 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' B7 ]9 y3 }7 `7 F6 X9 d4 F* RFormal Statements. J9 ^. y" N- U! o; F$ J0 g
1. Public Speeches% h' Z E) P# u+ |2 v. `. A+ o
2. Letters of opposition or support( k6 z! d* W% P
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 ~) q( E* n* d. T1 h5 p& o. K 4. Signed public statements+ h7 |" ]* u( ]$ W5 g& a
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 a) e$ X+ w, |! {
6. Group or mass petitions! p& [, j- O w) U/ b, I% {
+ ^. |9 d" n3 X$ U# o$ q
Communications with a Wider Audience+ |4 ~* y4 o( Y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! D, J: A S6 c4 c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) O z- q2 z/ F( V/ Q M$ _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
) ?5 S2 W# _6 G& O" }5 }3 e3 { 10. Newspapers and journals$ J* u! B! X6 d M" D9 {
11. Records, radio, and television9 m0 A/ O& V/ S1 v# e
12. Skywriting and earthwriting* E9 n$ ~3 ~( f
) z& F3 W* a) z' k/ r
Group Representations
, X/ P$ c0 U0 ?. @" L 13. Deputations1 D* q$ n& B6 n5 e
14. Mock awards' Q0 y" k4 c2 }& Q% C) u4 [
15. Group lobbying
7 q% G- G) |# b; q% e 16. Picketing& y& D2 g* u4 @2 x3 A
17. Mock elections% ]: \1 Z9 t- i* a# f \
: {# Z5 }: r& A
Symbolic Public Acts* ^$ {7 s" O( Y% Q1 b+ C
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
4 N: M& V" V" M: b 19. Wearing of symbols
2 _& ]( m E% D E. n2 [ 20. Prayer and worship
* ^6 T6 Y0 L+ ?3 ^& e# y9 s! M 21. Delivering symbolic objects2 f p* S8 b8 ~9 V) x6 \; c: |
22. Protest disrobings
6 D! ?5 N h: X3 w" | 23. Destruction of own property
1 r+ u- A @4 N 24. Symbolic lights# s& a# k6 @( Z& B$ l
25. Displays of portraits
5 l6 u' X$ C0 q4 {2 H 26. Paint as protest
% v5 O5 x7 [9 t; E) L) Q 27. New signs and names+ o1 P D% W$ D3 k
28. Symbolic sounds+ v# o' F/ D8 k* p. _0 o
29. Symbolic reclamations* `' `) H* l9 e% \! r0 X/ R
30. Rude gestures
6 ]* q3 k9 H" x, q& \' B3 \* X/ r. X9 P2 o: ^: T
Pressures on Individuals6 u/ t0 L! w) {- ~0 y4 ^0 c: [
31. “Haunting” officials
0 b3 x% O7 w- X, g- h 32. Taunting officials/ q- b/ I2 x3 c9 J3 ]4 i3 E9 B4 X
33. Fraternization
) `7 v6 ?& K2 C- b( X 34. Vigils
6 f9 h0 q- P. v3 @3 d, a5 R) R- @& V* E% Q5 \4 C
Drama and Music
! ~. b; p; X9 B: ] 35. Humorous skits and pranks
( X3 x' _3 L4 a, X8 n( r) g 36. Performances of plays and music
* o" \- G4 R$ z% @) j) ~ 37. Singing
( f6 p$ Y; H/ c5 _
: E. S5 m" D V0 x9 }; u, N- QProcessions( ~! L6 u& F: n3 a
38. Marches
; N8 }) O9 c- m! G4 F 39. Parades1 U- I7 v8 {3 {
40. Religious processions7 Q) i3 w! U9 r
41. Pilgrimages9 E1 Y: ~$ d' ^, ?( J& B
42. Motorcades' h! q4 p7 N/ W( M/ W5 P R
+ a. g5 ?2 D0 e- o% B
Honoring the Dead
) \/ A. ~9 k! e 43. Political mourning
. j# \+ j* E! q& k# T5 J, R. U( J 44. Mock funerals
: N# _$ B1 ~% z6 R% [6 f 45. Demonstrative funerals
0 e0 d! I( d' u 46. Homage at burial places, }) d6 r4 K( K7 ?6 H* N
. E# k. x/ C n
Public Assemblies
% W0 ?% W7 `5 a/ U 47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 f% d7 r* `% G 48. Protest meetings4 Q0 p3 t2 g& b, w; c. N( p1 a
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, ?, B+ U8 k5 }, y: i9 y+ {2 Z/ O 50. Teach-ins' v9 C6 U4 D. {1 K
- P/ m* m% e7 n0 aWithdrawal and Renunciation
0 B9 L0 o8 B1 _. b' q7 e0 I- R 51. Walk-outs
& W+ B5 J5 v4 p, v5 w+ f* V: D r 52. Silence
2 e2 m, A, R8 f. c' X, O* g 53. Renouncing honors
2 C! h3 K7 y- D/ K 54. Turning one’s back
& ] e/ @' U; O% i. [$ a. r: X7 ~' B
0 `: ~1 b2 _& `5 ?+ e" Z Z! X* X- y5 Y7 [
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
- X6 f t& o; u @) t
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1 n: G- h; Q, K* P) a9 C$ j7 ^- n2 u; ^( z
Ostracism of Persons
: o+ l2 _+ l; R, h; S0 ~6 s 55. Social boycott* W7 W, p d9 m. a6 G( n2 Z9 c
56. Selective social boycott
6 l+ Q2 t z% X/ J J3 |( S2 G 57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 u4 P, N: B9 Z( o 58. Excommunication7 y5 l( l5 A' \; D' I- ?2 }
59. Interdict
3 B8 j3 ]1 o) J2 W
4 F' K4 [9 Q, O3 Q; }Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ M6 Q0 z- @7 b( b$ X# A
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" x0 }& P3 O. d1 C$ ` 61. Boycott of social affairs
8 h2 r& l/ c' K! @+ @ 62. Student strike
J0 E7 s& V$ Z1 x) \ 63. Social disobedience+ O6 ~/ l+ ?8 R6 F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 x' y# c5 @+ N: X7 j' W0 S { v
! j+ o/ e# B+ Q5 R4 J/ c& n/ d+ K- R) ]Withdrawal from the Social System
" l0 y: l: Z B' A6 k, K: ` 65. Stay-at-home
1 s0 X: p$ m" Y# R7 T 66. Total personal noncooperation- \, H1 p# c8 V. T4 F* _
67. “Flight” of workers
9 X s+ @* o. ~0 C) d- G 68. Sanctuary$ t3 W( b! a9 U( P- C, ]. }" j r3 \
69. Collective disappearance" H; h6 [/ o) g2 T, W& K- l1 M J' D
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 m5 P$ K" V; T) V4 o$ K6 a; T% C% i" w( Z
' I, i2 S5 g* m2 }
4 k$ n4 ]5 I. z YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 Y1 U: u8 |3 }% x% K2 ~9 H
! ^' P% V: |) E1 n q" f & v6 s* k4 m& m0 f M7 u
Actions by Consumers# h6 j; @# i+ L- x3 i; S
71. Consumers’ boycott
6 K7 N# m ~* i8 ~- p9 B2 c5 s 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 ]; W/ r% S6 a6 q" Q 73. Policy of austerity
: X. M7 T& u/ g 74. Rent withholding
: ]# s2 H) N8 p 75. Refusal to rent9 K/ H5 }0 B `% X
76. National consumers’ boycott. S( X- v* K. N
77. International consumers’ boycott
5 n* o6 ]+ N' H F9 @! `. Y4 G# I F
Action by Workers and Producers
6 F' `" j7 s" n; A3 ~' Q7 d 78. Workmen’s boycott
* G4 H7 ]0 B5 s) |& X6 H. y% [+ s1 G 79. Producers’ boycott/ t' @( M1 |, Y/ E1 i* U! x0 M: M
% \, x, n! A( {( q1 W; {9 c- a
Action by Middlemen
' l) v; }. k! C" Y: j 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 I2 P4 C! m( W6 i; A
4 D' d, y/ u% R b) X
Action by Owners and Management
# N8 h. Q' j* b. d& P 81. Traders’ boycott
" L' P, o, w5 ~6 `' a7 h" ? 82. Refusal to let or sell property3 h& D) U S- v6 T
83. Lockout
5 _/ S I+ D0 C. p. ]3 Z( M4 v8 { o 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 E5 ~& x3 t9 J 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
3 c+ t7 f L$ Y+ e4 ]
) |, N- p }2 k$ _Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' {& u! ?5 Q. X2 p( A5 o, h 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ z5 T8 Y8 I& z( t y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) X1 T( _* @7 t5 r% S, ? b9 X) _8 N
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( Z8 P5 ^$ p* X4 J" Q: Q
89. Severance of funds and credit8 ]$ ]3 s0 \+ d" p$ y, L3 X, l5 K
90. Revenue refusal" t" M7 F. c- M7 Z3 `
91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 x! @; H& t, D9 @6 V
9 ]% ?2 U0 }8 ?6 qAction by Governments
: @ ~, a; a; A: Y/ n K 92. Domestic embargo/ A+ L% v7 t( C# I& M& I
93. Blacklisting of traders9 v0 ~7 F- ^8 p6 `* a
94. International sellers’ embargo
2 ?" o8 F" \5 \ T0 u 95. International buyers’ embargo; E# s$ n* A3 W5 U( N% @1 t
96. International trade embargo
8 ^% @- Z2 J2 m; E5 K! y& T5 _9 C4 D6 h+ x! o$ D' R5 o' ^: u5 g
" w% c; o* T- S
& Z' {3 G5 _, b/ e, d2 E* B$ gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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4 x8 z: ^1 B1 Y0 @$ q4 [) i * H6 N3 C6 V; u5 z8 y
Symbolic Strikes
5 m( p* i! N0 z 97. Protest strike. [9 J# F1 x( ^
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# `( W( Z I& \2 y \& I l+ p& ]# c/ C( z5 Q
Agricultural Strikes
- ~( Q8 u# C! }& o 99. Peasant strike
3 g0 z4 G" D9 [4 e5 C 100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ i- B! G0 _* t/ z) `& _4 l2 u- H2 P2 C5 o% O$ L
Strikes by Special Groups$ t( a+ q& r& W2 `( k1 G( Y6 D
101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 t9 ^# k# u2 b- c- q 102. Prisoners’ strike
9 _" h2 g, f& e 103. Craft strike
4 p( X3 @4 Y' E- I# b' |6 u 104. Professional strike
" f8 Q' _# i# Q
& _% r! W R) N; c, }- xOrdinary Industrial Strikes
& i3 `% @8 U! \4 f" v 105. Establishment strike
! j. {( g/ S8 b4 a2 _ 106. Industry strike
5 ]7 I0 ^$ b, c+ O0 [ 107. Sympathetic strike
5 U1 m: M# u) [% ^1 f1 n/ [# q( F5 B7 o; F( [; u2 I; _
Restricted Strikes9 w2 m2 C2 U% `$ D+ O
108. Detailed strike
6 h" A0 A$ n j2 K0 H" Z2 \) d& k 109. Bumper strike+ s0 e k; S& x k [2 k& S y
110. Slowdown strike' _0 _5 `. R9 U* t: \% |3 s
111. Working-to-rule strike n+ D8 l* S4 a
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 ]3 u) s$ m' ~" E; a3 g! @4 `
113. Strike by resignation% J' V# D9 u5 z# V+ Q8 \1 Y6 @* @1 k3 j
114. Limited strike. } z2 ^" Y$ h6 p2 W4 U
115. Selective strike
+ f6 X; I. H7 L+ d, |& G& @/ |8 O1 N! Z
3 z2 e( A+ i2 l" Y" E5 PMulti-Industry Strikes+ r' [( s' {# u1 o1 X! r/ }, P
& q- Q3 z( }: G& o4 L) ?# P0 ~9 N% l 116. Generalized strike% m* K2 S; Z2 y
- ^! k% c. W* y1 l6 X 117. General strike
& U( P& P5 ]& \- G4 p) y3 a( C; h% p+ Q) I3 `2 n9 e/ E
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures# \7 ]9 \4 ~" d6 b7 _) ^6 z0 A; t, }$ k
% `. R) {8 e* y' M0 J 118. Hartal
% |$ _9 J9 A3 L
0 a7 ?/ T! D+ N 119. Economic shutdown
, i% Y+ W9 ^0 X6 ]8 n- p' y0 @0 \7 O$ ~6 G8 }0 T
* K( W- ^( }! I' D. \/ h8 L$ O
: S: j* E' Q3 VTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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]' D* q4 H6 s) G3 _% C+ KRejection of Authority
- V8 }: w3 E. _ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ H/ ?: x$ h/ T( b) |4 Y, H, m1 r9 t
121. Refusal of public support
9 y( ]; v) m" h8 p* ` 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
" ^/ n% S: W6 I9 E2 V! N/ H' H- V
8 B+ d# B- Q8 m H6 F4 g: [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government, l7 L4 q' T$ M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. u7 I% G" _( W4 ]5 ~ 124. Boycott of elections9 T9 ?; d+ G) }; N2 u, E, D
125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 f4 Z& Z! L2 Q7 A8 F
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% o1 q: U: |+ ~) c$ N( V9 H! m4 I 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- r8 E3 m, c& F2 M& n$ ^/ S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" I( H9 A# S$ k g0 o3 d 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ @' w: Q8 P# n2 c+ ?: p U' K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* o, q/ k1 C, O) p
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 N! l8 A# C+ D" K 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
; a/ i/ N6 t& N3 [7 d4 z6 X, q
3 H! o m/ d4 t) H* j7 dCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 Q: g: l" c" f% b, E! u, E& K 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
3 F: S. \& r* t q5 J 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 E y: R2 l0 O% J& J 135. Popular nonobedience6 w/ f: v8 O2 c( T
136. Disguised disobedience
0 D7 G# L8 |, D' s9 k/ m1 R0 j 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ x- ^! {* e* }- ]- Q z 138. Sitdown
# |0 u: B/ B* F/ F 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
a/ |5 I' d' L( V7 |! f' z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 N- a' d% G' {% h1 @
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" B2 F- W8 K3 M- v% j) N- o
/ @ M6 @8 T1 Y9 s4 KAction by Government Personnel2 B* B% X+ \" ~8 k9 P
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- e; R& l- }3 f0 E5 A( | V4 B" S" M/ _ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
A- c/ ?7 C4 C4 j 144. Stalling and obstruction. J% m- Q$ I5 x
145. General administrative noncooperation/ Q5 G' J5 I$ L! S: `$ W
1 `' x% m6 n6 J9 l8 t. s- a+ E
146. Judicial noncooperation% z9 a; X/ E: k/ z/ T* y3 k6 \3 g
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 c X3 l' V- s/ |- k
148. Mutiny
) S9 D$ o; ?) s XDomestic Governmental Action
0 q' R" l& _; S5 n! i7 k+ Z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" `8 v3 S5 k/ y( O, M$ f* }
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
" d3 b9 r- B9 a4 U
# F+ T- |! ^) E3 ]( U6 }International Governmental Action
' w8 P3 `% H8 \9 G5 x+ l9 G+ n 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
|: V" ]5 s# b7 k! k/ A4 p 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
3 Z/ G1 ` a. [. B- X 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition K3 e- I8 F6 G$ o$ O, S5 ]
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- |' U: _$ w7 m! I# B; K 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 j$ {" {( h' P7 Q8 y6 G' W, G) G" N2 t 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. \6 j' Z( ]8 F2 f" N" h) H
157. Expulsion from international organizations
1 B# g0 C8 V" V1 f7 f L1 N% U2 R1 K, e
4 B' l$ m* {2 S) H; _3 }( x/ c/ y/ f; U X' I
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: y0 }, L. H* v* S5 X- d7 N
% W6 [1 C$ j/ [ z6 w$ } % V' X( S6 E. ]: D8 n9 g( R2 i
Psychological Intervention
0 }/ D& L/ v; I2 v6 W 158. Self-exposure to the elements t+ u" Y6 j% o- h" w2 I
159. The fast: R+ d2 L- u0 o2 D+ ]; \1 |
a) Fast of moral pressure( l: p4 |5 {6 w6 ~* k: h9 u
b) Hunger strike8 L0 e W- v/ u7 h
c) Satyagrahic fast
- E# N/ b7 G0 s- ]" i/ a7 {6 h 160. Reverse trial+ D: S# s7 @3 s: V2 b8 w* L+ S
161. Nonviolent harassment' L* `4 m! ^- o ]% i; {- g, }# k
+ S/ z" N1 Y' v( \7 {" T; ?: i+ VPhysical Intervention
: W- y$ G; g6 ^: ?7 q) l/ f 162. Sit-in
5 X& t/ k8 v+ A, g, P6 L* K/ L 163. Stand-in1 s+ K+ q8 _. \- e! N- W* y, q9 L
164. Ride-in
$ z' a! y$ x& D4 i/ u' ]$ z# ` 165. Wade-in4 ~/ O/ m3 A3 c1 s4 `$ P
166. Mill-in7 P ]% `& O9 N
167. Pray-in5 s' B2 w5 p: U
168. Nonviolent raids( i" Q& m2 s, i% q
169. Nonviolent air raids
) }+ j& A! j7 r2 B. Z! D4 \ 170. Nonviolent invasion0 G9 }; x7 j/ y
171. Nonviolent interjection
: [" s; o9 j" P b% k) J! p5 R 172. Nonviolent obstruction4 m$ q& j) }6 n# b2 D" Y4 o
173. Nonviolent occupation4 w: Z7 P( n6 M: }3 _' e
6 W( }) j& G4 t" V& |Social Intervention
" E! g4 U/ H5 T* L, C* U 174. Establishing new social patterns
' M1 P0 `1 O# s' {: j5 u0 I6 r: w5 w 175. Overloading of facilities
# u Y, t; g* `9 n 176. Stall-in1 A7 Y1 p6 d- n/ c
177. Speak-in; f4 p! ~# j' L6 x& k, ~7 J
178. Guerrilla theater
0 i( W% f# \. p- @- q5 G' n- @/ { 179. Alternative social institutions
" z7 i$ j C- v' P6 e" B 180. Alternative communication system+ x* i' o! B$ N
+ x# [1 E: o9 W- I0 x$ ^3 kEconomic Intervention3 X3 I3 ~' m' R ^; C7 N v' E
181. Reverse strike2 o8 c) v+ q; m
182. Stay-in strike0 @# y! R7 g9 b9 b
183. Nonviolent land seizure9 \( X, c' Z( W/ i
184. Defiance of blockades
# z; m% Q- ^3 I 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 y, N0 m: B! @" c* N4 T
186. Preclusive purchasing3 [+ y1 T! E# L1 c& D9 C% U
187. Seizure of assets( Q- `: u9 [, Z( B
188. Dumping
* M% i( t' }% a; m( I+ `8 G0 v; f( e 189. Selective patronage. h7 l* |' q0 m+ u+ B
190. Alternative markets9 |7 Y3 `; ]8 i5 M0 F( A& G. |
191. Alternative transportation systems$ H6 A' m0 J- |$ F
192. Alternative economic institutions- A- S" [. C1 M- M
; p( F) G7 C/ T1 CPolitical Intervention. M, N# h6 N u' h6 \
193. Overloading of administrative systems. @, T% j( T- @$ m* ^1 c
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; R( e3 \5 D/ T) n 195. Seeking imprisonment0 _8 |! K* O$ |+ L+ f
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) C& u/ S2 _% h; J. ~
197. Work-on without collaboration
! |; g1 G' [# g4 ?8 R0 v0 b2 K7 ^ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, g: U9 l8 n# Y; b S' l- S
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
