 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 w- {- X' a# {; U/ l" mFormal Statements
; a3 p. g! M& p t9 f' n6 w0 o& G$ O2 F 1. Public Speeches( ^8 b; C% v& y' A0 t7 J
2. Letters of opposition or support# z2 S3 x! R1 ?9 M) w/ g$ A, E/ Q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 x1 Y0 Y6 E# l+ D1 C. V! v
4. Signed public statements
; S- u& G: F7 G7 b+ E7 [4 J& g: [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 d' p1 ^' C( i4 l v$ i# g: A 6. Group or mass petitions( `% \( H& r) |
5 h, q7 A# ]1 R! v4 s, O0 }
Communications with a Wider Audience
3 n: |& h3 z2 k( ?# o* R' r 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# R9 \! _2 [& Z2 Z1 {* U$ D! K( \ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) ~$ s o" b8 W, Q! o) b
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 j/ r4 Z7 n- t; G3 M5 P/ U
10. Newspapers and journals" N0 n& p" u5 M# l3 O
11. Records, radio, and television. g0 S# `) q/ t' u9 V) \: v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
) ~% }4 a4 C7 N# ~! k& D! I: k. c3 G w- b$ K) T
Group Representations+ i3 e: A! F% @* Z+ b9 M% X) }
13. Deputations* f2 I- j. }6 z& s% A3 ~
14. Mock awards
' i2 G9 L+ U! R9 f( g 15. Group lobbying
: g/ I0 D+ \$ k% W$ y0 J3 |/ | 16. Picketing
3 c% T! i: |' k# e& s4 [1 y 17. Mock elections. Z4 [; y$ @$ Q/ @0 `
4 x# @3 [, O- Q9 v
Symbolic Public Acts
: A" v5 B* O* B) t7 Y, P. o. n 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 L. z1 s4 R% F9 m- D* h7 S
19. Wearing of symbols
& G1 T8 d8 S/ O6 v* n9 o 20. Prayer and worship
8 o" H& G) j/ ]+ r3 |9 y6 h 21. Delivering symbolic objects7 ?5 {3 b) ~ A. A3 C- _$ i
22. Protest disrobings( i, {+ S( p7 Z5 ?% d: G: w, J& X
23. Destruction of own property
1 T& k X" k; a( f7 ^0 T3 z6 x 24. Symbolic lights
a" Q& K x$ n$ K' w) x 25. Displays of portraits/ A& G% S9 B4 D4 @. K" C: E/ x
26. Paint as protest
Z. W" d0 N5 X4 ^" Z* H8 R" p 27. New signs and names
8 o9 p6 D) g" F/ d- M' _- u! ] 28. Symbolic sounds
/ C! H" _$ j) I: r 29. Symbolic reclamations
$ f, Q) R4 v8 s9 K# M( A 30. Rude gestures
# b0 e" C0 @: `8 c! L y
2 ?5 N( I, t0 f: s0 hPressures on Individuals
$ X7 H' d4 J6 ~4 u 31. “Haunting” officials
0 L) h3 i3 i; e+ x5 d. q( D 32. Taunting officials. y/ L( C* i# R* I \
33. Fraternization
) G2 r$ K! {2 o1 V0 J+ Q1 V 34. Vigils
& ~+ R6 _! C) Q- g& o; g3 `% t- ~2 P3 c' V
Drama and Music: n0 O- U! @8 m& o- X; f/ @/ D
35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 X d& b* L; O* P) \ 36. Performances of plays and music
" D2 H. F* i( a+ n+ \# |7 ~! _' \! ?) b 37. Singing
/ @( Z B# @3 G1 b) D. g
$ S8 C$ W8 f S' aProcessions
4 E' t$ y9 x. ^+ ^' d 38. Marches
7 A2 i- S5 i5 Y i 39. Parades# A* f4 Q! t6 w7 A
40. Religious processions
r) F4 X" B4 ?6 }2 B7 x4 h 41. Pilgrimages
. |# A2 C& K) B0 i 42. Motorcades
, U$ ^! Y) K# u/ [) I! ]8 Q1 `- L3 Q. |2 `: K
Honoring the Dead4 Z, j% G" Y3 E* d* \
43. Political mourning2 q+ j# {3 A, U* C
44. Mock funerals
2 A- g+ P* h+ ^, w& ]% s# T 45. Demonstrative funerals
/ ^# D' F/ S' w! m' y 46. Homage at burial places8 e* f7 k: ^9 |+ w2 h! @( u
4 ]! D2 L* i& Y# n7 H. H, y
Public Assemblies
5 \; S5 Z1 b1 \& [ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
' B; i& O( s6 D( S 48. Protest meetings; p$ L5 K% F" L V; C$ Q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest: z: u: L8 h4 v" A1 |. ~7 N' f9 F
50. Teach-ins4 L# f! p' ?( n) f3 V' `# x
/ ]* Z4 a. \: E0 y6 Y" v8 E$ k; D+ @8 |
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! l+ z5 E' J$ S5 O% j @ 51. Walk-outs
& y& a8 z; w7 D0 W5 Q) H 52. Silence+ z2 M7 m: H! O2 q
53. Renouncing honors
5 V1 S, e1 q$ a 54. Turning one’s back
' w; w) ^" p, ~2 _; u! i
5 O/ M' }3 w$ A' X% Q, Z ( K2 B! h; l, {6 c
+ T$ `$ C" X. G# W
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 H, a7 }' g' X/ _$ Y$ |
8 V! O2 [ N, h3 b% F 5 \! s. F1 j$ I6 W o7 L y0 B) y$ x
5 ~2 Z7 K7 m, m
Ostracism of Persons
* [1 {1 [9 h3 f/ P9 S4 ~! _ 55. Social boycott9 B$ ?3 e/ N, C2 z8 T' D; { _) Y
56. Selective social boycott
. y$ }3 B7 g' e9 N+ X 57. Lysistratic nonaction2 t: y o' @7 J" V
58. Excommunication8 a2 h1 l, q0 _2 j
59. Interdict
( c% A0 G$ ]9 v l. T* O6 M5 J: D" y" b5 c
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 k# r& p# {. M4 f0 b5 _ H2 Z$ M. ?
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 `! k* d' L7 G: B: T 61. Boycott of social affairs
, c. _; P0 F* Y. P& I% L* k: P5 _ 62. Student strike
* N4 e" l' v- [: {0 x 63. Social disobedience- H% \. R+ g- ?
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% I, O4 j) `1 P/ K2 V
: K T$ U* x( P8 b
Withdrawal from the Social System% @2 F* ^$ A2 o' M& a! d3 R; R
65. Stay-at-home9 Z9 z8 `) h( J" _# z) d/ Q5 L
66. Total personal noncooperation
* R* ~3 {% _: q6 B8 @1 | 67. “Flight” of workers
8 V1 b; E- a* [& W 68. Sanctuary
5 g( T, ?5 G: _ n( s5 ? 69. Collective disappearance' F6 j4 _, f, a; Y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ n/ y- q, }# f8 E Y8 Y/ W" x( H. u6 G/ p. j$ y9 ]
" v. u% m* [0 i- j& K, Q9 X5 {' t& O7 Q7 e" i! `
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
) U q* u3 G1 E9 H- ?3 E. H r" F0 s* S6 M' O9 k
0 e6 r* c4 s& R; C- q6 g- ^+ W( i' U6 YActions by Consumers& |. O+ A" n8 F+ H: c/ L
71. Consumers’ boycott
( v3 D+ I2 ?8 ]+ F9 ~3 O' r5 N: O 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 C% S& ]* @% F3 ^* [9 n 73. Policy of austerity0 u% L; S3 y1 _) ^
74. Rent withholding6 E: T2 S: N' ] f# Y; c
75. Refusal to rent
- d1 _' e8 W B' ~$ @ j 76. National consumers’ boycott* X8 q7 Y. M1 m- V8 m& A1 [
77. International consumers’ boycott
' p/ v* E! Q- \: l8 P" S- I- S4 Y/ b5 G% y
Action by Workers and Producers7 z% H1 B5 w) ?/ l1 C0 j
78. Workmen’s boycott4 i! P% n; C- R5 j% C
79. Producers’ boycott
4 A; w1 p! G, q9 v
4 G" b5 E- o8 @% t! O1 DAction by Middlemen
% s( t. ]7 r; y! i6 t 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
, n" Z% T1 ]/ z, ^: r2 B$ k# q G! u- Q6 G/ Y' X1 f$ w8 q& c7 F/ j8 C+ d
Action by Owners and Management
. p' R: [2 k; `: B 81. Traders’ boycott
U0 A Y0 O0 h/ x+ G) A/ F( `( [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ N9 w0 |) ^9 @2 z! ~& l 83. Lockout# l- o- \8 U5 a7 \
84. Refusal of industrial assistance& R2 ]5 s% k0 n& k8 I! @6 m, C
85. Merchants’ “general strike”) ?4 v+ V: E5 P
9 ]- e" s2 G7 _9 z+ R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( C! ` @( r- {8 w, G 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% S( _- y4 W1 n G8 q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 i! F; L& N5 l1 Q. c, s9 E% ~$ L/ E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 C9 {1 x5 d+ N
89. Severance of funds and credit
4 Y5 C1 f/ C1 s8 Y/ x8 p4 z 90. Revenue refusal+ X# S3 r- ]. s4 ]+ u4 ^; Y4 L
91. Refusal of a government’s money% V5 k" K; b3 T, H" Z( ~$ K* `
3 [- d! c5 d2 W" ~7 J3 W; D- P" L2 LAction by Governments7 T; t/ n7 D* P3 }2 V) g+ x
92. Domestic embargo
! @; E$ @! a" O" k. K8 o 93. Blacklisting of traders ^% W8 D( \% C1 @
94. International sellers’ embargo! s2 F1 @3 P, y9 k/ A: e6 u d
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 q7 n% W4 j. Z S# D, E 96. International trade embargo% ^( [3 g( f/ @/ w/ R# c
3 i+ L7 h2 k4 J2 V# T
; c: d" A4 e* w, \9 }9 _
6 Q' @: P3 |0 NTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: n: V+ k. o4 L- Q; J9 _* z0 ~, A+ N6 g3 h3 s+ V" U
/ h- S7 a/ C. A
Symbolic Strikes! I$ k% [1 {3 n0 |$ Y* G
97. Protest strike
# s: ~5 H0 R# L7 T 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( d* I }2 Q2 j/ ?; M
5 H4 a1 N `- U9 J- W
Agricultural Strikes
D5 f: q7 F1 \3 o; J 99. Peasant strike
* g9 u1 d2 c" C! O) t/ Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike( n2 k8 u" _8 z; g( b2 w# A
5 A# B: d" b4 S+ ~Strikes by Special Groups4 M, w3 I3 e2 E8 R) J
101. Refusal of impressed labor$ x5 ~- B- p( y5 d( _$ ^0 x
102. Prisoners’ strike+ Y+ g6 U: P+ @% c5 N
103. Craft strike, p% j4 ^! A, q; A' |; b
104. Professional strike
" D: O+ c `6 m; \0 t( F2 _+ `
) u" O" m" s% f* M3 a% W* s" hOrdinary Industrial Strikes
; ^$ A- u5 V S4 c$ Q5 H 105. Establishment strike
; k7 [; e4 O. H* u8 R, l- H 106. Industry strike( ?" s2 B' I$ I+ `( Z
107. Sympathetic strike
2 W3 B; f; `% o! [1 ^* y& }* d3 F: f" p# S& j
Restricted Strikes) n6 [& p$ g% ^* D0 Y. B9 y) m
108. Detailed strike
& _: y2 F, S- J& i/ o0 b/ T" B3 M 109. Bumper strike3 d+ ?3 T" X) |' U W& \0 m
110. Slowdown strike, d" a$ h7 ~ r G7 `" p
111. Working-to-rule strike
. ~6 s2 T7 d( u! ?. O$ D& e5 y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. K! ~7 g9 D0 D' S 113. Strike by resignation# N# S* t, L' b3 `! K1 G' w
114. Limited strike
; Q# |# D5 Q, I) T8 C! h( E( F 115. Selective strike4 Z S O; M, ^* i. I
- _2 f8 T$ m4 J4 h
Multi-Industry Strikes1 x7 y* b& U; @/ A- M8 h- |
) k+ u7 G) B! S& S
116. Generalized strike. Y, W9 k6 H2 t2 C8 ?
- y- w8 ?" z" M
117. General strike
+ M& \! `+ h" a3 J0 y0 L8 O) e( K* k+ b& m v2 v! k+ Z) j
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 L* L# K; Y9 d4 N
0 Q ^+ C0 T2 N* k5 ~9 _* p 118. Hartal
& l) v. _3 ]) d" D$ ?5 ?. q' s. ^2 {" r% p( ^" {
119. Economic shutdown+ k6 w7 z: o* j+ J4 J" N
8 p) u+ ^% m- `9 D7 M% k ) @- ?6 V) a3 n/ l
: P" \5 `1 K7 t& G' a7 @) F5 p9 n5 C" ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# C ?3 N" f! w$ J$ Y, [
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Rejection of Authority
# D) u6 q! q: L; h5 \9 Y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ ?- g6 q' H: Y- { 121. Refusal of public support# N$ l4 S( j# i' A$ y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
" a: L( [& ~; [0 v& t2 X9 D8 G! w% T" l5 l# K
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- e% N$ ]. B5 r4 h3 q% A5 v/ s, _ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies, ^! k* Z( U3 d/ Y6 i. B
124. Boycott of elections" `) L+ J# V5 O% `
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; X! f/ k. S9 v1 @; S 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( E l. G2 y l7 u2 a9 X# \
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: |8 `" [6 x$ j( s8 [; l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 n0 g2 C) }& z6 a7 [
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) T8 _# p3 e9 c1 y6 w9 k$ R; I 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 K: j, w }# t3 ]
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" H, u3 O }8 k# G3 e 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 [5 y, e- e i! ^( y; n k
; A9 h k$ v6 aCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ f: u7 N, k0 {; J2 q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. C" @$ w8 A: P- z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: P. l2 C8 T1 `4 |4 y
135. Popular nonobedience
# M" E% _$ A# ^ 136. Disguised disobedience
- A& X' N. s1 U7 u+ n3 D+ M 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* i c. }9 l5 f+ \7 l% o" `" S6 @
138. Sitdown
- n+ D! Z0 ~) @! [4 k 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ }- S/ c0 }& O) a8 q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 F% J* K# f# y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 T6 q) F( }4 I" B. ?6 h
, A2 N' X( p4 ^! I
Action by Government Personnel
2 R0 c/ P3 ]# `. R% i/ S 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" O P( Z- H! }8 ?. q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information! Z* f/ }, c! s
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 z+ p* v& X! f! x2 I% W 145. General administrative noncooperation
) i, w9 ?0 ]4 {% v9 c
( n" {- L5 W' f n6 _. E. Y 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 L7 e$ R( m6 S! t- E0 q: ^0 r+ z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" D9 y0 E$ W4 h+ }7 V9 X. w: c
148. Mutiny
; A, L5 P8 |8 B, N/ D5 A; ^6 hDomestic Governmental Action* F: }5 R% D' @' x% ^& i9 z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, `. A+ \6 O8 v7 Y& r0 j" g7 S 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 R2 [5 W& C9 m6 ^8 f5 Z
6 q4 g0 X q7 J# ?* E
International Governmental Action
, f; _; A. G6 M 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) T7 b" A6 m2 x$ z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% b1 V' `" C# o: E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 O) t, ~, V" k8 ] Y [5 V4 F 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& P; H: q& R9 q5 n- @) \# s$ M. B" h 155. Withdrawal from international organizations% v6 Q- v1 W3 I% x- @& @; H" A" V
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* f) L4 J: {- k& g. V9 a& ~
157. Expulsion from international organizations( a/ q9 k$ |7 Q$ j
( K& ?; F! y' o+ O. E
. n X4 W) v/ l( q. V
1 P; O8 T6 @: n7 a( O/ aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% }5 ^4 ~9 C4 q
& g* A5 I* N) I5 i
4 }5 I2 ~7 H) I( Y: s4 I
Psychological Intervention
9 i# I3 q, u: P 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 }6 B2 y& j, _( q
159. The fast
( v! f" ` n$ @: } a) Fast of moral pressure% c s6 c& z$ c/ N, Y7 v' n
b) Hunger strike& y; V, ^7 k8 k
c) Satyagrahic fast- o7 M3 @% Z5 \+ v+ |- o
160. Reverse trial7 {( N n, l- g. q1 n
161. Nonviolent harassment
7 l+ ~+ z+ N7 B: U( O/ \
# c9 P8 x+ x" u8 _. f* ]& ^3 l) ? MPhysical Intervention" g b: F4 }+ u/ o9 S1 ?
162. Sit-in
6 {$ H6 A& C6 F& r3 D1 [8 I" R* [ 163. Stand-in: I& ] C) R: R& j2 b
164. Ride-in
" Q' |2 Q* i( P: w 165. Wade-in
4 {$ C# s7 C$ ]/ W2 G 166. Mill-in
" j& I: w3 S' A4 k, r 167. Pray-in
3 f q9 R& l2 p# b& T 168. Nonviolent raids
! p& H n) @7 C, C 169. Nonviolent air raids
8 w* q: s" b' `! f1 b' r 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ g# t+ a; f# F5 @% q 171. Nonviolent interjection
: w; p9 o0 l( B 172. Nonviolent obstruction& Y. F5 c4 U9 b- e- ^! [. o# x
173. Nonviolent occupation$ Z# g4 ?+ R) c m6 N2 y5 ?
" O5 p8 z& e) H/ N, b: B7 C
Social Intervention4 o% ^* ?) A. n4 ?( ]" G
174. Establishing new social patterns9 o$ s y* V. _- y) m$ K
175. Overloading of facilities
/ e$ b4 ] O- ]; `0 F" ~ 176. Stall-in
0 [! p1 e3 c$ l1 ?* o4 | 177. Speak-in0 N9 N0 |: r; t5 y7 j/ A% Q
178. Guerrilla theater
2 Y. A% [8 N1 z; \( Y, D 179. Alternative social institutions
5 f! ? _' V2 Z0 l 180. Alternative communication system
( m& E1 u( R2 a: L, i: h
4 j" n: Z8 i% E9 ZEconomic Intervention
5 h+ n1 c) v& }: {, h' B 181. Reverse strike
8 y: m* [ @1 }& F( Q' Q6 H4 D 182. Stay-in strike
, M- H/ P8 M, r0 N: W4 s! p 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ T7 J4 `# ~) S8 d
184. Defiance of blockades `4 c' P7 G/ W' e
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) }# r0 v! b0 o 186. Preclusive purchasing+ M! `" A- G) G
187. Seizure of assets
8 s, G* q9 ~7 r% z& n 188. Dumping' R. l- h* m% B# s8 N6 `: k
189. Selective patronage E0 C: U4 h$ p5 t3 C
190. Alternative markets
9 e+ H5 S- y! H& w" O 191. Alternative transportation systems
$ A' U6 \: t7 K/ B, x2 o, P 192. Alternative economic institutions
. I9 v# P# H8 K# Q* ]% ?7 D9 Q# m+ s$ G. _
Political Intervention; g- ?1 A& S2 e, L5 y: U, q9 ~
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: Q! S- c7 y' W. E: D+ R; h6 |% H, V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; ^7 a& \7 m" _: B6 \
195. Seeking imprisonment4 L, [: X4 c, g1 ~0 f- G/ Q' l
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! Z( K# L1 @ u" O1 T, k$ r 197. Work-on without collaboration
3 _* s; J/ i, _6 T/ [8 Z* g 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* q5 ]/ z) C4 F
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
