 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% L" ^6 Z7 t7 h) _1 ]8 \4 VFormal Statements
& E3 x' v# i. m 1. Public Speeches8 y7 C, b- g7 E- d8 Q/ a2 Y
2. Letters of opposition or support# G( V& {' p* D8 v: R- \8 N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions" j. G3 b2 C$ u6 d
4. Signed public statements- @+ E! W# o5 }; M9 u3 r8 K4 I- U# q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ R" t# g3 x; G6 d& G 6. Group or mass petitions
) p) s1 `% o: N4 H
( t6 b G i2 f4 Y3 [Communications with a Wider Audience7 {3 R) z: E5 k0 b0 h8 A
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& T; `2 d1 P2 q+ p: ]7 l 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! l8 X- v+ o+ e/ T
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# X* O$ u) Y, O0 H5 N# |, X
10. Newspapers and journals
0 R. u& ]1 `( v+ C% a 11. Records, radio, and television
& ~# c. v+ m+ x( c/ j* y. B P 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 Y5 W+ J) @8 ?% H2 n
/ j$ J1 d' p$ \3 b) zGroup Representations% w1 s$ K: a4 F
13. Deputations
/ ~6 o+ z! r5 p 14. Mock awards
( X- T) ?) G9 R( k! w( Q+ G 15. Group lobbying/ V6 N' l4 a% b' x' k* a
16. Picketing
$ q5 K1 j6 `2 M% s, r 17. Mock elections& H( K/ o0 k0 }- Z/ D7 Q5 m
# U( N r5 f9 v% H8 aSymbolic Public Acts0 q5 k4 B$ m# ]( t
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, b/ M" t7 k, A9 o7 T 19. Wearing of symbols: Q! ^6 J$ z+ P. d( Z: U8 R
20. Prayer and worship$ V; D. Z$ M% e5 t8 S; `) q/ ~( |
21. Delivering symbolic objects
- R a: |$ J/ X0 ^: b7 y( X" } 22. Protest disrobings4 ?2 D5 V# t* c1 ^& x- u4 P, Z
23. Destruction of own property$ j2 T- v9 ~# U- L8 O9 G
24. Symbolic lights, K* @7 P6 q, K! T) w) |
25. Displays of portraits+ Z/ q3 |0 w! I
26. Paint as protest
; P. h0 d, `5 n$ D4 d ` 27. New signs and names1 b& s& }$ T$ G$ g0 p5 ~; Z
28. Symbolic sounds# ~, K" F: E1 ^4 O) g. O" m# F
29. Symbolic reclamations" C# D# P; _7 O( k' |
30. Rude gestures
M* L$ M& t7 t, l$ p3 l3 U @' T
; m2 u/ X8 s cPressures on Individuals8 x7 v9 }9 l( q9 P- J( s8 c
31. “Haunting” officials# @$ X' o6 H+ j' S) S
32. Taunting officials* U8 }8 e; X8 N& X" f3 P
33. Fraternization& G% U) N$ @) ]5 T2 n- ]! }
34. Vigils, e! U5 k0 n% W- Z7 l
/ X) E1 q: D% k& c6 |& K
Drama and Music
- h7 [6 |& O$ Z: n/ u 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 d) m) ~, _9 |2 Y6 v 36. Performances of plays and music
?+ B/ Z1 N- Q7 }" @( j( P 37. Singing) k4 p4 U5 U" u, \: ?9 z
. N. R& T5 L7 ?- U; E0 zProcessions
7 Z# b" [, M5 z3 y 38. Marches% U1 q/ c) ]; T* i9 g$ k( b
39. Parades
! D! k0 B; h7 @! C9 w+ m- G. k' [ 40. Religious processions9 W5 V# h' ^! ^ B
41. Pilgrimages
/ e* h3 q8 `5 x 42. Motorcades6 M- V2 p9 N. O% Y% u9 ~% T) }8 A
7 e6 @( C; R( x# @+ L. k
Honoring the Dead4 d7 I' `6 U0 t' ?* {
43. Political mourning
- A; R& Y+ c9 C+ i 44. Mock funerals
5 e# I1 v! S8 H3 c9 r" D1 a 45. Demonstrative funerals. S& u3 E% `( J/ C) r$ U s: m
46. Homage at burial places) R6 p/ V" i5 ?! p& A8 v
1 x o5 ~6 y+ i7 X
Public Assemblies
5 i* }2 S. E9 a0 Q 47. Assemblies of protest or support9 L0 n4 n( V1 ?
48. Protest meetings
, G P( ^4 Z$ \ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( ]' P! c, C1 |4 M 50. Teach-ins5 m+ w% ^$ g- v4 _$ e, Q1 a/ F0 \0 G
2 P: s7 R* X' B, d
Withdrawal and Renunciation/ \% J/ S7 i U
51. Walk-outs! u# `% W3 g1 J" i
52. Silence
# g4 e# \5 U+ m9 R3 Q, O. L# i+ J5 Q8 Z 53. Renouncing honors, L, Q% D! f7 e% a
54. Turning one’s back8 P( f4 p$ t0 l1 `* \/ K- Y- V
9 C k% E5 |3 _ M
! d/ ?1 \) Q& [, E! x) u
1 r% q( P. r1 @* m/ ^9 Q* B
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; O/ s$ C8 b- `4 |
7 G$ X P: i+ L; L9 U
8 b2 U0 q' g9 h' z
. r) t1 c0 _( TOstracism of Persons
7 D2 v) ^7 Q: _5 g, A9 C! ~3 P 55. Social boycott
- `2 N# D2 w7 h) j 56. Selective social boycott) }2 Z( a* i% M: Q
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 Y/ w( J, {! O! Q4 ~2 g4 L: B 58. Excommunication
; I. L+ \, f% }+ y9 x 59. Interdict
. b6 ]$ g5 k0 b0 d0 c1 e: N) T$ b; P% `+ k: y3 G9 X* x3 }7 y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( t. p' J/ Z9 ]- C" k2 Y; {
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- y" A% U# X4 o9 ?4 U0 w 61. Boycott of social affairs
! i) }+ U( B! V. _! b 62. Student strike$ g' k+ x1 z. D; J- \
63. Social disobedience
* f% C# ?3 x h2 k8 ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 n7 F' |5 @. E) w2 ]3 ~" _% R$ ` ` D# `9 h+ z5 ?
Withdrawal from the Social System
; a' ~0 J: W/ S( R 65. Stay-at-home
6 o: G8 ~7 s4 z6 D# ~; i9 ~ 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ Q' S2 z4 Z" }4 n7 B ] 67. “Flight” of workers
S+ A5 Z" B8 E8 w, @) ` 68. Sanctuary/ {" I* Z c% c0 [; l2 q) D' Q" P. _0 U
69. Collective disappearance
1 P9 b5 I. e; K% L9 k4 ] 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ N* {* a* o- Y$ o& q" l1 H: K2 c9 r+ N0 i* {
$ Z7 `7 m# z: { E0 n5 D
" w; \6 x6 l4 e( d: z/ V) {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 A4 x1 r/ r6 `5 }1 J5 T. O
. P/ `1 B0 Y+ ]0 `- A8 L
[4 |, L; F- {
Actions by Consumers/ @6 f* x+ e8 A8 i% i
71. Consumers’ boycott2 H' \- c& s6 p5 D
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 j8 X9 {0 `- a1 G% u @# ^( u, ^ 73. Policy of austerity
2 W& i% H' Q: B% p 74. Rent withholding
: P g1 q" X2 \( N& C& ] 75. Refusal to rent
) D- Y: S# m. P) A* j 76. National consumers’ boycott
+ ^* H# [4 r& E- R l 77. International consumers’ boycott
$ g% U9 z9 |; l4 I, |% I+ k8 o, A( ?2 l! t3 C
Action by Workers and Producers: D! J. `6 P% r o' X8 K
78. Workmen’s boycott
; e& Y8 T- ?1 M V1 {$ F' A7 ` 79. Producers’ boycott$ e* t% c Q* S) E# c
/ N& b5 s/ h+ }* }/ j$ ?
Action by Middlemen4 o" V/ {' v0 \4 q1 q, |" |
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 Z% R1 q/ d3 |4 l" X* O! u' m+ D( A4 K
Action by Owners and Management( a9 d0 k4 ` E2 g/ g( H) [
81. Traders’ boycott; y( I1 J' S. [/ [; K$ c6 g: P
82. Refusal to let or sell property
* @. N, G' `* |. M; d" @) U 83. Lockout
1 A5 L: u) v" p. C4 k- c4 T 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 T9 m" R1 B6 b+ N. T D 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% g, K) P9 n. \% C
2 u$ l' C, R" t; K$ O1 X4 J
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. v) _# a& F, |# j' h 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ o! c3 n' V( E D! Q/ H4 J
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. J8 l6 Q; O: |8 b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: Y$ q9 g& S" a$ y4 `5 e
89. Severance of funds and credit
1 M/ ]& I3 s; Y- k& ?. K 90. Revenue refusal( j a2 y. C* P* ?. P) z( l
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 `. I& N5 O, g1 f( B8 E4 O& L: ~* Q( `* V, H' n3 u
Action by Governments
1 ~6 c6 Y! X. s* G 92. Domestic embargo
5 S+ p8 U4 _) ~) q; m 93. Blacklisting of traders
' X( o; v) Z" H: L) ~9 H s1 q 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 U; j! U1 N; d: f0 R 95. International buyers’ embargo Z. I: u9 ~0 U; w
96. International trade embargo
$ C' ]3 Q0 d* b8 o) t; E% q( X
& E, {+ L, j6 P$ }; }. F " Y- u" s+ R4 K8 e i D1 C
; N. c$ D1 F. e( Z/ m4 NTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- h" u0 p4 J; a- u8 ]0 L/ b& s
+ N# k) i) z3 _& u
5 i( k4 k& \3 z1 s8 DSymbolic Strikes* U& @4 q8 M* Q8 W) d
97. Protest strike& k6 R8 k* u. ^( b
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)) M0 h7 p; ]6 ~2 F# }
$ J( y: z- w0 Z+ R' j9 v4 `Agricultural Strikes
- ]2 s9 F( ]/ W& I% p( x 99. Peasant strike
) I4 V4 m! ^0 [; P4 g 100. Farm Workers’ strike( ?/ s/ L4 A O, w" S0 r* Q
% z h6 j6 W' k: `+ G7 s; f
Strikes by Special Groups2 A$ p6 W! Z {1 B% t
101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 j2 L' V" N! H9 F( \! E; n8 d' I) | 102. Prisoners’ strike* P9 e4 O& d7 F1 e. f# G# v5 V v
103. Craft strike
! n: B+ f4 z L+ J1 S 104. Professional strike- |, s) R* o& m, \
$ Z# d- d6 u" L! @% b. \6 |1 f. ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes
2 H) d+ j; ^: b$ F8 g3 u/ G! l 105. Establishment strike8 I9 J( D$ S2 T
106. Industry strike
; U9 f: D7 m; E0 b 107. Sympathetic strike
6 f: V$ t1 i6 P3 _: k
, K+ m8 s+ G: `6 C- gRestricted Strikes
7 J7 E1 G& h# h% V7 {( c: x9 e3 \ 108. Detailed strike
( {% p3 n# N' p) _) B/ [ 109. Bumper strike. `5 k+ B8 n- g& A
110. Slowdown strike1 t9 V, ^( d$ ?) h5 E
111. Working-to-rule strike' j" N- n& {) i/ N$ K7 B. V: g
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 x: l; k7 X1 q$ c( t1 i" G
113. Strike by resignation
% I. M/ k# L1 r1 x, W8 R0 l 114. Limited strike
0 F7 w$ d& }, R& ^9 j! U2 Z 115. Selective strike+ l) y5 R( p0 r0 E1 {3 \$ n
4 l! x$ c4 G6 s1 A% {) X$ _Multi-Industry Strikes
; b, r. O& y' u w" d1 {5 m0 Y8 D: [, }0 y5 E
116. Generalized strike8 v7 E, L- h& ]8 R8 S- h, f2 X
3 r& q( A5 Z+ d3 r5 @ 117. General strike
+ J( K4 [2 w" H' N& r* n g4 O- U2 |, ]$ _5 r- o
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( [. e9 F# h' o/ N) s3 z, v
u) o" ?4 M6 A& _4 j) y' W 118. Hartal
5 [8 y/ L' R+ T
. `# m4 ?/ W8 g+ [5 y 119. Economic shutdown+ ]6 S% {% n/ L7 G3 A
5 z+ m& T- Y# O 0 k8 O# L+ {* G/ e' n* E3 t
" s9 v( S' ?7 c# hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
- n }$ _ M. X2 G
7 |! c0 O, G% B# Z1 a1 b$ d0 G
5 {8 X2 G; Y* RRejection of Authority
5 Z! m+ U3 ?2 a0 K$ F 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 ]9 w! b. |9 H* M0 N: m2 D 121. Refusal of public support
, C1 J- i5 M7 ]' l+ r8 ` 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- H8 f8 F U0 p t \. E
+ k' W9 k/ o0 s; z6 [3 I6 Q+ [1 N8 CCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 a" e( d+ y: i4 l `# l 123. Boycott of legislative bodies' R: X& b; Q# ]- C6 I0 F
124. Boycott of elections
8 Z# w+ |3 d9 y8 C& Z4 q* A3 \ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 M" w" t: C9 A2 Y* o
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 F+ ?" j. X; e) X# t 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% R3 m$ ?- y9 [( d8 v. v( R% B 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. D: H7 M+ g; h B1 Q3 D 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- f, F; e/ V e9 N3 ?) [, [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. R1 H3 G& a% X& Y6 }" L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, S0 p0 r9 j+ w! ?4 d
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 O" J% r! u; w8 [& w
( w2 D0 z8 S, l8 N" X/ iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' r9 ]% C+ h1 T& R8 p/ F) k" e" M 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* ]) W# L0 L# `" X
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( W g3 H' s I" D7 P7 r4 ^+ d" A 135. Popular nonobedience
2 _1 L" I: O8 `8 M 136. Disguised disobedience
3 t) j6 u0 }9 l0 ?, I' S% b2 b 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' j6 i0 ~* S& K5 h! a
138. Sitdown
3 x; v, e8 |$ w7 @ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! k5 y! w! u5 W& _; D& v: ]
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% O: V& ], N3 Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ e( i, u7 R+ `6 _/ Z) ] }8 E/ B
1 q3 U& F( c" n# ~8 V Q: mAction by Government Personnel
2 O0 z8 e* o6 P( g$ ?' h% g1 t' A; H 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# q# A6 k! Y% Z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
j% q6 ]3 t1 P$ W2 I 144. Stalling and obstruction
) v! u/ o* \) d* Y' U4 O 145. General administrative noncooperation
/ U+ n& @# e* x' N3 J) s3 a
$ S$ K# c3 p6 ?8 g* ]$ u- W 146. Judicial noncooperation
! {; x6 F5 S: u2 }5 h3 {5 O* x+ i 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- ]* m6 U5 ~3 Q! Z, [* b& M 148. Mutiny
* [2 y7 j( n- Z3 [, G9 a/ z, \' kDomestic Governmental Action4 ]9 u, O- b; y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 O6 b7 a+ Q1 S1 i! X0 z& h: Y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
% m W+ |4 R4 Q* |, j, } \; k0 b
: s! U# V' \1 d' e2 r+ WInternational Governmental Action
) ?7 c, k& B- U# y# R# c4 i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 `: z7 ]# _* _: f, f4 B$ i 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* e8 v/ ?( c8 H* u& h' C
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 g3 _1 \! m4 v
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, v) h! ?2 j$ j5 c6 |6 b+ p# b- ^: l' Z4 \ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 e3 l4 p4 s ^$ S* X$ n 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ q& A3 n( g& `/ N* x; I$ q 157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 `9 \' }" [3 S- h# [# R0 C/ w. F+ w8 z/ C+ Z! O9 V: E7 W
% @1 }5 S# g% z
7 C9 T8 p: A `- x% k4 M6 D' C5 ITHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% ]( y, g3 r! T; `! f' t+ K3 p o
! }$ `4 I' m: A5 @. d* o 6 \" a" ]; i1 I4 r; V
Psychological Intervention
) s: O0 W! Q. k2 K9 B% ~! K1 v2 P 158. Self-exposure to the elements
% ]0 @2 @1 d$ V$ X: K2 L% N) O 159. The fast
) H0 \1 ~4 r6 \; g1 J6 ]) d0 { a) Fast of moral pressure
R8 E; r3 [$ }9 D7 N b) Hunger strike
: k! ?# m% T) _) s' C1 l: k3 k c) Satyagrahic fast e% }' l' n; ~; c
160. Reverse trial, k* s3 C5 I* R
161. Nonviolent harassment$ [/ A7 j; k; O. i+ G! k; O- j
" C6 @" l0 @8 q/ |, [. |. {Physical Intervention
( M- M. x) r* q% u2 K, V5 z, r( c& `$ } 162. Sit-in
6 L3 ^1 r" [" R# k4 L( b 163. Stand-in9 Z% q" D! W4 c4 \ c
164. Ride-in1 s3 C) g( \* C3 O U1 Q. y
165. Wade-in
4 Y' n( T$ `+ V; P4 Q+ h6 M3 E 166. Mill-in
7 o. c5 G& }3 c3 q3 z! w 167. Pray-in4 p+ ]( K3 D) Q2 N1 d- Z9 J
168. Nonviolent raids
0 A3 |8 c" `; n3 V* q5 ` k& v 169. Nonviolent air raids1 x$ M7 k4 }0 [% D. P
170. Nonviolent invasion9 t$ `) C' i) i g
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 v5 o8 g4 h6 y1 \ 172. Nonviolent obstruction; W' W& }& ^" M3 m0 k& I e; i5 |
173. Nonviolent occupation
B1 X: y5 z. l1 J" k
& Z0 _: h6 V. ~: t' CSocial Intervention3 i( K& O! g& u% z
174. Establishing new social patterns1 a5 y. e, ]' A/ h3 Z
175. Overloading of facilities f# e* j' y& q) [4 z5 T& e2 v! w& c
176. Stall-in
( l* Q2 k8 ?& D 177. Speak-in
4 x8 B' ?. g8 O 178. Guerrilla theater+ V- f( a' A& R5 I, S/ {0 l* }
179. Alternative social institutions) |2 y2 L" o: T0 Q8 `
180. Alternative communication system/ g) u# ?6 f1 c6 ~6 c
, P0 F$ `2 w w$ W- ^3 BEconomic Intervention
; m- u# [8 e. I1 n6 y 181. Reverse strike0 {6 m3 I& y) ]7 y" ?
182. Stay-in strike
1 Y% g# Y- ?6 g 183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 a; J, B3 _4 P% X3 V$ t1 f 184. Defiance of blockades8 K! ?/ A% ~) T; ]- H' L f6 k7 ]4 G
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 L8 d |6 x0 h/ ]3 b 186. Preclusive purchasing. M" K$ D8 Q+ p; o; |/ z
187. Seizure of assets
* D; b0 g, F9 b4 g5 j i; ~ 188. Dumping
& ~4 m) s! G" z. ~4 }* G3 |% x 189. Selective patronage
9 e( H0 K" E) H7 M: v; J) U 190. Alternative markets$ y5 I& W( a2 p" u% z" p% x9 R5 {
191. Alternative transportation systems, r- h* B' I$ s( [7 @, L2 ?
192. Alternative economic institutions( o; K) h4 T0 j. x& }) ~# h
- R$ m1 L* c6 v* z6 S0 G( |/ S/ w* kPolitical Intervention: G/ |+ H& h0 J8 t$ L' c
193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 X# d. J# h5 j9 ]% e, _ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 F5 M# u) y! x. i0 ~ 195. Seeking imprisonment: |4 n2 p/ l) o J" X& E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% x$ A1 P+ v A* N. n1 Z 197. Work-on without collaboration
& ~/ Z+ K# L! e" ^' r* F( f+ Z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
9 |5 d' J: {) u, [6 H7 g# R- [8 ?! \% v, V' U
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
