 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 U1 z3 U6 k, R2 A6 JFormal Statements
4 \, @. b" Q2 R- K9 _ P# Z* G$ | 1. Public Speeches7 w' r: R8 T ?! D' W# j$ h6 j
2. Letters of opposition or support0 A3 u$ e/ q! h& E+ A9 z& V
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 p8 e* ]; L# o4 i$ Y5 S" Q 4. Signed public statements! i' C( e) s- J/ Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ }8 y, t2 [) h* V; v3 r/ s# q! m
6. Group or mass petitions% n6 q2 }5 O8 q7 K" _
+ F9 m$ R+ x) U3 }$ fCommunications with a Wider Audience3 G) X0 V4 K# A& P- u1 c4 D9 e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols L# \; W' H' P+ F, `$ X. F+ |
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. k& R5 S0 Z4 f3 o" d
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 f0 o5 B' {) H `& X
10. Newspapers and journals
, r/ l I, n- Q 11. Records, radio, and television& V$ j, r/ Y7 B! U* `
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ ]# q: C8 _- }, B( w$ G4 x/ D) l' Q: L, D3 A0 P( \7 G
Group Representations
1 f( T% K7 L9 L. w 13. Deputations
2 ^; e" L3 i! Z! h 14. Mock awards
0 w# G& b6 N) A f 15. Group lobbying& T5 K, J4 b8 ^1 z, h" e- c5 m" U
16. Picketing
, a0 n+ B( T' ~9 F9 V 17. Mock elections) j% x) G g( _- ^
6 w% G$ i% B7 f% B$ ySymbolic Public Acts
0 M; G. D! Q$ j 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 H$ |" N$ y" F1 q6 X 19. Wearing of symbols! k7 c9 h0 [- h
20. Prayer and worship4 Z% x0 c v7 ?2 j0 ]' D
21. Delivering symbolic objects- s, Q* q- V% m: s2 A
22. Protest disrobings
( c9 y& m: E9 _8 Z$ t: T5 d2 ] 23. Destruction of own property! P, p3 d4 w1 `3 h
24. Symbolic lights
2 S0 o9 W, \' ^3 n1 M* y7 h 25. Displays of portraits
: v4 t' M" D! y 26. Paint as protest6 C* i( M( c) k5 ^
27. New signs and names v1 b0 J( w; \5 o% V9 N' f% a
28. Symbolic sounds
4 A ~. ^3 J0 u4 s h' | 29. Symbolic reclamations
5 b+ ?! q5 F: R6 @$ M 30. Rude gestures* b0 |4 O7 E* N% h! E4 |( i
2 H4 U. ^- W6 ?
Pressures on Individuals
( B) u; U; H1 a 31. “Haunting” officials. A) A! |( K K& e8 A
32. Taunting officials
. K5 J6 | r) ~4 D b2 ]2 I' c E; x7 _ 33. Fraternization
* F/ y# t, z( B1 K 34. Vigils. J+ r. e+ f; Q& [1 F
+ o' w6 B# T3 b$ D% I0 uDrama and Music
" u0 d* H. l3 Z" ?4 C) I* | 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* i1 V7 m4 s9 R8 _7 O% q* }7 Y 36. Performances of plays and music; u( Z' w3 c6 H/ r7 }
37. Singing9 ~7 }: }/ p0 j& G- F/ J' h9 F
u, u i" `, Z4 CProcessions
$ k8 e) ~( A: ^ 38. Marches
" N- g$ [7 h7 a4 i6 t; N 39. Parades. `- x5 J7 z& \
40. Religious processions
# W' e9 f, B d& X. }: V- U! s 41. Pilgrimages, @/ z$ B4 n, k. [
42. Motorcades3 z+ t( I$ z# R) Z! j
/ |( z8 w# Z0 k' o) l
Honoring the Dead
7 O3 H V1 z' T 43. Political mourning0 a; {2 n0 P, }- f: \; H8 I
44. Mock funerals# B( u; P. o g' T, w% V
45. Demonstrative funerals
5 m9 D, u! V* t. C! W" f 46. Homage at burial places# H" ?/ X; B# ^1 E: z1 j
' A* @& F: y# g, C4 _0 q+ ^Public Assemblies; n, |. }1 E/ J9 a- _3 N- c
47. Assemblies of protest or support
# r# f) \3 r: ?# h 48. Protest meetings
% J v' |3 a3 \6 F. ~( ] 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ ^ E: o9 V1 w# { 50. Teach-ins0 {- S6 V# e: i7 |9 l( B
( A+ A' H. U' G
Withdrawal and Renunciation
% }+ |$ y2 {) f& P% n; E 51. Walk-outs
- P# J8 C+ x: `$ `" x ] 52. Silence! Q6 _6 A7 C% T1 ~9 I3 q, U
53. Renouncing honors
) ~1 T9 k3 o U z ^9 b: X# Z 54. Turning one’s back& k! x: H* M0 n6 w
/ T- H& ~5 L& d$ ^+ O
/ E; d& {- U; E2 o1 t' P% d& m6 Z6 r% y. r
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
" V9 B9 |; h5 e; N# h- p8 Q/ s% S. M
1 R5 ]6 u" `( J; P' v4 I
: W5 |6 K( M2 S2 |/ E& S1 Z# _7 L# X8 R. M. d* P( s" D% A, U' D
Ostracism of Persons
: u+ g6 a( R1 B% |- H' ]) R. q 55. Social boycott0 k' e: P7 I8 j$ p. y b
56. Selective social boycott3 Y2 w1 b% l% G, h
57. Lysistratic nonaction/ Z7 b4 P, n/ D6 A$ A0 W6 _
58. Excommunication
5 `! h: E; S. z 59. Interdict
- K% P4 o! ]4 |: m: ?1 D( ]' ?4 N* N$ P1 Z, g. J: Y6 H. L5 A
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ [# H3 j# \7 v- d! H$ Q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities) C) c W, z" x
61. Boycott of social affairs5 u, [7 d2 x4 r. O: g8 j. c
62. Student strike
! r. R, h- f. E4 }$ U# A7 ^; h 63. Social disobedience
: B- {8 v1 H4 F7 |5 ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& s5 V% Y. W0 H g$ U) p* j; W+ h& F ^. d2 z8 v+ }
Withdrawal from the Social System) G9 l6 q, ]; R2 E- ^8 `2 F; N
65. Stay-at-home
- V7 |) V& B- _, }" k/ G! d% e 66. Total personal noncooperation
# e: T7 p. i. Q' E7 r 67. “Flight” of workers
/ C- q! V3 O% |, y7 K 68. Sanctuary9 m) ?" d) k* p: Q
69. Collective disappearance; b! f/ s2 ~! t" B+ o u
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# |- W! q9 {. r2 E1 W: F
/ f5 N! @; T9 w6 |" ], k
- O9 M- n% |+ m; h6 I! K4 z
; [7 [! J8 n5 s- D$ G( W8 x+ pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
' Z5 Y0 U% P( v# V n5 k9 O) z& j1 J) N/ i7 v" E2 H
7 ~. Q! g1 M! I) O) R
Actions by Consumers
+ I1 Q6 n4 O8 U 71. Consumers’ boycott
# A6 L' a, V( `) \$ c& I6 S6 N 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' |2 N* ]- `# k, f
73. Policy of austerity
1 o' u) s$ y# C5 s2 \+ d3 @ 74. Rent withholding# o* U! t. b/ L1 B. y
75. Refusal to rent! F8 ^& P0 a/ M p0 Q
76. National consumers’ boycott% c. E, t: `! G) c3 {) j) s9 [
77. International consumers’ boycott' j* h( F7 N, }/ h6 Q8 p
' T/ G4 _+ J% \ L6 h L! ~: S
Action by Workers and Producers$ f# x2 g8 q; r" O
78. Workmen’s boycott
3 J6 p2 s7 Y1 I) _3 L 79. Producers’ boycott
( t7 \0 |0 R/ U" c
' I% S1 J, G/ l+ x# t% qAction by Middlemen
2 z( F9 a0 w, n4 ~/ [7 ?: F, j 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ e, E7 q1 S, f( r8 D9 T
8 e7 H3 [- [5 v' J. i% z8 fAction by Owners and Management/ p" w8 A% O: K# l
81. Traders’ boycott0 R+ y f& W' X- f4 s) ?) k8 i
82. Refusal to let or sell property) B- P- A; _/ N: H) u8 f7 R
83. Lockout
' E7 n) }( b/ ~& L9 s) D 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: o. ?4 q3 j) x' E! @5 u 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: n2 E4 N+ u# y( @: ]& N- Z% h1 l3 k. u( ?1 `$ d6 Y1 e) l
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
# W9 |, J0 x" B! ? 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( S2 w- E- y" Y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
W7 [7 T( s6 R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: i6 H( C9 i, _) m# ~$ K* s 89. Severance of funds and credit
3 c1 k2 F& O; r 90. Revenue refusal# R* @4 o3 P6 [" a% z) ]
91. Refusal of a government’s money, a. g$ R( T% `& n* o
6 C4 ^. i. g3 v: h- ]( H2 K" {Action by Governments
) ~( E3 R/ B' ]! _6 p9 z/ T" t" d 92. Domestic embargo z; ^* |. m0 h" x4 w( ^
93. Blacklisting of traders
' _+ o/ A" G- l# Q 94. International sellers’ embargo
) M) m3 T9 J; o! H- t: i( I# ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo
3 M3 W: i/ [4 D6 P$ `. A- D 96. International trade embargo; X+ P z$ h+ O" R: p
4 M1 F. N0 t+ w. R 1 A: i( D4 U9 R" N% p! E
2 Q4 i. K" U- k% W& ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
( w8 [. {! H# C' n/ r7 q
6 [- x4 ^/ y# \ s. j+ Q5 c * U4 l! S6 [, {* L. m9 t
Symbolic Strikes9 j% b1 W* {0 c3 }0 V1 t. i+ m
97. Protest strike
2 U" _. I$ Z1 N: }, m1 m, m 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ \" e5 ~2 O$ _: k2 r& w
" y& v; G% R1 e& s) @3 A: rAgricultural Strikes
- W* t* l& D$ J. r% F, Q' @ 99. Peasant strike/ @( e9 \& b& H# w7 X
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 ?+ c3 Y% q2 {6 v! J
: @, K( B# ^7 t1 ^Strikes by Special Groups4 c$ K4 |' e! t/ T) A& x6 q% _
101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 [8 A3 `& [8 ?! q4 U& E" Q: q 102. Prisoners’ strike3 g: { ]! A; L* U
103. Craft strike
8 a1 u% Z9 X, e& C- ~* b) [ 104. Professional strike9 y0 _, I2 Y! P& G! M
! s" p) K9 E) `1 x& p. J
Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ D" e) j* U8 b5 H- H& d$ a4 H; `
105. Establishment strike
* A2 U8 m( R; m 106. Industry strike9 W- ^9 Q3 E+ z. ?) ] H" v' N# x
107. Sympathetic strike6 G$ ~5 g! ]! |8 i$ x7 t) ~% v
, }% \$ z- D9 }5 x9 P
Restricted Strikes4 I5 }- Q7 M, W
108. Detailed strike7 A7 R! r, H. ]- P* @- J9 Q
109. Bumper strike g% P" W7 u2 L( c# ^
110. Slowdown strike8 d( F0 g3 ]! C U1 X
111. Working-to-rule strike- n3 V* D. R& _6 }
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, H$ } `( S& N9 f 113. Strike by resignation
6 I1 t( y5 M3 ]0 H: `- `; I" z 114. Limited strike i% Y1 z$ K& Q) H% P1 p* r
115. Selective strike
5 T( T& B* ~- [) e: c3 I: W
) A! ^$ U% _# k9 z) k |# }, _Multi-Industry Strikes
; `* I! W* q/ l# g9 a2 S; Y
# D# n* X8 a+ I; t" Y; S6 \0 j) `; H 116. Generalized strike
3 b- p- ^/ N3 i) G9 s8 T7 p2 f* _) h6 ~, s
117. General strike1 B- c; Q s) m3 r. I, C
3 P; w, F6 h+ n7 G# v9 O
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 e+ o4 U! W2 h# h0 W0 O/ ?. |7 F* a
3 C- J, G1 T6 }7 K 118. Hartal% S2 {# c' z3 ~0 V$ g2 C+ ~; q
/ _9 B! N2 ^2 `1 ^' d) y$ v 119. Economic shutdown
% I* C) v1 |& y( r; W! y/ l5 b. J) [, v( m
* K( K; N9 } `- E* P w. U# Q3 |8 a# g/ H4 T
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( e0 h4 @( t T7 j' Q5 w; m) M
0 [, y8 ]( `% V* I1 I# V
2 h6 Q+ r* ?6 |! x& {: L7 b: M
Rejection of Authority7 K% ?# V! _9 M% C! z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance! [+ U3 ]2 E' i. a/ \( R+ H6 ]
121. Refusal of public support
; C4 z6 F: [7 I3 { 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ M/ b, X* H) c; s, f) ~
5 ~/ A9 {1 u: y# w$ h# ]* o% N1 HCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government( g" ~. R% Z6 v2 H
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" l7 [/ V; ?" R# _' d 124. Boycott of elections
7 S) @4 I, W% v# ]! W8 F 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ B$ C+ C! N. X ^! @* U! Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies R, y8 K1 h, S8 j: z! R3 p
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& H c, {: w7 R& V; U4 m: p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 q6 J- y# _( h% h6 y. {5 o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
w- a0 ]& ~) f; T; q1 D( l* K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- j1 Q' u, T5 z. d2 S 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- e2 `9 R7 ?2 X1 `2 E) L8 f* H
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% Q5 q* I. ?/ ?4 T7 X0 a$ T. Q8 ~
+ F' C4 Z1 l" r2 o( ~) W4 r1 I6 B! i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ Q7 ?7 N/ P; b/ F" Z% h
133. Reluctant and slow compliance& Z. W" X6 m+ _( c
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- ^% {! Y- h$ s# a 135. Popular nonobedience
4 Q0 Y! P7 b2 n6 _. U0 Q 136. Disguised disobedience5 ?+ A7 W% H" c, m3 k9 n+ j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
1 g. r, G" E; x1 @+ k! l p 138. Sitdown7 k4 i* ~8 j0 \
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 I7 C3 ^+ W# Y- O$ m& F2 \
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ Q `; ? q4 Q H 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 Q; w( M1 _+ A' I6 B
% [' q; A0 t* n8 G7 _
Action by Government Personnel
( h/ D q9 y0 D# ]5 b; b 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" T% K$ d; \, f 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' M/ X6 n/ t% ~! a 144. Stalling and obstruction
, Z4 C; T5 {# v 145. General administrative noncooperation. q4 T3 t! Q+ V% V/ @
' p$ }2 f0 l& E* N* W8 ?# A. n) S 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ Y4 s3 w# |8 ^( ^ P9 c; E 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# X1 t* s' L9 A" _" `3 t# ^, `/ | 148. Mutiny9 P9 G& b; w. J2 J- x- \0 O
Domestic Governmental Action% ]' i% f t0 M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) W: A" F! l+ x4 P$ ]8 Y6 p
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* c$ H5 q' k3 s1 S1 B' N; I& ^
/ \4 W0 ^/ W8 J
International Governmental Action# U8 W" s1 e Q4 _- R
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* E9 |+ X( i" y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 ^& X- R k2 R6 E+ V. }) R! q- t 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 q4 L) a3 N8 |4 p 154. Severance of diplomatic relations% U$ z/ y, Y! ~ }7 n& C# V
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% F1 d+ Y( e& n1 z) a 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 _: X K0 e" R- h
157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 C& V5 h( Y" o9 x% z9 H& b/ O' z. K4 i5 i
/ ~4 G# N. A0 n6 e$ X& A' a1 d: Q2 w4 z! G; F3 P
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 i# X2 A) f5 z: F, A' Z
1 k, I5 x; H) x* u% u, q
1 k/ O0 m$ e8 M, [, xPsychological Intervention
% _* ~1 C6 k) e2 m" D) L! _2 t 158. Self-exposure to the elements5 h2 N( Y" D/ H% l
159. The fast: E& p) y. {% }
a) Fast of moral pressure6 K, X; L/ ?! B7 J* \/ n1 ^
b) Hunger strike
( H) o# A0 f$ t8 i5 r# R7 S0 t2 b c) Satyagrahic fast2 b. ^3 s6 h# S0 r, V4 v" z
160. Reverse trial
+ Q7 |' |+ {$ O7 N. v( f3 [3 I m3 i$ S 161. Nonviolent harassment
3 i7 j' K( @. M+ Y% i! k' {7 b* _# X9 L6 M, ]- j) X* O
Physical Intervention4 _* }8 M: A3 J3 {% I& \! B0 e& F
162. Sit-in
5 ^/ d4 @0 R; k; b/ l8 B 163. Stand-in2 |, N/ t' Z0 y, B( l
164. Ride-in* V9 o, r1 |- D+ J7 t% |* R1 c
165. Wade-in
9 A$ Q* C, C' V9 v. \( g) e 166. Mill-in
) {: g5 ^9 t- A% S$ W3 A" Y2 b 167. Pray-in
. n+ D8 h5 {3 j: b6 R 168. Nonviolent raids
i8 d7 K7 k+ d0 W+ x 169. Nonviolent air raids' E* G; {8 S4 e- q1 o+ ]
170. Nonviolent invasion
% A O/ w) Y9 Y t% X" e* J ]8 U5 R" Z 171. Nonviolent interjection) k) L! I, V1 x8 ]8 N8 X5 l1 \
172. Nonviolent obstruction
# R% c" {& {* m 173. Nonviolent occupation
6 W/ g1 C) W" |0 C( Q4 f* [- f7 E/ t. P
Social Intervention
8 A8 r* v/ O: ]1 N 174. Establishing new social patterns, ]! f9 @% A/ F9 B% \
175. Overloading of facilities
7 F2 n g& e/ G 176. Stall-in
" x( O" u! ~1 U9 \ 177. Speak-in
/ x1 M* N; i b: x# H; C: m 178. Guerrilla theater9 M! H. b7 i7 S/ d4 w7 Z3 H8 g
179. Alternative social institutions; X1 [1 F+ c% C( C1 V6 r
180. Alternative communication system
* f8 Q4 X) A2 D
+ h/ T( r7 J9 g7 O5 ~0 W9 XEconomic Intervention
5 I4 Y8 a0 C# ?8 p; C2 O 181. Reverse strike0 [8 E- L9 ^) V4 d9 W; {
182. Stay-in strike9 Z" `. q# G/ S$ j5 @; }
183. Nonviolent land seizure( B2 H/ Z2 f6 J ~; C
184. Defiance of blockades
7 h* x1 u8 H2 e- L/ x7 D. Q 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& `8 F- |0 g _9 J! d* p5 ~! e 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 d7 ?* {" c7 v$ s; P1 U4 c6 q2 b& |1 A( c 187. Seizure of assets0 \. W- a7 J/ m1 U! U! L! B) ]
188. Dumping
5 ^' ^ U* q. y+ \. _ 189. Selective patronage: V9 G% V# ^- S# Z
190. Alternative markets
7 M. |0 p- c2 K5 q 191. Alternative transportation systems
' p! t& I* ^$ E% N4 i$ U" ~1 Z 192. Alternative economic institutions
6 y8 H! }' T1 V" G+ L
9 }3 C" F, g) S' l0 l$ @7 wPolitical Intervention: F/ v5 c: S. d- M
193. Overloading of administrative systems# @ F* s4 @) s# ?+ A+ h" J3 v7 u
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# M$ D3 `8 O1 W/ t7 S! l
195. Seeking imprisonment+ l% _. N7 b0 z6 F6 i" V0 M t; P
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 y/ D* \/ ~9 f% D
197. Work-on without collaboration
4 b, ^$ L, j) l9 J U 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
- c) ?4 h( ]: |6 o/ Q6 n
, i% ~: ]& u& B# M |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
