 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- \2 J5 x3 C7 k. U5 C( ?2 x i
Formal Statements
. q+ `# ]! L! D I' P6 D 1. Public Speeches8 D4 e3 ^; p) B3 K& T. v
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ W& t$ m; q' P5 |4 w$ g 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 ]3 @. A, X1 h$ G7 e4 T 4. Signed public statements
6 D' M' j. q8 b+ m2 w# \$ C* p' g 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 R, @* S) D9 I 6. Group or mass petitions
6 {0 ^3 S$ n$ F" P+ k) y' _- a9 X4 c! S3 f% B) R1 J
Communications with a Wider Audience
# P4 L0 z& D$ z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 M. [( W5 R" ~9 l 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( S! v% v$ c& J* C& i9 ?- k2 j 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& i8 O5 ]8 J5 c9 u
10. Newspapers and journals/ {& d$ u; b$ L8 p
11. Records, radio, and television- H) E7 x; E; Y, b2 O [! b
12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 ]! _9 k9 I5 [, `& V% A
$ r2 }. Z) A% I0 n9 J$ B+ i6 }( v
Group Representations/ r0 U9 E1 _; n: O s0 D! s! b
13. Deputations; g0 U6 j8 _7 k, I, T& w
14. Mock awards
- n( I4 V' d0 c. f 15. Group lobbying
$ g+ J, X. B1 S2 \2 L, T 16. Picketing. d/ W2 Y6 q0 _2 n
17. Mock elections
- ?% B9 q" \; G+ w( Z! _0 t* t" o# J: H: a; L
Symbolic Public Acts
2 e. V2 h* P% d4 p+ F 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ A, R* U O/ V& w 19. Wearing of symbols
( @4 _7 p4 s3 ?; W" }4 | 20. Prayer and worship$ v/ n9 i$ H# d+ @
21. Delivering symbolic objects" z) g6 {$ H) f& [$ c" w
22. Protest disrobings% B9 O7 N H$ h
23. Destruction of own property
( @# d" l( m. {6 |* r3 p l; Z. f 24. Symbolic lights
" \# |$ X0 s0 [3 q8 q2 P; b( d9 m" j 25. Displays of portraits
$ q! ]8 S7 s2 M 26. Paint as protest3 [! }% ]" |6 t) [: o7 b2 m
27. New signs and names, O8 c* E# n; O% q# A) @7 j
28. Symbolic sounds' k: I( v9 V! [; J {# @8 |
29. Symbolic reclamations
3 q: e: z' ]6 S c- k1 \0 f3 l. P 30. Rude gestures( Y' ?8 U2 Y4 p
" F" P. ~; t3 X `2 ]: `8 z: T- uPressures on Individuals
9 d1 Z) F# U3 v, a: w' w7 m" }" ` 31. “Haunting” officials5 @: g+ ~7 X/ H
32. Taunting officials
" O7 j% h: j# U* p 33. Fraternization5 N5 N h" v9 s( e8 x
34. Vigils
S& E( S) o7 L2 F% U
6 l% N% F& e8 y5 ?9 Z9 R& s& F3 D, d8 MDrama and Music
) u; |; L7 }9 x, y 35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 C% q9 @+ j6 ~! f) i: q 36. Performances of plays and music; ^2 a4 Q8 B0 M' `; m
37. Singing9 F3 K0 k. w. C
1 L& Q( G) {' v# b! z0 | dProcessions
9 N( u# U% y) z. D q- J- x 38. Marches
9 [- B$ F9 O7 a# o 39. Parades/ n. ]* H( [( @( k- K
40. Religious processions
- ~2 K, N9 c; L. P 41. Pilgrimages
) B+ m2 Y% H% U$ k( A1 u 42. Motorcades
2 d: ?0 R, D1 t6 B# g. G! d
$ j& t# E7 D8 W; d/ C, e& oHonoring the Dead
, G; n7 q. Y8 f; I4 g+ t+ m 43. Political mourning5 {9 t' ^, T* D8 e
44. Mock funerals
5 i% {9 G# `& O1 N 45. Demonstrative funerals& q) Z+ Q! T/ p5 m
46. Homage at burial places
2 E& ^, [$ H% s* |: j, w% `, x3 `% [' C' _
Public Assemblies
' ?5 x3 L+ ]/ \% M 47. Assemblies of protest or support ^6 F1 G% t Q, {
48. Protest meetings
# i) n4 _$ v+ k f+ W# a' X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: Z2 S7 ^7 i2 `1 }+ d* T; o. ^ 50. Teach-ins
. m4 z3 \8 [* w& L* |, z: M
2 v' A. z* Q1 _) nWithdrawal and Renunciation7 [" ]5 [# U7 m- |7 H& Q* z
51. Walk-outs; F# p& b }% r! h. k9 P6 Q: A
52. Silence/ U5 K# R& P6 B2 h
53. Renouncing honors
2 W6 M' N- `; i" {' z$ H 54. Turning one’s back
) O: o9 @/ `$ g$ _3 {% q8 |$ z% B3 |
6 E& F; A7 M) X
, U$ r9 d4 p+ B* R, t% B4 Q! r' T& r% J2 G/ Q a$ u$ O1 e9 e
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 y/ s( A5 g0 l L0 G. T/ K
* @- i* `& n( I + x9 |: `7 \" z% M9 a1 t
; N2 k: A. ?6 D! uOstracism of Persons4 B S' }8 E) y; N7 C
55. Social boycott
) s7 e. F* w+ U- [ 56. Selective social boycott
6 V, I$ O+ c" ]8 Q* _! k( R 57. Lysistratic nonaction" t0 I4 {: k3 q- H# A
58. Excommunication) _% G$ V' D2 X
59. Interdict
* L# k* {. E5 Q4 @+ x" M) G% z+ _% h# O) k% Z8 j* P' [: ~ p; w
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& h- R0 Y! L( ]! |5 i8 v
60. Suspension of social and sports activities: J% n& q4 G5 @( N# k9 I2 j3 ?0 ]
61. Boycott of social affairs$ R6 J+ x* A/ ?, _0 Q/ P
62. Student strike
! F, x, k8 ?9 J- Q( }/ o, v1 B 63. Social disobedience
8 d' t7 x' L# M! Q4 } 64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 U3 c) y1 x" P
: A5 C! \6 j! u; [Withdrawal from the Social System
4 a9 d7 S) ^, M" L2 e) p 65. Stay-at-home5 G: S+ z* r" \
66. Total personal noncooperation
- t4 L6 r8 `" c+ ?& U. I! e( [ 67. “Flight” of workers
0 R5 r/ \0 Z& q 68. Sanctuary
& Q$ V1 O$ M2 `4 ^8 H 69. Collective disappearance
9 e* ~) @/ F2 P0 I) Q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
; u i! l6 O8 d) W$ y' F
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& e; C, U. S& B" dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
- p) i w+ t* X8 Z/ i& \: g0 G. o! v6 Y: G: ~
7 ` c- W- F/ l" tActions by Consumers
" I$ _* D5 ?+ h, A Q: j' C 71. Consumers’ boycott4 D( A7 Z( A/ _: a+ h; B
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: `6 l7 w0 j- Y5 H# s
73. Policy of austerity
: |/ K- y+ t2 c- j 74. Rent withholding
' }! H/ }; Q* W8 n0 T7 B. m6 W* i 75. Refusal to rent
0 E3 ~0 T4 X1 w) [( [3 ] 76. National consumers’ boycott
/ P3 J) a" ?* y1 F 77. International consumers’ boycott, X0 J9 o6 U. X# k1 S5 D
% I; q% ~4 e% I& \8 [/ b! HAction by Workers and Producers
7 W9 Q ^+ O R+ V7 }8 [ t1 K5 [ 78. Workmen’s boycott
8 q/ B8 f. J; `" p( G 79. Producers’ boycott$ ^' ?* _) p5 K" w( G* F. @; _
$ u4 R: E( Q/ A# {9 r# h) F ?! F
Action by Middlemen# L$ [8 b3 Z6 X0 e0 q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. p+ {7 G. b; f" j
, i3 X! d8 {. e9 l2 {8 k8 {Action by Owners and Management
& ^* i9 Y2 N; L9 W 81. Traders’ boycott5 {" G7 M. `7 _+ Y
82. Refusal to let or sell property" T% \4 s. X% `% k: q1 H" I
83. Lockout- C; ^, ]7 i5 w
84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ S. s8 |" E( W* N/ A. D* p
85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ h1 {3 t/ j. ?$ U
& E5 u2 M; [; ^" d8 f% S
Action by Holders of Financial Resources" Q% w6 V3 l7 _" P" L6 ]6 Q4 j
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& ~0 _9 g' S) b( ?4 D 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# s+ w+ \* }/ d2 T
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: D' {1 R# |, U3 U2 J4 ?' b
89. Severance of funds and credit$ k; S1 `% S) E2 ]
90. Revenue refusal
2 Q# C2 v/ u' W 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 t4 `3 }- b% g2 X; x+ ^
* `/ ~; ?7 G" A6 f4 W& ?) W' r1 `Action by Governments Y+ h; x3 T f# e7 G7 X) {% z
92. Domestic embargo/ y! n# {( k& _3 q$ X5 C5 ^7 e
93. Blacklisting of traders
* A( F% |' v/ ? {' H 94. International sellers’ embargo5 t+ t1 n' I5 ?% H5 u3 @6 ], z$ d
95. International buyers’ embargo
% S9 i/ D. ]! N1 m2 H( G% O 96. International trade embargo
, e" z- ?0 s* R0 t0 _
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1 s$ c- U- s8 q6 iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 z9 r% D8 x: {/ Z' V) Z' U1 }! n4 k; o8 q5 M+ [
& U) Q- I- g3 ?6 T/ l* D4 [Symbolic Strikes
: g/ V, |3 J+ C% v& { 97. Protest strike* k7 I5 u: t" z$ C* O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike), j/ a2 A9 I; t! R; x+ D$ {) i6 R! t
. }8 }& V4 S; P) w
Agricultural Strikes4 t6 `5 g4 ?! I. @! z
99. Peasant strike
9 e' S/ g. s# b" M( j- X 100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 Q( N! p f( [( I) s! t4 X$ e+ I" j3 z# H, o3 R0 |4 Y) g
Strikes by Special Groups+ E5 g' K9 O" r+ j/ p9 L
101. Refusal of impressed labor
! t _$ U- |& z7 G* a 102. Prisoners’ strike
4 @1 x4 d" C6 c 103. Craft strike
( F0 @% a7 S9 v- o* s 104. Professional strike" H5 N, N r4 ~
) @" W* e" w$ c- q% O9 t* zOrdinary Industrial Strikes/ d6 |1 E4 m' n' u
105. Establishment strike, a+ B0 y% D" ~& ?* ?
106. Industry strike
3 L) l+ ?4 t. y0 ^$ u. ~ 107. Sympathetic strike2 s( I/ b5 e( j8 f" ?0 Q
: d# r5 ]) c5 H& ~; yRestricted Strikes% I# L+ x6 M) Z, ~1 `
108. Detailed strike) n7 `/ S+ F" K4 _" {9 q" r
109. Bumper strike7 T2 L$ X j( c3 c/ s+ G5 H2 ?
110. Slowdown strike3 v9 c7 r8 |+ G2 \ l0 _% c
111. Working-to-rule strike% a! j" t8 k J. b! l" k* _3 v$ }
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' C4 ^2 ]$ K2 f. X7 K 113. Strike by resignation$ Z, K2 r( V8 A) \. p
114. Limited strike
" @. ?* G; p( O: i 115. Selective strike
9 y7 a" @3 q; R D i" y, n0 M' O2 x' y) \. Z! {9 m( k
Multi-Industry Strikes; t) f; X+ n w6 y
( @$ m3 r9 x' q+ J# l% }" u
116. Generalized strike3 e v9 ]3 l2 G4 G
3 u2 O P9 a' s. a: V; @7 Z, H8 ]8 y
117. General strike3 Y/ M( _2 j. O4 a) Y
& Z+ S0 d: K: G n( z- t; x2 bCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures. _1 u/ k/ J/ _& B7 I( l
, ~' {& E) Y8 W& E7 \! Z' p# I3 [
118. Hartal! T$ I) b: k; w/ a \8 A
7 E( B# ~6 Z' P& i
119. Economic shutdown3 N- Y/ H9 A& D# U9 C. f6 m
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: c7 m: s0 H& {/ H% I6 l9 K! h3 }; x8 L! ?- @/ I7 V1 V' ^
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 W; [& d; J+ J3 Z1 |
& W9 ] {% r6 ^0 P, S- I- W; ^
/ D j+ g' t1 j( m5 SRejection of Authority6 x5 I) \+ P. h: }$ n7 i: \# o2 w7 Q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% f4 S- M" T3 p# K1 r: H% E$ A 121. Refusal of public support
; F v% C9 V- ?% `. Z3 T% ?7 ~ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance ~- M0 C E9 z1 v7 F% U Z1 U
p8 R R5 n, r4 X+ u3 t
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& U( @3 _( i4 v" G- C
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 P! H4 A0 f$ u$ G/ [ 124. Boycott of elections
$ ]& `% J6 |8 K# M 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( F3 o) N6 D4 Q% C& [( t Z& _ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! n5 \1 ? U/ r' w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. R! y2 U* E, H0 X5 ^0 f+ S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ x7 J% m8 z* q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" N6 ~/ j8 r; ]! [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 {3 m, s. x* S& g+ J 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" k1 r; Q" [& Y+ ~( k a2 [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# ]' m" A2 v6 c- N0 G! f, U1 z/ g9 e, D% s
: z5 A# _' H5 q: t! {, t- ECitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 v6 j$ o) m; X 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
% ?. Y6 ^ ?3 e/ @6 M) K 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) q" W* l( d$ F; o0 h 135. Popular nonobedience
9 B2 t7 C8 y% [8 r4 v, u, `5 q 136. Disguised disobedience
9 n8 j( N0 w! w( E6 H9 s, j6 U 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* G% i6 g" w- p5 |( s5 E$ c4 v
138. Sitdown
# E) O2 Z, h) g 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ f1 |% j' X) c9 s2 @0 b# p 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) R' @# f" s9 k J( |8 X 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* |/ v3 ? @7 W' `+ e& N/ o6 j$ N# X5 s) A) t3 E& y
Action by Government Personnel) ^; f) @: Q# i. C
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, z$ Y: r g8 P
143. Blocking of lines of command and information* n- v4 g9 Y8 }. `( g
144. Stalling and obstruction6 y/ O$ D% |* [% b- X' S
145. General administrative noncooperation
1 }& w* S# u) F& @/ S- d$ A/ F4 u. l1 m+ F' l8 p6 s
146. Judicial noncooperation! f8 `+ Q) l8 @* {2 V
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 ]. Z6 X2 P* [# {3 W2 p5 X 148. Mutiny
9 \4 X& [2 r- ~( gDomestic Governmental Action
* J8 l& `: {4 ^8 R3 A8 |) b 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: y; G( I! S9 o3 k2 j
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units6 w2 q5 b9 M, V& ?2 c; g/ O
3 D2 m, I, G$ v+ R) q" G
International Governmental Action
; M. i* Q4 P; U# O 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( w% D; t' Q- n) j' Q% V4 c7 d 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 ^: w- ?- z5 T
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 E2 q; T6 {1 \
154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 ^0 w7 [9 U' ^. B
155. Withdrawal from international organizations; T5 d0 A: |# \' f( W
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies4 I/ K' W7 d& I
157. Expulsion from international organizations, y) ~! |% N9 r
7 E5 G$ H( Z1 O2 @! V
5 T/ m* ~* W0 Y0 U5 j) s
$ C! ~8 Z2 H5 H3 _6 X! M/ eTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
5 I7 t6 U& o% \( I" T# p
1 \8 i# r3 K5 J0 q; |0 a* l
8 A1 ?, U1 \$ [1 FPsychological Intervention
) L& G* q/ l1 n( M Q! E 158. Self-exposure to the elements
! i6 K+ ]' e5 G! |: `0 D& y7 A" b 159. The fast
e$ M1 J& p k. H7 L8 E$ n a) Fast of moral pressure
# D4 v' ]! y8 Q# o* ]: B b) Hunger strike
$ G z9 i1 ?6 W, r! ` c) Satyagrahic fast
) f& L4 _* N1 e( {' C$ L 160. Reverse trial1 O7 b5 y8 i% B/ }! M
161. Nonviolent harassment
4 I. [$ t; B( E5 y K: P+ z' u1 Z' V6 u; H/ e. X) o
Physical Intervention
0 H4 D6 u" B8 w; w 162. Sit-in1 j' Z/ A( P2 o
163. Stand-in& c X: a3 k$ |9 v2 Y- l8 W2 W3 P
164. Ride-in
& }; S* `4 q3 {" a; y( T" N6 ~ 165. Wade-in( d# C- w% M0 l5 G1 T, r
166. Mill-in
- z) T. z) Y$ Z( {# k; r 167. Pray-in
3 B/ |# ]7 X) u5 ^; d 168. Nonviolent raids
/ d+ N+ x9 ~/ B3 D* A7 B 169. Nonviolent air raids# t6 D( E! m' B! I* w
170. Nonviolent invasion
" {" w- d1 i0 } 171. Nonviolent interjection
' E8 Q1 e' W2 R' d2 _3 v 172. Nonviolent obstruction
; D0 @7 Y* ?/ T: `3 L 173. Nonviolent occupation8 }4 P L0 W9 r \
6 g3 K6 t! U) y2 a& Q' m/ S
Social Intervention4 W% h1 E$ o# ?$ ]' [% G
174. Establishing new social patterns
7 ~4 ]7 o; }( y+ |4 ^; F6 g- c6 Y( S 175. Overloading of facilities- _. _7 F. [5 N, W) z0 u
176. Stall-in% m3 e- k6 g- I; ^1 y; S m( I
177. Speak-in
+ s- V5 U$ \9 z 178. Guerrilla theater2 K; e9 O0 I( F+ ?
179. Alternative social institutions: c1 `: v/ M% Z' j: P
180. Alternative communication system
, q' v5 z0 b9 s
, W y4 d2 ]# B; NEconomic Intervention8 H$ K, R$ s' O, ? y! A
181. Reverse strike- @) P8 q. r: c
182. Stay-in strike8 e% M( v. X' L4 I9 b$ S+ h8 d* S
183. Nonviolent land seizure, d5 n8 {: z; M/ }
184. Defiance of blockades
* B3 f o7 S& X9 O* X 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 I5 o8 H( W2 `( [$ q; }
186. Preclusive purchasing7 a9 N# ?) U" r8 y9 r" G" Y. Z
187. Seizure of assets$ @; U1 q G) G( x& h. Y6 C2 P3 U
188. Dumping
- o' j: l$ l1 R6 Z4 Q3 \) s% ` 189. Selective patronage
N9 f; N( z% i' z! D$ B: | 190. Alternative markets
% z, B: h0 @+ @9 c3 M 191. Alternative transportation systems/ @* m+ m( h0 Z# g Y8 ^
192. Alternative economic institutions; Y- f, e; q% y
' ]/ c+ l( I) Q7 s. e$ x0 bPolitical Intervention4 j6 e; u! u/ b
193. Overloading of administrative systems
( G! z" v( @/ | L7 x 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" S/ h) T& j/ P( t" J 195. Seeking imprisonment1 \' c. n' `$ Q9 D+ v1 l1 c
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 z( K6 W$ j) L. v5 k0 G 197. Work-on without collaboration" w& a4 }5 @8 h" C, m
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
