 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 W( k4 I' O+ O9 |* MFormal Statements
5 N% Q- X4 M% z, Q' f' e. n5 V 1. Public Speeches
+ H# m3 {+ Q# M 2. Letters of opposition or support# j. N v) M6 S, ?" O
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 p/ k) i. D& A
4. Signed public statements" ]" z# z$ l4 @( w7 X! X# i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! ~- c5 Y1 i9 r* [7 `& J; }8 k 6. Group or mass petitions
- P# J: a* Z- z. s4 Z& v5 v3 B) e5 {1 I; V3 v" B8 [1 Z* ?9 N' l
Communications with a Wider Audience
# n# B1 ]7 M6 B, P, \: F 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols R( R% @8 z! {! J* J% P
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! G; R2 J/ P; d
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" p8 J! U9 u$ ?/ w0 C; m
10. Newspapers and journals
1 U( }( t4 Q' k 11. Records, radio, and television
' P y- o6 F( F8 S! ~ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* Q9 G5 v" c; H5 x+ i/ ]
* H7 X" t& O9 } l7 o+ TGroup Representations
0 L: U5 D( d# U9 u6 ?, @ 13. Deputations
7 I7 h6 W& _% C% L 14. Mock awards8 b w! p2 K# G: @* r' d
15. Group lobbying
: w9 [1 a+ I( y- e' K 16. Picketing5 G3 d* i) D# j6 Q
17. Mock elections) C& O( L( z: I3 c2 p
8 }9 y- \& m4 {4 ?4 H" w- N
Symbolic Public Acts
( s$ r3 W7 c3 ~6 J! B 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors q4 @. S' Q! P9 Q
19. Wearing of symbols! M/ I: S- {9 P" R
20. Prayer and worship! c3 u9 E G. n9 w( y/ N
21. Delivering symbolic objects* n, Z [0 j2 I* \# Q
22. Protest disrobings: l' m5 l* S% h2 S, ?
23. Destruction of own property
1 S. p: B+ U, W& M% n3 U 24. Symbolic lights
) N! r, E8 Q4 @) g+ F0 n8 a 25. Displays of portraits
8 a8 K$ Q: b& T9 O; i- r4 o 26. Paint as protest* z3 B4 J7 M9 C8 o0 d3 p3 Y+ B
27. New signs and names% L0 ], l" u! h% E
28. Symbolic sounds
* G. B& s9 e# Y 29. Symbolic reclamations- M% l" q# P. F/ M3 U U# B
30. Rude gestures8 y; r j0 i) ]8 `9 u8 M* q, ~
3 J( l' j* u [; @8 G
Pressures on Individuals
% s2 `) M' D+ {; {: a 31. “Haunting” officials1 D, a! B% ^% g
32. Taunting officials
; a7 Z1 q0 S4 v( k' J 33. Fraternization5 ~' L8 j Y: n
34. Vigils$ |! x! Y8 m+ O8 a; E% Z u
* A) e2 x( Q: e8 mDrama and Music" s: x4 q, \6 _. W5 Q& |4 a$ m; m* N
35. Humorous skits and pranks0 v3 D5 _! l" Y2 n1 M0 ~( m
36. Performances of plays and music' N& T- C' G2 c6 V$ P3 F
37. Singing
4 {6 j3 ~) N% L F) x$ i8 p0 o1 r8 o! X9 K
Processions
$ [! J! h) D8 i$ R0 P, s 38. Marches( y1 S$ Y; ]- c A9 v5 J
39. Parades9 _3 f# Q' S3 k8 W
40. Religious processions6 k" @ u7 b& D: g
41. Pilgrimages
) N: y+ K7 L8 U 42. Motorcades- N9 i# C/ C2 W6 A5 R
7 Q& G7 E9 z' S' l( U. x- c
Honoring the Dead
! Y/ _+ U0 f( ~ 43. Political mourning
4 E# A1 H0 Z' m& ? O7 r 44. Mock funerals1 L% o- A% h7 O8 x
45. Demonstrative funerals
5 g; ?8 u$ Y' x! Z$ G 46. Homage at burial places; }! M5 l" P6 d
+ [/ @- c8 j* U3 t0 n% |Public Assemblies1 T- E+ v0 P/ _$ V2 U
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 h/ Y2 N# d. @0 `6 X% ]
48. Protest meetings9 z" k4 s. |, m( T( c9 W5 i
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ s4 |* ~8 R, _5 J) f$ u 50. Teach-ins5 |& o* S- I) ~$ E' e
% o0 \2 s9 y* |9 f
Withdrawal and Renunciation
' k9 @6 S) i% t4 ? 51. Walk-outs/ H! v' F$ O3 S
52. Silence
* ]7 }3 C: E, D' \" P9 g6 V 53. Renouncing honors# \) O q( Q. m1 {+ N- R
54. Turning one’s back
" r+ M2 c$ a1 S% M6 G3 V3 j( d" I, |" ?7 B
5 F; S. b+ F ^/ K4 b) v7 f
6 k2 @3 f( a- F$ m) x0 Z0 w/ TTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ w+ O( `( k7 f6 V6 s5 n! w( M5 a
2 t$ n- ^) d% w5 L) b! c
( |3 b+ D* H6 {* Y
_/ j% j+ B6 O( ^( \7 xOstracism of Persons
8 u; q; Z3 y* ?/ v" g; R3 _& B 55. Social boycott3 U% P6 L8 I5 o& d
56. Selective social boycott
9 v3 Q I8 r; p( Y( a 57. Lysistratic nonaction
! q- V% g; n; i 58. Excommunication8 B5 H. I% Y* d
59. Interdict
/ L4 ]# h5 B2 m- {" x0 _ `/ P H% B* o* S
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 d# k4 W* |' J! r# L 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 ^$ s" |; W, R+ y 61. Boycott of social affairs6 \2 n/ a$ Y s) r+ Y7 D
62. Student strike
/ d3 g: z- T4 N( T3 A# | 63. Social disobedience. B7 V! w( |$ q0 ^$ y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: D0 J" I$ w1 x% Q: e, c# p* j8 e- V6 z0 G
Withdrawal from the Social System& q0 y: p4 p( D( P6 G
65. Stay-at-home; C: X1 O: V! s
66. Total personal noncooperation5 [. h6 b) n# z5 U' }
67. “Flight” of workers# J" F8 p$ F- x' I5 a
68. Sanctuary* N2 K# l4 M( w. L. W
69. Collective disappearance- |. Q2 F4 v. o2 N) s7 x8 `7 F
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 d8 \: z1 ?$ }! i* Q; n5 M# p: g. ^: ? v0 F; Y( O3 [( R! h
/ W) x8 V; h/ G/ D: U+ |+ Z0 Q! B' d( _# x5 B; ^
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 i% v* r7 @6 X9 W, J1 w4 E- n: Z0 Z! _' k6 a4 [8 F* P
3 g# s8 T8 H! l* y. M( q1 `8 PActions by Consumers. s6 Z& q5 f9 U+ i
71. Consumers’ boycott$ |% V+ t0 J2 y* y% l, Y2 A$ X
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. l t- m9 o6 \* ^9 q 73. Policy of austerity
/ x" S$ @" R* H! F 74. Rent withholding" Q' D* ^$ ?/ K1 G, s X
75. Refusal to rent" _" v0 P# l$ b2 i _) C8 `
76. National consumers’ boycott
3 R) y% d7 _8 K0 j 77. International consumers’ boycott
& _2 M5 m5 N1 I* r: @; [) a; S" P, S
Action by Workers and Producers& r& [5 {5 X$ P2 i
78. Workmen’s boycott4 U8 p4 `: e# ?$ T) m V
79. Producers’ boycott
& b3 I% e% Y% j' F8 {
9 b1 l# k0 `5 p7 c3 v6 L7 n2 WAction by Middlemen( p: A2 }0 c: ?
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( f C* o2 E ?2 o' v! d
. h1 T# Y* O: `5 k, ]1 m
Action by Owners and Management f, |' k- G( N- D0 [% J# i! ?$ l
81. Traders’ boycott. |4 \4 C" G) _4 Q) c1 ~
82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ i: t! z& B' E1 B) _ 83. Lockout7 i3 t: q8 r$ s Z7 T/ d
84. Refusal of industrial assistance- y/ a5 V! \2 R8 H2 L: H
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 f7 m+ z4 \' `7 [( R4 l8 T3 n' Q! ], _$ W9 S+ B
Action by Holders of Financial Resources, O0 n! O: O8 ?. m
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 [% w7 M% q" p u& m/ Y* j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- L. A4 v' h% a6 r( A 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ D, S% b. V/ F 89. Severance of funds and credit* q/ O& R& Z8 `" A2 H! e% C
90. Revenue refusal
g1 @2 ~0 C7 \' P3 i8 W' Q: c 91. Refusal of a government’s money; g0 i, l* U/ l4 K4 W
, H- `! N/ ^1 T# O6 O9 }2 CAction by Governments' w0 O4 J j: q( F }2 _" y
92. Domestic embargo
% U- c" C3 `6 ~+ i 93. Blacklisting of traders
4 l2 z+ g9 v) j* w: U 94. International sellers’ embargo
. V! r! U/ U" V0 b8 b$ P% L }# T; V* R 95. International buyers’ embargo- T, T: [4 W4 L- I' a' S: s/ o
96. International trade embargo( |! e8 V6 G" N/ \8 p" m( f
/ b- s- k! ~+ J1 `- V2 E+ D, ]
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B; k; E" G& U* m* kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE/ J, {2 c4 |5 h: F `4 O o7 ?) \
0 y+ C$ t; U7 @; ^. z
d( Q0 G- e/ SSymbolic Strikes
% J) ]# j1 Y& b5 j4 _ 97. Protest strike
6 O) Q7 `2 |9 C. v* D* J, R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 \5 X3 r1 ]: [7 e% q
6 E% b J }, G/ z" zAgricultural Strikes
2 N' T& L/ ~$ V' e8 k+ x. N6 W+ \8 d 99. Peasant strike3 H5 X( x6 w( ?2 k, b: n U% w
100. Farm Workers’ strike6 E9 H; O) F/ ^6 b& m% `
/ |: E5 @' ?% {9 h/ Q. D9 g! GStrikes by Special Groups
* b& d: `* G0 d2 a' s- I 101. Refusal of impressed labor6 v$ P0 Z% H7 M
102. Prisoners’ strike
# L3 w+ v W1 M8 k3 d+ D( } 103. Craft strike
* S6 {; v9 u5 ?9 w 104. Professional strike b; P0 D" L) L3 M" `
& V2 E! t* a: H
Ordinary Industrial Strikes6 q$ c. b, y9 M- j0 ?- Z F1 [
105. Establishment strike$ y0 U* J2 Y# H% G# I; @
106. Industry strike
: w5 W n# @4 I 107. Sympathetic strike
* y( C) u5 F( O3 T4 ?0 k( t9 H5 l( j4 a; I
Restricted Strikes# O, Q' }. T& y; I3 [9 Z6 P
108. Detailed strike3 _: G) u# c* k% `2 [( H- O( B l
109. Bumper strike
6 G% r: L, x5 C9 T: E6 n/ g* p 110. Slowdown strike
O! r7 H4 s7 y! ?' R 111. Working-to-rule strike
6 g7 a- M( N7 T- i# d 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ r' r5 O! a) E. X: X8 V
113. Strike by resignation
8 n% C. s6 }6 |3 s0 L 114. Limited strike
$ J' M- i3 C2 d4 u5 |/ C 115. Selective strike
7 n. F0 s- b6 f5 d. [! I6 E' ` |" N/ x& h. |+ g/ s
Multi-Industry Strikes
1 k* O- g1 o/ x' L- _
0 f2 C2 p( t# c% G, j0 ? 116. Generalized strike
( p- `+ e3 K! S# {) u! F1 E" Y; S
9 z/ P+ O8 W- w" C1 P$ _. H 117. General strike
/ ~: v3 Y- q& T+ q9 {* U/ f; J0 c, f0 p* E
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* d. j/ C% B: E- ^+ D1 C/ z5 V# L( t4 C; Q, v
118. Hartal+ _) S9 R! j0 U8 y2 T, r1 e8 g" w. {
/ f# d/ w5 d' N5 Z/ H2 H 119. Economic shutdown- W g% h/ m3 `* I: C' R j
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# V, w) z+ {5 q) P2 s# y2 x7 F. |; l
, b4 Q" x# ?2 m9 c6 R: u
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ |4 N) X l: `2 j
1 D) t5 H/ n2 E; D" x! t6 H2 n/ ?9 A+ ]
+ N% A) p4 G! v- Z* z" X) o. ~Rejection of Authority& ~6 A* ?# y% W
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 f# u h* y5 |' f/ B* b% a! t/ W+ m
121. Refusal of public support
: \' }, P5 x9 M6 r( Q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 k$ U+ b! {; \& n+ s
, J/ t4 ^+ d3 c( M: P) `Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: I6 u+ d0 g% K. g 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; |$ t2 C& ^, Q% G7 c
124. Boycott of elections
/ `; g4 m, J7 [; e8 y 125. Boycott of government employment and positions ^2 }* l2 _$ y- j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# k) Z) b. W: }
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 b$ K) o$ g% T; x; V0 P, U* V 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 P- S* ~; _; V9 z# |1 b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 ^1 M$ N' r9 d# _- ?2 ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: A8 @8 ]" l3 { y: B2 M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* O" V9 T8 L) D7 v
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, g0 ~+ q0 _8 d; P2 P1 Q( B" ?
: j1 a# r9 p. D! w- @) r. Q6 L
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% o* B. P- {( E! ~3 w 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 Z8 y9 S% O, _* I 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ x5 S( F) t1 {9 [1 t; q" V
135. Popular nonobedience& q. m; k% w5 i* ?7 N
136. Disguised disobedience8 O$ k/ R+ x9 Y+ j- i
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse u+ q( v l9 g/ o$ E6 i, m
138. Sitdown' H ^/ J1 j/ F8 `
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 S. i( ?8 ^0 Y 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 f' `: C, L& T G9 _7 U1 M
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" S3 w. D# n, S! J) ~& x
4 N% J5 W9 ~6 PAction by Government Personnel: y( t$ o5 l% j8 y% \2 i- i# \2 b1 n
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 }, C. x1 ~! Q
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
4 e D: }) O, [0 v 144. Stalling and obstruction
( l; w' m$ Q$ z8 {9 s% W, D 145. General administrative noncooperation/ X- @' I0 i: N
' b6 Z; e! o, [- G
146. Judicial noncooperation1 Q& l& c+ K) X
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% P- l& f) ?" y6 y& N( ]
148. Mutiny9 G" A3 O. ^3 L% C) `7 |1 S
Domestic Governmental Action" ]& s, r2 x7 V9 X( @
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- D6 D1 L9 D( u7 E: P7 [& \7 b4 \
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 _! J7 x, W% W
- t8 a, U6 ^- K1 Z; }- qInternational Governmental Action
! G+ y1 }/ V" C$ y' H- _ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! ]. [8 p1 n1 p/ S) F
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* T/ A1 ^8 z& S4 P
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 T/ ^/ G; p7 T1 c4 O' A( o; \8 ~ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. p/ ]/ F K8 X$ A, q1 |7 ^) i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ d$ c) m. c: p( p/ E/ S 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 F# M2 v. l3 o! C Q2 B5 {
157. Expulsion from international organizations% z0 o& _0 k. T' b! k7 G
% S; @4 B$ `! A4 O x: S" i3 u1 Z
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention# I% K3 [" s' O
158. Self-exposure to the elements6 N( `/ h% _" G/ V/ ~/ o8 n
159. The fast$ D7 o0 E9 A H0 A
a) Fast of moral pressure
9 |6 e3 N% v q2 g ]: d" G b) Hunger strike
% c& S! u, w) ~& A w1 \$ e c) Satyagrahic fast% U' F; G6 s- U, e
160. Reverse trial
+ O1 v* ^$ s& G5 x: J 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 T/ f- z4 }3 P$ y
# d9 U, L" n, C, D! LPhysical Intervention. y7 F2 z9 A) m% i6 ~/ F
162. Sit-in$ x$ k' i( b% |$ R: h+ A9 p: K
163. Stand-in# F& N, O! I% z, n
164. Ride-in" R7 u0 o+ F: a2 }
165. Wade-in& }9 w3 J3 E, @, ?$ g/ b
166. Mill-in
- i: B1 ~; L' H1 b 167. Pray-in
$ x9 x+ G v0 W. g' X8 U 168. Nonviolent raids2 H& `) S0 v. _& L
169. Nonviolent air raids
, x8 w. I+ A5 Y3 e' _6 @% U$ I 170. Nonviolent invasion* Z1 }, o( R, s( e5 L/ J
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 C# j# T1 b3 j) E6 s 172. Nonviolent obstruction2 V3 k( s1 S* t8 E, X5 K4 J
173. Nonviolent occupation& p, r* O3 c& z/ l2 R, z
. ]$ T) U) U6 X- R1 NSocial Intervention+ R2 t* Y4 X5 Z2 e' m
174. Establishing new social patterns, x2 o8 X$ C0 S; s; O5 f
175. Overloading of facilities
/ L9 i0 e2 R7 X w( t 176. Stall-in
& m B, k; W \ N7 q 177. Speak-in
' O3 ? ]! S' z0 Q- E/ C, y' [ 178. Guerrilla theater3 a2 `: y2 v/ l% d
179. Alternative social institutions
7 T( U2 E* {! e' x 180. Alternative communication system
- U" {% o" n* U3 ?$ k/ K+ t7 k! Q
Economic Intervention
! F' X& k' G+ V* ~ 181. Reverse strike
# h o* T, k$ _' V# r2 H 182. Stay-in strike
6 P, @& P0 q+ R8 \1 L+ C7 U4 e8 e 183. Nonviolent land seizure l( h8 C! E/ W ?+ J. z
184. Defiance of blockades
( V3 Q6 z* \/ z+ p 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 ]+ ?$ U8 }, M2 U4 N. b. [- v 186. Preclusive purchasing
# V- \/ B2 m" F2 p 187. Seizure of assets1 g( U1 @. `; l
188. Dumping
$ S- Q5 p! n8 n# X 189. Selective patronage5 `- q, [+ c4 C. i8 s8 G; q3 Y
190. Alternative markets3 K. c. s- L* V. @
191. Alternative transportation systems/ s5 }9 Y" \' l6 x+ W( e3 V( w
192. Alternative economic institutions" y$ ]) f7 ?( Q, N1 O# [) y
' X' \9 X6 ^ ^ t3 ?$ z% E6 ^Political Intervention9 n5 j1 O: b2 N+ K9 h
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 Q* q/ g* n( W
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ R8 ~" P- K* j
195. Seeking imprisonment
( x2 w' q; M! S- G+ ]4 b 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, _4 j {% }* R1 B2 m+ a) Z
197. Work-on without collaboration2 A9 v% h# V. c4 B( r
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' U% b/ e3 |$ L# Q. X3 ]
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
