 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' A3 h$ t# Y6 O- d3 C
Formal Statements! s0 S1 T9 f3 d& ~% M- m
1. Public Speeches. f2 O# a- _, I9 i. @% O, t; b
2. Letters of opposition or support, p# _* j1 i7 d* \& u+ n
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 R% h2 ]; {6 B& J% m5 Z 4. Signed public statements
9 a: U! a& q6 D3 ~( `: } 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. M) T9 h2 s1 V* C) u7 Q9 M, b& Q 6. Group or mass petitions2 l- P- L4 P; ]; J- r4 A
+ K+ j. b' r# ]9 u$ N0 FCommunications with a Wider Audience
( v, h# J, L3 t$ S( |. T6 c 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 n' `; r( f" b4 ~( M4 K; I 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 m4 x$ w$ @/ D 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! F. H7 I K; K8 g* q
10. Newspapers and journals s, P* q6 K4 l
11. Records, radio, and television
+ z! O L; v* b# u 12. Skywriting and earthwriting) q. N; i: G6 }& _3 U8 C& d/ W
9 [) H; `! s- y P, O* v
Group Representations2 @7 I9 I8 N( \' a
13. Deputations3 [! c( V1 n+ F" s) O' Z9 F
14. Mock awards7 h* A% \2 H. a0 _
15. Group lobbying
/ l5 q3 }) C+ `' l0 y7 J2 ?# M0 s 16. Picketing$ r# }2 r& k+ H) X" E( d
17. Mock elections
1 ?% U [$ ~. h; X
1 s1 \$ Q. S+ ?5 `! FSymbolic Public Acts. k3 B" c1 W5 T% b, d
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( O% u4 {. c2 W# |5 O 19. Wearing of symbols
& c' C S2 i8 u 20. Prayer and worship$ w q! ]: j; J& m+ H5 n% ?
21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ a& j+ X" x, a8 C 22. Protest disrobings& B8 y: r9 q1 |
23. Destruction of own property2 Z* S U( s2 C' [' Q) Y
24. Symbolic lights
) x9 H0 t0 d" P( ~; @1 O9 u' w 25. Displays of portraits: S% W( o8 @! {5 N$ q
26. Paint as protest
9 C5 e1 _/ ~. P- ?+ i* K% r8 W 27. New signs and names
1 k! H t4 r' ? x7 p 28. Symbolic sounds! b: z1 E& r4 z- G, C/ Y
29. Symbolic reclamations
# d9 Y% i/ D" Q9 s0 { 30. Rude gestures
& R9 @" w" b5 ?5 u" y
5 Q T# X$ U; ?% r& v* u( uPressures on Individuals
$ L a b' S- Z 31. “Haunting” officials, ^5 G; S; X+ k" [1 O
32. Taunting officials; b" S! N' M% N3 ]
33. Fraternization' j$ g" ?4 U! U* W1 ]2 D7 B9 M
34. Vigils
8 ` Q7 m6 f) q
% w f; \7 {% YDrama and Music9 {# Q8 W1 \* y1 k
35. Humorous skits and pranks) \. D+ K) I$ \+ B. G3 G" u' O$ I
36. Performances of plays and music
" j$ E6 v0 r9 M5 C 37. Singing+ N- ~9 F* ], t0 U: M9 I4 n+ G
0 a4 a) u; i* n8 jProcessions9 N4 P! D( y0 \' j' h9 G5 K
38. Marches& x0 _2 n' w+ e0 S4 n
39. Parades
% k6 _ V4 T" d$ a 40. Religious processions) V) a0 H8 }. C+ C$ M$ x( H& u4 I
41. Pilgrimages
) o( o0 y0 |; Q) ~ E 42. Motorcades
5 n# h) [' b0 N* G6 G) m5 n4 T# ~4 N* z
Honoring the Dead
! u3 G2 q! l& }" a, I 43. Political mourning' J% N8 i: w8 Q
44. Mock funerals" ^% e+ H/ J; H8 i7 w
45. Demonstrative funerals% l! p# n: \1 R1 X# R; y
46. Homage at burial places
9 |# {' [' N' x- g% ]% ~$ A& _# R+ R/ N
Public Assemblies
$ \8 z9 y6 |- N. ? 47. Assemblies of protest or support
" B% N' n P5 ^7 H2 U. [8 {' N. J 48. Protest meetings
( s$ j- ]2 o) j0 t" N7 R1 D5 }. N 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' g9 y8 Q1 G7 e; F6 }
50. Teach-ins
! n/ k1 p& h' f/ [8 R! q( I) n: F+ u2 k8 s9 \: d* p! O" ]
Withdrawal and Renunciation
( S) j6 A% w1 Z* w- u% R9 P 51. Walk-outs/ a! _( n+ e' M+ D8 D
52. Silence6 t! `1 r+ ? M' O
53. Renouncing honors
7 j |5 i$ r: q# ? 54. Turning one’s back
( n7 N5 U1 H- t) `6 `* W6 d. O# Q' t# P& ~0 g5 U. U( Y' }/ p
2 z0 Q, b' [9 m s6 z, Q3 H2 c# A6 P: I' a. y* f: ^5 f
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 Y# s2 K* y; K( ^" D1 m+ v6 p
! E+ q0 J# d5 C `/ v9 b, h% X$ q
0 X7 h7 K+ v2 t1 ]4 t/ ]! W; P& r+ c4 N" L5 e) C
Ostracism of Persons
3 U: |/ f/ F" ]( S7 C 55. Social boycott
) H& j7 M: e# H) h 56. Selective social boycott. l7 C( {& ^, J8 F. D6 n( U
57. Lysistratic nonaction9 U# ]# r) P. i0 d* |8 d
58. Excommunication
4 @: V0 @3 w/ \ 59. Interdict
8 W( L8 p' `! c4 @" L- J' N4 E# v4 I2 _4 b5 s9 i
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" @/ H f6 x- {" n6 D' I. j
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 H. {. w3 H2 c, j# j 61. Boycott of social affairs
. ?1 G# r6 `1 M2 W7 }5 j2 Y 62. Student strike
. o0 m! h7 v( Q1 w3 E8 C$ u 63. Social disobedience) ?* g; H. h' u6 G, B- q8 b* z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 G% f& {( l% O: _: k6 G! k, L" |9 [5 b3 R: [ j1 G1 V' A
Withdrawal from the Social System1 I# J9 l. A F
65. Stay-at-home
2 E7 C* G o8 @ 66. Total personal noncooperation5 H% x" f5 d/ M& O- v
67. “Flight” of workers
- D- D1 Y, i$ M 68. Sanctuary8 m' j1 P: [( \6 I% ?
69. Collective disappearance( W4 ?! F. x8 u+ t( g% D
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) O; o, b5 r" E3 a) t
/ j1 G# |9 Y% E8 O# X I& N
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9 I- k) |4 n: q9 M% t3 X
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 x8 L0 c: t$ w- P
& p* c8 t& }7 H- c! M8 u7 Y
# ^# {) \; @6 m9 vActions by Consumers
0 l8 W, T2 }6 U3 b 71. Consumers’ boycott" K S* F/ |; k
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 d; q% ?0 S( B, D
73. Policy of austerity
1 M5 V+ p" a+ j) r0 g' Z7 x. n 74. Rent withholding
) W' B% ~. i2 J7 G4 _ 75. Refusal to rent
1 t9 l9 ?1 |8 @% S' L9 g7 L9 |; \ 76. National consumers’ boycott. Z( S2 v: F4 r% R$ E
77. International consumers’ boycott
' n2 @8 j" l' m9 A! w$ E# R$ Z
, y2 | Y" p$ i5 h" e2 OAction by Workers and Producers$ A2 P( C6 W1 N
78. Workmen’s boycott! O/ M2 X! b6 K+ R2 \ b2 `
79. Producers’ boycott; N e) s- L* H5 l. O* i
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Action by Middlemen
. r2 r8 q9 V# K2 j 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- h6 k: g) J& v8 q
$ ~7 p" Z% g& {; C% XAction by Owners and Management* K1 d9 s1 A5 v. ^( L& c9 Y, F
81. Traders’ boycott
4 `3 I$ a& V% Z 82. Refusal to let or sell property6 T! C1 Q) r( p# E
83. Lockout
* R8 F6 v" _! x% a# @" V$ ~ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# N8 N, B" P, y/ |' l5 ^6 V 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
b& E5 b* t$ q4 K- m4 G: j9 J
3 e9 K7 i8 z [Action by Holders of Financial Resources9 b. s- t# i' B1 e
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ S6 g! @, d& |' ]% b0 c* E& }( B# ?# G 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 N- [1 H$ e7 ^/ e& D 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( g4 b, U5 t _: b& Y7 c$ }
89. Severance of funds and credit
+ s* V( d2 i; Y 90. Revenue refusal
6 l- @$ k2 W6 u8 ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money( \7 H; q+ t% B% W+ p* ]5 U
& b4 Q q5 a5 R5 T9 iAction by Governments0 W- W; X- k( X
92. Domestic embargo3 ?$ C3 l9 I x) C7 X3 M: _. k8 M
93. Blacklisting of traders3 H( A3 M E# f( h2 i! K: L
94. International sellers’ embargo
% b0 [: o. u4 b$ n5 X, i! F 95. International buyers’ embargo; G$ G. v; b" L& k
96. International trade embargo
c5 d6 j' X+ V( J- x
: |: w1 l4 g/ r' m# g0 q1 B 9 b. ~6 Z" z# u" _4 u- T J
: D" `6 y& v0 V1 RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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% T4 l1 P* o6 x
/ R" }1 P' V2 X0 {2 G# mSymbolic Strikes
- n- r/ t, T* r4 g5 k; n( [ |- G 97. Protest strike
6 @. n8 r6 D$ y! S1 Y" k9 L 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ B# F7 j1 |- h: W0 i! P g2 r; h1 W
Agricultural Strikes8 q; ^* D7 v: O+ p6 c. ~* @3 n0 ]
99. Peasant strike
' m, y+ o3 s- k$ N6 @* n; c! S 100. Farm Workers’ strike l# [% C# S9 F& L/ y5 _4 l
2 N, H' q. X% h9 C, m2 o M
Strikes by Special Groups
! G# [/ s7 {+ d$ w5 y# | 101. Refusal of impressed labor- s/ B8 L$ q- C
102. Prisoners’ strike
7 g4 K$ o* r5 [# w% B& {& M( } 103. Craft strike2 x% L- w: v0 R& x1 m
104. Professional strike
6 g: x4 V1 ]$ H6 ]( B$ Z1 ~& F' }" d0 w/ S! F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
8 Y+ t. @% @; E 105. Establishment strike/ Y1 x! V) j, I9 e
106. Industry strike# w- a: O& R5 ^/ Z; ]
107. Sympathetic strike
+ R! N/ N4 h( t5 l0 Y& C0 b/ v- }& q8 O5 E; F6 V' \
Restricted Strikes
, O6 l# L7 o: o( \. }( z, ^9 y 108. Detailed strike$ `5 q8 j8 L0 x! J, g
109. Bumper strike7 M! h9 B2 M) ?
110. Slowdown strike
* y% y+ n5 v# b" @- ` 111. Working-to-rule strike6 A2 l4 z/ q' o! Z" P# B
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 e t6 A6 L- n Z 113. Strike by resignation
w; T. b6 E% a9 j: I 114. Limited strike
' c# O9 Z) B5 }6 B5 q: o# ~0 h5 i$ D 115. Selective strike
: I+ G5 x, K! H( ~
* @8 V% {) J) e! GMulti-Industry Strikes- @) M! I5 n& A7 q7 L5 g) X
5 n; e1 ~" c( K8 S0 p" a 116. Generalized strike8 }( c/ O9 ^" ^, n0 ?0 B# c8 Z
G4 y, M5 d& P, M 117. General strike, U: w% d/ ]$ T+ J
# U( f" ~3 \4 y- w/ p% L8 r
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. i" f/ l- Z6 L) [! S2 z
- `4 R: n% g7 L+ G. p1 @3 s
118. Hartal- i, h0 y4 {5 P0 C' G2 ~
8 K9 |' K" D B: b 119. Economic shutdown
4 s1 n R1 {7 C7 ]! W2 j9 ~) J* ?: }6 p/ Z/ V& ^* J
/ D G3 u% f0 m" [2 m5 _
. W% }. a% |( O/ P3 A3 U8 BTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
$ N7 L4 h! |6 v2 r, ~
2 h2 `5 l, J( Q+ F) f4 x7 T( p7 r
$ f! F; d& F9 \/ r) U7 }7 _ m* |Rejection of Authority/ w% O2 s0 M6 `, |
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ }: z- ` B" _! ^
121. Refusal of public support
; @3 w2 v$ P; w- [( L7 y4 R5 S 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 _5 r0 q4 D* h3 u4 v
" H, J# A' Y6 \6 @7 K ^Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 G) t7 H4 ~0 q9 l( F! U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies- U/ ~ l& O7 E2 C% b3 T' {2 ?% _
124. Boycott of elections+ @7 v* Q( v% C( w+ _' C
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 Z# q( \) l L8 [5 ~0 V 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% \5 D# o; {3 O1 T6 G. r: K 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ @$ a! V% e: W* `4 Q; A: z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ q3 ^0 \- W G/ _# o 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 n0 P( W9 V; q+ O& s) T- V
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ k# M0 U- g6 _ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- ~+ N7 Y5 H; V4 b5 F- g( S# f
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# k2 I6 ]) Z) H8 w7 P. v
: } q+ C' h" r4 p4 sCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* G! Y/ i! ^+ A% `9 T
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# j* C9 f9 p; E
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" T' \! K* I0 h4 C" I; X+ C$ T+ e1 j 135. Popular nonobedience
3 n6 s$ v! w$ t& g% l# k& I 136. Disguised disobedience
) N8 O; A; Y7 p( ] 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ |3 c; s i9 T z0 K3 @ 138. Sitdown5 G3 _/ `" {( v* y2 M, ~+ s& [! b
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& G' z0 m( [ D& v" Y5 O' I$ k
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 j! L/ ~( d+ I# s" p) b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 t) Q& V+ N( Q! h3 g5 ~
% A- B' @1 X+ Q- d+ _8 G
Action by Government Personnel' ]9 |+ O, v: S% D4 M- B- n
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 V: ?2 U( C" B8 Y5 ~$ p 143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 {! v0 F" S7 }! D# [1 `
144. Stalling and obstruction& Y8 y) |/ t7 M9 V! e
145. General administrative noncooperation
6 Z Z' X' N- V( ?* U
9 z: Z6 Z6 d. J& A/ ?( D+ c3 D( m } 146. Judicial noncooperation
! H, @* f& {9 s/ H& H4 g1 J 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ j6 q$ R+ e W: b5 p9 g& ~- s4 t
148. Mutiny
- v7 V3 y3 P$ N$ m4 R9 kDomestic Governmental Action
7 U5 w8 h) {2 B% h" `" N2 Y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, \1 {; Z9 Y. D" V# P+ E' [
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ V, i$ w& k; v7 M
% V2 s; t. X9 w( n4 M
International Governmental Action: e4 |& K; G1 W. ]9 Y1 H5 V& \) B
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& \2 {( X! {0 X+ j, | 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- k7 q1 W2 H" v1 {6 A
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 h( t5 _5 E) q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( _; {$ G! w: V3 D0 W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: @: ]6 `' o. n6 N3 `1 ^ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 D/ e% R# ^! a/ @8 z. @" `+ ? 157. Expulsion from international organizations' v% c' W3 o* c5 _# ^& T
+ e1 z$ B6 V/ R" j* U
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# [2 r/ I+ x% q) ]! X
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
: _4 a$ R4 M9 {0 S- f Z3 Z8 N; y" }8 R f( t
; ?: m2 `* R0 O) yPsychological Intervention
' w2 S% H/ i/ k9 L 158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 V9 D) G9 K2 w: { i4 Z, t 159. The fast
- _' V7 L4 j2 i0 o/ ^3 w4 e. d/ ~ a) Fast of moral pressure
7 @( I" P% Y* l7 o( [# ` b) Hunger strike
! I8 D4 ^# O+ J9 s0 [+ j6 } c) Satyagrahic fast
) f, x. R" d8 W- R# k 160. Reverse trial
& ?% }# d* d, m) v! W7 M 161. Nonviolent harassment2 ?1 a) O& c& u9 Q! H* }
& C) z4 C& `: ^& C" f
Physical Intervention J* w ^: d a5 U
162. Sit-in
m4 Y2 N2 J) b! J4 t 163. Stand-in
' n/ ^& ^. r# n7 L6 e7 l 164. Ride-in1 r8 o- R7 S( N0 t
165. Wade-in
& H1 C; G# [& b& O& g9 F" P- L' ^ 166. Mill-in8 z2 Q v- F' w1 l- n6 A
167. Pray-in# I+ @0 R* g: q4 @5 s1 Z/ A
168. Nonviolent raids
5 r U6 p F, e9 S 169. Nonviolent air raids, d+ o, J% E2 d# P' z; i0 R
170. Nonviolent invasion5 |; o* p6 y, _+ g
171. Nonviolent interjection
0 R- ]& R; H7 H3 ^ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
. D- t! u8 j( P' Z2 r0 o. [ 173. Nonviolent occupation8 J' N8 e Z( p6 I4 {
+ c5 a8 e- t4 SSocial Intervention
3 N2 N' L% c$ g s3 F+ [ 174. Establishing new social patterns
0 D: E8 i: S9 U1 s, y 175. Overloading of facilities+ n! M8 X9 f9 N s. |' L$ c
176. Stall-in
* K# k* U6 o! {- ]* L6 }. _# A 177. Speak-in
8 x/ T2 w' ~. E2 R/ E 178. Guerrilla theater, [$ }! w" E: R/ o% b1 Q
179. Alternative social institutions
/ J6 f5 x7 F! M8 J 180. Alternative communication system" u& @4 G6 m. q4 E. l: I8 d
4 o3 }2 G3 o1 M& c! z4 qEconomic Intervention
( x6 f- A/ m& f; s/ G# Z; U 181. Reverse strike' T9 I) R- H" k0 C+ _
182. Stay-in strike
5 ^' H% M+ d. N- r 183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 X' _1 _7 p4 R8 g0 b( Y6 ^ 184. Defiance of blockades
% r8 |4 Z- }0 \ t7 R3 r2 n' [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& U. C, E; a. P" `. K 186. Preclusive purchasing! b$ O+ a$ W+ i7 K6 W
187. Seizure of assets9 r! y! y7 r/ H% S9 ~% i
188. Dumping5 `" Y# r$ l" V. }* Q/ W: L
189. Selective patronage
% q* G6 y) }; A. F 190. Alternative markets" j% S2 O4 Q' a7 e5 `; \# C
191. Alternative transportation systems
3 r0 W. j+ Z E7 N4 V& ] 192. Alternative economic institutions
9 |$ _: p. N: I. L. h6 `: B0 s. c4 i7 J5 m
Political Intervention! F$ F) A$ v6 s0 e; f
193. Overloading of administrative systems. M$ \2 m" m$ s; Z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* l& n z* T3 @0 R& T' f 195. Seeking imprisonment% E7 U/ {0 i% ?" f k9 O
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; n) Y, E l: Y. x 197. Work-on without collaboration3 y& i" G- Y+ M" h
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
