 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 n' Q: E+ N3 v3 N& n, q+ x6 XFormal Statements
7 _9 }+ j& O* ~ 1. Public Speeches. V! E0 ^4 O7 I/ G
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 k Y7 I6 {$ |% Q# e v4 K# Q1 F 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ B$ v* x* h; Q6 J/ P, k" K/ ?
4. Signed public statements$ Q( A' U( T- z- `/ Z0 K/ Q" {
5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 N% ~0 U, K- ?' Z; q5 C6 d
6. Group or mass petitions# m) ^! |! a" h7 ^9 U0 x; ] ?1 O$ ?( e
o, H/ E6 D4 Q6 y1 DCommunications with a Wider Audience! i/ {0 p7 i7 z! O
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 Q; x/ s8 a$ f' C3 I; E0 j: M 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 i& h2 B. ?) z" R) d) y% } 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; k* ^& N& Q$ B! X0 k2 E5 a
10. Newspapers and journals$ b1 f4 V+ T* Y/ Q: _+ a) @4 c' {% Y
11. Records, radio, and television
, [: d' O% S h3 a/ B# e" i 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; y$ c8 A K- V- R2 E1 R: d$ @8 s" e# |3 J! o9 d2 ^
Group Representations
; E% @% P9 z- v2 V* a 13. Deputations
$ \- i/ Z7 l9 S2 u! ]" y, P 14. Mock awards" @2 i, q% Y4 A
15. Group lobbying) [6 j3 @2 w5 b, I4 f) U' k0 V
16. Picketing
. _1 G6 e; U$ j9 r: r 17. Mock elections7 ~5 b$ Y4 B& D3 t3 c
$ M2 E- K( n2 H* n j' g5 R
Symbolic Public Acts
0 Q l- p* _0 C0 l- { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 ?# z9 H: H- i% E$ j0 Q" o
19. Wearing of symbols
9 N6 o8 k3 B+ R( L 20. Prayer and worship
: Z' ]6 |4 C9 H! l 21. Delivering symbolic objects8 j8 [2 U$ U; a# s) h0 j5 `
22. Protest disrobings! s* t, j# t% P$ x/ a: Q6 s
23. Destruction of own property
" y8 x' i1 Q1 F 24. Symbolic lights
$ O2 F* o. } Y1 K1 | 25. Displays of portraits) V% u0 R/ S! M
26. Paint as protest' H0 _5 Q8 Y3 S7 b9 g! E* ?
27. New signs and names- }# {/ U7 `% ~4 T
28. Symbolic sounds/ K; w* ?: N: U. e
29. Symbolic reclamations% u& E& Q/ j" O3 f4 Z
30. Rude gestures
8 Z; o1 I$ f- G7 l4 q& @
, Z9 |" K6 |% m$ _0 x" U7 zPressures on Individuals
' E; J1 w& ?+ Y+ J 31. “Haunting” officials$ |* V4 j$ J, b
32. Taunting officials
# f, j5 M; }0 G$ t- m/ y7 Z4 r# g7 K 33. Fraternization: C# \ j# r( ~' z @1 Z& g
34. Vigils8 c1 N$ I% f: E7 y' p
3 w* ?; D8 D/ S
Drama and Music
( g P: ~* ^1 \2 c/ H9 |! C 35. Humorous skits and pranks
# ^9 b! R, ^/ k7 h; _* \( b 36. Performances of plays and music
7 z6 m( C2 l* u% G% C% J$ Z; r 37. Singing
: u) d n9 Q& N& @3 y. L E5 A/ s" {) D3 W
Processions
% O5 n2 s( }3 O6 ]: u5 U 38. Marches% c2 N. z4 ?+ O, o; s) `0 k Q
39. Parades
' A, d1 q; }$ e* K 40. Religious processions
! ?! P6 f. z# w" ~$ m$ n: z4 r 41. Pilgrimages
% v! K2 E m1 o0 J! Q 42. Motorcades5 D& P( P% z: Q% f
# n! Q5 X5 \5 q0 lHonoring the Dead
. Y% a6 l% @4 ?4 g 43. Political mourning7 A0 x! N; X$ y, C) j, E( e
44. Mock funerals/ c t# N+ a2 h2 `! K6 C
45. Demonstrative funerals; K5 F: Z- y: W! |: L
46. Homage at burial places
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1 d( v5 L% j2 X! }6 u& y2 X! ?- ^Public Assemblies
6 |* A( Y6 ^# T6 d1 ] 47. Assemblies of protest or support4 }/ F$ e* p+ j$ ]; @4 Q( Y, l
48. Protest meetings- L" | A5 U8 j6 n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# J3 d( Q+ b1 y+ W7 Q 50. Teach-ins
" _8 V9 L2 T# q/ w
. W; W+ f Y; v3 Z b uWithdrawal and Renunciation
% Q, |4 D5 A$ C 51. Walk-outs
4 C/ k3 ^7 M, l- C. \5 O8 |- Q; y0 h 52. Silence
6 w# e# A7 [% X' d 53. Renouncing honors
) k6 ^. v7 w% p& T8 D 54. Turning one’s back1 C% _: h5 f; u9 }4 ]' C/ y. I
9 Z k) u4 N) u+ b6 o; v( }
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5 g$ w/ z* H% k1 L+ d% CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, \& I- N% ~$ M' z& u" j l
9 d) s' \6 V: m3 v0 u7 C' t0 l . }% D/ k O, T+ X! h
?+ s e7 Q% O# v, Z+ hOstracism of Persons$ D& `2 ~2 k5 I' h8 K3 V
55. Social boycott0 \* U- h- Q/ O6 i4 J8 D& v
56. Selective social boycott: y7 u6 G4 A: X6 X* D+ F3 M6 K" E
57. Lysistratic nonaction# i, p/ k" Y5 Q& H8 o
58. Excommunication
2 J# z3 W( H' k. {& j7 W# \2 @. z 59. Interdict
9 b& M- u& B2 W! h
9 F8 S" [' W1 F5 c, v" ~Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% M8 E/ H5 x/ S; G3 ^' s
60. Suspension of social and sports activities! Z+ f, [) k+ f2 X) b9 x$ E4 l
61. Boycott of social affairs& p i+ L' |5 [5 J( W
62. Student strike5 t9 d! O3 l$ g, D
63. Social disobedience
5 T0 A- \ |8 k3 w+ ]& _- o9 \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) q# b5 X7 \/ i) R1 h& u# S B! Y3 O. w; W. z/ d) ~; p
Withdrawal from the Social System
3 l, _0 I, i& r& m2 ` 65. Stay-at-home
$ _) U C) O5 `1 v$ { 66. Total personal noncooperation0 a5 T% f! Q, q: a4 O" P; U# M
67. “Flight” of workers8 J; O* ]9 |2 ?8 L
68. Sanctuary, V7 W5 x9 ^( ~! S
69. Collective disappearance8 o5 W$ G; Y! ~. k: b- t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS v- s; H. D! X8 Z" ^: N
. S% [1 e1 W) U, M7 H - P3 B# q7 o0 D) R7 d% _! [+ J6 b- O; w
Actions by Consumers" h' q5 m, B2 `; c$ a2 E# b8 U8 S* q
71. Consumers’ boycott$ o i* Q+ I) p* X2 t+ W$ h
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. g$ z6 J1 _- v3 d/ K U 73. Policy of austerity
G* h8 [6 b& W; C* t$ G6 R- b$ A 74. Rent withholding
' w# @+ \. C- D. ^+ G. K 75. Refusal to rent
$ ]1 h! N. K/ I. S. S9 `5 {% h8 e 76. National consumers’ boycott/ E3 R( h# j' ~5 [9 n0 Y) W
77. International consumers’ boycott
" l, ?9 R7 S2 D% h
+ V& O1 W& s! ]: D) q# _# OAction by Workers and Producers
; Y0 P7 S' p) e8 a% b3 d 78. Workmen’s boycott
& D1 v& A- E1 V$ D# k; f 79. Producers’ boycott
; a9 U/ b# O5 Q: z& n, y$ v8 G# N$ l% `# i8 X7 _
Action by Middlemen
2 m$ S$ B5 S6 K( Z* m7 l 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. w2 d: V' N' _7 i' O- k# U# `
" i7 {* w- L& f c; YAction by Owners and Management1 B6 s, E+ }# f8 v9 T
81. Traders’ boycott
- N4 O1 f4 t8 R9 l) d! r* D 82. Refusal to let or sell property( a0 D* p: u( }8 [" r
83. Lockout
( c- ~, a) I7 L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 v8 x, {4 x: ~, }3 x 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& U. l9 I" K4 [
9 e" O) F, N9 e; n# ~# xAction by Holders of Financial Resources+ ^! V# Q- `' ~8 ?* A% D, S4 ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" A7 e: t# ]4 g! d% i6 L. x 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% ] ^( N9 l7 i6 F3 o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; @; }: ^% x6 X/ k& }) K
89. Severance of funds and credit
$ [2 [+ b6 g Z) C9 n5 _4 t 90. Revenue refusal6 O# d* @ N, I9 x
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 `9 z5 k. i: w' O2 A* `6 J/ i3 U8 t& Z$ L7 T
Action by Governments
: w d/ h/ K; ~; T7 M 92. Domestic embargo
4 L3 `" r( f9 k1 S& @/ j8 U 93. Blacklisting of traders
7 N/ h! j- d2 t 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ L. A) l! w6 @+ `3 c+ W7 C 95. International buyers’ embargo
( p2 t9 _0 x' @, V5 c 96. International trade embargo o( ]% z: _! {2 R4 W5 |
$ O% C9 j4 \" B! k, ]
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 b! |& w7 l8 ] y8 Q7 d
) C$ P/ O* @; x" G% ?( Z: Y& s 4 Y9 `1 U. O9 D5 q/ S& @0 \8 x
Symbolic Strikes
+ n2 M) {( F& y! Q, d4 Q 97. Protest strike& p) W+ a! @5 P5 ]- \0 U1 H) X
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ z- J* ]9 P* @/ V% z& Z; R' Y* H$ |. a& h9 R f) C5 ]
Agricultural Strikes
; P0 G# [* Z7 S8 o$ m 99. Peasant strike
' h) h3 }2 V: m7 B 100. Farm Workers’ strike
" i' o$ e# I- _3 b+ j$ U) `
+ l( C2 o/ X1 v, P `Strikes by Special Groups
5 e7 l1 r8 ~' Y3 [9 h; Z 101. Refusal of impressed labor
& v# T; n, E* k 102. Prisoners’ strike
9 l! ^. V* s" u1 x% | 103. Craft strike
$ ?" z# _! ]) d& F5 u 104. Professional strike( `" i0 j$ }7 K
) b2 D! `4 J" G: H7 a D4 jOrdinary Industrial Strikes( ?4 F# _, l5 G e
105. Establishment strike
% y0 C( y/ X! s; g 106. Industry strike; Z- e- @+ q, ^9 N% m$ i9 P
107. Sympathetic strike: _. ]2 _8 y. E9 O, h
% T3 @7 H+ p& [- b( H5 r+ N
Restricted Strikes
2 }7 x' b' a Y, ?0 i 108. Detailed strike Z0 X3 H- \. v
109. Bumper strike2 R# d% |1 p/ M) A
110. Slowdown strike
3 Z1 S3 `* Z2 o% d8 V7 D+ r 111. Working-to-rule strike$ t& V/ e7 {* t% }! W( Q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ P- M! ?9 ?1 B$ P# `1 S" R; @
113. Strike by resignation
! K" q; ?5 S1 p1 l0 F( }$ H 114. Limited strike! \- x* I" D" C3 n
115. Selective strike
* b# e& B; g3 J! [1 d a6 {2 N( d: T0 N, |4 b; m8 Y
Multi-Industry Strikes" O; V& O5 V h ?" E
5 R* q/ M) P: U8 Y2 k 116. Generalized strike
0 [5 J- c$ x' c
( i y# U- F V3 X: v8 M# }. R: C 117. General strike
* ]/ Q% w# n3 X; x/ O4 q, B/ H6 h S+ k+ P
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures& J# l6 h7 p# {% {' l
& ? ^" Y# m/ K1 v
118. Hartal
! c9 x/ `0 ~" i* o
- z5 Y: U$ ^7 ?$ H+ j 119. Economic shutdown
+ X% [! R) x# }4 d6 g7 l/ Z5 y7 K4 P3 `4 g( A: G O
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority$ i1 D N* i$ ?$ P o) [* o
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" C( _" t* M! ^; [ 121. Refusal of public support8 W- W( C4 ~- V; K: O& S3 f. r
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 v) _7 t- Q" r/ O2 J8 t- e1 Y# `2 q: n& P; l) \- Z& t
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
! [+ j; g% Z9 E! \. { 123. Boycott of legislative bodies, L0 K3 Z, B0 @: V2 y5 M; C& d
124. Boycott of elections" I! u7 l: N% s, ^/ K h
125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 d3 N/ r1 Q4 D. S1 r4 R
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 ]- E- Q7 g+ d. S& B4 X 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 _+ ]6 W: o, l& W" Y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- p- i% @# I+ J# i
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
8 t+ m$ E3 W! y) B 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 P3 q: g. c3 i- |$ `; ]7 m3 ^
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 f/ a# w0 s; k* o 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ B/ ^4 W3 z% o: x
" \6 o0 V8 M5 F/ g$ m: d8 X
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ P0 B) O, l! V/ {3 F 133. Reluctant and slow compliance, `, N% a' Y. i% ?
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 r5 y J0 h6 V
135. Popular nonobedience
1 T0 p x" o/ N* t! R! q' F, p" | 136. Disguised disobedience
1 D, h; H; ~6 y6 V2 c/ z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ g1 X! \! @8 E7 C, V" l1 E 138. Sitdown
1 e( V. S& O# u, F 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! V5 b& b% h6 z$ h* X 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ x9 v5 G3 a' ?3 q" S
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ G, n8 U0 k& {* R! s. ^ o: t2 ^) L
Action by Government Personnel
, e, r- p( `6 S- G; V2 [6 t 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" G% q' {$ [& H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" ?* G, ]4 c- l' t) b1 h T0 ~ 144. Stalling and obstruction' @: D- b) U( l
145. General administrative noncooperation
1 i6 E S9 l( A6 g" }. N5 s
1 g9 o# D5 _ |$ q6 S 146. Judicial noncooperation) v$ ?1 g1 m" \6 i9 [" R
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! q! X; _0 v0 W- X
148. Mutiny6 @; T4 r( { O% F
Domestic Governmental Action
! C' i8 U. a2 z6 v: Q3 w 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& o0 Z2 S f, F; o/ R9 `! S 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# m J9 ^4 h0 k g6 G5 o
' y7 M8 |) Q3 y7 Q- Z3 ~
International Governmental Action
8 q% ?* S' X' }+ N 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( G1 \& u* Z; G: b% K7 x- I
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 J+ h% A s/ Q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. w' Y+ X5 u+ r+ L6 J 154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 Y( N6 [3 \3 y3 Q6 z( ]1 f
155. Withdrawal from international organizations! c. N2 J& Q u
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& s+ J. c/ h2 k. L. j
157. Expulsion from international organizations- W: |5 j& B5 z/ |
$ o* w7 o8 l; S2 ]- R! T. y. R
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0 L2 N( N: v6 Y: @ J7 [& V2 @, c0 ~0 ~THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* {! ^: J& P3 }/ f' @5 `- n' l
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) N. s" C" r; K9 CPsychological Intervention; q' T9 j5 s8 ]+ Y, [& b
158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 F# p0 t- m. Q$ u( l0 T 159. The fast/ i( k4 R# T, B/ P8 d
a) Fast of moral pressure
9 ]( r1 s) X# ^ b) Hunger strike5 p+ W6 {7 P, U# |7 O: i
c) Satyagrahic fast
Y% n' M+ X' M' W/ W 160. Reverse trial; b3 U. I& M! j* W @/ |
161. Nonviolent harassment* u3 I! j2 ]9 R' M3 ]0 V1 \
5 V3 n4 L# k4 |& b! Y/ o
Physical Intervention. Z4 h) c+ h$ ~. `9 v) L' |
162. Sit-in9 u* M6 W" L2 o3 Y: f7 ]' i4 v
163. Stand-in! H& J' m; D% n7 a/ N
164. Ride-in7 N; N6 m2 D5 a |
165. Wade-in
* j6 z- m4 ^) w4 I( e# A 166. Mill-in
2 H9 T2 Z' f6 @ { 167. Pray-in7 S# L1 O. n. i) r
168. Nonviolent raids) }. t9 k9 J" e" e( ?8 H
169. Nonviolent air raids
- Z- p; w; h* v- r4 n; u, G. a 170. Nonviolent invasion9 z# b# E: ~# c$ l& Q2 c, \) A: i
171. Nonviolent interjection
; I/ h# q) W6 I0 c+ j 172. Nonviolent obstruction
T* V3 Q( }2 `. Q 173. Nonviolent occupation% K, \$ S( M2 X* F( H
5 Y$ |. l, C! s) o2 `! w5 L
Social Intervention
8 u$ v+ }1 Q R! o 174. Establishing new social patterns
1 K) c( _0 i: Y3 n7 @8 V6 M 175. Overloading of facilities' S& N7 X5 F( T6 I" N. q
176. Stall-in
+ G: I% L. C C/ V' X* ] 177. Speak-in( u0 U: H v8 x: u! H
178. Guerrilla theater
* d) O1 _; t( h( c6 H 179. Alternative social institutions- w: J# R3 q4 d+ ]! k
180. Alternative communication system
) r7 `7 e( O. M4 x4 H% h- p5 G" @9 P# o
Economic Intervention
3 G; x, h5 D, I1 Y2 f8 o" E" S 181. Reverse strike
! y" C9 g7 n7 r9 D& R 182. Stay-in strike
( h7 ?5 E5 J' ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure- Y8 W/ }) `6 h! N& |' X- q
184. Defiance of blockades
; S8 Z2 R3 D2 h6 T/ H- A9 V' z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; `0 z# ^- g8 x% E5 b3 G3 g
186. Preclusive purchasing, v, X7 L8 B* N$ o: I& y2 x; I
187. Seizure of assets
, K0 ^: B$ B6 u% }' _" [2 T 188. Dumping
. V5 x1 U4 _% [ 189. Selective patronage B1 h, V/ |3 D5 M! d ?
190. Alternative markets
* X+ K$ d- f; R3 A0 C% m- { 191. Alternative transportation systems. i6 S# \" g! p+ q" _! N# C$ F
192. Alternative economic institutions* T/ w& t" ^& Q
) w8 x% N/ H# J8 g
Political Intervention
3 Q* W; h% C' m" _4 H 193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 z% E# `% n: _: h( j7 |! F 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 {8 z$ r! O, ~5 f6 l+ L
195. Seeking imprisonment1 v p- t6 ?7 o8 `! D- ]6 j
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 c/ h' `" Q) |( d& e$ z 197. Work-on without collaboration
9 R; F, V" v: ~. H+ P 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) L9 _2 w; W$ o! ~' j( i5 r
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
