 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 G: C3 f6 ]* }: ?
Formal Statements" F! y- V3 u5 _5 U; B3 L7 j: F
1. Public Speeches( g$ u4 K: q3 _% y0 K M
2. Letters of opposition or support
; \, [) V, X5 }, h9 L' h 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! Q3 p& V Y2 x9 m# p3 ?( f. \
4. Signed public statements9 i- F6 f$ q; N5 ^$ D( ?" g) Z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention. w; K( l0 [: t: S
6. Group or mass petitions
( b- ^" V( N2 T l! U( E5 A0 n
Communications with a Wider Audience
1 |7 a* H" }8 J1 } 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) ?( |( _& j8 o2 r/ X: P; P+ |
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ W1 B8 y# {" Z& K2 t; w" c0 w 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* q" A* @& a0 k' C6 C" r, p/ ?
10. Newspapers and journals
/ B, p' I6 m* {, Q0 Y 11. Records, radio, and television
/ D0 V# [$ P* f9 T4 }: ] 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 V7 v6 e% ~: Z: k
$ _' T3 t( u/ @Group Representations
8 q5 P0 v% K6 A9 L7 B; j, g 13. Deputations% B5 ~3 C b' b) \& r; K7 R
14. Mock awards
9 `, `' S" d7 l; V# X1 w 15. Group lobbying O; a, z: e7 C, m6 U6 L5 J( B( f. O
16. Picketing4 [ _0 i5 Z* P& v" K, r
17. Mock elections6 J u. n! ?$ u* w0 n/ \& h
) _6 @# C! C$ p) I4 Y5 x( |Symbolic Public Acts
8 a1 S6 V! Q4 Y! L) j# Z* o4 ` 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ T" G* `. w5 G, I& f; B; ^ x 19. Wearing of symbols5 ]. I! F) Y+ G9 M- [. y$ f: f# R
20. Prayer and worship
3 C1 z9 ^, a# O) `3 ?" V: S4 E+ z( Q 21. Delivering symbolic objects, Q7 y( _! K5 K" Q H: c
22. Protest disrobings
+ a6 U- V! b( m( z8 a 23. Destruction of own property
1 C: O8 h! h$ |- W& n' [ 24. Symbolic lights3 k' m+ ~8 q- u
25. Displays of portraits& F# [1 R8 z& c% i1 x
26. Paint as protest
6 @: x/ K! O( M m 27. New signs and names( n0 f7 t4 E" l+ r% _
28. Symbolic sounds
1 V& B& u$ B3 F# Y6 t 29. Symbolic reclamations
: L0 u7 k8 @( r5 V9 s* d 30. Rude gestures, c( `2 o. ] \
8 Y9 h4 E" y& u1 H5 W9 sPressures on Individuals$ J: ]* B" M) D: X+ D. B2 E
31. “Haunting” officials
* N7 L) {' q0 N$ X) w1 L ~ 32. Taunting officials
* M$ k0 e+ R9 @7 p, l; _ 33. Fraternization
$ r t8 \# \0 s, Y/ _3 N 34. Vigils6 ~% Q( J2 h2 v& p
% ~. h- q. {+ C
Drama and Music$ e6 e) o9 \# m: s
35. Humorous skits and pranks* B7 ]: \( N* q+ c8 l
36. Performances of plays and music9 ^: C* h/ W+ k8 K; L- ?
37. Singing
+ A& k* b5 @ f C8 M# }) H |4 S6 I( B
Processions
0 j/ G. A( j3 R# G5 g3 X, b/ j 38. Marches
: l$ B1 D8 z5 j) e- B v; _ 39. Parades
& J+ _! q6 t I8 g4 i% u7 ^ 40. Religious processions: [; x: t% m- |$ o: ]1 ~" _
41. Pilgrimages( O! O& J3 U1 T. y# [, b
42. Motorcades) J; B o+ R0 L# Q
8 m3 b1 E n# OHonoring the Dead4 M8 v$ O! B2 q6 a5 @
43. Political mourning# N2 f, E+ @6 n. r2 ^
44. Mock funerals0 M0 D+ g$ z# _. L; H- m# _! v
45. Demonstrative funerals
$ c. M( w8 t7 n+ `: }; O( i 46. Homage at burial places
; K/ z7 C& ], r- ~, J$ B7 P6 _( M2 p; u! |! h. N2 _8 \
Public Assemblies* \" F6 N: M- Y; m) J8 |$ v
47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 M9 I& A5 d4 A4 u 48. Protest meetings
: V9 ~6 p, o8 |) C8 o# b! m 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; s; e% n; M" [% s) _' e8 C2 \
50. Teach-ins
; H4 J5 B/ r t0 C. p$ P; a
% r8 w) ^/ h' X- \7 pWithdrawal and Renunciation* {- b/ y7 y, ]
51. Walk-outs
8 H9 _8 E+ F% ^$ z 52. Silence, n! Q4 m% r. }' h/ I4 m; b4 p& I
53. Renouncing honors6 x, e9 e/ \0 b: D
54. Turning one’s back
0 j4 p7 R8 v/ n" l5 p: L9 }) A2 ?' p7 J- b. R
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
/ y% G1 A5 l3 Z- w. R R0 c- }/ h) \
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6 { a4 T' ]# S6 t2 d2 ]0 Z
, l' ^) q' \& f5 gOstracism of Persons1 j5 N \4 X7 S `4 W; w6 T2 N
55. Social boycott
, I* q+ Z# |+ x& U% b 56. Selective social boycott% U: F! f" i4 B3 R, @
57. Lysistratic nonaction
. s" S; j+ c5 t4 `- H7 |) Y. ` 58. Excommunication
8 i8 b/ w: w# v2 q" V 59. Interdict h! A5 W7 \7 M6 v9 I
/ g$ K+ @6 \6 c1 _6 ^
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& b' t/ u6 g+ s( X$ \
60. Suspension of social and sports activities' c8 e6 v) B0 a# d9 `; B" C
61. Boycott of social affairs# x6 z0 I) ~+ c3 F I" Q
62. Student strike8 P* _( J5 ^: C o W! x& {: f" L& |7 L
63. Social disobedience
" h8 N2 U7 V; ~ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& O; J% |4 `! u# N4 L3 J6 ? n) O- C% Y: S% j- L6 S$ Y$ v
Withdrawal from the Social System$ \& ]3 U! c" g
65. Stay-at-home
w+ Q6 t8 R) }4 }( z) @8 q' m2 G" |4 k 66. Total personal noncooperation
5 g- |5 H& d$ w7 z c8 j! k: y 67. “Flight” of workers
! w6 C5 T- S$ l( Q- _* P4 C# Z 68. Sanctuary& B; }# O w% D) A+ w" n$ T7 q$ B" n
69. Collective disappearance, Z5 e1 C$ y! b5 z( v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& z0 g1 b( ~* m) q+ c
) ?# V9 t% B( C# i) { {; v 4 [6 i1 C1 v* ]# z& K2 d( J% D' ?
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 F. |9 ?& T8 g( p+ s3 j# ]; E& t& F% v
. _" X" g. c2 Y
* c6 L; w( x7 b. ]) H1 sActions by Consumers
8 U' W* x( h' P% ]7 q5 a/ D 71. Consumers’ boycott
( F4 w; ^- }" w. M( Y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 u3 g4 k0 V) E" u) a
73. Policy of austerity
_8 _/ h6 h1 G7 q8 w _& ^ 74. Rent withholding8 z% l! E( f, ^" E; d6 p
75. Refusal to rent
4 E! b5 R4 ?+ U! I/ V! J+ B 76. National consumers’ boycott1 g, i% A; {8 G/ O( k0 z" t+ k
77. International consumers’ boycott
& j0 I. g- s0 Y8 N! {# J. ?( m' D0 y ?- N9 |) V( X" \0 ^
Action by Workers and Producers7 D; f. j) O3 I( m7 g
78. Workmen’s boycott6 W; w E1 j: S/ F5 {* \/ S F+ z
79. Producers’ boycott
; O, m f0 [$ k: U# Y- Y
0 h( N, U1 c0 B5 zAction by Middlemen
8 l# Y) w" S8 _ p* l 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% d, |/ n" H4 g/ z, k
3 r- }. X3 W F6 eAction by Owners and Management
+ I, ^$ q5 Q* Z' a 81. Traders’ boycott) w; m/ Z7 R3 b8 G- P4 O' j
82. Refusal to let or sell property- o6 m% V7 v4 Y' E; d' j7 ?9 X
83. Lockout
1 w0 N1 p4 F5 R2 I' w' Z2 n 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ x6 o+ p: }% w/ G; p' o: V 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 q9 l" t7 p8 d, |0 N3 {6 v; Y. o# O: q" c; A* O- d$ C
Action by Holders of Financial Resources' b, x' H; i; R/ U6 e9 j
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! l) K( E+ s6 M, ]: w- z5 } 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 q1 x% w- V# c5 @2 M" E, [
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 o1 b1 ~" l% s- o" t
89. Severance of funds and credit
. I6 ~( i. E8 r* E0 P* a 90. Revenue refusal
3 D+ `* F+ j& b6 h/ G9 t* z4 ~ 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 _, A$ I5 ]" b4 Q7 X
% X4 P- g+ A0 |) p! t, ?Action by Governments
. F ^3 Q( X9 w& w$ O1 U; F 92. Domestic embargo& v4 r3 j- P2 k3 J, o9 A
93. Blacklisting of traders' }6 I( P. t- b, t2 D
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 t& Z& b: Q" M. j+ L" R8 r( T7 O 95. International buyers’ embargo$ o, W% d+ Y7 R. f/ k3 t
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 X6 R7 C/ L4 O D8 r
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" {9 R& l" f! W) ZSymbolic Strikes6 g( \% A6 y7 K0 ~' m' t
97. Protest strike4 Z; F4 R) J3 D, V
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 g/ U; a5 j, D
+ z3 I8 {0 _7 L# F( N1 B5 b
Agricultural Strikes
9 x6 s6 U, i o0 M 99. Peasant strike `( N# {0 Q/ j+ I/ F. @" y! v
100. Farm Workers’ strike0 y# O7 s5 E' B4 m. k) q, U
& b2 j5 R; x2 H9 @* m2 q- E
Strikes by Special Groups8 j9 g5 D7 R5 u% H; u2 E( S" u; Q6 e
101. Refusal of impressed labor8 H1 o. {7 W: |8 i) u# _
102. Prisoners’ strike
- i+ ?" _7 j0 @- p. Z Y 103. Craft strike
. o" s' y+ F: b; I8 P 104. Professional strike o; q- n% u; |) ]" w6 [
- \, s& s0 Y( c& @1 I$ |Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ _( w$ p+ w5 k X/ R8 z
105. Establishment strike# G6 ~+ k) j( L6 G' x3 C9 e
106. Industry strike
9 G& f/ z' p) B7 m4 g/ x0 b- o 107. Sympathetic strike" I4 F- z: Y+ E+ k5 w2 `* c( P
, V5 T$ }- q% {/ ~" ^8 @+ H- A
Restricted Strikes5 b! @8 O( {2 B/ F. ?, @$ q) j! n6 ~
108. Detailed strike
$ G0 W; Z! a0 @4 C 109. Bumper strike
- a' k$ v$ ?/ S+ y$ D) {- b X0 ^ ] 110. Slowdown strike
5 T' Y' P# t! g1 F; j+ q: }% t/ [ 111. Working-to-rule strike' F* a+ n! h) N1 Y2 Z% P
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! y" m: `/ w8 S
113. Strike by resignation
0 K+ G" m3 D8 M! ~ 114. Limited strike
5 ^% L- H; {* U# v/ N% \ 115. Selective strike: C6 o3 z1 e8 M" u
5 r2 J0 n% c& I4 UMulti-Industry Strikes: t' p8 k* R! q
! ~* ~( I5 q- L% O+ T& O* F
116. Generalized strike w! r6 A' H. j& F" b7 F4 F# X
/ r) i" x, b! F) y" o9 B8 ^4 o
117. General strike& F9 N3 w) M: @+ V7 P( `
4 m. ?0 n3 ]" @5 \, x
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 L4 h* H* u& }/ ^! V0 b4 _
0 w/ Y2 A4 ~5 q: h# w0 e 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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; S4 Z; v7 D7 c8 U8 P# l
; c& y1 ]' }4 o. xTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" d& ?4 [3 J; Y" a4 i% B
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# y! n a* F. M. h" ^: h2 HRejection of Authority- N# U& U5 L1 ?# y/ c
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 d( Z! `+ Q( w, ~/ O, \
121. Refusal of public support
) O, l6 [" D% [/ X7 @" D9 N1 O 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ Z$ X. a4 C( k
- k5 }. l$ o8 Q* u" h# k& eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 ~; i8 q, Z, T( B, }! c6 ` K 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 C+ K. b5 J. e% M% H# Y- I; z 124. Boycott of elections
8 W. f- h; U; d4 P4 k0 r 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" J4 Y8 P1 j; w$ ^$ H 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 x1 h( H4 L% U- G; A' m" H" R" n. ~* J) S
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) j* x6 l( S |0 Y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# o+ ~% ~; \8 M1 r2 C
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 h- N" b, t' N& P
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 ]" u. g% O( l- U7 x3 x* m
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; @3 B$ Y* U/ W( [+ P0 Z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' _3 S c8 x3 k
! b* ~0 q t# t0 k1 L( h; YCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 i5 p, g. `3 y3 y9 N
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
! r) g2 `3 z9 o9 h 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 V" R( m) y: o' A2 l: c
135. Popular nonobedience
" H5 Q) E' g- O2 K- L 136. Disguised disobedience1 h2 g6 j7 A( {5 z' h
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse e8 _. Q! E8 t7 {: b* r
138. Sitdown7 A9 q j: L( y! W
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% N: w$ a* o; l$ ?' W- Z$ c 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' Q$ p: y. |( p% f. ]
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 c) G8 p: ]; P8 o3 T8 ^/ V% X: C6 a7 j; ~! _
Action by Government Personnel8 y; j/ F, B9 T) o2 h N1 H
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, r7 W; }7 g' n: ~0 v
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 t5 _) Q/ Q- r. }0 D 144. Stalling and obstruction
6 ~- E7 t! p3 S7 C) i 145. General administrative noncooperation7 N- z& V. C1 @
0 A c6 c }' F/ B$ k0 m, N3 y% m
146. Judicial noncooperation
1 F, e" p' {; H" u1 h7 e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" L# g) C* c# X
148. Mutiny
, U2 ?% H/ K6 k, IDomestic Governmental Action
9 p3 S( {6 O4 ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' s' X9 M! E5 x) F 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ U5 ]0 K' w% A2 Y. w3 r' o% z
' o3 m9 h' }4 `1 R0 j5 wInternational Governmental Action
; u3 m/ Q5 l# z/ z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' F" I. Y# {; m; c& X 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ `+ O# G" O! L# d6 x 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ a1 f/ O, _% t- i. Z% N4 d4 K
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! I+ W4 a2 D [ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations# F0 u# Q: z0 F: P% ~- z# [
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
d5 h( L! [1 b9 p* c, L 157. Expulsion from international organizations
) O6 O/ |: o% H! |; I: X! d# U& U1 S* @
9 v8 y6 l1 o0 E n" l5 L6 s+ p! |+ H; j3 d. }
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
5 E3 U( C1 M0 b6 d+ ]. Z, h! v0 m
4 X! B, G; e5 D5 J; kPsychological Intervention
1 j4 m* y: K4 l: c/ | 158. Self-exposure to the elements# @9 w% E3 _, ]8 Q
159. The fast0 [. Y9 C( {- Y3 K: j
a) Fast of moral pressure
$ K, I' W* Q5 ^* k$ Q# [ b) Hunger strike
, A% H' I+ v" c. W; L& u. m c) Satyagrahic fast. E" R' U2 O' P1 y, [8 {
160. Reverse trial7 |$ v0 w2 D U4 n) b
161. Nonviolent harassment
7 W& }" y. a6 P! p* e: e% D5 y5 k6 T: z
8 ]) I" v! {+ U( V6 o7 w9 fPhysical Intervention- ]7 m- y/ W$ U3 P
162. Sit-in. g# _2 p! h0 ?. A
163. Stand-in- b8 |: S8 T3 b7 [2 p
164. Ride-in
- C5 j x D, m8 z4 p/ p. {; ~ 165. Wade-in2 m7 d- g4 C6 U6 z6 `; Z. w# Y
166. Mill-in8 C) Q3 [- P' N1 h
167. Pray-in
1 C7 @' e0 ]% J2 J 168. Nonviolent raids
* E' \2 b% @2 X. D 169. Nonviolent air raids
% @- C/ ]+ H. m0 w* F 170. Nonviolent invasion
/ M, E, y" h5 r 171. Nonviolent interjection
0 [5 J* V9 t5 Y! ^. b 172. Nonviolent obstruction; {) n; x' W1 j; K! e
173. Nonviolent occupation' o/ r+ s) P. k; E$ \" k
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Social Intervention# Y6 b4 k# p1 W! h' O5 I6 j5 ]
174. Establishing new social patterns
) _9 _9 h' Y3 u1 r C 175. Overloading of facilities. ?: N6 w" i/ H) c0 `
176. Stall-in
: d* e: q+ Z3 d+ p, C 177. Speak-in( P: S- X O, V# v9 o$ r
178. Guerrilla theater. b! z( ?8 p/ Z. a) y* k- Z' ?
179. Alternative social institutions$ x1 m3 J3 H U9 y7 K& w1 q
180. Alternative communication system
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9 L! ?& d: A6 p) pEconomic Intervention* ~$ c6 H5 X3 T# l
181. Reverse strike
/ q- h; [: T/ Q 182. Stay-in strike! u% j8 {* v1 q* n$ s
183. Nonviolent land seizure$ C! J) t4 z; q( q' F* D8 l
184. Defiance of blockades
" K: |' I! Y' @: n& q( A' L3 D 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 }; H3 e5 Z0 j* n; C3 T1 F 186. Preclusive purchasing5 G$ Q5 B7 P! Y1 G+ G
187. Seizure of assets
3 x* Y# H* l# N) V 188. Dumping
+ w T% U. g# n# B 189. Selective patronage6 ?' t/ }' Z0 j3 r. d
190. Alternative markets: g5 z$ `% Q; S& p
191. Alternative transportation systems
( E8 F( ~0 m+ \2 h4 D" E 192. Alternative economic institutions
) t4 u* g# B6 o0 d7 |% ~) S% S4 H$ t, ~0 t, p! V; q& A) f: V+ A4 `% q) r
Political Intervention
' L) u: z* k/ t4 h9 b5 j 193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 Z7 k) f# ?. ~8 S 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* S/ D0 Y% L: L- W" ` 195. Seeking imprisonment; x2 W/ ~3 I* [) J. Y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* d2 R' C w: k% ?; B7 J 197. Work-on without collaboration
/ y* z) j! Y L' N L2 J5 h& C 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
