 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# ?/ z" I4 g2 z* x# wFormal Statements
, E5 r0 _ V3 m8 ` 1. Public Speeches
( o# M& x/ Z. D, U; l: U+ M) R 2. Letters of opposition or support
. `/ n5 a# P d0 n6 n" A 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! F# ^' k( c7 |6 }6 a; [. w 4. Signed public statements
) k" B/ a+ [" M7 v 5. Declarations of indictment and intention- M) H- J* J- u7 x2 S0 d
6. Group or mass petitions7 L0 Z9 o& U: ]4 b3 h/ m- O
6 G# G( E6 g7 Z% D$ c$ q! H+ j
Communications with a Wider Audience) p: R2 o3 j# c* r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 h; t0 D. ?8 y H; D
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( V1 \5 u( p' W1 d6 u
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! b6 ]0 `. ?2 N 10. Newspapers and journals
$ A' c7 y9 A8 k 11. Records, radio, and television# r, L( F" T m& Q* z, h- j
12. Skywriting and earthwriting- T3 i; r W% \% [/ Z# ~
+ P4 G6 W, p; v* e) L& t: c# e
Group Representations1 n ^/ p K- H$ B2 F/ k% l- b! ~
13. Deputations
. e' d' j* I& N8 W 14. Mock awards' ?$ h$ `' U. }, C3 d
15. Group lobbying* H9 h# z. Q6 ]; e: n) b& i. ]
16. Picketing F& g; D0 d4 { t9 g( C* \- x
17. Mock elections
G7 c% v4 f w0 ~, O. X5 q# \* ^$ f: D, _( O5 C: n
Symbolic Public Acts
* `! ?) J& B9 R3 G/ D% ?0 C8 ]- @5 Y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! P3 s9 J% k- \; y: K2 N1 {, k0 V4 g 19. Wearing of symbols$ q9 `8 w; J" J; W+ N
20. Prayer and worship- b; |; K/ B3 F) C2 I
21. Delivering symbolic objects
; l3 Q5 @, }- X4 e 22. Protest disrobings
" R% t% v' ^2 j2 w, ^8 n 23. Destruction of own property+ i' E3 G; D2 V" E
24. Symbolic lights
6 h- j( `5 f4 W' O 25. Displays of portraits) p7 Q5 _* ~0 l& i
26. Paint as protest8 L4 @! l! Y' Q5 n6 r% d
27. New signs and names
" L/ o* s# e8 E# k0 N+ j 28. Symbolic sounds
/ D, {6 m$ A& y1 a 29. Symbolic reclamations
; ~5 h& A9 H; R 30. Rude gestures4 ~. `" C) E! Q o
2 k J8 t2 d$ j; a
Pressures on Individuals0 q1 T) T8 X/ J3 O: b% j4 J6 h
31. “Haunting” officials! y' F4 O& C4 }! B8 j/ k
32. Taunting officials
0 N! ~& e' p5 m" k" p. y. F, x 33. Fraternization
1 w: H! Z: u4 G& s- B( T- x7 B8 { 34. Vigils+ A. j& r6 f5 w& V1 z, d& T% d. L
8 {* S# j0 b/ s) Z$ `
Drama and Music
1 t- G$ D! x8 o9 g+ F. ]; ` 35. Humorous skits and pranks! y( h% d, T9 y! [; u3 y. s
36. Performances of plays and music
# |8 B. m% m* t2 d 37. Singing
7 g x' q) X8 Q: v( l& t
: d# D2 \0 m3 C4 } M. W# hProcessions
6 @. a3 ]& ]8 M: R) t9 N 38. Marches
2 H9 `; d* B9 E# w4 X1 O5 I 39. Parades
# ~" t0 D& Y- `, ]0 D9 h, C! V, K 40. Religious processions2 R2 [! P" i6 M9 U( p
41. Pilgrimages
) F( |+ b# M* B5 Q j" s0 d4 E% j 42. Motorcades. i- \# f9 X; I; V" e
L8 i* `" _+ n, A9 @/ \- v9 @
Honoring the Dead" r v* v' i! n$ L1 K( x3 D$ ]
43. Political mourning
5 D3 i9 {, c) |* l0 p2 J' x9 ~8 M 44. Mock funerals
8 D1 \$ V2 v( c5 m7 U, B 45. Demonstrative funerals% p( T T4 Z" N- I; l u! b5 G( N
46. Homage at burial places3 H2 I7 q' b4 _9 I* P9 z8 ]+ m2 q
; o" i4 D, a" _% @( j8 tPublic Assemblies
V: {: J1 S8 ~7 n8 J$ N1 o0 S 47. Assemblies of protest or support3 x9 }7 y5 C! `
48. Protest meetings% y% D) T% d. E% }2 P: y2 j" F% H
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! H' |% p* w& o 50. Teach-ins! `: q2 b& p& Y: q
7 ?" t- `3 X- j& N& p' }
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. B& c8 _ W% a U 51. Walk-outs; b3 l6 B. Y1 h; V' H) a
52. Silence
4 r" S8 |1 k) \5 v6 t 53. Renouncing honors
. |/ l0 {$ L/ r+ F/ |4 V 54. Turning one’s back
5 [. S- e |$ q/ u0 A7 a) m8 Y* z" I4 \( R$ c+ d
# \4 e% M! ^7 s1 b
2 }" H! Z/ J' P" r/ cTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ m) ^9 U* z, @: }
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8 x. `. l2 y" x2 Q
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Ostracism of Persons; p3 s5 n( Y1 Y. z) Y9 m
55. Social boycott. { ]3 Z% I! G$ }/ S
56. Selective social boycott3 n) v, w+ b6 f
57. Lysistratic nonaction3 C9 T9 L% R I' S, ^& t7 L8 R' P+ n
58. Excommunication
9 {2 c; N. E; k* G" B 59. Interdict5 l$ A* {6 D1 a0 v( l6 t( K8 o# C
5 ?8 Q5 T, S+ c$ E3 o! oNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: |: d5 \4 {7 o6 B; P
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' E1 [. }/ T8 l' @1 M+ M 61. Boycott of social affairs& r+ ^. G! o# R: ^( Z
62. Student strike* ^: {" Q9 A7 [9 C5 c7 R$ _
63. Social disobedience
: X/ H% I* i2 d 64. Withdrawal from social institutions: Y1 ]6 p7 v% \/ x b
# `6 v" E5 `' v$ P7 M7 P
Withdrawal from the Social System
1 L: L, _( r- H! i 65. Stay-at-home
: T, x: w# N& a/ L1 g 66. Total personal noncooperation
0 o, @- C) b5 Y3 x" g+ U 67. “Flight” of workers
7 o9 b, \$ I* i" {) E6 \$ O 68. Sanctuary3 ^1 k3 {, _4 |7 w
69. Collective disappearance* \: \( e; ~/ S0 g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
+ h" s p3 F5 t6 p4 ^9 y1 Y7 B. j9 C8 Z0 P. T% @
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# N5 v/ o! T( ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 g a8 h; \# N( i }% H! w
0 |$ L; W' s% p/ g5 D
* D2 P) B- o& R. Y8 o$ wActions by Consumers
6 M- Z/ s7 s$ O# ~8 F 71. Consumers’ boycott' h+ h+ t0 j8 G3 I W" w
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 S+ z( e1 a7 N5 e 73. Policy of austerity; O/ Z- o. x. E% }: t0 d
74. Rent withholding7 z3 d# Y6 A5 d: u) n2 g
75. Refusal to rent" Y* F5 D- B7 D+ _" u0 ^. r
76. National consumers’ boycott
, U% g: [4 q c( s9 ^9 D 77. International consumers’ boycott9 g1 w# Z. a1 p/ M+ \- L+ h
, Y! S! b* X, d; p( D( N# G
Action by Workers and Producers
* N( r( o1 g. G/ @" o' H( |' E% F 78. Workmen’s boycott) ?4 l, b1 T$ E! v$ C6 s) I2 P
79. Producers’ boycott& c, \5 r8 P% G# k. c
3 w0 @8 X# ~, l* z, HAction by Middlemen
7 U$ H. ~9 Q5 U+ i9 m& w 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ z* I/ M( k! q0 m6 N
, E/ i6 U( F N/ KAction by Owners and Management
; e- P5 C* X6 O% c" K 81. Traders’ boycott
; Z( z1 d) E0 ]: q& g 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" z3 ?: }1 ]0 {5 e9 a$ X 83. Lockout+ F6 Y/ x( `4 D; ~
84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 H/ z% B/ K7 P+ B
85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 s" f# }/ S W3 y' r& m1 \9 X
7 ?+ c% P0 R7 m% E+ SAction by Holders of Financial Resources5 K# t8 q. A% @: i2 C
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 q1 P& O$ l+ C& e ~) o
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" R I" ^. x; h! s u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 {: \- f. p# z: B" ?: c
89. Severance of funds and credit" L% P, Q: B( Y" u. x/ C+ S
90. Revenue refusal
, ^ O# a. P" l6 }. N! A 91. Refusal of a government’s money, _& F& ?. e6 B8 ~' u |- d
2 o; V' Y3 B: d& F- Q- y9 LAction by Governments
: p/ j- X6 P3 Q5 a8 E2 Q0 z 92. Domestic embargo6 u5 v# O5 _5 ^7 B! d: n
93. Blacklisting of traders6 D/ M( f: r- v6 n. C" B6 g
94. International sellers’ embargo
( t7 ] X. ]+ u( |" m% n 95. International buyers’ embargo
/ i9 K, ~, M8 f; m. P, K" G8 p 96. International trade embargo, F7 }7 j+ G# d5 O+ R1 u
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 a6 R* v! y' l$ {- U6 o$ b0 C, }
9 G1 d" |6 b9 n8 O! `- Y" ]: m
! N' M [& M( N! [Symbolic Strikes
+ j" L' W, i7 J; i. b ] 97. Protest strike
* r9 r' T' I. {& g 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 v Y6 P$ Z! P9 j8 b* E/ b- K
. }' V# B$ J; }" {4 u: a) K8 JAgricultural Strikes
. [( x" z% u4 `6 E7 T9 S 99. Peasant strike0 r+ _, l2 X; t- P0 m% v7 z
100. Farm Workers’ strike
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Strikes by Special Groups/ U J$ l, e" r f
101. Refusal of impressed labor! _/ H; B8 Z, B$ ?- C' H
102. Prisoners’ strike
5 \) c9 W9 Y- F' A9 o6 b6 K: R 103. Craft strike" W& F- M+ j3 U% j$ y/ h/ \' S
104. Professional strike
& D, ^: P: R# D5 E! l
4 n9 A% i' v! R/ nOrdinary Industrial Strikes
+ z( q7 Y# N% p- q6 L; I 105. Establishment strike
; C: N) c4 Y( T, t$ N. a 106. Industry strike. Z1 E9 m. g) }3 U/ C, p
107. Sympathetic strike" p" [. |( Q, L* W; S5 ^
4 U/ ?( [6 Q, nRestricted Strikes
( e; e' e* Y3 X% q% J7 b5 _' S 108. Detailed strike# h+ a Q6 a: r$ |
109. Bumper strike2 n# B1 U2 G5 e
110. Slowdown strike0 O+ x3 H/ s2 B
111. Working-to-rule strike
' U# y6 L4 t1 ` 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) j+ n" x8 Z d9 V: g 113. Strike by resignation
+ `( _7 d5 q' V9 Y 114. Limited strike
6 T! _8 h9 T: m0 U0 [ 115. Selective strike% g; n2 {+ a0 u' }: p/ Q
2 P) m- V1 `' n' d
Multi-Industry Strikes
' u9 r3 r6 ]1 z. d: y; s; a2 Y6 ]( B' P" q9 g4 E
116. Generalized strike
4 \- B6 j/ x( d; |
C; A* m8 f3 G" l2 [# b* Z 117. General strike$ s1 B4 O9 s5 m* F+ A
7 J) B9 c: {8 u' E5 _
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; @/ p1 ^3 ~& C4 K6 l
& I8 A* k: W; F9 {* x, c W. l 118. Hartal% M! h6 v! J+ D8 R$ P
7 L( @! v) {7 P8 t% ?
119. Economic shutdown) @% Y, w# x: n$ e6 a- C& ?! l
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6 Q: x! U2 v' \ WTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! [5 W8 B w9 P6 q
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Rejection of Authority
) L' \' ?7 y/ b0 u8 u/ K+ d& d 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. J7 V6 N6 \- ?/ \; ]) k 121. Refusal of public support
$ P% i4 O3 H5 I5 D5 C- z+ t 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( y& u f5 z% i6 E0 b$ C0 N) }6 k- o9 J4 p
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) C! N/ l9 V1 C" \9 `7 o, H) t, W 123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ e; x$ X2 w; y
124. Boycott of elections$ ?% p1 n, k8 h* s- B2 p5 c1 \
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* Y' z4 }6 f9 C; ]+ T 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. B" ~) H0 a% Y5 _# j3 h% T' H2 } 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! w& Z* U( O+ ] y& t 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, G/ b- X& o1 Y" i4 e$ Q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: p- z4 R( g5 c8 M. M; T% Z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& `3 \4 p+ [+ n8 q9 |
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials h# r- W$ x3 M* J5 z8 Y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" l& F5 ^( Q2 j/ Q
4 b7 J4 N. ?/ n; K$ sCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( w3 C, }. ^$ M6 L4 W 133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 i/ Y: g1 R$ |
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' ]% c6 t, \, V: V1 B 135. Popular nonobedience
' A$ u( a1 \4 J$ g! q' }% N5 [( E 136. Disguised disobedience# U: c* S: d% M4 q0 ]+ G
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 ]# l0 U4 U- u
138. Sitdown
9 M7 M4 F+ P' a1 P) O 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 o1 P6 K. q& ~6 p' `3 \
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
% \: e6 o+ \/ f# Z$ H- r 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 l/ z0 {5 c& h& V( n( K+ |. E$ C r7 S. W! k$ O! n
Action by Government Personnel
# P4 |+ C9 Z, x 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* M I$ F; g3 a 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. d/ b. L @( { 144. Stalling and obstruction, C! n- Q4 O7 k3 o. A; e
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 Y0 Q5 j% T8 [5 M! d/ ^. n
. @5 h7 L/ ?7 v) c6 j8 _ 146. Judicial noncooperation6 i+ J: V/ @* T0 X, r
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 ^) ^6 A% ]2 N6 ^# d1 |8 V6 f
148. Mutiny
y6 ~' v" d8 HDomestic Governmental Action0 u' t) n9 V0 v/ y x+ h
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 K5 q: t* M# L( {- F
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' ]8 P. I5 R7 Y( d1 k. Z9 j7 S0 f a3 i
International Governmental Action* J+ n0 V4 g/ M
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ @7 S; i |8 z4 H) h! X1 ]( G9 b
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 S: i$ s7 M' l$ _; b2 g 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( Z& O# U6 _- F# y# _* K; l( y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ k: n6 f" }2 ^7 o
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 U! R8 q$ Q8 v0 Q$ S* X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: f2 E# m; t0 i2 K+ t4 W
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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6 ^) u8 g8 q8 D) l9 w; B& JTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention* d1 p+ E8 W# Z5 q3 U
158. Self-exposure to the elements
" D. P/ }$ g& G3 x+ d$ o' [0 ?- P 159. The fast1 V! ?* ?3 K1 ~- {/ ~& Q' f
a) Fast of moral pressure
* o2 o& z. H$ L" {' M! } b) Hunger strike+ y) H( Z$ ?/ x8 Q
c) Satyagrahic fast
+ F Q* s6 [) Z" E8 W 160. Reverse trial9 m5 Y b3 m- T% E
161. Nonviolent harassment/ E9 J5 b: }# k" ~/ q0 O, j
( q$ [- L( O) ?
Physical Intervention6 X8 Z" j1 L8 } I2 C' S
162. Sit-in- f, F" v/ q! {# H0 \
163. Stand-in
/ |; }( @4 U! N$ l 164. Ride-in+ F# ~ n; M# H. Y
165. Wade-in4 b4 q$ m1 E$ p( O
166. Mill-in* ?; {+ T; b; i2 ~' c4 q3 j9 Y
167. Pray-in
, }6 \ A- n) J7 B; y, m9 q. v 168. Nonviolent raids
% n0 _8 F! T" G# e' x 169. Nonviolent air raids, V! u4 N( ~& @ ?
170. Nonviolent invasion
: o8 ?' ]1 K' R$ P6 J0 K1 G5 S 171. Nonviolent interjection
( w; [: O' X; N) B 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ H/ n; H- ]9 r. a
173. Nonviolent occupation
1 f6 u& U% R$ U+ T5 V
4 b2 \1 N( i9 G8 S: k2 \) M) v+ g) F8 ESocial Intervention
1 f" v! p. }' |" g1 i- R! R/ I" t 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 R; r6 N" R2 V1 ] 175. Overloading of facilities
# Q& p3 T) k0 ?3 ] 176. Stall-in
8 `4 [# d1 N: N5 B# x; W& o* t 177. Speak-in
' p) O8 H9 u2 e% g 178. Guerrilla theater5 t) c, ^% h* P% H6 y+ j9 ^$ s4 `; E" O
179. Alternative social institutions
0 O& [& \4 O: B, `: `. f 180. Alternative communication system
0 ~+ q! ]; F- `
0 Z1 W [; _5 J* U6 UEconomic Intervention! r- G% Q" M. e( C Y5 ]/ z
181. Reverse strike
+ }% g" [9 }( s* U 182. Stay-in strike
: b( e& A" E5 Z. G" b& k7 e 183. Nonviolent land seizure
" s2 J! U3 o' L* u1 x1 k. ~# @' \ 184. Defiance of blockades
, N) }: C9 ^3 \! o+ q" G 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! R& G, X8 z& j2 W$ B 186. Preclusive purchasing0 w( d& G/ P$ N& D: _
187. Seizure of assets3 T' _# g e, F7 [! H. s% t
188. Dumping
: M- m% \" v( U6 H% k6 V 189. Selective patronage5 ~. O* r$ K4 r: W8 V: A _3 b4 _
190. Alternative markets
, i1 }( ]0 S( G& h3 D2 }- ` 191. Alternative transportation systems% a+ n1 b0 e' A3 B9 r$ z
192. Alternative economic institutions9 x2 z* Y! \$ [* i7 t" i' f
7 ? c: e# I) MPolitical Intervention
8 ?2 q/ g: e$ w# x 193. Overloading of administrative systems1 \6 C M7 }/ W: x( L& f. M
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 v* g5 j+ I/ r 195. Seeking imprisonment+ P8 i- y! n7 I+ u) d. q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# O9 f, M, b( N/ A+ T% ? 197. Work-on without collaboration
& R2 U3 H! [) e/ e# O* k0 j 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 q) C& y0 O- }. F* d3 \& M+ P
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
