 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 b* U5 X, @/ q$ }8 PFormal Statements! b8 x4 ]1 }. P' C7 p! c, r
1. Public Speeches) a; a! }2 X* F! I
2. Letters of opposition or support
0 j! t6 U1 R. r2 W9 G# _- M8 e* { 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 g8 u2 [8 q7 _, G8 _) Q 4. Signed public statements* C/ q' `: A h5 U9 p) J+ |
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 s# N- p0 d) S, b7 o1 ]5 A; g
6. Group or mass petitions6 I6 J2 m, i- {8 `
e2 z' a& I& |1 GCommunications with a Wider Audience
+ o# f! y- ?* G4 J: g N 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 L) J2 B* K5 O+ {1 n2 G" g 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ z' x* Y0 K9 G3 a) i; G/ _- @, Z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 P6 D& M4 T( b9 Z5 [0 a 10. Newspapers and journals
5 {- M, D# ^' N 11. Records, radio, and television' g) o4 u# V. d: `3 ~
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 L7 k6 z) t* B# b
7 K, l7 K9 H! N% ]( ]6 j7 v2 {Group Representations
. R" c) ?7 C, _8 ^; v) M 13. Deputations
! T; A- k9 K8 z+ N! ]3 g 14. Mock awards
6 X3 V$ H. y* A 15. Group lobbying
7 G& d3 `9 A9 |5 X, x1 M6 C9 h 16. Picketing
$ n& _& Z+ i1 N: [ 17. Mock elections" V# C$ v& v+ H4 Y# y' z& D5 u
- S0 Q, B3 |- x' w! WSymbolic Public Acts5 G5 h5 }" M6 Q; H0 w9 p7 D, m
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; ]: E% M& M, b _) _8 R 19. Wearing of symbols7 P3 `; O! P0 S* \" P4 h4 n
20. Prayer and worship
+ k i6 J! _% P) X 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 D' s9 J6 L+ | 22. Protest disrobings, y9 b/ c$ x! P: U
23. Destruction of own property
* ]2 g# C3 [8 k0 O& Z l: ^$ g5 T 24. Symbolic lights& {2 a Z4 p" U/ E
25. Displays of portraits
# E: f9 C: n) Y) [" P 26. Paint as protest- {& I* B$ m; X: N9 l
27. New signs and names
: U9 l8 C* i% v/ ], S$ @ 28. Symbolic sounds" d1 m7 j) ^1 n" ]' m. ?; D" N
29. Symbolic reclamations
2 U2 F# g# k7 y% g, w/ D4 q3 G 30. Rude gestures2 ]& t o- ^/ l! D, z
7 H) U# @) z6 _$ F* t& @ v7 A, D2 hPressures on Individuals
4 U, @5 Y3 `$ G: D0 v 31. “Haunting” officials/ j/ x' n7 P3 |4 L
32. Taunting officials
% v3 f, h9 V) i3 r. i 33. Fraternization. c, h# p" t5 |0 R
34. Vigils
( e, t2 H3 ?# l$ `5 \* X+ {- s5 m( c& W
: ~. M8 m% A7 G, s8 sDrama and Music1 O7 N' }& B* M7 t: j1 W
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ A) f9 L4 o ?3 a
36. Performances of plays and music6 i- u6 p, u# l7 H P. `
37. Singing
- E& r2 W6 Q! X% K a9 f0 A1 r2 y8 M5 I2 P. B2 t( N/ I: P
Processions
/ O* u3 G. f/ y$ A 38. Marches
* S5 @4 K3 [. v }- p 39. Parades2 Y6 h" h& _% p: L
40. Religious processions
3 u, c- F' c: f# s+ _ 41. Pilgrimages( p$ J; B* i+ r' O$ I& Y
42. Motorcades! o/ }; t3 ]: ?" ^5 z3 r L
& ^( K" d5 i5 V4 J) X
Honoring the Dead) O& [/ V& z4 H7 C; c% H
43. Political mourning* r. U! ?$ \ M. k* T* `) f
44. Mock funerals
5 v& h! O$ f7 d" Z$ I 45. Demonstrative funerals& t, F8 @, Q$ g6 V+ M
46. Homage at burial places6 S2 n' D. }. R. l5 g# i; n
# h: P G. J8 b- _( v( F0 W
Public Assemblies8 {! v8 {! m; X8 |4 `
47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ _$ e# |* |* O+ G7 B9 |: `5 ^ 48. Protest meetings( }' T9 j- C- S6 L! |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* g1 O6 q( a- @+ i* N0 A# x9 P' j
50. Teach-ins
% A" F' F! M! v' X. f% p4 v P
Z( s9 ]1 ^/ L. rWithdrawal and Renunciation
) G; X: L! H% I) Q4 Y 51. Walk-outs/ ]. Q. N" T( n* P, Q+ ~& @7 o
52. Silence: r8 a+ v/ P) [' w
53. Renouncing honors- C/ s( ~1 ^5 X$ |- T
54. Turning one’s back
: A1 X; |- N7 C* {- F7 J
2 q ]0 p/ n* D8 m- M4 u
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ Y0 ]4 a7 @8 w! J1 ~' t
9 ]* ]" S* k7 S! V
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& n# |4 N" a7 O, n( a; ~Ostracism of Persons* z! w( S5 y. g) M5 [4 e7 f ^! D" Y
55. Social boycott8 o( W& C0 D5 j" U' {0 y$ _7 X
56. Selective social boycott2 y7 M9 O- I: L3 o
57. Lysistratic nonaction6 _( a. [$ H' D1 M' Z
58. Excommunication4 U* m' P5 V$ g2 J
59. Interdict
" g. ~7 T p) n, s6 t: |* u8 L( u6 ~$ ]% `9 F
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& P9 W9 E2 p) B* v3 K4 R7 }( u& |
60. Suspension of social and sports activities' K# V- i1 D( z' R* N2 ?
61. Boycott of social affairs0 z' W5 w8 E6 \9 }8 @
62. Student strike/ B4 d6 d$ i5 q* P' C
63. Social disobedience
, }- v5 i1 [6 S 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 s8 b" _3 ^0 n
( ]" H# S% r4 q8 y$ EWithdrawal from the Social System) S* n# H& c' n: k- v: X# Q9 K
65. Stay-at-home
2 F) `9 i; k- }- {. I# I) D+ H6 w 66. Total personal noncooperation
- Y' J; f/ y: B" M6 B" R9 c 67. “Flight” of workers, u- v6 _- \) l7 W% [
68. Sanctuary% c" c' H* p4 \8 J7 P
69. Collective disappearance' w+ i& w2 [& N- C1 u0 \/ L
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 [2 M1 K+ s$ _; D; _" I
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS \7 e1 a! a: p* o: j& n
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4 M, N4 E6 g+ c5 Q! z* G, H4 l) n2 vActions by Consumers
8 @+ \3 t' R& H0 y2 D, h 71. Consumers’ boycott
$ D6 \* E4 o5 m! B3 P& ^ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 B, J1 `, P8 L
73. Policy of austerity
; m3 X. N! V$ F0 n) u% y 74. Rent withholding
* G: N% W' t4 j' S3 Z8 g 75. Refusal to rent/ i$ U5 x& S9 W% w1 p# P
76. National consumers’ boycott
: q" k; P" T; _ 77. International consumers’ boycott6 O1 U, B9 d& z* Q( W5 T. Q8 l
% R- |1 {5 ~. h7 rAction by Workers and Producers4 q" l3 ?6 c5 j* X4 ^4 h
78. Workmen’s boycott
1 H, k" r+ H8 }2 A; ]/ O* V |" Z 79. Producers’ boycott Y' s/ g6 f! K, U3 X1 B% n
, U. [7 \9 w& M5 uAction by Middlemen
9 I4 c! E, P& e/ Y( p2 q: q 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 V) N2 E3 q3 d- C8 r& g( I; o; A
( q& d7 [: ?; U1 N% _2 w; {
Action by Owners and Management
0 o% g; r( C5 J& ] 81. Traders’ boycott
0 w# @2 n! ]' z6 U! l1 I$ M J 82. Refusal to let or sell property
. f8 ~( ~5 C# f8 N& N 83. Lockout
! F8 \. m: d8 s! a5 O. { 84. Refusal of industrial assistance- Y, M5 U& M7 }% E3 t, q" S; r0 {6 ?- n
85. Merchants’ “general strike”% d" o# r7 p5 v% a, v: _8 ?+ W4 D
% h2 D) D' q5 n# m' cAction by Holders of Financial Resources
" }; Z) n% b% N+ p; H6 P4 U9 w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits6 V; x+ W( }# M5 J5 y7 _1 C
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ g, g! }2 e0 z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& E3 _$ ], \4 E4 A# t
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 O, j+ E# s& m$ N7 m 90. Revenue refusal6 g' L9 [0 }; X2 ]) @: q5 ]. K
91. Refusal of a government’s money
& _9 F4 i9 e: T9 j" ^
5 Z# ?. l, Z z7 O' m8 jAction by Governments
" y9 d& R0 w1 T( L7 n 92. Domestic embargo
* n' [9 [3 m9 ~7 b 93. Blacklisting of traders" s/ {4 k; Z. g0 e' t" J+ {9 O
94. International sellers’ embargo$ [6 E, l8 k1 c0 P: v
95. International buyers’ embargo) b2 H5 Y7 F) n7 J7 f$ }9 I; ]
96. International trade embargo% w, M/ E) P! D0 [8 q) [
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$ G* L t* A8 Q4 y* f" o- vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ L$ | V* x, \3 {7 f' a
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/ i4 }" m" H) N. SSymbolic Strikes! ]6 B. b$ {$ H6 b) x& ?
97. Protest strike. K' g# N0 a$ @" S* V, q: K
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). |* y' H) L9 d
$ ~* p- q" C& r- e: K4 s0 L: S# v! ?Agricultural Strikes
$ Q% n' l4 y( E( X8 F8 s) o 99. Peasant strike. X. V) R9 \( L; L4 P: g" K2 z
100. Farm Workers’ strike2 D- S/ M3 H: Y- `4 z9 S
* L( H- A$ T7 u. JStrikes by Special Groups$ t! _4 _. V# j4 [# h7 B+ a. y
101. Refusal of impressed labor6 ]& Z/ Y6 j" m
102. Prisoners’ strike
z% g4 Q( C- X9 V, d) r 103. Craft strike
+ P6 v! j$ w5 n 104. Professional strike3 h5 v+ C2 m% S4 a/ E1 J5 A) x
& @- l: S/ S Q7 j0 M9 ? ?
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
6 w$ R: J3 q$ g1 R4 a 105. Establishment strike @7 u! ~% G" t8 \8 N
106. Industry strike; c" E( ~. T: ~* P( `
107. Sympathetic strike
6 J! B [' k6 S* K0 C$ c3 l' }. @: u; W2 D4 u
Restricted Strikes w$ o ^3 `' ]3 T3 @( c
108. Detailed strike
9 K) v% B* G$ K8 k# D! z+ u 109. Bumper strike0 j: l8 J0 i1 A) R
110. Slowdown strike8 Z+ `5 E6 f5 o
111. Working-to-rule strike
7 j. y( {& Y( _5 D% e0 i+ g; M, U 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 W1 z) g I0 q5 [
113. Strike by resignation9 s$ Y4 `3 W* O3 o! Y9 U
114. Limited strike( g% [: d- F5 t4 C' y# @! S/ n, @
115. Selective strike
! w3 M! L# J5 C9 q0 T% A% D9 ?$ O8 t+ E( K0 I; h* _# c; f
Multi-Industry Strikes* a+ }3 m/ n+ c U
v6 o+ v) I" D 116. Generalized strike
$ q d* a1 P8 N8 ?3 F9 F. S. H( r0 C* v4 _) J, |, S& L
117. General strike( k0 W2 Z8 J2 z) g
5 W& m4 w( R6 g* J1 X7 x4 d
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures' j8 e+ q+ C% @# U' s3 j* g
0 q0 W' S$ v- \( Q8 g# h: ~4 h 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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3 f" c' Q0 o g9 l X, _# {) y! P8 ^4 \2 Y6 v" }! o: H* k7 y
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority1 P* p7 Z- d) e4 i* G; D! l
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 x/ Q8 s- @5 t; A+ V 121. Refusal of public support
# x# m' ^% v, g+ n5 d4 J4 P: J 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ x3 [0 ~. }9 |5 q
) o( v& w' W6 [5 a
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ Q3 c* |2 \0 W: B; C
123. Boycott of legislative bodies- }' C" C/ R7 r7 S) a/ }& Z/ C
124. Boycott of elections! `; W+ p- v. c) r* m; u$ I3 z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions( f5 F7 s. F0 I7 u( A0 j6 i
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# e& O- j5 S4 F) n- z" v' c 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 [2 b. x0 Y4 U& D
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; a7 U3 e$ X6 N: ^: Y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 D& N0 g4 n ~" y5 U/ l 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 c5 F+ {! H) C4 L7 [
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 i$ ~5 S. F0 v4 C& G4 ?: B0 R
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ g3 ?( ?+ {8 J5 Q. h: T9 Z5 @
4 m( m! e& ^! Y8 A3 O6 DCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ j8 d9 k4 l* A' b) q* a( y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance, P3 h' Q* m& s' |2 V( V
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 L h$ J9 [+ G4 A3 v8 X' ` 135. Popular nonobedience
6 P: L: O3 f7 B9 A5 ? 136. Disguised disobedience
" V/ @7 N. t* x, G" } 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 K8 ^0 t: P& @% i 138. Sitdown
- i2 f2 Q$ s( C& }3 } 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; d0 @1 d% S! ~' n1 I 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) X D+ q; }4 ?: d1 C
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! d' K# S3 m u |# R
7 h! u! w. i5 B' ~8 A" lAction by Government Personnel% ?0 |" m( I) R. P; z1 o( V6 W- O
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. g# [( C/ B) a' a 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: m T5 i( b( s' q' V3 J) W. Q 144. Stalling and obstruction6 W% L" l% Z1 u O, ]7 U8 y2 x+ W& S
145. General administrative noncooperation
5 y/ O7 s/ f7 _# |6 H' j, m% k W# e; |* n6 J; O
146. Judicial noncooperation w: V+ @2 U$ W: W/ {7 S
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; V6 ]' K6 {5 H( T2 b$ ]5 v
148. Mutiny
3 c! b1 F& F4 G" ^$ NDomestic Governmental Action% X! \" P2 R$ ~' n1 w2 J
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, S) d3 B9 N& i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ M6 p3 k! d! {8 ~
, w1 U; Z+ @% z3 e+ HInternational Governmental Action, _) f! w# W' L2 G0 S; T3 T7 o' v
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- z" |2 I" H0 c* B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ l) Q6 j7 C: W K
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- w f& g0 L' {9 J4 A2 Y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 A6 R) e0 J( e8 g$ f4 S |( }; i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 v, I' S1 ?- s6 ?: u
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 e/ Q, X& A1 O" h% i 157. Expulsion from international organizations
^. N1 |2 q- A5 Z
: X2 e4 y- t* J$ `8 e; n" B& G" i / m4 F: O5 v; _
5 f% d; `' b" t
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 Q9 w* h% T" Y2 Z- q/ w- v1 A/ }( \- M4 R7 v, ]
Y r+ [! ^5 k# P* P* v: M* P& w
Psychological Intervention2 }: C% ]; U7 V) }
158. Self-exposure to the elements/ o/ } Z# @4 g0 L* D
159. The fast# u1 i$ `! {; o% E" ^- }0 S
a) Fast of moral pressure9 c! F+ Y# h( f
b) Hunger strike
2 N7 ` k) v7 r1 L' s0 i c) Satyagrahic fast3 Y0 b$ K0 W7 P1 Z% P! Q
160. Reverse trial' r- T2 @! {8 w5 e' [9 d$ }2 M2 S
161. Nonviolent harassment
" Y9 o/ N/ C$ \( W3 r6 A5 @
$ B5 i, ]; i- S6 a. r1 N' pPhysical Intervention3 T# H9 w3 B2 V! f) H0 N
162. Sit-in! N5 F2 f; p2 Q8 I+ e# `8 a
163. Stand-in! |" E% D( |5 e0 s. \
164. Ride-in
1 U4 A6 t4 v. c2 N+ y0 v 165. Wade-in
9 g- w) u5 s) V5 k1 n2 d 166. Mill-in: ]7 X) F" [% b) w+ F% F; @& R
167. Pray-in
& C! `, y' X% b! d 168. Nonviolent raids
- P7 V& U1 H* Y% Q1 m 169. Nonviolent air raids; K# B! I) Y1 V
170. Nonviolent invasion8 f1 @* N( @ e) B
171. Nonviolent interjection9 t- }* I5 }7 p- x
172. Nonviolent obstruction' Z, i# I4 V% L, M- x& W
173. Nonviolent occupation( |: A5 ?* r) I* l7 U; u- D3 W
* ~# j+ f0 H; D$ h `Social Intervention) `1 E# C# |: I M+ Z
174. Establishing new social patterns) N7 w% L8 _7 m& t. y! Q ~4 C! J
175. Overloading of facilities
0 `- Z2 p! I0 C9 Q# A 176. Stall-in
/ d$ W: l! ~+ P! I- l3 ]/ }2 |0 \ 177. Speak-in& v. M+ T) Z, c3 @' a- \( w
178. Guerrilla theater
N7 m" V/ I* H" P 179. Alternative social institutions
/ x5 E6 F/ J- M: `. w! }+ W 180. Alternative communication system6 o2 \5 d& T# |: c v7 i! i8 S" A
7 C5 c( p9 X1 D4 k( b" `7 G( AEconomic Intervention
. {0 G: U' P& w+ Q" t 181. Reverse strike
% X# s j2 B8 T! u; t 182. Stay-in strike" w' { s' Z: n O
183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 |/ V( A! L, P 184. Defiance of blockades- G9 T6 }$ b3 D5 z9 t* U4 v1 u
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. I9 Q: A( I3 J% \! C6 H) V
186. Preclusive purchasing& U8 x) @* k) j, Z
187. Seizure of assets
+ A- R1 X; X7 r 188. Dumping
" _+ l7 Z& P/ [$ M4 d 189. Selective patronage. R1 w2 K2 V2 ?1 Y, j7 s, \' K0 E
190. Alternative markets
1 s; w# M! i7 C 191. Alternative transportation systems
' T- U- V- _- T$ I) r5 [* \ 192. Alternative economic institutions% z& |4 B$ Q6 z. s) v7 P' m
/ p) L/ P# v; h2 a0 {0 W; oPolitical Intervention" S5 b: s. |# Q6 X
193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 o, i+ d7 i$ U/ J 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- j! V3 V# S5 O, f3 W P
195. Seeking imprisonment
5 V/ O, H9 N. J: {) O! l! V, _ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" S* `" Z; M- h* s! l. }! d+ B 197. Work-on without collaboration
0 O$ O% \1 e; r0 m! Z+ x 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 A# m8 @) a4 _: _
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
