 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 |) \, t0 Y8 G1 h
Formal Statements0 I$ ~7 E* Q3 ?- `2 ~
1. Public Speeches; N* M* I# R1 ]5 [
2. Letters of opposition or support
" K n, ]8 F* o/ F+ L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
) G. k. e( K* l9 r& Q& p, E# ^* y 4. Signed public statements
. s2 C$ j3 [/ C+ l' E8 g 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 W8 B% z, l2 n2 s7 ` 6. Group or mass petitions
9 {0 O& k" f- k9 J# P; Y3 ^9 @- A: t; T
$ Z2 I; |6 @$ G% i$ PCommunications with a Wider Audience$ o* H* N9 c7 S, n$ r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! T( O2 b2 \! ~: E, K+ ~ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, o, O, W( D o @+ Q/ [; R6 P B 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 \6 o6 }8 W! `% R
10. Newspapers and journals
5 T; k9 {0 R2 {$ ] z# c0 Y( R 11. Records, radio, and television
$ d% z) k$ ?- h9 j4 _ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting) q9 t- z1 i( t7 O' n) R# t- H' {
, |$ B: {" f0 c* _$ j7 U! {
Group Representations
: w9 {/ b9 o! w$ o 13. Deputations+ s& q3 {# e) X
14. Mock awards3 D/ `8 T- ^/ [; h( h
15. Group lobbying4 \+ C0 Y* a x! R/ L# @, Z
16. Picketing+ z4 a' X' e% o# t* D6 n( H
17. Mock elections
. z8 Z: G: I- e6 s! q
7 W, k4 e3 {1 |1 ~+ v# W a5 GSymbolic Public Acts
4 S4 N0 M: L9 A$ E7 ^/ b! t 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, c/ t9 D0 Q5 e0 M$ k 19. Wearing of symbols
2 b# E* y# A& C5 x# z 20. Prayer and worship
; _& q( F( R& f6 o: E4 K 21. Delivering symbolic objects
( c, _+ |$ ]: C' O 22. Protest disrobings7 N! {5 f: L1 o! d3 m8 ~% z) F8 B
23. Destruction of own property. l; U: w, F: D7 D0 x) x' r
24. Symbolic lights
" a% u8 _ r4 ~" i 25. Displays of portraits; U7 ?/ L: i) l) z6 D; p9 h3 h, \
26. Paint as protest
, T3 G$ h, m/ d# v0 p' Z, k% I( g 27. New signs and names
1 u- P7 r" a4 {6 x/ M' v( K 28. Symbolic sounds
% ]" W ~7 g. S4 O) j5 \ 29. Symbolic reclamations3 ^0 \: Z% U" H/ N$ q
30. Rude gestures
, Z3 ?. L# _! [ P, ~ \8 _" F _6 _4 r
Pressures on Individuals& |3 z! l. C/ W3 ~* O
31. “Haunting” officials! ], r' e/ C2 e6 z
32. Taunting officials) Q& U# O& A6 G% Q5 d- a
33. Fraternization
1 s5 k. h6 i- {* s& p 34. Vigils
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Drama and Music% ~6 z3 t" C1 @2 _& J/ h$ ?1 Q
35. Humorous skits and pranks7 c4 e7 t. a* `5 ]
36. Performances of plays and music
# P# n+ U9 R* d" l 37. Singing# T4 s) g. y7 C+ P
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Processions
9 ?% U" f4 Z8 S 38. Marches( \1 P* x0 [* O/ C& ]! O% a
39. Parades/ Q, ~0 r$ H! z8 {6 e7 O# e
40. Religious processions
. W7 `9 S6 F1 Y6 M" q( Z: ^: K: ~( A( m 41. Pilgrimages
: G: T9 \8 v7 c6 F" Q 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
0 T8 U' x3 D6 ]5 ~ 43. Political mourning+ ?& F) A: Y4 n3 J! n& `
44. Mock funerals) d0 ?- g: y$ D; d; ?( u s
45. Demonstrative funerals4 q( Q X- @) m7 k
46. Homage at burial places
* ?& `# q! C+ }: u) _0 D& p8 i( F
: X" M5 l$ r" ]. n+ u/ N. b: U7 QPublic Assemblies
' z( K7 u! I, T2 g/ \7 s! J; O 47. Assemblies of protest or support
. C+ r- |+ \% P' y 48. Protest meetings c, [: ^5 n) O" S/ p" Q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ j4 w+ ^' H# R# S 50. Teach-ins
* B1 E# H7 \% S. f- v( E
/ Y6 j& B. s; g8 r' EWithdrawal and Renunciation/ w6 r6 P Y1 t% w
51. Walk-outs
H& `) D; [' d$ H. @6 F 52. Silence
* s7 I8 z7 ]$ H# q# N, o 53. Renouncing honors9 i% T4 v$ }& A2 _6 F
54. Turning one’s back2 Q9 m: d+ S P7 u0 L
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7 x) Y: e i1 i D
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) _+ s8 q7 w# I
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Ostracism of Persons
1 A1 b( A' ^6 W9 J0 z 55. Social boycott# d& y {9 i9 v% G7 z6 _' ?5 J
56. Selective social boycott) P$ A! B( y7 q* O+ g4 }+ ~
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 T7 A+ f+ z [9 ~3 l9 S3 m/ n' ` 58. Excommunication% P/ h6 m' Y; |
59. Interdict2 g$ p% g) P) k1 O! p
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 l8 X+ x6 v- ?. [: Q0 ] 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; Y6 ]9 @- W6 G
61. Boycott of social affairs
! a! [- Z$ r/ [ y5 }/ w 62. Student strike
1 V/ B- f b, C; d( B" D# [ 63. Social disobedience
8 m$ S, q, V4 C% g 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
L w# B3 a6 L
! b0 s8 S1 o+ n$ f! d3 I6 ?. S; iWithdrawal from the Social System
# K% A+ a# f& g2 x 65. Stay-at-home" G6 O! |" [4 P9 \ b& U* D
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 }# T: [ U9 W7 L+ l5 T- X$ C4 k4 w- N 67. “Flight” of workers
5 \2 J1 p$ }; F0 w* ? 68. Sanctuary. Q" ?0 I9 z" Z: ^6 S: u
69. Collective disappearance1 J% h8 z f9 F7 R l: j$ F
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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$ J0 Q, z9 f7 U* C& }( Z
9 p) D0 Q6 w0 q3 vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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3 A s2 X* X9 o/ K+ m3 @! H. cActions by Consumers. Z, w5 G* v$ h* Q
71. Consumers’ boycott. @: q2 b5 Y1 e8 }
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 \8 ^. R5 ^7 r1 O* g 73. Policy of austerity
# m9 c( N M' G d 74. Rent withholding
3 M2 }# T& b5 | 75. Refusal to rent
# C2 ?7 s8 k0 V* e, j0 y* t" @ 76. National consumers’ boycott
! ^3 [: D# Y0 w 77. International consumers’ boycott
# O( ?0 u& M5 e4 U1 r# y/ r j/ f
8 y3 m r, Y/ G8 L4 zAction by Workers and Producers' Q* P+ t ^4 D
78. Workmen’s boycott
z( k4 c$ r5 F/ r3 v* X' K 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen
! G, F$ W' D" |& d% }" T 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" p- k I; w3 j$ n3 N% X, f; ^% Y
+ @/ I4 s" n J& U& |# J5 V9 _Action by Owners and Management
8 Q2 H# ~' X Q8 @0 ?- o6 T 81. Traders’ boycott: J1 _2 [2 k$ B& i
82. Refusal to let or sell property
& R) K7 e( }' x; G) H 83. Lockout" R6 O& K( m$ z4 X% W# _4 ^! |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 R% L7 U/ ]; h! g
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources" j6 Q$ V( {& v' o/ J% l9 T
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, ~2 u$ e% d8 X/ Y y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# U& P# W! |( V7 @9 {/ P) |
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 l. D9 P8 u6 p! V5 w% @+ P 89. Severance of funds and credit% I3 `/ O) Y& i2 m( C- }4 p7 c
90. Revenue refusal
* j+ e# S$ t, C$ z) M 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 ]$ F' r1 f8 N j" X
' c3 u& R' \0 ^8 S( j3 PAction by Governments
) {! n( U+ G6 V9 \8 ~ 92. Domestic embargo
( J4 G, W1 e5 Y' g) j& @ 93. Blacklisting of traders
/ I7 `0 W G6 z) e% `3 } 94. International sellers’ embargo, k& l; r# l+ g$ n8 h Z# Q- N" F5 n* E
95. International buyers’ embargo
5 Z, R6 N% V+ H 96. International trade embargo3 Z( {. J. n; Z5 V$ U: Y, x
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K) l7 W' g" {5 C e% F! o: \3 p1 E1 D7 R$ w) J* l* a7 ~
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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) u0 T* | j. ^2 J( CSymbolic Strikes
3 p- m3 @5 H! Z3 t3 O6 G8 _ 97. Protest strike
+ w- A1 G( [2 l* Z- K6 k 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- ~3 D w! b$ ^, m
) M4 T& \* R9 b6 h- ?9 _Agricultural Strikes. B( D" E4 m9 g% t+ l
99. Peasant strike
* Q0 g% p' h# L1 _9 w) Y# D 100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 X- V& K+ {3 `8 u3 ?) `6 [( ?4 |+ z0 O. @; `' s
Strikes by Special Groups4 M7 E( }: Y" Y! V- O: J# i, a6 v$ \
101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ a' e" c0 R v 102. Prisoners’ strike
8 z! a0 g5 p: {5 h; g3 R 103. Craft strike: r% ~2 h5 m" [! A& E
104. Professional strike" z. l/ F( ]( {% B# C; F
+ _" @. o- ^+ G/ AOrdinary Industrial Strikes
0 B( r0 i2 T8 J H1 S 105. Establishment strike
* [3 @- P8 ~0 y$ V* U) s/ _ 106. Industry strike
& ?" p. E* d, ^ 107. Sympathetic strike5 k/ P! v: I( Z
* e8 s1 H2 p% T- y4 o) v
Restricted Strikes6 _1 F# M/ ~1 Z2 b9 }- b
108. Detailed strike
7 @( [; C" F/ v9 `( X: w" ^ 109. Bumper strike W5 b q0 ^, y9 J/ Q) D/ }3 _
110. Slowdown strike4 m3 J( X v9 M& S! F
111. Working-to-rule strike* l# T7 }/ \; F0 t+ d! s
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 e% M6 P; K$ O$ i0 v
113. Strike by resignation, z/ K) w7 H7 p) n7 q m7 }. _; M) \8 W
114. Limited strike
0 c* g* X$ h' h: v1 h3 U3 _- y; c, } 115. Selective strike
8 ]$ C1 w/ V& t w. t. x: K: ~+ }/ W# y" N0 P7 y* Y m, m- [
Multi-Industry Strikes
4 c4 G# m% \0 w) K7 p
% u2 q; z6 a F0 ` 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike8 L8 ]7 `9 L" k
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 H6 G, v# D& C& y
9 K* ?2 F& W8 Q' h- g2 x& X2 c% C 118. Hartal
7 `( w4 ^2 L/ s$ |7 A% s
$ p( [2 r! U- ?8 C! y' a# ~* q 119. Economic shutdown
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F% W. m# W( v$ t# Q2 h3 p/ z
" h4 X0 n6 `- d. C3 F: hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 \3 D1 U2 [9 A( A2 y. ^9 a) C9 C: FRejection of Authority z+ y- z$ p' J) ]) m- F& @! z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 m+ A) \% Q% L1 p7 i, | 121. Refusal of public support- D$ N* [& B6 E8 _
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 q# c9 m& _- A* }3 V
! }: r- j+ R0 ?2 d6 w7 ]Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, @! U7 \) k% _. F3 F- f3 Y5 N' B 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" x% l" |/ Y& ^- p% O 124. Boycott of elections8 X; D+ ~. q& b
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" S, V" f% g1 p" g/ C3 f& D* | 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 q5 |# D6 j5 G: i% n! m6 a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 ^ d1 p! e* _4 i2 Y) m 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 {$ i8 C! D6 _$ }6 i 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* d% T# i- O5 Y2 |- s$ a9 A 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; r, d! }9 G2 \6 `$ h
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 l- i0 U; I6 P 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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# c3 s( S9 k' O% D. o* q" ^Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( S# y! }8 P, B! G& W% e1 l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance D, {- R- j- S/ R# V
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 ~4 k, H0 l4 _9 S/ R8 |
135. Popular nonobedience1 @! F( o/ i' D: |) R: Y( R
136. Disguised disobedience
8 c! h1 h7 U8 c1 J! F2 ? 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* c& l/ \6 q" o* {/ W# U 138. Sitdown
& D& \! o# ~5 Y9 e8 _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: I& y( V* S6 j* v6 ]& h8 { 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) p2 X. o4 e3 p1 M7 v0 f1 R
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 w i; U! o+ z. V* v; c+ {! d, M# u4 `3 o p% A
Action by Government Personnel
0 u) o2 p2 b' X& G6 A7 K1 C4 j 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% `* v' L" x0 I, Z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ I6 j: H. I: f' w
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 f7 M1 z6 Q6 I% o 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation9 Q5 X8 ~5 c* R q4 f5 r$ S! N
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' b3 D, B) B: S/ ^. e/ G 148. Mutiny9 Q$ w' F; A/ i8 u) Y8 W4 [
Domestic Governmental Action; O9 J. U, q! x# Q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ A& g5 U/ i6 G 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 L& h; x- A* B
. P; U: m9 k/ [; vInternational Governmental Action. X7 e6 L6 T1 N5 p
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! d, N, V1 g; _ f7 V/ j
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* x* } @" u/ }( R$ D( y4 q K 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# O- k$ e5 U4 X& ]/ s 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
L! Y0 n. L' ~/ y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* R+ G7 S- n% i& g. R- } 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ t) y# p9 D- I9 A0 E1 b 157. Expulsion from international organizations
& w! E7 f3 a$ ]: k7 t9 N* E3 d# X4 K/ u) Z; E# C6 G
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention! }+ v9 ~. P+ C0 x! ~( Q# N! U
158. Self-exposure to the elements$ n' K/ _+ u& O' c; N# T- _
159. The fast
! H" L2 a1 p- n4 _+ {3 f a) Fast of moral pressure' R( X+ n: G' n/ t7 `+ F* A! Z
b) Hunger strike1 y; K# T9 @# p
c) Satyagrahic fast% E6 ^: J8 u# o. c) z; |7 {
160. Reverse trial5 c/ J; C# k7 u. m4 e1 ?/ n: v0 I# M
161. Nonviolent harassment
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* x! j2 O* A. D2 D" D! m8 S H( d* EPhysical Intervention
, t; `$ p) U: Q 162. Sit-in# D2 B+ v' T6 O
163. Stand-in% c; T6 `5 ~9 Y# M0 Q4 j/ t; v
164. Ride-in
0 @( U1 [9 D# {9 x e# @ 165. Wade-in& |- i. K4 q( ` U9 {; W: i% {
166. Mill-in3 c" H8 n% a2 N
167. Pray-in
& p. {# @" g0 u' m% l 168. Nonviolent raids
' n/ V6 D. P u- _3 R6 r0 Z 169. Nonviolent air raids
' ~/ y" B+ D2 O! V5 m 170. Nonviolent invasion
( q- ?' d& z( `( b' {9 M* \ 171. Nonviolent interjection! @9 |) Z* a5 X, ?, K
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 d: _8 r9 D+ L. Z0 z) K4 f# H [# P
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
6 \6 `+ |7 |5 T 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 C4 q! f8 j$ [& v8 c 175. Overloading of facilities( e3 j' V. l6 }! C1 {; s6 q
176. Stall-in# [' l9 ~+ T& Q0 T
177. Speak-in/ j% z3 ?; p6 G0 v
178. Guerrilla theater( e5 R1 s/ P7 }3 ]
179. Alternative social institutions
l, g. P" ?! @ T, t( C 180. Alternative communication system2 ^8 A, `( S$ B( \2 `
, U9 @0 K9 Z( ]/ y, S
Economic Intervention
4 `2 t& W: J2 W6 F$ J9 I 181. Reverse strike9 Q, A0 z8 c- g4 W% Z/ w
182. Stay-in strike( V2 i, v* ?0 ^: j+ k4 A8 b) N
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 z8 _: ~) A7 A 184. Defiance of blockades8 @9 w6 H# ^0 S& x7 M7 K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ M' S- T. {+ v. g' v6 i
186. Preclusive purchasing
# a( g- W, L& l, |1 s. s 187. Seizure of assets
' P) [( M/ n' X) x 188. Dumping" i4 N/ l( i1 r9 Y4 x
189. Selective patronage- Z# U" Q: h$ z" j' }0 @ X X. U
190. Alternative markets
9 ~8 E4 k! s' w% \ \ 191. Alternative transportation systems
% v; l/ x. ~$ N7 N3 w 192. Alternative economic institutions. H) |4 y6 s! C+ f$ }. ~
) P: y c6 i( n( M9 |, _Political Intervention4 Q- t/ v! p; J0 A+ d6 Z0 U! q
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: P$ R) y6 f) J8 G& u# A- a0 \ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) K+ U0 Z3 D; A" k7 F5 q# \$ a) F 195. Seeking imprisonment! Q. y) o0 S. N1 y( B
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 [8 z# i/ t& D5 J
197. Work-on without collaboration. S X& V& M; Q' I, g
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
