 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; t% a" G, L3 n3 L7 c/ u4 EFormal Statements
9 j2 q& L- m7 i Z" B8 a" ?5 D 1. Public Speeches3 r4 d5 n* t& [* q& c& B1 f5 o# E
2. Letters of opposition or support
7 |: o- f# D, U" {0 z+ W 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- ?2 H7 n: e: B6 z5 P
4. Signed public statements9 l5 t% F: K5 u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
' q5 ?3 ]6 V- E9 h! {1 @ 6. Group or mass petitions
8 n% J9 g" x4 K& L0 E2 {: Z: {- U6 G( Q4 L- W& g4 c
Communications with a Wider Audience
& O/ w8 J, m W8 [ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ _9 }- c. Z8 q: r 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ U+ p! T4 _5 K- e+ U2 {& Z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% x, P# {3 A; h0 z1 B$ L 10. Newspapers and journals A. X9 W8 L% ]: Q
11. Records, radio, and television
0 s3 q8 N w' W" {% n4 k/ U2 [ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting T3 k* [5 @' e3 k6 w+ ?' a5 ~: k
! }/ `3 F$ ~! d7 d" v
Group Representations, q3 b( d$ `2 M
13. Deputations7 F! `* L" F. w- W+ C a5 H
14. Mock awards
* h* C# [1 [ P, B% c- L+ K 15. Group lobbying
. Y% w# Z2 S0 W: p 16. Picketing! f& g) |) ?3 w- b' n( _
17. Mock elections
7 ~; {- H! {- F+ t7 W$ L* z: w: l$ h
; N: [5 b+ F1 bSymbolic Public Acts
; s( G/ j) M4 [" q) s# K Z: ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 q! r3 a" A5 [( Q
19. Wearing of symbols, a) z" d! E0 C$ _2 }0 v( r
20. Prayer and worship
8 Y- X) ?( ], ?* ~ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 S# [9 a) @& c) X 22. Protest disrobings
\4 C# B, q$ D5 p 23. Destruction of own property
9 O* Q0 `" A4 L' g5 {) s 24. Symbolic lights6 S" J4 ^1 @4 k9 C( s: p$ g
25. Displays of portraits/ ^- ^+ X" U7 r# [: V) i! K
26. Paint as protest
3 v) g5 S6 L9 Y2 x5 x 27. New signs and names
9 p& m0 Q8 @7 c0 ]( u1 h; { 28. Symbolic sounds+ T2 Y3 n1 L. {" D$ b' D* N
29. Symbolic reclamations
# c$ c4 Q8 [1 P" d* |3 M 30. Rude gestures. ^, Y" B$ K' ^& l2 }# y
3 }+ _* }- J; b" ?
Pressures on Individuals
- l" U5 u. ^9 _ 31. “Haunting” officials6 @. ^2 Q! ~! G4 K- |" _
32. Taunting officials
; i* b/ B- j% R6 s9 S+ x 33. Fraternization9 f5 Z7 k+ j8 ~( ?
34. Vigils1 m& [8 w. v, z+ Q: \
$ v) S* w D( v7 Y+ G, y! ODrama and Music$ y9 w% [! l3 p$ j" u9 V
35. Humorous skits and pranks
Q" S: ]( S7 a4 @5 }* B# a* s3 h! Q 36. Performances of plays and music
: j' B$ x- r$ P: [' ]: B 37. Singing0 x0 @' {# D3 z$ s" F
, d A0 a! y- G! v+ x( m
Processions- Z5 _5 P1 E' m! T& h
38. Marches
% U. j& E1 u8 X3 d" O 39. Parades5 m, x3 _# H& E2 ]8 C/ z
40. Religious processions
$ e+ [6 ?% a( ^3 Z3 {( |& |4 Q 41. Pilgrimages
. u" S. y- c( X. k& F 42. Motorcades
. z" H2 }2 ?. B* b
4 R# G7 e. z' xHonoring the Dead, F/ ]* Z8 ?0 f
43. Political mourning
, F5 s/ M' R6 @2 v% E 44. Mock funerals
% @3 X& M0 w* e) l 45. Demonstrative funerals
0 p7 R4 t0 \6 Z 46. Homage at burial places
2 w' B3 n+ N/ Z5 Y% G
, ^. l* S: K6 g: |- i# E- V* ]Public Assemblies
5 b0 k, I/ j$ ? n2 z; z% T 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 Q6 \' q, R( L6 N4 W$ F" r! H( ?
48. Protest meetings7 j% p. a% ~' t1 g% }. `
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 P& ]3 \- e1 }+ f0 [. B3 U
50. Teach-ins
( i9 {% ~6 n# R0 a. {- p( P9 I3 v% q& H4 u* p1 O4 I2 Y
Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 E% p/ |0 g, X+ t) s% [& G2 T 51. Walk-outs
`6 ^' n# t6 I 52. Silence
- {" X0 g3 r% T1 n2 ?* z 53. Renouncing honors/ S2 I- `3 f* z" N* o! b2 X& A
54. Turning one’s back
& C7 U' Q7 [0 i# p* H' T% g3 q: t" x P: x6 X3 c/ U
, ^2 {$ A; X$ S, L" A; u0 |5 r2 i
1 o w {5 k% K# z% JTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 W3 l5 M- P$ ]+ X
! u* s; C5 K1 S+ K
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& g8 i5 T0 w+ f8 [+ ~+ K3 GOstracism of Persons
5 u$ r/ y) t# F( y) J 55. Social boycott
( j. C+ n1 t+ @: D' w, x 56. Selective social boycott( W6 K, {5 b# e+ Y1 A* M H! G* Q
57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ l' O3 Z$ Q7 A3 f) t$ Y& d 58. Excommunication2 s5 A5 x3 W L9 u. p/ R
59. Interdict
/ M4 v4 G! G! ?8 G7 |) l, m l% f' o5 N& A/ S/ J7 w
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% c5 p! Z+ t4 Q7 P2 w, S
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 w" M8 u# N6 Y7 v- o$ f 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 s" c9 r3 w( t# x' G 62. Student strike4 h4 L2 r2 ?! H, `
63. Social disobedience
1 K2 l8 w7 M( X 64. Withdrawal from social institutions1 K. T: W b, f3 F+ K$ @" Y! k
1 I+ k( D& Y: F" ^( G; }
Withdrawal from the Social System& m$ ~8 E ^: L5 `* N! x- I) Q; w& i
65. Stay-at-home
7 K' W% X2 u6 h0 Y6 n, F2 K 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ z5 T- Q5 b% z- Y" I 67. “Flight” of workers
0 w0 {/ i5 V5 ]: u 68. Sanctuary) l) ]: ~- e$ O7 G8 W. C- A
69. Collective disappearance
8 N0 P1 |! q, m8 \7 }/ t 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) o1 t# n/ ]* }$ [0 N: w
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( m4 M- s& A/ b/ ]8 S8 W& x
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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6 ?( S6 F2 k/ C
Actions by Consumers
_. S4 t4 n+ A! h 71. Consumers’ boycott% q& ~# t, T1 T K9 e* R
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 Y3 N* Q0 I. m4 P# o, }, `* ?3 ]4 x
73. Policy of austerity7 L+ d4 P1 p, N
74. Rent withholding Z5 h1 [7 C8 E! U- w) H
75. Refusal to rent4 T( a# Y& w3 s7 T
76. National consumers’ boycott
8 e% Z' }- h7 t 77. International consumers’ boycott1 E; R! ]7 a* l
$ F$ {& k7 b; _) {( ~Action by Workers and Producers
7 d$ ~- P' o& a6 A 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 L a1 p/ n9 R% N1 i) z 79. Producers’ boycott
2 r" d$ f9 m" j/ X5 @/ O0 V- N8 S( J: k7 m$ w
Action by Middlemen
+ m1 |; g. S* ]2 W$ y! g E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) b) `1 b5 L- k7 G& f: ^- v7 [: U* H- k) X8 g+ x8 W5 F
Action by Owners and Management5 d' D" f$ x9 O' q/ f
81. Traders’ boycott z/ H9 f, M5 r' k% X L; c
82. Refusal to let or sell property
) K4 g6 j0 S7 Q0 Q4 ]& Q 83. Lockout
' y; k. g6 j, K; k# h 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ X/ b& B+ W6 r" C/ b 85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ P6 ?/ R( D% n. t4 w+ d+ c" K
- ^/ t U- r$ I5 k) l' l2 |Action by Holders of Financial Resources" |% E7 F4 n* {2 h
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 \) }! H# D: Y$ y2 P# o
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; |; A. X; o2 Q( { 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: f, `' i+ k( F; P; E6 m6 H 89. Severance of funds and credit0 `; k; S1 o& r
90. Revenue refusal
2 A# W' r6 y: A' R# o! a9 B" D/ g 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 t' j7 Q; e3 f$ Q" T
# t! o% a9 t. m- c
Action by Governments4 H" j6 h) B7 |! g1 e
92. Domestic embargo
4 X+ o: K: l1 X$ }8 [3 |' J- H 93. Blacklisting of traders, c; u2 P) Z; e1 F! v4 r d" K$ b
94. International sellers’ embargo& i: ]+ O4 |" h! N
95. International buyers’ embargo
# V- o# e( x1 W 96. International trade embargo5 o2 \6 x5 q$ g
4 d4 `* S- b+ L8 ~: k
9 j0 f ]- t/ K; p! D% q- m A
- L% l2 F3 u6 @! ?' lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 P! {) ? b& l, q' @. ]
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. f3 I9 _+ k6 |, P& `Symbolic Strikes
; }& c# e8 N: k. S: P; p 97. Protest strike- O) [$ f( z6 B: v
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
& u' z" w4 k& t) V: ]# v0 A1 A" ]$ K6 v6 h5 D4 w( {( n
Agricultural Strikes
d/ B6 @7 a) w8 T& }: F7 h% D 99. Peasant strike' `1 f* q- @* \9 r+ @
100. Farm Workers’ strike6 y7 P1 |$ S9 F7 r
) z# I" @! U& \4 ]9 k
Strikes by Special Groups0 \6 b+ s, @5 C7 e
101. Refusal of impressed labor
! p8 e: W% ^- b# ^2 w2 E 102. Prisoners’ strike
4 F: p% R( m1 ]1 t' j 103. Craft strike# ?. B9 e% P* s
104. Professional strike
: B1 o6 Q9 O6 x1 f% n; q$ h& r" h. x4 u: C/ M v0 J- D
Ordinary Industrial Strikes1 W- a' {9 K8 B2 s! y3 ^' T4 e
105. Establishment strike- b( B5 q* V9 a( S% a# E
106. Industry strike; F4 a' R3 _/ x7 g. B- O! ^& n: c
107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes2 @9 E, t# X. W: |
108. Detailed strike% w) e' n# A7 |% u; y0 t
109. Bumper strike
4 B- S6 I7 m6 A# f1 q! Q5 a 110. Slowdown strike% g! `/ w' r( N& s, T3 k$ }8 W
111. Working-to-rule strike# t+ B3 S- w3 t0 V: M) o/ X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ P! E6 Q# K# |# R" [" n6 F3 v 113. Strike by resignation6 W1 Q, l) R1 j U
114. Limited strike+ s$ E* M# L: o: i( }3 u. f
115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
$ ~! P7 ^5 o! Q8 Z9 r& S1 P7 C5 v* i; J n) U" X
116. Generalized strike5 H( e/ d6 a$ u! f
X2 |+ j7 G4 [. X- o \2 o
117. General strike" `5 o5 R. z$ v W" h
2 j# M% N( o4 f; Z% `+ Y3 Z6 Q0 zCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& M a$ h0 K: T- h) q& ]' ]9 @
118. Hartal& f2 G2 i) m4 b" f
% s3 r u$ g- i$ i e! V 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; g1 m6 g) f/ ]
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6 H& k( m$ g8 b/ hRejection of Authority
* |5 ~$ t1 K, w- V) i8 Z3 q3 ` 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 k! d; p4 P+ Z+ k
121. Refusal of public support+ F2 K9 i& y; x! ~2 a) v. J
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 M% m0 o* i9 \
# i: K h3 Q% H& M5 HCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" J" F& {% j! j 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: c4 b) f) V$ }0 f! k, X5 f# B 124. Boycott of elections) u& L& l" l. ?, V* {* l2 _
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 T0 M5 Q% R1 X6 E2 e! p, L 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' x" M* q1 c( }6 f2 p+ w" M8 [! \
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! ^7 o! J( {! c$ O0 T$ t9 b 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 x* r7 L6 f6 X! |2 O6 \
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 B/ S* U% G: C, {
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. B4 ?9 y7 K; G/ ^
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( N$ w$ E4 x! r( d* [9 h1 T: p
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 N3 | e x) C% }! T; U
, y7 r+ W$ t, X1 @& w$ v! F" ~( qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 m1 M7 m8 }5 M; K7 m a m* y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 \4 g" M7 B6 q# I' i1 M 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) [/ }6 i# ^$ r
135. Popular nonobedience E& C, O0 v Y! }1 o1 e1 F
136. Disguised disobedience" S3 u0 R- R4 b" A7 Z/ d
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% Z2 u6 h' y* J: x( G 138. Sitdown
" C) [7 \ k6 A F. P6 D 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 \/ F! Q7 B; [$ O( K% ^5 p; p% B
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 c% `/ w( B, _ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws/ g6 b# k$ n% J/ H; a/ `2 ~( V/ z
+ H& u9 [. L( B+ {6 y6 R% Y
Action by Government Personnel7 \/ U4 s6 }- d( v- P
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 H. ^8 r1 v! ? 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
4 d9 E1 V0 t8 G1 @% \' L 144. Stalling and obstruction; |5 f2 ]* g c% V r
145. General administrative noncooperation
7 j3 m+ c+ l1 X6 C& D# d# j
' c, x2 ?1 k" J2 n 146. Judicial noncooperation: W$ f5 m3 n7 E9 ^9 ^ U! A! H) ?9 n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: }$ y* N9 a4 o0 W* `7 ^ 148. Mutiny
5 ~" W G1 T3 Z' k' \Domestic Governmental Action8 M+ l m8 w6 A A
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) _, T& Y3 A" w) l2 _3 O6 | 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 x p$ O: z+ m/ P4 d$ o5 D0 j: D/ t" n# _7 R% T
International Governmental Action
- ^( h% k, X5 ` 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- ]2 v( P! w$ t# {- A+ Q+ J% i 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% X. X/ A& o. n2 d0 y' E! ^
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# N2 C6 D( N. S4 ? 154. Severance of diplomatic relations; w- a0 Q2 _' k7 t' I# t+ U
155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 c: y% X3 M; e! G. K: ?
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ b! t" J' K5 J k4 d0 j/ D/ }2 `; `
157. Expulsion from international organizations+ Q8 \6 Q( z, y' I6 o. D' T
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$ ~7 g4 p4 {. O, \7 q6 gTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION) q. S g/ r! b1 E3 M6 O1 i" A7 G
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1 B& m3 v& V; `. \Psychological Intervention
$ J1 ~3 W2 {! `! J 158. Self-exposure to the elements
! k8 \& c: {! @ 159. The fast
* |' V% P/ s( I2 o a) Fast of moral pressure
/ }1 b2 X& X" }! x) r/ c1 J3 h' s9 l8 q b) Hunger strike2 A h9 i( z7 f, b+ O8 X3 \
c) Satyagrahic fast
4 u8 f, w0 b3 S% Z. L 160. Reverse trial
4 D C/ ^3 k7 B U: G! t 161. Nonviolent harassment' }( T( ^4 k: _8 j7 ]
. Q5 f9 i1 m6 T0 _3 o' ?2 UPhysical Intervention0 u! `+ {$ f! q% D0 ]
162. Sit-in
1 Q, F% n+ r* b 163. Stand-in0 e+ o, E/ M# C# b$ p& v
164. Ride-in6 G% ]2 `" c" Y& }8 _& D" H- o
165. Wade-in- ]5 e) N P+ |" X0 F; P' N
166. Mill-in
6 }4 C% k. Q C4 S. p; j; ^: G 167. Pray-in/ C: x6 u$ a1 |. x% _8 @7 h: C
168. Nonviolent raids* V0 O7 Q; \8 q: q# z
169. Nonviolent air raids, S' D" R* u% i( j( P& z, ~
170. Nonviolent invasion5 S' T- H" l1 s3 D
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 d* M: r+ V' K" u 172. Nonviolent obstruction/ f2 {3 f" X* V: J: M
173. Nonviolent occupation
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5 d: V! K6 m. tSocial Intervention& i+ D+ X$ j. B* y/ }& R
174. Establishing new social patterns) V9 Z6 Q! c c
175. Overloading of facilities
6 Z' _5 n" u3 @ c8 i ~! S 176. Stall-in
+ l7 `5 W7 ]) F% f 177. Speak-in% G4 {9 B2 b7 t% W6 {7 p
178. Guerrilla theater& u+ w2 c) | T! v% {2 n! r% a
179. Alternative social institutions, J1 \; z7 ~& l/ O3 `, l
180. Alternative communication system
1 k. J! P& x2 [8 C6 H4 a+ v/ Y" r- h; I: N8 i0 z: w; f3 i' J
Economic Intervention/ p$ |% A4 E8 D( o
181. Reverse strike) J! t; ?: O$ h9 _& b5 V+ N
182. Stay-in strike% ]3 ^4 B1 B3 v. o
183. Nonviolent land seizure7 O: A3 x# n. v3 u& l v
184. Defiance of blockades
- q, U% s9 Y9 h3 x8 u 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 q A& v5 N. X9 W
186. Preclusive purchasing
" Z: k! u& B1 v2 S 187. Seizure of assets5 \/ y" Z7 @! o$ |8 \
188. Dumping+ W# l0 z, ]' w1 q$ _% D- a
189. Selective patronage2 W7 ?5 k8 g* I( U7 D
190. Alternative markets
) C: V7 [+ O( x6 ?0 Z 191. Alternative transportation systems( w* M0 Z: W# F4 [ X0 n
192. Alternative economic institutions
1 c( ]+ i8 g* P
7 B& M8 i% g- D$ j3 N9 K: kPolitical Intervention& _% p" W# B! ]( R) i
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 c \$ L) d4 Q' O3 Y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
1 X& S" ` W" Y, x, r5 K 195. Seeking imprisonment) F1 ~3 l7 w7 s/ z$ Q4 u9 G \
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ e5 m) k9 G) X5 Y
197. Work-on without collaboration5 e& a! M/ i- k9 \ w
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
