 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
2 r1 l( u& t# r' E# m8 Z% u- QFormal Statements
+ J9 q" \; K$ C( G 1. Public Speeches$ a2 N; b% o2 N- Y; X! Z
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 X, s, E5 }* `1 v( N 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* ^" k* X6 K$ p) Y V/ |8 h 4. Signed public statements
, Q7 s7 u- t, h0 M( ~1 x 5. Declarations of indictment and intention8 q# E! K5 C0 m* m, l7 p
6. Group or mass petitions
1 u% Z$ O2 k( }# h
4 n$ J/ Q% J* R' V- MCommunications with a Wider Audience/ {# @3 o4 @, c8 b
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 M2 ?* C" [/ I1 H 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 E+ C' i0 t. J) R5 k- O a7 ?
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 G8 V7 ?9 w& U$ n" N4 ~
10. Newspapers and journals( r! i0 e# k* z3 _/ F; e4 B
11. Records, radio, and television
( b9 F) ?! c( f 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 J9 K1 c1 j0 X! b$ k1 p
' I; r& q" r! E L0 VGroup Representations
5 G5 H# [! }2 l. b- Q 13. Deputations! b; ]! d. y3 i
14. Mock awards
; B0 ~+ N$ M6 y* j 15. Group lobbying
4 t N8 T( ~9 k 16. Picketing' o6 ]/ a3 u' b& `
17. Mock elections
9 y6 O1 f& }: W( t- Z0 \9 G* ?) N/ P7 `& S8 c) v7 a5 e0 @
Symbolic Public Acts
# `& i* }8 @7 g5 r/ P 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; Y2 K5 q- v2 @, H. Q$ W 19. Wearing of symbols
1 M ~1 b$ c r' { 20. Prayer and worship+ A# V1 p6 l H3 H; {
21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 u% Q" r4 O, } 22. Protest disrobings
8 W- ~- B7 I" C! E, J 23. Destruction of own property
& n d7 _8 I9 @) C 24. Symbolic lights
) q. C% A4 G* {8 Q1 } 25. Displays of portraits+ N/ R* w7 j% m* r% U/ E
26. Paint as protest. B- R) }2 @4 U) m5 n
27. New signs and names
8 A1 F6 V, z+ A! E% Z K8 V; R 28. Symbolic sounds1 L$ Q) K- _$ |. D6 e. C# Z6 Y0 C
29. Symbolic reclamations
8 c7 r' [6 Y+ f% J, D2 q 30. Rude gestures7 y% D% e4 {# E
* z: B" ? v9 z( w# L' H
Pressures on Individuals4 d$ Y1 y" {, y6 B
31. “Haunting” officials! D ^2 \8 L* P% h' v
32. Taunting officials. f6 C9 @* V- n# c
33. Fraternization' y6 S U& ~) c" c4 j' T! ~
34. Vigils9 R! V* h1 o. v% h" n `
) }' Y: y9 x5 E+ [Drama and Music$ Q% e! W8 U, \( t8 e5 p
35. Humorous skits and pranks* N9 E; V3 i4 t' d. ~6 r* g: K" y
36. Performances of plays and music
4 [* o3 m4 b5 V3 G. c9 A0 ? 37. Singing/ M( T; z" d7 ~2 E' c& R5 V/ V
3 S3 ~8 E& A% \
Processions
- f i! L9 `1 l% p" ~ 38. Marches Q" M$ n; c' m, Y
39. Parades1 a( c# C. D( _
40. Religious processions$ _ ?9 R4 H+ H& U
41. Pilgrimages
' g7 t3 O+ m" K$ C 42. Motorcades4 m% A3 {, @& \
3 N& r( x9 o( u6 J& o
Honoring the Dead
: X$ w" f) p+ v6 I 43. Political mourning
f3 Y$ l% F X* @4 [+ p 44. Mock funerals
- W% u8 w+ B: ^! Y! z' S 45. Demonstrative funerals. P! e! D: R4 a" L
46. Homage at burial places' b. C& h a5 r
; X1 J2 Z. e7 t$ `+ [ x% pPublic Assemblies& y A: C& t8 G' w9 V N) W' X7 ~
47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ }; D! p- B. { 48. Protest meetings9 p! _7 z) T/ j5 D) j8 b) h
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest: w( R5 V I6 J4 P
50. Teach-ins
; ?) X9 Y+ e' r; ?3 ~8 c
5 |# u" e) _% o: P6 vWithdrawal and Renunciation
/ i6 U/ O2 j x* { q: r 51. Walk-outs
& [4 V9 y& J6 b3 N 52. Silence
1 P1 R# k D7 k; I/ ^ 53. Renouncing honors
. r! K- v- f$ G; u) r 54. Turning one’s back
1 h7 n( F8 D8 G7 G2 G- Y5 q' H: ?7 }# H+ ]9 U) _
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$ {* G1 ~* T: W) B! H+ G$ ] e5 W3 J
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* A! ~ ^3 [" b. ?; v. G: G" e/ C6 P: L1 q/ \) U' E
& @- d, `1 s' k I# H0 M8 d. h8 j+ A' _9 V, b$ ^7 w
Ostracism of Persons
1 e- Y" q& v C |. ?& G' } 55. Social boycott4 L0 G+ W0 ]2 b0 S9 L8 g1 c7 W9 L
56. Selective social boycott
O& \" }( B7 D5 K 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ N. g7 T1 t2 c$ ~ 58. Excommunication) f# M$ J% v5 A
59. Interdict& k" Q0 r5 ^- F G
6 }& {8 ?! \& M! R% c: [) VNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ z% d" ?; H: D
60. Suspension of social and sports activities: S8 s" B% G/ o0 t) ]
61. Boycott of social affairs
5 Q( `, y# Z m" y8 A4 Q5 ], o 62. Student strike
$ B) D1 i# q* R) S4 z 63. Social disobedience
! S3 j% E: C$ R: v* N6 {$ _ @ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* I/ _3 K* E: L" N& k0 Q) i2 {* T
2 f. K4 I5 ]- ]5 j; T( y2 n' QWithdrawal from the Social System
8 G- K7 p; o- r+ s% f+ L 65. Stay-at-home
. r' O( p) U* r0 p3 y) k 66. Total personal noncooperation
0 x4 F1 R: ~, _ 67. “Flight” of workers, H' [, H$ ]+ |) m. D
68. Sanctuary
) c( j' W( a& B( n* g( F- X2 m 69. Collective disappearance
$ y& U. } i; Q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
5 ]* ]; C* Z$ q7 n% a# j
2 S! w5 O' L V" y8 t6 k/ \8 f * x- o( d3 S( [- B. O, G5 ?( E
0 q6 J! V: f) Y" K x4 x6 _+ LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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' u0 _; @8 l) u7 |( P6 n+ LActions by Consumers
; b" H/ W3 H5 q. l6 R 71. Consumers’ boycott
: k4 i% n& ^: W" J 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ W4 X6 g! S! J$ V 73. Policy of austerity
{! u M3 d3 D7 r 74. Rent withholding8 Q5 ]3 H& I+ W* h( r$ Y2 W. u
75. Refusal to rent
5 ?8 j# K9 c1 a) K4 ` 76. National consumers’ boycott2 ]6 S7 Y9 s6 |, s
77. International consumers’ boycott
7 U" f* t) F) g7 S! \6 [4 N/ C" S0 |9 _" U; g. X2 H
Action by Workers and Producers0 Z! T4 y$ c' F, J9 h9 y
78. Workmen’s boycott0 b2 O |1 _, ^2 Z4 h
79. Producers’ boycott
* p7 y, A1 y- l J
7 e# t6 x4 u) F, B5 |% `Action by Middlemen' C* D2 |: e$ n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 h9 [& e7 k$ y
3 M8 V- ^+ m* t. X8 V
Action by Owners and Management
: I, q: t: l6 m 81. Traders’ boycott5 i/ ]1 U" z- x8 \% s
82. Refusal to let or sell property, W) z4 o$ F8 E: d! v
83. Lockout
- q. l* }% j# ^0 c, c, H 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 P( U+ u: Y- n5 g3 C 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; H4 C0 s5 \- [$ [% @* A
; V0 f: d+ J+ [) }# _' n( g6 gAction by Holders of Financial Resources
% v; H1 Z& w! j 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& L; P$ F0 D. z/ i 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 Q! U. f7 [7 A2 |$ ~ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: O1 q: b- v' H 89. Severance of funds and credit+ C/ @' X3 {: w2 L
90. Revenue refusal+ ?+ w; P; _- p9 e- E. E1 U
91. Refusal of a government’s money
; @( G$ [0 F0 C I; N8 t1 S& v9 X. l/ K+ M T; q
Action by Governments
_4 U- B [. L 92. Domestic embargo' y! c; _- X9 |/ E. Y
93. Blacklisting of traders$ b2 _3 a: f1 ` E. P$ {* }
94. International sellers’ embargo
; h3 O- z9 H+ J+ O; v 95. International buyers’ embargo/ G+ y/ J/ `- H. ]/ p
96. International trade embargo& `4 I6 Z& S, }: q8 ^0 J
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; @' {9 p& B: QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ X$ a0 ^- M7 f% v
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7 X8 W' M8 Y3 q2 |- c E. z$ c2 B, `( wSymbolic Strikes
* t& O; D J. L. `1 ^- s; i 97. Protest strike
( Z0 {: S7 m# y" C1 S 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): Z% O) @( u! M. M+ o# d. d
1 W) y8 G2 ~' ^9 I% I6 x, |
Agricultural Strikes: S6 B5 Y4 I, j
99. Peasant strike/ V$ f9 l" e( u
100. Farm Workers’ strike
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s! z( l2 ^/ DStrikes by Special Groups. O; f) }1 F, A1 s+ C+ B! ?+ e
101. Refusal of impressed labor0 t/ P, Z* J+ L( R7 N8 Y2 M
102. Prisoners’ strike
( S0 l0 m+ t$ H; I9 t 103. Craft strike. t" {5 u) Q! J& ]% w# Z: M' o5 E
104. Professional strike3 i# D- W" p9 J# K
, ]5 |) {; g1 ?$ x' q& t8 WOrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 g/ |6 ]( Q$ U 105. Establishment strike2 E, L3 f1 N4 G: `! z1 d/ x, _! [* C/ n
106. Industry strike
: X% K- N$ ^" h$ b, K8 P$ F 107. Sympathetic strike
1 Y" o0 ]6 _% Y
4 b, p( r4 _2 O! [$ P7 VRestricted Strikes: M, ]# I0 r7 O7 y- |
108. Detailed strike
8 R+ [+ ]* F+ }, q6 c 109. Bumper strike& ^/ H1 [! t) Q/ ~ l
110. Slowdown strike
4 c# Z( ?4 U8 i; }, M 111. Working-to-rule strike
# O+ @: ~+ s6 G. H 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 f: U2 D7 t$ E( v
113. Strike by resignation% q2 h& |" z# }% g
114. Limited strike
8 G w" k0 p4 \8 c, H 115. Selective strike
# m% q. J( l6 p6 P5 R3 m1 A! `( [5 q+ c. a0 s, K. m" U
Multi-Industry Strikes1 ~. [- C% f4 h4 @( o* r; D3 p! S
3 k0 V% L$ N! q3 k% H 116. Generalized strike# m9 l. J' ^+ N- Y
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117. General strike, I) R- _9 R/ L0 O5 `4 ]1 L
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 O5 v+ F. ^$ o% o7 J% y* [
* X! V( }4 h @. g
118. Hartal/ U- G: X+ s0 A% a) O/ d
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119. Economic shutdown: s4 G0 I3 f8 G4 F4 R$ A' C
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
. \3 d, ]5 w- p# z0 T5 x2 t' `0 p0 R% _' w( _* _ U# o
: o0 [& t( `1 sRejection of Authority$ x8 o) F8 G, \: u
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance x+ Q- ^2 q C! P( F
121. Refusal of public support
* I5 F( H1 h0 L" F% i: A8 b8 x 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" {9 p E6 Q' K. h& g
8 Q0 g9 _( W% Z6 M! X/ T# m' A$ x
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ l! w# m- G- M; m2 h, Z
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ {) T6 C1 o/ n, E+ [% \ 124. Boycott of elections
; `; H+ w" P. B4 n6 ^ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 W7 i' u+ k, ?$ j" |. E
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 H# }5 }, o% C1 w 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 z5 {" z0 Z0 w9 o' d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ f$ n& N5 J' S1 N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 ^! [* n" S0 f3 t/ j3 O# _
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& l8 D+ v, E7 r! U6 O& u
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ l |( D0 c6 ~ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) v0 d+ Q4 [3 H5 i
1 b6 O( r5 Y5 T9 d D4 _) N/ X
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 |# f+ j+ _9 k8 s& f5 T
133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 e5 }- J5 h8 Y4 Q% d$ {
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 q3 q0 D( k# }) S3 Y) q( @
135. Popular nonobedience7 G8 V: X7 N# Z2 T1 ~
136. Disguised disobedience
) Q6 J! |3 A) N' e8 U3 t" t3 ~ k6 I! U# b 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( d6 ~ R$ R4 ]# x) f) i
138. Sitdown
7 v! D( Z8 S8 H3 B8 U2 T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" R& s8 j+ A/ F8 J 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 _2 ^3 g Q, S7 G
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 u4 R8 d* z/ l( X: }7 t/ C
+ k6 g7 _% F! @& cAction by Government Personnel
8 f( [9 ~9 c* I8 F5 o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 a8 ?1 X4 u3 D, e1 Q% e% V 143. Blocking of lines of command and information! c. n/ s6 G" f& w+ E$ z0 g8 I0 D1 ^
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 M9 G. \6 a d6 P2 \0 s# P 145. General administrative noncooperation
( a& v' U4 C+ U8 K1 ?# O8 F- W" D q* B# a
146. Judicial noncooperation; O9 ]4 p+ q7 F4 F; x1 E' Y9 {8 {
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 I" X" @2 B4 ]" I' N+ L# K1 E" z
148. Mutiny/ r. B! y# G5 ~+ @
Domestic Governmental Action
0 w% B k! J% y9 i1 c8 v 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( J4 G7 z: T- w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) p3 o5 d1 x3 ~1 J
7 u! j' |' B ]International Governmental Action1 S6 T N; u6 Q2 K8 M& l p+ [" N
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; I) ?7 ^& K9 q x9 z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events Y' Q- ?5 P. h" }5 }9 ]! ]
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
\& e! \6 m# t% T- k 154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ _* ~; F* F. v, q3 s* Z) e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# S4 X# l& J& Q2 j5 v- J# d( c! ~ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 J' Q+ S8 [: i- g' S 157. Expulsion from international organizations, B" `- x* p9 u
0 w# C( o% S2 M) z8 A% I $ c) R z4 m) ?1 L5 Z/ \' I, [
8 ^. c; B. v8 H6 gTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention4 ?3 n; @2 i1 N
158. Self-exposure to the elements; _* h2 q0 W+ K9 O5 k4 q' U
159. The fast, H- T5 g0 G& F# s% u7 g3 G
a) Fast of moral pressure
: Q0 i6 x3 G9 u* }9 [3 M! w b) Hunger strike
, Z9 }9 I( @/ `) {# d: R/ s7 q b' l c) Satyagrahic fast
9 p9 C" \: _, p2 G) R" t$ S 160. Reverse trial* \2 V" F" j# S. }) {( s7 Y
161. Nonviolent harassment
. ~$ b; p. k* G5 u1 u; W( c! P4 `
/ R$ z. w2 y) hPhysical Intervention. m# J+ }; R5 ?* R5 O" @
162. Sit-in
1 M$ U, C1 R0 R: ~/ y 163. Stand-in: a# Z9 ]/ c8 X1 [: _6 v
164. Ride-in
4 b/ @% g5 r5 n 165. Wade-in
- H4 Q) v# y# X/ y# F1 O% y 166. Mill-in
7 t; R: R! M# S/ m j: I 167. Pray-in
8 n" c9 Z& [" H* B N 168. Nonviolent raids$ ~1 r8 X! S* L6 C: o
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 Z+ u! F/ J/ q0 [; C0 U 170. Nonviolent invasion8 Z7 p) o P& m: c7 V/ N
171. Nonviolent interjection$ \+ S K9 b; ^- H3 X6 K) a
172. Nonviolent obstruction# r) J/ W h* z2 j5 R
173. Nonviolent occupation
& j, B- Z! @ }, u; A8 @
2 l1 q C8 I V, j+ KSocial Intervention% z* ]% {7 ^& I- E3 u; b" U
174. Establishing new social patterns
1 m, t/ ?! f- y J( [ 175. Overloading of facilities
# v2 m* z( w% U5 X) i: R3 d1 L 176. Stall-in4 O# J5 S3 o- ?. m+ {
177. Speak-in- i( B% R8 Z+ r2 j& ^2 B6 Y& {
178. Guerrilla theater
/ E: ]) N; N2 v; a' Q& e I0 N9 d 179. Alternative social institutions, c+ v) Y( t% H/ D2 O0 U
180. Alternative communication system! ~# w2 k, W' `8 q" d) P+ `
k% L1 S; b& m! ^% N0 r
Economic Intervention3 h* u' S$ x7 s* O6 k7 q. n& |6 |
181. Reverse strike
* s; _0 T' a& c2 T% [2 _ 182. Stay-in strike4 F% T, y' z$ i l; g" j
183. Nonviolent land seizure5 C# k* i) |5 j2 _) ]- Z# J
184. Defiance of blockades& g. m% Q9 {( J2 e5 P) R
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 ~* {$ e6 r3 B7 a6 ~ 186. Preclusive purchasing
( ?, G. ~" v1 K( s 187. Seizure of assets8 a9 \; Z: W9 G/ D5 e
188. Dumping
8 z1 H0 ^& u, F6 x' H; B+ c 189. Selective patronage
5 E( ]" ~" N, @ z( F8 L 190. Alternative markets
5 H: V; k( O, k 191. Alternative transportation systems
6 }# g8 w& P% |1 T _/ ? 192. Alternative economic institutions9 Q7 a$ Q) s2 z+ X' x* q
4 p/ f: {: v5 W# | }( s& p
Political Intervention
/ B3 @0 e/ }0 Y+ `) W8 U 193. Overloading of administrative systems) q. o! w! y* f" j* O( O" ]; E
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; L/ b( k8 z: z$ t9 x" K6 J 195. Seeking imprisonment) h; _- |. `- r+ d/ H+ v/ i" w
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 q: N7 y0 v ?; L8 R* t 197. Work-on without collaboration1 z. ]7 G$ R! C0 s" s3 {, M3 v2 C
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
