 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 \3 Z9 T5 B1 b* Z! ]/ D
Formal Statements
{, I* f$ G6 h! r) y3 ` 1. Public Speeches4 G- A; n1 M9 [, L" B
2. Letters of opposition or support3 g) w6 Q% Z y, Z J( |
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 S8 n0 i. M# {, W. y: v( s' m' b
4. Signed public statements
. f* G7 t- Y! Q1 C2 d% t% O8 q3 E 5. Declarations of indictment and intention v6 Q, h& d, r7 L8 i
6. Group or mass petitions3 Z: D p% C3 P. V8 s8 X0 C5 K
3 F0 B( v F T0 U
Communications with a Wider Audience- D5 N& F& s% [0 X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 P4 t6 F0 v M2 [# E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 b o5 p& N$ c f) z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 s% F( }$ l& T& c/ Y3 p1 a( K; l
10. Newspapers and journals
7 \7 _' z" Y2 Z. _9 v 11. Records, radio, and television. O( s* k" }9 W8 N6 A
12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 w. e) e' `# ^3 j
3 ?+ Q! l3 b7 ~) B1 R( H# G
Group Representations
2 N7 {2 |1 f9 o2 i8 V 13. Deputations8 T- G1 L1 H; |$ S; j; Q l
14. Mock awards% R- y2 V& U7 q1 g
15. Group lobbying5 j( Z+ i+ o6 ^4 R, D+ s) e
16. Picketing
! g7 H7 X4 Z/ D8 _. ~3 j: N 17. Mock elections
- Z6 L: x; i* [' S) N' X
3 |0 `9 B# E9 s7 w' USymbolic Public Acts
8 Q: U% {4 L1 L# p% k7 o 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ R* d( a/ L" K. j1 N2 I0 n. ?
19. Wearing of symbols
. j! Z8 H7 Z1 e2 l: \7 t; { 20. Prayer and worship
& G& Z" ?4 e5 u& T4 ]& H/ I* J 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! y! T+ z6 @3 S1 l: ` 22. Protest disrobings
- U, ]. ?1 c" i& } 23. Destruction of own property+ p; s3 A" _6 t5 [
24. Symbolic lights
E" K! W9 I" d+ }, b 25. Displays of portraits
* W5 c/ Z' l3 f L9 b! b 26. Paint as protest1 A5 d( _2 Q2 Z' R& E
27. New signs and names
* a2 J6 {2 w4 G 28. Symbolic sounds
# x$ H6 q( @9 G6 {" w) {; M4 @ 29. Symbolic reclamations
" Y! P- G V. R9 ~6 j( y 30. Rude gestures
/ C) C( B! H! w- l& M" \* r# H# M5 w5 p1 w' I, n
Pressures on Individuals
0 ?# O9 {* ?8 L, ? 31. “Haunting” officials2 J, d, }' w4 G2 P/ }0 L" h( C
32. Taunting officials4 M9 W" a) {/ @8 J! Z& X X0 A8 @
33. Fraternization3 n7 n* f# w4 \3 n- D
34. Vigils
0 {, L& r0 c/ k' v- B' ?, [, c) P$ A0 f% H# z8 Q9 l& f1 Y
Drama and Music8 N- n) n9 ?* S( c
35. Humorous skits and pranks4 Q4 c8 w) A8 |5 E8 T
36. Performances of plays and music: y# p0 h. Z% R9 P) M$ l* j; T$ `
37. Singing
' }2 g! Y' V2 g. K0 g. g% ]) Z+ y; ~3 X. Z0 Z& B1 i8 `, @
Processions
% m& L N: L. t) |( }% F. o 38. Marches
6 e( p3 y4 v9 w) q6 Y 39. Parades
2 E8 t$ M" K: k8 Y# O7 a& H 40. Religious processions/ @& F* J% } y" D$ M
41. Pilgrimages: ]4 H8 B* M: x
42. Motorcades$ |/ g) d2 x, B: V8 Q% u; x! C
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Honoring the Dead, `# {/ T' O) o8 {
43. Political mourning1 O0 M, @) k8 l2 E! b5 \# J/ f a
44. Mock funerals/ G1 j" M/ V0 w4 `& l3 D. z0 ^
45. Demonstrative funerals
& h7 d' l% c# Y Z6 O 46. Homage at burial places
2 z! J- X+ i. w- N, Z$ c& H0 P9 c/ }0 b o
Public Assemblies2 M- h3 S9 `8 A9 g
47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ O& P! V6 K# ^: m- T) n 48. Protest meetings
5 d/ N6 X+ t7 S. M2 \ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 r' J7 N# e) \! K k
50. Teach-ins
8 q" E( Z' K+ y# Y7 F, e5 Y
4 R9 P4 h2 C# } ZWithdrawal and Renunciation# z1 z$ t( g& c8 l
51. Walk-outs
8 H P2 D6 _$ q% _" U* W* }8 }# A 52. Silence7 p7 N3 P/ X! Y$ g0 P
53. Renouncing honors
3 w' T( i9 |$ z& S. _( O 54. Turning one’s back3 `; _: R! b% i- `
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- ]. W& L7 h4 Y. ?: UTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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9 O( a% N2 b0 a. }& I3 xOstracism of Persons
. k0 z- Q5 P8 ~8 J 55. Social boycott) y( ] ], e c$ `5 z
56. Selective social boycott
! c# [; e, `; `, W( o, q 57. Lysistratic nonaction
& P3 @0 i& r. i1 E1 v! i6 R, ` 58. Excommunication2 Z1 g; J4 J3 u, S5 ^
59. Interdict
8 [' u1 z/ r, n6 G5 h# X; F$ v0 {3 q. N- }; s4 y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 ~ S' x r9 i* O, H 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 w# d3 u, w% S% a1 d0 U, v 61. Boycott of social affairs! Z8 y5 y/ C/ U
62. Student strike
o' F. r) B6 {/ r 63. Social disobedience
7 `0 I$ ]6 J; J. I! C K 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 H# `$ t1 T& O' w& y0 p9 h0 l
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Withdrawal from the Social System
; k6 F: o% a m5 z# Q 65. Stay-at-home& d7 k& V( c9 ]) A" z; Y) T
66. Total personal noncooperation3 T$ p& H3 p4 `+ D3 {7 S% `
67. “Flight” of workers T' i% P- d6 E" j7 r; ]9 i9 p& n
68. Sanctuary" z. ]+ J) w8 ]8 [& F. w* X
69. Collective disappearance
]. ^( R3 n2 d; G y$ [ @ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 O. P+ S3 o- Q5 a% m! T. J/ Y
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. ~$ m7 H) k" t" V2 E
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Actions by Consumers
s1 j, |# J) }! A$ _ 71. Consumers’ boycott! m% ?( u* o; a6 T8 J5 J
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: F" }/ g4 L+ l' X- z 73. Policy of austerity) e4 p- c: ?# Z: O
74. Rent withholding* ]7 t, D! n' m5 Q i7 e
75. Refusal to rent
# F8 t4 G; D2 Z+ ` 76. National consumers’ boycott6 k8 u; @1 Y. @8 j$ K2 y* }
77. International consumers’ boycott
" v7 g. [" n7 S8 M$ g
$ s- y( S2 c. pAction by Workers and Producers3 R5 _( j5 B0 t2 t! I: z
78. Workmen’s boycott" y7 z! y! b6 h* v- l4 `1 p# [
79. Producers’ boycott
9 E% J/ q/ P% y) h
* e- u$ X9 D s0 ?( | ^Action by Middlemen/ q. G+ ]8 A1 f# v! F
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management% q& x' M' g1 |9 ~' B
81. Traders’ boycott
9 N: K3 h. g, b, a& V6 ] 82. Refusal to let or sell property2 z; M; G- {( A8 G- R
83. Lockout
( b: A: g( V+ Z2 h( U8 H7 ]- _ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 K3 _# b$ E# Q# h7 \3 Q9 D9 M7 o 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources2 y6 M# s* C" J$ c9 P! q7 S
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits* m" x+ |( U) `: n9 W
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. T( t( |: c; K' n) Q; Q1 T
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 n6 Q6 t8 B5 H; N0 R. D- w
89. Severance of funds and credit
4 v' w9 e6 c/ S# n4 |$ M 90. Revenue refusal
( r# j& }. f9 [ 91. Refusal of a government’s money' h Z; h6 d3 W5 \9 U4 _, \6 z
; Z% E# h4 d1 G3 \9 |; |0 H! dAction by Governments2 Y& @& z$ o) W
92. Domestic embargo9 W5 Y6 C. V5 p3 t% ~" }" O( M
93. Blacklisting of traders
; b M0 V/ Y! c# w 94. International sellers’ embargo
+ v! |0 X+ R; h) | 95. International buyers’ embargo
7 x+ H5 _( u# u, v/ m1 q 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( ^; H, j2 ^5 l% ~) V$ N" A t
9 o- K- Y+ I; j% n2 \
$ ~) A5 r' ]3 ]Symbolic Strikes) Y4 h" d7 X4 u) Q, Z" Y& k5 X0 z$ W
97. Protest strike
2 L# M4 T! a- E 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 N1 Y8 A+ a9 D
" h4 L0 {" ]# g/ }Agricultural Strikes* Q( L" S+ y" A0 I" ]) \# E
99. Peasant strike( }3 V }2 g$ h: C
100. Farm Workers’ strike: Q; h0 g" n: h8 P9 O
0 C0 y5 {# H3 q' @2 l" z: l3 ?4 gStrikes by Special Groups
# ]. z5 z- ]+ z. P 101. Refusal of impressed labor
' R0 C7 D4 \, C x 102. Prisoners’ strike* p, v2 j9 M" _; c& t8 @7 x+ ~$ c
103. Craft strike
- |7 u* x; F. o! f7 U+ q2 P) H 104. Professional strike" g5 O9 {0 _ M( R. O& _' \) W
$ d, c1 D* V: _5 s: n) wOrdinary Industrial Strikes
" Z* P d9 T3 W8 e1 Z' w0 }1 @ 105. Establishment strike
' F' W4 B5 D& Z- w 106. Industry strike
+ Y4 d0 ^4 q3 `8 x 107. Sympathetic strike6 o) Z V. ?, c5 |$ z( W( ], M
4 Z1 C8 U6 \- ?' V
Restricted Strikes
* P* ~2 k3 B+ h( H r* X6 r& ^ 108. Detailed strike
4 ]* s' b# H- e$ M 109. Bumper strike4 m' a$ y$ i5 X9 Y* R. i8 d/ H4 t
110. Slowdown strike
y- \% r" G5 _ 111. Working-to-rule strike
$ b6 R! j1 @0 _$ g, c- X+ g5 E' E 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 w6 P* w+ ]7 f9 \) O 113. Strike by resignation
% }# `' l, g; n, g. m* }; h/ o 114. Limited strike6 s3 w1 ], t& V, |. J. ^2 B3 B
115. Selective strike: S7 g) ^. v: s1 e: N5 B# {
7 X4 I' o( F% Q- S$ W
Multi-Industry Strikes
& I2 M% R5 z1 \2 c _2 k6 o7 Z$ s$ g. q8 e4 l. S
116. Generalized strike
5 F6 _; f9 `6 X# T. ^/ G4 l
+ H+ @2 i# ]: l0 v 117. General strike
1 R3 h1 Q6 E m% P4 C5 ? \0 }$ t$ ^% a! H! a$ Z. z: Z
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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7 t3 z! u' h* o: \THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
/ n$ v3 \0 ]& S 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 f) k4 ]& W2 A
121. Refusal of public support
* }! b0 P; s: b H" G 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 Z. ~+ H. t+ S, d$ G! ~; K1 Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% s; a# F, F% C 123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ c! }/ [6 z6 @6 y% {
124. Boycott of elections8 ^7 _* y! N+ |3 A+ d
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ X! A* X& F0 b7 t x 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% f" }0 g' @2 [$ c& F# i& \
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ h% _) q3 m1 q8 i5 }* @ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
) Q, m& ?! q0 e& J; Z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 J9 s0 U; k% ]1 [/ I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% J* S% m3 M+ J3 ]! {) E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials% ?. m4 m( G/ W6 W! \ p7 K
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions i/ H8 R) U w: f+ {
8 m4 ~9 X; j$ S, `( h* oCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 W6 d1 C& ^7 h' I1 i) B0 \6 V
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ B& }2 m* j$ |2 z+ G& x6 x 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! A; z \, S* @' B1 k
135. Popular nonobedience
, P3 B2 `9 W! k& o6 i5 _8 \) r 136. Disguised disobedience, n2 G$ ?: z, U& }
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# u, T2 H3 X1 U F+ _ 138. Sitdown
6 S$ W$ \1 T7 N( u ?2 I! P 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ R+ b7 _# l: A7 a 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ ?/ }% g# g- L1 L7 Z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: {2 F" c+ i! y+ j. k, i4 M$ P
& c$ G8 z, N8 I7 n* [. S7 sAction by Government Personnel
& I. Z+ c$ V, x) O7 M( X5 n/ K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! i, R' e5 Y& `! B% g% F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information) [3 B' i* i6 m; \
144. Stalling and obstruction
& B" T) }( B+ b% C 145. General administrative noncooperation# z, k$ C" W0 p* G
+ ^7 k/ \+ J9 I& k
146. Judicial noncooperation
) u3 z k1 I, H* R 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% |" a( T1 n7 E7 G
148. Mutiny
- o9 C$ F) D) e0 F" NDomestic Governmental Action/ H$ j$ r4 v: ]
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% [/ q' `+ @- L7 b3 T/ R1 g
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 `+ C( w* B; N' z( |7 |
3 ?6 q+ w/ d) H" jInternational Governmental Action4 V6 N7 T8 u. J- c/ f* u: J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 D2 q/ ~; N4 |8 g$ j" F" p: \: B) B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 w' v! G: V3 F( t! O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 F+ h: \. g6 x1 h. n7 A
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: N% s) G, B2 e9 R7 i' ? 155. Withdrawal from international organizations- ~, N- ` m1 \; s4 ]
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' }+ c: J' L4 S. S! y- V' n 157. Expulsion from international organizations1 G+ o* v3 {6 r/ V# X9 D5 G$ M
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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+ s: Q0 _7 n ]7 E* kPsychological Intervention0 |( B9 z* d' R% B: ^3 Z. I- a7 `, J
158. Self-exposure to the elements5 L: _- F2 W; p% b: l( U2 k
159. The fast
5 G8 K5 a& M; W* _/ R a) Fast of moral pressure3 W( r4 ~& ?+ v3 S6 s+ S( a/ U2 N
b) Hunger strike0 j+ o# Z( O/ R: {
c) Satyagrahic fast
* v6 X, i2 z5 a' i# O$ e 160. Reverse trial9 g( |5 u, R9 U+ p! H
161. Nonviolent harassment
1 ]8 [0 r: T! B2 W) y0 S0 `6 p
; [/ @7 u. l4 K( U+ \# bPhysical Intervention8 Z6 L5 y1 Z& v9 D5 A! A- i* Y
162. Sit-in6 N) S* f/ |- ^" }! S
163. Stand-in* R7 ^. w! j5 }
164. Ride-in
+ d& e; z. M# t S 165. Wade-in
( i8 v: x3 t# }3 X, z2 j& g 166. Mill-in
; E) P& u& L9 R 167. Pray-in
7 X; F4 |+ X$ `* y8 @ 168. Nonviolent raids
3 a0 D8 q' R w3 w r$ K5 D0 n 169. Nonviolent air raids# A' G' z! Q* h% b9 I8 E
170. Nonviolent invasion$ k* @; E1 Y5 ?: @0 ~
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 n- o% U: w) e# p 172. Nonviolent obstruction% S9 c, R. M& b9 y
173. Nonviolent occupation+ }$ l- f% I$ F" F7 d
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Social Intervention5 x7 {8 e& D! Y
174. Establishing new social patterns9 w; `. ?4 ~" |" Z4 T, V3 H
175. Overloading of facilities- L! C4 V1 C U1 d
176. Stall-in
1 R b; Q5 Q6 C, `: w4 n- Z 177. Speak-in
9 t: y5 m9 [+ X7 g 178. Guerrilla theater- [: z$ V( @3 M; A( X1 o% T W' P
179. Alternative social institutions
8 g S1 a% B3 T# ?+ C8 x$ W# M 180. Alternative communication system
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7 j, y: o: e2 A bEconomic Intervention( L) @9 K _4 {
181. Reverse strike/ V5 U/ W) }6 s2 q5 k3 ]; y, |& z
182. Stay-in strike" [7 U$ ]& X/ c( O0 w5 D! G9 I b7 Y' V
183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ W j7 r6 g$ r( L1 C 184. Defiance of blockades# X: j- b- t* V& o/ B
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 p# o9 o( |1 G
186. Preclusive purchasing2 x. f% d# z) s U7 Q: i) B% \' m
187. Seizure of assets
% t7 `- ~ E0 y/ A, g 188. Dumping) O2 e3 ?; L2 e* W* B
189. Selective patronage
3 R9 u( U8 S8 \, H" C* d4 l# \ 190. Alternative markets3 Y1 S9 x) T0 i. J3 f2 B
191. Alternative transportation systems8 w. }' r# `( ~3 m6 w
192. Alternative economic institutions9 L3 ?' x- [; i$ W# [
/ H! u# Q0 q2 [' Y7 @9 @+ Q% ZPolitical Intervention
r, t" V5 ] Y; u2 I 193. Overloading of administrative systems0 _+ E) ?5 T6 b; j! }
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 V& z E- O9 { ~ 195. Seeking imprisonment8 T5 Y$ R6 y/ c0 u5 F2 J
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 k7 y: z5 Q2 E0 B/ f3 ? 197. Work-on without collaboration9 Y6 H1 y5 {3 B3 W0 d& F) Q* w
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ y! ?. ^* L; b/ g: G& \
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
