 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) l8 k5 q4 n+ j5 bFormal Statements2 t- _/ j) T! [, ?( r
1. Public Speeches
2 q0 y& S5 Y0 G4 I 2. Letters of opposition or support
. \3 @7 ]3 W( f3 D; ^1 ]! X 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 i0 C) [2 A9 x 4. Signed public statements; p) P9 J% z: n8 R" h6 O$ n
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 D6 A& a# B8 D, D+ x# m' q
6. Group or mass petitions8 K6 L8 F7 Z4 F/ ~5 u! u1 }$ y/ o
9 G* \( _( W7 U" M/ y$ ]& DCommunications with a Wider Audience% V7 p; L# K' b, j2 J' i9 x
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
M; [6 G$ U* ^0 c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 I7 }8 C; |3 s 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' W& H5 k* u. h z' F( r* Z 10. Newspapers and journals; P9 u1 M& C; u) Q3 Y
11. Records, radio, and television
5 W+ ^, N/ q Z4 j$ r 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 ]" p' W6 Y* q3 c7 \. S, g6 i8 q$ z9 R' Y( m7 t: U
Group Representations
- i/ b: a( P$ C! Y$ X 13. Deputations
; P$ i, p8 A8 Z8 Z2 r- }& E 14. Mock awards
, B# B' N A- L6 m$ v( v7 w 15. Group lobbying/ k8 B1 i6 G( W9 U% v# O
16. Picketing$ P2 s7 Z" }; N/ D: C7 |
17. Mock elections7 X+ j9 s- z; a R( h
8 i) Q; Q% |4 K( m
Symbolic Public Acts
/ @7 r3 Q% I9 I4 s% {4 r- z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 V1 d0 l0 W% U
19. Wearing of symbols
7 D1 u6 l# e# Z" M( Y1 M0 q1 D* h 20. Prayer and worship# d& h$ v- G3 \4 S
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 f% O8 Z. l4 |7 w2 T6 R( _ 22. Protest disrobings
6 u) V0 ^- ~- k( T/ `; b 23. Destruction of own property
. P9 Q. D. N2 T 24. Symbolic lights j6 h' ]: f3 E; k! e! C9 J
25. Displays of portraits/ U7 y, o+ P: u+ v7 U+ N6 Q
26. Paint as protest2 j9 y* w/ }) c& a5 V$ M- W& N) x& t
27. New signs and names' |: b+ K9 W5 g" N. h$ R
28. Symbolic sounds' a$ D' C, {7 O# d+ X
29. Symbolic reclamations: Z9 @5 J; W$ h4 T/ }
30. Rude gestures0 \6 Z0 B4 m, }8 K" H. H& P1 b
; ?$ |5 ?9 f7 J6 \( P! u }* U
Pressures on Individuals1 h- x5 j+ O/ H# s; X3 ?# [4 S8 t" @, z
31. “Haunting” officials
' }1 g; g! M1 T4 ]$ x: I: f 32. Taunting officials- d; \1 F, s9 o; E E& I
33. Fraternization& i. v9 W5 M( J& s( Q0 s
34. Vigils
0 b4 a/ @# L& K: X& L& \- o' @1 x- h8 ^) k
Drama and Music
- j N' u3 y* { 35. Humorous skits and pranks: q( \* V3 D% V7 f. y4 t
36. Performances of plays and music8 A9 V1 ^# }* v% p K# W/ X! l( e& _0 l
37. Singing0 I R: S# c; }( E" D- ^
/ ~( P7 Q6 m9 j* z3 FProcessions) M& v; B% G- `3 z
38. Marches
' v* y4 g' m5 B' M1 y5 D8 e 39. Parades E) J# s ?' m
40. Religious processions
+ I6 [( H q$ h$ M; i4 k* A8 G/ a 41. Pilgrimages' i0 q* B6 M- f$ m$ E! E/ t( t+ X
42. Motorcades0 Y r$ z) A1 m8 ?6 S7 l- p5 o9 q
" Y2 ?- v, h8 h( Q) n, ?* _Honoring the Dead8 ^4 l" Q: u8 B, G j
43. Political mourning
6 m; K0 U/ S6 m ?# e" J( ~% Q8 y 44. Mock funerals k7 [8 a& y6 q- G4 E# ]
45. Demonstrative funerals
& d0 w2 d) p# E( m. _- t5 V 46. Homage at burial places9 O' y$ M3 g7 n
! K2 B+ v/ p+ TPublic Assemblies
# q K$ g( y; X& @1 U 47. Assemblies of protest or support& d. U. p7 T) R: K. c
48. Protest meetings3 f7 P" X5 ?/ u6 o( C
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! g+ A% ]7 x/ c" _! r9 I
50. Teach-ins- P0 Y% S, L' y5 y; L
% V, v* {) k' T! c) FWithdrawal and Renunciation+ q: K# L @( v, _( G
51. Walk-outs, S1 P! V, q! v; i7 a! G, l
52. Silence
, S1 F0 z, T4 b5 p- h! ^ 53. Renouncing honors
% q, C7 P, w: o" l 54. Turning one’s back
/ C6 J! r6 i( c: d3 r- R
5 X: n9 s0 a6 I+ ~6 L 2 q `/ ?) B$ Z
# F; i A0 R% l. B
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 M( C9 ]- U+ U v0 G* _3 `0 I
0 l. j& ~& L+ i. b & m- ?1 c; o/ f
8 \8 ], H7 o3 U6 |( i2 h
Ostracism of Persons
: v. O H1 X) L7 O 55. Social boycott
! v; \9 ]& O# O0 s8 D3 Z- k4 r 56. Selective social boycott! w4 C" ^* k# g3 `8 ]2 ~- q
57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 j8 M& G' {6 V& C 58. Excommunication
! Q( \: t$ K/ M8 K& T8 L: Z: @ 59. Interdict
8 r9 G5 M+ B5 v* y4 T' \* a2 T7 z8 t& w* p: `& g5 W' J; p
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" T% w4 z5 z( l0 Q; r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 {9 u/ Y- b' N4 U. y9 s6 O4 S 61. Boycott of social affairs, Q% E! g$ i/ T. m6 F; M9 Y
62. Student strike
" H# l8 e8 W/ \. g+ x: o. q* b& y 63. Social disobedience
9 L1 x/ \2 l# i% l, | 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* h. _& U" C! M x4 h% }# ~( z8 ?
# O8 Q7 c6 `/ W& ?+ v' [/ l; \/ xWithdrawal from the Social System
9 T1 i0 _2 G6 Z/ T 65. Stay-at-home
% j; u3 a. n8 p2 s5 r1 h' n4 O3 n# B( X 66. Total personal noncooperation
5 N U8 a% }, E2 `) H8 t1 ] 67. “Flight” of workers
i6 S+ S# n5 E4 W 68. Sanctuary6 h6 K( x) O i( o
69. Collective disappearance
# u; y7 g3 D0 X& d5 z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 e: i8 ~6 a3 @- W1 G: {) i
* w# y$ t; m- f: B; K& B5 S2 E
7 s" u% I$ X: ]7 ^/ M! E8 A
2 E& l; Z. z9 w: GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 M& O v. ]* y
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; k/ _8 ]3 l7 `3 ] l- oActions by Consumers
" L' _0 e% [; V/ q4 v, Z' ~ 71. Consumers’ boycott
+ p0 M' x2 E) [) J5 k) p$ U$ @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: q7 |+ W# H9 x- w0 J
73. Policy of austerity
) W" H& O5 y" w 74. Rent withholding5 S. x' G( I: M' }2 X
75. Refusal to rent
& C( @9 }( k$ [7 m3 J. x( Z+ ` 76. National consumers’ boycott
: L4 Y' L+ q) K- ~' j 77. International consumers’ boycott! h. j( M2 R; `1 B# A6 y& [
; t1 l. c! |8 Y% CAction by Workers and Producers
+ X8 h1 U5 N0 A* |9 r 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 `- I' b8 l0 m1 J) B 79. Producers’ boycott$ d( f* h! r: L) I. r
7 X+ o s& i, i
Action by Middlemen" Z) B9 T9 a- \% H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" G1 ^: J: g+ i9 s" x/ i9 `- H) ^1 `7 H0 w3 E# d J/ V7 ?" o
Action by Owners and Management# i+ a3 a9 `1 w1 n+ r) C5 \. ^) ^
81. Traders’ boycott
8 V( F6 Q" i N; X8 u 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 |4 {5 d9 [6 b 83. Lockout! g( p$ K. n% j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 m2 | [0 B2 J ` 85. Merchants’ “general strike”. t. x8 w9 g* k- j. `% W3 A
9 o' `/ q# U# d7 y, M+ }
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
+ m% k% G8 G! o, t0 d W 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ ~, f0 ^2 I% l9 t( ~) b
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 `3 |* \/ a; ^8 Y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
5 [* n z8 g8 X* p1 z 89. Severance of funds and credit8 r- C" n' E% z2 C5 R/ L# `
90. Revenue refusal
2 r6 Z) Z9 d) x# H0 r* E. W. _) } 91. Refusal of a government’s money- `$ ~6 v# r; f# K9 n& d- d
' I& f# }; I" k( AAction by Governments+ G0 p4 |- i3 ^( C; A. x
92. Domestic embargo5 H$ B5 m, y7 O* y) Y5 A1 G( Y
93. Blacklisting of traders. {$ ~; ^# l4 j; o1 q9 P4 K
94. International sellers’ embargo, t! m9 v; y' q# x' j, U k: n
95. International buyers’ embargo& S8 m. w% S' o8 J) n
96. International trade embargo
h) K5 T& M( H8 X( D
* z6 l Z1 m' W; S" R' E9 X
$ h; y, L- e& L1 g0 {" _ I' x4 L4 l
) U% A' e S" _$ I; w) ~; fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 P5 N1 Q) P! `- m. v' |" K
3 Q; u# N$ b, E; d' J5 J& X
3 h6 v4 H% ^8 |Symbolic Strikes9 ^9 q# ~3 Y5 u; x# D8 l
97. Protest strike+ L+ h8 g7 [! ~" j+ Y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- r: i) Q6 c/ o9 r+ `( U! f) z6 d
1 J* ?3 E* V- \' k' d
Agricultural Strikes
8 F3 ]; {$ A& d6 s 99. Peasant strike' @& n: `$ G) {# `
100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 k" T; n6 d8 ]4 h# N X- [8 a1 L/ l; b: s* p* t% B
Strikes by Special Groups
( J0 v6 { v6 E6 U9 U. b' k% g; R" v; S 101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ W" r+ n; I# h J 102. Prisoners’ strike
& w# k* K. N4 l' S" ]/ S 103. Craft strike
6 a8 U% E0 C# G/ Z/ B6 h W 104. Professional strike) e. _. q) }. c- B- k0 }
$ f- A7 E3 i9 `1 m
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
|) _0 d& `: }( t# B r2 q( C 105. Establishment strike- [# [$ V# O; }3 H: T1 C6 K `
106. Industry strike9 r* _+ V F U# e. }7 _, D
107. Sympathetic strike6 f+ g0 b- M2 c
' w, e: U( U( D. |8 i" t+ g( lRestricted Strikes
k5 y* ^! s) `- w! f6 {9 Q 108. Detailed strike4 y# M' [8 O. m- t8 U5 I# C
109. Bumper strike# G$ E5 o& K4 h' g& h M2 L
110. Slowdown strike2 ^, z+ G6 r; h4 J- D8 W" E
111. Working-to-rule strike
3 ~9 u& ]$ u6 q8 E1 \3 J7 r1 p 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% u8 \6 h$ a4 g
113. Strike by resignation( d4 r1 i/ \# o: E
114. Limited strike
8 Q' i% p8 l7 H 115. Selective strike; x) j+ F- w8 ^# v8 G0 z# ~* G: X
) U1 b$ R1 l2 @* I1 CMulti-Industry Strikes
* ^4 i$ j8 h$ c# z; T, N ?1 P) p6 o3 {
116. Generalized strike2 @. ]0 _ y+ o4 |
+ ^2 z6 `$ ] q2 i) P3 z0 {- Z
117. General strike
7 F U! e/ X0 q
& K( e' ?. s: q0 k( ]Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
' ^( j# W, ^& l! m
1 T$ J5 c: x H% f0 q+ b' `/ D 118. Hartal$ y% L( m8 H6 r) l- B& ]6 q: f0 G
6 ?3 |" U1 ^& h4 k1 k 119. Economic shutdown( t7 S& ]* _# ?; K- T+ m
/ b5 x2 T% x- ^: E5 G; \% d
( c: R( A" ]7 x# }3 r) |% g8 ?0 z) @, l7 Y( ?4 K6 P- [2 P" h
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 t1 _4 j" Y( M# | M8 ^5 ERejection of Authority3 h$ n. B' a f6 C! O. j/ U: |" @" a
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 W2 |0 i0 g8 j2 X9 S
121. Refusal of public support; V( S5 o& y v7 T( m6 \6 l0 G
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' b V8 F8 M4 w8 D, g/ |3 ?
E( w0 [3 p3 _/ t6 M n' Q, VCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government' M& f6 N$ D$ r/ f
123. Boycott of legislative bodies" f! R" h/ _, _$ o# a
124. Boycott of elections
' `; o+ b+ G! z: L5 F 125. Boycott of government employment and positions& F7 y* O' ]8 a' f; A" N) M& U
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
2 n1 t- z" X. \4 t 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, z) _! @9 I6 y8 w- l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& p" v' C) g4 k! N! \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% s" i- g4 i# k0 f0 p
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; U( \+ o* H( Q. C 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, ^1 Q; T6 J0 e& {4 \; [/ t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 r. K0 M, C: Z# p& i& j. C2 x8 i
% W, K$ J4 }; RCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" p1 r- _. ^" `" o- f' s6 B" w S% d. W 133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 s; X+ Y! z" P% M0 i8 l& S
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) O. {- C* _7 v W2 T5 S 135. Popular nonobedience& f7 i$ H6 e8 L* t! G9 M
136. Disguised disobedience
2 Z' G. F& C; m9 F 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" f8 q0 x% A; j0 N: u7 o
138. Sitdown) _& i) t# l$ D9 e* N" F& L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( c6 g+ m$ t0 A7 ^* Q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ i: |4 S% T1 Z1 j 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 E2 m9 G" B: t! o
( L7 v# K5 T, \: h8 I" p
Action by Government Personnel9 j( \3 j6 Q1 g* Q2 T6 J* U/ ?
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; u d0 b9 D; j" [; c 143. Blocking of lines of command and information; Z! E7 r$ o1 ^% \. z6 y& R
144. Stalling and obstruction: @- O: ]5 b( @% w9 x. {5 S: ^
145. General administrative noncooperation2 @7 ^% n' _* r" U
% k. |( k1 k* q6 n q9 r
146. Judicial noncooperation
5 Z5 ~; N/ _+ |1 `7 r 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 r* J% ~5 E- `% L! Q 148. Mutiny
" X( I6 k! z3 ~Domestic Governmental Action' r9 [# t5 R/ g& a
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ B8 k( X4 R V9 z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: \1 \' \- x& K3 P
' ^2 t& |/ H9 JInternational Governmental Action
7 ]5 J8 ^3 N) z- j 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" y, U# |' D. d4 @: _1 s
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 O9 ]8 Z, O! }4 L* _$ r: ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: v) o t) ]. H; J/ u' J3 e
154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 t8 S* G- o+ o/ s4 E
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 U7 i/ H) u; u' J/ h. k4 i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" l, _2 L1 R6 J m1 w 157. Expulsion from international organizations
. c9 w3 t* }$ H' }: ?1 A9 i) f7 s2 P" h# Z+ s" Z
2 ^2 p4 o4 k+ t: J4 h8 S$ r
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 D# _: R9 P" _1 \1 x2 D
- V8 v0 v/ q$ w5 @$ X
* |5 C/ I: y% u" [Psychological Intervention9 S+ Z1 B9 ]$ G/ L
158. Self-exposure to the elements9 X4 L0 F( m, H
159. The fast
" C7 D, q1 N% L5 W a) Fast of moral pressure
5 C w7 G8 f5 P9 c- F. u2 t b) Hunger strike' w& v }, }6 J4 u
c) Satyagrahic fast
; X. y# ^6 f% _: {) f6 p! m 160. Reverse trial
4 n8 j* F: Y% ^( X3 w: i 161. Nonviolent harassment
1 [6 U! ^# U0 I8 S- N$ {3 c6 c3 I+ S% X0 v7 B
Physical Intervention. y/ o; \7 S. I! Q8 P+ I2 U
162. Sit-in
$ J- _' V5 r- _/ o$ z& ? 163. Stand-in4 d4 O' ^' U8 M' U5 s# y+ }7 S! C
164. Ride-in
( M. h( R Y3 A 165. Wade-in5 N+ Q' c2 x& \9 T
166. Mill-in6 t- W' U) Q. F Z9 R! ~, I* N
167. Pray-in
' h% S" c" g8 Y1 ] 168. Nonviolent raids) ~2 W& w5 Q9 s2 @, M1 r* ]( s
169. Nonviolent air raids
" i, D8 S2 A) D1 o/ i% o 170. Nonviolent invasion. Z+ p+ c$ v( j ^) w" _4 B
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 z% @6 U% [7 p5 }* Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction: F0 d3 K2 Y$ C* {1 @
173. Nonviolent occupation
) b% M2 N1 S" N$ Y/ H
, d- ]7 a% k; c* g% v" W& oSocial Intervention5 Z9 N$ V: r: Z
174. Establishing new social patterns- d$ k) A( b V5 l- G
175. Overloading of facilities
2 u; B4 H/ v% `5 t& [ N! O6 i) M 176. Stall-in
/ d' O: x9 K6 z; ~ 177. Speak-in, C( w% L- l: W* b5 g; `+ t
178. Guerrilla theater, |+ z. ~+ W! s! E; e8 n
179. Alternative social institutions
; L. }* G, B- v0 p& E 180. Alternative communication system* H0 x5 E F: {5 F* v( V- } S$ u
9 {/ t X R aEconomic Intervention6 x* q5 R- c+ x3 x
181. Reverse strike
8 h0 D! k) g9 [( L9 t" \) n 182. Stay-in strike0 G/ ?0 u, ]6 Z- Y& \- A/ @
183. Nonviolent land seizure
: ^/ [8 C' q; y" y1 R 184. Defiance of blockades3 N( L6 [. g; z- ~; @+ a5 y: Z
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) [6 k( T* Z+ z& a0 m, `& Y& T* G 186. Preclusive purchasing$ E, a, e+ ?% K! U
187. Seizure of assets" x' C. P/ O% O; M/ s
188. Dumping5 r# D# d- i4 D1 g
189. Selective patronage
- i, E( r7 b+ a, | 190. Alternative markets
5 R1 J/ h8 r! y! e" c C1 l% B' g 191. Alternative transportation systems
( f7 e/ T4 z- z0 C7 V" g 192. Alternative economic institutions
; M4 n7 n, V' L3 J- _, n. c6 ?
/ ?1 h2 }* ^( Z* uPolitical Intervention
) l4 [7 C- b: b 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 O% q X; P* b7 q. @! U, ] 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
# m4 i; `" r6 E. T% o o/ d 195. Seeking imprisonment. ?$ [: n* B! j- E/ Z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: F5 b% |# i. k- F+ X) s5 p
197. Work-on without collaboration0 P+ Z. f3 p! K5 k+ i2 H: h
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
