 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# n |' `9 ^$ ]$ C& WFormal Statements
) r* W0 c4 @; |, s 1. Public Speeches
- C9 ?3 r; U$ }) L& Y* b7 W 2. Letters of opposition or support
: T i$ ~4 t1 T+ r1 @ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, T y) U9 ]- G% S r0 p 4. Signed public statements+ D& `( b& {4 F2 K* ?* W
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 Z' ]) e2 ^1 [$ _+ V 6. Group or mass petitions3 V6 }3 J6 B; u& d% q) N
$ ]( r; b5 R% s# o- G( oCommunications with a Wider Audience: d# ~% b3 k: |* c/ y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 D$ `) \: W" z- a$ u, V$ W
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' ]( u6 E9 w7 j4 v
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ X+ i) `# ]4 b _$ s% I3 @ 10. Newspapers and journals6 o# [& v) _ t+ I- ^/ e
11. Records, radio, and television
" _0 @5 w0 I3 q k3 k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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9 U9 K. q" w$ U+ |; Z EGroup Representations6 V: {5 O# U6 ~/ w
13. Deputations; w$ F4 n8 Y$ f6 U( {$ d& X( @
14. Mock awards
- P: m: Q- I# D; Y& Y" o0 Q 15. Group lobbying
7 i: A! t6 }: m; J& ^4 N 16. Picketing3 v% U3 v! L9 a
17. Mock elections( d, G F& j. o/ P. f9 G g9 q7 X
% T. W' [* g9 i. a3 [* [8 B X
Symbolic Public Acts
4 U1 T6 K ? Z6 I4 X8 a+ y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 x. n1 j* E) _0 y3 Q3 @/ i+ @
19. Wearing of symbols
4 E) \( P7 Q' p( y7 n _! k 20. Prayer and worship
: A/ h# P) W% a# d) U1 } 21. Delivering symbolic objects5 ` J- o6 N* s; W" ]9 A" d( P
22. Protest disrobings
& V. t# q& }9 }( G! ?7 b5 F0 _$ f 23. Destruction of own property `1 w( M. R+ v! y" m6 B% J! V
24. Symbolic lights
) e5 L( k: h# a: G. t- M0 ] 25. Displays of portraits
% R8 a1 X8 v0 `. O% N7 ~/ X 26. Paint as protest6 p# F! D6 `% `$ s2 b
27. New signs and names) N9 s' g2 n) Z% c
28. Symbolic sounds
V. _4 q+ \. @9 w1 d" W 29. Symbolic reclamations
( [4 j# q* j: {- l 30. Rude gestures
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2 Z) U4 m/ c3 z3 r4 U% lPressures on Individuals
7 K" A: P3 w& N4 E3 C 31. “Haunting” officials
) f( D+ s: l/ [0 n 32. Taunting officials
! M, S; U' y( j% }+ } 33. Fraternization
# f1 T' K) u4 v 34. Vigils
: s1 Z$ y& C! S. e0 o5 c9 U6 f ?" d& l) z2 [
Drama and Music
. w8 a- V) @- d% G& d 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 M! ^, _2 Y) E6 W0 z3 C: x 36. Performances of plays and music
5 }5 [) y* j4 I 37. Singing
# w5 z: T1 h( ]4 T, |& E9 S: x. Q
Z. L7 z0 i/ ~/ pProcessions
8 b- s K7 Q0 S% I0 ]! p i6 a' a6 O 38. Marches
- W( K1 a0 Z, F( l, J+ x 39. Parades
0 d+ I) d2 y: F 40. Religious processions3 H( A: c$ F# J* h& B
41. Pilgrimages
! T' I: s# M3 L 42. Motorcades
$ X3 m3 z9 J. N6 y
; s" P9 z) D5 M6 N! b. eHonoring the Dead
: j: {& F1 T( C& j, F 43. Political mourning
; c' g0 ]" N! ^) Q* e 44. Mock funerals
2 o+ W0 \ w7 D: x) L" F: |2 b 45. Demonstrative funerals* b! Z7 Z% D5 n- m$ J
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies/ p3 y$ @5 u) t/ U
47. Assemblies of protest or support0 l: S# V) [2 D* j9 {: k+ L6 p
48. Protest meetings
+ a5 [) \4 h; V' Q7 S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& E* z S; M: v& t/ H) U% Q4 o 50. Teach-ins
7 _4 [( c0 ]& V, V2 `9 W- [ o3 l% {5 M$ U! Q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! H; N6 I/ b6 N3 @4 e: E( l& g 51. Walk-outs& t% u4 H( s3 y: ]) D( R5 k
52. Silence
( r' W7 A4 D t7 y8 u 53. Renouncing honors6 @/ s1 ?6 C5 L6 @ p5 _; O6 }1 F
54. Turning one’s back
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" v4 Q1 f5 q# kTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 l; B( t% O3 {3 J& i0 K3 r6 l
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Ostracism of Persons
L9 T. D' ]2 l$ g 55. Social boycott% I6 `; |/ P- M4 T& v/ f
56. Selective social boycott
" @, _+ d% o) x- @9 \" C. ^ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ Z' }4 ?/ Y" f# Q+ N 58. Excommunication1 y7 {( L; `' T0 e B" \
59. Interdict* ]1 _) t: ~4 o; ]* j
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! |- F+ [8 S5 W; u- M: y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ w0 n! I) {9 x/ O: u' e1 H 61. Boycott of social affairs
4 m; J; `2 y7 Z) c 62. Student strike* `8 J/ }0 J) M: y) N+ K' f
63. Social disobedience
! y) n3 y1 P- x0 L& C% {& K! ? 64. Withdrawal from social institutions: r8 C% u2 r ]4 H6 l
% \# w4 _6 ]5 f& G" m6 x! T0 lWithdrawal from the Social System
B) x. e+ x# S3 L7 K# K 65. Stay-at-home# k1 O( F0 F! @& \
66. Total personal noncooperation
+ v; \3 u1 {" t/ k5 _* B 67. “Flight” of workers3 m1 ^8 c. ^, J9 }8 g! Z! `
68. Sanctuary$ V' J* |. o+ T/ X: v1 A
69. Collective disappearance0 u1 P& b3 [' @7 |! g1 u
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ v8 I) l" G1 O! }% S
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 I9 |2 A( i# k- A
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$ O8 |3 s7 r, b! z$ I: wActions by Consumers/ F7 R6 l+ |3 N5 r
71. Consumers’ boycott
- q. A/ |9 m- ?, _8 r! T 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) }6 ]8 ]) Y" A k. ?( a 73. Policy of austerity
4 J% R+ G" w. Z$ W; | 74. Rent withholding
8 }; O$ J6 k) }; K% i 75. Refusal to rent
' ]! {. C1 }2 U$ U% c7 A: U5 | 76. National consumers’ boycott
) {$ {& Q$ _, w! ~! @ g: U7 ] 77. International consumers’ boycott
* I! l- `1 ^3 Z) [6 H, I) }) v3 ?3 h: \9 N- F
Action by Workers and Producers
3 G$ A- \5 g8 ~+ x0 J, i 78. Workmen’s boycott
% l7 z- Q& ?9 `4 e# M6 {0 {1 b0 p 79. Producers’ boycott
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; c# v8 }3 J8 z' j3 l8 BAction by Middlemen
1 ~7 d' C: Q; Z: P0 U: z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 w) M0 J' ?6 Q9 s: }% B! @
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Action by Owners and Management+ a1 `6 d2 |2 E8 J) C0 Y
81. Traders’ boycott
/ [: I6 D! M- |$ O! q 82. Refusal to let or sell property
% A) V/ l; i+ X5 N/ l- B 83. Lockout
0 g& p& R' z* F& r; V( _ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
" B% G% P* K) {' f$ r. K1 Y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources/ {! o D' T8 e# p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 ~& E# V1 \) B3 f7 y! z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 y) M6 e5 N3 ~! T4 b2 J5 Z3 U
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 w* H8 f% G2 `0 P
89. Severance of funds and credit
' @: ^! r# m/ y4 _3 z, S, @ 90. Revenue refusal
; h( Z7 L$ ^& L 91. Refusal of a government’s money; E9 v: Z h* i2 R; C2 g7 n8 z+ Z
/ ]; }1 `5 v2 Y
Action by Governments
5 p) w- i' p" ]6 ^" Y 92. Domestic embargo
$ k) u! v: v5 \" o- }! |9 X 93. Blacklisting of traders$ b6 D- t- ]8 `
94. International sellers’ embargo) L1 ]( ?' e4 Z9 P
95. International buyers’ embargo# w u8 Z1 |- w% \% {
96. International trade embargo$ t( m; B5 M+ U/ U8 T8 @# C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 L4 O% X, o5 U% v* W
1 N1 q: c; |- h B( z c
- f" d9 i+ ~2 h3 MSymbolic Strikes
# l; k1 ]/ Z/ z" k# `3 O# Z2 W 97. Protest strike
9 z/ L( h: J7 G 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' `: T( {- f& n7 d3 P3 ?# W9 u. ]- u* X, G
Agricultural Strikes
4 Y; n) y/ V# u 99. Peasant strike+ r; x4 P4 M' R5 M2 E7 ^8 {
100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 j* w# N4 M& P) `& |+ h% R- w; e, `& l) x' W
Strikes by Special Groups
% z+ p4 _8 Y5 h- x7 [7 b) `2 d 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ [% Y: E8 t8 [, K) ? c* y 102. Prisoners’ strike8 | k5 r' p! ^0 v& F
103. Craft strike/ k, l: ?+ Y# |* I L o, k* Q6 c0 t
104. Professional strike4 Y1 x8 N- c7 v. O) v: k" j7 u7 u
" }; F! S8 v" o% TOrdinary Industrial Strikes' J6 Z) \8 }" J/ H* b% U' y2 L
105. Establishment strike
& h' \& D9 O' S$ v1 k2 y! t" T 106. Industry strike
( ]$ S7 E s3 E- a" m! b/ ]6 o 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes) M- w/ s8 S8 f4 K) z6 w$ P& l( O
108. Detailed strike/ }& N& a+ n: c: {1 @4 u! m
109. Bumper strike
2 P7 e2 r8 p; ~ U, Y9 O 110. Slowdown strike! y4 J A' u! W; \" B
111. Working-to-rule strike
- h6 j/ E- Q* {4 H! a& x# ~ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& P; i0 @) F; K2 I 113. Strike by resignation
0 g8 m8 U* |8 \ 114. Limited strike4 Z w1 O; h7 j1 w& N$ q. D u
115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
3 L4 S1 k$ X( s/ M8 F& Q9 t
: t3 ^ K, A/ o, ]( x 116. Generalized strike. ?5 F( r6 o3 m( v, J6 R
) w) f3 G8 L/ X/ O 117. General strike' O* ]3 F5 |# b) V' N
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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. M5 E/ U4 ^, n8 x: k 118. Hartal5 J3 X m$ I2 h# F0 F2 r
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119. Economic shutdown% y l+ Q( K2 k! m" P
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 k& \; V+ z) B5 g8 a& w# x( w P
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3 k. x6 d6 a% |$ W* yRejection of Authority: a- K# j7 \ g4 A/ u E4 [
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 M6 k0 \% O5 l0 A 121. Refusal of public support
+ v0 q+ w, J' [+ o# P 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ V2 }/ r$ b* b2 _; ^1 |, v, M/ U5 n, J; G2 p. B
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 c- b* ]$ n" I% M 123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 g8 L2 I" z: } v* H
124. Boycott of elections. H( w9 w/ Y3 i4 h H" {, f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# _- l( w; h/ c- A2 O2 Z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 R% V8 I9 X6 ^6 o0 ?0 N 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ g+ y3 ~, U; Z5 {4 u# u6 _) U T
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 c4 A* g8 C8 _ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 C4 @1 u+ y2 a* g
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 [: X, U9 I3 J8 P, \ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& K o# A J- g R7 J
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% A& H4 e: P- ?/ b' t, s5 m+ n
) c8 o+ w+ b6 W% k! i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 Z/ o6 w3 n9 c 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. [, d9 |2 T& q1 t* o" X( i/ b1 X 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 L5 {! c# h" @7 _1 d2 m8 s 135. Popular nonobedience
3 f* h* v @5 w" K Q 136. Disguised disobedience! k |8 N# s; H: S- E) C; k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! X# U& `% i# f4 @5 F, j* k8 d& L
138. Sitdown
1 k* ~6 v, _; k# l1 p 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 o0 P) {4 `$ U* I 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ X( @/ E6 m9 v# c+ Y2 D" j+ H# W
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel$ ^ t. j* ?! x0 b( p
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- V5 l: b0 D- s5 D V 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
/ }1 x; `5 l; J' a 144. Stalling and obstruction$ a" V7 W2 \& {* V8 _0 K! n
145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
, i( g8 S. k8 T0 q/ L2 G D- S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" Z6 Y! Z- b m1 } t 148. Mutiny. Z* V5 O; _4 o7 t
Domestic Governmental Action
& M+ r* Z2 J) w 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# V) j. H5 K, m" u2 N1 V- s; W' W 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# Z5 T! p+ ~/ b* t i
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International Governmental Action" F2 u) g2 j3 V, {
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* ~& r% F" O/ b$ U. J2 R) m 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 T0 J$ }; N8 h7 C
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; n# F0 O- e0 \9 @ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* p. Y! a" ^+ J9 x0 v7 [ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 W! U: p8 Z7 s: H0 `: ~' N
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- t, s! o1 r$ C! I5 G% o# W) z
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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3 _2 `/ `3 v4 v2 [/ `6 sTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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" t0 w4 }& m/ g4 q' EPsychological Intervention# T7 }$ q$ Q3 g7 h; P
158. Self-exposure to the elements g! @* D/ _2 o
159. The fast
/ Z0 q( t8 [$ d: d t) b a) Fast of moral pressure4 [+ K* Q* z0 r
b) Hunger strike1 @. M5 f+ e+ u
c) Satyagrahic fast( y/ w5 f) `% M, o+ [9 D
160. Reverse trial
. j9 h" @, w% p8 v 161. Nonviolent harassment( u* o# J \9 k4 G/ n( u
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Physical Intervention
$ L5 Y" {* b i3 q& h 162. Sit-in5 b. ?+ r' [$ m2 T7 k
163. Stand-in7 A: K2 q" @! Z5 R. ]6 N# n3 ^
164. Ride-in1 J" I0 ]8 W# e1 n, b) V( i
165. Wade-in3 s. f* B' D9 A4 H- S+ s: \3 Q) F
166. Mill-in
0 O1 C+ Z: N) D- _/ e 167. Pray-in
$ o8 c$ m" [' Z! j9 V 168. Nonviolent raids a, }4 L Z- [
169. Nonviolent air raids
# [' a( g! ^9 b, [ o% r 170. Nonviolent invasion+ f, ~4 U5 H/ U& `
171. Nonviolent interjection
( Q1 [2 E; H$ z& ^4 ]6 f7 I 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! B% x/ S& b1 |- f# w2 u1 d 173. Nonviolent occupation
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8 B( T: v' T1 {! j) a( L7 p9 xSocial Intervention
& b |5 A; I7 b1 J4 P( } 174. Establishing new social patterns
- b. Z: l7 x0 A& G 175. Overloading of facilities8 z1 d3 o, U5 E
176. Stall-in
, |1 p4 R" ]( E5 m1 `6 G+ z 177. Speak-in- w! [9 F* \2 g7 A' f) {
178. Guerrilla theater
' F" K; H9 H* x 179. Alternative social institutions
- `) r7 ^# n' o3 Q 180. Alternative communication system
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% u$ K1 D9 N: O: i) V [5 B' h4 ~Economic Intervention
( s# x: U- q% M) X0 u 181. Reverse strike
/ X" M* W5 o2 m: x/ x4 G! d! ` 182. Stay-in strike3 |$ U p6 J6 T4 F0 b+ R
183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 |4 a, |& g) c" |: N7 \% _; t 184. Defiance of blockades
9 A( Q8 k, o1 F. P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 A4 F' o3 _( A/ D3 n$ ` 186. Preclusive purchasing% _ i, \; d- {
187. Seizure of assets" ^9 K) a: P/ E" t, u. l& Q
188. Dumping( T. b% P- z5 k7 b# ~
189. Selective patronage. Q6 b8 ^. l8 _: Y
190. Alternative markets! H! P) c9 }- _, l, x1 z0 P- b
191. Alternative transportation systems5 \( O; f, Z: Z$ D( e8 I
192. Alternative economic institutions! B9 z7 L4 y# {
5 f/ s0 p/ Q) q) X3 TPolitical Intervention
# l$ R: u1 i9 g( r2 M: ]) O# o* ]2 F 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 O, k3 b: q- b7 Z; l 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 r! j6 P( E s# o: U" C2 n 195. Seeking imprisonment
/ o$ n/ ~* u8 ~# Y# I# j 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* z4 z& ]% n: u! Z0 z# p6 y 197. Work-on without collaboration
9 R/ Y" c& }9 _: b 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
