 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* ]% j) i5 v7 q+ QFormal Statements
" ^3 |6 ~0 h0 l4 c 1. Public Speeches' u4 ]3 m0 C. h* Q' t. D
2. Letters of opposition or support
b- i$ h) o; T M 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 C5 r4 ~. }* q5 O4 d, _1 f4 Z, {/ x
4. Signed public statements
+ l/ j6 q, D# u0 L5 E# O4 q" P- R 5. Declarations of indictment and intention) Y: R1 {/ N/ d% L5 ?
6. Group or mass petitions. b+ N' V0 y) V$ D/ K+ b
, q. N* b7 N M
Communications with a Wider Audience. L6 {0 h ~* q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ W9 e, h0 R5 F 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; }4 O# f* |/ R! ?6 J J' S
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
C. M8 X+ q7 B: n- ^ 10. Newspapers and journals
; ^- V* ^7 j" b3 ]! v4 O3 \3 n4 @ 11. Records, radio, and television2 E2 b @/ g- o
12. Skywriting and earthwriting( `$ }; W, o8 p' M4 t# b8 t
! h, I7 b2 J8 c) F' t
Group Representations+ J0 E/ q1 T' g0 G9 t8 v( ^$ f! ?
13. Deputations
g+ p' N8 j" P 14. Mock awards8 S1 r" u5 L8 O7 v& g- x
15. Group lobbying
/ E% U! t& e8 g4 V+ m 16. Picketing
! }# g- I5 }+ X2 u e$ D, Z 17. Mock elections
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}7 z1 m6 I0 Y7 o5 y3 OSymbolic Public Acts
; c& b" \+ l7 R" R% z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# K" g: H8 C) q 19. Wearing of symbols) J8 P8 V: O4 w
20. Prayer and worship( K% |1 ~( n8 ]; I' E4 d
21. Delivering symbolic objects
. _3 v: d2 ^1 u q( a+ ~ 22. Protest disrobings
) M) E4 W: X0 y. D, U6 [ 23. Destruction of own property$ C- u) `, S, G+ U
24. Symbolic lights) E5 F" u5 _8 f' g( W, g% H+ ^. \% W
25. Displays of portraits
Z$ J/ C% _6 W' b9 l. h y8 J4 ^5 ^4 v5 | 26. Paint as protest
" J! \& x- C& n0 v 27. New signs and names+ J# y, W6 a" m" A4 |
28. Symbolic sounds
' [5 L( I4 d" I( @, ~7 E N+ g3 v 29. Symbolic reclamations
* D2 q4 p" I' U% t$ R& e 30. Rude gestures
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7 D/ N6 h6 {- ^+ [% zPressures on Individuals
0 F) D/ P w k$ q' Q+ v! g 31. “Haunting” officials
4 ~$ b9 S* f# a( }* P 32. Taunting officials ]) f+ ?+ `) i! h- |
33. Fraternization# z, R. m0 x/ n, S
34. Vigils i" H; \7 o, h6 |. F" w" M
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Drama and Music
0 m; \$ }+ P3 C& i% W3 [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks* E* m5 Y- I) A/ k" A) V9 K) Q
36. Performances of plays and music
( a8 ]1 W1 Y7 K9 C6 [2 B/ ` 37. Singing ~: h. v. J ~& Y* W0 G
1 F4 z) N4 a" z) K0 N% }& |2 w- t* a* I
Processions
8 b$ S$ N- d# n( i( C9 F 38. Marches
- @* @, {+ T& I2 b6 _0 ~( T 39. Parades
9 t0 U4 U7 O# c- b( {9 Z 40. Religious processions4 Q7 H4 M' K+ q# j9 Q
41. Pilgrimages
) n- [% P# Z0 _8 Z3 D 42. Motorcades) ^& R; P/ e" e9 L* i) X
& T$ _8 n2 E. [; n8 l8 y. _Honoring the Dead$ C, g' V" d& W$ Y4 t1 `# m t
43. Political mourning. n9 d( e8 ?# t' y. \
44. Mock funerals
5 B8 {( b: O1 C8 f; K% H 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 z+ @# m" Z' p 46. Homage at burial places
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: m/ Y1 E X, X1 a, t, zPublic Assemblies
: m) [8 [6 a0 u# Q0 ?4 n 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 } _" J1 {% Y3 w5 o4 {/ d
48. Protest meetings
5 ^5 T# h' ^5 D 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; C; U8 K7 `% l4 @+ W" z" H" I
50. Teach-ins( d- y+ h" t4 i# ` \! Z
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
; C, P4 N* f0 b# K! J5 O4 R 51. Walk-outs6 Z8 r# M" ^" x5 n L
52. Silence
: g7 S$ V( S/ ?, v% Q 53. Renouncing honors: ^, W8 k/ T5 b
54. Turning one’s back
5 n; F, j* g* {: Y- Y/ ^; e
. y( _7 y7 K2 A* u' m 1 z& e7 q6 Y# R1 b" B
$ e: e% g: E, V/ q( s/ K# tTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) f) a- e, K% b: v+ u L+ h
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Ostracism of Persons
) c3 e5 m! I$ q( Q$ U/ ? 55. Social boycott
1 e' z8 |- \3 y1 S) G d 56. Selective social boycott( g- v; s( ]( ]4 o
57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ Z I7 n$ f- L$ l" D! ? 58. Excommunication; b5 \& J- |% P$ ~" X
59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ f3 k8 v) X- [+ H+ N 60. Suspension of social and sports activities- O7 O) R+ H2 A6 Z
61. Boycott of social affairs
h- E8 U( n/ o# c/ i7 b6 m; d 62. Student strike; B" l. Y+ x( `0 _8 M$ H0 t
63. Social disobedience9 [3 H" G5 G3 R% c1 Z5 W) q$ X
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) l z5 ?' i6 o# Y9 [8 a5 d' B- d: H9 z+ I2 ]. h4 L
Withdrawal from the Social System
. f6 I/ U/ p$ Q7 W3 o 65. Stay-at-home. n x3 D! b" B4 Z6 [
66. Total personal noncooperation
2 ]: B$ q6 \& }: L 67. “Flight” of workers
7 B! E4 K6 H, q* i0 ` 68. Sanctuary
4 D# x/ ^, }& E% ` 69. Collective disappearance" }! j2 D9 D+ @/ L
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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3 i! Y* u% }, oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers4 f! N. u. E8 X4 j
71. Consumers’ boycott" d9 p7 h3 M% q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ y' t* i1 j8 P9 h% K6 D
73. Policy of austerity
8 E/ m3 P8 K+ X9 c& l 74. Rent withholding
: r1 d. |6 I3 Y( V( Y w1 ? 75. Refusal to rent
7 f' l! R) S( E% y6 m) O 76. National consumers’ boycott, N/ u0 v. {- k; F$ h! B7 Q
77. International consumers’ boycott
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6 D# m3 j, M1 G% I5 X8 m( aAction by Workers and Producers2 Y4 {) D3 @# _6 f# r
78. Workmen’s boycott/ A! i- F- x' L0 z: F
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen8 J0 ~9 [7 I$ X6 F
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management8 e) ^& R# w* s, S
81. Traders’ boycott8 D0 A/ F/ J, f' ?) B
82. Refusal to let or sell property
% B6 B6 R5 @* ~- H8 | 83. Lockout
. H% j" u' g' k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance' [$ a0 _. p! ?1 S- A& I9 j+ Q+ Q; h
85. Merchants’ “general strike”) k$ o7 p% M; e; S
; v; |- y a# c# l& \, JAction by Holders of Financial Resources
n+ E$ x1 B1 k7 A; B5 A/ M6 W 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 g' }# N5 p" |: h0 v0 h 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 C0 |# u* j! k. J 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- o* J6 R+ w$ R v! }. a4 `
89. Severance of funds and credit6 f3 ?9 X3 a' M0 P/ i
90. Revenue refusal
$ ]9 k3 N! N# {7 V 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
) x$ U! \) ?' A0 l3 m 92. Domestic embargo
5 ^0 U: k7 W* o: M4 U- }0 w3 T% s' b 93. Blacklisting of traders9 k" @' Q1 f6 X: a
94. International sellers’ embargo. v% x$ K8 `5 u
95. International buyers’ embargo
, ^: k8 q& Q9 V$ w! D/ q2 f* C 96. International trade embargo
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- l6 k8 W! y* E$ R$ qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 C: `* B F b* e5 L; {( f
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3 ^; z! G6 k2 X+ x4 K' {Symbolic Strikes
* H8 W3 r. w! J% H+ k+ _ 97. Protest strike
) Z) b/ E) [- C/ T( | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 D2 q+ k4 r; D5 X
3 L2 U1 x' q; d" k# Q7 d4 q0 l' `, q
Agricultural Strikes+ K) E, E, M2 ~, R$ X; D
99. Peasant strike+ S' M9 v' D6 b
100. Farm Workers’ strike" D, D1 k7 P5 F5 d% ~" o
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Strikes by Special Groups! k! Q* F {- e
101. Refusal of impressed labor* Z( n8 G9 y2 L/ c) z
102. Prisoners’ strike
' {. G1 D" A$ x1 N& R 103. Craft strike" o2 }' Y& o3 m% c2 t6 X- a
104. Professional strike
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+ {2 d, k2 V1 G5 v* XOrdinary Industrial Strikes" ?* |" O: T# J, C9 t0 G7 _
105. Establishment strike
; r6 L" L* k, k% \ 106. Industry strike" e% N) Q7 Y" e+ j
107. Sympathetic strike/ ~- S" \: d0 C" e5 v) W
/ X2 S" h1 u9 z$ x, C/ `
Restricted Strikes
6 W; ^, r7 C) ?6 v; T+ M8 y 108. Detailed strike8 t* D# W5 W6 o* E" C: m6 L
109. Bumper strike
" L, P8 U+ e* S' G 110. Slowdown strike9 |5 N) g2 N8 n1 ?
111. Working-to-rule strike% K, V; i0 w) z/ V7 r+ [" o
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 W. K- ]9 l3 e6 O! I8 w' l 113. Strike by resignation/ ?% F2 P+ Z) m' q
114. Limited strike
1 W& ]. c, k2 ]$ y6 x 115. Selective strike, E9 F% X) {. y8 }% V
# `% ^" M. q9 G6 I% fMulti-Industry Strikes8 p, X$ S% \5 ?9 `3 Z2 m- }" u) L
/ n! R X D. |8 t' D 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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?1 F8 A) ]9 n! t/ P, qCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 M- j3 {, H, r& _ [6 F, D
6 ?: P7 f" c1 J1 t! W 118. Hartal" F0 e3 A8 p1 {1 S7 j" j2 R7 `
6 N2 {; x5 G; x 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION3 r( u5 ^ V5 b% [: i( w; T
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Rejection of Authority
/ t3 P, J) ~1 d- k1 v9 c 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ w( R, B" q+ R) [- Q( C+ ? 121. Refusal of public support
/ N# r; y6 V6 o* e: {3 W. r 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 d0 m/ c3 u4 n
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 I/ _! }# c2 ~! {4 u 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 i; i+ N8 o" v. ?3 _- Q9 z 124. Boycott of elections- I5 z2 I' Z( F$ q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ B& W1 e3 j3 h* N9 G d 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 D0 B# q! N3 v
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, K5 n" P0 ^5 t' a$ b' b
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations O% T5 U: K( f# q. X
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. N; T, E$ _$ J7 G# F* ^3 s; }# X8 r6 c 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 o' Y$ ~; b0 ]7 m0 u& e. M: F 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( B0 Z( D, T; s) D
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# ~6 w4 p# J5 ] |" ? 133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ ^% y1 i+ r& B7 G6 Y/ {0 }
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 i( }/ W) \/ l9 I0 R 135. Popular nonobedience
* }* H+ ?/ q; \' r' }; ]! R 136. Disguised disobedience3 q+ e3 K8 x; g) i$ `. @
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
, \4 H$ D' L0 c! F 138. Sitdown8 V1 f2 Y3 `+ l8 {! t- X
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 Z0 j" l; A( a" W: y& x' q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 ]9 l D) {/ q$ O0 ~9 y! a; Q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# ^' x9 h3 N- `# A; D
! c, u5 j4 s) {- r. ?Action by Government Personnel
k5 I7 k! }1 `: P9 I2 i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( e% q: X, U5 @, ] 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& s E7 Z& b0 D, I8 B* E2 d$ _ 144. Stalling and obstruction
- F& J6 T/ U& t: j 145. General administrative noncooperation' J6 E: y6 Z6 L. i
& G7 S2 l9 E4 \# Z
146. Judicial noncooperation
1 S# s9 F2 P1 k# T" k 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ i& b- E g! w7 G1 S6 c" W$ ?. T
148. Mutiny7 R! A( A4 r+ w% C V' W) V
Domestic Governmental Action% t' @7 Z" J" m% }3 G
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% i# P8 l4 Q \6 w" c
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 s, a5 S1 Y1 T% W+ o* C$ u+ @; p
9 l1 J- f- s' K3 ^7 |# i6 f2 _! W. OInternational Governmental Action& P6 e% F* M' {; n5 S4 i
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 I# G9 Y" a& p; f5 V) ^5 Q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ a: ?, u+ L3 Z+ x 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) }( Z1 i2 g7 A% ^; s
154. Severance of diplomatic relations% c* d# L" h. C6 q5 v% t9 i* p; D
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, z# M- n/ O2 c+ W q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% x% V1 D2 J m/ N3 {1 u
157. Expulsion from international organizations6 G: h: O8 k$ {) G
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+ u4 O" w+ b4 hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention. J+ F6 H& ?7 G# N6 x% Q$ Y- s
158. Self-exposure to the elements
. u- N: ~5 O) g g8 M/ a) K 159. The fast
7 z8 `, s. U- O" o0 d6 L k4 Y a) Fast of moral pressure
, u+ \- @5 k/ a! ]& o$ N: K" T b) Hunger strike
# ^$ \2 m' `; M! m; o c) Satyagrahic fast
1 _/ p% u- E# S$ W4 A 160. Reverse trial% X% _4 h" E) f( X+ k. M
161. Nonviolent harassment& g& @9 |3 n3 r. L* i) ?& i
4 k7 w0 ~8 O8 \7 [& M. W# M9 ?
Physical Intervention
4 x4 S' c( ]- [5 `. X: U3 v 162. Sit-in% \$ n9 D- }$ w3 ?3 j1 k
163. Stand-in
+ A' m6 q$ T1 m p 164. Ride-in
3 `6 q0 e3 m6 s* {+ S+ s 165. Wade-in
9 z# `# K' v6 P 166. Mill-in6 q' P, @) p1 ~8 c
167. Pray-in9 ^; C1 ]' y- [ I) s+ T
168. Nonviolent raids1 s* p! V+ j: y1 Z8 I& L
169. Nonviolent air raids5 e* b- B' b `9 h9 R5 {2 n0 `6 C
170. Nonviolent invasion
5 J: H9 o- z9 m# F 171. Nonviolent interjection
7 t. X/ k/ t7 z M) S, J' w 172. Nonviolent obstruction$ A' O7 \, \: I9 j
173. Nonviolent occupation. C) w) V4 G. R2 n
' h0 D# r, Z" ]3 w2 s9 p. K6 GSocial Intervention
% K p5 _; `: q/ y+ l 174. Establishing new social patterns
7 L# V, R$ S4 N$ a I. G, I0 W 175. Overloading of facilities
8 X( X2 w$ f. M0 y5 [ 176. Stall-in/ y; ^* `) K8 p# a- T. s' O9 X, w
177. Speak-in5 |' L' q/ R2 R) k$ m/ C
178. Guerrilla theater
# y- j9 O2 E! o& X% ?4 a: X 179. Alternative social institutions
" w$ N( k1 u4 I" g/ L 180. Alternative communication system
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+ t) _% a l( {( Q" r8 m# ~0 nEconomic Intervention: h3 K2 c$ `; F% v. O& m" j
181. Reverse strike! ~. Z# I0 B, b
182. Stay-in strike& ]7 `$ Z% l6 O" T
183. Nonviolent land seizure, `/ @: {% x+ Z" n) R7 K
184. Defiance of blockades
2 Z* |4 B* Z3 y* M, c 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! E+ E) H" A$ b
186. Preclusive purchasing
( F2 R! a$ W" b* N 187. Seizure of assets g0 K2 u. v. U% D
188. Dumping% Z: _( h, E- B: y# A/ w; G
189. Selective patronage
7 v9 H" p+ k* `- s; g. _4 h E 190. Alternative markets
2 f: O& R. D+ U& P 191. Alternative transportation systems7 c; s3 _" z1 [- D2 g
192. Alternative economic institutions. ]( Q: K0 @5 Q0 N, D
3 P; f) G; i J8 D! O9 QPolitical Intervention
0 w$ Y) ^+ J% X, H) ~2 f. n+ g4 }2 E2 u 193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 Q5 O3 a5 I$ a ~" F 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 y) L! o" N7 k3 C7 w7 v: B( L P 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 c+ W/ ~% K- d( \ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( M) V3 E8 p1 Y$ U Y9 h- H 197. Work-on without collaboration
' f R" S1 A. Q5 n: a3 h; }' n 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 @: T7 r' M1 ?5 a( [
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
