 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: g3 b$ i5 F( P! @, _# ^7 YFormal Statements
2 \' L7 P* E/ b' v- J 1. Public Speeches, H* O( E8 L! t! \0 i- C
2. Letters of opposition or support+ h! ]. T7 {; d4 K) R
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 s, }8 P& N' U8 Y2 Q6 ?8 \ 4. Signed public statements
1 s7 [3 C" I! u9 `1 Y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 c1 S1 Z9 H% w, V 6. Group or mass petitions
/ L# \5 F1 @4 I" {7 X/ N2 x6 ^6 [+ D2 z T
Communications with a Wider Audience4 p/ }# O2 j# \* e& d; P
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 l+ m1 q# a8 @5 z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 n/ W9 H4 c" O& C+ }! a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
. z) M3 b* B, M! c0 t, O# ? 10. Newspapers and journals% y+ K+ x) q0 {
11. Records, radio, and television+ ?" [. n1 ^# Z9 }- R# \% T
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" w! j; A B9 G( |7 g
1 h0 S5 ]) U( n5 W3 S$ i" ]& uGroup Representations
' s6 Q2 g1 o- f& p) A0 C 13. Deputations
9 G8 w- s; _% s; {$ ~ 14. Mock awards6 v5 u; M6 {5 [, U$ o- A: O
15. Group lobbying1 ?4 q9 i" a6 E* z; m1 L( N
16. Picketing
- _: x% _! I2 T+ X 17. Mock elections
8 C/ b; h' [$ J3 t4 b; W
3 ]" ^- V0 G ] {- ^3 N! h4 l/ aSymbolic Public Acts
, A( a7 a6 l+ d# T9 q/ F- n 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: g* G6 B# m" j 19. Wearing of symbols
+ Q5 [+ [8 N" a, M! r: f; P$ a 20. Prayer and worship7 @+ ] h: ?" \. x% R
21. Delivering symbolic objects$ \% M) \" C$ Z( x# F
22. Protest disrobings
7 P4 w5 u8 V8 Q. F. d 23. Destruction of own property
! y' T( G; e. n3 i5 `4 }0 \8 W" q 24. Symbolic lights. H- u h! o k/ i
25. Displays of portraits0 Y4 r8 |4 R9 j% j
26. Paint as protest
. j; ?. _( o: [. L 27. New signs and names
% v( b, U/ s3 J 28. Symbolic sounds; `% e+ Y; y! ~! E$ n) F& f& P* O5 i
29. Symbolic reclamations
! `7 J4 q1 [& \+ p/ W0 s 30. Rude gestures
7 a' O, ]! J$ B6 p% `5 o6 W3 s8 `1 k7 _% G& H( H/ @. q: l6 }
Pressures on Individuals
( _, h, D9 c; U. c 31. “Haunting” officials
; _" k, w& d; `0 M& F 32. Taunting officials' h" L P: V+ j0 i9 D6 L8 g
33. Fraternization
% a+ W( m: R, b4 ]7 J# h% y& v3 t- _* @ 34. Vigils
: C+ {: [' \6 n1 W+ ^5 [) S5 E; x5 F3 ?( f, T2 r% L% G
Drama and Music$ D) v; C) y) K; a+ \& M
35. Humorous skits and pranks
. Q3 H6 T9 W% n$ _! M& }5 Y- Y 36. Performances of plays and music
9 e! b0 c" m7 s9 p& b- {( O& I 37. Singing
7 F9 v+ }; P4 e! m( ?8 f% Y9 Q* o2 G7 |
Processions
J$ k- D; g# V3 `- F* o& i0 C 38. Marches
2 N, E9 ]" J L 39. Parades
2 u" x9 e# o3 N3 M 40. Religious processions
+ i. a- D2 M" Q- e4 E1 {9 O 41. Pilgrimages7 G, U% b1 {* {0 o
42. Motorcades
4 b* g: i4 L* o0 c/ L
0 Q. C. y1 m1 a. Z0 Y( THonoring the Dead
; V: d' m! [" I( Y/ ?3 V' r5 L. m 43. Political mourning
5 y& |0 _) @3 C 44. Mock funerals
; b: x% w [3 E. A) k N. p9 u 45. Demonstrative funerals
# x. }( I- W1 C# g( k# V 46. Homage at burial places# K1 b1 \7 l% F9 h
4 N! h1 t2 W- H3 i3 ]2 L, I( H* kPublic Assemblies# C5 ]5 R" L+ ^
47. Assemblies of protest or support9 U5 o# n4 y, w0 f
48. Protest meetings( F4 R/ c# j: ?7 t4 `5 E
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest [+ j( H% Z+ A$ {
50. Teach-ins
# z/ k/ A8 `% E+ x. q( E. b
3 b2 R; D3 d) h J' C6 nWithdrawal and Renunciation) K0 w5 g* q8 t* q, H! g5 P' Z3 ^5 b
51. Walk-outs
. c, v) R/ U' n 52. Silence
& Y3 m2 `5 ^. G& g+ _4 R$ a; M 53. Renouncing honors+ k$ b4 r) r3 E/ E& z w3 ]
54. Turning one’s back1 {3 L2 i1 ^; [; t& E; x7 ~% _
8 {. ?- @% M) E7 ]; j% f2 p. g: D - v! X& ?: [: _: Y
: K5 k* V; Y- X o" t% Q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: j6 t5 Y' k' e2 }. K
. C" q$ c$ ]$ Y/ }) y$ Y6 g ; j* m; V" J# H
6 ^" ]# q! b: h, v- y7 V& pOstracism of Persons% h1 r) b" Z% C8 O4 {$ [. v {* Z9 y
55. Social boycott4 T* w% k4 T1 d# a3 z- i. |
56. Selective social boycott
; I! H! }' ~* N* @* }4 N. }9 L 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 o, U, L$ X U 58. Excommunication
; U; t& u L4 ~3 X8 [( | 59. Interdict! P: {2 B5 ^! N ]/ f' n
9 N F5 I/ x' L) r# F! TNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 b# f: W5 R7 b0 Z 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% ~0 ?: b, F, a1 y) T 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 |8 u) `- ^; k; a. t- f 62. Student strike* W ^& Z9 S) E4 S, ]0 T9 r
63. Social disobedience
. i- w" O6 P3 R5 H1 T3 |- e K2 y 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ ?! [/ \# ` s" [
6 {2 w2 `& i, U. E* J+ ]( OWithdrawal from the Social System {. Z* g2 {3 s7 D+ u
65. Stay-at-home
5 R% H, i/ F, A% e: R 66. Total personal noncooperation
! Y4 _: V9 d$ y/ A6 n# h7 O 67. “Flight” of workers
3 M5 s" q9 N2 t+ I0 e) } 68. Sanctuary- j' G* }$ T/ I. ^ H. K `
69. Collective disappearance b* K7 e) f, @9 ?/ i1 {
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& q; X" z, q- n, t2 N
% z; N$ X/ N. G
1 n% F" M: d0 o2 u! S6 [1 J- d' g! \# l
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
: T% y I3 w0 U, W9 l0 `! ?* E6 E# `0 p* F8 m9 b. ~% I2 I* ^) b# I
0 f0 c2 [ c; r- ?' L2 sActions by Consumers
5 n! U9 Z7 b! K+ s3 L3 V- ] 71. Consumers’ boycott: v6 `# E3 E( P- m
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* T: v5 Y0 l' @: p; P 73. Policy of austerity
6 ~5 c/ g: k& E) U: \( T; g1 r 74. Rent withholding
2 P8 [; E% p" ]8 H 75. Refusal to rent. N) T: w+ K: x3 u# e
76. National consumers’ boycott/ q( Q" ^4 X9 Q
77. International consumers’ boycott, E% l% Y, r# ^ J _
* d [& R1 Z* U" [$ B+ [
Action by Workers and Producers
) M" _% o+ J) w8 s7 D0 s7 c 78. Workmen’s boycott
4 O" r+ U0 j# y6 O" U) N 79. Producers’ boycott' k# {7 i B' M* u6 H' `" ^, j& V* A
* I! U4 [4 D4 c" D. sAction by Middlemen
2 ]/ D! X5 C: ?# Q$ n4 V0 q' O' S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# F- v8 q) \5 B0 | C8 I
8 z- U4 m& [5 N) F, C2 Q8 G C3 q0 aAction by Owners and Management
: a2 U5 h: K% S, z. I5 o# \2 Z3 k 81. Traders’ boycott# u- p4 l4 s: h; z
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: V0 t& P4 \8 G- \8 L 83. Lockout0 O. i. l, r3 O
84. Refusal of industrial assistance; r% A/ }. b- a; G6 z9 r
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& ?" i3 g" U8 u& g. P& k
( M6 V) B3 K* C. ~4 c7 U: o6 T
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ L) W# ?, j5 j a) f: s 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 d6 P9 n- A" t8 Q8 P
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* \5 [3 A9 x% @) y; l 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
2 l8 O# ~) {1 i5 u9 y! R 89. Severance of funds and credit; E# Q& G6 t/ H( m2 |
90. Revenue refusal! f4 ~; y. [. i; |* q+ W4 D* K
91. Refusal of a government’s money
( j) c' t( u/ O
6 {& G7 w6 m; o; r: S' y8 t* IAction by Governments- r: O. S, A; ]0 w8 \9 N8 j/ Q
92. Domestic embargo
+ u5 d n' y, B+ V; ~9 V' B 93. Blacklisting of traders
6 H0 h& Q5 T, t, W- V: U 94. International sellers’ embargo( E9 J/ c6 ?% m& d3 ] {6 B! i; y$ t
95. International buyers’ embargo* L9 J2 ?% V3 B; p8 d
96. International trade embargo
* [/ c1 K" m' t/ e9 T. `$ a2 p% o6 R! l; l1 w: x
2 |& ^* M0 Z3 A6 C9 }: ^
4 j5 ]+ m& [: U( n/ Q6 DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 y& |' K1 m6 U
5 R+ w O3 x, a: n4 U
$ A' L6 h5 ]. N7 h" z) M6 TSymbolic Strikes
+ Y. v8 ?8 ]% H9 Z' Y) c 97. Protest strike
" ^2 w2 i5 p) B. D" {5 _2 S' l! U 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' u/ r7 g8 }/ P+ O! p8 G
& l! R. s P4 [( _; A/ ` N% iAgricultural Strikes
7 | H F* l; n! t4 u( a 99. Peasant strike
4 }3 {6 G+ l* t0 s3 j 100. Farm Workers’ strike* E$ H: R$ W9 y: g H
+ @3 }' l5 \9 h2 uStrikes by Special Groups
- g9 k7 `& i3 y" v* y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 w1 I0 O; h# D4 G! G& D# G. [$ A 102. Prisoners’ strike9 ?+ W" V$ d% _ @( L
103. Craft strike
$ ~) f9 O8 \ e0 b 104. Professional strike9 p7 X% Z3 ]. S) d
3 b/ {$ E7 w$ z( K; n# E/ NOrdinary Industrial Strikes- U8 z5 W' ]3 Z) j. w/ A
105. Establishment strike
3 ~; `7 U. W1 x, H5 `, j# q: I# S 106. Industry strike
d- w' b; B7 H: v. s3 q: M 107. Sympathetic strike* v. P* D7 Z6 q% |0 W3 [1 r6 z# B
* _/ r! B6 e. n' X$ q) T. f) mRestricted Strikes
$ ^5 ^1 r0 G: E8 ~( e0 B+ A 108. Detailed strike
' X5 P, J2 {8 v y 109. Bumper strike3 A0 y( l) L; A2 Q! S, I
110. Slowdown strike; |; D7 @( e+ F$ S$ n5 b
111. Working-to-rule strike4 f5 d( j W! X6 b- l2 O% ]
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 h0 B% I" C; J 113. Strike by resignation
4 l% F8 p: d/ o; e% n/ u 114. Limited strike
) Q! Y3 n4 T, j+ y 115. Selective strike5 V! T) J% U8 I
' n8 _& z$ {9 O: ~3 y- s2 y
Multi-Industry Strikes( H4 |1 [3 h& N- O
! y) U0 x% @8 y/ W# P1 p/ w 116. Generalized strike
9 u3 n4 |: T6 b! C5 M5 y
9 Y3 H7 i% }. y. D 117. General strike
: X; R r( y, J" w7 b1 t/ ^ b3 P; Q1 B" J
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures# F8 Q Q6 ?8 o0 E9 d4 U* {
% m4 h4 V0 @3 M+ R: k. j
118. Hartal1 p( g v$ Z' p+ p9 g$ t
0 l' g, l- a: F3 G' I: S. e 119. Economic shutdown% l9 e% L5 }( D6 ?) C9 {2 ]
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: G4 \' Y4 z- E3 D5 o3 oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
]1 `6 u/ L3 S p5 {0 Y7 |
" V7 _: ^: }2 j# G' U) N; k
# Q; H& @* E* Q: |. n$ P6 y- Z2 jRejection of Authority" n- f$ H7 t3 e5 b0 m
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 r: ~! n0 x D# d2 ]& J 121. Refusal of public support9 G* o1 H, W' R3 o2 M3 @
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; ^ f3 M9 Y1 h8 d. X' M3 ]
?( L$ r) C# Y+ _ H, O5 aCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ y: N8 q% ^1 W
123. Boycott of legislative bodies' U4 B& }% b( G |/ d2 \4 C4 y
124. Boycott of elections
; u& B: n0 g: b; ? 125. Boycott of government employment and positions' C2 r+ O/ D( O" F- D5 |3 S! g
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; d. b, J+ c6 q& u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) t& V, Q \9 L% M. `5 R 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ n/ `* y2 Z% U% F5 i2 ~
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* N3 }: S( b: V5 M
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& c4 ~5 |, y# ^7 b; l
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 v- X# |; \8 V7 Q1 c6 K 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* C% H) S9 D- _7 o; y) \
3 m' R* p8 l' Z3 W% ICitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 Z+ j8 j" l* M! x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) z9 M& @( D) {$ i: |5 p 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' p) j- Q% V9 k' }7 i
135. Popular nonobedience
% u1 E. B1 U2 {, g/ D: V9 j; N 136. Disguised disobedience3 V& Z+ K3 y& _1 V! }
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 F$ F9 z! N, K% W3 S
138. Sitdown' N! t. P! |( o. [+ {
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& A; \ d" K3 c) S' P5 z6 e( U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! e$ W+ [9 [! `6 y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, t0 t9 ]+ {! t" b: Z
8 v. y. R7 n/ [# B( Y( U1 CAction by Government Personnel P6 b1 s( O; o; ?% G) K# B1 D
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" d* }- O( _2 |, E
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% b8 }% W1 L1 T% d5 C) x/ I 144. Stalling and obstruction" M0 N9 A0 k% ^0 D/ F
145. General administrative noncooperation
1 Y& x5 k8 I7 \$ K( s0 y
" ]" u5 x" [0 q 146. Judicial noncooperation
% P h& Q ^' }1 I 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 }. L" t+ W, D* N/ |: I
148. Mutiny
x/ v* c R9 KDomestic Governmental Action
, C. B% F( ?) N 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ _ I" A/ Q) b
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 _+ h. ^4 j% _8 w
. Y$ J9 y5 D% Q% \International Governmental Action" e% f8 R" C9 h o- m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 x! A/ t0 j, }3 \6 H
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ y: V5 _' ]& l6 s 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 v K5 s. n' [9 V- o* q. L
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 c% _: i- V% w! E ] 155. Withdrawal from international organizations" {( P2 X% A! G
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 C% x" V% J) l6 s6 a1 Y7 C 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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6 ?% m N8 d @0 ? H4 N: N
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 l: G1 w. F" y3 `* _
5 }6 w' r* V. w0 J* ?. Q+ k: ?
% G2 U* b3 E% yPsychological Intervention
" g# e" k; T0 B5 O; @ 158. Self-exposure to the elements8 U% V: w' M. L
159. The fast& M% _7 j# O) t: v7 h
a) Fast of moral pressure9 G. @2 R( \4 I; H; p6 b
b) Hunger strike
0 d v9 |* |. Z0 s7 } c) Satyagrahic fast
/ }7 d% K/ D0 m4 J- c g5 o 160. Reverse trial
, H$ G% x- A0 _: R 161. Nonviolent harassment# [$ {: ^- o) o
$ K* D+ J* C+ V, f) n" x
Physical Intervention6 G$ S( O. Q z4 j! i3 [, M1 a: B3 G
162. Sit-in" P- a3 T: g t7 n
163. Stand-in: W* B `& l/ h; J
164. Ride-in
& M( p' b- |. T: l 165. Wade-in: P+ ^8 I: t' W& Y g
166. Mill-in
p5 K8 o; q" R4 L0 t- d% f0 d& c 167. Pray-in: B0 e6 u( y4 s; W
168. Nonviolent raids, N0 ?$ A: d+ l0 W. Z
169. Nonviolent air raids( Q- e$ A; i# u1 A+ e! G
170. Nonviolent invasion
: m. \/ ^3 R) r1 f' W8 B' U# N 171. Nonviolent interjection2 C$ E5 e j7 W( b9 n L
172. Nonviolent obstruction5 d; {: H/ {/ s
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
# Z* z- p: c: S5 |' |5 ] 174. Establishing new social patterns5 v, e' @: R2 `4 p" M% J, P
175. Overloading of facilities- @, N8 f: ]7 A' q# \
176. Stall-in
' L+ w: C2 B! K" s: k2 v, j# B 177. Speak-in
! f# u0 e9 u. o8 j7 ] 178. Guerrilla theater* ^- m1 p7 n/ a+ _. R& Z" j: Y
179. Alternative social institutions% h( T: V7 ~$ D I/ `4 z2 R ?
180. Alternative communication system
& n: ?! e& D3 n$ x$ }; R1 n3 J' f1 J( \7 e
Economic Intervention3 m. N; s# O8 K& Y7 r
181. Reverse strike
$ a0 {1 Y. t9 v0 O% ^( o9 `* N 182. Stay-in strike R) X& z7 q M, }- _+ R# }
183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ z, z) ?* S. G4 C) f 184. Defiance of blockades
! u- ^3 ` Z7 ~4 W/ Z& g; ? 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 u# e. `9 B, _# @$ b6 I" i 186. Preclusive purchasing& d5 w( L2 ~% `4 f
187. Seizure of assets1 N5 B; Y/ z8 T. L
188. Dumping
* t. }/ o% O: n- C. _ 189. Selective patronage1 Q7 l4 G1 d' ?! e6 |* x' n! d
190. Alternative markets
9 ]4 D" D5 c) _! V) u 191. Alternative transportation systems
+ p+ |3 T% U" ] P$ Z @$ h3 t, C 192. Alternative economic institutions
1 u' O B- E' s. u5 c1 h3 _. w. R0 E& B) q1 E* N
Political Intervention. s/ l g( p: z. m7 f7 |1 Q9 H9 X
193. Overloading of administrative systems& O a' l& Z# Z1 C' L# {
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! h8 M4 S# q+ D1 H+ a" E% g ~- U
195. Seeking imprisonment
) w6 R% R: g/ P1 k: `; j 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% y" r8 c: g: \: N1 E8 Z3 ?+ V% J 197. Work-on without collaboration
4 {3 ]* Z: w: E: [. x 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government5 `3 n0 ?# [# k' [3 A
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
