 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 H9 J3 ?& M8 ?4 \% ^
Formal Statements, h, M4 a& r) X# F
1. Public Speeches
9 }) m! _! g1 m# [+ |, N: i 2. Letters of opposition or support
# O- k) ?3 R: y \& ] 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. R" N' [% a! O/ H. T+ |4 o
4. Signed public statements6 _% j' A1 i. o) v$ n* r
5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 s' v" j9 t& w1 m1 @& C
6. Group or mass petitions6 b2 Z) a6 O) Q, I7 O3 q' {) v+ D Z
$ `8 y. Z. p7 iCommunications with a Wider Audience4 {2 A! |4 A% c2 B" g) @: T
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ ]$ G2 v( l$ C- o. s( J
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, Y& B, U3 @' f! ] 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ {! k# n& U2 a+ G; D 10. Newspapers and journals/ M* Z! D1 k7 c- ^
11. Records, radio, and television
" |8 r) v6 t+ X" ?% ]$ r 12. Skywriting and earthwriting" }8 T' A( |7 D3 \
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Group Representations
0 Y$ y% i: R' E2 r5 m 13. Deputations
; s& l7 V( f4 F- J 14. Mock awards- d7 j: u1 y9 ~1 i1 g: j
15. Group lobbying# C+ g& _/ @& f$ u! \* l9 q
16. Picketing3 }6 H% f& Q- Z- r5 M
17. Mock elections
% K( ~6 ~0 P& C e1 R
" q a" S0 a: T% F6 \0 sSymbolic Public Acts$ o$ y. _. c1 a, s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 t: P2 @8 C$ K; C0 H+ V
19. Wearing of symbols+ F: u- t& y& F; l
20. Prayer and worship6 {* S, D2 c& f* {
21. Delivering symbolic objects4 L9 M" M3 d/ B8 c) ~
22. Protest disrobings) {3 S$ ?2 e/ h J9 v; `* H
23. Destruction of own property
) L) K$ m. p0 m 24. Symbolic lights
! ?+ B1 P+ b! {: Q# D8 k& U; R8 Y0 H 25. Displays of portraits
# m/ d9 t( p; H: G 26. Paint as protest! r3 }! d/ `: R
27. New signs and names! n& c5 w0 k( l3 H( O4 w6 b
28. Symbolic sounds
, O3 W0 Y: A1 F, c 29. Symbolic reclamations$ I/ e) u' c3 p3 z ?4 N4 \1 _
30. Rude gestures
0 A' Y' e* T" c- j0 c8 ?% K8 u0 \2 V
Pressures on Individuals
1 _! h. _8 D, G9 A+ L6 n 31. “Haunting” officials6 @, K) X% ^# u4 l1 e
32. Taunting officials
( C2 ?7 Q5 y: g/ s( v2 r 33. Fraternization4 ^5 ^; F+ @. V$ \) Q9 |
34. Vigils
+ p. F: ]8 y ?% U- ]3 s
, J( j& d1 o# l! O; t. {$ nDrama and Music
% b& u1 j% K' Q$ W7 g 35. Humorous skits and pranks8 |) `8 ]0 N8 x. ^/ p
36. Performances of plays and music5 W3 J$ {* W: c
37. Singing# F( I5 ]- E4 h) y$ t
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Processions
2 i: e# s i. K' h2 L 38. Marches
3 M# Z y& S8 d2 b( N 39. Parades
6 p/ B" M9 H; C8 F: s6 r 40. Religious processions
) C# A u% n8 Y8 ?1 d9 M4 w 41. Pilgrimages
& L7 T# Q! ~$ h6 @) o- b 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
P3 w2 q, q) E C3 \. Q 43. Political mourning4 E7 P% i$ ]# ~% h/ R; j
44. Mock funerals
8 E+ M/ j U! \* r& f! p0 d 45. Demonstrative funerals, P# l! q. H; U0 J1 @ s
46. Homage at burial places
9 l) W" }1 ~7 y% b" \( j( [3 O5 Y7 N
! ^0 J5 C" H7 l( LPublic Assemblies A& y. l+ Y& }# ?5 }6 N0 l' ]
47. Assemblies of protest or support; Q: b% {4 T$ P- n" S
48. Protest meetings
9 h, r/ |: }& o& r0 r% C* P. ~2 Y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# s. w. l6 v `3 j/ D6 i) A
50. Teach-ins
% m: P7 x( k% O/ F E7 K* J4 K* s2 ~+ G$ }6 o+ T: r2 Q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 ~* o8 V: ], V" b 51. Walk-outs
6 R5 W3 u1 Q# Q: D1 N. X4 W6 T 52. Silence
6 h, F! R9 Q% I! l' T2 b2 @ 53. Renouncing honors6 i- Y5 v& c4 H5 u+ e3 c
54. Turning one’s back, \; x. U! b8 r* t/ o
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION: h+ Y: @" J0 ]/ U) j5 o; G
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% ?4 |0 x# P3 K! T1 V" U; AOstracism of Persons
; f; f$ F: b6 J1 y: j 55. Social boycott
1 f& P/ b+ \2 c1 o' Y 56. Selective social boycott
L2 j7 J8 v% w$ X 57. Lysistratic nonaction
' L* U1 e7 Q6 J6 v, d. Q 58. Excommunication
3 P0 `. B: |; x3 Z. d5 } 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* \, h% J5 K# n 60. Suspension of social and sports activities" F. ]+ F: f( p3 q. K t n
61. Boycott of social affairs, Y) [1 |, |' ]# }3 E4 B2 A
62. Student strike6 L& x- v4 S+ g, f0 y- F
63. Social disobedience" f' k. Z: P5 l) q2 K5 W' T# o6 ^
64. Withdrawal from social institutions# K, G- Y3 I- Q+ U
3 G1 z. N; m' Z! y+ b' ?Withdrawal from the Social System3 W* H) g0 y. t) Q, d1 X: a" i
65. Stay-at-home- R. p4 g5 ]5 N, \; Y
66. Total personal noncooperation
8 Y) @. C' I1 Q 67. “Flight” of workers
) E4 X1 |+ u1 Y5 `6 M- l$ x% f 68. Sanctuary
6 t! D- G6 b8 K( e7 B% d3 _ 69. Collective disappearance
0 z2 k. N9 n& @. F0 B5 X* F 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 Q2 C* F |1 y2 x1 e6 V) b" E
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; {0 F# p5 O8 r b9 \THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 T) A% [8 d7 \) B: M4 D3 B, {
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Actions by Consumers( _/ |$ p8 m2 T% D O
71. Consumers’ boycott
0 X5 O# y0 N; |# k 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( t; W H. ]0 D
73. Policy of austerity
# J5 m1 g% T" ] 74. Rent withholding" C# `$ K- S( A. K; ~: C \* M! m
75. Refusal to rent% Q3 b/ i6 E$ }1 O
76. National consumers’ boycott
, X7 S% C: p* F+ N9 g& N0 Y 77. International consumers’ boycott
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$ i4 J9 a* |/ [: hAction by Workers and Producers; Y: h+ [$ Y+ K5 l8 {4 y0 b; u; A
78. Workmen’s boycott
5 n- i: V k$ A 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen. T/ |8 A0 Y. r6 T; R) A
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management' m3 G/ y) W7 C1 b* A X$ p
81. Traders’ boycott
. }) T5 x/ E% C- l7 h 82. Refusal to let or sell property
3 C$ Q P, ?4 w- d 83. Lockout
" o4 D, ^( o# @% A 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 |5 z- l' d7 f) z
85. Merchants’ “general strike”# q m" a# A' Q+ B9 n; u
: f6 Q: ]0 K9 f* Y- d' j" P0 l, ?! l& WAction by Holders of Financial Resources' R# S/ u5 p0 B0 P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" @3 n" W9 L8 ]1 j% q' G3 y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments r1 `3 C( z; z {
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- }$ W/ W" e' k: Y* o( n 89. Severance of funds and credit* n) Z; r; U- [0 `! l- ~
90. Revenue refusal
7 t. P/ L8 O9 }# S8 a7 B& V( y 91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 `2 M5 r% ]8 }" I4 w1 I8 V8 Q* | U, K6 F! F1 m4 Y0 Z( R: J6 c: e
Action by Governments& ^1 ^: g9 ]3 L# w% J9 b
92. Domestic embargo& U: h/ P+ r/ {; Z$ z1 W3 E& E9 |
93. Blacklisting of traders
" s# _8 C, x& T7 a+ _' r) a9 H 94. International sellers’ embargo
2 D0 v) X5 ?2 B; j( K 95. International buyers’ embargo. h- [& `8 K+ n8 Z
96. International trade embargo
( S4 q- ^ w0 ]0 e$ Q% m" b; M- {( \+ i! e. W& f7 m
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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/ b2 H1 C; B4 e, w: m9 b- P2 w ! V& \; l+ W, }8 Z8 n% y6 ~& u3 Q+ M
Symbolic Strikes
- \) C" p# x( I% \. V4 G 97. Protest strike) M) M/ B6 Q0 j9 H, z# T, }6 F( L
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! ]& Q# }) T) A' W* l
/ |% `- H4 z2 {. p/ F0 }' jAgricultural Strikes
# y2 `8 T ^+ `, G/ l, e 99. Peasant strike
4 V# \; s# b' `" P% v& F 100. Farm Workers’ strike& G' K, J! N/ B) g/ [# Z( Q* e; [
# j6 r, j2 s$ G& S) K8 l, W
Strikes by Special Groups9 B/ r2 L7 Z! K& s: b
101. Refusal of impressed labor0 j( c A$ ~: w
102. Prisoners’ strike% W# x# y! O4 L3 D' \5 H* l
103. Craft strike [& D$ y) U- Y8 X0 Y
104. Professional strike
, L9 V# h. \, ?( ~2 K& C& T9 [1 n9 `5 F# ^7 {' ]% d1 V- ~/ ]$ H# j: X
Ordinary Industrial Strikes2 \- V! ?/ p+ U8 X& q, V8 Y
105. Establishment strike v9 C2 c/ l2 y5 x/ H, C* u" y
106. Industry strike
% ?/ M7 Q) n$ \: v 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes
& t5 D0 e) ]& ^ v8 V) E3 u 108. Detailed strike$ Z0 n, x9 ]. ^# y! X9 E4 ]- I
109. Bumper strike1 p9 F) N q/ W: a7 L; v1 J
110. Slowdown strike
" @" ]; ]* t% T5 N 111. Working-to-rule strike
" n* X1 E& |7 N1 A 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) S+ e- \0 t6 A" n" i
113. Strike by resignation
7 m# V/ J! _" m$ D; Q2 y% P 114. Limited strike
: [$ {9 o! v1 ^/ D 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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/ ?- f* a. ]' }2 O6 }Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ Y. } y" d, X+ Q ~7 b$ K0 x
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118. Hartal
+ y' U2 ^/ g$ |: N5 x: ^* e" p2 b0 X+ [$ v( l/ ~8 X
119. Economic shutdown. g- F7 c# e! v8 n: D$ m
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority' Q, Z" L' J" f3 P
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 C; V+ g" y' p1 u8 R$ x) \; g 121. Refusal of public support8 {* g3 x8 n1 _. n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" @; F5 E8 ?- i( y
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government e5 ?) y9 x3 C1 v
123. Boycott of legislative bodies' `0 l3 A6 O* K/ [
124. Boycott of elections
+ e, b# A4 E$ \1 ~7 P# z2 s 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
9 {( q) a6 q8 C B0 N 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% l" O2 l- x9 I' _) d2 |/ u5 D
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions. n! E1 k0 p3 C9 l# V$ W
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' Q* p* E& g( c* w n, e- Y) t
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 \" D) R+ p0 E5 i4 W 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, N/ e; u# o9 P3 O+ L" C 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 Z; o; @9 `' ] 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 S5 r: r2 Y6 @7 `4 J- e. g' S; W6 I5 }1 ^
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 A1 P' k- {: X! m. z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ T% Q. M7 k6 v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, ]6 ?5 ^' l# q1 J 135. Popular nonobedience- ?3 o j' {3 ]; F9 L5 i' u+ S
136. Disguised disobedience9 W6 t2 v$ U C+ z }
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 t+ A& f4 `. r; l) D9 f 138. Sitdown+ m; N6 a }7 ]3 I7 x1 M9 Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( d; u$ d- R, m5 Z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities9 x; n* {' l! K
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 o( H O8 w( E1 R8 S
) G5 ~0 F, V$ S1 B. B5 X
Action by Government Personnel
1 B; Z3 D$ j$ [) | `* F. d 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% u! S6 |! B3 c& T: X 143. Blocking of lines of command and information' h$ W8 [) X0 r* Q0 y( J9 D
144. Stalling and obstruction
J( I& U) D0 h. F+ g1 h9 }( p 145. General administrative noncooperation
. F- D# w% v& ~4 l# S% N1 a0 \7 Q1 Z1 R0 P. ]. e8 c/ X
146. Judicial noncooperation
$ F* X9 o, R, `5 P" L5 j6 ^ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( d+ F7 X# O4 g3 T! i( V 148. Mutiny
" @; M6 Q7 p7 i3 A. E) U) `Domestic Governmental Action
: B: A8 F+ l: H2 {# d M+ a 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ _9 L O) O- E& e4 A 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ |0 ^" }5 w; p
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International Governmental Action
. S8 v+ h$ u8 x/ G 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 l' D t0 R: W" w 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( I# k, {- {7 ?) T" H) U" f7 J
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% K& |1 u$ ~) O$ X4 y' Y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 i8 D S" I2 N3 ^& l' x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations# Q# ?4 {1 @2 t/ y* a
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
U7 `5 J+ J U, O$ L; ^ 157. Expulsion from international organizations( w8 V# J" ]8 I; d. u4 e
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; r/ v# [' W# F* P4 }( V# nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention+ O% ^$ K+ M5 s# M: C+ I
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 f X5 T; N4 @ 159. The fast- s' ~0 h! D" _3 V k
a) Fast of moral pressure
; d' g5 \7 c3 F. X6 E/ @* g b) Hunger strike* [ E4 y* W" ?5 w! P$ X a
c) Satyagrahic fast8 i% ?4 z" y/ r; z) J
160. Reverse trial1 [6 c4 F! T E; x+ R5 m' u
161. Nonviolent harassment
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% r* N1 b/ i9 g* d8 h) G# T# R( V( OPhysical Intervention
/ q+ {$ s# S# B c) { 162. Sit-in
$ q+ |6 w2 M: t% ~ 163. Stand-in
& M, x: l% t. P( c' A 164. Ride-in
) C7 M5 F* t6 Y- {7 S8 p 165. Wade-in `3 \) @6 T$ s/ n* G2 v
166. Mill-in
4 o/ a) n& c* U4 s5 z( j6 C 167. Pray-in
1 n% _& f/ j$ d! ~6 ^ 168. Nonviolent raids8 }8 c" @9 |4 L3 p2 P
169. Nonviolent air raids: w- `8 r' l8 M3 g8 ^9 |1 L4 \
170. Nonviolent invasion3 I; k) S r8 W
171. Nonviolent interjection
7 K( N- x" D$ o 172. Nonviolent obstruction8 U" b. U( ]1 a0 X) Z" C
173. Nonviolent occupation
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# o/ ^6 k( h# E5 jSocial Intervention' K f0 f9 j1 J; H) O
174. Establishing new social patterns5 k4 h% ~+ L2 z
175. Overloading of facilities5 p' Z4 @6 ?4 v% d# R o
176. Stall-in
1 X5 e [' w% [8 b4 S# q' A 177. Speak-in
, \( h/ P3 @& [: D0 y 178. Guerrilla theater! c7 d$ R$ }, m4 v, n( A( ]6 |
179. Alternative social institutions% T* Q: h" {2 I# X R
180. Alternative communication system3 l" w2 i6 C' Z; ?8 S8 R0 }
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Economic Intervention
7 e" e* i* Y4 C. t% J4 `- o 181. Reverse strike
# F$ f- d9 F) v; G0 \/ w0 D# i 182. Stay-in strike
_" }1 M/ V% { 183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 c. K* n/ R+ x* X! |9 ` 184. Defiance of blockades
6 x2 p+ b @/ g) G9 [# u: q( r- g" x 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 L- g- l2 b! M* E+ N5 T) p/ U 186. Preclusive purchasing H$ ]8 g. ~4 W; m6 Y M
187. Seizure of assets
4 B3 b A b' F( S( v( B- i 188. Dumping
2 P) p+ ?/ r" }% z& A4 M 189. Selective patronage3 z5 Q; W9 ?( i' _( f, p
190. Alternative markets: \ M4 o G/ R
191. Alternative transportation systems
4 D v/ F" ~/ G* t 192. Alternative economic institutions5 S# R# N5 O8 x7 X
6 q* G3 Z4 ?5 P8 j# ~% Y$ lPolitical Intervention
3 X( R; N$ k7 ]3 v* } 193. Overloading of administrative systems# G# Z$ A$ S, H) W
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- S2 N8 T" Q3 D R
195. Seeking imprisonment
! N1 s0 v7 f0 X: S) ]/ T 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
+ F: `! ]! m1 m 197. Work-on without collaboration' P% `; f/ N% L3 s( H. ?
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% V# y, Y3 `( P1 d4 v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
