 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& p* f* H, H- y. |
Formal Statements
$ h8 Y# o5 U: v 1. Public Speeches' Y: V/ _* n' e# V0 K
2. Letters of opposition or support
, M) [" z5 x0 R4 k 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ K* o* P& h% ^5 @, G6 }
4. Signed public statements
, g* J) D- s, D3 ^: u3 o1 w 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# i7 A V! C7 k' N/ O0 C 6. Group or mass petitions
& y) e$ K& _ P1 k: w' A4 ^
7 O) a- e5 ~% e+ ?1 Q1 ]Communications with a Wider Audience
8 F! } C1 N! X1 U# M* w, P2 r 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 p s8 R, h" T% k3 d) p
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ h- R. J8 @7 F9 i( ~
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ a4 g5 G) a3 Q( F 10. Newspapers and journals
) a. l4 D/ I5 N( n+ V0 X/ w 11. Records, radio, and television2 Y( O8 g5 ^. M; Z& R# S
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& U4 w; X8 C, ]: m
5 ?4 Z4 ^" \! \Group Representations6 H7 Z V7 Z' s2 `
13. Deputations
0 ~7 c9 Z4 d+ c' ^$ i8 ^9 X 14. Mock awards
6 z4 O/ _+ U% C0 u 15. Group lobbying
3 l b3 z. h& e6 i, C 16. Picketing) L! }1 v8 i! `; m& v; b, Q
17. Mock elections2 G8 N" G! K3 E# o9 P: t4 \
D: H1 _9 ~$ D9 e2 z$ `- ?Symbolic Public Acts6 A3 E! F' }# A3 l; K# `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 S% ?$ l/ a9 @3 n3 `5 S
19. Wearing of symbols3 O X4 b3 m+ J2 h0 V
20. Prayer and worship. R! B3 i+ u, C* \5 `
21. Delivering symbolic objects0 B _3 I. h I+ w- e
22. Protest disrobings
7 X' Q4 `: H4 b$ u6 L* p. }" Z 23. Destruction of own property
; v7 ?; k" G( d0 v 24. Symbolic lights
# E' m6 S( a* U! X$ S2 v" H 25. Displays of portraits
# j7 @0 C$ `. {/ B; B' C5 I L6 b 26. Paint as protest# N" v) |6 D- x$ U
27. New signs and names5 J* ?* A+ |5 O- m- G
28. Symbolic sounds# e* Q N, s$ \& u {6 S
29. Symbolic reclamations8 E3 j3 O7 @: z4 i. J% P2 P& i8 |
30. Rude gestures2 y2 C% ^ R/ T9 d2 ^0 g+ J
+ Y9 k, v' U6 a" X @- BPressures on Individuals# \: W4 {' j1 @: { Y' O
31. “Haunting” officials- g. e& B) h3 q
32. Taunting officials
# P6 I7 z" d0 L$ A' l 33. Fraternization( n# O9 ~6 K7 r1 C0 Z, s+ O9 X
34. Vigils
. b# T) Z5 V: s! ^8 C! @+ D% u6 ^. p
Drama and Music
$ | D( \2 r' K, \ I" Q 35. Humorous skits and pranks% ?1 Y9 {; F9 x+ ]4 ?7 a0 A
36. Performances of plays and music1 S( K; @1 C9 h3 Q5 W4 [
37. Singing, }. r+ ] E/ j+ U9 W( ~9 `1 N
( j1 ?) |) R& zProcessions: @( V+ t. N/ M: S/ M
38. Marches
& k, I9 ^1 S' A- X( x/ b% i 39. Parades+ D* y: E# o" L) i4 g) w
40. Religious processions& Q/ B" ?4 b: u% f, e0 L* B/ z
41. Pilgrimages
* @& x+ x9 P/ n2 g1 z1 ~# }6 A 42. Motorcades
! y& P- Q# X# ~' V+ M8 q; q: a' S2 S1 F
Honoring the Dead
- k- K$ v8 s" M' L5 o! W 43. Political mourning9 t5 l% g. `8 `4 X _2 @
44. Mock funerals
" M. t$ Z4 O* c" @& l- p1 c 45. Demonstrative funerals- M$ n& {8 E. u. O
46. Homage at burial places% z [) L$ R7 \' S( m) v$ t* p- v
1 ?+ N3 D- w- m8 O5 Z7 K
Public Assemblies
8 V1 I# i/ O5 T' f8 X 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 d3 F( d, X% v4 ~. S) v 48. Protest meetings4 S o& P( F! J5 R( t
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 h" G: ^3 O: |4 x, O8 ? 50. Teach-ins, W3 v j9 z" g9 G# k' H8 G
6 \$ D$ u6 N' O2 m" zWithdrawal and Renunciation
) T3 a; I' z0 _' @) U' S. T 51. Walk-outs5 L( W. k- K5 C, a+ H }8 s
52. Silence
2 n$ e9 q: `1 M R: R; j# { 53. Renouncing honors9 D5 d# w4 a5 o" R# {
54. Turning one’s back7 m( V g: A8 z% F- j& d2 v
2 @7 M- {- E9 _' A: | 7 \( n. \0 }" Y( L0 o* w( A- k8 i
) o, p1 s( o" l$ V$ BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 a V* E9 [6 Q5 w. B/ p- Q& P! w8 f% F" ~8 L) n2 _4 A
Ostracism of Persons4 s0 j% W$ g% j2 W+ m2 G, C0 E; h. H
55. Social boycott+ T5 n: L, {" z' ~* m, i
56. Selective social boycott
2 s5 j0 p! q* l9 b( [6 T2 q 57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 i4 X% M0 q7 t) \ 58. Excommunication/ O5 \4 L8 o. K- B$ i
59. Interdict# D- O( D4 t" l7 K9 d& h& i
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# T$ P V/ o& ?1 p 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; k( z% T% U' C1 m0 Q
61. Boycott of social affairs% d( E$ a2 ^! e' L8 l% x) p1 s
62. Student strike
" z( L+ q! D' S5 _' p) Y/ @ 63. Social disobedience
3 k1 ~# ]% z/ U; J7 O 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 y& B2 {( e# P$ B& t9 g7 G2 s
: _% }* k! d p/ l
Withdrawal from the Social System
4 G; f' R# [% S# c 65. Stay-at-home/ B& m# l1 b' p
66. Total personal noncooperation2 t( z/ ?1 ]; o) j; a: h6 o: h
67. “Flight” of workers) s W: q' v1 a6 E" S( s% h
68. Sanctuary4 E) W4 q' Z7 ]$ T0 y: v7 _5 X
69. Collective disappearance
' l, h2 [9 d6 K6 F" u; k9 `- S/ } 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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; ~& v& d" P& s0 a0 gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers# I/ A6 e" j9 x: m
71. Consumers’ boycott
' F o9 y/ i/ y/ [$ D' o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods! Y& d e4 @8 V8 q* u: T
73. Policy of austerity% Z H5 }& g0 ?( H: @7 b% Z: i7 ?
74. Rent withholding$ J+ _$ F% V3 M3 C9 M7 V& W
75. Refusal to rent7 h* v9 g5 N! ]: R8 j5 e6 {5 v
76. National consumers’ boycott ?+ h1 Q$ `6 j: U1 ~) h; z
77. International consumers’ boycott
0 d+ \5 j& K7 q+ I5 a* Z- |) u
' A- V: F" `4 c5 G/ V2 nAction by Workers and Producers" @' `& Q& B% s
78. Workmen’s boycott
' \* M$ o/ S/ s5 [ 79. Producers’ boycott) N. {2 t" N- u: S, y3 o9 @- j
6 J3 E( a; U, b" f+ @3 x
Action by Middlemen
, o( B" H/ N" i 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 e3 u# M1 o ^# ?6 U* u$ X/ V2 H: C; ^
Action by Owners and Management
/ m+ ]9 ~8 J' u. v6 Y 81. Traders’ boycott" Y! s4 [* p! ?
82. Refusal to let or sell property: j0 C% r+ v5 G
83. Lockout: J; {! f% H. Q2 o# s) R% z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 x5 K- l$ ^ c/ b- D3 K! q0 {2 p9 ^ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
* t3 Q( C3 E0 i' }' w) x9 E& N. c: ?% W; W @- F$ u; L/ `
Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 n4 {9 E: G9 [. `
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' L; ~- s3 f- a 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 y/ P3 j( r* m: G* t* w
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: G& Q: y- C8 y
89. Severance of funds and credit
; \7 T3 V: S2 f, ]) e& i3 q 90. Revenue refusal
, O' ^. G y+ x( m/ C 91. Refusal of a government’s money
' k# Y9 ] h' H3 t. H, p% L, G/ r7 Y: _
Action by Governments
; F5 P# U" J# Z 92. Domestic embargo) W' V9 j! }3 N
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 [- g d6 Y6 [ y0 d 94. International sellers’ embargo; c. O- H& l, C8 `
95. International buyers’ embargo" B) S1 [2 _: v
96. International trade embargo3 J' Q+ }7 _+ @* @ Q7 R+ A
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& n6 D' k8 m/ u& X, `6 J" }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ s( F; \( X1 l; N( m. H
: n7 ~3 d# b/ L3 m / i7 ^! t1 P0 H! [2 q
Symbolic Strikes+ n0 A4 W/ f6 p) X2 W f/ A+ z
97. Protest strike
; g" A! |8 Z" `3 g2 A8 ~" w6 @' l 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 M8 S1 C* \% g& X+ N
6 t8 p+ A! U0 N
Agricultural Strikes
& k0 J$ J: }1 T0 s1 D1 W 99. Peasant strike
7 K% _! o- W+ C, f) ? 100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 [! x; r# `2 u. z2 U1 F' k# g; M6 P
Strikes by Special Groups+ S# ]( [% W6 i9 q2 \4 t; \2 u
101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 V$ O9 {; R {+ e$ G! o 102. Prisoners’ strike2 w0 z6 H2 b( W
103. Craft strike2 q s! `( j3 e5 B9 U1 J( F
104. Professional strike \0 T2 l0 c" v" B5 f; X1 B% I9 U
3 d9 w3 t9 E) P m7 T3 e, n, o# R5 _Ordinary Industrial Strikes( } T$ ?9 \: e" f5 y2 B1 O
105. Establishment strike
; t8 D* p# _' T6 p7 I2 M1 { 106. Industry strike
. O% z# p9 G4 t% B+ N) K$ L 107. Sympathetic strike% L1 g2 W5 ^! Z; P' S+ h' K( A4 U
3 l- P) u1 \3 t" f* ]& | Y& f
Restricted Strikes
: B- N2 k1 ~* f3 A 108. Detailed strike
7 o. F9 T8 E6 D) H0 t9 o3 r 109. Bumper strike
: Z; @3 ^+ o! ]. M 110. Slowdown strike. L& F+ p- e* ?
111. Working-to-rule strike" j) D" W: v; t$ N/ V: [
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 m/ c! s2 a7 ]6 M- Y4 m 113. Strike by resignation
' L" x" s2 B# z* `2 C2 n6 p 114. Limited strike, I* b# Y6 x; W. O& S
115. Selective strike
6 J; }! b; Q! c- g8 T- N9 s% H* r- R* l- `' Z3 Y
Multi-Industry Strikes
. J- |# _' J& b, X1 R4 `
, } O' d7 \; [& c! | 116. Generalized strike
; N8 T% x' J9 Y5 u$ r, h; a, E3 s- Y1 u" a6 L- W9 l
117. General strike1 O4 _. o' l. ~" R. \' x
, Z) D, c( N3 d2 Y! F) a
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 O3 R$ [1 b8 `- `' s9 I7 z5 Y$ I/ a% K$ ^; U( J. q& u$ M0 V" r
118. Hartal5 M% o0 B6 |( K* ^
( E* D; J$ z4 B, m, f- C3 o: L
119. Economic shutdown: B1 e+ \! N' O# ?, |0 ]$ D
# N; m" l+ I0 _. s- d6 a t # Y- z! N; Y% a' G; Y. R+ G
; D( g) s9 D$ H n3 |9 G. ?
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority0 q+ c& M- W2 |8 u/ Z" w$ C
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 b6 u( p w+ \0 p e& r9 }* F 121. Refusal of public support
. C- ?( t& P4 E( i" A 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 ?; a- L4 ^& R3 R# i
3 X! ~" x/ Y% E' @' ^- b! KCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 Q9 I0 H8 P6 s0 J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: r- t: `" n% e& A1 {8 g; x 124. Boycott of elections
3 U8 q# K1 e+ E" G/ P 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ D% w6 f* P8 z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 M {& e4 g6 e3 Z
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; J& ~6 ]) m. [" l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 r9 m9 G, ^, k- t/ l! |5 j
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% P' b; i! @& n4 u T 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) H v6 W/ [: n% V' d; w! Z8 O 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 q6 X8 v* n$ V9 G4 @- }
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 O; w. J0 o5 F5 y
2 Z0 t/ M! F6 N( s0 ^Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) `5 w( O; r2 s/ L% r. u2 U
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: J& U x X( L" ]9 Z2 H" [ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 b4 Q! ]& U% p& C' c* T, V! l 135. Popular nonobedience7 p. |3 K0 R) a2 b/ {
136. Disguised disobedience
- Q8 j& K! G( d- `3 G 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- L1 B. N) D1 z
138. Sitdown6 i* P+ k4 m# Z5 X$ F' C, m/ D
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 [2 ]! u2 E. t A/ B R* C7 F 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: D c3 d1 d/ j# h- U# e3 J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. ~+ y+ }' y' {" j" ?$ m) n' l+ a8 w( Q1 |
Action by Government Personnel: l) P A2 R( d: p9 ^6 \
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
6 w8 N+ ]7 V: v$ T 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% k+ v% F2 V: q- [
144. Stalling and obstruction0 F8 F' }# g( j- j
145. General administrative noncooperation
( A0 Q9 r$ d4 \* M. Y1 O# Y, ~! |' h& a2 e9 v' ?6 u* k0 z7 W
146. Judicial noncooperation1 u0 c- k4 A4 i6 W: x
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- B. \2 M! O4 Q. y6 t1 i, u8 S8 n# l4 p
148. Mutiny
$ e9 k! i, I9 I3 r$ WDomestic Governmental Action0 e7 |; p2 t* s, c/ I- H1 f& V3 o
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 W) `8 O% Q, c, H& v1 g 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ T) j0 K6 u4 [3 k# G- A2 R
3 I, z7 ^8 U+ RInternational Governmental Action2 L `" I: i) r O; z- p" s
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, B. P' W% Y& s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 X; f9 w; \. Q0 _
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 s; A: P5 Q) n( L' P& ^7 X& m 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& s3 ? A3 {6 Z: k2 A 155. Withdrawal from international organizations! m3 z2 A9 B p1 X5 E$ y, ~0 s
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: C7 g+ {7 _0 L! s+ j0 j2 V/ ?
157. Expulsion from international organizations& m# ]2 t% z3 B5 z( \
& b! s' _5 z) E1 a7 G
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) _6 S; B7 c) XTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 d2 F% y3 j1 K( f, J5 A3 E% @6 C% J% k+ | B% Q9 {
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Psychological Intervention4 c4 x2 b$ I1 a+ Q$ I% n6 ~4 c6 T3 j
158. Self-exposure to the elements
" W% l/ C+ S6 j* U7 d. w% P 159. The fast: D/ W# F( V6 `. V& \8 X4 B5 _
a) Fast of moral pressure T$ y& K/ C- N- t8 x
b) Hunger strike; u+ n% O6 ~" i Q
c) Satyagrahic fast
, B0 D# V6 k# l. c1 W8 T 160. Reverse trial
$ ~! U* t4 Y6 M, p) `, c% d1 R 161. Nonviolent harassment+ d8 J5 B" f+ R- w9 v
) g- k3 C" Z* Y( dPhysical Intervention
; i$ E+ c3 I3 v$ y4 i2 Q: H; X 162. Sit-in# C( Y7 B4 ]: }, \
163. Stand-in
4 `2 T- n# c; M7 K& P6 z0 n' F 164. Ride-in
2 }3 B8 b `; b0 E 165. Wade-in" o3 K, M7 n! V# l) i
166. Mill-in
( A# n+ t' {1 E4 d- I" U8 Z 167. Pray-in ^6 p U2 q. z; Y/ z
168. Nonviolent raids
6 ~( m2 z5 \* Y- i& y6 C$ U; f- | 169. Nonviolent air raids1 j- \ q* ?% o: i% {$ T
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 O1 T4 z4 I2 D 171. Nonviolent interjection
* y& \( ~3 U; y3 o6 `) u7 }3 ? 172. Nonviolent obstruction( w$ _* i# b; e1 P' ^. W
173. Nonviolent occupation
! M2 Q5 H d# X5 S d$ \) U6 ~+ X# G, }1 ~# z* Z, b
Social Intervention
+ g; D; a! x/ I9 ^7 x! E! ] 174. Establishing new social patterns; a( {3 K, \; R8 j/ B
175. Overloading of facilities4 A; G: n8 O6 V3 |) e
176. Stall-in2 g/ E7 b+ A/ d
177. Speak-in
4 J5 k5 c% ?& y- d$ O; M 178. Guerrilla theater
{( w3 n6 `& T7 B B0 w 179. Alternative social institutions5 a; k; I( e0 `7 h) _
180. Alternative communication system
2 n! A; c) x _9 T* k5 H5 M0 ]
. w' D2 D- P1 O% d" ?Economic Intervention2 H; S; G" H" v" t% c! U. R
181. Reverse strike
1 Z: X/ d* ?& g0 u# w# O& W' {- z 182. Stay-in strike) a0 R) m: e Y, {9 f4 D- ~
183. Nonviolent land seizure9 M( q: |% K) [ [/ w
184. Defiance of blockades0 K3 l9 X6 L& C. S' e+ G
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% R/ a8 Y. `- q, P! [% J
186. Preclusive purchasing
9 v/ l, x q: L" o5 ~3 `, V6 h m+ h 187. Seizure of assets$ ~# m. ]5 k* \+ X/ ]
188. Dumping/ C; s5 i7 F" u/ P( f7 `
189. Selective patronage
4 q+ `/ ^+ p. u# J( v 190. Alternative markets- {1 M+ F9 m" E7 r
191. Alternative transportation systems
3 ~3 v$ \/ O' V- y5 u$ W 192. Alternative economic institutions
) m+ q$ v3 Z7 m8 i: U+ p+ s9 t) |3 L3 { R
Political Intervention3 h0 ~5 q! ]& u2 g% I; `6 T2 h9 Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 e v2 [+ i+ {$ X- o$ e6 \- G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 o$ U! X$ ~8 |9 c
195. Seeking imprisonment
/ ^* X* |* J* |: U, F; e 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; u& C$ h: A j
197. Work-on without collaboration" g5 N6 L- g1 V- Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 k" I% P% }6 g. I
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
