 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 K3 s0 p$ e" a7 A$ T5 K3 v" \Formal Statements1 D# i M1 S8 q8 a, e# |/ G# ^$ |
1. Public Speeches8 t( ]7 S6 A7 h e: K3 a
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 R2 J/ _/ g: i! L2 ^6 k# l 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 m% J8 _) F/ [5 H- E/ W3 f( L2 S- b
4. Signed public statements
' D3 C& |3 f7 S+ P) E2 w: y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ Q9 P7 r! \5 p7 f$ D* }( ] 6. Group or mass petitions
$ Y& F. V9 s8 s5 R
H( t, D: C, X! {Communications with a Wider Audience
# Z& p1 c$ l' \ W 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 j* N$ S% u7 b1 w9 u7 J4 A! f' m* k 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! w7 z+ Y$ ~9 b' M+ A
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 `3 W9 h$ K# P+ @
10. Newspapers and journals
; m; {8 b0 K, p5 S* \ 11. Records, radio, and television# a! d9 C3 C9 B2 M" a" |
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ N" v+ @ l: x9 i( u: ~- m; n; ]3 S0 ?+ l% Y
Group Representations0 V8 Q" Z! E$ \ v+ c+ ^% K; c+ ~
13. Deputations
( o" {9 ?8 Q. c7 C+ `" R3 x 14. Mock awards5 z! l7 }) N- S7 m+ [- ~: b3 z& q
15. Group lobbying
# B# `4 B! ?9 m" }4 S0 Y1 y6 V 16. Picketing
. ?% F: W0 s# i" G) J' \' l 17. Mock elections
4 i, r( C+ I4 Y" u- r5 u" o8 v& n U3 F
Symbolic Public Acts0 z7 C1 Q s9 p& M
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% k' }! @& v' l3 |' Q- L5 } 19. Wearing of symbols6 o8 C) j r' ]6 T7 ^% U- | R
20. Prayer and worship. {/ D) ^2 o; Q& c3 f) J) C
21. Delivering symbolic objects4 @9 a N. N/ e: _# h D# K* W- A
22. Protest disrobings
1 h# z4 d% X" @9 n8 k 23. Destruction of own property) _+ T* }- k( s
24. Symbolic lights5 U; f# m' l) V& W
25. Displays of portraits+ w% n( h7 f- q* H8 J. i' \9 m* l
26. Paint as protest
- O! H: I$ T- i 27. New signs and names5 L2 R5 u$ o" B, ^2 ]/ f+ n
28. Symbolic sounds* F4 P0 B. x, v9 p
29. Symbolic reclamations; I* k& u8 s ?2 r/ z5 n- s
30. Rude gestures
. D9 p/ x5 H, ]6 z8 q6 I" E% m' J, [
Pressures on Individuals" G4 Q2 C7 F# z" S: ?
31. “Haunting” officials- _) ?7 f7 d! J* T* q
32. Taunting officials# k3 S% G; n) M( D& |: a
33. Fraternization1 Z# S( \: n* p, v9 @2 J- \
34. Vigils
2 t9 c6 ]( l: N+ l# I
5 N @6 F3 s6 u) L% ]% GDrama and Music
5 V9 I/ h! u( Q9 A 35. Humorous skits and pranks. K2 O4 w* \: \0 [( d+ W
36. Performances of plays and music
0 \* p0 C8 g/ b; a6 v/ i/ V 37. Singing1 V% u1 p( `( z9 S
& z3 X& N n* P4 Z
Processions
: a+ `# M4 E5 u' d0 k 38. Marches
9 l$ O' |$ s( n- m9 y# k$ B& f 39. Parades) P" n7 B9 n. b( k- b5 D; R7 t, J
40. Religious processions: F; \0 p# M* E3 ]0 J
41. Pilgrimages$ y$ R: @+ j7 J, p
42. Motorcades
9 R1 F- B. |1 H. B
" m; L( M8 o& [. l3 cHonoring the Dead
2 ?6 j1 a5 b) p. u s7 m2 ` 43. Political mourning
; d; y6 p/ K; h$ p- l 44. Mock funerals
: P% P: B( v( Q! y+ C" u3 Z 45. Demonstrative funerals
/ h4 O2 ~: ?( ]/ \! z4 G9 R* h 46. Homage at burial places
3 Y6 ^( j; l9 E4 A2 B2 y& j9 s) j- s6 H2 @% b% q# ^3 P7 m
Public Assemblies
, V2 y% {+ w) t* i& z& {5 p2 D 47. Assemblies of protest or support7 H! `9 U6 L, O& u( g( }
48. Protest meetings3 {+ t; a, x" J. n$ e8 h
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) s I2 Z- r" C. t4 @9 ^
50. Teach-ins
% K2 ]5 h% U# ?8 `. Y, `7 J* j/ j* } E8 C$ O, L5 q
Withdrawal and Renunciation- G7 V7 A0 K! X4 {9 V! d
51. Walk-outs$ L M5 Y0 u& @* e+ ~# U
52. Silence+ i( H ^. M; H
53. Renouncing honors/ m9 T* D% y0 c0 U3 n6 n4 z
54. Turning one’s back
0 i* G! f" A8 S* ?* K8 _9 _/ p8 F! d0 _
( o5 @, Z, N- X3 }4 Y' l+ I! c
+ P$ U: }+ Z3 K4 G, m5 \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 w8 z0 |' U9 {& k+ k2 g0 E2 g- \
( S( b+ Z1 f& J9 Y8 X
* s; l1 q" f. T) N/ F) b6 H
8 @9 s7 e- ?5 `1 Y) ]. T- F! POstracism of Persons" Z1 r w- d, z; f
55. Social boycott& m( Y# m2 T) K9 R* [: [/ k4 {6 I/ K1 T
56. Selective social boycott
; _8 C# G/ S4 A$ p9 {7 o 57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 r/ t$ K5 {% o9 f 58. Excommunication' F( X" X, }3 @- m" _) j
59. Interdict5 @9 e# Y, W) N. }; E
8 D5 h4 A3 m8 ~$ K. Q6 h
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) Y+ ^0 ]6 g8 J( z% A 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% f8 Q5 w: F$ I) Y; ?& w 61. Boycott of social affairs1 D! e4 h3 A: R: l
62. Student strike: w( u( q4 M: V- Q) }" T) `, \1 z$ Z
63. Social disobedience
4 w: E1 o* |2 b0 F 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! N, A. X4 b! k3 K" f# z" L+ Z) N$ d5 x6 Q/ s5 m
Withdrawal from the Social System
% E/ g( J {7 v8 @" v3 b 65. Stay-at-home0 {" ~1 c2 g0 K; n# _6 W
66. Total personal noncooperation/ ? n! @, B! B9 a, B& l9 S) o1 x
67. “Flight” of workers
+ I# C- U, B# Q; w. k 68. Sanctuary
& @( M# c1 C6 h 69. Collective disappearance
) q7 n7 F/ X0 c/ Y9 ` 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" r6 S- g4 E0 D& ^( Z4 W+ L
+ J' Z) Y* X- F, o$ I. h$ c1 d7 Q
' y& n$ w r' s4 X- b; }. t2 h: f: n: A2 T/ X
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 P% l& ]; D* s4 F
5 C6 Q6 K% _8 v7 t4 g o 2 P H1 p4 n2 F' w3 w2 b' M
Actions by Consumers
9 s3 w* A @* z% E$ X% }* t 71. Consumers’ boycott
; r: t- E9 m& F* D 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# n" B1 E8 j& O0 [0 e4 L1 S 73. Policy of austerity
/ \, f. r! A: c0 [! i/ q 74. Rent withholding
}" h3 g9 v0 U$ c1 f; J6 q 75. Refusal to rent
; a7 {& C, ]: i; O 76. National consumers’ boycott& u8 m! S. A# H, U
77. International consumers’ boycott
3 ]/ d2 B3 x+ V4 o3 n8 w1 y" o" q: k0 S+ Y) y2 W; h8 k
Action by Workers and Producers
q# d3 E, g7 `+ Z! v. U9 w$ L 78. Workmen’s boycott- h# w* S$ }; T R% f: q; C5 b* x; `
79. Producers’ boycott' _: _4 l- T, ~0 \1 e4 Z
- x" H+ U1 g* @ S9 a* g3 WAction by Middlemen) X) Z S, c+ {' M( f, B# ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) f& O: Q- K7 l' ]) V; {5 O8 `! o2 y; C- b6 ~, f8 x
Action by Owners and Management
' w' a' o7 h9 v, F) d 81. Traders’ boycott
. U6 N2 o$ ?2 E6 g 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ y8 x% ?" T7 m7 [ 83. Lockout( c4 {8 J! I# v7 q8 i$ x& u
84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ x* }) |" J$ w2 |7 a+ v Z" t
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& P" H% _- ?0 [+ P, i; Y
# p6 A0 @3 V0 G; oAction by Holders of Financial Resources8 w+ y* l& r7 J% f( ^ K6 {1 w( V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 P0 m/ s( z, b/ |# U9 _
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 |/ H/ o& F4 e0 w" f. P) j& Y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% W- X2 A- C+ v% Z# X 89. Severance of funds and credit
' q5 Q% x! s- l& W 90. Revenue refusal
1 u5 C6 }7 n: ]9 p; d) J$ F 91. Refusal of a government’s money
& [! [3 N( ?) H7 Z
0 _+ ^1 o- J* VAction by Governments" S5 r' w! M1 j! J1 h. | Y
92. Domestic embargo
; {1 w" u% k* |' Z4 w- Y0 N 93. Blacklisting of traders
( P/ t T+ Z0 z5 y7 B 94. International sellers’ embargo
5 B1 z8 P C. Z: s, R+ M 95. International buyers’ embargo
4 b5 F& T& p/ r, D 96. International trade embargo# M6 J( m& ?5 v% q- C
! o9 |0 c1 s: J/ f' w5 o: s, I' c
! G4 a0 |5 J4 Y
7 w. x I- m3 R- N: d- E4 G0 |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 b+ k/ l4 m0 I; P7 j' z; t- z( W. S/ K+ _4 H0 S: `, s, |2 r% D
! q9 k! Q" A$ X2 b" o! A- pSymbolic Strikes& ~; u- @$ W# D$ n' j6 c& w
97. Protest strike( j7 x4 U$ ?9 B* k9 h0 y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* R! l- @7 Q* _9 w* Q+ b* @8 n
. s. Z( C' R* V+ O) y5 VAgricultural Strikes
7 d! X7 \# ]2 \/ o& z 99. Peasant strike
% m e( E! M- x7 l0 A- v+ E1 H 100. Farm Workers’ strike
M; t0 \1 l3 L. g9 ]1 q
0 f9 H6 y0 \4 ~) N- oStrikes by Special Groups8 O3 X5 F% I" P
101. Refusal of impressed labor, f/ i' X5 ?+ v2 p& O' S9 `
102. Prisoners’ strike9 j9 p! z/ B" s% F
103. Craft strike; a" {' a' w6 k8 o- B
104. Professional strike
0 g/ K; [6 W) I- h
4 H+ ]3 Q( b! y9 iOrdinary Industrial Strikes
9 z% u1 j% W' l; G1 C 105. Establishment strike" L5 ?( H3 s) h( W1 c
106. Industry strike; }$ i( ^" _+ o0 m% T- ]
107. Sympathetic strike
4 P6 [7 I1 \; K" c8 h9 r$ i% T: H) ~( s
Restricted Strikes
( U5 x- j; d. B 108. Detailed strike
; N; m+ `2 d5 M! X" U! H% Q 109. Bumper strike
+ e3 L( N. {) _5 ^" n9 ?; p9 { 110. Slowdown strike
7 Y( y6 w! s T 111. Working-to-rule strike4 Z( [( x4 `4 z- x. n6 ?
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 D; M7 M9 F9 J5 Q& y 113. Strike by resignation( {5 H# O& C! q* g
114. Limited strike
8 j' {" U3 O' T5 C# U 115. Selective strike
* T S# E) n3 h, l0 I/ F" i# c
Multi-Industry Strikes# x7 G- U6 d8 v+ K
) C1 `! X& n( \/ j
116. Generalized strike# K( A/ W* G4 B
$ O6 O: N$ {: X" C2 t* [7 S$ w
117. General strike f# r l" G; A7 C+ ]
U- U; }# s6 O6 g' ]$ T# |- G
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. f5 p9 V5 d: l# d$ w' C6 n3 K
8 k9 J: }$ i2 I: p5 M
118. Hartal) G' }' ]& }5 }' ? }( @
+ q, ^! x* D1 F 119. Economic shutdown/ S f2 \8 X; F$ j- x
. g' A; w9 Y* t M* v% k& ^4 v 1 l+ b u* Q% Q# e5 `( a7 T
7 K( E9 n5 d* E+ W9 b3 D( t( \
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# a* B2 G' x c) A. d0 d3 E, R8 f* {
9 D3 Z; w7 [& o ^1 }- W! X( Z 1 A$ C1 X+ e' i3 u( ]7 {* R# L
Rejection of Authority
4 g+ L7 z+ S4 k& i 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 R) d3 Z& b* q# ~3 `6 } h
121. Refusal of public support
9 H! M' Y |. | g# l 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 {" M8 }1 P3 o6 S. L) B
- u- x" O- |; A3 vCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; L' F3 e3 f, t$ O$ k 123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 l% I$ N6 \1 H8 u- j$ U, R
124. Boycott of elections
) n, A7 }/ F2 t9 @$ ~ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 G; R6 `9 ^; k8 Y. e2 p: L
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. U7 c5 O! a9 `; h2 Z7 d 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. t- Z+ l* E( E% w9 Z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 K3 D8 u; ~( L, v2 M4 F$ l 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents `% x" x9 R; U9 h# c
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 }$ [: \# s2 K$ C! i
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" ?% B ]+ ]; I0 Z$ a: {# E
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' Y: t+ u; m/ i* b& I
5 f: C7 ~5 o1 |5 L) J+ c: P3 Q3 @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" S. `" J3 O) F7 H- m! B 133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ I( P F; Z, w
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 J- W* W: V: f7 C" w" U 135. Popular nonobedience N+ ]1 D+ v0 ~ ~2 b. Y$ Z
136. Disguised disobedience! H" r; h2 ~+ u0 G+ x
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% _3 b+ n' w7 M9 h# m2 Y# [, J
138. Sitdown
+ V2 B$ @- E# {' l 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 u* d. R3 h0 o3 S4 E
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' C5 M3 [3 u7 ?/ ]. i2 G 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 o W# H/ o j* q, i( z, n
- a+ P9 x$ Y7 ]1 sAction by Government Personnel. Z. @8 u1 ?6 L% i
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: ]! ^5 z7 {7 N3 _# X% _0 {
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 e9 w q1 |$ R+ g! I, Z 144. Stalling and obstruction! r8 q* M" X0 A! S" O
145. General administrative noncooperation
* y2 `' e3 V" O; W9 Q& l
/ a1 o* Y) W4 c7 L 146. Judicial noncooperation& u3 @2 ~3 ^. P/ Y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: F' p( p d5 c# _ 148. Mutiny
/ P, G( `4 Z; N6 H& h0 CDomestic Governmental Action
+ v3 Y/ ]" _7 c! { l 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 t& S! w3 X4 r3 S# C: h' R& N' C 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ n- e0 G+ ?" I9 p9 _7 i; n# f
3 [4 V/ g3 x2 a( S, ?International Governmental Action
# x( R1 M( I, `; A, E 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' r6 D) O* Z8 U7 K+ t2 e6 g
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 y6 v) d( K! E9 ? y7 m- O 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 m+ S: N. v2 E; l2 @' ~ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, }4 Z3 t x' L1 m0 S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" Q2 Y4 _ O1 X# w* `: Y( T6 I 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 }8 }- `& U% E% x* w' B. c3 H7 n3 h
157. Expulsion from international organizations. G* J7 K' K" Y9 s
. q" i- D; t& [/ k) D/ [
N( g8 ^# e3 q4 v4 w6 V/ }& |( Y* X9 |
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
8 _4 m) E2 B5 \1 o/ a8 `" h4 u1 {; n* e, j
8 |+ d6 {$ n7 l1 Y% {& G- f2 C
Psychological Intervention
1 N$ C: H" I) D9 f 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 ~9 _ t' @$ K7 a 159. The fast
- g& ?' Z! V* p F0 a: q a) Fast of moral pressure
% S- q5 {; W% T% ? b) Hunger strike1 |7 s( Y! ]2 O! y
c) Satyagrahic fast
: @3 e7 o/ T6 I! J 160. Reverse trial e! C' m3 U! a9 n! t
161. Nonviolent harassment
2 B% Z8 d$ Z# F+ \' ?/ o
2 h" I, E7 Z" S9 {Physical Intervention2 [" V1 g$ w* s4 C7 o
162. Sit-in
% O) l6 I: H2 B q% N 163. Stand-in0 c) S+ D6 M% g% C- S* ^6 r
164. Ride-in% |1 M& V" O% U% p
165. Wade-in# R, B; Y1 a( Q, I
166. Mill-in! L3 U' x% P4 ~1 @3 u
167. Pray-in5 D9 G$ [- r0 @' A9 i! Y; p
168. Nonviolent raids
) i' e C3 ^8 I3 p1 N 169. Nonviolent air raids. f0 l" {: S; `
170. Nonviolent invasion4 ~' B [' o6 T( v
171. Nonviolent interjection
2 V/ v6 S9 ?- c8 n- b; y U 172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 B& n. L9 t3 V/ U& p4 T 173. Nonviolent occupation' I0 y* ^% \- F4 p. A3 @$ H: D1 O: L
2 _' T* x/ y" E+ Z' |- K' |) d
Social Intervention
6 w1 m4 n; d2 ~& |. ~; x 174. Establishing new social patterns+ G+ J* c) I8 \; L B9 n% ~9 y
175. Overloading of facilities5 O3 K7 i e8 t1 i0 t
176. Stall-in
U' u3 c0 I3 E% i; \+ m* a' F# i 177. Speak-in
( }* y- D) ~, E2 Y' y 178. Guerrilla theater
9 V6 L* m# S! h 179. Alternative social institutions- E+ {" X. V! J
180. Alternative communication system
- X4 l. [7 [, s$ h* {
: h$ Q* N- L: B; c% ~Economic Intervention
6 i& R2 Q6 D8 Q% f; F2 Y# _ 181. Reverse strike
_$ D4 i* Q( j1 L& B 182. Stay-in strike$ U) R7 }! r5 ^! t. o: j! ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure! g/ p# `" n" \5 v. D7 a2 Y
184. Defiance of blockades
% S5 d$ r* C* F 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
+ |8 X5 x* _* b( ~7 Y# _. P6 k 186. Preclusive purchasing9 Z9 m. g/ t: H; _0 n8 \
187. Seizure of assets( Y' V; D% y* {4 L9 M/ c' F
188. Dumping' M2 o9 \: x6 K* m" U- e
189. Selective patronage
+ D9 A# r4 b9 b) f4 `2 o( f' p7 b1 Q 190. Alternative markets4 i2 ?( f3 J8 p) J
191. Alternative transportation systems
! q- R7 S9 K/ ^0 @3 J% e. ` 192. Alternative economic institutions
; v* H6 w* ~4 `' \
9 }$ d4 L3 z0 T! e1 j( HPolitical Intervention
0 L, @2 }8 G+ H7 E8 f8 t: f k. c 193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ X/ a4 I0 @7 G* X& G( j 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( J( v# e( ^. y% A; U$ f8 l 195. Seeking imprisonment
# F; P7 v) L4 y' P. x* t 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# N$ }7 i' L$ K4 G7 ~+ q; g 197. Work-on without collaboration
" m& R5 m0 m' f) e/ B 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 {5 Y3 d1 n9 A
# j( y% H" ~; f- K0 T
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
