 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 ^; D5 V) g* Z! [# L5 y
Formal Statements
7 `$ k# g8 r! E$ l2 g) _3 r 1. Public Speeches
1 w( ~6 b7 ~$ F0 ^' ? 2. Letters of opposition or support, A! o3 {+ O, Z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( v/ y; n: @( m7 c$ Z2 R 4. Signed public statements$ [* x* U1 t3 M- j9 Y7 t2 @2 S
5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 |6 m8 G3 H$ W5 }' d) x
6. Group or mass petitions- r* x8 V5 n5 r! z3 l
# l- ?/ a# z7 L. X/ \% Q6 h1 G5 I+ n' [( Z
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 v+ y6 T8 r2 o0 `" B2 Q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
( E! J" J+ R! M( r, j7 O9 n 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. e& \* r6 [" O! a3 V 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% v) l* F- e! p2 Y& z) c H8 D
10. Newspapers and journals
1 b- Q* e) V6 v' j 11. Records, radio, and television7 \- D6 L S+ I: ?9 j5 m5 j/ N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 p* N+ B. v E+ F9 T
4 @ }& s, ]+ u( s8 J; L }Group Representations
- l$ W" [9 B( \. \+ u* X 13. Deputations5 \' P2 V4 F2 b! \
14. Mock awards
: ]& V9 ~( e) _; ~) H 15. Group lobbying5 u) W( d8 e& q2 e- c
16. Picketing% z2 L% D8 c; h% J- l% J
17. Mock elections8 y7 Q: P8 E4 x5 l. T/ _2 c3 y& X
0 Z$ H9 u* Q* o5 m7 JSymbolic Public Acts6 ^! A: g1 n+ d1 K+ o4 {
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 `9 c8 |7 x; R- L5 z
19. Wearing of symbols: I+ g4 \* O [
20. Prayer and worship" z4 F$ b3 v0 \- }- P! C# {
21. Delivering symbolic objects7 w8 _% Y( h4 f' K+ ?
22. Protest disrobings
" x+ _2 j, T* j* d6 W 23. Destruction of own property
! T2 g! i8 K- j% i/ O 24. Symbolic lights
4 u! [" z( T; B, P& m& d 25. Displays of portraits
3 s! r2 x- r0 c5 w2 E, u 26. Paint as protest
( L/ R; [5 r5 }# ] 27. New signs and names, s3 X3 ]" M, z3 ?% `
28. Symbolic sounds
9 w( J D7 u! {5 Z 29. Symbolic reclamations
! ?0 k( T2 [% L 30. Rude gestures
a1 B3 W9 N w9 f _+ t" i9 `% v. O# W% c o
Pressures on Individuals U2 y+ \) Q+ i8 w: A% {
31. “Haunting” officials1 C2 W- I/ O; x4 Z
32. Taunting officials
# o2 g$ P9 l1 `. V, Z 33. Fraternization
$ V$ |4 f1 m; m" | 34. Vigils O' K7 o, Y8 u6 ?; w, E
0 y# w7 _, s2 r) q9 lDrama and Music
7 A5 Z8 i3 F) n. K( g 35. Humorous skits and pranks. C/ ~6 {# Q9 l3 v& c; v% }
36. Performances of plays and music# U0 J. r1 m0 |
37. Singing. |/ _3 C- o. K- u" d u
1 X7 j) i4 M! i- QProcessions
' a) d5 t* h7 R. h 38. Marches
( l4 _& d0 Q- E5 l- o8 P& g6 f 39. Parades
' H; U& W& Z; g 40. Religious processions
5 ^% B6 o, U+ L, E) u0 I& y 41. Pilgrimages0 S2 W, J7 H* b0 l$ |/ x
42. Motorcades# e! B8 R; x$ k) R: R) Z. Q. K
1 x+ i- J' L( lHonoring the Dead) |! U1 G3 |* U* O+ _& H. b& T4 ]
43. Political mourning
; O# Q9 ?3 `. U9 n 44. Mock funerals
' q. O+ n) ^, b O6 P! Q0 { 45. Demonstrative funerals
0 c, Z' Z/ A4 [1 h8 V: @( r+ B' W, f9 o6 a 46. Homage at burial places
5 Z" A/ ?% M" r. y, w% X" d8 x5 f+ r8 Z- Y5 Y8 a" `; e
Public Assemblies
2 U; p- D3 O" b$ s9 V 47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ S6 S3 u3 a" p( A* w 48. Protest meetings$ p" H0 Z, S/ @$ S# M- _
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest C; J6 ]9 n( X( I3 L
50. Teach-ins
" B7 B7 C3 m( W1 }; r: A7 o! O' ~: }4 a* b
Withdrawal and Renunciation r$ _7 Q* R1 P2 m
51. Walk-outs$ B* r+ R' Y2 C" Z! i1 b: w
52. Silence; _& K1 X1 @8 s" `7 ~! \
53. Renouncing honors
7 D( I. K' J: X2 c- C2 P 54. Turning one’s back+ n, ~' M. f' D
$ i! A5 K4 V0 D; N) K
& P# Z% k( S6 Y5 ~) {% x! Z! ^6 B- b: M7 q6 l7 R0 b
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
% |. ?. a5 z! T6 }, o: H- f: G+ P9 {7 F
$ |' q) V3 i3 o+ p9 Y7 F8 Y
; K" b; M) ~4 }1 b6 h
Ostracism of Persons
6 e" N# v1 I5 A( }; V 55. Social boycott
8 t( h' t' E) W8 S+ M7 h0 X" m! o, L 56. Selective social boycott/ ^& w* f: s% a; I+ W) r
57. Lysistratic nonaction8 |) b, j& g' I( k* C) Q/ ~! Q
58. Excommunication
& C9 E0 c" c( V( ^6 w 59. Interdict6 Z6 G+ X2 \- |; q; {
. L( B0 Y, T9 J* k, s( S: C0 FNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 F% B5 [, ^) b% U' _; n
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
6 r% o& Y @, W! S 61. Boycott of social affairs
5 M% b) C/ X" R# N; e1 e& z 62. Student strike& ~3 R4 i: O- m. m
63. Social disobedience8 f: T- i' d5 `7 h% O3 H
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 F' K5 y/ @6 k2 o: M0 q4 P; A3 _! M) ~
) O6 M' n; k* A# FWithdrawal from the Social System
) ?& x- g; A+ ~: M 65. Stay-at-home
# e8 a1 E3 I4 `1 N 66. Total personal noncooperation# a# x! \- d0 P- @. Z g8 c, v
67. “Flight” of workers
, D! d+ f/ h$ Y+ e 68. Sanctuary& c! d' [% i0 v# I4 r& ^
69. Collective disappearance
9 m4 T+ n# ^. X; d 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 G" {0 z, L$ }
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4 S7 S3 k. ?6 s# UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS% N+ q0 `; g( g f9 S$ |. d5 z" g
# M1 N- {# k/ l+ x' {% U) ]
: ^0 g L5 w. k: p/ P$ \Actions by Consumers9 s! x. H9 B* M1 x0 ^
71. Consumers’ boycott: p& Z5 j' y: |- t7 G5 B
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ q( K1 A1 v) B7 u- b4 f 73. Policy of austerity2 m' K/ H8 [( l' P
74. Rent withholding, {( i( v# e; \7 `
75. Refusal to rent
, a' p" Y8 A. w, l/ {% Y4 q" E 76. National consumers’ boycott: Y/ J5 J5 r; E
77. International consumers’ boycott$ T' F; x. F& J$ @' u5 V; H' X
) u: l: F/ w% I% g7 cAction by Workers and Producers
' s' }8 p! V D' s5 ^9 y5 R @+ S* } 78. Workmen’s boycott
* u& ]. |3 D/ c% u- \/ o 79. Producers’ boycott- I+ a" o k, e# E `, [6 p& V
7 {+ o2 |! y+ q VAction by Middlemen( z/ n) i) R6 n5 o
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: b1 p" B. d; W+ L7 u3 d6 Y
& `( Z; g: J- J* E OAction by Owners and Management
) [7 r+ F1 i. f! |: u9 y! B 81. Traders’ boycott
% I, e- T0 w& \; b9 i' Y0 k( z 82. Refusal to let or sell property
. F J! E& y# N0 v( u 83. Lockout
_. h: C* z- p1 x5 w# B 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' v& K `$ Y" z8 N, @ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”, S! K s3 _, o3 L/ ?3 L
$ @5 Z( }* f' O/ Q1 E
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
% U/ d3 g0 G, v. R; S 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 Y4 v. d0 y! q* I0 B: L( p2 i 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- I8 u& d0 I; @( [- w/ D) s! b 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 y4 K$ q3 j% v
89. Severance of funds and credit
4 Y- g) i; _0 r/ S 90. Revenue refusal
9 h9 ^1 c! \5 a0 N% @7 w 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 U: F, M& g0 U- X
9 p; d( f: ]: w1 {8 n
Action by Governments
9 W* E# k7 ]9 s9 b$ u# Y 92. Domestic embargo
q- ~7 }4 D* F: ] 93. Blacklisting of traders h9 D5 o+ G2 |+ U7 @& F% U
94. International sellers’ embargo
! R2 Q k4 l5 p; n' f/ b 95. International buyers’ embargo
" `( L$ l! l* |* _% p6 N 96. International trade embargo
. v- v: i1 p+ }/ H5 A1 X$ S. W; O1 a; k" E
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: t$ W( {- ~$ A2 \# G$ I+ q. K* t
1 V1 U$ v/ _1 |) u
: u, _; O; F8 Z: C( L+ _) X6 v. n d, OSymbolic Strikes
; S+ E1 _. d, v/ p K 97. Protest strike
5 L, t' F. \0 M z4 v 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 A3 t! q* o! N1 t% f
1 N( U4 r# e0 k) r2 i4 ~Agricultural Strikes
$ L0 Q1 i: e Q8 Q5 j8 E7 V9 Q 99. Peasant strike9 I3 U. C) p. w" v
100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 v8 b- S& R/ p: L; ]: S8 a1 v
( Q, j I$ e# l6 I6 E, c; aStrikes by Special Groups
2 a2 K: l( {' q/ O. x% u 101. Refusal of impressed labor
# l0 L7 R. e0 z2 B% k" N& p2 K 102. Prisoners’ strike ]* K1 i% ^! }& e/ G5 H% X9 U5 ^
103. Craft strike
) d \ ^$ m3 d5 f" W 104. Professional strike
; J, w5 C4 G) T8 O; {9 g2 S# N5 K* P
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 @4 M: A0 i {- r 105. Establishment strike' Z; [! z# d/ W+ A
106. Industry strike
# M, u9 n) m \. \( T6 o 107. Sympathetic strike
. R& d% J$ z* K1 {0 I& O8 r' @
7 w+ G9 E/ X! v z: U+ }% A1 I5 dRestricted Strikes
/ ^8 t; o# t0 p! e 108. Detailed strike8 ^7 g/ M( Z, {: G( |
109. Bumper strike* f, m! d: S' @1 c4 f4 @9 e( N# O
110. Slowdown strike4 T/ J) v: I/ ]9 `: g' \# ?9 v {
111. Working-to-rule strike
4 P3 q8 d) V( _. ` 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 ~ t4 A. I- }5 s* p 113. Strike by resignation& Z- c0 S* C; \" A; A: {
114. Limited strike
0 Q/ K" {( Y# l1 C# A8 w/ m 115. Selective strike7 d5 K$ [2 A1 a* y6 E' X
4 h6 i9 \+ Q: l* ` a, {
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 m3 t, l, \2 [4 q2 }4 B @; e7 \& e% r j* e x0 a2 ?$ o
116. Generalized strike
0 {, d) z1 R3 i2 h1 P7 h4 D0 I1 R& O, k0 B
117. General strike
. R$ F! r! V) R9 x) U; ^- ^. r/ c( {& P6 S1 n
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 O2 r; W6 m& H- I8 Z9 B% C
4 w( d M* _+ c! Q8 \
118. Hartal
, g: M7 E, P) c% H; f3 k. c% p# U2 l% ~
. {5 V5 ?. O# ^) N$ B7 |9 e, K 119. Economic shutdown
' ]( N. ^8 ^1 J8 u7 z- A, W
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+ {$ d' Z; z% ] o) T8 N
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 P# t% `9 K! q$ e! l& u' t
1 I! A$ t0 P# |, k, ?
( j/ |6 U0 O1 I qRejection of Authority
: l( V7 [4 ~0 L& j0 w 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' [9 m) L+ c3 g# ~% l. E
121. Refusal of public support
" O% R( [% c3 H8 ` 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ n7 @+ t9 l* K6 L8 S- F: q3 F- M
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- j7 A8 x2 Z8 S( H7 r. }
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ p, k/ W" J4 X! C1 y6 ~ 124. Boycott of elections
; ?: U {" S8 z4 }2 l3 X' ? 125. Boycott of government employment and positions% m, X" Y8 c$ ?$ B% V# n; H
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% i$ b: H) y( Q, a0 b 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: f( Z+ E& Y6 B ? S6 r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 E+ Z1 k- A4 P. O+ j* H- a. Q9 w 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( |2 A z( C2 V+ L9 g8 Q: V
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks+ L% {6 ^. u. F* E: f* F
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; A! r+ g) F' T c- P0 V* t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% M' ?2 i6 }# D3 \
( c7 i4 j# Y0 t$ T5 N( q, E# PCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ K1 Z" k% g# w$ E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ m% m, Q& y, w: p 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& t$ J0 W& P% @
135. Popular nonobedience+ C7 j2 R9 S) ]. K, P
136. Disguised disobedience8 M6 F* K/ T; O0 Y# {/ _3 m( c' u
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
r- C: h& O8 C8 c$ G 138. Sitdown0 ]$ W$ d7 p6 p+ N. }5 r) V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% h. o$ f* y5 Y, Z0 k 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
% Q) G# ~! R8 ` T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 P9 c. I! C) ` s+ n, j/ P' Z ~) e2 M" {
Action by Government Personnel
s8 e. H2 V* w1 ^+ f" ^* I8 @ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" Y8 n/ P1 ]8 w9 D 143. Blocking of lines of command and information, ~: g* s2 V! V
144. Stalling and obstruction
% u0 F' I; g( D3 M; n; O 145. General administrative noncooperation
, U; \- x' S. H2 `! ~, d& [; i z' u* d$ k" N. ?7 H
146. Judicial noncooperation
$ [# N/ h. |( | F: z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 `. h! z0 b9 E h2 w+ R+ X: t 148. Mutiny
! g# r4 F& a4 m( G2 iDomestic Governmental Action
& _; m1 ~7 k) n/ y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: S. F5 `5 X1 D( H7 e- n
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 P9 v( M# }& V
; T* a9 W: S f! E) i1 l) t7 Z U. u1 UInternational Governmental Action
2 W2 S" ^6 ^7 m3 E 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 a" w) }5 y, K9 l; Y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 [% p+ [# N7 T. M o' e* s% y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ E" k0 y D/ n
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 L. ]8 z) b# Z4 p 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 [0 a7 x/ t1 k0 {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 O) t4 X6 r" j* W 157. Expulsion from international organizations/ b+ ?3 p0 H) ~; J1 p# }) t; X( ^
7 [, @& q+ o2 ~! ~5 f! S
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 I3 q4 _2 t2 {9 R: }. G# A
: m [7 k: E4 q7 x0 c$ _# u , Z/ ?, I) U7 ~1 @4 g/ I
Psychological Intervention
+ ~5 i3 Q% f4 l- r 158. Self-exposure to the elements
" _- m0 D% K8 h 159. The fast
; ?( A3 p" @! Q: p# C a) Fast of moral pressure
- p b! D; |; `+ K* k b) Hunger strike( `9 }0 l; I# {" U/ V! {
c) Satyagrahic fast
: G. A) _1 v2 ^8 w, d+ x; }" G+ @ I 160. Reverse trial
+ d, ~7 |" L4 n+ q- F- n7 Q7 y. G" N 161. Nonviolent harassment' Z. j& i" L8 L( y7 D
0 l5 w. g2 g+ u5 G: e( n/ ZPhysical Intervention
1 u1 D* R5 M% [/ B9 D& a- r 162. Sit-in
4 I, }2 C5 I4 H8 y ?/ p% a: U 163. Stand-in
! X7 @5 M- M9 Y; p 164. Ride-in/ a" |+ d* a: T
165. Wade-in
$ C& r/ X5 S8 P9 F5 x2 _ 166. Mill-in; b* A7 ~* i, e Y
167. Pray-in) K5 S% @# m0 j+ Z: B7 \
168. Nonviolent raids( I, z1 c; z. o* Z
169. Nonviolent air raids4 t4 v" Y" N' k* F0 B" Z
170. Nonviolent invasion
+ S: T# l% t( s f/ N% d 171. Nonviolent interjection% Z: a/ M( `5 g4 L7 j i
172. Nonviolent obstruction& ~6 d( ?- ?5 e& {& g3 R
173. Nonviolent occupation. m5 G- [' V, w' K2 c- a9 s
0 `7 C5 {. X( x. c1 gSocial Intervention
2 W4 q' ~9 @- c) G' x0 } 174. Establishing new social patterns( b6 d- x) ?9 \ X' ^, Q
175. Overloading of facilities
! K) j: |. [( ?. P; j) k 176. Stall-in
4 q# ~# A- {( g# r! E( m1 ?1 F 177. Speak-in8 D7 O; ^0 U. I0 B) M1 }
178. Guerrilla theater+ v. e* X$ ~) m
179. Alternative social institutions
$ X8 q8 `6 \) R# k! A, w3 S 180. Alternative communication system
- f* r& t+ w1 @6 j- Y* e6 C X$ ]' Y0 `" A/ }, x
Economic Intervention
* Y7 P1 } ]% C! ^) w 181. Reverse strike, ~* ]# ]( m9 c* [6 C$ c
182. Stay-in strike
. @& |0 }0 Z7 t$ B 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ k; `; G$ j* j+ p1 U/ z; W& P: ~ 184. Defiance of blockades# y/ v/ p! P! D! F7 T4 j! {) M+ H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& ?2 J% |2 x0 D2 \4 T$ {# b
186. Preclusive purchasing D# W9 L; ]- |0 s( s$ J9 p& j" K
187. Seizure of assets
( L" o& l. A1 B$ u8 |) ~% x 188. Dumping! Z3 Y8 C2 \$ ?; G3 f p
189. Selective patronage
@9 F9 N2 m; X: ~. w% y& `2 U 190. Alternative markets m, N3 a4 _) P; p+ z
191. Alternative transportation systems1 i: S; |2 x6 J/ p" e2 U# P3 J
192. Alternative economic institutions
" Q: v$ ^! F. a$ I1 g# ^' M" V
2 o7 a5 ~7 j/ E; k V" oPolitical Intervention" n2 \- V1 o9 g- k
193. Overloading of administrative systems4 {! ^$ X3 W4 i+ L
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: f2 h! i# |4 L' M6 J 195. Seeking imprisonment
7 z$ [3 Y4 |0 S8 p0 q; h 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: ~7 D: F( H, V! N 197. Work-on without collaboration
5 ]+ K) l- [, ?& Q( W; v 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' ^% J2 C, k) c3 d5 ^* ]4 h a
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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