 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 A, B8 n. r7 n$ L
Formal Statements" P) d# T# D8 v& _9 S; G$ v
1. Public Speeches
0 X. b/ G" T8 B# t 2. Letters of opposition or support% o6 I, G. X" [% j* r; {. }1 H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- h, x' i3 m- e$ q' @: R( q
4. Signed public statements7 Z8 K" S* j# r# C- Y& r
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 ], U+ `5 G( b. t9 u 6. Group or mass petitions4 K' J3 p* b9 F2 k! `/ ^; y
# N( i8 C' D2 ?. Z9 BCommunications with a Wider Audience6 T5 S! n! ~8 W) z# e8 W8 G X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 I, r) ^+ v. o
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ ?1 V0 @6 g) C1 I+ T& R 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& h2 Q7 C( K& p% A0 \ 10. Newspapers and journals
% }3 T6 I6 Y; a* Y' ^' u! r. R 11. Records, radio, and television
O1 {: }7 e+ z: } 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' |7 b- ? Y2 _. Q3 P
8 n3 Q* D6 U, ?. |: MGroup Representations
5 u3 w2 L8 y( J2 `% ^, y9 f/ _ 13. Deputations
9 f' @3 |) F N* v0 L 14. Mock awards
" n. E3 w. G6 ]1 ~5 V w9 U% l3 Y3 W 15. Group lobbying4 P8 Z" U( W# Z6 J4 q
16. Picketing
* c) A- O% ~- ~3 Y, Z 17. Mock elections. L: q8 F4 S" i& H
" @ c- A3 g) U f
Symbolic Public Acts' _; \) Z! D1 n: z# N2 v `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 n% _+ k" U" L$ j, f 19. Wearing of symbols# I1 V% @( ?' l/ K1 X5 Z9 n8 ]
20. Prayer and worship5 K9 G4 u T: L8 R( W
21. Delivering symbolic objects
# K) o8 g, j; V) a# @' e 22. Protest disrobings. N& D/ p1 I& W# A/ B$ C' F/ q
23. Destruction of own property7 |; v# |! p" B, [; j( ?4 L
24. Symbolic lights
% f0 E% \. H) k- M# l8 C 25. Displays of portraits" l V9 x& f& P7 d
26. Paint as protest7 U% r& ` ^, @" n
27. New signs and names
2 N4 X& V. A- c0 Z3 Q4 e) ` 28. Symbolic sounds
1 S% _0 X8 Y- \- W 29. Symbolic reclamations
% b9 J) d; j# z3 e! q3 c; ` 30. Rude gestures1 R6 o- G. C& O1 u& ~0 O6 S1 \
, o5 A( L% K6 L
Pressures on Individuals
) m6 ], E7 G& w# N+ `4 u# R 31. “Haunting” officials
0 |: \6 A( p& e# t; _. g/ s 32. Taunting officials; w( ~3 H: k3 D+ S' X+ a& {6 j
33. Fraternization' R( Z3 N7 h- u4 L* F
34. Vigils
1 o: X- k ?- D. ~0 Y% c
6 b. p/ v! F) z' o/ }1 `Drama and Music
" a+ r6 m7 O# |% f 35. Humorous skits and pranks& |0 N4 _: C5 R9 @5 m" \ |" e
36. Performances of plays and music' ~9 L4 S* k2 g% r+ L j
37. Singing
1 B5 [* a, g# j' ?1 ~: W% `9 {
! B# N U* \2 p, b5 UProcessions
( d; {4 r# K- j0 q, Z 38. Marches
5 R, t' S3 y' n- p' V 39. Parades' _- [$ p# r* \" B5 J& J( L
40. Religious processions/ a, i6 g0 u2 d' j5 J3 F' k
41. Pilgrimages$ u6 m% U4 r( I! R1 w' @, E
42. Motorcades
/ [4 t. @ N4 v5 A9 f( q- I6 X5 g8 Y# R' s9 U: p1 t- s
Honoring the Dead. \1 a& @& m* E6 m0 w- K
43. Political mourning
5 U# J1 Q# D V 44. Mock funerals
8 G$ o1 }4 Q8 x% C/ D8 { 45. Demonstrative funerals b' M+ `; ]" s# s8 Q" \' o
46. Homage at burial places
- b6 o: F! ~1 G5 e1 i2 d8 s0 O( d5 M+ h% z8 L! U& O) j4 b# O- O
Public Assemblies' t! E7 b$ p; Z
47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 u7 W3 L; r. ^0 S1 N# r6 G 48. Protest meetings
: m# m0 v7 a( _& u7 M. U: y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 c. N& M7 I: K& F 50. Teach-ins
- c, l- V+ c+ s% O& s
3 @ H( P) \. D* K( S, m LWithdrawal and Renunciation. G/ X7 u! L. Y8 |2 ~% Q
51. Walk-outs
% e4 T. x! n; N) N3 u+ |+ {( D 52. Silence
7 }4 a7 c* R2 D) v 53. Renouncing honors6 t4 ^9 Z% S+ `
54. Turning one’s back9 k; E& q, n" @6 A- E
! J+ f+ q0 z9 r' n2 l# h1 ~
$ n! K ^; A3 t7 o& _) W8 v. s
! @5 r, n( j8 V7 oTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' g: F, r& Q/ M' p# e9 ]' j$ X+ C0 ^4 o, z% q1 C
0 I$ J7 \6 O; C- J; I
- r u' h; m/ \
Ostracism of Persons2 p; Q+ [% E. v; d( R$ C5 G
55. Social boycott0 a% V2 @; R* x6 I8 R
56. Selective social boycott( S0 }# _. d% V; n6 F9 ?* g
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 p* i0 u+ x7 G$ l9 P9 @ 58. Excommunication! n" s' j# [9 T) f
59. Interdict& [$ k9 K. ?8 M) I. R+ A
1 r. Q$ @8 ~2 v h. l
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
}- _6 x- I9 T: K- f$ z* J5 V5 G 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ s0 z: u5 j k0 M 61. Boycott of social affairs
# l8 Q! F3 @+ Z' h2 h+ k+ u4 S7 @ 62. Student strike6 w6 V! O" J6 w c& ?
63. Social disobedience
6 j9 r1 Z2 W- x 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 Y) {' R0 B3 \6 \ U$ G1 B6 R2 n1 N6 y& @7 q5 k
Withdrawal from the Social System; ^2 C/ s2 n. ]8 X& R
65. Stay-at-home
( y+ C7 W7 I3 `! h/ r, Q1 ^: q/ U 66. Total personal noncooperation
$ G. J) I4 M2 [ 67. “Flight” of workers* O6 }. u. D: U: x' i/ X
68. Sanctuary
( q5 S# z: ~: v2 d 69. Collective disappearance
8 W; C7 q$ L. @" d* b' F1 A 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 O- k7 @5 H n9 r" z
" d$ W/ L$ Z( u! ]
4 C( \2 m. o2 q& m6 H) b% ]* _
/ x, \: f0 X& f6 d$ n+ D p: ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 W+ k& R, N9 H/ @1 |1 ] w5 q7 H# {- S( {9 P
" N* L; y8 a1 w) V, t' {
Actions by Consumers! t- @, P5 N- P1 |5 k
71. Consumers’ boycott, M0 ^6 `. Q u- r- _
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; W L9 y3 H" `6 x! `
73. Policy of austerity
m5 f1 ]" O9 @! b 74. Rent withholding7 v4 L' u8 |8 h# W9 B
75. Refusal to rent5 x& y0 u1 Y9 y8 o' b$ O7 L+ l! {
76. National consumers’ boycott4 z4 l5 `1 S0 l7 v+ k! l
77. International consumers’ boycott3 l$ v+ R, [0 L! y3 H1 \7 S
& G% V! n% W6 |% E N. l
Action by Workers and Producers
+ K( I/ V1 M# m2 G2 E 78. Workmen’s boycott6 R3 l0 h2 e9 y4 c% ~4 O( x( ]
79. Producers’ boycott
* `8 x( D0 _* [9 Y0 r. C Y
8 q% [, F/ f0 M& y0 |Action by Middlemen# y4 o* v6 L% p4 V9 a1 {
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 v# V3 e9 h2 W( w; ~1 U; p9 K6 N
/ S; d4 t+ E. j$ a+ _1 X. d
Action by Owners and Management+ [' @' A2 Z7 b6 f5 n) J; n
81. Traders’ boycott: v( t- W y8 ]) ? Y7 n
82. Refusal to let or sell property' ?; _# t3 i$ z& V$ q
83. Lockout
: t9 i7 R$ d6 w6 g1 o 84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 W+ O; R) O; q7 g$ i
85. Merchants’ “general strike”# a F$ q. P( y3 A( i! y* L0 V A
H* C7 k' c% Z9 ]8 s- A( d }, T
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" B, _, F6 \9 p$ u, j8 \ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- `$ Y$ T0 @0 ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) K$ G$ B9 b2 A
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ [5 Z( x% U0 N 89. Severance of funds and credit$ V- j, A s( r C8 ~3 w, d* y( W
90. Revenue refusal
, _" h. g4 T; S$ d6 ]( |4 A 91. Refusal of a government’s money3 X. y$ L( S0 r+ |
% F; E c" E. h0 `; J- b/ \Action by Governments
$ @' b' Y/ E# ]9 t$ a2 _. f' y* M 92. Domestic embargo
# l: \% i; M5 {2 i1 S6 h3 q 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ m0 ] v! e) ?6 r 94. International sellers’ embargo
: E: e8 J2 x6 o; w7 q 95. International buyers’ embargo9 K) m G5 h& x2 U
96. International trade embargo1 y& r8 l. u3 j ]3 X% q
2 ?( k+ M4 g5 |$ d; a+ S
5 w& Y" A/ ]1 U8 c1 ^+ E
, ] ^ |# _; U% z9 T+ V e3 JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 C8 ]9 b3 u$ R( |2 R! T- k- K7 T4 a. k. A
5 q {1 O& |; @8 G, q g* n2 r, A5 w
Symbolic Strikes# Z- \ j, P/ z
97. Protest strike
0 j+ S7 W& m* u4 z5 s& u 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
8 T0 y* z5 R/ K0 N; s6 ?! ?. r3 u/ s4 Y0 T
Agricultural Strikes; f2 P- T2 n! q- l; B& |
99. Peasant strike. X3 g& _5 M6 ?6 E6 M0 r0 n& C$ n/ W
100. Farm Workers’ strike) f& ?0 q% d9 Q6 |1 w" V! X
/ \ j' v2 x# k- j* E# N
Strikes by Special Groups; i! w# ~7 a, P& a
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 _- L" O7 ]' |2 ~5 N 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ D( a, R2 C: K2 { 103. Craft strike
( F+ J) D8 R; U- u# Z2 z. c* E9 }0 I) H 104. Professional strike
# A( L& ^( c; \0 k' o' H5 K/ f: `) ~5 i0 @" o* O
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. X6 H1 z1 N4 E 105. Establishment strike
. b H( U( r4 Z8 }% A7 E! G 106. Industry strike
3 U J, y9 \- {8 f4 m0 v 107. Sympathetic strike
. z0 E$ v& q& @7 v; w
. D. `8 p( _. G/ b# A* O6 qRestricted Strikes& ?9 E. ~+ @2 }9 S
108. Detailed strike9 q1 }; O/ c6 n# W. W0 Z
109. Bumper strike
" W9 g" x1 q" V6 U# H 110. Slowdown strike& B2 F6 m9 ^0 N) _# v
111. Working-to-rule strike4 Q) `( z' z" r5 U$ R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ c- O/ F( u4 k; w" S 113. Strike by resignation
8 F, D9 ?* B+ P( n2 i 114. Limited strike- L ^7 P3 q, G1 V; f1 W& _; k* C7 x
115. Selective strike
3 f+ f! z# K# j5 N6 {6 S) s* |/ |" V. A
Multi-Industry Strikes' C. D Z! h; f6 t x
; x9 X f1 @. J) \8 ^
116. Generalized strike
7 Z- l D6 }% [$ n1 {& g1 e
+ \$ Q; C- P$ u8 v 117. General strike
9 W% `) N3 B- R* ?9 l7 ^$ o( k/ e! C" C8 {
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 T; Z' ~$ B# D. V. E
% a3 l& Q/ d/ {( S" L 118. Hartal! V5 n5 z8 E8 @( T+ h6 y. W
3 _4 V0 p- R* N# [6 i
119. Economic shutdown
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5 t. R6 f* p5 M) t0 K4 q. ?. H; m u, i& d7 o
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION3 o9 T% _5 i( {. P+ W. G
A' `0 D) t$ u1 ?5 o
8 D+ c& {7 i9 L. p! W5 f7 B7 vRejection of Authority
7 l4 h8 V' p/ W) N8 I! y( T* w6 ?; S 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( ^) c* |& V. o0 e7 h; ^
121. Refusal of public support( o, N. V+ K$ E% j+ T* o
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, n5 v. ?& G. y* F+ W" Y
* L1 Q6 }# U; u, {
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government I V, L' @# |
123. Boycott of legislative bodies- Y* p7 E: ^4 T2 L
124. Boycott of elections; M4 o% e: E8 x+ F9 t9 ~
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 f; ?( H/ g! v$ F8 c0 X6 O8 V6 o1 S
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ `" ^8 J& b" T3 m* r 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 m8 F( e% V; G6 E2 k/ F1 L. g9 u 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 Y+ |7 {% F6 r9 r" a p. I) |
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 Z; i, Z) ]+ g+ H8 D) L
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* g4 [: r9 f5 s& J# z% b* V
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 W/ k* \1 _5 Q; P Q' @! X! S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 |" K. ^) k; _9 x
' u2 o& G5 n8 X' ]7 J( mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) W; y- b) x( C I( F3 N
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, Z! C9 k9 G5 r/ l+ l 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* ]9 k: L/ S# I 135. Popular nonobedience" P, S6 S1 G5 X/ _# H- u9 w
136. Disguised disobedience
# Y4 ^- O! x- C- ~2 b% U 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* Q# X1 T0 i+ ]3 G; W, J @ 138. Sitdown& T( @! N. i, t) F. Y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 t0 Q0 {2 M/ m8 _) \" c 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. K0 v7 w! ~% A
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# E0 n0 I/ `6 V9 X
; T9 s" ] H" AAction by Government Personnel+ ^! [+ G$ L5 Z( p9 D# i8 ^
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# O+ u/ P8 }# s( |% o- b' B
143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 ]' u0 c8 x: B: `8 \
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 }2 g2 @) ?+ x* W 145. General administrative noncooperation
: t+ M1 m; }% [/ G! q7 A \) d! t. s* k$ F9 B
146. Judicial noncooperation3 }/ _0 f. @6 V( X$ t% T. b
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" ? C2 f/ @4 i6 A
148. Mutiny- K# `5 ^3 L# S7 }( n; c1 a
Domestic Governmental Action
/ b2 g8 j8 t( A% Q4 M 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 s; N. d5 o' v6 k 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 ~( V' m0 F/ K6 R
+ o$ o" e0 ^6 B: T" i- x4 [International Governmental Action: U/ j, {& E% ~4 W+ A
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ k2 I$ i2 l$ \ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 C2 f" |& H6 m" m7 T( I+ Z: S 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; k+ b% q( g# D& J% T
154. Severance of diplomatic relations. j. J* P/ ?6 e7 J/ b5 \# @5 R7 B
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ V$ E; L" w+ D 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( J' N7 u% J5 u! S+ K, ]" D 157. Expulsion from international organizations' M9 }2 g) g: ]6 V, \" e( a* u. m
$ u" j) w7 t1 m7 V
^: r! R% J0 x7 W
9 ]& P- b# \2 JTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
: k5 J+ O& x6 E* d# O2 \5 \) [+ s$ w5 C) }5 ]3 O
6 ~$ M9 p2 @+ D" ]( d: Q: {8 `
Psychological Intervention
0 {& z. F/ A* B% f% S 158. Self-exposure to the elements
! O# S! }, I5 [" M 159. The fast7 S; F: w% W+ p' h: q/ ?
a) Fast of moral pressure
2 @) J+ i9 A: U* k X/ }: K b) Hunger strike
5 D0 I' p- s+ _9 ~ c) Satyagrahic fast: l1 J. s% S8 b- t. V$ m, c
160. Reverse trial
6 T; ]6 w7 r8 S. U 161. Nonviolent harassment( ]/ F' W3 x& `) @% _7 A; v4 D* o1 b
! W- ]! W- M! |+ UPhysical Intervention
4 ^8 R$ d$ N; ? 162. Sit-in8 f- W; l. t/ V* F6 r9 y
163. Stand-in7 X1 I4 c( n' {3 ?4 m
164. Ride-in
! h8 J3 b4 d% d9 A* O 165. Wade-in1 N8 x5 B3 ^+ l
166. Mill-in
0 a9 A, |% C/ _3 T+ g 167. Pray-in! Q) P, ]1 H# U
168. Nonviolent raids
; f% O; p& l% e( ~" X 169. Nonviolent air raids; e- k. I5 ? K# H; B
170. Nonviolent invasion1 F" P& R% w( ^ P' k% T
171. Nonviolent interjection& m0 E+ K7 P: o" C2 Q: [2 I
172. Nonviolent obstruction8 x: T' F3 p+ Z) w6 c
173. Nonviolent occupation
3 Z$ V% q5 c' j$ c' ~! l9 h; a, N
4 T( P* f; W5 U8 p; GSocial Intervention% h+ O1 x. a. V6 e% b* J: P0 t
174. Establishing new social patterns, }% T3 y& O: x! x! B
175. Overloading of facilities
$ P# `3 d8 y) T1 U1 Q. `) G 176. Stall-in3 `* y* c9 k7 Q
177. Speak-in. z9 \" s k4 a/ G* u7 c3 D6 g
178. Guerrilla theater% Q: Q/ o$ X" M$ g; P+ M
179. Alternative social institutions
& _" L* T3 e a/ z 180. Alternative communication system3 s$ `5 X9 K: y
- K% ]7 P w; u, l" M; e
Economic Intervention
, i2 w+ ]9 f1 ^: ~# X 181. Reverse strike" h: v l" N' ~, H" m5 i2 m4 R
182. Stay-in strike
' ~- T5 x; ^7 ] 183. Nonviolent land seizure, l. E, H5 a' [
184. Defiance of blockades
# a, [/ T3 v W# H+ \ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: \; A$ o S! n2 ]# D6 z
186. Preclusive purchasing
8 i5 J# p: l$ l: j$ E0 B: F0 Y3 u 187. Seizure of assets0 ^$ P( s/ l# B" s$ T0 i' N
188. Dumping
) s% |: `7 r. o( f6 l' J6 r8 _ 189. Selective patronage
3 m- B5 J* Z6 u# U 190. Alternative markets* |# O( B) O7 U
191. Alternative transportation systems
/ n' O5 n6 M- J, i) w2 ~ 192. Alternative economic institutions
$ R4 R, B; Y. L
* Q" y* l2 t# P ^0 cPolitical Intervention, S7 E( L& V6 M, Z; j
193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ }; e. r' g, s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! @ _! m$ ^6 z" Q# k# e. z- n. y( H* Y 195. Seeking imprisonment6 k! y) h6 O: P! ?7 u) n; Y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. A3 V/ [5 V3 F; X' `/ y 197. Work-on without collaboration9 r0 Z* f D/ @
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ v( d: I7 Q9 @
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
