 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! Z8 V2 w$ V1 B! g6 n7 \( gFormal Statements: a) ^# L, h N/ z$ ~! z l# H
1. Public Speeches/ ]6 S: q5 ]3 H: a7 c# }
2. Letters of opposition or support9 F/ O5 g4 e* k& V, |* f
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# q8 n. `) r2 x# I, a2 f9 D 4. Signed public statements( j) \, t- O* j+ S
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 ?& z9 u: I4 F6 }: h- _8 j& v" R 6. Group or mass petitions
" J% C% s5 W3 `* A: R$ `' t- g6 w1 {* N: u8 ^' q ?2 E) j8 ?& }: C
Communications with a Wider Audience
9 J1 z, N- O( Y7 g- e, T, v 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* P y( B- R: C" I& A- d
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications* N0 I! c# S( c! L4 Q9 g
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% }7 O$ }$ O1 z S+ {% p% |- g
10. Newspapers and journals# V7 k; x) I5 @, q
11. Records, radio, and television
+ |# E. \% O6 H2 I+ W) R 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
`0 e" C: o0 L0 X2 V
" Q. F* o' A. s+ r9 \1 ZGroup Representations8 [) H; s3 j {$ S9 r9 @
13. Deputations4 |4 X z7 A9 l/ u3 E4 m' k2 q
14. Mock awards
! n5 `7 H2 ~# r% M7 U5 F: o# c6 l 15. Group lobbying' C5 j9 d. f# ~8 S0 O
16. Picketing1 l8 Z d# V5 S
17. Mock elections
+ w; I- t, b2 [: R! _6 D, [
' x* X. c7 `; HSymbolic Public Acts- T0 w! i- i& U7 l" F) Y% ^5 {) C
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; s3 h' E) B# V
19. Wearing of symbols$ J8 ~' v8 N' l+ g
20. Prayer and worship; M% a6 R1 {9 q. R2 g2 v7 Y% Y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 u2 P i7 s, x: ~1 s! r* w- @, x* S0 ? 22. Protest disrobings! P2 x/ B* b& ]0 O: x/ d
23. Destruction of own property
! c. `/ s: \6 F3 A k7 C1 e 24. Symbolic lights
* M8 C5 ~6 Q' `; c 25. Displays of portraits
5 ]' }2 W h& L- d: l 26. Paint as protest
; V' _1 e5 Z9 Q2 b5 i0 e& D 27. New signs and names
$ y, k+ V: n, a' X 28. Symbolic sounds4 w; J# ~1 H& Y: q
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 P) h& g6 ?! W9 G9 p 30. Rude gestures, E* D# n& c P" l+ Z! ~5 {
* K) R) N3 r; M3 I, q3 pPressures on Individuals
6 \" k7 {3 t" K0 D9 ~0 S7 j; x 31. “Haunting” officials2 q4 o( n2 {8 ]; _2 T
32. Taunting officials
$ c& Z4 n5 d1 L7 P 33. Fraternization* @! A$ t W2 j+ L, `: ~/ z& m8 ^
34. Vigils8 \ N. s5 q0 G5 p3 m: {+ J
9 C: o3 {- N* ]% c* z
Drama and Music
. `! m7 R4 m) E& Q5 D 35. Humorous skits and pranks
. c/ S( M+ F; J6 E' o 36. Performances of plays and music
" G$ F. {4 H. s& o! K 37. Singing2 t( y2 }8 ?4 \$ `* c
5 i# t! `2 o6 _% S6 P0 e# a* U. EProcessions: _" ~- l& N* O1 Z: ~4 u6 Z# K9 N; N
38. Marches
* y- V0 `, m* C; l7 t 39. Parades
0 A) a* C, \, \ 40. Religious processions' z# z2 O# }: E3 h, V0 k1 }
41. Pilgrimages
5 M0 j5 a' h; C: S# W8 f 42. Motorcades5 {2 z: Y C2 @& E; q9 |7 Q
6 \4 P3 ^4 i3 S1 N& y1 R- j6 o; {
Honoring the Dead
7 h n6 o% k# I 43. Political mourning {4 i, C) y' s- r4 \* ]& e
44. Mock funerals
" u1 J2 c4 I! n" F 45. Demonstrative funerals
N M" V: p! X# n 46. Homage at burial places
3 ^" C. C3 Y1 v3 o2 ^4 U$ |5 G' q. z g
Public Assemblies
* v6 R& H2 V' ~8 o; T3 S 47. Assemblies of protest or support. ^ U* x% O: `6 q4 W
48. Protest meetings U& _5 [! m# m! X# q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. j* i* z F- j 50. Teach-ins1 F7 E% O" f& R: Q a" g5 u5 q
0 m2 P% W" n) d, nWithdrawal and Renunciation. T, A) k9 |4 Y: A4 @
51. Walk-outs/ K5 l3 e0 Y' E4 G' c
52. Silence$ d8 a% G2 D& ]* B; i
53. Renouncing honors! S, L# L% C/ c5 c+ p% X6 q6 ]
54. Turning one’s back( N7 j, C+ ^% Z2 u
3 C. S- ~: `2 h) I 0 `3 f: Q) [% s+ Y0 ^& {. [
4 d& e% N) j2 |' t( q4 ~THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- Y, u f F, H" ^: ~: h# \
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. j. J3 B- H: n+ P! l9 W7 E) W6 O( }) T1 v7 S. h- t$ S/ s0 I9 z3 [
Ostracism of Persons) w9 F, E7 d& j0 ?3 C6 s
55. Social boycott
0 y" v0 ~3 d: q w 56. Selective social boycott) w1 D/ O, S) F' E! ~. x
57. Lysistratic nonaction. u0 r2 K2 T5 [7 e: c4 @7 l
58. Excommunication
* _8 D0 D0 \: l- ^: Y) M1 q 59. Interdict. r. N9 b* l' Q* Z7 N
9 Z- Q, A3 x5 y1 Y3 s# LNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! @$ V2 l! _4 C, Y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities" n5 d4 X& R3 Y
61. Boycott of social affairs
3 w; K0 i, K- k; ~$ m 62. Student strike
9 G" p0 v/ R+ J6 `! E& k" n# ^! K4 S3 z 63. Social disobedience
}: y. c; ^6 |9 w& @1 e 64. Withdrawal from social institutions1 u+ p. J0 `4 r: m; q
( |/ C) }+ {- E: `! s4 p
Withdrawal from the Social System
; v+ i' L4 G W, p 65. Stay-at-home
9 h: v+ p0 x5 P4 c" j3 q0 D 66. Total personal noncooperation) q2 N/ h5 i2 _7 `( e# e- A9 l* r& C. T
67. “Flight” of workers% i, A. J9 v f6 p; m
68. Sanctuary2 B- {8 J$ P/ F
69. Collective disappearance
- S* @& H& S, l- v) R' n+ E 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ t2 C: w6 c9 k M8 r8 O5 p) O! W7 F5 l( O+ t& a: B) Q
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" E5 N( N9 @' O7 nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: V n6 d4 |4 j7 y$ g
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, n: {* P: e3 g1 V QActions by Consumers
/ i0 G$ E, ^+ }1 n 71. Consumers’ boycott
) Y4 R! ^0 W4 h% a! m 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 Z& B" t2 V0 N* Z' |' \1 I5 w7 K 73. Policy of austerity9 T7 n3 n0 {% a# U
74. Rent withholding: }: m$ n9 A5 D# [5 ~7 H- B
75. Refusal to rent* `8 G5 F# e% [+ }3 g
76. National consumers’ boycott) c: G+ b0 [9 S+ v* ^4 M* [
77. International consumers’ boycott' H( b [5 |0 Y
! {& w" w) ]5 `9 }. C
Action by Workers and Producers
8 b- q! R2 F) c9 k+ A; l, a7 r 78. Workmen’s boycott w: e1 l. I4 l$ i# z$ E" C4 [
79. Producers’ boycott
5 d# f0 O5 h9 ^. }( @
! }5 X5 G1 P- R6 T/ rAction by Middlemen3 E% c6 O7 |7 h( b5 K) K8 m4 i5 q6 S
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 [& k1 g3 b$ V+ J9 @) k$ S2 l2 e( P9 y- k1 K
Action by Owners and Management
6 I& q Y' M; i) \3 {. J8 o, ?" X 81. Traders’ boycott
[- b7 N# D/ o6 ?$ K" f3 y+ N 82. Refusal to let or sell property* }( M4 Z, z. _% N) m6 W9 W0 c
83. Lockout
3 s0 \2 r2 _/ d t. b5 I/ G" N 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' F& m8 x, m+ N 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 l9 A3 ~& G$ A9 W
: Z! f8 Y) `9 [+ l/ O$ X
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
8 }" f) \7 @* {' U$ L. Y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 t, x0 ~" P+ v8 \; @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 F. S6 c: Q7 e( q2 b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 u" f$ s: Y' V/ W- S4 {4 `: m( ?( x 89. Severance of funds and credit4 Z# J# u5 H# q* O6 n
90. Revenue refusal
+ b6 s7 A' g* q7 i 91. Refusal of a government’s money. c% R' b1 ]" x1 B8 C5 y& V+ `- E
7 l+ }, X1 W# y/ q6 f0 S
Action by Governments- _4 L. u4 v f) q5 J) ?, y
92. Domestic embargo; v, Z1 m! H# p# X) Q
93. Blacklisting of traders" [7 l( j4 i0 r+ {; j, [( R( D; O
94. International sellers’ embargo O8 g1 x6 N8 p7 g. C/ p3 t" m
95. International buyers’ embargo
* j/ E+ v7 r. j2 R8 m 96. International trade embargo7 k3 M6 e' p$ V6 U: w* p
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3 W+ B: K |# _) STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 v8 g( O( e+ x
: z9 N0 ?1 q5 N/ y
5 A( |+ I$ q' | _! b% u$ ~8 M! E, q2 nSymbolic Strikes
+ t1 Y( ^( }9 \2 _5 |2 a 97. Protest strike- j& _' l! X$ I. I% t
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): S! @- n- w6 X
5 m4 O8 l0 J6 I" Q/ T
Agricultural Strikes; s5 G) M" f0 @" V6 z" H O4 q
99. Peasant strike' F/ x2 g- c q
100. Farm Workers’ strike( S* {- ~( o- Q& h, a& X0 A
) H' _# Z% D1 f
Strikes by Special Groups
2 Z. Y4 L7 `4 t+ { m 101. Refusal of impressed labor
' J1 `5 j7 X1 r; ^$ x" U 102. Prisoners’ strike
1 Z' z* G/ }/ z5 t4 k& q 103. Craft strike
# H/ `/ b6 k* }4 u+ H 104. Professional strike/ B) O, m& o, J$ t
( e r5 p3 y2 R0 C e1 P8 ]
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
8 i: p2 k- }9 E- @$ R2 t* ~ 105. Establishment strike2 h# @; E: l, H& X6 l
106. Industry strike
* X+ C( @& J6 a7 V6 x# ` 107. Sympathetic strike
& w7 v$ ]% c+ S. T7 f' E; I: {: `: R+ P) n7 _5 ?- [ r( A- `
Restricted Strikes- I% l! U* m' L
108. Detailed strike' i& K! c) s. n- p# A7 _5 e+ t2 C1 n
109. Bumper strike
: E6 J/ D% d; B* p 110. Slowdown strike
/ m# o0 O, p7 t( l' y 111. Working-to-rule strike# N. C M3 n9 h- e3 {; r. i
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ g4 o4 w: y5 o% ?( y5 Y 113. Strike by resignation+ B# W& ~1 b, _5 @ `
114. Limited strike
# g) p4 E" u: t/ n( [! E5 B 115. Selective strike
) `$ ^* J) x! B* S! G5 {) _" T( j2 `1 A0 `# a& b- E8 x
Multi-Industry Strikes8 n6 n( y/ A% f+ \3 q, H
1 ]# R$ G3 J$ `. q! @- `) M" p
116. Generalized strike! c/ z$ c$ z& g: G' [
4 H |1 Y- z3 }: c8 } 117. General strike- ]# }4 K. M/ F5 h# o
) e7 O. s. R$ O6 O, U
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ P* a7 Z9 n" t1 ~3 i- N
9 P5 t$ s2 h7 [/ V; o4 v" P+ @: `
118. Hartal
' @$ {4 T! f* O7 F6 C: o, c$ Y, U8 T4 [$ e! h# D" B' L8 e
119. Economic shutdown9 d2 _; E# _; P/ h; I9 s S
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& |9 {4 Y8 j, I- S& i# x. J- d, N2 f4 Q' e$ N {/ u
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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; z5 S. d% c- h) r5 HRejection of Authority8 _! o1 |" [# W% m
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; k2 C; V' q5 f' M# p7 o, F 121. Refusal of public support
" g! b6 W: l) t% c 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 f; s2 @& }: n
, W/ D5 b8 L. x
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 g1 s3 {6 R1 }# }
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& F1 Y! I/ z- D( u0 l x
124. Boycott of elections2 C7 h9 @* v6 T) _
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) Z* t% O2 j' V, g" o1 ? 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ R( p( r$ J' n4 _
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" ]* W& Z; x, `2 q) v; T
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations H9 {; a3 | R( l
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 j, ?4 d$ V: N( `" P 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, [; ? c$ R( ?4 a3 N
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 b7 j7 o/ {: g: e4 N! ~, m 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ _, T' O' @% o$ x" } P# N
' u) |5 R2 D) K, r9 |1 Q$ iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 `7 h$ B- G4 N8 W! ?; U8 _+ X
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 G" T2 z! C% e1 K) z& q6 H 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 a, b6 z h' H8 w0 Z' _/ O q
135. Popular nonobedience
6 a: j7 H2 i* q5 ]; s. P 136. Disguised disobedience
/ S) y/ k5 Z, M0 x 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( [& z; K( E/ f) b9 M3 }/ e2 N 138. Sitdown
' W9 N7 V. Q; G; P7 I4 {2 n4 T. I 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! B8 y. [: s7 @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 C5 \/ \0 U# R5 x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, B ]' r# j0 W! W$ M
. J. K# \; v3 RAction by Government Personnel0 L3 k6 j5 n: S; C4 B
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ S* ~7 d& m2 I. |4 G' z0 H( s 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 p7 s5 P; z# x* G 144. Stalling and obstruction* g' r5 D: J D( w9 g
145. General administrative noncooperation
* P1 x& d/ S1 ]" C$ C2 D1 t
4 c+ S, v* m/ Y, e' J3 F/ u0 ^ 146. Judicial noncooperation
1 s: B: Z1 ]* B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: C- Q+ ^' `! ~) w" h+ {
148. Mutiny
9 o }4 i: J5 ]2 E& _6 A w9 i* I7 ]Domestic Governmental Action
/ S) J: ^9 X/ ~+ F. _8 ~ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ k3 x/ Y- u7 d8 g4 h 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- ^1 \7 }) U( R7 R- a0 l% K
7 `6 G2 [) b6 ^: Z1 H8 o. [International Governmental Action
7 j- w* Y( q. } 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. |, L+ o" ?0 U" N 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ K. s# s. D* z- O- F+ P) \ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; D2 O% u" ^- `! B$ t" {2 E: g( C
154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ J$ E7 N0 q6 d
155. Withdrawal from international organizations. l) s3 T" I& R% j1 H
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- i, B% r2 S4 O% f Y7 l% H1 q 157. Expulsion from international organizations
+ ~: X( S, r# C' ~/ h$ B/ J6 H6 B; j# @3 ], G$ f
# h# q" q7 }" @* Y2 `; V& o( E% j
g; N" D" M: L X, ?0 K9 ^+ ?( JTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 {9 f7 k+ G( K5 _, l
C1 y% d) x& ?% |
1 h9 [- I* @+ x5 O6 SPsychological Intervention
# o2 P w1 {2 \# E B. W3 m. c. D 158. Self-exposure to the elements
* O/ `: A! F, U' C7 Y0 l2 R 159. The fast
7 \# |; |# q& \9 F2 _ a) Fast of moral pressure- \7 u* O+ u/ J1 r
b) Hunger strike
! b. N/ V# e* U8 D9 V" I c) Satyagrahic fast# H+ O, ^( A2 q& L$ m
160. Reverse trial
) \$ t2 s' y( N$ R5 Q( | 161. Nonviolent harassment- c& H& a5 m) U: |3 S5 k
4 i) Q/ [0 S3 _! j! r
Physical Intervention* V# L! L1 i3 ^/ m6 h
162. Sit-in
" m. R/ S" Z# t# l 163. Stand-in
. R8 O* T3 N. h4 f+ G/ @* z 164. Ride-in; D0 ^3 k3 x' V& T5 S
165. Wade-in
# G& @* q4 f* l3 p 166. Mill-in! T; [7 ]! ?! L' y
167. Pray-in
* F/ c6 L$ j9 g0 a6 L" s! O 168. Nonviolent raids" E. \, n$ Z1 ]1 z* R& Y
169. Nonviolent air raids
; \1 O5 R/ i3 V5 S 170. Nonviolent invasion
1 \$ ~# T! g: N" L: N 171. Nonviolent interjection/ j; }0 P* R% e
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 }- |) y2 [: |6 A+ o$ w2 [
173. Nonviolent occupation
: q8 m2 V" }/ J2 T; e! d2 U' d$ S ?+ O( ~+ D T
Social Intervention- k4 a1 d a% r. i: ]
174. Establishing new social patterns
' x9 r7 ?4 }: E8 n 175. Overloading of facilities% Y! k* b8 h! R- H7 C. y
176. Stall-in2 X: W H- l K) P
177. Speak-in+ ^+ l/ l; _0 ^- \( n4 l
178. Guerrilla theater& p; X! r: S; H" b
179. Alternative social institutions
9 y9 {1 S8 S. P1 p! W3 b, e7 j" N 180. Alternative communication system
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! E6 K6 ~ I2 B4 K$ c3 uEconomic Intervention
4 I: v) R! i: k+ l 181. Reverse strike
1 z2 m% l! a0 h! Q; P1 L 182. Stay-in strike6 n$ O. [# `3 X j; ?
183. Nonviolent land seizure
, z Z" M$ m' A! P- n 184. Defiance of blockades ~2 G7 }9 X( ^) S# Z6 ?
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 @% h T% A- J+ h3 x2 H# _+ j
186. Preclusive purchasing& x2 T1 z. h6 W' p
187. Seizure of assets, Z* O; l& y: O k
188. Dumping& M N3 H. R( @7 A
189. Selective patronage k5 }: O2 J1 B# v6 ^+ G/ Y
190. Alternative markets
0 W) w- z$ u3 J p$ j8 R/ X4 U, d; J' X 191. Alternative transportation systems
( Q4 b S9 h7 a) h g9 R/ s 192. Alternative economic institutions
: |* D. o# h: F6 b( o$ O7 p8 I- L5 F1 ?6 T
Political Intervention. x O; _* z+ `* r! R
193. Overloading of administrative systems' J( l2 u. C1 E3 E; {5 \ G: I; b
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ M# G. ^* c6 s8 o" }: j! O
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 z' K* R+ p4 J" Q3 e8 m' i: [; U 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws( x& Q" l$ s7 E! q; U' l
197. Work-on without collaboration
$ P4 q. }9 Y) t, i) i 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
