 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( x+ x0 F, [+ ?* m# VFormal Statements
9 E9 E* i! ~0 i% F: h) o9 ~ 1. Public Speeches
1 H; b6 X: R- C$ e 2. Letters of opposition or support$ F' S* W- T1 z+ G% u
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; f5 D6 X6 q0 _: `( R
4. Signed public statements- ]% z' J$ A! X! g/ @( k9 T
5. Declarations of indictment and intention; X1 W: i% }0 \9 ?
6. Group or mass petitions
7 O# e5 H) ]. \+ l( B+ V5 M% o" r% `: ~
* }! h- h3 X( x. z: m3 dCommunications with a Wider Audience
( h( h) x! ~" d H 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 ~' J0 Y7 m. ?; D2 N
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 J7 Y9 ?# v% D. A
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; l& e4 U0 p' @# ]8 i" ` 10. Newspapers and journals
+ o: A# J4 v3 O, j7 q" W% ~ 11. Records, radio, and television
* ~7 X. S, E# r& c! v 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& M. r7 D' G! V9 @9 v0 [% Z
9 t# t4 \- C1 |Group Representations
, P- i: C( O; u+ F5 z 13. Deputations; G9 }3 y/ Q' p; W# C
14. Mock awards# J% m7 m0 a; Z9 C8 H
15. Group lobbying
! b3 O0 C: J L( O: `% z 16. Picketing
/ g6 i+ G- e# t- X$ c6 C7 c: m 17. Mock elections
. i1 Z. |( u3 J. H7 C6 m- C5 J" K$ S3 D
Symbolic Public Acts
: r, _( q- w6 W% |! U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! A: E4 T$ G0 k3 }7 X+ O 19. Wearing of symbols
7 L7 V4 X0 `4 X# o 20. Prayer and worship |! o8 O( F" \ U- r, J
21. Delivering symbolic objects/ o0 g" B# G# |* N! Y1 F7 f* }
22. Protest disrobings
3 A( F% P% @4 N+ K( e0 { 23. Destruction of own property1 z x. r3 e: r
24. Symbolic lights
! t1 }3 C. Z) Z8 i& ~ 25. Displays of portraits
' E4 r# G3 w( s1 r; }# X! \ 26. Paint as protest' F. I) A/ T: ~# U
27. New signs and names4 X4 \' R$ d6 A1 C3 ?0 ?: A' v( s
28. Symbolic sounds
2 t7 N) a7 o& R; J5 k 29. Symbolic reclamations
# I S1 M2 ^ y; I: ] 30. Rude gestures/ B: ?; T% V* G- {
+ y3 o& C0 L5 G. ]$ k" s+ c
Pressures on Individuals
. L% j, D+ ]/ V+ y3 @% I5 o$ b 31. “Haunting” officials, H" l/ B- G6 P( u, T' ?
32. Taunting officials
1 k- E9 g: s/ A; w( Q! ~& l 33. Fraternization# h5 w; t, O- R; }
34. Vigils
& E' |/ I# K3 A/ p4 }) A1 k2 N, y! k# s% k. W6 K! }
Drama and Music
. ^2 }" u% |' E* P: o7 A+ A 35. Humorous skits and pranks# L8 F8 F! q: l+ ]8 j6 X
36. Performances of plays and music0 l- s7 ?8 i9 r- h+ L
37. Singing
- A4 Q/ l$ m* S5 P/ u- q) f) _
' G7 r! g/ L0 aProcessions0 ]- Q: ^5 }: g i
38. Marches* i* T0 B& Y& D! [* m
39. Parades
( m' q$ S4 r- N5 c( Q5 n2 U 40. Religious processions, Q! Y5 M6 p4 i" g# I; ?
41. Pilgrimages
) q1 K% m+ F- }4 K2 r 42. Motorcades; s3 a+ o! |& [9 \% _4 h
+ Q1 k0 S6 W; rHonoring the Dead
N7 o& i& u. x 43. Political mourning8 ^8 N* i$ z7 U# g7 b( X
44. Mock funerals
3 W0 p$ u* _) S2 O! F# G! V5 m 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 U8 Y) u% m; B# `9 |7 w1 B 46. Homage at burial places
" {# N0 j1 ?: ?6 H' T ~/ `' r6 ~5 W+ U" R5 f: X( v" Y
Public Assemblies$ O* k: h) [8 m3 @
47. Assemblies of protest or support. c) g% p4 R) \/ f: V6 a3 C
48. Protest meetings! @$ A5 g9 ~. ]0 d7 }, P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. k7 B/ f: J& E; h! J3 @) R 50. Teach-ins% V [5 r+ ^% v( |7 d; k
; [& v x. X/ X' Q
Withdrawal and Renunciation8 Y4 z, m' B* o" T
51. Walk-outs
9 m, C* c) x3 u8 m( w& {; O2 j% g& r 52. Silence8 W/ Y3 R4 I; X1 n2 H6 a
53. Renouncing honors& \0 z$ c2 [, l/ H
54. Turning one’s back( w5 i9 ^) \% `4 F" ~" C
V- x, K2 N# A1 `
4 r% V4 r7 w P$ V/ _ C* F5 v) {; g& x! a% V
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
# h6 `/ w; W# T# b1 s. Q 55. Social boycott
1 o$ R8 u" T0 ?) f 56. Selective social boycott
6 X5 y" }1 e4 c2 Z 57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 t& ^7 Q8 R+ N- }/ z' M; ? 58. Excommunication5 v% J, M& I* a; Y9 x. N
59. Interdict/ d7 S7 C' h8 C- a) c/ t# n t
* S& j% l; k9 q' i( d; qNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 q3 H! S6 x" D4 q& l
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ R( X4 Z% K3 u2 [ 61. Boycott of social affairs
" n3 V( b) d7 I, c 62. Student strike
# P- R* d, Q' w0 m1 P% Y* P5 M0 r 63. Social disobedience
) L* `$ Q+ A2 Z4 e0 \8 } 64. Withdrawal from social institutions- O6 k5 g- Y! k$ y i* {
) z* b- U( N; zWithdrawal from the Social System8 ^, y( \* B0 R- C6 Y5 Z/ ^' p
65. Stay-at-home7 {1 D4 M6 E. B' ^0 a S
66. Total personal noncooperation
1 ?2 b6 [; k9 {, f/ _- @ 67. “Flight” of workers
5 ]+ M" {2 W7 O8 K: M- K& @6 _ 68. Sanctuary
8 P v2 L# F: ]3 f, K8 a 69. Collective disappearance
. P; p" s7 e8 E. x 70. Protest emigration (hijrat). m. n* U) |( [/ G
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
: g. h) C: U& @* K+ k% t! @+ Z$ T/ T
/ z' J" f4 [) y$ P: Z$ JActions by Consumers
$ Q, ^& p2 ?, c- I( x 71. Consumers’ boycott
% `! f# {; a; h 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 N3 _9 @ H3 M9 _9 f( {& U" z
73. Policy of austerity
) i, u3 d4 x3 M" T" B0 D 74. Rent withholding3 H c4 n$ R- n6 G. l* u! v) u# t
75. Refusal to rent
: u: |1 y9 r* H$ J5 C 76. National consumers’ boycott, B+ z6 F0 |: Y% t
77. International consumers’ boycott4 y8 S( E; d# f7 X7 ?
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Action by Workers and Producers0 o7 O6 x- J% H5 ^( O& U
78. Workmen’s boycott
& ^! R5 Y+ H' z% \ 79. Producers’ boycott2 x$ z- n0 A) Y( N
, `4 p( }( f6 ^* p, LAction by Middlemen7 q2 e6 Z) {) M' f: H% C6 F: W4 f
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 a+ F- ?$ {2 `( z" D% |% q3 G6 B
, M# g7 ?! o2 l7 N+ E6 cAction by Owners and Management8 o4 i$ w. ]7 ? V
81. Traders’ boycott, s; [6 W; l; J' O
82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ ]0 ~$ d" u" c( S 83. Lockout
# m( Q W5 n% i9 j" W* F b5 i: b 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ z( |/ I- @- k' Z* J 85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 T$ q4 R1 a4 l! }# U+ a/ ~
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources: N2 M- r2 R: s% V1 S! T& H
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! n0 K5 w# N( A6 K! k
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! O- ~* \1 S5 E8 _, H B2 ~0 ^. E" ~ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# G ^0 q( g0 K/ C( ^$ g2 f
89. Severance of funds and credit' h+ V5 p: j2 X& b& y) {
90. Revenue refusal; [9 N; \1 f+ r. S& @8 Z
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments$ x: Z. o2 _6 E+ } y/ G! U
92. Domestic embargo& P- E& ]. R6 e; g) x( N
93. Blacklisting of traders' [6 A" i, t& t% ?9 U
94. International sellers’ embargo) L: p4 |# l( B }4 ]
95. International buyers’ embargo2 t- _# a) d+ U2 |# o3 m: _
96. International trade embargo
2 R# W: \$ O; S0 A9 D4 f4 V: G x, E9 s Z1 q* f
$ [* z6 g; Q1 i( ]* d$ b% }/ o* p7 W
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 B$ F" Z7 ~4 O! {( @; VSymbolic Strikes
, U( L% ?# T7 r2 t; S) u0 D' ^ 97. Protest strike
, Y' L3 l' ~, D2 ~4 l; u6 | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 ?+ K$ W8 L4 s5 P' x' m* G) [" ]- _# @: F& `( N
Agricultural Strikes
3 O \. u X3 _, q 99. Peasant strike8 `2 _; {3 R0 P. W% A
100. Farm Workers’ strike) N" E8 i$ C6 p
0 z' p9 o' g$ Q+ A
Strikes by Special Groups* y: Q; `9 f" h2 H
101. Refusal of impressed labor0 x( }3 Q" t% h3 s
102. Prisoners’ strike' r( W1 \- U$ t8 x; B
103. Craft strike
/ R- ]- |$ h6 L H1 c/ R4 S/ z) k 104. Professional strike
4 K% z/ a+ [: D4 @; S5 q, R
8 C, x/ [8 D# n" p zOrdinary Industrial Strikes. [) j! D' r1 z$ s7 M3 N
105. Establishment strike
/ j8 M4 s# `% I ~$ e6 w 106. Industry strike
# P2 \8 M }6 D/ p6 F 107. Sympathetic strike- x8 F# h+ i8 }8 W6 d3 }* q7 V
9 J3 b5 R$ @' d2 C9 I iRestricted Strikes; z8 L4 R' Q5 C0 |8 k. @ _
108. Detailed strike5 p9 f+ a0 R# S% w; t
109. Bumper strike1 N: c! G1 r9 D1 d6 m
110. Slowdown strike- X- K8 r! {3 l
111. Working-to-rule strike
& I: K* b. s8 p# | 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 A9 l% y" s; O" S; A 113. Strike by resignation" v; a8 V6 W: _0 x2 U' R
114. Limited strike4 [- V4 `0 o5 X4 w2 s- h
115. Selective strike
) F! W2 D! _+ P% m+ C8 \$ p( Y8 f
. [5 N# {5 o0 t' x2 CMulti-Industry Strikes
; g; x8 P s( c8 H* P( ~: z5 Y: _: x+ e, Z/ i H( ]
116. Generalized strike5 w1 T: p1 t, G" [0 R
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117. General strike# V3 X2 ?3 `; d. U8 H% o1 C# W1 e
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! _- B+ l. {. c4 }
7 o5 c$ e3 I0 U' F 118. Hartal
5 ^3 T3 ]* Y( s7 D, E' o2 L J0 @
$ D3 y' D) o# y2 A 119. Economic shutdown& A' ?: \5 p) D; q7 ^& c5 q# ?
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 M( a3 V' g; s) G
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1 \+ o0 ^4 E0 x1 \# JRejection of Authority
$ h$ H' ], g% [, q0 o& h2 u2 Q" E 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
/ z! V7 F! O( d0 P# e+ s 121. Refusal of public support# n4 f" P- Z& q4 W* Y5 V8 y8 }# x
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance `; i3 E; c9 T6 A* A# B
8 q! h8 h' z: @, @* Q( R! BCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 v% L8 W) @) K- P W1 _8 c 123. Boycott of legislative bodies( a$ z1 _6 o, @! k9 G0 h+ T$ a
124. Boycott of elections
" N/ Z( \; {6 }' l8 w) y& a 125. Boycott of government employment and positions# ^; } X: {" g# ]
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# k& n* U1 s6 B& ^2 D
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 k3 y& I5 S- _4 ?) W
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
Z8 N% M+ v5 n% U0 T) q1 v% @, m 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 M/ y; u, {5 g. V+ k 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks2 n/ k U4 ~9 g$ ]" Q- J; \1 y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% m- T- @; Z) E0 L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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) V7 w2 f! J- c% CCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 ?! F5 Y( [. a- k* R- P A8 v 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 o3 y* d; I+ ?8 [/ [) X* ]% ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; T! q6 S' [) k% @/ c6 U% b& N 135. Popular nonobedience
2 o) J) y/ w; Z2 |6 A* T 136. Disguised disobedience7 a3 k% V. E: f) d/ D0 j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) p8 }* z6 f, l+ A$ Q% ?0 p
138. Sitdown) |% V# k$ v Q n$ K) s w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) h9 Y( j9 [$ S# i5 f
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ ~' M! H# \! U' e$ t. |
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ L4 u+ [$ j" |* c3 ?2 T0 B: @+ i0 [- l$ ~ F8 f; F5 k- u, I! W
Action by Government Personnel
" A0 t: @" O, T) ^4 j 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" J+ E* | d8 z* L
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 {9 D0 ?: u$ _8 N$ v: W0 o$ X0 o 144. Stalling and obstruction/ h) [. D, c/ e [- }$ q( K
145. General administrative noncooperation, b, E8 v' o2 O9 a! `
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146. Judicial noncooperation
% A% r$ L) g( g$ ^) A! S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 F2 \* g" m5 c 148. Mutiny4 `& K8 d4 s6 f& F; j) t$ X
Domestic Governmental Action
% E; Z3 ]6 X$ B; W 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 T' y2 T) ~8 C- q7 [7 d9 K 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 z2 V/ O8 i% N; Z
5 _' x. d& I! I1 X4 u3 gInternational Governmental Action2 g6 s" l; m3 F; {1 O: X
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 H& C! I: I$ w& D 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& J) w" ]' D+ d, s( `0 a 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( d; o: \6 r6 H w9 p8 ] 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 u# L' i1 A; {7 _6 D' g' V8 [4 d) J 155. Withdrawal from international organizations" [+ w" w' j6 o: n( M) _, ?
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 D- M$ @ X4 q9 [ {
157. Expulsion from international organizations1 y1 {* w2 T1 ?' K! g, I8 F
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 k a" }* M# J" k
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Psychological Intervention% o9 {5 l& {$ N1 s! s, {5 `% y/ N
158. Self-exposure to the elements+ k# X8 g h' n
159. The fast) ~9 U4 G7 w; [* l$ m- X
a) Fast of moral pressure7 E$ o3 E0 L7 V3 }& X5 i! C* [* l
b) Hunger strike
. G& a4 Q: T1 n( {# M% w c) Satyagrahic fast
0 F1 f! f, H3 {: P1 n ? 160. Reverse trial
9 m; F" n# [! @/ g- x 161. Nonviolent harassment8 f* V* d+ Q1 F! p% ?/ v
8 M2 W# r% u; n# _: k
Physical Intervention
& N! x% i% w+ u' }9 b, x9 M2 C 162. Sit-in
. x: f3 K1 S, O$ \3 `$ D" l 163. Stand-in
- D8 |& Q2 x1 z 164. Ride-in
# I! Q0 u/ E* P6 g 165. Wade-in
1 h% D! [, J1 l* M! u 166. Mill-in
G9 U9 t( a3 Y( ]( L, C i 167. Pray-in
$ ?, P2 Y; m i* \ 168. Nonviolent raids. Z) `# Z0 w6 \! ] x
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 J0 \. I' e8 ^% G t 170. Nonviolent invasion
/ e- x7 c: F4 m& C8 c% G 171. Nonviolent interjection
% n. ~! @0 w/ }: Z. J& g 172. Nonviolent obstruction6 ~: w6 u {4 R6 _; G& D4 A
173. Nonviolent occupation) O. R4 B9 c3 e, S Q( e+ N
[5 C% B* ~: U* U, I' iSocial Intervention0 u- \* V! [- L$ `2 |. ?) E
174. Establishing new social patterns% f3 f4 E* N: t' u( l5 @
175. Overloading of facilities
1 F: e0 t0 q8 v, |* I* P8 h0 h 176. Stall-in. b$ [) V5 @" R' e- T5 o1 u
177. Speak-in* i, k9 I! t9 U& u
178. Guerrilla theater
$ G! J3 ~, J! O 179. Alternative social institutions
; o3 r/ Z, _! z 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
% I1 Y" p }% o% F 181. Reverse strike
+ L6 p3 I* r' ]5 [ 182. Stay-in strike
( ^; Z- v! i7 f9 q 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 Q7 I% m8 w4 ]" e3 Z
184. Defiance of blockades
) y6 s" W7 K) T 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& V9 l5 d. J* ]' }' n' q 186. Preclusive purchasing( T: r7 F' x* s! [
187. Seizure of assets/ ~" Q; x4 z d, q2 ?+ J
188. Dumping6 d/ L" @! t8 Z C, Z# w' Z
189. Selective patronage B3 \7 Q+ M" f4 x1 Y
190. Alternative markets
" Q6 O G+ n+ t7 b( U: ?2 l 191. Alternative transportation systems9 {3 O) L+ i) X9 _2 ]
192. Alternative economic institutions/ `. S6 H! n F$ ^; y, D2 a% K0 Q
& M- F- H2 ], W' g6 R/ aPolitical Intervention }( O9 A' J" z
193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ c4 L9 D) Y- `. B 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. d- K9 o( m) s9 M: X9 n+ S6 b- I* h
195. Seeking imprisonment/ B& V; n3 Q% \; w5 c& U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! V; S( y* Y6 r1 l 197. Work-on without collaboration" K% V' ~# _5 \4 `
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
