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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. k. g" [8 M- V; w2 XFormal Statements
9 X6 A7 W& D w 1. Public Speeches+ |- J9 n, n2 L5 a, Q8 P6 w8 M5 S
2. Letters of opposition or support! }0 N, G# f; W) t! {5 V6 A4 b4 a
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# ?% F0 _! v- j1 o7 K
4. Signed public statements/ V# E7 x. |; W
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 D5 r! y% I6 [/ {. \4 G; p1 ^ 6. Group or mass petitions
( t. }5 ~# Z/ S5 o6 y& g
/ F* P0 d" {5 LCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 t+ X: E A! z$ l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ B& k1 N [ M6 W) P1 a+ N& O- x 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 ~9 e/ `$ q* b+ m9 Y( \ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; h, N$ l% g8 y6 U 10. Newspapers and journals
' u) }6 C. A" s/ w, E2 k( c 11. Records, radio, and television
/ B G) t, D/ [! v# w! ` 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 N3 v5 @* h d: c
V6 r9 M6 s9 R; v* A; w
Group Representations4 G% D( \$ s/ `
13. Deputations8 K+ S" D5 h0 u, O/ f/ H
14. Mock awards" o* U+ S' Z {! X0 ?% y
15. Group lobbying
' W1 ~, s3 G) ?0 q 16. Picketing
5 H3 H6 `$ e0 I: k# t 17. Mock elections) ]. R, _; v- M, V) `4 \
, T) C7 ?3 M& }6 J0 _/ r rSymbolic Public Acts Y) r! X' Z" W- p% W$ M
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* y- t, z2 @- e' B9 Y7 c 19. Wearing of symbols+ |$ \7 @ I+ n2 P8 }, L2 T
20. Prayer and worship
6 X: |& |% Q' z( A% L+ c 21. Delivering symbolic objects+ P7 O4 `5 u$ ^
22. Protest disrobings) s; j7 }7 Y4 B
23. Destruction of own property
% A' F8 n$ Y/ S 24. Symbolic lights
, W4 H& ^. T1 r' |& e 25. Displays of portraits
) Q; z' u/ Q7 X0 `' ?( Y 26. Paint as protest
; D8 x6 D' r* N/ U1 ^3 A- ~ 27. New signs and names$ m* n5 Q* `8 m' B' \- T! ?
28. Symbolic sounds" f8 D% x/ n/ C- q$ a7 a6 M
29. Symbolic reclamations7 A2 `* H V; O* T' h
30. Rude gestures* z) g$ ?- g1 z" \* o
, P+ E( }9 }( x- q2 @( rPressures on Individuals; C7 c5 Z# ]5 s9 P
31. “Haunting” officials
% f1 ?! d- E O5 d* [0 P 32. Taunting officials3 x' M n# g+ C& Z4 p
33. Fraternization" J2 d% |( ?- D& l- s- Y. P! b' X/ e
34. Vigils
1 N0 v; q- O3 h7 p1 H# ~/ _
; q* K' }+ V; ^( D! S- ^% z% LDrama and Music
6 k6 H4 h3 W1 s0 Z. [# Y 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* j* u( m9 D- Z$ `0 ^ 36. Performances of plays and music% _& A8 t) n% d* @( ]( o. R
37. Singing
5 M. i4 G, N9 Z- E, e: S+ P: ^# j7 k9 r
Processions/ t! k! e/ v3 A9 Y
38. Marches
( R- c& Z2 ^5 o- K9 ?+ Z6 x 39. Parades
' ~$ Y3 L1 S: L 40. Religious processions
: F7 d) Q5 }( ^ 41. Pilgrimages) z x0 ]8 A& u9 w! M# m& j
42. Motorcades
0 X4 N: r- h1 g* \+ C5 M# A$ e" L4 j% K5 `' p( [4 x
Honoring the Dead' c; F* ~; a0 z9 J) {
43. Political mourning
# @. @; e* a: _2 b. G- C 44. Mock funerals
! A2 Y* f# G3 M# j 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 Q7 Z) s6 L# R' Y# G 46. Homage at burial places7 I3 u0 {) J1 t* f' G; i$ A
) w) K- F9 `3 i# m2 ?
Public Assemblies' @0 b% A4 U2 s0 E
47. Assemblies of protest or support5 A8 k" C% }" W1 x
48. Protest meetings( Z9 V2 i" j+ c% y7 N+ U' B- A
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 F, j$ A0 r# ^; ~9 Z% b' }3 K) c 50. Teach-ins
1 C2 ^( I$ k3 K# Q. B* P9 F8 h& l( u( C: p
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! E5 f3 |+ t" j7 V+ {9 F1 I8 q" w 51. Walk-outs
y+ U4 Q& j. m. O 52. Silence# S: F7 c* |3 B k* }
53. Renouncing honors- i" o3 }4 c' X1 R' R/ D& Q
54. Turning one’s back# e$ |9 \7 k( j$ Y
$ G% R/ s% s2 c$ U
6 |; J' M! r5 M6 |! X# n
_. v) n R J. kTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# V/ Z: h5 ]' w) o9 R; t: S6 K
: S# z9 `( |$ b: }) a 6 Z: ^ U% e- _+ P
" K/ c, n* Y& {) [) vOstracism of Persons0 `; c& D# x2 Z2 z& P% S
55. Social boycott# j8 }* s1 [. o$ C
56. Selective social boycott
/ L9 T# T8 s% w6 w 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 @3 j) ~6 W( b: f4 [4 W' _
58. Excommunication
7 T% Z. S4 n" Y& a- N! ~0 |" k 59. Interdict
4 _7 M1 r& R7 I! [+ O4 w. T8 N- D1 l- L
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 L5 y& X4 a* r. x+ A 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
* W+ V. e+ a O3 K6 L 61. Boycott of social affairs
+ d9 ^' k( L$ V% n 62. Student strike
8 Y& y2 F( u) [6 |( R: x8 G( c. c 63. Social disobedience8 Q; a$ N) Z5 c+ U6 m; p: ? D
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- [- r8 d7 K; G: V/ }$ p+ O& `. T% T* l5 X; o# D
Withdrawal from the Social System2 G3 z5 [3 P; c% Z
65. Stay-at-home% M& y& f/ B$ N2 U$ S
66. Total personal noncooperation v2 y7 y! Q- i [ p5 u
67. “Flight” of workers/ c4 I' O9 v t5 g5 _* j- k2 K T
68. Sanctuary
$ ?4 m! z! d, m0 t2 v 69. Collective disappearance, P! o) X: _0 @5 A5 {* v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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, D K5 |; b, r8 d$ E" n" B& T7 T4 l4 }; F" a
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 k$ ]1 S" f5 a3 y8 S+ A2 H) q; x4 V( H2 q
6 C% K7 J& o# Z) M9 iActions by Consumers
5 A, k( M- M+ C7 ~$ I 71. Consumers’ boycott
" C% A0 F5 i! K5 @3 t5 m9 y ^ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 C, q5 N, D8 y/ A1 L' q3 f 73. Policy of austerity: }8 \6 F2 T4 c$ q
74. Rent withholding( S/ n6 T& M2 a' s, s
75. Refusal to rent$ m# q& q' S5 f( g9 v
76. National consumers’ boycott, O+ [6 b/ j) m- P$ d7 V9 X' K# {
77. International consumers’ boycott
" e- r+ t$ Z5 A7 \) K0 n6 v3 J9 K7 }/ B9 [
Action by Workers and Producers
/ {# }+ ^% B, z, n Z2 m 78. Workmen’s boycott$ }9 q4 s+ \' `- w2 ^* H6 U6 e
79. Producers’ boycott
0 P% I$ a+ W( p$ P; U& Z$ B. t6 q! w2 z3 O* d7 u. z
Action by Middlemen
( x# ^4 S7 S( O, z8 ^ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 Y6 l$ z) Q8 h9 w+ v1 e' }2 x8 _" ^! e4 H% }1 B
Action by Owners and Management
+ w" ~* r" m( m/ Z. H: m% K! A6 { 81. Traders’ boycott( \' b `/ d5 C
82. Refusal to let or sell property
* `* I2 L: M) [0 c/ A 83. Lockout
. K$ z; t T. S2 f, z) h 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. o( `; e8 [# q7 i 85. Merchants’ “general strike”: c+ Y6 f. z* Y
' W! f1 P3 F2 i5 AAction by Holders of Financial Resources
' s6 L: s( z4 k7 B 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 F5 M+ J- q6 ?5 V( a
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 {+ n/ f) R7 y' g- R+ V+ D 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* o3 W" ]1 y- @6 L, n% F
89. Severance of funds and credit1 P9 r8 q( T2 i
90. Revenue refusal
( k- a9 T! [ M9 ^: Y 91. Refusal of a government’s money; r" T# j3 f9 d' B8 ?4 s r& E- f+ M7 o
- p3 l5 V3 u2 w. A6 d
Action by Governments# S3 R5 B, [1 g
92. Domestic embargo
$ r0 G" e# l" S+ y2 C) A 93. Blacklisting of traders& `# x' E8 m1 m) K1 a: v' @
94. International sellers’ embargo
8 Y1 |. n9 \9 h! S: Y. I 95. International buyers’ embargo
! `9 t* |8 I6 U3 V6 K 96. International trade embargo
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7 e' D9 S. k1 M x! v- ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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) {4 y" g% \% u5 Y. ]- P i7 i$ T2 [Symbolic Strikes3 m8 {) p8 T8 C- {5 m) \7 V4 {' [
97. Protest strike
N! v" E0 u1 H7 E. O: ^ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* N) O! b( [2 M- m2 S. k
0 c# A0 Z' @3 @1 vAgricultural Strikes
6 O9 Q1 ^. A" H 99. Peasant strike: e7 `- P# O4 X( f3 [7 [
100. Farm Workers’ strike. ?+ {# z) d& G$ D% G6 O- l
$ B" M, Y; m# @6 g' I) FStrikes by Special Groups, w2 N X% Q3 B: x* c$ g
101. Refusal of impressed labor2 a- k# r/ D. i7 O: V$ }7 O
102. Prisoners’ strike
% L& q$ l, k6 x8 E9 ~* r$ p 103. Craft strike
$ M$ `+ r3 _5 K& P* E! D0 ?) y 104. Professional strike! x$ z9 K" s" {) N
2 |: c% [! X' Q& kOrdinary Industrial Strikes* ^5 {& U2 R/ M. @
105. Establishment strike3 l( D+ A$ }2 u2 f3 O& s, r% K
106. Industry strike1 h7 ?& v# A' N2 k1 z: ]
107. Sympathetic strike
% F7 B/ I8 j# Q) R* T: b
8 D, _0 j$ H' Y" a8 ^0 [( p9 N4 _Restricted Strikes
# `8 z) a3 z6 ^8 a' _ j 108. Detailed strike! R$ x1 v. P1 `2 R
109. Bumper strike
) P6 [! `% {0 Z g S 110. Slowdown strike
- T/ G, [( d% B, J 111. Working-to-rule strike
. y) A! V4 r' z! E9 t, ?, H 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ e' a' ~7 {& ?% o
113. Strike by resignation
' V4 l$ B& j j# G 114. Limited strike
' x& Z; o1 a/ O 115. Selective strike, I5 ^7 n* n3 D" j5 }" v
/ t: K; \, L7 Z% @. S
Multi-Industry Strikes k" {) S3 t) _4 Z8 H- F
7 W" `# g1 X4 ?
116. Generalized strike$ \, m* i. h0 g0 g* m
G, v+ S* B- T* O" X
117. General strike) [8 v, `, Q5 D' k+ @# ?, h
. j: |, m2 A& J0 `; k9 {Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ S' Q* U4 K( l$ W9 P8 D, b" C# J4 M1 C; Q" f
118. Hartal1 v! ?; T. [( h" M4 _
9 h/ s0 V6 I( y Y- o: o/ k
119. Economic shutdown
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) g% W% [* E. m6 e" @( w ! k: {; d }; _3 K4 u
+ {3 j# @8 e8 l5 {; nTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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. L5 F6 m6 K! o8 _Rejection of Authority
9 t7 X8 t4 O- [3 [ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& D B; \- i& W5 d3 ]4 c$ S 121. Refusal of public support
/ @5 L. {$ J% _* T5 w# w6 R 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- P" }& @% `& L2 }9 t& i
+ q% \2 j4 \ Q7 m; T+ TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 ^# w( f3 o ^% y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' c+ i; C# l; i$ D 124. Boycott of elections6 E `& J/ ^" y1 S8 Y# E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 q+ G% m( J+ P1 z* \$ \0 A% E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
`" g' }6 {# S. h7 S, V) i 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 [7 G- T% v ^/ `3 N
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
) [7 S6 b* d0 \5 D 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 s. I& @$ |' r7 t 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( e8 ?7 i$ T" N" Y+ J4 ]9 E' W
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
v1 e( m/ s( s0 y: b% k 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- h0 ^* K" Y3 u$ n6 h* c9 t/ _& u- x
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) o& w, s& W* q3 F
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 _% {. x1 n9 m
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' j! G+ p; @0 }: \: d 135. Popular nonobedience
1 [5 E$ X' S8 a# T2 ^5 I1 ~8 G 136. Disguised disobedience! I2 m3 J/ n& A: [2 `, [* p5 {
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ T# @/ u3 m3 d- o 138. Sitdown+ v" T! |* H' l
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; }2 d) k6 g+ b: S2 y( ?) s 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ y$ p$ {9 J" A
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 u7 N# R2 k8 b T- c& y# K3 C% P4 x
( }$ b- A! Z3 U1 Z; Q
Action by Government Personnel
6 U8 I; k/ }1 @4 Z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 e$ z4 r" x7 G1 w9 M& H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( g6 u7 T$ J6 w) K; u
144. Stalling and obstruction/ @' `) `8 R& x5 ^( n/ A- ]
145. General administrative noncooperation; ?3 ^! X6 j. n7 F0 k& W
+ d/ L# ?. g/ [; y
146. Judicial noncooperation$ O) \: o8 ^( W( U% E5 ]$ a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 B) c* t. n; [9 k( z
148. Mutiny
/ b0 ^0 _5 r9 d6 k! @9 Q8 NDomestic Governmental Action
7 P$ _) M! |7 l8 ^ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' s8 F7 {# B. p* A
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 M( \- a2 `, b3 A- p& F. U: Y U3 W o* F; G
International Governmental Action6 ^8 T! b9 Q* R4 j" I; b! S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 r+ {. Q" a, u9 K
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ v1 h5 ^- E4 G' A6 G
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& X4 k, `. `( [. A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' a" I+ }+ r9 e% H% x0 W2 I
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 S C# s( f; d5 }0 ]
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. \0 i$ }8 \' o5 E9 ~% v
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
" _1 ]2 n( F7 M/ t4 ?. j! h+ Z; d' H1 k8 r/ V" L
- c, e: b* s; p }# NPsychological Intervention) W# X& H# b: ~! f2 K( u$ E
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 S/ e" T# \; z" X/ w" s, ^ 159. The fast$ t& z$ r; `1 e* q, J$ a1 Q/ G5 y4 U
a) Fast of moral pressure8 }, F N6 g f6 k) d9 V6 C$ u
b) Hunger strike
& ~# B" Y0 w' R c) Satyagrahic fast7 Z7 `; ?5 L; x$ t5 a$ ^- Y9 f/ p0 X
160. Reverse trial; X7 }! _1 }3 d% ]
161. Nonviolent harassment
# {% y. N. E5 K& t9 Y
; q) {; L& T5 V5 \Physical Intervention
! m& R9 \) W1 `$ t1 Q6 e K8 ] 162. Sit-in. N W! y$ E8 N
163. Stand-in
& f" R0 n" G# W) f" R: I3 `, V 164. Ride-in/ C; ?" p: b- a6 F
165. Wade-in! N/ E5 V& o" T8 k0 Z8 _
166. Mill-in
5 b, f/ ^! ^/ g; L! s2 D E 167. Pray-in
0 H2 m- Q" i. [% z 168. Nonviolent raids
& f* _/ o) Z7 C 169. Nonviolent air raids
4 |- u7 D$ k, u1 N 170. Nonviolent invasion
- V" N! h5 c8 ^( h 171. Nonviolent interjection; q5 u: G* y! M0 e( P" J
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 I" w) ^7 k7 q l3 E5 {$ d
173. Nonviolent occupation5 K D7 F; M+ X _& r
6 z3 _ X; Q$ u
Social Intervention
7 _; `; `7 e6 ]: o9 K( |$ i 174. Establishing new social patterns5 u$ d" w+ j& O# S
175. Overloading of facilities0 S F$ w- e# O# N G% {
176. Stall-in
& c( b$ S& D( d: C! a2 O( \ 177. Speak-in: N+ d3 \0 U5 `* I
178. Guerrilla theater
9 t/ e+ x: U: ^2 G 179. Alternative social institutions4 R: @1 M2 Q; F5 f+ N* j! n' Q m
180. Alternative communication system
^* s2 x; p4 s. x2 |+ }7 X U6 Q, o& b8 Z, O. P2 Z+ ~6 z
Economic Intervention
8 y Z9 g0 L+ P# c 181. Reverse strike# h$ u6 u! Z2 t. B8 l8 p
182. Stay-in strike4 M( s, a5 g! i
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 M+ y, S' J' ~& f" m 184. Defiance of blockades- H* z8 Z0 @9 \! G2 Y' o! ]
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% n2 n7 u4 m8 R2 F6 g8 W5 j6 _* p8 A 186. Preclusive purchasing+ W' o' X8 }* u+ m; e! J4 `
187. Seizure of assets
8 N6 c5 D, X; g+ o1 ~/ Y; w( w* t 188. Dumping& k7 |5 p* X: V3 ^0 }" c* c
189. Selective patronage
! r' q: \% y+ H3 Q3 C/ S 190. Alternative markets3 Q0 `+ j0 [6 f: i4 |8 ^" r4 @" C1 B- ~
191. Alternative transportation systems, L) Z9 P" Y+ }$ t. K( t
192. Alternative economic institutions
6 k. O2 w% l1 F
! @4 ]7 r. v. N$ F1 m6 [Political Intervention7 ?. p3 Q5 U* n4 }, u
193. Overloading of administrative systems
& U- m/ n4 l$ M6 J 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 X: f$ A! b# E 195. Seeking imprisonment
( n! L( Y" z' ?0 e4 M1 [ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. s$ l0 N: |1 u7 _2 z5 p4 i7 q
197. Work-on without collaboration( y8 s; t7 V4 R7 }. }; K
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) A+ r3 p7 C: ^9 I5 [! E! M3 u# ?
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
