 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 _3 ]% K/ k$ }, k' ]Formal Statements, m) Z* Q# H, f& N, ?
1. Public Speeches7 W! ?5 O) l, E# p4 B
2. Letters of opposition or support$ d' E2 i' h9 P6 k+ h7 e/ X
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! S. W2 P7 c6 t# d- {1 i: I 4. Signed public statements0 `8 {$ m1 X! F: H+ n W% _5 J9 R
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! h9 {* Y( p$ a: a9 h5 A 6. Group or mass petitions
( D0 w( W) N9 b8 f- E2 \4 R: ^) e0 y$ H9 X0 [
Communications with a Wider Audience9 R( ?' C W$ \' b) z; o9 m1 X' D8 A
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: f1 d N2 [( v! l4 R% N# R 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 _( e! n; } `5 Z1 U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% z& E% W/ A6 e
10. Newspapers and journals
2 P# R' s( h4 M; m+ X' o 11. Records, radio, and television
6 X- z: r& Z0 z9 U, B$ q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting; H) p Q. h$ ?2 C
" t7 w& f0 e4 h/ T( PGroup Representations) u1 z2 J- i) o! G# f
13. Deputations) c( R2 Y4 J3 K
14. Mock awards
) o- T8 O# A2 J! C8 s( P9 @ 15. Group lobbying3 ? f, o0 f1 V" [" M1 `
16. Picketing
' j6 P- M/ X( ^* K8 m6 K \ 17. Mock elections
. p( W! d/ X7 X0 W
1 H( N; H5 t5 e' g; q U/ ]Symbolic Public Acts
) B* j6 J: Q; K" y3 {( U) L 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 v" H& r7 W' n! e3 _0 K. u
19. Wearing of symbols* z* m5 _! @4 w( j4 u$ a0 B
20. Prayer and worship- b# u" G0 f2 Y4 N' n5 m, j
21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 T% I# D1 O1 V1 { { 22. Protest disrobings; o% z; a0 G. M) ~+ a1 d7 l1 Z4 L
23. Destruction of own property
! S" v6 b% X( W/ N4 b# K" w9 y 24. Symbolic lights
/ x4 |: k' a+ |" k# N- u 25. Displays of portraits
# g, F1 i, e( Y- u, N 26. Paint as protest, a/ f4 \! P% z5 l' s, v8 N" H
27. New signs and names4 o. V3 O( A8 F5 |8 V9 \
28. Symbolic sounds; w, M' H- {! i7 f5 r+ U- `
29. Symbolic reclamations% r+ T+ B" G( \* S; f( g# G }
30. Rude gestures' P. l+ Q: s* H8 A1 Y' L+ F% f
, ~ g2 \4 N, X1 \9 kPressures on Individuals
1 X- E! U* F1 `7 E" V 31. “Haunting” officials
! T9 m( e% r3 z& ?1 u2 E0 X ]$ T 32. Taunting officials
d, `0 q! l. O% X% m 33. Fraternization; @5 k, E, |0 M% Y) g/ f
34. Vigils
6 w" v; Y/ r- ?1 q3 ^. S$ K2 f3 ^( l2 B: q2 E7 R
Drama and Music
1 O& d. v" G2 X+ n: c 35. Humorous skits and pranks
' C, k- X* D$ g- T. l9 t 36. Performances of plays and music
' |& x7 S& e- _1 T9 N: q+ @( A 37. Singing# e: v& b. h0 e' l) o- r3 b$ j
* y; ~9 [$ M, Y+ ]6 G+ r1 ~Processions
; c$ T: h7 g6 y* ~+ d' B, X1 k 38. Marches
- l# `# j- f) H' d! m- l 39. Parades7 P# e$ w2 h; m" i4 A3 L0 y
40. Religious processions: `$ |7 b+ V7 }. l8 h
41. Pilgrimages2 z' D% D" s, K) E& w" z5 b
42. Motorcades
) ^( w0 N; {* y. a& a$ G; ~+ j1 |9 w/ A3 e# X, p. o. ^; M
Honoring the Dead: G- H+ q, D# F" c
43. Political mourning
# A3 I1 a6 P3 _9 `. w 44. Mock funerals
. e& a1 v; ?3 w; a: | 45. Demonstrative funerals
' N2 V4 R$ W: `, e 46. Homage at burial places
/ e- L6 H; j1 \! }! V8 K9 C7 l& J8 M% W/ Z# l7 R- P
Public Assemblies
3 B" ^% A) l5 d, g6 I- ^ S 47. Assemblies of protest or support
- {' Y2 f* a: m0 ` 48. Protest meetings2 K$ n: u' F* x! O
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' X. f1 ]- r7 E; u z) C* N$ e 50. Teach-ins
0 `$ J7 g' T' U, R0 \5 v I. w6 H
( C: p+ z; s8 y" eWithdrawal and Renunciation9 u1 ?: I1 K3 [8 A
51. Walk-outs
, \& C: b, d- w7 p! S% {5 ] 52. Silence
) _; P- T7 d8 z8 G& W 53. Renouncing honors
1 L6 z* }, z, \3 K$ U# O+ p4 i 54. Turning one’s back: T. w0 u( _, ]; P* X+ v
$ B. v( f' S6 w0 d& X' f2 }9 d
% U: z. a" Z2 m6 B$ _3 z9 u$ [0 _0 `2 {( M+ \& ]( c
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' m }. m% v: v6 q% K s; w2 \4 s0 j. T- Q! E
, w4 I0 \2 ]" n- {7 l( f
+ H1 q& P2 U8 P, DOstracism of Persons# i( ]! L9 v+ u8 R D1 ?0 I3 }, s
55. Social boycott' g2 o( J, O1 w$ J( ?: S
56. Selective social boycott
& j7 B3 t% s, P2 n( y! E3 l7 _ 57. Lysistratic nonaction& B! d5 Y0 h) R7 \1 T
58. Excommunication* n4 n( R$ u. s3 J
59. Interdict
% d- @( x2 {, T2 @$ ?/ c1 G
# u0 _) x T' o# M) U$ ~* G1 INoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ r6 X5 ^& J. I: |+ g: S8 J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities* ~5 [ e+ ~+ N b# C
61. Boycott of social affairs
# j7 \$ _+ I8 w3 \5 k7 [' W* {& D0 i 62. Student strike
# j5 c, d6 z% G7 X; Q8 n 63. Social disobedience
. @! y! x; O3 ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. l$ m9 w3 f7 a7 Y' Y' l4 m: V: h: \9 J
Withdrawal from the Social System, Y0 z; B: a: L+ m; m/ ^9 p+ t
65. Stay-at-home
6 p5 T2 w9 i$ c; @( | 66. Total personal noncooperation
& K0 I& u8 ~' W8 F6 H4 l- Q 67. “Flight” of workers
1 c/ B/ U; T ^ 68. Sanctuary
1 q3 K [9 }# c2 _ 69. Collective disappearance
. s( j/ }: B( z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
# t$ ?- V# ]9 G! h6 H5 e% w' _0 J- [5 Q8 s9 r Y2 D( A! b
1 m# [& s$ H: M
- Y4 P/ p9 o6 A/ @5 @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 T l, Q2 l" w
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& K' K4 r. \) V# ?$ w8 t& a9 M1 f, WActions by Consumers
5 o3 p1 d- a3 ~: z6 E/ ^& x 71. Consumers’ boycott
/ ~8 E; y3 B J! ?, D* W' Y, V: @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ ]5 V4 {, D' t7 n' C' `
73. Policy of austerity
8 w' u( ]" d/ d 74. Rent withholding' U. R' h, N( p+ S( a% k
75. Refusal to rent) K" t+ ~; @& O
76. National consumers’ boycott
" c( ?" V+ f' y" \ 77. International consumers’ boycott% w- V% n: A2 U) N
. Y7 ]/ q: w4 S0 x7 e
Action by Workers and Producers
1 B0 |2 r0 ^8 P5 J% ] 78. Workmen’s boycott
1 T1 f0 m" l4 g# {5 K( ~# | 79. Producers’ boycott9 H6 o* Y% M( e# A' N6 L3 ? [' F
& |2 B0 Z! x* o6 C1 c4 V# LAction by Middlemen$ h' R6 E% ?* n* M- }. H* [
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 ?+ |" h7 Z' v! u: ~% d+ g O) P$ \/ Y3 E
Action by Owners and Management
! r& y [1 j9 P. o7 M( l$ n 81. Traders’ boycott
: O/ w' F- t6 ^$ I9 { 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ l6 N! T9 X' c4 Z' s6 U6 m 83. Lockout/ ^( ]% H; i% @" ?
84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 H7 c; L; p: ^# i- W$ v" v
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" U. p& Z6 ?/ `( [& g/ Z* |% e$ D |
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. ]9 B9 i" W% e# r* T5 K 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ M5 e- P l+ J, I# p4 u0 r( z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. U) }) @" j- u# k6 W; [* K7 k5 s* v+ r
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ B5 h2 [9 ]+ ^
89. Severance of funds and credit
* E1 X& u P3 q' U 90. Revenue refusal
1 o6 @5 I& d8 u2 [ v 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ d4 ?) C t" a( D4 r8 r i+ j! g6 K& {9 \7 S
Action by Governments( w7 P( M( h! e" G8 ~. S# k5 `
92. Domestic embargo
9 C5 P# @" Q; Q3 r, B) @3 N: y' t% ] 93. Blacklisting of traders
' O" R9 W" a( h6 a2 R `" S 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ G2 @6 M4 j% o1 w. c5 W 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 f4 S" h0 }; ^. V& S 96. International trade embargo
4 T, e0 {# N" F3 Z/ y$ ?! X7 k) J) b' h8 V2 l/ `7 h
7 b6 m# `8 \" G. d! `* S6 |9 `
* y2 \- X) t" z! ?7 @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ x1 L4 U4 M0 P) z* q
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Symbolic Strikes- W7 C Z8 q: ]- t+ I) x+ g
97. Protest strike
% k$ a0 @! d" o 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 x$ R; E5 [& } x. g! q2 A/ s6 a3 x" W a) f- j5 \
Agricultural Strikes( }3 y6 X1 S2 v' P/ {7 i8 j
99. Peasant strike
0 s$ m% K1 F/ f% e1 \; H% L 100. Farm Workers’ strike* I1 B2 J4 h0 N' _* d
, g2 R5 `2 [! I4 e2 |
Strikes by Special Groups' ?+ B( Y+ A& X6 F: S
101. Refusal of impressed labor& [, p" m( i0 M$ Q- m$ ^
102. Prisoners’ strike/ ?# x; E* K* `3 I' z& }8 \
103. Craft strike' \' `$ s# P7 ]0 [; C4 r
104. Professional strike
, T- U; m) N- Y' F
8 ~% M; D- n7 G3 F2 g& y6 UOrdinary Industrial Strikes" X C5 L: K* _" O4 `0 d5 s2 r
105. Establishment strike F: C7 A" i8 Z% \; P4 @
106. Industry strike& |+ @! c/ l& u. @
107. Sympathetic strike8 n3 k. L; X7 `! x6 P3 I
' L* {/ t+ t6 o7 h) d0 i8 N
Restricted Strikes& {6 |" a9 y5 \' F3 s+ [
108. Detailed strike0 f5 h6 @) ^" z" M2 Z) o$ I
109. Bumper strike# q9 Z! @5 R5 [5 n
110. Slowdown strike9 Y. \2 ]2 K {
111. Working-to-rule strike2 j7 n( v3 s. }3 d+ N
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 z8 b& A; c( ` ~
113. Strike by resignation
/ \0 [2 u% c5 S% p1 z) J 114. Limited strike
2 B& M* {/ Y- L 115. Selective strike) y) ]. |0 X( z Y2 }
9 K% U: x# `( Y1 o4 h8 \
Multi-Industry Strikes
6 m5 @* f4 R+ M' ]: i$ T- m# T3 \9 l
9 m" D3 E4 @8 Z) T; W0 L3 s 116. Generalized strike' c5 [8 s; R4 K5 u8 J4 {+ k5 w( b
9 T, u5 l& l, t5 _4 N- u2 @ 117. General strike2 G) I/ E. p, s! L& z9 f
) T7 {, S: w9 w4 uCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* ]' \- Y5 r/ i& N% W6 f0 i' B
; N& r. h2 s1 `; j2 _ 118. Hartal
, F3 j" }7 @' ]+ I T8 s( o9 \
) b3 r2 S+ j+ w 119. Economic shutdown/ b% N+ N. g6 F; Z% v$ Q
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6 b' n* Y- F3 g) D) c! C
) J& t8 |& q$ M3 vTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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0 D0 ]) h* j B) F
: ]' x) q( @% n8 |* l9 SRejection of Authority( |$ d/ I1 h) c' s9 i1 ?) X
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% F" J0 c$ B. j9 d- H& S% ~( {, G
121. Refusal of public support
8 H/ i* G4 W2 a( P1 f6 q( B9 b 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 M& L0 [. C/ Z& K6 _# y5 Z' j. y" C3 O! N0 U$ Y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; l3 h) `. w. ]0 C# f0 X 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% j# r& k3 T5 @6 ^5 e' R; c8 m( R 124. Boycott of elections3 Z3 K A2 M2 ~- Z+ h
125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ A3 K! u- P" o. ]
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% T1 R+ i0 c3 @ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ |: H) m2 c+ w; l6 D
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' U5 H9 Z8 o% v) _% t6 t# R8 K
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ ^8 K) s" F' ^0 ^* i$ q 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% K d+ {( |# g
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, I* X/ j& r. p* C9 U! v 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 a+ Z- I v N( y x4 Z1 Q
4 M5 d! S3 Y9 F! FCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, L( c* B! `& o
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 S( Z; c/ d4 [% A" r. _ D$ {/ n 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: m, p' \: A/ q: |5 r; [1 q
135. Popular nonobedience8 y' R8 `9 `2 R: L
136. Disguised disobedience
# k! K8 K. Y: b2 ~ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ P- Q) }3 w! ^7 z1 N' L 138. Sitdown
! m, `0 Y, `! S$ g6 g/ H* h, ? 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
. T2 _; Z" B# G1 P" E" S 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. z2 M" s8 c" W V I! C* v( i" E
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: ]4 h1 d/ v8 m ]) {6 [ h* K
+ O4 C* x1 m5 k! D9 f0 E' i
Action by Government Personnel# W% c# e% M, @$ i, x
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! l3 |) W X- b; I
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( F, _ H) J$ } S- U7 O D
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 K, l/ O. E- c0 R E5 J 145. General administrative noncooperation0 H4 K7 w w9 b3 P& K* l3 n6 J
/ P% I9 W2 B9 d3 |% j- J/ { 146. Judicial noncooperation
* J( q& k: R3 _0 f4 R7 j 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( k& R2 e( n Y' l
148. Mutiny& Q3 L- v: E6 i, x$ L$ N7 ^+ J
Domestic Governmental Action" U5 t8 m5 n# k
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: \* T5 |6 _3 f 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 f$ x* k2 i) U. ^2 a) Z, j7 x \/ N! B! A" U1 s! P
International Governmental Action
9 j0 C, N9 w2 v6 \& X 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations# \' g# A( D `$ @2 A
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ O& p4 ?0 ]9 }% B) r
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; T# e) O, w! V7 N, j; f
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, {! a2 n+ M; ~' b. k5 @1 G# K 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( n- b2 o, X0 y1 q V 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" W! ^. d2 L# q, O. S7 ~
157. Expulsion from international organizations& {# _2 o9 l' z2 L- S& Y
9 ^/ ?0 |9 ^5 ?4 `' A, q 3 M. q' U0 w! A2 i
* k5 M7 n' j9 D& q! J( T1 HTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
) M- ^7 K+ Z3 E4 T% f1 X 158. Self-exposure to the elements) A! r( w8 D7 d6 I* v) I
159. The fast
- y' J$ @$ z- y a) Fast of moral pressure9 p) i/ o7 P: ^- H9 I
b) Hunger strike
6 ^5 |% a! g& S: N, Z7 ?& M5 k/ D9 t6 z c) Satyagrahic fast" F; l. ], s+ H. L4 k$ V
160. Reverse trial/ h- R" z7 O6 e- Q
161. Nonviolent harassment
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1 t! F, |: m. P# ^( ePhysical Intervention. C5 f+ z$ M |
162. Sit-in
+ H- n d( {) w- Q% g 163. Stand-in2 p& s1 y" j8 ^0 n
164. Ride-in
+ ?+ P- u8 q8 T W 165. Wade-in N d1 _& `% Z) N3 X `0 a
166. Mill-in" A9 e0 q5 C, X' k6 H% x: }% i1 c2 C1 k4 _
167. Pray-in" P! }. N8 |8 B
168. Nonviolent raids
" j0 i' a; f/ @ 169. Nonviolent air raids% F: i- f6 |$ c) N$ O9 k! u
170. Nonviolent invasion5 ]$ M; G0 Q5 a$ p3 H8 Y' {8 |: {
171. Nonviolent interjection+ Q9 v4 L8 C* Z! ?. ?2 H- F* w, o4 ?
172. Nonviolent obstruction
" ~2 S: y1 v1 o' d U' O 173. Nonviolent occupation
" `4 |7 q- p, h: g/ V7 T' a0 b* ~# v' ^9 z3 w) z: Q) ?
Social Intervention
- H( r# E: i* O2 Z 174. Establishing new social patterns
; ]1 B0 K2 `3 ~) T4 K9 F, t 175. Overloading of facilities
. Q% [. w3 P+ `9 V 176. Stall-in
4 K6 z6 E. P2 `3 j 177. Speak-in4 [1 c, s( r" V) Y
178. Guerrilla theater6 B7 Y$ P& _6 @
179. Alternative social institutions2 Q9 Q4 e* [- @8 j p
180. Alternative communication system5 h4 f- d' f$ u, t
9 h4 C) K' }5 T+ N" S) z9 |Economic Intervention
' B5 I2 h! [; L 181. Reverse strike$ T( W6 S0 W0 S! a2 i" T. q+ R
182. Stay-in strike% x7 ?3 Q0 ` b# N' o$ D
183. Nonviolent land seizure
- R P3 h! o* V* u 184. Defiance of blockades
. {( |7 |5 n1 g6 W 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 g+ T/ y. X0 H1 j6 M* {( E
186. Preclusive purchasing% X# j6 T0 N' |# g8 \. @ x. A5 K! x
187. Seizure of assets l9 Y a8 E3 T. d" k5 `1 d! c' X8 u
188. Dumping4 N% y0 \) L" M& R# d
189. Selective patronage
' W- M0 U; }' }7 h4 v& b9 O2 b 190. Alternative markets
9 w, ?3 x0 x5 K+ U( j 191. Alternative transportation systems* `: C1 R4 D" o" g4 |
192. Alternative economic institutions
- x, u5 K' U2 V1 g: w0 V4 A1 M4 o% I8 s3 p& u0 B! G# S
Political Intervention
+ F0 @- t, V% b 193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 \+ N) E, \7 c7 e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' j/ x' S6 E( i2 C( x
195. Seeking imprisonment, ?$ W9 O9 X6 w* n
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 h+ N3 f! [' u, u
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 }/ @+ W$ b2 u2 \' Q: d2 X! W6 g 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 O$ `' @( ~! e0 S6 k% b
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
