 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 l' t+ e& Y/ nFormal Statements$ U1 v, m% @# E2 H, H& l9 [9 m
1. Public Speeches M0 }6 {) z* D9 G+ a
2. Letters of opposition or support
9 ^' ~5 Y0 a% Z8 M0 R2 @0 N8 z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; D& I* v- l! H+ [# Z( y. R 4. Signed public statements* F# I. i3 u, X0 x7 w
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 J7 g! d! W$ { U
6. Group or mass petitions% \+ H4 f! r3 v
2 e$ L \5 c$ t% q3 P
Communications with a Wider Audience
, Z" i0 b7 i, \- t& h% H 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 K$ Y9 t7 [& p: F 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& ~- N4 e, X% d: y- {
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books- p1 T. \0 _0 o' q$ G6 x
10. Newspapers and journals
/ V) M! Z9 U3 | 11. Records, radio, and television
7 t: W: s, t/ f- u! j 12. Skywriting and earthwriting) V! W9 `: b- z& `+ Y x
2 Z; p% W# a5 Z# O2 aGroup Representations1 f$ w) z2 E5 f, |( _
13. Deputations5 j# W t8 B9 _8 ^: e+ X D
14. Mock awards- z7 v+ O/ L$ y2 d2 _' j* z
15. Group lobbying1 @/ Y, L) e# n) J& V0 f+ e
16. Picketing
" K+ r: {3 P/ a% q/ ^) K 17. Mock elections
2 B! W. K* B5 j% a% p" I# I5 O4 P0 [+ J
Symbolic Public Acts
& j/ G3 P$ e3 @8 @1 o 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 y3 ~0 q6 K8 E" O0 |5 d2 J 19. Wearing of symbols+ R9 w( j6 l3 s
20. Prayer and worship
4 |" H S5 U% l0 q. s 21. Delivering symbolic objects
i7 ^7 e) v5 `/ R& q* ^3 x 22. Protest disrobings
& {; \8 s/ I+ _' M4 e" g$ i 23. Destruction of own property
% r% E ^ R2 b! u+ W; V 24. Symbolic lights7 C; s! K7 F4 P# g
25. Displays of portraits/ P: V5 j; ^# S6 R- D0 ]
26. Paint as protest( L& ^! o5 \4 x8 Y. H3 a, e- e3 {
27. New signs and names/ k6 B# c7 ~9 ?
28. Symbolic sounds7 w% L% k7 t6 r. T- h% M' B& J
29. Symbolic reclamations) F4 T% o$ u ~ k9 B ^
30. Rude gestures) {2 w: E3 R" n6 J
3 ^) o0 T% ^) |+ z' `. a# |( T: pPressures on Individuals
) q% l7 e, t) I s9 X1 `3 J 31. “Haunting” officials) p ?9 {) J* j
32. Taunting officials
: _) _2 L% R Z- H, Q( Y* K! H 33. Fraternization* n$ o, S( R- i7 e. k
34. Vigils4 [2 D# I7 s* `/ a: H
0 s6 T9 `6 S: E' Q" I5 c5 }/ zDrama and Music8 ~# L7 r7 g& A' D9 B' W1 J7 E
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 r. ^* ^: U6 ]; O8 ?( W
36. Performances of plays and music
3 m; l/ V+ Z- H( y# A/ K$ ~# w 37. Singing* }! {# n/ M5 v6 c
* f* e7 E: _" P G, vProcessions
0 Q. Q2 W( w! S( F/ ?, m 38. Marches
' E: H9 q$ P; ^' e6 `* M4 @ 39. Parades
, R7 a% J5 i4 B# Z- K 40. Religious processions
4 M2 ~: n- P7 h' o5 u0 z8 ` 41. Pilgrimages
# X5 k" o/ v' t- c* o 42. Motorcades
. W0 W( K; r. }2 n
8 a; j0 w }8 D) F/ tHonoring the Dead K R9 i; x3 Z4 q
43. Political mourning
2 | y5 b) Y% J* K 44. Mock funerals
; O, [' f0 U4 P( b 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 z7 Y' \/ W+ F' e ` 46. Homage at burial places6 _- {1 c$ @! ]# w- J
0 Y8 }! }% Y1 O5 T
Public Assemblies0 l1 e7 M0 n+ d( k! l
47. Assemblies of protest or support
( ~* k3 _) B+ ?5 O 48. Protest meetings# f( @. a5 G; w) z* m
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' T) O# \; x; _! W! |8 Z 50. Teach-ins- i8 k' w+ R. P
`+ d3 Z# {5 ? WWithdrawal and Renunciation
* J# k1 i, P5 m5 Y+ K' Z 51. Walk-outs
. _1 E# N0 x+ ~$ N% o 52. Silence
6 v+ Q# j! o. {" G' x; q 53. Renouncing honors. f$ K* d: O+ U0 @7 N) j" B N4 P
54. Turning one’s back9 S* ?/ h. H- p
, F0 P0 h. M8 W$ D7 p, V" K ' g9 _6 H4 p3 B$ l5 e0 U' D+ q* s
: O) v$ G. h+ L1 p/ ^THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 u8 i) ~ ~, y% x) ^; k2 S 1 j( y, p. Q9 B5 g+ R, v
1 z- W4 [% ?- i' W; e# fOstracism of Persons0 }8 q" |3 N3 f7 Y. ]2 h% l# u
55. Social boycott
8 V8 M7 j, T9 r$ ]$ m: p+ \ 56. Selective social boycott c& _0 v. e; N" @9 l' g9 K
57. Lysistratic nonaction* k9 |; w+ k6 Z+ x- v* [9 Z4 p
58. Excommunication
; j8 X+ r4 u0 V* s( \2 x! e! K" u; L 59. Interdict: J# z8 J* Z; r5 t/ v& {2 j1 f
- U; s/ j5 Z- |4 i/ A' PNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ g/ I8 l( c( y4 d. c
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 p/ M8 \4 W4 ~+ \6 o5 | 61. Boycott of social affairs9 \5 h2 a4 J: z3 w
62. Student strike
; J$ ^3 n$ m6 L r5 r5 l 63. Social disobedience
0 A# P, \9 K2 d* D6 _ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ p! I( B; s6 l' x
# b v" o8 J7 q' F1 j7 ^" t0 y' ?
Withdrawal from the Social System
) _1 m0 ?3 \, o* h* a 65. Stay-at-home- N& I- P! u7 `( {3 w5 E6 ?
66. Total personal noncooperation, G5 `; d# d0 L$ e( V4 N
67. “Flight” of workers
8 C! }+ a& Z8 m& @& s( [ 68. Sanctuary
5 Y; \! i% {8 H* Y 69. Collective disappearance
/ } u W5 }$ G( o 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): A3 ^0 e2 J# F" u
+ u; N7 W+ A3 m
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. x. f/ q2 b! J4 KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
9 J" `4 \. L/ n, |0 S 71. Consumers’ boycott
% r+ `' H5 H' |* V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 ?" b8 W. {; r4 K+ P$ T 73. Policy of austerity+ N; c6 R! ^0 ^' w) J
74. Rent withholding
! \/ v' P( J- v 75. Refusal to rent. ~2 t/ ^% \0 C. b! k5 _
76. National consumers’ boycott
% w9 C' K: B+ h+ r6 Y& O+ L 77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers% h$ W3 G- i; J/ W
78. Workmen’s boycott
+ P1 g4 Y' W$ X% N* `: ~* I! v" q 79. Producers’ boycott* _2 n1 u k. y
( [$ j% N& ^# g! ]# x. o/ f% s }
Action by Middlemen
5 ^2 X& e" d* @. a/ R 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% d2 J$ d" v% J* }4 _) s
" t, ^) v' E8 F# A U! I0 L* L6 SAction by Owners and Management
% Q' W8 P" ~* ]2 y' M2 k* Q 81. Traders’ boycott
- A+ B2 s# U* v2 n+ r. f 82. Refusal to let or sell property
, B( Y3 C3 I% W4 x9 ~1 V 83. Lockout
) I5 J6 I1 U+ n5 u 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 k1 s6 ]" Q3 Y' z1 Q 85. Merchants’ “general strike”, e3 i& O( F# S8 T- J- H/ |
; Q3 r) M8 `+ C/ b9 A& D7 V
Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 c; [. R- M& q! P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, V; Z8 ]# Z" u5 \& | A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ J7 z$ C2 c( y8 l/ T. u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ d3 \. k, h/ _9 T8 T" [ 89. Severance of funds and credit
5 P/ d, Y+ g- Z/ M% _6 ` 90. Revenue refusal/ c y" r" q3 p( i: X7 C# P" z! s
91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 n& I/ c- M6 T* D; x2 S4 ~( l2 v5 ^3 W$ @7 k
Action by Governments- }9 ]1 T' ^. D" `$ ~
92. Domestic embargo, [) y D* q1 m
93. Blacklisting of traders
0 ^5 z( W& @5 ^( u0 E 94. International sellers’ embargo6 n4 m3 s' x9 W# b2 p6 z
95. International buyers’ embargo
" B3 F/ p2 O* C4 p 96. International trade embargo" i% m- |) h% g* Z; o
2 m1 L& F$ u9 p x5 D- t( Z
% L; V* [ }$ A- U S, \
4 g# `: Q) X" V* p! R; kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 a8 m0 a! ]$ V# e2 c8 |0 @
8 u* x% r4 P: Q! ?( s
7 {) b6 i+ Y8 U1 o6 O6 `Symbolic Strikes
: o# c1 }3 C$ n/ t( t. R 97. Protest strike. C& e7 B$ x& q7 J$ N `
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)+ L$ T# h$ t( X% u A
6 [, e0 Y/ z6 N$ A) q9 N% o
Agricultural Strikes
y) X5 z# m8 B+ Z 99. Peasant strike
, M% g: v8 e! I' { 100. Farm Workers’ strike) _9 [! J) s7 j% E% X9 [
: D# @. `5 x5 c1 X" i5 ~Strikes by Special Groups2 t. i5 c2 B% `0 o# x
101. Refusal of impressed labor
- C6 b5 y. q& n% b1 b$ v 102. Prisoners’ strike5 q1 C$ G' J% } f* u
103. Craft strike
, f% I) b; i7 _0 a4 X5 u 104. Professional strike$ m1 |! ?. z @! L% Z
( f8 ?$ r8 U/ ]+ r' k
Ordinary Industrial Strikes- q' p7 I, o, M+ a
105. Establishment strike
" c7 w! W) s4 O) \4 x7 J 106. Industry strike4 `* w8 n* u4 v2 N T6 k; D
107. Sympathetic strike
. r1 X' i5 ?6 Y7 j% p# d& R3 v9 \2 ]
Restricted Strikes
+ {! l9 A# ~' ]: u, Z 108. Detailed strike
5 }* g: B0 c" E- Y 109. Bumper strike8 t$ a, v$ y9 E4 k+ u$ A3 b3 w! w3 M
110. Slowdown strike2 d6 r0 m6 }7 A' _
111. Working-to-rule strike
+ n; T1 Y5 Q9 ^' W 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. x) [3 \6 C% B; ~: z3 _3 F 113. Strike by resignation
" I$ y6 w. D: @7 a6 k6 _ 114. Limited strike9 L0 m) ~+ P# G2 U
115. Selective strike/ N T5 |) G1 X
: I( R$ Y# W0 h) t- F* w
Multi-Industry Strikes, H/ k) }3 _4 r3 k; H5 L" p
9 t2 t! F* L* K/ d4 N0 A @; ]6 \
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike6 ]' q8 S% X! H" e2 R
. g0 x" ?( B, C( i' Y, ]7 {0 ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( u% r U: p. P) n. A
: N- L C+ n! l) {4 R. i 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 b6 F3 T& n$ C; N' T" i
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Rejection of Authority
) f1 {0 ~/ T6 A 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* ^7 K s7 O. k v+ k: S 121. Refusal of public support
5 Z4 I4 J1 L, [- [" k7 Y* v/ t. @ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! J) b: B' U* w$ z% G! O0 H) p6 z
& U/ f- Q& c. W: YCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ w( ^# k# C' i3 s6 q2 S9 k8 ^ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies# y2 E& l) d/ Y: b+ ~% Q5 P
124. Boycott of elections. T0 d0 o) c+ k! p; o, e! O0 m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 }7 o" _% F2 b+ }- w' \
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( V: r* L5 }4 w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. O; x v8 c+ {% n2 q/ F+ ~ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations V. T' M& A+ A: k4 A5 P, ^; m- P% R
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( j J, P; {2 `" J+ O
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 I1 B; P! M8 w) t- h/ w; @ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& j7 ?2 T1 g8 T1 J 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) i5 {* J6 t3 O& a+ A* {% C9 l, L9 {% x5 c5 E
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 b. i. f2 P; X. d* ]
133. Reluctant and slow compliance" ]) |8 j7 g9 @% o" z- e
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 c5 i- i9 w* x9 _/ f+ f6 G 135. Popular nonobedience
3 }! p+ `1 u4 I5 L# y 136. Disguised disobedience
9 Y& q! y% t. ^8 t7 m, |* S/ R1 I3 K 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. l5 m+ T5 P% Y- z% p% f+ k3 R 138. Sitdown2 P: |& F' G( ]; ^- b+ r5 x' G) J* v
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 {7 t6 h3 N6 n* ? 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
q5 B1 I, M5 i" f+ z# ^- z5 N/ z: T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 m% }$ h) o+ J5 E3 J" X3 {2 I6 B' H; p9 q. z6 x; y8 v0 ~
Action by Government Personnel$ g( |* I& x2 G9 T# w. \# |3 |: Q2 i
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% W! u7 i( b- K) v/ y7 b 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 j9 L9 V* U) ]( [ R 144. Stalling and obstruction
6 z& b, D: c6 C9 Y- m7 { 145. General administrative noncooperation
) [4 H; Y3 R5 k# A0 g8 |) _
. S; Y3 }7 X" e) | d0 s/ t- k7 [ 146. Judicial noncooperation
" q. H) e# X/ }! n$ h( p 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- |9 s5 v, _: h' T 148. Mutiny
. m# A a7 Q8 l8 z) lDomestic Governmental Action. M' l5 R5 {$ G) ^7 Q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! F/ ?1 u( {; x6 L
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" M2 v4 Q/ S- @( x) J, o
! W( J6 p/ a3 P7 h1 j l4 }# nInternational Governmental Action
. r f1 ]% e S, w9 {3 u 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: ?8 M; O7 a6 ]
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" U7 [( v# w/ b5 c9 J( \/ I7 a4 O 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! H6 [$ @0 c. R. F% H
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* P9 g9 V7 |+ d 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 h9 V5 n$ x; Z8 u 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ k- C2 d' _% I; D( k- j0 L: H& ]
157. Expulsion from international organizations7 E g8 x; b) D4 m8 n2 |
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7 y/ L8 l+ J/ ]* p( OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
- O. c. x. P- H" | 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 ~9 S/ w2 Y0 G( m# W
159. The fast
6 f* H& H) F2 i! Z4 M4 C1 `& g4 K5 ~ a) Fast of moral pressure
3 d6 r0 Z& o3 Y! e b) Hunger strike
$ V$ M& B5 b, e+ m/ Y; n1 k8 A0 P/ ]# L c) Satyagrahic fast
" S& G( \5 y8 b- F* t 160. Reverse trial
4 A( ~3 o/ u E$ I: C* U 161. Nonviolent harassment
1 {5 ]1 [" P1 V" L8 ?$ W/ ~& V& p+ V* K) v# I' N5 Q6 i2 B
Physical Intervention/ d( T/ T7 e6 x2 v
162. Sit-in
' {' r4 d2 _6 v& ~! S( l" Q 163. Stand-in" `9 |, c8 N! ?. d6 x/ J* ?) a1 s
164. Ride-in
?/ n: N+ I6 R) H 165. Wade-in3 a h) j3 B' x" l. [) A, O
166. Mill-in
4 Y9 q+ Z- c4 R7 D4 m 167. Pray-in
- |/ \9 b1 J* d4 X4 K: F2 B. a 168. Nonviolent raids
+ q% E9 N. I7 B' Y 169. Nonviolent air raids' U3 B! Q, k# h6 v
170. Nonviolent invasion( n5 Y$ ^. I( j+ b% K
171. Nonviolent interjection: P9 d$ F2 V( m3 L5 ]7 \
172. Nonviolent obstruction
" n& o. U+ Y+ s7 }8 S 173. Nonviolent occupation
3 M" y* G: }0 J( I6 ]7 Z! U& J
+ {1 B J. f$ Z; p* pSocial Intervention6 |- Y# z. D. U: \0 G
174. Establishing new social patterns" R2 k- a: i# q; F6 q" ]/ X
175. Overloading of facilities
9 r4 J; _8 T% S: C" d! ` 176. Stall-in2 N. d3 X0 @6 w8 z2 G& k& }( m
177. Speak-in3 r5 C: P3 h0 l) @* \# ^" ~8 F8 U; t3 s9 D
178. Guerrilla theater
1 P# e5 ^# W+ f4 V7 w. v 179. Alternative social institutions
+ a& b1 [1 H+ g: c# F0 W V) m/ l 180. Alternative communication system: ]* s: d0 {& s r/ L( q
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Economic Intervention0 t' j" z- V) [$ i" F3 [5 a: B1 ]' M
181. Reverse strike# [2 }# V$ J3 z8 ]% A! A' b7 s
182. Stay-in strike* c: |6 |, e0 Z2 C
183. Nonviolent land seizure
9 V. {" N5 C( t1 L4 f 184. Defiance of blockades
/ k2 @+ i# Q0 X# ] 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& d8 |( ^( O# W% R- R! ~ 186. Preclusive purchasing7 D3 w* |. E6 |9 |, N
187. Seizure of assets3 H& I& ]9 C1 M' E
188. Dumping3 R3 y. t( \% J M" l; j
189. Selective patronage
' X3 h& Z, W2 r' d( S/ o2 P- J# T 190. Alternative markets
8 X$ i4 |" m& \, ^- w; J- W 191. Alternative transportation systems0 s! {1 G. I& X% Q: ?# @4 y
192. Alternative economic institutions4 O6 W; f& r" P4 N8 K8 F( D
' `4 c, u! N5 c4 iPolitical Intervention2 U+ j* G/ @3 d9 I5 Z5 S
193. Overloading of administrative systems& p1 g" Z8 q, X$ {
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" D; g2 |4 \' Z" i$ t$ m$ t 195. Seeking imprisonment6 D- L$ @! r0 y) |. A
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. T; N$ }. `% ~8 i2 ]+ [
197. Work-on without collaboration
) h. c, J% [3 h& C 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
