 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION R0 o- B2 G1 [- o9 p
Formal Statements$ H" {, Q c( v- M. [, O k' Z
1. Public Speeches5 G# R2 }- s; @
2. Letters of opposition or support
: |3 I" v. c a% z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 ~0 k5 t" ~* C. j5 L7 m* s1 F
4. Signed public statements4 {6 \; [& F a4 l8 H* ?
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! l0 `. b2 k; c1 z, N9 c( x
6. Group or mass petitions0 y5 i5 l& f/ H
2 C# n; a# J/ |5 TCommunications with a Wider Audience
+ \; C! u! v2 X 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ } ^8 ~& ~9 a/ {/ E
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 X+ c6 C k! t6 Z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
a4 d) G0 p8 P 10. Newspapers and journals6 `' W$ z+ r% _" M8 z) g* B8 P% x7 w
11. Records, radio, and television
7 x1 C `) B( S1 T$ d 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 Q& X) N! P. b7 X
5 ?8 G, o4 c2 \$ ]- ?4 Y) w/ lGroup Representations# n6 i0 Y" Z7 k( K5 i+ {
13. Deputations
8 U) i2 X9 A' _$ K 14. Mock awards5 z' [2 ~) b! x9 m+ |$ G v A1 ]
15. Group lobbying7 b) c1 w* v+ {1 f/ S# @& R
16. Picketing6 M6 F+ Y; o1 B# Q) n. @
17. Mock elections" d) o+ A- v/ \! ~! ]- ^; j! V) G
, D2 \2 ~2 d# I4 tSymbolic Public Acts
0 n/ _; e! r7 b 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. _! F' z% d- I" y3 O$ _& a 19. Wearing of symbols
- P w, k$ q/ N7 k' F 20. Prayer and worship
; R" S6 ? ?: ` S" C 21. Delivering symbolic objects0 }8 V3 ?! N' m. W5 J3 [
22. Protest disrobings1 _1 w3 z4 y: L- F$ H! h: u
23. Destruction of own property2 i1 q' [; [8 w+ }
24. Symbolic lights. \! J3 ]8 F o& y( a
25. Displays of portraits$ U* d: o. T" P1 l! T
26. Paint as protest5 }8 U/ O$ K5 W: a
27. New signs and names( g$ v5 C, @* l$ p" T9 O
28. Symbolic sounds! _9 z$ |+ Z2 _- K
29. Symbolic reclamations3 `& s& D3 o4 ?3 u" q( k
30. Rude gestures
. c# S/ n: x4 g- E( S. g
/ j! x( q* h- sPressures on Individuals. }- u5 K8 d/ h' M. L! a- g
31. “Haunting” officials8 o8 _8 I+ `: A2 H: r7 }( P' V) `
32. Taunting officials
' R( j+ C% f# L L$ h5 {6 f 33. Fraternization3 ~6 y3 e O$ O; ^1 V8 _$ o2 D' c
34. Vigils
% J* f5 V" X) x" v
5 W6 o% m( B9 d& v7 E9 D- q6 t" JDrama and Music0 D+ S) j. f9 v. T& s
35. Humorous skits and pranks1 \3 Y3 f* O X: F: I/ ]$ o7 e
36. Performances of plays and music; u: C2 g& D7 Y; j5 `8 Z, q3 G
37. Singing
) a* L* Q' C7 K- E4 k
/ o+ v, {. n2 F: X4 m. Z! s2 RProcessions
( [7 h- O1 f# l. O; N1 D 38. Marches
; ], F# D9 I g% u! L% Z0 r 39. Parades# q) `! m x; Q: T& R
40. Religious processions
" L# n+ P1 R0 [; T# i' C- o; p 41. Pilgrimages' l' w9 d& t4 F
42. Motorcades
3 M. |+ M, l9 [2 N8 p2 Q9 c$ q3 }3 K8 C
Honoring the Dead. A) b2 i( Z8 k$ {$ P
43. Political mourning
' ]9 L9 m, {0 h6 F$ w 44. Mock funerals. G' Y# V& J' [9 g& s1 h6 _- T! `
45. Demonstrative funerals2 E N, W @, J, M$ h
46. Homage at burial places; i7 m# A7 o6 X
+ X" C [$ L" x& r8 M. T: {
Public Assemblies
' @% A$ U+ d. z8 J' F( A 47. Assemblies of protest or support5 o" @3 p8 G6 N/ K" m7 {0 D
48. Protest meetings
3 X8 X8 a; b3 V7 g& F& H& \! [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 }4 T+ s5 Q5 p3 W: S 50. Teach-ins- C8 y. u8 d; U8 W
: j; s) z5 ^" a; cWithdrawal and Renunciation* p7 G8 O2 Z% f
51. Walk-outs
% g3 k% t s! f3 S6 e, L: ]2 l7 N 52. Silence
" l: T0 \& z" j& ^$ d 53. Renouncing honors% _0 X( F9 v9 I8 ~6 I' j$ j& w$ ]
54. Turning one’s back* }, A) x# I4 l. D
3 y0 g5 L0 a- f
5 C, _0 }% V" B3 Y, a- g
; W: S+ e! u2 A9 \" STHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
/ V+ U" \% `, E$ H/ Q1 \% R6 T, p1 V# x1 d7 s
! x+ B. ?9 p. `; }1 j% ^/ V
! @4 }/ D3 t$ t3 u; Q: b8 I' F! u1 yOstracism of Persons
4 C- r& K5 U9 F( `, F 55. Social boycott
# e9 m/ u. Y& E6 Q 56. Selective social boycott( p' P. I9 }) c( B
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# u0 A. B: v6 a. n* Q( n 58. Excommunication' T0 M. Z" n ^
59. Interdict% F/ M( |9 R" X
3 K3 M7 G; a2 Z; C. J' y# SNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ j1 M1 f v2 c/ n4 x- y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities( \7 }' e9 ^1 x7 I
61. Boycott of social affairs7 J$ v" c+ }$ r' Z: S9 |* z
62. Student strike
2 ^1 X* x/ U0 p' ?- v6 ] 63. Social disobedience2 T, `# {$ |9 `' E- Y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 a6 f4 y+ k5 `( g8 t# U' z& S" c3 M. {8 P$ V
Withdrawal from the Social System
. l* P0 J4 s2 c' R& a2 o 65. Stay-at-home' {1 O7 t# a$ K. Z1 w- X0 \' y' p+ m
66. Total personal noncooperation
8 l; E. t0 v/ S0 c0 `- w 67. “Flight” of workers$ H: @( W- h* [% J, z7 }) A# w
68. Sanctuary
0 |, i6 D1 g. u$ M4 j 69. Collective disappearance
! l7 A5 v/ w e' V; E6 K1 C% ~ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
5 }; N7 r, p) K& _& w
, Q& `9 }) k( E- @% X& k ) l4 `2 L3 s- J% Z# w
P8 ?. Q( h7 F
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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) Q# [# P; Z. p
Actions by Consumers% i+ S$ ?0 K7 ?% }/ A& Q
71. Consumers’ boycott2 J a3 W( s9 ^0 }- h! g* e- w
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 _) S7 M) b9 R9 k+ J 73. Policy of austerity/ \2 R; E( Z( {; \
74. Rent withholding1 l* u+ F: U( k" c1 M! j/ g; _* ]) h
75. Refusal to rent
# b v# f0 @; {2 E( b- E, J 76. National consumers’ boycott* e6 R" b W" _9 j2 Q
77. International consumers’ boycott' q' `( H v1 M0 |9 e( s; W6 f
/ [' w9 w- h- `
Action by Workers and Producers2 U+ U- M6 t+ L! z$ ~" {
78. Workmen’s boycott- l2 V, ~; P% v0 W- z7 Q3 x/ E
79. Producers’ boycott' a: J. o$ S1 p2 Y# _* p& [
" G2 I0 }: D; y" r7 s
Action by Middlemen, V: j1 J5 d1 z# m
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 z m& D3 |* F( R5 N$ N
% l) p! F! [- c4 ]7 ~" w1 QAction by Owners and Management
1 l+ ?, ~( g9 Y5 [/ z7 ^ 81. Traders’ boycott
& U/ \0 f. T! M5 \* J1 @. ]. P 82. Refusal to let or sell property. J; q3 z8 R) M: T
83. Lockout& N7 d- A6 f% d$ S) E- |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 l2 t) P, `6 b$ ~: @ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 Y3 k0 `/ i' i0 y; m
* _/ X5 }: A" G' z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
5 ]5 |' X" t& {9 c 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# i4 H1 v3 Q8 {0 L0 d3 ^ M
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" e9 I, Y x( \$ h* y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 T3 f( W0 ~6 K5 T8 \) z% G( a3 d' S 89. Severance of funds and credit$ y' Y9 z. z0 o F# ?3 S$ _( f
90. Revenue refusal0 L$ W( h7 B8 S, S1 \
91. Refusal of a government’s money- {- n/ ?# H6 ]+ t3 i2 M% t; j
" b6 `2 d# h ]/ |+ r$ Q" \
Action by Governments
) e- G- C4 R6 o0 Y% a# i$ `, e 92. Domestic embargo
6 x4 _, W0 |* c 93. Blacklisting of traders2 U: p' d& b1 M9 ^
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 X& h9 R+ P* W# q 95. International buyers’ embargo! P: w& |$ y: ~( u/ ?
96. International trade embargo* @9 V5 Y5 H. C
3 x' c4 v( @( u4 J6 Y 0 Q+ {6 I9 Y+ K+ h% v1 ]8 r
& N- p3 V3 e8 J" C- N/ P$ sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 X* R' K0 a% h, R/ u7 s' z
7 g5 j& F1 F, L$ Z2 i! G
8 J% H+ L" `7 e8 ^7 ASymbolic Strikes+ ]& C# _: S( D' x$ z; d _- h
97. Protest strike3 d0 q! Y' {0 j8 X+ f
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% A3 g; {& D+ n; ~- t$ r5 O
1 Z! B2 \+ O) {% N: }& q% GAgricultural Strikes- v; \, W1 F7 n$ ~8 |7 Z
99. Peasant strike
# c0 `. a+ q @# y) l( x# ^ 100. Farm Workers’ strike3 {, F6 y9 a/ o: d4 b* w; v
& N" {+ h1 F7 F1 NStrikes by Special Groups
+ `) n9 ^8 ?2 F- `% c& c! E 101. Refusal of impressed labor; `: `) A; f" d) l( m$ Q
102. Prisoners’ strike
+ W# S; ~" T. U+ B, l 103. Craft strike
& A# H1 u) O$ v1 l7 |$ m 104. Professional strike) b2 B. x. X* f v
' \+ ^* B" z% ^# E" wOrdinary Industrial Strikes
; D; l/ k* k& P9 h) v! f* \ 105. Establishment strike3 f* c& } P3 ]& Y) }! y
106. Industry strike5 k& t& g7 d! F# M2 L3 ]2 i5 f
107. Sympathetic strike
8 H: e5 |7 K& n) s6 ?. g' ^1 ?7 A8 [8 n4 _. u8 L+ ^) ]/ ]3 ?9 p
Restricted Strikes! y' c) K% T1 G& q3 T& a0 V
108. Detailed strike
% M. c$ `" h+ j% U0 u F1 q+ K 109. Bumper strike
8 h7 u c( ^7 F# b 110. Slowdown strike( |; u* E) j8 ]" K% N1 A) x: ~9 ^
111. Working-to-rule strike
a# X* ~$ H2 L: ` 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: _5 n" Y' }/ w$ S7 Y$ y9 } 113. Strike by resignation+ I1 |/ S v1 a1 o" z* E! S
114. Limited strike
, m. e2 ]% _: N 115. Selective strike
1 a0 {; H: s& t! y% {
9 A6 e- P { hMulti-Industry Strikes @4 z* j7 o8 q3 a. A5 c
: v6 j/ A" t+ M 116. Generalized strike
& F2 j4 v3 h" E! D X, }# J
& n' T P- O6 ^" @1 K: T 117. General strike: @# A; ]( D( \6 c0 c% y" q% k' q7 O
. H2 Z% M) m; L7 ?4 h
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 \/ C7 S! Z% j: g
- S0 d/ @5 w7 B7 M: A4 Z 118. Hartal
- l7 z _+ g# `% k
1 X; U) M T, I 119. Economic shutdown
9 T0 J) J# L: T0 H$ t& }. Z4 `% |7 j6 h2 v0 T
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1 {8 b+ i4 c* x9 a) q. {4 Z: i& E wTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
+ o2 ?0 d# `: V$ N4 d. @" X1 {: {4 |
$ ^ N J4 Y- g5 n( [2 v4 \Rejection of Authority4 q" S% `( r7 n' e
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 c) z8 b8 J/ |$ p! ]
121. Refusal of public support1 a4 n9 O) }( h9 d1 O4 ^. `
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& \. C# D( X6 W" j8 s
5 w% w4 V. O% r" F
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, `, M; y) Z$ n. ]/ Q7 {6 [( E9 W 123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 j/ @6 X3 x6 O( T+ C
124. Boycott of elections/ x0 w# V& u( F3 M
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; p0 E" C7 \; M 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( i# Z' s3 f/ _$ }- L8 U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 d- m* M+ R/ T; p+ z* N8 u T' M+ E
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. P/ c8 L$ | j6 h; h 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! _( e* F( ?% Q; U4 V 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% {( C) k3 n4 T8 ^. `; m( }
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! H1 K4 G! |; b; P 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 G$ b d5 R ?* R: x: a3 c
- \3 q; R( G& @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% {" y# O" K: q, _ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 i" b$ r$ j% S+ C
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ L" ]2 Y3 l- Q, g, ?0 V/ ] 135. Popular nonobedience3 Q; F- g# V* P0 s6 u, w4 l% L
136. Disguised disobedience
& N* L# ^" D( T, v# _2 R; c R% n! e 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 y0 P& e6 ` p" O
138. Sitdown4 t1 y' ^2 K; K# B' u* c: \
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- j n5 l& F, x# O
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! R" C. |7 J. r) l$ N5 m7 L# `9 A
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( q- @. e2 }; E( A [6 a1 k1 n' E& ^, V/ q0 | ^, A; ]" e
Action by Government Personnel6 J2 ]* h, }4 e# N Q# b; \
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 y# o) B$ r+ M. M' H$ T
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 H5 }# J& g9 |; O8 ]; h$ z 144. Stalling and obstruction
! c5 T9 A, c% y* @ 145. General administrative noncooperation
( @/ n' q4 o/ l* c% U
; x. k( j9 A& y/ z 146. Judicial noncooperation
U- _ k$ [( g 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' P3 [6 g1 t9 @4 L; D6 l
148. Mutiny5 H+ w7 d. t4 r9 Y" V
Domestic Governmental Action( J# }% \8 R$ Q) y) q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- ?7 i( ?& f0 g2 a 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action8 C% d9 f$ p& a, t
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, q3 x5 U: f8 k% v5 D 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: w2 s; q0 O. O6 q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 |2 m: p) J/ \3 z* Z( D; K 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" O/ p) Q x! f0 U1 @ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 i5 Z$ v7 G7 O$ v/ k0 L8 K
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 Y. B# l5 {* w 157. Expulsion from international organizations3 G q3 }7 h- f( E E l: ]
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0 p7 c7 ?8 f2 t; t
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention2 q" _3 \; ^% j1 _/ g) c5 K! J
158. Self-exposure to the elements$ n7 P2 Z( A8 K( _8 @9 H
159. The fast
: l. |+ T, O5 n+ d* Q, p9 A a) Fast of moral pressure
2 x) `" Z! m& T9 i4 V& Y b) Hunger strike* ?5 v, P0 P! O: g
c) Satyagrahic fast) P* e. G3 D9 V
160. Reverse trial
4 ^( b: _6 {3 \( X0 m. k 161. Nonviolent harassment
4 y& z Z" \6 `5 s7 E' `* k
4 y; L/ {, M* P- U" T5 pPhysical Intervention
( \7 R6 L6 n$ ]8 {" P 162. Sit-in2 f; f; x: [# S& D7 F+ \
163. Stand-in( ?. T, O" T: f/ ^0 J2 `
164. Ride-in( \: a, |: B H# T6 Z
165. Wade-in; y" Q* n r( k2 R% u" i5 n: \
166. Mill-in
/ D3 F1 B1 n9 D$ g( o 167. Pray-in
. e, d/ ^! S- A) M5 _" _ 168. Nonviolent raids
' i. s+ Q' H. g 169. Nonviolent air raids
4 E2 y3 R: R5 N! E$ K, K$ v* `0 \ 170. Nonviolent invasion% \" w# v; k6 Z5 j9 ~. b
171. Nonviolent interjection- }) u& L9 Z4 E# h' H2 z! f
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 e2 ]( ^3 g# L+ A7 |! U 173. Nonviolent occupation5 m" g! R% `) Z+ e
8 G9 Q) Y0 R' q9 m( K
Social Intervention
8 c7 e8 e* `: x) H* ?2 ~ d; a2 y 174. Establishing new social patterns
, N/ N. d- o( X$ ?! H 175. Overloading of facilities- Z1 D" T7 B0 e0 d- ?! C. X% w% q8 e
176. Stall-in' l/ k- W$ A P i) i! s
177. Speak-in
6 a) _5 H; K# s 178. Guerrilla theater( Y5 J+ k7 W0 W" g9 n7 u: I0 A. Q# w
179. Alternative social institutions
& S1 L3 F2 p% i1 i8 @! n 180. Alternative communication system
6 A0 H- E: ? X9 J( s V! [+ t; e7 H+ o3 A z8 r
Economic Intervention
3 V7 K, @' }0 a5 U- w 181. Reverse strike
; ^, [, i$ X- C+ J 182. Stay-in strike. S g# q0 k/ m1 }+ `0 V
183. Nonviolent land seizure0 t; r1 V1 A; K0 ?7 @
184. Defiance of blockades
5 Q) c5 V4 \- Z% ^# n" z/ p 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. ^1 J% n# r3 J9 z
186. Preclusive purchasing
! y* @( o0 _9 [& m' d1 c/ a3 g D 187. Seizure of assets8 f. u7 ~6 \1 U2 _7 m
188. Dumping: i3 @; p% d# |/ J; y8 q: a4 g
189. Selective patronage
2 {3 V( t+ f% P( z5 Y# k 190. Alternative markets
6 m4 H+ e9 S6 Q! x2 U 191. Alternative transportation systems t, a9 [9 q& \0 ~# N' x
192. Alternative economic institutions1 D4 Y! K$ N3 I5 ?$ u1 f+ z
8 Q/ f: r% ]0 B# Z O+ Q' F
Political Intervention
. f L# U+ z7 I 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% n( S9 S( [9 e/ \7 ~ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" T* w7 n9 e0 z2 l7 A0 c
195. Seeking imprisonment
) ]' j ]3 k- U; _ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# r) Z0 M; _; ], R5 U8 J 197. Work-on without collaboration
5 l" O+ {& Q1 H r7 W1 { J 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
