 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ D6 G5 O1 [' ]" r) m
Formal Statements
2 a3 t* L0 \$ X' ~* ?, K 1. Public Speeches
O4 n" s$ T% u d4 Q3 F" K* d 2. Letters of opposition or support
! b; ]7 U$ `2 U* L9 C7 t 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, W5 S0 i3 ^- }
4. Signed public statements
" h9 @/ C: [1 M 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
; H- c4 j% l7 J. b& l 6. Group or mass petitions# k- t4 x# f% x
: B# A* w& L3 C, v* v" Y. b* ]3 n) kCommunications with a Wider Audience
5 V; f% z" n1 r. B; k7 _ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% d# C# H1 V; |! k2 L; m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: r# W6 p, J+ r- m0 Q* t
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! ]5 a: r) Y. }4 n
10. Newspapers and journals
2 ] ], v( [; d 11. Records, radio, and television0 o3 M2 O: U$ p6 U
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 h9 O3 U# V- J' F, m" e7 Y. ~1 ~ y% o+ b
Group Representations& ?+ Z0 s, c# @, s% Y8 v
13. Deputations
) q$ q( u0 Q s$ I- W5 ^ 14. Mock awards
: b1 K4 K# g; g' X2 n 15. Group lobbying2 R& J6 Q( U! x" K, f8 `
16. Picketing
7 X; L' R% e" r$ ], s 17. Mock elections
% V3 t4 d' P# |/ V$ i3 C; a" B/ y1 p# f4 d9 B: @- l( M3 z5 n
Symbolic Public Acts
1 g/ y; i: f' n j k& s2 \ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" j2 h9 N0 r/ E( K, N$ h 19. Wearing of symbols$ c% x- y# u E7 Q
20. Prayer and worship( L: ]0 p( p" I7 j3 |, @
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 \& O# r' a9 N6 H( x. `
22. Protest disrobings! s- j n5 y6 b9 n# F
23. Destruction of own property
' k Q, A5 \$ q( ]# ^( H/ V* O& M1 r 24. Symbolic lights
- J, B6 U+ D+ d o' N 25. Displays of portraits
0 C: ?9 X5 X+ K. |$ c. Q 26. Paint as protest
' L- a8 _0 t# X 27. New signs and names
8 p6 Y/ H1 {8 l, t. x3 h! M 28. Symbolic sounds' a& W0 f$ n* u7 U( H
29. Symbolic reclamations
7 ~ ]! I$ W3 w. a) ~, [ 30. Rude gestures
0 V) ~8 q. C h1 b" X8 }6 J4 R7 B% L* }& A
Pressures on Individuals
9 O1 {& k" H0 x2 ?% ] 31. “Haunting” officials
7 B& b6 B B# D) g0 z5 J% e: g 32. Taunting officials }0 Q k% [# Y
33. Fraternization
3 Q' [, S$ K$ \2 Z8 x9 z3 W 34. Vigils
7 o# u7 n% Q- X. e( v2 J. g& x; f
0 p Z0 j) [( P7 W5 c) D9 u& ZDrama and Music) z7 Z m6 t$ P. p; ?
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 k4 r6 P* ?6 s0 |1 V8 p6 _ 36. Performances of plays and music
) p& T8 L& y" m5 H( @, u 37. Singing
* ?: x4 ~! X1 Q- D
3 N" W& T* N. L. K$ z4 Z0 e* GProcessions9 k$ _, e! e6 r/ p/ R
38. Marches
' M0 C; ^' b7 S4 e, j 39. Parades
2 v. R" H- o- q' C, @$ z 40. Religious processions
9 X4 o, M: O. l$ }8 J. v9 K1 ]$ u 41. Pilgrimages
~; g9 W" U* ?9 q3 N 42. Motorcades1 C$ f' o+ d6 b8 `2 w
; y$ \) Q2 d; L M6 ~5 m2 R# ^Honoring the Dead
g& r& Y6 k3 Q- s# J, l& `7 s 43. Political mourning
1 { Q$ a' B- h3 j: l2 t" r: n% w$ F: Y 44. Mock funerals3 g4 \8 H2 S) }' d7 a% \& ~& p0 n
45. Demonstrative funerals8 Y7 ~3 ^! D0 w: T$ B; n
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
% X$ @) q. D% r3 [ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& s' B1 J' B: j) ^/ _ 48. Protest meetings
& Y: h1 P0 Z9 }. @ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) v: c: U; k0 X# H9 U 50. Teach-ins
" {+ d( s$ h9 Q! j6 U/ S1 i2 G
; p( `9 G5 W( [% {% D- tWithdrawal and Renunciation2 g# r2 o" O3 ]2 ]
51. Walk-outs; p2 x+ Z# L) H1 V, B8 ^
52. Silence
% A; S2 N( Z' } 53. Renouncing honors% T& i* J9 ~& D3 D7 v- Q3 t
54. Turning one’s back+ @( e) J: D% |% M/ C" m
" t7 |5 h4 i% v- |$ K/ [
0 t$ T! g* w) o- d( y
! w" f8 U V) {! [" u' B/ tTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
o& ? @/ B: b9 `2 `: O3 ?
3 D2 x; h5 B# E; E. c
8 N4 P6 P: l, j7 B1 C1 T
" S1 b8 A9 r. ~3 c, _: ~, cOstracism of Persons' P8 i( t3 U. [: M
55. Social boycott
* ~) [: w' _3 C2 i$ S 56. Selective social boycott
' ~, h" S5 \' V" J 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 ]4 }) f0 {7 [ E( t' e0 p 58. Excommunication4 n5 T) T X% u7 K) ]; P" S
59. Interdict
8 m A0 g8 t7 n; W; P5 v7 t7 z7 w2 Z" \% X
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% I$ f, \/ v( `- A8 w
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; u" b) A8 C: T. W, v( ^; D 61. Boycott of social affairs# X% m7 o& f- M. m/ \8 i
62. Student strike
! l" n' ]1 q7 p& ?- | 63. Social disobedience
% }9 b; T6 [; i1 J 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 M0 Q J; e8 x7 T; Q! o% M2 F$ N4 ^3 [
Withdrawal from the Social System
# f6 `8 D/ Q( m. u' P 65. Stay-at-home
' v4 j1 c {- \ 66. Total personal noncooperation
& U: j s' J" ? 67. “Flight” of workers
% {/ {6 C8 O( o# u* Z4 @0 [/ U 68. Sanctuary- O1 c& L* n, _6 v3 K8 B
69. Collective disappearance; U& h+ w! A: p& N3 @. X' z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 V' w9 N2 W* D+ [! J0 p# ^6 N1 Q- y0 ]
; s7 s, U# J2 x! [: @) S/ n0 \; ?5 Q3 A
6 T5 @6 Q7 @4 E, L" Y$ m! M. nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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: x) W: _4 F7 h; D7 n X* GActions by Consumers
5 G" p9 ~* q( E3 q' c. ]/ t& _ 71. Consumers’ boycott( ?& C4 e2 }9 F( f# k" w( c+ b6 M J; I
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 ^) I: G( r; N4 t T* d
73. Policy of austerity4 ~" v2 D, H% ?5 p- ^# a. e, T
74. Rent withholding4 g' c4 L2 G2 l: a+ i! |
75. Refusal to rent @# S% l9 v2 ~4 v9 a
76. National consumers’ boycott. r: Y) X/ {9 a' S. l
77. International consumers’ boycott
( @, x. W# ]- B& [
! Q+ g% t+ k6 o" sAction by Workers and Producers3 }+ T) N4 A% z( L8 W
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 B8 x8 Y4 K' q+ V) Q0 Q1 z/ D 79. Producers’ boycott
4 t6 L; x3 \) ^3 W: P+ G7 E
9 |, m; `3 b+ a0 j! B3 CAction by Middlemen
5 c# }' T Q3 v) h( d, L, u 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 [6 Q. v3 P! [/ J3 a/ O& n! Z! y+ m7 a
/ {5 a8 i( P. j% S! z6 AAction by Owners and Management
3 r; L4 b- \$ r8 N' B0 m/ M 81. Traders’ boycott
' X# i' K# j- S8 G Q- ~ 82. Refusal to let or sell property: i/ x, {5 u! f. @" y" t
83. Lockout+ L8 i' t; T) i8 c8 I
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- a" S5 n1 k$ O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”, e0 P( f( m. D4 x
$ F9 d' P. p+ `7 ?) q6 z: uAction by Holders of Financial Resources* }7 a: P" @- @7 @7 b" O7 H
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- B( }% }+ r3 G7 Q6 k$ [" Y: v' @& b4 |
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% x( F B. O8 H8 ?2 Q 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& R# ]; o) }" u: E9 `8 K m# a" k 89. Severance of funds and credit
7 Z0 t0 M6 J8 |3 G7 p; J 90. Revenue refusal, ]5 K [. ~3 `
91. Refusal of a government’s money i; v, Y3 y2 I, s* a# b
% Z* m; l/ u7 J, A; G& O5 j+ uAction by Governments/ P( z+ C1 f( J' y/ U
92. Domestic embargo: |* Q# ~: D' P* @' \) K
93. Blacklisting of traders
' j7 ^3 m9 Y5 z' S W8 x& e 94. International sellers’ embargo
6 ?9 i- w+ j# `$ m6 T6 K) m4 h 95. International buyers’ embargo3 [: g; ~4 d+ T4 E0 O2 G1 U' K5 d3 B
96. International trade embargo. E& R3 d0 g2 P" Y! t
0 j' w6 ^8 z C% }9 y) p! k9 ] 0 |3 a6 O2 U# h8 \; N3 G) W) ~1 S$ h
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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7 [- U/ E5 E/ Z: USymbolic Strikes
7 F0 l1 C3 l7 y2 Q5 K 97. Protest strike& ^0 w5 t6 G0 O2 w
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ L0 [( w$ h2 K$ w! w% f7 `& F2 s5 h6 A7 E9 K6 F2 ]
Agricultural Strikes
# _1 w' c; o# k+ } 99. Peasant strike o% w! O/ E7 ~2 K5 M7 q
100. Farm Workers’ strike
; Q! a: y- s7 b8 M2 X0 }7 ^" F
7 e& C- J- Z9 h. b4 o% KStrikes by Special Groups- S( w4 J( a) r; Z) v- s
101. Refusal of impressed labor
( x% t3 L B8 T3 p 102. Prisoners’ strike. | z3 v1 k- T8 K( @
103. Craft strike
( V3 F" o( @5 r4 o7 t9 W) F 104. Professional strike
' K# o f Z* m2 [1 {) c3 h& H( A6 f7 X" S
Ordinary Industrial Strikes0 @0 F' n' y T+ x) A% D, w) `" [+ t
105. Establishment strike) a' b) ]6 {* ?8 |2 |6 [. w
106. Industry strike
/ q5 S6 Q9 f5 r! [+ X+ o# K4 L7 D 107. Sympathetic strike4 Z# q# J2 c& `
4 i# l/ M" S( Q+ m9 U
Restricted Strikes1 O5 z# t: ]/ D% y- q
108. Detailed strike8 p$ F0 t3 \2 u# c9 e. X2 i
109. Bumper strike
& J8 b3 H0 v6 V5 L 110. Slowdown strike9 b& @4 R2 A) l4 e+ R2 }
111. Working-to-rule strike
, f0 G$ s& L% h 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 p1 N/ n! t6 w* _* s
113. Strike by resignation/ V8 Y3 N6 W" E; F
114. Limited strike
. y9 O) j9 c, r0 p2 u 115. Selective strike
, N* z- a) @# V! x2 P9 A/ n3 S. ?5 s2 C) {/ E; v4 |
Multi-Industry Strikes
1 P+ [8 `% X2 U r: U1 q1 H& i7 A8 `2 Y& u& f8 L7 e. Y
116. Generalized strike
: Q7 }& I( v3 X
4 U/ V& N6 u8 J 117. General strike
5 J+ I4 o; L2 F' h4 v
# _. K- e0 }# ]% h! A0 J. f q' XCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown# k' q+ t! l9 Y1 d) {8 i0 y2 z _. C
7 x1 [/ x. ~7 O s4 E2 h 4 d' s; O5 v& z- c
3 O0 K* {/ j/ }8 t8 l
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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: U; s8 H3 V5 A# X
Rejection of Authority8 x0 w8 `2 r+ {- x0 @) M8 G. ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 Y" {! F! u8 G' P 121. Refusal of public support
( H" b- E% G0 @& L1 \ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* D4 V1 C" B! X; }* F6 @, H- I& p' h
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; a ~" L8 _/ O h; C$ y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 j2 z: N$ p) w; ?
124. Boycott of elections
2 h$ p$ a7 I3 R4 }5 s# c; \ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 _4 Z. D6 c) I/ \: }* S" `
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ P5 G' m3 J# n/ w/ i
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ N! x5 Q0 y6 ^
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; c+ p# S* | g, E8 y: z* @+ B* s: L
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ g5 O" s5 D/ H) y* B: P1 }# y" Z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 I0 Q$ ~. |1 }3 q+ l: Q+ K
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( L M. R7 P; r" i2 R4 Q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
3 a2 d7 [' S$ D7 m2 L& J# d3 W7 A
( R# B& b( m8 TCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ V0 m. o. j% M' k6 o2 G 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 ]* b# [, X, f 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& s+ D+ ]$ g0 @" v) V 135. Popular nonobedience4 a. B/ w) Q/ ?! f( {! k3 Y* i7 z9 v
136. Disguised disobedience
* m- M" I/ Z7 x& l0 y* W 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse; s8 S6 E! b. i8 d% Y9 G) n) N$ E
138. Sitdown7 W' v6 d9 S; {/ |& x8 T
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) r1 ^2 X& o6 N& ?8 s" Q, q* @4 \ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! _2 U. T5 C, @ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 Q. U" v0 G! G
! A& i& O8 N, V0 v6 l& a
Action by Government Personnel
5 j& S ~( x* Q- W& V7 F 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- m* b- _, Z' N/ ^+ w3 Y7 D' s+ M 143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 ?* z, L0 o: C# r* e/ J
144. Stalling and obstruction+ U. K: l8 u! l/ G! X$ W! z8 j
145. General administrative noncooperation: P4 o% P, P ?
4 y1 h- Q0 k, s3 a5 O3 q
146. Judicial noncooperation! R0 F k0 W3 O6 ~, B' A
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 U3 @, [: e) ^
148. Mutiny( T3 n( U+ D5 b! Z
Domestic Governmental Action
" T& y1 c. w8 C. N4 `9 u$ K 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 m( d3 X0 L1 O8 E, d' g 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 R& b5 ^+ t. o" R+ R9 l) ?5 }7 c: N5 C
- T9 c8 Z. j1 F( b8 D/ ^$ b$ m' jInternational Governmental Action
+ Y5 H/ K/ v) H6 E1 u! _ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 G, f; |0 F7 r8 Q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, r/ l8 }, z* D5 j8 f3 V
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 }- x8 W, A2 r' {+ `! l. a7 E: }
154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 h P' }6 i) r; ~3 N# E: ~
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# \! K- E5 p: \ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 n8 v3 e0 J7 _. H 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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; g' \" L! u, [THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 S* K4 p9 V2 b$ B2 \9 s0 E) Q4 N
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Psychological Intervention
% J G y9 Q& F3 e/ i1 | 158. Self-exposure to the elements# D3 `, f2 {& M/ q1 v3 C6 r/ z
159. The fast
( c/ h5 e: {' N* k9 ] a) Fast of moral pressure
# m3 N% v( I: f, D b) Hunger strike% P2 K E' E, c
c) Satyagrahic fast/ R, P) o# O4 Q3 t9 B. T; |
160. Reverse trial) p* I! m" ^) C8 ^$ w# p
161. Nonviolent harassment
0 t$ A# K5 w1 q& |- X" D
; M' w0 \) E% @- b8 W+ k2 RPhysical Intervention' \, m' r' r) V- r N' E
162. Sit-in
" `( k8 Q* l( ~$ N 163. Stand-in" F& @5 `5 e3 B
164. Ride-in
4 \9 O, k, J8 L. F/ n 165. Wade-in
! l; U* o0 C" ~* U# Z! x' h 166. Mill-in; z! |4 Q9 _+ l6 }
167. Pray-in3 Q, w( N; u* b! Q4 s
168. Nonviolent raids) T( E& k; }: o/ v
169. Nonviolent air raids
6 ^. Z. H L2 I7 ] 170. Nonviolent invasion! X! f4 ^/ B: h
171. Nonviolent interjection# b1 [& }5 i4 b# ^ E( T1 ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction. V2 ^' |0 h4 y1 z1 n: H4 x2 j
173. Nonviolent occupation9 Z* I. \. B2 l! \
' V2 i- r1 N" u) J- E) j3 x
Social Intervention
. t! T) `: Z7 x1 u H6 } 174. Establishing new social patterns7 Q( y, e0 f8 @7 `. h7 j7 p
175. Overloading of facilities
8 E4 i7 b# t q! D3 ~. Y- B" s8 v/ q 176. Stall-in
7 _: ^- j( o& g 177. Speak-in
7 x3 Z' [, ?* u" f' f9 H 178. Guerrilla theater5 a: j3 x ~" @6 L0 I& L: c5 P
179. Alternative social institutions# z. X$ n; i/ S
180. Alternative communication system
# s! g& t5 b; X6 d, \: O! ~; l: v$ y
Economic Intervention9 y. m! h/ T2 _- `5 e$ q2 N2 F
181. Reverse strike$ i& m& Q# j+ u2 r2 X7 Q
182. Stay-in strike2 q( _5 v* M% g6 o
183. Nonviolent land seizure" B7 o, J. J2 F& g; L
184. Defiance of blockades
1 Z8 u2 k; E1 ^" S+ V2 l, A) c 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! e/ L6 `5 z2 I7 \5 i% j. B 186. Preclusive purchasing* i: J# _" S% P3 K
187. Seizure of assets
! a* j$ K0 i5 ]5 u4 v! B4 h; p. L 188. Dumping* J7 U' ~0 C( G$ _
189. Selective patronage% I2 e9 u, T: l) m' f
190. Alternative markets0 \9 Q- h/ a5 i9 x
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 J0 C' @2 E) \. p$ f3 a 192. Alternative economic institutions
6 e+ z# i* }9 z; K: `2 h- Q- @# D) m& |/ \5 u1 A% l, h, s: h
Political Intervention
" H3 k5 k! v( |+ x2 K7 j 193. Overloading of administrative systems9 z5 P# q* D8 i1 I. }
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 p1 b% A& ]: ]& W
195. Seeking imprisonment
/ v1 w, ~/ M7 u0 m+ [, ^: K9 ? 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. W4 C# K: a9 l. z) E* L
197. Work-on without collaboration7 ?/ r8 ?& J4 ~
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) D: h' [/ @+ s: v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
