 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 W X/ A7 P4 C9 ~% R {
Formal Statements3 A7 v4 i( t$ J* ?; `. G% m
1. Public Speeches
6 H) X/ l c# E 2. Letters of opposition or support
! P# G" r9 s& m) w+ G$ U 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; m2 a# h |1 b0 ]& c2 p
4. Signed public statements1 J$ ]$ O! x) H- C2 K$ |. S
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 j, T$ i- Y$ S9 z: d6 b
6. Group or mass petitions0 Q) m( y, V O( ?
. c" i1 a5 s) R; \- J
Communications with a Wider Audience( _1 S; B1 h- Q2 h* T
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: x v8 M/ h% n. N. M" n
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( o3 v* v; [' Z. ^+ r$ |
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ i. [3 U/ S- l- s% F" j- W& X
10. Newspapers and journals
, x5 k; I: I8 {' o( \* _' |: j 11. Records, radio, and television9 x) G* T8 m) g7 l
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# H/ a9 L% j" i+ ]9 c8 i8 P% h$ ]8 V
) o5 p% i8 ]/ Q1 f& u2 M5 qGroup Representations O% H$ L! m' c* }! b* t
13. Deputations
: O5 A+ j: y' ?9 v5 }0 n 14. Mock awards% C' [- e* E( z0 [4 L" h- O
15. Group lobbying2 O: }, r' h. X: {, D
16. Picketing! O# ^, D7 @# Q5 z# N6 C% T
17. Mock elections
! A1 t# o" H, o# x
9 X; B3 b" \8 I2 O- uSymbolic Public Acts
2 }: X. N+ B" D+ z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! U) H2 m" k6 s7 ~8 ?" C 19. Wearing of symbols+ H* C% M8 _' [5 L
20. Prayer and worship, n/ E7 n! U$ Z; ?
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 O' J' J' T% e P 22. Protest disrobings
3 E$ T" Y4 _* w$ n* G1 X 23. Destruction of own property
7 r: f, \* Y0 Z8 F: | 24. Symbolic lights
' l6 u( {! }# V: a5 C$ y. o 25. Displays of portraits$ L, h' v) T5 e' p5 w( x6 c
26. Paint as protest
n( M# K# g) v/ L 27. New signs and names0 f7 d5 A9 u5 f6 @/ y
28. Symbolic sounds+ d- h0 V, h- \0 t
29. Symbolic reclamations
! j9 l& M8 X7 W, m# I 30. Rude gestures7 c+ B9 w2 F! W2 N0 m7 i5 V* ?! m: w% i
/ x8 ^! w" m# g9 A# w) p- y ^
Pressures on Individuals
; b& s4 j8 r1 U- N 31. “Haunting” officials
* A" v4 ^# |) _, U. U+ s ]6 U 32. Taunting officials
5 N; @) S& _+ g 33. Fraternization
4 I: |/ {' ^( |% q: ^$ d2 h' p5 L 34. Vigils$ V5 G K4 K. ^2 N1 Y, I, F
: r8 |2 Y' K, Z4 Q0 }
Drama and Music
! Z2 |4 J0 Y$ G6 D$ I1 i- B 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ i; u, I. F1 Z# u' c0 q 36. Performances of plays and music
0 {5 ^1 ?9 P# Q( T" V! n$ K 37. Singing& `' y% |7 v3 x0 Q( Z* ?6 d' m, k
$ K, T0 S2 t0 i- ~6 I+ j( lProcessions$ t* \# e0 _, Y. z- D$ m& e8 ?
38. Marches% A+ P6 g+ K% t, m# C% y
39. Parades
$ w$ [ `& }* U! ]' r 40. Religious processions+ D! q+ o3 o* ^& M8 x% g
41. Pilgrimages* ]5 i1 z8 S, A0 v, }6 r a
42. Motorcades: ]: i& @' X# B( y4 q ~
0 E6 C: X9 R2 h! P5 d
Honoring the Dead
$ V5 f- F& l, C; M+ T 43. Political mourning1 F, Q! \' ?6 H) F
44. Mock funerals2 o+ Z* J# O: O* G; T
45. Demonstrative funerals
) t- ?! G7 A$ Q( `9 s 46. Homage at burial places' ^6 n9 Z# h0 H- p$ g! H- c6 X1 Y
0 m9 Q& _% C, `8 G9 P- ]Public Assemblies$ Q E2 `5 P& a# j
47. Assemblies of protest or support
; I, O4 v8 V) `; I+ P 48. Protest meetings1 L6 a# s0 N2 L! n& {8 p) n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" ^$ _4 p- ?" w6 P; D! `7 D) h
50. Teach-ins
7 Y% x9 ], q4 {. C, B. V1 x7 c' a. s" R" B4 e/ V/ y8 x s
Withdrawal and Renunciation
; \ f* Q' X( E 51. Walk-outs
% \6 Q9 @: `: n) \ 52. Silence7 q$ f( a$ i9 q* m
53. Renouncing honors
* o6 ^: L' |. O% m* s; n! }# }. d 54. Turning one’s back' v$ N) g/ H2 j7 `+ P P
; T! D2 t8 v0 r' j& d) H" a5 P/ ]
* H5 W1 H4 h9 Q& L3 Y2 E4 U7 ]0 s; u9 ]9 Z. @4 V e+ M
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 }: K- {/ o$ }' U( H) a+ A& H; G, O$ G. h
+ i' I& N0 p3 c3 e
7 i/ v. e6 i6 H- h- y3 ]* E" X. O! v- u2 d3 a. P7 `' o8 d
Ostracism of Persons, Z8 w* f6 }' Z" a" S/ O
55. Social boycott% W; x% H2 T" z' H
56. Selective social boycott. |) ~- F$ j! J7 o9 _
57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ Y/ h, B' Y L+ m 58. Excommunication
' K5 V6 o4 o& V 59. Interdict1 y- `3 l% J6 n
4 u( d% n+ w1 r' `: d$ t2 _. n
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! L9 G# o7 N; f* V7 `
60. Suspension of social and sports activities. I; H" b" I2 v& D
61. Boycott of social affairs: Q( t i# }8 s6 h$ G4 h
62. Student strike2 {! M% Q" I; l1 A& w4 G
63. Social disobedience
8 [" \8 C' c" I- y 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
, W0 V( ?+ k1 f6 C. R* f0 {7 |0 S, |* t1 {) ^
Withdrawal from the Social System4 Z- d% r' d L' J9 B- E
65. Stay-at-home
- H1 M* X: h( t 66. Total personal noncooperation% ]1 X& N2 m4 q% f* t& q( D& ^ R
67. “Flight” of workers
% Q @0 X3 K8 c. | 68. Sanctuary; Y/ n$ B9 o* k7 q* K: k
69. Collective disappearance; G, w1 [, E0 a- v% E! S
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
4 w0 \- l: Y$ U2 g6 K2 r. o1 Q
1 Q# A4 L0 m+ C7 |+ b8 P ( p, Y6 ]0 A4 n$ V# z, Y( b
# x" y/ R2 J0 ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 }) K- W/ S2 i/ z$ G
6 q" `/ ?$ m' ^% f! I/ B: P; ]
3 R* O" u: R: z9 s, {7 |/ W @Actions by Consumers
: W8 D2 Q! B4 Y& J$ @$ S 71. Consumers’ boycott
0 q' [' @, k) Q( R2 t# x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods O( E+ x4 F! g( E& Z! a3 |' X
73. Policy of austerity! d- P! [+ `) k1 S7 T0 K V
74. Rent withholding* T& s* p/ g3 o" i) m% P1 n
75. Refusal to rent+ C! }$ k7 S& U4 r1 }4 K, S
76. National consumers’ boycott
1 m# d( ]' [; B8 W. y 77. International consumers’ boycott! n) S( n: @! N4 b4 X( ^9 R: z1 g
, K- a1 K4 s+ v. g5 o3 T
Action by Workers and Producers
9 l9 W4 n$ G# Z+ i" k 78. Workmen’s boycott; Y- y+ F+ v J! G5 r; n9 ~! @
79. Producers’ boycott$ \/ f$ s v6 C5 Q9 K6 O
( {, j2 Y, _" g/ WAction by Middlemen3 @- I! ]$ h9 b7 B
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; O$ h1 B! |) ^5 M: H( b
) F9 J* n8 z/ G1 fAction by Owners and Management i5 F7 w: [ t- D G" e
81. Traders’ boycott4 L- t9 a& |5 Y+ A; a# q- o
82. Refusal to let or sell property* @! n" `# M: b8 Q3 I
83. Lockout
: h1 d" K3 ?3 p: M. d 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; q- N. _3 }' T% P, {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”' p# D& A# t. M# J, V0 y& ]
3 b6 Y3 @6 t( w% ~# ~' x, r
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
8 h* `7 Q4 K* }$ Z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 [+ c- n4 {9 C( Z5 ` N9 v: O
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 r0 S/ s4 R% ^: m+ M+ G9 ~ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) A( p1 k! n6 ^& F
89. Severance of funds and credit
( U* H) N/ N+ G 90. Revenue refusal
% D7 W/ h. J* x6 H% G8 \/ C/ D" `1 H 91. Refusal of a government’s money
: K% R- ?- m- U7 H: [" Q* X
' O' n4 _4 h5 E& p* `Action by Governments
, ?* n; }" b- N% Z0 J 92. Domestic embargo1 t6 f* w8 J! i t% h2 ~
93. Blacklisting of traders
" E3 k8 A' [! M. Z7 P, C9 l( z 94. International sellers’ embargo0 `$ k8 j9 p, d/ c B4 b: U; ?
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 l& h8 {; I4 S) W. M 96. International trade embargo
- o$ D+ d6 L8 s9 }, z
* ^4 ~$ C7 F2 B) X; l2 M& q+ N" N! o - _" W/ g% ^9 V& I0 Q9 {. |) E
- v5 {2 x- Q( t/ i r0 e: kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: z m: `- t8 M- ^! r/ X( Y( d
@( x, j8 p) f7 w5 ?* l1 ] : B! g/ I% L3 U8 k; L! a8 [4 |
Symbolic Strikes/ t- B7 U9 H, r) X9 m
97. Protest strike
7 Z3 H5 D w$ r* e 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 M, i) a+ [: S
$ a3 ]* Y. `2 s4 [& A6 `Agricultural Strikes# w: h5 ? m) m! k& U5 L6 x9 _ K, P
99. Peasant strike. v" B3 f0 b6 m$ O7 t) G
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ T1 t' `6 t6 X9 z
% Y( k6 Y2 S! h+ MStrikes by Special Groups7 Z% G: m- Q Q# ~ ]; v! ~* n1 V) Y
101. Refusal of impressed labor* r2 G4 d2 }) d$ G5 d
102. Prisoners’ strike
. G0 Q& a" V% ]: D+ `# d 103. Craft strike- b9 X8 H1 _, B, U, W
104. Professional strike
# E# |: M( h8 f6 n
% r% w% Z# t& k3 p5 hOrdinary Industrial Strikes/ Q$ s" t2 w/ K& L- {
105. Establishment strike0 W/ o% K0 j \1 `% ]& x. m0 |
106. Industry strike! x# y: g# _' T) g0 w
107. Sympathetic strike+ w$ s/ Q7 m" ~( q( _
# M. g& K& Z1 z. C# v7 ZRestricted Strikes7 j; H# ~% {3 |( r
108. Detailed strike
3 l0 J) ?7 v5 a- t! A8 p# j* f# e 109. Bumper strike% Y5 f; r5 O" F% d% F- O) C
110. Slowdown strike
, a2 Y" o% ?5 S9 U8 Z 111. Working-to-rule strike9 Q7 C/ U/ Z# L, o
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' \) O$ ^, E* y 113. Strike by resignation
; V$ w% e5 Z4 Y5 o$ ] 114. Limited strike; `+ [ B& B: z% V1 ` w& S r
115. Selective strike: @* _6 V( f" B
+ q1 ~$ p- a6 q# R @
Multi-Industry Strikes
6 X9 u& j: _! E6 a+ L& p
: U5 h% F4 v7 H) ]' Z. Z 116. Generalized strike
4 x# {/ c; P$ q! m( h1 d: m) {+ t) _! L: f. y: G, O1 Q2 c O
117. General strike8 E5 F* t) d" f! ^
' Q4 u/ h$ L$ ~
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- a5 M7 n r- o: |+ t
2 l* s$ {6 P4 M! O 118. Hartal, s2 [" V6 t- g5 ] T8 o& R# [
! T' F- s( M; I/ {4 S 119. Economic shutdown- e% R$ p) \: ~0 |+ \# C
$ L, J( V) ?! o$ {% D
H8 d9 D7 e+ ]+ U# k) e1 T6 g' O ~
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
8 G/ f) k2 K0 ?& X/ N, W0 M5 h! }* C3 O" C5 z2 j( ^# _
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Rejection of Authority
% c, e7 U/ ]* b2 |) m 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ A" q4 V6 P/ M1 V 121. Refusal of public support
5 B: V" [( V8 }8 h' U- V" e 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! r. F& |. C; P+ D6 d
$ E5 s: e7 ^5 e! e, TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. d9 H. X) g& d" o5 N 123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 p0 P& N3 E' [# I
124. Boycott of elections K8 l+ v' V/ E! N
125. Boycott of government employment and positions: A/ G; j. y* Y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
R* K' t, D8 j/ ^( z/ E4 _, V 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, Y N; ?5 a g/ S3 _ n
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" c' q2 d0 ?. d: l/ W+ h, Y% _9 L
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 @- T$ i2 |8 q 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 g6 j6 _% R$ X6 u& U( H C 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( o( C- ?1 }3 X8 ^1 ?
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' h, q7 M7 m2 m: t3 f
' Q5 N) Z+ A, e/ r: `: n5 D2 QCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* x1 b& y! N( \0 k. X' _. V+ n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 g* E2 f6 A/ S$ b
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 K9 Y7 n, G! S2 p 135. Popular nonobedience: c9 @# s/ T3 y5 w
136. Disguised disobedience6 g3 |) f% q+ `$ ?+ V
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: }% U6 v) }- v$ r
138. Sitdown
+ X5 h4 b9 h1 S* ?9 M# X" C 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ v5 M X& ~8 g0 g( l 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# V3 a. _1 C+ R; y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, ~3 f7 }) D8 i( O( q- J6 P% Z# t" ^6 m* x
Action by Government Personnel
8 U/ v2 r% S/ W0 z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ U/ \( {' L9 W2 o0 p 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 d5 X( f+ q3 k: z0 s0 L0 I; z' \ 144. Stalling and obstruction
( Z. K% S, Q" Q' i3 K/ Q1 r, r 145. General administrative noncooperation* F7 m) {# x/ v5 G! ~$ z# }% L
+ \' T0 q- |5 h) h- \8 ] c
146. Judicial noncooperation
T7 h' O; w* C$ m# s 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents k8 ?# A4 L! ]
148. Mutiny
; M# K' e9 v: VDomestic Governmental Action' ?9 ` W7 Y$ s$ c
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 L" d# k" x) s4 X
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 P" y5 t9 F" ^6 L7 D u
4 x+ Y' j& H& i/ H- ^9 }. ~ o0 sInternational Governmental Action0 B2 C3 |0 y* m6 [# R( q, n3 R
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 ?3 P! T, j z+ e2 `0 ~" v _( w
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# v& c3 d6 q: S# @& }& }5 ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ C$ N. Y8 X8 D+ P$ J9 v( b! h 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" i( V( c1 R8 {
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' d+ k2 j, ~- G8 e( T" l, ` 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ S+ U* Y" _4 y8 R5 q: z 157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 |% c- v' h. V( C5 Z; p
- }5 `- |2 _: r, ?% {# z9 a+ B, ~+ b ' T7 y4 |4 h2 |& z; r, d
, C) m& D3 P; Y. YTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 l2 B/ F; g* t% k
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Psychological Intervention
2 J5 a9 [2 J% K) X. R 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 i$ o5 L5 P9 M
159. The fast
3 k5 Z- r# W5 t3 k$ Q6 S8 j; _. N a) Fast of moral pressure9 E9 b) ~. e4 k/ e) A
b) Hunger strike
! W6 H* F8 ~. u' i L9 L, ?. j c) Satyagrahic fast& }; N/ K/ c& T2 H
160. Reverse trial! t; L. q- U; O0 s
161. Nonviolent harassment
) O5 Z4 |! t& U( Y9 e4 B
2 n' E T2 k# E$ rPhysical Intervention
. S" C$ O- r( [( T8 J; e* T 162. Sit-in* u3 l. n# C! N4 Y: s/ B% A
163. Stand-in) t& g) W; i; g& P; C9 g; }
164. Ride-in
+ s3 W1 C1 T. G' T, ` 165. Wade-in
- U. N$ | N. A% F0 [0 A- t# x" n 166. Mill-in
( k6 ^( }. Q7 c" \5 c p& {& |+ H 167. Pray-in7 ?) d/ {4 P! R( V
168. Nonviolent raids
2 ~/ x8 s# E4 L 169. Nonviolent air raids9 x) O. N1 f! D/ ]% Q4 S4 E
170. Nonviolent invasion
3 O6 {; x1 o* N 171. Nonviolent interjection
' U3 f: g" g' D! N) }6 N5 y 172. Nonviolent obstruction4 n: k/ G: O0 X) Y# [
173. Nonviolent occupation' r8 _3 j9 |1 E1 R$ a& `5 i
& X) \0 d* c; o3 d' j, w. F1 y
Social Intervention3 ]$ R8 |5 s- n/ ?# X
174. Establishing new social patterns
& P) v p/ g- p3 h# m5 t; w. N. _ 175. Overloading of facilities
4 m9 X2 V; ` H* l( }0 H0 ] 176. Stall-in; e, o2 n4 i' q
177. Speak-in
+ q" v4 z) z& @. c5 j6 U+ e' N N* } 178. Guerrilla theater Q( e8 g$ \; V( e/ y3 f
179. Alternative social institutions
; Q+ o1 ^0 j6 G' y; |7 V o9 [ 180. Alternative communication system
" @% ]! x& Z- ~2 R6 F% a4 ^4 U$ d/ q H Z! v$ f) w
Economic Intervention u' i( l4 b( f% |3 K' C
181. Reverse strike' J, _6 i& m/ T3 D5 M; Z
182. Stay-in strike
! Y- _, C P9 Z& F 183. Nonviolent land seizure
& P' ]3 L6 i. x3 p1 f 184. Defiance of blockades
0 N- _: W4 Y3 ]3 S; C, y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ X/ ]8 ?% W7 v0 m, Y! Y 186. Preclusive purchasing
# U. j9 x) \5 W3 Y9 E, ^ 187. Seizure of assets7 h* l) [3 w' ]( ^3 J
188. Dumping
& ? j3 F" Y( h/ ]2 W9 j% r) N 189. Selective patronage* q; b$ h" N( d8 J7 }3 F# u$ s
190. Alternative markets
2 v1 c$ N. m0 G! ^; q7 | 191. Alternative transportation systems
7 @& d! W, s/ N3 h8 a& q 192. Alternative economic institutions% y- P; I4 P+ P9 e
/ M& O3 A- m7 SPolitical Intervention
* G6 y Y7 Y/ ?( e; t3 v 193. Overloading of administrative systems* c# j- ?/ P0 Q4 ?$ ?& P
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 j# W* x. E- s; C1 Q- ~
195. Seeking imprisonment
* I4 _* I! u+ }, O: P 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( `$ L" o3 z8 G0 S: t9 L! o5 { 197. Work-on without collaboration4 P! g3 ^# H7 f6 c& D/ n
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 W( t# v& \0 Z; U# b4 Z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
