 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ M) z! W5 Y8 b3 H- vFormal Statements6 O \$ e0 _4 N D
1. Public Speeches' n7 ~& f1 R8 K) s. W2 \2 f+ A
2. Letters of opposition or support
" |! W; b! m! P) G 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ v; l: A# \- |! D0 X" \* b
4. Signed public statements5 H" B0 v" Z9 V) q& y8 N+ r
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ F7 Y6 W, o+ b2 t7 H 6. Group or mass petitions& `( D6 `. w8 S6 s
; D$ \" X" z$ e. ]9 z) [Communications with a Wider Audience
$ k/ z7 e2 Q, C* {( ?- Z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 l2 _) D1 n' y/ X9 \( V' e
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications3 F3 a& D1 @" l1 s$ ?* e
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 I1 O" h- _# n+ n. k) ]/ t; g# z( j 10. Newspapers and journals
% d9 o! |7 P; Z9 S0 n( N, N' [ 11. Records, radio, and television, k8 L/ ?- ?$ n5 A: i W7 L
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 |) s. I; c* }. }( O: s
9 @+ {" }, O7 q( v, [
Group Representations
$ x [" o) H4 E d9 x) `# V8 Z) l 13. Deputations$ t) [2 h( I& C% E/ ?
14. Mock awards U8 Z6 Z; u5 b& E, Q4 A+ n
15. Group lobbying
# h3 _' Q* L0 U0 D3 L 16. Picketing
$ p3 S3 m5 c$ X; n! B3 x% b 17. Mock elections
4 l" m/ y2 n! f1 T1 A! n+ h6 t+ d* @% ~5 C
Symbolic Public Acts7 `( ? ~9 e( c- h5 N' i+ V
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 j; d# B T3 N9 k) D d0 T( Y 19. Wearing of symbols5 r) X4 d& a% P5 W% f
20. Prayer and worship) C. |) i4 c" e0 O2 a9 g
21. Delivering symbolic objects
& X; u2 h( |& j 22. Protest disrobings
7 E) G' K6 _1 D7 U" s9 M" I 23. Destruction of own property8 W/ T$ q5 A" j; p4 I# J. V* P
24. Symbolic lights0 ?! M0 {: j" ~* x6 i! f
25. Displays of portraits+ E; I( S7 ?' A
26. Paint as protest
" m$ J1 V' E6 M! E7 a. K8 K6 A 27. New signs and names
/ b# V. q* c1 P% e! Y s 28. Symbolic sounds9 e5 z% }. m5 g& X1 L4 M) N1 Q
29. Symbolic reclamations
) c5 e4 X( g! u+ V$ o* e; z( ? 30. Rude gestures7 B2 Q" Y7 m$ z2 V& |
4 X; @0 l9 x* V6 X- Q& b7 _8 kPressures on Individuals( Q2 ~4 J3 o8 [) o5 V% k4 J+ A6 G! Q
31. “Haunting” officials
7 f/ g1 I1 }! D 32. Taunting officials8 ^( q# C3 F' K. x
33. Fraternization# U4 I5 i: D4 E
34. Vigils5 t8 M# R* O5 j& a6 M! n) B) C2 j
4 t7 c" ?! ~+ E7 e- h hDrama and Music
$ v+ {/ F2 ?' V3 O& w; L$ A1 ]1 ~ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- v: a9 _% E% J' A( o 36. Performances of plays and music
u( L5 S4 S, R( \. W 37. Singing5 s9 {; K6 v' l: u. J* n8 v
6 j$ y! F5 a' A3 l4 sProcessions
1 w" T7 ?6 w" k+ R- @ 38. Marches
. Z4 F9 X2 z6 H! k- h ] 39. Parades, a/ x- c- w0 c( ^8 f" t( f
40. Religious processions6 U4 [9 I' |# R+ `9 p5 Y8 A
41. Pilgrimages5 m/ t: Q; J- U0 ?9 {0 v1 a
42. Motorcades
7 X" {' d6 y1 e( b7 f8 A, v5 h1 r; d! d$ D" Q3 x3 u
Honoring the Dead
8 P2 t! i) t" o2 b6 V, z0 N3 N 43. Political mourning0 F4 J/ A- N' {* }& Z
44. Mock funerals6 s G, U4 i @. L3 S5 U9 R
45. Demonstrative funerals
' w8 v$ W; p% ^; U2 x 46. Homage at burial places
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' F2 h. t+ A, y! {1 `' TPublic Assemblies9 F3 t; V5 d# ~) j* F
47. Assemblies of protest or support# `6 _! [: d$ |9 q2 o
48. Protest meetings
* F. f0 l$ N" q6 X# u 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 z( [: M' L' L8 _8 f; n
50. Teach-ins1 b$ j. E5 b. j0 u) v+ [ x
0 i8 Y$ e2 G! J$ a( Z3 l1 VWithdrawal and Renunciation* c, n3 Y9 g6 _& [3 X! v
51. Walk-outs
+ o) t5 [! y% R- T3 J6 I 52. Silence6 w. v2 L8 F* y# @( Z# o
53. Renouncing honors
' k9 x# ]5 E: b2 Z$ ]4 t+ Y( X2 \: O7 o 54. Turning one’s back3 W& w- }# V( _ b# E
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 V' @2 l1 n! N; Y1 ]$ P$ s6 n" u( ^$ X. L9 o& W1 z
Ostracism of Persons
* N5 J$ {, d4 H% _4 [- p: A) T3 H' b 55. Social boycott
/ F# }) \. j q' O/ D/ @ 56. Selective social boycott8 E& F8 i0 m* o2 l/ x# z, d$ p- z
57. Lysistratic nonaction
( } L0 S5 ]. E1 X4 J( _% z 58. Excommunication3 U" g0 n4 P+ ~3 k3 Q4 K
59. Interdict
1 ~! Z" y6 Y2 D) E6 l9 e% S( l
0 v+ X4 f3 ^: E2 U# M+ B% J* @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; \ | q( \; p) E6 ?
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 r1 }# O- N9 }! J q7 C% } 61. Boycott of social affairs
( X7 p8 Y4 V* s3 a$ ]. U6 G 62. Student strike& H' ^4 W# G% L" ]9 k' J4 p& d' s
63. Social disobedience
/ Y: S& U; k$ ~) r5 J4 v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System
: P, \" G$ V/ s$ f4 G 65. Stay-at-home/ g! l8 s. b& e1 R
66. Total personal noncooperation' ]6 e6 q- k8 O! M& q4 A% O
67. “Flight” of workers3 T2 M' k9 b7 g" E/ t- c; `* h% ?
68. Sanctuary: y# N9 O' _( W: p5 [2 G. Q
69. Collective disappearance. F7 [9 O, e# H8 b
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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+ I/ _! D6 ?+ \1 F6 ] 8 T& `3 e2 h e9 K3 c
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 h2 I5 a4 C; z( \* }" H
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- Y1 Y% w. _( a4 ?: QActions by Consumers
" D9 \+ W3 ?* x% e3 u$ X" |: D 71. Consumers’ boycott
+ p* M: o6 o5 ]/ ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 |0 U$ T! M6 j 73. Policy of austerity5 ?! @( ~2 B& {) D5 n
74. Rent withholding7 {1 q( i$ a- H' s& `8 B1 {6 a9 [
75. Refusal to rent
2 j& c/ }0 r, `/ A 76. National consumers’ boycott
& F q: H C/ {7 x) d, D7 w' f& g 77. International consumers’ boycott: [8 _" A, e s* f) w8 |0 ]
6 e' S/ t# S I/ K1 X7 \6 nAction by Workers and Producers
9 R& H! s' Q6 Q; }7 S. X* H 78. Workmen’s boycott1 ?- k# L+ z1 [& v' M- Q, y" a
79. Producers’ boycott3 v1 f! l0 g' `0 z2 z% \" {
R& Z* J W- u. ^' i1 p) Q4 R9 Y
Action by Middlemen% g1 F) n2 y5 d ^; P) x1 X
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management. M. t, I( [! c5 q* H" Y
81. Traders’ boycott0 C( @' ]1 j& a8 ?" d! U
82. Refusal to let or sell property: s& o4 |+ k" B- g
83. Lockout
+ M6 j8 t" e' `- o; J" h 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ o- h3 _% p1 K. u7 n7 u+ h
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 x5 Q+ X9 U }$ E8 u& J, ?. m
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, g, t3 X# J7 ]7 ~$ X8 u/ H 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 T1 p; F, T: I1 e4 X6 f
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: T. q" M* m. \0 o9 j* ~8 W
89. Severance of funds and credit
: o: M3 T3 j% ]: G 90. Revenue refusal+ O3 W% f! _ F: ]
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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! P0 ^- R6 S) ~7 uAction by Governments
9 ]. u0 Y3 A8 d 92. Domestic embargo, W3 t& i$ U e. Q( N4 d& v$ T
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 B. M: S J5 [ M2 T; w5 W- H& V( _0 J) n 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ y- N4 G5 ^) v/ h- U2 H3 z/ ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo
8 V6 a: e6 K3 q' P* z. i( T% n 96. International trade embargo: [+ R: d+ v- L/ d
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE/ n4 ^6 S8 S( `" r2 E e9 g
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; Q" z, p' i! x+ PSymbolic Strikes
* X# B+ l9 a0 J3 |* z9 F 97. Protest strike+ I' Y7 d9 P8 {( o r7 ~9 C
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 u0 G r3 y! D$ f4 @
+ j3 S# J: t0 O) r- @ F5 u( rAgricultural Strikes- n Z9 e- e2 ]5 y( H% [
99. Peasant strike
( m3 K; r* L8 ~& H! [ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
- ^% Z) r: d4 H/ J) ]4 w6 x: C5 A6 r2 D% L# g. z( O
Strikes by Special Groups' n9 B W' I* i; O% o! B
101. Refusal of impressed labor2 ?8 W9 Y/ R7 W5 q; {! L9 `
102. Prisoners’ strike
4 }: U, {8 T' j9 ?9 \! n 103. Craft strike; r4 M: o9 @% {9 @& k( s" n% y
104. Professional strike
4 u7 E: [" U* t+ v( E: l. _1 p$ h$ y. f9 a) w
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
2 L n: y, a. q5 R- y 105. Establishment strike: j& @! C: {5 h4 L/ n r+ ~. w1 E
106. Industry strike
# P7 K+ O7 M6 n f7 t9 q( [0 K& p- O 107. Sympathetic strike
# N- x; [, F3 {7 d* W% y% n/ d( I& F7 N$ O
$ ?2 o# d7 }0 t! @! v9 qRestricted Strikes
% C ]( g& H3 H1 \; n 108. Detailed strike
7 [5 x8 g# {9 C- J 109. Bumper strike
6 w# ]3 c I- L7 T. x, o 110. Slowdown strike
, f E; T' u: Y" z8 f! v 111. Working-to-rule strike7 A2 X& ~+ e: ?" @! A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% I- X5 P. [) d( }2 z# N4 Y, m( m, Y 113. Strike by resignation
+ r3 F4 v, D8 N( S A, d7 N- O 114. Limited strike" N$ U3 a5 m0 @3 y" u
115. Selective strike' d9 @9 _' p5 ~" x
7 v' l% G; Q: F
Multi-Industry Strikes' \' R8 ]8 n% N0 ~- g
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116. Generalized strike- E0 j* w! e2 X; G/ }3 k
7 N! e. Q! F& ^% K8 F0 _# q; z. }& S 117. General strike6 T0 t) A9 L" \+ j3 i! z
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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' ]' A0 K" b( d, r; Z$ N0 @ 118. Hartal, x' x5 p/ `3 d* R3 H+ B% J
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119. Economic shutdown8 [! }" S' v" M: V5 O- r
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: ?$ G6 @2 j |' D0 z4 W9 ]2 c3 S& v# @THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority7 C1 q; K% M$ B! S' n( y. l/ l- N, D
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 `2 o3 u9 Q/ i6 d4 k/ M
121. Refusal of public support$ m; D& X: Z1 r& m" T, E
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! `3 L4 Z+ k; X( Z6 g1 M$ [6 |: d2 g& d# |7 f' @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government" T6 T, V- s% b6 f# e
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* b; N* `$ x) |8 x+ b7 Z
124. Boycott of elections
2 |& `1 `7 t' Y, R6 w. i& F 125. Boycott of government employment and positions# W" u% A. i; S8 d1 r/ l4 S9 v; n
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* j9 k* l" U }
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 M9 B0 a' k/ Z. p$ D, n 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! L0 j- v/ A" k% r 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ Z0 e1 g G& P 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' _- a3 I8 ]/ P0 m* J( j0 G 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 J9 I+ r5 V; G4 }' G- A
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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) [7 `- @- U% s, F' r9 DCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: d* c! h: t' B, K0 i: b7 k7 V1 R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance. i; s& v7 ]5 B$ R/ @8 t" \$ x) U1 x* I
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 T0 u R( t( n, | 135. Popular nonobedience
& r) }3 d+ x: ?( ]$ u" E 136. Disguised disobedience7 [$ G1 X5 b7 a+ M# e2 ?3 V
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 Z$ V4 P4 E) _ O7 {. A 138. Sitdown! J. A. l$ p1 v* W, G9 P
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 n9 j4 \ l4 [2 H, E4 T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 E% q) E4 I6 s" A0 @# x% B
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 P* p- q: `! R. @2 |. [
/ b: _' `: _6 F! V9 r% VAction by Government Personnel
6 w5 k- L% d/ t% G5 } 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. X$ g0 U3 v* z3 e- X' P 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ n* j, y; g. T0 v y4 E0 F 144. Stalling and obstruction$ q) D; F5 c' ]: X; V% ~
145. General administrative noncooperation
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0 A6 H, O1 }( g+ _: d 146. Judicial noncooperation
; Y$ t' Q, v7 J; }. u. y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 z* Y+ E0 Q7 Z, [! M- ~/ l6 O 148. Mutiny
7 r( `. u- ?3 P9 c2 E _; Y! XDomestic Governmental Action
, _0 h* b5 y) T; t' u9 y0 `+ [1 @ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ m- P: i$ I \7 k' k 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( @( {' }! I% Y7 H* v: l2 {( M2 L+ k5 u; y! D
International Governmental Action5 M8 s* T2 y* r/ a3 H
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! R6 ~/ {1 z, ]. h3 c
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 ~) W2 e7 U" N( G* d9 P$ r 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( R3 m: v2 S) L% Y$ b0 | 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
+ l2 [6 k6 ]# Y3 ]( B2 u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ a. q) {, N5 l# a! Y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 B: S! B) n: P$ A: s# r
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. _+ ?8 Y' |7 m
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: k: m' |$ {1 ]& gPsychological Intervention
8 P: M8 e; L s7 Y# ? 158. Self-exposure to the elements
; m0 }% \* o/ a5 E. f- @' y 159. The fast H8 }- V) [# T, u
a) Fast of moral pressure
; e) \8 |. f1 u3 B7 B9 s5 L b) Hunger strike
7 o. ~: g; {% z! C6 N5 a! O8 U c) Satyagrahic fast
" @4 A: y0 o! [6 d 160. Reverse trial
1 Q R1 q6 x8 z0 I* E( [4 N- z& z 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention& w. \0 f2 {& v) j
162. Sit-in
+ b( k' E& i l; k! X2 [: m; o 163. Stand-in: {: J2 ^, c: e4 N0 U; `3 q
164. Ride-in
2 E0 e2 ~, \0 d 165. Wade-in
+ x E" H9 G8 s 166. Mill-in3 D Q3 f8 c3 b& E. {! ?) h& E
167. Pray-in6 w/ N* f9 X% Q( {; \2 C
168. Nonviolent raids8 T/ L: N( J. u
169. Nonviolent air raids
2 ~+ R* J: T" z7 D9 D 170. Nonviolent invasion
( j# e& x5 C' d: d 171. Nonviolent interjection
6 u7 X3 Q) k5 l! R! E- s2 G 172. Nonviolent obstruction$ M7 R8 h% Q3 U8 G9 O
173. Nonviolent occupation
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' ~2 K# U) w! o: r6 mSocial Intervention j; H5 Q- I& D3 m4 }4 k
174. Establishing new social patterns" M4 @! R' a9 r
175. Overloading of facilities
9 Y$ K1 ?4 r* \& N8 I; M, D, k 176. Stall-in$ v- t0 G5 A# G6 i
177. Speak-in4 t/ M9 r* H2 g2 K( S
178. Guerrilla theater
, C, v( ` G. o2 Z! g 179. Alternative social institutions
" }8 R0 ^. k& a6 C: x( ^/ l. [ s 180. Alternative communication system2 @) c/ p! v4 F
/ I. o6 [1 v0 r; j' gEconomic Intervention* S& |) _, `- l+ k; W5 q( j2 ?
181. Reverse strike
& c1 L0 D4 C3 \! i) r7 r 182. Stay-in strike
$ V% j9 }: J8 F* o3 f; B: f 183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 a3 [: b: u; E4 ^( ?* O 184. Defiance of blockades: { s2 |# ], @4 ~8 ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 V0 t4 U( _4 X; N$ y$ [ 186. Preclusive purchasing! j0 S1 { ~/ T; c) {& n$ x' V$ Q
187. Seizure of assets
0 N1 L% e7 M8 {% V0 E 188. Dumping% J7 K/ T( d* F6 ]
189. Selective patronage
$ c0 E8 G2 I1 d5 D. F; u0 t 190. Alternative markets
h/ m& ~& n4 \, R( W 191. Alternative transportation systems' f* x# L$ H8 {, F2 m9 f
192. Alternative economic institutions/ f/ _8 T6 u- ?7 ?! }: v( d9 D" l
$ H7 i3 q: U0 l9 Y( x0 WPolitical Intervention
$ K9 b. i( I* H) K/ G ? 193. Overloading of administrative systems4 Z# _! X) s2 L% l+ ` l
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
z1 Q+ @5 w5 a. A# N2 U$ ?& b% }/ j 195. Seeking imprisonment) D; z, q: g6 m) t% L: T G
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! r L* H, ~" d7 q& D
197. Work-on without collaboration
7 b2 T3 m& g- s 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 s9 a5 r9 \ b2 W" K! b3 {
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
