 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 F9 ?7 u4 Z, q6 qFormal Statements" X. Z f9 F8 w& c1 G+ v
1. Public Speeches# M! Y9 a9 ~1 ?% P
2. Letters of opposition or support
1 C/ E: F! _* i4 ^ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions ]7 o1 L; D$ X5 B9 W5 d, }
4. Signed public statements4 k2 [/ T' ]5 B6 e# X& |6 A0 R2 Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 L% u2 K+ H* x4 y7 m 6. Group or mass petitions8 x$ d0 c$ j! \- C
4 n6 v& \: ]' B }, L
Communications with a Wider Audience5 ?" S. `' r" x
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 h3 o: O- S1 O 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. E2 W3 x( [+ \ e 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" H5 c: e: I( P, G, I$ o
10. Newspapers and journals. @* ~6 A0 u# l# _1 c, G
11. Records, radio, and television
7 Q; W: o+ X3 J9 }% Y, b 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 I; s; F Y7 s5 Q
* c6 N) w8 \7 Z' `4 k! Y
Group Representations1 e1 E; o7 a b& ^( Q
13. Deputations3 c6 m& }+ ?3 T$ P9 \& a8 H8 |
14. Mock awards2 M" j7 A1 F/ r% c
15. Group lobbying W5 j( e% q6 z, |4 G
16. Picketing
8 U$ }9 c/ Q: Y7 K1 V1 r 17. Mock elections
4 n8 k" o& c, I W' r6 i8 T) d2 _& Y# l7 u N
Symbolic Public Acts
2 W4 m4 O2 o6 X( e6 d i 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 `6 W/ F$ `' l4 v7 h" x; H 19. Wearing of symbols8 G1 ?, D* Z7 Y/ f6 @% V; U
20. Prayer and worship
5 B: \& i( I/ a" t) \4 [% I; s# q 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 z4 ^6 m& a6 z# Z 22. Protest disrobings
& w) q3 {6 B$ v 23. Destruction of own property7 \3 A4 ?8 E9 C" b+ u- z
24. Symbolic lights
$ h, d/ f ]% D0 O8 Z 25. Displays of portraits
. N H! e! k9 W6 C: {9 K- O; A" n 26. Paint as protest
* J- Y% A4 v' t6 \' A" W8 ] 27. New signs and names- \% M+ W) |6 h
28. Symbolic sounds9 k8 ]/ H4 O; h* D, }! W
29. Symbolic reclamations
3 [& Z L$ i; O- m% o 30. Rude gestures
4 u9 N- N' [' b
9 P, }* k8 \1 U% T; \4 e9 Z8 OPressures on Individuals c, b" k6 ]+ a6 i6 ?/ `8 B% q
31. “Haunting” officials
% p4 u& z' [6 [: r 32. Taunting officials3 i+ {$ h; u8 F4 F6 Q! K
33. Fraternization9 \% E ^# v* s# ?! }
34. Vigils
. K. ]/ Z* |' A; T, J8 t* ]: |6 S) {9 v) V; }
Drama and Music k% ]) ^- d1 f- v/ ~# p% `
35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 ~7 R ], y% t5 |0 p% [, v& g5 t) { 36. Performances of plays and music9 X+ C1 w+ |. a- v# `* f8 ?$ i) {8 T- j
37. Singing, X$ j- n& Q1 U: f9 v
4 d. ]. M. b n7 PProcessions
" N2 C7 r8 @6 N 38. Marches( b! v9 n C# i# t. J: r3 ]
39. Parades
v# a, J. y0 b' u 40. Religious processions9 |6 I* x+ Y t% S; W: ~
41. Pilgrimages4 Z9 a3 ^" I# @ N
42. Motorcades
) T! P1 G7 X; j' G
/ M0 J8 b- q: U! Z8 |% T( {Honoring the Dead2 A5 P4 N! ]! r# y4 i" r
43. Political mourning5 U" e* Q* r ?) p
44. Mock funerals: n+ }( P8 v( p! {6 a3 t: x7 j
45. Demonstrative funerals# r3 ~* j0 ?8 [3 V7 M8 w0 s0 x
46. Homage at burial places
2 J4 N+ Q* P( W8 i% R% f! X- ]- M! ]6 y- H
Public Assemblies( a3 r, r$ N/ {- S
47. Assemblies of protest or support' W. q) X$ z! K+ o- T5 f
48. Protest meetings) q8 @7 E/ z$ G8 f. C
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 o* `) {1 x% j6 l) W 50. Teach-ins
/ J' X9 H0 B O2 d& ?4 @0 ?5 [ ~2 l0 I( T/ {# {8 k
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. N& s A* T6 g8 k7 P( } 51. Walk-outs
9 Y, @& [$ t, [* M+ T3 E! s) N% j$ R* u1 T 52. Silence5 w9 t% X: E. V4 J2 d/ n
53. Renouncing honors
" k) L( s2 ]( o3 u' l2 J 54. Turning one’s back. ~3 q4 M0 m( u
9 W/ V5 z' n# E% b. Z, j
2 I5 P: D% Y+ q. ~8 ]
5 o9 _) t3 B% Y- BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 h( R' Z4 \5 C. ~: G
" d: S* x" k5 I9 E# O+ i & f$ k/ i- X% @- [8 c/ n s, a0 ]# j# k
3 r! {& ~+ p# q) s
Ostracism of Persons" ?2 e2 O0 O, u
55. Social boycott
8 p8 j9 {1 L6 @3 ]! D 56. Selective social boycott9 S/ w* E) h* |' Y* I' [
57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ [5 _4 [, A# X5 T: |3 S% u 58. Excommunication1 a- \7 l0 r6 t6 g
59. Interdict
' L( n* z- R* d# r8 {
5 K' J) q, }3 }; c& E& r9 pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( [$ @5 K+ k. Q6 l
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# T( Y) X( i/ l+ H2 F 61. Boycott of social affairs( Z1 \- {" ]* ^; @
62. Student strike! h3 b y* ]5 E4 q* U* B) S" h
63. Social disobedience5 c4 w6 Y m8 T) P
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 S4 O' B3 l$ ^" \0 h7 m
* u3 m/ I% x" [$ R W; ]Withdrawal from the Social System
) S( M3 _1 J" v$ s/ K 65. Stay-at-home! e* Q5 |$ ^! T& J7 N3 k
66. Total personal noncooperation
% e4 E( t r3 u6 Y; e) f 67. “Flight” of workers
# r; B* E/ ?! i% ], R# t 68. Sanctuary
; w# l2 ?' R9 a* b3 z# J 69. Collective disappearance
# g: W; U6 a4 t3 y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! ]! E4 {- s3 {$ x
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$ y' e. _6 I* [3 w5 v# L, f% n5 i# G% \* m7 i) E1 r: r9 f! S: \* Q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# E! Y n; U: m+ p Z" M9 l2 t7 o
9 ?3 [$ p. h8 x; C* N3 c& E( F3 N
9 d: @# v. ~4 o' G3 u6 l KActions by Consumers
0 v( q/ u4 f) Q) X R6 a 71. Consumers’ boycott$ Y2 |% c9 B2 M; e4 ^
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 Z* ^3 k' Y+ ]5 L" u3 k
73. Policy of austerity
7 R# ]" G% t3 X) l5 H( o 74. Rent withholding" f8 [5 q. W9 w* ^# V9 c* x
75. Refusal to rent
# S, ]7 K5 X% P( O9 i 76. National consumers’ boycott
1 `- u1 c ? A) X7 t' R 77. International consumers’ boycott
! J: w+ N- l1 t, P6 C% u; k3 B: \
; g( e) U% b$ a* t1 S( k8 N L9 m8 dAction by Workers and Producers# S. s5 p g4 j; m2 z, [
78. Workmen’s boycott
. c, H3 ]; [9 z& D0 |9 G 79. Producers’ boycott
) G9 {' D7 Z, [4 c/ ~; E( D0 J' v5 A
Action by Middlemen& _, B9 [8 W( X
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: u2 x% b0 J% _' ~" O: u
" a$ J5 p# w9 M* {1 c! Z; L1 AAction by Owners and Management
( I0 G! X+ k/ [; _, k" I; o 81. Traders’ boycott
/ |/ p5 q( }6 c8 A# q3 m3 S2 C3 z 82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 j2 ~; i$ O. r+ M$ i- V1 U2 F3 B 83. Lockout r! J7 @8 D' d6 H4 T' {1 H
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 M' m) }) @5 N0 t5 [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" b O% u3 k8 c5 y- F" b8 [. K* k2 n) ?& k
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 S7 B$ J7 j% z1 ~; X; z7 z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- r! [' Y' [; \( K
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 I$ ?; l# @1 N5 ?" X( o
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 [2 L6 c, C o! L7 z2 S' T
89. Severance of funds and credit
* Q9 v( k G" G7 H 90. Revenue refusal s' W0 X' I) f6 P
91. Refusal of a government’s money
* {0 D, r+ s- v
9 F" |) J4 w! ]- D( c# O7 {Action by Governments
, a/ S$ b% k( N! \; @1 e0 x* @ 92. Domestic embargo) B5 b( ^( w" ]6 `9 u- I
93. Blacklisting of traders
( T- [3 P+ o1 o9 {' N: A, w 94. International sellers’ embargo
# t+ ]5 v4 U# s6 B" P* c6 q( T; v 95. International buyers’ embargo
& z( G, H* I1 {0 G+ l7 @ 96. International trade embargo2 `( v: h1 B) ~6 q# ]
: \5 Z. F3 `( V ~9 ?
# h: }4 E1 K& h- I$ K4 B2 L
: j# ~5 Z9 J& R5 z0 pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 o" T, L% e% h
( D) Z1 E8 ?/ z1 U E; K' Q; R; d
. l/ m. J3 g i# p4 g- JSymbolic Strikes
) M& l7 u- x+ R* ~& L 97. Protest strike2 H3 x8 h X( c
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 S; k9 M! O' ?( s2 Q7 w' R1 j2 u! z+ Y5 V/ j# i; Z0 i& k
Agricultural Strikes* p' I; v8 M- i- A* a
99. Peasant strike% n9 E3 W: O# b2 p1 k* j9 J3 P- G
100. Farm Workers’ strike2 b- S) o) o( Y& L' F& l1 T$ f
- d+ D6 [( |3 @' E6 P3 G0 n/ f
Strikes by Special Groups
4 L+ m1 O$ J" p+ z 101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 ]6 d/ z* ]8 r+ X 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ ^. H, N& X5 z3 v 103. Craft strike# @ K9 J1 t) ?5 T
104. Professional strike! V: N# L8 X+ L( Z* e$ a# _( w
? o2 ]8 s, Z9 o, L! xOrdinary Industrial Strikes
% @& N) Q0 U1 N! Z7 v 105. Establishment strike
; ^" C: ~8 _* w 106. Industry strike$ a4 i, C5 E$ n" v
107. Sympathetic strike
3 `5 w- c! F2 W2 S& z& G9 Z
% z/ Q- L, D, L' I( S0 M* ^Restricted Strikes1 R$ s: U6 s* T) x" G: y- Q# ?0 ~; N
108. Detailed strike$ z( W5 t8 \( u* x. A
109. Bumper strike2 k6 n' t# J0 ^
110. Slowdown strike
8 m, s# q( u7 R. D2 @9 _. V 111. Working-to-rule strike4 W! f. K' g Z- F: z
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
c: }. V* w" \7 T, Q, r8 t0 t- C9 Z 113. Strike by resignation! W; s) w8 i6 Z$ V5 q3 S# y9 _( p H$ U
114. Limited strike: }9 b& }9 H) _ O
115. Selective strike. n8 V0 X# o3 P
) _" B W- e# r. R3 dMulti-Industry Strikes r s( p' p) t" m# s9 X# f K I
( L8 Q* Z# W" x0 i: C% k- ~# t 116. Generalized strike
4 Y/ @( x/ V. b3 d3 ?# q
7 f7 W- _; q1 J8 F5 l- s 117. General strike0 S% `( L0 Q; O$ H4 V, P
" B0 e4 A) o7 f" U4 x
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ K B, h' d& a5 L1 m6 l- \, g& G
! w5 W$ @! ?8 \3 G6 V/ C. A 118. Hartal
' Q( ^* K a5 y) Q
% Y+ _6 ~, z }. }" a 119. Economic shutdown3 K. ], ~ `7 W6 Z: [& `3 `1 S
2 N) ?$ H5 C0 \9 P& J; I: v4 }- Y: t
1 B; J1 O; Y/ {1 t# b, z* P
$ F# o: E. k3 K7 L1 V. V+ D& s( bTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% K i' m; {+ Q" m4 h
0 ]2 C0 U6 V! V
& p; E1 V! s8 _' u* v
Rejection of Authority
. d" J+ t+ f/ X) Y1 I3 Q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ n1 \' l$ D4 z8 A* { 121. Refusal of public support/ @' h8 Z: {6 i$ `
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ W: ~% U" ^- }' f% J
$ \5 i; T$ G: U* E, y3 k+ }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
R( R8 k0 x3 L# ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 {5 K, T% L# N7 U3 I
124. Boycott of elections9 H+ y, j8 }- I, @/ c
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: r3 ^! F e" b; a1 L. a 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 a9 e' H" P9 n% \3 z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 [! c+ c2 Y7 ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 [* n& K3 u5 H 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ ?$ G. A# J, R+ h
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 E( k% h# ~: g: L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ r& L" N E" O. `1 b 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ a5 f* s4 c: _* v3 v4 R0 y
2 A( W5 ^7 X! ^) K0 L
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 d, k$ }. H$ f( U
133. Reluctant and slow compliance( g8 Z; j. x' X' M5 E, i
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 `. Z; t; q @; X$ m" H) R 135. Popular nonobedience# a7 y: G5 N0 C( S0 m, N
136. Disguised disobedience% v" M/ q5 D: |7 W3 g0 V: u/ [3 ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 |' S2 X7 E. c1 X* V 138. Sitdown, @1 }) g) O3 S9 Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! @" ^* G: Q( @/ K. p) c3 u 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( t# t5 t5 e2 s* S d; B3 n/ c 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 {8 i0 F, a7 e$ o
8 x4 @0 I) ?5 u' D- {. _2 ~Action by Government Personnel
* z8 g$ [8 q& G6 R, G- v) ^5 B 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides& J! l1 m+ H5 o+ s& |2 e
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ W, B z7 N3 u" l 144. Stalling and obstruction
3 Q J4 G( K1 ?+ ^' u% Y- g 145. General administrative noncooperation
! P' o7 p" W1 Q! {$ j3 |$ A/ o$ B0 p y
146. Judicial noncooperation
0 z; m7 e+ |* N' e' } 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# L; z9 j3 u6 ~! }, B
148. Mutiny
" P, I5 h0 m% JDomestic Governmental Action. v1 X# S' h/ d$ W
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 i" ] Y( ~, ~1 W$ Y2 C
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" p( d! `+ q) F! B
- r- W* c( I# ?9 ^4 |* ~/ nInternational Governmental Action9 H2 {, {" q1 }
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 G; Q0 X0 S4 T$ U. R- \# D( n& e4 K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 k: O1 m5 U3 Y. T# ]& i9 Q1 d 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 c# u+ s$ |9 V 154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ G. ^+ w" J3 x/ y9 l' O, [! Y* E
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- t# d5 F& k1 Z7 p" r; y& B+ ^ e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 C* u" d) E. k/ ^& R) ]: k F 157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 _8 T6 _( e0 P7 g0 A% e
9 f3 X4 T0 h0 a ) A* M; z; y A* \
+ q5 P8 D0 y7 a! n. ~- T# ]THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 q( r& A8 t- k, k2 @ E9 ~# a/ @ K M/ ~) T J5 f# b* r
2 ~# z3 R9 x9 h. A; a0 Q) q0 {6 q& xPsychological Intervention0 m# B' F2 e- H2 H5 a# I/ {, ?8 o: S
158. Self-exposure to the elements5 X, N0 c% z4 H- |
159. The fast
" ~7 f6 ]; R9 g5 ^0 s- H' h a) Fast of moral pressure
4 l1 w' O% i0 G3 @1 t b) Hunger strike, q5 A1 g: @0 ~! l3 s
c) Satyagrahic fast) c! o7 x# V' `/ p( U8 s
160. Reverse trial
" u* F( W+ R: ]# e& { | E2 ? f 161. Nonviolent harassment
: Y$ @2 j& W$ }9 t1 Y$ C7 x1 {/ @
! @5 u& C. U" S1 |Physical Intervention
" I1 E; B; H2 m2 E& t/ A- l4 u 162. Sit-in
3 a' r; N$ m8 e F9 _ 163. Stand-in7 L3 {8 ]' h R0 g
164. Ride-in
' U' a' ~4 S" M9 Q' B3 j* @& h 165. Wade-in
$ c8 s* n: M: A! D% l 166. Mill-in1 U. U8 o. O/ Z6 w, U$ Q4 }
167. Pray-in
- R1 K) T) Z! d, z 168. Nonviolent raids
' ?5 v* l L1 K2 U' l 169. Nonviolent air raids
. `, j7 D: D i( d* c% F1 g( @ 170. Nonviolent invasion
6 a+ Z+ h* \- t7 Z5 a, t$ ~) W 171. Nonviolent interjection
. `8 p, |$ u: b6 v) m1 H! A& z 172. Nonviolent obstruction0 v1 |( S* t2 C8 s
173. Nonviolent occupation
! I( U; M7 A% u6 F) C) M7 X" M" C9 ~2 L9 A. g' m) f
Social Intervention
3 L1 u8 M& e4 v% T: \( x, L/ j 174. Establishing new social patterns# `: m; i2 P2 W+ v% o! `
175. Overloading of facilities4 s7 c& z3 R3 k6 C, O% ^# U
176. Stall-in
6 Q. B0 a1 z9 T1 R& P 177. Speak-in, E% B) ~$ E0 \4 j
178. Guerrilla theater
; ]5 }+ N& j2 G1 `1 u1 }4 M3 M% A 179. Alternative social institutions
3 M7 \& O7 b- G. [! g7 e 180. Alternative communication system
* J5 f- r6 ^1 X$ a( Q' b8 x% [7 b( C7 g: K3 ]& W
Economic Intervention
7 r1 e) @1 Y. q. M: o4 l& _- O 181. Reverse strike& p _ P# j# {: `& { ~9 x& `
182. Stay-in strike
4 J% X$ `/ X* V Q- P 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ I: i I, _0 F3 ^3 s( J% ~
184. Defiance of blockades! J" x; N; A+ J3 S! m, e
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 l( E$ y$ i" z7 {/ \ 186. Preclusive purchasing7 U6 @9 u# C# J0 q. W2 g5 x. h8 C1 N
187. Seizure of assets* W: ~) n( c. V* A) N
188. Dumping
* @ F h" j t: b 189. Selective patronage6 @! Y ]; b) w. N
190. Alternative markets( ~7 V; d% V7 ^: Y0 e5 W) ~
191. Alternative transportation systems+ p7 s% q3 H% r# g! N
192. Alternative economic institutions6 Q* c- K# A$ b9 ]2 R3 h& A" [* J
. w: b g0 Z) w; o7 |$ R3 e
Political Intervention* L y: r8 v$ r& d0 e1 N" Q
193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ ?5 L0 t7 s2 F/ Z* ] r$ p 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ }5 H8 ~2 V, _2 Y7 `0 N7 E 195. Seeking imprisonment |$ D; P/ U2 M3 l+ B: F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& }! \: N4 h8 w0 I7 y) n
197. Work-on without collaboration
5 P5 `- ` l, | 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' Q6 z+ i, ?: |! q3 `
1 X" a3 H2 q4 `8 A
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
