 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# x# h( R$ M' IFormal Statements! E. ]4 W' A* e5 S9 } Z
1. Public Speeches" w1 f5 S& Y6 \; U- i9 M
2. Letters of opposition or support' f% B7 b A9 t/ o& X4 j
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 ^# n# v4 H! j, ]- m8 E
4. Signed public statements/ s. T) n/ E* O% o6 G1 |/ Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 d% b0 h5 L y( Q# ?2 \! j- C( s5 w7 g 6. Group or mass petitions; I; W/ U$ V/ s, e* N q6 x7 W H
4 b' A! @ ~6 I- kCommunications with a Wider Audience
5 d! h5 n" Z' {& _1 _) R; l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 J2 I+ m2 Z( t0 W0 L' S7 S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ b9 x4 r) @7 k% o6 F- i/ e, l0 F 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
B# l3 q% W* J0 v1 T" y# N4 D6 B' C 10. Newspapers and journals V) Y% f+ _/ I0 Y) @- ?* J; h
11. Records, radio, and television
( P; D: h X( Z/ h3 | 12. Skywriting and earthwriting( w6 z2 _3 P# ]2 ?
$ i* r g$ X, P# N, Y2 j
Group Representations
6 J9 q' X' I( M: ^8 ?6 S9 i 13. Deputations
( F% I, D: k1 Q8 S1 G' D 14. Mock awards: g. r' U- B$ _/ z7 b" x
15. Group lobbying
0 a9 a$ A. b, U' k& k 16. Picketing9 Y2 |& S! F+ j/ S
17. Mock elections
3 ^2 l) y% }: i. `) M7 D. l# S8 E8 q3 M ]
Symbolic Public Acts
% z/ {; y/ `2 `: z# L$ H4 n 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 P4 d# @; x9 r9 a; f2 ^ 19. Wearing of symbols
5 O. L2 I- n% `+ a+ u3 w1 E/ \ 20. Prayer and worship1 v' \6 ~7 |8 T( D! y' a
21. Delivering symbolic objects7 D N* F8 `+ x8 S: Q
22. Protest disrobings5 ^* d. f L! D1 g: [+ E J( E
23. Destruction of own property/ L2 h( k+ |* P% O4 `' U9 k
24. Symbolic lights# G' o* Q$ `3 o8 _
25. Displays of portraits' f, o) w' q0 D" s
26. Paint as protest
6 Z6 h* t# u3 U8 s( G& @! f3 y 27. New signs and names6 G$ X2 {( C" _9 _7 `& E
28. Symbolic sounds
0 O9 f6 t0 \( c6 n8 U0 h 29. Symbolic reclamations4 h( L) e+ p _! y' r
30. Rude gestures# E+ k3 i6 x3 W/ N7 B- {
6 o5 x4 S* Q) o" }/ zPressures on Individuals8 a: n$ Y9 V2 D! R
31. “Haunting” officials) K- j, ]; ^% j/ |. C
32. Taunting officials2 y- u3 b) C* {" z" Q
33. Fraternization
+ a2 Z; e6 e. a8 z" Y 34. Vigils
9 Z& M' `4 r" H/ @. Q9 B9 r" V% V$ E" j' d
Drama and Music4 @8 k* |9 E' m; G
35. Humorous skits and pranks9 c l5 }2 }+ b9 l( I
36. Performances of plays and music, k, |* a% O3 ^) H4 a4 `" v
37. Singing" k( b0 X2 T& u9 v
: n8 @& l/ B) |; e7 l2 n, `Processions
$ W0 @5 D1 k# |$ i6 w2 z, \ 38. Marches
' @- s" w% g6 n; e4 u) y 39. Parades, m6 C. q: f3 x% g1 M3 q2 r( H
40. Religious processions
3 u( ~ R/ m9 G& c' F 41. Pilgrimages
1 u; m* t) I% ]9 J2 d6 h 42. Motorcades
) _# \, g. R8 n2 h( ]. H7 y
) D- i: a6 J& ~5 G8 R. }6 NHonoring the Dead
& p) y4 q0 K* D7 Z! } 43. Political mourning
/ u& c6 [, f; P3 j7 P( m 44. Mock funerals
2 u" [9 h4 p0 I+ P. E7 { 45. Demonstrative funerals
+ } m, B- _2 ?6 d5 M: ] 46. Homage at burial places
u+ W M4 n$ L9 d1 ?; j2 g
( Y4 i/ e7 x; `- D& GPublic Assemblies
/ Z/ {; X) r. l5 e' W8 x 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 K# e5 B3 h: u' [; ~: T! |$ i
48. Protest meetings0 D5 d- h4 w m0 L, K
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) i+ ^# [7 K! h; F% L5 P0 ^
50. Teach-ins
: M. O) {" u* v& ]4 y! |1 l3 m, [ C: P$ U4 n; ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation/ M# `& ~# x% {0 a
51. Walk-outs$ i! N! I+ }4 I2 H5 K: R
52. Silence- V, `+ K( w% P6 @) O, p
53. Renouncing honors! Y/ U6 z {0 ~8 Y% T4 M
54. Turning one’s back
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% j# V* v1 C$ ?/ G
6 E" D% ]# g3 @
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
+ U- z ]! C$ |1 B+ K$ h5 R1 T- s' i% u1 @9 {$ X+ [9 \
8 d% W; w5 _$ H. j" ~) f; O* [, Y0 U4 @) Z7 \# _- v
Ostracism of Persons
, H8 I: s/ G, v/ Z9 F 55. Social boycott
0 H& k! f* U) g 56. Selective social boycott4 O7 n2 ?$ j% ~" ~* N( b
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 a V+ ^* n/ f8 m @) G
58. Excommunication! }8 i4 `. ]+ R* t5 L/ y- `$ k
59. Interdict4 L) g7 |9 g! K9 e+ M" E+ h$ P- U
4 f3 Q! m' T9 M" G
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: Q3 m- X" o2 I: X. n$ D 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' D! z- f. F: x+ g
61. Boycott of social affairs2 p. v* V& O4 o. p
62. Student strike
9 l0 M( U2 E& \ 63. Social disobedience, E# q% R# l: Y+ l) M r
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 u( J9 {( a/ A( ~6 w5 F1 K& x
* \( o0 z" b3 C2 ?2 H& c; q2 ~Withdrawal from the Social System* c' |4 K; S. s3 |
65. Stay-at-home! a) @4 {5 M, @' Y
66. Total personal noncooperation9 n) @4 K. N3 {* X1 ~
67. “Flight” of workers
* a6 k5 a# H- e1 _ 68. Sanctuary
; S2 }9 y6 _ X5 z, U! U0 f 69. Collective disappearance
5 U1 {7 t* T. y: t$ f0 _; P% L% f8 D 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 {, g5 ^$ _1 _" d! I, m
7 f3 |9 y# j/ r! X: R
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/ S& p8 ]+ Z' N: R# [# w) ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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1 M( H6 ~7 h$ S. I1 b
Actions by Consumers
% u1 _. R- {9 U0 D( P 71. Consumers’ boycott V3 e! a$ b/ {5 P3 H% m7 k8 t
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- N o/ W4 ^2 Z# m$ C9 V: W4 x1 S
73. Policy of austerity& j" Y$ s( ]6 n2 ?6 c& N. n+ s
74. Rent withholding
& v6 V$ V' L( g/ k, V1 N8 [ 75. Refusal to rent' A1 e6 C4 |% x2 Y
76. National consumers’ boycott
* |, j8 i& }3 U" ?1 b( N 77. International consumers’ boycott
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, q' ]: d+ d1 r5 k$ _Action by Workers and Producers
- ~! N& U6 ]8 v9 V# ` 78. Workmen’s boycott
# [9 _: X8 ?, _/ f# J6 X% V1 O 79. Producers’ boycott0 K' n& P0 q* P; X( I$ n. t% s3 Y
, w0 M7 w) b) B5 c( U* s# NAction by Middlemen
3 s3 P0 P" h5 [ ]/ l 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 h- Z& c6 E$ e$ _! D$ y& D! a
& W$ f% c" s0 S y6 s pAction by Owners and Management
& d$ l! n0 M: b4 C. q2 ]% B5 i. O! g+ G 81. Traders’ boycott R$ E0 }4 C& a- o# M! A
82. Refusal to let or sell property1 W( q( k4 x6 A. w, J" t8 Y! M% i3 l" j
83. Lockout
0 ?- A/ p6 x% q 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. w9 ]4 v4 w. m) a# P 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 q# J& ?# B0 T3 x3 V/ m$ a. b
0 Q4 L$ x( n8 GAction by Holders of Financial Resources( Z, h6 P% \' c1 v
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. q' V7 X& Z" ~; O4 V$ T 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. a- c! g: I5 Z6 W* f$ j
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) t+ e( V! i6 y q( T4 w7 _1 U z
89. Severance of funds and credit
' Q& [3 s* E9 k4 F$ n: V+ m 90. Revenue refusal& ^: ]8 v. ^1 w& p! W# h
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 a$ l. R# n. {7 i1 J2 l" d/ u* M6 R- b: y8 T# d( ]
Action by Governments
4 U- j3 ^( z! ?% g( y4 g* Q+ r 92. Domestic embargo Y+ A9 L3 H9 A$ ~$ _
93. Blacklisting of traders
/ r2 q# D" y4 n2 ~+ p0 ~0 O 94. International sellers’ embargo
3 b2 i& g& O( ^* N5 z 95. International buyers’ embargo
7 M' V) @4 ?3 F: G$ ~# ?6 }: q7 T 96. International trade embargo
& v+ a4 f6 Z/ X, d3 z% ~$ n7 A- `% }* K* q
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# l+ v2 P8 n& x& I6 y( v: f4 {
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, r+ }- X& U: z. k
$ ^4 w# c5 ]5 d8 f* l! M
0 ^ j' z( o' ~5 D, g( \) qSymbolic Strikes
0 W) ]: B2 G; y/ x 97. Protest strike- z# R( M8 R& R2 }0 \6 h
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, E# G7 H1 o* d$ R' S: w* C, @; `* t0 T1 H3 h: ^( L
Agricultural Strikes
5 d: r' b+ U& b! J+ T( k 99. Peasant strike6 R+ P5 Y' w5 t
100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ ?4 X$ \+ `0 } r# @" S
" ?' N% j/ c, P- D9 e7 Z" NStrikes by Special Groups7 i J0 ]; I; r
101. Refusal of impressed labor
. {8 G* |2 }. W) g; T7 u: x 102. Prisoners’ strike
9 u' Y1 j+ | v8 B3 ?+ M! Q 103. Craft strike1 G6 R8 t1 ]8 I1 `7 X
104. Professional strike
8 |/ F% L6 z3 v* M
, x( i- I8 G. S2 @7 k% J/ D3 NOrdinary Industrial Strikes; r3 r s4 y; r
105. Establishment strike" u9 Z' u3 m2 L$ w" a
106. Industry strike
$ V* G% k. p: U% n2 D( w 107. Sympathetic strike# V5 X: T5 @( E7 M' d/ d
' T; X: ~! n5 E
Restricted Strikes1 z; N% C* d+ ^+ ^1 |6 u
108. Detailed strike5 ]0 }5 [+ b9 y1 k4 g1 j: k
109. Bumper strike
l( Z2 ~$ e2 C( v0 V" Y- o3 A 110. Slowdown strike% G# H- g5 k3 X7 F) f! w0 s, m
111. Working-to-rule strike+ w$ ~. p+ W( U8 U
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 ?$ U3 V& f+ Y$ Z( W 113. Strike by resignation
b' q- U+ X+ {/ ?, q5 ] 114. Limited strike
( ^7 _ Z$ R1 Z% p! A' C 115. Selective strike
# r2 B9 |1 L1 c3 i2 i+ A( l Y. P( a+ @9 w- G6 j
Multi-Industry Strikes, S: A% r$ H0 e( u0 T* G5 C
8 ]2 J( W+ l! |: o6 _ o2 A. I( @ 116. Generalized strike
4 V! g, d# j$ M# k* ^% H0 c! ~4 [) p, U
117. General strike x! Q2 l, u( ?6 x6 `
* O V6 v7 ^. @8 h5 F" YCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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& u2 o" K0 [$ q7 r, B0 F; ~1 _
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ d/ L8 C0 k* J4 v: `5 l
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; w# a1 C6 H4 \3 `; ^9 ZRejection of Authority0 R5 ^" f* e& o4 ?+ P
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" @3 ?7 L/ z( m+ n0 [/ }. ^ 121. Refusal of public support3 d: L" g8 ]- G: m
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 K$ Y8 T" j3 }- q. J3 h: C
0 V$ w, J, n; x6 Z* ?; DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government) [& ~: Z2 w6 Y- I* h1 V Q% a
123. Boycott of legislative bodies" S1 a: k5 S# m9 N3 P. c
124. Boycott of elections6 y" v9 L# Z: p: g, N; |0 m% o" D
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 b5 n3 `% i: J 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, `/ Z7 J0 N- Y; v% O9 U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* S5 K0 [2 q/ |- r: p
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. i! q; V# w3 W1 k 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% O6 w( ~# r0 G2 |
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 c5 \+ s, ?3 c' B7 Z, s- b, X' X 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 [2 f1 B- @ D( ]
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# A* e) D5 W$ x; K
0 g2 {9 N9 Q _( c2 _Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# B2 |' ^: I; s
133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 J+ [! \# ?0 S' i7 }9 k) k* Z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ {2 e; ~& E) l: z; ^ 135. Popular nonobedience
7 N5 W. T. ^/ I, n; v 136. Disguised disobedience
: u. l, v! I; e7 i# p# q% L4 _ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, Q8 Z3 D, n: C) E
138. Sitdown
$ T6 I/ }9 Y5 z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ }6 R d; W' N* h
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* y. L$ D5 O, \0 {. T1 K7 G' [ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' F6 y- q3 v% R6 X) {+ P4 s2 D: C0 H% \+ s1 k
Action by Government Personnel
% N! F) v P+ Y& l# Q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides& ^5 V$ F) @1 G9 y1 F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 u- @! c5 p: f2 N/ B9 v$ P 144. Stalling and obstruction( t: p1 Q: Q0 V! W( h/ a8 p" v+ t3 |
145. General administrative noncooperation; ?/ |7 O9 A; p: A5 b
( w$ ]7 \1 ^" b5 q! d: ]7 l$ e# ] 146. Judicial noncooperation6 y/ g' ^& P8 u+ U" G
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
3 Q! |( F$ J6 i 148. Mutiny
Z" d, |; z5 S' ?+ bDomestic Governmental Action
& O3 _6 s8 l+ w. r- ]0 } 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 O3 C8 J/ }4 ?1 U2 X
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% e5 E1 c" Y$ g2 z' `6 J
% ?5 ~: U7 ]7 ^3 x4 y
International Governmental Action& M) |8 \+ W) P! Y( a( K' }
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 Z; o5 \$ C# B 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: e( _6 O5 u- h5 M7 {
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition0 |$ G c" M5 G6 y( p V+ H k3 \! I
154. Severance of diplomatic relations# C* ~1 J, K5 x+ A9 T5 Y( }( H
155. Withdrawal from international organizations( n! T- t3 ~0 E! K- f( }
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. I2 J8 v# A) V% e; { 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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0 v- v5 O- N, N+ bTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention+ D1 W' l8 j, ^
158. Self-exposure to the elements' t# M7 e5 x7 n) Q* J! N
159. The fast9 t+ W& w4 ]; ~' T" t: u
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 J" @1 @# r7 o! R b) Hunger strike, s/ A! y9 J: \% F
c) Satyagrahic fast
( U) X7 _: z9 X 160. Reverse trial
. s7 o, A) ~+ p2 Y 161. Nonviolent harassment
3 Y! F% b# A3 u' n7 p8 y1 V+ W% A0 L- ~8 v% Y4 |5 i1 `' P0 h- B% _
Physical Intervention
3 U9 G" u/ _6 o3 u7 X @6 e 162. Sit-in' [& A2 E& j; J. ^! ^. Z
163. Stand-in
1 \0 r, I! e9 ?$ C8 Z0 [% d; { 164. Ride-in- l n# B( s( j$ u. ?2 ~5 }: ?# g
165. Wade-in
+ M) z; M2 p3 y; V0 v C( o3 d1 k 166. Mill-in4 |* M5 R: O* r2 K0 W. r2 U( {5 k
167. Pray-in4 _& b+ S! M5 o" i
168. Nonviolent raids9 q5 D- J( i D0 x9 [$ U5 f
169. Nonviolent air raids
. z+ s o# k& l1 w7 s 170. Nonviolent invasion$ X) T2 T4 G5 }- D3 w7 m( V8 e4 c
171. Nonviolent interjection
( R0 _0 @2 g S; g" ^; Y1 R, o 172. Nonviolent obstruction
. E% m4 U( j4 g! \ 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
' Q/ F+ P, f* D. w6 r/ p 174. Establishing new social patterns2 t7 {9 S- `! P! F* K: ~' D
175. Overloading of facilities
2 q! S9 N; j9 R) I 176. Stall-in; H2 l3 o0 M' W, d
177. Speak-in% Y. O9 J. w: R5 g2 y' w7 b e; _1 H
178. Guerrilla theater
; h ]) E7 M- W; L3 V; b# t0 m 179. Alternative social institutions
/ c# P$ J! e$ x: P- ~ 180. Alternative communication system
0 J& |6 z. Q* w
/ v* K8 [' `: F& C9 }$ vEconomic Intervention
' Q; J9 M5 I2 j! D. n 181. Reverse strike' Q+ K1 i a: s
182. Stay-in strike
% G l5 R" l# z2 m 183. Nonviolent land seizure6 f3 i/ l% q6 j
184. Defiance of blockades: n9 o% g( B8 N" d5 z) H& @4 o
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 r8 y3 E; @" T- p 186. Preclusive purchasing
' X# Y# U& T8 b8 r. W: @; Q5 u 187. Seizure of assets( N% l0 r3 j! D; F# b% l- u8 }
188. Dumping/ c( C# t, g7 j
189. Selective patronage
1 R0 \4 k; B2 `. ?4 G# c7 @1 k 190. Alternative markets
* M7 ~3 z' r! w4 x; Q8 `4 i& g 191. Alternative transportation systems! A' L ]" X2 c# u* N! h
192. Alternative economic institutions
8 t( T# r8 ]& L$ |" Y& Z! y9 y. u: s( A2 H& Y2 U7 Q* U
Political Intervention6 f/ h/ ?5 ^( ~; x: Q9 }
193. Overloading of administrative systems! P: w. X+ [* q( q+ R. A6 t
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& m1 Q w( c0 ?+ B# Q. T6 S 195. Seeking imprisonment
; X9 {1 { e: Y5 B6 c6 K9 H0 s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws j z; L% _( l
197. Work-on without collaboration
" U- b% S% t ^4 Z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ @& A `) [4 A! |% @
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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