 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" `/ M8 H% [- Z4 x7 oFormal Statements6 R8 u# {% C) h$ R3 s% B
1. Public Speeches
, e, f$ O5 h A" H/ g$ E' T) E4 F 2. Letters of opposition or support0 Z7 C$ Z! l% t
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( v8 H5 v F# M- l! a1 w; K 4. Signed public statements' U) \8 q5 R) U; O. s @( }/ [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention* N8 C$ _8 q, `. f. u7 X
6. Group or mass petitions
! d& l, M( u* J6 W. r9 q" v9 H! D7 y& ?
Communications with a Wider Audience2 v* \6 p: G" G7 |
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& a3 Y& [0 I- P% H( _ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ `* _; a" V! G' K, ` 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! n* n; }+ J8 i; K" B 10. Newspapers and journals
# I( m. p, u; g 11. Records, radio, and television. k$ B; n$ ?( g ^5 U* M1 j5 y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" j: L3 S; T5 {5 h6 q* l* H, f# {
1 c; D b3 C$ b) {Group Representations
. F" \6 X: I% J: I* G$ h% ^ ~ 13. Deputations5 \1 x [0 B3 H) P4 z3 Z& ^9 A' Y
14. Mock awards: _( ]: J) F6 G) p: J1 b
15. Group lobbying
; N0 ?4 ~+ x( q" c. K9 X 16. Picketing3 Q" H6 B8 x. X5 P2 c; M2 K
17. Mock elections
$ V4 n* Z- T9 ~6 \5 Y3 }' O2 T5 C) ]
Symbolic Public Acts
6 d; I5 |9 ^. X6 e+ X. J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( u" t4 z0 Y; m& U/ z) A% w* H+ P 19. Wearing of symbols
$ J$ ]. _$ \( Y 20. Prayer and worship$ P5 j& m' e5 Q- A& D/ O8 S1 Y
21. Delivering symbolic objects0 ?9 Q! c# G# P7 B
22. Protest disrobings. [9 _4 z' Y& |
23. Destruction of own property2 i0 p9 M4 p5 H; g' u8 a
24. Symbolic lights
3 c/ z7 Z! j+ ?1 l) g1 W) u- B: n 25. Displays of portraits3 U- H" M+ T! S# a
26. Paint as protest- h) @; L# q1 j$ X. @0 }
27. New signs and names
) C( o5 {1 H- c# s 28. Symbolic sounds
& n% A( S! N. f 29. Symbolic reclamations; i/ F% N/ u6 |* K) w
30. Rude gestures! Z4 p. b) H0 M( i+ t
2 u$ u) V: U6 X$ D$ C9 k) d( F YPressures on Individuals
1 C" ]( [$ M7 C+ r2 X 31. “Haunting” officials8 E) F, _! `& s; E& {
32. Taunting officials
# w K b4 V+ u+ [ 33. Fraternization$ d1 w1 ? Z: B
34. Vigils
* Q( w+ Y/ ?# ]5 D7 ?+ R2 B! I- n) [) L
Drama and Music
3 o1 c4 U( W/ Q) c' C9 z# t9 D 35. Humorous skits and pranks
o8 l/ U" i8 u& e1 D/ h+ d- z7 e# ^ v 36. Performances of plays and music& n3 v$ d, ^' F8 R
37. Singing& x5 N/ t1 q0 _4 D% N+ q- y
S3 i; @2 ~5 M* R
Processions
5 B% r F9 O, v; o5 l 38. Marches$ c- U! \8 R$ @2 Y) F/ u3 g
39. Parades9 M( z$ }! Q# L' Z8 i$ w
40. Religious processions( _' z A/ ~! Y
41. Pilgrimages" } L {7 z0 N% X
42. Motorcades/ x9 B. J/ a# x( h' @# K# l( x1 J
2 w6 b& B9 `: vHonoring the Dead
/ [9 G/ L8 L9 q+ |1 Q) ` 43. Political mourning
; i) U9 D- f7 V; ~# I% K 44. Mock funerals$ E: J' m" H% P0 G$ |$ C
45. Demonstrative funerals
, O$ H+ I# B3 Y3 s; V' G 46. Homage at burial places
% o9 H& g% z$ A
4 Q" W/ \- e( U9 W5 n" P+ G! d JPublic Assemblies
7 ` O$ n3 t3 m 47. Assemblies of protest or support* S* m; n6 B& S! X% [; k4 s
48. Protest meetings8 `9 v: ^3 v: W' k2 ^) Y$ [* ^
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( z, G6 l4 x. S. u- q7 K5 G 50. Teach-ins4 f" S" s# x% v3 B9 W5 |" t
. h( \3 v+ g4 _2 G, rWithdrawal and Renunciation9 A& R e3 m: S/ {2 E2 F6 ?9 Q) Y! I
51. Walk-outs; s. @' e: E8 Y
52. Silence
% v# k: z% U- c$ I# q 53. Renouncing honors2 p7 O+ ^& C/ a: p+ e |% Q- E/ P9 N
54. Turning one’s back+ d5 `8 \6 }; _& S
# \' W: D. _9 F( x$ |# L7 _
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$ m- R: G- J* q" G; }( y% P/ BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION A, e) u+ r) F1 R: {$ H& P* ~
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, A, n3 C" ?/ i9 z, U: z6 s! V7 Z* F$ M( ~# w
Ostracism of Persons/ d6 }% F" s- G0 [, _: F6 L8 i
55. Social boycott( v3 ^! ~/ b" ]
56. Selective social boycott3 _; o# Q3 Q/ \& X* G
57. Lysistratic nonaction0 r: [6 K" F: c) h8 a2 p) a% C
58. Excommunication
# ^6 F; O% j6 D 59. Interdict
7 C1 ~$ v9 |& j; ~2 n+ p1 c! A3 K4 E9 _. J
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 t8 A5 |8 f8 ~2 R6 {: X' f+ P% G
60. Suspension of social and sports activities. \0 a9 c) h# O5 y
61. Boycott of social affairs7 o; ?5 ]( W* e# x" _2 D* A
62. Student strike
1 H; t3 a% R1 W! e0 M: @1 j( R 63. Social disobedience
; f# l' s* z; W" Y P+ x 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 K \& Y9 T/ ?( y$ e9 ^0 M' M$ C: z4 x
Withdrawal from the Social System# M. A) E3 z p: m9 z
65. Stay-at-home
: D* ^/ v5 B5 M9 F* { 66. Total personal noncooperation) c) P6 ^% _! V: h# l
67. “Flight” of workers
+ c" p. c, w8 E# ^9 L. X 68. Sanctuary' N& X" W. g, Z
69. Collective disappearance
# ^$ O$ O- K$ }8 u- [' O' B* h* { 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 n9 s5 A8 w" D1 M
3 M: @) F1 n* ^- n; f ( I$ G( J2 r2 S3 c$ t' ^1 Z' P
9 K6 z, d. N O6 a2 `7 F. S, ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
: |" D) A! ^) i" t$ E) c! v) C/ |: l( C
4 }& s5 |# l1 B4 z( d" P; }Actions by Consumers( W, ^+ a3 J# U% i5 [) H7 I
71. Consumers’ boycott
! R$ Y! `# U8 S 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 g. x( I2 d+ p
73. Policy of austerity$ X8 x5 K3 T6 r2 ?
74. Rent withholding9 f7 t$ j- Q& Q8 }/ t4 P9 l
75. Refusal to rent
- L- V/ m2 Q @9 R 76. National consumers’ boycott
0 |" i( `2 D& } 77. International consumers’ boycott
* x/ v- S2 Z; b x9 Z: K* F$ D$ M
Action by Workers and Producers8 d7 ?) d C1 \0 z% h. u t7 W6 V
78. Workmen’s boycott
; W1 s; S2 r- u9 Q f r2 y 79. Producers’ boycott
/ d1 A( R- v+ y+ J& R4 r6 t$ R7 O9 y# o9 ]
Action by Middlemen
$ t: q* o$ F5 h 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 h- n) ]1 @0 |) q4 t+ `8 m4 }
0 X s& I' m' Z9 Q0 E. @! a/ \Action by Owners and Management$ u+ c$ ?4 D' D$ N" p4 M2 ^2 Q
81. Traders’ boycott( z$ Y' ?' Y. P: e
82. Refusal to let or sell property
# D+ @* i, d- y) r: e 83. Lockout
2 d, c. ^" V0 h7 O) X 84. Refusal of industrial assistance- Z# t/ q+ z8 |! I4 k1 X! [
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ W7 {) P6 s; S5 o- }4 ~" a# D5 M5 O) h4 B4 M' u
Action by Holders of Financial Resources4 g! Z, L; H' i, y1 d6 n" q' j
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: N! q) K0 V: S3 U8 W1 j7 b6 {& g
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ s/ y8 f3 j3 I& u! I1 _" H 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( [+ C0 c) A+ p& X
89. Severance of funds and credit2 l* F0 L9 g2 s7 _! |9 I* W% v6 v' N
90. Revenue refusal
+ k. P g( ?0 S) i6 T0 B0 q 91. Refusal of a government’s money ^8 Y [) `7 B
`! C! p6 y4 N- `0 ]
Action by Governments+ x; Q7 V) ^8 r6 ?6 n3 B6 w
92. Domestic embargo
8 L- `! _' Z+ v. ?% Z. \ 93. Blacklisting of traders
' V: w+ O7 s3 m: X; ^5 O- U+ _ 94. International sellers’ embargo
& E! M: Y' r' t: c 95. International buyers’ embargo, }/ J7 T) O0 F" O& n: y
96. International trade embargo. e d+ I- I5 t, N# ?2 W# m; y k
8 ]2 ^5 B1 h* B$ U' K9 l, ~( [- O ' K/ h- t: W9 F( Z! s+ \
& y, D* }% c) c' l
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 g$ ~( q8 B/ R. Q+ [( N3 o' W
# ~9 d9 x) g7 m 8 P# S: f8 ~& I9 H6 t
Symbolic Strikes) G. d- W7 I/ s$ n+ b
97. Protest strike4 C3 x+ d+ m! `$ v0 ?8 `
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& g; s" ]& L9 D: k5 F# q/ V X
3 q2 I8 u3 |( E# ^
Agricultural Strikes
- R$ s# C; \" n5 g8 C 99. Peasant strike. K* a" k8 S" K7 w% Z
100. Farm Workers’ strike
. P: M' W# k% Y+ l4 R7 y* O) i8 {1 j% ], l6 i" s0 j
Strikes by Special Groups0 f, [/ V1 d& ]4 r: W0 G Q j
101. Refusal of impressed labor
; M7 Q" K6 m/ B+ b: e0 V' D 102. Prisoners’ strike# ~" j6 {0 F5 u8 N
103. Craft strike2 u9 r2 p3 p( V# ?9 i g
104. Professional strike
l: u$ Y% N: {( t% H- ^
$ T- V% T6 @6 _6 b0 A8 H3 U! u; ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 G( y# m$ q4 @- l" D4 G
105. Establishment strike
' a: J" ?$ O: P& p: ~ 106. Industry strike
% C. b0 w5 X7 ~8 W a 107. Sympathetic strike) }* F* v5 h5 c; G1 D, G
1 O2 X& b& n% m: ?3 ]Restricted Strikes! ?) E8 _% f4 `
108. Detailed strike
: Y) A/ B% ~- y% G! \ 109. Bumper strike
3 R9 ]7 g4 w' _' \ 110. Slowdown strike
6 b+ S) I- S! m3 @& l 111. Working-to-rule strike
( k3 n W8 g% L& z t2 g 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ ~$ i' w% d1 f% A! N( G" a 113. Strike by resignation; z. @, V4 W$ j8 d6 _# ^; R4 l
114. Limited strike' k5 w- `5 q* u3 O- L
115. Selective strike$ v' ^ A0 J- S/ Z
6 ~( U" s% R! B
Multi-Industry Strikes H( c5 P1 |0 @2 A; o8 A0 w
/ k- G% @: g6 x; G) G 116. Generalized strike" w( ]! h/ _6 g8 r( ?( L
$ y! k7 u2 g6 e4 |' B9 K) t 117. General strike
. B3 F2 Z# p/ _9 y; W0 n9 g+ B) w( z3 ]
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; {% r( S7 f0 P
( f" e3 ` B6 C' _9 n3 y/ w
118. Hartal
8 O- p& }5 n: i# E0 h- P( _
3 a+ Y$ c& H" q 119. Economic shutdown
$ k& D& A, n5 F; W: m) r5 X
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% X/ J, [3 m% f0 J/ H% R ]. C5 }9 v4 G& D$ d# r
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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?! x- V; @( z4 h) Y+ ^/ l. DRejection of Authority
2 M2 q' ]9 L, h$ G' w J) \1 ^ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, b; R6 e; q( l+ I3 g r
121. Refusal of public support# z9 V" \( M- H% f+ B) q# `
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ {% O& ]; X+ X- p! h
1 s7 J. K9 N; g' r2 e% P' XCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government! Q' g% C) `+ Z2 z
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 }, W$ c- ]% { 124. Boycott of elections
0 D! ~& B9 d0 ?( G# i 125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 A- |% @( y- G' C- j$ [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ P* f1 D! h" e; J1 }9 I9 }9 [+ a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 K1 ?3 h* i! D
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ j8 t5 }: s) b! }" I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' l8 q: E' X( r, n: k
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ p; i7 x8 c& L6 ~, h; z3 G4 m 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 e+ b* e+ A3 k3 {6 z F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- J2 G- A" r9 R( C5 K0 \- j1 G' c& S/ f7 C, F! ~
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 Y! x/ n& X1 T' N7 V 133. Reluctant and slow compliance% \# f3 m: f5 v0 p
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; t* l |8 T D7 X, b6 U! }! ^. I3 X 135. Popular nonobedience4 `/ {" h! } } Q
136. Disguised disobedience
: s7 S: O5 l! `- e3 I 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 p& _9 z/ }1 F6 h* @ 138. Sitdown! D7 h1 { [! e T3 r
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 l% w, m: K0 N! D( u5 j 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities9 S1 b! | b. |
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 X! j2 q( ]8 B6 o+ b; w4 k, G
4 g: ^: p) F1 p% @Action by Government Personnel) Z- s$ u( [( e0 g9 U
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% d) z8 q$ A; Z. { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# Z7 ~6 J a+ J) M 144. Stalling and obstruction% A- ?, M# ?& k# R( t
145. General administrative noncooperation
+ }) F* V# s" v& N+ A/ T! @3 f2 Q! l' `3 Q
146. Judicial noncooperation0 C3 s0 z8 }8 B
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* B% l6 G& ~& s4 b# ^
148. Mutiny4 g2 ~, {. I$ @; k" H* Q/ p
Domestic Governmental Action
8 j9 A" q! F$ l& {* E5 @' c 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- [: K4 J3 x. G1 }" ~6 Q. w5 `
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
/ ?4 b% F/ M' Q% j6 J$ g( y: H( z" b+ _6 h# k. n7 {# h
International Governmental Action* ^! z! E" \) z* f; o6 p$ s" a
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 P+ \' J w1 z- d 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ F5 h; R# l( S0 b& G0 M8 z
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( ~; r9 y( J3 E 154. Severance of diplomatic relations; j% E6 q5 `! y4 ~3 }1 w
155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ e! _) E7 W4 }& v4 [7 ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* }8 B1 U3 K6 b. q* M$ ?
157. Expulsion from international organizations# I, ] _$ q3 P4 h8 c1 z7 s
; H# h' O1 C* {. c
E7 b5 V5 `+ ^7 |1 }# }
- q3 O6 { h) Q1 e7 r8 N4 DTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ K4 ^5 J/ A. ]8 ?
+ q0 m8 ]& W1 ^# X" D" p8 W7 `' W
6 r8 h' g. O% d' \, Z0 L9 A# IPsychological Intervention1 R1 h& P0 j6 J- R+ d4 C. K
158. Self-exposure to the elements
Y! b" P, G0 l* [ e% U9 l 159. The fast
% b1 F" X% y0 b# b- { a) Fast of moral pressure! S2 ]3 {- E& J& {
b) Hunger strike
& Y ~" q# D) l3 @ c) Satyagrahic fast0 k1 C' N) u& e8 I
160. Reverse trial
. x O/ ?9 [( {7 f' n 161. Nonviolent harassment
0 n6 `" ], X1 B0 E4 N. `
& }9 D, H: o% U2 c! j BPhysical Intervention* z% P* |$ L! B/ t
162. Sit-in
5 k# v! V/ R! [' J) ^" B) j* e* S 163. Stand-in
0 p1 ^2 L5 L/ G, b: J) y9 h* Q5 X2 I* K 164. Ride-in
# w( s0 k; J1 T; C( f( ~ 165. Wade-in' T" j9 y, j4 T6 Y6 _ B1 \
166. Mill-in5 y- z2 n! K" c4 Y, s5 t2 f3 s
167. Pray-in
$ k6 n5 t, y3 N+ [5 ~5 ~ 168. Nonviolent raids
- N* O1 W+ C& U8 K 169. Nonviolent air raids
) m7 u5 V6 d0 \ 170. Nonviolent invasion
" E7 w' k- `+ z0 Q! ^" E 171. Nonviolent interjection& O5 ]1 O/ B$ s
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 o& U2 M7 Y& Q$ N# n+ i" w5 `* u9 Y- U 173. Nonviolent occupation
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) b) o+ H) I8 eSocial Intervention1 q; B" h5 L Q' B" x7 m
174. Establishing new social patterns
4 h* A% C/ c) ^5 p/ R! Y9 Y 175. Overloading of facilities
- H( X9 ~% Q" Z+ B. h- k 176. Stall-in2 v7 g8 `* x" Q/ y2 I4 \
177. Speak-in) ]; i7 \7 W" O0 `7 d B' H2 ?
178. Guerrilla theater. @% f2 `! ?5 s+ F: K. K
179. Alternative social institutions1 n1 J2 M* X. [# q( m
180. Alternative communication system" J$ {; U: M" ]1 V! s
% J4 U0 \, Y, ?. z9 ^, k& @, W* K
Economic Intervention. l; M0 y. o( U, k: h+ Y
181. Reverse strike ]0 ^4 u3 C: }/ T0 f
182. Stay-in strike
6 N6 i, c) F6 r9 N 183. Nonviolent land seizure3 A: v3 n, T9 {+ g* R
184. Defiance of blockades+ w* v! ~2 t* }+ a# D5 X" j
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( n8 q' H" V7 g" i 186. Preclusive purchasing4 G/ l' ~+ q& k. J' s4 z' D
187. Seizure of assets" \) n8 z% E1 @8 i
188. Dumping8 W' I7 _! O: H4 _8 x# A+ W3 l
189. Selective patronage
1 A% L J- g3 ^. d9 G% l+ | 190. Alternative markets
4 N* V: Y/ h# F2 S' E. v% w 191. Alternative transportation systems! L+ J Y7 }: E& {% a- O
192. Alternative economic institutions8 r4 ]( r3 w; G" g
! F4 W9 p( j( @! W+ \; a" g% ~Political Intervention& t9 e8 V+ V7 I
193. Overloading of administrative systems
& ^# a# T3 T9 {4 f x7 @6 _( ? 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( T* X* m! S. h% \8 C 195. Seeking imprisonment
8 i! v$ A! n! m) ^( s7 I2 [ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 k3 j3 j' a- W+ G4 _; c# S
197. Work-on without collaboration7 f; V& G. |+ I4 \ n
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
8 U3 G8 F7 ^3 X+ `, K9 a# y* v# H9 N' B$ k1 f/ V
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
