 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
2 @7 _, _& T/ GFormal Statements. z! j+ I. {+ g- n5 r; \4 y
1. Public Speeches
; S7 |3 Z# F. J: W! l5 [! k1 A 2. Letters of opposition or support
) s; Q/ k, y" U% E3 ^ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
l5 L/ g4 ^# I g3 ]' Z 4. Signed public statements0 A3 d$ K5 @$ q9 L# [9 [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 ~4 e) G$ I0 m! ~6 i. e4 ` 6. Group or mass petitions
- S- e" V" C- z$ N
i6 q1 }0 m/ s ~$ V% N9 vCommunications with a Wider Audience2 l& c! j) r5 z3 v9 _& A$ _' `
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* u& M9 r/ K8 q$ @$ @
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% d2 b; ] T4 F1 I
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 ^' R: L& [5 Z% V
10. Newspapers and journals8 N% \* J" ^# U2 Z0 ~! k
11. Records, radio, and television4 o- q7 J" K$ k2 r% d* @/ Y7 ?
12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ P, O0 ]8 m: M* W
' ]5 D, [" n, RGroup Representations2 p6 @, ~9 g* u. `
13. Deputations4 F: {( o3 G! ]# l) m: P5 m* T* l
14. Mock awards
5 F$ @/ W- T+ I5 | 15. Group lobbying" ~% l* t$ } |
16. Picketing' N2 w$ `0 k& X/ D- I9 ?
17. Mock elections
n; R! Q; W3 X$ c0 ]6 V5 d# X2 D& q
Symbolic Public Acts
7 W6 A; J3 w- \4 y1 S# u! Y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. \4 z S4 e% ?/ Q
19. Wearing of symbols
( z8 }2 }, W3 Z7 l 20. Prayer and worship0 W( f7 v0 W2 z! N" ^' o7 @; @# N
21. Delivering symbolic objects/ f5 f0 M' v v. x0 u+ [! g% v
22. Protest disrobings- J( {) j4 Z5 U3 h8 V
23. Destruction of own property
, L- m) z( X7 C7 P# R* _8 @( u; L 24. Symbolic lights
' B. t$ V! o6 |! P 25. Displays of portraits8 W/ R0 G9 j W$ D3 K! \
26. Paint as protest' D& b; ~$ ~ [- a7 G: e
27. New signs and names3 n6 q2 ] ]2 p3 b9 r
28. Symbolic sounds
5 p( o8 d- G$ k2 v" v 29. Symbolic reclamations6 }$ i8 h$ b. ?% m
30. Rude gestures: V0 t6 p& W- v S& M, A' y% z
2 Z+ @3 \, l. N! _Pressures on Individuals
2 \9 G% z( c% l; g3 S4 |" K: V% X& N# b: t 31. “Haunting” officials4 g, j1 {! z4 T1 n( _/ l
32. Taunting officials
! I9 k% n, |7 \ 33. Fraternization
, l2 Y6 L' p1 R9 B2 x0 G 34. Vigils, L2 D. r1 E! s% V% k/ g' K' P9 }4 T1 }
) p, Y5 V/ F0 Z% Y8 T4 W% x$ E kDrama and Music
4 l. M) z7 E h3 K 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ \& n5 e: B3 l; Z4 \2 s. o, N 36. Performances of plays and music
$ J: L& J. c: y, v& e" w 37. Singing
; w! H2 {3 u5 F S2 A2 X/ E" I' c% @7 r& Q8 Q3 O; a
Processions# Z1 o! K5 i8 k
38. Marches7 D/ n; w5 F" |* @
39. Parades
" p! H" M! |9 U% x' N, E& l1 Y& ] 40. Religious processions
! l7 W O( S' m 41. Pilgrimages
, T! D n1 f( f4 @. k( s 42. Motorcades# U( A( T6 x, h: A6 q
9 a& y. j, U0 I9 V+ I
Honoring the Dead9 O* f6 S D& a& e3 d! l) o
43. Political mourning# t' s% |* {! |4 a/ f1 A3 h
44. Mock funerals
" c! L1 I0 b7 _6 ?$ C" S 45. Demonstrative funerals
" B: R: n3 w; o3 l' V 46. Homage at burial places
2 S) U$ V0 V9 @, s* y9 x; C! R. H# w- V
Public Assemblies1 ~& p! b( Z) Q1 O1 ?/ i
47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 p$ g; w+ u! w* M/ J9 d! I+ y 48. Protest meetings H/ B) [8 i8 b; i0 C7 v
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 c9 o* Y' |, m3 g9 k2 Y
50. Teach-ins. M' G* u, |0 \4 z6 l/ g
$ E' P* f ~ e4 i
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 P- Q; r& E+ I, @- V( b) S: R7 d3 E" t
51. Walk-outs0 C9 M" [( R) A5 K
52. Silence
- M5 K! ^, E$ d 53. Renouncing honors
3 o( }+ h7 M' M {! { 54. Turning one’s back5 N( b Y8 S: j: t" p
. R& \' u2 [, k2 { : `) z# s+ o, ]( c% [
8 ]8 M- i2 S i, tTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ K* @2 h8 a4 p
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: R% Z4 x D0 q: [1 o; |
Ostracism of Persons
- W; E0 ^- L" Z( c3 Q3 D 55. Social boycott2 b7 e* m7 q$ S
56. Selective social boycott
" a+ X0 C! e, a" q; h 57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ ^' h6 c- f6 E2 o, @& Q# q 58. Excommunication8 M; y6 `4 e; e6 [
59. Interdict! z& L' D! z* t" @2 V
, Z( h# x+ g2 `+ d$ I9 A
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# P2 |* R: l+ ^ Z 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, l# O3 h; E `: Q$ { s+ q* ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs" |" M7 i6 T$ I3 C( l1 M
62. Student strike& T4 ?! f; j7 j J& Z) H2 g. w
63. Social disobedience$ w8 {! x6 a' |* K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# J$ A8 u8 W }( F% D% I+ P! }! U+ |$ \7 F
Withdrawal from the Social System" `* m: u) _5 a" L8 V* T& H
65. Stay-at-home
9 {# w X2 Q- e& P$ ]: N3 l 66. Total personal noncooperation. O. s5 {# n7 v% E; T9 y
67. “Flight” of workers& B* @6 h. c# C6 \9 t; v# _
68. Sanctuary9 f8 [5 U# a9 o! E) B5 i I
69. Collective disappearance) ^/ \) r* E4 H/ _6 z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! S$ c$ B# Y/ Y: N
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8 [' E; N# T7 h: U" ^
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 o' O4 ]. I* A
. y6 _" i8 }' s* R/ L
: L& h5 C5 L g8 V" x4 UActions by Consumers
0 T3 \. f4 o% y 71. Consumers’ boycott
! _6 T3 `3 O& T5 S. C 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 M+ I. i4 y% Y7 c* l
73. Policy of austerity8 W8 p# Z- w+ B5 B
74. Rent withholding& m/ S T/ H# u4 |
75. Refusal to rent, o1 ]9 {# {' q, C' w+ L% L
76. National consumers’ boycott N' o, g' t# F6 b# w
77. International consumers’ boycott
: T' k2 `; Q7 R( D9 w4 l( \2 Y* ?5 {" `& Q1 M0 f
Action by Workers and Producers; } e' I2 \4 Q% [2 V% P
78. Workmen’s boycott6 {0 O0 t) T# z" L5 ~7 d- S
79. Producers’ boycott
6 Z' p3 D3 k1 P2 Z+ O. M9 L3 S- c+ {2 L. q; V, B
Action by Middlemen
2 l( Y2 i/ @( d2 b 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: v0 v. j% T9 n1 ?" u+ l" Q; V# K! ~/ c
Action by Owners and Management! e1 h5 Z9 ^" u$ c: T3 n& p" a/ {2 y
81. Traders’ boycott( t3 t/ i0 N. w0 G; _4 g, [- O
82. Refusal to let or sell property: {) x4 x' Z7 l6 S. u, X- v4 J
83. Lockout
. l: {+ W" O+ Y/ |' v/ b2 z# c: X' [ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 Y& Z1 _) `: p: ^ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
?9 @& z# W f! z5 |( A8 Z, f/ U' X5 S M4 d% C
Action by Holders of Financial Resources0 t8 i) e. u1 ^$ }; T# c2 T
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits S8 d. G& h/ M3 c( x
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 t( C; S: q4 V* R
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# w [' Y2 U- H
89. Severance of funds and credit
7 i ]( H" j3 _8 b- l9 c 90. Revenue refusal
* M1 x+ W# b4 J( z& x& Q3 ` 91. Refusal of a government’s money' ]8 r0 u q6 c3 I7 d) t& a( L0 O9 G
) f, k4 R2 u# z' z# g
Action by Governments
2 \8 l1 e0 G9 Q7 M/ N 92. Domestic embargo
d) F/ g! O: O0 V6 g 93. Blacklisting of traders2 w( X% D h* b8 R
94. International sellers’ embargo; F; I: \( v+ o
95. International buyers’ embargo7 u5 R3 \) \7 H0 D8 f% B; B) D
96. International trade embargo9 a. l1 b9 r9 N# u
7 g, ~4 ?: D& r8 K6 B3 N0 p
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 |* B1 z0 l/ c4 }9 p0 \
+ w, j9 [9 Q: a7 z% B4 C
. L7 f, {+ y) m" }& x1 USymbolic Strikes* x3 \' H0 {" i) {- B- I/ M
97. Protest strike+ E# h# c$ P( Q! C: W9 X
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 d! ^# D0 R/ N! ]! b, Y* F
( K, G1 y) w8 i# H* W- EAgricultural Strikes
: R2 I, |/ H, j" g$ D 99. Peasant strike
% v5 `9 @5 j T. @! V 100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 [8 v& Q) ~; M: D1 F- O' e: w+ W1 J4 Y# Z) o
Strikes by Special Groups
8 M: h4 F4 ]6 u 101. Refusal of impressed labor* V8 R/ X& s1 B$ @; c
102. Prisoners’ strike
; Z$ b5 [, O3 Z% M x! p6 W1 W8 L 103. Craft strike- c" N/ p8 |/ b! A" |! B0 @
104. Professional strike
# V8 E5 R$ ]" ]( f
/ } N$ v1 Z7 V% s0 UOrdinary Industrial Strikes' K5 Y0 W( p3 J( B" j
105. Establishment strike# b' H0 {9 g" H! W7 m
106. Industry strike
9 c, k, V4 S3 w6 ] 107. Sympathetic strike- S b* U, D/ |
2 s! c; D, m9 K3 Z$ X: ORestricted Strikes/ P& V M' j1 E. I3 U3 o9 e
108. Detailed strike- ]$ X8 U) G/ \7 S
109. Bumper strike8 y& C% p d7 W
110. Slowdown strike
7 ?% w6 n' ~" E9 `* S 111. Working-to-rule strike6 _0 ^9 H- W& k% Q2 l1 a
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 Y: c' J8 i' V5 G& o. V 113. Strike by resignation& _9 I% M( v/ s3 l/ U$ w
114. Limited strike3 ]( N8 }: n% D; m' Y R/ f% X
115. Selective strike
5 J E& B6 X" m- u- F6 U- ~: g" A- Q$ `
Multi-Industry Strikes% \1 @: G+ \- }
$ L: ?% V& I* A3 }1 l 116. Generalized strike# I7 k% \0 u3 ]! D
1 T, c4 k* h0 a! W# l
117. General strike: }4 m9 i' Z) z' n5 C" L
2 @+ v9 K1 V4 [0 ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ f5 m4 M7 o4 |1 l
! }. i& V1 j0 u. E, c) v5 U. z/ m
118. Hartal% V; q. H5 V7 S7 `/ {. {) o
' o8 C5 i. d ^ z9 O; N0 d- E 119. Economic shutdown
3 L( M5 {% \* c [; H7 p D
1 L, z9 T9 c1 s" r 8 H& u- W7 N8 E% p' u& p
m& V" } H- t# p. _5 @* ^" x" lTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 [; q+ p/ [8 h' V9 M( P% x
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% c+ e( ?- }3 n, A" F B! r! mRejection of Authority7 G: ]: T# b0 n W: L( `" h- y# u
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# U# ~! k8 ^6 }* ?; j 121. Refusal of public support
* `0 [8 J/ ^1 O 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
p5 a$ p. M" z8 r5 I( U5 l. {. D0 f% V7 n- H0 J- d& ^
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government( o$ H l$ o2 M2 F' G
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# J: }: m1 T, m6 h W. | 124. Boycott of elections
! l/ [7 \- s7 J# z' s 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 N1 `( x0 j7 a u( L8 d/ n 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 O* C4 ?. ~9 Y0 N" t
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 q! u# `9 L. X+ v2 L 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 Z1 J( f( C Q3 j3 b
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# f; c3 l6 R' R' P: Q8 n" w 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) n: ]! b1 f. g7 p( `) [' W
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* G6 P1 ^# \& V6 }* P
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
r: D o9 F7 D* H" G7 E! \- ^7 A4 l1 i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% C& M+ x) s- F# I+ X
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ t0 B, m/ ]- s* |1 @/ R4 Q' O' p z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 V5 G. f' d) z9 _ 135. Popular nonobedience* Q! ^ V# E5 @, t
136. Disguised disobedience
- D% L6 N: a G/ B, H 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 R/ F9 |* U: Q5 g S( P( d
138. Sitdown& I6 g: N6 b9 `/ h: u! W5 m5 h
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 _' t3 X( j% U, w# W x' F 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) p) f! j3 M, W1 S; C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 L6 V6 c4 |5 f- r! s0 j6 Y! O1 _! G `0 o3 Y
Action by Government Personnel; i+ o" u$ ^0 z* _$ i0 ~
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* j) w' U3 j+ `# Q. l+ J
143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 |/ i* r/ W) b* t0 f
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 s' @5 A. V/ N/ F+ Y9 W/ {+ i& `2 q 145. General administrative noncooperation
: u h+ h* U8 L6 [5 \ j1 D2 O/ N X/ A8 ^; Q2 P
146. Judicial noncooperation& P3 g. i9 g' Y& F6 F* Q, X& M: B
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ a& F% u* Q* s9 J+ x5 v" J0 |3 J 148. Mutiny( @; ]2 Q4 I; Y" S% @4 s
Domestic Governmental Action6 K7 h% g4 u y: T
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ J7 H$ c( u" @, v
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 J% \8 m' s5 }& A! S2 _
& O6 g* T" ~& h( o; h- T) j4 sInternational Governmental Action& S, V% R- @% Z- H8 B. K3 `, E( k
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: f& ^* Z# X: G; C: k" x) X6 X* n
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 y$ u& O) U; [7 \
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! X4 y& A2 h' v: _- h
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
2 P" m& f; S2 W( C# j0 F3 K8 U' u' b 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 p1 `3 C$ H! R! l- L( A 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. ?" e6 F% o- T; c8 Z5 U$ ]$ ]2 u/ y 157. Expulsion from international organizations( M& W3 X6 n O$ Z$ `4 d
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1 I2 U5 S& p% @0 @8 [THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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! b# E8 R4 @7 R% k9 c
6 u# B" E8 i( z9 GPsychological Intervention) |) O- I; x$ K* t
158. Self-exposure to the elements& _: I: `) q1 C7 f7 q! u, w
159. The fast; e- O6 l' C, O1 g9 o- B
a) Fast of moral pressure
0 ^1 a1 l B! l. ?5 w b) Hunger strike# K; ?! S$ v) x. y( ~
c) Satyagrahic fast. Z3 U+ ]6 I9 z* A1 y7 k. D7 J5 [
160. Reverse trial
2 }. p8 V' Q% Y% U( k! \7 ^, W 161. Nonviolent harassment- x4 ?; Y% U& k S( w0 R3 T; f+ A
: ]* F; w7 _: H+ nPhysical Intervention6 ?1 h! y7 E; A( z1 @
162. Sit-in
) D, v! A" J- R, i( l8 ^ 163. Stand-in
; v, W! R+ |5 p" H `2 ^" b1 r+ m- } 164. Ride-in
0 U E! \/ i( X) m7 { O 165. Wade-in" I1 o* A* G2 E- l
166. Mill-in9 F n! U$ Y0 I* l; U# n7 {6 i
167. Pray-in1 l! g: [) I9 `# E( o3 r; }/ N
168. Nonviolent raids
! {4 X4 f: w4 g' c 169. Nonviolent air raids
' q- E" E6 s' W" d6 J" Y 170. Nonviolent invasion
8 `$ f* e: I" i3 f' R5 W/ B 171. Nonviolent interjection1 f' J$ \6 v. f6 t7 ], o
172. Nonviolent obstruction8 ~- v& m& N* R. Q: _) o, \9 M
173. Nonviolent occupation. H- t& n! b( A+ p$ m! s4 h
G9 X( i8 h1 s& z. \Social Intervention2 s4 V( [+ q& N8 I* Q
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 q' H2 Y7 L7 ] 175. Overloading of facilities. N4 f& c$ d% P8 l5 Y
176. Stall-in9 V& S* I/ s# O1 J, E
177. Speak-in
0 q5 t& @: ?) t# g X# ?, L3 O 178. Guerrilla theater' M% E. E, T; Q) e
179. Alternative social institutions
. D% p) g5 d% y 180. Alternative communication system
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* H! r, Z# A5 h _Economic Intervention/ {- k! O* E/ ~, W& }+ M; B
181. Reverse strike
& N! n% ?) X7 L- F% X- S 182. Stay-in strike
2 r1 a0 z+ z4 U; l. I: ` 183. Nonviolent land seizure
" \- e0 z. [! P4 [* e3 D+ r4 l 184. Defiance of blockades/ {; P" V( J$ @5 m
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( B8 A B v9 _ 186. Preclusive purchasing6 @4 f- E3 e) u+ P, H4 L. Z6 U
187. Seizure of assets
6 J$ R u6 f C 188. Dumping
; ~6 v9 k! y6 \; }- Q) b 189. Selective patronage- C0 K" I9 z1 {( e$ w
190. Alternative markets# B5 O7 U5 j) s; H5 } P
191. Alternative transportation systems& P, L3 f7 ~4 Q0 z; }
192. Alternative economic institutions) f/ a! g5 }4 L
. q( }5 h% h9 Q+ \
Political Intervention
" a5 m8 j- Y. ~! K 193. Overloading of administrative systems
' `8 w2 H* J1 D; f' x( k3 G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ O2 Q z$ i; a& V5 u/ U) J; h+ t0 L( @! Q
195. Seeking imprisonment [7 k; V- Y- r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- \3 S& G* D# d0 V) u0 f0 O 197. Work-on without collaboration0 ], w, ?% [; o" m& d
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 n& h7 @3 Y% C. H
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
