 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ g0 G! `2 M- k3 U' F7 j. M# AFormal Statements$ }$ c; M: {* `& v+ {
1. Public Speeches
4 s7 _0 i" Z2 F' h* W8 m 2. Letters of opposition or support
/ B6 [) }! K9 n1 y; U+ i 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* P' n i. z& A* U; K4 K1 W) [ 4. Signed public statements, S$ G6 m7 \- K$ B
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" a' v% r8 T2 E6 g; g, B6 H 6. Group or mass petitions# t7 W8 k/ E5 U% V
2 U& r- \! Q& }5 U. CCommunications with a Wider Audience3 V# A7 n- ~2 P, K7 c/ d# u
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* P- p7 M! W ?) w 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ [7 z5 y9 ^1 A$ U. X/ x
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
U8 a+ u$ s5 v$ i1 x6 X& ~& t; y 10. Newspapers and journals- K8 W1 T% [1 {1 D7 x7 j
11. Records, radio, and television
8 m+ z8 X0 u- l( m% K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 A: u( x. F) E" g }# ~1 {& s, _6 U
( Y( l- u5 ~8 }* ?6 W; A9 M! b3 h1 _Group Representations
3 b0 k8 N1 c6 ~) z, `/ D6 X% Q" c( E 13. Deputations
( H1 c# f9 Z# ?7 {2 K 14. Mock awards7 o$ e( Q5 L1 F' J- y( ^
15. Group lobbying
- j/ _" P2 n" f; p9 k! \ 16. Picketing
H* v/ r" X" u' K; p 17. Mock elections8 X" s0 |1 X% ^0 C+ g$ c
_5 v# j/ x* _/ _4 x! USymbolic Public Acts* ]* F0 ]: x0 `) z: x6 F. X; s, R
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: ~ @2 ?0 }3 K& K
19. Wearing of symbols, ^$ s7 V1 P' j% |5 c. v6 ]
20. Prayer and worship
9 x" Q' ]: |3 U" z& c 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 I( L6 q% @$ B# p! |6 Y O 22. Protest disrobings9 P7 c; R3 k1 F& t, q" }
23. Destruction of own property
* F7 s, r" y' j 24. Symbolic lights" k* X7 s& U7 O, _
25. Displays of portraits
# f p9 D/ R, ]/ S% T 26. Paint as protest
1 y \& L9 ?" y* m7 L" F# M 27. New signs and names: c) c' f! o R+ _+ O- p) U, X, k& D7 ?
28. Symbolic sounds8 P# D% u' \' m
29. Symbolic reclamations
7 ]7 k9 i* _7 K* r! S( I8 _3 Z 30. Rude gestures1 ~, \* w. A/ @6 g
5 k4 i3 [, |- j% H- v) r' j5 k
Pressures on Individuals
- c' O: a- v0 G. S8 _7 ]3 ~ 31. “Haunting” officials
1 M; r4 b- J8 e) ^8 [. T% ^$ E 32. Taunting officials
' H8 j0 x' X" x- U2 I4 Z/ {3 R4 X 33. Fraternization0 m$ O2 q9 F: s9 c
34. Vigils6 I1 j ~3 ^! V: s
9 k/ ^- R7 L8 JDrama and Music9 ?) R0 r7 G7 l, o8 K3 f3 h
35. Humorous skits and pranks
# G& [ E! @3 k, V% k 36. Performances of plays and music
- ^' j; w- B. y' m* g3 G) i 37. Singing
6 X {/ q7 P. E0 K% H! h3 }
7 j" k3 `7 \8 E/ JProcessions
6 s) m! @$ A, @( W/ G 38. Marches
! c+ _ s4 ]" X 39. Parades7 E8 I# X5 {8 g* n% e0 H9 w
40. Religious processions1 Q/ Z2 r/ c/ F& `) V' s9 k2 U+ w% W
41. Pilgrimages
. i8 h) I8 ?( \5 V- C( a! a" ` 42. Motorcades& I, R' }0 ?/ O2 E3 W
; w# k! m) g' M4 l: z9 NHonoring the Dead# O5 r; ^9 J2 |
43. Political mourning% I3 R: K$ d* c* J; P+ g
44. Mock funerals5 @4 F% A! R- C! r: ~
45. Demonstrative funerals, R# \9 y7 q/ {9 ^# L
46. Homage at burial places9 g, w6 |, T% q3 L, q! f% w
* v f' d: A- F0 c; ?
Public Assemblies. H9 n; |: j5 ^% X" s0 \3 }0 m
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 u3 r) P5 V3 g9 F 48. Protest meetings
% X# o4 g' i4 F8 X% b0 L 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# W9 w& n- p0 M4 A
50. Teach-ins3 f/ M H& J: i; c+ t1 _ }
3 ]( _$ t. h7 y e( _. X
Withdrawal and Renunciation# s( e ]# Q7 ]$ w) P4 J$ C m$ v
51. Walk-outs
- D& s$ c2 |! s/ e3 x 52. Silence$ i7 ~- C# J, i7 U0 i3 j% b
53. Renouncing honors1 G/ x7 S$ _5 y7 U# {
54. Turning one’s back I" w+ K s3 H- ]6 Z" A7 \
" O1 D% U7 l0 t! c7 a0 l ! I" A2 x/ N; d
1 o# M& y6 c7 O+ ]+ C0 J ^
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 X* }5 t4 l a- u
; e* K/ g6 T4 T7 a$ V# A6 h+ q" ZOstracism of Persons6 H) E- i! f7 Q
55. Social boycott
* m) t0 u1 V. ~- M- K 56. Selective social boycott
! d9 t# U' W M, L f 57. Lysistratic nonaction5 W3 Y& q% S$ r- B6 R7 n3 u
58. Excommunication
+ B' e1 E* b6 A 59. Interdict
) O8 O- B. ^( F* M6 A6 ?5 x( q+ m, g8 l+ J) }. M3 Z7 l A" c5 z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ A+ `( t+ c0 ~ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. R8 ~( I3 T- H1 \ L! w) _ 61. Boycott of social affairs5 S @# j! a! Y6 K/ a# O
62. Student strike
; O: ?9 N% z6 p2 }9 d, M1 J8 B. j5 F3 x 63. Social disobedience
8 q0 y/ }* p/ Q, n4 H7 [( I 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- i* a- R% _$ f3 J" @4 P+ g: M F2 x4 ? H
Withdrawal from the Social System
/ o9 V9 ~4 o2 y- p$ t7 r 65. Stay-at-home
. F6 G1 k4 H- a4 c8 A; u3 }! k4 S 66. Total personal noncooperation% ?2 v5 z/ ?# J. `/ ]5 E! R9 i
67. “Flight” of workers5 o/ E" i7 [4 ^5 T8 l% q$ m2 e6 H/ J" H
68. Sanctuary; }& x' x3 O) l' M0 \
69. Collective disappearance9 t3 p8 ?: W2 j& {/ t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat) A c/ V7 }6 M+ ?. ]
5 G. M) ]2 t1 k6 g5 Z8 N
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers) S: u8 u" s, B% z% A! o' H
71. Consumers’ boycott1 D4 W1 Q% i* ?, i" D# l+ ?
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 [7 v: o- s" d, } 73. Policy of austerity
$ {) ?% x2 t' z 74. Rent withholding0 X$ o) D1 n" h F7 t! b
75. Refusal to rent# s( Z, K( \0 ^1 L9 |
76. National consumers’ boycott
6 f3 u8 f3 M$ | 77. International consumers’ boycott' a5 _2 U% c& C& W4 X. N. G! S, n
1 C4 z5 _$ U3 v
Action by Workers and Producers
/ {* l( Q& P& Y3 ^# g+ [ 78. Workmen’s boycott
4 ?8 W. c+ |6 r 79. Producers’ boycott, \+ w* ^# }6 }
3 B/ l4 _ q' i& E9 W, k/ m5 a
Action by Middlemen
9 r, n; U. T# W6 ]% D5 ]: f* } 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 U: h/ l% [, Q# f
$ P5 ]9 \1 g2 u; }) kAction by Owners and Management
0 g- P |& Y5 L. |% X! r/ B 81. Traders’ boycott
* a! u7 k# B5 g& m# L8 P4 o 82. Refusal to let or sell property' Z( n9 Y: }3 E& `/ T$ W4 `# M8 b
83. Lockout' x& A2 m0 L+ w
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ G7 k; z; \0 ~- I 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
) Z2 ~. F4 q N2 G9 K0 m A1 |" K2 z' r
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" J* @; ^, ~& H6 i7 n+ z2 j 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 h3 F9 ?" F" V 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: p% X+ b' O, [: x: v2 [8 `5 t 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. D2 p6 t0 G h* r 89. Severance of funds and credit2 U, T) P6 U \: K5 [9 ^
90. Revenue refusal
: G1 s3 g6 Q# S' n1 e 91. Refusal of a government’s money% W5 M X: O) d4 l Y8 s1 F
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Action by Governments
5 I1 z: P! D) H% m' b H/ ] 92. Domestic embargo
; {0 C7 N8 @: p# a 93. Blacklisting of traders
: y& k7 V% ]5 k. ` 94. International sellers’ embargo: E: M2 @5 w6 @0 V4 B
95. International buyers’ embargo. S% B6 r, h- h( l
96. International trade embargo4 J! X, V- X- h& O; V6 \$ K" L5 p
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9 x5 q" A# C% V' \, PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- ?8 H' \" A5 d, {) h
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* K- Q" a8 o6 a$ P3 A( YSymbolic Strikes9 Q0 k' d+ J2 S& k& r
97. Protest strike( `3 G% M% c2 Y" f" ?* m0 o- `
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; x9 j& g* D9 v7 Q+ K3 U. A' B. H/ P0 a
Agricultural Strikes
! u. R2 `" i+ u3 g& u1 Z4 n/ u: M 99. Peasant strike
! {1 g/ ~* r1 _: O2 W9 L6 C 100. Farm Workers’ strike. N5 n. J8 ?! Z N
6 G# T: |% A; l8 U( C
Strikes by Special Groups
+ T' S/ H+ Y2 B* v4 u 101. Refusal of impressed labor
?8 Y x$ ~" x9 u' t7 R7 D 102. Prisoners’ strike* ?8 d* `4 J5 P8 k [! U8 Z% V
103. Craft strike- A- y4 c7 L1 X" z" e# e
104. Professional strike
( U# @! R1 g9 ?; B* L0 a, u& f% N
/ O' e9 K; V& J# X5 ?. b3 MOrdinary Industrial Strikes+ d: P( T( j3 C' {9 f, g. l2 x$ B
105. Establishment strike: o% C/ b5 m$ }% V
106. Industry strike
3 l- d' r4 [" c: f7 { | h 107. Sympathetic strike% g- s. |/ h1 f
3 O* c6 k6 s: H2 l P, e9 }9 BRestricted Strikes
2 v: N1 H8 @* v4 C! _7 J' Z# | 108. Detailed strike
. d8 z9 b+ N9 i( T9 \- {6 ^- U 109. Bumper strike+ [1 c5 ~0 T# ~$ t0 {
110. Slowdown strike
& x1 [6 V, p# b 111. Working-to-rule strike! q2 l8 k. J [( ^
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 y, D) v% G& d1 |1 }9 w 113. Strike by resignation: \( S( B! x# g: D. R
114. Limited strike* D" G( F0 n; J! K1 t
115. Selective strike
. q7 `1 j& q% \$ b& f0 J. d% J; b3 u6 C$ u. G" c7 O8 }
Multi-Industry Strikes
6 Q' p. c1 O' s( n# a9 l+ y! Z/ A! ]1 z0 l+ J3 d3 u" W* f
116. Generalized strike
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- s( M0 E! U0 F% K3 ^$ F 117. General strike
8 b' X3 X, [$ s6 C2 k* {' i
. {' ~2 q. E: p# a% o* h7 KCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 B1 t. G s# i6 J! }2 }1 R$ D' {' [2 y' L5 R i0 J8 e
118. Hartal4 q1 U* n* E, M9 q" b; M! n
2 r7 q& L" n: S, n6 E$ H
119. Economic shutdown2 ?/ D! W- L* a+ Z/ n
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( P* g. ]& o4 i$ l% }1 ITHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ E2 `: A4 e# R. `5 d: O1 W. J& V
Rejection of Authority
) t# s( Z, x4 T5 J4 s 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! t. f9 d9 Q/ k' |0 T# M 121. Refusal of public support
7 J- w5 f, S2 X: f1 S6 Z5 ^ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% d2 {! Y8 m0 B3 K" _( \$ Q4 s+ F
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government' F) E4 c9 o% V0 [' H- U, G+ E ^
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 ?# e: h1 |# B, R) g( j3 b
124. Boycott of elections1 x5 b1 W) j& T; b6 u7 V
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 `: g- Z* G/ T% g0 V9 h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 V' W3 P2 ~; T- k8 l7 Y) Z$ c6 a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 N! o, ]5 W- ]$ H& B
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' v2 G, c% g: `+ h
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 {& p% x: J7 f. P. i* v& V! A
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ V) w* O) z. g9 v( y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
: }9 N& L4 R1 z' n7 o0 s 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: X N% Y# k# A8 e6 f
7 Q! H% T H# ACitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, h3 Q! I' k( y5 z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ ~2 {' u0 Q. P. ~. A& Y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' k9 V% M/ f, L. i& V+ h& Z9 L 135. Popular nonobedience+ {5 O& |0 V& m+ f m% o: K0 k* g; F
136. Disguised disobedience. s* T3 G9 G; A; ~
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: _, T# ]1 y& m, M. e, @' T
138. Sitdown4 [% R1 w. h3 x5 o2 j
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 @1 w/ {+ U1 R$ Y8 Q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 l f, ?$ f7 y. i& `4 E! d3 p9 R 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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& B0 J; U$ V% a, j- O; m) V8 EAction by Government Personnel4 n1 }4 T# Q" B# G
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( V. a$ R" ]4 I2 B9 ]8 `6 V
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) c+ W, C8 K/ a% I5 t4 k 144. Stalling and obstruction3 ?' m( u' h) _
145. General administrative noncooperation0 `2 _2 C. Z8 R6 v8 ]
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146. Judicial noncooperation9 W. V2 G) H/ |
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 ]) }% N; s$ c. t7 u& l+ b1 N
148. Mutiny/ l* P# `; t( `+ u/ I) i
Domestic Governmental Action0 ~; d% e' T. [" `1 u7 N/ Q" J
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 ~& c6 Z5 i: F$ X; l/ \ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: Y( L+ E* V1 X( d- T
/ g' K- P4 J3 y
International Governmental Action, Q7 D3 M8 N( G! J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' q6 C% C, b2 ^: J+ _4 @, m7 x: O
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& X% T6 @, e9 s; a) E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ e+ ^/ i; M3 Q7 F2 w
154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 T# P b, u2 a3 V. B( f, W9 E
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% D* m" C1 U5 H* R: N: g( U
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' o/ d' w) v6 c) C# p4 {$ d; s5 l0 | 157. Expulsion from international organizations, D$ q% `; h; U; V7 V9 |
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4 t4 m) ^, n9 a' E2 UTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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" y4 z0 O& t) P- n p. ePsychological Intervention- m: S! H+ h5 P
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' Q4 k" U. m, [ 159. The fast
! [7 |8 j m8 |+ k9 M; ]7 L4 @1 ] a) Fast of moral pressure+ F7 G _2 i& r9 u1 I5 j
b) Hunger strike
- D$ w, N; y0 A& L9 n5 p2 G! B: H c) Satyagrahic fast `" x& t: e6 F
160. Reverse trial
4 c2 M# F8 v8 B& V7 r 161. Nonviolent harassment2 P1 a$ i3 f2 c% T% h' t& q- l
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Physical Intervention
/ M" q* ?/ Q" V1 U# r 162. Sit-in
6 r' P4 ^$ {! o2 ~6 O- |7 Z2 ?. v 163. Stand-in* y4 e J1 |3 b4 L
164. Ride-in
: k' d% k) F% R0 a" s 165. Wade-in
$ r6 {' O ~) Z P" d! P. j 166. Mill-in
: x+ x' H4 y; \1 U 167. Pray-in$ s& T1 w" b2 J6 U# r; S, ]8 t
168. Nonviolent raids3 A& i; ]" [+ Q# U% q
169. Nonviolent air raids
_& J% ~+ V' C2 s 170. Nonviolent invasion* B) T) n `: L$ G
171. Nonviolent interjection
0 J; d; x# @3 `1 W 172. Nonviolent obstruction) E9 ?" N8 B, m! g# S
173. Nonviolent occupation6 W& y: H2 r' B: t& G* F
( p7 X8 B* g; eSocial Intervention
" J* H7 t: N- I) p 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ }+ y$ U! g: R/ b 175. Overloading of facilities
8 z: Q% ?2 v1 a( L 176. Stall-in! \0 [$ c! [* S M# j; U6 G& f- d
177. Speak-in
' I. N) D! J9 E 178. Guerrilla theater
1 V4 v* P, x& @! e" A4 o 179. Alternative social institutions6 Y- f G+ |! w! Q
180. Alternative communication system" K5 d" t5 }6 c; p+ e* N
5 e* A4 r+ b- B7 d! |- h5 j
Economic Intervention7 K1 i$ n5 ^! W, M
181. Reverse strike" x U8 A) m) t# H( c
182. Stay-in strike5 f6 a) W+ p& F# _
183. Nonviolent land seizure) A4 w: p8 V2 v
184. Defiance of blockades
! w5 z* e3 x4 _9 d 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# F" A; ~3 a7 B" o$ l8 {' @
186. Preclusive purchasing
" ]$ {/ a- @- q6 ~ 187. Seizure of assets, Y' P7 G/ x8 ]
188. Dumping8 M% q# c( E4 O$ v$ R
189. Selective patronage, z, K8 g. e1 W# t# b2 X6 i) y" j. O3 r6 S
190. Alternative markets: U0 L# a1 I- c0 E1 _
191. Alternative transportation systems
, J0 r) i4 T% y7 }" m& k; Z& U6 T 192. Alternative economic institutions7 D! k( Y* ]+ v$ {) b! P
9 q: N+ o8 N0 h8 C) R. ~
Political Intervention% o* E- p- a$ Z4 h5 [, I; o/ n/ b; T
193. Overloading of administrative systems
E+ z2 k. c5 ?# E, f, c& e4 \ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, l+ O6 i8 a4 N+ I: a' ^" I
195. Seeking imprisonment2 i- M1 R0 [. O/ u4 V
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& o* L$ d _- D; N u 197. Work-on without collaboration4 d* }2 \; J2 p. g5 S. ]3 k% B1 P
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
