 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 @& Z6 K [8 p7 U" pFormal Statements
: L# d6 L# ?+ I f" z' e 1. Public Speeches/ m+ `* _: }3 w7 i, u, H' {: I; S
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 x0 C0 s, M6 D 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
- ~ o( B- s( o; z0 [ 4. Signed public statements1 e, h h3 O. d* m7 Z8 D: i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 G0 v+ z% u5 {
6. Group or mass petitions* x: r2 X4 u- {$ M
8 h( ]; k" L( l& \2 v
Communications with a Wider Audience
; d# y) j3 k) R$ m 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 k8 z: v% h; ^6 ~; P* _
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 R. B) ]: ^6 ^- [: \( ~8 e4 x 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ j' ~0 ` Z, q+ j4 y* H+ G8 V
10. Newspapers and journals
4 ?# _2 m8 Q( t( I 11. Records, radio, and television
. r( E7 q6 o: ?( b# N 12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ N5 y; {) S ]3 K( q/ u5 M
- M1 v6 ^: u4 G$ P C# n
Group Representations
\( ] @4 O" k3 @ 13. Deputations% b8 t1 i& u8 A1 S+ `/ q$ n
14. Mock awards
2 r: z; a4 N/ o; m( a( e 15. Group lobbying1 `/ @3 q" R' ^" Z% d8 t6 ]* s
16. Picketing$ x9 g' ]5 a" [' s! {' r' W
17. Mock elections) o" P f! m: D! |: m/ A
0 B$ H- A3 g0 j1 A- ` `Symbolic Public Acts
/ P1 l6 T* q$ `$ o 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 i! S) b# x; ?; S 19. Wearing of symbols
+ |+ r6 G, X2 F" T7 p0 U8 q 20. Prayer and worship- P; B5 }/ C$ i, D$ j1 E9 q
21. Delivering symbolic objects
M/ b8 f. L1 V6 d& a& R1 b 22. Protest disrobings. x$ }; s- [( s0 x% t. c) r
23. Destruction of own property
( \/ R1 Z; x) \1 W1 d 24. Symbolic lights+ a# ^" G2 e% J# v
25. Displays of portraits
! b1 Y4 @ ^- U* L3 N, C 26. Paint as protest% L* z5 b7 I5 | x2 {1 |
27. New signs and names
9 A' X/ v+ a3 ]5 a 28. Symbolic sounds
" \( m" }& P; C; B 29. Symbolic reclamations
1 j/ e/ N3 C% [3 h/ n 30. Rude gestures
+ e; k0 ?: s c4 c9 i
! @6 _/ @3 M ^, y- I4 N0 yPressures on Individuals. F& U5 n* x* Q& }
31. “Haunting” officials5 H! w( N5 r1 s4 ]% @4 A9 g
32. Taunting officials
/ Y4 |9 e1 ^* A" k7 p3 S3 X$ f: z, u 33. Fraternization3 {! \1 w0 A6 o
34. Vigils8 g Z. l( p1 O2 F( k3 A4 X4 x4 Z; m
* B" y; j, k$ g- {2 q" c1 bDrama and Music
8 x+ E: e0 Z& j+ @; Y 35. Humorous skits and pranks6 v5 h+ W* J# ?- X
36. Performances of plays and music8 j' K+ }9 z0 X' N
37. Singing" I8 f4 k- e6 O8 c1 W; |
. r7 C \1 x) I/ z/ o& ^( M7 e
Processions6 p* k6 G1 ]; F7 n' e
38. Marches
b; \" N5 B( I0 v' m7 T% Z 39. Parades2 ]7 \. a) b7 k4 B
40. Religious processions
. o% P0 P& M! w) r2 C+ K, X 41. Pilgrimages$ O% H+ |/ ^5 \! U+ Q
42. Motorcades
7 r3 e- Q( n4 G. E5 m. [+ z3 |0 g; a r7 B6 k% _( f
Honoring the Dead
9 g. z3 M# O; a/ F 43. Political mourning
+ A( z' D- U1 ~" B! a X 44. Mock funerals
# u5 Q- ]" K' H( T3 f F7 n 45. Demonstrative funerals- c7 e7 k/ l e
46. Homage at burial places% Y; o1 U# d* T X/ Y
! f( n$ m* ^, p2 j9 h
Public Assemblies
/ \4 s8 M1 f8 q% ?& O, f" e/ a/ \! b 47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 i% A, i9 i6 C9 i% J* H) h' f 48. Protest meetings5 E: f+ O z- I+ N: C+ O X
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 ~- c( k6 N! n, Q/ ? 50. Teach-ins6 o# W. ^- l' p) M( Z# g
4 h$ U1 t. M+ s' U, C0 y+ a# A4 vWithdrawal and Renunciation# Y l# X1 D) u! n7 L5 A. z
51. Walk-outs
! Q# ~( \" l! |8 n3 j* u 52. Silence- o7 M {8 U0 F% ~: Y& f2 O
53. Renouncing honors
5 }+ G: v1 @6 D& L$ z 54. Turning one’s back B, F9 X8 O% }! n& j
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4 N4 }' T4 x5 `& Q+ X8 m' h
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
! S& e/ D$ H! g& U$ `3 j4 G+ M9 F+ B+ z S6 M$ @" Y- `
& [" F& B+ {. \* L' B/ c; L4 D, S0 x+ d2 @
Ostracism of Persons
/ x) Z. G! B! ^$ a' s2 b7 ]5 h 55. Social boycott7 t \8 D) J3 _9 e+ Q
56. Selective social boycott8 E) Q, N" J& F' B; J; a
57. Lysistratic nonaction2 h: x& E5 S/ u; Q8 B' l h
58. Excommunication
' E7 d# s# `7 U! x0 q3 m, k! ^5 M 59. Interdict g; i0 E' j+ ^
/ D) J9 q4 C7 u* ~& n* z: ANoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
% W4 S- I) y4 b" T8 V0 @' X 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 L( n2 b) A) s" Y6 U2 m 61. Boycott of social affairs3 x. F0 f" ~/ \6 w! `
62. Student strike
6 w" c4 ]% y: J' r; X6 Q 63. Social disobedience
% y$ u) e- e- n" ^) l Y- n0 D) m 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ V- r! N6 u5 ` J! \& J- g4 Y8 \
- @8 b; E. _7 b% g ]* P
Withdrawal from the Social System9 O; b9 e+ V- p, t8 w- G3 G
65. Stay-at-home# p) t, }1 t8 x e2 W, U* D
66. Total personal noncooperation
2 \/ Y1 {3 ^1 _: v# d, U/ a 67. “Flight” of workers3 ]0 c/ y& Q4 @5 n+ p
68. Sanctuary6 I% f! e$ N8 ? K) _# L9 D
69. Collective disappearance: H9 o# K, j% i# w! A) ]
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 n" D* U G) |- k
) Q; Y9 k2 _. v% {7 c0 }' u3 U 1 q3 R- l) v; _1 p j0 K
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ l6 x* z5 s) z- f9 Y
! V. k: h! j! q- {: W
) l3 j8 ?1 A$ @0 ^5 `- JActions by Consumers
" L* O' v# y% n7 J 71. Consumers’ boycott
8 X: X* u& b! V. @; r 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods q7 T+ r7 {5 {! f! E* l) v
73. Policy of austerity& r$ ]" I# U' t4 c& R# J
74. Rent withholding9 l z- Z9 e. k3 m4 G) }
75. Refusal to rent; X8 \ Z: [! {( h: i" l
76. National consumers’ boycott/ i0 U8 A+ h( j& w4 u! D2 ~4 D9 G, |
77. International consumers’ boycott
* h4 Q7 g" X& C8 K
+ c6 Q. M. e+ Z7 ^0 BAction by Workers and Producers+ H7 U- f0 ]) c6 ?0 I
78. Workmen’s boycott/ _1 k$ N" \! e( r% z8 A
79. Producers’ boycott
8 E; ^9 W; u. g' d* j' J" t9 O
Action by Middlemen
2 ?. u- W1 k$ I6 I' H 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( `, P1 D8 a- n3 {# {* c8 i/ r7 d0 S( ?+ C" s9 D# I
Action by Owners and Management
; b5 [& i1 W: F" Z' ? 81. Traders’ boycott
' W) ]+ J p6 c8 o2 b 82. Refusal to let or sell property" }9 B0 h" |2 o
83. Lockout
! r/ z' G9 v( R U! [ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# o5 [- S! U0 u! A$ f 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" _- b& k1 g: A! q# i' p/ b8 T& s+ g7 d' w0 W
Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ S2 Y: @ H: A& m
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% T5 K3 J6 G/ n; g7 v3 s% q$ c 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 @ B0 Y+ ~% @, H* |0 Y" M' v
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' D# [0 U+ F" n! |1 ^8 S5 [7 [
89. Severance of funds and credit
5 P4 j' ]' [8 m* ]- q2 Q% P 90. Revenue refusal
* ` ~& T7 y, Y" \8 f, X 91. Refusal of a government’s money
( s- B+ R% g8 g/ j, t% `* x2 ]* ^8 f2 ~% Q) `- O2 ]& e8 G
Action by Governments2 f$ J$ `3 j: g& i* r
92. Domestic embargo
3 B* q" C/ D2 Z2 a, Z2 q) i 93. Blacklisting of traders
@6 @' e0 h- i) _& @7 ]0 d3 u% p 94. International sellers’ embargo) o$ E4 k8 i' O6 ?9 Y
95. International buyers’ embargo; p! a1 j8 E/ W7 i: J* t
96. International trade embargo6 E" F: E+ L! f1 n/ q6 S
3 T, B3 E; ?- Y( F- R5 j
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v5 W* y% A! X2 i# u* A' R4 UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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( n) l7 u8 Z! T0 m0 X/ E) x' D' JSymbolic Strikes: {8 z L; S6 S$ O
97. Protest strike! c' m- U3 W0 Q) F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 ~9 J" p1 q, ^ |; _* r3 M4 M4 t) d; L# J3 K: r
Agricultural Strikes
. G% a; {9 y$ X 99. Peasant strike
4 W4 D$ i' d- N& M! s2 {$ N" g 100. Farm Workers’ strike
: W5 f& ?/ R" A4 ^5 U5 [7 K* e
6 U+ m# R" |. mStrikes by Special Groups
8 }& F: o" A1 U$ m, ] 101. Refusal of impressed labor
' d; \# \9 i j8 v; U 102. Prisoners’ strike9 i3 m2 k) W A9 P$ C
103. Craft strike: Z+ j2 ^) z3 t. j
104. Professional strike3 C2 E H# C3 d; E! |) k/ X2 P
& b9 `4 h9 I2 P. _, C8 U
Ordinary Industrial Strikes& M# M+ }+ s1 P* @% x: w
105. Establishment strike- x4 i0 b* E1 O3 W, A
106. Industry strike
/ a7 R, d+ U( |6 W& G8 g. ]( s 107. Sympathetic strike
/ t0 L" T1 B& @* {9 K( K5 d) J A: j* o
Restricted Strikes
( R+ ]" ], Q6 ]# a 108. Detailed strike0 |7 ^; v; G' E% C
109. Bumper strike
U: P9 }9 V B3 Q& h# L: q 110. Slowdown strike
) [. g4 W$ m% p5 | 111. Working-to-rule strike
. u0 @, P8 O! s8 v+ a6 W. N' ] 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 `' E8 O& f- K2 W
113. Strike by resignation2 ]3 k8 c! j+ K9 Q. a
114. Limited strike
1 ]4 ^2 r! B" S5 Q# R 115. Selective strike' v4 L0 z+ W* U
: M0 h' {8 @: V5 e6 p; n, D5 K
Multi-Industry Strikes
; `" m2 w+ i! t, `" z+ u
0 r& H4 \5 L1 Y# T' D2 U 116. Generalized strike- b4 ^1 E/ t6 U" X
+ a4 Y# G; e s- j# a/ q- S0 V1 R
117. General strike3 Y2 f8 q x. i' f$ b
0 `) v; ?" `* G
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 B5 U2 j' R; C( O
( n3 W7 h! Y! u6 s2 F) x
118. Hartal
- F1 T' f# e- d J: G) M6 p
+ H8 ^6 Z% M V/ h6 ] 119. Economic shutdown; T* X; d- u2 R0 m
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r9 i/ \& J" T8 X5 ?. nTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority r6 Q- D! l- v( v$ b
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; w3 j2 u; s' m8 O1 H 121. Refusal of public support
+ p% N4 ~6 Z' |* n1 D 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 |( [( }! L7 M
$ ^' u! E8 l; U2 O
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 o- d) ^3 i% f% n- a' q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ B/ S. X8 N: n8 s/ A
124. Boycott of elections5 V2 b' W) b6 ? E/ a& ]
125. Boycott of government employment and positions9 `9 m' W- O2 e5 X
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 \5 g* ~' Q- ~/ Y) \0 X5 J4 D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' ~, M C0 f2 o, \+ X, d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- v) j" E. ]9 K* o% |5 l& ~ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& V; R" H& R9 C$ f( |* a% { 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# m( k9 q1 ~8 f5 [% o* |% [ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 ^2 N. c5 U- Z* O8 t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' u- _! ]% |- R0 V) H
; `' ^: o5 T" \2 j _Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ I) Q$ V; j- `% M7 j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& q- t+ V @! Z$ D 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 w \2 l+ r! z# U 135. Popular nonobedience
5 a/ k3 N& U- R% s$ S8 m 136. Disguised disobedience+ M0 m9 T/ [" V6 ]7 S8 A% B
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 U; X( u7 \ }& V5 l/ _
138. Sitdown
, K5 q6 a: @" ]) b& E 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 l p( E, G: w' p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 V& Q( O$ M/ |7 y+ K' d) l
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# x1 [: N% ^: s+ E) O* }8 `
4 x9 f; c" D: w$ d
Action by Government Personnel# U) F' P5 P' [; h9 I1 y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ x; u* e1 F9 \, ? C' |
143. Blocking of lines of command and information ~- u G. D# ^0 R3 ]+ _
144. Stalling and obstruction
2 h0 F% Z# L; @3 M 145. General administrative noncooperation4 o. R# s2 h7 c9 @4 c
) y s( U/ G* X; v 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ f6 w7 _6 ~: v x. t2 q, B, ? 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& q9 O3 `7 z/ O
148. Mutiny+ [. W' l+ f5 _
Domestic Governmental Action# A, C6 v! F7 M8 v T' `9 b7 ~% x
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 G8 h) W/ a( e/ ]5 \* ~2 S) t: Y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 R6 ~5 P1 Q- r9 o" q
* m8 c: W3 Q+ I( v) J7 r3 YInternational Governmental Action5 O* A' J( b' Y9 ?
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- J! q k$ |6 t7 u7 h v 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ n9 ^7 R% f3 C, i } 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
" ^6 q2 V6 K5 u3 s1 d+ R& s2 t1 M. S 154. Severance of diplomatic relations- j& @6 f% h' U& t
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% n' ]0 P- B1 U/ Q+ p+ {6 w' }& [
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" p0 G6 S z' r- I w 157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 {% v( Y/ J) }, n2 y" Z2 o- j/ ~ j; E! A2 j1 j$ z1 g3 }6 ^5 ?( U( @
g5 v) V! v% W/ Y N
4 l# l( g( O' } VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION G: ~' J% l5 ]6 y0 W. @: W& t* n
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3 U! P% H5 S$ T. j; a l; {! ^Psychological Intervention
' G- V, r* V. Y/ C/ h/ H 158. Self-exposure to the elements
; o; S/ K* c+ _+ S 159. The fast
& A/ g% f$ p' Q" _: [0 j9 K a) Fast of moral pressure
; z: R) d* z' m& j# Z% ]$ p b) Hunger strike% P; k& I7 ~/ {" D& P
c) Satyagrahic fast
$ T6 {5 d9 ?" ^7 @" \6 H 160. Reverse trial
! G1 z/ w# I# K- L; b6 `" } 161. Nonviolent harassment& z" h6 d; X# N1 A) H, T% N
; G; f& d5 I9 p1 v5 Y7 D# m
Physical Intervention
4 C# }' r9 g% O0 n 162. Sit-in
5 P6 K) g- R$ l' P) M2 _+ m' K 163. Stand-in
; m+ F4 K: g+ s; G* f- Z 164. Ride-in( C) P$ [- Z9 y* j" f0 r
165. Wade-in3 H C- `+ @8 s$ z8 J$ Z( f
166. Mill-in
- D& a9 ~5 M: @ 167. Pray-in) D' [' p' B, k5 O0 Q" T" ^- [
168. Nonviolent raids) }- T5 V2 V! @6 L9 v
169. Nonviolent air raids" K( _# I& V( i8 D. C [7 V
170. Nonviolent invasion# i/ H- `' ^+ n- ]) l V7 d' ]0 a( O
171. Nonviolent interjection2 |* w) @9 m z _
172. Nonviolent obstruction
) ~* o2 R! q' j" ]# k9 c 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention8 c5 Z" N4 W8 I, n& l2 r
174. Establishing new social patterns5 E, ?# c M+ c6 ^3 g% q2 J3 n
175. Overloading of facilities, Y) H; |! P$ o8 u8 \0 w
176. Stall-in
0 o6 m% I5 Z# K. z% l6 L9 g 177. Speak-in
% R) M4 V- W2 V5 T; l 178. Guerrilla theater) H! { N5 J2 P
179. Alternative social institutions
+ p5 R! Q% W! l 180. Alternative communication system
8 l& S- N. z# U! B; X
0 f0 V$ W- e) ~" U; M& W7 S2 ]1 kEconomic Intervention ^: U, @' f1 `" D1 F
181. Reverse strike! A' C2 T! e! Q- ~
182. Stay-in strike
" V# w3 B2 X* ^ |) V) z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
* _0 k# q) Y; p! i* k2 f3 ? 184. Defiance of blockades
+ b: V+ n8 t3 L/ ? 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& e. G. B# j- V; Z, b
186. Preclusive purchasing
. `7 G" q3 ^* J 187. Seizure of assets
4 W. O0 F$ d5 _* x3 g$ ]4 c 188. Dumping/ ~4 |( w+ ~/ z0 R' X
189. Selective patronage$ {0 S0 [: N' f5 s" c! v
190. Alternative markets% P( u/ ^' s+ f2 d
191. Alternative transportation systems6 M0 B( H2 q$ }) ]
192. Alternative economic institutions5 Z2 Q: @! |9 P K+ n3 _& |
% ~2 M$ r w, E7 o* F) r
Political Intervention
- ~, k) r+ u. g. X! X2 U8 F 193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ F" R; X4 v$ k8 { 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 Y8 @; S; h0 s H 195. Seeking imprisonment
& E( |' n: A( ~$ q5 G 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 x* r, t @( u) P) u* [
197. Work-on without collaboration4 S1 M% b! S, V) w) G3 B( Q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
