 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
L1 E+ P: W. Y4 t3 `& e* eFormal Statements
4 O! p& z# l6 h( z 1. Public Speeches
2 Q8 v0 s8 U Z 2. Letters of opposition or support
: q& b$ m! ? y9 Z' F' z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ P- ^. }( R4 r7 X; c# \6 f 4. Signed public statements
" n% G( ~# w! T, z8 c2 _1 x 5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 y% q) A( ~7 U0 Z6 y% O2 ~
6. Group or mass petitions
: S; B3 y" k( z& t7 Y
5 {; c* q" P+ D& j9 F x6 XCommunications with a Wider Audience
" L3 |* }9 A! O, y4 d9 `4 c 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ Q. N7 \2 n2 B" s- Q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
C" b! M( V% e. p d 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 L: g: A% v' Y9 V" W* j0 h3 r 10. Newspapers and journals
9 j, D6 L# S2 k& F. q 11. Records, radio, and television" L$ @% \4 J b
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" a5 B& e" ^9 _; d) _" q, z' J
- _# V7 \/ c# e' y% |5 e# U) N
Group Representations; ?# \& l& v5 ?9 K k7 u% r3 y
13. Deputations9 T! u1 B" H% v1 G
14. Mock awards4 |- r: M% R, ]% j- w n4 w
15. Group lobbying
1 T' `! Y! y8 H; g | 16. Picketing
* ]) d- e/ `7 }7 L0 Q' ?; a 17. Mock elections
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! s7 r4 Q0 e& J- Z: j2 bSymbolic Public Acts
; R6 ~$ M/ z5 C% b& c; Y; | c. c9 r 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ @- _2 `" j# K: ?3 J/ u
19. Wearing of symbols
( p! e& x: A. F1 v1 C 20. Prayer and worship* J* v% }7 i& W
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 g8 Q# z% y- m, `7 S+ D8 s( y 22. Protest disrobings
# g a5 y1 f9 N3 `* S2 s ? 23. Destruction of own property2 \+ z: T7 W8 W+ ~6 \
24. Symbolic lights
: }9 u7 q% V: S7 W3 ^ 25. Displays of portraits- K( `- X# v# J' { x o0 s
26. Paint as protest
6 X/ b# z1 i, ^# \/ j 27. New signs and names* N3 [" M* ~: T5 P/ J" B
28. Symbolic sounds
, j; g/ E9 O, P* _5 N- v( L3 y 29. Symbolic reclamations
9 \: @. H2 Z: R H* _1 |, K 30. Rude gestures7 l' m# l' N7 q1 T7 C% k& i
], o& j( J/ r) gPressures on Individuals
2 o/ g( k! J7 D$ q1 f# L" W 31. “Haunting” officials
4 s4 Y! @3 A4 u, g1 }, { 32. Taunting officials' Q: q/ R# x# b; {0 e W* X* s* f
33. Fraternization$ _+ W8 B/ ~0 m" \3 I4 y+ w8 i6 n! r! u
34. Vigils
& r+ g/ P) Z) q7 W9 ~/ m
2 t1 Y$ a; A( y* i- EDrama and Music
( M/ |. s5 Z p: w# C9 v c 35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 Y! C- K# g6 O+ @, x& @% W 36. Performances of plays and music
2 {2 X, P% M# w) I) K7 c2 y 37. Singing2 E1 L7 O* i$ Q$ t4 Q5 @
z+ E) o- }) V: `
Processions& w9 S7 W- F, c3 F
38. Marches4 j) I; `( o- O1 b! y: K& s! y9 ?
39. Parades
) ^0 {, I. u. P6 t1 m9 y/ F 40. Religious processions
$ Q+ K" W g4 \& ^ 41. Pilgrimages9 ?/ n; p, Y3 n0 k- y- L1 W
42. Motorcades; Z1 ^8 w3 u! }
5 u% M0 ~6 l4 S4 j) n
Honoring the Dead5 X% L: w9 _; D. v0 j3 w6 H+ x( F) n
43. Political mourning8 }% L# @' x" Q- m( l# \: C
44. Mock funerals
% O/ ` D- a6 N7 W6 q/ M 45. Demonstrative funerals5 z% S4 ~# q; K* y: L1 D
46. Homage at burial places6 o, n+ b( S$ n9 z. x& g
* J" f* X+ H8 l* U- _7 I8 YPublic Assemblies
- j8 a+ L8 A3 R9 H7 D: } 47. Assemblies of protest or support
. L R; Z. x; ~" `! d$ I 48. Protest meetings- X. n3 r; v9 V$ Z/ ^: ~+ h% j4 [
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! G' N, h9 i& [0 Q9 ^
50. Teach-ins# T$ K: I! f7 _0 `6 ~0 V# b
! q3 Q1 D# B6 f) R1 n8 s8 m8 sWithdrawal and Renunciation
4 P% B' W0 O" g3 g 51. Walk-outs( i9 Z8 s3 u3 U( B, O' S: R
52. Silence
& y; d- m. l- H- A 53. Renouncing honors$ F; X. G0 d ?3 Z. }. W7 K7 |- u
54. Turning one’s back
* ]# {7 `, w. h' I) U, U7 V$ w* D, U5 q% i2 M9 C
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( c0 V! s9 X5 E# ?/ U8 h7 QTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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& g) d* s# S1 N/ ? $ ]: F5 |. E7 E7 V$ Z3 e; U
3 I/ F7 `, h' W# h0 K
Ostracism of Persons1 O& v# u7 m3 ^8 s& P8 ~; v3 s
55. Social boycott' P' l# ~* W6 o( Z+ ]
56. Selective social boycott4 P+ S; h6 l. m! b
57. Lysistratic nonaction
' v, e! N% F+ h" Y 58. Excommunication
4 A6 Z2 n8 A) a9 R 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions K0 |* n) w/ M4 I- p
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# g( f% B: p9 G8 H 61. Boycott of social affairs; L* f+ d$ }$ d0 p( E! k' s! R+ t
62. Student strike6 R1 b3 \( p& y$ ]9 U- k \
63. Social disobedience
0 t0 v6 F$ _6 W% y( b, e 64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 ~; o0 z- U- u' p& P
4 o: b% ?6 P2 e5 M0 O, bWithdrawal from the Social System
/ r6 N1 W8 S$ H! L! ~& C! W 65. Stay-at-home+ d4 z1 {5 E1 z5 o- `
66. Total personal noncooperation* S: Q! Y1 P" l; M" O
67. “Flight” of workers8 X; p$ K+ d5 `8 ~( _) c
68. Sanctuary9 R# A# r- O; C2 P! T( _9 x
69. Collective disappearance
: k5 @# [" M n1 A9 b* t) D 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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6 h( a. R4 c: ~ c. M6 [) k0 r- N4 t9 [. H1 b
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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- ]4 L' j( [4 Q) p2 [* t! RActions by Consumers& M* H+ i- S" E0 S
71. Consumers’ boycott
( v6 k X+ T! v- A% g: x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ X2 W# N, X/ Y3 x1 ~
73. Policy of austerity
: \0 L' e+ t: E3 {; b" v0 Z 74. Rent withholding+ {- ~0 B! o* |8 i2 K
75. Refusal to rent
0 B. T$ Z4 O c c. ?0 s 76. National consumers’ boycott
; J% X8 J- ?# ^ 77. International consumers’ boycott
) ~, G4 m% r- g, F$ }$ L$ y
2 F, v. y; u% V1 K) `; _Action by Workers and Producers% \% F0 P5 i, l& w/ ^6 h5 ~/ j, B0 B- t
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 C+ x. O" B. [ 79. Producers’ boycott3 c( L$ w7 o8 e8 _- _* x/ W4 W( l
* T$ U3 n& Z2 kAction by Middlemen
: [& G# H! S3 {# n1 x& x9 W, g 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( z( S, v6 Y6 r2 g9 V3 o* N+ \0 n
8 ?- T' C. `1 U- ^/ H9 m: wAction by Owners and Management* B2 S7 E. A* G4 s6 M2 u. Y6 e
81. Traders’ boycott
( i( `& j. ~( d4 F9 h- w9 j2 m( S 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 h. y0 T' b3 g/ m' @1 ]
83. Lockout# t( [2 A% b1 s, ]# A) F) n
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 W! i1 k8 }9 J& [, `+ Z, _ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% ^ ]! ]0 L$ b# ^# U
: B2 j5 Y; [* ?, a# M% K: F" RAction by Holders of Financial Resources1 u1 ~5 U( [+ m" w7 q- X
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 m8 h$ q/ {! ] 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 t4 [: T3 }0 l2 L, _
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( |, y7 m; \( z, @$ }( M! p w8 n 89. Severance of funds and credit
$ y- T, q, C2 G2 K1 `2 C2 ? 90. Revenue refusal: K* w( B1 O9 N1 g6 j; U2 P/ @
91. Refusal of a government’s money" k& z- \& [' |- b* J1 R
7 G8 y+ u7 p; t: f$ T
Action by Governments: D" K+ L6 S% q6 v; h: _& m3 |7 Z
92. Domestic embargo
4 j& |; D/ A! J% M7 z8 K; e 93. Blacklisting of traders% @/ I6 Q4 f( s: B3 Z
94. International sellers’ embargo' z: z+ ?! t7 I4 h3 a
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 }7 L- R* Y0 s" e 96. International trade embargo
+ y) b0 d" `! ?) q( y/ D
0 O" b0 v7 h) M! X$ Q' C% d
4 i. n3 t; B; r( A# Y: P
3 u" K2 @" Y" j" I/ j) F0 o; UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! b# G% g" W1 i9 {8 j9 N# o
* T* L' l* {3 N& D
! g8 r1 V2 ?" r0 ^* f7 LSymbolic Strikes
7 F6 ?4 t4 f( G- b5 j+ p& ~/ D/ k6 {; j 97. Protest strike- _% j" \1 i0 R8 z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 m( [6 o+ A4 p' g2 n' j
! i7 w# k: T- e/ L4 |3 M' ~( ]$ VAgricultural Strikes
H: O- f$ v4 ], ~ 99. Peasant strike
) F( F# M X/ h1 M5 [! K 100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 g8 F+ f3 M3 U/ A8 P3 J
0 h" k& D9 m$ O) j0 e- bStrikes by Special Groups
% _- `4 `2 \- a* D6 [ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 T6 H, d0 l) b% T8 `7 A/ \ 102. Prisoners’ strike( p' I3 y, C/ G5 [
103. Craft strike
6 _+ S! I- u$ e# ^0 {0 D0 R 104. Professional strike
# b0 N4 w" K2 `0 }; C) H5 U: c, H1 l: D+ u; i' u8 o4 z. f6 S& a
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
, R0 A- ~7 Q3 z) ~( _/ q* [ 105. Establishment strike. E* A3 W0 r/ Q
106. Industry strike# f- r- h" S- W- e0 P2 R' S
107. Sympathetic strike4 e% o: O) R; H8 a
- H, Z& V+ A7 G. N: {$ g! M sRestricted Strikes
0 b1 e$ J; ^$ ?8 m( }3 j5 i: w- a 108. Detailed strike2 D1 S& B1 d8 P4 b0 e8 `
109. Bumper strike
2 E. |9 T9 H1 u2 F( s 110. Slowdown strike0 V1 I( ]% ~6 d! @8 S
111. Working-to-rule strike
3 ]( V8 y% d9 h3 z3 [/ l& @ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; X; ^" e& W, L 113. Strike by resignation4 L0 e& z( a' `' _1 [
114. Limited strike
0 e; |# e2 K! y 115. Selective strike
. Y5 G! ?& r0 L7 p1 E
\# ^/ q# V" g$ T3 y5 OMulti-Industry Strikes
* S1 `5 z& _" B" A$ Q5 F7 Q! j
% F! ^9 a& |6 c/ ^ 116. Generalized strike
4 w( ]/ _8 R) t2 C9 u( Y, V( c1 h: y
117. General strike& ~- N) m% p& F/ y# y+ o" |! o
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures' Z4 Y! j; q+ O% U/ T/ f
/ V: \; a6 @# t. F2 d# v, c% O
118. Hartal. y# H) U7 ~$ e7 A
9 w/ U3 u5 v. y* t5 |5 U 119. Economic shutdown: m4 @/ I9 O" v* \/ \$ Z8 B
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% `4 p, B2 p0 K, ~. O9 |
# p, \4 o) p( JTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ m4 V% l) u( G' j9 J+ T nRejection of Authority! i. h2 l c/ D2 \( T
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance. m2 [" v; _' Q& M4 N+ ^
121. Refusal of public support
8 p! u/ \5 A, ` 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: P; S2 P: a! }8 U* I0 ]4 b' Y W1 y' J% W7 }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 Y' R; ?" @8 w# \+ Y, h' }6 A 123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ L2 ^2 l: n; ^6 z; k( ]
124. Boycott of elections& c3 k" a2 J& L, V8 b) Z( }1 n
125. Boycott of government employment and positions. B3 @; u6 o1 ^- S, \2 I, s7 y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- V6 T9 r) o; w, J 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, @- T; b$ q2 Y4 `
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 r* G R/ p* j; ?( \9 h 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- T2 j6 f/ z7 \, B" |9 o
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ G" L' B/ f$ U5 x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 K$ G7 \# x T: { C+ z; D, h 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ R. {* C& ~8 h: T3 n
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* p4 I- P3 F; m) e2 y! o' O 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: g" v8 s" }& s2 d/ B, g 135. Popular nonobedience$ v7 {; q3 ^3 o9 r+ D1 @9 O
136. Disguised disobedience
3 \* m2 J) _5 W& Z( c! N 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 _) ?5 |; B, t, ^ 138. Sitdown4 S( m) G4 [ H2 o8 _9 |
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ W! f5 V; r& \$ |) _ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; {, {/ ^/ X% P9 T- }
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* X% J$ [# H0 r" G4 Z
2 p$ ~1 K7 y; }! s, d7 KAction by Government Personnel
: U+ }& ^- B1 Q# P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- u8 \, [+ B. Q5 t1 @% o, T0 O 143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 F5 F. O/ D) L1 q2 b/ A. ]
144. Stalling and obstruction. f9 W& f; T4 @& v$ C# C, g
145. General administrative noncooperation1 h* d! g- ?/ ?3 \* ~
% R* i, }$ n7 M2 F/ W6 D _( K 146. Judicial noncooperation- W& \6 n7 Y. G7 L: z( W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ d1 ~# Z% H6 S; {, R" }7 M# ~
148. Mutiny, }2 u" k) ]" f1 E4 R$ ^
Domestic Governmental Action
$ _6 \* n9 N) L3 N0 V' S) K# Y2 V 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) W) A& T$ ~% E 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 P& w( E' r0 b6 E9 Y7 u# l
# h8 Y' @; [4 w( ?
International Governmental Action5 B! Z+ q& Y$ e* {; V
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" B1 E9 J+ _7 q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 o1 E& r7 K2 b% Y$ d# t$ R9 k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 B) I" _4 O* j8 ^3 }) Q7 F) x; D ` 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! C5 Q) {4 T( @0 y- d, O8 s% M) f 155. Withdrawal from international organizations# y4 S8 a: `1 k0 n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ K; j4 |: l/ i' i [, `" _# f
157. Expulsion from international organizations6 z; z6 u- B) e+ y6 z7 `- ^* W
+ z6 I% E9 x+ B) D/ ?% B6 Q
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, i! n& _, a2 M+ c% B" ATHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, s$ F: r' O5 D G. Y
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5 r* l, u6 {$ Y: p& k8 g- Z
Psychological Intervention6 q& W3 e8 w9 T) _" N7 N
158. Self-exposure to the elements- P- F! i' J0 I
159. The fast
; C# _5 H* }/ ] w8 O a) Fast of moral pressure5 P; @% G: E @# S2 @7 t
b) Hunger strike
6 H8 v/ b0 i& k# g+ p c) Satyagrahic fast, X9 a9 e4 W9 V- R
160. Reverse trial2 L6 U4 Z3 k3 A" m) O
161. Nonviolent harassment' o+ X; @$ \$ ]( D
6 Z; t, f3 X0 Y8 h8 i, l: [' qPhysical Intervention1 i% U2 P' j) p3 n U
162. Sit-in, ?* n3 u" e0 a- y7 F, X& }
163. Stand-in' G7 j' W6 S! ^/ C) y& s
164. Ride-in; X7 b" k0 H( d H6 Q8 I. Z1 m
165. Wade-in* k6 l+ l; j! D6 m
166. Mill-in e) ` X: k( J7 s' L8 W; Y5 H0 w0 ^
167. Pray-in' C `; U9 f2 r5 a
168. Nonviolent raids
( ?, l9 ?9 |# u! m1 S0 y7 C( g 169. Nonviolent air raids* m8 A# e' i, r
170. Nonviolent invasion: t4 @9 D' g: g, Z. W2 @& l
171. Nonviolent interjection! _$ l9 g) q# _, z: o
172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ M3 P' z: h( q 173. Nonviolent occupation
4 ~5 b& M0 c( P
$ }. S; {, P- P gSocial Intervention
, `- @' x/ s, Y3 d3 I6 E 174. Establishing new social patterns
: J* P. m! ?& g; ^ 175. Overloading of facilities
! u9 H m# g! N1 L+ u 176. Stall-in
/ v$ w$ F/ O7 k3 p; H 177. Speak-in; y2 |# v9 s: Q: y
178. Guerrilla theater
C" ~' [" Z+ k4 D/ g: n4 a 179. Alternative social institutions. h0 G$ A: _ }! o0 r: }9 b
180. Alternative communication system) N7 ~2 Z; F7 J
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Economic Intervention
9 e. F/ Z$ W( ] F" j" | 181. Reverse strike
& p, P: s# p0 ` 182. Stay-in strike
0 y6 `7 b& v$ O" A 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ B$ O6 C2 S! z) a
184. Defiance of blockades
6 d/ H. y' l- s- d 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" I, Y; D& Z0 Q8 w9 j; n 186. Preclusive purchasing5 M p# z+ |; }. N6 v3 H
187. Seizure of assets/ `) S z- s' K2 p: |0 H# ] U
188. Dumping
( I/ G8 |2 N: F) H' X, h; ]; V 189. Selective patronage$ J, N' e9 S; Q6 }( m
190. Alternative markets! y' [" ?% ^3 S. f$ K0 D
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 O6 i% x# i3 w/ s2 D* n 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention* G1 t, J) X) B* _: d* A
193. Overloading of administrative systems
* _; E0 f( s$ H 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( G/ G @/ a. O' @/ K% D/ p 195. Seeking imprisonment( c& x! m9 ^8 u5 a; s* x
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" h" l6 i, B+ r8 t' t- D4 W 197. Work-on without collaboration
+ D' w/ R7 R) _ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
+ B2 g4 P* \, q+ Q0 k8 `" [; O- n! M% _3 J& |8 S
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
