 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, e& D3 O% K& Q! m0 l* e& {4 s' JFormal Statements
4 O1 Y7 X8 [# O! H! t# B 1. Public Speeches0 p7 F7 K5 D% h
2. Letters of opposition or support
7 M3 a+ h5 a, Z1 G0 A 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions V/ [% s% {+ M5 ~: Z: u3 f
4. Signed public statements
& u) e# ^7 \) e" d% W 5. Declarations of indictment and intention' L$ \5 a3 y! r$ Q. {- Y
6. Group or mass petitions
5 |) f% b r) u2 H
8 \: x" I+ v9 P8 X+ d. E qCommunications with a Wider Audience2 W& ? v( D" i! o; B, A# t# @9 H& U
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) e* [9 ]+ O. f9 F+ Y0 e7 j) F
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' {5 E# U& P6 F3 O/ Y$ ~( u4 t, x 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ M/ U4 e8 B/ F6 H1 c$ ?. R 10. Newspapers and journals
3 G- D1 W# S$ r9 y0 P7 v- y d& O1 q 11. Records, radio, and television6 ~# \3 N. `2 N7 V( H0 i
12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 e/ [" v9 Q* W) ^: J& `' w) \* H7 S
3 v' o4 q: {# t( r( c8 B3 {" E! G% AGroup Representations! Z9 Z5 |# L* n3 z, Z
13. Deputations
( [+ v {8 D) R, l$ M 14. Mock awards3 v" X9 x1 j* U
15. Group lobbying( c1 Y5 U8 o Q) `
16. Picketing, S$ v' s# c" U" @1 u9 @/ w s
17. Mock elections
2 r6 d: \0 t5 d9 B! g* L. ?6 q
, H# |7 S; P* I$ ?4 m8 L4 W. S4 XSymbolic Public Acts! k: y5 g# o' X# g: ~
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 d$ Q) ~8 N7 J 19. Wearing of symbols! M: i- M i) c7 S6 l4 M
20. Prayer and worship" u0 ]$ F) M j$ G) H7 U
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: G0 n5 l' t& z" e+ M1 Q4 q 22. Protest disrobings
2 X- f1 f0 [. L" D1 m 23. Destruction of own property( T0 l* _( y8 L) Y8 G/ k/ |
24. Symbolic lights& D& l5 Z" j' z* W/ U" A6 `
25. Displays of portraits
. D1 K; R" C( t1 D2 n 26. Paint as protest
. k- V: Y$ N/ e$ _) V2 n 27. New signs and names
- e" `4 e. m e d. g# m' f+ P 28. Symbolic sounds8 E7 ` C. O$ q9 B' X' ^
29. Symbolic reclamations
5 J2 T3 T7 M* F& P 30. Rude gestures# w- {5 w, Z8 k# ^. k" e
# X1 G: O; C" P" k2 ^! k5 L
Pressures on Individuals
# y& \! K# [ N* C2 @8 e' B1 U 31. “Haunting” officials
6 T1 P! z) z7 L6 a! V 32. Taunting officials- [2 ]# P* _9 z- A6 ]
33. Fraternization! I$ r1 J# |: y6 `6 H) W2 {( \0 h
34. Vigils
2 t2 U% f5 u; Y0 N% z. `% _, F p) f! x+ P! A( @3 O6 M6 _
Drama and Music$ |' I+ K9 b/ B- r t
35. Humorous skits and pranks" Z% g7 S* G5 n* n |7 B; b" i
36. Performances of plays and music/ [7 ^/ E, K2 F+ m. F+ q+ W
37. Singing J }/ u# P0 X" \) k% r. z
U8 D6 N" A) m* ]1 ]' N
Processions
5 Z4 f0 i2 o0 p+ c 38. Marches; S7 y6 \, F* P& C8 b- M" W6 V0 ]
39. Parades
% K+ y& q2 W* J 40. Religious processions( {4 e( b" |. z
41. Pilgrimages
. y7 c8 Q, \2 ] 42. Motorcades* S- u3 l, X7 y
% u; d$ C8 @4 ?0 q+ T/ l' W: W+ h
Honoring the Dead! O& c7 R# A% r \, ^5 S
43. Political mourning" l* R- ~5 w, Z) w
44. Mock funerals9 n6 |- S% j5 s7 G
45. Demonstrative funerals
; n/ G1 Q5 v T1 k7 e 46. Homage at burial places
7 T. Y/ I' c- e+ a4 a
& Y/ r& K- m% ]Public Assemblies
' ~0 {' x& B8 {) a5 D! J 47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 Q# k( h7 X$ w" g* w1 \ Z( z5 z 48. Protest meetings
' D9 n- }5 F6 ~* a; z8 U 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 X( w# W2 O1 M1 D* H6 R: ?
50. Teach-ins& f$ q. v4 { Q" t* l9 U
1 ~& S! Y5 M1 f
Withdrawal and Renunciation- r6 v& G$ m" r, a
51. Walk-outs2 s: q1 S/ D8 J7 R, S& n" n
52. Silence
/ o( K$ b- G- M4 F! w' x M+ l 53. Renouncing honors
5 O4 w3 s+ N, v 54. Turning one’s back
/ {3 A0 Y! a$ H$ W& S, Q0 V( M5 w$ _* _3 J! @
3 i2 @2 m2 T3 X$ o' s6 s" ~. i% n
T1 B g& @. ?9 {, `2 d0 @0 k$ g
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ H" L! j6 k! e) {
% m8 m7 p6 ~5 E0 c! x0 J: Y j7 z' f& R* S/ {* c. x9 T: e
6 I: h* p+ y" f U
Ostracism of Persons- w6 Y& ]$ n+ s4 e4 {
55. Social boycott# J G; t) t9 d' Z1 d, u
56. Selective social boycott2 E: D- A5 H- d1 v/ n0 e2 d
57. Lysistratic nonaction: J4 A$ a0 O$ E. z
58. Excommunication
/ W$ g: {$ U+ O5 d& @ 59. Interdict1 T5 s8 Q4 c9 g+ [# f# a, l+ ]4 [
8 ~; _" m- u* J/ I8 p
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 L' @) R( K( r1 ` 60. Suspension of social and sports activities: b7 x) r( d1 ~/ O
61. Boycott of social affairs
9 C4 z8 S1 e3 J* \- ~6 j! x3 _$ `7 ^ 62. Student strike' o M, @5 u' G: h
63. Social disobedience
6 g! ]1 m6 L( s1 o5 s; _4 u 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ }9 ~3 U: D: }' v% w. k; P
6 o4 L% H& Y; e) ZWithdrawal from the Social System
+ i0 \% ]5 P/ C& w/ l, I$ ^ 65. Stay-at-home: l3 b# c# n: Q7 l0 e5 ]
66. Total personal noncooperation
+ o5 r8 R. N l) A$ \ x6 R$ o( R 67. “Flight” of workers
+ g2 R' V0 u% _ 68. Sanctuary+ N8 j7 Q+ ?" Y8 j8 O4 B
69. Collective disappearance
0 `9 r% k* X' J6 v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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: x& K0 B7 w' o- y! c, H/ q- Q 6 Q0 l# k9 f- h/ v& U9 f
% A8 ?. Z2 e& }# [% ?$ s
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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+ P% x+ S# k* f) H% c: d0 H6 L * [8 S9 g6 ^9 g- p
Actions by Consumers
8 Q0 J1 o% W4 Z" i1 w2 \ 71. Consumers’ boycott
" b' K# ^+ D; B: Y* h! N$ i 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 y% [8 ?7 q6 [, g; a* u
73. Policy of austerity
5 i& {0 F; [1 O2 j3 K 74. Rent withholding
- k) G8 x: W5 r 75. Refusal to rent
& k0 l* o# `; Y 76. National consumers’ boycott
& f4 f9 s/ [9 _9 s. d" R* X 77. International consumers’ boycott
N4 U4 @4 P+ z. W, r
: N& a3 V+ y# R5 N- o8 W9 W. KAction by Workers and Producers
y) \6 |& |4 a2 P4 v$ N 78. Workmen’s boycott L/ c/ g' [+ W! x& n; C
79. Producers’ boycott. Q5 a* F# l4 C# ?: z2 d& L
! b$ T X! k, D/ l* }( T
Action by Middlemen1 R' r; B J; X, w |
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ |0 r3 M9 S/ E) m+ c6 q' M* _/ d0 b( D! u* _4 d
Action by Owners and Management; R1 |; E: u! P- Q [
81. Traders’ boycott+ k6 q% W' H9 v
82. Refusal to let or sell property* e6 o$ U9 }3 M& o
83. Lockout
5 i) Y) e! D0 r* l; Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 \% ?6 {7 W2 a' ]- A6 _ 85. Merchants’ “general strike” _8 v6 X8 b) i8 [9 Z/ C
! @, O* x. f( y( m
Action by Holders of Financial Resources$ e4 d% N- N }* w" ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# Z$ P" E- t; A" F( b 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 E8 C8 O4 x( i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, E! q5 t% L5 H) p+ t$ J7 u- `* S 89. Severance of funds and credit
4 G- v2 t. y( ]8 G 90. Revenue refusal7 D9 \+ R) O/ x& m- [7 @, t$ }
91. Refusal of a government’s money* V- p: K3 ]* |: V2 L
" B+ j! s) Z# r @Action by Governments
* N6 y! \7 [/ C% S* n) l3 @ m 92. Domestic embargo) { o/ M4 k, K/ T* r- k
93. Blacklisting of traders
! k" s: x0 t% B$ P 94. International sellers’ embargo8 f6 y5 m7 ?$ @; T% A/ s4 [ U3 j
95. International buyers’ embargo
' m; |& H+ C( q. v3 c$ z6 v4 [$ c 96. International trade embargo5 x2 E$ F5 Q% z1 S5 @, q% x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 L$ Z5 e5 H+ f5 s; {
5 E* F, R0 |5 d$ V. g" X$ m" y
w2 [, T% P$ X6 I& S3 d, L9 ASymbolic Strikes
9 `% Z$ I& x+ p* f! {' h 97. Protest strike( j: j2 u: J/ s: h6 c' {
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ L* _8 U/ V/ F- S
3 y# }. }* ~7 P. g0 ^Agricultural Strikes4 r* ^: w6 q3 r2 L. B
99. Peasant strike2 E# Z1 M0 ~8 f" I$ t! d" P
100. Farm Workers’ strike: m! n: R3 e- n) ]
: k1 X p6 z8 N. ^0 Y
Strikes by Special Groups
! D" Q& a# _' k/ C+ a3 b 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 d1 A- d. v0 t" k% y K# Q7 m" N 102. Prisoners’ strike( K& Q- [ b) @' A/ V6 V1 ^( _
103. Craft strike
. a0 T/ s8 y0 ]2 f9 z. Z* Z 104. Professional strike
, R& ^/ W/ _4 _. h. F5 J+ |; c+ r) i. k$ q J
Ordinary Industrial Strikes. V9 l. e& I- s5 A' v, ]
105. Establishment strike
+ t3 l1 p& r" o+ G* ]: f8 [" | 106. Industry strike
$ x' z( T5 C6 q+ v( d% s5 U 107. Sympathetic strike
1 t6 q+ _6 G" q' \/ S8 d/ T, V% T
4 N5 ]! I/ G! U3 n7 ^Restricted Strikes
7 W6 h0 P2 `3 {, m# c, T+ z 108. Detailed strike
( [8 T, I i& k7 j$ I 109. Bumper strike. H! b% P5 c4 e( _" n2 u
110. Slowdown strike5 l2 _) ?8 y6 |" F1 p
111. Working-to-rule strike8 a% w B; G( c+ U+ @: A S% c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) R2 O8 k, `7 Z: | 113. Strike by resignation" g4 W, M, l, s8 u( i! `8 a
114. Limited strike% W( l7 N1 q6 T
115. Selective strike3 ~3 ]7 n0 {; ~* b; g% W. z( `
3 Z7 I1 _! R0 kMulti-Industry Strikes* ]' w1 m* O! r
& j @1 `! {& j* p
116. Generalized strike
! l* j k# \$ k
7 o: w, I& p ~- }& P6 u/ R5 n 117. General strike9 k( o2 [ q* @# q+ H* Y3 z S
6 L, M @) m, g- [% ?Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures# x5 C0 d8 t5 k3 O& u: X o
4 i5 f6 b* R% X' D: v 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown$ H* [, r- d* A* ?" K
3 ^+ z0 t" {7 ]7 K! n- n$ t 9 r( E) e- I5 e! d) z
6 M& ]/ w N' L+ t; N, yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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- E1 E# a0 O: Z" j, ^+ m9 ]Rejection of Authority
# ~' R- H5 r$ ]7 e 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. I( Z! s# ^! l4 { 121. Refusal of public support9 z( [& [' @8 e/ P* x$ _! K
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 [( [: t# s: P
# b ]* [5 ?. T8 O# YCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; B. L B8 \3 I& p9 A/ j 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; g) o5 K! e* {/ z/ p* U9 L
124. Boycott of elections
, v" @# {5 O* L' V 125. Boycott of government employment and positions) G4 Q( X& B/ ^
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- ?' x% d, V/ ` 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 j4 u: f; R, u/ D7 O! x
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 O q/ B% S3 B+ V: t. }- |" C
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# J6 y8 d# J! q" n1 R$ {7 f 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# l) l& o+ Z0 A2 M- n, ~ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ e+ ]# \% i: c
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& G. e w1 m7 z1 b; z
' f# ^6 O$ ]# h) y) p6 TCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" L' V7 l( _4 S: F' |! d3 X6 y( A
133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 g& Q' X T& _; v& {7 W, U1 d7 Z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 I. X" O a9 X; I, B 135. Popular nonobedience
y% l, D$ q9 k1 B& b4 v; J, X 136. Disguised disobedience
: d- o5 T0 V# H5 S) N- A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# w- Q. l7 f0 E4 i
138. Sitdown5 k# i0 ~$ y& Z8 S' A" B
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 Q, w, c8 g, ?: x 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 z+ u/ b* C) \( C6 i8 f2 B" e6 Z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& Z0 O! x( |& L7 P+ D' x/ d F0 i& q! ~' |, ?8 N) c7 {0 I
Action by Government Personnel
, Q' r2 l: r A# o X. j' z' J 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ O3 t8 d7 K$ ~6 Q4 [* Z& F- E! B
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 m) W5 p7 t0 n1 K 144. Stalling and obstruction# x0 t) }$ m p6 q
145. General administrative noncooperation
5 N3 N' q# _$ _5 S) w$ ?0 b8 U' c5 ~' {) F4 M- I3 U
146. Judicial noncooperation
7 P8 m8 ^+ v( { 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, s3 Z0 o i5 V
148. Mutiny' z$ }8 a5 Z) u/ V0 i* r9 k9 Y
Domestic Governmental Action. c6 |0 ?# g, K* M7 D
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ P2 e( R5 k, m
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
/ q& R. R. \6 d* D+ v0 ?" k4 P* p Y. b) f$ `
International Governmental Action& Z0 s/ B" E, N; f' n4 O. K5 Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 |) V6 ?- Q( U; r; u/ z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' } k2 g$ w* n6 t0 y$ } 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 I) [% e& B# b' n$ E* q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 v# D6 M$ k* S; x9 ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
0 S: g; c! ^) P. o1 ^ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. X( J8 W6 Q3 |6 `8 c
157. Expulsion from international organizations
) `0 M3 v3 ?8 M3 C
$ `$ c. I/ ~8 l' ~/ y & C! o+ S1 b6 l( n# ^: A5 J
L) K/ I$ t" W7 @1 |THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* r. y9 r, v7 Y9 k3 K, i
& G: U0 K- t5 s( h0 t& M% |1 X
; L0 Q4 ]. a. o+ t1 A2 CPsychological Intervention; q v5 n0 y7 c G4 ]0 w7 B4 _
158. Self-exposure to the elements/ X3 v7 {/ B8 o! @2 I
159. The fast
* l: z$ O3 Z! Y7 a a) Fast of moral pressure& d. K( M' n G* e# ]
b) Hunger strike
. B/ g# j7 x" P8 _/ o1 C* E2 { c) Satyagrahic fast8 d0 n. i1 n2 l8 i
160. Reverse trial( i9 t& r9 W' O0 B6 J
161. Nonviolent harassment
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7 g' B' j& I' v# W: U- L0 r2 SPhysical Intervention
1 i' f1 Y3 d# W; n 162. Sit-in, J9 s( {2 R0 m& C* a" N# M$ V
163. Stand-in: z6 k/ ~ c' r6 V' o6 |4 t
164. Ride-in6 r: Q% I4 e* l0 w( E0 A
165. Wade-in, R! {$ f t) m6 Z. s+ y
166. Mill-in
2 n; j6 _2 E" _4 C3 \ 167. Pray-in
9 J. \% C4 u2 @/ S9 t2 a9 J" I+ _ 168. Nonviolent raids
9 H2 A: N S( v2 k7 w! l( \6 H 169. Nonviolent air raids
) J2 T) G$ W; ]/ C 170. Nonviolent invasion
7 U1 M' a, V$ f+ m' P+ e 171. Nonviolent interjection
: G# ~: S6 L/ v) K. C/ V6 A1 H$ d 172. Nonviolent obstruction0 C$ h' F% F' u0 [4 F. F4 l
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
7 `6 o' Z$ `2 ^1 n& B 174. Establishing new social patterns; q/ X: V8 [" ]/ ? w$ X
175. Overloading of facilities
5 q) B( D# o; V [ 176. Stall-in0 v {; {- i$ ^
177. Speak-in
) l) d3 a+ V" _ 178. Guerrilla theater5 Y( n* ?& R) ]- E
179. Alternative social institutions. T9 {) L. a: D- P4 m
180. Alternative communication system5 S& l, E2 J, ]' Q" X/ {9 O
7 ?% w7 s" s4 U% z% \- C1 ?- d
Economic Intervention+ L7 o: N' w8 U5 u
181. Reverse strike6 l) ^' c5 K$ R' J3 \: ]
182. Stay-in strike7 R* w7 u+ _6 c4 h
183. Nonviolent land seizure3 [% U3 O4 c: v- \1 J8 i
184. Defiance of blockades
% ^+ v% [3 \6 w3 Z y: j 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 ~. w% y# [% ?1 k7 ]2 O. I 186. Preclusive purchasing1 |, _0 k/ N" y0 t* b
187. Seizure of assets
' v( _: X% U# s/ W 188. Dumping8 L4 h% C5 P. h! ~: s3 A
189. Selective patronage
% R0 t: Z( N' v$ [) a( s1 N 190. Alternative markets# F F% H4 i3 N
191. Alternative transportation systems+ Q7 ^4 w$ R& Y R1 }4 [; _. [1 {; ^
192. Alternative economic institutions; l3 Y9 h8 C' T& u' v: Q
7 p6 N6 M* k# J" ^
Political Intervention5 p, S2 E1 l2 T: T/ Z6 _
193. Overloading of administrative systems
, [7 d' A( B! |( [/ J- K6 i6 G# @& l 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
. R) f; v0 v4 l9 G 195. Seeking imprisonment
% s8 z9 A! j8 Q, V& P: O 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" n0 k; [6 W: X2 q
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 f, w. d- r+ [: F 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 }- {3 \0 {" N6 a! c' f- @
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
