 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 b! {- H; t$ `2 Q6 r$ d1 Y7 z! ? N2 [Formal Statements
5 q Z0 y P2 a4 T/ G( [ 1. Public Speeches: s$ N/ I3 a0 f5 Y% O7 c8 ^
2. Letters of opposition or support
* z0 J- L% Q- H& e9 n 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 M: i. y# B7 @, }# | 4. Signed public statements6 C7 U1 s' h9 f/ D* n
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 z2 y) p u b# v1 J) b
6. Group or mass petitions4 D5 U2 d5 l. H# `
% U0 C4 t3 m' U' [$ _ uCommunications with a Wider Audience
1 V: Q, c' }2 H/ S 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% a0 p& U0 E4 C6 L' L& p; T
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 _* s8 @& `3 Y% h" L3 L+ C
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( P. o' I; g9 Z* E" m
10. Newspapers and journals$ x5 q) y8 |9 ]! h! c5 N$ i8 p
11. Records, radio, and television" Y0 e* q" y% F6 I0 B1 _( ?- ]
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" g0 h5 w$ K: g% [+ ] r
% R# E. E( |+ o0 C9 _, ?+ d
Group Representations
# w1 }. k+ P+ P+ C; ^4 k 13. Deputations
3 i! Y- E T% W+ t 14. Mock awards
7 \. {4 z* G% C1 h6 ` 15. Group lobbying' o" `6 f& u; D2 O/ o3 Z
16. Picketing
7 v; u0 d& i2 s( p0 o 17. Mock elections
* o# N3 U/ r. D- j4 g3 f1 W' D, e! R! I
Symbolic Public Acts6 ?; `: |6 r9 n8 i/ {7 ^, Y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ F- Y& Y, t3 u' T 19. Wearing of symbols/ A& S& U- w' q! q/ a
20. Prayer and worship
# ^8 y4 Y8 a7 w* X( e( O3 f 21. Delivering symbolic objects
* u! t: Q: q2 _4 ^+ @% ?$ l0 m% n 22. Protest disrobings+ D3 A7 {$ e/ h' R0 g
23. Destruction of own property
+ J- d& t/ _% o- Y2 @ 24. Symbolic lights
) V! [* e& j/ n7 e, W 25. Displays of portraits' U, H* c. A9 Z- W: k& U
26. Paint as protest5 U2 u- u$ G2 }0 s
27. New signs and names' a0 J: `+ T1 L" r7 j9 M: ?
28. Symbolic sounds
4 N7 Y+ n5 W4 r1 T) I2 q. z 29. Symbolic reclamations
, E3 l, E! |' X8 |6 M2 k( X) P7 [: K& Z 30. Rude gestures
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% b! I, u e( \. L/ p3 KPressures on Individuals
$ |. L' Z: H$ q c. T 31. “Haunting” officials
( }0 m1 L! w$ B5 V- ^ 32. Taunting officials
0 Q2 i; o o, \# |7 M$ k) q 33. Fraternization
2 y' `, `$ I/ b6 S; R6 o7 E% K+ z" s 34. Vigils! I! c1 G- a* F; [
% E _- k9 F, x0 J6 o
Drama and Music
) M" ]8 ]4 l3 |, ~ 35. Humorous skits and pranks1 \- Y) o/ [7 V2 s0 P" `" m: P
36. Performances of plays and music$ Q. P! `( y, T( h# i
37. Singing
. Y8 h9 X0 U% f8 _
! C! Z3 W, s- g$ ^7 E7 I8 K1 aProcessions) h- X N& n# X
38. Marches9 m! e8 m* j. x5 `+ L4 k
39. Parades9 F8 N9 s: C3 g# s! f
40. Religious processions- E, T, j0 P5 ^; H
41. Pilgrimages
* G) T4 I x! |4 G" t6 M& } 42. Motorcades4 y" u+ _- b R9 H" t
0 g% I3 W/ j6 JHonoring the Dead
0 z0 {2 U1 d# x$ m0 H& V: _; } 43. Political mourning
8 |6 r, K- K @ 44. Mock funerals# S8 u% U1 _9 j5 F3 K
45. Demonstrative funerals
% C3 |4 v& S! ~: Q; w8 u 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
+ ^) O) D7 {) q7 y b 47. Assemblies of protest or support% E' g* [" u. F2 w! b; z" q
48. Protest meetings% B) ]) f5 u: {! k/ j/ R3 T$ H3 q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest4 |& o2 b0 ~' v7 k* e
50. Teach-ins4 ?" a0 @: B* |
7 T2 F! b- K* u) T# n# `) s
Withdrawal and Renunciation: m3 ~/ `7 O* z. ^* L
51. Walk-outs
* W! S* C, r. ^! s 52. Silence2 P7 q# B# S- E0 o# F
53. Renouncing honors! i* o* T, W& R7 J1 }3 p* e
54. Turning one’s back
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$ l1 m& z/ J' R6 g; L5 o6 h ) k" O7 ]& v! j: \! h
+ e& Y! w# T& ~5 |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* b- r' C6 _4 Z' ~: K- L+ ? V
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6 h. J4 L& c" e1 POstracism of Persons4 ?7 F( \- y7 S A, W, X
55. Social boycott" M: F9 N# |( @, `2 n
56. Selective social boycott
( m( ^8 A' W% X; O0 _- M" w 57. Lysistratic nonaction
) h) O" L6 S6 o& L- _2 w 58. Excommunication
# y4 W" H4 V1 ]( i2 m4 Y1 G- K# V" {" r 59. Interdict
% Q4 D: Z m7 @$ z) Z% y1 C2 Y) a6 w. C: _- n4 O* \2 J$ M
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 H7 Y$ G1 v' G4 H: r* @! C 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& _- |% ~( |6 O O 61. Boycott of social affairs
3 F: K, S7 K' G 62. Student strike
: s8 E) H7 A' |/ A 63. Social disobedience
2 G- I7 f( [, J5 T( O) _: e6 \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions; Y: Q0 {: N: C8 i( @7 F* N& e
8 o" `( Q# U5 C* zWithdrawal from the Social System
4 K% S( [; O; O7 k3 t* a8 I 65. Stay-at-home, m! }5 d2 F8 k, g* B7 V6 q1 Z: P
66. Total personal noncooperation
5 K4 p1 \& Y" z" A# }/ o 67. “Flight” of workers8 Y( A7 v: m9 e9 T' ]2 `& b% [
68. Sanctuary
& u. a1 K; L T1 {. H" W6 S 69. Collective disappearance
) K3 s- z, A2 a# H0 n7 `. Q) C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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# H) T6 P6 y6 t( NTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# ]! I( p# j8 F* [8 @( P7 d. R
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Actions by Consumers. g, c4 H$ u9 J7 d9 X' e
71. Consumers’ boycott
5 Q/ F! b% P$ ?' B. P7 j7 O% x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ V- _& a; u1 M% y2 w; o 73. Policy of austerity
4 R5 X6 y( a$ {8 L 74. Rent withholding( H: }* e& p; b
75. Refusal to rent. _, B- t* J8 f8 U7 C6 m. U7 p2 p
76. National consumers’ boycott& n" n1 R z$ G! t5 U
77. International consumers’ boycott
1 s3 w* c$ L7 x- E! l& J8 Y
- }5 e0 q" p9 n. m7 q# WAction by Workers and Producers# Y4 h: t3 |# ]8 f
78. Workmen’s boycott. E: n8 { W {" t$ M4 X
79. Producers’ boycott. D, U$ f' C+ @9 V5 l; v7 i
4 S5 _( c" X: u( `0 c
Action by Middlemen
* G: d5 r4 |; Y* G+ f 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# J5 @' L7 O* I% k6 l: `& v
! u" Z( U0 C4 W) d+ oAction by Owners and Management( U3 e* z' T( y8 `" Y) D7 S
81. Traders’ boycott
- w, X$ N, |7 p0 |! m6 q 82. Refusal to let or sell property0 ]/ m- t/ T0 M1 f; ^
83. Lockout
# f, L c0 z* H2 p& E$ D 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) M. e; |! {! n. w( h0 c; \ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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* F# B9 a* |: i9 l: y. vAction by Holders of Financial Resources* b+ M: e5 ^9 G& Y( u4 ^6 W$ c, C
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' q" e/ E! c2 S
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* s+ o! q) t! k 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: r9 C O# t# F5 e' L' V$ ` 89. Severance of funds and credit6 w- L. K/ Z5 q$ G" _' Z
90. Revenue refusal. @+ G7 f! G$ x% S+ a
91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 l( j; G! A$ e0 P& r/ j. [& [% b1 Z2 D
Action by Governments$ i2 ^) s+ ~$ c( M- t8 q5 ]1 m
92. Domestic embargo4 [0 b/ ^$ G* U3 s, P4 V$ j {- r6 d
93. Blacklisting of traders5 W8 t4 [6 t% S# M) U, x& _4 E
94. International sellers’ embargo( ? |$ b+ c9 w4 {
95. International buyers’ embargo
2 G7 Q( @( D- F( k4 W1 S" [ 96. International trade embargo( j, @* e7 r7 h! K2 N+ m
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 u% V) F% H$ a3 S( I+ {6 x
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4 U) R3 E3 R- H; }$ `0 W+ DSymbolic Strikes, T" x, T! ]/ e& P
97. Protest strike
6 @1 g7 c. q# q ? 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. M$ M. c3 L, X& y( \3 q
" t: f" Q& g3 b" B/ I \& ?6 @5 {! FAgricultural Strikes
$ R0 _% K4 I. `& N1 j3 q 99. Peasant strike
) t3 A2 A; M; K 100. Farm Workers’ strike4 |6 d) x1 Q5 A! K% S
4 i8 P8 k" J" e( H! j
Strikes by Special Groups
! o* {5 U" D8 v: n4 [* X: U- S: H- D" ` 101. Refusal of impressed labor
& b. C1 s) i+ Y E$ G0 c$ d 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 ?" {" v9 _$ ^" Y: y! b4 |2 d 103. Craft strike
i3 r/ e5 t4 i' I 104. Professional strike& |: _9 R" ]# p; ~, c+ H
2 |4 k+ ?0 a" `
Ordinary Industrial Strikes* _9 L6 |: r/ x8 S5 \. E
105. Establishment strike2 e" U" U) ?/ w0 c% h7 D
106. Industry strike
3 I* i, k E+ v x, O0 k 107. Sympathetic strike! h" D @! ^, ?" ^6 ^0 A: ^
7 U0 B% [$ k& N! V' ~, Q$ iRestricted Strikes1 n s9 x& ]& A+ _ `+ _7 B9 G
108. Detailed strike2 | ^4 g, b; e! L7 ^
109. Bumper strike2 `- p, V% m7 Y. p
110. Slowdown strike1 n6 P6 v! o/ f! F2 S. n7 @
111. Working-to-rule strike: ~" C: S0 c4 Q1 X3 p- Y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 i& c7 u; V8 |2 H5 v5 o; x4 m 113. Strike by resignation4 ?5 ?1 u4 \7 Y) n
114. Limited strike' J! x8 T e) D% b
115. Selective strike6 r3 S9 ~% t# l8 m
# M* [8 ^' w# k" ?1 nMulti-Industry Strikes u+ _* }6 E2 q
8 N% ?! J( m2 L( ]2 S
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike2 @; n1 D* K( n5 A2 L8 I
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; s6 c1 t: Y- s0 F2 \
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118. Hartal( h/ f, ?& |; [' ^
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119. Economic shutdown2 N- r6 v; e1 D% L, {( g+ O
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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- }' t6 p" D4 S! hRejection of Authority% N* F7 C# |4 W3 f7 Q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) x+ x0 M; L# f( C3 a7 O b
121. Refusal of public support: g7 V7 s3 g0 s! J+ T
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 _( z/ s9 J6 X) `+ q; [2 X! Z" |7 v) Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. z9 `, \" Y. {! j 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 D% h# Q8 R; U 124. Boycott of elections
: J) J, H. n8 d2 ^* Z# { 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# ]" O5 T. g. F- E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% {7 E/ K9 E M1 r
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- `# x w/ ]' e; b
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& O( U# k2 |* `$ { 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents [, _9 p$ E7 j4 p5 x; L! M
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# L& Q9 G4 G; t- X6 ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; q2 C$ V- s) b
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% [+ c, A9 U0 r5 C' }
8 _/ _5 e) p5 s' T2 A: j
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 X" @/ Z" k. o/ f u1 t 133. Reluctant and slow compliance( H; L9 D& h, K! [/ _, Q) Q3 V
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* r8 f, f8 C/ J _9 q* N! n
135. Popular nonobedience
; A/ v1 r1 ?3 x2 } 136. Disguised disobedience `% f4 B( l4 a( k( S: J
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 w2 ], ]! V8 a# w5 u7 q 138. Sitdown
# y" Q8 }5 K/ b: Y% u6 j. K5 g7 o 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) K& ^. |. H2 r5 Y- t 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( l, M) Y u: t 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 S k" h. t2 Q% j r9 [4 g! s9 }: o0 X* Q& g9 y" b
Action by Government Personnel# T0 Z5 I: Q" d5 B) i
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 r' X+ | C: {" U+ V 143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 d; z* _, Y) x, ^$ {, {
144. Stalling and obstruction
* t4 @+ \2 k3 F2 P 145. General administrative noncooperation- H h7 ]3 e0 C
$ A( W; W$ S1 u3 c% h8 y 146. Judicial noncooperation
8 E4 U& Z2 g/ V; F. u7 D! H 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; ]' _' C/ N) {6 m& r/ D/ K$ S- l9 F 148. Mutiny
! |3 F+ b" d `Domestic Governmental Action+ U0 i5 }; m# E' m
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 D/ o4 f, f9 @8 a, y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ i. F% ~- c$ t- r
- l- ]2 N+ D) S1 v* g8 oInternational Governmental Action
4 M1 J! @8 Z' |: n 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 K) R/ ~ E& Z8 k3 r
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% }9 K' b% t1 g$ \/ p- V3 N# H1 ]2 P 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: ~: e5 T) y8 y T" X
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! D: ?* w3 f! i' _! I0 y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 H; n1 V4 a" P! W G- @
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# s+ K( p# Q0 G4 j/ P 157. Expulsion from international organizations. v( j# Q2 L/ _
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 Y/ d9 u! c, h' l3 a
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' z) r0 d0 ?! D2 A3 z% i, fPsychological Intervention9 _( f: a9 |9 x- \8 ], U ]
158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 q7 \( B3 w( p$ r3 Y9 T: O 159. The fast B$ Y( s( s2 M9 m
a) Fast of moral pressure
/ ?; k1 Q5 U2 q* p) G# I b) Hunger strike
# G( @* z+ J% E8 R4 n+ ~/ }3 T% ~ c) Satyagrahic fast5 a T8 ?- }8 x; Y6 e+ A) `
160. Reverse trial s+ v/ c1 F; f; Q/ i$ Z
161. Nonviolent harassment$ l' W r3 U7 T9 b( i
5 f$ N# m3 x' n$ F; ]) RPhysical Intervention
; l. n0 y/ h; H, a7 f" d 162. Sit-in6 x/ A* \/ P. V
163. Stand-in
# I4 ?0 G5 a0 Q9 N* P 164. Ride-in
+ ^, [6 e9 n( V) `6 ~+ z( E4 O$ S 165. Wade-in
# X. @3 X* a8 P- r8 ~0 Y5 R 166. Mill-in& f. ^5 i" v1 o" s
167. Pray-in8 V' I- c/ @/ D, x
168. Nonviolent raids
T# H t% u, P$ H4 _ 169. Nonviolent air raids" ]( C E) Q. m5 A& D
170. Nonviolent invasion: p" T9 W- U# k
171. Nonviolent interjection8 Y' s; P4 k5 \% A; {6 x
172. Nonviolent obstruction$ D: |% j/ r5 H9 J
173. Nonviolent occupation9 _; J: C8 H8 O @( E, h l$ d
- h S5 _4 u3 L r$ k' L# CSocial Intervention2 s$ L3 i# X: H9 r/ m3 h- h+ q+ F
174. Establishing new social patterns- [0 I* R. N3 D' z1 |" E3 F
175. Overloading of facilities( ^" K! x( T% @* G
176. Stall-in
/ T) E9 ^$ l% y. q% Q 177. Speak-in
* E5 q6 K+ E: h/ ]5 r! \ 178. Guerrilla theater% M) x% \& j3 m+ {% Z) [ \0 S
179. Alternative social institutions% F/ h* ]& g- n" s+ M/ i- V9 ?9 G
180. Alternative communication system* s0 [; T5 j, S3 l$ D
. f2 X: w4 c. J4 V+ J# s7 iEconomic Intervention2 ^# s4 N3 Z8 j
181. Reverse strike
! y8 b) n% O& i# n9 E& x; } 182. Stay-in strike
7 L' x4 X; V5 X5 z" |' ? 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 ?9 o8 F7 W# O. A 184. Defiance of blockades2 T C1 |* @7 E2 a3 Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 A" D# }1 I3 u# u 186. Preclusive purchasing- ?1 c9 [5 s5 D3 a2 D/ l! H
187. Seizure of assets
/ J2 t( V7 Q- k9 v 188. Dumping t7 Q; z! X! Z2 K2 C" j
189. Selective patronage
* @' h3 c* X6 z# X 190. Alternative markets4 a, z5 o" F8 `8 W
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 e. m5 T5 z- N: n$ [" b 192. Alternative economic institutions ?4 T" G6 {7 i# f$ {5 X. F4 D
* a$ H) N" O6 T' X5 sPolitical Intervention% _) ?0 S9 N4 Y5 M* ?9 h' l
193. Overloading of administrative systems
, u4 U" o5 E; z5 z8 L; V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& d' |6 E+ ^+ @4 `" f8 ]9 r b
195. Seeking imprisonment
* r3 o7 c$ x( W! h9 N' @; P: B8 q& F 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 D4 ?0 C2 u& Z: a; y9 y
197. Work-on without collaboration8 a1 _4 C5 n( X5 E/ t( S( K
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 E$ F% R+ s' B3 U# A8 v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
