 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 b$ J( ~+ e- q, [0 [
Formal Statements
: w' d' M4 s9 C' s 1. Public Speeches$ h& B3 [2 E0 B" z/ _" G0 b. t
2. Letters of opposition or support8 Y0 E+ q& Q& m o
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" o& _+ G" j5 u, u8 J) \5 } 4. Signed public statements
) `, I7 a: i+ V, J+ ?7 P R8 @7 C" |# g 5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ q* ]* b3 W/ k% e, {; y
6. Group or mass petitions7 D7 o/ [# C' n
2 }3 g8 l8 M- w: K) _Communications with a Wider Audience q7 a0 W7 B( @' U8 k
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ H1 x% _1 Z6 a% q' U 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: W9 L4 P$ h6 i2 r; R/ b" Y" m
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; K Q6 W3 u# Z! D+ r8 ] 10. Newspapers and journals/ t5 L0 l) e" p1 l9 m# |
11. Records, radio, and television f6 V& Y9 D* \8 m& M7 \
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" O @$ K" e5 p1 x* c% O1 i
9 E7 T8 C3 z9 V) sGroup Representations
+ G/ x% A' g8 a 13. Deputations
2 u# g7 F$ ~: t4 i% z9 \8 I 14. Mock awards. j( J/ N, d+ d, m, _+ _
15. Group lobbying2 G, c5 a6 z, r B; t% D( c
16. Picketing
! { \4 S- p. g" f 17. Mock elections1 F ^) E0 u6 c G* L; [* g5 e4 k
4 U+ O2 b& Y7 d2 ~; i Q) s8 g
Symbolic Public Acts$ V# f6 ]8 r. a, b5 B N/ G' b9 `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 U5 l" ^. M0 a' D- Y
19. Wearing of symbols6 R4 c' R8 L l; R
20. Prayer and worship
! p8 ^" |/ I0 \: L) v 21. Delivering symbolic objects9 k' q" ~: X0 Q# \- M
22. Protest disrobings
) V4 V* P3 d* `8 [" h" O n- A 23. Destruction of own property4 b- o& S$ U1 M i* ^
24. Symbolic lights) ^0 X: m* ]0 d
25. Displays of portraits& J- q# L j( ?6 O+ l4 h( B" D
26. Paint as protest
; B1 b% I2 y- c% g, @ 27. New signs and names9 n3 e+ T# y3 R" J' x; n3 b4 c
28. Symbolic sounds# P0 J! |% @" @( @. A x4 S2 ^
29. Symbolic reclamations
) I+ Z! x/ D* w* m5 T9 X( {1 } 30. Rude gestures! t+ Q4 \% z; X$ t1 X% w
% o( E' V' h- { m1 v* O jPressures on Individuals
1 E( a. P+ M; [* M& s 31. “Haunting” officials
0 O' z' P/ g% J, X( m7 @( k 32. Taunting officials( I, k0 g) u; @0 G
33. Fraternization
4 w1 P( d# j, Q8 F" u2 A; J( [ 34. Vigils
& m. b% K4 |' o
3 U* o* Q' n+ G# Y6 I; fDrama and Music5 @" ], ?1 Z# u2 _5 K" W1 f/ P
35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 E! s5 e L; ?, ]! O" G 36. Performances of plays and music8 p/ W9 ?# ?3 q9 [
37. Singing6 q8 \' }% L! `/ J
# C4 V, z+ \$ K5 M& i- D& H
Processions
. ]. {/ j# R& c% [: ^; i 38. Marches/ L2 Y) N2 |+ w" B: U3 t
39. Parades5 Y% G, g, D8 n
40. Religious processions$ z: X( w' ^9 H) ~# @
41. Pilgrimages: Z! g! X+ j- r* |; a
42. Motorcades* d: G+ e, I! l4 K) G* O
. b* g; f/ @8 f( x) AHonoring the Dead9 x; \+ J; _ C$ v0 a+ I
43. Political mourning/ T2 [( g, B$ P+ |( C+ `" e
44. Mock funerals# i/ Y. [! [8 |$ p7 M
45. Demonstrative funerals
+ X" J; w" v& @, X 46. Homage at burial places4 `6 y6 g. H: w4 Z; @$ x
( l7 v- i- |3 n1 t, s w
Public Assemblies/ `' b8 ]. x* V( Q/ B" {" b4 L6 F- p
47. Assemblies of protest or support
; A/ a" E- L h; h) `5 \' l: C 48. Protest meetings
+ n8 M- b4 v( ~9 J8 k 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- K) k8 v3 g7 P
50. Teach-ins( @* W" l& x. }+ y' H7 Y8 ?" p
$ m/ d! Q1 [4 W. i8 wWithdrawal and Renunciation+ \ `. d& I) i$ }
51. Walk-outs5 B6 d( U( r8 L
52. Silence
' a! D4 c: d$ `$ u 53. Renouncing honors
0 D5 `) d8 H* M2 k8 [4 C u. c$ [ 54. Turning one’s back
4 S: p- }# s" N+ f o3 Q) G
6 t1 a' ~0 `8 Z+ @: o/ f, g : Z3 y# _- b( ~4 Y( S0 A
4 H! \1 D/ @7 @
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 s4 r6 H( Q% M4 K! f
; L, v- t0 ?2 [
, w$ s$ K$ i" @3 A
& U/ P3 v0 n0 r, Y! z" N' LOstracism of Persons+ i) d G7 T8 X# B' C& a8 `9 G. P$ `
55. Social boycott( Z) `( O6 W* O* V8 O
56. Selective social boycott% t& D7 k Q# H
57. Lysistratic nonaction
) }, b# w5 H( w0 }! \+ |2 X% F 58. Excommunication
, U9 h% s" l4 \9 d0 x0 g7 i- H( X 59. Interdict3 F7 c9 |- S* W
: S; i( A1 j. n0 V+ e2 ?6 t3 y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# s" q# @, V& M \8 N$ j
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# S8 N& q' U K' q1 _ 61. Boycott of social affairs9 e( s* V1 `: c% d
62. Student strike
, m- t; b0 p5 I7 @1 J% u 63. Social disobedience+ n3 }/ B6 _: r/ }2 m2 b! o* R {
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 s5 t) I; |0 Q u+ V5 ?, w0 h
8 K, ~4 U% {) A! gWithdrawal from the Social System/ |3 B6 n! i8 H( C+ g- ~& t5 F; L/ J
65. Stay-at-home8 X% }9 M/ c; ?9 z9 t" c* s# O! o$ \
66. Total personal noncooperation
" r* i8 V$ x, Z) M) p 67. “Flight” of workers
# W- f7 [3 e* Z% c% e5 _" g 68. Sanctuary" a: l' a" I' T4 [
69. Collective disappearance. B; V u. P8 M. B$ q z( B
70. Protest emigration (hijrat), \1 P; N p6 e' [& Z
2 O% B# t# T3 Q2 H5 ~3 o - z9 v7 f- {4 W
) F7 ?8 ^3 a6 y$ K
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 g% p8 w. l% l
8 E; `. W% M. B% L
$ i( r3 J. S" |. ~6 m& s3 s$ vActions by Consumers0 c+ `" r$ m6 `2 R* `
71. Consumers’ boycott
8 ?% Z8 @% D9 p1 \7 d& Z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. U, m" x, U9 c; x0 g. @4 T
73. Policy of austerity) M5 d( L5 m! a0 p& n# q- [
74. Rent withholding$ ?. T+ P" y! Y$ z4 I, x
75. Refusal to rent; O) t7 q2 A1 m0 h
76. National consumers’ boycott
7 D+ ^- |* w: D, j( D7 O8 z' g 77. International consumers’ boycott
% }7 C2 \, s$ p7 R- i+ N
6 z3 ]; r" @7 v' tAction by Workers and Producers
8 ~% E9 M+ f+ z" B 78. Workmen’s boycott
% X. J+ [. e' x" @6 A2 i 79. Producers’ boycott$ N1 B U: p/ w
- w) ~+ K; o1 W# q: \Action by Middlemen
! ?6 |6 c4 [6 `+ ]/ a8 ]) X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, I7 H& v, `- f3 @7 S2 u+ s
' r: m" F- i4 z( L
Action by Owners and Management
/ K' i2 m5 t1 B/ D8 I+ ~/ b" U' b6 O 81. Traders’ boycott$ a3 C6 A4 L$ ?0 `$ ?: O
82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 B' A7 `$ |) C5 ] 83. Lockout2 D2 y5 `0 K9 G8 b
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
D7 X: q- D5 k" T" P I5 g2 P 85. Merchants’ “general strike”. X# ^. Q) t% {+ h/ a7 y3 [0 w
! A9 n( p1 X% Y0 p2 K( rAction by Holders of Financial Resources1 a. c! H: b4 H; n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 k7 ^& W# ^# R O! T5 v6 d
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% t/ L7 l! w& h( Q8 m, b2 I6 s+ k 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. ^, g- ?- `! l
89. Severance of funds and credit
& ~& x7 i# A" f: q 90. Revenue refusal& V# y! Y% \3 x- H |
91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 l6 O' L; P/ N9 K9 | @/ ^* ]+ w9 {7 L
Action by Governments& ]! Q3 J6 O \0 o* j/ v' N
92. Domestic embargo
5 X8 Q1 _& j+ j3 R4 ^6 e 93. Blacklisting of traders1 }- E+ k. @0 E6 P& r/ t
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ Z2 u5 F h. W6 |2 M s9 { 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 ~; S$ m- U1 f: H# k% b1 U% g 96. International trade embargo6 N6 {& z* ^7 a. b$ H% G8 k
- I8 s5 _( c( m/ i5 d2 O" X
, ?& N& _* C9 F- ?" a' H A4 X o; ~7 k9 o% W7 A
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% \ @1 o6 T5 i, c; q
1 }: l) z9 A& K- \- h8 r! ~& j ' w9 R$ \# ?9 g, `* B$ T' q8 q7 ?
Symbolic Strikes
) F# a! _" o# v, b2 c: |- P0 S 97. Protest strike
( i8 X; y6 d* b 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ l9 o( d8 S3 c4 f2 Q8 {
, Z9 Q/ V+ _% d& p3 C. nAgricultural Strikes0 V0 K+ }+ P+ K. n( ~/ D
99. Peasant strike6 h* ^' k7 v# `, n7 u9 M
100. Farm Workers’ strike
, ~( O5 J% \8 Y% j. b% F! o3 K+ ]- L6 I5 Q8 w5 c3 e
Strikes by Special Groups! E( H2 u3 Z' q
101. Refusal of impressed labor0 {1 k4 y# E- Q- M+ w8 G
102. Prisoners’ strike
# l3 G" O& r& Z, o 103. Craft strike
/ X" S g: P! {" R 104. Professional strike* J9 B) b$ q: ~) b
( u4 q; i! P, @7 ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes. C# G5 q' W2 C
105. Establishment strike
0 _8 D6 c* k) M$ b& a( @8 J 106. Industry strike
* |$ I$ r1 N& R 107. Sympathetic strike4 Y$ L' P3 Y* \- ]
7 a! O" e2 E% o7 X) MRestricted Strikes
* G% Z; I- [/ a3 e1 D! Z8 z 108. Detailed strike; `4 {% `; }& }- O: l8 Q# G
109. Bumper strike- A* ?3 L& J! { x5 L" R6 n9 y
110. Slowdown strike
/ m& D9 E/ i% d1 E: D 111. Working-to-rule strike
5 q. R! e8 ? g3 S4 L/ V2 k4 {0 j 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% O9 a1 i' [& _- g( }" h9 F1 X 113. Strike by resignation. o/ r3 E- P# V& A2 c
114. Limited strike
5 Y, X5 A; E4 ?, x- ?) c* V 115. Selective strike
4 D3 u$ s2 U" @7 \* O
. ~) l( E# _: YMulti-Industry Strikes4 `" ^2 S9 ~4 T5 m4 m! {& {+ y
. J" D1 p/ _' X' x% E
116. Generalized strike
, B! d5 b4 @) V" j; A: o
) P' M2 r5 m$ Z. R2 b 117. General strike
! {+ G& ?* w' g% f- M" f9 o, \2 b5 h: x; @; A
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
0 K9 |+ v- ~8 `5 k. C a q
/ U! p0 `, g( r0 @ 118. Hartal+ g/ r, H( _2 ~1 O) r' Z
1 d: q6 F3 _& C
119. Economic shutdown
9 O5 \. l6 b4 n E2 Z$ `* `5 g% U$ e0 `1 J
7 c$ v: V( I4 c$ G" h" t g- @$ R Z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" Z2 X3 G3 h0 W# x; Q/ j
; y5 p- L }' L. K- Y' \( t
% l' \% }: W* p {0 k% KRejection of Authority
2 o/ K7 n" @/ Z. D. p& B) x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; d- X9 J+ o# g0 ]4 D
121. Refusal of public support
5 V# Q M9 m$ j7 ^3 _ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, o2 k7 m! K: P& s
' c& h# g1 N7 R* K) T, B- A9 rCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, u' b% R/ [' M# |0 R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 Y* D* a1 H# o( M8 b+ i+ @6 u# J
124. Boycott of elections9 O3 F3 ^- z9 y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# s/ B# N- l; U9 b
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ L# r- U0 L3 W! h9 ^5 U o2 ` 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 E5 K/ q8 Y! s2 s, X: {
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" p. b Q8 u8 m5 C* P: m6 G2 p
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" E# Y$ g3 o/ { 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; j, x I8 D& x% q# l6 b! j7 V4 ]
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ L) t' P: u( |! d: P$ E9 [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 V9 Y7 I" ~0 n% p- O. _+ L) k- t" [& l
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' W! r, p/ i! e- T2 s3 u
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* ^+ q4 }( r# P' P
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# y5 s( s) N$ z$ d! ]0 L 135. Popular nonobedience
3 ~; C5 ^% N6 ] 136. Disguised disobedience+ Q' S) ~4 b2 X/ [, Y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse; M* b, X. d9 Z
138. Sitdown
- d% H& q" k# T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% l2 X$ i) r2 ~' G 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( Y# O' A! Z7 Y, H0 j
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 q! n6 N- u- y6 K: \* Y% n
0 y/ G U& V4 L) X" S5 `8 ~Action by Government Personnel/ d0 v) X. G+ f. \
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 a F. f8 O/ t8 g
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& Z2 W; U- G$ y( A5 S. c 144. Stalling and obstruction" J! R4 {7 [. N; m
145. General administrative noncooperation
+ m* Y9 N: P% O& I* e" d1 E
( x* J- x9 e9 q0 F0 \ 146. Judicial noncooperation( M4 t6 I& v( G' H' \& N5 g
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 |. Y/ J0 b% y4 n7 t! j
148. Mutiny9 j, ]- C# [/ R y7 \
Domestic Governmental Action
4 y* G- W9 h; A" d \ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ @- J9 F3 P4 e0 F* {1 e 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 o6 v& w8 Z: m8 b9 D# |8 Q: H# F0 _/ J# s1 F, ]/ o
International Governmental Action0 J* W/ ~" `0 L0 U' i
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) Q! ]! i. P F: y9 {; T: R 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 o" c9 |+ `! G# N( G- i9 [3 e 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% A, C- L( q4 X3 k X1 w% K5 `; x
154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 ]' X( L9 V, H% R$ T* V$ y2 [0 ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 X: T9 B G3 r( b7 ?1 {0 J) _
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
& l# g" l4 v# a# I9 d 157. Expulsion from international organizations9 A: z+ h$ f" S9 e% ~8 m5 S, S( o
3 F- ]' w( K7 A% R9 p: ]5 q+ `
: w# I4 _1 s" z7 L5 `: V) f! n* V# S
7 I/ \9 T2 Y1 [8 e3 Y3 FTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- N" F$ l, j! G( ^2 N, ?" C
7 I$ z Q- s& d5 b/ b 7 c6 z2 s# M& F4 n
Psychological Intervention
" Y. z; f4 T f2 m1 a 158. Self-exposure to the elements4 _" |4 K4 J9 r8 d% E. n
159. The fast/ r( N( f7 z6 ~6 Q0 V
a) Fast of moral pressure
: E6 Z3 |3 l* ^1 Z+ y* p b) Hunger strike* n+ O" B6 r* c. T6 n
c) Satyagrahic fast
9 G. U) Q: Z' x# ? 160. Reverse trial
: w* o+ l G2 ^, N) E1 V+ Z 161. Nonviolent harassment$ |7 m2 ?$ {0 d( q/ h4 p
# O/ t, X4 j# _4 }, Q' l KPhysical Intervention
' v/ t8 O0 A0 ^9 S/ a2 r 162. Sit-in* Q* e- }' P; v# m% Y8 }
163. Stand-in
! p% } {6 o ~! K. j& v, u 164. Ride-in
: L2 r% R" R+ F- o' R" h. @ 165. Wade-in$ L" T5 N) }% G
166. Mill-in3 Y( N. f5 a# z% X. i0 h4 \
167. Pray-in
/ \! S$ S7 R! Y. s9 {5 }* I6 ~2 A2 i 168. Nonviolent raids. {1 r$ v* c; p
169. Nonviolent air raids% l- c$ f# u+ X* e& Z$ s
170. Nonviolent invasion+ Z( ]: Q: T1 y$ ~
171. Nonviolent interjection
% t* ^ p2 R' s: C- W/ w/ { 172. Nonviolent obstruction
( H8 z' b* w) e# `2 L* K' T d' r 173. Nonviolent occupation5 s- K4 W5 o& U; j9 m/ E/ p
! Q6 J* m0 h' R: c
Social Intervention7 p' d7 m$ n7 D+ X9 P6 b% {1 C
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 P6 H6 a) a3 g2 ?1 H 175. Overloading of facilities) D& d2 v! N4 K& z, W: C: h: U- ?
176. Stall-in4 I3 k# B; o$ o$ f' n
177. Speak-in' j3 G* c- M4 x( Z5 g6 w" B
178. Guerrilla theater
8 t9 ?- E) h: A" {' K& ^2 \ 179. Alternative social institutions
- H( X; ]0 `7 }3 b 180. Alternative communication system
6 {* @5 B. {2 u) U
6 E, \2 a7 S. ]9 A; u. U! AEconomic Intervention( s$ c9 k7 N1 j
181. Reverse strike5 H. ]1 l+ |, G$ n, {8 @+ i4 Y# k3 w
182. Stay-in strike- Z+ M; ~6 q2 h2 }" U" ^3 n p: }6 k
183. Nonviolent land seizure
u& P# x: I( g5 F6 A; v$ g 184. Defiance of blockades
6 R+ b, `- w& l8 i" \8 K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* \, t2 E% L4 W; l4 l [
186. Preclusive purchasing
8 d+ G/ d6 _% g, T, _5 D. l 187. Seizure of assets' {3 q1 w7 Z) L- o% x
188. Dumping
! T0 L% E8 {" a5 s! Z4 x 189. Selective patronage
& @4 d, j4 h7 {. f) T2 W 190. Alternative markets4 P( L8 ?7 ?9 k! { s9 M
191. Alternative transportation systems& W4 s" }' u, K4 \. ^2 J
192. Alternative economic institutions6 f( @; w9 m/ v, t6 u' x4 r% v
, t0 u' _; D/ D; z$ s1 ^Political Intervention: l# q* A1 c, C0 K0 r
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 ]! O0 k* I1 e, t
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 L4 a# i8 O0 e# K
195. Seeking imprisonment& g) n$ l2 ?) C) r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 u" m5 ]& g" p
197. Work-on without collaboration4 _$ D4 J+ }" v0 q" I
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( y- v9 a3 m4 j+ X
, ?/ m. F8 O! Y* d: @
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
