 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* ~9 F& R/ i) E- y4 M& jFormal Statements
I1 [* Q! P, w# U( c8 _+ o 1. Public Speeches
! j5 }7 {/ Z- ]3 M 2. Letters of opposition or support
9 ^! C, P# }- c7 v( | 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' Z8 O* v3 M7 H$ B
4. Signed public statements8 k' B2 X( D5 j0 b
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 y8 J2 q( Q% C4 o; ^& ^$ Y1 y 6. Group or mass petitions
9 r/ }( Y& w0 ^/ ^8 o
7 w. v2 |, V D% `Communications with a Wider Audience3 G9 w1 S, A$ ?1 }% q; o+ M) J
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ U- \+ ?; g) J5 q3 |" G
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ K) w, k5 [6 J+ [! M! t* Q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 H$ Q- h! u0 A1 X+ W/ ~2 ? 10. Newspapers and journals7 W, d s; T9 `% ^* H: z) X. d, S
11. Records, radio, and television
8 ]; p; F( w3 K* A; C9 A 12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ e) z. `% s& u% P
% ~3 L" m( s! r. G
Group Representations
; _" N3 `3 Y' h, a 13. Deputations8 I2 ~* F/ p4 G4 N5 x5 r2 ^
14. Mock awards3 f) c3 u' |1 r6 e
15. Group lobbying# W" l( R/ P h9 r% J- W* w0 F
16. Picketing% _& y5 b% m3 a/ W1 O/ `+ n' Q4 P
17. Mock elections" E+ G8 J' R, y# H# k4 x" V; E
/ l z0 C8 o0 L6 YSymbolic Public Acts
' ^& a0 f9 h6 e8 w' c, {! ` 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. \5 W& }7 ?3 V$ c/ J* M* R( m
19. Wearing of symbols
5 d6 o0 U8 o3 ~9 U% `4 r 20. Prayer and worship
% I4 e1 x8 i+ x( J& x 21. Delivering symbolic objects' `- y& f1 A+ W# F
22. Protest disrobings
4 l( ]- ~+ O; x: s4 ~" m 23. Destruction of own property! D, W- ^' X ^/ @& W& k* B/ f. N
24. Symbolic lights
8 Y3 X1 [# T: P4 [: q8 x+ f" @ 25. Displays of portraits
# J0 M; p, @3 s$ ^ 26. Paint as protest+ J1 l1 `4 k3 b8 Q' p: }
27. New signs and names; p; v8 J! u5 ^# [+ Z' o5 B$ D
28. Symbolic sounds
; Z1 h7 C( z$ b, U! g: g8 u 29. Symbolic reclamations
7 b- t; n1 R2 q @/ c. n 30. Rude gestures
4 ^1 m* M$ {- ^: O0 A1 K$ L0 |+ L
: @* m- f( @6 w, f2 ?6 yPressures on Individuals0 W; W* E- z2 P+ o( L
31. “Haunting” officials" y+ y* A$ B% ?8 T
32. Taunting officials1 J) m1 F% w, K4 t9 k% ]2 G
33. Fraternization
. L1 e: b/ m! W+ `- |: ~ 34. Vigils; C; L! g5 r1 b* _, g* D; S1 q; ~
' K' |3 h; _( v2 {& F
Drama and Music
$ F0 s) z' g( X9 U 35. Humorous skits and pranks8 ]2 r: j( o& |2 d; o q
36. Performances of plays and music
! _3 m: l& X7 q7 l" K 37. Singing0 ?) h9 a& [7 }' O# c' B9 A0 T0 E
. R2 Q6 ]% O8 e5 V! A6 QProcessions
: a' s1 O% i$ s1 Q 38. Marches# ]0 |6 G3 C# V
39. Parades" f) m3 g9 G, q. [* q" w
40. Religious processions2 ^+ g5 V: H' k. M
41. Pilgrimages
/ j' ]" F( a" p5 l+ A 42. Motorcades
+ O( Y0 H9 \8 j; b
2 Y- @) i- D* K2 p$ \- EHonoring the Dead
1 D9 f# r2 p) i1 V& [ x 43. Political mourning
/ g" F1 h# M+ ~ 44. Mock funerals
" ?. @7 ^" H& g( y4 a9 { } 45. Demonstrative funerals
; _6 Z5 h$ b* g1 I) ]5 _ 46. Homage at burial places
4 ^7 c* b3 p" x. f3 }, {0 b' O6 b$ e# g. ~7 m3 S( ~
Public Assemblies8 t5 D* G% n9 J" k2 U# f
47. Assemblies of protest or support
# l; D" v4 `" @( z3 w; d9 C 48. Protest meetings/ ?9 G. @- R7 z. T8 Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- b3 s: G( }5 f$ T 50. Teach-ins( q J- v) K3 }& o6 _& r; h9 v
1 J% G- U& e4 C @# T$ ?Withdrawal and Renunciation' @- s/ r! \* v* V
51. Walk-outs/ U$ r6 N4 b' }
52. Silence3 |, \# D. D" u" f
53. Renouncing honors
9 J$ p9 n# ~9 r7 z! y0 d. k 54. Turning one’s back
7 r# o+ h; {3 U0 C
# a' X7 }; _& q! k " k6 r! ~9 y. Y& w& N' n
( y% B/ [3 i) i9 ]/ U) FTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
" Y3 S" ^' H1 P0 u9 Q( o. S$ h8 G% {* s: v; U6 s9 y4 k7 ~
! @; p* v* Y4 X: s( z
" D. F6 ?; y! _4 X T
Ostracism of Persons# S+ u Z. s# Q: X B# r
55. Social boycott! f T r5 \" I+ V
56. Selective social boycott
6 s3 d/ w* U6 y 57. Lysistratic nonaction( W1 r- D: T" a
58. Excommunication
; C2 y L* u8 Z$ V7 [) y1 S 59. Interdict
5 x$ P+ }: ?- s3 a. c# W+ ^& s/ F0 T3 @* Z3 \0 G+ W
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% ?; g9 ?0 a d4 b4 s1 `* E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities* q+ b3 i% ?$ ^/ y
61. Boycott of social affairs6 Y! Y9 P+ z1 |, T: w; u
62. Student strike
1 M! W. e2 R. ]# w9 } 63. Social disobedience9 I, @) A( r. T6 O3 e; Y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% c1 `3 p# L; j( @8 e8 g5 Q
/ q( \$ k( w) `0 k( G( P6 ZWithdrawal from the Social System
4 V1 i# e- R5 ] G! o 65. Stay-at-home
/ d' x+ ~ @; G 66. Total personal noncooperation# V9 d! f! W! k: y6 c
67. “Flight” of workers
3 k& ~7 n1 \! V0 W) { 68. Sanctuary0 U1 D) U4 u9 |% J6 ~ a4 x
69. Collective disappearance3 c4 {5 Y8 k6 Q9 O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ |; I H0 v% A3 u! ~8 \
K* _# a* G' k6 i9 |- B4 c3 U, Z2 b3 G
& J$ e; y4 N: Q6 S+ K7 b" i, y
+ ]; `( c' V( E! {0 R n QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
B5 y3 I& n c4 p$ S- X. x
. `, C8 F" m4 s1 b$ ^
/ Z3 c) T( {- \) m$ G& MActions by Consumers7 E5 m7 }" |$ l- b9 `
71. Consumers’ boycott
: f! ^* O4 [. N/ S8 Z& b* Q( }* m 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ e: }" x8 K% {0 ?7 ]) S" @; s 73. Policy of austerity0 p0 n# V' T$ x$ U3 J
74. Rent withholding
7 Q9 X' P8 q% K4 e) k) @, j! \ 75. Refusal to rent
8 h1 l0 a7 U5 r4 ~9 ? 76. National consumers’ boycott4 B. m) |; e: q5 z
77. International consumers’ boycott
1 f5 }7 @+ j4 Q
' s5 y- N& g$ o. r( P3 QAction by Workers and Producers8 M3 @0 ]1 F% F5 L
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 H( ^; E/ s, q f+ @) q" j 79. Producers’ boycott
8 t( X0 o3 J! U) x0 e) {
# ^2 Y) c: o6 @5 k. h$ yAction by Middlemen! \+ v: ^2 y# F% m" D$ f _! n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) X) w2 B6 |0 Z; x" ~
2 T! P/ d0 Y: Z' [; _Action by Owners and Management
- g8 k( X2 o$ C* ~- N" }* s& r 81. Traders’ boycott
" ?0 x+ s! s5 B) @- p, ~ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
( r% F; C* e' Z% X 83. Lockout# p6 b& E" Y. u0 _
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ Z: ]0 {! Y% ~2 s6 ? 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( ^- |( L3 ]" z. A. D3 L; U0 o" X* F
$ A. i; ?" ^/ w# e) ^2 \% hAction by Holders of Financial Resources
$ j0 P. G+ h, G2 W5 f$ E 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 e. O# ~4 D" |9 V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments e. g' d: K6 w1 o5 d! _
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# p) |. G0 P7 U! v5 k
89. Severance of funds and credit
: j) d) }9 f& B* b) v4 a% X7 M6 i+ J 90. Revenue refusal
7 d# ^8 d, @. {' F/ b 91. Refusal of a government’s money" y7 P( Y. V) T# M
/ i( z3 C X+ i' \7 l& H# ~- ]- _
Action by Governments
) @4 l6 o9 `. ~5 R: @ 92. Domestic embargo
3 \# ?2 B: n, z2 Y' U9 Y1 j9 y 93. Blacklisting of traders# J4 ]( ~) y ~$ p$ z
94. International sellers’ embargo
" `0 U2 J C) W 95. International buyers’ embargo
( C% k5 u. |# B; u9 ^, ^* Z* r 96. International trade embargo
# a+ b$ d/ Y/ ^' e, B$ e" b6 c1 f* {" n7 D" g; h. q; x
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: x; v. A+ g- y1 i$ Y2 J! s
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 w& o! J/ ` @% B) ?# S
; {) ~' v) R+ G- C5 B K9 l$ f1 S, {; j
Symbolic Strikes
# D/ C$ X9 T5 p% q* t3 R 97. Protest strike
! K0 r- k$ u8 z8 _3 q( i: p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 s% ?9 b, O& W6 ]( K
5 T8 a/ u( q! o5 D, n! x9 SAgricultural Strikes; z. Z0 B; f' O* y! ~ O) q" M
99. Peasant strike8 h# d* c" G! T5 D# p. o
100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 x @. E* \. M* A, I
1 g0 i- U$ Z3 Y4 \Strikes by Special Groups0 J0 ]! s+ P) u, D5 [& g6 e1 s: D
101. Refusal of impressed labor/ g# T5 o# A! b0 K5 @3 y
102. Prisoners’ strike
" H5 r: @: D9 I% R" O* W 103. Craft strike
7 h3 U4 O0 H5 ^6 R4 i; G( e, D5 n 104. Professional strike# d& c/ v! E0 K8 h2 i; A9 o5 A
/ D& B2 t( q# k( e1 COrdinary Industrial Strikes1 ?! G; Z! E& H1 s
105. Establishment strike2 w% S, h* @7 r+ @ {* `
106. Industry strike
. }6 J( i5 i2 l7 H# h' G6 R 107. Sympathetic strike
# S; H7 e# M* G$ V1 w6 L: d( E) a( Z. v* E" H8 M
Restricted Strikes
6 {8 L7 q- O; Y- g 108. Detailed strike0 G: b6 i' r' q' w c& E$ r
109. Bumper strike
5 B* |. }" R1 p7 ?0 ?7 P 110. Slowdown strike& J0 u& {/ Z& q; r6 a. n2 f1 G
111. Working-to-rule strike; q9 l) U; C# S8 J& r- c/ @& z
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. I. x8 {! o. t. z3 c8 X 113. Strike by resignation% I0 V' `; W( V& `0 y; \5 I- a
114. Limited strike7 K; ?/ N1 X$ ?) A* \
115. Selective strike
- x! N8 F' v1 R3 Y6 O
5 n# E8 w2 @8 O/ Y' l8 k, n# w" VMulti-Industry Strikes# P8 y7 z% J# {) v) A
% }! {% J; V2 X9 S y 116. Generalized strike
- M' m7 n4 L* i- N6 k0 r/ i$ t
3 c. a; O; ]! ]8 ? 117. General strike* B8 X+ r5 R1 ^7 L7 p: z) p- u
+ J4 N% }( j7 S! [' n! S3 a q/ VCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. t; o9 d! y" o( @: g5 F& g0 b5 R6 k" |9 L
118. Hartal
( T/ U/ W9 P% X6 Y$ a" M Y0 ?
0 T1 X) @) R4 y* G: q- m* Z 119. Economic shutdown
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4 a9 r3 Y4 v8 k5 j' S9 _% u% ~: y# t
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
! s# \3 t8 ?2 I0 n* i4 Y6 L5 q% @4 B9 }
* i% g1 `% @, \( e, z0 t/ xRejection of Authority
* u9 ] B6 f) G5 _4 e 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- J. a3 U- T+ } ~
121. Refusal of public support
$ L- B# m' C" f, O& A. A5 ] 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& v- M9 v9 F1 O( F
, x" m$ b1 \/ Q* q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 Z4 x- R$ [7 w: ]& M+ z
123. Boycott of legislative bodies! o4 j, D. q; }2 q: R$ {6 z' K
124. Boycott of elections6 O1 g1 D- G5 |/ b" T* c5 g. C% Q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ w. t) `0 ?$ f6 b1 b" K% a 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' M6 T# ]4 |7 K- i" P
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) F/ w0 O- Z0 ]! U8 s 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: c2 V! b. r6 N- U2 D( k; g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" ^; Y8 a/ s# E 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 ]3 t- _0 q) y+ E2 O( ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 `4 V1 w$ @( p8 l& e$ ^' @ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 s1 d% n+ Q0 `" ~: ?+ `" c5 z6 ?. @+ y: \+ a
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience- M+ @5 _6 |5 D) F# R3 C
133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 h% w1 B. K! ?: H
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 I) @3 n+ n2 k2 k8 d4 N
135. Popular nonobedience
7 A3 a k) T( K; a3 F 136. Disguised disobedience; G+ |( D2 h- l3 v7 D/ f3 u
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) S/ \7 ^5 y- \/ ~ 138. Sitdown" v$ o3 A( L" \" ~ W, N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# T( y) r" S- o3 B5 ~ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 ~$ Z7 t @& ~- d 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( \. J2 y' B7 S6 r. j
/ m6 w: ^& Q6 s t1 P+ X: [' i5 LAction by Government Personnel
$ \6 D9 Y* l9 F4 C1 A 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 g4 O; d1 O+ Y. A f9 e 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 C* m* @+ y4 |7 h( i5 b 144. Stalling and obstruction
* X- I& I4 y$ P: [+ S3 O/ L 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 r: P& X g: I; b: ^0 b9 V* ~3 p2 d q1 n1 R2 A, A9 f# U' A
146. Judicial noncooperation
; _* \' T+ s' u @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 L2 d5 v2 f4 P7 Y
148. Mutiny
+ s! N* S- J- H+ A( sDomestic Governmental Action/ j p7 q. h3 ^$ X) O: e
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays N( y" ] L( I, L2 V2 ^1 J
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 g0 j% Y0 J4 _9 z+ `& t) g
1 ]* i1 m% m' wInternational Governmental Action
- F1 S( t# M( d4 b' y' k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' p8 O2 j# J# D% B$ W
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 Y# \, C# |4 U, S7 `, D' A
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: ~ h+ O( k G1 B2 P. {9 X
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. O) t' J8 z6 J6 i# E 155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ V; x8 l' |3 F& O; u! |
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! i" }' g% [: n) d0 q i* L2 O) e. N) D 157. Expulsion from international organizations
, b9 z3 s/ N9 ?4 [# r x- E4 r
X; [- w+ K% }9 L! \& `4 U2 U ! k7 E$ V' S- c- B, f
+ r- I( }5 ~/ j, X% H% V3 k( ?9 gTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 m' p2 P# a5 b) Y8 j: h
# Y# |4 f+ @% @- t& q. b 2 B1 S+ J1 z! X' w( B1 h, h
Psychological Intervention
- F' L* y. F t3 u3 p 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 U y M4 r" e& q; \" ^4 C
159. The fast
) D8 q7 v5 R" ?6 | a) Fast of moral pressure
9 w! s# |$ P6 \0 D W b) Hunger strike. F) L# I1 }+ y6 @% v9 B* l
c) Satyagrahic fast. l4 z9 R, g8 Y& ]0 E+ H+ ]7 o
160. Reverse trial
& l# A4 X' u( U9 H" t1 y$ \9 ^; R4 t 161. Nonviolent harassment0 H7 f9 D" c% n/ U- x0 s0 U8 z
7 p# x4 V F' R5 l! Y* y
Physical Intervention9 }& |+ l- N8 R/ J5 h
162. Sit-in% i6 m5 G5 Y5 @, O, M: D* ~
163. Stand-in
+ E' {; U4 h- e2 b" i 164. Ride-in$ A( o9 z% W1 D4 {9 m( N
165. Wade-in
R- i) L$ }! Q 166. Mill-in
( o3 O4 T( B! o* j4 z 167. Pray-in, ^* T+ y' Y% j0 C- X" W; S# s8 e
168. Nonviolent raids/ P: l5 s3 I- ]( D3 T% [% S
169. Nonviolent air raids
. V3 a$ P( {2 J8 {' e7 n7 Q: L 170. Nonviolent invasion
) ~. F6 \5 W# A) z 171. Nonviolent interjection4 j0 C+ a& R2 C. @
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 P D2 [& X$ [
173. Nonviolent occupation7 ^8 K8 q B4 n P- X( O2 j0 l% k
9 @$ o* f+ L6 Q. p
Social Intervention
V! \' P$ J5 z 174. Establishing new social patterns9 t2 O! d, r+ T9 G7 y
175. Overloading of facilities: b9 d$ v1 i' E& l. y/ E/ F) u! F
176. Stall-in
- f- m5 O ~+ k5 ?* Y0 D4 v 177. Speak-in C* t4 q8 T; f" O8 _8 A% `9 P
178. Guerrilla theater7 h' y* u* k5 p! p
179. Alternative social institutions8 E, n' J: v0 C' b9 N
180. Alternative communication system
+ ~* j, H X5 a2 y B' z9 P! l( Q! s, e7 t- G# N
Economic Intervention( n" V4 b W U( \
181. Reverse strike
J4 ~9 X( d1 z, t7 L 182. Stay-in strike
9 L$ J2 Q H& ^, p3 w9 M! [& i2 J 183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 ~! p6 B @: C+ F) `. n 184. Defiance of blockades; r8 b% l9 i' S- e
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. G) \! D3 ^6 b0 O0 [
186. Preclusive purchasing
1 K5 X2 q9 x1 q2 \. o9 Z0 o 187. Seizure of assets
" t0 S9 r& T9 h 188. Dumping' A9 @7 ^! ^& J3 C' s" ?
189. Selective patronage% `& A8 t& {! \2 c$ q+ a# s( D
190. Alternative markets
3 l) F% Y0 M& @ b, Q 191. Alternative transportation systems
/ b! c: c5 t6 y/ O3 X' o( Y+ w6 j$ Q0 V 192. Alternative economic institutions% w" M! K6 `) I0 d; _: d) e- P
" [- |8 Y; k; J! u! {9 H
Political Intervention9 F: t& i0 S8 e. R# @
193. Overloading of administrative systems
# w. q! f3 H; ]! u G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( y) E, w# }& B/ p6 C# A8 ^2 r
195. Seeking imprisonment
* w4 v+ k) ~" i2 ~& ]% r; W: G' s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& L/ [5 c" t: w9 C. K/ u% d9 S/ J1 y5 J
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 u8 H% T9 W, S: C& P- } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 p, K% {+ p* N) o) y
2 p# B h+ Q e9 A6 D
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
