 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' P0 a0 a+ x6 J. D
Formal Statements! W; D5 ~# x: |% r* W0 @5 [7 k
1. Public Speeches* g( A; x. ~7 m z- Z1 k2 P
2. Letters of opposition or support
% K1 u* X* e5 N 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 R9 [; C2 C% ^& Y( B4 k Z
4. Signed public statements2 z6 @0 V+ p g. n$ ?
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ u( H5 M/ n6 \& t: q @ 6. Group or mass petitions" r: `, i3 p, `+ a
$ U* X6 Z# W0 A& ?
Communications with a Wider Audience+ ?5 G8 v8 f4 \. c) v$ y3 p! X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
. [( _% J- O9 w* g$ A- e% ~ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' `# @: M S& F% D# F: ` 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" p* N2 B y& {, x' Y; j& O9 S5 H4 B1 d 10. Newspapers and journals/ }0 F7 i9 s8 P3 a+ _2 v1 a) G4 _
11. Records, radio, and television: R! M5 v3 L& l5 a* ^* a
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; B8 W4 e' E: P" N
2 ~" `9 m- u' t7 e" G. q6 M/ CGroup Representations
$ K2 e( H0 a8 Y& }( {" e" e 13. Deputations# s; o+ [% J' F/ k
14. Mock awards; b' j: O% p# x' A
15. Group lobbying
* Q. y' L/ c( M1 m9 M5 H 16. Picketing! D8 u3 {- R* g& M) _/ g/ D
17. Mock elections2 k/ }9 Y. O O: D* U) j7 I7 ~
8 t6 }; P! P" o% m0 h& E$ V1 e3 V
Symbolic Public Acts3 C# z, `3 `5 f$ F4 S/ Y. b
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: D# j- J2 g/ v7 T w p
19. Wearing of symbols! s1 R- X5 J+ c# E5 l$ G% S
20. Prayer and worship
* Q* D3 g( t$ Q! G* D 21. Delivering symbolic objects/ s+ T2 g$ P0 z( |4 G
22. Protest disrobings
3 R Y6 m6 U4 W. t 23. Destruction of own property8 }5 y" G) |$ f A& ^ v& F
24. Symbolic lights, x4 O0 c2 O$ e V
25. Displays of portraits$ R. }8 p/ h: y# u" a& R7 \
26. Paint as protest
! f7 m; v/ K r& N6 d z3 v# i 27. New signs and names
+ e; W+ O, @7 V) F3 K# m* g+ `3 q. d7 v 28. Symbolic sounds6 j- h v% K" [! U% {/ F' ]
29. Symbolic reclamations
+ X& L- N0 h# q7 F" F5 _3 o 30. Rude gestures
( f& c" X/ A& p" C8 w: o! ~2 W% j
Pressures on Individuals o$ g- `. ?! @2 {: @& S! G* Z! l
31. “Haunting” officials
1 X6 `5 Z6 @4 |* s 32. Taunting officials8 g, l+ o$ V {, j4 i( `1 b
33. Fraternization3 B9 A }1 O3 l* \, A [1 p- z6 T6 {
34. Vigils$ M9 Z9 f0 w0 K I9 m
; g; X3 ~2 Z: ?1 C% G( z; p
Drama and Music
2 I$ C8 ^( U, t2 c* ? 35. Humorous skits and pranks/ o4 B- `, ]+ c$ L
36. Performances of plays and music
& B5 _3 |# s: n& A8 M- E 37. Singing
7 P! J. S$ ^" Z, Z: K1 `' V2 J8 C- B. c e
Processions7 ]+ E& ~- N, U @
38. Marches8 `/ d- {: k& C* N; F4 r5 p% D% H7 P9 S
39. Parades% m5 |: j! r3 d: ? E# u
40. Religious processions1 f/ K3 H A5 V% \3 s
41. Pilgrimages
5 o5 F, T1 D& r 42. Motorcades6 |' n9 D* _- x. M& z5 V
$ S4 v: |" W( ~: `: r& I
Honoring the Dead2 h5 \5 `; T6 B3 _
43. Political mourning. W" Q2 [$ S+ {. s/ z5 U4 A0 S7 W9 Q% G# d
44. Mock funerals
$ ^3 @2 t. W% o/ }6 p8 D3 ] 45. Demonstrative funerals
( z5 j9 ]6 R8 D/ L5 r1 P3 k* L( l8 b/ | 46. Homage at burial places9 C/ x3 \# _ O1 p
6 T, l+ F# K- `/ HPublic Assemblies
. l9 ~1 a. e' I( j' z 47. Assemblies of protest or support/ ?3 w. z! k% e% X1 w
48. Protest meetings
3 p6 N/ {/ M. W) s4 @ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 e1 c3 K: W% q9 @% h% q
50. Teach-ins
/ }0 ~2 M ^2 x- ]
" ]3 y' a: q/ ^) r3 @# hWithdrawal and Renunciation
0 C- L4 H( z3 N) I A: Y8 ~3 w 51. Walk-outs
1 x. T. c2 v* g' H$ G6 W8 c 52. Silence
; `3 C1 `% d; N/ `0 H0 B' ~" B8 k+ z) x% j 53. Renouncing honors4 Q6 D1 \6 C; P/ z8 b) D* r. O
54. Turning one’s back( _+ S* `6 P' F' I- b
5 `4 a0 f4 w& T) B) E
! B v* _! I) E" j" z9 S% p: X' ^
) ] h% n# ?1 V# g1 iTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 w. k9 N1 E3 A1 I/ s
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9 Z3 G+ A% p, |5 t1 ~
, Z0 x5 X9 J: \$ ^9 V# P$ a
Ostracism of Persons
0 A0 {& J; r8 e- {5 c. o1 x- z 55. Social boycott- o( E/ K+ Y6 B, @
56. Selective social boycott% E' _& h6 x3 T8 s5 ^
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 c; d# A0 Y) {) ~8 E 58. Excommunication
5 }% j% T$ i1 I7 G: T# N; O 59. Interdict
9 }9 _/ u2 d+ C* X* a2 n6 Z: C3 W1 u8 x" H7 n8 U
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 g; U" }: Z b& F3 Y, p% c4 H# q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# M* q* K! w) P 61. Boycott of social affairs A1 Q- k) ]$ Z5 L( T% m- O0 c5 g
62. Student strike
, `/ X) e5 R& ?4 N 63. Social disobedience
8 H; [4 o+ M$ v) e' x, b5 l* S 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
" M" o; p; K. q* }$ x
: B1 L; X0 F! I8 Y2 w3 j7 WWithdrawal from the Social System
# ^6 d8 u& ]5 d J/ o 65. Stay-at-home
5 Q0 ]6 q4 j! `" l% `5 ? 66. Total personal noncooperation
, Y2 i' n6 k* g6 Z- u: p 67. “Flight” of workers
% Z4 R$ F4 y0 y6 @5 y 68. Sanctuary" j, w1 J; Y; q% V
69. Collective disappearance) ^: B; u7 r4 f. _! E
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) d, v1 w1 [: ^
1 e6 M ~8 M$ T" f7 U- O6 u ! _ F; Q+ l& G; p0 l- _+ V
- o H0 ?4 V, Y- ~- W e i- r( ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 C) J/ I7 Z; p, t7 D
- x P2 ~ i$ `$ T
% s, q* u7 o+ d3 X" Y+ sActions by Consumers
2 `; N8 O9 U3 B9 u6 ]( X 71. Consumers’ boycott
0 `( D$ w" J$ ]- R; P 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" ^, S* a1 G/ j& o" _ 73. Policy of austerity' I) a+ N2 {' Y2 t5 `8 O* C
74. Rent withholding* F0 E/ |/ U8 E( t
75. Refusal to rent) w/ q5 ?- u# q B! q1 J
76. National consumers’ boycott( D6 k2 Z8 D- N d4 F: N1 y! g
77. International consumers’ boycott! ~' Q% J9 t; L' s
7 h& D/ s% d, w
Action by Workers and Producers/ Y$ u7 Q1 L# K @8 i! F+ U( o Y
78. Workmen’s boycott
g7 W) n6 V8 e$ i2 f 79. Producers’ boycott
7 P6 f3 f c0 G+ s& j
; v( {3 t2 V! AAction by Middlemen
$ I8 I/ D# {' {$ w 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ i8 T0 f- w; y: x: g! A
: I: z& n) c5 A& T: Y1 M2 h, _Action by Owners and Management" [0 C) H# a% J, o1 r8 g% G
81. Traders’ boycott
; |: q7 _+ y9 P& P7 S# c: k' |. Y& V 82. Refusal to let or sell property
* u# t# Y& D7 o( R% r0 h3 } 83. Lockout
* s) \6 j: P) `! r 84. Refusal of industrial assistance. S$ H- n7 ?2 c. B
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' V Y f- R: P8 a4 x* v3 ]
8 h; E7 J$ o" B$ eAction by Holders of Financial Resources0 w3 s7 C; D2 ]. C
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! |6 P3 W% g6 |1 B* ] 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. ] k7 f! n8 b; {( h 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 y9 `. d: J. C8 {
89. Severance of funds and credit( }# C& A; y! Q0 x4 u
90. Revenue refusal& O% I7 w& G/ b
91. Refusal of a government’s money5 Z3 R8 ?+ ~$ m- s1 x
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Action by Governments
: B3 [. e6 X% m! E: @" u 92. Domestic embargo
6 \( H9 K N4 E( s 93. Blacklisting of traders
' y4 Y+ i, q0 z* R$ Y. | 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ I- R$ i7 c4 y3 {2 C 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ q$ b0 `, J. }* R2 J% A 96. International trade embargo
/ Z0 x8 m: v1 J8 H# I% w1 w9 |5 @6 w- \& T0 o9 d
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& }1 ^* K) Z' s) ]4 ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( q! C) ?7 l4 U& D
0 s( D9 d1 ?* ~ & R B1 d7 ?) n+ [4 u1 \
Symbolic Strikes" s( k2 X- \0 X# V
97. Protest strike' i/ w2 f+ J5 U, \, x
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 R S V" S0 o4 S' A6 L; f% \' `6 @. `
Agricultural Strikes+ w; Y/ @7 T7 a; K. A
99. Peasant strike
* ^3 Y* i- o; `6 q- V- a 100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 T3 X3 X9 z3 C; F, m/ ?1 h2 C
! U- D) }6 _2 n+ i6 a$ U Z: B: UStrikes by Special Groups) P" F2 `; u$ e4 ~1 e
101. Refusal of impressed labor
: E5 i7 {. i) B# | 102. Prisoners’ strike
' z+ c" D5 L/ j' _8 I n 103. Craft strike* x# A6 X4 k+ `; g$ ^0 @! c
104. Professional strike
3 d9 W6 K: y9 S; I2 L) h5 A* ~. g0 u1 ?0 N( J) \- C
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
6 W' T7 d. T3 E3 p$ n 105. Establishment strike+ Y" l7 v/ ~6 c. m$ w
106. Industry strike
6 O& d9 g: e0 N8 T0 `6 s 107. Sympathetic strike( t2 E9 z8 a' o% g3 p, D
0 P* R' D+ k9 `1 R; iRestricted Strikes- J+ c7 k5 f. x& K* J
108. Detailed strike
# w& @- C5 ]: y! Y- [- F1 ?% }! D 109. Bumper strike W+ p2 f! R' f' U% m4 ^
110. Slowdown strike
8 e/ l0 z( B) L6 L& R- `) L 111. Working-to-rule strike
0 ~5 X& W: M m8 H( t X% g 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 o( o/ t! P: j: } 113. Strike by resignation( S' V- f1 |; w1 b* c; [
114. Limited strike8 j! o9 M6 j: ^4 E0 l0 }
115. Selective strike% z4 k' s! Q$ \* n! J
$ c* @* x7 ~6 G8 G+ ^8 v0 MMulti-Industry Strikes9 J" v& ]5 T f w
$ l# R# a" ~2 |- c9 { 116. Generalized strike
3 G+ D4 d+ G) Y" n9 ^
3 v S6 L a6 z0 \* _* [ 117. General strike
' ~. |* R7 O$ D5 d! T7 P [/ t2 K6 i! y7 _% @
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ l( j1 c" C- L, z X( P: ?2 e; w
118. Hartal
( K y' T4 m6 L7 F( X$ O
4 x& S6 c5 V& M% G3 ~ 119. Economic shutdown$ ? Y: H: C3 Q1 G9 K k) C
1 G) C5 H: B( P
4 [2 O7 [0 V }
- M$ e$ p% F2 f# `8 ~6 Q. CTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 i5 W4 G) B) z( h, L
0 ]- U0 j/ P; ~" R+ ~
$ T+ \5 f5 S) a$ l. C& o& MRejection of Authority5 G9 h% [; s% @3 d6 `- b+ I
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* A& k# d" A- C' E 121. Refusal of public support
8 v) {0 q$ {5 V! T4 P, S# {4 X [ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 t* c: s/ @) E' w
# ?4 x2 N8 b' j& }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government. B" s9 @' w* U5 w+ U
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 A- `5 Q) @. } U
124. Boycott of elections
' b+ P- c; ~. v& _# o$ l" J/ k 125. Boycott of government employment and positions: ^/ t6 @! P" {! c: x- ]: {
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ g) y ~. W0 m$ Z/ y P# Y& ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# Z3 @$ i4 A3 O `) G! a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 {1 r4 | v8 W$ P( `! U" e& I 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ P2 ^& z: Z7 B/ E3 X 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) J, }( H. l" H( b6 D8 X% {/ k
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' W; }7 u) r) S! C' g a8 N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 b8 N4 ]& R7 F
6 {% t! [, m& b' s# A; p9 O' X' ~' x
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& B) h6 ~, c0 ?+ x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 M2 o, t; k- y( T) [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 t( K. R) |% t0 a, l' Z) ? 135. Popular nonobedience
; O( r0 B% _1 h k) ` 136. Disguised disobedience3 C5 F3 }5 Y, ^8 ~5 W5 D8 H/ S
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* Y9 @+ b" k# q) C8 M 138. Sitdown
2 e. B! d' }% A5 ^3 T" E$ m! ` 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation, X/ ~% H+ C. Q# G3 k
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 Z( r1 w+ j$ g+ V6 f 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 ]% P* T2 Q! |7 w. n2 V0 i
" o) { X. x, S& P$ j3 V, rAction by Government Personnel) J3 V% ?2 E: h3 H/ P l1 W
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ [! _" C$ V% A" T# d, k5 W( I+ z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% X7 l0 U0 w+ i0 a8 u0 m 144. Stalling and obstruction" K9 ?3 r3 E5 x& ~8 L
145. General administrative noncooperation
5 H9 ], L& W- q5 ]: {4 z$ `# G/ ?& n! @; c$ c/ F Y9 V+ ], c2 c
146. Judicial noncooperation1 a" @. D( e" u8 Q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" c) S, {6 f) ]$ u& l: w
148. Mutiny1 ~/ T) e5 \ T7 x( O$ Y
Domestic Governmental Action
( v* a+ A. Q4 ]; Q0 Q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, I6 h; K+ E: Y( ?* x- w: n 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% k2 }3 y2 O- l6 V) Q
6 D. k4 Q; d `! h. o) w
International Governmental Action6 w& }- W# ^/ w
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 M6 H+ Z* k4 a7 ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ q2 L) L0 Y8 G: \9 |
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition' y6 a0 t8 x ^' N2 ]
154. Severance of diplomatic relations, I% `$ u1 B% |. d
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* l) Z1 O8 v- L9 d
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( B* ]' |6 [' U; a. v+ r$ t+ F! j 157. Expulsion from international organizations
# X& `& Y- f+ h# k! i7 k, D( d
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( t% |) h$ M) r" t9 T2 H+ [/ L8 n+ u& f7 w4 o1 v0 o
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. c8 { h' Y$ h4 O. m' ?) z9 a6 y: {
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9 V# |, p1 U3 D; \8 }+ H# n
Psychological Intervention
8 m1 n3 ]* L' k- s 158. Self-exposure to the elements2 D3 {. j8 K8 }! a7 @
159. The fast# J3 w6 [, s7 ]! [" n
a) Fast of moral pressure/ ? b+ ]* N" J C' T
b) Hunger strike' i+ ^6 @6 t; ~0 ~2 Q7 k& V! P
c) Satyagrahic fast- U9 \3 `( P9 b) X8 Z
160. Reverse trial5 D$ L2 W8 z4 T9 o7 D
161. Nonviolent harassment2 e& Z3 R7 B/ t# G3 u ]/ C
9 d8 h! H9 z) I2 m( n+ r* d- wPhysical Intervention
5 C) H, D& D5 y# H2 Q 162. Sit-in- f v1 @$ r/ V
163. Stand-in9 H7 s" y+ W( v
164. Ride-in9 z' M* O v: C% o" q2 `5 S1 P4 x
165. Wade-in
4 L6 e$ o2 k+ G( | 166. Mill-in
7 W" S8 I( Y- L, w: t# `& `) Z 167. Pray-in; r+ a. Z& T4 o8 k
168. Nonviolent raids# F' D7 p. ` A
169. Nonviolent air raids& b! _( R8 |% f* q
170. Nonviolent invasion
/ x# z4 m: s9 U5 w1 s% W' V 171. Nonviolent interjection
0 Q% K3 q" x N, k/ P+ }3 L 172. Nonviolent obstruction4 @7 z* @+ u; ]. H* [
173. Nonviolent occupation: S, i5 s2 V7 |: y/ }# f `8 {
* n8 [, p& ?9 A" E# l; m' M
Social Intervention
) U+ T2 q5 y, O4 y5 {) [# W5 B 174. Establishing new social patterns
# F2 j/ l/ ]! Y! I1 s) o% Z 175. Overloading of facilities
) ~- v4 e) w' |! ^7 W5 N) Z" J 176. Stall-in; O G# q- X/ P# e# |6 H( b. u
177. Speak-in" W/ w/ m. r, w4 h
178. Guerrilla theater3 {. j0 M' U: L9 {( _
179. Alternative social institutions
+ x2 M& i7 J! N* p 180. Alternative communication system$ Z% T3 W1 Z5 f# E( ~! c
3 ]! T: ?) D, J) o
Economic Intervention
4 ` y$ [' h8 o9 F- y 181. Reverse strike
" ~3 }3 \& g: M7 k% T1 i. q- F* i6 d 182. Stay-in strike+ E6 A( Y. H! j( a4 b/ F- B
183. Nonviolent land seizure
) f0 V9 e8 x# u( ^: I8 v 184. Defiance of blockades
) K; U' n/ g9 _$ m' o# Q' Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* B* e$ E9 X b4 o# d+ I) H
186. Preclusive purchasing
# n" k) h0 w& a/ ~$ p 187. Seizure of assets
8 f6 P, w- N; ]* c: c 188. Dumping O+ G# P: ~' ?5 m' t. B: K- H
189. Selective patronage3 a1 I' M5 K7 S" q/ L4 N6 M
190. Alternative markets7 v) \4 y2 L; e/ W, L' c2 [
191. Alternative transportation systems
/ I) _- m ^3 k y [) K 192. Alternative economic institutions; ~+ [$ n6 u! q7 S) W: b/ \% f5 \
' p N+ t7 v6 ?' H+ G T) c' wPolitical Intervention) K; _# T* T0 L% f- v6 j$ D) v" f
193. Overloading of administrative systems: j- D. c1 {4 I4 w
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 z. v$ {) k" n0 N+ n% @9 Y1 O 195. Seeking imprisonment
4 B; T7 E# t3 O6 Q& A% w 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ `3 q- @+ |5 g2 B
197. Work-on without collaboration9 \& v1 F) ~( Y& \5 ?1 c( P1 b
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 K7 i. v2 R+ Z" X* q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
