 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ Y, D" O" l( ~1 j- ]Formal Statements
. {. [" @4 Q, P/ k& F! G 1. Public Speeches
2 g0 _+ \; N } q+ b- ?4 V 2. Letters of opposition or support) ~! `' e# L$ c
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! g: F: I1 B( B/ d4 f5 o8 b2 i
4. Signed public statements* }& t4 m- r7 G' B" C
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 R ] H- t0 I5 c6 Y5 ?' K; f6 k 6. Group or mass petitions
" g& y3 K; I' W$ m$ L6 v/ S7 {$ P- \
Communications with a Wider Audience
, M! R. Z0 ]1 |6 u 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 @: j4 n& q l: S6 S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# d, @; c4 G/ m) Y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: g% y& J# y7 B
10. Newspapers and journals
7 H* n$ y0 u$ v4 r7 a 11. Records, radio, and television8 ^( Z2 \3 c. P# A) T
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. e- K; @6 H" g% x
( ~/ v% g7 i* S3 TGroup Representations
( g: `- F! _1 \/ C8 { 13. Deputations- ^0 r; O4 S- N& W. ], r4 x6 A% a2 h
14. Mock awards1 @% A- T3 O6 y* ?* a7 V
15. Group lobbying4 I7 D# D- l z& [
16. Picketing0 q0 V9 h: T R: o/ ^# [: ?' ~
17. Mock elections
9 H$ x* q& w; k# ]2 R- L( I
" b# ?: b' L0 E! J7 wSymbolic Public Acts
M) D2 g) y& d; A( E1 ^; h' } 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ s$ Z* D# G) J* f1 u% x6 [. E) P
19. Wearing of symbols
6 C0 N9 b0 a! E. G 20. Prayer and worship! j/ i- S4 J9 k& s0 Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects/ l5 H: p* d6 W) [5 k. G0 p
22. Protest disrobings# q" r2 g) |" E+ ^6 r
23. Destruction of own property# H! j: l0 y0 |3 w& m: x
24. Symbolic lights! G5 n) W0 X! [* b
25. Displays of portraits f* @$ J' b. N" a/ U' x9 @% d! n% }
26. Paint as protest
% M6 J4 c* }9 \& c 27. New signs and names
$ Z! c& s7 X# `2 C( U* K8 ? r" ] 28. Symbolic sounds
3 {: E( j# I P 29. Symbolic reclamations" g. f& h: F/ |/ n
30. Rude gestures3 {1 D a+ c/ J! h- F" t
! F: a5 j8 R6 d5 S( p
Pressures on Individuals! K4 V/ d# i/ n" s2 _5 J& S# e
31. “Haunting” officials
3 o3 C6 T) q( I2 x) l" l* d/ s 32. Taunting officials# O: | l* [; P7 R
33. Fraternization
, S9 X/ x, k- n$ X; Q) D. ~ z) Q 34. Vigils/ e* q9 X: [) `
: O' z0 o3 k7 f6 k$ N7 {3 D- ZDrama and Music
7 {$ P6 [0 c! P; ~1 [- m 35. Humorous skits and pranks {# J) e! {7 K) v' C
36. Performances of plays and music# y. u, C: ^3 }0 ^ [
37. Singing
5 F: c8 @1 d, k0 s+ u x1 c7 I
8 f1 ~( x2 N# S* j d$ f6 bProcessions
) j* D1 {, c- Q9 B: @ 38. Marches
) Y7 y. X5 k. d 39. Parades
7 ?0 x. m" N# T% @* T: ? 40. Religious processions
' G: W% d+ [* h' s 41. Pilgrimages1 b* u- I7 W9 |
42. Motorcades
* l0 r2 W& Y5 h W
/ c k8 d: M& f6 ^8 U9 x: W( H5 FHonoring the Dead
0 p' f7 w% \, l 43. Political mourning# T% h8 f2 Y8 w
44. Mock funerals
. a8 f2 O0 g6 l- P8 a0 v! Q 45. Demonstrative funerals
& ^; E4 ^* B% {) z' U4 P 46. Homage at burial places9 p b O& l- d# |
% P$ w% J4 e: J" r) ]
Public Assemblies
: w: ^7 ~ a5 V6 P, V& B 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 u I. e; P+ T [& O) v$ R& Z 48. Protest meetings
5 q: V$ S: r' W# w0 O 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 a3 F4 b( y E& ~: M
50. Teach-ins( B/ C! T D! E7 @ J
: b& r9 U4 t+ \" [- k! r
Withdrawal and Renunciation* m& [9 R: T: x& N
51. Walk-outs
$ q, Z4 ?1 `+ t) o 52. Silence
# _8 z6 n/ H7 K) X6 v 53. Renouncing honors
$ i, _2 F' d+ p; R3 K' q$ @ 54. Turning one’s back
. n1 `6 y& R" [! j" U4 ]& }" D; Y& ?# f5 j
) o# E n0 g! w4 O8 v$ l1 f5 b5 v- Q# c, @) n+ ]4 @% {, m! h
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 J$ s2 _& [& r1 o) N, q: M- F6 {$ @
4 [. p' m. v, \3 D0 |* y
5 d. [1 x3 V+ h$ x/ e7 C' q2 JOstracism of Persons5 ?' t/ i7 J9 J" T( {; z
55. Social boycott' `3 r. n& |* U4 }6 D1 w
56. Selective social boycott( \- Y; B# o# }/ D7 h! E8 v: k+ M
57. Lysistratic nonaction
& e5 D2 R% G$ ~- S2 ] 58. Excommunication/ g1 [' }: H }3 ~
59. Interdict2 k4 I) E! q( E8 h
3 K; l7 t8 g# K1 Y+ `* s1 i9 W1 V
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 J7 `; n( b$ U# b3 v2 P+ e/ D 60. Suspension of social and sports activities e* j3 b+ C0 c1 y
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 w! I, i7 l4 h 62. Student strike! F) A, M& M/ @# c e, G
63. Social disobedience3 O8 ?6 V8 U, Y. ]8 t- O: X! R3 H
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. F2 j, ]4 H' ~; o8 `5 l3 p( n! U
Withdrawal from the Social System7 Q! J2 c4 Z% b+ V. v w
65. Stay-at-home
, d6 G) A2 }" {0 S, \8 u7 b: T1 I 66. Total personal noncooperation
`1 V- R5 n0 Z% _6 P; q 67. “Flight” of workers. E# e1 ~7 s0 M
68. Sanctuary' [- F4 N3 p8 r
69. Collective disappearance
0 y9 X* D! X2 a! O2 @, J9 x% h0 p 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% q6 X, ^$ W; Y% i) G
' n& p$ `- m! u 9 A/ p8 V3 b8 ~8 h& w% }4 @3 Q6 }
; h" {* w9 T" a; [8 lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& S& w/ F& K: b* j
* E# K% f3 L1 @2 z& Y, p+ } * d! ?' a7 i& A2 i
Actions by Consumers: ?0 v/ f& h7 U( A
71. Consumers’ boycott, T' _3 u0 s3 T* Y5 o0 L5 ?
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 S4 T* `% g. u$ t
73. Policy of austerity
+ i e, ?5 i3 Z( d 74. Rent withholding
% H6 E5 J; F7 M& T 75. Refusal to rent2 L4 a: a/ G; f+ r
76. National consumers’ boycott
! `) o) P6 O* |6 C 77. International consumers’ boycott! V$ F5 _% j. T
' |( l2 [ u/ a
Action by Workers and Producers1 S( {4 T7 k B# B) B/ J* R
78. Workmen’s boycott4 }. H6 h; S& p$ J) v
79. Producers’ boycott! [2 N* z/ w2 L' U7 t& b, D8 l
4 H' t) V$ V, [* |5 n3 r5 C
Action by Middlemen
0 l4 J, f4 N: V% L: {, Y, y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' E: P+ v1 W& c+ g# j
8 U, l h' x, z KAction by Owners and Management) J- X' m/ l( p
81. Traders’ boycott7 a) ]5 M6 }8 j
82. Refusal to let or sell property8 q7 o/ D5 V! g0 o* @/ S( v
83. Lockout
+ I& T! B" ~& Y$ z" I6 `) b" { 84. Refusal of industrial assistance. D H* p7 X1 P! ?
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ `1 \) i6 J: D0 x
f+ L* }0 [ n$ u
Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 }9 r8 z6 V" x9 n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 ?$ z0 c R# [3 B0 q" u 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' Y* l+ Q8 o. \! Z. k8 D 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 \4 @3 d: t- V* S* V
89. Severance of funds and credit! d% N# M: n$ H- I; d6 S& O
90. Revenue refusal8 \6 z L5 u1 W( `$ E+ v; x
91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 }% _2 J0 d- L: K! R
0 |/ v% ~2 g6 b |Action by Governments
3 j8 t+ R1 c1 G' J; F 92. Domestic embargo
: J! _: p: k4 T, H& T 93. Blacklisting of traders/ W; r. @9 Q I; V$ u0 _
94. International sellers’ embargo$ k7 }$ R' J& T% B2 p1 L: v
95. International buyers’ embargo
" U& a$ f; \) O% r 96. International trade embargo1 N! e6 S5 w$ V* h k
2 J( R1 w- W# T! R : r8 l9 h5 |* t) g
: W' A. @2 N x5 QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 E! r/ c5 i* J! G0 I# o! _! ]$ e& I4 O" `, z
+ U2 w# N) p: @1 q; z' C( L
Symbolic Strikes
3 Y& r- H- `* i1 U. Y 97. Protest strike7 c% F$ J# G2 _* P6 G' m" k
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 z3 a+ M! Y, l! k/ `; w6 \2 f. {6 v2 l0 a& T+ O: I m
Agricultural Strikes
9 p* F- p* I; D, j( a+ b. S 99. Peasant strike
7 [, r ]2 N" n5 n9 z, a5 ]: R 100. Farm Workers’ strike1 W$ d; b- q2 A9 Q# F1 o; t
. G; u0 Q4 J) N
Strikes by Special Groups( I3 g0 H9 _' i3 W( Y
101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 P4 P( W1 ^: \- o/ ?# L 102. Prisoners’ strike! M' a9 _0 _" ?7 p# E+ y y8 s. t- [
103. Craft strike
: `/ ]1 o* C7 W8 j( G 104. Professional strike
) n1 [/ d- ?. K- ]
8 ?& v; \" v: |! \2 nOrdinary Industrial Strikes' O( T( u. H7 s$ a3 f/ y
105. Establishment strike2 \/ a& j. }: h2 v
106. Industry strike
4 s. u7 {% w# z* w! M 107. Sympathetic strike
, y* R. u2 F+ \+ e. [. p. }
. V" X: H6 k. ], D9 G/ p& iRestricted Strikes
5 E5 N! K u( n# D 108. Detailed strike9 L$ J `; o" O2 Q5 x$ y
109. Bumper strike
( y, x% g ` {4 i- A& f; m 110. Slowdown strike* l! a$ Y; t: [6 E
111. Working-to-rule strike; W* H. _8 J1 g- M# F4 e. @+ s
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" g) d: g1 u: s+ [' n- b0 l 113. Strike by resignation1 t: ^( N d0 g5 |
114. Limited strike
+ ]& C9 Q# `" N1 Q 115. Selective strike7 i5 k- a! x3 O: |, Q6 w
1 W# }2 ~+ g9 H2 p1 OMulti-Industry Strikes
0 i6 I& w8 J' N% p0 w) c) @3 E( N: C" m3 t5 K2 M. x
116. Generalized strike
# o/ R% C% ? h: G7 ^4 @
8 J3 ?1 i$ X \) [1 e! p 117. General strike
3 T; D, S8 W; [# R6 B9 F! u: L
3 Z5 J8 t) ^7 F# |& ]Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 `5 C% m' M6 ~) l" h3 S
$ `: K7 E K7 M) `
118. Hartal
' \2 J* X, e9 R; @. \; b
4 w8 B2 h# V9 p+ | 119. Economic shutdown7 e# W: L* N/ h. a( z, u
$ W5 C* f2 D# C6 U
: `2 m7 u3 S6 |1 ?( p' n/ ]; j" S: A
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
/ y f6 `7 n) m2 p. \
. g K, E3 b7 l3 c# f D 6 c8 N! v0 A( f. X' v4 O. R# ?# u: q
Rejection of Authority. N1 F( E& M. q0 r+ ?- \. ~. D
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 U/ \$ r8 @/ E
121. Refusal of public support9 y1 Z7 E( g; l5 E! [ V' p% G
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; b" s9 C. n4 X: ]- B" z# ~$ I& ]; c9 A6 Z# Y- C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" ^; s! u& |/ o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies! E/ e9 y* G5 G
124. Boycott of elections
) l. D% l& F# S& T3 W7 R2 a' R: e 125. Boycott of government employment and positions7 }1 W7 c; P1 U( T$ U$ O
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
2 ~) v2 q# T0 x8 A# d6 i4 J6 o 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 x0 F& @0 Z& b5 c% K1 c1 W
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- s/ t: W* t; ?0 G) m7 G2 M9 Q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 z- P( {; f: _5 Z: d
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. r( B4 L; @+ K7 n1 E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 W% @/ t% C: b, ~/ K
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: J0 u1 i7 y3 a" @% |
0 P0 {$ W+ _( r
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 J3 ~' b: G/ @& Q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 ]& p- @: m, ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" k. W$ \9 f5 u: i4 v# l# X
135. Popular nonobedience; z% G( I; [2 o
136. Disguised disobedience. H7 h D8 Z, h3 B/ a$ u! w
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 F. m/ C9 u+ W
138. Sitdown x# B. w- t1 A' P! {6 {
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 T+ W/ Y, j- q9 m/ c 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities T( l8 X" T$ L0 U+ z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 p" r' C; b5 j& ]
' T+ X! ?3 R& m& X8 c/ I. e7 O/ C
Action by Government Personnel
) X- |+ T9 C" |) t 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: `: L2 d' R# r. e2 Z4 c& h
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' G( A* ?6 M6 w! y/ ? 144. Stalling and obstruction9 r6 j8 u9 W+ W* P6 _7 U4 j" T9 @: A
145. General administrative noncooperation4 Z* G! O7 j" f9 c: U! b7 q
4 W1 t# K/ E' U. {8 S 146. Judicial noncooperation, G: B& b* }+ b% e; A, Y1 Q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" z$ J* ?6 d4 \: w9 `# V 148. Mutiny9 x' r8 J" h+ o$ I
Domestic Governmental Action7 e- U( y& A! w( D3 C; K2 _8 H
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! C3 Q& P' o, F 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( ?: z3 T' v" g) F
, V6 i |, A$ s3 s; X( I
International Governmental Action9 T6 x) e. Q3 U) H
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* ~, s! }1 Q: r% d+ I$ V
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
3 M" |* i7 Y3 d; z. @& Q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: D: {* e: ?; w3 D 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 b, S# X r$ U3 I& R4 K ` 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& b' w3 t% ^) c& K: ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) |- y7 c: w9 c( l+ c: n# T& ~0 @3 ? 157. Expulsion from international organizations
" s2 f0 @+ ` L5 Z6 d4 _5 g- l% i. ~! q& v
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9 B$ F( E& ~( W$ B8 b
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 L) l0 h# @5 d* V1 N/ J1 W. T
0 @ u6 e) b* I8 R2 l+ ]
9 c/ N- z( D8 O. xPsychological Intervention
( t$ {1 N5 ?8 R 158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ v8 y/ R! a: U- w7 E4 t 159. The fast
- M# Y: A7 h: s- ^( v5 D a) Fast of moral pressure
7 L; J8 O8 y2 M, W- I7 y. j9 i, B b) Hunger strike% z5 _ o) Q) t3 N
c) Satyagrahic fast. r) \! a, L- {# q
160. Reverse trial* C3 X# i8 x7 E& H% _1 s
161. Nonviolent harassment
9 l" n" ]; Y* ?2 A1 [: M! I+ i& I$ ]- D- t6 x Z
Physical Intervention
; h8 I" E5 s7 I" F( g) X. i" N 162. Sit-in
! y( T6 o2 Y: D( L 163. Stand-in- H8 {8 o# m5 O+ h
164. Ride-in
- O2 L, ?4 d5 G% e+ B Z 165. Wade-in
) o! E) Y1 O# ` 166. Mill-in& Q0 K% F; @6 R; E- [; H
167. Pray-in# ]: z; A0 @6 d& ~( x a9 x' } R
168. Nonviolent raids) e, L( z1 H! G9 v6 `3 `& h
169. Nonviolent air raids
% @$ P: n2 Y/ Q# o3 N 170. Nonviolent invasion
3 v+ L. G) M$ Y3 |0 P9 Z. V7 ~ 171. Nonviolent interjection0 L4 m% C; }& s8 u# p
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 i) U6 U* K+ ~2 G' R 173. Nonviolent occupation
5 s. s. a8 y! ]/ x8 G
& C4 A9 W/ Z: y' \5 B7 sSocial Intervention8 V) q) P* p5 C- w% H K+ b
174. Establishing new social patterns$ x) i, t! H; Q Z3 F& ^3 X
175. Overloading of facilities
& Q6 C" E) d/ w+ w 176. Stall-in
! u4 @8 d5 g1 @1 {- x 177. Speak-in
4 g& w4 i. K! Y0 v1 v4 i 178. Guerrilla theater2 r( z) J7 A* l# T8 c) y1 b
179. Alternative social institutions
+ J1 |, |; ^2 C 180. Alternative communication system
7 p4 ?- t9 v" a' @7 [) o R0 Z @( b* e- j9 E s% \$ ?
Economic Intervention) G& C% I+ ? x" o; m: v, I
181. Reverse strike. l7 Y# j! B% _, j( W1 C3 \# e
182. Stay-in strike8 ]; H6 z! S: E1 }- j1 C/ `
183. Nonviolent land seizure& p/ N6 i& i9 n1 H5 z- q5 e/ k: j
184. Defiance of blockades9 m3 Z! X8 J$ c. O* b# ?
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ `! z" I0 M' q8 T/ U
186. Preclusive purchasing/ q, X3 A2 C2 B; a( j# o" z6 y8 F
187. Seizure of assets( p S6 I5 R: u; @7 g; T" C* W
188. Dumping5 Y$ r& @0 M4 I- N/ a* ?
189. Selective patronage( R& v$ w4 a! i! H' M. ^) x
190. Alternative markets5 D3 R! b$ ]% T4 d$ U% w& x5 z
191. Alternative transportation systems5 O' h; }5 T5 v+ ~
192. Alternative economic institutions
8 T+ h% k7 Q8 n b7 Y* e6 i7 {( N9 W7 c0 I; K9 x- Q
Political Intervention
2 e9 P' X) ~& H; n- @, ?* `) | 193. Overloading of administrative systems5 ^2 `6 D8 v) n0 i7 s
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' L. {. D8 |0 Q% s 195. Seeking imprisonment
: c5 F$ n) D6 j$ \0 z7 M# s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! c9 u/ s5 A: F8 k: c4 T8 F3 G
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 f4 x$ [3 E9 {: G& v; p 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 `" g: K) z2 d- I; z3 W0 U* Q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
