 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 o8 L% o. o+ M! z1 {7 E
Formal Statements* T) s4 H4 [( E$ g
1. Public Speeches
# d" j! v9 h! R+ J7 D 2. Letters of opposition or support2 p9 J# A! j' _# X' I
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 {6 ^/ M0 K. _4 w 4. Signed public statements
: _0 p6 T) y) K p$ d 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
n. K# E! }' {, i; E 6. Group or mass petitions
3 m9 r, Z% F% m4 Q& m8 f" T+ |# W3 g) k9 E" ~2 X1 I. v
Communications with a Wider Audience6 J, p( H r5 W9 ~
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. _+ R/ @* b$ ^9 ~
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications3 f) S5 W9 ]# V( a) ?
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; v# o& H" p9 x! [5 R. P( R5 i
10. Newspapers and journals
@% g/ s0 |' P3 q- i7 X" x3 O 11. Records, radio, and television
0 M* H! s+ G6 A+ z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& E' z) V! `; n! h2 O7 r. t) ^. W4 l$ c) D5 T6 W
Group Representations
1 i* M9 N0 X8 q; {- Y+ r& y: c5 b 13. Deputations
8 ?9 V, K, Y6 ~) W+ W/ i1 Z 14. Mock awards+ q$ h% U7 n* R
15. Group lobbying
) E, O( _3 s- M9 ^ m' S* }0 |8 H 16. Picketing
. e: G* d% e+ g$ I' ]1 Z) B 17. Mock elections! @2 k2 e8 o! e& i# a
7 y6 g6 v, W* L( [
Symbolic Public Acts
% `4 K+ W5 y# B) L, m 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! \' W6 {* U, K 19. Wearing of symbols
; N: M( ~8 B: K+ @2 O 20. Prayer and worship( J" w4 F6 j1 A3 J( y; P
21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 a2 g2 K! N; d9 [# R& W 22. Protest disrobings% i% V* J; p6 j9 J k; `* g3 t
23. Destruction of own property
6 N9 W W+ l' b: H( Z! P 24. Symbolic lights
3 a( [, [3 Z. @; |5 L s 25. Displays of portraits
) B+ n' e0 e: F( d2 Y) |' X. T 26. Paint as protest. c7 y, a! {! S/ y7 ^+ ]
27. New signs and names0 b, ]% c& w4 G' ^% Y
28. Symbolic sounds6 d) @4 U2 O2 c; |1 n
29. Symbolic reclamations9 @4 v% I2 V6 _/ ]+ D- z$ o
30. Rude gestures
* Q2 [ H( g) Z0 ^+ H, i0 @5 Q- T) V
5 ^" Q9 }4 [3 Q( j9 Z8 Z% o+ MPressures on Individuals+ V4 x( J' M2 A9 ^
31. “Haunting” officials0 _# ]6 Y, o8 ~: f1 a9 S
32. Taunting officials
2 O# }7 q" T' u1 r/ M7 ?& g 33. Fraternization
; f% Z: h/ R4 K" c 34. Vigils
9 X% L8 `" J5 ?
' y5 o7 V6 b( q. A; G2 eDrama and Music$ B% V+ T* ^& }+ O
35. Humorous skits and pranks
r& c, ?6 z7 z D- m) @ 36. Performances of plays and music
: A% G- ?3 }0 c5 e; f0 P; | 37. Singing
! ]7 {% s5 l0 m9 }& U! q- A7 k% u& Y" S5 ~. m& K7 R6 g
Processions
6 ~' f6 K$ ^; W. ]- w6 L) K/ A 38. Marches
2 V! X' w3 A9 a$ l6 {* i. r 39. Parades8 @- ^; S# v* R
40. Religious processions8 Y3 A! e4 r7 V/ y8 x# y
41. Pilgrimages
A8 I3 s( Q1 X+ ?5 F; C 42. Motorcades
3 R: x; w) d6 _4 v. \' y% k. G( E# s2 n
Honoring the Dead( @7 g1 v- U, U, f" l
43. Political mourning
- H# }. E) g+ s2 x 44. Mock funerals
9 j7 h' {6 v% e5 ?# B- o 45. Demonstrative funerals4 V% e% b+ v8 N& g7 D2 k
46. Homage at burial places6 q- d$ B8 g$ |) U" p
# ?! {8 g+ {9 L6 m2 n4 kPublic Assemblies$ u7 ]% u* o1 m) O
47. Assemblies of protest or support
, P7 `% {" t$ E& w 48. Protest meetings6 p$ L% @- \5 i" Q7 `- ^1 q6 e
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# }! X, F: S$ K9 H0 |! s 50. Teach-ins; ^$ f$ |0 z% p- f
5 p& I# X1 G- Q' w: d7 g
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. j$ C. E/ \& \$ W2 I5 ~; ]. [ 51. Walk-outs
( g( ]/ z9 E( t: V, {6 i2 Q 52. Silence
( ~; q: ]! c9 ?2 Q 53. Renouncing honors
@, h% ?" X) s0 @/ m& L. s 54. Turning one’s back
5 U( l$ L& c$ Y" V, A0 z" F D5 l9 M" x- ?9 O' u V
& V, H# Q2 h" X/ a; m9 m3 _3 Q5 j0 v' |; m5 g
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
# w" i6 c F; h8 _& {
9 a$ F! c9 d e: C! T
; |0 X8 _5 r( V$ R7 `& J$ D) c1 Z7 a/ C
Ostracism of Persons
+ Q; P' \. \( z8 T/ ]3 o v8 E 55. Social boycott
T. q* A; V& l+ J 56. Selective social boycott
& q' I" K. `/ q% k; U7 a: W. K- B 57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 H5 Z7 c& }2 o9 V/ s 58. Excommunication
& Q4 E5 {: k) }% P* h5 V 59. Interdict. X& s% ^% U Z& t, Q. V' m
: k( e; C. `6 j( p1 N3 e1 @+ U. E2 X
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) k# Q" ]- B! b; Z, q0 w4 b
60. Suspension of social and sports activities2 T2 K4 E5 r# g: D! ^
61. Boycott of social affairs9 p5 q( A; }/ G g
62. Student strike
# j% q1 T6 y$ t( y 63. Social disobedience M, } c! B/ s: h2 L, d( v9 r
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; \6 C+ b* @1 M- E8 z0 W z) F1 n+ F. I7 J$ b+ w6 L% \% Z$ u
Withdrawal from the Social System( e/ ~7 L. y0 c9 A
65. Stay-at-home
$ c/ X' l6 Q% P; A/ b 66. Total personal noncooperation
, |, K. Q& |8 Z* a$ `2 E$ p 67. “Flight” of workers; r9 s4 g( H; I; }" S! X
68. Sanctuary$ d" J2 T4 \" b7 j
69. Collective disappearance
2 x y& u3 o* N/ [, z4 |; H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
- g E6 i( S0 u# [' ?9 o1 [ C. L5 t0 y# {5 A9 \$ s+ \" @5 g
- K2 E# k/ V+ Q# X
5 a1 K; b' V0 j vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( _7 r0 S1 M! p$ B
" ], l5 N* D4 [' T8 X + H4 F2 C9 k' C t. Q6 t
Actions by Consumers& i- d( z, T5 _2 T4 k, j5 N8 i, a
71. Consumers’ boycott3 u" O" v. c: j$ a5 b
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; v% u" j3 b X7 N# o2 |7 C! Q
73. Policy of austerity8 o# z v8 q3 g, r( {* [* U+ y' w
74. Rent withholding* P% A& @# d% }+ k2 s8 H
75. Refusal to rent
3 Y9 S- {# b, t4 A 76. National consumers’ boycott( g4 L/ d- O# Z+ m; ^7 o8 N$ K
77. International consumers’ boycott
$ _" c3 R) j# c) O# P# g- u: u9 z W/ R% i0 @. B6 ]# \
Action by Workers and Producers+ \& k3 ]) i1 Q# b! }. i
78. Workmen’s boycott# e9 l( x4 n- G3 g' z0 M2 Z9 j9 K
79. Producers’ boycott4 Z0 d* v. g5 _) A; y
' h' G* X% V9 U7 c, wAction by Middlemen. z& t, Y! c) l3 [) Q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 h$ V5 u. U' Y
# {* v; V8 t+ f
Action by Owners and Management5 H* u9 U* H+ y. s6 ?: \
81. Traders’ boycott3 l2 H9 i* A8 R/ ~
82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ V$ Q* v& I( Z6 C% I 83. Lockout
' L! R. Q. x, k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance [) C* u: g% }+ d$ x. |5 L) J# z
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 J" A! Q( f! X$ ?% t
* o+ M: Z% f: uAction by Holders of Financial Resources
: C3 {. E# e9 \0 I0 @6 m" ~! a 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 n6 V7 C- O6 t 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: v, K( p& v% ?( f7 G0 G: X; p 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ h- n5 S$ `3 _1 t/ H7 @
89. Severance of funds and credit
) n( u6 U: }+ P+ G/ m$ w 90. Revenue refusal/ \$ Z+ B4 \& l2 Q* g( }* H
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 @. [/ G9 I7 j+ T8 r2 `" H2 e$ V- H* G- ~& p" R
Action by Governments" k' C4 {- e8 F* C1 {* z# S2 ?
92. Domestic embargo
. j9 g; _: P# z3 S! B, U; b; K$ J 93. Blacklisting of traders1 M7 B! Z' }9 z' u8 L R
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 ?3 [) T3 @% W 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 o- a, J2 Q. t: m3 g 96. International trade embargo* d$ ^# f" t |: m2 E" f, h2 ~5 B
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- W* w! o. _& l; ~$ J; `/ tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' w; g) Z* L( i4 t& W
% z9 Z, v5 \% H' ^* c3 @0 A/ [8 V " \1 y! r6 U7 u7 J/ Z5 u7 V
Symbolic Strikes# o' T8 L5 R( t5 p' S
97. Protest strike
1 v! G! T0 I* h7 A9 P0 E, T& z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" W# o3 o% ~5 X, D$ a, L
; r; p# g C. lAgricultural Strikes o' @) S3 X5 U
99. Peasant strike8 g0 }, M" i x
100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ v* k( O" f9 M! ~& u. J- |! y7 x
( i9 h. M; v# p AStrikes by Special Groups! y' f/ I2 ^3 ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ ^; ]/ x5 r# o! O& p 102. Prisoners’ strike
+ V: y% j$ d7 @, O6 G2 ] 103. Craft strike/ Z' Q7 o' U& E; q+ a: `, q
104. Professional strike
5 z5 w2 u" n* i# _
1 g) h9 O1 K- s" k" yOrdinary Industrial Strikes% t1 R! M8 S! v
105. Establishment strike" T3 z) f1 F8 V" q5 s. q- G1 Y
106. Industry strike" a- b6 l, T9 d0 z9 X
107. Sympathetic strike7 U! D3 s) a" |
$ m$ E' ]& f% bRestricted Strikes7 Q( ^, a% V; x2 A6 V- e
108. Detailed strike+ T# F$ j" p7 W- q9 _& p3 S" Y
109. Bumper strike/ S# m" F |' }0 l2 d
110. Slowdown strike
/ Z( `4 r' [' Y# C9 G; p5 ^4 s 111. Working-to-rule strike
! F( ^( _8 i3 U9 C' V4 i 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ i0 z: a* e; E+ {# i
113. Strike by resignation
( g: Z% C' J6 H# a) t) S" [; l 114. Limited strike' T i; z7 z5 ]* Y& V$ u
115. Selective strike
! p" V2 a* k5 c7 {# ]1 B8 W7 Q6 J5 ~ f: u' ~* }) _+ |9 c
Multi-Industry Strikes5 L+ z. X2 @1 T2 v3 ~ v4 F
' f5 X/ V1 W* B 116. Generalized strike3 k3 z' Z" G" u# P2 ]- J4 `
/ h) K0 }+ s+ R, i9 a) ?
117. General strike
2 u8 {( U& F% ^5 A, i% i: B# m& b5 O& C8 F& m# i: z# ?+ g3 c
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 Z% b, E5 l. G
3 Q# Q2 @0 Q) H3 f& s 118. Hartal+ n2 G: U9 T( L5 w# D6 Q! T* { z
" B+ r( L! v! K2 F7 }) s; I3 q
119. Economic shutdown/ g8 s" ~( b+ z' y4 E; _% b
6 N( d6 X# c+ K& R7 u
: V( z( ^% `3 {1 F. Z+ |9 |! Z
$ D: y' W1 l2 g2 R/ a" t8 a+ |
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
) ]3 y- F+ y( R# G+ `& s6 k/ l2 a* O! C, ~
6 q4 t$ V1 C2 aRejection of Authority
$ u: q, a, A2 h; U' }$ X4 z. m0 D 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 b: \* S* w. e1 W0 n4 }: _ 121. Refusal of public support7 l4 Z) f0 v. J$ _6 M; Z3 c
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- ]& N) t3 m+ ~; f; G7 c2 c: v! }8 R. o' g! |+ y9 I6 A* Y( P9 P
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ T8 {6 F* Q( D0 z8 z/ O 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* p8 k0 K6 @6 V+ c 124. Boycott of elections
8 v# G/ J3 R$ B$ P2 @ `" k; { 125. Boycott of government employment and positions, J6 A7 l3 @6 O( |
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% C1 k& D' ~) Q3 i
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" U* l: X! o5 `" V. C) {
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 U# z2 F' k N 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. ?; c3 S! @( X7 Z; z' g" `1 X v
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 j' @5 M% w A4 V% S# R/ n 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
: q; `6 F3 m2 W: O- j9 I6 |0 K 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" z4 F+ R! w$ ]5 }& {
( k( p5 R( O5 E7 Q8 X4 D
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 R; r' j; w! @, x$ C% j; ^2 L/ u
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* y5 H! ^7 K4 ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ F/ S! s$ w2 ?1 j* L 135. Popular nonobedience8 \& r- s' w7 Z* {$ O
136. Disguised disobedience: h5 e" A' {3 G S4 O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 n: ^* ~% A" ]4 g4 q 138. Sitdown
7 @! Z8 _7 E1 }) d& [ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 Q \2 |5 `7 d8 Z1 t 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ Q7 m# j o4 v+ ~, A+ u0 T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* Z/ W# B7 T$ n% Y
1 Q/ m' ?! C2 l- c$ D
Action by Government Personnel# ^3 R' m7 V, ^& V
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! P( h% h' s2 O& x9 q& d
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; z( @: H; M; t7 }* Z6 U# y) h
144. Stalling and obstruction
' h! V9 N% h. ?0 E 145. General administrative noncooperation
% c: C4 W1 f0 O+ G- X, [& ~* u7 L) |6 I! \. F3 b) K- N, U
146. Judicial noncooperation
* X7 T; \) x- ~1 \) K/ s$ S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' {4 ?! q8 o5 x6 L" X s; X 148. Mutiny
, k4 a# |" k P* lDomestic Governmental Action2 K0 P2 [! [! I( o
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' L& h' a% E+ g& V5 Z8 j/ P, w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 T& F: Y9 f$ |) F/ o0 \: U4 K# d
0 u6 T6 E/ t5 @; |9 NInternational Governmental Action
+ |. P9 J% ^/ D 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; [' i! c0 n7 A( s+ D+ o
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ \8 e% A' R" S% F: {! N, I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( S2 Q+ V5 M& \0 u( G 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 F# _# i- i J. P! Q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations: H; q1 t/ ?( E" T2 q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ Q6 |9 c7 N' R& `8 H
157. Expulsion from international organizations- C; e' F- ~9 f; G
# [ a( D8 u4 f5 g& e
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: @) ]" p: W G. h4 V, lTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
+ ~9 A& ?+ w3 a. ^7 r% x* A: b$ ^$ V* U, l# T) u1 x
3 z" G; J2 r! s: Z3 I
Psychological Intervention
6 A, s6 @; y, m 158. Self-exposure to the elements
% ^- F0 S! i( M/ l/ q 159. The fast0 b( H: | K5 O& L/ V% r h5 m
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 k! h- o, _4 M$ u0 @ b) Hunger strike0 ?7 W3 Y |8 A
c) Satyagrahic fast
, ^, h" \" A: s7 O 160. Reverse trial1 f* @3 G% S2 a. v( u* \" B
161. Nonviolent harassment
Y0 _" @9 E+ W4 Y4 S1 T3 @, z) X/ J' i
' |. ? x3 Y* Z7 y1 P7 [- MPhysical Intervention
9 X1 u. Z, m% e* @( ~) ? 162. Sit-in
4 K) @* W! b7 W5 V5 [% G6 J; ? 163. Stand-in
9 T9 y; D* }, T0 J7 M 164. Ride-in, B- ^; [+ j& v1 m% P# z' e8 b
165. Wade-in
* {" B( S. E+ A+ V3 s- ?; Z 166. Mill-in& v8 X$ U, `: w1 Y% L
167. Pray-in
1 ~9 M! C. |$ E) s5 u) L% r 168. Nonviolent raids$ m% w$ s& V0 @! D1 W/ D( d$ Y
169. Nonviolent air raids7 ~. g6 D+ A3 C! G% F" \6 D
170. Nonviolent invasion
! X$ \0 O8 }$ Q! [; T 171. Nonviolent interjection1 K d) i& l8 h! x
172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 u% t: Y0 ^' g% k 173. Nonviolent occupation
1 A3 }2 S% Q7 P
/ }( e$ f9 {3 r5 t0 l. TSocial Intervention
0 Y2 \8 N( W! ~: G# j. c( C 174. Establishing new social patterns/ A8 w9 @+ _4 y: D! p) c
175. Overloading of facilities4 Y$ y1 R0 K& C! Q+ I6 Y7 D
176. Stall-in7 ]; f& ~* q; X( y! e# o
177. Speak-in7 T2 }5 Y5 |/ g; Y6 C2 a+ B
178. Guerrilla theater
& u9 @. m* y0 T: w/ Y i7 D6 g$ W 179. Alternative social institutions
) I$ c1 M4 W5 o' ^+ e- l* h 180. Alternative communication system
! F# G4 Q+ t% k# M u/ _6 {( D
7 W$ z, A+ H yEconomic Intervention
* z$ ]7 [% P% V; h ~7 n0 ~ 181. Reverse strike! R+ i7 j2 ^4 l! R! H% O
182. Stay-in strike
3 S* w( _6 }* `/ ` 183. Nonviolent land seizure
( u( s5 V* ~7 J6 d: O. y 184. Defiance of blockades) O A" L9 W, n, M
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( \( B# N- ^! S1 a9 {( M& i% } 186. Preclusive purchasing
) |6 U! l) R) `$ O# i 187. Seizure of assets! p6 _: x) r1 @ u
188. Dumping* H0 x6 A9 [9 @% X2 B0 s7 u; N
189. Selective patronage
0 _) \. M+ i* ~# Y$ J( d 190. Alternative markets
' b. K& v+ u7 v( ~% p 191. Alternative transportation systems, w- ?9 _2 U# x7 _2 c7 q+ o; {- B
192. Alternative economic institutions6 O- ~! ~ c4 t; g
1 {9 |7 s! N ZPolitical Intervention" v$ }: @6 B/ |2 X
193. Overloading of administrative systems5 h' H) _ Q% m1 D8 M# y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- U) s& X; A) e 195. Seeking imprisonment0 F( e- Q5 _2 k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 y: ?2 x% P6 x2 J, M; t0 o$ _' p6 { 197. Work-on without collaboration/ S) ?" f4 @6 \
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
