 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 R' t' J" z4 e* \
Formal Statements
1 T0 U' l" U A9 P/ h/ j 1. Public Speeches7 T( W* M4 ?* W, P7 k
2. Letters of opposition or support
, B& B) |4 S- C# T- H 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 x* O5 ^3 o" ]4 ? 4. Signed public statements
, b3 h8 F2 j3 T" d 5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 e3 n3 K: l( K r
6. Group or mass petitions/ K) w3 @, i2 x8 o7 V
9 l9 Q4 M7 _8 e' E LCommunications with a Wider Audience# i4 }7 l. S, b; p2 { d
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* ^+ h+ ~" P9 l
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 c. t6 O2 y& Y6 k0 {" ]1 C
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books l* m% q3 D, e6 m$ j: i" g5 |
10. Newspapers and journals) {& X V6 z+ \! z1 c* f5 L/ ]
11. Records, radio, and television
, m8 {8 E9 k& J4 P5 V' _- x 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! B4 U4 u' E' H* H
( K! u8 S& X; m! T, p: p1 m0 }7 {Group Representations
* Z% ?8 p9 Z: }3 O% ~ 13. Deputations
; e8 L; y4 B+ j 14. Mock awards. P; i U0 ]; u2 r
15. Group lobbying
+ {7 e# P. j- v/ G3 Y 16. Picketing
& ?# i$ d* I8 x: [# f 17. Mock elections# Z# e2 |- [) a9 U+ E
& G! n2 ^0 X7 L/ T! p
Symbolic Public Acts
, l+ U% s+ a& u* \ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ q& A9 a$ h0 b8 s1 y. W7 ^! [
19. Wearing of symbols
+ W' ?% T% R5 i0 a2 h 20. Prayer and worship" E2 K' C) e* w/ m; X! _
21. Delivering symbolic objects* ]6 f0 G6 |4 n' s
22. Protest disrobings- C0 P5 S" C; a
23. Destruction of own property
9 e& n L% a: @ 24. Symbolic lights1 ]" }6 N& [0 Q" b% B
25. Displays of portraits
3 Y6 g" S+ \' k c6 c 26. Paint as protest$ r5 y1 Q9 W( A
27. New signs and names! C' @% Z3 V O3 M& `! l3 ]. A( t6 g8 o
28. Symbolic sounds
! ~- U6 D7 @& ^# v, \6 e" g 29. Symbolic reclamations" F7 ^( Y2 Z1 A& h. ?5 y7 d. x/ K
30. Rude gestures
: g) w+ k: n2 k9 y2 m6 D8 u
/ e( [8 n8 ]4 ~+ l1 VPressures on Individuals3 W3 H6 l# I& V t
31. “Haunting” officials
8 Y3 A2 U7 Q$ j4 S3 v 32. Taunting officials1 i% b" N8 u' q
33. Fraternization& t& u' _% q. _* T
34. Vigils" E* e8 H0 D/ H, C( a1 x
. ], A( C( y0 g( DDrama and Music
k4 M6 e0 D t6 J) F1 H 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ x; q7 M4 T. ?0 U9 \! B' D7 Y 36. Performances of plays and music
5 ~( \% f2 k/ j8 T* Z G1 [9 e$ g+ M 37. Singing
9 c4 _+ }5 Y$ V2 x
( n c. x- p% T# |Processions' ~8 _" [$ b0 J& [2 o. ~
38. Marches
; j6 _ w' z: y) c" S 39. Parades1 G6 ]; b* D+ O1 l$ g) D
40. Religious processions3 r/ J: C! I+ S: p5 D9 L# B
41. Pilgrimages3 I9 M3 w; [4 D
42. Motorcades
+ Q+ L; Z# y. \" P7 N1 i2 }; G3 G% _
. N# W6 p8 Z; I% V! q# ?5 V- bHonoring the Dead: N; [3 \4 g) s9 e8 w B
43. Political mourning* z5 {* h' L% g. M6 M5 S
44. Mock funerals
3 s8 Z/ m1 H B3 B. q 45. Demonstrative funerals
# D% E; B; P; u) O) x5 t3 p1 U 46. Homage at burial places
8 z( ?- i; M2 l* i
8 ?, F: ?6 }8 A' G k. uPublic Assemblies: m" x& D# V/ c3 A. B, }! r
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- K3 m* m" \' Z' L$ D& _ x 48. Protest meetings
?& _5 y) q# D' J5 `+ V 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 g- n( L3 X! p, L
50. Teach-ins
! I% V. p5 E/ D7 H% y* z$ K: b% r
Withdrawal and Renunciation
- t3 a: R# I- ^# p# @ 51. Walk-outs" a |; D- S- i ^( ?. B
52. Silence
6 h- M: R% M6 _$ a 53. Renouncing honors
/ e0 a0 E+ I( i* S: I 54. Turning one’s back
8 D2 R. x/ T) c$ J$ _2 p# w, m% F: E: H8 ^2 ]& U" ? C' A
$ x( ?2 y6 S3 y% _( U9 ^
- r @; h7 [8 G. l: T2 \6 p9 nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
4 J' H e9 i. @- c1 y5 j1 u 55. Social boycott. K0 N9 J6 E7 C$ H
56. Selective social boycott
2 j% B2 Q% [) D 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 y' H e( y4 c7 X8 Y, p4 l
58. Excommunication5 t; U1 l& s: S4 @6 D1 P2 B4 @
59. Interdict
+ B2 N! |5 `& j8 r: d7 ~& g% c7 @/ F
# l0 e( s% v. F' U' {) I4 v- TNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 K5 c& u; F j4 T
60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 t4 e8 E0 w9 R) E4 S3 ^ P- [
61. Boycott of social affairs/ v- W/ U$ |6 ^5 Y" }
62. Student strike" j# f* E0 X: v
63. Social disobedience
2 z6 W# T9 U* R' K0 h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions) G. W, K3 A+ N4 j. x
) `: R2 h5 c( X; P, d4 F. ^Withdrawal from the Social System/ N8 Z" ^+ r4 c7 j$ c
65. Stay-at-home
. C% |+ r3 z0 ~5 b7 b( D4 U3 e 66. Total personal noncooperation
& s; Q( d9 R( W# t7 s 67. “Flight” of workers' T' Y! S: K* l9 P
68. Sanctuary6 g* u% j2 r* \' f# b3 t& P
69. Collective disappearance
8 X" m1 H" h) ~% l 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 w1 \" R9 Q# G* W0 {2 O! w3 J" ^3 l% N) r6 \2 l
6 q9 d5 m. s. _: R! o6 `$ ]
9 e* U3 _# s+ W! R. vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' R! C! Z1 _$ X2 R( i. I2 |
- T2 {5 e3 o' X: r/ k% i0 `
% B- f4 Z6 `# J! I* TActions by Consumers4 p1 ?0 D2 w( x4 ^) c. H- q. Z% T
71. Consumers’ boycott
' t& s$ y) {1 C/ y( t& u8 X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. i. |" W) J( v+ b' R2 L# \& r
73. Policy of austerity+ S: Q3 z3 U" e& d% p$ |
74. Rent withholding
6 Y' d) z4 [# \$ x 75. Refusal to rent- `; f" h/ P& P( R
76. National consumers’ boycott0 l: v* N& ?9 _0 n& I' n% C! h
77. International consumers’ boycott- |8 p( |0 R$ o2 q7 z0 h. t) E
2 r1 i6 Y6 v$ P2 J% aAction by Workers and Producers/ k, i' f( U" H1 U1 L: l: b
78. Workmen’s boycott0 o& {% L# Y0 ?: y2 @
79. Producers’ boycott
/ B- J# }8 Q& [2 A1 @+ h
8 S" h2 b* @+ S+ V0 `$ MAction by Middlemen
- I# C% Z+ @; a( D! y# c 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 A, O1 Y2 _& l' U9 s2 s
: K7 B+ Q2 u/ I, jAction by Owners and Management: E0 A1 b6 S0 u4 P6 V# d$ q
81. Traders’ boycott% T& f- ?$ K" U* m [
82. Refusal to let or sell property
( Y7 k- U) u7 s( U7 v 83. Lockout
" ]! X0 V8 @+ T 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 [2 N# ~/ c8 W4 e, X3 v1 j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( n. X6 @0 d- {! s. |3 f, s& r9 {- L$ {, j- [1 h/ q( t
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
, f4 \9 ]* r2 B) [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; b8 g0 {5 J; H! t. G% ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) i0 U2 D7 z2 B 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
d/ m9 p! Q+ _4 O 89. Severance of funds and credit& ]+ I9 J5 ~2 m' r
90. Revenue refusal1 q+ n, H3 ~0 w4 ^- h0 r$ J, @
91. Refusal of a government’s money
. G7 o& g% S6 |3 ~7 s7 @: J
# \' v2 Z1 T0 \Action by Governments
( V# D, e. U: O8 e 92. Domestic embargo
; L5 {0 q% E" w7 Z 93. Blacklisting of traders/ r4 V+ N8 ~( F# h% k
94. International sellers’ embargo
1 Y) V+ e$ b0 T+ W 95. International buyers’ embargo; }+ z0 O5 I5 _& J t. E+ `4 Z9 s
96. International trade embargo
1 z; _3 D# V1 S# L1 l; S
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P+ ]' W8 x) I0 ~2 \5 n# ^ Q" ~$ X# f% s# X7 h: D; h
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 |! U" a$ I- C1 N/ W
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b- R, ?+ e6 m f5 }7 j8 `Symbolic Strikes* Y+ b. c5 e- ~3 q9 s, J
97. Protest strike
6 V4 H( D) f, ?8 E# c2 z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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Agricultural Strikes# P$ \ H& L7 j1 B8 w5 W2 M, h% V
99. Peasant strike5 ]+ H3 o1 p" p9 |
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) d: i$ _; c2 ?
0 A! P6 v7 t% oStrikes by Special Groups$ ^6 z, F6 g. \5 Q
101. Refusal of impressed labor8 P" ]3 K, a' q9 {( v
102. Prisoners’ strike
, n7 `, ?% _1 v; i, k; W2 q6 O3 R 103. Craft strike
& s( g, Q u d( ]+ Y8 Z# Y! \ 104. Professional strike9 @# ^' `3 |7 n& o
* n# \. C: p/ ~( u0 LOrdinary Industrial Strikes
. j7 y- Q B& s/ z. e 105. Establishment strike
1 w, u+ f' [) q7 P 106. Industry strike+ u' B& a8 L) f/ s7 C
107. Sympathetic strike" M3 J: ^( ~8 Z5 n; K
( z. r' k* a# ]# [; f+ }! Z
Restricted Strikes8 M4 o! ~' W G! j
108. Detailed strike
! f- a. k; I' `7 ?+ g 109. Bumper strike: K& p! T9 h2 q. {
110. Slowdown strike7 L9 c1 ^9 i4 K& {' C
111. Working-to-rule strike F4 X$ e4 _* `' t) K
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 C8 I/ y7 m: g
113. Strike by resignation
2 {) R' K* b- K- l9 N' c 114. Limited strike
) Z6 }/ |7 ] E& ^! F2 O9 W; f 115. Selective strike N/ X* B5 c# N+ Y l
+ N7 j9 o, g- _1 ]Multi-Industry Strikes
: D* N d4 |; @
7 X, W! I' v/ `; @, B5 x 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
. k' c# D3 D$ Z. f( L' S! |5 i3 x& Y# D( ^* s5 _
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures" L! C( C8 ^% M Q ?5 v" |& ^3 z
3 f$ `% c6 { @8 F+ p9 }) f4 a4 i! d( ~
118. Hartal4 a* K% x* C5 ?7 d
% W) O O% T" k! l4 {
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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+ t7 K+ C- M( q / A! |4 j) }6 P- \, Y2 t/ C, N. c
Rejection of Authority5 s$ N1 I/ E1 G& ?& E
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 n) g/ u0 s4 {+ A. e, w 121. Refusal of public support( S5 m: w6 o; }% C! g
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 D! q. j2 X! K( O8 n; n7 D
4 b& y" a; l z& e2 M4 JCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government; |0 ^ Z q& S% y' f
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) y8 Z- [) ]& Z* S 124. Boycott of elections
. E/ d$ }; H' G% t6 l- j- @2 G 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 F, o0 V# c$ M* j8 b4 ~ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* ]1 @/ ]2 H8 L2 | 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
H& a% i3 m4 M3 l/ w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 U$ F* d/ k1 Q, {0 x+ {9 a
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" L, a: o. \, K9 e8 R/ t( N 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks+ j7 G3 v/ m# {1 k0 q, o- F
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ c y6 O- {# ^; K) h" u 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
/ t& D9 }" J; `" X6 |$ s5 S% L5 x/ @+ q2 Z; D+ n. @
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
) f: C C7 u/ o7 M, u 133. Reluctant and slow compliance! x: |) b% k2 A8 `' Q/ I* I! x
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( g& N P8 d# |: y j/ Q+ g5 V 135. Popular nonobedience2 k2 X6 G" i4 ]4 A
136. Disguised disobedience
0 |9 I G# H5 K. _9 a W( S 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 A! P. s( O/ z _
138. Sitdown4 i5 u2 U& m/ Z; x
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 i+ T% P0 r" m8 e0 }& a3 v5 I0 }- q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; a. Q$ M5 O6 Z+ ^- Z9 z! s 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& F/ ^5 k; Y, Y* v6 O4 t9 C) w' }# W/ i" X/ k. {" g
Action by Government Personnel
* [+ }; @ \* {$ q I9 O 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. u ^. E3 o; d+ ^& D' n
143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 w) W4 m0 t' j# {5 c/ z! Y
144. Stalling and obstruction
' L3 u/ L- X7 P/ [8 i e 145. General administrative noncooperation4 ~2 b3 g/ t; [1 Z' L# }0 s
! o2 }+ S! r: F0 M% j( S 146. Judicial noncooperation9 A" v6 r: {: x- I" j' J! |( Q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 d0 D+ a+ }( g( m ^ 148. Mutiny
4 v, S6 R+ g7 N$ `) sDomestic Governmental Action: M+ y' C9 W* C( Q5 K
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" m* @. G0 Y6 h 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 \* U6 B$ v7 s* R/ z5 ~ a
3 y4 U4 @/ ^* C* a$ }International Governmental Action
9 e6 {& [' k9 w. Z6 A; c 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 O% ?$ K) `( x$ I& a5 f
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 G$ h" |4 ~; K! ?5 ~' g' j
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 V: b" f6 z& u, t2 J 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 M5 q" M9 G0 j1 S' o3 D0 G 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: b& f- L e( I. P; \ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ z2 j9 G$ J" b
157. Expulsion from international organizations6 }$ o/ {0 Y6 h: r8 S
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% e$ Z+ k. L+ S5 L1 fTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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6 T! R; O" g. M5 k* k( ~5 gPsychological Intervention# {* u/ v$ C1 r) p
158. Self-exposure to the elements) L4 J" H7 C' f8 j1 D! k" W3 D% O
159. The fast
: O( i5 g- a+ N- b& Q! ?' x6 h0 D! o" t a) Fast of moral pressure0 H: ]4 a3 R' W, A
b) Hunger strike
. u6 ], r/ Y. A c) Satyagrahic fast
# s4 _, v' P% C9 b& W0 i 160. Reverse trial
; z& P! Q3 S* N6 t- v1 }- D 161. Nonviolent harassment
6 w) F! f* U0 j7 o5 L9 @4 d
" j( k2 _8 @6 k! I, hPhysical Intervention
6 `; _! A `! I; _+ P# o 162. Sit-in
f; F7 T; F: t5 s+ y W 163. Stand-in
$ y* k r7 C; Y 164. Ride-in
0 V1 m2 ?5 O5 x4 W8 D 165. Wade-in7 c8 `1 B6 P; g2 J) H0 C
166. Mill-in
# c) r* i9 Q9 x, U9 p 167. Pray-in
9 Z: R9 t& R* O 168. Nonviolent raids
; H! T2 K: |3 ~ 169. Nonviolent air raids. `5 H8 d. t' x" H
170. Nonviolent invasion" g+ g2 x) v2 B. H' g8 F& P8 D3 w5 S
171. Nonviolent interjection
* A7 [1 _6 y4 S( c e7 H 172. Nonviolent obstruction% [( u5 w# A5 K9 D3 `
173. Nonviolent occupation& o% d6 C6 ~( W: Z8 F! U
% l7 X1 g, j" W V1 W5 bSocial Intervention
6 I+ \8 S2 E( C( {& h4 @) V$ Y 174. Establishing new social patterns8 y$ e& a$ W5 [4 Q' \
175. Overloading of facilities
8 i! g" n5 n D4 A3 z1 H' g. ? 176. Stall-in4 n$ }9 K: w/ B. j
177. Speak-in
9 Q+ a8 B( [9 @1 F. @7 Q 178. Guerrilla theater/ Y( b' h8 m4 c4 P
179. Alternative social institutions
7 `2 R% q) C% W& ^+ h 180. Alternative communication system- v) `) I* C3 G5 D" Z) e; s3 O
0 e, l$ H) B3 O Z5 H: P5 Z1 m
Economic Intervention4 [7 @( X5 ^$ Y$ @
181. Reverse strike0 H# V9 h2 K2 `$ c: C9 R
182. Stay-in strike# w& l) e* T/ L. H* \
183. Nonviolent land seizure- {0 r& |4 `" x+ f1 J: ]% T
184. Defiance of blockades
# ]/ {) J+ T+ F& |, K6 O3 ~+ Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: H& A, T, w* m* g6 | 186. Preclusive purchasing0 A) \3 L! R1 f8 I2 Z
187. Seizure of assets, R4 l! c E& ^" h; x- {7 c2 s
188. Dumping
( U i$ K( |- w+ w 189. Selective patronage
# g! d) I( ?$ |* L/ Y 190. Alternative markets. w+ U7 p. k' m! G
191. Alternative transportation systems
4 F. ?( |1 z4 n1 g4 Y 192. Alternative economic institutions2 Q _0 i1 b0 I
8 G7 ?; u3 X F# a8 i% ~9 DPolitical Intervention
9 P' ~; s8 @$ r: t3 p* i 193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 w. X* c$ D' Q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& n8 F0 a) d6 X4 g- j% b$ C4 w
195. Seeking imprisonment
$ [2 K1 n1 }/ t2 B/ n 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' q9 c4 @1 E: M! @0 r( v! l
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 I5 g5 c9 @( b7 T, o 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
