 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# Z8 E5 i4 v- e5 {" E) a4 i3 BFormal Statements8 U/ u. ~2 U1 T
1. Public Speeches6 x: k" R0 b3 C" n" n9 C
2. Letters of opposition or support) A' K; q1 U3 ]( b; l
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions }1 f4 y5 u2 B& p' w2 i( |
4. Signed public statements
, B, x- e: l$ l$ A! d 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, G5 {: \ i- }. x- x* V- Y3 |- k 6. Group or mass petitions- P# d" E5 ?, L; u2 f
0 W, o* A6 m0 S7 l1 L& G: V
Communications with a Wider Audience1 A! a$ A) N, J: C2 f
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 k4 R" i: l# b9 I8 t% \( v 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; q6 E6 q2 q1 A5 m+ L0 X
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# [* J* {3 b! G! Q8 G
10. Newspapers and journals6 p; P! W2 s# C) [+ S7 V; |6 ~
11. Records, radio, and television# b# F. i$ h6 t, I( t) Q
12. Skywriting and earthwriting* _9 P% M3 C- E9 r
' X" V1 p1 T' q& F1 ~: C. w4 M+ n" K7 k
Group Representations
k$ Q; ]8 _8 ~1 F2 |- d 13. Deputations2 u9 g$ w7 K# ~
14. Mock awards
/ u6 ?8 t X7 I* b- v+ w1 j" ] 15. Group lobbying1 f4 M) z5 ^" W
16. Picketing1 i; d7 X) S) N/ P
17. Mock elections' w/ G* m9 Y$ T% I! e' K8 b
5 m0 g4 _8 t) w/ O. p* Y' ~/ R" {Symbolic Public Acts: t$ @! I4 D. C; g' ^0 Q
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( Y& q! Y# Z" Z @9 |" @& E
19. Wearing of symbols
$ J8 J& y& S: P, K& l* c 20. Prayer and worship( p4 v" v3 D0 q$ j
21. Delivering symbolic objects" r3 t2 ^: B6 H. x: Y
22. Protest disrobings2 b, Z! o' W; U% f
23. Destruction of own property0 ]% D: f/ f9 m7 m! l K
24. Symbolic lights( Z) ]1 g# B- I8 ]- v3 o. k
25. Displays of portraits
+ \6 ^8 H! J' N- \7 @7 h# u0 n 26. Paint as protest
9 i- ~( {1 U5 y0 \0 K 27. New signs and names
* B1 O2 q* P1 o0 z3 ~ 28. Symbolic sounds
: Y& d* H5 x& |1 l4 o) g/ I 29. Symbolic reclamations
6 d4 M8 y2 b5 d; Z* h 30. Rude gestures
: U9 |# S9 L, k( D" U9 t
, ]# M: `. F o1 [* ?Pressures on Individuals
% I# J! h* A G 31. “Haunting” officials
0 B% d7 A$ F) g5 T5 O 32. Taunting officials
5 l0 S" C |* i 33. Fraternization
! A+ V5 `. Z5 j& e; b 34. Vigils5 W' n' R# n" }: C; u) P/ q
7 }' A( _ {8 O( p' U# {/ [Drama and Music
4 ^, f/ i1 n* @$ C8 }% x; W 35. Humorous skits and pranks" _) M* S; _0 A: B+ h9 m
36. Performances of plays and music2 h# B0 O/ R/ e
37. Singing! j2 K. ]! I; m4 Y
" D8 n/ X( S1 D& ]# f9 F0 p
Processions7 m% Z' D2 i" l; ^( y
38. Marches; ~, ^0 S5 H3 V4 P# n9 [4 f9 k. b
39. Parades
$ V9 s" g( U/ g+ ~+ c 40. Religious processions$ D% h- B1 j% E+ v, z
41. Pilgrimages! U9 d' U$ Z. I& [
42. Motorcades3 @& c- A: P* y
' {4 v' W' e) u! }) lHonoring the Dead
0 a% T# J& L0 P 43. Political mourning8 m# b4 ?! n: h5 n
44. Mock funerals( L8 K: {( Q0 m8 l2 I" E
45. Demonstrative funerals" B0 D% m1 B' e5 a, r- V8 H3 {
46. Homage at burial places
+ n: m$ c9 D A) c m' |" g) M/ _
" R2 G3 d, l, i3 VPublic Assemblies0 Z1 Z9 t; w+ c" m
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 A* y+ r7 ]1 E9 y3 r; ^
48. Protest meetings. P& U7 S3 W; A1 b g+ w
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 m. `2 A" d5 ? 50. Teach-ins2 U3 _# G9 Y% r1 U2 N5 j G
! Q. i# V7 I' G8 D
Withdrawal and Renunciation7 R) Z% Y u* ~, m
51. Walk-outs' \' s# [" J: K/ o0 k
52. Silence: H6 J$ h# i; Q) j! l
53. Renouncing honors
) @$ O- p, t# R% M, B 54. Turning one’s back
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! H, L+ _* ]8 Y0 _! Q: h. g; q6 y# C, O+ A
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 ^; d7 W; g( }$ v6 ^$ f; L0 a
3 K+ J0 o6 r* o' x3 F. X) d 1 \' @' m1 J. K, ~* ?) ~; l: y9 N
' K% {$ g# I6 t
Ostracism of Persons, Y, l6 ~# z! }8 ~9 U
55. Social boycott
) p# U! O; a# [' W. g* b! Q& P 56. Selective social boycott
]- a% {% A& V4 `. P 57. Lysistratic nonaction
: y U, n8 [. {; Y" u9 ? 58. Excommunication
. s" F0 [0 X; c 59. Interdict+ Y# a7 t$ k4 t
$ W+ F1 ?2 Z: B5 Z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 F8 ] N9 o L; b
60. Suspension of social and sports activities3 M& H1 v2 D5 v0 z9 b2 a' S2 c) W5 U
61. Boycott of social affairs. E$ X0 @2 B2 @, q3 o+ r/ m! q
62. Student strike# N7 U( N/ k" W& D* d4 p
63. Social disobedience
! Z/ M% n3 u/ Y) s& J8 K h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! i8 _* z2 K3 p' v! m9 \( \: A4 h
1 e* [! S7 b: N% @: NWithdrawal from the Social System Y6 c& s# h; Y0 K+ E7 O0 [
65. Stay-at-home
8 y' O: E: |2 _2 M4 u# r 66. Total personal noncooperation
! B; n6 O" s1 Z2 R 67. “Flight” of workers
- f- M9 ?. m2 k. }8 w+ W+ e% K 68. Sanctuary; n4 }- A4 t# P& M+ D, k1 r
69. Collective disappearance
' O) v. l- P/ J+ D$ n 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& A) N+ C6 Z0 P% a
0 W+ \! Q* `' w. h * p* g! M! x! h+ D9 M6 T
^9 F8 I9 i% ^: H5 ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
" }, K3 `( \" D6 `
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) b7 T! c! ~" M9 S: s9 hActions by Consumers: D5 Z3 T; Q" h5 k
71. Consumers’ boycott
- N c8 _% J0 s1 V- _# g8 V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' J. L" C* a6 c( n! _: k; O& I& X5 ~ 73. Policy of austerity2 Z. E; X$ w, b0 C: s: l
74. Rent withholding5 T, a) b2 f; \. O
75. Refusal to rent
8 B" I, \; a4 f$ R0 C 76. National consumers’ boycott2 s' L3 d+ z+ q0 x' }/ Z; D
77. International consumers’ boycott. J/ f1 @) R& O9 M: O% `! w
) A( z' X$ D3 K, H# fAction by Workers and Producers
2 a; ^: X+ _5 C3 {3 _" p& I9 X 78. Workmen’s boycott6 H% Q* _7 d) g5 V6 c6 R
79. Producers’ boycott
7 |* K8 W1 f9 @5 I
% R2 U5 E" ~/ k7 jAction by Middlemen
- n, @. o. w3 y5 C, v 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; ]9 ^' R" `) d9 e1 v
0 j7 b" G6 O# J9 y, c `7 jAction by Owners and Management1 U7 ]7 ^8 o/ s! ]
81. Traders’ boycott* ]6 q1 r" u" D
82. Refusal to let or sell property8 g; T5 |; Z$ }8 v+ }( }
83. Lockout
$ ~! W( c4 i, Y- h/ Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 g0 K% c, Q9 C; F
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 Q3 |) o g5 H$ l
S$ ?7 ^" i# ]7 _, R! tAction by Holders of Financial Resources
+ `# P; |" P! q* c- Z4 s2 R' T 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits* T, X3 P/ z# o
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; w7 D4 z. z, ]4 t$ D 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 C; Q n' a6 o. @5 W R: }6 R 89. Severance of funds and credit
! B v8 l( u# \% {" A4 r+ o2 q h 90. Revenue refusal
( e/ I/ g z* b6 U; I 91. Refusal of a government’s money
; T# C9 `! A$ g1 U% }9 V! H2 \1 S( Q, q. Y3 L, R) h
Action by Governments
* y7 ]! l+ A5 y# ?- B. H 92. Domestic embargo
/ z& m3 g) N4 r7 J7 V5 j! m8 b4 m 93. Blacklisting of traders5 E. Q3 Q* v) l3 T! Y
94. International sellers’ embargo
7 a# e3 @: U/ K. u 95. International buyers’ embargo* g- ]0 p: ` j% Z7 @8 o" K
96. International trade embargo
0 B! T$ H- j7 Q5 p2 W3 b- l5 _( i4 v6 B% g9 c) R/ |
3 V- `+ F' V. m* @8 C" ]- i. a1 @
7 m$ C" s! Q5 o1 ]& UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: ~. ^1 J( X& F
6 }( X% b. K, K+ U4 S9 _
0 d! F0 s" }" o9 J8 U# e/ ^. qSymbolic Strikes: J5 J6 y$ Z( X5 R! U8 T; z
97. Protest strike9 \; D2 v2 {5 S1 \7 ^
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: U- |, ?+ f& f& k. m: F' D3 g, h* h- D
Agricultural Strikes: T5 _( n% m. G7 `( {. f) d
99. Peasant strike
. A/ H- ?6 j; o 100. Farm Workers’ strike: \7 {7 M! u1 A
% H( T+ b. f6 N; Y
Strikes by Special Groups
7 g7 f! M, ^! ?/ g# k5 h 101. Refusal of impressed labor2 g$ R ^: X0 B
102. Prisoners’ strike
- ?! g" m ?- @, G( M 103. Craft strike. G2 [" k Q& k2 u8 q* l2 ?
104. Professional strike
' @% w4 v% A( m# p6 Z: J, ~: U. s! @! u* P
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 Y- o- q+ S' ?- u1 M2 m5 G5 l; w" I 105. Establishment strike
: {4 A7 n( P { 106. Industry strike* n# S S$ g8 {) F
107. Sympathetic strike& b9 g: {% a" x5 ^
3 y# E4 N. z: G4 w* w/ J. X8 zRestricted Strikes8 ]% Z; `7 u3 {, _
108. Detailed strike) J; V. ?. n0 }8 e8 d- |
109. Bumper strike) B- w$ O- b$ [4 c$ G; t
110. Slowdown strike, y+ q% x, r7 u5 p# n4 Z. H% Y
111. Working-to-rule strike
9 Y+ e9 w) ^( t- Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 q& Q3 c! g% w( U 113. Strike by resignation
) v8 H, h" \7 b1 D 114. Limited strike2 L' l( h# X3 q, A
115. Selective strike4 @; B: l2 w3 B
" d- |; w b! h& m& G
Multi-Industry Strikes6 |$ q! s7 q9 ~
$ O3 W: ~) {+ v, @ ]( D( w8 T 116. Generalized strike
; D# v& I6 q' t, O6 h' h$ ^ y
" c0 W0 T* ?* n 117. General strike$ @. P+ ^" V' l1 ^3 A) z/ b
3 V8 B+ P, |- ICombination of Strikes and Economic Closures# K- ]8 ^7 Z" m' T
( R, ~: t5 Q# e* H 118. Hartal
' g1 A# g! ^9 E' `7 r
/ a/ K1 b$ g' [2 H4 \3 F# M% _5 U- S( V 119. Economic shutdown3 o" B3 [, G9 K2 z9 B& h
8 X# n2 R: l4 D4 C
& m% R2 Y' K: ^- Q) b4 g- ^* M2 k6 D: z$ J- z W: I
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; {% ~2 T/ y9 J1 a6 Q! ]
, t! I6 i% n0 D' a
) K6 ?# Z' R+ c, _' sRejection of Authority
: I6 h- d$ J( @2 H4 g$ ], r 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 r3 ^7 b0 y G1 Z: a4 d 121. Refusal of public support
+ K6 B8 z8 L) k( N/ I 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' _& n2 O) k2 ~5 \ ]# w, ]
' H9 U( h/ P1 n
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& j- a4 I9 ]$ S% {3 a, K0 X
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: r* ] |1 G6 B3 d( R2 r' ] 124. Boycott of elections
! U) e4 x/ u2 O! z$ e; Z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( x! ` T. B# t7 `7 Y- @ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 H4 z. F# C0 f$ ^* \( n# |$ O3 r2 u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( Q7 S- l5 P9 j/ |+ V1 `0 b0 u9 F8 y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ t. h2 U H n- r% r 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 \7 d i. c, K' q, s0 Z7 l 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 L4 N: j3 @% C4 i# \" X2 K4 _ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& O3 [" \) G7 X/ \ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 Z" d) b- u4 J5 G) d7 r2 A
9 Q- Q1 o% T/ `* wCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 h- B3 m- v& @5 \2 F& A# O 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) E$ A$ m2 W5 p6 p3 P; V# \ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ ^& u) d% t9 @3 M4 S
135. Popular nonobedience
: i) w# k* z4 z; w8 ~/ }+ J 136. Disguised disobedience
' B2 o9 f; d8 b8 ]% R7 w 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 P" w% y/ L4 K4 E
138. Sitdown
R. U; \7 T4 q& d; V/ v( t1 t 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 U# v4 Z k) ` k A 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" P5 z! q) ~2 \( { 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, }7 v2 p9 b( ?5 b1 X. H! v
! i; x! P# U2 L8 G" QAction by Government Personnel: K2 I9 ^ c3 e* O" k
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ S+ j0 Z l* E" A7 _+ s) r" E
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: v1 {2 g C t( L1 B5 ]7 m- V 144. Stalling and obstruction
2 C4 K0 u& L; l) g! v6 k) @ 145. General administrative noncooperation: H3 l/ G# b3 I
0 j+ w- L% l8 c: W; V 146. Judicial noncooperation2 s% Z) k' u- E; c: ]; Y! [
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' C( V2 ^% L K3 c; G 148. Mutiny
& }. P. Y" X9 a6 G, Z9 N0 i8 b) |Domestic Governmental Action2 M! u$ Z2 l# H5 Y8 F2 c% t+ y: ]
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 C& i8 W+ B U, C3 g7 b 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( R6 ^# e. V$ g* x1 D4 A/ {) p
# }+ G( u% _2 c0 u3 l
International Governmental Action5 I: c2 b! P9 Q* `
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
i3 P! G7 u9 [7 y0 A. N. _& O6 J) | 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 n5 V% E' P! ?% u1 v* b 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, E$ I) Q3 }# y2 ~ V2 i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, }9 _9 o0 b: R2 \) h0 \$ a 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: ?6 {2 Z0 }9 q5 c 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) u9 ?3 F6 ]( j9 C& w' w( c. i# S
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 j# P/ ?: i8 P1 \( ]& J
C" p, r6 m" p+ N/ T2 _4 O3 _
3 L6 r+ J3 C, @
9 c/ g n+ f# `, [% DTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, d& @$ c, ]( G0 Q" g& j/ Q6 F# Y; ~
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Psychological Intervention
$ q, _/ s3 y- h! Y1 H- { 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 R! G( `8 C; F5 p8 `% [ U 159. The fast
5 B: g8 k* o/ s1 n* V- L% J a) Fast of moral pressure
( A8 `4 N5 W0 q( N b) Hunger strike) n( Z" g; [, a8 \$ v
c) Satyagrahic fast' y) D( I) u# w' f1 U: I
160. Reverse trial
- Y2 K: B, V# P6 b( e 161. Nonviolent harassment
% ? D9 s% [& r5 K {* v1 p% S1 N' ]' o9 K- s0 @
Physical Intervention$ W8 z& R$ S* Q+ A- h. F
162. Sit-in
% @8 [: ~3 d, g8 |0 ?8 X) F; j 163. Stand-in4 ~% ?- E- ]0 N8 k& D5 m
164. Ride-in
0 \4 H; l W) V! F* J! n$ ]" z/ W 165. Wade-in3 Q' P4 W( [, O) B6 l6 Q
166. Mill-in
$ j; r; D3 k* `. s( Z 167. Pray-in
; c" c% ~8 I/ n6 K8 w 168. Nonviolent raids
c9 M8 b# D6 g7 p% r$ \* \( G 169. Nonviolent air raids9 X4 |* ]4 Y; ?2 h1 {
170. Nonviolent invasion8 |# K2 u1 \4 N! z. p
171. Nonviolent interjection
* u$ h6 m: X0 H( M6 e% U; \. b7 L 172. Nonviolent obstruction
' O% z; a+ P& E+ i, G, |8 H0 P 173. Nonviolent occupation
7 n# L4 E5 C: J, C# z, I; ^: K9 M; I' H0 d7 o
Social Intervention' v O4 s1 R" s# J8 ]% k9 n* P, F
174. Establishing new social patterns0 H/ i+ `, o" K) A+ Q
175. Overloading of facilities" o1 E) m1 E) r/ W
176. Stall-in% z' b2 Q4 i4 j
177. Speak-in
) y0 a* |" N1 ~ 178. Guerrilla theater! {+ c! N# O" w' t
179. Alternative social institutions: S. Q( _0 I( r" C* S9 h7 h
180. Alternative communication system
- A3 F' u- ]4 e2 s9 y
) e9 C" y# d- }4 W! R. \Economic Intervention8 v+ G+ v8 c! \) i( |
181. Reverse strike$ O) {3 @! u; Y8 c; l+ ~
182. Stay-in strike
% T. ~) m+ Y4 B) _) @2 j/ {, W 183. Nonviolent land seizure
- V9 D4 B2 o5 d! ~( P/ W7 }, R 184. Defiance of blockades
! T0 w: z) Y) t) T8 W& ]; d 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" ` {; O1 P: Z& h; N3 A
186. Preclusive purchasing/ {; H( m7 i3 ^( n0 r* m: K
187. Seizure of assets
! V! `: X% Y, N2 [ 188. Dumping
9 T' f$ x+ t, i! t1 d( Z* |' H 189. Selective patronage0 C1 B- W3 C2 N6 a
190. Alternative markets7 d! N3 P. m g7 N5 q% I& R" k6 t
191. Alternative transportation systems
, S& q1 M1 M1 w$ d. E 192. Alternative economic institutions7 q. }& [5 s: S6 J* a
- I2 c9 o- k9 a$ ^0 V) }0 v b, nPolitical Intervention
T7 I# L% y- i. K8 { 193. Overloading of administrative systems
, v# g: E0 i( A" O$ V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' C+ e; Z0 V. p* P9 O9 K
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 v; {8 X: j6 ~* M& Q& S, ~ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: H: d/ e" H9 |" h0 f. ?5 Y( m 197. Work-on without collaboration$ Z @4 ^ F$ f% s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
