 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; T3 G/ N0 m; v" L
Formal Statements3 W9 n. d6 L2 [! x6 E! |2 V1 v% v
1. Public Speeches* `) W' }% p7 |6 H
2. Letters of opposition or support
0 Q, r, N1 q) F; V- k+ K 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ ^: ~1 k9 x- o2 j5 Q: h. I
4. Signed public statements2 ]7 Y s% y6 Q, ^1 T8 I, @1 Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) [3 j& d* @4 a 6. Group or mass petitions" h1 X; [( ^! m) k" R# L4 S
# b M) _2 }5 k5 Y& LCommunications with a Wider Audience
- e5 a0 Z0 ^/ @4 S: Q% S2 u 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 m/ n1 H( I* S( ?2 @$ z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 L8 F9 M& O1 h# ^5 Z# r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ D7 R2 |1 H4 P; s/ D
10. Newspapers and journals# [! p5 M$ G0 f; V) P4 U+ u" }
11. Records, radio, and television3 Z) w7 b& @1 s! f5 U- ^+ w2 H8 B
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ L0 h# p5 Z' w5 S3 M7 j4 r
- ^( O' D' N) l' Z& }Group Representations9 r+ M4 s. B R
13. Deputations0 z) x% |* E8 a6 ]
14. Mock awards5 q/ \9 d9 o' O3 {' D7 h
15. Group lobbying4 ?1 b! {. L+ X; I9 Y+ X% }7 S
16. Picketing
. a p6 c- u. B6 n O: _/ n5 F a 17. Mock elections
: i5 b8 `1 W8 `& c, Z1 _2 O$ Z l, _+ T% z* W: p, z
Symbolic Public Acts) v1 o/ K4 k+ p- q: C# N
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, O+ C6 G0 l* q- d4 W
19. Wearing of symbols/ ?( b: `( {: V' w
20. Prayer and worship! F) C9 M) Q1 f( D
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 z: o" V0 T4 p2 b8 K5 J( F/ A( ~ 22. Protest disrobings
" I/ r" w; p% F: m6 T4 W7 x1 L3 _ 23. Destruction of own property0 j- p# y4 O$ G2 c% P O
24. Symbolic lights
. b" h+ p# A# @" z8 h 25. Displays of portraits
0 K5 x% H0 z& h 26. Paint as protest4 c% M: d' ^3 [% g; {3 }! o2 Y2 I
27. New signs and names; b* v) @5 T& ?9 B: @( y$ J* B
28. Symbolic sounds
4 o. m. B; |8 z 29. Symbolic reclamations
4 M% F4 m9 C7 h6 E- @5 s- d( k0 o! k4 P 30. Rude gestures
/ s1 h7 ]0 x( b# |! u0 ]! d( E# n- T( b( A4 z2 T' o
Pressures on Individuals$ g3 w% B4 G- m/ \# ^; I
31. “Haunting” officials5 n: A! s' r( ~
32. Taunting officials
; s* T) s: ~* @: \; ^! ~ 33. Fraternization: b, \6 D) L. U
34. Vigils
7 r. V7 h. N' |$ e: k4 i& }& s y3 X+ y s2 y0 i! F; D
Drama and Music( s0 D Y' \; S8 m
35. Humorous skits and pranks( f" w( K. V( x" h( D8 N
36. Performances of plays and music
- W* T0 E+ b; o 37. Singing
, n0 W# X K) C2 e% |: W7 k% ?% U) Y* A' ^4 b4 h. a
Processions! A# `( W; m) ~" b V# J
38. Marches& v: b% A! U- @7 R, z4 E+ S- E+ |0 t
39. Parades! g3 t+ o p' R5 G: Q W
40. Religious processions
8 W4 `" H/ j( F 41. Pilgrimages$ @- |: G7 C# h" D
42. Motorcades! z2 o7 E$ f: L$ K2 f, [+ J
# Z9 f+ L7 g; P( i; DHonoring the Dead
& U C$ b( a4 ~% |7 x! E, C 43. Political mourning( B6 K B9 ` w$ i* U9 J+ R! a6 q
44. Mock funerals
) n2 E* j3 ^4 t- p 45. Demonstrative funerals
# V+ A1 K6 s. I) I6 _1 t8 i 46. Homage at burial places: z! Z! Q. |; F* q1 U
{- p( v" ]+ `* q
Public Assemblies u; S; M( Y: K& a( o' Y/ |
47. Assemblies of protest or support; y# b9 w8 G' ^( j
48. Protest meetings( v: q7 Y! e' J9 Z0 k; H }. S5 P: S) E
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: G" x4 d4 U7 a$ h6 ^+ q/ N4 C 50. Teach-ins6 t0 Q6 Z i' d/ ~4 [5 d
b1 ]+ x# p- j/ ]& IWithdrawal and Renunciation6 S6 G7 A/ j- H9 X. v
51. Walk-outs, I% `% g$ t h A* F
52. Silence5 U( ^* t8 y h! J L
53. Renouncing honors- ^' M; G* V. v5 q
54. Turning one’s back
) U6 s! ]: A" q) @) w }1 D4 C& I) B# _% I% h
}# @0 d* |; h- F* e
& f0 X a3 O6 s4 TTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- Y# U: K8 B/ M. m# Q
9 m: F& o5 U( R4 P0 I1 z& q ) T' |! L2 g8 @% ^7 H" N
6 {5 R* m* I9 L0 }! ?. _
Ostracism of Persons9 ~5 a1 Y7 R2 g( q( ^# n% b
55. Social boycott7 L1 f9 Q3 d- H; |" Z( K
56. Selective social boycott* S% Z& e0 d$ g& _5 ^8 p! l
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; T/ Q5 s4 ~1 X, L 58. Excommunication
& m! w+ V9 g6 t6 B( h, R1 S 59. Interdict! @$ s, s8 C/ D' ~9 ?6 n
2 j6 z# j3 d6 H' b3 h( PNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 ]6 [* r3 M. s& V& z: Q 60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 q5 ?* V) }* U( u* A3 Z
61. Boycott of social affairs( K$ w% ^$ d) o, h
62. Student strike0 [. Y. `# {+ b' S$ D; a1 U; }
63. Social disobedience% q! f1 {3 Z, y4 J
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% f% W" l* d5 r
9 _. m D& ^: U" H" r/ }9 R% hWithdrawal from the Social System
: X4 X+ S- ^4 y; Z4 A6 U8 L0 N6 } 65. Stay-at-home
; r9 [9 Y3 m* L# s 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ F% _3 D0 i8 F9 c+ k0 s# H% h/ I0 ] 67. “Flight” of workers
* `% V: |7 E; [* t) o 68. Sanctuary- |- r7 m( k# `: o5 F- ~6 N" B
69. Collective disappearance6 O# k. f: o$ k
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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2 [9 d; n+ p; b& f1 I3 I. u4 Y
" J' t# F) K. P# m, y0 kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
q& M4 B3 r9 J% b. M B2 H% _
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, I* Q3 ?" W8 P6 G y+ U* lActions by Consumers9 e7 B, ^* E0 {( \$ q2 n
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 m, n/ e1 m6 {2 r2 A* |6 V$ H) W! d 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: X) h- |/ T2 U B( h 73. Policy of austerity. b0 C& Q9 O0 K5 F$ l+ B( p4 m3 {
74. Rent withholding
: H7 z1 Z+ t5 b7 | 75. Refusal to rent
7 I6 E0 P* W* L- K5 b 76. National consumers’ boycott# R% ~7 B6 B: ~7 g8 F) T5 T) V
77. International consumers’ boycott: O6 G7 R$ s6 y
) G3 `7 K; |% `- O6 I+ z
Action by Workers and Producers
" {* V; p0 }+ X$ B 78. Workmen’s boycott" p1 n$ C" b- C6 r- j
79. Producers’ boycott
: x% B8 E" i7 |& z* |5 y
3 a1 D/ z/ b3 z* ^+ CAction by Middlemen8 c m, w: {0 B
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 c; K9 P+ q3 }8 s* x
4 g p- f( T) vAction by Owners and Management) ?1 z1 \8 e8 d- u- t3 p- v
81. Traders’ boycott
) ?2 ^8 I$ H) i 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 p8 `8 D4 G1 {! ?7 j2 u 83. Lockout
0 A& S1 E# T. ]. g, ?3 e6 i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance* v+ ]; c; j9 U; m- {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 W" }, i) G2 c! c+ Z# ~
# L8 u$ L: d& V M" R; v4 ?, c
Action by Holders of Financial Resources' R* H1 b' O6 f
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) L Z/ P2 r8 y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 W; v% b* u1 n# x" t 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( r! N3 L- T4 ^6 n$ t 89. Severance of funds and credit2 @8 w6 }$ {. D
90. Revenue refusal
# \1 v* Y, S# {& A3 S 91. Refusal of a government’s money5 A5 O% t' I# t7 F a2 v; E; G) r, S' F
( A: Y' s1 ~7 w, U5 CAction by Governments
# j% Q. G4 a8 B( B 92. Domestic embargo
0 V, n& a, m* ^( ]0 | 93. Blacklisting of traders
1 M q0 t6 H! e 94. International sellers’ embargo
: A1 E4 ]! V6 v0 g2 n0 Y 95. International buyers’ embargo
% X! n8 v9 K6 l$ |+ u 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 y/ y8 R- Y! A$ @7 q
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1 m5 a. g# j3 q! K1 {1 K3 x- V- l
Symbolic Strikes
+ X) Q- n$ q6 Z 97. Protest strike# F3 G- p$ K1 ]+ T
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ t9 w# }+ e! P4 x. w1 \3 c0 o2 @* h3 \! C3 _3 J, t% V7 C" l
Agricultural Strikes' }$ x$ e g: p5 R: n0 p+ q
99. Peasant strike
( k8 k z4 I; o# y% d S1 e 100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 E# f. [- H0 r( z3 j2 s2 E6 D- u. D
Strikes by Special Groups& H! K. D/ ? W4 H7 ]& S
101. Refusal of impressed labor
# l Q% p" c# H& N4 [$ I 102. Prisoners’ strike5 K1 ]- @ R, C0 d f4 W
103. Craft strike
0 [! j3 L5 s& ^6 a2 |9 {& A- ~ 104. Professional strike
( t( K! j$ @- z& Y6 B) C
+ {8 O9 r) t$ t2 `/ p& LOrdinary Industrial Strikes" V9 b h0 m0 j! Y4 v
105. Establishment strike
0 y# \8 E; V' f1 P' Z# n 106. Industry strike
+ n) W1 I' G$ r6 n I1 s 107. Sympathetic strike
3 m4 |/ d) t- v G0 e0 B( l
& R8 i) a# ~, f; YRestricted Strikes" r7 B- \' L6 Z( v" |: R
108. Detailed strike5 f4 {+ t1 P. Z, ~- u) x0 f, ~
109. Bumper strike( d! m1 i, M5 E) m7 K4 k# D7 y8 R
110. Slowdown strike
; f4 j& ~( q1 M: z T& ]' D. Z 111. Working-to-rule strike
- K7 z6 X `3 i3 @4 [5 h6 A 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 S! X3 [5 T4 y$ ~2 I
113. Strike by resignation% B I8 \1 |- _
114. Limited strike
4 j' I$ C& y4 D3 R6 a 115. Selective strike [6 Q+ Y& G& }" n$ ~' R0 u
0 z) t- _ [* w& {; h( Z
Multi-Industry Strikes
# ]% J5 x5 x. t1 \ N% B$ U8 W5 v- g
116. Generalized strike
4 O4 f! X" Z( L( k
7 ~8 ~; E E; I0 y2 y/ Q7 ` 117. General strike
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% D1 ?: Q2 a- l$ j4 e0 x. p1 hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 t( A( g; M4 S4 L
2 [3 o$ u& Q6 Q0 `8 g* L 118. Hartal
9 i8 [% E# ~' U1 _3 @
# f! J' G7 ]1 {$ j, X" M- e& b 119. Economic shutdown
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- @" U; }* R3 x5 q( ?THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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* ^, l9 j5 X/ w, |; E7 {
7 a$ B% P$ R, X) `Rejection of Authority
: i; {/ d3 _9 m+ z. @. u' F* ^* u 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 Z3 ]4 w4 i+ [' [, e3 Q 121. Refusal of public support( E/ |# t, k, t5 V, _
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ o0 X$ P/ p; H* v$ I
4 Q/ Y {: V1 ?7 k% @Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ T! Y. p( l. a- ~; d, I, ] v 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) H! A$ f0 _0 R7 @' P9 E 124. Boycott of elections5 i: h* w, Y- R! e8 h& e
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( [2 B; R& s% x F* z. P" K" z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! ^( s; w% Y; v; F, I. T% g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* G3 \$ z- @) N
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ M* W2 Q& I9 K$ g1 d( p 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* g) ?/ s& y. Q0 w% Z' M) {! E2 N" M
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 L- p8 u5 @/ y- R6 P7 c+ F 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; x* [( z: F" Y4 r3 M" B9 t 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
: A) {( E {, C9 F* H' y( W8 d" l2 v" B: n4 h" N4 m
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* X( a) J; x: _* F5 ~) u0 o6 }8 F/ E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 s, _- S: u1 r4 `6 \! g
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) |% I! e6 y$ M6 P4 L) y# g 135. Popular nonobedience# B$ z# K. j) ^
136. Disguised disobedience
5 F( U# ^' d7 F1 ^+ j4 w3 h 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' S, a T2 ^) ? 138. Sitdown
) `1 k4 Y# P) @, Y$ Q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% v* \1 _1 ?7 w( b
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! J ^; a8 u v" |3 @' b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' O: C/ B" E! n1 R7 V2 s
" O6 [6 V& A# g2 QAction by Government Personnel% Q4 x/ p% E* u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 k/ X' I" `% m0 O 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 k; D) `; j6 h9 o0 [. U) f. t 144. Stalling and obstruction4 f' x6 ?: ~& i& t( B+ Q$ d! _0 \2 G5 i
145. General administrative noncooperation
& b- `# b; i& X A0 w
6 k+ U$ T$ Q4 l3 L8 z) Q 146. Judicial noncooperation& Q. n B- N/ G K, {5 e
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents p3 f( G) Z$ \6 @ u8 i& h5 {+ ?
148. Mutiny. f6 K3 T$ c* ^/ V) {7 q
Domestic Governmental Action
! y. d* X0 x* J7 k5 e# U9 | 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 P1 }, n" u2 R6 ~
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) o t- X" I4 ?5 W! F; j' M T
5 A( K; r7 h3 D/ q
International Governmental Action
/ i C$ c9 i- z" k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 k* c* N W" _% J. r* r1 e! g 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ ^* X7 Z0 M9 b
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
" T+ D' w' M* e0 W2 V 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" H6 A9 E/ H1 v; I. p! J
155. Withdrawal from international organizations. w- b* Q' E) `* F. k6 m
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies t+ v) w& F$ Z0 l# B% A2 E
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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6 O m7 {: H+ h9 }0 M/ GTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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$ K- Q1 O. [3 l' ePsychological Intervention5 M' s) P0 N+ q O+ x* B# Y
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 t, W. b, u1 r6 w4 @ 159. The fast
: Y& ^7 _1 A5 d9 b a) Fast of moral pressure4 s6 N/ ~( w% G5 n5 Y* N
b) Hunger strike5 `' I+ f7 x! g6 P% W+ N
c) Satyagrahic fast I6 G% g+ o6 z3 A+ s# n/ r2 R
160. Reverse trial
8 q0 H2 r* v* m* |6 M# ]9 s 161. Nonviolent harassment0 P) P7 d7 F* w# r: d. n
+ r2 E0 y3 ?1 m, BPhysical Intervention
9 G, w* D) S6 g p( m+ e 162. Sit-in6 @1 o! O- F) ` ~! C5 n
163. Stand-in; G3 ~% W( m7 D# p, ^3 i$ G
164. Ride-in
, H; p$ c( k% z$ O: y) N 165. Wade-in4 [2 q; H4 B$ S
166. Mill-in$ n, G4 \; o m2 w
167. Pray-in
# G! i- c! d8 r6 M2 o 168. Nonviolent raids, z2 Z2 {. c7 n9 ?
169. Nonviolent air raids; Q2 r$ i9 k" Q# K) |
170. Nonviolent invasion$ {: e+ i+ G& J' v$ ?* w$ N
171. Nonviolent interjection
1 Q! W v" }2 u 172. Nonviolent obstruction* Y1 y F* |2 Q7 X
173. Nonviolent occupation
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W& r/ S$ m) X' H" G: _- n! uSocial Intervention
$ _. I* n' F: `, h+ @; S 174. Establishing new social patterns
" J: P. t7 K5 }6 H' K 175. Overloading of facilities
; [+ a6 ~: F! z1 x- a6 L. @6 v& p 176. Stall-in
/ g- u) F9 r: I" R 177. Speak-in
( P# D3 \2 g! ?, N 178. Guerrilla theater8 [% e& m$ H) [ ?
179. Alternative social institutions) F7 K( c0 b. @
180. Alternative communication system, Q' o+ Q9 }3 q" {1 Q
$ S$ S' i- K8 f
Economic Intervention
& {( \; Q9 C6 a! Z% g! h# C 181. Reverse strike, ?4 U0 n/ r$ ]( T- x2 c" U8 B
182. Stay-in strike
. F8 X- D- {, R8 H6 X0 `1 g 183. Nonviolent land seizure. N9 x& I2 y! u; ^
184. Defiance of blockades) s& F6 W2 _! o9 B/ S& D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
+ H4 \1 f3 Q6 I& S" W2 I 186. Preclusive purchasing; L4 o [' p$ f9 ?7 d
187. Seizure of assets
|4 S5 Z6 G$ ?$ Q* k 188. Dumping
' f7 P# K% m! _ 189. Selective patronage/ U; L0 q+ ?' q3 M9 J1 E
190. Alternative markets
% J) G. O0 y) |& k 191. Alternative transportation systems
! u }: p+ l/ E2 I4 Q% N 192. Alternative economic institutions3 X3 c3 U: j: S3 W
6 R$ k: s, b# X' k/ i" i0 \
Political Intervention
# Z5 Z5 x+ Q5 c9 \# f6 Z4 C 193. Overloading of administrative systems
# N* ?9 r" h1 j3 v) h$ E. c 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( B6 {* Y- f; }* s$ V; C, P 195. Seeking imprisonment; d' o- c- J2 _( B% f
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; f* I5 a; e/ c! S6 Y
197. Work-on without collaboration
: i. Q2 \" n$ s+ k) S5 ? 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% S) [7 G1 s* ` c/ Y: k
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
