 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 ], r8 a+ l3 ?+ e5 _# @! ?9 `8 p( T cFormal Statements
! z( w( w* w) r! Y: U 1. Public Speeches
" b- {) i/ `* z2 f8 O 2. Letters of opposition or support3 `/ t1 M9 D, c: i: l% p
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, s; N6 d( a5 V3 w4 S! D$ O+ T e
4. Signed public statements
@9 G9 I3 y. j8 j6 Q. a 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: E; b5 f w" V" J+ n9 D. V/ p1 Z 6. Group or mass petitions9 r J& w6 ?. j9 |6 \4 a
& `+ A* _2 G9 s* W$ |- VCommunications with a Wider Audience
8 |0 w# p( T6 p1 | 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& ~1 w5 L0 n6 k1 k6 ^. T2 ~2 z' H 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 w$ T0 Q7 V+ a8 Q1 T o* V, N
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" ^9 G7 `, b5 }
10. Newspapers and journals$ E5 H7 P4 H4 R
11. Records, radio, and television9 ]( r% u( G, i, q1 n' w* A5 h
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
, K6 \3 h A5 a5 w) X2 ^* W P% d2 ]& s# r; s+ [8 s7 J! a ~( o
Group Representations; U( c N- C8 y* b8 ?1 ]
13. Deputations
# K0 w( {: s! O' a( Q- A 14. Mock awards
0 i! B- n h1 |% W" C9 E 15. Group lobbying5 @5 z* Y {: S1 J& e: i" o3 g
16. Picketing
" O+ F2 Y1 n( E# V. [% j. @ 17. Mock elections
( j/ F4 m5 v; r/ a1 R! y: Z- u1 v. |0 r7 `2 s
Symbolic Public Acts
4 Y( k0 T6 Q% _0 B1 u% t' L. K, d 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( k$ q, x v! R2 y* g# a- F
19. Wearing of symbols& k) y! B4 f2 |' v( l# C7 \
20. Prayer and worship3 ~" I* `( i7 h, z7 j+ K, L+ h
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 k: {1 @: L6 y; d 22. Protest disrobings
# g0 N+ m9 T$ ^5 H 23. Destruction of own property+ m( S. ~" d" r
24. Symbolic lights* w+ k- a. C% U0 G& C: ?
25. Displays of portraits6 [& }- m+ o2 V1 n* E$ c
26. Paint as protest
4 p! ^/ i3 q/ V L1 d { 27. New signs and names
) t4 u1 p% v# p0 I* }8 R 28. Symbolic sounds, B/ G; D7 J2 a$ r- ?# E: u
29. Symbolic reclamations
: X5 [# E( I% e/ e( y 30. Rude gestures
: G, w3 D6 Z' R0 S0 S7 s3 C4 L5 f* v6 j* [
Pressures on Individuals
, {8 l$ H4 V4 Q 31. “Haunting” officials: o* r) |1 @0 A. [! f% F& Y
32. Taunting officials4 P! e7 a" T# n( i3 z! y* K
33. Fraternization
. s2 m4 Q y3 z4 J/ `$ ]$ Q& z. Y 34. Vigils+ ^+ _0 `5 @ t
3 m* n! a" e/ l' B+ xDrama and Music5 k2 W6 Q1 |3 L" o1 X+ L
35. Humorous skits and pranks
; P5 u$ i9 w j( i$ b. g 36. Performances of plays and music& b4 K) g: K5 M; e) i2 U# Z/ S' }
37. Singing4 [( [5 l& w' z; F1 S2 n& U: k# \
, s0 H0 X. S: p
Processions5 g1 n4 G+ A; k, ?! P4 Q
38. Marches4 T8 q' T, v. B9 C0 q3 A
39. Parades$ c+ v: A7 I6 c1 |
40. Religious processions
, m1 C# J" A( c/ k 41. Pilgrimages# Z4 M7 L% n" M& J
42. Motorcades+ w$ x$ ]" k2 f3 Y$ D
1 {% d' c1 G% Y4 N' VHonoring the Dead( m+ `( w! k1 s8 Y5 h7 }1 v7 \" Q
43. Political mourning
7 v& j8 H2 u# u# L9 m$ r8 j 44. Mock funerals+ q: Y0 o% Q, Z( U. X+ j
45. Demonstrative funerals3 `7 F! g( }, b O2 J* W
46. Homage at burial places/ G, k" v4 z6 ^/ `
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Public Assemblies. h& l3 Z, J' ^* n" W
47. Assemblies of protest or support) h% k3 X1 M) F+ I; u8 U, {
48. Protest meetings' Y* ^# a- Q* V2 X
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; e% g S; o- Q" ~2 O9 c- Y 50. Teach-ins+ o6 P$ m5 ]4 Y7 V' E
C0 s9 l* c) @7 x5 Q' M5 D' `7 `
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) d+ V8 p2 f2 X8 l% ~ 51. Walk-outs d; d B/ w9 m
52. Silence R0 L* j. i) n% g) E2 W3 [0 T
53. Renouncing honors+ b9 }0 E/ ^+ Z+ {" F
54. Turning one’s back
9 E" n% i }( h; K& q" Q4 \
8 |5 M1 P+ I, T& e5 `* Q) _ 1 H/ l' m1 w% n; Y, J
4 _& L2 I8 n3 T! ~3 NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION e9 ]( L _ A" g/ \
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Ostracism of Persons
+ ]% |) z2 K. r8 x. P" i1 n( z" H 55. Social boycott8 S* z% z1 ?: l+ M8 {
56. Selective social boycott
* G0 ~1 U9 u. N4 f: X9 P 57. Lysistratic nonaction( Z, V L3 R9 J+ ?/ d5 f
58. Excommunication
8 y ~' t8 N: q. m+ m 59. Interdict
% i, I! d1 E% [+ }* p+ x1 b8 X
* |; k- [8 d! C8 w( b( pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 K, }! T, {; S. l 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, N: y+ J. Y9 n) z$ T; j' X 61. Boycott of social affairs1 b5 f8 @5 N& }" g# t0 i+ A" E
62. Student strike% ^+ W$ v! y4 J* S5 D' c" W( j
63. Social disobedience
$ Q- j: P4 E9 ~ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& m- E ?. N. p" y& j& L# Z# E+ m1 E
# z* x$ q9 J* Z# h# ~% Z) E2 n
Withdrawal from the Social System
6 N& U: S k2 W2 Y4 Z$ a 65. Stay-at-home3 h! ~0 p. X6 S W3 C% B$ x6 b
66. Total personal noncooperation( _6 W3 h3 r" R n% U$ l7 \ c
67. “Flight” of workers$ B; ]2 x8 }( N! |( f# W( \
68. Sanctuary* P" m" b1 t$ G' u, C
69. Collective disappearance
2 i0 ]6 P7 ~) y9 C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 J% c4 C& o; s w! k7 m% d4 @" r
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' A9 o8 p+ o% T
+ D# Q2 @8 r# h# u/ @% Q
. A9 z/ N6 o& U, V! YActions by Consumers* A! D$ B Z" s! X1 i! ?6 e
71. Consumers’ boycott
) N/ b) e9 ~: F 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) {8 _6 _& T% d: d. n- L$ I
73. Policy of austerity
" K/ V: E P" T2 z7 X9 Z 74. Rent withholding* A: m; L( i, K
75. Refusal to rent# e3 U6 x) r; o# R- Q" @
76. National consumers’ boycott8 n5 T. x9 g7 L* V2 W8 B( @+ V
77. International consumers’ boycott
* r8 T y* o- A7 ]* [) U6 V+ _6 F# q3 ?2 w% v$ x; a
Action by Workers and Producers
: _2 r, Y) J5 y$ i/ ^: k 78. Workmen’s boycott
! g; \& U7 B2 c/ ?& c; S" y/ R* p- v 79. Producers’ boycott
7 L; m" B/ J/ ]) o9 Z) Y( @8 m3 g. n6 {. k# Z
Action by Middlemen
2 U0 V! x! [& z% @7 J 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 e0 a w7 \7 A4 u
" O! b$ M; Z+ {" O$ M! x) F+ ZAction by Owners and Management
! D2 A0 |. _7 W7 c( q( Y 81. Traders’ boycott
0 S. M' Z. g: q! S+ S' v" P. S0 k 82. Refusal to let or sell property' S6 w1 G. T0 o, D/ [- j
83. Lockout' ^( |! M) h- h' d1 [+ ~7 q4 r
84. Refusal of industrial assistance* S- x& T! i. _6 k
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ k9 ?5 h6 N! G! @- E. O7 G3 l U, R4 U& v& X
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
# `" U8 c: J0 E* S 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ W, o0 Y$ D+ |/ C( F4 k
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
3 v( @4 c9 R# o" X6 h* n; P 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' J. z* D9 U* O, ^4 z 89. Severance of funds and credit
$ n7 M# _4 v2 R7 }0 h. ^0 K) ^ 90. Revenue refusal! n4 c5 K, D( n) @
91. Refusal of a government’s money2 R0 n% D% t) l+ `- Q7 ?+ y$ W3 F
1 [: ?& W z+ m- `# R, eAction by Governments
* n/ Q+ u5 }. K! V) h( ~( j 92. Domestic embargo: f; ]2 ]. h/ O) w
93. Blacklisting of traders- A* M$ j; Z8 m: o' `
94. International sellers’ embargo
* j( M8 z+ I4 S, M6 u& } 95. International buyers’ embargo3 q6 H, W0 K8 _# l9 _- [
96. International trade embargo! f- i+ _( B9 C2 @* H6 _' a* \% D
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7 f/ u1 T. U5 h' |; Z- `! G! r+ w; n! \% b: s, W/ a5 Z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ ]: K" B& y& \. R7 y/ J5 f
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7 C& ? y" _4 Q( FSymbolic Strikes9 i$ K: E- G' b0 J. R
97. Protest strike9 n$ K1 ]' |9 o) C, e, G, R) a$ c
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). A" z7 o: t: d- K4 u
1 r1 c1 j; j/ s }Agricultural Strikes* }' d; B. O2 ^; l
99. Peasant strike% o4 u1 h! f! I# d+ i6 t( @
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 e z, z, l8 t2 b' O2 B# t/ X6 {
+ A& R& k& c8 {! |5 ~
Strikes by Special Groups% @+ ^! K7 E9 x1 u4 `
101. Refusal of impressed labor; m) M+ ` e! H8 @$ R! c$ v& ^3 V
102. Prisoners’ strike
9 z, s8 V1 G: U9 _9 G X 103. Craft strike7 ~* `4 s: I( Z
104. Professional strike8 k% ]3 q$ Q- F2 m0 c1 I( g
8 z; a" S3 s9 g, T' k3 `" c- g2 eOrdinary Industrial Strikes
! a! g4 m9 B3 o1 t 105. Establishment strike" S2 j2 i; ~0 C
106. Industry strike2 p( m8 \. E% [2 f" b9 p3 H
107. Sympathetic strike
( C$ n$ F- m' k! k2 T! j; j
- C0 K+ F5 v; f7 ^- C0 J3 JRestricted Strikes. V; Q7 d8 L$ w8 N9 R- S# p
108. Detailed strike0 I; p% b& u# Z0 q2 |
109. Bumper strike
$ [) Z; i2 G$ |4 i 110. Slowdown strike& @2 l% V# s) B0 k. b: u
111. Working-to-rule strike
7 N# L3 P5 k( M' R9 E8 y, [ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 S: b& V, g' i
113. Strike by resignation$ j6 F: I* N' j& n% u
114. Limited strike, S5 m0 Y, |% [% @* X6 I
115. Selective strike
7 V4 Q- `- R$ F+ v/ t0 M& ?; l7 U+ T0 v& O
Multi-Industry Strikes0 j& J( p3 d0 a; q7 {8 R9 ^
! R [8 z( X K9 I 116. Generalized strike# B8 {# P( V2 @$ _$ v
* m' N4 o- j2 t4 i# p 117. General strike% P) D( a5 L8 @- K
+ h; g) i Z3 T- }" `# m+ FCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 S% X$ R0 O4 W+ D0 }' | h( ]* h6 _# J T& V, V! U) t- p
118. Hartal' y% Y$ ~2 m& L# q, Y8 {4 B8 L: I( c
3 x+ T. c9 E) @0 O
119. Economic shutdown
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/ y) G1 u3 l$ Z% ATHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 `( w0 G7 S# ?: P! y( b
( X; c% v+ X) t; B" B( Q" b 1 ?0 N/ [. v8 W, N- p& M, w# l
Rejection of Authority5 F5 g7 Q$ j1 p8 I7 r% }+ Q1 p3 k
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# ]' w4 F. X+ {( ?7 P 121. Refusal of public support" B* h3 {) _* U' F: m* {" h
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' s2 i9 v, o5 R D5 Z) }0 k! B6 L/ H/ [& r8 J* f4 s
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( O* w/ f y# u2 w$ P* k4 z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; i' ^: a- V( J+ n
124. Boycott of elections2 O; J2 H" S6 {: L. [$ \+ t
125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ |3 r* C0 V4 _3 S
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
! _( l: }2 ^5 [ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; r7 Z; j; W( f( P7 s( s" o# b
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' ]( L! f/ Z& {$ m/ I9 q3 y2 _ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ J7 G+ j: j: k+ G
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 M6 F& h9 W; P0 i% I, i2 N 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
: ?! J; F- `3 `: l2 g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# n0 V) Z( X |% m8 }* [, N
- ^; D4 b- T) LCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 n7 q, h$ A% W. q8 G. w+ j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ d" f; f$ |) F$ ~
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. T7 o4 ]* p4 ^, K6 g; P 135. Popular nonobedience, m( B' y+ f2 l
136. Disguised disobedience* w3 |7 P; c9 M0 c- s+ m" b& R
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ t( h- j! F" \ 138. Sitdown
+ U4 U9 P3 x) _ A# L Q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* f* R, v b; ~5 I7 C7 z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: ^4 c$ ^8 \8 U- m- f
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ R/ t; u6 M% [. Q+ [& S2 d! M6 y5 n' i
" I2 s* U2 Q* G; |0 OAction by Government Personnel, Y! Q+ y; N- q& U
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
, O( H5 H8 b9 R- U$ ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 y1 E' a9 h4 d8 B7 w 144. Stalling and obstruction
5 U+ q4 d) n2 b" N$ y 145. General administrative noncooperation7 T4 W$ R7 A8 s2 G) Y$ @
7 k" v' f! E% D- i; l6 }' L 146. Judicial noncooperation
o0 b4 z+ d; X$ |+ H) J9 @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 |4 F8 }2 n( n# A, h# F0 A
148. Mutiny6 P0 k1 H* f8 l; y; E* d- j9 |6 Z3 X* i
Domestic Governmental Action, s4 B, e1 B" W, H
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 O& i9 a/ P$ D1 k2 v; q# K6 X. w7 e1 ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: g* X+ F0 D* i( b/ @. a8 \: v9 l2 I% Z/ q3 s
International Governmental Action
# q2 W( ~% ^- X5 i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: Z8 ?2 N, F0 i7 @+ U9 X8 c 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 P) p9 x; N, y6 l) _$ h: b
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ V+ e( [9 q( M2 [
154. Severance of diplomatic relations: v; [& x' `4 _0 n' M: o3 N1 L
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ D4 j0 _! _8 k/ W* h( X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: @! _ C0 d1 N& ]
157. Expulsion from international organizations+ n) l% L6 d+ B u
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8 B* M6 Y6 h z2 K& A |( A
4 D6 P' d9 n: Y$ O" H; TTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 a# O' p9 b6 b
% r$ ^ h- a4 D- w L
4 w/ l* E" j8 w# c" {, ~0 S; t5 \: [Psychological Intervention
& g w' ~* Z7 ]- m; d 158. Self-exposure to the elements. |: k! c& E& i2 l, K: q
159. The fast" h+ v8 a2 r" C
a) Fast of moral pressure% K( T+ X) k/ I8 c* ^5 v, Z
b) Hunger strike
; B1 c( _: p) N c) Satyagrahic fast
6 l1 m$ @( t9 P3 v+ ~ 160. Reverse trial, {* |- G: ~/ C: F2 k1 ^ d
161. Nonviolent harassment0 ^# ^9 F& l/ y0 ?. Y
R9 i0 X3 |- V9 _9 {2 A+ q" GPhysical Intervention) [- k" q* Z- U+ Z
162. Sit-in
( q1 _/ x- t+ w1 a1 \ 163. Stand-in' T& h% `- I3 G5 ]6 F, W
164. Ride-in/ S8 K% ~# L/ G8 X& L
165. Wade-in1 N% K: q" _$ W C
166. Mill-in
3 r. M; C- _9 s+ J" o 167. Pray-in- i" P4 B; j- ^6 r* O
168. Nonviolent raids
( z& q2 L8 e! h* Q2 r 169. Nonviolent air raids
+ k: p7 X$ O! A* L; @7 s$ K$ ~8 p 170. Nonviolent invasion
8 @/ D" I9 {! I$ j' g' @ T 171. Nonviolent interjection# _( U4 Z3 L( Y2 T. D( r" D
172. Nonviolent obstruction% e! \9 _$ T4 Q: s
173. Nonviolent occupation
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. X8 B$ n$ _4 E1 Y @Social Intervention
' v% k2 T- B$ E; @% `% v4 u8 l# W 174. Establishing new social patterns* @; O# }. H0 F, C
175. Overloading of facilities6 i! T0 G& @5 @# \) n
176. Stall-in; _ z2 g5 O9 \4 W+ f2 A& y3 b2 I
177. Speak-in
# F% c, S. G- `; e* z 178. Guerrilla theater c" W" C" ?. f1 F
179. Alternative social institutions& P2 H4 R5 p& K
180. Alternative communication system
2 H" n% L( K6 R
5 R/ V( K4 z! AEconomic Intervention0 X4 R, A$ Z7 i; {) |1 `% D
181. Reverse strike( a$ \) j" ^4 P' c3 o
182. Stay-in strike9 D" d1 a; Q( A( V9 q% q1 g
183. Nonviolent land seizure
! h( G. `7 Y- Q: l0 A, m' \ F, N, K 184. Defiance of blockades
( ^1 U; V) m; X) ^ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. K' D1 x9 q9 p9 ]& o V
186. Preclusive purchasing f% N' S) J1 O
187. Seizure of assets
% [, K; z: F% Y2 C5 j 188. Dumping
9 c% K& T% d$ M 189. Selective patronage& Z( ^# w! D- M) q2 `
190. Alternative markets0 t* n8 e Y- I# N
191. Alternative transportation systems8 O" u- H4 b' A& |* R" w1 J
192. Alternative economic institutions1 }7 }: U) C& H8 x% _$ a
2 H `8 ]+ _5 r9 s
Political Intervention
0 E" B" U4 L: |3 B D6 L! D 193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 p* |3 K, _5 Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 U% t/ D% z$ L' r& p
195. Seeking imprisonment
+ k; `, m6 b* y( W1 D 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
+ y, z8 ~% [8 @6 Z 197. Work-on without collaboration" J1 h( S5 ~3 F( ]( K" u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" ~* L. h6 d9 q9 I8 Z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
