 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION) K2 x R) `3 m L
Formal Statements, r$ F+ i0 g o
1. Public Speeches! M6 \; q n. N1 m7 `* f
2. Letters of opposition or support! i; {5 y% o% k' A0 e8 ~, C# y5 ~
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' ~$ T% u1 E* ~: c6 G- M5 Y* v
4. Signed public statements
9 }, K0 s5 p. Z: m 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) a. _9 Q' E3 z+ L0 [ 6. Group or mass petitions) H5 w5 p0 k) }+ ]1 a s7 [; ~
3 i# [. q3 Y5 o+ W1 U7 U6 LCommunications with a Wider Audience* _. L8 ^! A ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ Y- z I- H! x; a, x% ?0 ` 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& M# U4 ^. f& i1 m1 e 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! C6 V$ m0 Z8 \! [) u
10. Newspapers and journals
4 `' ]: N2 n- N' J H2 B% A 11. Records, radio, and television" \, C9 Y$ f! c; x
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% C U! m H, E0 T* n, T; L2 C3 k/ G
Group Representations
8 p8 m6 O, A' Q/ @$ _ 13. Deputations
6 j1 t u* Y5 b9 ? 14. Mock awards
. x" L+ P( C4 v( Q0 ? 15. Group lobbying
; X. A% D/ a3 i7 |! m 16. Picketing
/ [; J( D/ ~( C2 {8 n, K& C! p 17. Mock elections
) c9 [# C% ~/ ]: \. K$ y: k+ f9 i v) ^8 J5 p$ c& Z
Symbolic Public Acts
$ p z9 E0 M0 f4 a. e 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# e- ^3 u# C2 P; P9 v+ T 19. Wearing of symbols
2 |9 y! o0 W2 A4 k' \0 s# b 20. Prayer and worship
% q0 q" _; K* Z0 k. ^' _5 b 21. Delivering symbolic objects( i( V8 @1 a) d0 H
22. Protest disrobings$ W0 e2 q( K" W, j8 ?! C0 S. `, T2 u
23. Destruction of own property
5 g( x, K6 I3 z& R 24. Symbolic lights) M q5 y# H" w2 ^; `, X& }
25. Displays of portraits
( g4 }# @- h+ I' A. t 26. Paint as protest/ S4 s6 ~0 n+ Z& l# z: A
27. New signs and names0 t! m0 a" I _$ }$ O, K0 I
28. Symbolic sounds$ K$ s, z6 W) R2 x9 c& I
29. Symbolic reclamations
* s2 T' F( N5 o4 }; j 30. Rude gestures
% Q9 I6 f$ K* P
6 @8 H* b' v$ fPressures on Individuals, I2 ~! ^) W8 y5 ^; n
31. “Haunting” officials0 F% o' V' Q$ | e* W( c! l
32. Taunting officials
7 A, k- t2 u4 |9 d" d 33. Fraternization
/ w7 ~& X1 C [8 C; {& l 34. Vigils
O" ^: Y _+ H6 G
+ w4 s; A/ k/ S/ \Drama and Music
3 N/ O7 i0 ~# B; E 35. Humorous skits and pranks2 k9 w+ D; [6 R# z2 O$ \- ?. P
36. Performances of plays and music
+ T: h. `8 E' i1 N- p3 e6 P+ U9 h u 37. Singing6 y! H4 Z1 Y. n* K7 F7 J
6 h/ [' A; ?8 K6 r8 Y. e; q- S$ K1 eProcessions- |5 g8 x+ h& A" k# |( Y( _
38. Marches7 {% W! }# q- n4 ]. S
39. Parades2 u2 T5 L. d1 j" k0 W
40. Religious processions! G- \: ?" ~5 U$ q! Z
41. Pilgrimages0 d6 j( t- ]2 _6 m* D
42. Motorcades" D" Y* T; F; V1 J* s
) F4 D$ b5 G$ W& F/ Q% f, lHonoring the Dead8 V0 i6 j) N- F Y
43. Political mourning3 }: e# [8 c5 z# @0 P( H m& g
44. Mock funerals* f5 u4 ^, J3 i: e* w
45. Demonstrative funerals
' @6 U$ V: T0 @$ P2 N* ^; z- s 46. Homage at burial places
3 ]$ n$ C: d9 R( u; Q: `6 d3 ^$ T
6 ~: S# o% _4 |- @/ r& _7 p' v( rPublic Assemblies6 U2 Q4 C; i* f( M
47. Assemblies of protest or support
|4 k+ k0 v9 q6 z 48. Protest meetings
4 ~% c4 G+ Z' O* h! q0 {+ L5 ] 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ w" {# k- w0 C1 U
50. Teach-ins {3 P$ I$ E, v, d* S6 T
3 o$ f4 Y; i3 y/ @Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 Y' Q6 I! c0 z, q# s) s# } 51. Walk-outs
7 ]1 z( _) J, V) X' e# r 52. Silence
+ A, C* u; g; I) l8 Y 53. Renouncing honors4 h1 i# W. S; e. i2 H
54. Turning one’s back
) e7 P% w% K- }- w9 p$ ?1 f! L; q) b" O
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0 o8 d$ k2 s5 T' m" `THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 M/ _+ A4 W; h! u6 x( t4 @
$ i6 j ?6 K: x, M5 ]3 t' r' m/ [ 1 S \& H( g3 [6 f
5 k! `/ z8 a6 A$ l7 |: m
Ostracism of Persons
6 T( ^0 \3 _' C6 D) t 55. Social boycott# u9 m6 E6 o7 `' j. ]2 W2 n
56. Selective social boycott$ h$ T) z7 X7 O
57. Lysistratic nonaction
9 S4 z- R. R" E+ l; {0 t 58. Excommunication
4 ~+ p. f& P9 }/ } 59. Interdict( Q) N; U$ g; O4 K% {
* j# ~4 W3 t* x* s" L o! p1 }
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 A/ j) f8 U% {4 B/ j
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& ^ f! L. |8 {0 h. H 61. Boycott of social affairs
' k- w" V. e1 }6 y& N+ | H6 d 62. Student strike
6 q4 o% S: d/ W3 Q: B- j 63. Social disobedience) }; R# z$ l% x0 z/ @3 V
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
+ O( w, V* P3 o
8 u$ |; X/ I2 a PWithdrawal from the Social System
! Q Y6 Q& Z- i) V) P5 R 65. Stay-at-home
; h4 K4 H! [$ V( e 66. Total personal noncooperation: [9 r9 V4 h* k8 D1 y) ?& G5 P& i7 H
67. “Flight” of workers
0 G; {$ h# f& L# u1 \6 }) a 68. Sanctuary
/ @& F8 d' v: Z4 v7 b7 d. A' T9 D 69. Collective disappearance
: u; Y% G/ U/ P- S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
! g6 I, R( u: G, A+ W7 |6 L) T+ N7 t# K% T6 m4 `9 i
; C# a3 @' u3 \! X9 @0 b0 Z {/ p: t6 {5 V. i
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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1 r0 f% i: k4 r1 {6 ^7 F
Actions by Consumers
/ L7 g6 Q: i8 \; ~ 71. Consumers’ boycott
; E+ Q q! W U( b2 N; ?# x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# `; b7 `1 e8 T# @
73. Policy of austerity
i9 n# i$ l( X" S: d- m0 p 74. Rent withholding
i5 T6 h8 m2 K 75. Refusal to rent6 s8 l( l3 j* P9 o
76. National consumers’ boycott
; M% a0 T$ y- l 77. International consumers’ boycott
6 ]1 ?: A) ?' ^. S+ U3 z7 y/ `% C$ A9 H) n( Q5 _
Action by Workers and Producers4 N" g" r6 i" ]3 W
78. Workmen’s boycott0 ]7 c u5 |5 U `! y! D
79. Producers’ boycott2 V! C' W9 H0 i+ ^$ g4 @* R- L; |
g7 f* d N1 @% c5 ~9 mAction by Middlemen
' W- S% R7 D) w/ ~ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
f7 F$ Q/ V4 R4 h" d. k1 t; y
" M" s% |+ B E, EAction by Owners and Management
# @8 L1 Q. P. h @3 @ W+ Z8 S 81. Traders’ boycott
6 Y# o6 J- c% J& p, D% i 82. Refusal to let or sell property k8 Y, a1 C" m# v( z, t* Q4 W
83. Lockout. r$ A( e8 {% m
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& q5 E6 f6 S; R; Y/ d 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; s* S7 I8 x* k1 k9 A( V, l7 \- q
) T& p1 S. g# D. e, ^" u$ A$ H& [Action by Holders of Financial Resources h9 R/ U4 q* `1 O0 y% V% e, D2 B
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 {1 I% l8 ~3 U1 D+ l& g 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments }: X" m9 f0 c
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
G) Q- R' }* b+ o; H# c 89. Severance of funds and credit
/ A1 c) i/ @ W 90. Revenue refusal
( [. G1 Z+ L" o4 ]5 j8 j 91. Refusal of a government’s money% V4 P0 Z7 [0 \6 V. Q) l2 D
8 }( N3 V0 I0 O+ y0 f# I. FAction by Governments
3 X, v. h2 y' O( v: g u 92. Domestic embargo
! o v: L* {5 p0 \! ^! S g 93. Blacklisting of traders
Y. H% i, n n3 H' C) a' ]1 l 94. International sellers’ embargo M# T" g4 o) B% j) Z
95. International buyers’ embargo
2 L) ~, |1 ?& K) C! \5 } f: l8 { 96. International trade embargo/ i9 D8 X, J! z+ f* q8 B
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1 f% g: B9 J$ W3 \* _+ s2 ]* s- FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 [6 l8 f6 _" W- L/ ?7 X
# [" w3 C- t R! C5 Q8 k2 ~
. V1 Z5 \6 Z0 P/ @Symbolic Strikes; M; y; e4 m9 j, w3 _; j9 _7 ?
97. Protest strike
* q7 E1 v0 q6 W# w* B) N6 c7 B4 G 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 c/ ^1 `* r! S( C+ j4 B) K
& J; O1 T1 k) @2 L
Agricultural Strikes5 M7 j) V5 w/ m! V6 q% o; p
99. Peasant strike6 ?2 A$ Q9 B3 ?5 g( n6 ^2 e
100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 w' P1 ]0 S8 f. O5 H0 _: K& {- ~4 p W/ ^
Strikes by Special Groups
: F% Y# A7 I& t' z2 L" H 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 q, r/ q; ^* l 102. Prisoners’ strike
& b- ]) R+ A- F L# a! i6 q 103. Craft strike
( Y ]) @3 A' h W* e% T 104. Professional strike& I0 w1 n( V) t: M
, b/ p \8 H# U: r POrdinary Industrial Strikes# o" K6 n( u; l3 V1 Z0 E; y$ r
105. Establishment strike: o1 f3 D) K( \" }6 `% K! ^& F( J
106. Industry strike
~7 T5 J, S4 E- @& [: e9 i 107. Sympathetic strike8 Z3 P1 [/ [( B4 Y
( S& r4 r$ J: `: O c$ {$ X8 @/ ~
Restricted Strikes9 O! n+ R& |# Z, `* ` ~( l" p( u$ b
108. Detailed strike
: Q3 W' p3 E1 S9 u4 O 109. Bumper strike
$ `& B v# Y+ L+ _: ^ 110. Slowdown strike
, D5 [2 ?4 n( q v( o( ^ 111. Working-to-rule strike1 p& Y1 @3 f+ I
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 `; z1 r$ C( R
113. Strike by resignation
, P1 Q9 `) m) P6 ?: T 114. Limited strike
& G- Y$ E7 q3 L8 J! d 115. Selective strike
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& t: P) `; _* F3 k3 B) jMulti-Industry Strikes
' a$ [9 o- h6 j; r% |! L7 Q$ t5 b: O) d5 j# K
116. Generalized strike* a0 @: G, w% G' Q8 p
4 R. P4 j( {& S% i3 e 117. General strike( B/ M: c/ F$ V# V
, ^" n @& t7 p" `* C4 kCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ h$ ]& J5 u$ X, N' J& m7 T
0 h, k) L, L' ?- r4 U 118. Hartal* l+ o& A- U k1 L2 S4 g& e
' T3 ]+ d* J9 ?5 i" Y
119. Economic shutdown$ }# }& S# j9 C0 \, A4 {0 S
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4 C) G T/ i: K1 BTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ w U7 Q6 C: R
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! \0 {; e6 ^' e9 |$ {1 E8 I( WRejection of Authority
! ^3 f( z/ C: a: O 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: x3 H7 w7 Q, I' K7 Q% ?
121. Refusal of public support& N/ Q4 t( ] @) \4 x* v
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance _. Y" z2 O0 D3 S1 l" u
+ R; N T# L4 G8 K1 e6 W0 bCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 b& g! \. _/ _ y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 {" i$ r/ y; }8 g# H. T, d 124. Boycott of elections
$ g, [. V2 x; j# G 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* Z# u2 j! e* ]0 r/ A8 A/ J 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies7 `3 _9 @% q& L+ R
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ \$ B' `' o7 G" W6 K
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. _* R9 s) K& T8 ^* n) n% q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ Z9 u+ v3 \% t8 P4 P
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 ~. @0 t! G e 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 a8 f9 I p: b+ ^4 u
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# d; g! v1 ^0 S1 N7 z2 S9 a
3 }5 K( C: M! [$ ~. iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- O3 Q6 F3 t6 l4 [" u& p 133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 I$ r4 u! g5 a! p+ y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& k/ ]% C T4 Z2 i
135. Popular nonobedience) w1 P" D2 `$ m# F k' W
136. Disguised disobedience& w2 k& f) v4 D" K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse; J* t2 J% g% F7 s
138. Sitdown
7 B [! v5 ~. C' z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. ^+ z& ~. A7 ?# p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& s4 L0 @. a* Q1 Z Q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 @; O3 q. L+ C! a2 k J6 _
5 X1 U) W$ ?( S; {! D# D9 ?Action by Government Personnel f( i' E$ s- m4 V
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ h5 |8 Z g, C5 }, x- F O
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 b, u6 N& K3 ]$ H2 H8 i 144. Stalling and obstruction/ E/ T- N- ?" i# e1 [
145. General administrative noncooperation5 `0 R1 ~+ _$ j: f9 u" U
% z8 B7 c9 j% t
146. Judicial noncooperation* Y7 Z7 u* ~9 [# ?6 w4 b! j
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 B+ b: |/ q5 a/ M) \- r1 w; i 148. Mutiny7 n* _- B0 n1 K6 J0 a, j
Domestic Governmental Action& C& P7 r; o3 S7 m" ]% V5 I
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# K! C7 n8 m x0 b
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( w8 J& U. F5 f, ?% ? S Q- @
- @; K$ ]/ \$ B u0 c
International Governmental Action
6 v* x" S( ~) w1 `" }; q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 M0 \6 H/ I$ M7 U7 ~ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* c0 i& [' [& N' A& h5 N* r) j# i 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 O% |4 \) q" ]7 N( w3 z {
154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 K" `2 e# f4 J2 b2 G
155. Withdrawal from international organizations( x" c- a( @! Q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' G7 [1 y# C2 n$ e/ I! s, H 157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 ] Z M( X! i% _. R( ?! o J; C; z% n7 ~) ^
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 _! d1 N7 f8 B
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Psychological Intervention3 U! Z x. F5 p1 @4 j3 Z
158. Self-exposure to the elements
H+ g1 G1 L4 }6 u2 X; N) \; } 159. The fast9 s( X. L w0 C% W4 M
a) Fast of moral pressure
7 c" F9 H" p' l; S b) Hunger strike% A1 V8 W8 l {: \ G/ Q* F
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ E1 f( `0 p/ w2 U 160. Reverse trial
/ G" Y6 ?9 ~3 w, B1 f 161. Nonviolent harassment
8 n. u, B1 B1 t7 ?: M' y& V% N3 `: s! r; m0 s# E7 I
Physical Intervention+ F- {; O. b- i! Y8 t2 u
162. Sit-in5 g, w6 O8 N1 r- @ Z& _0 O8 ?
163. Stand-in
! E* Y* h/ E# Z9 G2 S& W1 @0 M' L 164. Ride-in
; C* h) |/ [9 `( ?6 K0 b 165. Wade-in
; T1 @8 T4 K+ S. u# D0 [% M 166. Mill-in
) q# w7 m: a* s 167. Pray-in
( R0 i4 Y- R4 r, R& ]6 v1 |2 r 168. Nonviolent raids3 Q4 P0 x/ V; n' R7 Z) r, h
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 D+ V0 _) l, m o+ h. a5 `4 ^ 170. Nonviolent invasion' {. M }0 K& d+ c
171. Nonviolent interjection) ]& y0 h$ ~, Z' }, Q. V) Y
172. Nonviolent obstruction
k2 M: `+ R& ^6 J) b# h% w 173. Nonviolent occupation6 H% C; T2 l$ y9 @% d
% \/ Q) y- r2 q2 M0 d
Social Intervention
; ~) j: S5 Z; \1 H- O3 ]6 d. E) S1 y 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ ]8 W) @6 m- | 175. Overloading of facilities$ \! d- u6 K! `7 T& h* [
176. Stall-in) c# s9 F9 T { H S
177. Speak-in
* V' T" X/ Q: F% I! n/ ] 178. Guerrilla theater
2 G! K1 M: q% e D- @ 179. Alternative social institutions: o1 E% ] } B+ N8 i; b; s
180. Alternative communication system2 l/ X: {6 P! ?5 o; |
- u" _" `5 y8 c/ k1 e/ XEconomic Intervention& C# m* c5 D0 U Z8 T3 b
181. Reverse strike
" f2 x' k3 w d* U; G. I+ T6 @ 182. Stay-in strike# ]6 ~) J I. i$ Y* R7 a! B% J
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 v0 v+ A' K! D& Z! F, o% l& _& @5 `7 p4 t6 T 184. Defiance of blockades" L0 d/ F% _$ a' Q! i% J
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! q3 A; s/ M0 Y* \ 186. Preclusive purchasing
. m+ [& |% k* W V+ L 187. Seizure of assets& O8 j4 {* w% d; h9 B7 c
188. Dumping& L e/ \6 t6 O0 B- d
189. Selective patronage
; ?: F" E6 v, T1 _ _- g% y& { 190. Alternative markets
: [$ m5 S4 ^% ]/ r* f0 P 191. Alternative transportation systems) y6 B( U. M+ b3 D, ^0 b
192. Alternative economic institutions
5 j/ L. K' a4 U% s' i) A
9 j) x W7 C" s2 Q) Z H+ d0 oPolitical Intervention
+ r% p% Y' W( D7 N 193. Overloading of administrative systems( E' w: u4 f5 e# J* _! Y0 [- t& n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 N7 D7 A: v. O6 j m: [ 195. Seeking imprisonment+ N4 P7 L7 H4 S3 ^
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 p" r* O+ s# Q# J$ h% ~# M
197. Work-on without collaboration
' n# f# b+ j" G) w* i" t 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ M% C, p- ^8 ]7 B/ V5 y$ v3 c# Q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
