 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& z0 k- D$ ~, b% q. L6 }Formal Statements% U6 h1 Q! l; }, R
1. Public Speeches
& W! k- `- O+ v& f 2. Letters of opposition or support1 w4 j5 h$ s3 \2 X& G! ?" f
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
+ N; t; j* M1 t) v5 p! ~6 L 4. Signed public statements
. ?( d% l( Z: d) d) K5 P 5. Declarations of indictment and intention! m& D1 i' O$ d/ y5 O9 A& b
6. Group or mass petitions
1 \2 ^; |" K! {/ Z, N) Q% |4 v! c* b2 W/ _7 E) j6 j, T
Communications with a Wider Audience+ S' W; H; E6 j6 c# R9 ]4 f: f% L- P& \
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 s% k3 i9 Z$ j1 H4 G$ X8 l6 d- @
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# A; f& [. d) P& ^" F8 O, w2 L h% \
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 F @3 N5 x5 ?. S 10. Newspapers and journals4 Y2 `8 R. a0 J6 x) U
11. Records, radio, and television8 \8 L4 B7 U& G1 J- w
12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 i( D0 n( l! h$ ]" `6 M' \
$ y5 \1 L: C% _/ X! f- J+ F
Group Representations
1 _# F: N( X" e4 h 13. Deputations% a4 a5 \7 p1 P! U/ H. R: a
14. Mock awards7 i: D' `8 T: R' P$ H6 e
15. Group lobbying
& ~$ b& F" D+ {" j# e! K 16. Picketing" H# [( F, g; s/ h
17. Mock elections
# Q `; |0 a; A* R0 `8 z
. l( f; a$ L& t' G: o/ cSymbolic Public Acts
. P: E, H8 o, B6 P0 c 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
4 k7 n* ^' U, d5 b 19. Wearing of symbols$ o/ k) e7 F, V' o, n: a
20. Prayer and worship
$ Z) E" g5 s' B- Q7 L1 [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! G6 j# u) T, x6 F9 n3 V 22. Protest disrobings b) V) Y+ |; o
23. Destruction of own property
( O/ V8 z5 |9 J! E3 n, X 24. Symbolic lights
; Y- O! Z; L4 k1 d 25. Displays of portraits9 D2 R% w: Z" w1 l r; ]9 p
26. Paint as protest6 Y) i# m& x" Y j, @4 H
27. New signs and names
% b( M+ P/ {' J. V 28. Symbolic sounds
* h! ~+ R; o- ^# v! D* w { 29. Symbolic reclamations
W$ j! U' h% m' q: I 30. Rude gestures0 p) [1 K" G) _
- R o! d6 [/ K: tPressures on Individuals
) F, G+ W3 d h) ?/ V l9 ?$ S0 D 31. “Haunting” officials$ J: d( x5 ?# H% w9 t M
32. Taunting officials, \8 b" H/ ?% `4 x
33. Fraternization
! A$ t: D7 q* T: ` 34. Vigils
8 f) ^ ? a& v/ {
# \; D e, [. h1 CDrama and Music
( `( Y) M A$ v 35. Humorous skits and pranks
; s' E9 \; T4 L- E 36. Performances of plays and music+ U/ h' }9 f* P7 U
37. Singing2 `7 [: ~, G0 I# X$ q0 ?6 z3 w- J e
: x% r4 T: ]2 P; RProcessions
* y* m5 ~& t8 w 38. Marches
1 c) R6 w9 o5 [ v( X 39. Parades
7 C7 _: v1 U# [ 40. Religious processions
8 p+ o9 r5 }% I5 N, c& Y 41. Pilgrimages
6 R& ^2 ~/ O N7 y/ {5 D5 B, z 42. Motorcades
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, y3 r7 Q3 Q! U% [" v! q$ N/ m; F6 wHonoring the Dead* _: Z( A# e. u# |: t' q
43. Political mourning+ T! X7 _) [1 e8 E. ]7 v7 x, D9 ]# u
44. Mock funerals
- v" T q; O2 v 45. Demonstrative funerals
9 u& G- m. r; I R4 p+ z- b- t 46. Homage at burial places/ C- y* i1 v. | `( m
# s# U, S4 @. f$ a7 r$ ?Public Assemblies
& a/ w0 U" A6 ? 47. Assemblies of protest or support
( }5 w0 ^& {; t& ]# v" e 48. Protest meetings
9 {4 B2 s3 b/ U; h6 U0 J 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ h% \& {/ e6 E: }6 V8 F; v 50. Teach-ins
1 z. I* ?0 V- d& y# R
* H' m* \7 U5 z+ QWithdrawal and Renunciation' D! ^% R) U3 o$ n$ _: M" {# s
51. Walk-outs
1 A& y/ l) \* F 52. Silence5 Z4 |. F" i# x$ V5 @7 d; D& ?/ f
53. Renouncing honors
; S/ q u& L& _( L9 P0 r/ y 54. Turning one’s back3 `$ r9 t4 M8 W& ~$ M3 Z! ]
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0 z- Y' O6 ]' \" o+ aTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
- [( j) X% ]3 J9 @) y+ T$ v0 L) Z+ {3 R* l# W2 `2 Y5 O
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Ostracism of Persons! u; L' y& b: u0 {" y% r8 h
55. Social boycott0 N. o) [! Z+ i
56. Selective social boycott- O k: }; [, [, E/ l) y7 W
57. Lysistratic nonaction2 u/ R A. u+ s
58. Excommunication/ T5 s o, ?$ y" U# O
59. Interdict$ @$ u8 x9 |+ U% x# d) x$ x
& v6 ~5 y; w6 ?7 k$ V' Z- \Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 H4 x2 J* w( c6 F) f' h7 [
60. Suspension of social and sports activities' g( R+ Z" s& X z
61. Boycott of social affairs; b8 w/ @+ _' M) w$ \) g8 o1 W& h# [
62. Student strike
8 y8 }: ]% n0 X$ S9 I 63. Social disobedience& Y* E4 Y/ q* ~# W' j/ z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; ^9 C. @# X9 l- M& n! ^
% } W" Z. D( S2 \
Withdrawal from the Social System
& t6 b# i, ^1 [9 u% q0 A; s+ @ 65. Stay-at-home
. h1 k" \/ C! _2 a( ~5 w% l 66. Total personal noncooperation1 J4 V0 |" i4 z1 ^
67. “Flight” of workers* W# W5 K/ Z/ F x" ]( X
68. Sanctuary
$ r! g+ y& r( X; T/ n 69. Collective disappearance* _6 ?+ `$ A; t2 z# d* W" [8 a
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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! B. [$ E( @& TTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) A2 g& i6 x, ?, y5 x+ ]) n/ d
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1 l" ]" j! A3 l4 x- i; C5 tActions by Consumers
7 {9 V! u2 d8 V 71. Consumers’ boycott
9 y D. G7 b* ~7 a9 _; ~ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) L! _* N8 l Y' K/ @" ~ 73. Policy of austerity
# u% T& p& U3 W+ d ?' d* D2 q; c, P; o 74. Rent withholding
; \+ ~9 k' }" D9 v 75. Refusal to rent
& e7 Q% Q7 A1 f. i1 G/ k 76. National consumers’ boycott
8 Y X( ^2 M5 C8 k 77. International consumers’ boycott9 k: i% T; [+ f* l1 K* f
] f$ s4 {. r% V# I' ?& T
Action by Workers and Producers* O! V j& z8 @+ e" r
78. Workmen’s boycott
4 h- G/ j5 ?/ B6 Y1 b- h# T 79. Producers’ boycott
: H# q9 b9 d3 C: u4 e( g
4 A6 h: j, a+ W n' sAction by Middlemen1 s6 ?4 D) f, p( j
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% U* n a d# b2 c1 v; p
$ C: R) |0 A' ?& K; j9 W" e% m
Action by Owners and Management6 _! ?. X! Q2 `0 N
81. Traders’ boycott
' \# b- u3 ~9 P/ ]7 ]& i: Q1 d 82. Refusal to let or sell property
y1 X% j# b2 T1 Q0 j% |) o 83. Lockout
4 ?/ J1 H6 a) N 84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 n: Q1 v3 H9 U% Q( _# H1 f
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 {( L+ z; \! x* Q6 e% a
" g. X$ U. ~/ c8 U. M1 mAction by Holders of Financial Resources. K: P* K C) U# I
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 ~' T1 v3 s& ~: Q7 L
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" }# m8 ~( I( g! | R
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. t8 v: Y- k" c1 T1 P+ k 89. Severance of funds and credit
( r2 c' K1 m7 w, y* G 90. Revenue refusal
, E4 u( ^* v, O( t 91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ I: t0 p) e& E) `8 T7 h; ^: r5 k+ x7 b1 b1 g" D
Action by Governments# c( w1 N) G0 w1 m" O: J" E
92. Domestic embargo/ s- Q3 G% K/ `3 k% X) B, T+ S
93. Blacklisting of traders
7 d2 g9 t2 ]& z 94. International sellers’ embargo; e$ Z! F( _& R$ C$ F
95. International buyers’ embargo% f, r" r1 I8 @3 m" x
96. International trade embargo
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/ X1 q7 Z3 Z {$ e( X$ A1 i) dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 @1 G4 x% s9 B. g- M9 C: S
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E6 F( w, U# j/ J4 V. iSymbolic Strikes
' X. R) H5 w' ?* W' A1 T# J 97. Protest strike
, r! J U- F. V+ h7 R) n: c/ D 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- F- `; z8 j# r. u O
, t8 s" Q- N: m. Q
Agricultural Strikes/ V+ f3 m% g# K x
99. Peasant strike1 W' H8 Z. u! o8 ?* t1 F
100. Farm Workers’ strike
! A7 u/ U8 ?- U# y; l; b9 \" b- _" o2 ~ H9 m) w
Strikes by Special Groups$ y" n% v& n7 \6 B
101. Refusal of impressed labor) q7 K: V& p% G3 @; E% a
102. Prisoners’ strike3 i% d5 Y! ~9 p1 R0 t
103. Craft strike: V( T% J+ A6 B1 f8 e3 r5 D: y$ Z
104. Professional strike) F8 Q2 W9 N" t
* g0 G W* Q' s/ }* |$ w
Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ X& `+ d8 c8 o6 h1 W8 ?
105. Establishment strike
; P- k% Q' ]+ s; E* e 106. Industry strike" ]( ]& p- N. W
107. Sympathetic strike" L$ [; P9 ]& ~5 P ?! \: Y% Y' M' s
7 P% M5 N+ z# n3 N' |. f- ] k
Restricted Strikes
0 O4 v1 x% y( i* ?, H5 ~7 C; @6 h 108. Detailed strike
) G5 ^( s5 n4 c 109. Bumper strike, o: Z# A5 J: I9 N& ]
110. Slowdown strike
% s$ {. m$ Z% j% H: a 111. Working-to-rule strike, v* @$ h9 H" E: S2 c5 a
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 b- }5 Z( e5 l7 d) b0 l 113. Strike by resignation- X$ G, ?1 R' f% b3 a2 n- M
114. Limited strike
. k* S0 e1 `; o4 u$ p0 B; l 115. Selective strike
u7 {/ h G9 t& }+ W
& f# o& w2 o" m7 _8 rMulti-Industry Strikes: d) s; v+ J, f: y5 e& w) T5 \2 R
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116. Generalized strike. U3 K# D) W7 m; M) A
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117. General strike
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$ _& U6 a, o9 L- ^* `) Z: hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 G; m9 m4 k* q; Z0 X2 b0 g! k" {# d) J* U3 k; h/ n5 a
118. Hartal
* w9 W% m* F0 K a+ Y
; Q1 H& n! S; S2 _ 119. Economic shutdown" ^+ n3 o% W- U+ r9 b
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7 g: S" j2 @; [1 G- W# RTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ B2 v; i; B9 X$ Q. y. H1 x
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Rejection of Authority
: Z) R+ ]! B& }' Y3 ] 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 L7 X0 J* { q' y2 B% s 121. Refusal of public support
, m0 a/ S/ N6 w% A2 v) Z! J 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: `: m& @9 y6 s, R
4 n8 y1 R0 h3 Z5 s* T! m
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% ^9 @# Y) W: I/ e# D+ t' G 123. Boycott of legislative bodies( ~" t; ~1 t7 L* M s
124. Boycott of elections
4 T/ m& B" J. O) s. B$ M7 w 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) k& O; [# k' {1 T* x# N9 | 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- S$ `& y% d( H6 J0 n$ P9 ^4 w 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! ]) B' F. [& Z* F+ I
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' F! X9 w6 q& x$ I# j( N 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 ]' L. g; A' P, E7 Q" X$ v 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' }! J4 W& S8 r; y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 g( D2 y7 w5 ^7 j 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ w4 B0 e. N4 }( T# |4 T! Y' ~, x6 X e- y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 z3 C/ @3 T1 t% t
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 b7 F% h" R" c+ b- P+ }7 J% v4 X
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- H0 X& L0 V4 g+ ]0 u# n* M
135. Popular nonobedience4 M/ H. }1 C/ O+ \
136. Disguised disobedience$ h) A5 q$ t w
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# v* \" x3 F4 q 138. Sitdown
7 g+ [* N. Q6 r' \ l/ e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& l$ l7 W% a- `% t. L1 l4 | 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- v6 k# Z& i6 s: q9 | 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' N+ M! _4 F2 {. N. Q
8 Y) }! `" `4 D9 y7 r7 I) kAction by Government Personnel% r8 P: U I' E& M* q, ?0 _* J
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% l* H. N: z( [; w! e! V4 f; n8 L 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 d( i2 y6 d' W' i& e: | 144. Stalling and obstruction
9 e; F# n- b# v3 M. |; L 145. General administrative noncooperation1 h* q4 @) ~6 |
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146. Judicial noncooperation
. l/ j! |7 ]8 j9 K0 [2 t5 x( O 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% ?7 Q6 N: `1 b
148. Mutiny$ {& a1 i! T% i W0 g1 e1 ?
Domestic Governmental Action. B% T) q9 \ o9 \/ G, ?
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. b. W9 N& p# g ?
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 G7 V" F% t* \4 d, N3 S/ f
% V, K" R7 r# q5 T) W
International Governmental Action
# z( x* V% o. T2 ?# ~5 c+ G, ~' o 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 A# b: x; |! ?) U" j) S
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. F" X2 r/ E5 D! u
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( v0 w2 m) x: \" g, ^- o) g8 ~7 R) `/ V
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 P/ ]- L2 n. M! ]- { Q7 F 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 R" p- | T, W9 b
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 l5 o: O. p" b7 z* t& L) c 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* F# [ ]& E4 {3 l& ]
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Psychological Intervention" H3 y d5 H( I+ d( [
158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 \8 O8 H5 x5 b. ` 159. The fast7 }2 I* P8 j; ]3 l# _7 T
a) Fast of moral pressure
. Q4 A( }$ \3 G! [; B+ O, b b) Hunger strike
( d" _: v% [1 V# l) C c) Satyagrahic fast
. W5 K8 o" v5 I. I' ?$ ]; h 160. Reverse trial
" }; l) W; F' U. |! s4 O& N) N 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
3 T- ]6 t' {' L6 o: G; D 162. Sit-in
* J5 X/ {' @5 G 163. Stand-in+ x; F- `# [1 f: k' J
164. Ride-in1 M6 J) I% [3 E
165. Wade-in' t' b) a' R8 S4 g5 g4 j
166. Mill-in
- O6 _& T( S0 d3 \, \0 | 167. Pray-in- e7 k! ^) r" O5 y4 V$ j! {" w
168. Nonviolent raids
( @3 g6 F4 Q4 {% u0 Z0 ?" x 169. Nonviolent air raids3 X" t1 K5 f* O* o- y; n
170. Nonviolent invasion: r: O: i. ^& t" r
171. Nonviolent interjection
/ b5 V; Q' S4 @3 u7 t& y 172. Nonviolent obstruction- F% S2 I+ f# u8 e8 x7 W9 y0 T' j
173. Nonviolent occupation. E( [0 G! J# R5 z! Q* [
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Social Intervention( P* d v6 F7 q. q1 C" @5 N
174. Establishing new social patterns+ N+ ~9 n- @. `2 C- h
175. Overloading of facilities0 N( G# u' V. ?& X
176. Stall-in
* u( n H, ?# }5 t/ `4 Z# V _ 177. Speak-in
% e# I( j3 G/ x+ `0 a2 q8 | 178. Guerrilla theater/ r7 j" o/ g+ ]( P
179. Alternative social institutions
& a( J* X8 H" N$ Y1 a7 o 180. Alternative communication system2 Q4 D+ ?6 N/ o- V
* P2 n8 J8 q) m/ O1 n4 bEconomic Intervention
, v% }8 T2 q* x9 L; a: g$ _4 V 181. Reverse strike; V$ Z" W5 P p" |2 z
182. Stay-in strike$ {! w" C6 u3 \) T
183. Nonviolent land seizure
' W. \2 P# ]& b 184. Defiance of blockades
- ~: D# s* ~' H# F* S* _ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, F7 b% C- W2 q; Z& A
186. Preclusive purchasing3 G' G; o, L% x: q
187. Seizure of assets
. Z6 Q( A) F8 A$ R C 188. Dumping
' q, e' Q; N5 o2 T+ o- y/ z: H 189. Selective patronage
+ f# k5 A4 L- e$ k7 M6 G' I 190. Alternative markets
+ D" U8 C& l" z) f) n. W) Y 191. Alternative transportation systems
c5 O% j: X: `, \6 l+ r2 r 192. Alternative economic institutions
) ]$ A% c* F4 z$ I) u$ `1 e' I/ O' [- ]9 x
Political Intervention5 G# r' K( d8 x5 G/ q/ I
193. Overloading of administrative systems
. Q) s5 q" N7 n* S0 N2 {% d 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& C: ?, Y4 X) W/ J8 h& Z 195. Seeking imprisonment; K: Q7 C, v a$ R- q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 Z8 L( H5 W$ h 197. Work-on without collaboration
& [7 q7 S$ u- \ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
