 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ R) M/ I0 q( B- W- o% B! L, q+ [& UFormal Statements k8 i( N5 k' g! N; U, J# q; s
1. Public Speeches
5 i$ {5 L y% q- G3 @; ^+ W: H 2. Letters of opposition or support
1 y# Y) D( f9 ^1 M 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 A5 g% k! X$ V9 x0 N4 }- ]8 W
4. Signed public statements
) P* a- _. j) y* N6 O 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# K$ |; D# e5 U7 H$ G! | 6. Group or mass petitions
- O& { ^8 h; r4 U9 Q" K* i5 F1 _& h& o# L( ]' s
Communications with a Wider Audience" v% l; w* t- H( k- H7 |* e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 T. j5 }1 }2 |: y/ q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& `0 n% Z$ ]& v. w( D+ `7 p
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 q' Q; v( r: M 10. Newspapers and journals
& J& _, u1 _& M 11. Records, radio, and television% f5 T9 r$ ~; m, Q+ C# y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting: r Q# V, i8 c; `
; \& m, k9 S h/ n+ b
Group Representations
; T8 A( B3 O3 ^" T9 B 13. Deputations
3 o( c$ T& S2 \( D* H 14. Mock awards
, H/ [' @3 [5 H 15. Group lobbying1 e* P! T! v. h& ^5 |; D& Q
16. Picketing1 j S& v7 Y0 v2 `# w) o$ o% y: ?
17. Mock elections
6 _, A6 h/ z( f* Z' J; ]& O; j2 U
Symbolic Public Acts$ i/ U, y- I: w9 r5 H1 k
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 o- H4 l' @+ B& W1 q% c+ ? 19. Wearing of symbols
# q0 t9 W/ c" P& Y% z$ l' r7 g 20. Prayer and worship( p7 t/ f/ }9 d* w
21. Delivering symbolic objects, X" h5 g ~9 s) t% h% \! e
22. Protest disrobings
5 a* v r6 R0 ` 23. Destruction of own property: O2 \6 q$ Q9 j: ^9 B2 w) `
24. Symbolic lights
2 n! W' R. n( C+ I4 e) Z 25. Displays of portraits
# t) g9 n) R, Y- h: j8 ` 26. Paint as protest! d) k3 M. ]7 l/ |0 Q9 z3 O& P0 f
27. New signs and names% o0 @/ Y, W* q& \, \" `8 b9 C
28. Symbolic sounds' M, R8 e" I' l/ y' H S1 @/ x
29. Symbolic reclamations
# X$ [: U: e0 ^" s 30. Rude gestures
8 q( l4 W6 T+ k: c. r' H% k2 E& L. [, V. p, E7 H/ W6 A
Pressures on Individuals2 R! j7 h9 M X9 L9 t) G
31. “Haunting” officials
% q5 `8 `' r+ j# |- W 32. Taunting officials7 {7 y" z7 v$ l1 o" X; X) h! @" J
33. Fraternization
& c- i; }3 i! P) v! u1 j9 a$ t! p 34. Vigils" @" p' R# W4 L7 P
' ^) c. c8 _4 N- c" @* ?
Drama and Music B( B3 N! C3 @0 V
35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 _2 X ]/ M5 O+ T# y4 \! P2 y 36. Performances of plays and music
# r8 H3 Z$ V) x O 37. Singing* V; e+ o0 k3 r
3 Q8 \, A1 `- x9 K4 V- H. e8 C
Processions4 s' M: m6 a) C) H1 a
38. Marches
/ r5 \* r2 O. e; a# [. ` 39. Parades
+ ]3 u" z# ?- ^4 c& B* H9 j 40. Religious processions
1 k: f# L6 [) O( K- ^/ Z6 t 41. Pilgrimages
: y# }0 w V) R- b, T8 c 42. Motorcades2 [6 j+ X" [! ?. V3 m( U
4 V! A. t9 m b# i# f* Y1 RHonoring the Dead
6 t2 f/ V+ g) Q0 C4 P. m 43. Political mourning# Y7 W( A6 G1 Q
44. Mock funerals
1 ~- J; f0 j- Y' I9 q& ]! T 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 K1 C$ c/ K k3 o" ? 46. Homage at burial places5 a$ {2 w- f ~# W: w2 h3 R h9 r) q
5 v4 h$ p4 z) X5 `/ D$ D( Z
Public Assemblies
5 u& c# v- }0 J 47. Assemblies of protest or support
% R* f D6 n: h3 A& W 48. Protest meetings5 \* P0 d( ?& K! D7 t4 L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 g& @ d" U' l3 }4 w/ |5 v 50. Teach-ins
9 I! Z$ x6 }6 [1 n4 D- l7 o
1 ]3 R0 u, u2 z! M" T1 Y, BWithdrawal and Renunciation) J) N' Q- e- U, p1 ?1 b; Z& ^
51. Walk-outs2 f9 l- j: e+ X- F7 n
52. Silence
) g) A# T( a7 Y' k 53. Renouncing honors9 _" u/ z+ [0 a5 ]( p' C9 N
54. Turning one’s back% U" I$ X/ I" o
. ~9 t' H8 R; }9 k0 A
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0 b2 R# Z# [+ D" K# X* gTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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& j8 e" [* Q' m Y; M6 ]
Ostracism of Persons
* R3 e& ^' r2 Z$ G$ v7 M 55. Social boycott
) h- q# }) I( |$ z 56. Selective social boycott" b6 E6 F& Q- ]; t L8 x4 O
57. Lysistratic nonaction4 U8 ]: Z- N. c% s4 _) }
58. Excommunication9 H5 e/ q0 k+ [' `1 s
59. Interdict
3 O- L6 ~ D' J7 j( K' n6 a# t& ^5 O+ E: s4 j3 P' v) D# T( w& p
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ d7 _9 v2 k- X5 h 60. Suspension of social and sports activities( ] D: x6 q; W' g' a$ h7 w: R
61. Boycott of social affairs/ D, S9 }/ Z5 E: X
62. Student strike
( `7 I3 {% v) Q/ U% C' l 63. Social disobedience
/ P( q7 V9 M! i! N 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 p" V$ e- R+ `$ x, Q8 b$ }% ~; R) k6 l# y: p% U
Withdrawal from the Social System
/ z* J, ^' M6 l8 k) z+ S# O- @ 65. Stay-at-home1 J" u, t2 A u2 W* G- _; o
66. Total personal noncooperation' `' }0 d) V: X& {
67. “Flight” of workers
6 E2 m% l/ Y2 |2 I, u: j% a$ T( b 68. Sanctuary8 V% }. r+ L. f% S' K; N+ E0 D
69. Collective disappearance$ V* C' m2 H" h2 H) N8 g0 x3 v/ h- s
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" j9 b0 A7 c# a% q# H; a. v% j9 w
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: C3 W* r0 `7 D! _1 W2 J" K1 g3 ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! `7 e9 ?9 ~9 e; T1 [
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Actions by Consumers* H" E6 Y) u$ d+ A0 p: f
71. Consumers’ boycott( P3 q! U2 O* t4 [+ G9 a$ `
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 _8 S* q6 O+ |0 f" F1 v, E
73. Policy of austerity
8 L" b% s; d7 P8 `4 C6 g 74. Rent withholding% e+ h0 T2 Z# P- q# w! Q) U$ }
75. Refusal to rent9 ]- T5 S% Y+ A- T8 D
76. National consumers’ boycott. ]' Q9 T% C- y
77. International consumers’ boycott# Y: a. l% `& G" ~! q
7 m! Y/ W0 ^; t! w5 VAction by Workers and Producers" X3 c4 `3 c& E, l G6 s
78. Workmen’s boycott9 ?% E5 y [7 h6 b
79. Producers’ boycott
8 b) z C; J; U# z! M# p. y% T+ J4 }0 i( r+ Y" _, }
Action by Middlemen, n1 F6 s. n% A+ R# w9 r: W1 V
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& _! F4 f8 C3 ~6 Y' U
) l$ N$ L, ^& a. r+ J6 C( c7 TAction by Owners and Management7 ~& y; p4 W# ^3 Z" e n/ y- U1 C) @
81. Traders’ boycott" W& }% E( U/ q6 H
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: o( w+ U Q5 Y$ ?0 k4 j, I 83. Lockout- h+ t a# X% ?/ E
84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 N* ~* @; v1 d) ]
85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 U: z& s, P8 a1 B1 f$ Z
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
7 _8 V$ q# X6 n* [0 n Z' Z! H/ \/ m 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' C0 g0 i$ ~ }2 I( M& i) k 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ v+ ^" U+ e$ m A) Q# m# C
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* |! y+ V) |+ J% W* c+ D# p* m1 k
89. Severance of funds and credit/ l" L/ j* [+ W+ i4 b
90. Revenue refusal
# p6 l+ z( n* I+ Q7 m* Y c 91. Refusal of a government’s money1 M- v; X# ~2 P; m) _5 k% O0 ]3 }
8 J3 \' I e3 i/ O5 p' v
Action by Governments
2 A( z* W8 T( k' b5 {* s 92. Domestic embargo
' S( Z, o+ m2 r7 B# S. A1 h 93. Blacklisting of traders- E5 J/ [9 U/ m- z H
94. International sellers’ embargo
% W6 Z' R& w# Z# E' X$ z9 ~ 95. International buyers’ embargo
; ~4 Y$ y' R9 p7 W9 R6 z# O 96. International trade embargo5 O3 W0 ]* l. o- j
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/ k) p. P3 }2 a4 }$ }
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% k6 m( E% ~- a
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L r/ l E" \5 z; I d8 g0 BSymbolic Strikes9 g; E* f. s! [* d5 d0 n
97. Protest strike ]5 j$ W; h# h4 t2 `; J5 V/ s: O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( w0 H _& {4 ^( p m1 D! w3 Z4 Q3 x% v7 b- v( }0 y& m. n5 N
Agricultural Strikes
, Q1 v6 ^7 u3 U* L1 P' E 99. Peasant strike) E+ r6 I0 ?3 u3 h- ]' I% f
100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 I+ B' g2 r, y+ Q
& V8 D% w" ]6 t8 UStrikes by Special Groups
7 r. U( I* [8 A+ U- b 101. Refusal of impressed labor
" k% ~5 R' r' Y- u8 g* q 102. Prisoners’ strike! I4 ^5 l' Z4 q- U3 |4 k
103. Craft strike. z3 p \5 F4 N; K: k
104. Professional strike+ I) b/ ]: l0 A9 H& z G
3 x2 D4 @$ T' i# }' R! w
Ordinary Industrial Strikes- ^1 m' D# r( [: i5 l
105. Establishment strike6 W, o! C& L0 ^" b. d; w
106. Industry strike {* c/ x1 W4 e# I3 Y* z
107. Sympathetic strike
8 |3 d5 b. m% J: f( z( s
/ R6 n9 {* U* JRestricted Strikes
1 \% \. X* R' `" a& | Z- s 108. Detailed strike1 I* E9 ]! {# |7 C; c/ Q
109. Bumper strike
$ t/ O+ N& t( l! g3 x2 o' z' s 110. Slowdown strike4 P# V) t6 z3 D6 c1 q1 z
111. Working-to-rule strike
: R3 p% h7 ?7 n- w& P. R9 m# s q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
N' i* B% z S5 w. r 113. Strike by resignation- S p3 i6 Y) I! {: }- r+ S+ Y
114. Limited strike" A. B, n3 s; @* ]: t
115. Selective strike
0 m) |; \. ^0 A% {8 z% {8 L
( L. }- o( f" D6 R/ D& s$ a1 i6 YMulti-Industry Strikes
2 Y( a7 L8 [# {. _- J- z0 u4 t2 N9 @5 G( V+ _ S
116. Generalized strike1 R$ J+ c; N$ F1 Y6 \: u/ @
5 x7 M8 H7 [6 f 117. General strike
0 X: O/ R s/ j, n3 F; i. E( U- R
G0 U0 ^8 D2 E2 x# t0 j6 x7 r, xCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures* {5 Z8 }9 J9 [
* r7 N7 T u# N# G" k% F9 B 118. Hartal; j& q1 Y7 |" H% p
2 E5 t1 B3 |4 L+ A 119. Economic shutdown7 e6 N5 Q+ S+ l4 k! f
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority3 s1 K- p. Z: u1 c
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 J- A) P" @5 h% e
121. Refusal of public support# |! v% P" {% I1 e
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ M- ^) X) R k& O. Z5 |! L4 c0 f; G: W! D4 j y x+ R
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- w1 g% T: M. g3 W D 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ b7 H5 Q' `0 Z# j2 k 124. Boycott of elections' V* [/ x7 q2 ], G0 v. n0 ^
125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 Z: l0 U2 a6 V) o; L' n3 ?
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& z: ~3 {$ ^0 Z% l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( N! R g/ d$ S( G) J2 e 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 x4 c& H( m4 i3 L2 z; U/ K
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 ?) o; \* ?% u3 s* C/ L 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 ?: ?$ Q+ D) o: C+ L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ J3 s! |% K5 y$ g, q' _2 ] g- w4 d 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, n3 I, a1 L1 {) r
' f$ H- M5 o7 A$ { t6 d! NCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 x' }$ M; M( g$ S+ E& i: k
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 Z* Q3 w% F) g# G% l 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 k- L- C, T. u 135. Popular nonobedience
- X7 T2 y9 z4 i+ E4 ]& k# ^5 ~ 136. Disguised disobedience
3 b5 L' p- K. Q( r0 z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: Z% ^: c; R; t+ N 138. Sitdown
5 W9 w; H0 ?" p6 J2 S' F( k/ I v. I 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 P: B) p6 {* X5 E5 X8 Y' H: X
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 |! t# L7 b9 N9 w; x+ m- Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& V/ m3 `9 m! E" f& d+ Q* }3 y* g$ S* J2 E, ?: O. `
Action by Government Personnel. O) a c4 T) Q9 z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 Q5 t% U. x0 ~6 O1 U. V; h" h
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( A" l% h1 F* ` 144. Stalling and obstruction9 M9 Q& w) L$ u; G( U- O1 E
145. General administrative noncooperation1 X8 u g* N: {( q5 P
S% C9 w4 W9 |) w% V9 P: B1 l 146. Judicial noncooperation
& @- Z- c8 E. N( p" d, Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 a2 K# S. H8 n5 q4 q, X 148. Mutiny
. i& c: }0 w: {7 u# a5 @Domestic Governmental Action& N' a8 ^! r0 Q ~$ s( i
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 V ?7 B0 U" W( W 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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$ C! p9 V9 i! _% W( T9 D1 MInternational Governmental Action
2 m* @8 N8 R/ d0 c 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* M3 Q9 F V' U; f
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 Q$ b4 ^- x8 S a 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition C0 o+ q" ]" t
154. Severance of diplomatic relations) j% e: _, y& [+ k+ d" B c) ~! m+ w4 v
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 q3 N, P$ Z; l5 y! s, b/ f 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' d& ]7 m- ?3 B0 H/ Z _* l3 S 157. Expulsion from international organizations/ V8 t$ n# O, }- ]. Z% {5 R" ?
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention: [! X4 d% |7 z/ V8 [5 A
158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ J7 Z, p- I. p 159. The fast
0 e2 Q6 W+ D6 {6 O a) Fast of moral pressure% [9 s. o( X" W$ R' g! G3 J
b) Hunger strike
. g+ f9 V4 q- ~; r$ x3 p c) Satyagrahic fast
+ R9 F4 h( m2 D/ V: @: m 160. Reverse trial ~2 T( \: D" p4 p/ P+ W! i
161. Nonviolent harassment
j5 {; _5 C! [. |
8 I0 X6 j' Q, ^* }3 NPhysical Intervention* z2 `/ V* w9 |3 c3 Y; \: Z# G6 z
162. Sit-in( M% X7 _1 `9 x" `0 p: f2 E+ l
163. Stand-in
* B$ Q' u2 I& q! l8 ] 164. Ride-in
b0 m, l" j; W/ R) p. G- @3 l 165. Wade-in
. X$ Z" z: U8 S8 y' c; h: V% z 166. Mill-in1 E$ u/ v( [5 `7 m4 R
167. Pray-in
2 o* o9 S; @! ]: a7 {' u 168. Nonviolent raids$ f! e7 @; X% y% l6 r
169. Nonviolent air raids
- A5 D$ k9 R/ b 170. Nonviolent invasion4 J+ I' H# V+ u- u8 O
171. Nonviolent interjection
9 K! ^3 ^, C9 z1 d% B 172. Nonviolent obstruction
: d9 r% [" J- y% \8 T 173. Nonviolent occupation% D! z( ]9 o8 A; K8 e: b# Y
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Social Intervention
3 `& g6 @, }4 B+ Q& g# I0 x 174. Establishing new social patterns+ r. o+ |0 U( @4 F! Z% f
175. Overloading of facilities
1 \) B8 `( d" h) k, F) z 176. Stall-in, x! u' F1 y! W, R( E
177. Speak-in9 r4 }4 _8 n! O# [4 ~ I/ T
178. Guerrilla theater- Z. U% b Q# ~1 @- Y, u
179. Alternative social institutions
) }, D" Q V+ e 180. Alternative communication system
& `6 H% n: y% E( K7 q* r k' q8 c2 p$ M0 ~
Economic Intervention1 \- K) ]+ p% Y0 A H4 c
181. Reverse strike [9 G: I* o+ ?/ d
182. Stay-in strike% W4 J7 G# w4 B) |; k$ ?( R1 G
183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 i5 {) t9 _+ Z 184. Defiance of blockades
5 X8 {" d G. c7 R' [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 A* r7 C7 _; w 186. Preclusive purchasing1 V0 K* I& _9 D7 j$ Y
187. Seizure of assets
: M) R6 q# ?+ T5 y' A/ p1 w/ `. | 188. Dumping( `4 U2 e, v; b+ P3 C' `
189. Selective patronage
1 c$ x' k8 D4 q% ] 190. Alternative markets
/ |- V- i7 h1 F1 Q 191. Alternative transportation systems2 _; ]; Z U* S) v: a
192. Alternative economic institutions5 H% ]2 F9 F$ V$ `
" T; y: b4 ]9 y' ]5 I9 D. VPolitical Intervention
: }8 N, r" o2 Y$ `% ?2 L+ U 193. Overloading of administrative systems4 V5 G3 i q5 p' O( U9 X
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 Z8 x) a0 ^1 n# [4 r5 k9 b2 _) S
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 V0 S1 m. ?; o% ~ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: ]! H& x4 R5 w& X7 w& ^! {
197. Work-on without collaboration
4 P" T" }7 h6 {+ J0 ]+ H 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
