 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! `0 B% T4 r. p3 P. U7 Y2 u; y" _Formal Statements
% e `) B N, }! C/ ^$ T# v 1. Public Speeches
) X4 {9 R+ h8 G1 u 2. Letters of opposition or support
$ o$ C3 @8 _: w, a 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 g& F+ |3 C+ Y/ w 4. Signed public statements S% ?8 v0 l9 P& h6 J5 f' i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 k5 U+ U! q, L' m9 k* W$ ^1 F 6. Group or mass petitions
$ ]0 T& T% W5 ^0 x2 j U% l( C: p9 v; D$ L2 o7 k8 Q9 ~
Communications with a Wider Audience
* ?7 H; M) G3 C. y! @# O 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- r) f5 q" y0 [/ V 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, }3 c0 Z) a# a1 K
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 {7 U& J8 [) f$ L; d7 L( a 10. Newspapers and journals
' h" ^6 v% Z; Q" i8 ~% Y+ \; D4 s( }0 o 11. Records, radio, and television
4 _ [* Z( H, h6 v" I2 \ l1 z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- i3 a) D% s0 ?& z \: e8 s3 F6 _; l# K2 t# j' L
Group Representations
* n8 p2 Z2 {! e, d3 E 13. Deputations
9 G5 w5 A. G4 y8 n$ M$ ]7 K5 m 14. Mock awards
/ ^3 S; v- T) b9 W3 [% T5 P5 y% O% ` 15. Group lobbying
' H8 k$ n. P5 a 16. Picketing0 y% D( z+ ]1 G2 G
17. Mock elections
) z% C/ R7 o5 T' M2 v& _' @3 R
6 L* T ?' E! ?3 v$ U1 u& nSymbolic Public Acts
9 Y/ c6 n" ]. e 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, k6 @5 ]8 W( S* a; t& p
19. Wearing of symbols
6 ^4 ^7 n6 M4 S0 B2 _ 20. Prayer and worship
- i& r0 e9 Q# {( v1 @# | 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: ]6 T+ T& v1 e# P3 j 22. Protest disrobings
3 h# D& c8 C' G% @5 H 23. Destruction of own property/ ~0 J/ ~" S; C m. A
24. Symbolic lights
% V0 q: Z" {. @" R/ L 25. Displays of portraits" V9 K2 p5 \! x" q" a4 k2 w
26. Paint as protest$ W' v/ b9 r% ? E+ d
27. New signs and names+ f6 X1 I" C7 o \& v
28. Symbolic sounds3 Z3 G7 W; B0 a( b8 g
29. Symbolic reclamations
% O! C0 W: Q3 Q* ^ 30. Rude gestures, ^1 ?4 g9 d" x+ T
+ q7 l. Z* {5 N
Pressures on Individuals3 X* s& z1 ?. {4 X8 [( b
31. “Haunting” officials
% W; \# S& c* k& d7 _9 c 32. Taunting officials2 v; X' x8 w9 O. Q7 T; K' C
33. Fraternization
9 Q2 E+ ?+ C( t( x8 m$ g& F8 i 34. Vigils
# b0 l$ b& ^4 h/ I1 C( e$ r
) v) [: s2 Z- ~. a A; rDrama and Music1 ?9 ^9 P3 x t- l y
35. Humorous skits and pranks: v2 X& X# Q0 r7 k
36. Performances of plays and music
4 p" O" k; ^, F1 ^3 G; s 37. Singing
V( b6 @% q8 O9 P1 A0 ]1 Q* p$ _* u X( s
Processions
9 A" E/ }* D; F3 G 38. Marches
( h8 ~! C. Z4 ]- j 39. Parades
8 l8 n, P5 f5 P* n9 ?8 c& e A 40. Religious processions
: ?4 m. i( j9 B+ N2 W, o+ u/ \ 41. Pilgrimages
" A- ?9 m* H% f3 P 42. Motorcades
& ]9 I! M( b1 E; n. M! e$ r& k; ]8 V9 H) w h
Honoring the Dead+ v8 ]. ]# `; ]4 h
43. Political mourning# O/ ?, I/ [6 {; t
44. Mock funerals
, E- q' t& O4 p l 45. Demonstrative funerals+ L/ C# v! r/ e1 B, M8 I$ g
46. Homage at burial places
% x& y9 [9 s! B, y$ v% l
/ z) ]4 k8 _7 V) NPublic Assemblies
! U- x7 T. s1 K* O, ?( c 47. Assemblies of protest or support. [! ^, T: `) k: ]$ O3 B
48. Protest meetings
7 Q3 T8 \* h, J, v3 I 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 C) U; [. ^7 N( E$ a( ^ G% f3 L 50. Teach-ins
5 X; \8 T6 {8 o0 n! V [' a* n$ d+ `, g$ |
Withdrawal and Renunciation; F9 \0 _# i, {: @+ |" c' j7 J
51. Walk-outs7 J: Z# l* @' n U; K
52. Silence/ i$ \7 r8 g* l5 R3 }& W; Z
53. Renouncing honors
8 A1 K" k! _. ^1 n( V) i. X& e/ V 54. Turning one’s back
7 O( |6 C P3 `! V) L: v
8 P9 X/ l) E7 e. _" O+ e1 N
+ M7 e/ j: c% u# T0 O- ^6 |3 F$ S+ [, U' g4 Z; |
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ J9 `1 B0 }9 Y$ }: ?' r# y X4 }- H
# l* \0 p" j, ~$ m) P a: G
$ s& n) S8 ]* g
. d2 f5 ?1 S- D1 d) u
Ostracism of Persons
/ O8 S/ E% j* K6 D2 g& y 55. Social boycott
- x1 @/ G0 e1 ?! h/ E( \ 56. Selective social boycott
. f% X# Z$ `! Q8 V; u, R; m 57. Lysistratic nonaction* y5 a- L0 G. q" @! e
58. Excommunication: L) o' R8 h! e$ l4 [& _7 y) e# P
59. Interdict
/ I0 {, S. E/ D y
$ a* n$ T) g6 P* P zNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% I# [' U J2 e) t8 G) ~
60. Suspension of social and sports activities3 C+ B& A! Z! _9 c% o. D" o
61. Boycott of social affairs
0 u- E5 R2 V' W 62. Student strike4 S- G. m, ]+ _2 T" |4 Z. U' e
63. Social disobedience; k8 d: `: [/ m
64. Withdrawal from social institutions" e2 a5 m1 O0 B$ Y3 X
9 ^0 U$ M9 C3 |8 d
Withdrawal from the Social System
: M; o$ i$ K6 @! d0 b6 b 65. Stay-at-home. g- f& E, I) k# h% u/ ]. H
66. Total personal noncooperation. w; K. b3 A3 Q4 ?' `) A
67. “Flight” of workers# t5 `+ w. U+ `* D
68. Sanctuary f5 b2 N( I8 W' f2 B$ K
69. Collective disappearance9 B" i4 E6 H, w% P
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& Z0 g! u4 Y' c6 l0 y4 u y5 v _$ G( j' }/ x/ [3 T! M
% `/ d0 j% L+ b: I; [" S
7 {4 H8 O9 M8 O. T& iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. i6 T) |4 k2 M3 b+ @$ x) A2 D
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3 b$ w q6 R, `: pActions by Consumers
8 [6 E9 I3 M) m, ] M. N+ ? 71. Consumers’ boycott5 i( Z9 d# a2 ^0 B, m+ o% s5 O
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) F( J6 N( f4 ?4 }3 X
73. Policy of austerity
! e5 | v) b4 G# {! @ 74. Rent withholding B; M/ R7 \. Q$ `4 m6 _1 r( c
75. Refusal to rent3 c% u) F$ h. i7 m: j
76. National consumers’ boycott
! L( m0 t& O7 [4 [ 77. International consumers’ boycott
6 w& L3 M0 A7 q6 ^- ~9 t, c- v/ n A2 O# @ L; a( j
Action by Workers and Producers
- ^/ ~6 Y7 r* r0 f/ Z7 _9 g 78. Workmen’s boycott
$ J6 Z: y0 K+ O3 a 79. Producers’ boycott
1 O% ^2 k/ b) K2 F1 U3 f0 q$ z3 H! Y/ T! m$ |. \+ `- y
Action by Middlemen# Y7 U5 S/ ?# F* }
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% b7 {. _+ Q; M U3 R4 y+ i; x, T- Z
' e' |( t( B3 ^: k3 j9 UAction by Owners and Management
! n- `& ~$ g5 Y 81. Traders’ boycott
% i. ~ L2 q3 p6 g 82. Refusal to let or sell property( F" i# G D# K( l
83. Lockout
+ j. Z9 y+ n( Q9 x/ w1 ~ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. O3 y& X1 \; E4 F( ~ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! \: @- I" v( _2 A/ _7 T) Q7 C" b. q6 n/ w; p- @- C% r7 C) E/ t
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' w$ O$ L) x7 i8 z& _! P# N4 p- a 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' Q0 K$ {5 A" n9 }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. v+ W4 @. D4 n) q* c; w
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! o* K( f5 o' p6 X: M2 H4 w1 f, `
89. Severance of funds and credit) _/ k6 ?; g0 y6 k
90. Revenue refusal4 s1 b8 n) b3 c! X6 G
91. Refusal of a government’s money, E; t. F" w" j7 ~- Q; \
- g4 \# @+ V: d! s# W' YAction by Governments! R( D9 E C. e( \* E
92. Domestic embargo
) c9 e' P2 V: P* \4 ?4 ]1 j$ a( L 93. Blacklisting of traders
9 k7 x7 r) e$ s" A; d& B; J! K" C" h 94. International sellers’ embargo; }' k! L& [8 O' ~
95. International buyers’ embargo" O( ?# l6 e4 j4 K* K" v
96. International trade embargo) Z& O; s5 U, }# P
4 ~! z3 ]/ ]4 Y4 o E! J: [
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7 f2 W9 A" _* R6 f5 D8 ^! e
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 e1 `$ G4 w/ L: _+ e
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8 E$ q3 S# Q$ A: `* u% XSymbolic Strikes
" {. B2 u% W/ P+ h 97. Protest strike& N' G& s4 j3 L+ a( Y$ ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 s! j f9 u. ^; G9 {: @" O
/ Z# t% N; ^# d5 XAgricultural Strikes. u- I2 ]$ k, S6 f9 }5 x
99. Peasant strike
0 U* _( A" r1 [/ V; g+ s0 i% _ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
, R9 @3 [; d3 d+ d2 }- R0 k
2 U" e: C6 ]' W' a) s; Z" wStrikes by Special Groups# E a% L7 F7 G" r8 M, c
101. Refusal of impressed labor
S1 d; I d- e9 m 102. Prisoners’ strike' B; E* t) N7 L7 T5 g# ?
103. Craft strike
* T E4 n4 y, {7 P 104. Professional strike. c8 {, X' M% t' B5 ^
5 K$ ~0 B( G+ I8 B! G5 j$ ~Ordinary Industrial Strikes( g* K# B" V* c: e* y2 z# L8 l3 T
105. Establishment strike4 g/ W6 B. ]' y; j0 Z7 B( a
106. Industry strike$ b8 s2 _ u# o$ n
107. Sympathetic strike
' z- @" W. E H4 N0 @2 F2 v1 m
$ {% L M; L: V0 h; `; wRestricted Strikes
, s: K/ D9 `$ q7 R2 Z/ T 108. Detailed strike0 `4 x1 f Y& I: ?8 V, C" g K9 Y
109. Bumper strike
, s3 W! q/ l% A& a* R/ \9 i1 ? 110. Slowdown strike
) \% L7 \" V3 l 111. Working-to-rule strike
( `3 \% c; k4 K& @ \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& X' c+ r7 v4 S* W 113. Strike by resignation
' }4 {: o ?* M# l& \- {+ ^- S 114. Limited strike
% J6 B8 [' h0 ]' ~4 f! o$ N+ u 115. Selective strike. k& S/ s8 t" S
& \; P$ u2 _8 [' w' p- f/ Q" zMulti-Industry Strikes
4 p6 b; R) C( Z% f4 j
! w+ Y5 n: _6 `: t* u( v 116. Generalized strike- r/ B; B5 t! u2 V4 B$ p+ w* T
. O9 @; Y/ ?8 ?5 |
117. General strike
& h. n4 N4 J1 d% m' ?2 |. l* L% \ b* ]& D" D4 \- z; E" j
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; K( q" {- V& r
! N! Q$ v! ~+ {% s% c6 ~. w 118. Hartal
* J8 ~% ^% L- W9 O7 {. i7 t: L
3 [; W& l& U7 e. X$ `/ a- Q 119. Economic shutdown
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* J* l1 Y" U/ u, n3 oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
4 }/ I% o$ h/ X& t2 v9 j1 }% X
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Rejection of Authority
3 _; V7 h( d# P" |$ i) f8 I1 q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 B: t* s$ Y, h8 K 121. Refusal of public support0 y# d& f# f/ `
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( j* Z E( |' |( m& y0 h* Y F- z M/ K- `4 ]+ N: c
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 b9 w3 |7 p6 L: G$ U6 h5 `3 m 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) O+ _% f- k: G% N8 q o% T9 g. T 124. Boycott of elections
% o# N H9 J: j) U \ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ @0 \+ v8 ], [& l2 t" O
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ N- a' B4 l% }) ]: D: b/ Y* v$ c
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ g* q4 c" L; [7 X
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 i/ w3 M: r- A 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ M; o& ]8 P- A9 [; Z" v; B 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks1 Z0 x3 j( m; s7 o5 k7 S
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 B3 z) \7 b% }$ S) J! M
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! X. P8 u& V' D+ T
+ R/ d0 r9 ?' m; x
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! h3 l i/ g+ k6 M0 @2 R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ D- k; m5 n' e8 f 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' L! X6 v3 E5 Y% ~5 a+ s. ~0 o 135. Popular nonobedience
4 k/ V( L! T8 ?8 v( N8 Q7 E" ^' S/ s 136. Disguised disobedience
7 i6 @& _' _9 I" _1 i 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 w+ f) E9 a. Y, V8 }2 u: I; p 138. Sitdown; ?1 r- c3 w4 R) k! Y0 L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" S+ O3 t. F3 g. X0 I7 D/ L5 S
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) \1 W8 W$ p6 q1 S) K8 X3 Z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 d! s" K" l' Y: n. s
- X/ o; { n2 Q* UAction by Government Personnel
9 }6 b% n% i; J; J2 f 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 }; t1 B5 h3 }# V; R* ?
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ G+ X9 q% S0 \5 a @ 144. Stalling and obstruction
& R+ d1 \& R" i% o3 w) e 145. General administrative noncooperation& w2 R5 v; [. `" P* l3 p
/ i. [3 W4 W8 S9 G; ~ 146. Judicial noncooperation* ^, b0 ^& }0 e' r1 M3 K
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. i6 y5 }& _: m+ Y0 M/ r1 {& C3 Z7 J 148. Mutiny
: _8 Z9 | D/ l' m; n6 k5 w* C1 ?Domestic Governmental Action
# e" ~. A# z' P& d 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' u% V: g$ P1 X
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action
3 r3 t0 K9 l# `7 H 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& h f* s3 j" K% F; ?/ M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. X3 M8 g" n7 _% y& p! C1 { 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 U' Y+ W4 B1 m8 g5 H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations- G: k9 p% ?/ C; l! R. S) z/ y2 p' j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ `( d# D% }8 R8 [+ ~+ _ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 M2 G- s/ m7 k+ P
157. Expulsion from international organizations1 K, x( `! h* t: c- Z$ r# m+ {
3 o( w& g/ R0 L1 U1 q( V: \0 g 7 w, w% Y) _) [) v b5 e: ?
1 X; N% ^. a( q5 E* t' Q, w: g
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; ]5 j- ^" i6 r* p
3 V& L% D% A8 r* p; E. u
( ]/ ]. c# x8 F5 H; N: I* [8 HPsychological Intervention8 [! P3 V/ W) h. y: R# w
158. Self-exposure to the elements
% |9 _- C4 [+ O9 D 159. The fast9 Z* d$ w7 z' u0 I+ b
a) Fast of moral pressure
, s; x1 F( {/ l/ t$ P7 ?, U b) Hunger strike
, G5 M4 B0 Y/ g+ ]% F8 C c) Satyagrahic fast
8 g) E0 w/ w1 @& ^' Z( K 160. Reverse trial
: f" O/ F" f2 E( |8 x 161. Nonviolent harassment6 `+ s9 X! A" Q( @* v% Q
$ n1 y. ~7 y! v6 H0 N4 e8 j; Y) cPhysical Intervention# B( q3 D1 f8 a+ ~" M. w& l
162. Sit-in( _/ T" M: y% a8 j
163. Stand-in7 W7 k+ P! V: V3 j) ^5 U$ e
164. Ride-in8 U3 k% X! u) N" o# ~
165. Wade-in
2 d% l3 _! S8 h4 { 166. Mill-in
# B8 ^ o9 o j2 I4 y3 [# x' |% l 167. Pray-in
3 G# p! o' D0 G5 e+ ^6 S7 ]/ C' Z 168. Nonviolent raids; z7 z' b' T" }
169. Nonviolent air raids
& |; T0 _) k) L/ A# a& @7 G1 E 170. Nonviolent invasion1 k% S" ?. ~5 q j$ N- {
171. Nonviolent interjection: K o1 o2 a+ Z7 z4 x
172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ f; |! u- j% M9 n) j# z& R 173. Nonviolent occupation
. ^: U" h) n% \+ H
# J( j. A$ Q6 jSocial Intervention
1 o; d# J; a& G. N0 W0 Z- \ 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ r5 c8 `) c$ V+ N 175. Overloading of facilities. h* u4 N9 f0 U) ]! F" V0 }+ i1 d# d/ w
176. Stall-in
6 }5 J# R6 Y* \( Q- Y) K 177. Speak-in
; r) g# N; v7 C0 k0 ? 178. Guerrilla theater
& m4 _4 M8 B- J' k1 p 179. Alternative social institutions: C% X' X7 z9 A7 X4 G
180. Alternative communication system+ M c# ?, g- Y" S2 }% t
6 I6 `1 M3 A2 N1 W
Economic Intervention# r; Q3 H- v+ d
181. Reverse strike
: k% q( v1 z" J- H) s 182. Stay-in strike
8 Q' g& R$ O9 J, n: k" ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ v6 j+ M8 C2 i9 a" M 184. Defiance of blockades
/ |- d/ n g4 j/ `- E: U7 s 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! E& a) [( r; }) u6 O5 F
186. Preclusive purchasing
& m$ W* S* }3 o4 q8 U; x1 {0 p8 q$ n, T 187. Seizure of assets
$ f9 p- Z3 U6 l( N 188. Dumping
4 Z. W# N' P( }9 r$ t 189. Selective patronage
& n5 t1 E9 |6 p' I 190. Alternative markets8 B R1 F& b+ e$ Q) t- `7 ?% C
191. Alternative transportation systems0 T/ i# _. L' B _1 e
192. Alternative economic institutions+ M, E y+ b( w2 H+ R8 H* Z, `
6 d1 N& }: O' R' |0 kPolitical Intervention. m5 u v& Z( N
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 Q T2 ~$ R& m/ w6 o
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( V, A4 l2 X6 I 195. Seeking imprisonment
, [) A, y y( \! ~ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! I3 n6 B: D/ Z% b3 ?7 S& @ 197. Work-on without collaboration1 q" s" j2 H& G( ^
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
