 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 E' n8 p, q2 {Formal Statements
8 v& N j: t4 w 1. Public Speeches
8 K! N5 s1 C* h/ {7 X* E8 I+ X( x4 k 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 \$ h* f: b# G. Z( B( A0 Y# O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' V' D( u& H4 h
4. Signed public statements" y5 N6 o! i9 t: \, ^9 G
5. Declarations of indictment and intention' j$ ^) v: f& M" O: U1 z: L1 S
6. Group or mass petitions2 O0 k" c* L* B" W
+ a! F# A3 w6 @/ K& ^5 UCommunications with a Wider Audience) [* a5 W2 J: i2 ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 F' R1 H2 O* {
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
`! w6 g; S3 X8 X8 R; \4 S: c 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ \$ ?: _) |0 ~7 b" h$ [ 10. Newspapers and journals
: ?% z; f9 w6 }# w# P/ v2 _; \# W 11. Records, radio, and television: |' C5 ]# q2 l# A; [: u& t1 ~
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 W, u8 j n {, o6 P5 B, i3 L, u# p6 `
Group Representations
! m) n) ^ v. F, U- V 13. Deputations
* ?: }; V- i2 {3 Y9 g 14. Mock awards
) X b+ o# x6 X9 ]& s 15. Group lobbying
3 C5 r4 `$ v0 J& t$ L8 [ 16. Picketing
! K, Z. O+ s& e 17. Mock elections# Z" d& B/ a+ C4 a5 f- T4 J% C+ s6 l
9 v0 S* e/ N( f+ M" x0 c3 Y
Symbolic Public Acts( ~/ V0 h8 ?2 S
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% z* G2 t. w2 r2 b 19. Wearing of symbols& x# D* P% R, M# w7 T% h0 C5 F
20. Prayer and worship/ U6 X/ t3 T/ p# G6 C9 y" g9 ^5 f
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 R# \* a# ~( j1 j/ a 22. Protest disrobings
4 @) A o5 d/ E, t( a0 ~ 23. Destruction of own property
0 s' W @8 K2 ]* Q! l; f 24. Symbolic lights
0 a6 A" ^6 k+ y" ^. ^ 25. Displays of portraits
8 r- b/ T4 V K+ a8 s8 s 26. Paint as protest ~" J9 G/ H; C: l
27. New signs and names( ]9 z7 `- V% r t3 k/ F- |
28. Symbolic sounds
9 u7 O/ B" t& H! P8 {0 a! c 29. Symbolic reclamations& Z; U8 M( l; b7 g
30. Rude gestures
6 r4 Y# ^( N3 ?+ Z
3 Z( |% {! `" A3 n0 V( jPressures on Individuals a8 ?+ o8 C; Z( u9 a7 K1 s( [
31. “Haunting” officials4 c( C9 {& ^0 B# x
32. Taunting officials
S* J3 f- F' d8 \ 33. Fraternization
; w& G1 Q3 p3 ?5 V- p1 Z 34. Vigils
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3 K% R9 f: T7 E' g R( W" D4 h6 _Drama and Music
, s5 m, V, z1 c. l) h 35. Humorous skits and pranks! O! W6 C" A( u8 [
36. Performances of plays and music G/ {* _2 `0 M( e* A; ?
37. Singing
7 p. p% D1 t, }3 D) y% _3 I# m2 ]7 j9 s* `1 W
Processions( ^& C/ S1 v" [) r
38. Marches
8 T! h, k" Q+ I" m! S$ I 39. Parades
3 G2 S% N; X C8 g# o/ Q 40. Religious processions0 b7 |" w! [$ h8 y9 v
41. Pilgrimages
0 w+ S1 i+ g2 h 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
8 _: s4 D9 b2 L* u; f# ~, ^2 s2 N 43. Political mourning
) [$ d. k1 `% D( k 44. Mock funerals
- F" X7 F3 _* c5 E$ U 45. Demonstrative funerals f) {5 j# M! \% W1 @2 ?
46. Homage at burial places' [+ d* |5 o' w7 G2 |: y+ ?$ t
m' w* O; a0 h3 Q" Q
Public Assemblies7 [7 j8 r; l" k4 ?
47. Assemblies of protest or support
& j2 P! i+ Z! A* c9 H1 m C 48. Protest meetings+ R7 H) U, C$ @
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% y' A/ ^+ u& H- f1 A" R- E+ M
50. Teach-ins) I" f- A6 b! G0 B# n0 W* y7 ?
& ?7 E: P; i9 {9 W4 m
Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 r. y" j! W' I7 O _2 y 51. Walk-outs
1 j" h$ m: m/ H/ b( b: e 52. Silence
0 F& D0 C, z3 i, t 53. Renouncing honors& _# v, N. {7 i# v; _
54. Turning one’s back
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3 L$ X% }+ M& T0 t) X# W& @ 6 L: [# l4 N% v
+ E& o% G6 ?+ _* Y: h5 {$ HTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 X5 S& G$ j3 ]) H, B1 F4 i
Ostracism of Persons
; F( e! y' x4 z3 O" n 55. Social boycott0 Y, M' M: \- ^, K G
56. Selective social boycott8 n* S: D4 K' w4 `- |% r; _, v
57. Lysistratic nonaction9 S; e5 t3 D5 j5 R5 z
58. Excommunication2 ?3 R9 V& d% D5 M( S- Y& c
59. Interdict: m2 r% z X3 g7 }2 A5 B
) x" ?) x, f3 s9 U+ n4 dNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! V/ ^3 |! H j. l
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ x% n; v. x; L$ u9 X) r; R' `1 f 61. Boycott of social affairs
/ c6 O2 f# @7 K2 I- V7 B$ I* d 62. Student strike `3 a6 |3 N7 t/ q, |
63. Social disobedience
& ~" x& v6 U+ o6 ?' J! P 64. Withdrawal from social institutions; h9 i$ ]* y- D% H. A
9 I4 F9 X" x- IWithdrawal from the Social System0 x( b# V7 f/ b) } i, G0 G7 ~' A
65. Stay-at-home
5 A8 ]) m! A. Z 66. Total personal noncooperation
, A& z, _3 X j; p% u$ Y 67. “Flight” of workers
) P x" B4 t# K$ k) f- ^ 68. Sanctuary
& t0 H _4 e) b7 F% O 69. Collective disappearance
# M: Z) J- I( z4 o1 F- @ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) D _1 i8 I' a N$ n2 q' k8 a, p0 c
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0 l- j4 N2 O3 T7 W) v) [! PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; R1 l% V! M. S% P" p6 {( r
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8 a: y- v( Y: v/ W# o8 X; aActions by Consumers
" U- i: U8 ?$ c( |, c2 s0 \+ ^ 71. Consumers’ boycott; K4 M# S$ i; T1 w
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' V y% [, w" I
73. Policy of austerity
+ k- J' ?9 a) n, z' i4 @& N 74. Rent withholding: C$ F9 y$ b6 D( J& s- I
75. Refusal to rent
5 t7 {9 |9 ?! S6 e8 g 76. National consumers’ boycott
& ]% U' G' n& M4 _ 77. International consumers’ boycott6 f+ M& U* F. @/ e G& _3 i( ^
6 v$ ^! h& }) Q1 d- }& n8 _ @# k/ t
Action by Workers and Producers
9 t9 i* B0 U* v1 ]# b' e" m b 78. Workmen’s boycott
- V a% ^' s' g/ w4 s. |6 b* p$ K 79. Producers’ boycott
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. M7 _0 h M+ t5 I7 N5 d, v" vAction by Middlemen
* Z& f3 D1 Z8 K( D, |- c 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 u* p: x8 k" G O8 {" h9 |$ Z* `9 z u
1 k' k" m4 `( K- G" d
Action by Owners and Management
1 B# Q0 H' g3 y# v+ T( U R 81. Traders’ boycott$ X/ X6 g& \7 W j
82. Refusal to let or sell property
# M8 i/ e. Y9 z3 g5 V% } 83. Lockout4 i3 w1 h Z6 O1 S5 w0 Z, [
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ J x- S- q0 b6 V: l
85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ z* h$ T* c0 {2 r: q
9 n8 u. i. g6 d/ i9 [" w q) e
Action by Holders of Financial Resources; O( l4 u2 v6 L' Q# i8 Z$ b0 m! L
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* W$ ~" k2 H0 {$ x9 G 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 m/ q! W' [- S! h; t1 ]; Y+ Z. @
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) H0 K# i0 ]$ j4 q
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 U2 {3 P/ C; d3 A6 C 90. Revenue refusal
! a+ m" l3 Z" _" _" M7 \3 A# ]" m8 ] 91. Refusal of a government’s money
; E [9 M; d5 M+ R- z- Y
7 c/ e$ ]1 Y, E/ @5 j; ]& d, YAction by Governments
0 G( Z( ?9 v2 y8 C% E0 i$ s8 @ B 92. Domestic embargo* r) `: T; l; m4 S0 n. k
93. Blacklisting of traders- @. K2 u- h$ B3 p+ O
94. International sellers’ embargo
9 I! s3 l$ z/ Z* z1 x 95. International buyers’ embargo4 S# G1 o* A' t' f5 N0 x3 T2 y
96. International trade embargo0 {" B' c$ q* T! W( d5 p( n9 x3 Y, |
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# O1 n( [) T, ?. i( H) K. a$ y0 u8 u' ^
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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0 Y J b4 Y# T, ~Symbolic Strikes
" W: G0 Z) @' [+ Q0 h! C3 c 97. Protest strike% I! O% w [6 W; {
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 _/ L5 Y+ b" k; S
/ }; R3 Z1 |; Q+ p, ZAgricultural Strikes
0 l% |7 E3 C" @3 e( V$ q, c 99. Peasant strike
& Y2 l2 P t6 G 100. Farm Workers’ strike3 e1 L" ?! y+ G r& j/ d7 m: E1 C( k
I* Y. D5 n1 i G* ^
Strikes by Special Groups% [' Z% W: c& P9 v' J+ g
101. Refusal of impressed labor
- B# ?$ G8 m8 O2 m1 B 102. Prisoners’ strike( ~5 S' I5 |3 }
103. Craft strike$ T. Q. o/ ?, s! n, t
104. Professional strike. w* l1 L }; p4 W, z |. o
" g# U6 F# y1 r( C
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
" i9 j/ A' X& o6 A; m/ O 105. Establishment strike
" {" c! b! |6 @ 106. Industry strike' J. W5 m b$ f: R6 f% }( x8 R
107. Sympathetic strike& B& X) u" K! v. K
, Y- p* W+ A' r% GRestricted Strikes
A5 [7 p& M& ?+ N7 e; ^ 108. Detailed strike8 Z. }- a/ c6 n6 T* v
109. Bumper strike
( }/ j- G) e* I2 y! u: E 110. Slowdown strike
: ]2 O; o2 g2 l' U3 S$ T' N3 ~6 D 111. Working-to-rule strike; v% K5 [% y% e# a* {% u* b6 R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 g$ h3 l7 k/ u3 |8 W1 x
113. Strike by resignation
. b, P+ Z1 z0 L 114. Limited strike
' V/ L' {, ^/ K0 g# K' { 115. Selective strike
9 n8 e3 l7 |1 u/ u1 n/ c. g- y+ z& o
+ v5 o4 u7 [) N( s& YMulti-Industry Strikes$ J! X7 c! J) p% ~, s
) N" L) I4 P1 H1 O s/ w7 ~; e 116. Generalized strike+ }6 d8 V) {% o+ t( b
( d; F/ H' a: a' X, m 117. General strike- g( _3 X" D/ _7 i; K$ U
# J) c, w! Q! a! z6 C; mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal$ [. g0 _/ @- Y$ D$ x
& ]3 [1 t- u, D7 ]4 f) i; n 119. Economic shutdown$ V, m6 i5 @ O2 S4 E
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; n: E+ a9 Z9 bTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
: P% a! @9 |2 b/ w' T 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 `8 Y$ o. d$ X1 D# W+ l 121. Refusal of public support
9 o$ k4 l9 @) m% S9 }- J& } 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ j7 H4 ~0 _/ U) K8 {+ d6 l8 `1 d7 C5 T b' i" f! m
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government" ]5 h c3 Y& P# D- c f1 ~7 T, |
123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 F4 Z$ N. s& H9 T
124. Boycott of elections
6 Y0 p: b6 `/ W, Q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 O: J. f% g( ?( |3 q# C) ^6 O8 u7 v
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( S) X H8 B: T
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" s- B: |+ ]8 B& [. b 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 [, N/ ^2 K9 }0 O3 |
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) [! r( R7 ~. g# z' [
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& [! f+ ?0 Z/ o- W9 v. J$ [# T/ C1 M/ P
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& |! i; Z% m! k7 ?& o
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ b; T4 G# x9 J. C$ G" {8 M: g
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) a! P- j! s2 x# o
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* x8 E! |5 K, J v* l8 Q D* L4 u" B0 {
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ d4 r* M* x0 j/ @: q( z6 M
135. Popular nonobedience* r. i6 l$ |2 }" ^: t+ }) ?
136. Disguised disobedience" l5 `" J5 B! c: a, S$ D' c' M
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ p7 p$ x9 P8 C
138. Sitdown
; C8 Z4 J1 r6 n, C% e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; o$ I5 {) |) V! B" e! i 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 ~3 x$ K9 o) k" v. P( } 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 K$ |+ ?; z, M* F1 B: {# s. J. K- D2 p3 b6 h6 w
Action by Government Personnel% [( ~, w! f) j
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ l( w3 ?. b- A* p% y; y4 c
143. Blocking of lines of command and information" u# X9 s E% K: n) |& g5 K
144. Stalling and obstruction
. `* t) p5 ^% `5 T$ e1 k 145. General administrative noncooperation* ]. }+ v: v5 W) w w
$ w1 l+ t5 f6 j2 v/ S* M 146. Judicial noncooperation
4 j+ c% x: o+ g0 z) M 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# {9 h: W8 @6 f* A& b2 r8 K8 z
148. Mutiny
) k5 G- Q* E) |/ n% b2 _Domestic Governmental Action
, q9 t2 I' B) k3 Z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: b& W1 O- W# s- ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action. W& E# S c( W
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 m3 d6 |! i( X& O8 Q& G1 `
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
0 M& h F# S. e+ |; W t; `) F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, m2 g. J5 B' }# t, p- j 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 ]7 ?! F2 p! \1 }
155. Withdrawal from international organizations. D2 r+ {% L# E+ j4 G
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 O! v( ?! P3 T: L9 l* ]. N
157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ Q. W8 n4 Z+ e0 {7 s+ D7 _% ?) o3 f p2 Q4 ]4 `
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" k6 Q! x+ y! F! E. U8 E- U" n. BTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention# w% b" q% y$ A4 b C
158. Self-exposure to the elements6 i q, b/ L6 K* ^ Q: I# S
159. The fast' H' l% `" T: m {$ K# z! z, L" {
a) Fast of moral pressure
3 c" X. \9 z9 T% j b) Hunger strike
5 {# s9 B0 c( B& }; t' l( H6 w% w c) Satyagrahic fast
8 }# R' U# N( t& Q( D% K& K7 R 160. Reverse trial
( N" X* m( s( J3 w0 F' Q! Z0 w 161. Nonviolent harassment
) O# m1 o. S" H
' ~/ k, k# I ^% E, sPhysical Intervention, g5 _1 V6 w. q9 v
162. Sit-in
/ d a/ \! |8 p K 163. Stand-in
0 @9 a9 n% V: j' O! K3 ? 164. Ride-in- z+ |) f o$ L; E$ i+ g3 h t
165. Wade-in
4 ^' P% U* H+ o* ~ 166. Mill-in0 O/ U& A" Q: ^* }9 p
167. Pray-in0 t' e5 ^$ F3 g) r7 X
168. Nonviolent raids) p( W7 y8 t- Z$ i
169. Nonviolent air raids' ~' e9 k! a4 `6 Z4 Y
170. Nonviolent invasion5 ]3 P" o0 W2 s% D( ~( p9 K
171. Nonviolent interjection
9 }; r0 V9 O- ?( B+ ~ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 O8 m+ n, R- M% ^5 C. e* x 173. Nonviolent occupation% y" v$ M7 d: z: r
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Social Intervention) I* Z4 b/ j& J3 K6 M0 a9 C* a6 L' \
174. Establishing new social patterns
8 c* o. n+ s7 W 175. Overloading of facilities
: E5 b( j H! z, c6 w2 L4 t3 j 176. Stall-in+ Z5 G+ B9 s5 Y8 u+ z
177. Speak-in
: F- W" Q( K- z% I- c7 _, L 178. Guerrilla theater( y2 \! x; X2 D1 @2 U M6 G& k. h
179. Alternative social institutions" d3 h4 d0 v( d6 F: t5 h3 B- S
180. Alternative communication system Q- B8 G1 x3 Q# M
5 p: Z9 r) u5 K/ Q: Q- D% |1 v
Economic Intervention
: T; C$ D7 V, x! C7 E 181. Reverse strike+ S0 J5 b3 w2 d/ b8 ^
182. Stay-in strike
4 H! k( m, o8 S' B, U4 g+ n 183. Nonviolent land seizure) W, ~' Z4 _5 n
184. Defiance of blockades
# h O2 S; R: d 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 |4 i2 l. P( ?5 [+ ^ 186. Preclusive purchasing1 X+ }, y" K$ p, P5 @
187. Seizure of assets% c* K6 ~5 g* U0 P, @6 g
188. Dumping
! E! M G/ J6 q( R+ t3 ?2 ]3 a 189. Selective patronage
( [. ^ @; `/ u 190. Alternative markets5 {7 n/ K& v x- q; e7 F9 b7 ~
191. Alternative transportation systems
+ V, f' [. K4 ]/ g/ y& e 192. Alternative economic institutions2 b+ z- e4 {6 `' ~( t
5 v% C! l1 J8 g3 H& a% {8 h6 c9 ^( U
Political Intervention7 X" `# V6 I. V; h
193. Overloading of administrative systems' N2 C6 S" k( D% e* I2 W8 t
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- Z& H( v; A8 E/ [ 195. Seeking imprisonment" L2 j6 y! g8 l5 [. U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ @% H, W0 I- d
197. Work-on without collaboration2 D' B9 s; y1 i
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 v; B4 ^1 ^( r. v O" h% c2 H& F; W
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
