 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# ^$ K) A1 _6 a1 q" B
Formal Statements
' P1 j; t% z' m# _3 A8 r 1. Public Speeches
$ ]0 j* b5 p# v& M/ o 2. Letters of opposition or support
2 j: d r# H& z5 I% D+ A 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ B" b0 N7 v* \+ U, U7 ]5 v 4. Signed public statements
- @) M$ F/ O8 Y5 R' x8 }5 V 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
V& `8 y& C) o/ ]. O+ W* j 6. Group or mass petitions
1 ~: \# \ I4 _ c# N/ F6 f
3 U( ~5 s+ a% D8 p' H6 j5 k! A* DCommunications with a Wider Audience
3 \( L7 p$ t% h% w6 S# `- f 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 p, W, q% J: j6 r' T0 b! X" J0 G! b 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' {) l" V: Q5 j8 V 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
. N9 b) l" v: w6 Q/ f7 H3 l! x6 s 10. Newspapers and journals% u) m: b2 x6 v
11. Records, radio, and television/ T) \! H" I+ b4 E0 Z+ a
12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 r9 N" L; Y! H: Q
* T3 G6 m& p2 B: z
Group Representations2 P4 L+ T) H; G( B: u* z
13. Deputations
- r- Y# n2 R; B! h9 C' _, P) D- t0 j 14. Mock awards
% C8 f7 L; I7 V2 n1 D 15. Group lobbying0 F) N. I& D( o8 L
16. Picketing- Z1 u2 {0 [- x! H0 f
17. Mock elections
. h& |( l4 @% G* y6 j& B
$ N4 [& `; f) b$ v4 U6 z' [Symbolic Public Acts
) b0 Z$ M$ C- ~, ]; v" W+ d" e7 O 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 ?3 a# m/ m: g, o 19. Wearing of symbols
2 X- R9 p7 `3 ?, k- C8 T) c7 } 20. Prayer and worship
) [& K/ ` Q6 \/ L; [+ p 21. Delivering symbolic objects! B* A3 i, y) h' U
22. Protest disrobings" m' o, `7 l0 W5 ^/ x
23. Destruction of own property
8 {$ H8 I! @5 o; f. m 24. Symbolic lights3 m: \7 O2 ^2 A9 b
25. Displays of portraits
( Y' O* V Z& l 26. Paint as protest7 G. R6 O i# u: D. ~* H# [3 `0 S5 y
27. New signs and names9 V2 d( ]/ k, ]9 d7 h" q/ _, M
28. Symbolic sounds. Y+ I# h; ]8 H: T, ?
29. Symbolic reclamations2 D% ~, |6 s- T
30. Rude gestures
- O& C* q O9 a: U H6 p; `/ q( k$ z; o
Pressures on Individuals ?7 E' n7 E3 d! Q0 `; g7 W& | t
31. “Haunting” officials
' W9 H& e2 u- b+ F& ` 32. Taunting officials) Y3 M7 m. o/ c
33. Fraternization
; n- n7 d7 X* `! ?' I 34. Vigils
" L6 ^- J- |8 B; W! ^6 H8 Q9 O5 k" S ]
Drama and Music
# a6 ?8 w$ }7 z: l' `8 g: R 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 d" S9 Z9 R- M6 \4 h 36. Performances of plays and music0 r# @4 H) {3 Z6 x. |; ^* m9 x$ ?% J( r/ b9 o
37. Singing7 ~2 d! c% l6 }1 [3 f$ z
! ~7 U! M! |: P
Processions
' R$ Q. d5 X- d/ N5 j! W 38. Marches
1 q) s- t: p1 o+ d' H; z 39. Parades
/ ^4 f; f& Y0 ^( C 40. Religious processions/ [$ t( Y* U- ~. e0 I4 ~* I% x
41. Pilgrimages
9 \* F- C% D6 V4 k' [2 P 42. Motorcades* H2 X: {2 u7 j; h
9 a# O4 W# h B* K" l" k PHonoring the Dead
9 A/ l A; d- t8 H# Z) C& K( @ 43. Political mourning
# z7 b c( K! U 44. Mock funerals
$ }# |! w. I: C3 \ 45. Demonstrative funerals4 H( d9 n% K% }# l% K9 @# u9 C
46. Homage at burial places
# y5 a& ~! G% ~3 x8 N& h+ ?- D" P4 h$ D5 `
Public Assemblies& I& O+ z) I$ X- \
47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ b5 R- f! Z/ q 48. Protest meetings
2 u0 x% S6 J3 X9 d' H; |! I 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- o5 } f n2 d' d# Y
50. Teach-ins
) T4 Q' K, J0 u) }, d
' ~+ P d* G A) ~8 ^Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 q- ? I5 l+ I6 A1 y4 J! e4 r 51. Walk-outs7 f* P9 h- r' B4 [# R1 K0 ]/ U2 k
52. Silence% G4 B) H5 r. r6 ~+ e' S/ k: {& v+ G
53. Renouncing honors& s$ y2 L) D5 e& {9 O7 ]
54. Turning one’s back8 m0 L @( z; f# _
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" i0 X- w( I8 CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ Q* ^5 B1 j) F* G4 O1 b4 G" M S
X3 a: P: j* Z# T
' m! C8 T9 `# \: ^3 h/ `9 WOstracism of Persons
2 r% {/ z" d0 C6 G 55. Social boycott0 d& O: T- |0 q# K9 x
56. Selective social boycott
7 O0 o4 B1 g' P( | 57. Lysistratic nonaction3 ]# H- }: S B, ]$ X/ P* x
58. Excommunication, d" D% m1 n# c$ X% q
59. Interdict' K( t8 S Z: i% r2 n& `; L
: c+ [* U! B) q: N+ ENoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions' f0 C: u$ f p, s
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 S0 U+ m' a" K ?6 ` 61. Boycott of social affairs
1 K* b7 p9 O3 ^& W 62. Student strike
* M0 U' Z7 }- F; W# O6 L& c, H0 _6 g 63. Social disobedience; c. C8 k+ ?! @6 d# W5 }
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* {7 x3 ^9 n8 g
6 t& |; k. e% P$ R8 LWithdrawal from the Social System p; v7 \% F' t' c7 c8 D E+ u
65. Stay-at-home
0 J, _1 i: V) V L; z 66. Total personal noncooperation" _& }# {2 o5 I, C
67. “Flight” of workers
8 b8 _7 p. X7 A# i3 G# I3 O 68. Sanctuary# N9 Z) Y: j4 W2 l
69. Collective disappearance3 ]% @: G( a! j4 V9 d
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 X3 ]1 Y i4 g1 ^. P7 B c u3 S
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" q# d8 ?1 H- Z% e& Q# R' sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
/ H9 q2 P! ]; w4 M$ H1 G* ]* L3 x+ Z8 d6 @$ C: p6 ]2 W: a3 l
1 f [! {2 z( C% U6 k, L, R8 l% pActions by Consumers( z6 Q9 S) _( M$ _! o9 U$ [
71. Consumers’ boycott7 v2 i1 [; |* r& @3 k
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, d7 @* D9 z" C1 t8 P
73. Policy of austerity- z, `6 q& e& y4 {
74. Rent withholding
" h J9 G3 X& S9 \/ n5 j 75. Refusal to rent+ ?' V+ A$ S" H$ e/ E, N! n! Z
76. National consumers’ boycott
7 g! e4 W8 K9 @; t {4 _$ s 77. International consumers’ boycott
; x0 ^ }9 m0 `5 R
8 S' [% Q+ D6 v& ?1 ^Action by Workers and Producers$ \7 I) {* x, p" s8 X ~# e* T$ _
78. Workmen’s boycott( ~) d8 D7 b2 g$ B4 V
79. Producers’ boycott
0 X' J2 K, d' [5 r* r/ L# z
" ?# e0 h. l G$ a3 N, @Action by Middlemen
- {7 _( l& n1 K 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 |! ^: w* d* U* h) _9 I! N' S
2 `9 ]" u1 i" S$ M; F/ JAction by Owners and Management
. j& \+ _ }3 X# v6 x# y7 c 81. Traders’ boycott$ R; s% g. N# F/ s. j8 b
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ A9 n: U7 Y: n1 o 83. Lockout
( V; P: O3 f8 e& t, i* t# f4 ` 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
" f' q, s$ t0 V2 [6 i 85. Merchants’ “general strike”: ?( I: l9 w" M+ C1 @) c) ~
4 N. W! M. }. N/ X4 FAction by Holders of Financial Resources
' m- _# S9 G+ N 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 w) P1 r6 Z4 Z# J
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ q1 J0 |; I5 [7 R
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 x& P5 ?0 ~, x+ y
89. Severance of funds and credit
0 h$ l! V0 ?7 n& E0 T, d' L; _ 90. Revenue refusal
' A6 V) d0 o2 @& n8 `+ P$ K2 s1 P! y+ x 91. Refusal of a government’s money; V4 W2 M3 }- \5 U- D: P1 Z, V/ g
( {8 z {4 a) t. GAction by Governments" g& ] o) M% F
92. Domestic embargo
& X3 x+ D5 ]& [9 }# h. H3 g0 x 93. Blacklisting of traders6 `) c' y2 x; m4 n, `
94. International sellers’ embargo
1 p* q7 q8 g! W' s8 S" J$ n 95. International buyers’ embargo3 \9 {+ M- ]; E
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE. Z/ p% @6 y0 O7 d; S3 s( |8 y
& r0 J% E2 Q+ A2 S* q% N7 c
. Q7 y" W d" q+ n- qSymbolic Strikes
0 j# t9 R3 l6 }& w& n 97. Protest strike
! o% D# I/ ^$ q: u4 [ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: Q6 R. D {, W$ t2 l
1 c- P/ Y+ ^5 I+ f5 zAgricultural Strikes
% X! _. J; P3 b" K; A9 z# B 99. Peasant strike
& l l5 \1 a# t+ Q4 u 100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 k) p$ g1 K6 k9 q* y5 S. r7 K9 G3 q# M* b
Strikes by Special Groups. d: p. E- y8 Q R+ G' g! m
101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 \2 Q3 A3 y+ {4 s" T 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 V1 z7 M/ R4 w' M 103. Craft strike n/ X7 M' I- w4 J; L& r7 z
104. Professional strike
# A: y$ }5 A! r7 p- t5 i9 a K% `3 ?" X5 [
Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ F3 a x2 I5 X
105. Establishment strike$ K* k; s5 K3 D K+ z. d
106. Industry strike7 F3 K' p6 d3 M8 P
107. Sympathetic strike$ j/ J6 _* @* D3 l. }: J0 ?# @' n
2 Q7 A+ b/ S, a* QRestricted Strikes
9 Q0 q. s, w2 j+ ?0 h 108. Detailed strike2 ?* @3 v' o- [1 Q4 C M& e
109. Bumper strike
& q# v' p' x$ x# g: \8 E$ B 110. Slowdown strike
7 u( ?& X+ j, Y! W" Y* f 111. Working-to-rule strike7 D9 c! x8 Z+ \) ]1 I
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 A: {9 o% M6 R, d+ T' f
113. Strike by resignation
9 M$ P% x q' k8 Z- B4 e 114. Limited strike
1 h. V5 V9 u* ]) B: W 115. Selective strike& j5 o" J/ s, C1 x
8 g5 ?" O; P8 h+ o: BMulti-Industry Strikes* A! u: d9 z" z, Q
) B; ?$ R" Y4 G$ D/ }( d 116. Generalized strike- m' Y, L8 }+ Z, }' X+ @$ _
. f$ e( @& f, f' p5 G/ r+ j 117. General strike
1 a4 s/ p/ a* w) t7 C# C' I, Y: h+ j& p( n2 d* @
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
' t4 \2 f. |9 M3 q. w
$ y; o) q% P# U# e( u 118. Hartal* U# Q% s- k2 k4 j$ J+ P' a
$ e. E' [' L5 a, K9 c 119. Economic shutdown
X; c& t7 \8 @( a9 M5 i' R* B- l* d
& g7 ?* Z i; |3 L9 x& q. S0 l 4 a: G& @; x3 ~0 ]1 l% j
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION s/ |( ^3 j' E
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b+ x9 b ~" S& w1 N& Y( R
Rejection of Authority
$ i9 k" D4 I" D3 L 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance! j6 }- @( o+ A: b% Q8 p* a
121. Refusal of public support
. i7 A, X) c0 m/ ?4 u 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, q) V5 C' i3 S# }& q& s }! l
* P( x- ]) g( g8 |" f! D' c5 p1 tCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government, ]- t# |) X) D! i5 b/ j
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ Z, ~ U0 \' B) W9 B; t
124. Boycott of elections o% r. @) C; b2 U+ f& w1 C' y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions, e. M$ Y) g3 o- Z- I. n
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" ~, G* `6 ?$ Y4 n, }9 w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 U# P. s3 w- P F& Y- o2 h# t 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 n, I9 g( M5 I7 N6 J7 n$ D
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, g U4 G, E' Z7 j) J7 s; P
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. C C" l" `& i5 [
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# E9 c# ~- r+ L* F5 e2 N" T4 M 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 m3 X9 z2 ]/ b: B$ m1 a4 f! _0 C3 M: i' I: Q$ L5 g4 ^( | Z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
) Z( C# }: g- R0 ]2 C* L 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) q4 e3 C' \& m, |4 E& _ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 {# U) q6 _; d) T$ O% {2 O 135. Popular nonobedience7 q! y% r4 U N' V
136. Disguised disobedience7 G! K2 b/ t$ \/ w. k+ B8 Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 u/ X7 ~2 u# G. d- ?3 c* T& Z% k+ u' a+ j 138. Sitdown
, k, U" @3 ^! g$ ^7 Q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 O: {" }3 T" x 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* ]- M* n! {! D% Z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# d. @+ [, H, V6 F( ^; i5 \
- f7 ?1 N0 g- D a# v Z0 @Action by Government Personnel( M/ \5 C! P5 ^# G- `6 y ^
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 j% i1 a5 M/ P/ ?2 ^* _ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 }( I0 d# ?7 z9 v$ f5 q
144. Stalling and obstruction
- W9 o* A+ J x5 ~4 f; m 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
h1 O/ K5 r5 b6 @7 E 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 ?2 f0 v( P% Q5 u9 K
148. Mutiny/ ^. L' b' ?, z
Domestic Governmental Action1 O6 V3 R( f! j4 f- V3 V# {( ^
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 l* h9 r7 |# {( d6 ?+ v" b
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* M+ H$ c! K' `. N1 B
; i$ C5 Z% p7 _" h. G% g
International Governmental Action
, u" B# x" G' O, E0 H9 s8 Z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" q% {; _2 A; [* I
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ W- j ]8 t8 z6 O( V9 u 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! H0 w+ j* l; B1 V% x* L: F
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 p& a! q; Q" F 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
x% S/ c8 X. ^, [! T% ` 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 u+ l# F) n7 I O
157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 P% H- M1 ?6 ]; E% p N8 ?+ E+ |5 g8 r( s
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1 h, Y' e( m3 v4 L
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION X0 N; ^9 _: n# F$ ?, P
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+ W* D& ^0 c5 q3 O" VPsychological Intervention
* n. [$ j% z- t, W! s 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# w0 p" g6 F; o2 Y 159. The fast3 E! g0 s M' k8 H& w/ A
a) Fast of moral pressure
2 P$ ^0 H! [* I b) Hunger strike( @' G, `/ r6 P4 B/ H% P W2 J
c) Satyagrahic fast* F$ t$ d3 c1 a$ _; ?# H
160. Reverse trial0 Y. E) _& D6 ]# M. ]
161. Nonviolent harassment, t2 X* \: @: S( l
; {: B( \% X [; C
Physical Intervention
8 w3 e2 a. Q- \9 @. i/ H0 o2 R 162. Sit-in# b& S$ ^' h# _
163. Stand-in
) O7 J8 k( }( ^! o \' ^% D% Y5 y 164. Ride-in, V3 T6 X9 h' w' H7 z6 [6 e
165. Wade-in# v& }- B- ^5 E n6 L" d
166. Mill-in, O# S3 n, Z, f. \0 j- Q
167. Pray-in( t* E( @( U- K G
168. Nonviolent raids
4 Y; G; B% j/ E# p. x0 V: z 169. Nonviolent air raids2 {, p2 H3 u, s) E' @# J
170. Nonviolent invasion1 J* ~: W% o: n) H
171. Nonviolent interjection& ]6 t% ^) q! |3 ]* P: K7 `; [$ E3 K
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, y, T3 q7 x$ m: G 173. Nonviolent occupation
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+ r# ?( O3 X2 W- dSocial Intervention
, ?2 o! J9 f0 x) r1 n 174. Establishing new social patterns
! d; a8 N' S+ t& N! e+ h$ I+ a1 v$ z 175. Overloading of facilities
1 |! s+ J# @/ ]3 ~ 176. Stall-in
9 p. C' Y( ^2 A5 S, i& X# P 177. Speak-in
; c9 U! `$ ]% q1 t 178. Guerrilla theater6 W* n. i# `7 P
179. Alternative social institutions
3 a+ z0 q9 R. | 180. Alternative communication system
+ s/ q* N! T% I0 ?7 ]5 q9 B
/ B) E( E0 s: Y. [- ]* P( \+ fEconomic Intervention
+ t4 h. e% Z. g- l 181. Reverse strike9 U: u! y5 {, J3 y0 Y; R5 E2 r1 L
182. Stay-in strike' d, f X! E6 Y- O
183. Nonviolent land seizure
- S* t6 K, M5 x, l- E$ ~+ |: ~2 @ 184. Defiance of blockades
4 \# J# i$ b) A4 `. f; g$ ^. | 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 K" t9 |- c: v+ c+ c" C$ U- Y 186. Preclusive purchasing# E" l; f, Q$ q+ W( l6 B4 G( ~
187. Seizure of assets! o: M/ x8 Y, d+ l# ]
188. Dumping7 {/ |6 ]" j/ h0 j/ k
189. Selective patronage4 [0 s: Y' N" v s& c
190. Alternative markets
2 F, n/ m0 l( R* k7 P* J: h; d 191. Alternative transportation systems
* {2 w o1 Q6 E0 \7 Z 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 p* N4 j8 [1 O! f0 z
]- K* o$ m. m6 E) KPolitical Intervention
$ z: ^: f4 K8 K/ F 193. Overloading of administrative systems; K% v4 r3 ]: o( }7 R; s
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 _* o0 n) o M
195. Seeking imprisonment8 A; u$ n: u8 y% u" ~: S# p& A ~
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 F/ A5 M2 E& T% D% ?! q% \5 F x 197. Work-on without collaboration, y7 R; `) z$ E: ~
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
