 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 u) `( ~/ d& [* g* E
Formal Statements9 `: M5 k X& G+ ~ V1 `( r3 P
1. Public Speeches
0 J* I% H3 l4 ` S 2. Letters of opposition or support8 D2 C5 C x: i/ C. m
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
c1 U' _ A$ H 4. Signed public statements% h4 ~' z2 p9 z4 U- p9 T8 L
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) A$ s# t8 y, \# t( E% O! k* \9 a7 { 6. Group or mass petitions' I# N0 f% @. {; h
% {' i5 p& z Y: V
Communications with a Wider Audience: Z4 v/ b# W# J$ i& \- U
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* a& D) T0 C$ [, y I
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% q6 r+ [ I9 d$ v4 t* L3 } 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 \# T; g4 u/ x- \5 a$ \
10. Newspapers and journals9 T6 I( G }# v) b* ?6 H1 Q% ^7 ?
11. Records, radio, and television8 e. F" Z( a8 V3 R
12. Skywriting and earthwriting& i8 e* K$ ~+ Q6 @6 a
) l" b! n' F5 d4 \$ S+ D. m' j. dGroup Representations5 [$ J6 k# o. Y# l5 P$ r: A
13. Deputations
+ G5 O% p @4 Y6 e5 k6 { 14. Mock awards
: p$ X1 M. ~6 C" H- i; k# H8 M2 y 15. Group lobbying# [# u4 A1 @1 }4 F( d- f+ F
16. Picketing
6 ~) f- Q9 K8 Z9 m/ m1 \$ P) F 17. Mock elections
, z: W, [9 T' P4 T; h' I6 ?, s% J2 T7 g
Symbolic Public Acts8 |9 p; n* O& I0 y: W' E; |
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& A3 I8 A9 x/ f" E. k h" a6 D
19. Wearing of symbols" c' y& A: ~3 |8 `
20. Prayer and worship+ W3 t( }% z; C% J' E" ~. S; d
21. Delivering symbolic objects# K$ L9 c4 \" R
22. Protest disrobings c7 ?! x! N7 f; B6 j, p
23. Destruction of own property
7 b$ @) d! S5 j I% s' B" j2 ` 24. Symbolic lights, l3 j0 Y1 A6 Y) L O
25. Displays of portraits' @8 W, L& ^: P4 s) @, r" o/ d
26. Paint as protest1 h. g4 J7 G3 ^/ _0 L6 E2 ]
27. New signs and names$ g+ [, t! D: V7 X
28. Symbolic sounds
6 M( ?0 P! C7 U1 r2 a+ A5 F9 ` 29. Symbolic reclamations
?4 V$ A9 _1 a8 z2 d" U& y! } 30. Rude gestures
/ j% h- V% M. l$ m- S7 n# {# G' X7 L. P& _) {( Y6 s
Pressures on Individuals( h! I4 w- f/ ~$ S6 z, s* G l
31. “Haunting” officials1 D6 e! G- P5 Z( q, I( E/ M
32. Taunting officials4 K. _2 x$ `' n2 E+ D1 e
33. Fraternization9 j: e) j: t2 E+ G; d" q
34. Vigils
- t; u2 a% ^. B1 k5 s: B4 z
. T; X( h5 z R+ y9 UDrama and Music
0 \3 P, l7 \( C- [0 L 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- P& o8 E( G( u# e/ h1 x 36. Performances of plays and music2 e, A; G$ \9 j6 E. ]9 X) j
37. Singing
. j- y9 ?8 C1 M7 l- T* z
7 V0 K* h7 I# y6 b0 B0 p$ ZProcessions6 Q2 j2 |6 k- p" Q: ^; _2 i A
38. Marches* B- ]6 _% m. J! i/ z; P
39. Parades' y7 ^7 T/ n2 U5 m# v
40. Religious processions/ y' V# u& D% ^6 ~1 |) r- p4 J
41. Pilgrimages
% Y" T+ p6 j- I4 \5 W3 { 42. Motorcades
, W0 F! I- i/ m' i6 T7 j2 ~" c% R8 q8 g2 F/ k8 J5 A1 l3 W" {% w
Honoring the Dead
5 ?, u/ F. ?5 H9 e r 43. Political mourning8 {) X/ B' U, e$ Y1 M
44. Mock funerals
. S# n: {/ T, x/ n J 45. Demonstrative funerals
! @$ j7 ]6 o0 H* ~9 ^1 d 46. Homage at burial places
1 k+ V8 _% M" b; X- x
0 o3 ^, Z( }' i, ^Public Assemblies
+ G5 Z% n% t$ }9 B. {6 n 47. Assemblies of protest or support
# x- r3 n9 E% z0 t5 g% a2 V 48. Protest meetings/ D' A% x& D! N7 e* G! X; J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ a( x4 i0 N) ]5 z# I: U 50. Teach-ins
% G7 N) s7 ~7 N0 J7 \8 ^8 b, v& C
& f( A4 _4 L8 \1 ^7 `Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 Q5 R/ i: y& ], ~ 51. Walk-outs
3 @, s0 ?( w$ b 52. Silence
t2 i+ C1 e% c) Q 53. Renouncing honors3 h9 K, f" K6 O* h1 D; U1 R
54. Turning one’s back
9 P2 N4 _1 m2 w1 D$ ^
/ ?# `1 F& ?/ c, a# S # M5 t2 N- ]; x1 U
, _& N4 k) t$ P2 |9 S4 x
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* p; ~/ G6 c ^
6 i* U) [4 C$ D: t& S$ B, B
( c }4 k% G' {+ i
' M. J' Y. {+ ]$ ?Ostracism of Persons
: [* w8 P, b% d; ~7 F/ x; A 55. Social boycott' f; u p! t5 L& w+ V
56. Selective social boycott
5 \+ H6 P( n0 L: o+ D 57. Lysistratic nonaction7 F* ~& k' z8 x# j q V# M; q
58. Excommunication% a- t" z# R$ ~6 |2 |
59. Interdict
7 t9 a0 Z5 |$ n7 `+ w- }; o7 b0 _- }% u' ^" p A) Y- [# N& G
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: m2 C- D. J {
60. Suspension of social and sports activities f/ l) H u) L7 E$ \
61. Boycott of social affairs
8 v0 v$ X- @2 i ]) @6 r/ B 62. Student strike
9 r6 g( h: _. W/ M' o/ j1 P/ c 63. Social disobedience
) i8 h- T. `# U9 M' s, d' M 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 N$ j4 l; ]5 t' f3 P; H) G
2 |5 _" m4 l. R8 m
Withdrawal from the Social System. j, W; E; S% p$ m4 a" r* Y
65. Stay-at-home. s5 l$ @4 }8 i5 q. p" x, z
66. Total personal noncooperation
# S a$ h+ O4 A 67. “Flight” of workers
7 K* i \% a9 x0 y" @4 z 68. Sanctuary
% C6 Q" y$ V9 G$ c1 }9 o 69. Collective disappearance
) c f1 Y6 y8 Y; E# s2 f+ S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
+ y+ H j- V' U, p8 w' ^! ]# U# a1 l+ L5 V( \9 W9 z, K# G
* H$ E/ y8 j# U
: Z. _6 P& v* S6 z2 ?3 RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! h3 c. g8 E1 J/ v% x( |+ I. F: e
5 R+ m3 W: I0 r) Y& F! R. A
! u) r# T% ?1 E" o. ?
Actions by Consumers: L b. R" r! ^# ?6 h
71. Consumers’ boycott* c3 A- H& S( P6 I% j, [2 K! K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, ~" H5 U! z, G: H% n
73. Policy of austerity
* S5 H" j1 h1 o! n% j) N" y6 @ 74. Rent withholding5 m9 w5 W6 R4 ^: x y' c* M% p
75. Refusal to rent
; Z0 h: p! T, V4 W 76. National consumers’ boycott% B* j( A& ~* x& Q
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 d7 \. w7 q, [: {* X3 T Z
0 l% r3 o8 t. _0 y1 Q! d. nAction by Workers and Producers
8 W7 T# J; n9 n" F, K( c4 Y7 O; b 78. Workmen’s boycott; o. w4 M/ ` x
79. Producers’ boycott1 U( R( t, S \2 I" D k+ o
0 {! ]0 B. I0 e9 l% ]4 k' [0 OAction by Middlemen
. t9 c& m4 j$ q I$ e- {, g 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% S3 U5 F+ U* X. Q6 P6 c. `
: F( k4 a8 C9 G! O: D. k9 GAction by Owners and Management5 Y: n; Y" T8 s: J; }4 j& Z9 k0 w9 E
81. Traders’ boycott3 m2 x, J' m }7 h* U
82. Refusal to let or sell property
* i. x* T' U3 E0 l- ^ 83. Lockout
7 X! C% ~& K, m e7 k8 f* H 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ ?1 o. N i( c7 W( { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ F# X: ]# i1 ]: b( y/ w; Y
; c, u; ^, f, b7 P0 Z, k0 k2 \6 |Action by Holders of Financial Resources
+ w7 b$ B0 h) ~* a7 H" | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 U1 v& Q1 |! Q/ e- V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ U7 J* c) K" t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 N: n* S, W( P, f i* v0 x
89. Severance of funds and credit& Z/ \+ q0 b' `" _
90. Revenue refusal) f. u4 K$ R2 K
91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ e9 {3 [9 h/ d( S
4 }! z: K0 D9 m, [Action by Governments
9 }" ~4 |. ? J4 E; e3 s$ K 92. Domestic embargo% q5 W% y5 q# }7 x7 n
93. Blacklisting of traders8 g) p& l5 s; J) { }1 T
94. International sellers’ embargo
# j% w7 r2 D7 y n1 M- r; H2 S) F 95. International buyers’ embargo4 T4 c) F6 } h. c% ^' F
96. International trade embargo
) Y0 l( R& W# t9 ?, @2 n! r4 g6 x0 n8 g' Y% w. n% }8 G
% N1 ?6 E# |. ]4 G8 S% P' e
! l& z( E% p4 L* p/ XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
' o/ U. d1 ^4 F6 F i
, {* q5 @8 f$ a; h3 r9 c
]7 A" V1 r9 r6 `Symbolic Strikes
( T1 a9 ^5 m0 q9 k' ^7 Z2 `& K$ a4 A 97. Protest strike
& z, W7 ]+ {/ Q9 K n 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% G Z$ I( s2 Q, c9 Q1 V! `& ]7 R$ X. ^0 s
Agricultural Strikes* Y; G0 T' G- f+ l" R! T
99. Peasant strike
% W7 o/ {0 k" Y% s) i! R 100. Farm Workers’ strike
- I+ d9 k- C% T. H F& a3 h5 h
, _* B! L$ _9 q. ]Strikes by Special Groups, |8 h- v* m+ O; v+ R- q' [/ \! S( U9 V
101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 j# C) x& Z0 r5 p4 d, i" e 102. Prisoners’ strike
/ o I0 |- o( |+ ~. r 103. Craft strike
( u* S+ S8 Y8 `2 q0 w3 t9 E 104. Professional strike
7 e) g! a! b' B D- ]1 g1 E- s! F
/ e4 o0 |' ~! v- o" n+ f% N$ ?$ BOrdinary Industrial Strikes
) R/ b1 r" i. Q& f 105. Establishment strike
7 ~0 v) x. t) T" J/ g, Z; L8 E 106. Industry strike
% O8 e( ~) O; e; L. U& e; E, V 107. Sympathetic strike# Y! _& D& w6 N4 r! G n0 G
) \% P# t4 _: I; [Restricted Strikes
; v" W" K7 k4 D 108. Detailed strike) v0 q8 |3 f( i& T
109. Bumper strike
0 M8 x/ _; ^; E7 ^ 110. Slowdown strike
, Z5 f3 L# w% x8 s; ~* L; o0 J1 [ 111. Working-to-rule strike! p3 |+ I5 @3 N9 L
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& c7 O4 h" y# L6 e/ ]
113. Strike by resignation" Q* v& p/ h$ q$ D7 y
114. Limited strike
8 [0 l$ U: R% P2 Y# ~' n 115. Selective strike
1 I5 B) O% R2 ?& w7 P
5 }: \/ |! N- O6 n# Z2 ZMulti-Industry Strikes
; `4 F4 L, ?" q# F$ e% Y% @4 g- ?6 }! k7 s% \$ ?1 ?' }
116. Generalized strike
! E7 n1 G; k: n4 G7 J8 |5 o$ d8 Z s z$ `3 H
117. General strike
: C" W7 J# ]2 D8 O; g& ]) o C% W6 ]+ P9 b& v0 s" w* M
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 _$ P8 k ~6 F7 s, \# @1 V
% _+ U2 T; P6 C* {
118. Hartal
/ m" Z! |0 q( p# t* e
% Z& {+ ?* ?" ?" z 119. Economic shutdown( l8 H, ~' R) c% Z' o1 r9 V$ S
8 Z9 f; }* {: ?3 o
" u. K9 _- n& u3 N
O, I! q, b( R' k# |7 PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* r# Q3 G) d4 Z" e2 q( p# U
1 t( v1 N% e$ V( v
9 H$ D/ S& G u. A* nRejection of Authority/ V6 T5 j4 y$ @; d4 l- B" |
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ H" g4 B# u, `+ o2 W
121. Refusal of public support
. _6 G0 Y8 Y) C! v$ r7 w 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- p# e& c, F6 C4 G2 r! l
; i. s5 ?% y/ W7 d: |
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 {2 H1 g4 Y) w9 M; P7 l) q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies# a: ~ _- |- }# q, c
124. Boycott of elections
p4 r' H/ f5 e$ D) r 125. Boycott of government employment and positions. `0 {& L8 w8 x
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* d6 B0 N6 U/ S4 c: x& x
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: I0 Z: N7 M/ A. X* R3 Q; i J
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- z, p# x# Y, N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
[3 O7 U4 b8 d& a- _# J 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. e3 u; s9 m- Y6 E7 v 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! B" S8 w( f4 o& d/ ? 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 J' V2 D9 I( p( d& \
/ Z# F' j. B- ?! T6 qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. f+ k+ c: X+ S9 q+ [4 o" v 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 J; }& Z" D1 B- D- q9 E# r" ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 {! l' X3 Y, @$ k+ [" @ 135. Popular nonobedience- [$ D; ~. Y% g7 Q& d, R6 H9 ?
136. Disguised disobedience
; Q2 p% n( |4 ^& i3 F 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse w* |" E( }7 `$ \
138. Sitdown% e5 ~4 n) ?# l
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 P4 G+ p7 B1 B+ X1 l 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ m1 \. ~. N7 _1 K! P) H
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& x& ~- X9 k$ Z9 ^
+ p: Z2 K2 y! @Action by Government Personnel
, F3 |9 A5 |; |8 z+ w _# u1 j$ p7 [ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 o$ Q% ]( B- M
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) g. r, E4 F! H( j3 h 144. Stalling and obstruction1 A/ E$ M8 q2 |+ {0 p5 `
145. General administrative noncooperation
3 B" d# z+ R$ {* p1 U
- U, |5 y# n/ V( X 146. Judicial noncooperation
* M$ |, |3 H. ~' ]4 @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; E! [& t& g2 q6 C+ k g3 j
148. Mutiny. Z2 F& K, c7 ~, `+ p3 Q8 g
Domestic Governmental Action, N% W0 A1 v9 J2 T
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& L3 |- X/ X4 ^" I3 {$ I 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* \0 h2 H& Z5 p+ g) q+ g7 W1 k Z7 D# I7 |% U; {( J% Z! ~
International Governmental Action) c! e8 G( m: s& O1 P8 }9 t0 v! j
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 l* R9 h& w4 z, K8 z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 c/ Z& f' `7 g8 J# [4 C 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 @* V d& A* d7 N
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" U9 P( y5 G+ z0 _& F 155. Withdrawal from international organizations. E: e. e1 P; n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& k9 R. z+ i; K5 K; L, i
157. Expulsion from international organizations
* x9 r4 ]( `3 x' }. g; E9 K- x' q, i- U1 b+ S, H# P
( |/ i0 `# p: ?9 q
0 D+ Z, Y) P$ Q9 GTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" k6 v# ^ ?+ [
: R: n$ H" ^4 x4 `- a* N5 i' h- l
' v) J! X. a3 g, h" ~9 iPsychological Intervention
0 h6 O7 F. r2 I* k3 X$ d" g& Z 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# ]( G. L) V9 S' [ 159. The fast: R: w1 F5 ]/ K3 }+ B/ K6 U! g% |
a) Fast of moral pressure: R! _7 B5 {; ^3 z6 I+ m
b) Hunger strike
* a2 p8 }, l" n c) Satyagrahic fast. z1 t9 u% F" n# Q
160. Reverse trial
/ e* X! q1 U \% U7 i& v 161. Nonviolent harassment
& I: ?: w6 j+ X" h7 O5 V, z& d
2 g: l: w& q+ f `. aPhysical Intervention
W* b( e5 P( }/ i1 u9 C g 162. Sit-in
& ]" o4 V) d: ~3 X/ r9 p 163. Stand-in
/ k% L7 ?6 Y `4 W% e 164. Ride-in7 ?2 z! i0 ]9 \" I5 x4 P
165. Wade-in8 O: R R3 l2 p" j# n! _9 p
166. Mill-in
, z+ K3 n2 b J- ~: P5 y 167. Pray-in. s9 t) ^+ g5 s$ J
168. Nonviolent raids+ y1 M4 d5 u3 o8 S
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 h. w, ], r4 i0 w 170. Nonviolent invasion9 s: ?) a( {8 h$ p$ z' c: k x. l
171. Nonviolent interjection6 m6 m7 S" [3 |, T* {
172. Nonviolent obstruction* t/ T V& L. ~
173. Nonviolent occupation1 z$ y" k2 T$ A, U4 t! ~/ W& A
0 a; [/ @* c& J' R/ K9 z
Social Intervention3 B2 R8 m; H' s* q
174. Establishing new social patterns
) N) P+ {# C1 y 175. Overloading of facilities$ o* _- }' ^% o$ F
176. Stall-in# ?& n: M: S6 Z3 Z5 g
177. Speak-in0 J4 Z3 j2 x4 D2 P* B% t
178. Guerrilla theater! }3 C3 ^! A3 r1 V$ Z( R% a
179. Alternative social institutions
! ?, u3 e' ^; u# p; x 180. Alternative communication system1 A" I( i* {" J6 o
, k9 X0 q% o" m7 `; @' w' {
Economic Intervention
/ m( A# {. i0 {- n& i) f 181. Reverse strike
y- Q( f( ~# \( S: Z 182. Stay-in strike) [' {2 s9 v4 h" L1 v/ _- W
183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 o d3 Y8 i6 m; g! W$ I6 | 184. Defiance of blockades5 z* R/ V v" ^$ R" p8 Y: h
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 z: c8 d7 @, ^% s 186. Preclusive purchasing; V/ }' r) J1 i, W
187. Seizure of assets! E, W/ P$ ?( \# r! l7 Z5 E w! |
188. Dumping+ U" i) |* m1 K
189. Selective patronage
& u F2 m' v8 F* C1 V9 |; D; G 190. Alternative markets
9 E @: ~7 J# f8 G% s 191. Alternative transportation systems/ G/ e( Z8 r! A' S8 ^4 b
192. Alternative economic institutions
: l6 A8 c' ~. C8 I8 _1 u
8 j+ u0 s8 N1 PPolitical Intervention
- \, r1 p/ B- T! q/ x 193. Overloading of administrative systems/ y- c: O1 `! q0 {. V% u( ?/ y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( V- \8 k& _! @! _+ G' m0 @4 A
195. Seeking imprisonment
& n2 D& T7 b( j3 s V8 r 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! h! r: ` w4 A1 k# k; h; B 197. Work-on without collaboration
0 T8 J: o$ ^ j! ^ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
0 @* B: G; }3 A1 p( s) n4 m: j' E% g4 e8 c" J: J. E8 C
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
