 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 j$ W; M9 w) n% r! m
Formal Statements
6 r9 t' [/ O8 E' j 1. Public Speeches
+ i- Q. U4 I4 P0 u 2. Letters of opposition or support
0 _/ F( G- X7 q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 R C8 L9 \- f$ K, i 4. Signed public statements
4 k5 U3 M3 b9 y" K 5. Declarations of indictment and intention. s4 g% F) P( K
6. Group or mass petitions
3 q& H3 c" B0 i% @; ]/ b* @$ @9 k, C9 I1 |
Communications with a Wider Audience. T4 q- R8 X% o8 u2 e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols! B5 c9 ?& c; l3 L5 K
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 E5 @; h+ f, n* f+ a4 @
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, V! A0 ^# k3 u0 d- ^( {1 N
10. Newspapers and journals# i- Y9 @8 h2 z: I* E& q" Z' `
11. Records, radio, and television h' n& |. E! S$ D* ?
12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 J# n; T% X5 P+ r. T% g! t
& \+ H$ w+ }5 G* [) m+ @
Group Representations
" a9 ^# l( h3 V 13. Deputations# k# v. G; d/ n$ P
14. Mock awards2 b$ a, @' E) Q
15. Group lobbying( G9 @# H( J( v. w
16. Picketing
3 j; T# h8 u5 h8 t9 ^5 ~6 o6 h 17. Mock elections
- j5 {" m) \9 b# @! y# b% U
, l! g( z/ A/ o) l. Y& E# uSymbolic Public Acts' g! z) s" d! N1 E q2 X; t' H
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ _: I1 n1 k L) @9 i* w
19. Wearing of symbols7 j: e; C8 z6 B& n4 _2 q f2 V$ U+ r
20. Prayer and worship$ y {( N. r0 @) G1 ? c
21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ V! J" L8 Q: w( ^3 p 22. Protest disrobings
3 G0 R j2 l5 R: _' b. \ 23. Destruction of own property3 }- j! V( M+ n0 H; I# k5 A
24. Symbolic lights
6 B$ z6 B4 T( w 25. Displays of portraits
; }. R; I3 \: Q 26. Paint as protest
: x2 Z4 h) @- a 27. New signs and names9 z4 d# W, D% R# Y! M5 p2 p2 r
28. Symbolic sounds$ A# W" l) M+ i8 y# o" B
29. Symbolic reclamations
% R7 @" ?+ k$ Z, Q 30. Rude gestures
7 k, A- r+ h. P; R6 ^
3 V3 l, l2 Z1 _, j# Q& S9 r6 r8 bPressures on Individuals
, ^9 x. o$ F6 l' z 31. “Haunting” officials4 e* G6 r3 R/ B/ ?
32. Taunting officials
, O# x1 c/ \- u [1 j 33. Fraternization! c! o$ c: H6 u8 `, y
34. Vigils
( ~ ~3 y% p' ^! S, H
) x! G3 n+ @6 u2 c, Y( nDrama and Music
3 P5 v% j) R. m5 }% {! i3 M 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 G9 Y6 O3 ^3 T) h' N 36. Performances of plays and music4 W, b3 A* |7 {# N( m% m" v# ~
37. Singing; a j+ N1 \) D; ?( e/ H2 ]2 O- V
# L# r. f# n( b# s% c' [& F1 x6 g
Processions+ s* C A8 o, r: k# v8 @+ V
38. Marches: E+ [% G$ v( J$ S6 C) S
39. Parades
9 }2 d# u& x& i6 |( M 40. Religious processions- v7 q% U+ g3 Z; E, g6 t0 `2 V+ E
41. Pilgrimages8 p1 Y1 c! C2 X+ o7 }
42. Motorcades( z1 {1 l9 S$ \
3 {% e- u7 I& e+ x1 A2 X, K; _: r9 Z
Honoring the Dead# d. M4 f6 T+ R5 f
43. Political mourning
8 p& D( U5 k& ?+ o o8 }& U 44. Mock funerals
) f5 r% G( D# y 45. Demonstrative funerals' M: E" m" ]. @) f! ~& [# C1 f
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
9 S0 u r+ I5 U9 d* ? 47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 X: a) E# u! k5 w) v) f4 P 48. Protest meetings% l/ P2 z) k: z: R+ f$ I
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; l- u, g; C2 R/ w. |! R2 _( | 50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation( I, g7 Y- L+ t! R ?
51. Walk-outs
4 J5 }2 R1 O6 A! } 52. Silence$ s% c! v/ n l' U# ]/ h4 P3 O
53. Renouncing honors
# O/ M1 {/ ^- I+ G1 Q. b2 u; d4 m 54. Turning one’s back
4 o& Y9 F7 T* I9 ]3 i7 w- q& y& H6 A- M0 W
3 {( k O* I) j2 i
/ c8 q9 z- \1 NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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% P8 L, P7 w% i$ I
Ostracism of Persons! i8 ` ?1 i2 [# s
55. Social boycott3 N9 G3 z' S! p& r; u
56. Selective social boycott
5 g7 C% u* K& a+ Z 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 L0 d, D4 ~( Y: N# p+ g8 k S; r: x
58. Excommunication
6 Z4 o! K! @! o 59. Interdict, V. k( X2 r" E" q* k1 m
; y2 O- Y$ C" g5 @: aNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ z5 m& g+ `# |1 l# L! Y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities V; z: F2 e5 W5 j7 f: e' B
61. Boycott of social affairs
/ X- t9 ]+ m: F1 b7 h, i' I" O 62. Student strike1 j2 a; v6 M! S3 ~& b
63. Social disobedience+ a, R2 B6 j7 d& B3 |
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 Y1 q" F) c1 c( w: D" n7 Z0 E. E% S. b3 x% _2 y
Withdrawal from the Social System3 K" v2 V" J3 Q7 ~& D) t
65. Stay-at-home
& m: G0 d3 a+ z' r+ S T, R 66. Total personal noncooperation3 |8 ~) w& Y0 x" V
67. “Flight” of workers
" E5 C! F" W* `0 ^. r6 ^ } 68. Sanctuary
\: k J8 @4 x& e; S+ n, J5 O 69. Collective disappearance
# F8 [9 D: [8 J/ V8 q T2 x 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 X p! D% B: t; u$ O( b O4 `" G
4 s4 S: d4 u- L) ^$ m# f1 U" R ) {2 B: V( U/ S# }
4 f$ U6 M2 p# |8 l( V
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; p0 p$ X: I+ L% p3 E( A
7 G5 |5 X& a5 q" c5 p2 a4 a : H& J7 h; A" u- G. X1 f
Actions by Consumers
0 J, K2 i$ M/ O" A. C% A 71. Consumers’ boycott
S; p6 r* B0 ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* l) E W2 q" @% L9 A 73. Policy of austerity
7 E% K) F. y6 g! `/ b& z i 74. Rent withholding' y: M: f1 y {0 v8 i
75. Refusal to rent
, D: W/ A* F; {3 m I! J 76. National consumers’ boycott
+ e6 o5 {+ o Q9 t1 c' [; d" l 77. International consumers’ boycott% m: P% u2 o e7 [ c! ^
! J2 P$ j6 m1 \2 p" R% SAction by Workers and Producers: R4 F0 l. I+ y
78. Workmen’s boycott
9 s' _9 ~4 N E1 p! p 79. Producers’ boycott
4 P4 Z- L1 N3 q6 u ]' _
9 {/ ?0 o3 B: S r5 Y- f7 NAction by Middlemen' ? q( b( W5 ^8 ^' a! g
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 }1 U0 [) _3 m: b- ~' ^' `! K* n
3 T5 q! _/ V0 W9 K& W, u1 q$ iAction by Owners and Management
+ }6 v. H1 B( c" \ 81. Traders’ boycott" z9 r: A- W9 B9 V% H; N* H
82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 G, r+ h+ l$ M/ @5 P$ I! F 83. Lockout
% H' F: c7 z6 g5 O Q 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 k5 S, L* G, \3 c 85. Merchants’ “general strike”" {5 A' |4 J; ?9 r& e
: Z% b6 B8 d4 t( t* m8 uAction by Holders of Financial Resources1 Z2 l* L( k3 r& X+ ^# j7 Q
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ T; n4 C$ d2 |+ A
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, ?% l) N) n8 s5 O+ A' ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest u8 K" ]; U s+ q9 L9 z& _
89. Severance of funds and credit6 H3 N8 V8 v+ X z! V
90. Revenue refusal0 }. \1 A+ e3 ?
91. Refusal of a government’s money1 G1 I7 V/ }+ l% ~) g1 @
9 X' D" Z2 M8 J& X
Action by Governments
; h) ] y7 P% w" x) K* I) s, A 92. Domestic embargo& B4 a$ L# t5 |6 G
93. Blacklisting of traders
- X1 O: L8 s/ @' ]& o+ ]5 w9 b4 [ 94. International sellers’ embargo
5 f# B* O( m) b3 w% y8 e 95. International buyers’ embargo
! X7 F' k. Z4 q' D9 ? u 96. International trade embargo
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+ c+ l8 w( }1 S6 X) W# i3 FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
v7 w, e6 N' \0 j8 O' Q8 Q& o$ u1 x; f4 D# w7 y3 ~& _
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Symbolic Strikes) w! [ q3 S0 d7 i4 E# _
97. Protest strike! u- a3 _! k9 ~# i, [0 M
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
k0 L) ~' v& f' L7 W( o/ v3 B
1 P1 [" n1 b) o! `0 l- XAgricultural Strikes6 A/ p! Z& ~- ?" U* h8 i2 M
99. Peasant strike
& N. ~, D* j; q/ K: f. V 100. Farm Workers’ strike* L1 m$ |9 K" ~
1 J6 j$ N3 U! P& CStrikes by Special Groups
' s/ l7 y. [; Y9 G* V8 S+ L 101. Refusal of impressed labor
" d4 w& e: E$ C+ l* w% E3 u6 N+ ` 102. Prisoners’ strike% F7 R0 g" I: b. o
103. Craft strike
* g9 v1 y$ z) c( Z( q 104. Professional strike. A# K \# A" u/ ?; H0 `' N6 s
, t* r0 s+ ^* v2 }Ordinary Industrial Strikes
$ s/ M5 I5 a$ }0 u 105. Establishment strike
4 e& Q. p' z1 _4 @; H 106. Industry strike
2 f$ ?) f4 ~% A! A$ w% I- Q2 E' i) d 107. Sympathetic strike
: l/ I9 K }. S& G
3 y( r6 L! c9 H, |/ ZRestricted Strikes
* x' q! B7 `9 k. u2 \ 108. Detailed strike
2 T( d3 x3 P2 v D 109. Bumper strike4 c! I- ^8 @& n( d! y8 Y
110. Slowdown strike7 U, Q N' e% H- v
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ O% A: r1 \& `( k3 H+ c 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- `8 u" M) ~* n 113. Strike by resignation
* l( F1 }8 g6 z0 H6 j7 g 114. Limited strike
' ?) |% w% [( W" |+ M9 E" O 115. Selective strike
) j( I, @, K' I% }$ S
9 C, j1 E: x' D1 e N. MMulti-Industry Strikes: m. m: H) X7 l/ p0 q* `
) D8 m! y1 P+ _& b+ [
116. Generalized strike
5 R5 p- M4 f9 J+ n- G% X) m8 ~) n
, U% n9 s; x3 l- O! T$ s 117. General strike8 P! f* a! t& e
& w8 T" J5 K) n, f3 N2 ]$ ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ Z! Z$ D, X2 Z9 t) I
/ }! J, o2 t; P; S! Y 118. Hartal9 h* Q! O" h6 }: g4 ?& m7 Z
+ v- {# g& O a3 D9 \. o2 l
119. Economic shutdown# Z- A2 W" }% \8 A, `
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5 q* a! x6 n# h6 b4 OTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority( r$ ?5 M' E1 Q. D m6 i
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 W5 ~- G, k' x 121. Refusal of public support
+ [. V L3 A C0 ?/ u3 s 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: C' F/ ?! E3 m3 l' D( X
, f3 H0 g( R, M @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& A( b5 k2 u6 D
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& D' c! _: G/ M! E
124. Boycott of elections
5 B8 U! q8 a2 h! X6 X5 U 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 `9 f) ^3 \; p3 ?0 _ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# U2 L7 |8 k5 e6 u6 N/ h+ z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 O3 t! i t$ C( G% G- d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
( D! U" c, P" y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. L4 B+ d. a% t1 w, M$ \+ m 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! I! ` G9 U) S; k5 G3 n% x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ k3 ?) `! S- \( g+ W
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions2 I+ r6 M! t; ^7 F
# _1 `6 S9 K! {& @* ^8 M! T
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 `* K# i$ Y7 R1 R% C& e4 C 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 |4 ^- b4 q' q6 c! ]( p; ] 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) |/ m; R! Q* s6 J
135. Popular nonobedience
6 p1 j9 ]7 R7 `3 n# | 136. Disguised disobedience( p1 G5 ]2 W" j) n% `9 O: C5 V
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. L$ I& l( C. k4 V 138. Sitdown
/ z" D3 H( ^4 ] 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
. a4 K- f! F. }; |8 ? 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' t+ Q# |! e. N" Z9 R 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 b; _/ `2 g& S' @. X! ?
8 w+ a% j& r- H7 X* g, W
Action by Government Personnel
6 ?* v& Z8 }! E# V+ E9 k" i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; E5 u5 e" m- w7 y3 A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information: m E' ?0 w' N( A) x
144. Stalling and obstruction
, ]' Q) O' C, M; R0 } 145. General administrative noncooperation
K" q, v1 N2 q0 q0 W& y
* G# V4 o4 ~; I3 V& H2 n/ V 146. Judicial noncooperation! j" V# k; _2 S2 Y/ M7 u( y% q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; L6 A& N1 ~7 Y- C' |
148. Mutiny
8 p, ]6 ~# r2 N/ W9 H9 dDomestic Governmental Action
1 a( c5 f4 r$ ]- P( [" z( o( u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 h: b1 [2 U& k" Q w+ L# f
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ ^0 N2 @/ T' y' H0 s: g& y9 I E: z5 i/ `; A
International Governmental Action7 N( G8 ]4 q6 j3 _$ \/ k: O
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 W8 J8 y. `1 P2 g0 y) `
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 u X) p' z" p: Q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. ~' Q1 o h, N" u0 U Q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 c* v. E% M+ i7 ?6 ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 w( a9 F7 k% o8 G
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' S, {4 p- D" w 157. Expulsion from international organizations+ C! l) C; _. H. k. r" J% H
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! k( f- v) B6 `# g; {THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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6 @2 k- h1 _4 L0 L, a9 T8 | * n% G9 ]7 q5 _, I D. i |9 |
Psychological Intervention( z5 z# E9 N+ L1 A5 {) Y
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- p" v4 A3 ~9 m$ e( o( d" [) Y 159. The fast
5 n; N- \ W, `# v3 } a) Fast of moral pressure0 j8 ]+ e+ l' N2 L3 p
b) Hunger strike" ^9 F. V4 y9 B' h* a
c) Satyagrahic fast5 x6 P: A N, G! k" n4 [
160. Reverse trial
! ?# O2 a. W' D7 a- ] 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention6 e0 L( v [- W* Z0 a8 R
162. Sit-in
0 Q! U9 A# N: I 163. Stand-in' h* A: A+ l; M
164. Ride-in
& x* X+ @+ j1 k 165. Wade-in
# Q* _+ D# c! t( R 166. Mill-in
8 \ o0 V6 \. L: J7 W1 A 167. Pray-in5 r! V9 r1 g) ?% x$ m+ n9 J b
168. Nonviolent raids+ Y. F* D! V. M- I, j
169. Nonviolent air raids
) b. D/ j3 g3 N 170. Nonviolent invasion
* @, ?4 s: K' W 171. Nonviolent interjection
% g; D; Y* F* N* b 172. Nonviolent obstruction1 H" w% @$ [: w* N2 w- y
173. Nonviolent occupation. Z+ s; \# D) ^$ U
4 o! X- {/ ]5 M) O1 bSocial Intervention
$ _6 G+ Z+ V( ^" E0 N9 m1 C+ W B 174. Establishing new social patterns
7 K4 V2 Y& N+ p% g( Y3 n 175. Overloading of facilities, z* j8 B3 c7 j8 s# M3 w; q. M( y
176. Stall-in
) P* T; M3 I, L9 N" b 177. Speak-in ]+ h. m1 \0 O7 t4 a! N2 @
178. Guerrilla theater d0 J) _7 K+ O$ F% k0 c+ [
179. Alternative social institutions
- ~& Y+ Z! g' S- s' | 180. Alternative communication system
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$ ]5 `7 g% K4 S! F- V* SEconomic Intervention. ~4 R$ ` w i: R2 J* k
181. Reverse strike
& R) O; M4 F+ {) ^1 ? 182. Stay-in strike
8 v0 q/ O) }4 s+ s: K0 d2 X 183. Nonviolent land seizure+ l' L% |- y' T! Y' W/ u5 D
184. Defiance of blockades- R' ]' f/ x+ f- o. K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 A: ? _; c- @- ? h" l
186. Preclusive purchasing
' }8 i. r6 ?& j. z" O) o: p 187. Seizure of assets. }5 k' j+ J, j. [2 [
188. Dumping# D$ E6 D5 u( y
189. Selective patronage* \) c" u4 g6 _. h# Q
190. Alternative markets2 G5 c: K. w" Y7 z2 k/ |
191. Alternative transportation systems
! y7 \# R$ N2 }0 [) o+ g2 u# j9 M 192. Alternative economic institutions$ W1 D& `5 Q, N9 F. g" ?# j
( M+ e' l1 u& v
Political Intervention
5 y& r/ r- W3 R4 |0 u6 p3 } 193. Overloading of administrative systems6 V/ p. v4 C! A5 B" n1 ^7 m
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
# C' K) \- N3 z9 c. | 195. Seeking imprisonment N+ [$ F! Z, ^
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- W8 Z5 B5 \ x2 | 197. Work-on without collaboration6 Z8 }) l0 i1 s+ J8 ?$ M* B5 r' T
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, z2 E) j* R$ j- | E
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
