 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 W9 x: J# v0 m3 `7 _- b0 KFormal Statements
$ ?, P' D" n5 y" E0 F7 y" ?$ Q! `1 h2 G 1. Public Speeches2 ^' h6 U* C7 \# _" f) B. |3 W. q
2. Letters of opposition or support5 K1 @7 R5 T, T( Y) |" U% {! L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% p: e% m, K' A" S! R U4 z
4. Signed public statements
% L% ]7 y$ Q# i! ?1 C# e% E' X% i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
' r" v1 C. h0 h( L4 E 6. Group or mass petitions
1 r( {% _; n7 _8 Q) A- ~) \6 E3 M8 ]2 M$ p' M& S
Communications with a Wider Audience6 [6 X+ X" ~ }6 q. n
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 _$ k0 t& w0 F# j: t& l
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications8 E& l( R0 a/ \ y" A' M
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books3 P9 f4 P/ Z3 t) q
10. Newspapers and journals. _/ \7 } ]( M$ t5 y2 L9 k/ H
11. Records, radio, and television: z7 g5 v& W2 Q$ B* |) P2 [
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; H, G% Y" Z2 m0 z# t Y% H% z6 C6 o% B- c( c4 M1 z [
Group Representations
6 ?. F) ]3 q6 q: Q 13. Deputations6 ^ a1 X" K2 j
14. Mock awards
3 e [; O& J( }$ l) g 15. Group lobbying0 _% x" Y& B% k, t* u" Y1 {
16. Picketing4 A& f& v) x' @( F, C5 r
17. Mock elections
+ f g4 ?2 L# x# y& p8 b& V" \% H9 l
Symbolic Public Acts' Q2 b/ W; D2 N; A' l
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 |: z: M" Q9 s7 `3 ^, E" K 19. Wearing of symbols
9 ^ `) O1 V& ?: H5 \) J 20. Prayer and worship& _; d( W, p+ I, N
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 @$ \" x6 T# x) z& \6 O0 B# h 22. Protest disrobings
0 N5 P( O0 r$ @3 D 23. Destruction of own property: O1 X" C% h" T [5 G
24. Symbolic lights
; D0 ~5 @- S. O& n4 c9 T 25. Displays of portraits$ l, [# b* w2 H$ Q3 @8 @1 P' L; e
26. Paint as protest
9 A e3 J) h: d! x2 v 27. New signs and names( ?" e4 a2 M+ }) w
28. Symbolic sounds
- H- c7 u4 U, O9 M5 b5 t$ W4 d 29. Symbolic reclamations% v# _! K+ e: D; G% Y. P
30. Rude gestures& ?, J7 L0 s' D" C- m
7 {/ P! L, c D& W; v, aPressures on Individuals2 x. m8 }4 J3 p
31. “Haunting” officials
" j; h7 ?, E- ~ x+ o0 B. n5 H 32. Taunting officials
; a$ x& k5 }8 j9 T, t$ _7 L. n 33. Fraternization6 ~; x7 b/ I/ r
34. Vigils. q. V( w( p( \2 [$ x# o. I
2 S" ~4 Q/ z. @5 n! m1 j+ P5 b; H
Drama and Music
( p& b ^ J" l$ J: l 35. Humorous skits and pranks* T* }6 {3 w. O7 a/ u( j0 X) i
36. Performances of plays and music
+ A: v0 g* o8 P0 l1 N. g) y. o" C0 b 37. Singing' P8 P2 w2 k- }" [5 z3 O
3 U$ x: r* _0 u/ DProcessions2 _# |3 o0 E) ]4 t7 f7 P- x, h
38. Marches5 j* {% V, J# N5 b" L
39. Parades
& F, g" ^1 ?0 {! k% y8 I 40. Religious processions
) U7 o2 x% w5 l 41. Pilgrimages
+ e$ b; M- J% [, C 42. Motorcades+ L: p! |* e+ t- }
3 b' \! a2 V. O2 b1 b" e
Honoring the Dead
# a ~" v9 h1 X 43. Political mourning
& o7 s) z; ?0 i3 r) b 44. Mock funerals6 g: a# n/ S% U$ H
45. Demonstrative funerals0 N) T' b; b6 Y; e3 q
46. Homage at burial places
+ O+ _- N* U, n% a9 y( z
3 `* W. z1 B# y4 C% k2 dPublic Assemblies
# ]: H' y7 [0 D9 h% O5 R- d 47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 P$ R. A- I, i 48. Protest meetings1 O: c# Y( A8 _
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) R0 n) X. Z- M$ V$ G
50. Teach-ins
# T5 e, d" e, F0 n1 W. s1 T
7 P/ M: }* d J9 XWithdrawal and Renunciation
# _7 w0 Y" _+ J: O 51. Walk-outs
7 b3 U& T1 v; R& Q; s3 R& U 52. Silence+ z) H4 g* l, f$ @7 J, E2 b
53. Renouncing honors) k9 B; P9 r$ D7 |( e* x# N$ B/ `& ^, \
54. Turning one’s back
- H3 f+ G4 c D1 i4 q# Z
1 `: C4 ?3 Z# y$ z; @4 ]9 ^2 Q 8 s, y+ Q# h' h% L/ J* y
5 D6 Q" J% i7 Y* zTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 Z4 T9 \: J, k. Z4 }, l! M
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2 {' F3 v0 \/ w' ?3 G+ I, ~+ H# e
/ [! W7 I, }! Y' @Ostracism of Persons9 \$ s1 ^" A6 u* D1 B
55. Social boycott
2 D# Y z$ O0 H+ }5 |" B: h 56. Selective social boycott
' I3 W1 H) ^3 P! @ 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 A5 ^% ?% c! \
58. Excommunication+ [8 Q/ y8 Y+ O/ b# A9 s
59. Interdict; O) B' m1 d3 B$ i# I6 V& o
) r: m& B& r) s. S4 WNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) _* L% d# {/ j* A4 a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 [% g( A$ m: {- O0 w0 v8 Y+ s5 D) Z 61. Boycott of social affairs1 o# D' p! O. k# M3 h
62. Student strike
, T/ d; }7 {, C4 n t4 j 63. Social disobedience
T/ H1 B' N/ j 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ B- w2 M7 v* P& c6 I& k9 u. P
/ a- a0 c w8 \1 s. JWithdrawal from the Social System7 X& ?9 R @- o
65. Stay-at-home1 T! s5 ?8 R0 F+ K, n
66. Total personal noncooperation
7 Q4 R9 Z4 M2 l4 w 67. “Flight” of workers8 J# C$ h5 M# ]) Q2 k/ u
68. Sanctuary+ Y. M* L @9 _, S
69. Collective disappearance' c" h1 j1 a @4 M2 O9 Q2 T4 d
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& H0 l2 D" @8 R3 A: N& a
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a, z7 @: s" _" m% ]' ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS, }4 B1 y, f- Z+ T
6 m% ?0 m- [5 |8 x' c: ] & U2 P+ R: Q8 |! C- C6 e5 o: u
Actions by Consumers) }' h( ?/ M) W! U2 M
71. Consumers’ boycott: ^, g$ |( p+ o. j2 t; m: p( g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: c0 V2 `, L+ P& F' z
73. Policy of austerity- C( Z9 Q/ n, R3 z D% j; t
74. Rent withholding
8 Y' e$ C& B& o! p 75. Refusal to rent
1 n: _2 O% F" f& U- s 76. National consumers’ boycott: [. a/ h1 P Q. D8 L0 A
77. International consumers’ boycott
3 s, {4 k6 K6 I, S' E
% D: L* a$ w2 _+ _1 l+ X* i, M% ZAction by Workers and Producers! c+ d0 u" u5 E! z4 B
78. Workmen’s boycott
7 U% _& u% |" @ a 79. Producers’ boycott
+ k: w- Y4 `1 q2 k. L, q
# A& r: T. I' h; `: E0 l rAction by Middlemen
; p; ~& I+ b, u8 J+ s& M% J 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
8 r0 g' e" C0 p, \" J5 P3 K* V! J
Action by Owners and Management9 w7 \" F! H% ~/ X& |
81. Traders’ boycott4 M: T$ g( W6 a" l1 D9 O
82. Refusal to let or sell property
) T. y7 {9 K$ `' ]" d- { 83. Lockout
) D& B3 c, }2 \/ @- A; n 84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 \$ _) M4 v) h8 Z. W7 {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 h W$ t+ x6 D4 ~5 }% X [& u5 P6 D
( h, E9 m# f" c1 D* dAction by Holders of Financial Resources4 Q0 M8 `7 _7 o$ ]" V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ w D! L/ ^7 S' B
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% m! ]2 N% }1 q' |' c 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( O, d4 C) K- A* B% q
89. Severance of funds and credit
$ r& e) Q1 [0 o5 K, h9 d+ | 90. Revenue refusal
( ^. T# @* R& d' @- y! y' Y& x 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 G$ {2 C5 ^* ^; _& Q5 g3 U* ?2 B) |# f% A: z. \+ ^
Action by Governments
7 i4 S: E4 g4 x V* D) N; b" [ 92. Domestic embargo
) Q, e0 K- S- U" R 93. Blacklisting of traders
0 X1 Q2 `( L5 R" ~* j" q& O 94. International sellers’ embargo5 |4 |1 D9 J$ v
95. International buyers’ embargo# p& ^( V1 I* M) y
96. International trade embargo
8 q6 e& |% W( F# ^( ^) J
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 t, I9 N; s) d" t& ]
9 i3 b/ J+ @# p- t6 i
: D4 Z. }7 p- g1 ]% H: H6 xSymbolic Strikes$ d: F Y0 v4 ]* Y/ I* C* i
97. Protest strike/ W E3 u1 K+ J2 X9 \' e
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 a# H4 z; b Q5 y4 A
% ]- i$ |- P7 z& d8 ~) MAgricultural Strikes
+ @# ~- J$ K+ J' H 99. Peasant strike9 k, @& t9 s6 s8 |5 b- L/ y/ D
100. Farm Workers’ strike- Y9 |! u$ E! E1 Y
; q8 \3 D3 @: s* Y: Y& _% [# |Strikes by Special Groups
% m4 r% u a9 g3 ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
' Z( }& _% a8 T/ z 102. Prisoners’ strike4 K0 V/ F9 e* S$ l$ t3 `
103. Craft strike
3 x. ]% c$ [ \2 a- D) v4 s/ d# K 104. Professional strike* c7 l/ f' u h" g
. X/ e7 t2 s6 U6 c4 Z' r3 KOrdinary Industrial Strikes
& j$ G! l* a( U% o3 n' r8 l 105. Establishment strike9 f- E& ], c' ^, F; V
106. Industry strike
i- x6 U: q$ [! C% R' A# m 107. Sympathetic strike: I2 a7 t, d( H+ ] Q
) p K3 y5 j+ H3 x( b7 ZRestricted Strikes: V+ K' ^. `# y2 e) b% w7 ~
108. Detailed strike
2 g- s6 K: r | 109. Bumper strike
$ }# O4 r) Q6 E7 Y 110. Slowdown strike7 B8 [& m } y+ h
111. Working-to-rule strike
3 z* R3 V3 o9 s7 I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) Q# K: h% X/ d/ k' S" s3 w; W' R
113. Strike by resignation
5 g, i$ E, W" U8 _: K& ~ 114. Limited strike
' F3 R# ?" w9 ^. u+ g1 ?( r 115. Selective strike0 @; O0 B# w4 O6 N. O! y) Z
* A0 m9 i! @0 v9 [" n3 ^
Multi-Industry Strikes$ I9 r9 t4 Q2 C
* A- W2 {' n* k o
116. Generalized strike
4 s9 g4 W1 ]$ e% y. i4 u3 z/ Y$ U% p1 r
. [5 b0 G. o0 B 117. General strike9 K3 o. k, _: ^) B; n0 R
7 u5 @$ q4 |) o8 R
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) p h, b* h' D; ?
, V% S& w/ h+ v# u+ H, I 118. Hartal
4 G! i: s& ] Q. s0 X
1 E; s2 x0 s u% H. k 119. Economic shutdown: j% B3 H& Z& x+ P: ^
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. C: y" b. H! j/ F' V' A. JTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, C9 u' z- B1 l5 o3 _$ T
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Rejection of Authority
0 J5 k4 [% U& { m; n j6 F/ ? 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. i% K; ]$ G+ A8 t. W 121. Refusal of public support
' y: Q3 K. e$ c 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 V$ m! y; U; z" {* U) J2 `8 R/ Z$ F4 E9 i# s( W( V9 M
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ o( o4 x. V( G. b1 Y. k; J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 w; b ?# [ Y. \ }
124. Boycott of elections
/ }# U4 G% ]: E( H! A c 125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ E2 H( ^7 Z! w) m2 o% |% y" e
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# T) Z7 l! |- S, Q6 W% O0 u0 M2 \8 O 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. n* G" R, R6 j8 l- d$ d5 g 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ S0 j; p, \7 o" S 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 s: W, |1 I: w: M( |. v- K/ }
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! G- R- R2 @* t5 X. v8 w
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials5 p K8 _$ i1 D# w9 d
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( S0 W( Y2 n9 E$ b
" r1 }9 o' _: x/ y3 ]2 L3 @6 N* gCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' s6 r% n6 f0 F. H
133. Reluctant and slow compliance: Y4 [. m* ]& U( V
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 s: E2 N1 x) g* l 135. Popular nonobedience$ V% E" v- x: f# i& @* f7 ~
136. Disguised disobedience f/ Q( t3 @7 w' A2 P% E1 Q0 G+ j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* h5 q6 G* A$ C) U+ W1 T; e 138. Sitdown
3 t/ s$ D9 x5 x2 Y8 T- g+ ] 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 M1 u$ F; h- O3 Q9 ^ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# H) w8 o! m0 ]) _ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 [: @ @' l' O ?* L1 g# s, h7 Y/ g7 d: G+ R
Action by Government Personnel
/ M* I2 R" _3 n" L' \) t+ z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 u' O. H! v, O& H# F3 x8 H- n
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& m; d, o1 ~, S! |- u5 q0 r' \, [ 144. Stalling and obstruction1 b6 J+ c4 [3 r) O3 `
145. General administrative noncooperation
' B8 h, G8 E" @& l3 [) j, [8 ]9 C2 ]
146. Judicial noncooperation
: @) K2 p6 P% G$ v, o 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# M( v3 t* L: ]# L9 [
148. Mutiny
. m5 s% L z1 _" f- I4 CDomestic Governmental Action
9 f' Z" O* p5 H$ T% s 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. D( ]! k3 |8 ?
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 Y' f4 j) o: Y- e7 }8 _
4 ?. z; y P5 g, L
International Governmental Action8 a/ @$ g |# X
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" {/ E% f; F4 h4 \5 v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ W) q4 I3 [+ d. u6 A% k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 n( E! z& K2 k
154. Severance of diplomatic relations; r: ?4 U" _$ f
155. Withdrawal from international organizations, L6 _4 c2 z" J6 t. W8 ^7 G
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 z' r% ^5 _2 j4 p 157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 y7 T3 f! X- Z8 _9 n9 [4 n3 S$ P' o/ w! ]1 `/ z6 R/ i
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* ?# _, r9 N# _2 b* K
: Z5 D7 r+ s6 N
$ O" v% A0 ` Q5 @! F" H( r0 ]Psychological Intervention
0 M g' }" W1 @. \% D 158. Self-exposure to the elements' F9 ]' H5 `2 U6 b4 t
159. The fast
v; k, U/ c* M0 Y, \+ S2 L a) Fast of moral pressure
, G% ^# J, [, u0 ? b) Hunger strike, r1 c3 A# J* b7 D8 B8 {* ]
c) Satyagrahic fast
9 Z% T7 C8 O; Q9 C5 R 160. Reverse trial
3 L0 b" P& y% r$ i1 v 161. Nonviolent harassment
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3 n' d' ]. ~ PPhysical Intervention
/ o7 D+ g$ P5 l 162. Sit-in
3 }. ?- I6 I+ u2 V0 U 163. Stand-in+ r& a% r) r! n$ Z* _7 {
164. Ride-in+ P+ X; x8 \) ~& [5 m0 Z
165. Wade-in, y0 m. _. o# Y2 i$ F7 k
166. Mill-in R2 ~$ L# S! ?2 k2 }3 T& Z
167. Pray-in* l! F8 U: n9 P `' f, M5 p- f
168. Nonviolent raids
+ U' Q, C; I8 F1 B- r 169. Nonviolent air raids
& ]6 f1 l" C4 O2 L5 G5 N 170. Nonviolent invasion/ p m, B( i0 L& ^
171. Nonviolent interjection
& l0 I7 s: A" ? B1 F' O: D h( P 172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 d# b9 Z, w/ ^" t; {$ a) T 173. Nonviolent occupation W& E. t1 P( E
4 G- }0 W; z$ E5 J5 BSocial Intervention6 ]- L6 I" O" ~- [
174. Establishing new social patterns- f d1 ^9 X( W5 V% ~
175. Overloading of facilities
# N- L6 U$ J, e. b 176. Stall-in
! R7 Q, H3 `$ o5 R5 m9 `! a A4 I ] 177. Speak-in
$ @. ^6 Y& V! U w E 178. Guerrilla theater5 G4 L! y. ~; x. ?$ ?6 }7 ]
179. Alternative social institutions
0 T9 S; | B. [1 c' |8 \ 180. Alternative communication system' B. ]: c2 g" X5 I$ c
7 p" X) a4 \, t% K" g% w: GEconomic Intervention
1 ^4 R: q! _0 I) c0 O2 ] i+ { 181. Reverse strike
0 |# H$ r& o$ D6 w 182. Stay-in strike
?+ I7 o! R9 r) @3 Z' J8 w+ \ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
j, D# m2 v0 M, o- _. K 184. Defiance of blockades& o* p2 P- t: M$ p" b3 J" X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 G& B5 a! I1 X# [/ Q 186. Preclusive purchasing
, D3 \9 h1 ]* v 187. Seizure of assets
6 U0 ?( I* ~& g3 o0 ^# M6 _ 188. Dumping& T; D" Q: {( j' ]
189. Selective patronage
" h4 t1 M$ @6 |- |! t1 D" @# J 190. Alternative markets5 [0 e) O6 Y. ]6 ]% f
191. Alternative transportation systems) \" a. C5 \% U4 k4 @* \
192. Alternative economic institutions( I7 y$ X, ^; \: F% l
; {+ H' G' }3 O( oPolitical Intervention
* G; |+ s+ s! t% W$ ?$ ?+ t 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- ^' N9 K; u/ e6 s) N. [1 N2 _; K 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) m9 I; ^% U8 c
195. Seeking imprisonment
+ `$ y; P' `7 x+ T 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws( y) `) e# b0 u2 @ O* Y1 ]9 l* r2 _
197. Work-on without collaboration3 b& Q) }0 L2 ]/ T5 {6 f0 v
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' @6 M: k# k, r6 u! n* p$ w( a
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
