 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) ~" ? Y" `" _) ] }9 uFormal Statements7 u5 `4 |+ R6 |+ i/ P7 R- W: g7 {. _
1. Public Speeches; g, ?, k' T# M& Z: b u. Y9 P# N6 x
2. Letters of opposition or support- c2 S+ Y: @8 c- Z# b
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 g9 d0 s, I7 z- ?# }" r/ p
4. Signed public statements
0 |, K( n3 U0 r5 Y: _( p 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, E+ ?4 S ]! c( z6 v 6. Group or mass petitions% l! E8 C0 M- N4 k7 V- w+ L: v6 M
) G, V1 j7 q4 F9 S& C# F5 ?9 ]Communications with a Wider Audience# x: N+ h9 O8 K- |
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) H* m9 Y; Z( u 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 T9 \: y9 B( w/ F. [: z6 e6 W3 z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; W9 o/ a/ G' M* n/ P+ m 10. Newspapers and journals+ s( p7 V- t5 q' J& Y
11. Records, radio, and television
, Q! y7 M* g/ v0 U. [1 {# p! h 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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5 P: Z+ Y4 |3 ^6 N& nGroup Representations
4 ]3 J" ?( M( _7 H" O 13. Deputations
& z+ n! o- R) K* f9 Z 14. Mock awards
' c+ a) k. P3 K 15. Group lobbying
2 `" M2 X7 t( l' G 16. Picketing
1 a6 i$ `! l% `% J9 H3 ? 17. Mock elections) |& e% C! p4 Z! [) F3 R1 z( `# F
, H- Z# g0 ?+ ] G3 hSymbolic Public Acts- i: I( }% ~$ f* p" Q1 _- z+ y! ^& D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 u# R1 k& A; D4 `- m" U
19. Wearing of symbols
' n7 W; r1 i5 M9 @ 20. Prayer and worship5 p5 G2 [6 Z* |' L' r! `" x9 T3 ?: g, e
21. Delivering symbolic objects
( a" {# k/ B0 W 22. Protest disrobings
1 T9 n- n( B( k8 _$ S 23. Destruction of own property2 B3 x+ v; ~& Z
24. Symbolic lights9 Z% A! `' G' Y% S
25. Displays of portraits$ v; y9 g, U% W4 _! A7 c+ m: k
26. Paint as protest
% X+ Q, [; T* E4 Y9 q! l( T# Z 27. New signs and names
0 W- g F" B8 c6 _ 28. Symbolic sounds; w1 g ]* H* j
29. Symbolic reclamations$ `' A, |# b" M
30. Rude gestures
9 x& u7 }/ I/ R7 q; i9 B8 v% Y& T- r' a
Pressures on Individuals
. Q$ e' j) h2 T# |( Q( I2 x 31. “Haunting” officials
+ @, K# i- q9 F9 n# y0 | R9 ^ 32. Taunting officials
# z* h: H' Q- S7 M7 q4 Z0 a/ c 33. Fraternization0 N* k/ ]4 |- k$ @7 g0 |+ P
34. Vigils; i2 x' S L! C/ I/ F d
$ k8 u% @# f0 d' e
Drama and Music/ J0 R2 K0 S, a" \% S; l0 L
35. Humorous skits and pranks) i+ c2 h6 R3 s* m# M' S
36. Performances of plays and music
0 T, \2 j" [5 Q/ @6 O" E6 K- U# y 37. Singing
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Processions! g! Y. Y! j# d9 i
38. Marches. l0 k: w3 y7 B& R. H0 f
39. Parades
. J" F8 ^, _. i7 R4 t0 p 40. Religious processions8 ^6 ^+ y) T( f3 B+ u$ x0 T
41. Pilgrimages, Y6 I: C1 S% j% H" e
42. Motorcades( H1 P, d/ Y" @- G: g
9 c, \9 h1 g+ \" R& z, V0 w% }
Honoring the Dead
( Z( b2 N- e3 D9 K9 ]0 ] 43. Political mourning4 Z2 L/ j1 A0 ^3 h+ t8 B: w3 i" t2 J
44. Mock funerals
' `9 \' q$ c3 E 45. Demonstrative funerals4 B! c Y( n a- s) `! W
46. Homage at burial places
5 E+ i4 F& r- E9 e
1 A V r1 @- Z8 n- H8 UPublic Assemblies
# X7 G& V: Q& i9 T, g, G( V( k 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 m, \" G2 a0 p r 48. Protest meetings
/ J5 |- S2 I% p* S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) r: {4 y& `; H# o: s8 E* x7 _ 50. Teach-ins9 ~$ k& U% X1 b. n6 U0 N r6 C
3 S9 h# L1 V* d3 m; n, }Withdrawal and Renunciation
# {7 j V: Q* R$ j' d 51. Walk-outs
& {/ Q/ B5 A* H+ [. m5 e$ ] 52. Silence
2 r' M6 l, v) h8 K0 [/ x 53. Renouncing honors
* L. x0 t* G, P3 }- K# q* N* e d2 v 54. Turning one’s back
3 f5 t- N4 |3 e$ p4 a$ X* k
. ~- f) X4 ]3 {+ E& }# r- O3 g) s$ M " m# p" ~; f8 @; h# d& b
# k l, @. X- [8 h+ g% {
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 Z2 z7 k! W# {( p9 AOstracism of Persons0 I1 ~: @$ i! \/ n
55. Social boycott
; v( S5 F; V% H5 o9 {+ U 56. Selective social boycott$ j. m" \: ~. s
57. Lysistratic nonaction8 i9 @' t, B0 ~) d( ^) f% b
58. Excommunication' g' V' |1 w2 G; F( ?
59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
B# K+ p. f; N- ^0 A* k' X, w; x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities: z, ~( B+ v% B% R6 q
61. Boycott of social affairs
( j! H7 X+ L) C l' t+ ^$ Y 62. Student strike
% V. v* H+ a- X 63. Social disobedience
$ v. X- t( ?3 C$ B- i1 k 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 i# F, n& w% Y# @- I0 }8 s) B' B
$ d/ o! g0 O0 F! r
Withdrawal from the Social System
# K8 O G h, [$ }+ l 65. Stay-at-home. u1 K) v' {. [& |5 ^
66. Total personal noncooperation
" t; l+ `2 A5 y# y0 { 67. “Flight” of workers F5 n% u! N1 v+ j- U* U5 [
68. Sanctuary
* Z' G6 a5 ~& |( y 69. Collective disappearance+ U; T$ k( {4 O2 F: V! l* w9 R) O3 P o
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)( `9 t/ N& y5 F, A6 z$ O% [8 k
# [$ Z7 {# ~) w3 g+ f8 F( K ^0 [5 c $ v W* l, R1 B% H( e1 j# R( l
( ]. }5 A; I4 M$ |! ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! W4 {4 u) ^) D" A$ w2 Y1 |
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5 R' B$ l( S I3 F+ Y5 mActions by Consumers( w% H: `! n2 m" A; T; o- R
71. Consumers’ boycott
, V+ A5 p) J k 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( w2 e7 t& N9 O) X$ k" K) \, L 73. Policy of austerity
4 _8 j& p6 t' B3 P; h _, I 74. Rent withholding
4 q' [; J& ]: E3 h# a" t 75. Refusal to rent
0 M, d/ V5 N4 Y# D 76. National consumers’ boycott/ | n- m, o1 S+ u
77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers
W1 M* u. N4 M% R" r 78. Workmen’s boycott$ v. n/ g& q$ ^! ?( u( ~+ I3 y& h
79. Producers’ boycott6 X+ O6 f& t3 o& F! D
# ?; S- n, `: c, b. } VAction by Middlemen* f }+ \+ _; l9 [; j* d
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% X2 N* K( |' C/ f- d5 ^: T
+ ]& B4 G. b; Z" r% ]Action by Owners and Management& B9 P6 z/ {* G! k. b
81. Traders’ boycott* I1 B# _& n* _, B5 B& V. k6 A
82. Refusal to let or sell property
- j8 {; N' L& S# b8 C4 y( \" ` 83. Lockout
+ u1 u1 w* D# [' ]1 e" h. S 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 u* j% {; u5 a3 t9 T: y; z4 j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
* R1 b- q T% H. u+ u" {9 u0 N' M: V: ]) H8 ?: { A
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( x- T- }8 F( |) ?% x! o4 y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ m c+ A3 q( @) J; C0 F; S6 ]: \ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 P+ S/ R% T% t2 C' m& g0 Z: ? 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! B: Q9 X1 X& W3 K7 i% [7 r! f" Z- ?
89. Severance of funds and credit
5 z( V/ v. v) R, h* t) Q 90. Revenue refusal
2 M! ?& f5 \, C p 91. Refusal of a government’s money
: Y$ g( g. T( h0 W+ w9 n7 y
0 N* u: V" U; L+ Z6 I' J- NAction by Governments
8 K& f5 [2 M. d7 z, n T5 N# u 92. Domestic embargo
K* d* X+ j. g2 W) p 93. Blacklisting of traders
" m3 A$ t( K2 P9 g6 o) G2 b( ]# p 94. International sellers’ embargo
3 j4 K- I* Q% M1 _& q1 m* Z- P 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ a) O$ ?- f& M* C 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 K. p' H$ M3 ~& }
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Symbolic Strikes% \5 {( e! _& `( a, k! c
97. Protest strike. W# F6 m; {/ u& A& M
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% I. I1 }% f- j
; B& l5 e. ^! _" o% BAgricultural Strikes. q4 _* `6 O) d3 S0 K8 m+ T/ n4 c
99. Peasant strike
2 @' @9 A$ K+ \) T" c6 M 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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Strikes by Special Groups/ s F; I9 N% S& {
101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 M" C4 P4 |% l1 `0 w1 `% R) z 102. Prisoners’ strike3 c/ u9 O6 c; ?. _+ ?
103. Craft strike, D% {3 P) E- A8 A7 I
104. Professional strike) Y, h: U0 o4 `% u
- u+ a" C* v3 M, v1 D, JOrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ v7 U3 V# b4 z' M+ g- E" y# d 105. Establishment strike
5 Y$ O1 h6 r/ z- w 106. Industry strike" d1 a$ g) |7 S
107. Sympathetic strike
$ [, _' ]. G' ?' b" F9 a% y
2 P7 ?) v, O. K4 D% _/ [Restricted Strikes
, [* w4 a/ @* C" a/ ~ 108. Detailed strike: d4 \9 p' ?/ g `! j& H# V0 H
109. Bumper strike9 [6 _! p% z6 e" ?3 B' ^
110. Slowdown strike/ l$ c4 l8 \$ N% L
111. Working-to-rule strike
8 u% w% w5 x" g) m1 m& ~: O+ e0 ? 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 `: z# I9 d. Q, N+ T! q4 f' |/ g4 P
113. Strike by resignation
' V: c U) ?9 P* e7 w4 }5 R 114. Limited strike
3 H1 w/ g- h' M. l' e- f 115. Selective strike8 m2 T7 k9 }6 ?
8 Y4 W. \& ^$ i ^2 Z3 F4 OMulti-Industry Strikes
6 c. {5 K+ E9 E/ W. \! k: S, m
/ P9 Y, V* [2 F 116. Generalized strike
' \: F- V4 s# K' W; y5 b1 o" D: o$ B$ c7 w7 h( \
117. General strike. P* U: e1 ~# S+ d/ m
+ J8 x; j! z) H) ICombination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 D- ^5 C( k. H8 l1 x& s3 l. x
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown: r+ b& w, g. C) I( P N; g2 |
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5 e7 l' W7 B1 }" sTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
4 \5 X( V$ P) t3 D 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' i T6 I5 n! R" w, `" a4 R2 k 121. Refusal of public support7 E& h! c/ @0 a1 X& `0 l1 D7 U$ k
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance v4 y% k5 ^1 [, d4 r9 r
) h+ I' @% U, z' F8 uCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government( E4 e0 S! i1 O6 N! w- L7 U, A6 X
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) s) q" @$ X6 \5 E/ @3 l$ k/ a 124. Boycott of elections$ V) W# S7 }+ o' M F p" y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# e- K8 L: g2 I+ ] _# R7 w 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ \9 ]) Y6 _: n" ~2 X( E9 @1 c 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" X6 Y: m, C* d9 K) \ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, z5 B# w, p/ [( Y; J 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( Q2 m- G6 d8 [& O0 I6 d: Y |
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) [) B. d1 {* l q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 | w% M6 Z2 Y8 S( U 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, P9 ]5 F5 m0 s4 g+ p6 s3 Y- }) h5 K1 E7 A" R! c, k2 c; \
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ J% P$ M0 X- D 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; L/ i7 G: |0 t2 b/ M* W 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 x0 v) Q9 `! ?6 ^ 135. Popular nonobedience
6 e5 ~. n% X6 f 136. Disguised disobedience! d' o8 s" ~' n$ S9 P- k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
3 n! \4 p3 u5 p" V 138. Sitdown
7 }: @# q! V' T7 h$ I% L 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 P& N: }! y, g! H% l4 E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: V0 s4 H; ~2 J, m+ A4 |0 v 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 r# M: k+ |" [4 L! a) W: s. ^% U8 E7 q) a) n, |2 C7 R
Action by Government Personnel% O+ B4 }7 V J a' _- o3 w1 `
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 g* B) J; E" [' G8 Z' R( _0 A 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& J* e) D$ Y; d5 h8 K 144. Stalling and obstruction
Q- p# x1 \5 ?- M/ R. i' c 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 ?4 \5 L I: P( \. k
7 @- H& P6 P( L* E& q; n0 K8 K 146. Judicial noncooperation) l4 R: Q8 U# B3 ?
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ ^ M+ l/ s! w! w$ K/ J
148. Mutiny
5 ~" C# s) q& E9 T+ z/ f: W& FDomestic Governmental Action
5 ]4 X. g8 Q6 \1 G 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; r7 J8 f% ~( o7 k; b; l
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! V/ j+ r( f8 G0 m l; x e
7 F9 @- y# h, P" k( Z/ @
International Governmental Action1 T! \ \1 x" ]+ t# \) ~0 I
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 \$ Y$ u. j X& ?
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& ^6 @/ \1 i1 S+ _
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition q* o" ?% v9 o
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 k/ b6 B: W+ e* j1 r 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 O* E9 @2 k% F8 N' ]3 W
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# r2 D. L; k% V
157. Expulsion from international organizations( N2 G5 [3 y+ T8 P( }5 d( B
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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. _( [3 S O1 _8 R# C3 ~8 V: @Psychological Intervention2 N+ o" y' m& K
158. Self-exposure to the elements
# F' y6 a' @8 O6 U; i1 P 159. The fast9 g) c+ E% O% w/ q7 f; Y
a) Fast of moral pressure
' P/ `& ], f8 e) r& D3 T b) Hunger strike
* C, B1 Z; r7 J- L# E1 ~- A+ X c) Satyagrahic fast( D. r: V" ]5 B) Y' ~2 H
160. Reverse trial$ G- M1 E1 F1 U4 }8 a9 D/ A- w
161. Nonviolent harassment$ d9 q0 ]% I: F, p3 ]6 k
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Physical Intervention7 L j0 U+ d7 n6 ]) [& M1 C
162. Sit-in
2 k8 {8 _7 k0 _4 m" Q6 t- A! q 163. Stand-in( F$ ?& I! j! }# n* y/ p
164. Ride-in
; V4 C3 z) s! ?4 T2 Z; H 165. Wade-in
9 t1 {2 s9 y8 K 166. Mill-in
" @8 x! n6 h9 I6 d4 f 167. Pray-in/ R8 O3 K J% n9 Q+ x
168. Nonviolent raids
% `( J5 `8 d/ m/ p2 G 169. Nonviolent air raids
$ l w! p+ i4 m* ]9 r4 u 170. Nonviolent invasion
, x% A% m: P0 l0 Y7 Q K4 ]- f 171. Nonviolent interjection$ h* g! F+ L& x R/ G
172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 \) n2 M4 N& G2 _ 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
8 m2 {3 Q+ p7 f: P 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 a4 a5 o; k5 z" y 175. Overloading of facilities
l2 F* h2 X- }' m# V5 S 176. Stall-in
) m$ e3 X/ u. V* ~ 177. Speak-in
b* D- d4 B- K, N/ q ^' ] 178. Guerrilla theater# y& W& m9 N' \" f, C
179. Alternative social institutions
, G: o' ?; x3 ?! P/ M$ l- i 180. Alternative communication system
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0 G$ G! E! u) pEconomic Intervention. c; l" [, Q: k
181. Reverse strike+ w) K" W0 a6 v' {; s/ U7 S) N
182. Stay-in strike
# E# X) f$ T# J! V% b: X 183. Nonviolent land seizure
, i4 j9 N+ H1 R' r6 G n% j 184. Defiance of blockades2 V5 o( E7 ~; b2 P7 w/ v
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# Z& M2 q7 L4 S' \/ \
186. Preclusive purchasing. r* x, I+ o. h; H) f2 R
187. Seizure of assets5 l* X* p& N" T( \& |8 ]
188. Dumping
4 L3 s' }6 M3 y/ E6 w 189. Selective patronage
4 x' Z M1 X8 `4 l 190. Alternative markets0 ^! l7 w, s. n, I9 o' {4 g
191. Alternative transportation systems0 f8 S$ X1 y5 ~/ W
192. Alternative economic institutions
8 ~* n8 F/ ]9 ?, Z+ Z4 q1 i8 K# `. B; U# ?" C
Political Intervention, I6 f \& _7 k% M& q& w4 R
193. Overloading of administrative systems) |6 B+ W1 C4 z( U9 f( W9 j$ p
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- K$ K; Q+ a; i/ h/ }6 p
195. Seeking imprisonment
1 e# b9 a W+ U1 H' s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 q! }" S# f& x4 W+ `, n9 U 197. Work-on without collaboration
; p# E; u" @ X% Y) U 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
