 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
N- m. ?: I+ G$ B7 dFormal Statements
$ y$ O9 K; f- {6 _5 W1 K3 e 1. Public Speeches" K; K$ P. E# m0 a W
2. Letters of opposition or support
* e# A& ?4 \2 O* |8 O6 @ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& L2 q* A; q, r C 4. Signed public statements
8 i3 y o {$ j6 J( _ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 @; H+ T3 G* L2 R! Z
6. Group or mass petitions7 d/ q4 A( w! p6 D% b( Q! M! M9 k
F& G e$ o' K
Communications with a Wider Audience
' \( g# S; C7 @9 @- t& z+ H 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 O* K; r* X4 D& E: R4 i 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ l b3 V! I3 q/ j L0 Q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ h' b) f+ D; Z: g- `% Y 10. Newspapers and journals, T# m& p8 M% ?: b, u
11. Records, radio, and television' X. G! J: w4 {, G- l8 }) l
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- R0 b" r1 |6 K3 `7 J2 |5 l# p: {( o& K! t4 N
Group Representations( g: K: G8 y/ a" o6 h+ B3 K$ ?
13. Deputations
0 m5 O6 s& }$ a X Y! j 14. Mock awards5 i2 n0 P) f' |- p# ]1 |) S+ [
15. Group lobbying
' Q/ s- b/ ^! W* z. \2 c 16. Picketing
7 t, g+ C) X8 L2 P: @" r. W 17. Mock elections$ E5 [' X. l8 w' t g9 W
1 A1 K4 U& J1 _8 u' M5 n1 ^( y
Symbolic Public Acts7 `! s$ C6 S5 o
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 i7 k6 _$ I$ G( s 19. Wearing of symbols9 m& J# z( C- b
20. Prayer and worship9 g' F) s0 \4 r9 f
21. Delivering symbolic objects, p& g7 x. h7 J5 l+ s# I$ ~0 S" Q
22. Protest disrobings. }+ n# v) [3 D" p$ [
23. Destruction of own property
4 Y# z1 e( z2 K% ^+ N9 J3 n, @" J& n 24. Symbolic lights
: B6 _% W4 [3 E9 f, V. w 25. Displays of portraits4 K) p4 a. u. z% F& G) F
26. Paint as protest
9 A1 |; M( T! N, J- c6 ^& o 27. New signs and names8 F# G+ _; C3 ~& H0 O# t4 M7 x
28. Symbolic sounds0 u1 `/ P) D2 K8 ?3 H& z
29. Symbolic reclamations0 J, ^( \: l9 R6 k0 [: S5 m! _" s
30. Rude gestures2 A& I$ c) W9 `" ?7 @4 v" Q2 r
% y( f) f& [2 C5 Q5 U
Pressures on Individuals
% v2 t' L& v8 H& C5 K 31. “Haunting” officials
$ G! J6 B0 n5 f6 P4 G1 ` 32. Taunting officials
; [* {% q. J4 }+ G 33. Fraternization
' M) D, |* s2 Z! H0 h. \ 34. Vigils+ g8 G+ `/ L5 ?2 z4 E
% U7 s8 J8 B( n+ ]. ~Drama and Music
4 s& t- b3 m/ o7 B8 p. a: b 35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 O" x% x& J# ^. z, e! ~+ {: y 36. Performances of plays and music% {/ o- D B. i. I; Y- f3 M
37. Singing
4 R$ b6 B: |- R4 A
3 N0 h" B! s, ?" fProcessions
* f% H, P! j2 x- L0 h1 Q 38. Marches4 ?5 ` M3 ^2 Z5 J
39. Parades
9 a. n/ t2 L6 D4 T* ? 40. Religious processions' {# c# S+ r4 Q3 e+ ?
41. Pilgrimages7 ^! H; K# e) P* d
42. Motorcades
4 o. b$ }0 j; w% [
% M- K6 c; ~$ j- a3 B4 qHonoring the Dead# b% m1 j: p9 e. d4 m* m2 E
43. Political mourning
' }3 Y, c+ O w; S: S$ L 44. Mock funerals
; W3 O1 x- t) u0 \8 f 45. Demonstrative funerals7 v. Z; d3 {; H) E0 q. ~+ g
46. Homage at burial places: |0 n' o, l: W
* c `' f1 d/ K' w9 s$ T0 j' S9 aPublic Assemblies
8 M% S# L6 G9 A7 n5 g8 r8 `, N 47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 y! ?/ {( ~ s+ p8 x# A# [. |" H 48. Protest meetings
& O/ a5 ` n% K 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& _, h. D4 b" _# g4 q, R: a
50. Teach-ins9 Q- R) H9 D. x! E+ E
# ]2 D2 f# a3 `7 C* ^- }Withdrawal and Renunciation4 X& Q! T3 ]4 B
51. Walk-outs
, H- ]6 y+ a/ H5 }) n" v 52. Silence8 j, k7 @7 i) S7 i" t
53. Renouncing honors
9 I6 U) N- M+ p' F$ b. T5 g 54. Turning one’s back
' f$ L0 {8 _- `; W: d$ A8 h, k( ]1 d8 Z4 {6 V
& h: [* N& S+ h7 o6 [& |" D
; z9 C Y5 I, C7 e* L
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
- J' Z5 i5 l& [: D' E5 N+ L- R+ V/ V" i& g; Y/ \0 U
! t: t% A% S7 T( x
_9 _: b7 C0 ?" c! FOstracism of Persons
: g0 g8 K$ _ F5 R5 _; _. C 55. Social boycott
" b; ^2 o* C! l. Z8 Y& B 56. Selective social boycott( x$ \8 F; u( e. o1 P, }& m
57. Lysistratic nonaction9 J( d) w7 z# O4 ]0 ~
58. Excommunication9 z, o& N3 R5 G2 l7 `5 c" z: ~
59. Interdict
- k; x4 T% |$ s' n! Q
2 m' Z; ?% Q; z8 YNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 Y& T: q! {& g5 j1 r4 ^ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ H0 N0 {% ?& w4 E6 y1 w7 N 61. Boycott of social affairs; p! t+ P! g% x- G z4 s
62. Student strike/ U7 }3 R) ~$ @2 I8 u+ K3 V0 T
63. Social disobedience2 @8 i' }/ P9 K) Q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% w+ [4 V$ m2 {8 A& }9 _! G; w. c+ _9 j! s
Withdrawal from the Social System
o9 I6 m: k+ h" L- `9 p 65. Stay-at-home
5 S, H( ]) v# p, s 66. Total personal noncooperation/ m" G2 g" l$ T0 M5 t
67. “Flight” of workers+ O3 R; X" U: H
68. Sanctuary, y% B d) V: k% d* r7 J
69. Collective disappearance7 z/ j) ?' p) T; }6 O0 \, A
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
# T! X* x, i' R, i2 H/ P& Q+ m% r5 a$ s8 v
! p! X, X( K3 D& S( P; }+ Z* m$ m( q0 n
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 Z4 M5 w. B' y r+ \
7 u/ j! Y. h; Y1 @) i2 f. j
2 T! r& @$ B- y6 @6 [Actions by Consumers3 y1 x) m. Z' L5 T
71. Consumers’ boycott; }/ U0 s/ W1 U+ O* I5 j
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( W! a0 V% L+ V4 V! J- T 73. Policy of austerity
: L: P" k5 x; y. Z7 d D 74. Rent withholding
# g6 h: Z: H4 @6 {5 e8 d 75. Refusal to rent
: X8 Q. H* n1 k2 @' v" }# i 76. National consumers’ boycott: A( i! K/ Z* |4 i
77. International consumers’ boycott
; g1 M. X' |: K" w% Y8 C
}( m: ]' i( p0 Z% I4 x* KAction by Workers and Producers
" q, N6 z R- F! o# C 78. Workmen’s boycott
( ]2 G% X' y- Q- R- h 79. Producers’ boycott
# A. m7 H4 a8 t( x0 x7 L8 p9 l) P! ?8 l
Action by Middlemen7 G5 W6 O t' E7 |
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 x2 Z4 x w8 ~
: [3 E1 @0 w6 J5 G4 ^! cAction by Owners and Management3 b; ?4 H& e' I, [& G! r
81. Traders’ boycott
" [0 o. o0 O( n$ D% F- B 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 Q: K& t2 A- f" M) A7 t6 o 83. Lockout
: D" {8 G( |: O) r3 X/ A 84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 e- {( b3 y, w% I8 o; _& V
85. Merchants’ “general strike”: h9 e* F6 V$ q4 ]; {
5 Y6 L( }* u% A3 J! w- R* U M; R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 q& y, ]1 C) }( x 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" k8 J j" O% Z( c( _
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" U! i! v/ g T3 G 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ I6 O- q1 n) d# Z0 ], O1 i, o
89. Severance of funds and credit; a) G( E( a* ~3 p" p, T3 r6 a
90. Revenue refusal
9 m, O* s; u) {( {. F 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 B$ M9 C E5 g
5 B& ~- T I- mAction by Governments+ g( h2 T4 O0 J$ D# I4 C
92. Domestic embargo
& c2 I4 H" B0 u w4 [ 93. Blacklisting of traders6 H& Q3 J* z h8 @( Q. Z
94. International sellers’ embargo# t# m" X. r6 |2 ?2 K
95. International buyers’ embargo
; H0 b' T- U2 H5 E 96. International trade embargo6 j1 N' K# [3 D- E" \5 ]" \6 `! P
6 s. d7 @4 ^) _3 P7 d
1 ?' E7 {4 H! ~" H+ W6 T! x+ y5 w
+ t6 z* Y, N' U2 x, ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
- x1 T1 `, D$ _5 x) Y" u% T" w( V8 \2 r4 n R4 f B9 [* H' I
+ H3 p2 _- P6 r7 O5 X8 S, E5 V/ }4 C
Symbolic Strikes1 P! `0 \, U, \" n5 a
97. Protest strike
7 K+ U J! S; N$ Q, K0 j 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% {% e; l& g' u& ]/ x J* X8 n! b
; t5 P5 U8 u* mAgricultural Strikes( M2 y: s, H! k5 x/ {
99. Peasant strike
, \8 G; r p1 o9 k. { 100. Farm Workers’ strike, M; A9 z! i( {) V1 C- x
0 x% ^, G0 i! ~# X: ~0 `. y( u1 w; mStrikes by Special Groups
i2 i& H& X- W/ S 101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 t" @: a# s: U: c8 M0 ^6 d. J 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 p& Q8 K# J- _+ o) x3 G 103. Craft strike
9 [/ U0 t( [2 {* x- G8 w 104. Professional strike% D& p4 v; [( n/ b' ^# k
/ d) ~8 H. O5 I8 K! G& N' k
Ordinary Industrial Strikes' X- i- j; I) q8 V; q- c; K, H
105. Establishment strike
! ?$ F- d) S6 T+ C 106. Industry strike
& `5 \3 b0 L5 g& } 107. Sympathetic strike% n! C: }9 c$ ]) n
9 ?% D) G1 k P3 c. s# ?Restricted Strikes6 Y2 g; B$ m8 L" d. n) p' A
108. Detailed strike, k- S7 C5 I1 C/ ]* H
109. Bumper strike
3 Q; ^* r# c0 o/ T 110. Slowdown strike) j0 [4 U' l0 s i
111. Working-to-rule strike8 {: Z, @) T& L! C+ A! E8 `
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ e( s# U$ z( J" t1 l! ?$ N 113. Strike by resignation! N5 j0 m# ]; r' J
114. Limited strike
" _5 t5 G; x) s# z V, e( z 115. Selective strike) V. z9 ^" }9 @3 c% P8 _) {4 @3 U
; y& J4 e, j; V6 ?" Q
Multi-Industry Strikes: c! P! B) U5 A5 i9 Q
- ~; s4 |/ R8 b3 I- }
116. Generalized strike
0 f! N" A* e/ F7 @: c
+ K( I' G. u) t7 M n 117. General strike0 b2 d! v1 D ~
2 Z0 W! ^! ~/ W3 ~8 z. E
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures, l* ~# Q) c3 Q- Y) i- x6 \
3 E, w1 l A9 M" L0 V9 @, T
118. Hartal2 |; d8 {& y* h- N" @* r
/ {" q% N9 T! Q9 h 119. Economic shutdown
* [7 u# F! q; v& r1 E3 F( J4 B; u( J& p2 d' Z9 P8 E+ O1 y& |
7 Q* H: ~8 ]$ J9 A! j: k0 ]0 L, D4 g+ w) T3 @( t3 Y
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: |# e7 ?, Z1 [& v
5 o/ Z: n9 C* a9 W% F2 c
2 v/ \7 c: u6 `( |, ERejection of Authority
$ y* b- n( ]" k, f1 `9 J$ J" M 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# J3 g k( X% ^; q
121. Refusal of public support2 A- Z8 G% t* W4 C" M1 u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 `! z2 k: A$ z, X, R2 Y
- a3 |0 F! d& x9 u0 R" [& F: e
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! s8 f9 {$ a) G/ b+ `% v2 K
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
0 p; W; I& T' r- c 124. Boycott of elections- u* w) m% {7 h, U7 w7 B; A
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 ] l4 ^# F/ u& }7 R6 N- F 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies7 Z. M, C" G, d
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 c, h! a* v" k: o) u7 }6 l O: g5 S
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) X3 V6 b4 U* z0 u1 Z. H
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 h( Z7 D* u' ?( e' K
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! z$ _9 L. G" j% {% ?6 s
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; R7 ?* w+ B9 ^% k- R
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. I" h" J5 W. x4 F, y% F) k7 C1 k8 ?( {1 h8 F$ j3 i5 T' N2 I
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) D0 Z6 D0 a( z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 S' J2 g2 e6 {1 w8 @6 b0 Q! O 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
S$ M& ?9 ]3 h- d% o 135. Popular nonobedience
6 O4 }/ y9 p/ B 136. Disguised disobedience
8 n7 L# T0 V# g' n% f& y2 J9 B 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, g- s* J) A& M6 d
138. Sitdown( L* R: t5 M" ?
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 B' s# X9 L; i' Z# E L7 f. x 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& I# Y) k# |! v 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ v/ o8 B* l% ]; ?, r
' o8 [3 _8 x9 a. ?+ `# N5 z% jAction by Government Personnel
. Q' x7 P q, ^. D: z3 P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: `" @. K! j0 F 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
/ u$ e' ^/ B4 {$ G, a# ` 144. Stalling and obstruction$ z, x5 C8 Z/ }$ z# \! \
145. General administrative noncooperation* L o& O5 L- `+ k2 X4 t! K
4 h5 b; x" l" n8 z: u) k 146. Judicial noncooperation8 F5 x! Y' `( |2 {- C( U
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( h6 l4 Q9 u, E$ q* }
148. Mutiny
. B! h/ ]: s s9 \Domestic Governmental Action
3 x H6 d0 A" J9 e% K 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
b x; i H. k6 v0 i4 o 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 O; t" `1 G: ]
4 O; x9 ~2 N* G; h W
International Governmental Action6 U! w2 I9 P w; S* P
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; R& ]9 B8 c% K3 i% R4 w1 P7 | 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 }8 ^- p! ?; c
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( @. Y8 R7 @. E3 M% @" ~/ Q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations: `$ G# N; I$ a' }* I3 V
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( X& e* {9 v9 H4 R 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 u( t9 J ]* e2 f
157. Expulsion from international organizations- H' [3 R, m' [) Q9 `5 Y6 M
# ]$ t: C8 X. e% Y k8 ~3 f& S
a" I6 X- k4 D' L
! G3 ?7 U: m( f3 zTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ Y& j( o# q _, z
% K; c4 g0 X! I2 s& w: o$ R 6 ~9 r+ e" Q" c2 p# W
Psychological Intervention0 N$ ~# F! s8 I
158. Self-exposure to the elements
# C2 x0 G z* Y1 g8 I0 C! m 159. The fast" N% A4 _$ g/ Z q/ S9 R# Z
a) Fast of moral pressure' k6 _9 r5 y5 k! g! H" }
b) Hunger strike9 f3 m# \& [3 J% C7 a
c) Satyagrahic fast
1 b1 C3 y2 m$ I2 r! Y9 F 160. Reverse trial7 ~; W/ ]& n# o# J
161. Nonviolent harassment% m; a* r8 b4 Z% D7 \! [
4 n* j3 ]" E7 {5 p2 ZPhysical Intervention- `6 n* `" n8 u h
162. Sit-in
, Z0 q& a' C* {* f7 A9 c9 i 163. Stand-in
$ I. ?( T- o# Y 164. Ride-in
! {6 u: ?! I( |0 R 165. Wade-in
, {7 [' Z$ `9 x% u8 |% T( B7 A0 x+ k 166. Mill-in
4 t$ r; k( K: _$ {" s' | 167. Pray-in
: N: C9 Q$ I, a O. f- ^8 n& @ 168. Nonviolent raids
5 g7 V2 X& ?* E+ v) N 169. Nonviolent air raids
) Z- {+ F* I. a* M2 Q# ]% G& [0 \ 170. Nonviolent invasion% C0 X/ X# e9 `
171. Nonviolent interjection" u. K8 i- N E3 x1 ~( O
172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 \1 P3 H) C& X* D: u 173. Nonviolent occupation
. \. c7 I1 Q3 q! e
3 E* m: l% o' F4 _Social Intervention }$ L6 D) R! ~0 j( P9 s3 E r
174. Establishing new social patterns. I4 t. ]; H9 B1 q& I6 [5 r
175. Overloading of facilities
! J3 ~& g4 ^/ W, O+ v- A 176. Stall-in( @( C1 x6 n/ W* ]( }6 b# y
177. Speak-in
. ~+ |5 o% m) } G& I 178. Guerrilla theater* A6 G' \) M, |/ L0 |4 R1 @: V
179. Alternative social institutions
+ i( i: k6 }5 p0 ?9 N( E" ` 180. Alternative communication system# V% L* Y. {; C% Y9 C: j
) g: {, O8 d* M) x) y5 {Economic Intervention* Y0 T% i* V/ x
181. Reverse strike
& d I( Z+ F/ j2 o 182. Stay-in strike0 J3 M9 D3 w' ~ ?' m9 b* v
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 ~' F0 r* U7 W( U# p 184. Defiance of blockades L3 U! N; U; J6 h5 r; g: l" ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 Y8 A. [2 j0 X* a' k8 p
186. Preclusive purchasing
4 V& J( a0 I0 q 187. Seizure of assets
9 J1 s) r3 ~# ]2 k1 f 188. Dumping
* y/ p0 z9 g4 b 189. Selective patronage
& b3 d* k2 M8 q9 A- w& N 190. Alternative markets/ y! u& D1 l' j; C7 B3 M
191. Alternative transportation systems8 d4 _/ \7 i* r
192. Alternative economic institutions- ?. V4 ?1 w, y. a" y
; J7 I, ~0 P, b1 t/ k' ?/ {Political Intervention# t3 N+ w; d3 Y& G0 o6 {, s
193. Overloading of administrative systems- R8 [9 u5 ]; i/ V1 n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# ], }" j- G. h# E5 T
195. Seeking imprisonment
' G( S. z7 M ` 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. Y- N7 m- q3 h, f% N
197. Work-on without collaboration
: a9 C3 T- B! M; [) |1 o 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
