 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- W1 V- ^3 S& }. B
Formal Statements
% C5 y% D# ~5 ]( ? 1. Public Speeches. d7 M# D/ O0 V( ^* V0 P6 K
2. Letters of opposition or support7 y+ R* ^! e; ~+ d
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 |, Z# l/ F3 C) l9 _) H! V" c 4. Signed public statements
7 b/ e* l# O, g4 n2 Q( { 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. i% L( p! P. {0 ~$ c 6. Group or mass petitions0 C" F& ^7 j, |% m/ i
- a' b, u Y0 m: r8 s: e# JCommunications with a Wider Audience
" u' ]/ F9 a4 ^1 Q: R4 l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; M5 m; o, a, I( {2 _ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 x$ q) ^" C& B5 S; r0 j 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; J9 Z% w2 f. Z" [ 10. Newspapers and journals+ o7 U8 Y1 F- f( H, Z
11. Records, radio, and television
' ^7 C6 [ S0 @7 H 12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 ?9 \* U7 y/ [0 F: F+ o
1 ^5 O" f9 @. d- V( w! g; yGroup Representations9 R; {/ F: S3 V3 K6 H2 o
13. Deputations
/ b, K& ~& c. j# G( l" }7 S- a 14. Mock awards2 M4 J" P5 n; R! i
15. Group lobbying
' P# F+ v, l8 Y8 k8 U( p; S 16. Picketing: l' v$ D+ Z: h5 u0 }
17. Mock elections, C* `& H9 u, E
" @0 J7 h/ V& u, @
Symbolic Public Acts9 h @7 ^4 U& F, r: S( n( p
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 _; b$ z9 y" @/ q2 v b% D 19. Wearing of symbols. {4 S# e! k1 U0 `
20. Prayer and worship* s6 T% _: ?, |
21. Delivering symbolic objects
% I& h, A! P) p3 z 22. Protest disrobings
8 l+ ?& N- O" m0 G( o* a. y 23. Destruction of own property4 d! I9 N6 L+ [! v
24. Symbolic lights
" G) g9 d/ u! r* u 25. Displays of portraits9 B6 V7 Y( f5 b# D0 x+ A; b# |8 C
26. Paint as protest( r8 V# F7 ?/ r" | v
27. New signs and names$ Z& k$ h" {6 @
28. Symbolic sounds! \- }3 W |# d: ^ f
29. Symbolic reclamations
! M9 _- n1 ]$ t, p/ x4 ~% }3 a 30. Rude gestures- Q# c3 X' V Q" ~( f- n. t& z) B
6 L5 A p9 m$ E: l0 ?# S/ z
Pressures on Individuals" x+ h2 e" G! l7 h0 B4 H6 z) Z
31. “Haunting” officials
7 I# t V3 V5 o0 V% q ? 32. Taunting officials
7 O1 d: E: n$ H+ H2 F2 S 33. Fraternization) q! h* s( b: f5 o/ {
34. Vigils
: _% M/ u6 Y: ~1 a7 r, ^5 c/ [. \: G5 l3 ~- {: J
Drama and Music( o6 r* P2 L t# z3 K8 c
35. Humorous skits and pranks
) Q6 h; u/ q0 C) J" m, O( T( [ 36. Performances of plays and music
3 R! ?' |& W n, k4 W1 T( T 37. Singing
6 J& H" b4 ^3 X8 b- ^2 ]' h- \9 ?6 F0 ^! @4 n) h8 I- O
Processions
1 r/ T0 J2 Z* o+ b& Y+ V2 R 38. Marches8 {6 o( r: r T/ _
39. Parades
" R* n. H1 c1 b0 w' R9 A y 40. Religious processions
+ [( h# m0 _/ f! i( ], d 41. Pilgrimages) N5 d3 @( ?6 U) V3 E
42. Motorcades% ]/ e, u6 g5 q7 |" p: K) b% s
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Honoring the Dead, C* H( Z [# x1 Z1 U7 Q
43. Political mourning
9 w% z7 z" C$ R1 |- A% m6 b/ r 44. Mock funerals8 `! E1 C2 w; l1 E2 a/ ?
45. Demonstrative funerals2 ]% J' F# \4 Z# ^% R, e# s' ]
46. Homage at burial places$ N" p* A! q, i' S: B: f' e$ `
7 o8 i3 L5 w" P2 O. p& tPublic Assemblies! f4 y- E+ }0 n. e- c
47. Assemblies of protest or support" e ]( m6 A6 k; I8 u' O
48. Protest meetings
% s; ]6 U# j5 i/ R 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest, U$ O: e' Q% q# ]9 J; o8 |: Y
50. Teach-ins6 \. K4 Y) C: D0 u) O5 }
1 s6 k: `, _( B7 I, pWithdrawal and Renunciation# @1 Z9 N- f1 o
51. Walk-outs4 \- o2 W3 r/ k" }. v+ a# V4 g
52. Silence+ X8 b0 q$ v7 f/ v* ?5 E
53. Renouncing honors+ o# S+ u7 h1 Z% S* U( L3 h' l
54. Turning one’s back
# o4 T1 \8 q7 _; [6 l3 B4 M( y4 y0 ^- [0 O; _; U
7 ~1 W& Y, P, } P4 }& E, }/ R l( _. ~
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! Z0 @+ q0 C w1 ~" J
0 v4 a+ }2 l" P+ F/ W/ }% H
4 C- I) D" Z& }) z
( q# D, c( M7 yOstracism of Persons
. D( u3 C) K2 y& L+ l; _ 55. Social boycott
" }& W8 Y6 _& o, T/ A 56. Selective social boycott0 F0 l8 g3 _: s) y) ^& m4 m
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 n4 r. w1 v; J, d3 v' _ 58. Excommunication; M9 k; H2 m: O1 ~3 _" a+ m! ~; \
59. Interdict
0 ]9 a( @7 }2 \0 `( n) ?! Z/ [& @1 O( H
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions' I) @1 e/ t1 o7 `6 N' a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities, N& {. x3 }4 m+ D* F
61. Boycott of social affairs# `% u& v9 P$ Q, {0 o _
62. Student strike5 U* K! u* O7 W. A& X9 N- b
63. Social disobedience; [/ ]0 f* r5 X$ [# _/ u
64. Withdrawal from social institutions1 N, Z% X' c! ?
8 Y% ]( y @0 R2 ^
Withdrawal from the Social System& I- f& F$ C7 i4 q0 k' Z8 I: i, m! [
65. Stay-at-home
/ {" s/ w: d; N* c! t 66. Total personal noncooperation
) ^, F9 K% r( D6 B2 Z) [ 67. “Flight” of workers: t% j$ H! \) ]% y# J6 H! I
68. Sanctuary4 N/ I4 J6 v8 c
69. Collective disappearance
$ q+ |7 `& q- Z, ]- r# u, F 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
; w q4 [+ `) Y$ T
8 d3 y; d W i% e
/ }% D4 h4 W \' t D- p6 B
7 v7 W$ t0 O, H: [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 V& H! P, v8 O8 f3 P4 O) A& F
3 s0 ?4 D' [& l) K
8 V$ C$ g( z! Z: i* H+ k k; w
Actions by Consumers) S j' h' n9 ]8 ^# r4 c
71. Consumers’ boycott# B4 |3 q2 j" p& ~. J) y- \" r8 O$ g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. Q; {9 W3 h- X/ V0 Q 73. Policy of austerity1 E8 E" G' N. D( \1 A
74. Rent withholding, V8 |1 ^, X6 `9 S
75. Refusal to rent
1 z: \. E5 L3 E( p) X( q5 a8 w 76. National consumers’ boycott
' y0 [% N4 f+ {: X 77. International consumers’ boycott
E1 q; z4 j/ m* s
: b6 D' n$ F9 d/ NAction by Workers and Producers
4 o+ J I( [ K5 b( r5 O7 E 78. Workmen’s boycott
' M H; V* k, M8 w 79. Producers’ boycott) _2 z9 F2 d4 O" ?
3 v3 t* m1 H. D2 `1 f. ZAction by Middlemen
+ `# u" }0 J$ d1 x* R 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. ~2 P' n }+ {, e. Z: b
' v/ f# Z Q$ [) d, HAction by Owners and Management
5 x. b$ P6 p# H$ w7 l6 [! C 81. Traders’ boycott2 R- b6 A$ F) l) A; a+ `
82. Refusal to let or sell property
) ^! y" z/ g, T' r 83. Lockout
$ L6 ?' f- d/ J/ ?; R$ i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance# f: L! y ]; n; r
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ f$ E) M, R$ e/ n2 B5 Q8 u9 d' s$ d+ |1 { f
Action by Holders of Financial Resources! P: G0 {4 N" f6 J) Y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 p8 s* p; _7 p 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" H! U# X' c/ D: ` 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 `( ~' Y& E( I
89. Severance of funds and credit
9 |5 S7 ]( P/ y( _' R- F* _ 90. Revenue refusal+ D) B6 O0 l. j/ {' N5 \, D, W
91. Refusal of a government’s money% l0 q s- j0 C; G' B" S
" Z! _! s1 n- G% `9 p, d1 [# U
Action by Governments Y) \ [& e/ B9 u8 S" n* Y
92. Domestic embargo
9 h2 k- P4 \9 w( n9 ^- I5 T/ I2 | 93. Blacklisting of traders! ~. H; z( `/ V4 w( u3 q y
94. International sellers’ embargo: w9 s8 y2 K2 ]& f( \
95. International buyers’ embargo
( X: h* G8 `$ [3 l- C4 ?; p 96. International trade embargo
, d+ t* D$ H3 j8 Q
; d( d7 l+ w0 T9 z+ [, r" ]9 F $ k R9 W J" i( P( H. r! \* \
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 U# a& R4 D F5 Q4 @" H/ |
3 |2 A2 K1 l/ M& l8 ], z. f
3 u, R' m" m9 _, BSymbolic Strikes
8 n2 C+ h5 Q1 y3 ^ 97. Protest strike
3 T7 @5 |+ ]4 D9 e9 ` 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 U8 W# l1 n& V" P5 h4 z7 @
( k- i! f5 q: c S' J, a( SAgricultural Strikes8 t4 ~ J9 p) |* W( I I- W
99. Peasant strike
! Q( M+ y5 f; `; ^ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 c/ C" X. z+ K+ A# X" m' }. J, m# A& _6 ~; {5 @. t
Strikes by Special Groups
/ W2 v# j) U4 }( g- p 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 a4 q) B. v/ ?6 a! ?+ P 102. Prisoners’ strike
3 T) b- I9 i$ }+ n! j/ X 103. Craft strike% ?6 k* J: h& X8 x2 f
104. Professional strike; C% Q& W5 R3 f2 y W
8 N' l/ j) I2 o1 `& X
Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 y+ y2 G) `' ~% m9 `) \; e9 Z+ ]
105. Establishment strike
X0 l& I q; U* b! P 106. Industry strike
% m' w9 E: i) @+ m/ I 107. Sympathetic strike
/ {6 @& ]& C. a; K* j# O
! \% c- z# Q0 [) a* h) l7 ?' jRestricted Strikes
1 |8 R4 ^5 B+ _( Z" k& s 108. Detailed strike4 ]9 b6 M9 x1 d2 U. c
109. Bumper strike" K6 e( X* Z8 l
110. Slowdown strike2 Z% c! `7 q+ } S
111. Working-to-rule strike/ w( J( Q- v$ y: L1 p; d! ^, H) C1 \- X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
C$ v6 f/ u$ f 113. Strike by resignation& N9 V1 ?1 Z2 E% @
114. Limited strike
$ Q! k* A, j) O: O. A& ` 115. Selective strike
- u9 j( l3 ^+ h+ b( E5 [5 d
/ r1 e4 _' c. S9 D4 DMulti-Industry Strikes2 U$ ]4 w: z/ A9 t5 |! k& z7 B
! a: ^0 w8 w9 {5 z
116. Generalized strike' V: R5 m* ^. X8 N1 S7 e/ q
* P0 m; R( U# Y: ]. _1 e 117. General strike
( x' J% {; [+ w4 G( `. [. q& y0 J% R- I* [) [1 m
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
" K$ Z( b; K2 _
8 j) q% t( y6 q; ~ n( z% ] 118. Hartal0 ? x$ q3 T# g6 @2 A2 L7 m
/ b. u3 ?, A/ v$ x9 Y 119. Economic shutdown
! y A+ e/ @, V& I; O- k
2 c; ?7 `& B) h& I- u' t
, p1 U+ H, O; p$ D& a& X7 m" u' e
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 f& [# Z) D/ X# ]2 r
# q+ l1 [5 a& F( H2 {2 A" s
" D4 e& g& `7 N7 HRejection of Authority4 c+ C) ?, l. ^- T, C& p9 I
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- y, b1 i" r U& n j
121. Refusal of public support
+ h* }/ u: H4 u& n, U" X 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 T: k# |: b F$ f) z) F X
0 |- t& h; F% i! a# PCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ a% N8 w2 m, p) G/ x) i4 ^ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 y7 B' l3 A6 F
124. Boycott of elections1 n; n6 } I& `
125. Boycott of government employment and positions% O5 T) X- l$ Z+ K8 K
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! U# |$ g8 Y- q, X
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 e! F5 {$ I. ~ j+ n' Y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. f' W- J7 f1 V, U
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- H& a/ F8 w3 Z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" Q8 S2 T- |: P0 Y( E
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 E1 V7 i# M( j0 y5 | 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 _! x" K1 e& t6 R0 ]
1 E \+ @6 X P4 g A5 N7 S& G
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ ?6 l u; V+ q0 _: e& @+ o
133. Reluctant and slow compliance! Q. C3 v) a$ h: r
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 u9 _) V. ~ t/ y 135. Popular nonobedience
6 b% Y# B6 }0 W$ r9 A/ C 136. Disguised disobedience
/ \" V* {1 l3 ]) `/ d 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# V# }- j; l& F0 q, i4 Y
138. Sitdown
( j2 S5 ~8 U% `- C3 | 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' I* Y& A1 H5 m7 ~2 E1 x% ]5 A8 e
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ h; @- g& U1 [& I; ^
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ V6 t: g/ k& {) T# j- z
3 K% v, y; n! }2 k/ G- E2 @+ m% R) |. ZAction by Government Personnel
3 `* W$ f+ B, j/ v 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. [& w6 {+ i, F$ ?/ E/ e( Z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! m! k1 z4 x3 I5 ^7 ?
144. Stalling and obstruction* c+ K+ w' o6 i. y$ z8 _8 B
145. General administrative noncooperation3 a) [1 A- _ I9 f- m* y
3 E9 B& ?/ ~* e$ Q
146. Judicial noncooperation
# a3 \4 y3 L. D- K 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ B& g# C6 F A+ G3 [& A3 x% T
148. Mutiny& ]' ^1 l) t) T+ Z5 m6 V% b
Domestic Governmental Action. _) C* e \, Q6 K h
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" V0 P2 v0 B/ e2 U! s2 V7 w: S
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 S& Q) N7 I s( L* r( r4 F$ e6 ]
) i, c+ d2 A$ N: yInternational Governmental Action) U$ p4 Y; b2 D, I2 J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" i& \+ [/ K* q( E) W
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, j( l2 H( D2 l6 W+ X& u+ D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 r; _1 Z7 V: h' o# i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& ~( b" H* ]! ~; g( o& S2 b2 d3 k+ x 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 \, n B0 a8 c8 |5 P- w
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- v# z: l5 j; y' q
157. Expulsion from international organizations0 Q6 ]/ y1 F* i8 O8 e; W5 d- _2 `( t
) l6 j$ h5 C5 X: b$ a
: a4 N) W0 _# N% I( |4 K. Y( M7 d" b5 w5 N& O6 z7 T6 G5 {
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 q7 Y# d1 y/ L; {9 {
- y9 k+ {, \+ @- Q
! V e- e6 C& g( [" t8 K4 VPsychological Intervention
L3 M4 j4 Z7 l% g3 Y 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 l( i( Y; @" Q b, p3 U, r$ \ 159. The fast( e: a- [9 v6 `4 ^6 F0 o% M! c
a) Fast of moral pressure6 `- u2 w9 B0 U! }( ~$ C
b) Hunger strike
& Z, {1 n4 G8 t. f+ T( {( k4 E4 H c) Satyagrahic fast; g1 f; R/ M: e! s6 p' ?7 A
160. Reverse trial
7 Y4 Y# V( L# L 161. Nonviolent harassment4 T! u) _) N! Y' L4 }: ?$ g
$ x4 _- U/ D! W/ l" Q1 f5 \' b1 f6 F
Physical Intervention
4 s* Z+ s0 Y; n% j. V5 q 162. Sit-in3 d" X) g2 z- m- K; a4 i5 X8 F
163. Stand-in
4 D! Z: n) m- c8 ^4 ^ 164. Ride-in
6 u. W: m* F. D7 {7 v 165. Wade-in! r7 [, ~6 {0 h$ z1 w% r
166. Mill-in- R( k2 E" X5 w/ i! r% E1 L6 D
167. Pray-in( @1 }$ y! m+ s
168. Nonviolent raids6 `5 V1 |, H: `- J, U5 P
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 e3 d/ Q3 @! o# A P) r) M 170. Nonviolent invasion$ o6 h0 Q3 W" N5 ]! t; F
171. Nonviolent interjection
) |! M( C! A5 I5 [ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
; H8 W# o( `3 _; {% X2 \! j 173. Nonviolent occupation
2 p" I) e( O! M+ s* h$ \
& j# }9 L6 o/ c$ F* _$ V* {Social Intervention- Q R7 R8 g( ?' _/ H) g1 \
174. Establishing new social patterns% f) o2 P8 ]2 E$ m
175. Overloading of facilities
9 ]7 Q8 T7 I5 Y$ a' G1 q2 D- u 176. Stall-in3 u% B4 L3 f2 F) x6 o% y
177. Speak-in
5 s! V2 F! A! V 178. Guerrilla theater" {1 L9 R0 E$ q; ]# J( n3 c* K
179. Alternative social institutions
5 v3 }+ U6 n% ]; A 180. Alternative communication system
% g4 }* j: p& k. b
# H G1 z8 Y. c4 CEconomic Intervention% d9 |+ C& i5 y9 f; H
181. Reverse strike
5 k0 q# o- s# L 182. Stay-in strike3 e3 J, _# R3 T7 I" U+ Y6 q8 s
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 Y7 u/ T2 S |* y. f% a 184. Defiance of blockades1 R+ E1 k9 d, A7 ?3 B) ]3 F
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 B( S3 z2 J. a$ W 186. Preclusive purchasing# _6 M6 V8 ~7 X+ i1 s; \$ `9 j- |) r
187. Seizure of assets
, x) ~ M" R. b5 P8 K7 G 188. Dumping- Q P8 g' v; L3 h$ _% T f
189. Selective patronage8 M# K" ]. @' E3 X0 P. ? s
190. Alternative markets" E6 i, Y7 M, V+ ~) G: l: i7 U
191. Alternative transportation systems9 E- j) y7 A1 U1 p+ \. |
192. Alternative economic institutions1 N! |) P! J" N
- h4 j+ m! d4 h% N$ H _Political Intervention J' z& w# i( s4 V& B4 O" X
193. Overloading of administrative systems/ E1 A5 X' K; a9 U# k. r" c
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& C0 I0 ]- V$ g
195. Seeking imprisonment
! U A# G- S3 f8 Y0 } 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! L0 B8 o; _! Q# M. C i
197. Work-on without collaboration, E8 s2 r& D# p9 o: j. s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. L( m) X8 y+ K5 Q5 }3 _/ F
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
