 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* H( t1 m0 p7 N1 Y( cFormal Statements1 A# U* `3 T* O, `
1. Public Speeches
" E7 o" i4 w2 u5 L9 L 2. Letters of opposition or support6 {/ B% y5 g1 g+ g/ _- o2 E* g6 C
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 r4 V6 G9 {+ {( b 4. Signed public statements
Q Q5 _. P9 i8 {" \7 n) Q# d 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! D0 P$ c/ h) X2 _" ? 6. Group or mass petitions
& }/ Y. I9 x5 Q& i6 M
4 ?$ G" L; m ^4 }" |: O p/ nCommunications with a Wider Audience
/ }9 {# ]3 L* C3 y3 t, P/ i 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 F9 k/ m. k$ Y" J
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 `; h4 P& r& E+ r* r5 R9 _9 S 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* x# {8 H% q0 z# P. `
10. Newspapers and journals
) F0 ] h M- D3 M/ _ _8 _6 S 11. Records, radio, and television
+ k9 o6 w$ i6 V( Q: h9 L$ O 12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 ^2 R' D! G7 K( y; T7 h" k ]; }+ s. D
! O' M, g5 g) @9 Q L2 ^* MGroup Representations8 |- z* l- f* X; o: d
13. Deputations
+ C3 ?- U9 L8 Z/ |* M7 Y+ r5 ^5 n) m 14. Mock awards! y5 u5 `( P4 r w3 Q9 `" P6 @
15. Group lobbying
7 d9 @, a& i- g+ q. o+ H& j3 J; {% R 16. Picketing
: Y5 F2 X( H# q7 y o# R6 X+ k 17. Mock elections
# ^3 K8 Z$ n( K7 N8 `$ T
# J% {) p: j/ s" x5 I( z8 jSymbolic Public Acts8 f+ Y4 W: W" m, w* H
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 K: M @) d, U8 D9 k# F- P 19. Wearing of symbols; ?% N* k! H9 x4 V4 Y- ]9 f
20. Prayer and worship g+ H8 Z$ z+ A; {/ U( g1 f/ {
21. Delivering symbolic objects$ ^+ ]$ x9 E- L1 s s* Y; b; [
22. Protest disrobings- H6 V" z0 O1 S
23. Destruction of own property
# u5 G, f- r" W) u& Q 24. Symbolic lights
t) E3 G( [5 E1 q 25. Displays of portraits6 A/ J% Q, w. _. U% Z) {
26. Paint as protest. C8 l& W3 Z ^. l
27. New signs and names1 n: r/ M0 `$ L- C
28. Symbolic sounds
& I T9 n6 G3 i2 _7 Y6 L; c) ~ 29. Symbolic reclamations) @: o( z4 G+ P" N
30. Rude gestures- L* E- U4 ~3 O
- W4 c, c8 f, \: }Pressures on Individuals
1 d. R. J: b3 r 31. “Haunting” officials
& w, B; H; S* e 32. Taunting officials& `2 h% N1 a3 @3 ^
33. Fraternization/ A% a. k4 b+ D( a& i# E
34. Vigils
9 `5 o3 h7 y; x% ~/ T# X
, y7 }; j& N, B$ [Drama and Music+ b+ \! R$ W+ M1 M
35. Humorous skits and pranks
, k; q" Y3 m1 Y! l 36. Performances of plays and music9 S( D, q& o, j: f9 H8 v
37. Singing
* N$ i8 G9 f- t/ J g, T( b' c7 o- R
Processions
8 u- Y/ w5 K- G- b$ W" k 38. Marches5 ?' R [7 L P, B, |
39. Parades2 A# ~3 B5 ~' K
40. Religious processions
, e R1 @+ R& E 41. Pilgrimages, l- k0 D0 z' e; s Z; J
42. Motorcades( f- `) g+ @7 l4 b9 y
: x2 s; w! l/ d' L, X
Honoring the Dead
. I2 N; s. ^: a% i9 C 43. Political mourning
& {! D: Z9 h3 o3 z; k 44. Mock funerals. U- V! k8 m$ c2 z
45. Demonstrative funerals" Z: b4 A l4 G# g0 b
46. Homage at burial places
9 o7 g4 n8 u0 k$ m( p: n: Y; i2 L+ a
Public Assemblies
( L! x1 I6 j$ k6 k1 Y; c 47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ T+ n' n" h6 f$ ?) T* f 48. Protest meetings
7 f' V4 d9 Q+ O n3 I8 P e 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 n7 s* A6 X6 u! ?5 b. D 50. Teach-ins- X- Z2 B3 `. N$ f
8 R3 B1 L9 }7 ?0 d$ i! i/ ^) Y# k. R
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# e- E4 q3 S' k) d& i7 A" q: b 51. Walk-outs, t! s: S* c" W+ H: `
52. Silence' G. i; P- D7 r- o
53. Renouncing honors/ R# {+ s& u6 Q* K T k/ C
54. Turning one’s back/ M3 A# q$ V% O" m7 Z' b
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# }+ D8 C. v! w# M T: ^/ v$ z+ v1 `3 y/ |: Z# z
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) E; z! E+ X8 e* W. m
9 x* c/ E+ x# T" Z# @( ]9 k + `: U2 a0 B; z" O, }3 q7 h
$ G3 C- c0 k! ^" d. mOstracism of Persons
+ n5 d9 j S& {& }6 M4 K 55. Social boycott
0 N" J' e1 c k# n1 r 56. Selective social boycott
9 Y1 j+ r6 s& ] |1 K' b 57. Lysistratic nonaction5 Q2 e+ Z Z. ~8 Z3 v7 Q) d3 `
58. Excommunication2 f! \: _% K$ P$ i( }. k9 r
59. Interdict1 P% Q4 ]( |4 T7 g. \% F( H* {
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 j! k6 }' v/ B( _8 H' d. r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities" A# ^! l% T4 v; {& O5 ^2 u9 x; J# `' d
61. Boycott of social affairs
* A# ?% o; j. l; Q# s* ], g8 ] 62. Student strike3 U9 p2 y+ K/ C l5 E
63. Social disobedience" I0 k; P6 j ?, E+ J
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* m; m: ]- x: O) o. {2 I; H5 E3 |
3 s1 h4 R& _4 w- k fWithdrawal from the Social System( s; E$ Y j+ C+ P+ o' ]
65. Stay-at-home
4 ]* m0 O* b& L, ` 66. Total personal noncooperation
( |& K( G0 |9 c& q$ N9 S8 ^ 67. “Flight” of workers( C0 z' I8 q6 c
68. Sanctuary
j. w; i/ F# L7 [ 69. Collective disappearance
8 Y2 D/ z2 w! } 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) p( m7 B9 G5 s9 q
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9 H: G0 O* u- [( U/ \. C3 v
$ a7 O; {+ h( P. z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
- Y( j( N- ^# G1 g. O1 w$ j% }; I* e) d g' q7 [4 S8 C, a( E$ h8 ]
; c% Q% F2 i* i0 Q3 S( WActions by Consumers& M, i1 O4 S5 N* {# x2 U# q
71. Consumers’ boycott2 w3 U3 P2 l" T5 @5 G
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods! G9 ]! w" @( w9 T
73. Policy of austerity4 z! L) J2 C5 e) Z: B
74. Rent withholding4 b% `. `, i* A7 s) h' K
75. Refusal to rent
9 K' C+ ]# c8 M1 A 76. National consumers’ boycott5 d! H' A5 U4 C6 r
77. International consumers’ boycott
% Z2 n9 C& R. n& d% ^* b: Q9 d% S, X s! I D
Action by Workers and Producers+ [4 V0 h$ ]& }' t
78. Workmen’s boycott
9 N9 s3 U- e9 R* z! p( M! e! A- Y 79. Producers’ boycott
4 M0 s0 n8 ?3 P R- ^2 H% f
5 S% b, Q5 I; Z& XAction by Middlemen
9 ?+ i7 z+ D6 A6 ]# }! S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
, Q t Q4 O4 S+ {' Q* K0 Z. _8 ?6 l
Action by Owners and Management
0 Y8 {" A' A6 h* K+ n4 D& W, ~ 81. Traders’ boycott
1 d2 C/ Q4 f2 j+ S1 E1 K" x4 E 82. Refusal to let or sell property0 g" O# p" p& F; }4 ?3 l7 s
83. Lockout) Y' d7 Q' D3 i5 D0 c/ i
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, B* V3 }. W4 x# P. ]; k' \0 o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 U* F3 e- P2 N, I1 D0 D
7 h) {2 X. Y' U3 _) y( @8 t
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 _$ b- T1 O [& [" O
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" g$ K. {& ]7 v8 G 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments }- z; Y. A% t+ p& T! w# z* T0 S
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
2 k5 W2 O/ ?# L; a 89. Severance of funds and credit: u: F$ |1 r% V- M( t$ Q" z
90. Revenue refusal, O% J- \9 H! ], t$ Y" j7 M5 F2 ^
91. Refusal of a government’s money# B/ c$ V$ C/ L. L `
' b9 V* d4 k, p/ Y& g
Action by Governments ^! K& o) C) i; e' d, T
92. Domestic embargo
q7 S8 Q) E8 s9 x# ] 93. Blacklisting of traders9 }' ~: V4 m4 L ]- z: N
94. International sellers’ embargo
3 l. |: E- `* h5 d 95. International buyers’ embargo, l# q1 i* K/ S- v: Q* A
96. International trade embargo
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6 f5 r3 t( a2 u# @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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1 `$ ?) H( g4 h0 `& M% v% J 0 J. @* ~4 }! N- ^9 y( z! ]6 @# z
Symbolic Strikes
) L1 a5 T. e) H1 W; b 97. Protest strike: i, ?; S% J- C* @1 t: X
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! k7 c2 M9 `+ N- P& ^5 [) g8 Y( b9 ]* k! B- g
Agricultural Strikes
n7 ^/ H6 C6 n: Y 99. Peasant strike
( x4 L' ~# E/ o9 X) ^ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
" A# w L4 E v
5 A! L- w+ m, C+ C8 ~Strikes by Special Groups
3 @ z$ O5 W+ T& p9 V 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 \+ c/ C9 v$ D. L% v" r9 m 102. Prisoners’ strike- T3 v) d, ?, _6 f
103. Craft strike }% A- D! |4 Y! @( F/ Y0 O r! g* {
104. Professional strike% v3 u+ n: t+ y
* k" _ [8 D/ n
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ e! i c/ n- C: k3 u# K
105. Establishment strike+ V8 J* b* U* h. r- C6 d8 O( A
106. Industry strike V4 {- c" ?5 B- W: @" |
107. Sympathetic strike3 R, W; ^' \2 q3 x' M
8 H, `# D- P2 n u" A4 I
Restricted Strikes
0 h& k! |! i* o 108. Detailed strike
+ @: j$ M( q$ Q* z 109. Bumper strike
) E4 _& R) q+ S9 o+ M. I 110. Slowdown strike
7 F! c! [" f( s6 `% b( I 111. Working-to-rule strike
) _# D- N7 v* H2 n' z2 l 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& f1 ~" {- J1 ~& N. t
113. Strike by resignation* M: v' E( a1 R$ m9 o9 I! g* |
114. Limited strike, m6 l- G% L6 i% y7 c
115. Selective strike
& s, O& ~8 a, z+ ^7 \8 d
* p6 U( B# l b- i& q4 L TMulti-Industry Strikes1 x: u1 v+ R# m9 |- {/ o4 w
5 P- J9 r' V) t+ Z8 U, j 116. Generalized strike4 M6 H' ^- Y a S: g3 @. w: z
|" R( U0 v: Q8 H: } 117. General strike
5 P" r4 ~( C. h1 Z
W9 ~* f3 K: XCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ c$ B) Y% ^7 y; a$ Q8 u0 {5 u* C
/ L9 w2 x: c0 N 118. Hartal: R5 h. F$ c& V$ k( f
, w' o* p8 G7 f2 V m6 S
119. Economic shutdown
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3 s+ k( e5 n$ C6 ]2 _8 s( JTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 |/ L% o0 z3 q$ R1 x& s4 j& a
5 w5 K, ~( o& Z2 Y" e
: A& P, Q/ T: F$ z; q# V5 {+ d6 q' ?Rejection of Authority
/ {, H/ z$ d8 h7 B, Y' K' A 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
/ q& c# `9 [6 v2 |2 ~4 y 121. Refusal of public support7 f6 J; `: ^! P5 J# Z; u4 c
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
" w# I. K4 t2 d9 n4 A
8 T; A/ b2 C: U h0 ]2 q3 [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ ]/ C2 n- t. y( i% Z6 e( q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 j K. L r& K" g9 g 124. Boycott of elections- ?1 P- ?+ Y$ r, l. H( S
125. Boycott of government employment and positions. b7 F2 N0 e, g, [" d& a# K
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! L2 V2 T0 y3 J& f" w! P
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* f2 G, g# F0 M4 E. f 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 ^) R, R: r7 A) I; h# a 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ N' j! _3 F2 ]- }( n( G4 f
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: Y- J4 r3 L# ^7 s, H 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 ~0 I6 `; d: m8 b
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions U7 m" c% Y5 y+ c
1 P5 Q9 I0 Q- J" `: B' mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# f: k2 G3 [$ ?" O$ |- @' p 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: f5 D' D, G7 \8 b% u6 n 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, s5 D# Z6 T6 M
135. Popular nonobedience7 l! \0 R& D% I
136. Disguised disobedience/ T( ]/ i( ^' q* L( z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( Y- W I$ W E8 _
138. Sitdown
4 Y) A3 v) A6 ?$ A- K- X% S 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 g: U3 O0 W& L' `
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# ~( P4 y# C$ s1 r! d5 j
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ ]1 s! {+ u" W$ @ w
0 | k( I% l' }& k/ N$ `Action by Government Personnel
* H* y. M* G M9 M 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' }2 h$ z2 w Q$ j 143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 n4 f, o* j$ l0 \3 z
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 `( Q% B7 [5 H6 |. B e% y 145. General administrative noncooperation/ C4 \1 q& p: n' W Q9 m. |. { Z$ ~
0 p. S& v7 k4 }( ^ 146. Judicial noncooperation9 J) ]1 i& N2 T% S2 `4 T
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 n0 ~( o* p( K! \; u: z0 ~" ?2 u
148. Mutiny
; Y$ b3 @+ P3 _) ^Domestic Governmental Action
( T0 S; J0 O! N( g/ d v7 D 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
`8 j1 M: g0 |' @/ Q5 Z; _; A. T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# S* k. Q3 u9 V6 d! S' @, \$ O7 k
International Governmental Action, B* y( |; d# r: e g
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% U' @6 a; v- }5 V 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; h7 b9 _& }! {: J' l! o. i# s. ~ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) W4 `( S3 B2 {% [$ X
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- D, f2 y, M9 P, `, R 155. Withdrawal from international organizations t2 t5 d% ^. `1 X
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies1 A, T1 Z; `0 e& f
157. Expulsion from international organizations. i/ N0 q% h6 l3 z
# Z* B- a! E6 O) k4 g h ; c2 k; F4 H. \9 r$ t# X S
/ s( ?" ?6 D5 d
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 Q1 ^; R) n1 n% p8 i S8 s
( ?5 s8 ?( R7 e2 k: ^) P) w# t) N 5 q! ]5 C0 t" y9 k: P
Psychological Intervention; n; O; R% }3 }; P$ H' x/ \
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 d* ^% t9 U8 l7 J 159. The fast
- R7 M: R" z( q/ _* X( Y a) Fast of moral pressure
# D4 ]$ f% B- Z7 ~0 v# ]4 Z. } b) Hunger strike# M S2 ^, ` C h
c) Satyagrahic fast
- p! g. G: @% _6 a9 d 160. Reverse trial
0 P, p u9 ]& |$ P 161. Nonviolent harassment0 r3 Y$ n: R: h3 \0 J# C% m% @; e3 P
2 E: M2 ?4 c, ]4 H- O9 Q% sPhysical Intervention. ^6 q+ J7 O& b; w
162. Sit-in+ L& E4 W* B- Y l) S
163. Stand-in7 E7 I" J |8 P4 a
164. Ride-in% j- J! o& k; v' o$ e! C3 J$ k" k6 w
165. Wade-in
0 ?. l) v5 [% |4 b2 q5 y 166. Mill-in4 {5 C% \9 J, W& u& K) n, E
167. Pray-in
% D( z& V+ g6 d- D! T+ }) G; v 168. Nonviolent raids( I0 u6 T/ A. T0 R, ?' k% z
169. Nonviolent air raids
( b, a( V1 x5 r2 S 170. Nonviolent invasion# x. D/ m/ D! P/ }# _
171. Nonviolent interjection
' f' T m6 |1 e6 f6 m 172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 H9 m. ]( d h9 @" B 173. Nonviolent occupation
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. h7 b# [ K6 o& G! g, hSocial Intervention6 ]# Q) g2 Y, W% D4 o5 \
174. Establishing new social patterns& }( E( E1 M. w" M" ^
175. Overloading of facilities
- e$ U& r8 _* y. M1 n3 ` 176. Stall-in C) b1 f4 j$ v+ B7 ~- q" ^, g
177. Speak-in$ y$ ]* x0 u. o& |5 T% y6 F1 ?
178. Guerrilla theater
8 R$ r6 `8 g3 k6 r& J6 U& ?7 w 179. Alternative social institutions/ I4 |* e' ~3 W( j: p I- y* n4 M1 n
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention$ v: `$ R0 }3 P6 Q
181. Reverse strike
5 u# w3 d8 M8 h6 w1 d# e3 F/ B 182. Stay-in strike
& i' Y) v# w! x( B& S 183. Nonviolent land seizure
% X5 [1 l1 A9 U0 [5 o+ ? 184. Defiance of blockades. H& s7 i. T! @( e H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 [+ q" w3 {) b# x/ K' F
186. Preclusive purchasing
2 G; X' ^5 j7 K/ g 187. Seizure of assets q3 `, T1 F. v+ Y
188. Dumping4 c+ o4 Q+ i7 O( s% S1 e/ x3 V
189. Selective patronage# Y" c: R9 R, M9 q L5 H! k! W( M+ u
190. Alternative markets: ?1 A. x+ c( J
191. Alternative transportation systems
9 C' F6 y9 n* ]( g/ Z 192. Alternative economic institutions6 j, X$ W3 B) b; q; h0 g! ^$ x
% m7 L) a& h5 E
Political Intervention3 F; g4 j' E0 V. H' l' {
193. Overloading of administrative systems4 V# C9 h$ y( Y1 r! u8 d
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! B6 Z5 y) Z( }1 u( N/ h
195. Seeking imprisonment
0 q, ]- q. v4 h7 I) i% p3 K0 J 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" W+ A7 s9 m* b2 P' m3 ?; f 197. Work-on without collaboration7 W& |7 Z" H- |
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 z" T% C' K9 O8 c" [6 y
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
