 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 g; U) c+ @% y- B- Q. D! m; U
Formal Statements2 s9 ` b; {/ |# i
1. Public Speeches
) T/ C) ]9 V# R C1 o 2. Letters of opposition or support
9 j+ u! G. q- A) t 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ e9 d; X* c! ~4 w 4. Signed public statements
, `" k( Z! V* p( R: m8 a+ v 5. Declarations of indictment and intention& U9 K& W( i1 b" D. j
6. Group or mass petitions+ g9 t& S8 z2 S4 K( ^2 S
4 P2 B' n( E/ U# [; JCommunications with a Wider Audience S& [- x" R+ m# j. z y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ l( [, n, V6 v 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 A* g. J/ \/ h3 _5 \: j% O 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 S* P" `$ `; K6 `) Z
10. Newspapers and journals7 q" u, |% n: |' y( E
11. Records, radio, and television
% R2 |, y" Y3 F: j+ |; ]/ t 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 l; D" ?# M7 }9 `; b% W
8 E: V6 k/ l, g+ o7 v$ Y( xGroup Representations
. @% l$ `" Q$ J" N S% H4 i v) ? 13. Deputations
! H) [- t M3 S; C1 c 14. Mock awards
& F, V$ ~2 V+ H6 ~; ~9 Z" Q 15. Group lobbying
; ]" Y. S6 k1 Q+ r, m( F$ a- { 16. Picketing
' K. h9 L; i1 L7 X `+ }6 a3 i 17. Mock elections
/ p: j$ A3 |/ ^0 f2 J+ P4 G
1 [% [# A+ c* Y8 e9 [. x/ kSymbolic Public Acts
$ {) E% S- \, M 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
~# [4 U2 C5 `0 W E 19. Wearing of symbols
( c2 R1 e) e/ i& l1 \- {7 _- x0 H 20. Prayer and worship* X0 a9 ]* |& i0 r6 I! o5 g' J3 i. z4 R4 G
21. Delivering symbolic objects
) x6 U, q; |( G 22. Protest disrobings
# |9 I& V% d2 a% _5 T 23. Destruction of own property$ @* t& L( z# Y. c
24. Symbolic lights* `0 u8 S8 a) ]( X1 O/ ]& H$ @; c
25. Displays of portraits
" _' L1 f: ~0 h: c" o% [" T 26. Paint as protest
3 H0 ^5 g' R- U8 V0 u/ H& ~+ @ 27. New signs and names9 c1 w) s( s3 x7 y. b
28. Symbolic sounds
5 O" I4 e; |& W$ @ 29. Symbolic reclamations
" C3 b- w4 U7 |# T* a 30. Rude gestures
/ Q0 m: l& z* f! C3 Q' ]/ L% }- A9 Y" f$ S+ b, v
Pressures on Individuals5 ~ n+ Y( \7 V+ e
31. “Haunting” officials
% `( _& V& W% I3 a7 @. n 32. Taunting officials
- H4 y* [! ~, q* ~3 |# H' V 33. Fraternization; d9 `, j+ @! O5 C }
34. Vigils
7 S5 h; j. X( N6 q$ C+ E9 h, g0 C3 s9 W0 S1 G
Drama and Music5 s+ F- y2 f* e( a7 V
35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 s; I4 |+ c; E& w* `8 p 36. Performances of plays and music
' B% v0 B% v. {. ], c' o, ? 37. Singing e+ v! R) y0 B& E8 m8 Q6 }" x
: F( _) T$ B' cProcessions% m# L% ~3 w- \5 K9 E
38. Marches
/ D7 i2 a' P4 d4 D' z- s 39. Parades
* v2 G( \$ l; l9 q9 b0 |2 s7 } 40. Religious processions, ?5 f+ K9 T; A0 u; ?: m. m
41. Pilgrimages
. x1 J7 P6 Q* K5 O) p 42. Motorcades* f: h; \. a$ O# W6 g0 h, I7 C4 A
/ ~* ~' i: k9 e" uHonoring the Dead0 M" J9 {: H3 T
43. Political mourning
* C$ [( R: q+ T( z x 44. Mock funerals
; U, }9 S; ?8 H8 o- a1 |8 x 45. Demonstrative funerals0 {: {" z# W0 \& X3 q& v3 K
46. Homage at burial places
. K9 Q, F4 S& S7 F7 P7 ^, j7 e3 P8 H+ A% i
Public Assemblies7 V9 u3 R! i) ~, j. r" H4 J% O2 \
47. Assemblies of protest or support
' I: o! X3 P# v0 d 48. Protest meetings G2 A/ Q& V! t! }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( k& S% L0 W6 c0 T 50. Teach-ins
. z, }& @/ f9 r( } h- X* m( `9 |, m2 [1 F5 d+ H& W
Withdrawal and Renunciation
( n5 s( O4 \- Z0 e 51. Walk-outs
) J0 y( k" ~: s+ j4 Y 52. Silence) p0 v/ }3 P6 Y' {$ c
53. Renouncing honors
" ]3 U4 G3 V; R# P( b 54. Turning one’s back
$ F2 e! Z. R1 d' L
+ k3 f- G1 q3 |: F
7 {6 i: S. h0 w* r6 I' {" `& X: ~5 e, C
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
" Y7 n$ r, k+ t( W
9 U$ Z/ {8 g D5 k. s
4 @: Q3 Z @5 u+ ]% Z: H1 e* w$ c6 f1 m2 ?2 V) L2 g k f
Ostracism of Persons, e6 b. O O# S. [1 G$ W
55. Social boycott
' _) e) ^4 n+ w 56. Selective social boycott$ y) e& {* w5 ]3 s0 e1 F- L. u2 p
57. Lysistratic nonaction$ ?4 r1 h+ h) T2 G
58. Excommunication L3 N( ~! c) C$ f' n
59. Interdict- o# P0 H1 I# O+ @2 W7 [# f
- R6 W) G: G2 _3 x& D
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- r9 ~5 d l8 |: e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ t7 v2 G* u0 r$ Z! z* O 61. Boycott of social affairs# K4 `. v5 R+ G
62. Student strike' v' c4 V3 `6 f/ ~: s
63. Social disobedience
( T3 ?9 t$ K, ]6 o* C1 B' l) C6 {& c 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 [; {. A, ?0 L+ y' R
) j2 |* m8 j1 f; n3 @! v8 EWithdrawal from the Social System
- N n8 a, a: b4 C4 _9 I( Y 65. Stay-at-home' w+ G5 V6 z# k. F1 o
66. Total personal noncooperation8 x5 F R' ]1 V3 X( y
67. “Flight” of workers
( [) N( j% [" t' ], M% t. N 68. Sanctuary* l$ X0 `% l' ^
69. Collective disappearance
9 p" M/ G$ } T% I6 z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* V/ Q! K/ n% }* k7 k) ?
& x- g. K. z8 B1 D" n& d
) V6 J# Y5 g1 S3 N) {# a9 j* M
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ B4 r1 N% t# n. M" X
2 t2 ]" S; p4 T' Q" m* k4 A! G ) b$ R2 y7 x: I. Y( a
Actions by Consumers
! h9 z: ~ h) S; Q 71. Consumers’ boycott& L9 `1 Y" l* y) E; T
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' H; {2 m0 J+ e# l2 H3 |4 k' N2 E
73. Policy of austerity( V* J U; L6 R8 ?7 }8 ^2 k n- N
74. Rent withholding+ T; c2 m6 ?( I) m( [; b3 u J, l
75. Refusal to rent
+ ?9 D, Y! ^/ |6 x$ t! Y 76. National consumers’ boycott: B; q: d- s% ~
77. International consumers’ boycott
/ X" U& a( o! T: [0 K7 w" M3 t" T8 H/ f3 S& P; U1 R1 n
Action by Workers and Producers+ N4 h; t+ i6 C. K o& K
78. Workmen’s boycott
: N+ I( x; E6 u9 C9 c 79. Producers’ boycott
, ^7 N6 t1 o, S" Y/ m: {4 J5 \6 ^! N
Action by Middlemen& c! ?' j1 q) K# E9 h f
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 a# V( u$ j8 x. k/ I6 |
! s* I; G* h- |0 i2 C
Action by Owners and Management
, w) }' Z. ` S+ `$ P* Q 81. Traders’ boycott ^; l( R" W& u/ l7 |% y
82. Refusal to let or sell property/ g6 N2 ]; |, r9 k1 M
83. Lockout& }$ Z. }& ]& l5 m8 O
84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 I; d0 }" c7 f' x; i( I0 o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 `. ?3 {# q; g: J3 I! V, J* N* b. S$ D' ~ F+ G4 Q7 d' p
Action by Holders of Financial Resources* ^# Z6 L8 M# ]
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
2 L! J- h/ b! L( d 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 k' v: P* F5 V4 q 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! [6 F T. }( W2 R, z7 F
89. Severance of funds and credit% r% o& d$ j# e: N7 I' k: V }
90. Revenue refusal
. W8 ^7 n" ~/ C e" p- R: c7 a 91. Refusal of a government’s money! Q* Q. X* l4 Y7 F1 e+ B$ Z4 ?8 w
/ l! r8 c+ {7 E l/ A6 i5 G5 B
Action by Governments
- S6 W' X; H9 S! ? E Q( {* f 92. Domestic embargo6 I2 G+ P: M- i+ c6 J) v5 t
93. Blacklisting of traders
; U: j) A8 W; m" w' s/ R& X. S 94. International sellers’ embargo# B% F/ h5 W( j8 I- h, b
95. International buyers’ embargo ? A8 r" c; u
96. International trade embargo
+ q7 Y ]" d3 U/ ]
, N1 P/ H5 ^. W7 l1 [
$ f7 u, g. h6 e- h9 _5 A" p( v) K5 w0 O; r. N4 J
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 Q5 m( l( n9 F Y, N% Y8 `. U- m! C" m
. Y6 ~3 _! i: t; S$ ^) L
Symbolic Strikes
4 ~& ^" U9 e: y) ?2 g 97. Protest strike) V' ?0 R6 g c' i1 z0 A# A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 ?1 | u4 ~0 x* J
1 s+ _1 [1 {% ^8 s8 f4 X# D/ H% mAgricultural Strikes
. k* ~( h/ U. w2 |% m: |2 V" x 99. Peasant strike
$ {, ?5 k4 T( Z+ l 100. Farm Workers’ strike8 C+ W$ b8 o7 G j4 \1 Z
! v+ p W! t* s6 I7 f9 wStrikes by Special Groups5 V3 A! n- Q' A" W$ u
101. Refusal of impressed labor2 x2 \6 Z# N7 K, x5 U/ p
102. Prisoners’ strike
# u% X2 U" z" B 103. Craft strike
2 X& A- q3 H- E7 h/ q7 T7 K 104. Professional strike
- ?# n' A2 g- L5 p6 h6 ]% z# } A# R# a3 b y$ |* T+ N
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ T: M9 l" T! v7 @) j% }4 _ 105. Establishment strike" ^+ ]/ Z, ^9 m( f6 K/ f) z
106. Industry strike3 G! S* l$ S! [3 _) H2 v3 C
107. Sympathetic strike; v$ T- a& |4 R
; K1 i" G& A( v( z6 Y! H
Restricted Strikes9 `. o) L1 M" z3 l
108. Detailed strike
. u0 [/ c0 a. U; F 109. Bumper strike
# Q, j" P, _& v( _" y 110. Slowdown strike
9 x( O1 y$ R' ?; N! E/ A: P 111. Working-to-rule strike
2 A5 O6 H! V' a& M' _5 l 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; W: V, j8 b/ j F( H, `5 q 113. Strike by resignation& h! O6 W% h& z
114. Limited strike
: _' T% n- Y6 @/ p# ? 115. Selective strike7 w; A5 E2 A( E* G ]' _
$ j% x; `" U# [7 m6 Q# m1 @7 QMulti-Industry Strikes+ Z& u V [2 J# f3 L3 x
- @7 f8 w* m' g2 X: G
116. Generalized strike
. d) F) z% t$ w2 B- `9 W7 u4 Q3 m) x( o
117. General strike
8 }) j# h! N3 V5 ~5 S/ A" X' M/ w: I' t% L; n' H$ i* V$ u7 _+ D1 o
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures G' z% t- A+ ^) o1 O* C
7 K- x" o2 v! s( Y. N
118. Hartal
% U# m4 O, A% t, G$ V
% S; Q- {" ~7 c+ O$ d1 l 119. Economic shutdown2 n v- l) P) q t- p0 z0 I3 w! _. C
& ~. X0 H# O: u E" z
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 y- K: M- A3 j& T$ R/ r
1 ]" C) g6 G( a6 J & u0 D! t' Q) f5 E3 t8 @. r2 _
Rejection of Authority
) ]( a; @3 t' P8 e, h3 R 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 d" Y- B+ D6 j 121. Refusal of public support- n9 g1 F, D9 V* u0 ?& @) n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 c) P" q, K% q; c" l
) q' ^6 }- l. H2 b" d
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 }0 Q# i6 A0 o0 J' E2 R5 x, N$ | 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. l9 @8 c" J$ @4 M9 }
124. Boycott of elections5 B: W$ o& L# K5 ?' Z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions: a" N, t) R7 G% H4 v4 [8 b1 A$ O
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) c3 ?3 x4 v: z% s& c# Q7 g6 J 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 o5 D. s/ V6 {- d2 J
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 e- t8 ` u2 i, Z* | 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 G. H( b' s9 ?( z; f' M: V
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* C- O+ i0 k, Q% a W! D9 F, b3 @ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' }7 F- O- b" q9 }9 G- { 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' G: M! _4 Y: g1 }# j" o' }: E: J+ [, l3 v9 Z& B0 ]
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% o' O x; S2 O) p7 Q8 }. q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ R( |. i) t6 v% h* K4 M/ U0 ~ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 V3 F# X* X3 D6 a
135. Popular nonobedience5 H9 M& F& O# K* A9 \& {, r
136. Disguised disobedience( }3 ~' R" `2 W+ S
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 I9 P ?* D1 A8 s" L7 ~ w 138. Sitdown+ E7 |6 \; b1 T; g
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! b% I& Q8 l z! b" ` j
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 @7 R2 M( D" K! R# c$ O
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 b& k6 N& P" I# D" Z t, f$ y' l
2 @) ~3 i7 L1 D1 Q$ D. fAction by Government Personnel& R, Z8 j5 ~; I
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; Z0 o2 D( E0 V2 j. l. Z3 f 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 P9 a) ^7 G, w |- \& @ 144. Stalling and obstruction
' y- y$ s( m! Y: q: N0 x+ B+ o0 I 145. General administrative noncooperation
% x6 ~+ @7 e; v& A6 T! n
, O) F( T6 D9 {, T4 N, |7 w W. \ 146. Judicial noncooperation. B) B( m% X1 {7 `9 \9 o! T
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( _+ q0 X; Y; b4 X' @: x& S 148. Mutiny4 P# G6 I' B! O7 u9 N5 V- l
Domestic Governmental Action" |% @+ y' S- ?$ D
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 C& ~ Z5 H6 \% ^+ Z2 X& `2 s 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 i& @; d- D% c& l
- g" D9 I3 \1 h- K: N2 w1 Y- m+ e- D' y
International Governmental Action
9 }3 T8 s" _" V6 A" I b 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations0 M& L B! U n+ N+ z1 T+ i; l# k( D
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; `' B# M6 |& O6 Q% }+ B
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' X- W# `6 u: [0 z* ? 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. I4 e) p8 U7 c( C6 m+ `3 w
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 G/ t, d- Z j0 `
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 E' P9 Q. B+ \3 m7 y& K. N0 l 157. Expulsion from international organizations
m* A' D1 H, U/ B& k& j" a, t1 j( Q* Q" a, u; p C# {
2 L" |3 r2 a# f9 o$ H! D U
& q5 y" j v f1 R
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 v4 s4 f3 f$ b' [9 c5 o5 i( O! f. p. d9 ~
$ I1 t! U7 @7 G* \# ~ X
Psychological Intervention) v, D: \9 E0 d5 z0 b: M! k
158. Self-exposure to the elements
: O, c& a( {1 U! w; `! B 159. The fast+ J$ p* A& _/ ^8 E
a) Fast of moral pressure& J* ~- ?+ {3 M, }" M
b) Hunger strike6 y! Q: b% ~0 w. r3 v4 ], ^
c) Satyagrahic fast
4 j# M- P8 L( \9 h& r: j( G; d3 ~ 160. Reverse trial+ W. i+ g7 U& y5 p3 O$ q
161. Nonviolent harassment6 r# L5 h* m: {( `" ^
7 m: h( I4 L3 j+ x2 d
Physical Intervention
' I# Q3 ?* o6 t. {' { 162. Sit-in1 r3 a0 g+ V( V5 G+ q# f
163. Stand-in# {$ ?6 E; W9 A7 ~& s
164. Ride-in m( b$ J& B7 a/ x/ n. ^5 |' ?6 n. `2 e
165. Wade-in1 ~6 p* u4 W! Y7 s. a6 r( x: H
166. Mill-in
: P2 c; M# m$ h% x 167. Pray-in d# C; M% P5 w, I$ S: m* @1 B8 L# c
168. Nonviolent raids' I( r' h! j3 D/ ?2 A0 J
169. Nonviolent air raids0 L$ v& r7 o6 I7 @
170. Nonviolent invasion1 z6 j& Z: o9 K* Y$ Z+ V; g m
171. Nonviolent interjection
7 y/ E* }* o. S( K 172. Nonviolent obstruction" B0 v1 `" m1 ]7 P. o, L! Q
173. Nonviolent occupation
; d1 C# O" t- `5 X# P6 |5 W
$ J6 H7 _; i1 i n8 W9 w/ [1 QSocial Intervention
8 H) Z. S# C2 b 174. Establishing new social patterns# ~9 ]. ]* u; v/ }9 p$ g' U# K2 k! d
175. Overloading of facilities+ J1 }5 L0 b/ r
176. Stall-in) y! L5 i e) H( G# ]5 M3 W
177. Speak-in R) j5 `* p4 P
178. Guerrilla theater- Q- L, t0 r! I# U6 B* p |5 p
179. Alternative social institutions$ `% ?2 G& K0 c! U- X
180. Alternative communication system( s) O' k2 }" I; A
. H" ~& S6 P# g9 y: u7 H: Y! } j
Economic Intervention" O" F9 T7 h; x" H/ `) ~2 M; d
181. Reverse strike+ e, }' l( B: N3 }
182. Stay-in strike
- [& n$ J' C. d 183. Nonviolent land seizure
! w7 r1 l" `5 [ d/ y& e8 } 184. Defiance of blockades" [* C" o' k8 h- C( N- Q' ]
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) Q' x" C1 P( A: d. D 186. Preclusive purchasing# |- o$ U( ~, {
187. Seizure of assets
0 O5 k. h& `4 `& P5 @ 188. Dumping2 q: s9 z" E! ~' f
189. Selective patronage) ^1 g/ C- @( X! P$ a3 A) p
190. Alternative markets, N9 F2 f3 r9 F$ T0 t0 T8 Y U; t# ~
191. Alternative transportation systems
* j& r! [% ^. U 192. Alternative economic institutions
! j& A8 O' ~- ?8 s2 u$ z2 i; F
& Y5 A3 b# N/ v: U+ kPolitical Intervention& K, c2 Z7 o1 W
193. Overloading of administrative systems' R$ N6 k$ X+ e- Q# p# D, T
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ E8 W# Z$ y# R# |$ D, q# C
195. Seeking imprisonment% N- r% V5 I4 C* O7 m7 z- N
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws3 \: ~$ D7 X9 I
197. Work-on without collaboration
5 B( M- b" i# U 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
