 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: x9 O4 V0 y$ \! UFormal Statements6 t, i9 Q( I4 f" ~
1. Public Speeches1 \$ b8 B6 i4 K# |& _$ [
2. Letters of opposition or support+ w2 K" B5 h1 Y- V5 U$ {7 V
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
' n% T2 K9 k6 W& \7 u+ F" l5 N 4. Signed public statements" x# W9 ?- S9 s2 |% C1 w
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" t3 T/ k# G, O! R4 w% i* I 6. Group or mass petitions4 \; `3 A5 W2 X8 L. k. ^( `9 ?6 k6 ~
2 t, \' [5 X# B5 Q0 |Communications with a Wider Audience. G9 F. F T5 N3 Y1 I8 l/ R0 o: d5 ]$ l
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 ^- }; C. A4 B* G
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# O( o! |$ C" N. m2 z8 ~- ^ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 |! F% o$ M$ @3 W! V& u
10. Newspapers and journals2 K" V$ C4 Q6 ?. x5 L d# y( g
11. Records, radio, and television% l/ Q. \3 y0 g; p+ n9 f$ i
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! p% T Q" M0 ~4 Q
7 R: ^9 Q# w; R JGroup Representations, [8 v# Y5 D# N$ q9 K E4 _
13. Deputations
% M; ?0 c5 D: N# Z: Z4 `" w, Q; o 14. Mock awards
) E: C7 R. Y+ }4 Y: R1 ?3 B 15. Group lobbying
4 A2 c# E; Q' [' ?( _ 16. Picketing
1 R% W, }/ [! e' h4 h& J/ n+ [ 17. Mock elections& S+ E) I6 t/ W" n' x6 c
3 x2 m ]5 {! h6 S( N% U6 Y8 a9 ZSymbolic Public Acts% J8 c, e0 N; @( L
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 g( R$ d' ~ Z k1 E
19. Wearing of symbols) q8 S9 l. y0 e5 N- m8 M
20. Prayer and worship
) ?( t9 z0 s' N7 z 21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ w( r- T0 v, d- w 22. Protest disrobings
9 v0 }" ?" N# \( D! } M7 k0 N3 } 23. Destruction of own property
! i" C' ]; j5 Z- F5 p 24. Symbolic lights: X2 q3 C) U% ]! O
25. Displays of portraits
! E' m! r! J# V) d8 I' ^" | 26. Paint as protest
9 G5 ]1 a8 \/ v, t0 X9 Q% t 27. New signs and names$ A k# ?+ c. H6 S% x2 U' @
28. Symbolic sounds9 S4 @& c7 ?' R, k- X; m
29. Symbolic reclamations3 l- V. P5 z) t; Q' y" q3 z
30. Rude gestures7 p6 ?* r0 r, `! c" P$ z8 \0 F
% z& T- |, j; {" t; i" j0 z" A/ p# Z
Pressures on Individuals) q$ {( V: `$ D2 s* F
31. “Haunting” officials
; k; f' P4 M! Z! u$ D, V0 C: M 32. Taunting officials) o2 b4 \( A& s( v2 {2 _
33. Fraternization8 O% C+ R/ {7 ^7 q
34. Vigils$ m" F. R1 |% v7 D8 ? S
& I4 N$ A. _) }1 @ mDrama and Music T+ M x6 O# E4 X' S
35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 e! v/ m! C0 Z" y 36. Performances of plays and music
* M- G0 h+ k8 w: Z- T! E 37. Singing8 A. v- @: V7 o# |, R0 A
! J6 b- h8 t d$ Q' N" b( R
Processions
8 W' m. v9 E/ v% Z' S8 g 38. Marches2 g8 g7 N$ n8 O
39. Parades
1 k( k9 i6 u4 K1 W* R 40. Religious processions
. z6 O* Y, A& Z6 ? 41. Pilgrimages ^1 w2 R* R K' D0 R
42. Motorcades# ^" F1 e7 t; }
# D8 d% n2 w2 uHonoring the Dead
& V5 |$ D8 d3 u" f4 O0 D$ N 43. Political mourning6 a# K- i I8 a! C8 y. S' t
44. Mock funerals
, M4 {, w* s3 i. D! Z6 o 45. Demonstrative funerals
) q6 [. i# B% p" z, q8 \ 46. Homage at burial places( K! O3 |1 ?& K' ]5 M
* f+ F" E! c( m$ N5 NPublic Assemblies
6 ^0 R$ c; c9 o7 W 47. Assemblies of protest or support/ u& B3 \& x3 m
48. Protest meetings
6 N# H7 O$ ]2 W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ Z V6 N( x. R
50. Teach-ins: A2 S; N: c" a; `! l4 _( x
7 z9 j$ D, ^7 a1 QWithdrawal and Renunciation
4 c) I9 H! ?5 A. V1 V" l9 [; L 51. Walk-outs$ D1 I( f% G* _7 b2 {( B
52. Silence
. `$ p$ j) @7 ]9 U) O, P 53. Renouncing honors
( a, ?) C. c( T# Y& z1 V6 o ?- Z 54. Turning one’s back" V) f4 c! Q- r( `' H
0 D- j6 R+ i& r/ r2 @$ B# M
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" ]. P8 j2 P' w5 s$ R
- L: n2 {. I7 ^& l 7 D" k" p- p2 s9 u) L6 Z- w
' R; t% x: A) m" H* m, }5 ~) B+ ^+ SOstracism of Persons0 O: v6 C& t' y) m/ T
55. Social boycott
+ M# M; j6 B7 J 56. Selective social boycott
$ W" O* \ u# k: f/ T 57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 H) N1 H6 O7 D' d' G" p 58. Excommunication9 P( T7 X6 c; n3 K. }4 z4 ?
59. Interdict
& \& `9 i$ c* {( Z9 _" M( ^, c3 ^) q0 }4 ^
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
T" x: {5 y* s! b/ V4 M 60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ B, N0 e% s( D
61. Boycott of social affairs
* |+ _4 B% \, U m) n 62. Student strike
# d) R0 L- b3 X5 k! ? 63. Social disobedience4 w' v9 ~# V+ e8 _
64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 }2 z& U, B) Y9 r4 O5 P9 V f
/ s/ w h$ ]9 J% I% eWithdrawal from the Social System+ F7 m# W- L+ y
65. Stay-at-home
, h* ^4 ^( _- l: z3 q9 z 66. Total personal noncooperation3 Z6 P; A% e; A3 A" r
67. “Flight” of workers) c6 l" F$ Q' A+ ^
68. Sanctuary
3 ]6 r* n7 P9 I: |& `" X- S8 Q 69. Collective disappearance
" C0 h/ g- V8 U' O$ L" k1 L: h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 S3 V& |% ]& \9 [1 Q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) }- N4 [7 n3 A& i7 L' s
$ @2 Q5 d1 [" F; p' x9 \+ ]
+ r6 M7 J2 e" u8 tActions by Consumers
, ?$ F) x- z% t" c8 O 71. Consumers’ boycott+ J8 P+ c J- ~. l8 L0 Q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) b0 F) O' M% ^* l3 F0 e 73. Policy of austerity
$ Y% `6 Z' A# c( A3 R) ?5 b 74. Rent withholding5 O- m+ b* M" L$ G' |; f# E
75. Refusal to rent
" D2 Y/ M: u# ~& g* e8 @ 76. National consumers’ boycott: ~: R: N% O& c$ U
77. International consumers’ boycott
0 d- I" { a* ~! }- j# A
" L6 ^- k( f7 q9 l1 Z4 {4 s5 B2 AAction by Workers and Producers" \8 {; k3 ?/ I6 H5 \% q, \1 c
78. Workmen’s boycott
- l" U$ s e1 u; z* c' }1 V 79. Producers’ boycott* k) @. S$ w$ z( c" s5 u7 v
7 o3 Z# ~' J6 m5 E8 a5 O1 @' tAction by Middlemen5 ~; G9 o' _1 N" i' I2 W9 G+ Q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 ]) W+ K. k" o7 m. U
% `2 L5 z2 |5 x* pAction by Owners and Management
& B1 a1 ~9 h9 r' }3 x3 [ 81. Traders’ boycott- e/ T2 |% B" l5 {2 ?7 v
82. Refusal to let or sell property
( k9 L! w& |3 [& }! E% `2 p! f 83. Lockout
9 L" H. R$ Q# h6 U: W9 O0 x' y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ J2 z+ M# e; `& c7 ~6 f 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% c) Z6 _+ r) r7 A
) a* {+ x; n; g9 Z5 V: z) wAction by Holders of Financial Resources) g* W4 }2 c$ N# {
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ M7 R, F/ h$ A3 u; X) c6 \ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( e6 e4 b! e6 F2 }7 W 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, Z' k2 P0 B1 _& T. {4 ?" }# W
89. Severance of funds and credit2 T+ \) W1 y, N5 ~. W) w3 @4 P
90. Revenue refusal
- y2 p3 W& q+ L; R1 t% V 91. Refusal of a government’s money
) g8 F: Q6 M3 D- z+ }9 g( w% G/ g L. y) V% f+ K5 |9 T% K x% @) H/ z( x
Action by Governments# `( i4 x5 T9 ?! i. F
92. Domestic embargo
7 F" o3 g/ u! ~7 T) F! _ 93. Blacklisting of traders5 @8 ~5 F. o/ {9 v
94. International sellers’ embargo- \! c+ V- j' g- a
95. International buyers’ embargo6 D: U: T, R4 u4 [1 q+ ^3 J* c. F, L
96. International trade embargo6 v" R6 @6 q# @4 u3 i
: @% N! C% Q4 |3 R. \$ J7 L
3 h( w1 y* L3 p# e* F0 `" o9 r) U6 a, i. U# \7 Z% n' x
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; m7 {, V, G! Y7 Y" m; P7 W
9 Z" j& P g& A7 P; r 5 s9 K" q# c( i# x7 \" P
Symbolic Strikes
* R4 c' H9 ?, ?9 U' N# C 97. Protest strike
2 w8 u4 J- |- K4 @0 {6 y, _) K 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" `! l$ M1 D/ M3 f' b5 @/ V
1 R' u) V/ r" f, \$ M* f% [, JAgricultural Strikes
( i9 h: G( z$ g8 _' E 99. Peasant strike
: b2 F2 v. S9 }, f 100. Farm Workers’ strike& M: v5 V+ W$ ~5 T- A% `
7 [2 p7 g1 m( H* z) V% z
Strikes by Special Groups
% m; [3 {1 l5 b, y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 D* V) M3 x# N) H- t 102. Prisoners’ strike
& W7 n! @' t( ?! x' g; ~5 F/ {& ?5 { 103. Craft strike6 W2 F9 l& k2 G) g
104. Professional strike8 O4 X8 B# B/ {" t9 Y5 p9 L/ d
# c( |- Y/ s% {5 x
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) z. \( _7 A" t 105. Establishment strike
p' ^) w. G, N6 b% J 106. Industry strike
6 h# Y/ r- j; S( {) b8 Q2 D# h! e 107. Sympathetic strike
3 ]! M9 Q, A; e$ [
3 A" a. ?, b& ^* ?* V! O3 `4 T' U# aRestricted Strikes
& I" L1 Z% j Q7 R9 t 108. Detailed strike6 W- ` G- e% s( r) P2 [, u; c
109. Bumper strike
9 P. k5 ^% Y0 J* y$ E 110. Slowdown strike
2 s- ]/ z0 J$ E/ a 111. Working-to-rule strike
3 O0 x D q9 m4 R9 R 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: z) d/ w, w# f' s8 q' f9 D! J 113. Strike by resignation
$ l/ S5 S' H# z# U R- c( x/ r0 e5 d 114. Limited strike
! S4 U4 Y8 N/ `/ p3 ~% G 115. Selective strike
7 L& n% V9 M3 Y1 H" V4 M% }
4 A7 S" t4 u3 r7 Q. b. lMulti-Industry Strikes1 {2 @: k7 O" {' g4 F4 f/ W
: }! i0 i1 x# A. U s 116. Generalized strike& R O ]+ } @6 A4 q
# R R' h, X8 w# g- }5 \8 x0 q/ `4 H
117. General strike4 Y8 H8 X" B; G! x: J
5 u7 [* L8 i# x$ S! ~; J0 vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures. a" e% D" Q& x* T. B
* v$ q) \2 B2 V5 G% I9 x 118. Hartal
2 F3 |4 g4 P" ^% @% x/ y- T, s' d! o& f( A/ }- ~) ~
119. Economic shutdown
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! ~; m1 Y' A3 I, K+ J0 ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ [6 \# g* k: Q& p- b
" c2 M0 k `7 ]1 ^$ `& N
% K4 A& p. l8 T7 t' [9 ?Rejection of Authority
8 H$ e+ z' T# M5 _. E 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
n- F$ U8 o" I 121. Refusal of public support
9 I3 @! ~3 V0 R8 `1 J1 @ L 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& `4 \8 T$ s+ B' X4 v
* {9 R/ i' [6 I& o7 F J$ f
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 F/ p! z2 Z+ L) j6 w9 L8 W 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, e" G* k" X! I. I& e 124. Boycott of elections
# x7 i9 V( ] t3 ^: \9 I( \' f 125. Boycott of government employment and positions Y1 k2 R, W; w9 z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: f* N c, F% z! n/ x7 Z: y! Z/ i
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 u0 \) d8 B# v1 L7 e 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' j" z: x# W2 m X
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- [& N4 F) ~ g# @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* j) V, y# i! A) g, @' I1 Z
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- {% [+ f3 k+ k0 A7 q; T: g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" ]$ U% _# E, m8 H
: o, B& d" v/ [( h8 S" c! NCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 }' v Z% w& u x' U4 D6 L
133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 t) @8 t4 J2 [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 b1 C! n6 v% m6 s# [
135. Popular nonobedience
* O8 E- Z% ~* }6 g1 b 136. Disguised disobedience( I' x; v. m+ p- z' h
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
, y& b; I2 |( L& e5 J+ r8 W 138. Sitdown
* ^. i: ?. ~+ b' I9 d1 c- P 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! D* `8 k) W2 g" L
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 M7 M+ [9 p! d! m! C, i3 ^. q* m
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: z" G6 n! T6 o1 \
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Action by Government Personnel
- E, C, s4 a: f5 F9 { 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! ]; i# k- o9 o/ p5 R2 R 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 E! V0 G" W1 |4 a [3 v8 Y 144. Stalling and obstruction
# T. O2 e% c5 P. p0 e" o 145. General administrative noncooperation
0 s0 Y, E) [: K, e7 k- }1 j. {8 k% F* }* @
146. Judicial noncooperation
7 a! }5 g6 n7 c3 y' T/ D' o. I. F5 q* i 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 e$ o/ {/ ~; {
148. Mutiny7 z: {. \" y }; F
Domestic Governmental Action g# c$ h' H' v% [- X
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
g7 X% T) \: ` 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; S3 F" Y. `! Q
' e& O, n+ @5 F5 M% _: FInternational Governmental Action
0 \+ Y, G+ _" x' Z5 _' O. H" Y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 e( m1 b8 `1 o6 S, e1 j 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- h) j' w+ g( ^! L; t v' ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. P/ b m+ Z& m. ]4 l5 t% s" z; T6 i 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, Z7 n' [( r& s% ] 155. Withdrawal from international organizations' B# L7 Y" C. }6 H( ~0 u% A
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. E. ]( }: L6 I 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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' o4 b. g5 K# T/ m3 Y; X
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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! T) W( L6 y5 \9 `% D7 s9 N& H5 G1 vPsychological Intervention% @$ L0 m$ { |, N* _
158. Self-exposure to the elements
* t! Z4 V2 b6 I. q! O+ j& w 159. The fast
^5 R8 s; j# l" `" [) p( U ~ a) Fast of moral pressure
( ?' a( q) ? P* ]* [8 i9 r/ x9 a b) Hunger strike
?; D+ X9 C2 f7 H c) Satyagrahic fast
0 o6 Y! \+ H2 ?8 ~# q- i 160. Reverse trial
. k" V4 C8 I2 |7 C* j* s 161. Nonviolent harassment
" y3 a: d* e# J4 z1 u. ?# D' S, m$ q" D
4 X$ e' K/ Z1 DPhysical Intervention* V! l& e& Z& J- U* B7 m4 G
162. Sit-in
2 w3 t3 o+ d' R' i! K7 F2 l: g 163. Stand-in$ Y2 B! x8 t" _% X; ^: F7 w
164. Ride-in5 r! z) r U# e: j# k+ d$ I7 n6 ?
165. Wade-in' l% l3 l. j* Z! |6 O. T
166. Mill-in
K4 b( W: @% q2 V, D4 U 167. Pray-in8 x* B* c' z0 o3 I7 Y
168. Nonviolent raids
2 L; S3 m/ C; X/ M 169. Nonviolent air raids
" }1 e% _4 X9 _( @( _, H7 t, \ 170. Nonviolent invasion
3 o1 G- r* I5 V3 D2 h% ~ 171. Nonviolent interjection
/ x& P+ J# ~' ]% f# Y8 X 172. Nonviolent obstruction) _! q1 @3 y5 M! L
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
4 O1 @, J# x+ Y+ l" j, u" `3 P 174. Establishing new social patterns
9 ]- \& E3 z: B3 d 175. Overloading of facilities9 h* M6 e2 L& u8 }
176. Stall-in. i' y! m3 P- L7 Q
177. Speak-in$ G! k! z* a: {- q4 ~8 ]
178. Guerrilla theater
& N' e/ Z/ q/ ^ v/ ~ 179. Alternative social institutions
2 r" g k$ U) U3 W- q# \# J 180. Alternative communication system
# K \, z; e/ ~8 A& [0 B6 T. F. w8 n) Q# p% [, S
Economic Intervention
" Q$ _0 Z1 r2 Z7 p% a9 t* C 181. Reverse strike+ v0 k/ s& o1 O L; r) N5 j
182. Stay-in strike
8 k+ K( \# |6 `" q! C$ T# j I 183. Nonviolent land seizure1 [: D$ U! @9 z; D4 m* u7 L7 C2 `
184. Defiance of blockades
6 f% ~- m- z( I0 { 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 a, `/ N6 o& k; N0 r
186. Preclusive purchasing
7 c- \$ g8 U! Q0 u+ }- M 187. Seizure of assets
% T2 v v" K) @ 188. Dumping2 Z; W% L, w# b8 x4 O
189. Selective patronage' j6 d* \ Q6 n' _' x; Y3 m) E, J
190. Alternative markets1 w6 f7 Q6 B! N" E4 ~
191. Alternative transportation systems
, V. v, X, V( u- I& X2 p+ U 192. Alternative economic institutions
7 H+ J- T# y/ v1 Q( Q! o' C6 F! k- d0 `* @" u- U$ e
Political Intervention5 S. H& b- O# T% L6 n8 q
193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 N0 P. q( H4 ~ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ }) c7 x6 e q! N 195. Seeking imprisonment
3 v+ u7 g+ k2 P9 A8 R; u; A p 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' k: T/ P4 ^1 q
197. Work-on without collaboration) N {! N) h' i7 A
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
