 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' H3 H- F' o- E' }- b
Formal Statements) N& d, f+ h& C* {* w" w
1. Public Speeches: ^: H2 H+ g( P( i
2. Letters of opposition or support5 ^. \& S' H5 v" O! k/ X1 P, w
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: N# f2 H/ O9 S- `9 E' ?+ ~$ Z 4. Signed public statements7 l. j& N, \+ u7 o+ j0 v& u+ R
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
' h+ {" J2 \- {- `2 I: n 6. Group or mass petitions
8 {. ?. D/ Z1 {; M* F
8 i& ?7 v) g% uCommunications with a Wider Audience& i2 C+ I0 q. ^0 x" Q. R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; ?$ X+ q% Z6 e0 z+ F: w
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ A# x2 r, t0 _9 F
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! E8 B: E8 `2 o5 C 10. Newspapers and journals4 ~" R( ]4 X4 s0 G8 Q# _
11. Records, radio, and television
% R3 B8 s$ B; B2 ^+ Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 k+ V5 l* B; [% `2 u. T/ B
; o; g/ R4 S- F7 }Group Representations
- I* Z& L5 z" C( W5 k$ |. t 13. Deputations$ u. J/ d( ]! Q: S3 C
14. Mock awards" q/ I% o; m- v3 h0 Q. ^$ C) a
15. Group lobbying: E1 ?+ K: @( J3 ?" G
16. Picketing
! @, u' ~+ c9 J 17. Mock elections
1 t: c8 j: q. `, K
3 p) J1 C- v& B U6 LSymbolic Public Acts
6 s- l/ u% P- b8 ^& J/ W, }! [- j( z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 Z. w7 D0 R% w; @; y 19. Wearing of symbols) b; A; y* [: d& D( G! S$ m; Q5 |
20. Prayer and worship; ]$ z' z6 z4 f* Z5 H. p, x1 G& l1 k
21. Delivering symbolic objects, ~' _( B0 B! e( M; J+ @, P
22. Protest disrobings
1 _- c- n5 I: J! A3 n& ] 23. Destruction of own property
' z9 i; J; y& ~) O+ F. J 24. Symbolic lights+ }' V# h0 K+ z+ ~
25. Displays of portraits
, `! T( r# }3 ~2 G: o: h, _8 v# \$ h 26. Paint as protest
" N0 i- m8 Z5 f- }1 z- d 27. New signs and names8 j# ^% l3 T5 h9 L r
28. Symbolic sounds
. w9 U: `# s( n4 `5 N+ S8 d# n 29. Symbolic reclamations
5 E. M9 g$ e: ?: _$ n' F+ z% h 30. Rude gestures
2 H& _: J+ i: V; }, I% Z4 {: E3 a
/ _/ O( i3 r2 x0 N7 O7 P" q& ^Pressures on Individuals
4 o" a8 u- c# i5 e7 L 31. “Haunting” officials) h8 t5 B! C7 o: H2 N) s4 \$ o0 i; B
32. Taunting officials
. Y! ?$ N0 @9 i: i% Z 33. Fraternization
& g$ s! b; h8 ` 34. Vigils( j7 u7 n$ u4 X2 Y& N, I" H
, M. W3 \- j0 I( @% C- DDrama and Music
$ M% |& Z6 m. c( @# t6 Y9 R3 h 35. Humorous skits and pranks6 J, D! r3 b/ r! c! {' D6 T
36. Performances of plays and music
9 F: o6 D, d* a3 k0 Q- O 37. Singing# [+ ]/ m5 k) @8 M/ P* j2 C- i
% C% ]# a7 o! K6 M+ P( IProcessions
8 T9 s- F$ N& H6 K! T 38. Marches4 O% U' k$ N4 Q! J' P
39. Parades
; ]$ D$ S8 K: H. Q3 r$ F- \ 40. Religious processions
* o* V" k3 k( q, s 41. Pilgrimages, ^" m! T: v# z% @; z( o
42. Motorcades4 G' _3 h1 A6 U1 e
2 P. i! g# v& J) I# y! Z; X9 q% nHonoring the Dead
" H# }/ `5 E- h1 u% }0 g6 D 43. Political mourning
' Y2 [; D+ Z) D# a 44. Mock funerals
3 f$ D+ u; @! P7 K 45. Demonstrative funerals0 g. p, C" }8 [# ^0 i3 M7 n
46. Homage at burial places
7 k+ I! j/ [+ F# z( q# \ Q) Q, `# Q$ }
Public Assemblies, Y! g8 v0 a; M/ d" d( d
47. Assemblies of protest or support: T0 M! C, [4 Q
48. Protest meetings
( {/ a+ L4 f# w" N8 B 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 |' j( ?" G' [ 50. Teach-ins
}' L' q1 w6 X
: G2 c& Y' P) \6 ?& mWithdrawal and Renunciation7 D0 d1 c9 G& X6 y+ k
51. Walk-outs
3 T5 n$ c5 b& A$ q 52. Silence
; T* s: q& z2 A5 o4 x+ y7 D/ G 53. Renouncing honors
4 b% S3 K+ Z4 j8 \" J 54. Turning one’s back- f/ S1 t; J, `$ q& Z! u4 Q
& d# ^ E( ]/ P( {9 V F4 ?
+ y: R& ~# y$ ?3 R0 R4 g+ c. |$ W/ v% K; \: N; a
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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, s5 s: e! M2 v9 n. B' S5 `- Y5 O7 Q6 B( O4 A* ?* W1 D
Ostracism of Persons6 Z( _+ [5 u$ }) l5 S
55. Social boycott4 L6 v" m8 r0 J7 h
56. Selective social boycott( ~4 n, |: R; i9 [: a' K
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 p) a* u" L, | 58. Excommunication. U% t$ X$ |. N+ W6 R# S% C& f. y
59. Interdict8 W. o; y3 A3 y
9 y0 x3 @; W9 @& [8 m' KNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. r) Y8 c3 F+ l
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
6 H# Q! {( x7 k( D( {/ ] 61. Boycott of social affairs" G4 O7 z3 r2 n
62. Student strike% r4 |7 P7 f' h9 Y* D4 r
63. Social disobedience
# Z/ c" y, U6 m( e7 Y) v3 X# t 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! M6 M! I: _7 |3 k
9 f" W! @" M+ H! Y( kWithdrawal from the Social System2 P0 ^ E! |: o. F3 g
65. Stay-at-home
0 x2 j6 J% a, l1 e& I5 K 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ N1 ?- d5 w! ]" H- i' x2 B' | 67. “Flight” of workers9 I& u+ O; ^9 F& r: J
68. Sanctuary X3 o" v$ Y8 z6 b4 ~
69. Collective disappearance3 S5 ~: Z. Y9 `* Q* f2 z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- ?, a/ ^# E8 u) ]
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! A+ M; e" L3 F' d
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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4 g" d* } U0 B8 p # O0 |- o% \# L$ B$ J
Actions by Consumers- K& b# C* ?, y- N/ c* y4 R& Z Z8 Q
71. Consumers’ boycott+ S5 E4 c; ~) Q* u! {% K. Y7 s: ~
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 W' {7 z3 O a
73. Policy of austerity
5 p0 Q9 d; B; G 74. Rent withholding
: D% t' _' d0 i5 X4 f A 75. Refusal to rent
, c) A# ]8 b, u4 l 76. National consumers’ boycott
* k! Z' \# t: R7 G 77. International consumers’ boycott0 G; G: v ^ U6 ~3 y% `9 K2 C, ~6 E
, Y$ v" K9 C0 Y Q8 lAction by Workers and Producers; _$ ]$ w1 K% [6 o8 q
78. Workmen’s boycott
2 N( x: O) B" i* I9 [ 79. Producers’ boycott B! Y v! B/ I& \1 u
4 J- ~. i0 f% t" E: MAction by Middlemen1 I& [* t% E W" n& { I' l& i
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 V" q0 S) i2 o/ y s
" J3 `+ P4 H3 M5 yAction by Owners and Management
8 W! x: v2 p7 `( @1 c% ~; p 81. Traders’ boycott
M% Z8 D. j# h 82. Refusal to let or sell property9 F9 B" q+ @& ^& o: G
83. Lockout
3 H8 `# M! x4 E 84. Refusal of industrial assistance% I, N3 q8 I% r+ ]. ^) S
85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ ^! |* A3 `& f5 |8 H" v
) ?+ c1 G: L( C5 XAction by Holders of Financial Resources& N, z* Z- Z3 a% P7 v5 D
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 S- Q. T6 M1 x6 b' K
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% m! y9 Z3 n5 k 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, }7 B1 R! ~/ C: f$ @5 h
89. Severance of funds and credit
# D c9 D& }: @6 Y8 p$ f8 d 90. Revenue refusal
5 W( [' w8 C. n. t- K 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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2 ^% T! Q% [0 m" d; t* `! q3 P0 yAction by Governments1 V5 I! z2 U/ F+ a+ c$ D
92. Domestic embargo+ ]/ w, q; n+ W2 {
93. Blacklisting of traders0 A" d. a" v- G; Y' T [ @
94. International sellers’ embargo
' ~6 r- Q3 k4 Z 95. International buyers’ embargo1 Q- v1 }, c' e- e
96. International trade embargo$ x5 X. h- D2 ?7 g( d
- u2 M7 ^' }6 ^! L4 r/ ?& @0 N ' ~6 ?) ^: i1 {$ x
0 f- m" y3 ?1 J8 R5 j& i3 g, Q( XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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$ @; F B7 g' C! Z* V6 L. w. _Symbolic Strikes
; L9 `3 L* `' k" [* K" F7 p& e 97. Protest strike% A- }! O V# q5 h! Z: }% E1 R
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 V p7 w; k B) p! r+ P
& J; f2 z8 ~6 \3 u7 Y4 @Agricultural Strikes/ f3 h& u( i. |9 A; O
99. Peasant strike
! g7 O; R$ |4 t1 Z: @3 O 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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Strikes by Special Groups B6 L: F( ]1 g: V+ v/ K# b8 H9 l( T
101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 d1 @: Q' t" J) |! o- W 102. Prisoners’ strike
) G1 T9 l5 y, _" Z, Q$ [ 103. Craft strike
9 [ F2 r0 B, X }$ Q7 Y$ z 104. Professional strike; @4 R* }4 W- p0 G- m
3 F7 f' b8 f" V6 t j$ \. ]5 G7 K( z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes3 c+ ^7 \1 b5 D, o/ \5 M+ P
105. Establishment strike* J4 Z# j a- o( X' T- M$ V+ Q. ?9 D
106. Industry strike* _1 V9 w ]; O
107. Sympathetic strike
$ J1 Q' i u5 @) B
, I: d* v* J r% B" G/ n' b! oRestricted Strikes
0 ~% M5 d, J6 B, @* f 108. Detailed strike
- {* c9 ?+ m, O7 {' U0 Y 109. Bumper strike
: b! t1 s6 k* L$ E! Z0 I2 p8 L9 B7 ? 110. Slowdown strike
% g% Y3 [2 ?, U% J" f' P/ W9 m 111. Working-to-rule strike, K4 H0 Q$ k% C- S( _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 O- y, F6 u4 N) E0 A 113. Strike by resignation- R( w0 m* p2 G' V h
114. Limited strike# m( [, G( z% b9 G2 K; F. Z
115. Selective strike2 q3 v" c9 o6 [: w
: Z, X0 D$ ?" Z; d) z
Multi-Industry Strikes" W+ O6 I, W( I. \
+ E1 f9 [' U' p0 N3 C0 x& c, |7 ^
116. Generalized strike
4 c5 x9 d/ I; b) K! x9 \
* |0 _8 S1 w- x3 \$ |6 b 117. General strike
5 k- l# N. w) Q- f; I" ~1 S1 {/ E) H) s
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 y8 Y7 z/ p1 k
, V* I( U5 y2 @% ? n- S 118. Hartal z* ~! T' k( b: B& j
( y* y1 J2 @# v/ Z0 _ 119. Economic shutdown' y1 {+ B" O$ S
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* M3 e# {4 C* q( o9 d' D0 @& r
r+ m, a5 l1 ^0 k. STHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ y5 i; v% E' c4 F& @
* @! i' N# \* [" B A6 U4 R- uRejection of Authority' e5 Z- U; h0 Z. }
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance. _ r7 n# y3 a
121. Refusal of public support, u* |- X+ \: Q- v3 r6 \+ S
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 F l6 V: X" @ A8 T. F+ x% R
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 G' f* u/ _# C2 l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; k# }" }4 r* }3 W% w1 `; l 124. Boycott of elections
8 a6 \' b }$ y& B 125. Boycott of government employment and positions% r ^- G5 ~) @" y& S
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 q1 G' {. P9 q% ^+ |, m 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* m. x4 c$ N' `; ?8 @. c1 w$ d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 o c* X2 v( @. j 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 J- o, L# A E* c0 [
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% N- [$ ^. G# i$ m: E, |
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 }! D* F# D( p1 b4 n0 {2 n
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ {' @4 W* m6 s0 W0 M" J
133. Reluctant and slow compliance. U& X+ y" s* a- q3 i$ j) z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( g; W) b- H" h' b 135. Popular nonobedience( m ]1 J- Z4 v, l- Y: h
136. Disguised disobedience
) s! d7 R+ k) |/ e 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; h; P! O& }8 k# `: ?9 k2 k/ D! l, A 138. Sitdown7 h' c- x/ v! @0 x9 g0 V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% r: N% m3 ^+ R( V) c& f 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 P6 T I- r# n' g ]6 e% a7 G 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& R& U# t/ W# R; {- F4 s6 w7 m( N
4 |% x6 D- F! W7 z. n# P& {Action by Government Personnel
( Y& J! x: M" h7 y/ g 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
6 Z4 |& n2 C% i3 I1 V. p! ` 143. Blocking of lines of command and information G8 J# ^9 J/ t* q) @( b) S1 C
144. Stalling and obstruction' }8 [7 u" h# M. D: V4 e& ~
145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation ~6 @" A( E# @( s
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 g4 O, l% \4 o }* O! M: s 148. Mutiny* [8 b1 }7 B$ \3 K& r/ P' q
Domestic Governmental Action
: L; \2 P) P: e9 T 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. N* ^8 w7 g: {- E. _' F' r3 O* E! F( t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 Z/ l3 [( B8 W/ k: V9 F
0 q e3 Y% H1 r/ o& w* M) GInternational Governmental Action
. w8 A5 g$ R+ Q Q2 Y& g% ]: k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations S/ q0 t7 n+ T
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ A' S, V# M/ S+ Z8 e/ S2 X1 n% Y7 b
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 l/ K9 f3 J. y" a" q5 l9 ` 154. Severance of diplomatic relations& I1 }( u) i. x# t
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( J7 K7 K/ {) n9 S5 k 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 z$ a- G2 v+ b' I0 g" [
157. Expulsion from international organizations0 L/ R, u5 e% C% q Q* [3 ? I$ U7 \
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( X E& d2 Z9 z n: p
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
% I. D9 E7 z+ l7 [' @+ G 158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ n. K- Z- z; F' G5 p% G* ^- | 159. The fast
& q K) q* x) c' O9 L' ], B a) Fast of moral pressure
I8 y% `! N) o; F7 E b) Hunger strike2 x& E3 E3 L) L) J' |
c) Satyagrahic fast
2 O1 f* f7 K5 N% b5 ` 160. Reverse trial
$ s6 ~& ?* D% k8 T 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention' R) q0 Z G4 T5 I, Z0 n
162. Sit-in
S3 j5 K1 E) \& Z- u7 [ 163. Stand-in7 {% y8 `/ m# y
164. Ride-in1 H m5 n( v' H4 I- q+ Z
165. Wade-in
6 F! h5 E, D+ i+ H 166. Mill-in
/ f2 r( h+ o& z! ^* M7 F 167. Pray-in$ `6 K1 o0 \, ?, k3 ]* S! c# L
168. Nonviolent raids+ U$ D. D" k/ Y" Y" p1 L
169. Nonviolent air raids
+ Z$ V- |+ I% B9 o' v 170. Nonviolent invasion2 x/ s+ [/ ^8 a; t# E
171. Nonviolent interjection
2 G. m1 V5 n" ]& C 172. Nonviolent obstruction! ~( i i2 Q! c V
173. Nonviolent occupation
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) ^$ z/ B! Q) ~+ ]Social Intervention- y0 G. @ l2 q9 ?' M6 S* }
174. Establishing new social patterns/ R; x( f# G) Y# z& M: s4 e" U
175. Overloading of facilities# n% Q' `& O5 ^
176. Stall-in
" s3 ?% d' U( G$ @# K0 \ c 177. Speak-in1 V1 }1 O* V; l; o! X- E* j8 X
178. Guerrilla theater
& @( v: C, i4 c9 r+ k 179. Alternative social institutions: H" A! m# F# e2 i' z2 k1 b
180. Alternative communication system
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- l* ?8 E# `+ g: R! ^, rEconomic Intervention* O1 C2 }5 \! N' a6 U# U
181. Reverse strike4 H3 v, J$ K' X. B" P9 W9 n5 h
182. Stay-in strike8 ^, b+ o0 A% U! f& R! t
183. Nonviolent land seizure
# m/ z$ p6 i/ e0 r5 t9 T1 [, Q 184. Defiance of blockades
- X& \4 W. x8 {1 e6 i+ O 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- _8 t% c1 | X 186. Preclusive purchasing
P- L9 b: O8 ^" i# K 187. Seizure of assets% }& a( ]& W0 l! y: _8 L
188. Dumping
2 z0 [% n+ c, |3 T; m/ s7 H 189. Selective patronage
; S$ `, v& A0 D: q1 K Z- y 190. Alternative markets
' e+ e0 |) V& l% ^ 191. Alternative transportation systems
+ m! e2 i' B7 V+ y2 X' I; q2 x 192. Alternative economic institutions
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' v' b' U% g; v" |; zPolitical Intervention/ U$ u" o, s$ V+ B: x+ T1 v) P
193. Overloading of administrative systems
( v; ~ ^- `% L8 N 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 `3 ^# A4 w3 \0 _
195. Seeking imprisonment
; P+ a# ^7 M& c2 o- b' w 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) D! C+ A7 K% C L3 C 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 O* \# j3 j5 |6 U2 C 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) ?& q. n1 p" S
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
