 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 C: W7 Z/ X1 ?; N% `$ o: n
Formal Statements3 n" A Q0 i% H" f0 Z6 u
1. Public Speeches
2 T# F( V; B, c& m2 D4 g 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ n. Y* ~* ~2 c% v+ i% \ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 h0 `7 Q% V0 j 4. Signed public statements
8 N( N5 y& P* d" X8 i) T' l 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: O2 \" n: q3 Q) U3 F! \ 6. Group or mass petitions$ t7 m* i7 B8 |$ r
& r9 v2 ]$ e% }; e; W5 |$ K8 i% H n
Communications with a Wider Audience
3 m2 B- ~; G+ ?: Q- A- i# T( Y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% c. o! q8 k: n+ u5 @
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 S, r% V/ k* Z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# N! S6 |! V9 s* q3 h* j5 B: A7 H
10. Newspapers and journals
8 o% x6 a6 f$ ^ }% @2 O 11. Records, radio, and television- r' D3 j+ K* Q
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 I$ t R# Y% G* w0 c* o9 e
4 f9 w& j2 [. [/ Z- ?3 LGroup Representations
# w j8 D2 i5 Q9 z 13. Deputations4 G9 O! G, y3 z/ g, S( }4 o/ j
14. Mock awards
e6 g3 |) y7 H6 v 15. Group lobbying
6 i: v O# R8 R' _/ `( e 16. Picketing
8 z, A& n/ D& l1 a; ^$ S& g 17. Mock elections8 j( o: s. K( E' H8 v
- A( N7 D, o' _ |3 e2 M
Symbolic Public Acts1 C! ?: c( N$ F7 M9 e
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, S+ k# ^4 ]+ I8 J9 \" Y8 Z2 o
19. Wearing of symbols$ T5 ~6 A+ g5 n( n
20. Prayer and worship) j8 j6 G0 }; i
21. Delivering symbolic objects. @1 Y0 w8 ?1 X" _7 ~8 X) @% G
22. Protest disrobings5 B' v- _& B( K9 z1 |+ s) T8 ~
23. Destruction of own property
! h. h/ l( M7 F 24. Symbolic lights
9 d+ T# U0 \( G# u- z 25. Displays of portraits; I- R; M* S# |$ M# v/ y. p
26. Paint as protest+ m W- V$ X* \5 [$ H y! S9 G
27. New signs and names9 J9 g, v2 s( {
28. Symbolic sounds
[1 G$ u6 A' x. p' f0 u 29. Symbolic reclamations/ n6 u" V! ~1 M/ X0 ^4 k
30. Rude gestures
, s1 [4 h' I, ?/ w. j& V6 s( Y7 `4 X5 T, D* H
Pressures on Individuals
2 e! Z( P) X) a. ?9 B& g' v. z 31. “Haunting” officials
[0 N6 _. P/ P M, u 32. Taunting officials9 e. V' v5 {2 L( O6 q7 P
33. Fraternization
( E/ K" R6 Y; u8 v8 P& N 34. Vigils
8 a, R% u$ n/ v' `: E; c% I2 m7 T4 j Y/ {$ t$ U
Drama and Music
# d0 |/ U( y, J' u* [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 ?3 i q, }( |" k( h4 W/ b 36. Performances of plays and music
& T2 V m3 L U 37. Singing# L2 `7 D! c+ H
$ o0 P/ |8 o! q$ X) I. {
Processions
+ E0 }# V5 M. P0 P& u4 X2 z 38. Marches9 L# I* ]7 P o/ d+ K0 E1 [' F/ P5 Z
39. Parades9 d* f3 h2 e8 H4 M% U( p+ ]
40. Religious processions3 z7 p% R3 B$ ~& S" C) K$ e
41. Pilgrimages
: t- m, Z, ]7 W, M 42. Motorcades2 V0 z" d! c, R3 J$ b; L% z
/ S, ?6 y* W D( H) Y `Honoring the Dead2 O3 w2 a4 T/ w- X ] t
43. Political mourning
! e- p6 b. d' k) D1 n" s 44. Mock funerals
7 i) P# b- P8 p) Z 45. Demonstrative funerals
, K1 e" ~7 Z p3 ~) a 46. Homage at burial places
% V' K0 i+ J* r- L) b% C" I9 }* z
: c5 i' h( l6 qPublic Assemblies
* ], S& k* @7 f4 O6 J 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& H j4 i- N9 Q+ I6 _ 48. Protest meetings
' l9 T& D& l9 t/ f m; x; Z* }+ s 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* G- ^* r0 e# D" k
50. Teach-ins
R% Q3 ~) ]0 y
4 x, T: T+ f# wWithdrawal and Renunciation
( c% Y- M" f. ]: x* t9 Z 51. Walk-outs
0 b! w0 J) @. o0 z8 D) m 52. Silence
8 [ T8 [# I; Z2 A/ E7 |" s 53. Renouncing honors9 [; T" r$ b. k- _6 c% r$ {
54. Turning one’s back% x+ ^2 D: D: x/ f9 K" m7 E8 t
& H3 B' z2 A" h6 V* \& t 3 m" n# C1 y/ E/ O* I% S
' ~9 ]- ^. {8 U4 N7 K& G- K3 x: w
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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9 \% i; o& W9 r7 B4 H. pOstracism of Persons6 ]5 h7 ^7 ]* @1 ]+ E% y% }+ H+ U3 H
55. Social boycott
2 h4 X; V, I M 56. Selective social boycott
: u1 X- n( X+ v$ c* b 57. Lysistratic nonaction' U% G o) \, H8 o: n/ _9 a8 T0 M
58. Excommunication! G( L: p- F% {- `' S# O, }# D! r" e
59. Interdict- n, }& g0 V9 \( H$ m& p D* \
0 e/ ?4 v: @ W; H) y q$ l
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- \- @7 W5 Y) L2 B
60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 L" P2 J, E4 y0 L
61. Boycott of social affairs U @3 C: M" [7 r0 e+ b
62. Student strike
& B; ^/ C. l# i/ p- I 63. Social disobedience
% e+ v* U' r; K7 w; ?5 U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 K$ T+ R' k0 A
1 \% K2 w4 i* @
Withdrawal from the Social System5 g, ?- `5 r4 |/ _
65. Stay-at-home
' p+ L2 e* u4 p' ] 66. Total personal noncooperation
. I. _4 M$ W9 r2 u. Y# h/ _ 67. “Flight” of workers
* K- h+ L. r' h& } 68. Sanctuary
+ D. @9 ?, L* k, o' ` 69. Collective disappearance
0 U& d7 z" K) I6 s; {* j3 A 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): s; F9 z6 p b* K5 g
0 X, N; L! D: I; c& q8 D8 Y
( \$ H! Y, X5 n m9 t& c* A: g! z: ]! k
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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) v- x [! L5 a0 L) t, q 5 \" {! i) T0 v3 V
Actions by Consumers
1 M. N/ @% U B 71. Consumers’ boycott
9 c O+ l8 z5 U) O6 U6 ` K# { 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' C% ~! n* A1 l8 c( | 73. Policy of austerity+ i$ I# B# g6 ?" _1 h2 K+ z
74. Rent withholding6 q+ A0 f6 m# V& B
75. Refusal to rent
Q' Y7 b0 @ \0 K% A 76. National consumers’ boycott# Q# ]/ h+ r3 ]9 ~
77. International consumers’ boycott
$ j/ l, e% B7 r: D
7 _% h0 W! ~4 F( x0 s% V+ V- uAction by Workers and Producers' K- E! z" {; W5 o
78. Workmen’s boycott( C7 U: T* f2 V2 }' _9 n* y
79. Producers’ boycott
4 H# R) E& X2 u7 ^
3 ]: A0 t5 i$ ?# F8 MAction by Middlemen8 ?/ D3 h- c/ w: h& C8 [; X# E0 T
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* G! g; s. A9 y: f4 c0 x2 {2 N, u, A( i2 X
Action by Owners and Management
R- j/ }& ~! f 81. Traders’ boycott
* o1 |: s" b4 w9 t5 [# S0 o# ] 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ B" t# k3 i- }% s& S) x( F 83. Lockout+ }0 |4 z7 r2 ?+ b
84. Refusal of industrial assistance% F' j2 A5 p' [9 b) |3 m! v1 {, t7 O
85. Merchants’ “general strike”) ?, y$ i: X3 p8 K1 U$ B) W
6 R1 q4 D8 r6 `: L* n( \2 ?
Action by Holders of Financial Resources$ v2 s8 x2 L0 p8 R
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
Q( X. }% M% K# Q# } 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
3 w4 x" o* d5 ]1 E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 I8 q4 g; }* M6 ^2 I9 Z
89. Severance of funds and credit
# `4 ?% E& k$ |' w) ~/ o 90. Revenue refusal# |* N! z; U, U3 a2 J
91. Refusal of a government’s money6 e; N& s9 I) }5 `( z
: x3 ~' E0 C3 H2 ]( u$ v+ `
Action by Governments
- f4 B# f6 j* O3 F x, ? B& | 92. Domestic embargo
2 T1 P0 V# z$ P6 O4 p6 S 93. Blacklisting of traders
3 e7 ~1 P4 x. P3 }+ n- ?2 y 94. International sellers’ embargo
% P+ Y1 a; }# q: c3 s 95. International buyers’ embargo
! y1 T$ [- p1 g5 j& q 96. International trade embargo3 C9 B% p9 ?' r% Q E6 T5 k
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* o8 L, ?' U! L! o' i
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
0 W4 s! N" |/ `1 Q: G; C/ N
& M7 B7 ~) Y+ |1 K4 i! ~5 L ! B! ]; D4 k/ j! M1 G( a
Symbolic Strikes* W. |4 V9 k: @% r
97. Protest strike+ A: \( `6 j- ?# S9 |
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ [) y3 o7 M G( c' Z, Z
! j! o* E+ ^ l; o6 y8 N, yAgricultural Strikes; M, w% i h2 H0 |
99. Peasant strike; o- @1 K# M# u
100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 C/ _+ E+ m' @* Q% A4 R+ J, ~! g* T) x2 L2 L: i% n" F
Strikes by Special Groups, J- Q9 E$ u6 v( A' H
101. Refusal of impressed labor
, L# C' E, y7 S7 q3 O' U 102. Prisoners’ strike
+ e/ v( \+ V4 y. N+ o6 f 103. Craft strike
; ]5 R+ R3 `0 n' {% [3 \ 104. Professional strike
4 }' o1 V7 @% v" P* c; e" _( H! Z9 [4 f" l; ]
Ordinary Industrial Strikes! V3 k+ ^3 w1 Z/ A
105. Establishment strike. U3 x% ~; i8 r' i
106. Industry strike+ h: ~' v! K( Y' T. ~" P, G
107. Sympathetic strike5 E9 w- [# x; K* U& F/ |1 c/ v
' w7 B2 c3 q2 `5 g
Restricted Strikes
& d* Q& f. ^5 B: e" o* O 108. Detailed strike
7 X5 b0 z6 f6 o& u+ Y 109. Bumper strike
( [+ f1 B) M9 x: X! W- k1 a, H" u 110. Slowdown strike
2 m3 s. Q; z" z4 F" t3 ?1 s I 111. Working-to-rule strike1 q2 O3 Q* Z$ q( `2 }% `' L( Z
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ n6 S6 j: O( L$ [5 a 113. Strike by resignation
4 p0 M' p/ Z2 m8 M 114. Limited strike! Z' ]' x# c: g6 w q1 M' w' P
115. Selective strike
/ n' d8 M- X) {* F; k6 s
}. i3 ~4 ]- v9 sMulti-Industry Strikes
: ~8 ?7 O9 I6 K/ e& _. N1 D% @7 l
116. Generalized strike/ [0 P, |% r! X5 |+ f) s M
: B- x% F$ G' `2 P- e0 B3 N
117. General strike
: b. a$ B- @( i' t
9 G' q* r" _' ICombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 }* [, i4 u, U
8 S. _: Q' h4 t# M9 |; i0 j 118. Hartal
4 ] i* b# R: v! U, g3 b6 I3 a: k* O! a8 ]3 ~" Q7 U. ^
119. Economic shutdown$ j+ C. w! l/ _! s$ ^9 c1 ^
% w$ _ ]) A; S9 G4 W' g
( ^0 e. S1 f: @+ m- N8 t; z
/ _; P! h8 x1 t6 t- V: A! ^% U8 pTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* }3 z9 n5 h0 Z; L7 Q) L: i( {
t* v- E) L6 B8 w( D
q3 m9 f2 _7 O% s# I/ B
Rejection of Authority# X- \+ g, X$ D6 Z4 v! `+ `
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 Q" p2 R: e% `( ?+ {6 h/ n
121. Refusal of public support! C2 l5 u) p L1 R) u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 X! Y9 z) P+ n! l
2 E7 A) \' `. d& nCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 \+ A" M2 l h& u8 ~
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* E% r7 H! R8 n7 |2 F+ Z) ^
124. Boycott of elections
4 T& \ w* L. c- d 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) ]. G: }& f6 C! U7 v1 j2 H9 \2 x 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 h$ H' t+ |9 f8 P) r# `8 ]3 w: y' l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! _3 u' x; r8 a/ k! c E
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 J/ e- T+ Q# @* ] 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ s$ A$ K' [) i( Z9 c 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 Q+ B7 P& b) r5 w# j) @5 a
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials$ a9 u) _* B: b+ ?
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: p: b9 z$ ~$ s8 V! U- }
" }+ B$ ^+ i% E# C" c+ ~& GCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 r+ l1 f& h) B7 o1 C 133. Reluctant and slow compliance; ?, n6 K+ m, e% j6 X* P0 B3 Y8 u) S
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 z# u6 Q+ W5 d- _3 }8 K: q5 e
135. Popular nonobedience
# U' N# R1 {- {( j$ m+ n 136. Disguised disobedience
/ P4 H* h, C& ?: u; F9 u( S 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ f- p" T0 P* r' u: w& [ 138. Sitdown
5 t3 K/ t2 c/ @3 ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. N2 d1 A! p4 I9 S: _& S m
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 u( P" f7 l# ~9 K% e 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ Z* I8 B, l0 m8 N. T9 X
) A3 S% m$ D) T" I, U& zAction by Government Personnel' \, [8 s& W* L* `
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" N. u; }5 e+ {* z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: O0 z9 c7 L; d* N3 X 144. Stalling and obstruction' { ^& m! e" o! K' `
145. General administrative noncooperation
& x+ k7 _. l; X0 D, \2 R- |$ E) Y9 z
146. Judicial noncooperation
a2 r" L- h. p' z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 C+ y+ s# E" b8 h
148. Mutiny
, [1 P3 \6 {4 w9 ~Domestic Governmental Action
6 U$ A" [8 A( N5 O! \' @ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ Z+ y. [8 D) f y7 { 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* B1 |$ H) L! H: e# X2 ~$ e1 I) K3 s2 c4 P
International Governmental Action
3 s) d" Y" \/ J4 B 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ T/ C3 G! J/ ^* P5 ^) J. K9 v 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 ?/ g2 T$ |# _/ T3 z! E1 e
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 x6 a, ?% N+ ^
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- K) G7 k5 C4 ~2 f, ?/ L# x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( E- j8 o P4 e/ M 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ d! q) Q' r4 @7 J) a2 P- l G( T. \ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
! O' ~( e8 X; r* B; W1 h. O0 r3 [- T8 E! @
7 `) a" n) G4 ^* _. Y, a* d1 j
) q' H9 T6 \' T$ y* R* [* p0 W( l' {: d4 HTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 n, S! L8 ~6 R+ C7 g# o
) z2 X! A. G9 |) \% ]6 |- R
& k$ X# \' z* \) E, B K0 CPsychological Intervention9 K4 U2 T) U1 Y8 v7 h6 @" W0 i
158. Self-exposure to the elements+ O$ S7 T& ^2 |, T0 u( k
159. The fast% [1 |+ T# W8 y4 h2 R
a) Fast of moral pressure
* V3 e' X. ^8 J b) Hunger strike- J% L" r q: u, N" v
c) Satyagrahic fast' c/ u( z- A; A _- r( Q3 V% T
160. Reverse trial7 n9 Z, v6 a0 c5 O3 p6 c3 e
161. Nonviolent harassment
s% I( p2 g Z& y3 R3 q3 }4 P
% |2 e) L4 i/ \$ O0 c0 V8 oPhysical Intervention- `! `% H9 w: l0 q' q7 D' R# P
162. Sit-in
4 I: N) {1 [ K- b( a( O 163. Stand-in* R4 Q( E/ W; {3 E$ \3 g5 \
164. Ride-in0 @) L4 g4 T! p
165. Wade-in! Z" f' W1 g7 y" O( Z2 C
166. Mill-in
9 R& x: C$ p; R 167. Pray-in
# Y+ D* ?. Q! k/ w! g 168. Nonviolent raids
- `8 w& ?# @% o 169. Nonviolent air raids
$ @2 y. v R7 c0 J/ ^) w8 ~ 170. Nonviolent invasion w+ w- L. N! s/ R6 M( U
171. Nonviolent interjection: Y' G. ^6 k: t5 Q2 J
172. Nonviolent obstruction+ a( Y5 h6 N3 n4 ~4 C
173. Nonviolent occupation/ i2 i- s. k( `( o+ @
/ ~8 D2 m6 \( B9 o5 ^" [. YSocial Intervention
# n7 `: }+ M. ], q9 r" h 174. Establishing new social patterns
- W8 k% t2 j: o) R/ [# `; l3 j( X( l 175. Overloading of facilities
' {* \( S0 S/ _' \9 x1 K0 @" Y 176. Stall-in
: G3 c0 ?# d/ _0 Z+ z 177. Speak-in% q. g5 z2 O7 H8 v3 H" D5 m! `
178. Guerrilla theater5 H- E; O8 f4 m9 t
179. Alternative social institutions
2 p% ^- F$ ]: p! t* T/ p6 x8 C 180. Alternative communication system
7 J# n( L. h5 M: A
& {0 y- |3 M% s& n- K K8 @Economic Intervention
9 F2 I; o X0 O0 H/ }* T1 F 181. Reverse strike6 H4 f0 g1 G( h6 @: @/ \& M1 B
182. Stay-in strike4 _3 ]. J% y" M& B3 i
183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 g( `) w& T6 B, f4 G) W 184. Defiance of blockades
9 ^& C2 \% T. r1 p6 Y- m, C7 V1 z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 ^8 W8 s& a3 E+ O
186. Preclusive purchasing2 j0 r8 v0 o+ t7 J* r
187. Seizure of assets7 z3 C4 c8 i |% C
188. Dumping
2 i0 Q& m2 w# A! Q! Z0 x, \9 k 189. Selective patronage- y/ S. Z) p- I2 h! g1 ^
190. Alternative markets/ i+ v$ G+ {1 U- c) t
191. Alternative transportation systems, Y) R! f2 h# n
192. Alternative economic institutions+ `( F0 `+ b/ U- f
$ {& s; n k7 L; e) APolitical Intervention, u" L W8 u- g2 W% Z& m
193. Overloading of administrative systems# z$ A+ x( J$ X# B; _( J
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& v) z* o/ i: C4 H, f8 I4 v/ f; Z 195. Seeking imprisonment' Y( i( ? v* |2 o$ M6 c) ?" }
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' Q7 d4 `# r$ n( A* |) S' B 197. Work-on without collaboration& Q8 H8 q/ N ^2 W% B `
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 Q1 a( k* V; s/ ]( {
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
