 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 E' f4 S; ]- m0 c0 H6 b# N! B _Formal Statements1 q- a& g& h7 j
1. Public Speeches, S- F: f: \0 B
2. Letters of opposition or support0 S& G& n/ y, m! t7 c5 k+ V
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ E5 n4 V7 Z7 u9 i
4. Signed public statements& p, j6 \0 `% v/ H- ~, Z; ]$ H3 Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: k1 e, K! y; Q5 z; j$ H: }( b 6. Group or mass petitions
2 b# J( S1 O: @8 ~0 R6 g, j6 M! h. P4 ~. l$ c
Communications with a Wider Audience
9 O6 q$ q7 L1 o 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 W" q( b* ]0 V9 G! a+ ` 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ Q. A7 o" S' J) _" ]' y; _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 m6 D$ O9 |' R2 W' @! D2 J; R* ^
10. Newspapers and journals
' a' p6 H/ _; [, w" m 11. Records, radio, and television
Z5 ]2 o7 _3 t$ Y3 l: \6 Z# w7 o 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: h; ^6 Q: a8 g ]1 d
' Q' N0 c. G& F, e& @Group Representations. ^: n) v; r' E4 {
13. Deputations6 j' j2 f6 A. p+ r. V8 H
14. Mock awards
0 ]; P- y# C# Z( A3 o 15. Group lobbying- _! A6 p2 ~+ j9 C
16. Picketing
3 `2 d7 ?% u$ x! A3 D+ ]/ U0 [ 17. Mock elections6 v% a9 U" v! h) D+ X: O0 j
* ^8 `6 {+ l1 v7 j/ ~! r9 v
Symbolic Public Acts
5 N: ]% R% u) t* U: X 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ z; O3 B! [3 n* V
19. Wearing of symbols" D4 |. H) l- @9 @
20. Prayer and worship7 a# a9 o% l3 R1 ~$ w- g( X$ [- G
21. Delivering symbolic objects
! m/ |1 Q* Q! K+ W1 D5 I, g4 n 22. Protest disrobings
$ I) ]# q+ G5 b% E( ` 23. Destruction of own property7 b5 Q& Y: S" Y4 v- F0 Z" x2 d
24. Symbolic lights+ k5 D) V! R& e& K, f% h% j& B
25. Displays of portraits5 }* Y9 p# U6 {% N: k, R7 z
26. Paint as protest
4 u/ d: C4 ?# C) V6 h, |" }$ g0 X 27. New signs and names/ e: n, c6 {6 Z# e; N m" I
28. Symbolic sounds
! x9 M% H3 _/ X8 B+ b9 I, r 29. Symbolic reclamations
9 {8 `; f( [& u8 A% }/ x8 g) t 30. Rude gestures
: y; b7 F6 c2 w+ l1 \. r4 T6 D) N7 D% S0 Q1 `* @& L/ o
Pressures on Individuals
( I6 }" g9 M+ _/ ^2 L 31. “Haunting” officials% u7 U4 j. e F
32. Taunting officials
* r: N( P& c) L$ ` 33. Fraternization% |; ]* \) P7 s* U' P+ A
34. Vigils
6 m7 K2 O# p! C" e3 Z1 I) R- ?/ U# ^+ y) J9 G, o6 g$ D! Q
Drama and Music! P" Q% D* I2 A# |6 P1 h+ d
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 e4 G# \& m) b 36. Performances of plays and music0 `; E2 p& f9 m) C. W' Y0 M7 p
37. Singing9 x5 s" S G" d3 M, K3 t
) {% _ G2 A7 @$ j" vProcessions
6 \8 X+ X' m1 {# W* \! s 38. Marches
/ N" F: z; {' o) I/ r 39. Parades6 X7 w5 Y" P" I4 Z
40. Religious processions
; A4 P/ n, T& A7 r4 c* Q7 w8 h 41. Pilgrimages8 G% l4 g/ k& h! U- b
42. Motorcades3 Q* [" L" s+ q: U W2 T8 \
- o, z7 H+ y9 f: z
Honoring the Dead
; F! z: w8 n( t1 y 43. Political mourning
. u0 w: N$ P: O$ b4 w9 G 44. Mock funerals0 l1 K2 t5 B+ d
45. Demonstrative funerals; C5 k+ z0 T) S5 j8 A
46. Homage at burial places
; |( J4 |2 { F& C; K! ]" V6 P! \3 E0 x, }' N! a! S( n0 g
Public Assemblies8 X; i# w7 e: |( C# h+ d* V
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 r) Z+ |+ {: n
48. Protest meetings* W+ g3 [2 W7 f* f# f3 c' W
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 `0 ~6 Z4 A% K2 c' \+ H 50. Teach-ins2 x, ~- I. D) S* p+ U! L
7 R8 o M, b! rWithdrawal and Renunciation* C) F4 H+ |7 v& V2 |7 j
51. Walk-outs* L4 W8 ]# g7 V
52. Silence- F2 d9 D# I( A1 g: e3 I l+ w
53. Renouncing honors7 F5 z0 a" P* w% Q( g4 g
54. Turning one’s back5 ~( S' \9 S. v& r: }
8 h- @7 `8 D b, V- e
, U f' g' E- u# ], ]1 y! Y+ [
! {8 U$ N! G$ p) m+ u3 DTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* U; F" I; l _
; D( v! C' y7 G; z
! w4 D$ A4 i7 z( l q
, b7 ]- H0 {; x) GOstracism of Persons
' E3 v: `8 O6 F 55. Social boycott
, U* q4 z& ? h1 C$ C- {0 W0 I6 Z M 56. Selective social boycott; c* m5 E" v. W7 W; [2 X
57. Lysistratic nonaction
) i5 P3 Y5 l$ `+ G# F' g9 S 58. Excommunication1 P9 r. y0 t5 u0 c; K
59. Interdict9 c" \5 `5 R, Y# n Q9 q
. ~) i3 v }! O9 {Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
7 A l& f3 b! e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities. G) q' y2 U0 F$ H8 O! }2 f4 ^& i
61. Boycott of social affairs# ^! U. H: t/ W- y( F& b
62. Student strike
4 `( m& A1 w+ | 63. Social disobedience
# B& u/ \3 R0 J* N 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# T& J& M1 Y6 d% h: W+ o& n* o
( G; @4 Z5 i) [Withdrawal from the Social System6 a3 Y$ b# R3 L% Q& a% x
65. Stay-at-home8 F& J; c" Z* \4 Q8 _. d7 D
66. Total personal noncooperation
3 P0 Y, w1 I9 W 67. “Flight” of workers
' w/ e5 o6 l! V% i2 @! A4 s 68. Sanctuary! {7 w- _* T, x6 }
69. Collective disappearance2 Z' t0 N* l% D) z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 Q/ L! X" g9 q* V' K2 S
( }: N9 c: }0 |2 e: x
) p4 _9 p) \( Y4 F: ?" A$ y2 q
+ j7 S) p0 v/ _# ]7 z) mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 l9 T7 S* ?0 w$ [: Y: K
7 V8 Q* A% I0 G' X
4 A6 Z. ~( x" v* w( f- QActions by Consumers: R4 t* V" f# b& s9 q2 ]
71. Consumers’ boycott9 n/ x1 i2 y+ J
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ L' O$ N% f7 j$ T, ~ 73. Policy of austerity: s" J7 v$ l- @* a$ H% e
74. Rent withholding
2 X3 ~2 l) p) a. j! f' ^. H 75. Refusal to rent" g1 K3 H$ E/ I- z* B7 }
76. National consumers’ boycott
4 O* ?* C' _* e& m' l2 b) [ x 77. International consumers’ boycott* b( R' t0 t. v1 j: K! M$ K9 t+ S0 Q
2 w; R* T# H/ r; K0 S. F0 \Action by Workers and Producers& }1 G+ e( v8 n
78. Workmen’s boycott& y. b& o2 @: G' a2 e( K
79. Producers’ boycott0 L* A8 X$ c) c4 H
9 P: k* F/ d3 I1 r( h* Y) R
Action by Middlemen
9 n4 R9 B& o8 b/ G0 X0 P 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 _0 o9 O- `4 I* C3 ]& b6 Y
& N1 q; q3 X! t9 PAction by Owners and Management# g I, r- H( E
81. Traders’ boycott
5 j" W9 X g) N! q7 W* I/ Y+ v+ \% k 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" P u+ z! r/ a* K 83. Lockout; K/ }2 Y: d# {2 k* b
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' v/ d! J4 k. _+ H, V& y Q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# A; a7 C3 x" G4 J
) i$ P7 ~9 {9 yAction by Holders of Financial Resources* z$ ~, P+ D& o( G$ N
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits* Z4 X1 }0 } b+ n8 T0 [* }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 c2 j8 ~- Z1 I
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& `. y" A$ r; r) L 89. Severance of funds and credit
, i+ |. ?8 q& R 90. Revenue refusal
# e3 u+ I7 x5 f+ f. u 91. Refusal of a government’s money5 u* }5 K" i' b0 ?
* s, ?% |& S6 {' }- W. Q& |
Action by Governments
7 D7 N" o3 c3 N5 ^. R, D6 [7 O& N6 w0 R 92. Domestic embargo
# A4 X4 v1 Z4 i* i 93. Blacklisting of traders4 c* G( O, c, R2 y: h2 K
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ q' W# h/ R2 w 95. International buyers’ embargo
& a0 F) N% a- ~7 c2 s 96. International trade embargo
: ~8 f. l R$ B8 l6 [1 e! M$ d" K7 U; i* t/ R/ w4 t$ B
E, e/ a+ ~$ \! t" E$ d2 E% _( s
1 r: R* V4 ?' rTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: N. u, V9 s% n# C
& ?+ A3 D! I/ \: Q& {
+ Z9 K* `3 e) H5 L$ b5 mSymbolic Strikes
* {4 n9 h: A T: |0 A 97. Protest strike8 y9 `% I; v8 X( K6 `, S
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) z2 F4 H. U) u+ w, x9 f$ m2 V1 c
7 J6 i9 n! a$ e! B
Agricultural Strikes9 j. J- g) C6 A" e
99. Peasant strike
8 i% E0 o& Z& N1 O 100. Farm Workers’ strike
# J- s6 O+ _+ C' n' X1 f, i
: C' Q4 d! ^$ ~$ x/ r5 TStrikes by Special Groups
7 M6 x: s( Z1 R% g% E$ T 101. Refusal of impressed labor q5 T e1 j4 l: X
102. Prisoners’ strike
: b* C7 R6 a( K4 h% @ 103. Craft strike2 `9 E8 x% k$ a6 z- z2 Q+ @
104. Professional strike
x9 A7 ~0 x4 b+ x$ R7 z* W3 f( B4 G- u% ~: U: x+ T
Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 O( A9 K* ~8 f$ d. B( }# \" e7 ?' I
105. Establishment strike
- ~" ]) L2 _% }( r% y7 Z 106. Industry strike
1 F+ {5 y* v! j0 P% p6 e2 Y2 { 107. Sympathetic strike
9 X& ]$ L3 e0 L) r: s! R" T/ j8 S' y+ m `6 F0 [: k6 n0 ?
Restricted Strikes; E, O9 p4 Z; O/ e2 I6 ~
108. Detailed strike
' D+ f, d( V* V+ E" f" h 109. Bumper strike, w/ B+ S, b, }* _' u' T' ?1 D( [. Y
110. Slowdown strike ?" t7 B/ y! \& F5 g3 P! O3 o2 u
111. Working-to-rule strike
0 v- _7 z9 q# I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, ?" i+ S$ I$ M! C8 o- C+ L$ D' L 113. Strike by resignation
- N" V& K% J" Q+ |+ } 114. Limited strike
8 j. E7 I. u0 G e, l2 u" Y& L- Z 115. Selective strike
$ L2 }, i5 [, \
' S4 H/ I- S: U7 i+ [Multi-Industry Strikes
0 N# k/ w0 q, K6 x, t" G0 ^4 A+ A" Y* B I5 W! r! D
116. Generalized strike
+ w' q: E* U. N0 {% [8 {+ F3 H4 U; o) z7 c' D$ V1 b5 N" H/ f
117. General strike4 b0 |- ?( |: n5 ?3 T7 I! b
2 x; H7 M% G0 P; K8 yCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( ]- h9 q9 z& K7 [7 D! g2 ?, D$ a S9 O
118. Hartal- M$ B$ l2 M3 E: K5 j5 Z5 D; @
& f/ D3 G6 J1 l& S5 h5 Q) V& I# \, J
119. Economic shutdown
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1 k9 b% Y6 A1 j B
3 \! @- ?! @4 I! W$ fTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
7 r3 D/ a4 w; b1 v6 B% X4 z! f1 ]% ?$ D) V
) |1 W1 }) O+ ]
Rejection of Authority
! U( b9 L$ g# z0 A8 y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ O/ r& ?( p! k" @7 d4 ~1 M 121. Refusal of public support
' e8 v! Y/ I( m& H 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- p6 w; X$ v% D; q) C1 |7 x
6 ]" t2 q9 k5 E HCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government R- a2 W( C' U; U
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ D# d- c& Q6 e( {7 A; E
124. Boycott of elections
- K \# y+ t- t! a; c: ?0 Q4 ? 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 l7 O+ e: t2 e& h1 I% S; Z$ \' Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
2 w) s( u) ~# q; o: X4 p 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 N4 N/ Y0 u6 ~; A 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 e3 y# [' i( O% b2 H" {6 w! A
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents @# a, z- @7 ~6 N
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 c' o, z; h. P3 Y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ C2 m0 k& L$ @& ^
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& N+ ]. T0 D% Y0 k q
M1 D. C$ b) i+ n h2 h; u& p) d
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 ^+ a- B0 C3 Q6 D5 v 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( C% Y6 F( y/ d8 @9 H3 a5 M 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision K, b8 \! Z* N* ?% u
135. Popular nonobedience3 \7 x8 N& D2 l+ Z+ }
136. Disguised disobedience9 u4 e0 o4 h5 g+ _6 ]8 C6 @! G& C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 w: N! E; m/ |: K; ?4 E' t
138. Sitdown
$ f8 K$ t* p; g/ e1 W7 k& B: O 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
[% E% f; v; ?! K& ]$ W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 W' o8 f; B# _; b1 V f' O 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% v0 X/ I$ b0 A9 E( Y2 q: b, ^* S7 Q8 p( I0 d
Action by Government Personnel( N9 I% H- U2 S. @; v
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 J* M0 V, `9 t9 n
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( X( V: B2 d% W" F
144. Stalling and obstruction
" l3 I9 H- B/ B; Y: k) h 145. General administrative noncooperation5 h7 m* V2 N/ ^
( G4 e. r# ?2 X8 T5 R1 N8 h8 u
146. Judicial noncooperation
6 g6 G1 d, @* I# ~, G: D, y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% |* k! k7 E! M' U) D+ o
148. Mutiny1 C( Y) ^0 ^+ n9 H
Domestic Governmental Action
% [( R/ [. i0 Z3 |8 f 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, \, C+ \1 B) g' `" ]: q4 T+ D
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 Q! w. s. W, j& |& K! R
$ K! y7 I$ u5 ~* [International Governmental Action
3 ?% F! Q- q3 D: ]8 i3 i$ d0 h 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 l) H+ ? B" G! h% o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 k, W: t( D( \) ]- x0 I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 H# d" L& p$ e* T! J+ W0 P
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
2 g* O8 |+ z0 O* {& O 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( ], t( e' h5 p6 \9 z" J 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' l# t- E B7 M# ?. s) z$ r. _! M 157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 P: b, h4 H* G, m! ?' n( v+ d* [
, P6 M% q2 y) z1 y5 b' O, ~5 C+ A, ]/ Z u% e5 ^5 q! p
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
5 F5 U( s9 j1 x9 N, t [' ]. \/ j6 i; M a" F4 c; V
8 [3 Z1 ?9 f7 E( A5 S7 ~
Psychological Intervention. ^7 m1 v& _& H! T8 O5 C
158. Self-exposure to the elements3 S5 f5 w( A( c' C T
159. The fast
( y) U" q: B. G. c" q a) Fast of moral pressure
0 U, i) [- b+ q2 C# B) _ b) Hunger strike
+ v: U Q- x! C% _6 o7 B2 ? c) Satyagrahic fast* M0 q3 Q9 l7 W. j7 S; A
160. Reverse trial+ U o; _1 A0 J' S3 e
161. Nonviolent harassment/ R: A$ m, M& P5 I8 G; a H
9 y# j8 v5 `8 O* x9 D
Physical Intervention0 {: Y' O9 h) P% q
162. Sit-in
# u6 s( s/ d3 S) Q7 j 163. Stand-in
$ N2 X$ `5 N4 E7 L, s' A 164. Ride-in& l; P/ \/ Q% N8 Z7 ^' f: s
165. Wade-in
* q9 F# Y1 u# f% e- D7 T$ F 166. Mill-in
2 J' Z5 U3 @8 V, n6 j 167. Pray-in
$ X7 X" y# l* ` F" c& s" z 168. Nonviolent raids; d/ C9 }" ?& E( M( _
169. Nonviolent air raids" {6 |& d& S/ v
170. Nonviolent invasion
* U9 @' J q4 A* Y+ ]3 ~ 171. Nonviolent interjection) S; O! ]; u( k7 S0 u& ~) ~$ Q% N
172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 Q$ V. X: {1 w, p 173. Nonviolent occupation
2 P* k3 i% O* d: Z3 o
. Q( w# @: F6 M$ Q6 |, J5 i5 GSocial Intervention6 j6 b! n- U- P- u2 ?% d3 p
174. Establishing new social patterns
- W5 j- B/ c& a+ j/ I+ d( A) k' [ 175. Overloading of facilities
' w6 x8 U r4 b8 E n$ v) F2 h 176. Stall-in
* b) W. o/ U6 V& Q& M$ s 177. Speak-in: `& { r) i4 U4 F& s M% d
178. Guerrilla theater0 F6 \0 b1 {; d6 w e4 a! @$ {
179. Alternative social institutions
2 @ A+ P: r% S# m+ r4 y! f. P9 e 180. Alternative communication system
) S" g, y; G5 e
) S+ D6 x. ?/ E; Q, V: ^8 DEconomic Intervention+ r2 @" f, j6 v& l6 U2 g
181. Reverse strike' ~/ A9 r! R8 e5 r5 R) N% x% n7 K
182. Stay-in strike t( A; T/ G3 ?9 p! d! Z
183. Nonviolent land seizure
- H# y; ? [1 O7 F; t) W$ x 184. Defiance of blockades! \; D9 ^( s0 G" s4 ?- f- X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ l: U/ _+ q0 y9 }* ?
186. Preclusive purchasing( \4 c0 _, Y9 @& ?" g4 ~
187. Seizure of assets$ u: z( o1 m* ]
188. Dumping5 y% |4 t8 d4 g0 j. F
189. Selective patronage6 ?: q& G# Y" t5 R
190. Alternative markets% O. x! E m9 B' o" ^8 L) I8 \4 g
191. Alternative transportation systems
& m7 E* U7 h* P" S. A' S3 q 192. Alternative economic institutions+ M4 g/ O9 i1 w$ U4 I
1 |2 D1 i9 r* H a, U- dPolitical Intervention' O% }: n8 ^# u3 v- C
193. Overloading of administrative systems
; n# j6 g5 I2 z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
/ V) ~1 B5 A% ^+ }0 _# R( u1 S" ~ 195. Seeking imprisonment
& Y$ l, f/ I! N" C8 }# G 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' z+ w; b0 B w/ t# ^$ D% x 197. Work-on without collaboration
6 }/ h: @1 X6 [* I w% A 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
8 B2 X R9 i; W2 m0 _4 V v: D& m; f2 u) q2 R
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
