 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; j' s8 t0 a5 S7 I ~5 |+ n# UFormal Statements9 A( j6 Y% C, n& ~
1. Public Speeches7 w$ g) i" l5 n: _9 U% m, y
2. Letters of opposition or support: u1 Q8 b0 ^2 f
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
+ y% S( Z. M* I/ S: U$ v: M 4. Signed public statements; D- N7 E0 t2 _: I$ X9 |/ u' Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! |! I1 d* | s) {' C
6. Group or mass petitions
0 Z- i- B* J+ _+ h7 f, [1 D. e* @/ c9 u3 f2 l. d" Z# a6 K
Communications with a Wider Audience
- y0 j$ Q- L8 D9 l |5 X 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 }; v2 z6 r# \
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ x( u+ p6 N, T2 n1 p0 a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 v/ b( H) \9 j& a$ O: O
10. Newspapers and journals4 x# t- y7 b" a+ t- v; M
11. Records, radio, and television
1 |3 }" L5 y2 u% A8 j; s: O 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& N7 U4 y9 y3 v% C u
# }2 e& u5 v9 c% qGroup Representations
% ?7 S3 D/ x5 {2 w8 S5 N D% A1 j 13. Deputations
- I: q7 d+ ], m) ^. d/ L 14. Mock awards
, P f9 o7 W1 W) O- a 15. Group lobbying
7 u4 n' x; x, J$ P 16. Picketing
1 g4 ?7 f. V8 h, Z4 | 17. Mock elections
! W7 ^9 |+ E0 |' Q+ _. x, C. J1 \% Q/ _, d" \8 A
Symbolic Public Acts/ ?+ v, @* d" L( ?* G1 J: }
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) j: r, ?1 c# e# u( g$ m- r' } 19. Wearing of symbols7 j7 J; X: c2 x
20. Prayer and worship
l" _) \" N; D( }- j g% p& R+ g 21. Delivering symbolic objects: w9 p3 ~0 E% ` X* G% p$ P$ e
22. Protest disrobings
$ t) V/ S' S/ x' f, |0 m 23. Destruction of own property4 F& ?: j9 c0 w( l5 ~
24. Symbolic lights
' J' d7 a/ e/ D) U) l+ Z 25. Displays of portraits
, | c4 |0 w7 Z8 y5 ^1 h 26. Paint as protest% K5 L) ]3 R$ D
27. New signs and names9 B6 C: {9 D, v# H7 Z" ^! {
28. Symbolic sounds) }$ G# U; m0 p5 z! Y
29. Symbolic reclamations
! S4 e/ x0 X3 V6 u ?+ P 30. Rude gestures
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# v$ I( r' N4 a1 w5 r( |Pressures on Individuals
+ [/ e' {* D/ Q 31. “Haunting” officials( n* L& b7 R6 }( D# U
32. Taunting officials& [2 k! o- W" e" R$ ~* I' v
33. Fraternization
. m( g2 Y) i* i9 [7 F 34. Vigils
1 O: }, ]( o+ r( G7 U, B3 G: x- h$ O" c+ L, _
Drama and Music
$ A! N0 J! c. n1 J2 Q# v/ e8 w4 p 35. Humorous skits and pranks
' ~. @- V: x4 h2 Z/ v$ C7 V 36. Performances of plays and music6 s1 f5 a: d$ K
37. Singing
4 ~# P$ n0 d# H# U: D/ g
6 k I& f" j/ g5 T$ S- tProcessions, c+ u! U& ?9 \- e) Z
38. Marches
J; c/ r. P, N8 _4 F 39. Parades: f7 o) l4 Q1 f- m) Z, f; Q% |
40. Religious processions+ p" G2 ?& K7 U _2 H
41. Pilgrimages: j9 z8 C, r5 ~+ w1 v0 o0 K w
42. Motorcades! W& c/ ?/ @; Y* K4 x0 e5 Z- s) c
o: z' N2 H0 V5 u- H2 OHonoring the Dead
( I) M$ F6 g ^- N Y 43. Political mourning
" ^- S0 ?( o" P; m, \ C 44. Mock funerals
& o8 Y8 J; B* `7 T 45. Demonstrative funerals! `0 K/ I# u5 U( K; x
46. Homage at burial places* r& y* F0 Y- J3 m( d- g, K) l# a1 J
" V3 }: F0 M$ x% T w3 p0 H! [Public Assemblies
5 X0 O* \- p! G! N' m# ` 47. Assemblies of protest or support
, |; I+ p7 y. g3 o 48. Protest meetings
4 N4 N- N4 ^4 b: M) r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- i4 Y4 m* S+ k J* ~
50. Teach-ins
! O7 Q& q% c% h
0 \7 v( Z7 t2 D( Y2 c" V# |+ T* zWithdrawal and Renunciation
( c* q R* u$ S* v O0 }2 v9 m 51. Walk-outs
0 s$ L7 s) c+ Q+ p4 p% n1 u7 X2 n 52. Silence: o0 I0 @ C7 N9 W
53. Renouncing honors
1 i+ W; d/ f- O8 U1 j- F- t+ s 54. Turning one’s back- V! x7 d9 l+ d6 p+ b" f
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& g4 k/ Y5 K( P% k7 y
M5 }$ D/ Q1 O# e( d- |) l
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w3 B3 q" u$ n7 ~/ C
Ostracism of Persons
$ ^" Q w6 {( \2 K 55. Social boycott$ C/ }, f+ l$ W' `
56. Selective social boycott0 {+ I# b1 R7 v/ m5 ^$ s
57. Lysistratic nonaction5 r: J. `! {3 x( P
58. Excommunication* y* I. F B& E8 W
59. Interdict/ K+ V& }( T9 p
+ k& ~1 X2 p& j- n: ONoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( c; |7 i. E- u; e
60. Suspension of social and sports activities: F/ [1 F7 u( h
61. Boycott of social affairs
9 n1 ]7 k% D% M3 d5 l5 w4 d 62. Student strike
7 a" W1 Z N% }/ h+ M$ p( X% b 63. Social disobedience2 q/ \7 d9 N! y. `4 b
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 b3 U1 J, n: k* X- v; j: [- Y* O' M; C
Withdrawal from the Social System: Q0 }- K. V# T) \
65. Stay-at-home
+ v* u4 A( a# z* \0 _6 D 66. Total personal noncooperation
( ]; H* D; n q3 }- i8 ?5 Q 67. “Flight” of workers7 ~& s4 f/ v' C* J- }% S% i
68. Sanctuary: Q' h; D5 O* O7 b
69. Collective disappearance- y9 ]5 w. D C* \9 w( {
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% b9 Z, M- C& Y# w1 l
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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$ T1 u g7 k9 s3 @Actions by Consumers2 q/ I9 V8 S- t5 z9 @
71. Consumers’ boycott
8 J( N! p C& u8 D+ o4 ] ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 A1 v: ^/ z7 a3 o" ~& x' a/ { 73. Policy of austerity
3 p; {3 j- S, V 74. Rent withholding* [/ O. n- M. k3 J- _0 V3 P, J
75. Refusal to rent
) c$ A5 D+ g3 J0 f0 a 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 K4 [, { `1 R1 V, ` 77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers J( Y% Q" f4 u% ?' _- d/ u5 `
78. Workmen’s boycott/ r0 A* a3 P- c6 \( Y! S
79. Producers’ boycott
0 Q9 w. M) S, C
$ Q( [ l. K% X: mAction by Middlemen
2 J# c8 y8 I2 k6 ]# v+ H 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 Y6 u9 W ~8 c- s( D3 k
/ d, E- }, |4 `# ]$ c# [' zAction by Owners and Management
1 k1 S( j' k+ n' D# I/ b 81. Traders’ boycott
2 h( D G2 a3 b. O! H; U 82. Refusal to let or sell property
3 B0 L3 A; j# J/ O0 v 83. Lockout/ [( E$ D0 T& |# S* v% L
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 A* H0 s0 x- l( G) |5 e 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 X' O/ @) s9 u" q$ ]9 ]+ N
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) D5 b# r3 r3 k' s3 V# Y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 ?( M% T; }6 v& p. @, n 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 x9 G6 B, a+ {+ U' ?; |. ?
89. Severance of funds and credit8 f6 L- |% H2 Q/ D1 u/ S* e) g% s
90. Revenue refusal2 q. q5 ^! F; U2 a* I. c* J
91. Refusal of a government’s money
( @ y5 G9 C2 y/ D, @% S9 E: }& ^4 c& ` F }
Action by Governments
7 K4 d$ v, @' H) f8 [& s 92. Domestic embargo: N- X% L: w) H1 i$ V/ @
93. Blacklisting of traders
" a$ ~( W% ?- Z4 O0 X& a 94. International sellers’ embargo
! t0 }& @ b4 m6 h 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ U9 [3 G1 `& J 96. International trade embargo: u; ~7 R& W- I' _: }- R- O" m
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
0 y \8 u2 f, }- P- ^/ {4 ~% t2 \0 Q6 A( Y$ h1 Y( n
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Symbolic Strikes- }7 P" [% B% q4 Y, m
97. Protest strike
+ o. g) J* A: }+ g- ^ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 G' H) y( L; y+ f M
! m% i0 f+ v4 L
Agricultural Strikes5 Y% `8 q' M8 r. n
99. Peasant strike9 Q; u% L7 L& C' A" b8 \
100. Farm Workers’ strike( V( I# g- d; e
! }+ |2 D0 {. z9 |
Strikes by Special Groups" W# a6 A1 F! M& r/ h' d
101. Refusal of impressed labor: A1 p" Z5 M5 A; p6 ?$ r
102. Prisoners’ strike# j! x% G) i/ y3 n8 `
103. Craft strike
5 ^5 S' ?3 \) D y 104. Professional strike+ R, b2 F9 `0 i; A
. o7 L: j0 p3 j+ AOrdinary Industrial Strikes g6 K( n$ P/ f" }) @" E, ?; Z
105. Establishment strike3 c/ V. q4 ^- h) r
106. Industry strike2 K) k" F9 `! `8 u! c
107. Sympathetic strike/ h6 y/ D# P' K, a& X" z1 F6 i
! T6 q8 r1 S, x. _6 ^/ G: ]; LRestricted Strikes
2 ?6 I8 B M7 V 108. Detailed strike
- p+ n, X8 M) X# i3 K 109. Bumper strike
: h s2 M$ L- C% E( f- M 110. Slowdown strike
2 x! F% V% q% [. g- G0 ^; I8 u/ L 111. Working-to-rule strike0 k/ ~# `0 h# j
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" {4 a+ o* Y# E& }. S 113. Strike by resignation! y/ ^! H- C' w5 {, g4 v
114. Limited strike
( o* p* f# k; B( H 115. Selective strike8 ?& O( @ \+ O; u' |
7 ~+ U1 j% h4 z3 Q
Multi-Industry Strikes# q* i" m0 t. P* M2 ^
$ {0 |! _% v2 |' V1 y2 A
116. Generalized strike. f/ }1 P B9 X" M! W4 M% A6 }2 s
6 X& x5 w9 n+ S2 E, i0 S 117. General strike
; A4 G& m1 Q) ?+ h) a9 r! E5 Z' O5 V& w3 M, @
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 H8 B# ~9 t. ?% [! a
+ V2 b* f1 O% l' b& c 118. Hartal9 o4 E* e. f0 j8 H$ X
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119. Economic shutdown" }9 C$ W4 `" s( e" \5 o
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: i9 W" A& Z7 l) l$ B" V' tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ e3 X2 k- O3 y5 G: J
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Rejection of Authority: T) M6 L$ X( c+ s. k! b) L
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 w! v) H" j' z# T( ?$ V. I/ } 121. Refusal of public support
) W: P, j- q$ d) d) z) ^ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 C0 t: L1 _- F; ?8 A
& S9 W. m7 W7 H6 x: f% Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 z& `( ?7 f2 s, i) K 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. S& C0 M9 {' A( K8 T
124. Boycott of elections
% l8 B' z6 m3 _4 S 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& W/ P7 t; h4 _' l. V4 k 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies M; S9 l6 g2 ]/ a8 E8 Q' ^
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! D: @3 |6 Y) b: ^ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: s4 a* M9 `; G7 ^ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# Y9 K! g5 @( b A3 D7 j# e 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" g! O' a! U+ `+ p
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 M ?! }( A; Q5 S" q! l7 d 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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' u! ^/ ^% a7 `, R/ K& w: v+ u4 xCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& [7 F: v. [' i% L' n6 M$ E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance# I. ]% R# ^& M/ f
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& d/ E0 |+ @6 Y O* s0 c. M$ w, s 135. Popular nonobedience8 _3 D) S( R3 @, t9 i
136. Disguised disobedience
# T: `! ]) R; S" Q6 N+ [9 z) k5 R 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( s8 m) i5 t$ l2 ^% d
138. Sitdown( p( Z& a7 j# p8 [
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, Q4 H" E& n/ C5 f* t9 `$ ]. v 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 q: p9 U/ X, Y& v 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ V% u& W& V5 H' A- }4 h7 v
D; O$ W# O- f& `9 VAction by Government Personnel$ W- E# M( n( x4 w: K
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 a1 f, L1 B4 _! n5 o
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# w+ {# ?9 t8 l6 ~% @( _2 J3 x
144. Stalling and obstruction% _! c6 F/ S: h
145. General administrative noncooperation7 e' k$ L1 R1 H: y v. U! |
5 W6 x$ L- z9 Z 146. Judicial noncooperation
" v; m3 Q" O/ ^& Q, L6 j: H8 |5 z% @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 `+ D) F/ K, X% U
148. Mutiny
. z( |9 J, G% eDomestic Governmental Action* _: _: O. f/ ]) j) o
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 I r) L; ]# G: V1 ]8 ^: w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action
1 _1 A6 F" w( t! B$ p' ]* K& K 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# v" H3 |: w, e& O) I- j 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 t/ N( ~, s1 J l, e7 m* q7 n0 h 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition' I9 h/ l7 @' R; ]6 W$ @
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, r' H1 J# v/ p) G0 K 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 N) u( M( t5 m" v2 l 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; b, H$ I+ g/ p7 L* s 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- J, M" K( ?& w+ J8 r
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Psychological Intervention) m2 [! s8 C2 s1 g4 ~
158. Self-exposure to the elements6 w' V: _3 P5 X# y9 p, K& z
159. The fast
+ A5 j; W) F# J! T a) Fast of moral pressure& [8 f# [8 ~' X$ B3 Z
b) Hunger strike
4 ~1 [, N9 E" i1 R c) Satyagrahic fast$ f* Y; q! O" w; H* [# _
160. Reverse trial
6 m. ~- K( z$ @ 161. Nonviolent harassment
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3 n' _: O# c! S @ Z. A5 VPhysical Intervention
7 k* ]4 c8 @+ t& F: K 162. Sit-in! j5 Q# `: \9 N
163. Stand-in
6 i& x0 c, _# B& _! w9 |( } 164. Ride-in
0 q8 }' F( Y$ ~! H' Y+ p& H 165. Wade-in$ Y: p/ m/ n1 d- N/ A z0 y
166. Mill-in
' G8 }2 T4 r% M, l% f+ X* n6 E 167. Pray-in
' O" x' W# K) ^! R* i$ } 168. Nonviolent raids
. C2 d1 z" t! D: r 169. Nonviolent air raids2 k' N E* r/ y# a. A
170. Nonviolent invasion2 U* {9 }: D3 n9 @1 g. p
171. Nonviolent interjection) d6 M5 g" ^8 } x1 w% T. s( ]( j
172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 a9 r! ]) F- f# Q: ^ 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
6 C: D) Q6 _/ U/ z& [: M5 i6 o 174. Establishing new social patterns8 x1 a! b- ], t1 a/ }; h d6 P+ z
175. Overloading of facilities( C& L3 w- O& `/ h
176. Stall-in
7 s1 h p: @+ g 177. Speak-in
5 n, Q; {8 x9 K4 C1 z* H 178. Guerrilla theater8 o: i. }1 S$ X: x4 J$ |( m4 q
179. Alternative social institutions
6 F0 P O6 t6 x: q0 J( S* L 180. Alternative communication system+ j' a+ I( l6 F. S
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Economic Intervention
0 s0 D: S4 ~3 [ C2 p 181. Reverse strike
. ` h; T8 i& \. a* h$ H 182. Stay-in strike Y% i, Z/ }8 m1 ^5 o! A# E) U
183. Nonviolent land seizure( u' T6 H! ]! ?) y
184. Defiance of blockades
. H! l8 `) H$ ^/ `( I7 }& D4 m 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ E1 }, w2 s7 p. G* O( Z 186. Preclusive purchasing
6 I! y: _- k% ? 187. Seizure of assets
& O3 O/ ?$ e' R l3 u 188. Dumping
3 q; R; w8 A% ~$ U 189. Selective patronage4 S/ y( k: U2 j0 K2 e7 h, _: Q
190. Alternative markets) Y8 \/ A- z# \ ~( g( P
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 B6 \; O0 s% E1 W 192. Alternative economic institutions' e( Q- w5 c* ~! G
! U4 P! ?7 v( E0 ^- o. d; F
Political Intervention
0 J4 k. j9 t: q3 p5 a2 J1 h& a 193. Overloading of administrative systems
' D$ g( V2 \) d4 D7 n2 v 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 u z" K+ Z! h, D 195. Seeking imprisonment
. P/ l3 O9 h: t/ a) n 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' ]) k W' O. ^$ l9 u7 \: ^; @ 197. Work-on without collaboration
5 G. d R9 M; A% q* w 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. p u1 S9 [/ k# S$ ^
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
