 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& ^' V) B7 S$ H" V1 [: [; X) @
Formal Statements# d8 h9 l+ J, g- u8 r/ P$ O1 ~
1. Public Speeches$ \6 Q3 w2 l- c6 M
2. Letters of opposition or support
, K# ]4 I4 P3 w! O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' ]- f+ A6 w% Z7 P2 ~
4. Signed public statements& U) d; ^, o% j, o, q4 I
5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 x, k: \ i3 f: h+ Z
6. Group or mass petitions; u0 E: p9 G9 A- a* ^& z
& E Q. H9 I' N% ECommunications with a Wider Audience4 w& M% E: F; M/ S% h
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* w& I# r1 f: w0 y$ ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 O! x! V' p/ L. a; d+ \2 F' J 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 ~4 s. d- H7 g$ D9 v; v1 S$ p) p
10. Newspapers and journals( i8 h2 j+ a0 b: Q
11. Records, radio, and television
+ W* i" ?6 Q( W* Z+ _0 R5 m2 V 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# Z- n! P* a1 N( B R6 b K8 f+ E0 n9 x3 t; j
Group Representations
- z$ L d" T: ]+ @ 13. Deputations
# K* G' h; j0 _% Q 14. Mock awards
6 x( {# I* b- d7 ]) r 15. Group lobbying
( r6 e( b; t! j6 ` 16. Picketing
/ S& v0 y$ C; ?" D+ d 17. Mock elections
% p: ~5 r$ S1 g5 N
+ q( M5 B/ x- u6 c3 f. H: J- qSymbolic Public Acts% k! s( w" m) A; o* `! B1 h) j7 x
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 U5 r/ e) N9 P3 q4 ^. f* ?; k 19. Wearing of symbols8 ?5 B! U: ?% W' i6 x1 l
20. Prayer and worship: y. r8 W3 [; r3 n5 ?: t" G' Q! N
21. Delivering symbolic objects( W- i( [" s! T, y( r# Q& n
22. Protest disrobings
7 C1 |7 y3 l) F; T 23. Destruction of own property( e" U' C9 d& F2 i8 C8 `0 z
24. Symbolic lights
. _1 v" b8 K( P$ F. p 25. Displays of portraits
* C. c% a+ H- J' D5 f6 o5 [ 26. Paint as protest' t. g7 J! ?2 L
27. New signs and names; J; _! y! ?+ b# h
28. Symbolic sounds4 ?4 }& i& [8 }3 e9 K# {1 `. Z
29. Symbolic reclamations6 z7 K4 g' K2 ]* a' o& M
30. Rude gestures/ y9 y, Q0 ]* W9 i+ X$ b6 }1 U$ k
, y2 b7 F/ D- ?! y2 h ?
Pressures on Individuals% ]2 H. E) b( V& y6 |# |! o
31. “Haunting” officials
+ T/ h0 n: g2 `2 i4 O8 q. j5 x 32. Taunting officials+ Y% ]* J/ m& i7 @
33. Fraternization
, O# S" s. F o% b 34. Vigils
9 E) F. }4 U. f4 {' c8 ]( e6 U+ q0 m, q5 n( q& c0 _6 a }
Drama and Music
6 c' H' P4 y9 d8 e 35. Humorous skits and pranks4 [% I- a; r8 |: N* ^
36. Performances of plays and music
/ K2 Y$ T, Y7 J8 M5 I% h7 l 37. Singing
% S5 |: G9 R# E6 O8 ?6 Y. u
& w! E5 c6 D( u/ M& C& yProcessions
4 B3 d! x$ o* x( s. ` 38. Marches) `8 g0 ` Y! w- P
39. Parades
9 {% i& ?; g. a) M 40. Religious processions0 @+ j9 j0 x7 g$ Q' b
41. Pilgrimages
; k. q- K: ~5 p, g2 \* @ 42. Motorcades' @; l( P2 C! D; i) A/ q
+ O& n( t1 o1 ?% ^1 g1 l$ XHonoring the Dead
, ~- N8 p, b8 u+ w8 o4 G% H3 s, V' W 43. Political mourning6 V; c3 {6 S9 ^ p2 ?9 D
44. Mock funerals
6 T% G! w" a0 U9 Q( e: \ 45. Demonstrative funerals
3 I# G h% w& x1 l* ?- g 46. Homage at burial places4 r' {0 C, n: W
: d$ B6 f; g$ J( ?- e! Y; n
Public Assemblies
+ z1 ^6 ^3 E8 n2 ]! v 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 O9 _9 O0 A6 n* x; Y; G 48. Protest meetings
* p6 t" U2 I, [$ `# }% m% ` 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! {( h: J1 W S4 t, I
50. Teach-ins% C5 a0 ?; B5 l" E8 I
# k" V! y& f6 D4 H- ~Withdrawal and Renunciation
( n. \/ w2 |4 f2 n. s( ?( k- h 51. Walk-outs
4 I- K! U! Q: j( M% r% O. j 52. Silence
$ [! p# t# C: S4 P& R 53. Renouncing honors0 {3 H# I" C( H2 Z X0 x0 R; S
54. Turning one’s back
5 ~& w; I& i/ S% o- [
a8 T! W. q8 l: ?- Z
6 p# F& X+ ^$ ` D* b: I8 P
2 g# S- ]8 m" E, J( ATHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. v6 {6 m4 k! l* O$ Y0 U
4 ]$ v0 y) n4 n* U, g
* e" a2 ~+ B" i0 w- q
! @7 ^$ `# d: G/ |% C4 }& GOstracism of Persons
' ?" k$ \( J. B4 r 55. Social boycott( P- @6 F1 O6 M* n3 u5 C
56. Selective social boycott* e8 e; Z( M0 X$ G( h* V9 M
57. Lysistratic nonaction2 L z) n! @" d* g' A5 C
58. Excommunication: u5 W# ]8 n- a- u$ b
59. Interdict
2 p% ?5 l J% _6 k3 h0 f3 p0 j
$ D9 `' I e8 O" A0 m8 uNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 T0 Y) Y, W( T" U# U9 [' m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities. f/ y( ?' @. B! W5 a$ A& L* Q
61. Boycott of social affairs0 p) u+ Y5 P# D1 \+ O
62. Student strike
9 e: m6 B6 j3 c1 ` 63. Social disobedience% C0 P1 y$ I" e5 s- n
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 {) O2 W2 j* r
* O X! \) ]# Y5 Y" E3 N* b! nWithdrawal from the Social System, E( J" G3 M8 ?. @5 @+ X
65. Stay-at-home! s$ w$ L8 w. S$ u5 b$ y, \5 S7 v' S
66. Total personal noncooperation
- V7 p, n( f" p8 Y% s+ q 67. “Flight” of workers
) u, U8 G) H- `9 `- N; d 68. Sanctuary2 Q) ~6 {4 E& a; E
69. Collective disappearance5 b" F# m$ \- B8 r
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& R1 T8 y3 W/ f) _( h5 \1 A) g3 }4 x8 P2 x" q. n" i7 Q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 z* U" C1 R" h+ i/ w9 J6 C2 \
8 ?# H/ o# T% G! s/ i
& r: g, `4 ~0 f" sActions by Consumers- m6 O3 R" Q0 \* G
71. Consumers’ boycott
* J- W$ F& x0 F7 w* @/ z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
, Q, I4 T6 n' @& E2 _! u 73. Policy of austerity- f4 D3 v z5 m& l8 t8 T
74. Rent withholding
# U' r: T" n; `1 L' I' H* s 75. Refusal to rent/ o" @5 {/ n% H6 Y! H: Y: {- J
76. National consumers’ boycott
' l# l" @; }8 H 77. International consumers’ boycott
/ I" @6 T7 p$ c' [3 X
% ]2 t7 @( w: o5 a4 B0 k& HAction by Workers and Producers
% ? A# F) M! K 78. Workmen’s boycott
8 L) ?1 j0 G5 _5 x" _ 79. Producers’ boycott1 @9 q# `% N1 `; R
7 ~8 M4 U z- `' Z
Action by Middlemen
7 J7 M( j4 e% r& b; U2 b! _ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- C% e8 N! A( O. U" ?3 N0 D! C
( r7 F! T* o8 o% `$ }Action by Owners and Management
0 F. m2 V5 j5 j9 ?& y8 w# g) r3 v 81. Traders’ boycott! d$ C5 T- Z7 G( Z
82. Refusal to let or sell property0 ]& p7 H* H( p! u5 l; [
83. Lockout
8 l5 J9 @7 Z2 @ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# V* |* [ [( ?$ c5 t0 p( K, n; h 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 ]: e, e- @; s s/ M& B) X% G" B. U" W! c j% V; |
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' Q8 c2 r S l$ X) n, @4 G 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ [5 ]# ^* w z# H
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 @4 @$ b4 d/ {6 w8 b9 x' p( s 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ t7 t+ D7 i* M 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ ?; C c; X) a$ D" o 90. Revenue refusal
5 u1 B/ K. F2 @9 h 91. Refusal of a government’s money# k3 {% k) L4 g: B5 T) I) v4 R
/ j' h; v( H( z1 BAction by Governments
+ z- v3 y$ z Y" F 92. Domestic embargo- }; R& q+ S4 i, t
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 m8 V- G/ S- R% }! `3 j8 @ 94. International sellers’ embargo; q1 Q9 k- p7 s
95. International buyers’ embargo5 F8 \: L, ?' X1 i& O
96. International trade embargo' G$ u' V; e* T! ^0 d4 Q
. \* s( Q3 b$ n
Z# G& p! r/ |5 X1 f! w" y3 |, d0 U2 [
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- o* k; s' A+ X
+ K, i' [) n& B3 H+ t# j0 i
4 _, o n6 B5 [! Z1 L0 bSymbolic Strikes' u3 Y& @% ^5 P( ~8 L' i5 ^
97. Protest strike
- Z" ^" q6 y! l: a6 G# K 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( ]# x; j1 S4 C* v( }5 q$ \2 W
- c9 S: w5 _2 {Agricultural Strikes
# U* v9 a" W. @/ m- k 99. Peasant strike
) V% |( h' r6 [# |6 C 100. Farm Workers’ strike
; U; \4 ]: K" h7 S
9 `9 f8 w( E; C; qStrikes by Special Groups+ X2 o# O% @& l8 M. M+ s) M
101. Refusal of impressed labor
( R J+ E( ?+ X; y, B. b 102. Prisoners’ strike/ _# z9 C1 z, w6 O5 ~( F
103. Craft strike- M4 b$ P: K4 U! {
104. Professional strike
% o. Q! J. A; m7 [
! A9 z Z, M% O5 f4 p; oOrdinary Industrial Strikes! q/ c- h9 r( K+ V4 Z" X
105. Establishment strike/ d* N9 h: z' z' k
106. Industry strike
( T: X" A3 Q3 y4 G/ K+ V4 l" r! |7 s 107. Sympathetic strike
6 x, @. G# @; E2 f9 D. o2 e" a6 o8 r/ p- X" i: L8 n7 g
Restricted Strikes4 g% k% {/ G2 k4 Q4 n) B# o, M# y
108. Detailed strike
$ S) t Z |6 n% ?2 W* F& U 109. Bumper strike8 N2 }) t) V6 v% Y; y' ^; h+ t
110. Slowdown strike
" {( c1 {& o0 }0 m7 M7 W 111. Working-to-rule strike
~: @& r# R7 \7 z: j L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 D) g& x! r6 o$ M0 H" a
113. Strike by resignation# k" ~5 y3 ]5 p+ ]7 [
114. Limited strike
5 l! X4 E% _6 V8 g4 \+ E/ Q2 K 115. Selective strike, X9 r' y4 {9 |+ i
3 _1 f( v/ b d& b( d: J* F! y" hMulti-Industry Strikes$ Q. S' i' M% ^; n O7 z* i
) a8 |4 O! b3 T! \ 116. Generalized strike
r- l1 b% @! T; n- k* ^6 M
1 ~1 N+ b. o6 F9 t 117. General strike/ h! o7 N4 f8 [+ E
5 V Z9 |- P. t
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: e# J4 F8 O" M `0 X
8 R6 O% A: V5 _/ C; P4 f# d. ~
118. Hartal
1 j# ?3 A" W& y- S0 r: ]0 L' Y d/ y5 J$ i W: U0 e
119. Economic shutdown3 t' C- `% R8 N7 w0 V9 G6 j0 |
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- j( @2 I4 c+ L# G: u5 ~
4 x4 m0 N5 b; BTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
$ P4 ]/ N% W0 E7 F$ z4 O% v- b7 j: s4 V
7 m6 s5 i* n( G # ?9 _9 k! W6 v) g
Rejection of Authority3 a" N, j$ u) ~# y& W6 r( E
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 i, a6 f6 G. E/ |) j- r
121. Refusal of public support& v1 V5 A+ E! M+ M4 F; u2 B
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; T+ Q( a- g5 ?# b [7 Q
; A! t' c3 R5 XCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government# r, u/ Q3 e* m N& U
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 H+ [' c, i+ J 124. Boycott of elections
0 @8 G& u, A/ B* |7 E3 ~' {" q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 e1 ^* k- s3 ]' h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; Z8 t! g5 e4 I7 G. `8 i 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# m! ~$ |8 Y- Z5 ^! p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 G7 |0 m+ @* \# k: ~3 R
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) [7 y$ j0 ]1 T9 j. F {. h7 \
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 C- E( W5 W( }( E* {7 a9 t 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) l* Q4 \$ }( Q( l; G
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
6 e6 g, L L! c, ]) _- e8 n, h; R+ y4 z O) b+ D. U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' y8 B1 k( b$ d& N. y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 w5 V+ \/ F' e, L U
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" h; c# C1 s: m$ T 135. Popular nonobedience- X; A$ o2 H; j+ Q1 i# n( Y
136. Disguised disobedience
( O3 y: V9 n- ] 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 s _1 ]4 H5 \0 A% [9 Y2 N" w# ?
138. Sitdown
% E, L) S: W/ H6 _, r 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 b' P2 q( Q @% R8 c3 W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 ^* G9 t: [" @( C. a
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 q y( v- L1 j- h; a. l' t
: b: D% p5 m4 RAction by Government Personnel
. B* V- ^3 i, [ o, L& }8 @7 ? 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
, J8 Q! ]7 V" g8 s 143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 u0 ]6 I% {. L% F" r. I) V
144. Stalling and obstruction
w5 f% z' N- D" b& B7 K8 g' F* e 145. General administrative noncooperation3 C7 I# F# y' R- ^& [% w
2 c; S3 `0 C1 S! |
146. Judicial noncooperation, ?/ m& O7 f! O7 D
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& {8 v0 |3 W# w$ B) K0 m2 j
148. Mutiny
?" |# b4 {6 w& V; m7 M- r7 ]Domestic Governmental Action& |. \, ?6 ~) ^7 x- Q- x5 ]4 w
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays s2 S( {: r' a% A3 _
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ a- Q. J7 p" n: N7 i p5 q* f8 n) }3 m
International Governmental Action+ ?; T; j' p0 T; i g
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
l) \3 X7 d2 f! ]( S/ X 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 W' {! w% X2 [+ W5 y% Y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition r$ e+ E) e% G5 x
154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 l; t8 D- F, j. Z0 j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# H9 y" {5 a* T3 H" t$ S' F 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" C9 Y8 V% ^) V' z 157. Expulsion from international organizations( k; H' l" v1 o+ T' d8 i! K
, X& k0 r' u+ y
8 Z' ], l9 N" Y* x/ j/ }
" m2 Q% W. X3 Y8 b8 e$ h7 n# BTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: N( d$ |9 o$ U. [' |* A7 I
$ w3 ]! \% s# g& _. Z; D9 L' H
/ j9 S- ]' h; l0 C3 u3 K% h# F! y
Psychological Intervention
a7 g$ H. ^ H2 _$ R9 l) T9 V! O# s 158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ w. R. t9 f( [" V4 S: H 159. The fast6 \2 T8 {( K3 }- [7 ?
a) Fast of moral pressure7 x# A& x% f- M
b) Hunger strike
9 T6 @$ }* ^/ J c) Satyagrahic fast* i9 f. X7 d' P7 x; r- _7 y) v9 n N
160. Reverse trial
. F( l: f3 ^1 Z6 |9 o# @' Z% Z 161. Nonviolent harassment% [$ \" ^7 W$ l% [* l2 g1 q' V
, I- Y. d7 v8 c. D0 \) bPhysical Intervention
3 F; {, ^0 B1 O9 y1 R( P 162. Sit-in7 Q; y# A7 _$ v7 E& A
163. Stand-in; J" M4 j5 F. [* D1 u4 Q
164. Ride-in
% x: A7 H; l7 P3 V/ U& L 165. Wade-in7 R8 @3 D. u/ g7 J: {
166. Mill-in% _2 m' F, s6 w: f2 O. R
167. Pray-in$ _) S8 b* P& C7 E8 [
168. Nonviolent raids
E5 o2 h4 f$ u P. k 169. Nonviolent air raids z% V+ o0 {, a
170. Nonviolent invasion0 ?/ [! S+ _! N5 @8 X9 U' C1 B
171. Nonviolent interjection+ G+ Y& {9 J' V- U" N! J& f
172. Nonviolent obstruction, {# A6 L( Z, ^+ I3 `* _
173. Nonviolent occupation
, I8 Q6 [! Q5 a% `& J, {- ^/ e3 S4 e7 B0 K9 P6 Y1 B) x
Social Intervention
) Q3 I+ |: T0 x+ h, i$ w6 Y 174. Establishing new social patterns' r" G9 W% P+ p2 H5 t8 S7 c2 J
175. Overloading of facilities
# `% V: l0 h/ w% y; T 176. Stall-in
8 j0 R9 o* m" e0 [, Z: F 177. Speak-in
/ c' v9 |6 e3 D/ H( \+ A 178. Guerrilla theater
3 n1 e( q) y# B2 G1 K' P% {3 n; W 179. Alternative social institutions
/ J0 }9 V( x3 [ F& _3 G9 y 180. Alternative communication system
' m0 q% L' u, @4 o1 t @6 k% ^3 |. g6 Y/ T0 n2 ]. M
Economic Intervention
* g( [* }( U+ Z* a, h 181. Reverse strike: A3 Y; i9 _$ A& P
182. Stay-in strike. }6 Q& x6 H* v# `; @3 u0 [& L( |
183. Nonviolent land seizure9 |: P& |% d; j: N( L
184. Defiance of blockades
3 X9 B5 U/ m( I; O 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; }, {+ q8 D4 o9 ]: t$ ] 186. Preclusive purchasing
! t1 n- R" n# {5 z+ t6 A 187. Seizure of assets
/ x, O/ D" i7 _3 v) U6 T3 F5 ^ 188. Dumping
7 D _) l% }: O' e 189. Selective patronage
" a8 d! d2 E# [, O 190. Alternative markets
+ Q" {0 n& t7 J9 o, u8 [+ g 191. Alternative transportation systems: k3 K3 ]9 l' I( j
192. Alternative economic institutions) t2 m$ e5 y3 z4 C
) P' i# r- M7 ~8 b* | E$ ^Political Intervention4 r- L/ e! q7 S, h* [
193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ D2 R! o6 }- x! J8 g' \ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* c. T' _- a% X) }0 y 195. Seeking imprisonment
, Z# }/ [# [3 H( o% T 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# D+ z8 V0 J9 } 197. Work-on without collaboration
! V: p- P) s# O. E( ]/ r; S 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 {6 Q& b7 b- K1 w5 M
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
