 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, p3 l) W! n0 m) IFormal Statements* T$ H+ s" m: h& ^% B* I+ F! `( H
1. Public Speeches
: @1 u) D9 }% { 2. Letters of opposition or support% n# {2 h7 |; i5 r
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; C! e( x. @* i
4. Signed public statements
& B Y M& O {( q0 S/ ] 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" p0 [) _: O! I! `$ J3 R 6. Group or mass petitions3 F, G' N6 q" N" m' w* o
+ @* J: Q9 K" |0 |+ b" d1 W5 v$ F
Communications with a Wider Audience7 a ?* q6 w: N2 F: y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* K% O3 p+ d/ @$ i: c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 n$ {7 D/ F2 { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( v7 V1 i- V. A: k- }- Y9 g2 l' Q 10. Newspapers and journals8 b7 B1 y) d* V% Z
11. Records, radio, and television4 G2 O& i1 t0 c
12. Skywriting and earthwriting& _8 Y0 x- A: r2 ^3 d
# u) M, i. n, g/ \/ \+ ~4 UGroup Representations8 C3 ~( w$ T( Z
13. Deputations y. E9 d4 w4 g' g9 e1 O
14. Mock awards
' X: S: q" l3 L* m/ O 15. Group lobbying
% b$ r" G- G6 b0 Q$ _ 16. Picketing
/ F+ V' h& o. [7 j. u& Q 17. Mock elections
, n3 z, F# D7 l0 G+ h2 y7 r
! i. N: z' A [2 x% H OSymbolic Public Acts
# ]2 d4 G |" O9 ` 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( [$ j" H7 Q0 M: D. u c 19. Wearing of symbols
4 G" g/ d" I/ g5 G 20. Prayer and worship
9 g3 |! }6 P0 ^ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 o0 O- P4 `; \( D6 _# \/ C 22. Protest disrobings
' B, @6 C- }, x7 l 23. Destruction of own property
6 |# _) u' \0 H7 O- L 24. Symbolic lights
" m8 g( C, W( B' o 25. Displays of portraits1 u* G% m2 v# o
26. Paint as protest
' @4 X, K: F5 D0 T 27. New signs and names F& o0 f3 w0 E- J% Y8 Y& [3 H
28. Symbolic sounds
8 Q6 K& I3 \1 G* Q( e4 c 29. Symbolic reclamations0 a0 a) z6 @, f. q6 W
30. Rude gestures
( E6 t3 }5 A; J8 R7 \3 z1 ~* M, }/ w# M) p! y0 K
Pressures on Individuals! H; E5 v/ ?. t+ j
31. “Haunting” officials3 y g* p) f, x8 z8 a9 F
32. Taunting officials& x; b$ M& I! W9 P
33. Fraternization
; x/ y; d2 m5 c/ u' I+ z0 @ 34. Vigils
. d! _! Q; {% g- }! u; r
) j" {4 R; R9 z: F/ @# @. U8 }Drama and Music
7 c! ?1 f, B3 i! c ]0 W+ P& q" @ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ P5 t% O. u0 L( z9 I 36. Performances of plays and music- ~, J4 g5 v( G' l, X
37. Singing
( K: G$ O8 Y7 w4 W
: V0 k1 w+ |) N! YProcessions
; b- c3 D: m" j6 s1 x1 p 38. Marches
, D- C5 B' `# j9 T 39. Parades
% v7 X+ A2 n; ]2 M/ a% B 40. Religious processions& K" k' w5 a0 j$ i+ o. U0 M
41. Pilgrimages B# y: B: {+ A& G' a
42. Motorcades
" K5 `) j5 c/ Y$ k" g( v8 |% m2 h! v. [
Honoring the Dead5 x6 {0 ?8 q5 C7 k% e6 y, t
43. Political mourning$ q: F$ N3 X: X! S
44. Mock funerals" B) e [. c6 n; F
45. Demonstrative funerals
; `' ]* l3 |0 W 46. Homage at burial places
1 e: Q- e L1 K4 Y" ` c
4 S/ A, R4 K2 N2 X1 i* ^4 b2 _ zPublic Assemblies! f; U. p, x! h& n2 q: ^% J
47. Assemblies of protest or support) H+ i. C9 _9 M1 w4 T$ j
48. Protest meetings
0 z" g: p w7 w/ k: b, X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 ?$ P/ D: H2 F1 e& O. v* \% v 50. Teach-ins. @+ }, a. d; |7 B
. o! l7 S: |& NWithdrawal and Renunciation4 E; B V( C! s
51. Walk-outs E- F# q. P9 Y2 b9 R$ W4 w0 P
52. Silence
I8 v$ X( S- z. n 53. Renouncing honors! c+ ?& N; m# T$ p/ E/ X# O
54. Turning one’s back5 v) u5 w: v" v* {( A6 s+ Y5 W
" S i% _- r2 `' K; e2 `0 G
9 ]* y# [# C, S6 r- g
" C( @. a" S7 }. o* Q STHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 {9 r/ j! S. B! e5 f: {- y9 r
, X' k6 P% a/ P : [, @; q: Y" d" X
2 h7 g* c- `' c4 B0 qOstracism of Persons9 b5 l' @; X" Q9 c4 q6 ]
55. Social boycott
/ ?/ ^, D; z' z 56. Selective social boycott7 l% K, B) z8 | Z! K; K, {! U% l
57. Lysistratic nonaction T& ]7 t/ K% `$ H: H
58. Excommunication
9 F7 y4 l5 f* `6 @ 59. Interdict
* } q. C" J3 G, O* [ K
/ p6 }: I. v! f5 p6 Y+ i9 XNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% p- e$ M! p# A" v, P) E2 v" d
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 f7 b: S# E4 Z" a7 T0 A4 [
61. Boycott of social affairs; s& l5 c, u. R" d( N
62. Student strike$ l" [- h2 a8 |- ?1 P( {( h+ M
63. Social disobedience
7 J y: J4 @0 u( a+ z, j$ b 64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 Z2 v- v1 l4 t0 ]3 ~) G
0 S6 n. c8 S& }; i
Withdrawal from the Social System
0 b! g0 l. r8 {, _3 y# V0 w 65. Stay-at-home
" l; H; B$ h0 Z 66. Total personal noncooperation: q/ u2 j- `# e! e* o
67. “Flight” of workers
" c" Z( t0 H. M- \( i& b 68. Sanctuary
3 ^# s( n1 Z" H& e6 } 69. Collective disappearance
. y2 M% f* O2 T4 i! N 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)( O1 e/ `$ ^! f6 Y4 k* G: p
# H9 ~8 ~; h7 i' N" ?$ M
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; {, y. P4 `7 i ~% U% ^1 W: ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
" H* H5 u' A; `" x+ ]& F) ~9 s1 q( X) s5 X8 S, s
: Z" ^4 Z% u% s" \Actions by Consumers0 c# t! F9 g% |- q- d6 |$ {
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 `1 ]8 b/ A$ L8 k! U n a" c 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ L) g( s. ]. h; E
73. Policy of austerity
: i& X+ G! w8 p7 ~, S 74. Rent withholding
( k$ l. x& D2 h; F7 o; \9 J 75. Refusal to rent
" t& R, Z1 Z& L" \' E 76. National consumers’ boycott+ X q( G9 c, T2 G
77. International consumers’ boycott
8 D5 y, D! N5 W
0 ], P0 G3 j1 O$ \3 [% \Action by Workers and Producers$ m" m! Z7 {$ v3 u3 b6 L: N/ r
78. Workmen’s boycott( t2 T" L! V! A2 o
79. Producers’ boycott" J' [# w- u& Y# K1 \' r7 s
1 | e% z0 b2 ~( ^2 W# _: c
Action by Middlemen
C7 B1 J$ y" y1 [# e 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( G; ?4 K# C7 f0 Y: D, A4 Y
( h6 s4 z N6 S# `. z! B RAction by Owners and Management4 X1 z3 M3 E' @/ {$ F1 i
81. Traders’ boycott+ J% t6 ~/ Z8 n8 o# k {& Q
82. Refusal to let or sell property
- ?, a6 C; w& m/ u& s8 I 83. Lockout
5 ?2 z, u$ n! Y D, { 84. Refusal of industrial assistance# M: y: J( z% ], Z; R: G# O
85. Merchants’ “general strike”: j# e" ?1 W. o. Y3 Q( r
4 g2 T# C! `9 R$ h; F; G; r( p
Action by Holders of Financial Resources, y w+ N6 a3 p( l6 o
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; E( H# `; R# v' k2 o+ e8 ^) b. \ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 Z& D7 Z9 E' \0 m2 y5 x6 a6 i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 A& F- |+ h+ t$ c
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 u6 B! L5 U ~ \+ J( s 90. Revenue refusal
. l, F& |- X3 }) ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money
& G" L. K4 }2 y- c) {/ U
6 M, ]9 |! g( c1 M) c6 b& MAction by Governments8 h5 M/ q' k1 O0 O" W2 N7 v8 D
92. Domestic embargo; t- Z+ b$ v6 H9 P3 b
93. Blacklisting of traders
: o* {% r8 }0 ? 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ R: B4 Z9 {+ l* v, N8 [ 95. International buyers’ embargo% w8 ]' g; m9 W
96. International trade embargo
2 f; ?. `+ C, e+ R, k5 Q, y w9 ?! c4 K) J2 o0 u
! j7 h. B7 s- N' p1 c; Q( C
4 \: l/ }3 g a% d* L* L9 QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" `0 z/ }$ l8 _4 N5 f, b) O
" y% U+ o8 j8 g
( ?- c k5 { }4 k/ g7 v
Symbolic Strikes
9 ?& L |# H7 i" i& s) ] 97. Protest strike
' X8 F" w( m! X: O$ M- @- S 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): w/ T0 F2 H4 E/ s$ z3 H, x9 X
; ?* c6 s1 Y ]$ s9 z! N
Agricultural Strikes0 \8 m6 C1 v! d# u; o0 }! k! [( _
99. Peasant strike3 u/ ^& p5 J1 U5 z4 Z! g
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) Y( ~3 R- Q; H' d2 M: h) Z6 [) U. y/ ?" O$ z6 T2 ~
Strikes by Special Groups
~. d/ y8 N6 ]9 [6 B/ B9 o 101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ L$ g0 u6 ]- c6 A' s* k 102. Prisoners’ strike1 A$ r& Z* P0 |' s
103. Craft strike m) t$ Q( y9 o
104. Professional strike: U% Q( C6 @& H5 G
1 P2 w x9 c& ~1 J9 O' c' \Ordinary Industrial Strikes8 F: e, j1 a/ N5 K9 Q
105. Establishment strike
. ^/ W4 G8 z U: x# ]" W 106. Industry strike
" o$ Q( S' A; n: [1 U4 j3 `0 l 107. Sympathetic strike+ R3 [, C# k) `0 n. W& P
) L3 ?- U; S4 R: L6 g {5 `; ]# aRestricted Strikes2 G! F2 j1 d7 `! O2 \" l F1 ]$ V
108. Detailed strike; U( u Z$ z6 o& D* v
109. Bumper strike6 P& U2 `5 i z& `
110. Slowdown strike" m `' [+ B1 G: K
111. Working-to-rule strike
, z/ H9 j8 Q6 c; @" O# Q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% P0 ^) u0 C% C/ U 113. Strike by resignation
y9 W$ r7 h2 J) p 114. Limited strike
0 C$ c2 I. F- T& N; A0 f+ M 115. Selective strike
6 q d( C) Y) P
$ v: ?2 n% G& VMulti-Industry Strikes
, O1 i0 ]1 h$ p5 w2 Q3 u+ d3 n- N( T2 k( _8 K* r( f
116. Generalized strike2 u* y2 Z: A4 [
8 V- h$ V C0 }$ W. _3 j 117. General strike5 L8 f' U& ^) T- P
; h6 I$ }: ] ~6 R) D( qCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 g3 T4 M) A& g: m. ]+ O8 B8 r, t
# i1 Y8 R' j7 Y1 m
118. Hartal- d1 e) t' E4 V( l+ _0 m; n, F0 r
2 n+ n, h3 _% G4 h6 B) e1 Z/ K; N4 i 119. Economic shutdown
h/ x0 j& \/ N8 K! o) e7 u: K. y6 X- Q+ \: Z6 R
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5 L, {9 k7 @# b! ITHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; u$ i# K- [) r$ d8 F6 p) Q3 I$ D8 }
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1 d0 P$ B' v, s1 ^
Rejection of Authority: T3 T0 {) Q+ T0 O( x5 _. R3 P
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 S; }5 c- u! h" q% b4 ]; u
121. Refusal of public support9 ?6 a x3 P- V. E9 \
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 _5 ?! X! z5 M r( N9 h3 l" [+ i/ a6 C9 h
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 o0 O+ _* G9 d4 n) j, J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: ^/ U) Z ? A: U4 f/ v, m 124. Boycott of elections. {1 b, M/ i: U1 k& M$ |
125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ `- a/ f0 u" f, d9 F3 \7 ?. T# {
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ l8 N8 M, r, y3 S8 j 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ d6 n i, D# r
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 P+ n$ x! f% O3 R; K/ R/ `9 U 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- b8 H: f4 T# H* ^ x( F
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- W, Z# o0 C. e& t3 } 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& w, d4 G& k# y6 _' p! v
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
" W* a! G0 P0 B( A+ L4 `' T7 h1 c/ c- I3 ]+ C' ?( J' }3 g7 b
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. S9 g) K2 \" z8 _/ b$ ?# }# j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; P! \- N( m& z: T9 [( R" E. ~9 w 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ ?' g. m: f' E' B1 |( w 135. Popular nonobedience
! g4 F. f F4 l0 v. E 136. Disguised disobedience! Z1 G4 X: G0 Q: T# \0 A
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 o: ~# X& Q( x; G 138. Sitdown) D6 M+ L% {" }# @* b0 p
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ k! B- N+ {: B( r; u2 R8 @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 m1 R6 f" Z$ U5 i! @0 I' O
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, x7 ^4 l( b5 l7 j* }
, u# l6 i. ]7 c, MAction by Government Personnel
$ y3 }, L# _- T% M7 ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 w1 F/ k' N* _( Q# s7 u 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% v/ u8 q* z! B 144. Stalling and obstruction. e5 I5 [5 |4 J0 a+ A
145. General administrative noncooperation8 h5 r- c$ R8 M- p9 N. m
* d& O2 R3 `6 b, k! f" M0 R0 ~. P) G 146. Judicial noncooperation2 I1 W- K; K9 U( @0 ~% t* j" e0 m
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- ^% v1 _5 ^4 C# N& G% S1 t
148. Mutiny
3 P8 D# |1 |' Q: y5 vDomestic Governmental Action2 o0 o! S2 `+ g: }
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 m) w: c( ?" r& `. f4 L
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
1 m+ Q: e$ k! x' q, k* R" i* F" _# E0 u
International Governmental Action
8 w) t2 z) s" e; L; a 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; |6 e& L0 e, j w' K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& b" l, C6 G+ A% q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ R# ?7 n$ K. E8 O5 Y" u( T
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
+ [* e! a- m0 O, |9 I4 w 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 T/ `+ o' R6 _ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 k9 t$ A" a9 x; W1 ]. [; Q. r# c 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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1 ~ f! l4 a' t) {( ~
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
+ E o' Q3 L7 k. X
Q6 R* m% y# e: I $ e. |( W" q6 o% M8 U8 O
Psychological Intervention; d$ g4 I& W4 {: e
158. Self-exposure to the elements' i! x+ P, {# _' A' a
159. The fast; d' Z# i( v8 D" h9 s; v. A
a) Fast of moral pressure" J! V7 q7 O3 i3 l( q
b) Hunger strike
" c9 u! E7 ?" G) _% V c) Satyagrahic fast# o5 S3 f- i6 d4 E) m
160. Reverse trial9 {' `9 n1 W. M- |. j
161. Nonviolent harassment
6 K: j. H) K! k/ S6 M2 K* I
% u) f0 Z9 c s5 d( VPhysical Intervention
6 V* K5 n+ |; f) f. w/ Y) Q 162. Sit-in ]4 z0 J$ C/ @: \- W' L+ x
163. Stand-in( z; [' ~% x3 E
164. Ride-in
& v, X9 N- ~9 N+ D V* t# @ 165. Wade-in0 m' M+ K6 u& y+ Q
166. Mill-in% [+ h" H' e$ C
167. Pray-in
$ @- E0 f# Q3 O9 v. a 168. Nonviolent raids
7 `$ N9 y8 G) }5 Y4 [* h k 169. Nonviolent air raids
2 {& X0 x8 u( q/ Y6 o 170. Nonviolent invasion
/ d6 u, H# W2 O 171. Nonviolent interjection
) Z9 [1 ]$ Z% p2 L) D5 X 172. Nonviolent obstruction: N% H- g2 Y. w- M
173. Nonviolent occupation
+ p% f" S1 f* i, [! [: U- b4 U- d0 n4 C2 |! M
Social Intervention9 ~2 ^- ` R+ `$ q+ @$ F
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 K6 v# L4 r' E, v 175. Overloading of facilities. o0 `3 t ] j f/ A2 n3 N! c
176. Stall-in
! v" [# q$ s D5 K/ V 177. Speak-in
- W& w; Q8 F! V g 178. Guerrilla theater
! q0 Z& E, `/ x1 C0 h3 w9 e 179. Alternative social institutions
& w1 M" u, x. F& L7 n$ G; ~* a0 C 180. Alternative communication system
( V8 `% Q! ?- l2 e
) z# I9 U+ {% Z1 A) W' g2 {Economic Intervention
8 g6 k. L. Y0 {% z+ ]9 L. }6 G0 ~ 181. Reverse strike
$ Z1 y, U0 W( R8 @* ^7 q 182. Stay-in strike
7 r9 W! T0 o$ q* O+ N 183. Nonviolent land seizure
) J" M* L3 M) b: Z. h$ H" f9 J8 u 184. Defiance of blockades
9 z8 T: t* b9 N0 P, o- o 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) k9 R; `0 v4 K4 J' p! B 186. Preclusive purchasing
4 s3 y0 R" I/ p/ g, O" x 187. Seizure of assets
/ w E7 Y1 s$ {. E" d. b8 Q 188. Dumping
5 U* H% V/ ?. N8 A 189. Selective patronage
5 m) B+ x& l; C( W: d4 a 190. Alternative markets
, z6 n% ]( d% K' l+ N2 U J 191. Alternative transportation systems
" L3 o7 Z6 T% C% N+ H; R 192. Alternative economic institutions A3 n t* K& L$ i3 b1 @
6 Y4 X1 N" Q9 f* A8 NPolitical Intervention
, C4 y$ E! L2 x( { n" U2 x/ @ 193. Overloading of administrative systems9 _1 o2 T% e3 \8 [. {3 J# r
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 n/ t0 M9 |2 C7 y y" f. G# a 195. Seeking imprisonment
$ f8 |) Y$ f( D @8 ~. i4 X6 l" L 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ }! {. Y5 N2 Y8 v; G
197. Work-on without collaboration
& x' u3 v* I9 R3 S. O" u 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
