 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 K9 b& h8 y' Q( ~8 v0 eFormal Statements
8 @& j1 q% D/ s1 R 1. Public Speeches1 B- q/ a# U' N5 i$ y
2. Letters of opposition or support6 t. N- _7 h; M) d
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* z# q: Q( v; W, e$ ^% a
4. Signed public statements) e- a& m. `+ n# y/ ?
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 N3 n8 W5 }5 i8 O. o
6. Group or mass petitions7 w* E* ]/ d" M4 U
* I2 X4 \* o8 C/ O$ u+ Q& w
Communications with a Wider Audience
: l( `+ \4 f) c( M4 x) } 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, v6 m) c$ W8 `. W9 K3 [9 d 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 U4 [5 q) c. @, b 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 z6 w) [! O, ^
10. Newspapers and journals# u$ |( ^* v r" B: ^
11. Records, radio, and television
% C# i2 ]3 C. d 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 I2 A8 }$ a9 ?& M8 g: R
6 K' R% L3 K r0 z+ }" K3 ~# F3 a& B
Group Representations
* G, O l; F. F! ^5 R0 n/ ] 13. Deputations
5 f+ X1 Y" c! b6 J/ y( f1 A1 H2 |) M0 ` 14. Mock awards. G; F' M( X+ Y/ Q) @) a
15. Group lobbying
0 H7 W9 { R% Z1 |; z 16. Picketing3 N) u6 w# @4 t. l' }3 M0 o) W9 M
17. Mock elections
* @7 h. L; E8 @+ Z" w7 T
I! y: ]8 Z$ j7 ~5 K6 _Symbolic Public Acts6 b, s4 H" p1 g9 `% }9 o
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 ? b, w, i& e: l: ]+ s4 h
19. Wearing of symbols+ E& {# @! |1 i. n
20. Prayer and worship- ~) _( O4 g; j3 c
21. Delivering symbolic objects" \- K4 k& b2 }& {
22. Protest disrobings$ K/ d6 H d. W/ Q A" g5 P
23. Destruction of own property
0 s/ P5 W1 {& f9 M# u; L, H% [+ P6 ? 24. Symbolic lights
8 ` b, F S% b2 a8 a( G 25. Displays of portraits1 W8 n" G. y+ h2 Q% ^. N8 Y- Q
26. Paint as protest$ W! X& d' X- A* @2 z
27. New signs and names7 W3 c) L( X+ B d
28. Symbolic sounds
! i# q' f% Y9 r7 e% |9 \( [( p 29. Symbolic reclamations
! ~. F! a0 a/ C- G5 r6 h/ E: o 30. Rude gestures
; l) i2 l% H" n0 ` K8 B% g h8 m+ H
, t, p* T/ v, D! BPressures on Individuals1 b. }* w- \1 b) t: U0 v d* q: H
31. “Haunting” officials
: [. w9 D3 q# j: J! c3 b# n I7 U 32. Taunting officials; t; t; F' \# e! E. e" L; y6 |3 F
33. Fraternization
' S4 h+ ?7 a1 [2 R4 J* z7 s 34. Vigils! B$ X# r4 s* {, h9 U) N& C/ g
2 C" E8 ^4 g2 X( HDrama and Music
2 f: U+ a+ `, `' ]5 [* x 35. Humorous skits and pranks- L/ V: v0 H3 q" Z }) c
36. Performances of plays and music
8 D$ j5 s- r7 T 37. Singing
/ J3 g$ q$ e9 |: M& l7 h' S+ P, p) q4 T5 i$ n! X7 C! F
Processions. }2 l7 a7 g( X3 ?0 }
38. Marches X4 k1 i( Z1 N: d
39. Parades
8 Z2 e4 |3 z4 B, w1 l0 D 40. Religious processions: T g8 S) A8 v$ \2 M1 o
41. Pilgrimages
$ v8 ^2 V" e# s( [9 s- T2 `+ Y' N& {4 L 42. Motorcades
9 p: R% x. _5 f, k; p- r
7 ]2 J5 }" d2 |7 I* aHonoring the Dead
& w/ c' C8 ?- a" _+ y5 m 43. Political mourning( B7 W! c1 ?; r( l/ i2 a+ g
44. Mock funerals5 o. G( C* M$ G2 u4 J
45. Demonstrative funerals4 b! i) @* b* J
46. Homage at burial places/ K$ c1 u+ Q6 G1 i4 [
" W- u6 N5 m* B/ bPublic Assemblies2 S1 Q4 {& J2 A! t1 Q& s# t! P
47. Assemblies of protest or support
& d! P) c3 E0 x {% u 48. Protest meetings. r9 ~& n7 R d% {
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ p$ P7 n( I! ~+ i2 m: d* F 50. Teach-ins, ]3 v, I3 o* M, i6 F* o, Z) j6 M
# v t3 F4 X9 z( E" c }
Withdrawal and Renunciation
6 l- R. Z: ]* g) Z* O0 B1 {% h 51. Walk-outs
% K& _: A7 W- j- ~ 52. Silence
4 L" J& N9 n) K0 ?# R 53. Renouncing honors1 \1 t- D7 d% L. A2 _7 D2 f; X
54. Turning one’s back( y0 b/ f' U. t4 Z. X5 q- O5 O" F
; d8 F! ^& Y$ O7 z2 M. m* G' ~# f
3 i0 y, v! Y5 N e- J0 @, C Q0 U5 c; X) o
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, z# q. e9 Q5 H2 V
/ i+ ]5 o5 w r j& U" s8 g # d. E( n4 o5 {/ s
- \* x- i6 a7 I& D; L3 x
Ostracism of Persons9 j8 A7 `0 C% X7 v: w
55. Social boycott v! F r, K- `' r& f& N/ M( S
56. Selective social boycott+ z+ v- m: A' W4 @
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; X5 ` T) E! ^0 y& ?( U0 n 58. Excommunication3 L+ t) I; G+ u k9 Y* w
59. Interdict+ e+ t; N- v. v" v, N6 {
/ M1 p; O+ V2 R# `Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 t8 P/ R- m: g- X/ l
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, T1 [: g9 J$ Q 61. Boycott of social affairs$ M) ]: J1 X3 Y$ k4 V: L
62. Student strike
& N! [! {& w1 i8 Q: t# p 63. Social disobedience
3 H% c& s8 T9 S9 E7 w0 f7 `) O 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# A2 |0 V l7 m. L% h3 K! O* a4 N* j. b( U! L
Withdrawal from the Social System" f* l9 Q4 ~8 [, D9 x+ ]
65. Stay-at-home) N% N% L4 j, ~% p
66. Total personal noncooperation
' D2 H4 ?: D& G5 I F2 a7 D 67. “Flight” of workers( E4 E3 Q. a, j) N& }8 Q; r3 Y
68. Sanctuary
& q& h9 K! p# f, R! ?* N A 69. Collective disappearance
- L8 u" C Z) Z% W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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6 ]- { k3 z- {/ ]5 u- P7 v: k
6 {. B$ {4 P+ Q/ }, vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
- ~ @8 E/ X0 S. @/ K0 ~* G
X0 C2 X, L6 r. Z9 {# A, B 5 s5 j5 p* _9 R
Actions by Consumers- B4 u; `% d+ D# E( v% S4 J
71. Consumers’ boycott
7 T3 S$ \1 k. i( D/ ?8 y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
, S6 ~4 b; i, F& U 73. Policy of austerity
; Q4 f% M* g2 a7 q7 F7 @2 P$ W 74. Rent withholding
6 L: }! L# i1 r$ h0 V- o 75. Refusal to rent6 Q8 K$ y# h8 ]) ^" r
76. National consumers’ boycott& V3 O6 a. b k4 l2 L
77. International consumers’ boycott
, Q0 l1 d# N+ o# a* p
! ~/ L1 l3 w8 p3 O, u& y z+ hAction by Workers and Producers& q# e, a; K, ^ D1 ?
78. Workmen’s boycott% ^& c* w+ d4 m
79. Producers’ boycott% ^! J7 r% Q# y2 [2 h6 A: s( S
8 B( K# x7 t# T8 w
Action by Middlemen
/ |* {% K9 j! d$ I( @3 K 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) O! m4 C/ @. {6 T! P6 |8 S
3 ^; w* q# }/ R: _% p. S9 V! r
Action by Owners and Management! V* N/ Z- D& B, I
81. Traders’ boycott& i7 E+ \: o, B+ q+ \
82. Refusal to let or sell property
' [; l, P k( E3 `1 p0 G1 D 83. Lockout3 a+ W ]" V+ l" j: b
84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 {6 k7 D' q$ Q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: Z& V* h# `' s& f# e. z9 a% B1 T! O/ x4 F
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
! q1 M2 J- F! G 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 [2 |' |1 Q& O
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 b; t+ g# Z, {% C1 ?3 T; K) G8 k 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 A3 K2 E* w J- O8 r/ {- M
89. Severance of funds and credit/ {6 n4 m$ I& l s7 U9 N+ S$ |+ D
90. Revenue refusal8 o* U# i2 V L0 g+ d
91. Refusal of a government’s money
; o+ @, |. t8 y& A z6 ]
9 @% W* j/ w3 m3 \9 r% J' h) [" E' WAction by Governments% b* R. I, P1 Q* [
92. Domestic embargo* ^1 A6 ]" C3 ]4 P! l; V" {' K
93. Blacklisting of traders$ Q: V4 ~+ E" X J# W
94. International sellers’ embargo# O6 T- J( }9 _. m- ?; V+ I5 M8 w: K: e
95. International buyers’ embargo
$ d3 F, ]1 K2 }4 g 96. International trade embargo+ ?9 U- _2 P- E. Z' F% [& D4 C Q
, `9 K; f/ H5 K, E 5 f f$ |1 t% D( Y2 U N! v
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 t% e, }$ i$ }2 o, t7 N
8 A9 R; [7 }7 s, @, x1 Y2 R) L
2 T5 V' z/ t/ bSymbolic Strikes* T9 c) |, J2 m& s: ^+ b
97. Protest strike
4 U2 F6 \! x7 S$ I$ Q1 x; Q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ o* y1 S: |% v6 @4 t+ A. x5 B- I9 t; E& ]6 V
Agricultural Strikes
3 q' X `* Y8 X) Y- G, N. J4 g% V 99. Peasant strike9 d) i& x' u( H
100. Farm Workers’ strike
; w2 A/ D# S3 h" {/ l9 K0 }% `1 G& e: ?& X
Strikes by Special Groups$ N$ R' b* Z0 q7 O4 [2 c
101. Refusal of impressed labor M" u; h( v' l' `; v0 y
102. Prisoners’ strike) |" @- D2 `9 J' T# i& O
103. Craft strike+ l2 U; |% }3 J% b+ Y) W* S
104. Professional strike$ P+ P& T! q0 G0 a% L, X
8 E: g" N- ^8 \) n0 NOrdinary Industrial Strikes% G0 \" C4 \3 {+ C: Y- G* t1 E
105. Establishment strike2 r) a( W: {* q9 k- ?$ g' q
106. Industry strike
/ ]$ A: r2 z/ s9 s) [+ A, u 107. Sympathetic strike
: x& \+ Z. F8 m% `7 D# k
; m4 n* S& k8 \0 MRestricted Strikes+ \! w$ W' O7 B* Q$ S0 K
108. Detailed strike
3 F" k% i6 Q9 a4 J- N, E 109. Bumper strike+ F& C9 |1 d7 y' r
110. Slowdown strike0 g( k* b4 t7 ?9 M
111. Working-to-rule strike. X8 [, W+ D+ A* f
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' a9 S8 e) E. u4 k# t9 h$ {
113. Strike by resignation6 {5 G% t5 k. Q. _. R
114. Limited strike
( d! ]! t& _, I) ~! [# V0 N 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes6 `- d+ M" u: ~4 I8 A/ y% j( w) C
4 ?" }# s' X5 t
116. Generalized strike8 i4 t/ P2 N; T
1 h/ t& n B4 o' V( l
117. General strike6 c7 ]# y! R3 y! j# m" W0 f
* L& @' A# l, Q! O. e
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- b9 J1 l9 l0 t5 w" l
6 ^: |. m+ C- \9 g8 j6 S 118. Hartal
% P2 c4 t# a" Q
6 [) q' W7 C5 }2 @ 119. Economic shutdown
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( b c. S3 Y, R
}* [6 c2 p5 L: B( y a- J: r: q" H0 N2 w; L% s
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 S: m4 v4 q- X9 k$ X' |
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! P1 T2 U& Y% J% a DRejection of Authority
, F) ]$ O0 G" [! G 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# p( V6 j" ^0 V1 _& L) l2 h
121. Refusal of public support0 _1 [' A7 B2 h/ e4 ^
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- [) |* e: o1 D5 t7 `
I" W8 ]6 l, Q8 ]( u5 {
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" l' Q/ X4 c* z, @- u! t4 z7 p 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; [/ Q9 g. X, e9 e3 V- ^! j 124. Boycott of elections0 R' H! t# i9 c, @* A0 H/ A
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 u2 k0 \( b- h4 D* a& G. A 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 h* t0 a" P" l, X' I 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( m0 B' P/ k9 s! ]2 W+ B
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 s: C( i5 y' E3 `' U; ?
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 V5 t2 r& x" H% K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ F. j0 b# s/ |2 x/ L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) s) ^! N8 u9 [+ P, O
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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. `' q$ l& H8 ]# t5 mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* @) S5 G7 _7 q8 V$ o/ e' i$ P 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 Y4 F6 P9 N* D% v7 A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& W0 [/ @8 _2 U" F7 d7 `9 p* r 135. Popular nonobedience
4 x% d- M) a* j 136. Disguised disobedience/ _$ u- |: n) b/ x- u4 a2 H& u2 r c
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ q3 i% w0 N& U! j; m
138. Sitdown
6 e% c T% x7 }5 c8 P/ u3 l- r 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# i, w2 ~# H' D
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 c O9 Q1 ?6 g# L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
; `+ w. Y4 k9 f$ ]7 D' d
9 g: E$ E" H) J' \Action by Government Personnel
' C3 K# X8 w: Q S$ z( [5 L 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* `7 D& p" Y) ^& H+ J; N
143. Blocking of lines of command and information% [2 q) J2 w6 E6 k: @! L
144. Stalling and obstruction* M7 W( q( z5 C9 L0 e. c: p: c
145. General administrative noncooperation
% M- l4 A" E& }0 S( R. X- M+ r& K' E
146. Judicial noncooperation
+ \8 ~8 o. n9 b b+ | 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ t7 p8 K/ I0 U C8 P 148. Mutiny
$ z3 u: S0 a. u2 eDomestic Governmental Action" _/ Q2 S: H$ h4 S4 t
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: V8 R X4 D0 W# ~" X' [: @8 u
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 O4 n7 W9 b# s- i8 d& Z
2 @& \% O. k6 K9 TInternational Governmental Action2 [% t# S3 H/ ~+ o8 F
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) [, N- t5 e) E) r: s) ? 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) M& X. i; x& u/ G
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 A7 z6 M' M! [. J/ @# j# a
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 K5 r7 R5 U, u; t, D9 N 155. Withdrawal from international organizations( U: Q- P7 \: s; B* z* Q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 i l7 |: {1 Y* d, `: X 157. Expulsion from international organizations$ o3 U6 h5 b" K
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1 ]7 r1 R. }/ {1 O" x- B
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 H2 }$ f/ }. f4 {' ~
( y+ k! ?- A7 {- B* \ o! [0 \: D- p3 t& u
Psychological Intervention
& ^ N- _: N8 X3 ~: w' r 158. Self-exposure to the elements: I+ s. B3 B) Z
159. The fast
" U9 a$ s5 f7 e a) Fast of moral pressure
- h4 _, B8 H4 \) F$ x3 | b) Hunger strike
% X- h" j. A& T+ P/ H! C5 Y c) Satyagrahic fast6 j% r6 a# }. P7 E. K n, k
160. Reverse trial* x6 W0 ?! p/ r+ g: u) Q, b
161. Nonviolent harassment
+ G! ~' Y' `, M, ?0 C$ O+ [" K' G( s" t, f
Physical Intervention
9 j% R( @7 f" H o/ P+ Y7 P2 K; F 162. Sit-in6 x0 `. K2 \( k* m4 ~0 i1 K, }+ W% |& F
163. Stand-in
$ y9 m7 I R0 o5 P 164. Ride-in
; X: q; W& k" i9 L( e 165. Wade-in
% o6 p# |) M" ]/ Z 166. Mill-in b9 ]; n7 v% ^, u, s/ n- y* e! Z
167. Pray-in
# I3 V( W7 G; V6 z K+ I 168. Nonviolent raids
; X/ ^7 o* U# x) Y3 m: V; v D 169. Nonviolent air raids! j: q, {. Y( h l
170. Nonviolent invasion
3 H1 f3 ~2 T: Y3 O' Z 171. Nonviolent interjection, ?$ q* H4 N0 a+ z4 o
172. Nonviolent obstruction7 ?9 T X2 h1 {3 v( f6 d0 b9 c
173. Nonviolent occupation
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3 z8 e6 @' a0 b+ z1 G/ H% s" ]Social Intervention9 p! f) Q: R4 k& k+ Y3 w
174. Establishing new social patterns
. |* `7 Z( I7 J: x1 w! t 175. Overloading of facilities$ v; G& J4 [" ?! E
176. Stall-in
0 c' p! R6 o) `' v: \1 t9 _8 _2 { 177. Speak-in3 i6 j, x' d9 r) U+ c* q; k! |) `
178. Guerrilla theater. A4 t/ j4 r+ z# L
179. Alternative social institutions
4 v& x1 q0 E y% c! W$ r q! K- Z 180. Alternative communication system0 z- Q+ d& K/ A1 D( ?( f" C
9 e3 e, P" }% E: x: Q' pEconomic Intervention b& E# B* j+ K
181. Reverse strike9 g# R1 d( F, L
182. Stay-in strike
/ ~& f# ~, o" o0 P- r& B( A 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' Y' L" }+ B/ y1 r* O# A2 h+ d 184. Defiance of blockades7 q2 ~ W7 H+ O; [+ e5 S
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: Q$ P( G. H* x% n9 i
186. Preclusive purchasing
+ Z! D+ i$ ?2 z: i/ ~& a 187. Seizure of assets
, V9 F* \# _4 v$ ?0 E 188. Dumping w! a4 ?( ~" y& j9 k
189. Selective patronage7 z: {3 e o4 T( u5 a+ v! Z8 w. i. M
190. Alternative markets
+ p9 }! O" W+ d) i7 f6 ^ 191. Alternative transportation systems: \8 ^% C0 b/ _2 t! {* b% o. C
192. Alternative economic institutions
& Z9 U" r8 ~2 g
) D1 Q' c. l6 yPolitical Intervention1 [4 Y7 {# P A/ \/ Z2 f$ J
193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 O. C h% `& U( H8 w! s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 u" B# @# N% E# t 195. Seeking imprisonment0 g) v8 P7 [& t9 r- ?5 J7 o& \
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: k' c9 Q8 V7 n. ]9 K' n: k 197. Work-on without collaboration) @9 L$ L' ^6 k7 e9 V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( k* A5 @" m* n1 d/ D$ I
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
