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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, Z( ?9 q0 s* b, SFormal Statements& W$ \+ i, ^+ Z5 A/ x' y. ]
1. Public Speeches' T. N( w' K: `) v
2. Letters of opposition or support7 f" n& f- R! c
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# y# h( y4 s5 y1 \- M4 b& s" f: s
4. Signed public statements& ?; \. E# a" b2 T T J" H
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) h- Q& R+ U1 t- W. w8 ~# p, K 6. Group or mass petitions
" S" X# r$ y9 M% d
4 N0 e/ ~# D, Z; ]. C7 B# d( jCommunications with a Wider Audience
6 y! x, }! i, D8 D! A# @ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 v( a; S' u. x' i" Y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' ^1 t; K2 P5 |% @ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; o6 [7 C% u, \
10. Newspapers and journals
, f& q4 e7 r1 L( H# i. ?' i 11. Records, radio, and television
% F' G) o6 e! B) m 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* y* u1 m" ~/ F0 X7 S; F4 W0 |( @* P6 F: L
Group Representations9 w% c8 ]3 D. f0 T% v! t2 |
13. Deputations5 U' k0 ^ U6 R- ~& N. d% Q1 c2 W9 `- Y
14. Mock awards
, B M" X3 C1 U+ [3 @ 15. Group lobbying: }7 p# {& J. g- p
16. Picketing* @* D6 o6 D# d3 m1 g
17. Mock elections; j6 d) S/ Y" N6 ?- r
/ {/ j1 \5 \. E: Z7 P' m- qSymbolic Public Acts
0 ^/ W$ q" d) v" _2 I& K$ P. \ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! k: X" o+ n1 x, {+ i 19. Wearing of symbols
- r( H1 R! z1 }* h 20. Prayer and worship( [, h5 p6 Z6 w0 I8 b0 f: Y! W+ K
21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ A4 \4 _6 N* i7 M3 U" {4 w4 [ J 22. Protest disrobings
: g* d) P) }( p 23. Destruction of own property
8 P; j& }1 o! T( z; I 24. Symbolic lights8 g0 [5 r0 F( v$ X8 i
25. Displays of portraits
, j8 n( c, t: q( C 26. Paint as protest$ Q% L7 Q! ^* o$ r
27. New signs and names- D9 B" T, ]% X5 t# O
28. Symbolic sounds3 G; F5 ?8 q) T: t" S
29. Symbolic reclamations B( b8 D# w+ N
30. Rude gestures
# j( e1 ^1 t7 X
- s( d# g; h4 q/ jPressures on Individuals9 m; i) J& t2 f1 H/ u
31. “Haunting” officials
7 b$ B w- }* T, w 32. Taunting officials
+ h7 [1 Q p7 N; j) ?, t 33. Fraternization' L# I; v; g: d
34. Vigils
$ Z1 r! i4 E; x8 p* X; X. Y; V& K( A, }9 r8 a
Drama and Music
# H0 K# q# w: h9 J5 S/ d6 \9 j 35. Humorous skits and pranks2 V l9 F$ D2 F( P; ]" o
36. Performances of plays and music6 J' G# u5 d, `
37. Singing
7 s( @+ _0 `1 ]- ~1 r2 C7 Q0 I, M( V" q. r+ z; A6 b
Processions' @1 P) d. N* w
38. Marches' K% f# ~, \8 |+ z' @
39. Parades
5 c2 f$ c/ L/ p: O! k 40. Religious processions/ l' r1 g( T. R0 A
41. Pilgrimages
6 ]2 |8 z4 _$ f& h) B 42. Motorcades
5 r3 `. ]& j4 }0 }7 j# p; m8 L. o% N- c* X* L% D% I
Honoring the Dead
1 }1 _/ }! }0 u/ Q0 r q) p 43. Political mourning, Q% O+ d0 ^/ F0 v$ E% O
44. Mock funerals; G5 `$ w7 a r; X- K; P
45. Demonstrative funerals- c9 o& X4 X" ?9 O2 w4 e* z& m
46. Homage at burial places- Z, d0 i3 {. R" n2 l
D6 Y6 H3 d+ D8 o& E8 |4 w2 b/ M
Public Assemblies
7 l7 E0 g- a8 \: X 47. Assemblies of protest or support
' V# C @' ?; @( G, S; l4 R8 M3 v 48. Protest meetings. D X6 a ^: W# j7 `* a. g
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" P/ h. \, ?# m2 ?& O
50. Teach-ins
/ R+ w, U% _ s8 i7 x m( N" X9 i
Withdrawal and Renunciation5 A9 f: r+ o) R/ f. L* \7 }: T
51. Walk-outs2 t& i& G6 f7 n& {( v8 R
52. Silence0 _+ |* \2 k( S# _. U6 u
53. Renouncing honors
( Q f" ]( q, T# y3 n; A 54. Turning one’s back3 j! O4 o# X4 G, A7 P8 J
$ u. F: {! S- R$ k$ k; r# q2 \9 A
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 O ^7 z7 e. m
Ostracism of Persons# `& K8 E2 V( I5 S% _* K
55. Social boycott2 v6 y1 O; G8 S0 E
56. Selective social boycott/ a1 D: z, }2 l! }1 x3 c" j' `
57. Lysistratic nonaction- X6 |' a3 f& J/ ?( C
58. Excommunication
' |# w0 z$ o1 U0 ] [ 59. Interdict# i! K+ I1 n( r, L
0 S; t) n! r( A: l
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& [3 z! q1 n3 s, c- R! p8 b 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 r% R' _3 V. B. I: j* s+ u 61. Boycott of social affairs6 K6 t0 @8 n d7 z9 i+ R
62. Student strike
+ w' M X, Q* W' Z 63. Social disobedience
8 T/ \6 q5 X; B4 X0 e9 r0 G 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% L& S& y: j' S! ]# L5 v7 G$ m$ u( C- k: \4 G
Withdrawal from the Social System' M2 m0 T3 t. V2 G, F* B
65. Stay-at-home
" y9 g. ^9 ?7 y6 i# F 66. Total personal noncooperation% w3 Y4 l5 w8 n8 s' E
67. “Flight” of workers
- [0 N e p5 H1 \ V! v$ X. q7 C) [ 68. Sanctuary6 K6 R6 F T$ h) H% E9 X
69. Collective disappearance% U- x: {! } R/ v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 A0 m4 H2 h$ I3 b6 n
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( C0 a3 ~, c4 V) _! Y5 C9 PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
( T" I. x5 l5 @: R0 a* T
* p) _ t4 S& E) Z5 T* ^ # O( J8 t" e3 k# ?
Actions by Consumers
+ T; L. e& W5 K* m v 71. Consumers’ boycott
" i# F {0 A! z; E! t3 n 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 [/ K7 ?1 h* J0 L1 K
73. Policy of austerity
$ [! a7 ]9 {& Z; l4 ]& q; q 74. Rent withholding
% X3 R5 B1 j8 G% I 75. Refusal to rent
2 u) l2 \( U2 L3 B 76. National consumers’ boycott: z7 ] [& i) c
77. International consumers’ boycott, j; Z6 c" Q9 ~2 o s1 I$ j0 A3 X
y- d! L# g& z4 ~- n mAction by Workers and Producers U% Q$ v& r# O& E( i7 ]
78. Workmen’s boycott7 e1 P; r. z/ O3 Z3 B* C
79. Producers’ boycott
* @8 B0 P( u/ J2 y) l, D7 V
, A6 ?7 ^: W z0 b8 u+ U. BAction by Middlemen; x) m! H) O% P2 X) B: L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 m+ H7 k: R$ \3 c4 z9 p; X7 O; p
- F( n: a8 w' X+ `* YAction by Owners and Management2 f* h- T9 I% _# @! k
81. Traders’ boycott
5 m3 n* t0 q# v" t 82. Refusal to let or sell property
# N. N. k; X2 D7 [2 d6 k+ x+ C2 r 83. Lockout
|( m; W5 j" W+ I9 ~! J 84. Refusal of industrial assistance( {# ]7 v& {# i e6 N! c
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- l7 w8 M* r: x' S: z) l8 e& i8 }) ]8 L* y* C. z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources' |: ?, L! ~$ D% A6 f1 _
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 V" M( W# s9 w; X0 ^0 z4 g
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& }4 N2 @: o& Q 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" d5 G/ c0 Y3 \/ R& }: ]' C4 G! m ^
89. Severance of funds and credit
8 W6 ?) a) A* ~ 90. Revenue refusal
, {) F8 K! {2 H# y7 c 91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 W/ c( Z* l8 ~& E/ S/ F& W; _5 r2 ]4 h. `
Action by Governments
. n8 i7 Z9 t S/ B$ S& W# C7 w: C2 }. u 92. Domestic embargo
: u7 S3 T( j) p+ @! L 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 e4 E0 u) {$ t' G8 [ 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ n' N- ~1 @, O- B" O2 s 95. International buyers’ embargo8 X! i3 D; S) R! \' c8 V* _* J U
96. International trade embargo' V0 j, n4 Z7 j! N3 y3 C
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1 ]4 N& v) A4 `; {5 [* k* O/ k0 E( ` q# d. ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" j+ W- ], p8 c
6 a Q. V2 }- x8 m" W
5 M# y3 L& H/ e" ` LSymbolic Strikes5 n& K3 _+ @! y
97. Protest strike7 ], p [; g* m9 n# e$ T7 \
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 q- H9 e& u- i4 F+ \4 l) }' z" K4 n5 a6 R4 w5 \) R5 h# k
Agricultural Strikes
% K3 H5 P' W3 @: E6 L 99. Peasant strike
/ o7 x1 J+ `6 V 100. Farm Workers’ strike
& _7 u$ e# X) N7 Y
: [* @- [$ c, xStrikes by Special Groups! Z4 u h: G S" K) O' Y
101. Refusal of impressed labor- J5 g& Y3 Y% v# h- x4 Z r
102. Prisoners’ strike
& B( w% ?7 V! c9 o 103. Craft strike
3 w3 b; ?6 `7 O7 v& H 104. Professional strike
^) J G! D R, b( `8 O
8 s9 r6 u6 T# V9 Y$ ^+ r( k9 IOrdinary Industrial Strikes" o( |5 A3 x. L1 B5 n v
105. Establishment strike
8 f; f; o! k; G3 n7 \# p9 I 106. Industry strike
. u. k; Y- n0 d2 |- w$ [' B, { 107. Sympathetic strike% p7 ]% c- f0 u! N( c- Y {. X3 |
# T# {$ \6 @: g
Restricted Strikes& k3 H1 ^6 H+ I9 l- M4 }! [
108. Detailed strike. U$ V0 U) ~* X5 N2 x' v
109. Bumper strike
9 Y+ ~1 T0 Q, [+ T# I6 `& n- n 110. Slowdown strike
8 }# d3 x% Z5 ~, W 111. Working-to-rule strike* V. ]3 h6 R& n2 S. z4 J
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
! [; |. w% X1 r) p: n 113. Strike by resignation
7 m/ r8 {8 u( M, O$ g% c) ^; _; g 114. Limited strike+ @, \) @. Q5 w1 h; z6 H9 K
115. Selective strike" F N5 ~6 y* r: k/ x' y2 W
1 u$ G9 G+ [. o1 a4 XMulti-Industry Strikes
6 L' y/ C6 O) k- ]' Y9 j: c/ A! h$ X/ |- |
116. Generalized strike2 I1 L4 ^* N$ w s3 O
% O6 N$ S3 |; W1 B
117. General strike
, A- j+ T% r, X' P8 `+ I( }5 h+ z+ d! w; |6 r; j) o8 \
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. h6 D5 ~4 c- c, e5 i. g2 p
& z7 U- ~% G( z, G 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown0 Z# Z! X' z. A/ O
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1 e* V# h0 e$ P; S& F4 DTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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' e) e1 i8 O" S, O+ d, J7 cRejection of Authority
3 P" y+ O% n, {! G& L 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 \9 g2 n$ b8 R; d2 o
121. Refusal of public support
, C* y" x5 |/ _4 i 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; ?# p& b! r4 K- q; }: N$ L5 y3 \1 a' T- Y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government. K5 _" ]# X X! u3 @
123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 ]- B4 S% |( n/ _1 g3 }# i X$ ^
124. Boycott of elections$ e( w- T6 K, m5 V9 Z" S/ p6 z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& K4 M9 K, N: c, x; ]/ q/ c! B 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- V/ c. o' C# @
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, \( | H7 r% w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% }7 N0 q' ]0 p Q8 o$ C 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# P' h: a; [( }( L$ P+ U1 ` 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ N1 s- J+ J5 N! Z7 D2 L% p1 ] E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% F y. P, f8 n, p 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 e6 }/ W3 X2 d7 v
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 J; l2 N/ [ z3 w' p# {0 N$ D 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 Z7 o& q% @5 r" Q 135. Popular nonobedience: r1 l2 W/ ^- m0 R& C3 F! j' Z( d
136. Disguised disobedience
. W4 Z7 Q0 M! K2 w0 _ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) t2 Z! I' z' @ ?; @* x 138. Sitdown, w3 V; G* _6 \& x0 V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation S* t# c5 B* c0 x$ n8 l- }: X
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 Y/ O) d8 C7 U$ Y6 a 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ L! C- G( y. h7 |- a, T' I+ i# P0 L+ q4 ]9 c" z N4 {8 C
Action by Government Personnel
" m, r- H9 r/ L. d, w' q) N0 Q) P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# z9 G6 h2 d6 _4 L7 u3 M* a
143. Blocking of lines of command and information, [% C3 g% G: ~2 a6 I( V0 R
144. Stalling and obstruction A3 Y; }7 a+ N( N6 g2 t2 W
145. General administrative noncooperation3 Y# |; F: y( C9 p1 d9 H
$ j# y* a' X: b0 ?0 P$ D
146. Judicial noncooperation
5 K" a# Q( }8 v, |7 b7 c' D7 q3 c 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 o* G8 ?4 N1 l; W
148. Mutiny7 Q/ O5 W6 w1 [
Domestic Governmental Action: ^3 C [ }1 j
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 c( N; S/ g: F6 F/ }, d
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) y+ c2 l' l0 j' ], Z, v
4 t5 r) h9 U/ w4 t' ~International Governmental Action& r/ |7 b2 C" X* p. X+ |1 m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations f1 ~# S9 J% R% z6 a
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- N5 }+ p, c# m6 [. F
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 d: f' r; w" k$ k# I1 U 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: C: I6 R4 i. U. y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations" j; o2 W$ Q* W4 J
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 D' S8 y9 T% I- v 157. Expulsion from international organizations
9 S( Z4 J' |' A
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7 @2 K6 ?+ H \6 e; y% r% \( t& l8 y! p* e/ {) `3 }
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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4 F8 {1 S3 g' H5 |' dPsychological Intervention
7 c; ?, F! _- q 158. Self-exposure to the elements3 u( a' A6 G3 {, f( U- I; U
159. The fast
9 V9 D5 J- n4 v* ?0 E# v4 P V2 \/ r a) Fast of moral pressure' y* H7 z, ?8 J; C, N8 x8 A
b) Hunger strike
3 \! S! h: p8 r3 q5 ^6 o; z/ a c) Satyagrahic fast6 I; J5 D. u4 e2 X2 _) j" ?4 _
160. Reverse trial/ T c. d2 D6 b' _0 N1 ^
161. Nonviolent harassment
# B3 D. f8 \, E6 W( L1 M" r
d5 W! q( k9 K3 |# T8 ~Physical Intervention
& b# X, n1 t6 _ 162. Sit-in3 l; w- |5 V ^$ A: e
163. Stand-in
; Z, X$ E" c1 L$ \: Q5 S. w; p, O 164. Ride-in+ e+ p; S1 a* _7 g$ [& [1 s
165. Wade-in
# X3 s7 k( }; ~5 U8 j' u( k+ b 166. Mill-in
+ i% Y/ j0 r, r a: a' T 167. Pray-in# J" ?7 f4 B" X& R% J, Z0 t( O' C3 X
168. Nonviolent raids" j O& i) t" G4 T' @$ i# }
169. Nonviolent air raids) g, C- `; o# l" I
170. Nonviolent invasion
/ |; A1 X/ T: r9 c 171. Nonviolent interjection! x0 m5 I" K& c8 h% D- w# c
172. Nonviolent obstruction8 |, n+ @! O$ c* [- z G6 Z8 u
173. Nonviolent occupation
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5 `0 M% A, q4 G( O5 h& f' Z' r/ K; H$ @Social Intervention
% O0 C* A. [2 o* I 174. Establishing new social patterns8 A# s& @' q' l
175. Overloading of facilities" }( p, l# N, w
176. Stall-in. j4 p" d6 |6 W* I5 `
177. Speak-in
' o, r5 x4 |# y$ V 178. Guerrilla theater- P6 a: h( K y: p. i
179. Alternative social institutions
! i& I. x0 T) @ 180. Alternative communication system
) v1 |7 A7 p+ y: g" S) ?9 [$ X
& J7 ]) v2 N- ^9 GEconomic Intervention M* b" w3 u6 O5 v) C
181. Reverse strike
3 U& C1 b1 L& A7 D+ W 182. Stay-in strike
' M3 W6 l5 t$ \+ |; ]9 G2 T 183. Nonviolent land seizure
9 M8 J% L! f1 O7 ]7 |% ]+ I% l 184. Defiance of blockades7 @0 l/ D+ ^ j) e) B0 |: p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! V- w( g4 n n7 C& E
186. Preclusive purchasing
% j/ J5 F& u5 C/ `/ K. A 187. Seizure of assets
. y9 g9 v% [. w/ T" E) o5 J- G 188. Dumping3 _3 [+ k* e7 S/ c6 Z# S
189. Selective patronage
7 W8 h$ r9 T% ~ 190. Alternative markets
# X7 y# U# q6 {* H 191. Alternative transportation systems/ Q9 _3 J6 T% L# J/ y
192. Alternative economic institutions# k5 g3 A5 h* Y
: m' p' [$ q, K. R* f6 O
Political Intervention5 Z# e; L: b% M5 V
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: X" @* a2 R9 `! Y* Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 F% O/ s ^) u, T/ Y 195. Seeking imprisonment4 m) V' Z: f2 I0 H( B
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" e2 f5 v) C/ q 197. Work-on without collaboration
! b# A4 l# l" |0 J% }3 g+ j 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: U& f5 T0 {( m! s2 w8 h$ b
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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