 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 j1 {- c2 A+ v# I4 `/ O q, gFormal Statements2 M' e3 W3 D: L$ m* ~& m; u
1. Public Speeches3 t1 M1 x4 g! _+ X8 q
2. Letters of opposition or support
5 e t0 O+ K- P2 I( ` 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
) T O% G8 G2 A! O3 F6 ?2 y' w 4. Signed public statements
& E) S" q( [ j+ ?+ B9 _5 g 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! r. E! ]7 N2 H/ \ 6. Group or mass petitions
1 O2 u: n, |% W/ z2 a' a/ ^: q! \8 @' u! ?; ^6 ]
Communications with a Wider Audience
# w, j- j( k+ `, h% M0 k# g 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 H( C' x3 D7 a$ }! L
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! O; }. W$ k# c* }5 S/ p; L 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% t n2 J K* P- Q
10. Newspapers and journals" F. y$ B7 m( l w- U" n) d5 V
11. Records, radio, and television# M3 w. w& [ B) O( \/ ]& y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 k, l s6 d& N4 `: b1 K2 g
" H/ [' L2 f$ W! H0 f; W
Group Representations' d! d% S0 i+ U& f T. U- _
13. Deputations
! c, n* J& _- z; q$ h# Y' {- c8 D 14. Mock awards, d3 [2 h E( e! D& m
15. Group lobbying
% |( P8 L6 b0 a 16. Picketing0 h/ B2 L0 l6 {9 }' a
17. Mock elections
* }4 E# J2 V, {4 s5 \0 \
$ G+ |- {3 }; ]! y- u7 aSymbolic Public Acts
$ J5 d8 X- r$ t* m) z N- C 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& M* _' q9 h- F1 k
19. Wearing of symbols8 ?$ O8 ]( A3 ?" W! ?' Z
20. Prayer and worship
! ~ f E& v9 l. Q0 y 21. Delivering symbolic objects8 C8 E4 C R7 U' G& ^
22. Protest disrobings/ U5 l2 T% a- S' E/ `
23. Destruction of own property
% F% j; y$ E2 v+ @7 d* R 24. Symbolic lights# B* ^9 f Z! V
25. Displays of portraits
" X% C4 y' `% r. j7 Z+ k 26. Paint as protest2 m: S5 [; R+ Z5 O; A4 y* X
27. New signs and names4 M2 \. D7 m3 t* s% c; A/ l. t
28. Symbolic sounds
; K, u ?$ ^& l 29. Symbolic reclamations7 z+ S% p1 \3 D' s
30. Rude gestures
t( _3 |/ f* V: I9 ~3 y2 x3 c, n% g/ H+ C9 n
Pressures on Individuals$ L3 p8 P) k. i) |' z8 `# e) u+ j$ T
31. “Haunting” officials
8 Q) D& ]# _7 M" _! g" {( E$ L2 y5 @, j 32. Taunting officials( e; N* |* T, o, b) ~. e
33. Fraternization
7 ]# P/ c% v8 Z# e0 ?* [ 34. Vigils
* C% s, m' P" b8 v+ n: O0 h \# G" _) u/ g8 f: E9 I. m
Drama and Music
) Q* d& P/ x# h: Y- y! ]8 y/ m 35. Humorous skits and pranks9 B- E3 ]' V+ w2 I% ~' p
36. Performances of plays and music
. {: j. u0 {' Q3 D5 P9 D 37. Singing, y7 p/ S! G, p( A% D$ w
. f. \* C q9 {7 EProcessions
" v/ l6 j+ n, y: y 38. Marches
1 i% a6 ~; ?2 |0 h 39. Parades
0 ]# b, G4 b! U9 C7 z" i 40. Religious processions
7 Q8 g( J0 n% c* o, ]& v; l 41. Pilgrimages! Y; \0 j* ~& z8 G* s( c3 b5 n
42. Motorcades! h& ?7 z$ N) d$ e
! x' K6 i- l" Z7 ]
Honoring the Dead
. B2 `* H0 l" R k 43. Political mourning
, k6 L3 f0 Z0 z# t" _5 G) O8 C8 m 44. Mock funerals
, ?) _+ Y% l8 Z* H 45. Demonstrative funerals
4 `. ?; m9 I. q! w1 ]! ` 46. Homage at burial places
) ?# h. z) x) W3 J6 V: k6 y h p* m
Public Assemblies0 C- C( L; Q; ]" Z0 Q" x
47. Assemblies of protest or support
! b- G; c w0 F" |, z2 u 48. Protest meetings% E$ G- l i5 W, u
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, Y9 r( l' ]$ Q2 J( [' V6 w2 g 50. Teach-ins
0 u- K; T7 u4 s" a; U6 z: t9 G; h0 m" x; ~) P) T& V0 k; A9 ~
Withdrawal and Renunciation
* L) j* `" `( z' |; ?3 V' E5 l, y 51. Walk-outs. V; x" `( \1 i; m% k9 S* Y
52. Silence
) {9 Q/ i) P- V5 |: I) ~; l9 u$ w 53. Renouncing honors
. }, L4 B6 k! i 54. Turning one’s back
9 {8 L1 g7 H' {& Y3 ]( [2 T; ~, H
9 F/ }: {6 e8 s. u0 X; J; Z
( q- V6 x! W& f2 P3 _( Y3 {! [# a0 {5 q$ ~
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- K( r; N) l" o/ K: ~8 t
5 I* |0 a% _. K1 S7 O
7 @+ T& f, H" @4 y) ]
: g' L }! ?- K3 m! G2 NOstracism of Persons" t$ h* J1 R8 ` b' Y
55. Social boycott
3 d% \* r8 Z# g9 R 56. Selective social boycott
' v3 h6 D2 _5 {) A' X- h 57. Lysistratic nonaction, } o& H" U u7 K
58. Excommunication
1 ~, W- ~) \: Z) ^ 59. Interdict
& {& Z, |! b j9 |$ W+ R/ L4 z( }; q) |# u
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 n* J) ^$ }5 m8 k# K% G
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, {, z* D+ M4 h' f1 Q | 61. Boycott of social affairs
0 k" P% `$ Z) u8 D9 B: L 62. Student strike
: P. h4 g7 E) B8 ^ 63. Social disobedience
) _9 d, }% S- ^) o& E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& `( N) M; s. ~, I, ^, x( ^, e
4 c, j7 C; F& x8 PWithdrawal from the Social System0 F/ B$ {1 v4 o9 o. H
65. Stay-at-home
4 T" B/ n! j# P. \! X. k; Y 66. Total personal noncooperation
) N9 }: B" \3 {2 j& v" M# \/ \ 67. “Flight” of workers2 W C2 Y; ^' A# y, g
68. Sanctuary8 e) G& M6 @; O6 b5 Y
69. Collective disappearance8 e" O$ p) _, e. h- n2 \6 G
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 O# w) l) J6 W# | I9 o
8 @' `% \0 T$ S& z7 C3 U* q# m
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: C& D% m3 Q5 d3 h8 n% cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 ?+ o0 G' B, E- b6 N
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( j7 t2 `8 p5 ^, J% zActions by Consumers9 k7 h) t8 x; s0 X3 x
71. Consumers’ boycott0 |/ M; v! L( X
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# i2 r7 @) y8 T) F5 T
73. Policy of austerity
; Q. r3 W- ~) y" j, x 74. Rent withholding
7 Z( f/ M, z* ^% k! C 75. Refusal to rent2 p/ {& `. z8 s: t" z3 ?7 l) c
76. National consumers’ boycott! p5 H/ }( J* S* K/ @. s
77. International consumers’ boycott( C: x( g. h2 T' [' E
X' O+ Z: E6 DAction by Workers and Producers+ r. d. B s/ T$ Q1 B# m# Q$ {; y
78. Workmen’s boycott7 {% s% x' t' {
79. Producers’ boycott
/ ~- W! X4 }1 S' D. T, w( R: l2 G/ L0 ]) F) `9 {4 f& I
Action by Middlemen4 Z& E8 J3 ~/ J) V
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- V: T' z6 T3 Z R1 O/ i- q
/ Z3 u2 u' l- y$ B5 B; L1 CAction by Owners and Management7 S% o! S, x2 o) f0 k8 l1 K0 U
81. Traders’ boycott; \$ G7 a& z k2 b; G( H% @$ p
82. Refusal to let or sell property
& R" Z6 w0 ]+ B9 p' x! J( [ 83. Lockout
1 @5 Y/ i) R, J x 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- j) f: h$ y* l1 d% e G 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ H! `5 ~9 c8 u2 h! z( z G+ X' R, s* R: o/ t
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 r) f1 N- G6 t5 e7 v
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ l0 q6 z9 Y" {% g' ^0 e
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& D8 _4 x/ g% Y" I4 B+ C/ p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! k7 c' I/ `, H( h6 W" n
89. Severance of funds and credit+ v ^) G4 _4 \0 I2 i
90. Revenue refusal
) C* T5 V- v% f m/ J 91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ M4 u7 W& y2 d; ?/ k+ @/ A2 m, l4 f, E+ f" V6 E
Action by Governments
- v3 k. [& a! ?% A: Y: f0 n# g- @# r 92. Domestic embargo
6 s+ ^; G6 N+ b% e$ Z- G" G 93. Blacklisting of traders0 o" q1 _/ ^6 X8 r2 p
94. International sellers’ embargo/ a9 @9 ?; d. E! M* a
95. International buyers’ embargo6 `( Z& C6 a/ _! Q0 H4 N2 r
96. International trade embargo
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8 H. v( {3 I+ D2 L( N% iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; n6 g- S9 n5 _0 j5 i+ J
5 W2 p4 \0 ^4 ^+ f, V9 U
8 }8 c8 d6 h- N- R# c& q! P
Symbolic Strikes7 K8 |, Q* e* o& j
97. Protest strike
# C9 Q# a4 E6 B% ^1 x 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
& U: ^" {9 N+ q; e1 W \6 x0 E: Q
: N* f' }. L, ]) l# K6 S( _Agricultural Strikes
5 Z0 ?% r% |" T$ D( |5 I 99. Peasant strike
1 i. p& v* y0 k$ W; o 100. Farm Workers’ strike
% f" u7 b7 `9 d, |4 r! Q% g
6 W: a3 J, ?7 r! JStrikes by Special Groups L9 Q' w# I. H- |, ~: I9 T) `; V, V
101. Refusal of impressed labor( i/ F/ S+ W1 A* P8 M
102. Prisoners’ strike' @3 B; _% M6 I) N
103. Craft strike8 M0 e" k' M# ^$ V8 S1 C+ _
104. Professional strike
9 x; O, H4 u0 a3 D6 |- _% P1 E9 o% Y8 X% D0 X5 `1 O
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 {% F5 h& \- `+ e6 |# ?$ f
105. Establishment strike
: B! K" H9 M" H* A 106. Industry strike/ E$ c' r! Z" L. w5 t. y# N" E
107. Sympathetic strike8 F l, Q W% K1 ]8 x7 f0 r
+ J, r, ?- f B. j! \+ a, v
Restricted Strikes
5 v1 E' Y. q/ S8 d9 M* v) T 108. Detailed strike
: N! E# [- A8 ~( g 109. Bumper strike3 I: P6 L" c; a% V
110. Slowdown strike
# n0 z; k# ?6 u0 p 111. Working-to-rule strike6 n+ z3 e' N- ~7 [% q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- \ J& @# G2 w- Q$ C# ^ 113. Strike by resignation
# M* Y, \& ]: K' T5 @( n$ E( o$ e& _9 _ 114. Limited strike
6 K5 V* G* @1 Q# o P# }1 L 115. Selective strike$ ^. K" L* o$ V% F2 s) r! M
* w* D3 |9 h& c7 Y/ k. r
Multi-Industry Strikes
! a" I. i# x2 A/ @, y. N* K- V2 n& p8 f7 @# H
116. Generalized strike2 H* P9 h. |9 X; U( r; P, z
* @2 B% `% |/ K& k- H
117. General strike( C: w J) c/ {2 [
: j' F4 Q* |0 t6 H' \
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ O5 p% W1 u- u$ g; S0 l% s4 u
$ C0 {; g* Z, f' C/ s0 J8 a% H6 N 118. Hartal6 }2 V9 ~) [# D- W$ x' ?
* @0 z, a* ~5 u$ W
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 ~% d7 T" j9 {' L/ x4 m P- cRejection of Authority! ]( _6 q3 w# {
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ ?* O3 _5 E1 R" ~" z% [
121. Refusal of public support
9 H3 {3 k/ R: P( m; e3 f9 V* O 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
& D$ {: I* U p' e) z; g" P
3 P' Y4 F9 _/ w! r$ uCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: Y' G' Z5 `/ R0 Y! [ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 s% `: @: J. ~% ]
124. Boycott of elections+ o$ Z3 h2 v2 l2 X
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) D+ P( |4 X' p* Y! C 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& G; B. R* P( Q% v. q0 B
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( l& E W9 J( e, h) @+ Y 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; |, x& N, h5 J$ q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; k/ O d O; G9 ^3 J( }0 ~3 y, P
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 H7 N# v; V+ u$ d7 R6 v7 @ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& B" _- P% d# {5 ~ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# a7 l A5 ]6 C0 O" i0 k
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 t- c# u1 Z, ~0 ^ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; X/ j$ H4 F3 p4 M& \% L* g) }
135. Popular nonobedience6 u( q9 y Y& \4 j3 K
136. Disguised disobedience
4 A, o0 v. ~3 |+ f 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% W7 R& c l# f, F
138. Sitdown4 \+ ^# i* ]% g# y7 W$ Y6 t5 z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 P' _' I! P( y3 l$ M
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; D: Z0 m/ T, u9 q: n 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 f4 H$ B% |$ }. Q. l4 N5 L
2 m& R; C! q( p' J; [Action by Government Personnel; i) r9 a. P2 Z) [$ D
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- ~! p3 ` G3 e ~9 I0 J
143. Blocking of lines of command and information ?, W8 w6 F l- u' @+ l. K, B- l& U
144. Stalling and obstruction
% `: L( F X/ E/ \ 145. General administrative noncooperation
- B( h3 j( _5 A
( U- r$ D( z/ l1 ?- e, f1 Z1 e 146. Judicial noncooperation1 X& g+ K& C. L; j8 K
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 ~6 R$ Z+ v$ G3 F" G$ N 148. Mutiny
. }( l1 D; D( v( z6 jDomestic Governmental Action1 ^0 W8 C( ^( a7 x g
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; W8 z; y7 L/ ~' N) d% i
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# p5 O7 f4 j1 z' [; F* t7 |3 g' F% n9 i0 u! _, `
International Governmental Action8 V" Z" }/ u! \0 a. W' m" n6 o7 m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' r' v! M- s5 R I8 |3 O- ?3 \7 m 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 \; Q& T2 ~$ E3 p+ g3 b# G+ f
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 k, |$ {* ^1 m* M/ J% f& \
154. Severance of diplomatic relations# l: A4 M9 Y* @
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) ]1 b5 d, d# U# Z, C# Q* G 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% H! U7 k9 p# S; V! u
157. Expulsion from international organizations
9 Y6 k8 L/ x5 W9 \" b2 c9 s0 |, [3 I& f; ]( r7 z* R# I/ N
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 B2 V! O' ]: ` S+ g u- E/ P# b$ P: P# K1 d* E! a9 B& }# [
/ ]7 E/ M3 k/ z' A% sPsychological Intervention( _2 W9 @; A1 S# U
158. Self-exposure to the elements- B- D( E1 W# B( {
159. The fast* y b5 w$ N' S4 k; Z5 ]
a) Fast of moral pressure# e1 L6 W. Q+ ?8 E
b) Hunger strike
& ~( s, h3 z( I$ ~: R c) Satyagrahic fast
9 I8 j: _, k) l; v8 ` 160. Reverse trial
- [/ t8 t; s( n 161. Nonviolent harassment
0 P' v1 }+ d9 `) F3 _
7 g) ^ ], n Z5 R4 `Physical Intervention9 ^: [. n# C- N# Z5 \5 @) X
162. Sit-in7 S2 u+ z; H( j3 g6 H
163. Stand-in
4 D6 S: E+ d U' I 164. Ride-in/ v2 e7 g7 V0 N/ l
165. Wade-in
) \) }5 z1 O: L# k6 I 166. Mill-in8 T) M7 Y, v5 O! V
167. Pray-in1 H8 J* w' I6 p7 ]2 U
168. Nonviolent raids5 a9 h% S5 T7 |
169. Nonviolent air raids
8 B" t( X0 v+ Z% x5 p 170. Nonviolent invasion
+ e" q6 ?) z8 ?& E) E5 I+ v! |2 O 171. Nonviolent interjection
& b) G# x; z! v0 I 172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 X7 Z* k) B/ C. e 173. Nonviolent occupation
- `0 [6 X8 E- V
- k! Z4 @" N8 ?" D, H% L2 KSocial Intervention+ e) ]+ D3 \+ D |9 x
174. Establishing new social patterns
s3 x0 P# J; K6 A# m" _0 m 175. Overloading of facilities
8 d( G! \" m' f% X* _. u$ C 176. Stall-in$ ~9 t- x( z5 y* W1 } u, ]
177. Speak-in
, |! R6 E" q. b0 h' r3 m! n 178. Guerrilla theater8 F" ^) F7 c4 q" v
179. Alternative social institutions
+ Y" g) F) ^: B6 A3 e: U: c 180. Alternative communication system+ P6 T1 w; V, t+ t' q
& x7 ^; s4 d2 i2 l5 pEconomic Intervention
Q2 O+ Z" r/ N0 V( ~2 a( d 181. Reverse strike
# S3 ?# [7 Y% Y/ q# ? 182. Stay-in strike0 f5 {2 Q0 |/ u
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& h: U* q C; A 184. Defiance of blockades
- t) s/ k' X, N, [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; j0 _& o. W- s& R 186. Preclusive purchasing
" o/ a! ~1 ~$ }0 E+ V 187. Seizure of assets
; m0 v, U' ~" S I& i7 {/ I 188. Dumping
( W' H5 p# b7 X3 i 189. Selective patronage# H9 R2 \0 F1 I2 T* t# T
190. Alternative markets9 ~; P K% {/ r4 _4 E/ U% q* Z% u
191. Alternative transportation systems
, Y" @- h- Z+ K/ g 192. Alternative economic institutions! c" B+ }; B) h
- R; |8 ?6 ?5 j% z
Political Intervention
' b6 ~6 l0 f. s K 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 K0 c+ G0 r2 Y& b 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 V; \0 M; W# w5 H' D) w7 e 195. Seeking imprisonment$ r4 Y. s G( a1 _! J' o" ^5 v) o
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 g' j8 j3 Y( }8 C6 k/ | 197. Work-on without collaboration1 b/ c( M x* Q/ ]6 L
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* q' n7 j( }5 u+ w# H8 S& l+ m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
