 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 D. N, x8 V% ?3 XFormal Statements
. g y# J, u5 w: _ 1. Public Speeches( @& T, ?% O5 ~; E& c& Z
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ _' d0 n0 o6 D" j" i" |. C 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! L" ]- l, i3 L; m# C 4. Signed public statements! O5 b8 Y3 e1 K, v3 V! N# q* V+ ^
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ Y! s% W( N8 o 6. Group or mass petitions
5 W* b5 m a" ?, X8 s5 r) E1 I- a6 `% h4 i# h1 v
Communications with a Wider Audience+ @5 D+ b$ V+ T3 C/ E% k
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- }4 b: c3 U3 q! p' ^; w: b
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; W8 y a$ J& G2 j 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ B7 T! y/ M& ]7 [1 o0 Q) a( d
10. Newspapers and journals
) d3 W/ t$ W# X$ J) H 11. Records, radio, and television: E& D+ _2 z6 ^% X T7 h8 S
12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 a% {5 F0 V* m( [( R5 L) a
; O1 N" z' k0 e+ Z3 TGroup Representations8 p5 v+ e( n" m3 y
13. Deputations% [# _1 Q! v* }3 {5 L
14. Mock awards& e5 T/ K1 c* D# N6 f9 g9 g( @/ b
15. Group lobbying
% d. W" f/ p5 N# e6 f& L 16. Picketing& `8 }9 M( _8 W, {5 Y
17. Mock elections! K8 j$ e" B; u' I
' k! _# S) ]! X3 VSymbolic Public Acts
% @$ B3 ^& @7 ^% u 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' t0 o8 R7 o" ~
19. Wearing of symbols
7 b U: x5 y* } 20. Prayer and worship
( b" ?( c: ]! ^3 {8 l9 Z 21. Delivering symbolic objects& G: B" B- o4 Q' s% a
22. Protest disrobings7 \* e. f" Y) J- q; ~. w
23. Destruction of own property
( W* c' V0 `9 | 24. Symbolic lights+ L: ]% G1 j/ p. H0 S$ o1 _
25. Displays of portraits' b" J0 a+ R$ z/ B- p: b7 I7 ?
26. Paint as protest! K0 {/ W+ ~) q, Z5 r$ V7 c
27. New signs and names4 }3 g' C% j! y% S/ L! F
28. Symbolic sounds
6 n" K1 B% F3 @9 b; Y: `' q% S% K 29. Symbolic reclamations
4 h ]5 A+ x( V. G5 g. \! n3 e/ | 30. Rude gestures5 p9 e% ? T T: Q
5 X0 k; U8 B+ G
Pressures on Individuals. n3 l( Y9 r" ]" R: r$ D' h1 e
31. “Haunting” officials0 g/ v; A) Y$ s/ E
32. Taunting officials
" Q' p# A! U- [1 H 33. Fraternization
2 }1 U2 G+ ?1 @; M4 p 34. Vigils
; {, n- d" Q* |* a( _- I6 [$ r! H1 q7 m9 p/ Y% H
Drama and Music
, I5 Y, i' W) [+ ?0 |. ^8 e* N 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 n: _5 Q1 T/ I 36. Performances of plays and music
1 C7 o$ [7 |0 {: n& V. u* {$ d 37. Singing
' k+ U6 Z9 [. w/ g9 f
& v: s; a2 t$ bProcessions
' p0 E# x2 U# F j T 38. Marches) p6 Q- j; E# q6 e
39. Parades! f6 ?& V+ i5 Z0 U0 H* ]
40. Religious processions
( U2 i, I: a/ F6 }6 o8 Z 41. Pilgrimages5 G) u3 r9 j9 j* u) w
42. Motorcades/ H: d, K- a; W4 }$ _* ?$ [
# e% J2 H$ f( v% z1 xHonoring the Dead
' W @( u$ ?" F 43. Political mourning
& s2 @! F! u5 o, d 44. Mock funerals; U6 d9 B" N: Y5 {; d6 R( m
45. Demonstrative funerals
, f, n; A# V# w$ _7 g Y 46. Homage at burial places' v# J$ i% C! _; T. g
" b5 V3 h( C( M
Public Assemblies: U c6 b6 w% x5 z2 Q0 e' R
47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 t- @% s+ P* Q 48. Protest meetings
. l- D# w2 Z; J/ I, m( V 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ y |: e% i" h' P* I
50. Teach-ins. g$ \* U: q( m# M+ L
6 D) A7 i( {* z3 L2 a
Withdrawal and Renunciation
- W; w9 S: F! z6 ` 51. Walk-outs
" a! s" x: W% c" m% D! m4 [& P 52. Silence
( {# N2 D, h2 D 53. Renouncing honors
/ s3 [- r0 d% G$ `, U 54. Turning one’s back
/ b$ I5 M0 A# r5 h
4 J |1 w0 r: X& y( H' u7 }. ^
2 R: w v9 t' @) K0 _9 \0 \% P
" v3 f8 }6 h/ b0 N# d BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: E% d: j: d1 x
9 [6 I& Z% b7 x% M# j0 @* e" l; s. x
3 m* v% [# H) I. H: j1 Y2 N0 C4 h* E3 r2 Y( w
Ostracism of Persons
9 j, z7 H9 ]* ^7 L8 l 55. Social boycott8 o, [8 M1 w& U2 I* `* W; k2 ^
56. Selective social boycott
6 p) }0 f! w6 }* q" _4 U5 Y+ t1 e2 t 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 O1 Y& X9 ?. r
58. Excommunication u- K! M! d2 W+ W# h8 d2 W4 a0 Q
59. Interdict7 |! v7 p8 e* B6 O" [1 j& O: q0 ~
$ l5 r/ C; P2 N6 G6 uNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- e; o& V. h: Z2 H 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
6 S, ?6 w: w; E5 P: r 61. Boycott of social affairs0 Y( B0 I# E: u4 ~
62. Student strike
% r7 I, k1 a9 [" s3 `* O8 K 63. Social disobedience( c0 w- U6 T( |- y7 F' X
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& `- |4 f! ^/ {( \+ U0 Z& Q+ Y
, U/ L& i% l, x }0 KWithdrawal from the Social System$ ]6 L+ z) o! b% V- s0 D
65. Stay-at-home5 Z9 E( h+ E4 z9 M
66. Total personal noncooperation Y8 R) @) @* n$ k
67. “Flight” of workers% v- p7 u% P* o" W+ i8 `2 {8 g( n: i
68. Sanctuary% @4 P, T# o" {6 Z
69. Collective disappearance7 t0 q; U9 [. r9 S; P
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 ^2 t! H& e ^6 H( I i) y/ J
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3 u# r* A0 S. I' s Z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 u) F% ~2 v8 W& a* v4 |6 _' B
$ H- l8 Y% ]9 B& y( |* R
8 \2 }# d9 _. V" CActions by Consumers m) _9 d0 C( \1 {6 m+ }2 C
71. Consumers’ boycott8 N4 h" z2 U; t b( v1 E, l0 y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 _6 h2 T7 k8 {3 y/ B
73. Policy of austerity
2 y3 P$ f; w9 {! A/ _8 L 74. Rent withholding
+ h. W" \1 M! M% F; Y x 75. Refusal to rent
+ x9 f) P4 a8 U 76. National consumers’ boycott. n" i! P' E- o/ ^5 s# v9 \* C
77. International consumers’ boycott
7 K; `5 Z! c* U. K3 I
4 f% k; M8 K/ |5 p. T, _ NAction by Workers and Producers
8 A1 \; U3 m( x5 u 78. Workmen’s boycott
) Z! k9 T1 T' O3 U& M# d. B 79. Producers’ boycott2 t" Z: ^% c0 H
; N# d! U8 C+ gAction by Middlemen
9 B i2 D5 R. E, X; o: h 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 L7 {: l6 Y/ G9 v, j; B0 e
( l% k# _: q, g. S8 h+ t) wAction by Owners and Management
" @& @1 g4 Y% T! V 81. Traders’ boycott$ o9 D4 u# l4 e/ o& j
82. Refusal to let or sell property% ^* p3 M' M2 |5 T9 b+ j7 C% W) E* E$ i
83. Lockout
9 @ S z# ^( F! h. \$ E 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. X- d0 ?) W) A) x! F- X 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ o* O6 B) U! h& b+ R4 Z! f( k- D0 \! B$ |( Z" H
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( [5 j; J4 b' u/ N3 f$ e6 x 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 ?) q- s& B9 E" i6 O+ A- Y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 j% Z& M0 C: Y0 V% ~) X
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; [7 L* P* ?3 y* p; m
89. Severance of funds and credit# R* n0 K+ k( t+ d" U
90. Revenue refusal
, J: S0 [. @9 @! O 91. Refusal of a government’s money$ n r6 x( v, I) f
1 z8 M$ E3 a" m# f8 A0 ?
Action by Governments
( M8 Q3 m. @" D 92. Domestic embargo! m7 Q3 u7 N3 u" T# U$ ^
93. Blacklisting of traders- W+ ]( j$ X1 R; j
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ L8 h# O. u% L N4 m 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 [( t3 S, Z2 A$ A" e 96. International trade embargo# V5 I2 w* e1 \; v# b8 @1 E
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6 O/ p, ]4 S, ]* d5 B5 A0 {& b+ b$ j
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 H4 m5 X) P1 S9 x( ]Symbolic Strikes
T( r% y0 z6 h! R5 ^7 t 97. Protest strike
1 |2 Y8 D- _( n( A) C% _ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 g" r( ~1 X9 A4 _0 T0 ]* k2 q" H- d
' A* b9 ~& a, O5 x! d% V" Y) b+ ~6 {
Agricultural Strikes1 v5 O+ K; j% j8 n& c) E% I- o) a
99. Peasant strike
$ Q9 N) |, t2 p* i2 e1 l 100. Farm Workers’ strike
( Z: Y, m; h& \1 T4 |! r3 F7 ?3 h6 Z; t. G1 S( j3 ?3 C/ b1 Z
Strikes by Special Groups
' ^1 s9 g* l4 G 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 y Q7 J' B3 J3 K. x X 102. Prisoners’ strike
3 l- Z$ X ]7 d% `' k7 T5 ~ 103. Craft strike. n) C8 U, a( y
104. Professional strike
4 I: ~/ C. ~0 Z- ?. k& W* Q5 m9 Z7 q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes! U; Q$ J& L4 m) \6 D: G U) n
105. Establishment strike
8 D H1 S3 q, c 106. Industry strike
T6 J- S7 I) k+ B8 P; P' i 107. Sympathetic strike* X4 i9 ^+ c- O4 O2 m1 K9 O
! J% m1 l& l% l3 P. ~7 [- RRestricted Strikes; }$ q& H+ K& d5 g5 @" L
108. Detailed strike
7 b6 X y+ I, a* a 109. Bumper strike+ P6 d3 b/ J& T: v3 n t
110. Slowdown strike6 L" P7 p8 E9 _& A. l1 \' B0 L
111. Working-to-rule strike
5 Q# g" F# d; L' V 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 X7 S! P" |$ F& e
113. Strike by resignation
8 v4 ~* [0 R) c0 ?0 Z 114. Limited strike0 c. v$ e2 y2 L2 S+ x6 R' W! M
115. Selective strike' x! f* |, K1 B
8 ?$ ]2 [5 `& Q- ?$ g/ n, `, L
Multi-Industry Strikes, U/ u4 r* e4 I9 q% v
# \- m4 Q3 _7 [
116. Generalized strike
$ C5 \+ x3 h% `7 c7 n$ x
; R/ x: m, _1 L: r2 l3 l( o7 F 117. General strike8 o) ~0 J+ V' O
* g* p2 f% ~ S. z9 ?Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 w# Q, a4 x2 H9 _9 u& |; F6 ?
! w" o9 l$ w& v& y 118. Hartal w: [4 _/ l% K8 F
* O: p* B$ e6 K1 a( w 119. Economic shutdown0 }4 M% K# s0 q5 q! c# C
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f8 s3 S4 ^. }' dTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 H- t, B5 u9 t6 B& N2 T0 V
. r9 u) P0 N6 N- ORejection of Authority
1 _7 L6 G4 K+ \% D 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ v& V, i0 T$ ^
121. Refusal of public support
+ h- B- q) S# `3 H9 ^3 C- V( ~8 i 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 B$ z- G& A+ S& q d( C: C, \
# L" ^: c6 [" o X: B1 g5 @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 F. b/ F9 h/ d2 E$ A( N. i
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% a+ G `( U) I) K 124. Boycott of elections
3 ?, Y4 @. V( U! d8 I5 L 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( g) `4 _8 G4 h* H+ H5 c. _4 j4 N 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& x* |7 m. A7 x5 f7 g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" Y7 o) ] ?+ H 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ l& H1 J7 B# Q1 b9 p8 P$ m3 q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' j9 Z Y) ?/ ^. I- u1 `. | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( m% j2 i& @3 U1 f& R
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 S: n+ d5 [0 P) ]8 D( ~3 c
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 V' t7 Q6 P' C
% U" z8 y' V3 O* c7 w: ZCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* q: i) i+ h+ q7 D 133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 S* I: B& R- E
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: b5 t7 z: |2 \, j 135. Popular nonobedience
8 u7 L8 E/ r" d 136. Disguised disobedience; p h( A; t% L! m* I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 i8 D4 h. L) m7 @- G; ^3 q 138. Sitdown' S0 a9 S* B2 F( o1 X `
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
d# L) V' w9 L9 |- Q3 y 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 D5 M5 P4 Z- @8 c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 _$ Z2 S) w( r9 c8 U. |; |6 @. e1 k
( @6 q1 P( `7 i+ O3 `8 fAction by Government Personnel
2 [9 S0 x3 z8 N- }/ v 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" }, W5 q! j7 l: a5 m. V/ g& A8 U# G 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( B- l! }+ W1 \2 n E1 U$ g/ @
144. Stalling and obstruction" w3 \* C, s9 i) c% d
145. General administrative noncooperation0 J! k: i. P. j& w4 \1 j
% d) X; N, E/ R: |
146. Judicial noncooperation! ], E3 Y H: x3 Q. B1 E% V6 O
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ _" Q7 I" J; x: e
148. Mutiny1 L# q# K2 q) J4 {6 B
Domestic Governmental Action
" a1 _, [) e& T# e) a& B. [+ Y2 | 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 {0 C& h* I. c G* z( }
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' x2 e# z( j) i2 q2 }2 F3 n0 k2 @! x; _, D7 b: f* r
International Governmental Action
: W2 `+ Z/ i! ?" K 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* ^6 l! `4 k7 q" ^; h
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 S" t. k( s; L1 \0 P2 D7 ?* M# N# T
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* r% ]. u& G k" ?6 ?, V* q1 h, F 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 \6 T( x6 j/ I+ F3 L4 ]! i; R 155. Withdrawal from international organizations- Z3 B8 z2 N, w ]: U0 G
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ ]5 a2 _6 t2 h5 g 157. Expulsion from international organizations% {) L% T1 r: c5 E; r5 R
9 ~0 e8 M6 d* ]
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ p' ~* N+ i7 z' s o
* }6 c) ~* b( ~, ?( c. Z
& y% k0 A, F9 o. `1 q8 Q5 gPsychological Intervention7 v: y; V+ _' C3 i* w# r0 r. i
158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 U) { J7 d( E 159. The fast
# G# g! {8 J+ [4 t' m a) Fast of moral pressure
I& {- }' J! X b) Hunger strike
; |1 r1 I* [5 }* ?0 | c) Satyagrahic fast* O! y) [! ~* ~! i$ a! a8 U3 Q
160. Reverse trial8 Q% M. p5 ^2 ?: Z8 w2 d- ]
161. Nonviolent harassment) C, n" G% C! L8 R
5 r! g y; |3 v/ _' G
Physical Intervention& L+ E: }5 Q# D7 E0 v
162. Sit-in1 r- j/ [8 N: X& ^; i- q* ^
163. Stand-in2 X) ?8 |5 o. e% @1 B W! G
164. Ride-in
* Z, I0 z4 M* x5 }0 U! q 165. Wade-in
* o# M# Z; X$ r, t1 P% q 166. Mill-in% u% z% N( r8 O- o* W
167. Pray-in
1 C4 w% _8 u+ R. o8 _; c 168. Nonviolent raids7 M; U, @, _+ [" F2 B; a3 r& u
169. Nonviolent air raids
/ x1 T7 l$ {- i1 r: P 170. Nonviolent invasion
0 Z. H/ g) f6 I8 D 171. Nonviolent interjection
$ M8 _- A$ S- |3 k" P7 Q0 a9 V 172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 p, k) ]& L7 c 173. Nonviolent occupation
3 K1 }6 p8 k. r7 B1 q1 {5 Q [9 ~% y9 k! }$ h) b0 L( x
Social Intervention: F% v3 K( P7 C# w2 V
174. Establishing new social patterns
& e) l" ~4 W1 N/ {# B8 P 175. Overloading of facilities
' t, K0 t% v/ w; j1 h 176. Stall-in/ \" i5 V0 }3 J! H% X/ ~/ I
177. Speak-in
: l j" ]8 M3 H; I4 b9 O ` 178. Guerrilla theater0 a4 k" [2 s# G7 T
179. Alternative social institutions# \% U) ^4 [, ^; @
180. Alternative communication system9 \7 O2 }8 P2 S
& F' N! | ?1 S5 d
Economic Intervention y6 s8 W5 U& t" V; N* h: t* W: k$ N
181. Reverse strike; r9 @* e) u& H: X3 e) `
182. Stay-in strike; U9 [" s& g2 p: N0 g
183. Nonviolent land seizure
- Q+ G0 ? D, @" [, z, Z5 j$ s 184. Defiance of blockades
1 [( m) G4 r) ^7 @1 q 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& S* y4 O( X# ?; L 186. Preclusive purchasing$ a& x" O; l0 {+ ?' `3 _0 Q
187. Seizure of assets
/ r. J" d' Y3 t4 s$ U, v P! d% M 188. Dumping* S0 L6 c$ D- l6 j
189. Selective patronage
( ~+ C: v$ x: [9 b# R& b2 R4 l 190. Alternative markets
8 {0 q- v9 m0 r+ j 191. Alternative transportation systems3 r1 N8 p E4 ]* q) x
192. Alternative economic institutions
( w, a9 n' W! P1 Y0 M
! C0 q2 g! X/ M8 n7 l y( A+ Q, pPolitical Intervention
! k3 v6 t+ ^" T9 l, L. l 193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 m2 z5 a' G1 a1 f5 H1 f 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 E3 L n \% L. B
195. Seeking imprisonment: G6 O* N7 I D2 Z ]% _
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 }. k" t2 J+ T4 y' J
197. Work-on without collaboration$ r* u8 X$ l, F) k2 k' n6 C9 t' V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 O# i9 ^$ M* T' D2 F' R
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
