 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- u' D- j' d s Y) WFormal Statements
3 @. H) V' x2 z. q- M" X 1. Public Speeches
" H9 d$ \+ u) K# q Q0 [ 2. Letters of opposition or support
9 D6 K1 z2 m; _ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ {) s* }8 x, d4 e 4. Signed public statements
6 C, j0 t' Z8 w8 R3 [- ^ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention) g R$ K7 l6 o
6. Group or mass petitions4 n8 H! ]& ?) V" ^
- W* T0 N# i- D! }' X6 mCommunications with a Wider Audience& l0 e" `& ?3 Y+ ?
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ n8 S* W+ O4 u9 ^ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
w5 e: a7 t( V4 U) l+ P3 `- L! }& l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 N2 D; t- G. _& J# y2 V$ r# F6 B
10. Newspapers and journals$ } v& M9 D% x7 ?( A
11. Records, radio, and television
U1 n1 a2 @1 T- R6 t 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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; ] Q g A( z- AGroup Representations
4 s7 c+ `" m S$ { 13. Deputations
/ u9 Y- D, p) ]( ?2 i# ~. Y 14. Mock awards
4 A8 @1 p2 K; m( h/ K 15. Group lobbying3 g% z" l: E: I# q: @" G
16. Picketing
' N6 {. x! @) X* f8 b' o 17. Mock elections
& ^3 E% i$ F$ p+ k* i
) G* }) u+ [1 a. H+ d" w. RSymbolic Public Acts/ U4 l2 |# |9 t! J$ U
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; y" G. N7 \& ]" q( O* t. O9 R 19. Wearing of symbols
3 c# w% N3 s2 [; Y 20. Prayer and worship
1 t. F! c- n( \3 @ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: c# i- h# @6 F3 T1 I) j* j 22. Protest disrobings
! b6 s1 g5 |( z: y 23. Destruction of own property* y, h5 @9 i) S% `- Z( p. h$ g
24. Symbolic lights" U* Y P: i+ Y: u- B
25. Displays of portraits
" f5 y' W- z h& S" G+ w) G 26. Paint as protest
- v4 m1 d0 x6 h 27. New signs and names
3 `1 N! e# H! T, s! V 28. Symbolic sounds, R, X. ?2 F' k0 A+ o
29. Symbolic reclamations
* @/ @* c9 k9 Y$ s" O x/ r 30. Rude gestures
7 I. M, P8 x/ c6 F6 P& X; e0 Z5 o' ?( X# @$ j6 |
Pressures on Individuals
0 Z# R7 h& b, F6 w0 f 31. “Haunting” officials
, O) m) q; _4 S1 K' Z* R# ]( Q 32. Taunting officials6 U# R# k) R2 m
33. Fraternization
) i* K2 w- u. B" L9 l, O 34. Vigils
) _7 W, @# `+ R, W6 B& x. O. k" q. m0 T A
Drama and Music
) T3 N; [+ y7 y 35. Humorous skits and pranks6 [& Q/ F4 y! L6 r( S2 `
36. Performances of plays and music
) U9 O% f, w1 X& z5 h 37. Singing7 w6 G+ p! \4 ~0 T( M/ a
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Processions) I. C7 s3 C: B7 L) L
38. Marches
" I' T( Y6 O/ E: h 39. Parades
- _7 O7 \! M' E& u. \4 {1 n4 X 40. Religious processions
3 D; B3 H3 E4 p, ]. E" n 41. Pilgrimages* r* {" |8 Z( z3 _
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead5 a% \7 f; t% ~ J& K2 j
43. Political mourning3 q3 R) C# `6 O
44. Mock funerals2 `( c' Y9 q" w" R
45. Demonstrative funerals
* d# E" @$ |3 O/ x4 u 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
: [( |6 L0 K/ G6 Y0 X: e 47. Assemblies of protest or support( E' L: Q* Q( Y1 N) A R
48. Protest meetings5 s" e6 g' k1 n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 S. q2 F/ o) k9 o3 S5 {/ ` 50. Teach-ins3 z4 W* N( C: N) Y4 `0 P* g
5 }5 K/ w; f& y8 L" g
Withdrawal and Renunciation7 V7 J2 t- F: v5 q" ~3 v6 }# q; r
51. Walk-outs) f! q3 O8 n }5 I
52. Silence' H9 j' e7 Z& U+ U$ L8 W
53. Renouncing honors0 ^/ h# w+ R8 f- y" O4 Q5 R
54. Turning one’s back" |5 k: P" z- u' h
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9 d; D7 @/ I* T" b. i7 HTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
K) C- g! Q9 V* ]4 E 55. Social boycott
- l# v! _7 _& {( N3 | o7 Y7 [6 Y 56. Selective social boycott' {" k% X7 ~- A2 M; i9 z& A
57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ @# {2 T: f7 E0 o7 O 58. Excommunication
: q, d* X) y4 T2 \' g' M 59. Interdict4 B% n! k8 v) K t. \
n; R4 ?' ?. [) CNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
. N5 w# T6 _' |% H/ a6 c) A" c( @; o 60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 h6 g% a% u9 g$ K$ I0 ~! J/ \8 `
61. Boycott of social affairs
* g; F& k" ^) P1 c7 }! q% Y 62. Student strike6 {" |1 e- d& V/ t" I
63. Social disobedience
/ ^4 u* B" r5 P8 j2 ?! x1 M" G7 j 64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 H1 w/ h, I& x, W, S1 f. M3 K
2 d# A" ]0 C3 X# I t+ |. n% \6 vWithdrawal from the Social System
# S* @, v( n" O 65. Stay-at-home6 r) Q9 N6 F6 U6 ?! R1 }! B0 T
66. Total personal noncooperation
D2 I! j# m' ~ 67. “Flight” of workers
9 `" P% @& g7 Q5 y 68. Sanctuary- W4 B" z1 s( N8 s `0 {' a+ H* H
69. Collective disappearance
+ [$ v4 j8 h! I5 T# |; z" w! S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
, g a9 \8 [+ b& b0 B# p 71. Consumers’ boycott2 Y3 B: E# h% d& s
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ _, K% K) v* K+ o4 Y
73. Policy of austerity& f- [( v6 J3 J( u
74. Rent withholding
4 h) j7 o% S# E1 ]9 U 75. Refusal to rent3 Z2 \; O3 r) b4 C- F1 g2 R
76. National consumers’ boycott$ v# e% a. f4 o1 g4 a
77. International consumers’ boycott, @* Z# |2 A& L4 n
; i# j5 G, i6 Z) gAction by Workers and Producers
7 h# r8 M) O, F2 U8 j 78. Workmen’s boycott j8 ~" c. X7 O" ^- {0 m6 y
79. Producers’ boycott6 k6 N& a1 C3 m. ~5 S( z& v1 [
' q, h7 {) U6 [: B9 G, KAction by Middlemen
! T) U1 P) {' Q R7 ^ S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
& q7 `1 }; M! {) y. ^0 g2 j 81. Traders’ boycott
& d* ^4 s4 ~7 x. S+ I 82. Refusal to let or sell property I5 R. U, Q+ O: l$ |: ~1 e; |
83. Lockout
2 k" h: n- r m( s9 i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 t! X# N3 G, m4 @- l7 M/ r 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. d: F; b1 G( h Q& m: f" z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 x: G) n& b! X
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- \. N8 E- d& z" P! n9 O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: F3 K" t R$ J8 [- x
89. Severance of funds and credit
- W2 A( U' O; }! v7 S 90. Revenue refusal
6 {+ R) [8 L3 w. B! `5 V3 i9 \" P 91. Refusal of a government’s money' B+ A( ~+ U% V$ d d! |
: f# ~ ?! u9 l/ C& c5 g/ {+ M% }+ aAction by Governments
8 ]: p* O+ _5 D& E$ d) E% i; K4 _3 Y 92. Domestic embargo; N3 z& i4 r3 X/ \% W
93. Blacklisting of traders
2 J9 D- Z% @( _+ i5 V 94. International sellers’ embargo
j5 U/ b: S& \# B8 S. n) S 95. International buyers’ embargo3 u# s: r! J* N9 |% f4 w9 @) a5 v9 P+ R
96. International trade embargo
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" v5 b! V4 z$ K: G5 m! UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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5 G% J, _8 F* \3 @& d+ f
Symbolic Strikes' W9 Z& Z6 W5 z8 n7 V8 [; w; {
97. Protest strike
7 L: ^% w- M. }- ~$ L$ }& S 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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Agricultural Strikes
3 T j/ I" |# b" ~3 B2 ]7 o 99. Peasant strike
; X3 X' @6 g' v+ u9 m3 |0 }% v& O2 V4 E 100. Farm Workers’ strike5 D2 ^: _3 j! z& V- c
7 C f% Y: P2 V: I5 T/ T+ o, R
Strikes by Special Groups* t+ I* S7 q5 D& j% ]! p
101. Refusal of impressed labor
* n8 g/ Y1 q5 ~) T" q$ a: w 102. Prisoners’ strike
1 ?/ ]4 ^' i3 |% V 103. Craft strike
/ Y7 e' J$ n6 v f 104. Professional strike
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9 _4 z* T9 m* @, c; b( cOrdinary Industrial Strikes0 Z8 T* C+ \0 r9 w0 A
105. Establishment strike
6 L# G; K8 P R2 S/ h! j) s# X 106. Industry strike
( c. n5 d1 N; |' }2 f, v1 X- } 107. Sympathetic strike5 l m- u" m, V$ A8 m2 e& y
! K9 X, D; R& P8 m7 rRestricted Strikes
3 G+ C( l. i. [9 T 108. Detailed strike
/ x N* J/ z) c ^3 f 109. Bumper strike
. h$ k) k( m8 ?9 b W9 T 110. Slowdown strike" l) u% f+ }. a) K A
111. Working-to-rule strike
: t. ]. m) N ~+ \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; j* M& H- w6 j- m 113. Strike by resignation
3 ^- y* D9 T9 X0 j$ P* |) s 114. Limited strike
; y, F" S0 d' [ 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes( @: _7 O, ?- U& e
6 |2 m- O( S) C1 c0 g% F' z6 ?' y
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike3 m2 ?2 R# n0 k3 q
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; [3 x% I" `( S5 s- j: v4 Y/ _; x
. e. L1 n# ^' b 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown" i6 C3 a. {, X! W7 t5 z4 V. X9 \
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! h, B. _+ ~/ H, X- Z
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Rejection of Authority& I/ t, H f% C& a2 @, c" Y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 V6 h; i5 Y) w) t 121. Refusal of public support- j. N, K7 {: ?1 i" Y4 z S1 M
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 Q8 t$ K5 U) M! W9 R) o
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* C( @7 j A, n: e7 a 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: D2 x1 Q; h+ J% i 124. Boycott of elections
/ E7 F- R9 p3 p! n! { 125. Boycott of government employment and positions' k7 e& c0 U, h' D' m
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) F$ q7 S6 E% |6 K
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- Z( r# @( D" y( L+ ^* M6 B 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations! m* d5 F' L. d5 @( f; @* c$ T7 p
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) M& A; C+ a) j$ K# ]6 F2 O 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 Q8 e3 L5 z0 G 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 q- s; y1 Z! ]8 g, P
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 S( U1 x# t$ B5 m9 w/ ^+ F
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 }/ d0 k% C2 ?2 e, H: @: [: B& p* j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 T8 I0 Z% ?7 ?6 n" q! w' w( ~ { 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 i; Q, \& q! T3 Z5 X( z) { 135. Popular nonobedience
7 ]4 s! _8 L8 |. ^# H4 c 136. Disguised disobedience
2 I. P% ? _: n 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- V& e) x. |& X9 f
138. Sitdown' X! D: D% |1 I: l
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& W" ?- E! N+ U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' w- L1 u3 N: v
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 j$ v3 f- x5 m# l6 L; @
j* R% S; `% zAction by Government Personnel
7 r9 T" V8 r2 s' B- U1 b/ L0 X! N4 O0 ]0 u 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, ?, J5 X) L! g+ {
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 Z1 R) N# Y7 g, p$ T
144. Stalling and obstruction
: I0 W+ X" K4 _# I1 E& ?* t4 e6 Q" Q 145. General administrative noncooperation
* }) }! j: g G( e( {6 @/ D! K: ]
+ L: w) N+ E9 P1 t( k+ W 146. Judicial noncooperation
. O* ?, E* y5 f& T: w 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ v/ ~: A2 i% d0 _9 S" C* p 148. Mutiny
5 a6 v$ f1 p. @Domestic Governmental Action
3 `& w( b5 U4 P5 r 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 h- ?* k% x) g1 | 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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4 D% @6 m" |; Q8 j- E) `International Governmental Action
. Y; p% _7 p; w+ } 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& ~) V9 \, c" l7 X7 n x a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 b/ H4 }# a' `; g/ D# |! d7 R9 }: W$ n
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( V" F# n0 j% m- T! U2 R 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ T4 g5 Z9 F L5 s9 Q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ ~, x& T! x: X/ P0 i1 Q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 `2 [9 Z% K" k 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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+ _8 g: B: _: s# ? `THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
* y% z ?6 M' e0 S 158. Self-exposure to the elements
! {+ M4 M! p7 C2 j, N 159. The fast9 ], m# T- j D3 I; E T0 @
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 N( z! C1 w/ u) b b) Hunger strike) Y( s$ K9 l( D5 P5 z0 U
c) Satyagrahic fast
- X9 s; g( U: O% c9 {4 e$ U 160. Reverse trial
% C; Z' Z6 E' p3 o* W+ V 161. Nonviolent harassment( P, f* i; g9 X$ b1 ], Y
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Physical Intervention
) S( W p. S- f4 g0 ^ w 162. Sit-in& W+ `" O8 g- \; ]6 p& V4 U& b$ O
163. Stand-in1 v5 l5 \$ M+ W3 u# t1 J" `
164. Ride-in) \, s/ `* j1 F: I
165. Wade-in0 }/ |% ` }% A, T5 p7 F
166. Mill-in Q( Z$ \; [8 V* C" h
167. Pray-in
6 ^6 u* M8 n3 N, G! ~ r1 Y 168. Nonviolent raids
: }& Y2 h& z V: T5 G 169. Nonviolent air raids
" r/ o4 v# t" d1 ?; |3 Y' L9 y% a 170. Nonviolent invasion
2 Y, S3 i* i5 Z' Z$ K+ z 171. Nonviolent interjection+ R8 M& \* Q; j8 p/ |
172. Nonviolent obstruction0 V @: f6 W# w( q6 O
173. Nonviolent occupation6 d! M$ p8 A' q6 |
9 d' t( z+ y, a, ]Social Intervention
3 n+ A6 n" |0 W5 R( y# | 174. Establishing new social patterns: l0 ]1 W' ^% J6 N* u+ e3 U" _
175. Overloading of facilities7 } `5 P3 l( C/ n) k& w8 V s
176. Stall-in% x) R, J; x( W+ w. n. U
177. Speak-in
( D) K! M% H+ H& W$ h3 {: u2 A 178. Guerrilla theater
. z' j) n7 W# P& k+ m 179. Alternative social institutions
. I& C9 A. ^( S/ Z 180. Alternative communication system; e5 `$ P m9 ]2 y0 _' b
6 R% t7 B, W6 m& w8 i" P; cEconomic Intervention
9 `' Z1 R5 R0 P' ]0 ? 181. Reverse strike! r$ Y# ~$ Z5 i1 |
182. Stay-in strike# G* |" n' r7 Z2 I
183. Nonviolent land seizure' [! t' }, T- O3 |
184. Defiance of blockades
( l. j; {" B! S. c6 Q 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ H8 V( Y1 k& ]
186. Preclusive purchasing
( O' u8 H3 X' ?/ Z% o( n( C 187. Seizure of assets q4 S* G- Z/ d% g1 ^ X, O
188. Dumping8 f7 l; ]* c J+ b) M7 i+ ?
189. Selective patronage2 B* f' z% j( p- H% X$ d
190. Alternative markets% e, |& B1 U: ?8 \/ p/ D1 J
191. Alternative transportation systems5 r8 p2 g8 g2 d& g4 b0 l
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention
) h; h; w' U( J# d: y% ? 193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ c0 d0 Z0 d7 b7 u/ U9 h/ E 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 O( B' O+ i! u( c" C7 Z. ?; v; p1 B
195. Seeking imprisonment
* e" l& s v* D( H; ~ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; ?8 j( {$ v* O* |7 w 197. Work-on without collaboration
z5 i; Z; @0 [ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
