 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( Y4 }" g) \1 D% b; m4 q
Formal Statements' Q( C5 ?4 H \( ^ j) y3 p
1. Public Speeches- q0 Z6 ^& A" G. Q5 s2 ^- b
2. Letters of opposition or support
5 m5 ^5 W8 r; R2 Z" z( Q3 d 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% x0 l* C/ g# A. w
4. Signed public statements
9 `; f& @0 {9 R l ~! v 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ t! N# O- f. z5 C" p5 W 6. Group or mass petitions
% r7 a7 U5 @1 Z3 c. `* d7 E1 S4 m6 g. p' g+ D, [& A# m- `
Communications with a Wider Audience
[2 @3 Z! ^2 n+ f 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) e H. A2 x" {+ a 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 _0 I% Z! M7 K$ f# o 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' w: n' J" I. }; w4 M 10. Newspapers and journals
; I( E; N6 X1 L* r 11. Records, radio, and television' U* R( y) [; r) ?; N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting. d, U- Z1 E( p( X6 E& u6 `5 ]
$ p: A% [4 M7 d- @
Group Representations
( d+ a4 p* d2 U D) F3 |! R 13. Deputations
. B" }: ~: R( V) V8 r3 V3 ^ J 14. Mock awards) X% H* }0 i1 T8 m
15. Group lobbying
% j* t1 Z7 `$ i w+ P 16. Picketing7 Z; ]6 f% M" b4 E
17. Mock elections5 A& H$ W, b5 g+ u6 ]- c
) B, C' e* x. Z- Q b8 T% `Symbolic Public Acts2 Y- H1 e' G m* ?2 U
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 c& R3 a% D. d. a* g) P
19. Wearing of symbols# c. c7 i$ u0 f% C- a8 y
20. Prayer and worship
. S1 y4 X V7 ]/ b: _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects. m h6 B, S. u' N
22. Protest disrobings
9 `- M1 K- [; T, N2 P 23. Destruction of own property
6 W5 O* W9 W K0 K 24. Symbolic lights3 M) [/ a; n5 `; V+ P$ K, q0 W
25. Displays of portraits
# v, a% D7 r+ X3 t& \) s# b0 O 26. Paint as protest9 b0 ^3 U' _) L$ F5 J* {
27. New signs and names4 k( m7 }" v7 s2 A3 J9 u' }7 c9 D7 a
28. Symbolic sounds
" E" p+ R- S6 g: _/ P7 l 29. Symbolic reclamations6 P9 U4 @$ v0 K0 x7 {/ s
30. Rude gestures I/ x* z+ S- O+ A
: U9 Y3 D E+ W9 h! f, b: tPressures on Individuals Z. _7 o) O& `5 M2 o u
31. “Haunting” officials( b* E; C" R" z! _7 o$ f A
32. Taunting officials
% i) i! V6 p9 y1 r7 P 33. Fraternization
8 X5 a7 _: W* J' B1 C+ Z 34. Vigils/ W( H6 W! m1 m( `
9 s6 m' b4 J* v& q8 P3 e- zDrama and Music+ q" s& T. M. t/ Y: `; r5 n
35. Humorous skits and pranks
* H, `) O6 J& s2 o) H 36. Performances of plays and music' i4 T6 n9 F! ~, k
37. Singing/ l' ~4 w$ i1 e
3 I k( ^! Q" i2 C6 C, }/ r3 ~Processions0 R6 I s8 |. R$ s# }' B, S1 W1 M
38. Marches
0 ~) {' c6 A; i 39. Parades! g2 }* B: F; }3 g) ?
40. Religious processions3 e& e" w5 q3 \6 j) Z. e& o
41. Pilgrimages }7 a$ V4 |8 m
42. Motorcades' Q: F0 A G: ^2 @
7 C' Z) B6 @6 D% t; e* {$ P
Honoring the Dead
) f- J. ^& [- B 43. Political mourning g: j A3 K9 W6 U
44. Mock funerals
. {+ M( g# Q/ p, O. Z 45. Demonstrative funerals, U3 M% M6 i9 e# {
46. Homage at burial places3 I5 h- _4 }2 A! a: X# Y
# }; B! P5 d, Z
Public Assemblies" f; _0 s- [. S2 _
47. Assemblies of protest or support5 N+ q& C) f! T; n, f8 d! c9 D, N
48. Protest meetings
; X r1 E; q$ d1 Y5 M* W$ O 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 `# G" |/ I% m1 y0 b8 [ 50. Teach-ins& i0 t( h# L/ O
/ k- |& T: S4 ]) E3 y4 LWithdrawal and Renunciation0 C/ G; C' Y7 v3 @" P/ z5 t! N9 e
51. Walk-outs
( m+ h/ M% @4 j) F+ R& g9 [ 52. Silence
1 w# F0 @$ b6 @, }/ E2 T' H% Y1 B 53. Renouncing honors+ @/ b/ j" f* H ~% R
54. Turning one’s back
% Y7 V4 |/ F! W$ V
/ }3 m' Q# B* q6 e. e0 W6 ] : i8 F8 U) M/ I" g* i% ~2 t
& N- q( w; G' |. d( u* c" V0 l
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 a( I& g: j& W( s# s, I3 B
4 ^9 {% v3 p; M* |- O8 M ! n- G! ~* R/ X. M
0 }6 _+ ^$ }0 D" K5 U$ |4 _
Ostracism of Persons/ y5 a5 }+ e% ~; i( p" {+ [
55. Social boycott
7 L+ F+ O% ~9 t% ]2 d 56. Selective social boycott0 k2 t, k1 h3 c* v8 x! C
57. Lysistratic nonaction
- U$ \: x% e5 g+ Y5 W+ i4 j: Q1 Y 58. Excommunication
/ u D8 x. y1 [- T, g9 ]0 Z) r 59. Interdict) T0 u( ?5 J7 g: q9 M' l
7 C* O9 r- j/ ]% ^' ^, @/ zNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ X. u& D7 G" e$ f- d' u0 D
60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ A* L# c! w/ B' D" E d1 P4 X9 H# o
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 c7 P% H2 O3 l/ _2 Z 62. Student strike
4 w% ^3 s/ f' E0 F4 k( Z 63. Social disobedience% y! E% e# U k
64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ e! u6 \8 r8 Y4 ~
' S6 W# x& t- o
Withdrawal from the Social System! l" N' _$ O% h9 ~1 G3 X+ X
65. Stay-at-home
- j9 C. l- d- E! d 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ ~$ v- z' d; l b: S$ i( C 67. “Flight” of workers
. T) V4 M* ]0 y! K 68. Sanctuary
0 k6 c" W) ^: B& f 69. Collective disappearance) k7 G( Q( u2 W! ~7 O0 _& L4 D# C
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 z4 F4 I: f* R
; O( u0 H8 l7 N2 p / {9 V( U T' T5 u1 i
/ C( b j& ~4 Q* HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 n, Z1 y( o6 A
5 B7 \3 T5 ~. e& p) N- o
- \% U; B+ _" S- F! qActions by Consumers
! e$ }" [3 T9 s0 b; d" x1 o3 M 71. Consumers’ boycott, I, p0 X$ L5 p! ?
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 [6 c$ \5 C3 |: d6 o% o 73. Policy of austerity/ G" L( V% ^9 H6 [* A
74. Rent withholding
5 z, m% o# F: Q5 ~( F3 L 75. Refusal to rent0 ]) K \ f0 t/ m
76. National consumers’ boycott2 l3 N/ I5 @- l/ @- l/ v) Y# b
77. International consumers’ boycott6 H- |) j+ ~2 W$ t% R
! w! [$ ?! [$ d) d7 Z' u0 P' _
Action by Workers and Producers
: n* |& w8 G0 ^. x8 g3 x! V 78. Workmen’s boycott
; F. o8 R' x3 X' H+ p- S/ o. K. h 79. Producers’ boycott! ^2 a1 I {- v6 F
+ s) L, E$ `8 T8 [% l4 XAction by Middlemen
y; g% H: V g1 O, _5 O$ a 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 G0 \& R2 [1 m3 k* C* N/ {
& |' r1 X3 A; b- Y* g4 F( P" l$ zAction by Owners and Management
5 J) e8 C$ b, m$ m) g 81. Traders’ boycott
' x0 r" U/ o4 Q) o1 p9 G( {) V 82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 L# c. `; T. d$ a, l. g 83. Lockout2 G7 m$ f0 |* |- r* P, a( T4 w8 T
84. Refusal of industrial assistance) w% Z2 h) E9 w7 K! f+ e6 L
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' O6 O' I# I ^0 L0 w' R" ?' d. g" P( z2 r' \# u
Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 Z$ t v+ v, M3 A2 b" e
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 u6 g0 v0 b" c% a, z' z$ z5 _. ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: L2 u& J/ F6 q0 H0 L. F
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ N+ y4 a* c9 K6 Y8 t 89. Severance of funds and credit
$ T/ Y3 y* Z: m9 m% I! `& p% B 90. Revenue refusal% y9 J8 T9 {5 o% a
91. Refusal of a government’s money8 j- _- l% u+ s$ u3 V% Q- F
3 v+ N5 k# I! b5 Q+ \( G- j: [Action by Governments
5 ~4 W: t: `# @ 92. Domestic embargo
' k* a+ U1 U0 e3 P 93. Blacklisting of traders
8 m* g( u9 y0 x8 E4 `* T/ Y 94. International sellers’ embargo% v. F4 {* C# `, s' ?; p
95. International buyers’ embargo
; O" q- w( F( e8 P" `/ Q 96. International trade embargo
5 [5 _# @7 C H! s K4 C0 L( _
: y- n, V& ~+ A" z " C6 C! K% w y* n! o
5 o/ l3 q- C* ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
4 W, G- |, F+ G5 G G
5 D2 s! B m4 ~) P* K
9 A0 o' V4 U9 |! ySymbolic Strikes
, F9 a! \) r% Q) }6 ]% V 97. Protest strike
1 q" _) \1 l( ^$ y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): f+ r8 ?* ^" c, R
, S6 M& F5 t# e: A, k: Q; I
Agricultural Strikes; v/ j1 R2 b$ B' ~! ?& U
99. Peasant strike
9 y* k7 \. Z# d7 O+ S 100. Farm Workers’ strike+ \ t* z; F% Y5 T3 d
$ | Q% u5 y$ A" G& b
Strikes by Special Groups
' L5 x7 S0 E' M/ P; ~2 ?4 q3 d 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 f8 Y, r! f* ? }/ F% d; |# \ 102. Prisoners’ strike' y0 G: f& t3 G
103. Craft strike
" u7 z Y% y! ]4 ~6 v: ] 104. Professional strike% ~- Z0 ]* h" t# j
/ `9 e% m! L& T+ T" {+ ^ N
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
2 B# g% F0 T9 e8 d7 B/ i& D: u) s/ ^ 105. Establishment strike
8 o! |# ?2 s' @+ f: z7 R8 Q 106. Industry strike% S8 R6 v( C3 f- ?4 j1 f' T
107. Sympathetic strike
( _3 i3 t/ ~$ B% T7 e7 c0 u6 q8 ~
( B D( C" E& K$ kRestricted Strikes
2 ~- A( u. @$ i2 ?3 y 108. Detailed strike
- o5 O( o$ Y5 N' L 109. Bumper strike" W0 v3 S; M3 d: G
110. Slowdown strike6 s; E* i6 }) a+ G/ b
111. Working-to-rule strike
1 _2 ?5 |+ O9 l; q1 x! J& Z( {& Q) a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 B1 s ~1 ?, _/ e S& k( r
113. Strike by resignation8 H3 `* k) X1 E) |. ?
114. Limited strike! P: ]' M0 |8 i |3 c; r3 u
115. Selective strike0 ?/ ~) x3 o8 z4 d* \2 R
. K) X$ X% q) r% c7 @* r
Multi-Industry Strikes* R" b4 ^. u% m
4 @4 {: k) d1 s/ e7 A! L. ] 116. Generalized strike; U( T% f7 o5 L \& j4 H1 S
: W3 D1 M6 `$ c7 u6 Y: I( F- M 117. General strike
+ k- B9 B3 P7 X0 u5 E( T2 {1 `+ ]0 _& l: [$ D/ j
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 H! [4 |8 e% M$ `' a. P7 J$ ~0 p6 T7 ?
118. Hartal& b$ `: d1 l- b( G; q3 }
" T& E/ @+ v: i
119. Economic shutdown
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0 _( _6 k, ^9 p: [2 w/ Q. O - E1 Y! G" d# J& b- C; n
& i# ^9 L1 V' u( B5 ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 ?# g0 Y% ~) [0 M) ^9 W h( a" ?' ]1 }6 N( X/ }# a
0 }5 i, p# ~9 l dRejection of Authority3 \3 w; g7 a% q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- |# ] a/ b& \1 b5 P. ?
121. Refusal of public support9 `" [3 Q: P- J+ V- h" n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 a: u. L- U* i1 C' n4 u
3 k/ C3 O1 M2 C5 g& @8 p
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: W' j% X* l+ k M4 A/ \ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 |. b" o' `; t1 J4 m* H 124. Boycott of elections
4 z3 Z; ^9 M9 f: v P. e 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- O8 X0 `3 t0 f: ^' e! |/ ?
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 ~7 m6 Z! ~& a, [) |* c
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 r( e: X; _) U
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
x9 y8 [6 U: X8 u: B: k9 f8 F 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' z& L D' _ s- O 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' K9 z4 k* l* N& h; g# c) T/ A+ ?( a N 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; y( d7 t- J; u% k
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 U8 S5 }; D; F
7 q" x# _3 R$ o4 C1 W
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 ?/ l% i* `, C( V( f
133. Reluctant and slow compliance) ~0 o0 ^& d% |1 F
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- f, \! X. m( p7 Z
135. Popular nonobedience
6 l: O- k8 X5 N; C 136. Disguised disobedience7 |/ y4 f# x, v- H. U
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 B) D7 b0 y4 u, ]* s: x# b6 U4 F. H 138. Sitdown
- J* X, @# _$ w1 L3 }% i$ T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: z' t ?5 y) x6 B6 x ?7 _: c
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ W: m; Q' v2 g! t 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
R% q! D3 l, b& g# B
1 j! T" m+ D/ Q9 q6 Q! mAction by Government Personnel
: `4 H! _ ^2 V4 F; {, P' t 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 e$ |9 _9 S: {6 G; u+ A3 O
143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 l$ w6 z5 f4 W# d( p9 C
144. Stalling and obstruction' |4 V7 D! B( c7 Y8 J, Y
145. General administrative noncooperation
' m B7 y" y5 S1 v5 O* {. K
* k9 N% W' Z) f) o7 ^ 146. Judicial noncooperation
- S% G/ Y3 ~* L d" ^ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents v; o, F$ ~0 Q* E: T! }
148. Mutiny
: K/ R: w. T0 q$ b+ ^0 rDomestic Governmental Action% H) `) M" t+ q* p; N8 K' W. P( q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ p6 O4 X9 \4 Q' G7 _# i6 @
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: Y$ ]9 T# [5 E$ O8 u
! ]8 y1 y2 [3 X HInternational Governmental Action
) M* K; z) O* L# t t 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 v8 j( O" d, }1 R) V" q: j
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" \2 T' H$ `' z3 i 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! K; q6 J! S7 @
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ g& Z- V7 {! c8 A) H 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- t% y; c1 Q; ^" o( { 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; ^/ K! V/ s6 D$ ?# e6 A: x 157. Expulsion from international organizations
9 M2 S6 V' O7 s0 b. N1 ~9 N. c' n* V
1 V8 N0 c! j! H# q* |; s1 W* [
+ [8 A! o, `' X- A: {/ }" h
$ q( p7 M. S4 B+ F/ rTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
2 [3 D3 }! F* y, i2 s) x9 L& C/ S" f i) p- R. t& W2 r
" r/ }; G* m# ~: i- G6 aPsychological Intervention2 w3 H/ @# U: Y# ~' l
158. Self-exposure to the elements- E4 e7 \) ?0 K
159. The fast
" w1 A+ @' k7 J. B a) Fast of moral pressure
) O8 \& Q1 F) K b) Hunger strike
5 o# K3 r7 G3 | c) Satyagrahic fast( F& W3 t( }9 J! ^
160. Reverse trial
$ t0 l) b: h7 k' m 161. Nonviolent harassment; P; Z. g6 }, f0 F2 Z7 Y
7 t4 z/ m. C$ s8 wPhysical Intervention
3 W- A7 r5 I4 ?+ X6 ]7 }) I 162. Sit-in% ?( t0 j z7 [* Q. r
163. Stand-in3 D$ v/ r2 P- H2 x
164. Ride-in" O% z( U- G8 `4 z: m- V
165. Wade-in! V/ l. j7 W* ~. Q0 {1 i0 r
166. Mill-in! @" `1 L$ c' u5 j
167. Pray-in3 u9 @2 q2 y( v; s- B
168. Nonviolent raids& M2 @0 R# k! d* x6 b7 c
169. Nonviolent air raids' p, M- Y' M0 q- A f, Q
170. Nonviolent invasion, G6 y* P2 t( l, n
171. Nonviolent interjection
% l& s+ e; D9 ]5 J8 R' P+ W4 D 172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 R6 H( [+ P/ @ 173. Nonviolent occupation
. R9 O/ }7 E/ ?( P
% D7 F2 C) h" K9 ^% T- oSocial Intervention: x) @+ U' e0 g5 A1 c: A* O
174. Establishing new social patterns
2 T2 p3 ], C! l0 Z. o 175. Overloading of facilities9 M' U1 r2 V x( _
176. Stall-in2 h+ a6 m& S: t
177. Speak-in
1 K+ R& } L! g2 j# i7 g1 w" { 178. Guerrilla theater7 f F/ y. T) c
179. Alternative social institutions
! o- ?, C: |/ p 180. Alternative communication system8 I3 I3 D( Y3 x
5 R8 G9 T9 Q, Q) E9 a& MEconomic Intervention3 H8 b! ^5 E4 `/ b* T$ ~
181. Reverse strike
1 i% A* N5 _$ Z& G3 A' u 182. Stay-in strike
; T6 I# w3 j4 V9 h* H 183. Nonviolent land seizure
" v! k3 C t4 L/ { 184. Defiance of blockades
0 _3 g+ r' ?+ Y4 n4 O 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% a3 c ]: a' F ]5 s: f _+ ] 186. Preclusive purchasing
+ E; f# x3 `1 V$ L1 | 187. Seizure of assets
' g, T- e# d: G$ b! S0 z/ p) J 188. Dumping
( f [ Y$ H. k- G; J9 T9 ?+ \ 189. Selective patronage
3 T. o) N+ C- V 190. Alternative markets7 R. x9 w( [' I: W7 K# C3 |
191. Alternative transportation systems$ h+ B3 z5 P4 K
192. Alternative economic institutions
, G& S' L% O, {5 y8 I; A! y1 M, a# ~
Political Intervention4 d! d) z$ g+ D0 ~* u
193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ J+ d' b, X( @; o% M 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) n3 E; o9 m# ~: z8 C" v
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 N, y H& K7 ]- }8 ~ B0 C! V 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( t+ N' v4 S* @- P) P 197. Work-on without collaboration9 P y( D$ ]( l' i# J% r9 }# \
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
% b& e6 M; y w- h" J7 B; ?$ Q. G( p9 _0 x& P5 c% Q% W
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
