 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 b* @1 v. w! P/ N
Formal Statements
, \( u; V5 @2 [, d c/ o: _8 r 1. Public Speeches! j e/ `) u8 \6 g
2. Letters of opposition or support5 N* f L6 N! D: e3 s: e. x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% R# ~: g& d5 ?. |
4. Signed public statements
' \3 }: s, T- F+ S0 P* v8 g% Z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention, S- ]: p& _, m2 s$ }( E
6. Group or mass petitions
; E) y5 w, q: s# d" l2 m, _6 L1 |7 L- I b
Communications with a Wider Audience; e/ Q" k. ^& L. M7 c+ B0 S
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! Z( g* o+ d1 s$ a( g2 }$ Y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, {, I! M( ^) X# M1 D8 p# a m- | 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 o! x" M2 Q3 v2 D- h
10. Newspapers and journals8 c6 U: n1 @$ ]4 @ h4 N1 Z
11. Records, radio, and television
1 H/ S9 K$ y5 S 12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ b* r! }1 {' o/ P$ Z+ b+ f3 J* n0 G
! k h: X$ v! ^- x$ k! |Group Representations+ q9 d/ A# H9 z: d, N+ z: N$ F
13. Deputations: ~8 A5 x0 } [8 u
14. Mock awards
9 O0 R! g$ Q5 n5 ^7 {, s" ?/ Q 15. Group lobbying
( p1 i; w+ C- S 16. Picketing
1 m/ @0 ?! n; _+ o: } 17. Mock elections
( }& F8 d- D1 @: l( v
, q2 l" T. K- z, T# ESymbolic Public Acts
, l% [6 y& ^$ c3 ~! S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; v- t) o9 l% ^ 19. Wearing of symbols
- p. Z& Q5 c3 a7 Y 20. Prayer and worship2 z. a, i v1 w& \# Y3 V
21. Delivering symbolic objects( \% f) V4 ~8 F3 |
22. Protest disrobings
0 j% e" @- P% E0 ?' {' l 23. Destruction of own property
+ \+ f& b3 w6 n( r: e7 v! w 24. Symbolic lights
) [& A5 m# j. X/ U4 o 25. Displays of portraits8 E" v9 k- l6 N6 `. B
26. Paint as protest \( l2 ^8 P" i" P- T% }+ U: G
27. New signs and names
' Q: [9 c2 ]5 }/ R: ] 28. Symbolic sounds
/ p% ~( U8 @& P7 s9 M; w4 D 29. Symbolic reclamations! r8 ?' P" V% {( f. B" z
30. Rude gestures6 V+ @" @% y J n( v
9 m0 e2 U) t( z: s) c
Pressures on Individuals
% g. b$ \2 u) e' s) ]: D/ E& N/ X 31. “Haunting” officials
" z9 G% U8 T5 r% e( J% z 32. Taunting officials% A& k9 O0 v! o: O+ O# {4 F
33. Fraternization
; g/ V* T% n/ o V 34. Vigils$ b, P0 }9 E: L3 U
$ k; ?5 c. L/ ]3 [* [Drama and Music! T' k" Q7 S \6 y1 N5 F0 K1 H; r
35. Humorous skits and pranks
" B) x B' b& E: ? 36. Performances of plays and music
* F# U3 d" t1 }( Y7 p 37. Singing
6 ~/ Q+ D8 S9 ?8 }0 y4 r2 k7 o
7 N" u j9 D. J4 X1 qProcessions
3 o! W! ~" C. M: G9 a 38. Marches
+ x- m4 i. K) l3 J 39. Parades
3 o7 N* q x5 r2 b. e0 b 40. Religious processions
' A! Z. ^ D/ i* M# O2 @ 41. Pilgrimages( z: v' S+ h0 h! A. u/ _9 H. h3 M
42. Motorcades
8 a S% j$ V Z4 B6 b
* b4 s3 j q! P# i. f AHonoring the Dead1 U) X3 k5 v' Q3 p* b* ^
43. Political mourning
3 [$ [! ]% _0 A5 K* j: S$ m6 L/ F6 r 44. Mock funerals
$ |% U2 F: k6 Y' l. l' e8 l6 F5 M' v 45. Demonstrative funerals
& E; J* T, K9 u: R; s, v) J 46. Homage at burial places* G, q7 \$ g8 n
+ }# D0 Y! Z7 n+ J5 ^) o
Public Assemblies
; M0 T/ u6 s+ w5 W1 g( P' L 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ ^, s" D& Q! _- m" b
48. Protest meetings1 _2 a6 N1 m9 q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 q) g, E- s: Y- c# L/ b9 c a
50. Teach-ins& S2 `) ?4 y. |) ^
9 K) E, N, ^+ b# k/ U4 v" P
Withdrawal and Renunciation
" X q. p8 O4 p 51. Walk-outs
. h" I6 l4 U* F7 Q# m% u; y1 p9 w 52. Silence( F) D H5 r, p
53. Renouncing honors
: r# k) H( j& f$ H# g 54. Turning one’s back! c4 q8 @% u- x4 u
$ C' ^% Z$ u& s
+ r$ k" O$ ?% [/ P
1 ~5 f T6 @3 O8 j$ BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
g7 L! l# V0 S( I& J2 F
/ T. a, {" q3 A4 ]% I6 D' ^ * N! J z: g2 N, k. u, E4 g8 a
5 C+ {7 X u5 u7 _7 }
Ostracism of Persons3 C6 h/ B; k( g
55. Social boycott, A. Q: z7 n- P9 d
56. Selective social boycott9 A/ U/ l! L s( b& P
57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 ^# R$ i# m! _: H 58. Excommunication8 L' B |, n& l7 |; B7 q* N
59. Interdict7 K, c3 h" @: i' M
* q# t! |- R) y& X6 O' Y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% |3 d' `( U' W L9 V
60. Suspension of social and sports activities, i, p6 }9 K1 J _: Y
61. Boycott of social affairs
# v. e, d7 z- Q- q 62. Student strike
- U9 ?" M" }% O 63. Social disobedience
. g% v& N6 k8 C 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) y; K. E& T9 C; b% [; F
# n( Z1 a1 E. | Y) SWithdrawal from the Social System
- \" I9 I9 S. |) g 65. Stay-at-home
( n- z* B5 ~# Q) x 66. Total personal noncooperation
" y, ~8 _1 r; }# Z# s3 B( y* Q6 k 67. “Flight” of workers
- c* Q8 u& |1 a6 u$ p7 j6 i7 u+ i 68. Sanctuary& T- p% F! u: X# S
69. Collective disappearance: v2 d7 c' d9 @
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 e% u3 b% _1 g9 I9 h' f
# A) x9 g6 r) K% {& m5 \
. i, P' R3 X# W. e- Q5 {1 `! M' d. I' S8 Z; s! [, z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
+ T h: Y& v1 f9 o' d5 d$ G! _- ?5 N% c1 o
9 ?- z( I D. l, u5 RActions by Consumers
) S) R8 x+ @, r" _5 x 71. Consumers’ boycott
) x$ v0 M$ W B0 d k `: i- a/ _2 H 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 p. B7 E: a* O/ r# Q 73. Policy of austerity) F) a4 k/ f) k* i
74. Rent withholding+ s( n6 R& o" }' \+ e N
75. Refusal to rent
( f+ F' x" {2 L+ k+ Y! l 76. National consumers’ boycott
. P2 H q2 F" q: t# ?& w: L 77. International consumers’ boycott
9 `% R( e6 E* T! u" c) ~6 ^& ?7 c5 G u. I& P* Q& A' y9 z# X6 F9 X( l3 s
Action by Workers and Producers
( O2 t# o) v3 M9 P- j 78. Workmen’s boycott
* G1 O3 |5 ~; d W7 r( y4 U 79. Producers’ boycott4 ?0 p! s% R9 k1 k0 _
9 K1 }7 q) A! w" Z2 K
Action by Middlemen
$ Q9 e V0 Z+ r! g& ~ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! A: u! q2 K+ ` S( D+ q( i
6 H8 e; n; e# CAction by Owners and Management% ]: K0 K& y: o
81. Traders’ boycott8 B% ]( }! a' g1 n# {1 _# f
82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 J6 c+ f7 G {7 ~6 D: k 83. Lockout6 s- g# G4 [: [4 q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# k; {4 ?" B+ W1 P0 J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ Z# ]) v: w& _
1 } Y! U% w4 ?8 {3 q+ t
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 X8 @* O7 U6 `2 `' @2 U 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! S I6 H* Y7 F6 {
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
3 R6 B1 S6 ^0 |6 z8 h4 W 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' C8 u6 s7 s5 W 89. Severance of funds and credit# Q" m N; s7 @6 H, R M2 A
90. Revenue refusal- |1 J/ I# k! P, H; f. ^% j: E
91. Refusal of a government’s money, k% m8 b* H$ L7 \- _) B
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Action by Governments. V6 n2 e; b6 p2 w/ J7 T$ r
92. Domestic embargo
# [5 b2 I. g; g) O K 93. Blacklisting of traders* Y; i8 {8 M# b) h/ V
94. International sellers’ embargo
& L( F5 B+ d2 X$ p8 c. u. h 95. International buyers’ embargo
) K! n/ o* F# t C P7 f 96. International trade embargo
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8 a ?/ y' g% m+ `# `1 G9 [5 oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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# I4 a3 _: B5 N" s8 w - Q: b8 b: X& O
Symbolic Strikes
( d: B u6 v0 J) e, X 97. Protest strike
8 \. l4 C& e- m, p/ R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 a5 f: Z; B% B; Y
" `! L( o7 c4 G+ a9 QAgricultural Strikes
) P0 M1 [; m8 |1 {+ U 99. Peasant strike% X2 ~6 J5 J+ S% g) L2 d
100. Farm Workers’ strike
* T3 ?; `" J3 a4 @& p0 l V
, o3 \! k9 F$ X- mStrikes by Special Groups% ~) p, |! n( B4 z% @9 t: {
101. Refusal of impressed labor, E; ]% e& b+ A# l
102. Prisoners’ strike* A% @& l. [! g1 r5 y/ H% ]( B
103. Craft strike
( J+ y& b6 X$ L5 c5 S; Z 104. Professional strike
8 P2 e, t U" w7 e& {+ T0 P+ X9 F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
/ W* ?) z2 D9 ]& F 105. Establishment strike5 f) J c" F5 K b
106. Industry strike% o9 G$ Q$ G7 r4 x+ U \8 m2 ^+ b
107. Sympathetic strike6 X+ U; `+ c5 n- ]4 H8 \
# \2 ~2 L& n( [, |Restricted Strikes5 |; `# a4 ]) l3 _4 ~/ [
108. Detailed strike
; m* Q6 {5 v# ?( U: u8 f 109. Bumper strike( z; x' D8 m' E5 C/ M/ [0 M( A
110. Slowdown strike+ n" v, f2 h6 q- R
111. Working-to-rule strike: N% h$ K3 [: P' C' s( L: r
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 {8 a9 s0 I0 B+ \0 I! o. r
113. Strike by resignation
0 V3 |5 \; z( Z 114. Limited strike( ], M( L% M! h0 a# {
115. Selective strike
& r% N0 \0 ?4 M5 L
( h' H `; P% f- \Multi-Industry Strikes: U8 M4 [8 c+ L, D/ k& `+ B
; h: n) }4 p/ g4 k; t; c% h
116. Generalized strike
G# c7 ^ a! \, V+ I( y1 q/ O$ Y
D `! R5 N: v. H3 {; R 117. General strike/ i0 I- \8 @9 c6 J6 Z5 N
2 l% r; j4 w R' J4 r& C1 tCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 ]% H0 z! B4 z# `$ h& B ]
' a% S2 C V& A$ k 118. Hartal4 U/ a. Q' E6 }
4 @3 r+ X4 R& [% l9 Z% y 119. Economic shutdown
+ B3 J+ I( h/ D* }% M0 w ?& N. t2 y3 n
7 e& {9 a0 m0 O; A: D+ o8 P7 L% U( Y$ |! I: b y0 s
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ \# A& F2 `- a9 ^9 c2 ?Rejection of Authority
& M8 E" q) c1 z+ ]; R3 g" ] 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' S, Y& m( p" z
121. Refusal of public support0 x" G: T7 ?0 q1 @
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" c, j% r" y$ _, E, \2 U% [
* [3 u3 ~. {& c; {5 I: l) qCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ A" u& l) h3 C 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: v1 ~' I9 c0 O 124. Boycott of elections1 x7 r. g3 i$ z1 f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions, x/ y. Z0 _8 o/ W' U4 ~: j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ [) O/ B8 o/ |: ]3 u! A 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
a6 Q9 I& O0 s3 Z. } 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. l c0 i/ g( f$ h( t: r
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 w7 e4 z) \' C3 S \! M
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ _, V, J8 S7 S- A1 @2 q2 K 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- {; t9 m7 J8 ]
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
* | J9 k# f9 i6 q4 B9 A
' L$ A& H; i: s, e9 Z/ SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: j# w3 W) V2 C& \$ G$ q4 l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) B6 C! c0 H: \/ j: B( I3 L
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 N3 ^: c' x- N 135. Popular nonobedience
* ^* H8 g: @9 ` 136. Disguised disobedience
{. @: w; ^8 l$ p! x( v" w/ R 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ M& O# w l) N+ S+ c, D
138. Sitdown; @! O0 J/ A# |- \4 s
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 }! M) f8 b. l; j2 w9 `5 S- R3 \ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 H$ C, b( f l$ L6 B3 [ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: d l) R; Y/ x% G M/ d1 i/ d3 |
( O( @% v6 h1 V1 }" ^1 [' T# CAction by Government Personnel% j% I2 P0 s `0 F& h! j3 E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 x4 }) W/ p& X/ x R% m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ W6 ?$ R1 J4 s/ k 144. Stalling and obstruction
) ^+ J. |$ ]; O6 ]$ i9 G2 L2 x7 a 145. General administrative noncooperation6 Z v$ @3 H s4 F% O$ G6 p3 D# Y
W! B8 s+ Z% K+ q 146. Judicial noncooperation
h }- l+ h2 s( D' B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 l, X6 i- U) a$ ?, R3 y 148. Mutiny9 F1 w5 z7 ]1 g G
Domestic Governmental Action0 W# m/ G* p3 d5 Y% u8 \1 W
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 u9 o3 ?4 t% i
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ ~ W5 J0 O J1 x* _* U& \. s' Z) i3 U0 K* g. n Z6 s2 t( Q
International Governmental Action
; [. Q$ V/ O: {, r' W% s: A 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% H5 @" }( U ?- S% R 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 c& @4 B5 m; E8 k3 F1 V 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( p1 a+ C/ q9 m" r9 |$ x 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 F5 M% I5 H Z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 _( T( ?. H! |" @ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ d% r! Z6 {$ s) n# j n+ w0 d2 g, Y
157. Expulsion from international organizations5 z2 J* U1 n- y) i
8 @. `. `# V: ~7 J! b. R% T ( m8 V3 ], S2 ]& \& w Z$ u, W
6 u2 ]% n/ M% h% q5 V F5 }THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
& }* [% D! b h* b7 ?) y$ ~) `2 _5 J
( H2 ^* K- ^- A: l9 Q4 V / b& D* l0 @5 O) ]" S; w& M
Psychological Intervention
/ E. Y, ~6 r T, ` 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( L: v! ?* x+ K) ^ ~ 159. The fast# {/ x/ O4 A) P5 l' g+ U' t
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 ~7 f) R' C% t4 R+ W b) Hunger strike
- _# G$ f3 u! c" \9 } c) Satyagrahic fast
4 C4 Q* b, x$ q6 R/ U 160. Reverse trial
( t- a7 l. d0 i" E 161. Nonviolent harassment
6 A- J! Q1 z/ E- p4 M
( o2 P: Z; F4 d! J/ HPhysical Intervention
" K' G) l& q+ j' M7 } 162. Sit-in
# T: U" G9 _0 H u3 N 163. Stand-in$ l5 |( S. Z5 C) q' V3 F& h
164. Ride-in
! Y. A+ h" i3 X 165. Wade-in+ g- h1 N% s' m6 Z
166. Mill-in0 J4 W7 ]- P, [
167. Pray-in; G: ^+ K9 T% I& [: P: E G- g
168. Nonviolent raids
/ J8 I* M1 o* g4 e) | 169. Nonviolent air raids
; O/ c8 S# D( Q; D7 D: i: ^9 m A6 w 170. Nonviolent invasion
7 g6 n1 H- ^$ i9 X' @ 171. Nonviolent interjection5 H1 K& t {( Y& _( S" x
172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 W; u, S. V8 o( H H 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention2 O( o u- i$ k2 _- [
174. Establishing new social patterns
, V# N, [+ q# r. `+ { 175. Overloading of facilities
2 K/ s# G' U3 f! |3 X% d/ B 176. Stall-in
x, L$ P/ [4 \ 177. Speak-in
% b e) P: V5 T" Z 178. Guerrilla theater
Q% t, M2 F+ h5 O 179. Alternative social institutions
2 f( u- \( D* J$ ^7 { 180. Alternative communication system
; f) F' J+ X4 v `
- M9 f. [" N1 [- BEconomic Intervention
, R2 @; N6 f% o+ c1 z0 n8 C+ a; v 181. Reverse strike _4 L) a' [. h
182. Stay-in strike* t5 S& A' d" P% N- z/ C
183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ H) `3 q* O: z! M+ _ 184. Defiance of blockades+ A4 ^( o5 X0 V, H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* c* k( Q0 t9 Z. j/ Y `2 D
186. Preclusive purchasing/ U R9 G+ z6 e( p0 x% \
187. Seizure of assets$ E- W7 f# \& u" f. g
188. Dumping* s8 ?1 r4 o' Y. `+ `5 M4 L& j
189. Selective patronage" j. P2 R( g3 o9 ~
190. Alternative markets: b- u5 \2 F' O) Z
191. Alternative transportation systems
+ F6 ]& e; A0 A 192. Alternative economic institutions
# l4 n, d9 j% Z7 M/ U+ w: u3 L* V0 {- o" u) F; }5 z, x! E
Political Intervention( s) a0 j" A8 B3 G5 H2 {( d6 n
193. Overloading of administrative systems9 w# h% I9 a2 S7 c% P
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* e/ D0 ]% |, B' y& u7 D; J 195. Seeking imprisonment
6 z D9 b8 Y+ c+ O+ M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# X( `! K( o9 `: e
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 C$ x/ ^( b& S 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
