 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 l+ E$ c5 p( f4 p1 `1 ` F- w9 U, J
Formal Statements! Y. x& _; ]3 m
1. Public Speeches1 P1 j# g C+ n9 Q) ?, ^( l
2. Letters of opposition or support
, y' _ U, }3 |+ G0 N9 K 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 P) p5 ^3 g5 b6 t, ~) A' d 4. Signed public statements1 g9 J7 y4 Q' b% f( m
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ m* h3 ^: z/ N, y% |0 O 6. Group or mass petitions* P. M% Q& [' H/ h$ z: ?( D
7 y8 g) z1 @+ P* ZCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 _8 m }' z) u9 ?! w3 O7 g; k 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 Y. x; M: `& z* L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 w% a) z9 { I) P# n
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" Y: Z V C& A! ]" [9 d
10. Newspapers and journals
6 P H1 b/ X% A S: x+ H6 ^ 11. Records, radio, and television X7 R1 ^/ G( z: s* k/ T# ^
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 m/ R4 l2 ~0 c. d& ~+ L
# Q" r( [0 }% h; L, f3 G# \Group Representations0 O& T9 S5 U- Z" B
13. Deputations; {( E1 C/ ?1 E& H9 E
14. Mock awards! i; n+ |$ W* O4 F
15. Group lobbying0 m, Y0 O* D* y
16. Picketing
+ Y' ~. ^, v3 x' M 17. Mock elections8 y# o1 X4 L7 ^" W1 ~1 l( a
! `1 l+ X/ J0 E. `Symbolic Public Acts
% U; I: p( x4 R) U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& S" t( R/ L2 E. n/ E 19. Wearing of symbols' A/ U; Q+ u0 x* |
20. Prayer and worship
. K# d" `" j- T& K' j+ | 21. Delivering symbolic objects
' l% n" z0 O: i# ^ | 22. Protest disrobings! U/ S: G# W9 @1 m D& m
23. Destruction of own property+ u& J+ P: |- z' ~
24. Symbolic lights$ {7 R$ E) }' g* k8 K! T1 N
25. Displays of portraits! @+ z5 S- b, b) P
26. Paint as protest
$ J# a; D# e7 O; ~ U 27. New signs and names$ y8 d6 ?& A2 r, a# c+ i, K
28. Symbolic sounds
1 H( J% I) `% n( } 29. Symbolic reclamations
# c) x. c% r3 D6 x8 Q% L" c 30. Rude gestures
2 i- o, z8 h) s5 C( y5 F- @) p/ l9 R0 h7 g
Pressures on Individuals
( ?/ C3 P6 @1 g* G$ b" _. U/ S/ l 31. “Haunting” officials
- ?/ q' P" t1 r- X" S# ~2 J5 p 32. Taunting officials
, r1 e" e* I) [; Q0 b6 l' @" H+ g 33. Fraternization' T9 Y5 x- Q1 r1 C% B" d! M4 E
34. Vigils y( B# N9 d2 F$ O
: p( v) m* ?! E( w/ P4 f- B) qDrama and Music$ I- Y& T6 c, s9 g" ^6 N. G
35. Humorous skits and pranks" b# Q* g/ u# Y4 Z5 b
36. Performances of plays and music
2 K" G9 z. a1 l- P1 x0 s, E 37. Singing) c+ J2 f& ~' V. Q
1 \) j% h" q7 K% s' ]Processions% R# [ U7 z' ~
38. Marches7 q& T4 t0 N( d6 x5 |, t
39. Parades- H! _* f2 E( f
40. Religious processions
5 u9 u& L: M/ C% Y. G 41. Pilgrimages$ \/ x3 C& H. u6 C
42. Motorcades
+ \& m8 d! N* Y: j1 `% ]; a* ]3 U: @
Honoring the Dead6 o& l' b. \% a
43. Political mourning
3 w8 y6 a i Q3 i 44. Mock funerals) O6 j9 @# T, ]/ X$ @$ K' A
45. Demonstrative funerals
8 I9 ] y4 u; E$ t 46. Homage at burial places4 Y, k. g& f2 O4 X! V7 \! u% t
3 ]$ x) K8 O2 UPublic Assemblies
& h4 q f4 e1 ?1 t$ E9 K P 47. Assemblies of protest or support
: A) F# L j6 a( K 48. Protest meetings& E5 k) q. O" W4 x( @4 Q7 |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: Z5 K8 s( { W 50. Teach-ins6 l c: l0 M! D
C' t' e+ N1 n8 A. Y
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 a- p0 J: V& {
51. Walk-outs- s9 Q+ R1 M- t: H& p1 L# c/ t. e
52. Silence
2 ?( M; i T+ ]' Z3 n 53. Renouncing honors2 e1 Q) x% k. H5 {" Z
54. Turning one’s back
0 _! a( s/ X- Y) Q; \
3 B0 N" b- g% ^ s4 r* {, R, b $ j* d! x2 j* G; s2 y+ I+ H6 R
5 a: @* i6 u: d; J5 s' a
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& y9 E" ?, {: O, `
5 U1 U# b, g+ I) Y$ e
3 q% ~( Y/ c" k; c
u% }2 D. d* {" ~ L: \! e) aOstracism of Persons
, r3 t* C3 {; c: Y; i 55. Social boycott+ \0 p( w D Y# G" ?! ^
56. Selective social boycott
( S) s0 ^6 _& x c# E$ P 57. Lysistratic nonaction$ n1 w/ z8 J+ ]/ K* d
58. Excommunication
8 j! H) W% r* b6 L2 E0 S$ {4 H 59. Interdict* I# L5 j7 F0 f! H" _1 P7 k
9 W, n- r7 V" z K& Y3 p
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions' M7 ~: O# P; w; E: B7 W* S# l, _
60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ U/ q8 V- |% a, a, V/ b
61. Boycott of social affairs
! B% {3 T. P5 O$ Y% p% A) d( i) u 62. Student strike9 D" z: N; t. r( `5 d# R( n$ Q) A
63. Social disobedience
/ y$ s: t/ y7 i1 y$ E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions, ^# e. b% W f/ U4 I4 u: {% d
3 R y4 }) E- S/ Q; J9 q0 n$ Y( m/ P9 u
Withdrawal from the Social System
: h/ j5 b+ f6 |$ D2 t7 x 65. Stay-at-home
, _% {# ?# H, | 66. Total personal noncooperation) ?" i" j3 O# _" [
67. “Flight” of workers
) f/ @ W' B: m) c* s 68. Sanctuary: o& }. S2 ]4 }, B x
69. Collective disappearance: [9 u" _3 ^' ^8 y" f/ l( L
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" J* [, ^2 [1 b
5 {9 d9 |' v" d) O5 o: D: S" d
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3 @7 ^$ Y0 m% o5 XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( m% j0 z: w8 r; K( z( q
7 J; u- B; ]( ]+ O, V |7 w" o7 t; z& {% L; i
Actions by Consumers
3 ^7 C4 n7 v1 ]5 f$ Q 71. Consumers’ boycott1 U8 } ] B+ ]- K* {1 @
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods* B, A% | D2 ]' Z7 x6 E
73. Policy of austerity
3 q- h' w( C2 w! D3 ` 74. Rent withholding
* T: G, U6 |( b 75. Refusal to rent
$ I9 H( L. C7 [0 S& O3 p 76. National consumers’ boycott
* X; h2 P0 L0 y0 M4 N3 G 77. International consumers’ boycott
: C- Q9 e. R& y! r( ?3 E. F6 n$ {% ?% ~: d* a
Action by Workers and Producers
, W5 N( C5 s. Q" r 78. Workmen’s boycott
+ L& N6 v- T# W$ b 79. Producers’ boycott$ y. K3 q/ D# ]6 Y9 O
3 a: K2 |0 O# t2 N9 y
Action by Middlemen
6 f' n' S+ O& _% Y/ N0 u% ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% x: v) E" c5 C5 w4 f7 U* G6 a. P- P* [5 ^, k3 M- W z% g, o4 x
Action by Owners and Management
+ b) n# D* o+ T5 d/ J 81. Traders’ boycott
. O5 `+ @$ U# W2 H! K1 _ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 _( v: o6 j/ s- A; g. F5 j* c& o 83. Lockout, Z. |% _; J- M9 I$ Q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ ]5 K- R$ L& g
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
) [2 G/ Y% D- o- H5 T, l3 Y- w3 S5 l M# } K9 {$ s9 E/ c
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
& R* y+ \) Y" R# f" }% k* e 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 Y Y4 c3 _- D+ I! v' a 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' ^5 |, h' ~6 m. a 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: l% o: L0 L* W! G! m { 89. Severance of funds and credit _6 D5 k H2 r* b
90. Revenue refusal
; R/ K2 S3 Z* r8 i. G2 P 91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 g) M4 Q9 v3 d% @4 a
2 `: H# S+ D- @* V) U- q" J: PAction by Governments
% i9 `! D2 o0 V 92. Domestic embargo- E" Z- C4 ~5 Q
93. Blacklisting of traders
" l# Y# B Q2 B) @, @ w5 t 94. International sellers’ embargo
2 F, [' W* q+ w1 I6 p; k( ~& q F 95. International buyers’ embargo2 O2 ~; s, q& d
96. International trade embargo
0 u5 D/ \4 C5 e5 Q8 h; N: `
# j8 ~- i* S" J 5 Z& G( y0 O5 j' e& m' \4 n2 T4 A$ L5 J
4 _: W" D0 G; K/ R/ @
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: K0 Q) u/ h$ w# f( z
+ p0 Y& }" ]; h+ w- j. P! @" R
' k) o3 J# } N, FSymbolic Strikes; T0 e4 J1 `7 K, r _
97. Protest strike
6 L* \5 h6 J3 p' i& o5 }' I5 ]) r 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 s3 R3 W% Z# a# y) b
% N5 N( F) ?( fAgricultural Strikes$ ~% C% S% O0 E1 Q/ _* m* D
99. Peasant strike
" x3 g/ g! z" N3 j' k7 R' ~0 A" J 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 h' F" M, D) H4 ~$ m% R9 ]9 |' E
; J& ?' [; ^8 e1 I/ h- ]# qStrikes by Special Groups7 ]( D3 T, m" W- }
101. Refusal of impressed labor
) W v6 t+ q. C* y" l9 _$ S 102. Prisoners’ strike6 I- t! M; \ z2 t( R) K
103. Craft strike
8 @4 Y# r' g) ]8 f* L 104. Professional strike6 S. z: @6 T$ g1 s/ s8 C
' T4 x- K, \3 e- o8 T
Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ T) Y1 X8 K# l8 h `# }
105. Establishment strike
! O9 V* a; D2 W7 h( o 106. Industry strike! @5 l" r m' p/ W0 S
107. Sympathetic strike
6 M) B3 r% X: U& I1 \; Y# n" v$ k$ N1 N6 U6 g5 I! [
Restricted Strikes" k9 b9 P. u3 I
108. Detailed strike
! z' }7 `0 T. K M 109. Bumper strike% v$ X1 Q* t- k$ F; d' k
110. Slowdown strike6 u m" `& j7 b% {! I3 i' l+ m2 g
111. Working-to-rule strike+ B6 V0 |/ ^$ L( x0 {+ m& ~* k
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), J/ k! A X! T& j& _& _
113. Strike by resignation
- b. c% w; X f# H" V$ f 114. Limited strike
0 i7 w$ I3 V0 o1 I4 { 115. Selective strike% E3 }: ]: [, O1 c/ h, I5 j
/ U$ i& g' d. k9 o# X6 h7 f
Multi-Industry Strikes
# Z9 d5 J) ]" u; j' ~3 _1 z4 O
* z3 H& ?& }0 W$ T7 ?! y 116. Generalized strike
% H6 q- B% d0 [7 V& {$ O; ~( A3 X6 H" w( P+ l5 [( C/ t0 {
117. General strike
" c7 G7 I7 z# A' o: v; A& s
3 H1 ?. _! p6 [" y& a& L/ jCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures) c+ ~1 M E5 I- Z
3 f4 \9 l) b. N4 j 118. Hartal6 @3 n' u! A" }0 K6 ~5 K+ P
9 O/ n' D2 o- {5 H& L
119. Economic shutdown
% }7 J3 v7 h9 x3 J$ h# X- H
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1 t7 R7 M( k! A4 m8 H6 @+ c* f- o* b
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 K3 @. U F* u, l: P; C! E" f* ]3 J
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( d3 T* @3 J# _7 G3 URejection of Authority: c9 U7 y) g: ~# S( [
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 r6 T0 k( t' V$ |1 d 121. Refusal of public support
3 e$ e5 r) G( D" U" f0 h 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' Q1 l% }: Z4 Y$ q* |$ F7 R+ X0 W; ]
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government, E- n& |+ C* Q5 A2 B9 C8 T
123. Boycott of legislative bodies% P# i$ O" q b/ W" M. S# `! j
124. Boycott of elections6 b1 Y( f( V% M0 |7 J! h2 R8 T9 Y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 p- N' @( l! w1 @5 \* a 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) A: Z1 E% v1 q$ E z& W$ E, R7 D
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" |% s; i: X* X- z( o* T& F
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ [, Y" t) G& U: E% k4 O 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 n& w; m. _1 z" B5 F 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks1 G2 k" [# B' E$ w
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; q4 Y. v5 M* g! `+ U, Q0 J
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 f1 u. `; V, H, l5 q% X4 m& q/ A- c
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- ~% m0 t A9 o M 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 L. h V6 p- ^- b7 s3 y* J 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 W) p. ^$ W/ _; [1 h' e, I
135. Popular nonobedience9 n7 m4 D# Q' O' D- E* d, u, H r
136. Disguised disobedience
6 t- O5 `0 T8 e0 i$ u4 U5 I" m 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ ^) I. k$ T. r( w
138. Sitdown
+ N% R. r. ?- ^% e4 a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 p4 e6 Z" [$ T" A H 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 f1 q: k1 I# f$ a9 \ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) ]% z( p2 c* d( P
N2 X* l( o% l! C; n+ W8 MAction by Government Personnel
: s9 C4 X& M( N+ }8 ?5 i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% }/ h4 U$ o- C: Y8 u# c! F# L 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 E+ p6 k# \7 E! _
144. Stalling and obstruction
. U. }/ d! `1 r0 t 145. General administrative noncooperation7 z( K% D- x4 s
( C9 _. E- e$ S; f' ~) e
146. Judicial noncooperation. k5 M: ]( F8 ? G* ^
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( c9 e* c! t4 @7 V* E
148. Mutiny) ]4 _* _8 Z( u5 s) T9 _
Domestic Governmental Action
3 u& f. N+ o0 P5 i, e; a9 A1 u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ K, v6 k1 v- s: b5 k3 g" `% `- l
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 N# n" X7 m8 P; `6 N
k6 }. |. U; f& L8 dInternational Governmental Action
/ A% o6 I; z" b2 \ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. F9 i9 w( @0 ~, E( P* T0 B7 r; m& O- V 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 D. p$ E l) y9 h) ] 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: f& O* ?4 R/ w2 M, Y 154. Severance of diplomatic relations% _1 p/ v) Z) y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations: ~2 E* E) K9 V$ O; Z; y
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, y& o1 m* Q l1 t 157. Expulsion from international organizations: u* O; H6 _- R
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 u- y3 Z# S' \. z4 d1 o ?$ l4 p
4 ~: M7 q3 _( }5 _9 C7 G7 t# k ( a I+ P) v* D4 {
Psychological Intervention
- E6 c5 x2 x M% ^8 K4 J5 |/ v. K4 F! a0 ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements, f9 ?$ L" O4 ]0 f5 X1 l) ~" U
159. The fast
) X5 R: ?: j# V, t a) Fast of moral pressure! w- e( A9 m9 p* D N% ?7 I
b) Hunger strike
" h- d# C7 q {* A c) Satyagrahic fast5 |# r/ d; \. v- q! N ^- T" P
160. Reverse trial
; W" N3 R4 r( ~9 y9 I V5 H 161. Nonviolent harassment5 S$ x* J. ~+ A( @/ a# u% R, d
+ Y2 X& L. {' P: _: h- G0 G
Physical Intervention# g0 w) E$ F1 d
162. Sit-in
* m* f% K3 ] T& } 163. Stand-in
5 z! q& M& k& B3 L F 164. Ride-in
1 m5 K. x: q) V$ X 165. Wade-in. K% E% n4 \( R. p$ A# n
166. Mill-in
' e& M& q1 u) R7 D4 f; k 167. Pray-in: B6 U1 U7 y1 ^" m
168. Nonviolent raids# ?4 R4 X' H7 }. |3 e
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 O3 q4 b- C% O9 V: R 170. Nonviolent invasion
5 G: J5 u- ^" ^8 ~ C5 d 171. Nonviolent interjection/ {$ u& h. I) W! r+ s, b( M; j
172. Nonviolent obstruction* Z. C2 z: \, R& r9 F! F
173. Nonviolent occupation% o/ v8 e6 N: E2 h# b. D9 [, \8 U
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Social Intervention4 n, ]- w5 q4 t
174. Establishing new social patterns
7 c1 M/ y4 k2 V: q 175. Overloading of facilities- Z$ d; a% V4 c4 h- \0 u# \4 u
176. Stall-in
# F3 c: Y$ V' Q5 A& ` 177. Speak-in, z, m: q' p5 g. R% F: n1 C& f) i
178. Guerrilla theater3 I. [5 j0 {" e' |$ A$ X; p
179. Alternative social institutions
1 j* w6 I3 I* {' ^ 180. Alternative communication system W& K1 t4 h/ U
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Economic Intervention5 @4 q5 R- c9 y' Z% ^2 r4 _
181. Reverse strike
5 U& ~0 q) u1 p: Y* n 182. Stay-in strike
G4 w0 `5 s+ }, W; K4 h 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 N+ i6 R( [! b5 l7 n 184. Defiance of blockades& B; u' s) S& w
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# X7 ^/ u+ H. r) ], U
186. Preclusive purchasing
1 @8 g$ f+ }& M) _; Z! x 187. Seizure of assets
- K/ n5 p8 W) c3 V& _ 188. Dumping
) C+ i8 Y8 e- k' Y# o4 f/ p 189. Selective patronage' }% @: |2 y6 R- }- _" T4 d n- C( @. S
190. Alternative markets
/ ^" F$ I' r7 U5 k" U& J6 t" Q 191. Alternative transportation systems
' N0 u: ^- t P& Q& k& \* I 192. Alternative economic institutions v! W+ f/ I+ f. D/ c: u4 N
4 |: H" l" o% y5 e& G8 ~# P) J: pPolitical Intervention1 |" [1 U0 B& i6 m$ M( Y( \
193. Overloading of administrative systems$ r8 [& O- D( \6 q' F$ f
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 Q" Z, ]. O( B
195. Seeking imprisonment2 j; b: ~5 c: V5 X7 r! g5 ?/ A8 L! k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 s7 t" e, Y9 I0 A$ n* v5 k# K/ `2 S 197. Work-on without collaboration
1 x7 g& a% Q5 p% O 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( r% R$ k* Q( f( z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
