 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' q4 G# P, ?$ K7 VFormal Statements
, G# r2 J5 t& P1 \7 {8 I+ { 1. Public Speeches7 [9 P5 m; L4 ]& B3 b! k' K6 }; D
2. Letters of opposition or support
& n4 ?! g3 w9 { N% O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 a% i, z$ f! r9 g( u+ F
4. Signed public statements
' d1 t B0 h9 z$ h* W 5. Declarations of indictment and intention* I! P7 E% U+ y% ^
6. Group or mass petitions E" a6 k+ r) N+ D& g, X7 n
! k8 N3 s4 ^! k {2 N8 i1 H3 {8 V
Communications with a Wider Audience
/ i1 W9 H7 h% Q; k$ r: v8 W- x, g 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 n7 ?% s) j7 C& x# q1 V4 s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 O( j8 y' i& r/ _9 x% c | 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% X* n6 W2 h) R- p 10. Newspapers and journals
' M/ u( }1 h A 11. Records, radio, and television" Z. n5 W' O& v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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5 h4 X5 z( @4 T3 T5 t. d# _: [Group Representations
7 P* V, B# M6 z 13. Deputations
8 s; J1 s8 c0 d; n- ]* k9 Y# t4 I 14. Mock awards
2 z( Z0 w) N! M" b8 |/ G0 L6 x 15. Group lobbying3 T3 y( Q$ V8 _& w
16. Picketing
* ^6 \- t# R4 x0 @ 17. Mock elections
$ X& Z/ U5 g9 [$ B5 l0 `+ K# s
/ ]" ^# Q6 u* s2 D8 V& KSymbolic Public Acts
( c: Q X( i& X* Y( `+ E0 } 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 A9 e) _4 A D& u% n. T6 D) X
19. Wearing of symbols2 V& l4 H/ L5 A$ A. [4 O
20. Prayer and worship
k; z1 n0 h! g8 d1 V5 {' O; o4 p 21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 W( h7 }0 I4 I6 I2 N9 d 22. Protest disrobings
0 ~- U! g! t$ _( F3 B0 P 23. Destruction of own property& L/ A! e1 Y6 A1 D: l: r, p
24. Symbolic lights
. {+ j- l6 m) k9 O( ` 25. Displays of portraits3 y; t2 j, `6 `
26. Paint as protest, c# H. _$ Q$ G2 L; X F
27. New signs and names
% N" B, L* @( Z, o, m% {5 g E6 a" g 28. Symbolic sounds
5 ^& k* Q) O3 c2 u0 W' G" L6 C/ n 29. Symbolic reclamations* C2 k8 e: @2 Q, f
30. Rude gestures
/ E& K8 d4 f3 y* [* l- C
& ^- b$ B0 g5 X$ [# x: }& }; O# X' q; xPressures on Individuals
0 A* L* ]5 |3 j9 y9 L- { 31. “Haunting” officials
; S+ D( H: u5 @ 32. Taunting officials/ i9 C( ` B+ r- j4 j# J/ O: [
33. Fraternization- b; n8 ^ |9 q
34. Vigils1 y7 Z2 u; c: J u" R+ ?
" [; P, c0 y; ~" X7 q2 C. k
Drama and Music
& P- c( E6 L/ W& g% q' S( u. r 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- }* f4 p$ D+ T/ @* L6 a 36. Performances of plays and music
& g2 V% w8 Y; B/ e 37. Singing
9 m, ^* j3 [; u
1 d0 n" w" b9 h4 V- X9 Q2 w/ HProcessions
* X. n/ b0 L$ i! Z$ S) ^9 A 38. Marches- | l6 S: ], R; `
39. Parades9 C9 B1 N0 k4 L9 ~
40. Religious processions" X6 m* d) O$ X+ H% Z
41. Pilgrimages" j/ Z' {& J) y1 J; z" F& \
42. Motorcades
* i7 S: e3 J2 o* `0 F9 w1 p' M# c! ^. S2 B3 K" r
Honoring the Dead
# N' X+ R- ^7 x2 a 43. Political mourning
3 G0 ^; o% _8 v0 R1 r5 ^$ s: x" A 44. Mock funerals
( w6 u+ E' |/ C/ W 45. Demonstrative funerals: Q: v! c) d' ~" j ]% B
46. Homage at burial places
' f6 Y0 D9 \' a& E* _
[4 y7 Y/ q, i( m) o+ h6 p8 BPublic Assemblies* I& v; q0 v. y E$ A
47. Assemblies of protest or support
L P9 w( _: X 48. Protest meetings9 A$ n2 c8 @8 _. G2 ]7 N
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 B& w- ~2 ~* `1 H3 r" S 50. Teach-ins1 |2 ]* |# v' j: c/ K. X9 {6 @
2 \3 k2 Q ~" E' @5 o
Withdrawal and Renunciation6 w$ ] B: T5 ^+ c& V" i
51. Walk-outs5 p) g+ d- t+ h' v2 i& p
52. Silence
- U. F: Q, L' W, }7 O 53. Renouncing honors! \* h: i. s* j# e4 v0 W& e
54. Turning one’s back6 v. U/ E! @7 B z- [" c
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% K. O3 t: o) v2 m
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7 j$ j8 Q$ c) t7 @# C* s8 g7 e% tOstracism of Persons$ t/ V3 g, K0 o) d1 |! \9 K
55. Social boycott
' V! m) L1 @6 E# R7 P5 p 56. Selective social boycott
( z! v7 U7 y; @" y% _ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 `4 D: T( M2 h9 I0 ]8 X 58. Excommunication2 q1 D; q% m+ }
59. Interdict7 F3 s5 ~$ s5 b d) ^ x; a6 u
4 @3 i8 D" @0 x2 d$ P9 xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 x& c) b8 G6 j, Z' h. h& E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 w) X/ c% U5 x! D, T$ ^
61. Boycott of social affairs5 }% b' ^# l) m' }
62. Student strike' g9 N7 h5 [4 V, {6 Q! ] R$ J
63. Social disobedience
3 O0 {" ~& I: G- c; _ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ Y( B& L' ~3 y/ k+ R5 m
8 c5 r1 w* x& iWithdrawal from the Social System; O: t! V0 h, c) v0 B# J
65. Stay-at-home$ ~) C' d# H9 g. P
66. Total personal noncooperation
. Z& R; S4 A. S; [3 j+ c; m 67. “Flight” of workers
1 o& k3 ~8 x3 ]4 Q5 |8 t 68. Sanctuary/ t+ ]- k6 U3 L3 e9 f# _
69. Collective disappearance
) @! r j* O2 V& d, ~: t! y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
4 y4 [2 |& y3 p% w& U9 }
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* F" t; |* S) |7 o8 ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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1 W. H, @- t6 }Actions by Consumers# r4 J& e7 m L# b
71. Consumers’ boycott& w0 R# T( k% q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& f$ { s" @" J
73. Policy of austerity
) v1 z6 W* S9 @. G: X# Y 74. Rent withholding
. |& D6 {6 p; e: }6 D/ G 75. Refusal to rent
6 H1 M5 n5 I/ M6 Z d" a, p( X3 m 76. National consumers’ boycott- B* {8 ^; U1 | w8 D: Z- G
77. International consumers’ boycott( @3 q2 [& j( P8 N' N! C
/ _0 l* G7 N) d) Z. S& wAction by Workers and Producers0 ]7 S. X. W0 }" a
78. Workmen’s boycott
: F( B& u' l6 A; H3 }" }& O 79. Producers’ boycott% T' h* B+ M4 U( Y0 }5 i! f7 a
/ y' r& b+ J7 \% p: l
Action by Middlemen
: }8 K9 P# N4 E/ i2 Y' S; } 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 E) [5 \) n% {) _; ^2 v, `2 D
6 k3 h( Z9 w) |6 h; L6 ]Action by Owners and Management) U9 u/ d& d! y) u% \
81. Traders’ boycott
, T; m7 H5 h" x 82. Refusal to let or sell property
( Z w. E/ x2 Z" q 83. Lockout
, }3 N! C, D5 S k$ z& J/ b 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! N8 K0 P& k. f# v 85. Merchants’ “general strike”) }0 s3 `9 m' A9 R
6 R$ e; C. a z1 u3 U4 j2 H
Action by Holders of Financial Resources: I" z1 w" \( c9 l* x0 w
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 c0 ]6 a4 K9 Z* N 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* G( z! L: V4 S- f0 I
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 o2 {5 V3 u% O* H% p6 O5 \& S 89. Severance of funds and credit
8 `. o+ \! F- z/ ~, P5 e4 n: @ 90. Revenue refusal4 G, S. S# @* G6 F
91. Refusal of a government’s money' G7 Z0 R2 f L) H0 _0 {
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Action by Governments
' \. j8 a1 O% t( [/ O 92. Domestic embargo+ W2 s- p% J: r" W
93. Blacklisting of traders
N6 F3 g$ @+ u/ m5 q9 k 94. International sellers’ embargo
; U4 ]4 _7 \+ @4 ~/ u 95. International buyers’ embargo! g9 b- j+ S: ?
96. International trade embargo) K( ]3 `4 g! v: q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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# O& |" M% c# i* @, `) YSymbolic Strikes0 Q. i) b# L2 ~7 D+ m H
97. Protest strike9 \: q) ~7 N* u& s9 p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ w! ?. W) Q6 W$ i* l; T0 i' X0 n
0 C- [/ C! e# f+ N+ u
Agricultural Strikes
7 X4 T& N) \9 e# g* N" X7 p7 r& \0 y 99. Peasant strike
( p F' n8 h: C 100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 S' g) B& e! _2 Q3 x
& s, r6 T/ [! l5 P, n! Q4 ZStrikes by Special Groups& H* r, e$ z9 Q! B" L# u: c* C
101. Refusal of impressed labor% V: N) H. L( v7 Y# x7 T
102. Prisoners’ strike
# Z, A/ ~7 L* z0 j1 ^- I, {5 |2 R 103. Craft strike R: F7 x9 k( T; t% \! c" ^+ N
104. Professional strike5 w, J! {. ]( M+ m% E# n
" s% z% l+ ]& |$ R7 O, f8 Y% F' u
Ordinary Industrial Strikes& I8 Y2 b. q& c0 T( V; H: z
105. Establishment strike
4 E w) E/ z- O( s3 X' v W 106. Industry strike
( |* @2 G0 L$ k/ h( _* s# Y 107. Sympathetic strike
* g: V& f: s0 v+ a# o6 A7 B
; G U( M9 L4 S: r* r: P0 d3 tRestricted Strikes, k) Q( X" \9 m8 H
108. Detailed strike+ t. V3 ~1 Q" H# u2 [5 g
109. Bumper strike7 P# z; W% [0 a0 ]- a
110. Slowdown strike
4 F9 c6 F+ c7 G 111. Working-to-rule strike
, F% P2 x. U, g 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 D" @( b' Q# j
113. Strike by resignation- W u+ f6 Z r( ^! b$ V
114. Limited strike
, y1 p- V+ c9 e& k 115. Selective strike
2 c7 K. d3 ^9 M/ x. r+ |, _: J9 \
3 W. d; M( }# I4 k z: Z/ oMulti-Industry Strikes/ x) M: \$ e9 M9 A% j
9 C8 l" L% o) J9 p. Y# U 116. Generalized strike4 `; L+ I6 Z! ]! L/ K9 Y# {
5 [4 M% ]8 K" ? z5 G' V
117. General strike5 e$ T( d4 p& \/ j7 x
- U* i3 `* O) fCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! a2 z- ^# e; J2 V, @
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( J S8 H* D) [3 [9 k! h1 C1 \
Rejection of Authority
- F/ U0 c6 I- w. e* X# [0 ?/ v 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* x+ G2 u7 e% [ 121. Refusal of public support
" b! t. M# I( L- u 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance. N! o- {. e. w; p2 ]; ?
/ m5 c0 c4 y$ E6 J3 x) v
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ r4 H1 R+ r% q# [$ ~3 I4 b2 R
123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 Q6 r1 j. O( f* k" d, }2 c
124. Boycott of elections
, H+ z _: @( ~/ r9 J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: b, N2 ?5 @* }2 K$ s5 T 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. D5 b" B3 E7 s: S' Q D& R. g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, n& @4 I( A1 [! L/ D" R
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( r" S/ f1 d" F3 }$ F# L
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. _5 m% j: y8 Z5 V
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: z+ {/ e" C1 w
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 [$ Q' f) Y$ X( s4 V
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 j' n* m, {* A/ Q4 K3 n
/ [4 `/ l/ M* ]- CCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 C+ A W8 M# J, }3 A1 U+ l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) l3 }3 [* u n) C5 l
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 p+ x/ Y4 K* a n
135. Popular nonobedience* P5 I' H4 r+ u3 i" m X; X; z% r+ ]
136. Disguised disobedience
( Z/ u7 H+ ^6 r5 P+ A7 ^6 ]+ v 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 V0 W* C7 G* n& @, E0 P+ Q% l 138. Sitdown
' o) F' N; o/ @7 P5 e( R- L% Y8 i 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 z8 u1 R4 Z* f" W0 J$ b3 Y 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' c: B& w/ G2 p
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 O; m$ r1 k6 B; h$ X/ H2 i1 R1 Z. t j( f
Action by Government Personnel& }$ x ?: S9 b/ ?$ ?3 Q$ o
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 f! ?, Y( W1 t+ \! v& g3 Y# D2 g
143. Blocking of lines of command and information, C9 |4 Z, R. j& J8 h% m* n
144. Stalling and obstruction
2 r+ u+ l* s) H2 J( l) ^- Z 145. General administrative noncooperation- Y c E, V, B0 n, @
8 E" F+ l4 `/ S" i" T 146. Judicial noncooperation
& O1 ]1 p0 @6 S" U 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- f. J0 v( j/ [ 148. Mutiny" R- c' {3 c! d2 z$ K
Domestic Governmental Action) g+ l$ Q7 c1 z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& K7 _, ?* g4 N) R5 U! m
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! j6 ~' i. u* H0 ]) p7 v( t9 w$ X0 J
# S: u* ~$ A- R8 M5 dInternational Governmental Action6 ?' m' g! `- h$ t; t0 A( z0 n
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( J0 a4 v7 V8 v6 _9 U& ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 Z. X ?2 V D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 z V2 n. d- h' b* V
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& M8 e |* h, v! g2 a 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# Y$ l2 h% k' b9 R- y* e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies1 ^. r: c6 o# v- z) t: N
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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3 m! _6 E$ b+ h, ?+ [THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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+ Y. i- z: G: Y5 b$ y7 Q. i! s( [6 ] ' H" {8 l. r0 E2 j/ C6 b8 E' E
Psychological Intervention( F) m$ i" S/ K5 R- z
158. Self-exposure to the elements# o V1 I- Y1 N1 j* o4 i% H' ^
159. The fast5 n( @6 X0 I- K6 M
a) Fast of moral pressure) O |9 i0 J" G# ?1 u
b) Hunger strike, _5 s0 `: d8 ^! _+ v$ e" ^6 w
c) Satyagrahic fast
. L3 j2 M/ ?# p! S$ E; h! @: l/ f 160. Reverse trial
3 a+ _; Z$ i4 J8 _0 Q; Q 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 D7 y$ {/ Y4 n6 a1 {! o- o: Z: j& i. z, _& R W
Physical Intervention
" q1 Z' J+ f5 }9 V8 |& e 162. Sit-in
: u: Q9 j6 U- _- I* {; C 163. Stand-in
, ]; Y8 \3 u2 b/ h H 164. Ride-in* X! P& e: g/ H" \9 ` `0 n- [
165. Wade-in+ m- _ t/ z, i* F9 ]3 d" [
166. Mill-in
; L# u4 S$ X) a+ w& |8 j* D7 u1 U/ e 167. Pray-in
6 ~' t8 ~ G7 j8 W0 p6 H 168. Nonviolent raids
7 d6 D3 l) v8 a$ ?4 Q! P 169. Nonviolent air raids
& z$ \( T# i& u5 b3 y1 u) B 170. Nonviolent invasion0 l+ p7 q, K7 y6 G# C+ E4 a
171. Nonviolent interjection# [1 C* P! D7 Q( P. k) ^! b/ w3 m
172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ A3 D2 d% A; n# d, d- S( o 173. Nonviolent occupation
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z& N0 M) a1 K* ^3 p1 ?Social Intervention( N# N& Z- Y& J( O" k5 S# b4 |# I
174. Establishing new social patterns
5 m7 ?' q d; T# x( Q 175. Overloading of facilities- h9 ~5 c; U+ h1 e, Q5 I: |" _
176. Stall-in
$ m( X! R/ A! |2 l 177. Speak-in8 Q$ t1 G/ j: \6 A: @2 d8 L G
178. Guerrilla theater0 P7 z' G' x7 g* `1 V; l5 [
179. Alternative social institutions
2 f) p! J6 R1 a 180. Alternative communication system) D+ n: o6 R& n1 [2 W/ v
, o$ {& _5 l- E( JEconomic Intervention
& z+ S! V4 O5 f3 g 181. Reverse strike
; I5 H2 J- D2 [+ m 182. Stay-in strike
* `5 L$ [/ I9 ? `" g$ w 183. Nonviolent land seizure
, f5 v4 p( J' j 184. Defiance of blockades
! T8 Z$ x7 U) X! F5 _ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. @+ B& G9 k9 i
186. Preclusive purchasing1 U2 \- Q* V5 j* l7 k! |& z9 f& W
187. Seizure of assets* t- e0 a$ \% m
188. Dumping8 a6 S( L+ }9 z: i
189. Selective patronage
5 Z5 p. f0 L1 D! P; P 190. Alternative markets
R% U- a* f% W2 E: S+ U 191. Alternative transportation systems
* h, S; H9 y9 J; x 192. Alternative economic institutions
" S* q. r1 P) x, G# H/ w
3 G6 I9 R5 P: N: U' f+ ^Political Intervention# L7 C# D. s! ~) @( ^* y
193. Overloading of administrative systems& }) M9 M. J3 q9 t
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) c. H& [. d3 r3 K- } 195. Seeking imprisonment
( A3 ?5 v/ R, | 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( y; x4 Q7 ~7 c0 K& \% O 197. Work-on without collaboration8 |8 V y: L( h4 m6 q, T+ B
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
