 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
0 k3 @$ u" J9 ^( x: LFormal Statements7 G+ W5 `$ b9 p
1. Public Speeches z5 p6 Y, Q" g4 }+ U( ^
2. Letters of opposition or support
0 [1 ?" w7 ]) Q1 V5 A1 q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 I9 C* d9 t7 E+ d! c t
4. Signed public statements* F) E1 d* d, X
5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 Z9 h8 r7 f9 r+ G: ]
6. Group or mass petitions9 o; T6 N- a/ `8 h( C
) R9 C. ]+ G$ aCommunications with a Wider Audience3 g- Z" h6 j% z# l
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) w: n T. L. X, Z6 E0 O 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ d1 X6 n, O. ^$ A% s' _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" J9 ^; w# N- H# ~. f
10. Newspapers and journals. ]9 H) F* Y _2 Y
11. Records, radio, and television
) x! ]% Q$ r3 E 12. Skywriting and earthwriting; Z- t, S4 G2 i+ T1 _ `
( B' Q5 [. O& Z3 f1 m4 o- h
Group Representations
; r& E) S0 V, @. {; D 13. Deputations
) Q1 J& ?6 [1 R: S8 ` 14. Mock awards' |6 }1 ^6 d" w4 d( r$ r
15. Group lobbying4 z8 Z( }% d: R1 t0 c
16. Picketing
; p# S% J* U- j8 L 17. Mock elections( ?+ h' a7 ^- p3 t/ W1 u/ s
3 a+ H4 E; ] k' M
Symbolic Public Acts6 V! v( }/ J2 l
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; y4 I6 m+ W8 c& _1 b }
19. Wearing of symbols
! G t6 y9 \& G0 e 20. Prayer and worship
3 Z" V* F% B* Y- C" L% B% r 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 E4 N+ T4 m. h) C- v! ]; n8 [
22. Protest disrobings
$ d6 n7 ^0 Y) S( e3 [; ] 23. Destruction of own property
! R" v. Y7 [) u2 ^5 q 24. Symbolic lights' c6 z$ C& y, [4 J O$ P1 |4 M
25. Displays of portraits/ k5 w, J2 s; V& J: [8 W. E$ A, b
26. Paint as protest
2 K1 U( m# d% r- S' i4 e2 m' o" \* j, i 27. New signs and names
U. T: r1 v+ z+ H. s! Q8 A 28. Symbolic sounds( Q( V7 p' }4 q3 U; D- q6 f' |" l
29. Symbolic reclamations
3 J$ E' A; ~* p& }/ K 30. Rude gestures
$ C! v" g4 {. m% x0 Y. `0 F
# E# h3 _+ m8 Y6 n9 }, R/ I6 k, y5 kPressures on Individuals
4 y& C: y- M+ _$ m7 l" I, d3 Z6 } 31. “Haunting” officials
3 ^0 o6 e0 a& j! _ 32. Taunting officials# u, J( s4 q$ _+ n3 C
33. Fraternization% d- l! f9 v% n. h4 `: i
34. Vigils% @& k5 D2 P- _
- ?) ^0 U" D% C; }) v$ N" ^$ TDrama and Music
( V$ N& s. |3 N 35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ J. |! ~8 ]. u& _, N4 y& p" I7 ^4 n 36. Performances of plays and music( p+ e2 M0 y6 r1 [: U
37. Singing! a4 k. P7 [$ Y5 y- b& s/ ?; `3 F
2 n# Q5 F2 @0 z% iProcessions
: u0 e0 s) J- U! F2 y; Z 38. Marches& a) `& q0 ?3 b
39. Parades" r _4 l- y. E' J
40. Religious processions
6 I7 m* g# K# o% V1 I 41. Pilgrimages2 J& O% B7 n/ P8 @/ m7 z* f
42. Motorcades
8 _) g" f$ Z# ?: t, Q0 c1 ?+ P1 |4 s- n3 h$ j$ y( I5 T
Honoring the Dead) V' F @6 v, T) W# Z. M
43. Political mourning
" x& t W. Z1 Z$ Y5 D" g 44. Mock funerals
* _: j- T7 ~) z$ N, \; `4 q4 r 45. Demonstrative funerals
& l; |6 \ Z4 r, V+ L 46. Homage at burial places
3 |/ J% s. ]/ u
8 P6 @: g$ Z$ u$ e) lPublic Assemblies1 ]0 V6 w* ~, P' t2 P* R- t
47. Assemblies of protest or support; g% _. m2 Q- r* Y
48. Protest meetings
( W R5 ^4 N+ R$ S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' A' \! N+ Q; ]3 M 50. Teach-ins
1 c. A8 Q! H! x/ P, ^, J2 t% N% I9 A) O- T+ K9 H
Withdrawal and Renunciation& i6 B4 J* i7 k: |* R' ]3 j
51. Walk-outs
; u2 M* G# B. ]$ \! i 52. Silence
# w. C: E" J: q1 A' Z$ u, H8 _4 F o1 [9 i 53. Renouncing honors
8 h1 j4 c; [+ `; n# b; _/ n$ g 54. Turning one’s back
$ j5 i! m. K; f) F6 L0 M7 V. o# c: j# I2 O& C9 T7 y2 N
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# j, f2 l0 g& _: j9 d7 WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# b- S1 s4 ]% R1 Y# B
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$ ]" [' w5 d3 S k4 q9 A0 E9 X: `7 D
Ostracism of Persons+ M* E' ~) `( Z4 b- o6 F
55. Social boycott6 h( a8 Q, D8 a$ r2 q
56. Selective social boycott' Z7 s* T# a& z- N4 X1 R' H( e5 ~ m, ~2 i
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 |) r ]# ]5 y2 ^( e 58. Excommunication
8 A- D$ U! r, A+ }8 Q5 t" {+ J 59. Interdict
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0 T# z% h/ l. M7 W3 M3 tNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 @: P! d. z& b! d1 l; K5 h 60. Suspension of social and sports activities# K' s! N$ ` g: J/ }2 r
61. Boycott of social affairs
; Z P5 G4 n+ O* E- d 62. Student strike
- w4 P" Q6 X. h 63. Social disobedience- f, U( {9 C: z. N2 \ a
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System2 }$ N+ i; e% ^, e; K& W
65. Stay-at-home4 w! p$ n. B( y2 U
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 U$ _7 d1 I+ [ 67. “Flight” of workers
. Z& O% r6 ?- E3 ]( ?( f 68. Sanctuary
, {, n* L3 R: |8 b. N' w2 j 69. Collective disappearance& C0 x( f! Z! e7 b2 g$ P
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 P5 N* ~- E# ?" ^) z
8 _8 A" _5 H( E6 Y( H+ \8 R
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% ?4 `. \3 b; Y$ {4 i1 T3 tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 t! m" N ^7 G0 `+ s. s3 |Actions by Consumers/ Q- F- y" ]' U5 F+ I0 U
71. Consumers’ boycott | x0 P2 S( ^# Y% y! [
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ i5 Y' z. |8 A
73. Policy of austerity$ a0 d* H; g* U& I7 |( c
74. Rent withholding
5 h( ^+ H0 ?9 a$ G8 g6 @% `0 u 75. Refusal to rent# z0 b" A# V1 X! O& F$ H' ~6 l: t
76. National consumers’ boycott: J7 D3 g7 v V4 o) ?6 v
77. International consumers’ boycott5 j) g1 }# Q' {# D0 i" F
+ G- ]$ }* V5 L+ R, d9 h/ `
Action by Workers and Producers5 T# P5 F% f" H) L; k' U
78. Workmen’s boycott1 g" r0 H2 ~- f) z, u
79. Producers’ boycott+ A2 K" l! S4 d1 G1 u
6 e6 E! X; n4 k7 ]) Y0 A1 S
Action by Middlemen
: g( T; D* G3 m9 ^, ^7 c/ X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 x: H+ B5 u$ N% l, w+ P1 r6 ^9 z; e9 b1 w( p4 J
Action by Owners and Management
# `, w, M$ F) G9 [ 81. Traders’ boycott, t& M8 A; M. g. p2 w
82. Refusal to let or sell property
* }8 U. [0 k7 x% r3 o 83. Lockout& k+ u1 v) t) D9 R/ T6 {' `
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# Y2 i& Z! W; ]" C
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources0 }4 W8 A% {3 p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) @( f2 i" G" Q. B3 B5 ?9 t
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 n1 R4 K2 I4 j 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: |) A: o `4 K: F 89. Severance of funds and credit2 \* G' j6 ^6 L/ r0 l/ a( Q3 I7 \
90. Revenue refusal
7 r: Q. l7 h5 P9 G O 91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ X/ g$ V* n* U* K' N0 ~& W: c$ `8 ?2 s: Q5 J+ i
Action by Governments
8 G2 w: J7 ~/ y% J! o/ i 92. Domestic embargo
- N6 B3 E) z6 V$ f' J$ j" r 93. Blacklisting of traders6 }% Y9 c0 t3 `7 o% e
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 Y" c& g3 [) T) P7 A+ [' h 95. International buyers’ embargo: d7 V1 [& }* }( \6 {
96. International trade embargo
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, ]# g) P5 G, }* U/ KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes# a6 t& J7 Y1 `0 d+ B& Q0 i
97. Protest strike
6 u: h: l. W2 r/ k6 x' m7 _1 N; t5 x1 z; p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! s5 @. G, l: m- a0 [$ z/ L
% |* G% j% J0 ]4 y5 E. b$ ]9 rAgricultural Strikes5 G% E! Z. `/ N
99. Peasant strike
( d* ^- W) V# [ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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9 S# d# g( |/ ?9 @Strikes by Special Groups/ M. p( q; E& W9 j* R
101. Refusal of impressed labor
! F% b( ]6 F. f3 r. I+ y 102. Prisoners’ strike0 ]0 c1 R. T: x8 H& l
103. Craft strike
6 l2 L! P. ^1 k8 B" ] 104. Professional strike5 V- c# I8 B& ^; D4 U* }
. f; w6 c0 r1 b9 g- c ]( WOrdinary Industrial Strikes. D* a' E- k- j: l5 @- F
105. Establishment strike
: ], @- Q9 F, D' h9 ?; f 106. Industry strike
& k8 }7 k$ G* M, q# } 107. Sympathetic strike
$ N5 {4 [6 `* b, s& [0 j) L+ j4 D
Restricted Strikes0 Q: G( U/ U9 D& {+ m6 Q
108. Detailed strike, z) ?6 [) f& x# C) V/ J
109. Bumper strike
, D# K. ?) [. W2 y+ V; b 110. Slowdown strike' @6 G" ^5 v) ]; z, S
111. Working-to-rule strike8 I4 Z3 p& a! d; N* j; q1 |. e( u5 N
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 Q8 {" y" b6 ? 113. Strike by resignation) A) A6 o* |$ T! t: U
114. Limited strike
2 T8 F! T" q2 S+ J8 ]0 @4 u- ^; ] 115. Selective strike
6 [8 b6 C, w/ |1 Y
+ P5 {. w! i8 j, {/ S# E gMulti-Industry Strikes; ^8 Y2 G0 ?! u" x: ]
" [! m7 p: v4 }6 ~ 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
8 d7 v1 Z. _ D- L9 E
' G7 j1 J) u; L! aCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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. k1 D) s! b3 t% V' f2 ?8 Y4 i$ f- tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 t/ N) O0 n* T/ L8 V& y. p
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1 _! C! e3 |, R i; w8 _Rejection of Authority
! {) [% q& a; _. l4 f. } 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# \3 Y6 P8 O3 T8 i- a9 B% j5 J
121. Refusal of public support8 l7 b, N; a8 T+ r) N
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' P7 C5 |# q. ~5 E
3 [1 J+ A1 T" r0 ~# z4 PCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ _: S8 J, y `: o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! R6 Z" E" j* _+ P$ z% \ 124. Boycott of elections5 D$ {1 t6 F& W k4 \ ~" Q& L
125. Boycott of government employment and positions) O3 d1 K$ l+ M) U* A% C
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 G, ]; i6 u8 ?
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; _) U7 N& t4 [ m$ f `4 s- L0 L 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 m, [# H" i2 O: s$ Z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 j5 `/ x: ?6 g
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 A1 O, n S7 |- p1 F* _
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. H) j( ?$ s, @5 w0 x5 A 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience. z: k4 ?+ l; P) U
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 H: J. g- k+ S 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# U8 c" u0 z" _. \+ ] 135. Popular nonobedience
$ m q3 U9 K% N. s" L! a4 s, K 136. Disguised disobedience
' ^9 ]& D, \- Q' N5 ^8 e 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
1 g# B- ?% Y E, e 138. Sitdown
/ _1 G% |* ^1 d 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 d$ P( C1 j7 i: X
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 L# j, V0 m- V! z. q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 m% I8 H# N+ K2 ^ \! ~
) f7 h' w" ~8 O* l) z. E5 Z. D
Action by Government Personnel8 u/ e- B& P; O6 K% Y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. L$ F7 F# O) Y( P& |, k 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 L# T: W& d. x- a% a" k 144. Stalling and obstruction
[7 R# q# p7 h3 c8 y$ i1 o 145. General administrative noncooperation
$ f7 c+ p9 w' Y. @8 h# O: e/ H; n( |* M6 [
146. Judicial noncooperation, K+ K3 u3 z/ _5 s% Y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, x1 s; I3 t5 Y( h3 q+ y; ~ 148. Mutiny
( J6 y$ s" O# b: HDomestic Governmental Action$ ~0 v) `8 d7 q* U2 }0 `
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( D+ G, T) a+ G5 K) V# V9 C7 o 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 U0 j/ W' x: U! ]3 V
$ c6 Q3 `& l2 [$ T3 n, jInternational Governmental Action
3 S$ x4 q, t8 J x% U" G4 b& g 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 F+ q0 A5 R, M0 {, C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 s9 c: G- w' @4 w( R! ^
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, ~5 x3 U8 A6 k* F! j/ j
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# h* U; T1 Y( k7 F 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% V8 O1 s$ L- ~. C% e% J 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ g4 W( N. u# c/ A( S7 X# J 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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3 w( s& N D2 _5 d- tTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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' I# t0 F [; r& }% b; cPsychological Intervention
5 N1 t& r) T0 r5 O G# ]9 Z+ \ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 {4 T, ?* I( `- m1 x1 d. D0 f' ~2 x 159. The fast$ M5 v# H6 |2 j. s. O
a) Fast of moral pressure
# m% s5 W4 O7 h# K% |; h" P$ ]& j5 o7 j b) Hunger strike0 t* }1 r' }7 S. s" t) h3 M+ N# [
c) Satyagrahic fast+ |. R0 O7 ]. L1 U1 L# _6 R
160. Reverse trial, T C5 r( p) C6 U2 J
161. Nonviolent harassment
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3 `) C. V% W6 z7 Q5 Z1 KPhysical Intervention! E L& H$ ?8 Z2 K: i
162. Sit-in
" q6 ~9 q0 q5 D" G( D2 U. I 163. Stand-in
8 R4 K) e4 }- s0 z/ w* {+ B 164. Ride-in
- e/ Q9 e# R' _ O( C 165. Wade-in
& D: y. J" k. f+ \7 v5 ^& j' q9 H 166. Mill-in0 h+ R, Z( s- D& D" m* Y
167. Pray-in' ?9 G/ a8 g: s0 w% k x4 v
168. Nonviolent raids f# ~) ]1 e4 n$ G
169. Nonviolent air raids8 P' w$ W2 f7 g* p
170. Nonviolent invasion6 f6 m8 U+ I% h0 M+ K
171. Nonviolent interjection
0 `& h' q' R' A+ N% A; A$ U 172. Nonviolent obstruction* |: U8 Z3 |0 R
173. Nonviolent occupation+ f! [ E: n6 i3 \6 a \0 ^: P
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Social Intervention, l* R+ p5 [- v4 ~
174. Establishing new social patterns: u4 U' q" I i! j
175. Overloading of facilities% o. j1 K$ W3 [$ p3 S- w
176. Stall-in
- U9 p& [. d u 177. Speak-in6 U, ~; S G; y% `
178. Guerrilla theater
: _2 p1 W" u3 _' w- r1 u% Y 179. Alternative social institutions
3 k% s8 M2 q2 n- o: e$ f4 j/ v. F) i 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention7 ~& E# k! f3 P7 ~# h0 |5 ~2 y( O
181. Reverse strike* b% m9 O& z6 G$ Y5 E! p$ r$ D
182. Stay-in strike, v5 K$ x% z0 L }% v3 n) o% M+ T
183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 q6 H) W% H& m. u# E* ~ 184. Defiance of blockades
}: J T! ~* P2 q 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ A. V( ?2 x4 L- I4 w' C 186. Preclusive purchasing- A1 N0 V a( R! e, E
187. Seizure of assets
& }; k. ^- F7 e6 t: [" B 188. Dumping" }" ^$ e0 n: @
189. Selective patronage7 [/ f7 m: m9 V0 W- C3 ]
190. Alternative markets
0 N" e8 \$ j: v 191. Alternative transportation systems$ a" J+ l6 B1 E! e& j7 m
192. Alternative economic institutions
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4 T0 O! k/ _ o& r2 V. xPolitical Intervention
* R5 a' {2 t' f- K" {7 T 193. Overloading of administrative systems% O0 ?4 J- \0 F+ P5 O! Q
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 o" T2 T, c+ S/ t7 l0 `
195. Seeking imprisonment
$ {2 m2 L5 s0 b6 C" d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% s2 b* q" x6 H* w 197. Work-on without collaboration$ s- y% X0 C9 G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
