 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" y, B s1 ]; K3 P
Formal Statements) ]/ o* B" m" y& [2 T
1. Public Speeches H. S# q# l4 z$ W
2. Letters of opposition or support/ O* `# \- t+ B
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions o+ `" O1 V/ z7 L2 {. O
4. Signed public statements
5 ^+ B4 W- `/ u \- a 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 \- E. e& i' ~; r( y* E, L: o 6. Group or mass petitions: Q& y- M% t& @6 H. r
" U9 p. w& c9 I8 L
Communications with a Wider Audience
& z" o a S: r% g" f) P 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, s, f. |# w( x) D' S# Z2 H3 f8 @4 D 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, C2 }% s# d3 O* v2 [
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 j. L0 b. U) j- P$ v) t' m8 q
10. Newspapers and journals# H$ f8 I* X/ @+ ]5 x
11. Records, radio, and television
* i7 U0 T* D% Q& F8 M9 j 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. @6 A/ N1 b( q2 s7 _8 H
# ^/ F2 r/ b$ C0 l! s0 g# n
Group Representations
2 w H$ R E: k1 X 13. Deputations7 S% c1 a ^6 K) J
14. Mock awards
* }7 G/ Q/ a" b. w 15. Group lobbying
* y7 z9 W' k4 G( B1 B1 `+ _3 X) } 16. Picketing2 p S4 f9 v' l7 Z: b8 G7 _2 O
17. Mock elections: s o- E+ [' A9 a& i1 }) X
: r0 d0 ~. C( S# @7 q
Symbolic Public Acts
0 y+ X8 K, Y0 l; ~ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ f" _# p, x5 a! |1 w! Q. A1 E3 M 19. Wearing of symbols% {7 t* r) Y+ z
20. Prayer and worship
" A( f. }* {* e+ x& ] 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 V; S+ }2 T* H0 v- w; d. ] 22. Protest disrobings% g6 A# ~7 ^* s- y& m3 D) s4 p! ]
23. Destruction of own property
6 o n2 I, s& U0 O$ P 24. Symbolic lights
& l9 e8 x# E$ p/ m2 F 25. Displays of portraits' L( e3 |* b+ o b/ A3 V b
26. Paint as protest2 J( N% P* v* \$ U1 j3 f
27. New signs and names9 l4 }2 e' R+ d$ E' F, Y* r* t
28. Symbolic sounds& |9 a; y. r7 z: {2 {$ R* g
29. Symbolic reclamations
% ^+ a3 ?9 D+ T- C- t. v; q8 x- ^ 30. Rude gestures
: e5 ]' U6 ^4 V# }8 |, e8 w5 o) C
8 e1 j% i$ H/ \Pressures on Individuals! P2 s# S6 B5 I% }
31. “Haunting” officials0 i7 j1 D/ A: _# q: W3 D7 f
32. Taunting officials
9 J) {1 \, M' p 33. Fraternization
: _6 _& |. e s. P! d9 ^8 X @ 34. Vigils
- N8 z% o: t4 q2 N1 ^- q9 S# v( f1 _- H/ W# z9 [
Drama and Music
& [0 j1 X1 M* K8 u( p% g 35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 i; l: r) I# [' f5 n8 N1 X 36. Performances of plays and music: S" ^; z9 @ ?3 x6 {! e
37. Singing! J; x) J7 \5 e a2 t
1 c6 c1 U' d2 z9 S% |3 S8 r5 ` m* HProcessions1 T+ A2 {- s) c- p9 } t& }% g' R
38. Marches
* a; W( U2 |' p! d0 X0 W2 j* R4 S; v7 i 39. Parades3 Z! X, y9 N4 ~4 x# t
40. Religious processions
/ c5 B& F5 U& R: }( [ 41. Pilgrimages
4 |4 ~+ Y6 |' k C 42. Motorcades4 d; G" C! C$ o" c0 T. }
0 p# ~( a' Q/ @; N R
Honoring the Dead# P; j$ V6 ~( H4 w7 h9 z
43. Political mourning
) {; v) ]: d$ c, p 44. Mock funerals
$ q* h1 [, ]3 Y6 f7 \; |7 C% [' \% ` 45. Demonstrative funerals
O- u4 m, \8 S, V p' E% I 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies: _# n9 G4 H3 G
47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 ]# E1 T& T) B5 k1 O8 Z7 N' L 48. Protest meetings# M" n X7 m, B8 V& I2 f2 g; N
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; K% b9 x+ Z: p* k/ T, B 50. Teach-ins8 R3 Q' Y2 ]7 Q; T2 e# `
/ E K/ K: J9 q/ R
Withdrawal and Renunciation; m2 @" f' ^6 d
51. Walk-outs% q! H% ?8 x! K3 F+ C4 E
52. Silence
' p' p% `/ I6 y6 G4 m- e 53. Renouncing honors& Y8 h" k/ I7 i8 j2 g" m" w
54. Turning one’s back! B* L& i$ K+ v: A4 j$ S
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}8 ~" P8 u9 ~' @2 W3 y8 Z
; H5 b; T" r* G/ N% g0 zTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
; z. X4 `7 _9 x$ L. E! Y, [9 P6 e8 f+ c( z2 D
* ]7 E: n5 b/ b
+ i0 D. M, p8 q1 gOstracism of Persons1 j% [) R0 D9 c0 ~
55. Social boycott
+ w% M/ x/ M w7 g2 V' _( Q+ Y9 a) o 56. Selective social boycott
9 J6 W6 k4 {* A @ 57. Lysistratic nonaction/ b% y# h+ L* Z* a4 [- u3 Y
58. Excommunication
2 F5 P) ?/ V1 j8 H' L 59. Interdict; J; Z: [' ], I9 ~* t
" f: [& o$ ~1 `$ `5 g
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions E2 R( G9 _$ G% Y/ f* R; v
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 v) G8 F/ A) O7 ^+ c* i* o 61. Boycott of social affairs4 s9 {, p. c% C3 k6 g/ d" L
62. Student strike
! u. f0 { W/ f+ I. C; g+ P 63. Social disobedience0 [0 v" ], z6 ^
64. Withdrawal from social institutions# d7 Q5 ?) c& R& g+ n! {8 O
6 k, h( l( f! }Withdrawal from the Social System
0 o+ a9 X! C4 S* C* j* X( o' [0 W5 T 65. Stay-at-home2 z1 J* K6 U9 D$ ]
66. Total personal noncooperation+ b7 F) x- g* w1 w
67. “Flight” of workers- y e% x# F& A. O* y
68. Sanctuary- B6 U5 g: t; c
69. Collective disappearance/ I; W7 h5 Y3 l" s! x7 {+ k, t* l
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 H# I4 H: _& x& M* ?2 c- J
4 w- u7 F+ P! ?# N8 b6 s. U. Q
" @" M7 x- d6 K K( f
, Z) U, g, g! Q% B% Z) p) l7 ]9 KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 f: e4 S6 @. X- Y
* Q4 r; a9 T% U% R, _ / K9 n8 ^1 Y8 |+ _) a9 U+ U
Actions by Consumers% }' A- N$ q3 W
71. Consumers’ boycott& d g% r% j4 X0 G6 u/ h
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" m# K" L! l/ Y 73. Policy of austerity% j; I1 Z, n; o2 s
74. Rent withholding) V0 T. ?9 r" X) P8 ~/ _# a
75. Refusal to rent0 \# J+ G3 {3 i: Z) ?3 a4 o9 A
76. National consumers’ boycott7 @2 [' j6 K: ?* T$ |) I2 U: Y3 ~
77. International consumers’ boycott
8 V7 ~' A7 L+ j O% \
) S) ^7 @& D7 vAction by Workers and Producers
3 w- h, J% B k3 N3 o 78. Workmen’s boycott; r" D2 G. z, p% f$ s- \
79. Producers’ boycott
' l- j4 x Z, g& f
9 g% s- c# K4 s# K0 x3 e. b/ wAction by Middlemen
% `2 U. R1 k; c J+ v' p7 X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 N$ c% f1 R {6 P+ d9 \3 \9 ?/ ~
" |1 P6 j. \: {7 {6 i! s. UAction by Owners and Management
( l3 _$ i( ]6 c. y- Q 81. Traders’ boycott
' y, D B1 d* M% [- I9 u& E/ a' V 82. Refusal to let or sell property
, H) s. r7 H$ O; f 83. Lockout; A8 l* x( M6 @- @
84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 X! s! O' o6 Z" ]1 m- |( V
85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 W" a+ ^: }* z& c$ K' E
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
, k# R# Y/ ]" D 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
C. ^' t: T8 h3 Z4 F" H 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) S- X3 R8 _0 I% B1 `
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* t0 [: K2 i1 M7 Y4 C, t
89. Severance of funds and credit
& H/ M$ l! i z- o% u 90. Revenue refusal
; V9 E8 C0 s5 @6 h9 a0 l* A( | 91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 ~. ^6 f3 ~1 t3 k& e$ W/ F- Q4 r4 P. v# p7 L8 R9 g5 h
Action by Governments
1 T0 h0 h" e% ?6 d. ?5 w" p 92. Domestic embargo( u1 m( r* G$ B
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 A" R7 b" a2 w! E* ], G; q 94. International sellers’ embargo5 P- {7 l7 \8 P
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ ~8 d) U) w1 }4 M* w 96. International trade embargo$ n7 u# z8 V5 @# {4 x8 [) s
5 n) v$ \0 g5 I0 N$ w$ l1 j6 e: r* \' U
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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9 `. ]% \# i: `7 n' j5 p% d
Symbolic Strikes# J9 J0 j; K% j+ W
97. Protest strike' c" P; u' R$ `' R" A8 N
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) ~+ H+ }7 U1 L5 c _
( `9 @4 k$ E l3 x3 \Agricultural Strikes
8 b& n( c( N& }- U$ o 99. Peasant strike
5 z/ `9 `; B$ Z2 V- B* N$ l 100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 s0 \ E, V6 s9 z
% ` \5 ~. t! O/ Q0 PStrikes by Special Groups
6 u0 t# h+ r q! C 101. Refusal of impressed labor
, N# E/ O% k% G& ^ 102. Prisoners’ strike/ M' X, ~! u$ s6 m# Q+ l
103. Craft strike2 P; |8 ^3 W4 J3 u) x& R0 Q( V o8 y
104. Professional strike0 w2 K9 ? \0 N+ E) ]- K- I
& v" Y3 }! K: [5 cOrdinary Industrial Strikes1 H6 g0 W+ R* M l9 O' V% w# [
105. Establishment strike" l% ~) o8 y0 M& q4 \ T
106. Industry strike' f# ~8 T0 I0 Z$ W+ k, d
107. Sympathetic strike$ Y! ~- h' P3 }' _2 H1 y# t
2 g. k# l& J: }% h0 P$ a, q+ IRestricted Strikes
: j2 U, G$ _; a, t# M5 ~; l 108. Detailed strike7 l3 C! ^, R" [: J; H
109. Bumper strike
, |/ [2 h8 V" a) p9 q, N0 H 110. Slowdown strike
2 d4 X) E' ^. y7 j8 [) u2 h4 c7 U 111. Working-to-rule strike& p; D* E) \) W9 O" L3 P F7 _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" u* |, d* h$ a- H/ I5 R! t. O9 o 113. Strike by resignation2 ^0 s3 v+ N9 M6 i
114. Limited strike7 n) L! y' p- e' L# {2 ]( |0 E
115. Selective strike# f5 d! {! _+ i: ^& H! S! \
" O* q! m" b$ ?, E% f
Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
7 V k! j* m- Y( Z2 L/ i; r1 N* m- p6 U* E2 R$ p1 m; P4 {
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
0 c! B5 n' ~- F5 A& K
' F7 E" N. ]5 ]8 o) C% O' [ 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown( p+ B; q! E* Z# |% X/ d/ {
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2 ^1 f% h' `+ B9 V# d) j. J+ n+ | s( o$ Q7 ]: J% ~/ R
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
$ r- ^. \' t& O 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% ~ `" b$ Y/ ?6 }8 D% d 121. Refusal of public support# z6 M# [/ S# {3 P1 z/ k/ V
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 V7 d2 Z) D% U
. k" \ j0 m# k/ ~
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government g# v6 t' `- ~4 z) L! Q3 w! \4 O
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
- K, q. l& t( g4 g 124. Boycott of elections, w& k% L6 F# w) T$ Q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 \" S4 f2 l, O1 g2 n 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' d3 C3 N1 I4 a# @
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ [* w5 o* B% o 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& i5 c! N3 g9 p) V 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# t! P5 I1 i8 I# J+ A) G 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, l4 d9 V, G$ _# S2 l3 A0 G 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 b. p) `9 I. R8 ^: }+ V 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' {* Y5 R9 a* {4 v* R" P
! s/ R3 F; \ t6 S
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ D# S) ^" f, H
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 m7 a$ r9 c% T- h. u 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 w+ T! O/ w* Q, d3 w/ h! F
135. Popular nonobedience3 n- O/ G+ \; y) ]
136. Disguised disobedience _$ J* m8 q* e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' x9 a$ X+ T! O/ Y6 p: m- Q1 N
138. Sitdown# w/ u% n7 C! [9 l
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- r- Q; K. V0 p! Q 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( c* X" a2 J: \ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 E' J% W5 c" N" {' A" k8 Z6 o, ^* c/ }0 Q
Action by Government Personnel- x7 e2 |5 w: A% j2 H- V; _7 F7 ~
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! @* h1 v4 S9 Z7 _6 d 143. Blocking of lines of command and information" f; b& e4 {# H
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 \! g7 R( D9 G3 h5 _$ D: n# x 145. General administrative noncooperation
# K d+ p9 d6 e% K6 r; V$ m3 ?
* u4 I5 S/ Z; d 146. Judicial noncooperation
" ]' B8 L( Q& l2 e" T 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: f5 g; P( a+ p) S2 o' n
148. Mutiny
/ ]) \# l! s4 ^0 b) \Domestic Governmental Action
9 J% w2 _' v# W: u+ j) Z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& ^' i% _' M* v
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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$ g" }! R* a1 x6 g3 b8 f4 ]International Governmental Action0 O% D' y* e, I- Q3 Z7 W
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ ^5 @3 ]% j3 [( X/ A0 _- [
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events" |7 r/ y, x& z7 N3 v" t
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% h/ w! @% X: T9 o6 ?
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! j$ B; F* |8 c" k; y' m 155. Withdrawal from international organizations: g5 H- e* o* H' N
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 i/ U6 M8 g* X h 157. Expulsion from international organizations
4 m( h5 N4 K% @/ K u8 q, z$ r' _' [9 I+ g5 [
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3 ?3 v' T# P# ? o; O( @* F# ?THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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7 v$ g z* v1 v3 a( tPsychological Intervention0 B- Y8 v& l3 ?9 A: a& v, c
158. Self-exposure to the elements
, G5 @3 h- D9 V/ o& j' d) v) O 159. The fast Q* h* j8 W- p8 k4 m0 P L# \
a) Fast of moral pressure
; D- @0 h/ y! } A$ ~ b) Hunger strike1 U$ N2 `6 L0 j+ K1 b1 B% O; P
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ |/ ]9 w7 _3 l+ z. m2 _) A& w5 q 160. Reverse trial
9 _ B7 l4 _0 x% M- a3 U. a+ c W 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ G8 W% [5 p8 y" p5 u% C g {: I! @1 w' t7 w: o" [- Q9 z* |
Physical Intervention' t3 g7 e7 U, R0 k
162. Sit-in
- k' G; p. T. p 163. Stand-in
& u3 F( ?$ ?. @- U' M% X) p* F9 y8 x 164. Ride-in
4 U9 d2 r$ C7 r' ]3 R4 c/ A7 z 165. Wade-in
; B# C' U+ A/ V! E7 E! ^# ^ 166. Mill-in/ Y$ f3 i; H: L+ g( o
167. Pray-in
5 N. r8 D4 L: p3 j8 l4 G( N 168. Nonviolent raids1 n, ?2 K) Z- B( | O
169. Nonviolent air raids
/ A+ z5 ^- q+ [: F 170. Nonviolent invasion# v4 o! O! T+ Q$ j" E# n* A
171. Nonviolent interjection$ ^! U. _0 r# O% b) L: A$ n4 V
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, U: R/ m# B6 |. N0 \ 173. Nonviolent occupation. v: S% P6 c; p/ U- L+ R
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Social Intervention1 j( m0 v2 w3 E: {$ k' P3 [( e
174. Establishing new social patterns' N! g r" ~/ y: S* V
175. Overloading of facilities
5 `+ F2 o, _2 R- c 176. Stall-in
! \# p& Z2 Q* c" n3 h$ ?2 ` I) A 177. Speak-in; P' H, j* m% P
178. Guerrilla theater' Y8 U. p; l* {4 W7 e
179. Alternative social institutions3 ~% @& D6 Q0 b0 q9 `
180. Alternative communication system
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U. o4 Q4 t7 \5 ^! e7 B% gEconomic Intervention! ]9 U* t. `5 l) d) m3 C7 ]7 J2 t) x/ ?
181. Reverse strike H4 Y" l: f7 z; r6 [0 B# y
182. Stay-in strike0 J7 O5 |, K- ]6 p
183. Nonviolent land seizure o! o# W m* q
184. Defiance of blockades- D( n' |2 T( Y* `6 f' i m2 W- r3 y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! c6 |( e- d8 D/ a( T, v
186. Preclusive purchasing
+ |5 x! ?& a1 [9 o" `, k* D 187. Seizure of assets# Z+ i7 V: J) C O8 J) A
188. Dumping5 K8 ^& ~# s# P# R
189. Selective patronage
8 }% w' G. O' W- m8 S2 L% ] 190. Alternative markets& p* l0 |+ t' ] p8 n; s
191. Alternative transportation systems& P- [ _4 ]' t! ~! b2 J
192. Alternative economic institutions
2 D) x2 M% }. r& N, Y! a' Z
) G+ r5 U& u- d0 g$ E% KPolitical Intervention
! l& b9 q$ i5 n. T/ E% s- f 193. Overloading of administrative systems
. [; {% i- W6 Q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 f U* K- ~" h' U% f# E6 k
195. Seeking imprisonment
( b+ O3 p" O& ~, e6 m 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- @7 ^2 Z) f$ Q, R7 W
197. Work-on without collaboration
; _ l$ t: D4 L; K 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 t5 A6 P5 Q3 j
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
