embargo. o w* F9 h: w- b
96. International trade embargo
2 o' g. Y' c4 ^3 o) r. f- L
9 B# ? d2 A* U( A; M% T
3 d4 X! Z0 m; z
% i/ T1 M: {- d2 I7 bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 y" r5 W3 f! W; OSymbolic Strikes( ]( J+ L( L0 b$ y# V4 O# n
97. Protest strike( u# I$ v# m" |1 w& B9 x+ B. k) C
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 `! `0 A2 Y9 a/ n& G5 s G0 D. \" r/ O
Agricultural Strikes
8 U, ^- f9 p; s( `% a+ E 99. Peasant strike
+ \: H2 w5 [/ J b7 L$ b/ | 100. Farm Workers’ strike
* x8 ^8 I1 E% C( a0 _5 C# x8 a. E7 G$ S+ E3 K. i! v
Strikes by Special Groups, d2 a* P1 u' B! v# F0 d
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 t& N8 w6 [- l0 R% r 102. Prisoners’ strike- d7 M5 r3 C$ L A# |6 C' X4 E
103. Craft strike/ J" {, Y. h) p0 g' U" G
104. Professional strike! Y6 z9 V/ }( h0 D+ h7 V( T
$ _; v; \2 Q8 D0 l0 M
Ordinary Industrial Strikes0 v* W+ {* J, S# Y
105. Establishment strike T' H; x8 Q' B0 ~+ o6 e- D
106. Industry strike d3 _3 Z' o4 w& p* X3 @
107. Sympathetic strike, u0 d0 c* s8 P5 S0 T+ B3 m
+ \$ Y8 b3 H( {( R2 ^# o- _
Restricted Strikes6 H0 b3 M1 o% E# Y* G0 w% I: n# R
108. Detailed strike- R" V: ]- h& y8 ]' H: R
109. Bumper strike
! _1 g, N7 t5 Z# h9 \8 i$ S9 ^ 110. Slowdown strike8 H2 {0 y* r) Y! H9 T1 T. T
111. Working-to-rule strike
- _& U2 ^+ R4 _& Q @# m 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
`& R' F' Q) I& u- W* c 113. Strike by resignation
l3 `7 j4 G; L# ^7 Z- l. w 114. Limited strike, d' m( G L& M; k: f3 j
115. Selective strike- a) _0 ~3 B; l' O( _0 j3 e
3 T" z) w2 ~3 I# O* d& I l
Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
$ v9 T$ u: O+ \7 p9 {, w6 k) w( R
: Y/ N# O( f1 X8 @ 117. General strike
3 M+ {- r$ W' J- Y6 i2 N/ w! q# K! f, D# C' W
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) j3 q" v5 Y: S5 K% q9 ?% I7 }' U4 t9 L6 B2 {$ K$ k
118. Hartal9 C8 o A) I2 F$ V( r
0 O; V, h1 s* L/ s' b; k
119. Economic shutdown
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. Y9 i+ |* i' }6 i! Q# V0 a& oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" _+ z) O) b1 R* j/ ]
9 m9 H+ m4 P. C5 j' ? f- t% S
% a; K" a# Q; K9 b S
Rejection of Authority
; L$ m1 t) e9 b7 ]4 j4 K+ U1 v 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ H) |$ ]3 [5 b: o: |% C2 O
121. Refusal of public support
+ {# H* o7 n; a1 v- z3 K- ~5 Z c& C 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
p0 Z: ]4 R; a, a
* D2 P2 A a3 {5 X. C7 U$ I+ HCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
Y' E; K8 x: o/ A& P R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: g- v# {/ k& K
124. Boycott of elections, {. ?$ ]- ?& `* @# s7 I
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ D, F O6 j2 H6 Z- n$ y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. f, e+ m* s; L; V( d& Z: s
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% m k4 ~7 W; Q# }# D# @ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' ~: t& z( A7 x* b6 n: g- i6 I9 q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' `% s" ~% p# E5 y& G 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& N! R, |7 ~6 i, D( A5 p9 L+ Q' y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# Y1 ]5 a1 x$ R" G5 B1 d
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 W6 U2 ~3 H4 U9 m: L) ~1 T
* n% b) C; e7 UCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# ^3 G$ A( o. }) J& c3 h& b- }' M 133. Reluctant and slow compliance; t2 i8 P) b+ o5 c5 `5 \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& h0 G4 r/ V) K* R; F5 e% W 135. Popular nonobedience2 X! g# Z/ s( i% k) L8 W
136. Disguised disobedience7 `8 [ e2 ]# u" H
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# \: [6 O" c, K# i6 D
138. Sitdown0 `9 n1 `/ G" s9 w) _2 ]1 f
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 l {3 M( L5 {' J) p' F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! X1 m0 @' f$ k 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 p/ Q7 Q' @) z% u8 V
" X. J, A. b, wAction by Government Personnel
! x5 g# u9 ? z" x. m3 H! _ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ f$ o3 ~( q; R+ B- X! ^$ c
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* U: \- J8 v% x! I 144. Stalling and obstruction9 k J; ^5 ~; y6 x- c) H
145. General administrative noncooperation2 w2 ? @! w% j
; ?. e( d9 u9 o+ N" B
146. Judicial noncooperation$ r' S/ H$ _( G% a. E
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ s. q6 h( v7 K% O 148. Mutiny) o- ?8 c, i5 i7 f, q" ~
Domestic Governmental Action5 p* D% c1 O5 c5 A# ~9 k* I' Z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. z* E/ z' B7 v/ g, C 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& X' ?4 h2 |/ J$ @
h, ]) g4 d) EInternational Governmental Action
- F! v3 _ q _. l9 F* J& }3 C 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: L8 _6 @" C1 d( u 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" o4 g. N4 Z; {, |: G6 H 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) t/ C% q' T& g) f( w6 e- h+ t# b
154. Severance of diplomatic relations: w6 T0 \! f2 k& z8 c7 P
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 I5 R; n4 N% R/ D7 {+ g+ c 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! d2 K3 O% C g _/ i0 f 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 U% m4 K1 O) a% b0 ?8 d; q0 R" c& j* S3 B
7 D: K4 P# {! b( L
% \2 s1 F7 B" B; E# t7 z/ S9 kTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
3 e$ y1 d0 p! j8 ]+ Q( K5 v& O) ^
: h- v5 |3 P. c( J" j4 T
$ Q/ N: A1 d0 m7 o4 m, FPsychological Intervention0 n; I9 T8 R& B% X9 Z
158. Self-exposure to the elements& y! r: U9 t0 B8 R# W, l$ v
159. The fast( T( Q* m+ S: B1 f2 d. b: A' l* S/ r
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 q8 E6 H5 j$ K& z b) Hunger strike/ ^9 y6 Q2 m5 C/ |) ?( X" Z
c) Satyagrahic fast
0 e0 {& x# x' R2 S* }; H 160. Reverse trial# ]- P: e% O& \3 d
161. Nonviolent harassment y% U. z9 I1 z9 B7 A( |) w+ ~
7 X% N; k5 {/ E( {+ o5 l+ N' z, _Physical Intervention) n) D5 h4 H9 W8 {( m* E/ j
162. Sit-in
$ O/ L/ e) E+ R3 ]5 n 163. Stand-in l. d6 x3 E( h9 H! O# o
164. Ride-in0 h) }) ^' g' a
165. Wade-in
6 T' q1 c& z* E0 h1 u, m$ y: I! w 166. Mill-in
+ g _/ A0 u$ v" T, Q 167. Pray-in
" C! p6 n w* r( g2 R" a* R 168. Nonviolent raids
8 [/ \; A4 o* z( `8 B0 _7 ^ 169. Nonviolent air raids
; t6 N; v. D3 P& V7 f9 V& b 170. Nonviolent invasion
, M, Q! L( l( X3 k' Q! X 171. Nonviolent interjection
0 V' N) m d- _" o( ?! v: L 172. Nonviolent obstruction% n) Q/ E% U- Z( m* a+ y% L% F. x
173. Nonviolent occupation& Q- p5 e! q. u2 t( Z- V
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Social Intervention, r3 P* n5 o1 z) Q2 T# _, i
174. Establishing new social patterns
) K% V! g: d! E! N 175. Overloading of facilities3 E; w6 z: S0 \' Y7 z6 `
176. Stall-in
: D3 k0 @8 `2 p' F8 P* l 177. Speak-in$ c0 y$ {' t8 i- n I+ U' ~, o& D9 {
178. Guerrilla theater) G! {* @' n1 S! V
179. Alternative social institutions
* ]) k5 k; U, R D 180. Alternative communication system
) |9 m' d3 U' T
% w& z8 ]7 p) l; [Economic Intervention4 Q& |9 E( z7 x' E
181. Reverse strike
$ s& g) Z; z1 U$ D( p5 o" T 182. Stay-in strike3 Y8 m& l* ^) {4 H
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 d9 ]) V9 o) |3 M Q- j+ _& { 184. Defiance of blockades
4 T& Q+ t/ @% R% D. @/ {2 t 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. X w) v- v# l# ?+ W u6 z
186. Preclusive purchasing
+ F# o& M1 D% {- l' P 187. Seizure of assets
3 J7 s0 ?9 |' o% ^/ c7 d) ` 188. Dumping
: d8 k; o. q* h. m* N. s 189. Selective patronage' |! J, o8 D. a1 O: j: G- C7 d q
190. Alternative markets
7 P3 F1 n- d1 \& ^7 p$ e 191. Alternative transportation systems
7 Y8 S* m; U- J 192. Alternative economic institutions9 f+ n& j2 r } U2 R) Z
% q# y% {0 v7 L! r6 \
Political Intervention( H# w' V- m/ _* p+ O, v
193. Overloading of administrative systems
" i, e1 X/ R$ g. I( ~ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* z% U# u- @ w# h
195. Seeking imprisonment
# s' R. r {9 {! S1 s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* L6 H# x. ~+ `
197. Work-on without collaboration. j0 o- e9 S5 ?" Z, i6 Q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
