 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* z7 l6 o# J/ j, u% h1 _Formal Statements
+ i- l; r5 x& I) e6 P3 { 1. Public Speeches
4 C& V2 T* s( C. b8 A5 i- c 2. Letters of opposition or support4 x& p& J& k1 ~! a* R9 y0 e% [, F3 a3 z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 o! f0 n. N E& p
4. Signed public statements% j' L" V. h& R8 S+ ?3 m
5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ [" m! P8 ?3 f3 {
6. Group or mass petitions+ y) A2 H' J$ p% G3 `
. H: F. V, j! h/ z, N h+ b
Communications with a Wider Audience% @/ ~. O* C6 u" c7 E
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 Q$ A! j* P% @- v% S# l
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ g% t5 e6 T$ l t- o& V 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# k! g8 \( ?+ z" u7 M0 k 10. Newspapers and journals
* z" A9 f: @4 @" q& U% n: P 11. Records, radio, and television1 j4 z) {0 p' s7 `- E
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 X6 S0 L+ Z9 q4 s2 p* s, d% _3 o, l5 l7 N! m5 u0 K* e' _
Group Representations
/ x( }! i0 P" U+ [ 13. Deputations
5 u& v; N, n" D0 G 14. Mock awards
" o- S0 \. B0 `5 T6 j* C' s) X: ?0 E 15. Group lobbying: ^& p" c. x6 E2 i+ \* L
16. Picketing$ X+ g. _9 p' a8 X# |1 f7 O
17. Mock elections
7 z8 e: H& v6 y* d" {5 a- d4 {: u0 b9 ~3 [4 X. i& b! R
Symbolic Public Acts/ k* l7 `) u6 h% Z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ t, ]7 Q8 d. C" G- Z* `) r
19. Wearing of symbols
' P$ ?) @. K* y' M 20. Prayer and worship2 x/ p. T0 [6 v% E# O, Q. l4 C8 h
21. Delivering symbolic objects
u' G: R5 o$ c 22. Protest disrobings1 Z$ F) @% y1 R1 e1 P
23. Destruction of own property
3 P5 o9 O8 d, u# K; v/ F) G 24. Symbolic lights0 d+ T* G1 l7 d, e# @ B) e
25. Displays of portraits
7 A" t; l% p# b/ o 26. Paint as protest
8 ?- I& k( R) d 27. New signs and names
/ ?' i; K1 b y 28. Symbolic sounds' e1 G. [8 {& i3 A# n- N6 j2 S
29. Symbolic reclamations# Y+ x3 y+ v$ ]2 H
30. Rude gestures2 K3 t& [) ?! x3 D6 h- O
}# j' Q6 r$ w8 P$ d! l4 U
Pressures on Individuals) C/ |8 s$ r9 U/ {' f! ^
31. “Haunting” officials' y2 q: ?% G1 j0 M3 O( U. z2 Z1 {
32. Taunting officials8 G! B( v8 A! K! V# ]$ ]$ l
33. Fraternization. L. M0 P- }' D% m( P
34. Vigils6 e0 }- g$ ^* _% I1 n% ~
! U7 ?% Y3 g+ {: c+ e7 l0 h
Drama and Music
& Q4 J) u4 b, d% e+ O 35. Humorous skits and pranks! L$ w# P: i4 H, H% b- [
36. Performances of plays and music
, \ _. J0 k8 l4 ~, E7 k" u5 Z 37. Singing
2 h0 m! Z+ T/ m. X# T: V/ T( Y
4 {* o/ U( q" m4 M# @5 cProcessions
7 h* f+ i+ p ]2 [ 38. Marches6 E2 l+ i- T. X
39. Parades0 G _1 l# L4 e0 A5 U/ E
40. Religious processions) s2 x, X* [0 N) u
41. Pilgrimages
! t2 ?( p7 K1 m/ C( u 42. Motorcades
, L& X% {( R6 G4 x2 Q6 h$ h& r
Honoring the Dead) y3 L8 ~4 _3 l, R) ?6 t
43. Political mourning
! P" L5 F* {( c, Z 44. Mock funerals
" f- x& B9 J+ l 45. Demonstrative funerals
, S+ f5 ^8 L* a0 _( G' {$ F 46. Homage at burial places+ m' X: h7 {( z
) l1 h: Z: o" g
Public Assemblies
* l; P, V3 e! i5 G, h- i2 n- \7 e. @ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& f+ ]( I* {8 L1 S- X 48. Protest meetings% g8 K' w. r$ t3 F
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) k5 y! f% s/ R& g5 N 50. Teach-ins. Y* d9 @& B$ U% V, V7 D" N4 x/ w
: k+ U. R: D% H9 m$ S2 T
Withdrawal and Renunciation# u0 j5 A2 E) l2 G; D
51. Walk-outs
' r# M/ G, p" Z' B- m9 c* I 52. Silence
7 D ~ V3 x+ ^$ D! i8 ~ 53. Renouncing honors. }1 R) C% `# a# q9 L* n2 E
54. Turning one’s back3 C* K) t2 x ~2 M$ `3 H
8 ~. b Z R3 \ $ e5 a- Q- r/ x/ A
& `' H" y9 j2 ?THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) \3 P: [ X" W) x9 T) ?; s8 }2 b
! M: i7 W: {# A4 P+ R! _
7 E$ ?" S: M/ f" AOstracism of Persons
2 }& J3 W. l3 t! Z. `$ t( }( R3 r 55. Social boycott
0 k: S, R( I0 f" y" F 56. Selective social boycott" a# G( t9 p [- N, S* J
57. Lysistratic nonaction
. h: b% d# T8 T8 ?4 e. p c2 [ 58. Excommunication7 l# @" J5 c3 ~2 e& @
59. Interdict {- G2 J" {! T/ j
# ?" _) |+ H8 R& xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* ^% j# s+ M2 ~% d9 g" N- }/ P 60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 \7 _- d* ^1 m1 I4 B% L& b
61. Boycott of social affairs% G9 p0 I) A6 A
62. Student strike
' ~; k; X+ Y9 ^5 L 63. Social disobedience/ s4 o; [1 | {* H3 ?% [$ v
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 |" E$ `! ]6 h& A+ F: t! t+ n; T0 E% q8 T
Withdrawal from the Social System& x4 @, q3 Z' L0 s4 O, Z
65. Stay-at-home' V& `- Q' r: K) ]8 r) d9 p
66. Total personal noncooperation' P7 t9 ]+ s5 M" q
67. “Flight” of workers" J( t9 c& A, [3 y) P
68. Sanctuary: @( q D. i& k0 m( O% |5 F5 X9 h
69. Collective disappearance
( `7 W4 C/ E. o: C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
8 b3 M J2 J L
$ q2 s/ {- k! p7 K! x/ [) u# c
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% Y& X* e3 j& L2 Z" g# r* E% tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* j o u m% o
0 W. X& e# H( z# e1 j+ c - `4 q7 Z( p I) d! f
Actions by Consumers$ K2 O4 R: X% W8 Y; M# \
71. Consumers’ boycott
4 F$ o. j& h4 D+ L- k 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 E$ p6 i( T# x) p% N) d4 I4 }) B
73. Policy of austerity
- c( A5 x4 x( G! U# h8 w 74. Rent withholding Q( Q& F5 C3 P
75. Refusal to rent( N" j" s: p0 @" K
76. National consumers’ boycott
( v* S4 E$ l1 o! Z) S( \, l# n 77. International consumers’ boycott- g# i% t, v/ w- \6 j
# V7 W5 |' c. X' c {! }0 K3 w
Action by Workers and Producers
0 w' |) e3 C Z+ H# X' n/ x& V 78. Workmen’s boycott; G1 J5 r, H$ [5 k9 f0 W
79. Producers’ boycott
5 ]: J* j7 Q# _$ _9 F N; n8 t# i/ h! Z9 W
Action by Middlemen
! R9 V+ C1 @! S& M% m3 o 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. n" i; K; F) |0 e
/ y; }* z* ~" T+ b0 D: D" [8 _6 _
Action by Owners and Management' R0 {3 i) [( [! P
81. Traders’ boycott! |% b0 o8 Z" M
82. Refusal to let or sell property ^! i9 f8 w. Z9 n
83. Lockout
0 H9 d" l2 v8 X6 ~7 ^4 s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 {# A* C' h% ? 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; D/ |$ L! p6 O0 f
# _3 i. }7 {; I" x* WAction by Holders of Financial Resources1 }3 }( @) U* P. E. ^. F, ]
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# n7 j* W/ |- i( x
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& S7 S% }. s; i- u& ~0 r 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! O w# B1 X' K9 Z
89. Severance of funds and credit# ~8 L8 D4 l7 U: R- W
90. Revenue refusal: Z. }5 P% z$ ]
91. Refusal of a government’s money+ C t- i( p* ]
" N" f1 Z9 {# y
Action by Governments
1 U# x1 g5 l: D0 o1 A 92. Domestic embargo
- K3 g9 |1 s# @, N9 E0 c 93. Blacklisting of traders
x# q( | k5 X' D+ o' B6 I 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 a0 l/ b% ^0 @8 F! h$ a0 P 95. International buyers’ embargo. Y0 w( l" {5 z- U
96. International trade embargo
+ b$ X7 _! S( ~, a8 Y7 p. G/ d1 p2 n
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3 e. U$ W( q4 E' }/ YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
/ j9 R" n G' ^3 ?% x7 o3 n3 j& [" f1 h
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Symbolic Strikes
, T* d; [0 Y* E: ]* z- v 97. Protest strike
, j0 V% A* W( g; u 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# V3 x: @4 S" c1 l o* R9 N
% Z$ [0 g8 z% Q9 m: }Agricultural Strikes
( I; B- h& @: X 99. Peasant strike
' G$ H# `" _. a F! ~, c! A 100. Farm Workers’ strike) D$ X" S( N4 j d" P$ q8 ~/ S
$ n; H0 S' } o, k4 U/ A
Strikes by Special Groups* A& @, |8 S V, m/ ^( @9 n
101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 {( k. s: F1 k. i' @2 P T 102. Prisoners’ strike3 R# L& `" m) v; }- M. E
103. Craft strike
- g" a$ J! {5 P 104. Professional strike! H5 E/ I |& y9 z. Y
' s. i0 {( Y) ^2 m$ z1 q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes& a. D! A& K9 {. z2 |
105. Establishment strike$ ^! n7 Q/ J, F
106. Industry strike
i4 O7 U7 \9 [7 z4 ]0 G 107. Sympathetic strike
6 w1 P( j/ V5 A4 D
4 s9 x' x) n- B- rRestricted Strikes
0 {+ d1 r- V$ E% K9 q- P3 f; @ 108. Detailed strike
+ Z w2 c4 E5 r Q) `2 G! N 109. Bumper strike; G2 I0 X& h) r+ o" q
110. Slowdown strike
$ a8 m9 T) A2 j+ C( ?# ~: k! Z 111. Working-to-rule strike# v! P& ]' W5 a+ r! ^8 I! I4 ^' M, Y' D7 i
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 W8 M1 P; \& E4 p- ?/ E6 Y 113. Strike by resignation/ l7 S( H$ j4 x( `% o3 q
114. Limited strike
# h, w( C6 u# G+ h; Z, p 115. Selective strike
& h1 W4 a2 d6 K5 \7 v, m$ A0 J7 {
5 S+ V# p) j4 e8 j- ~Multi-Industry Strikes( s* `& A7 a5 w8 h& g( S
5 q# l) G5 W- |, q0 ^# T* w 116. Generalized strike
0 B% U! F7 G4 n2 p! O- H
' w! h( ?: L# j 117. General strike0 \4 Q+ N1 ?: w- f* O% c% d! a. B @
. I( M) W: h- ]
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures, s& {7 l4 |, R, F w
. ]5 H0 E+ x: y) z4 q* ?+ ?
118. Hartal
5 j" }; m( m1 |! f' q1 g2 A. I$ z7 ?7 R1 A/ o5 e3 ?0 i
119. Economic shutdown+ J( L2 k# p2 H. ] p+ n: f% l
% \5 ]/ C/ a! t
9 J, k' l- o9 e3 R# _! Q2 ~1 {
3 _- \' M2 V# U! V; yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% l7 L5 O- V, e- u5 p2 f0 l+ N
% o- n7 d8 v7 v* ?3 y
, g7 U+ w+ s! Q @, i
Rejection of Authority; s+ j# m y3 s
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 Y4 i3 `& G V' D" S' t
121. Refusal of public support% z% R+ L3 _& d- Q! p
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance* w. M8 B& z3 C1 z- Y
+ e- V4 L0 X' |' @6 n2 n' V2 v6 y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government e- r0 T3 `0 B6 Z' j9 i& Q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ e8 c/ c. ?6 P8 V( T7 P0 u+ I: P 124. Boycott of elections7 W5 \1 u' {7 I$ k% Z! |
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 W4 v1 t, C' l) N/ C7 d+ q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. T. F1 n+ s5 W: J+ X. V& R 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 c: n( ^9 \& l; ~! _ x 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 M+ ]3 R3 ]9 h5 c3 ]9 ] \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* M' y/ o) E9 r
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: d6 r/ b T4 t0 ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% g* ?5 c% c1 v' _' |& E 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ G- j' Y# J. _; e! Q9 b# W9 h+ n9 d
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- k; r) n. P r3 H' q) i* H7 P 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 B8 M3 e1 r( O' }4 o
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! x0 _9 @/ C! i, d 135. Popular nonobedience
' Y; L% y% f; k$ s 136. Disguised disobedience( Q1 _0 s7 P/ U7 {& _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 _: M o# s: O: e o0 _7 A 138. Sitdown. U6 [ i9 w) s" J! g
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation, O1 B6 _3 I/ X( e+ ^0 o2 p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 z2 K; q; q' F0 d5 W 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 U) V r# J5 i; i# ^/ P
" H5 f, g* z: _ B! H; }) x2 |Action by Government Personnel
" u/ r i4 } k" q* O 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 m& ^+ T( L* |' d) ` 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% B" s" e, ^5 m. Y
144. Stalling and obstruction) D& j/ Z4 H! L+ S* v3 C7 E; R# l3 ]
145. General administrative noncooperation! d1 W+ K2 k$ _5 r
3 f7 x9 R- o$ Z/ N 146. Judicial noncooperation
1 m6 X3 \5 u9 X4 o; Z4 T* v 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 b$ m& a9 T4 R/ T2 D! z6 G. M 148. Mutiny% G# S7 ^* L1 Z* T+ T' e; @
Domestic Governmental Action. J1 M) ]; @2 ?/ b1 W1 x8 S) O9 L
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' x( l5 u% j* X9 o9 w: u 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; V* ]2 T0 g# B( ]4 |
- |. l4 P3 ~4 X& U8 k. l5 S, NInternational Governmental Action
7 y% z0 ?$ Y9 Z# h; C 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ C4 D: {& X6 H 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 T5 R; y1 h- x% n/ f* {4 f' U 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. x4 e' C0 ~9 q! j 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% ?8 {8 l0 m& ]- v6 b- b( _/ k 155. Withdrawal from international organizations* P2 q# d* r# k% r; x. K& {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# c5 ^* E( r( k( z' k* Q
157. Expulsion from international organizations4 u, G {, |3 @8 X
. P3 ~4 t/ c; f2 c7 {
5 I- z$ g, T/ O) U& H/ S C5 P" }; B9 l2 w2 y0 u
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
+ g2 K& C1 y. M) r3 J! `6 u5 p# Z$ v6 Y% w, c, Z) B
$ @4 H+ ?* H/ w/ A I! n- p; wPsychological Intervention: v& E7 [! v+ q+ i. Z* V( f! u, ~
158. Self-exposure to the elements' o- y3 V& O0 m2 x5 b$ Z0 b" E
159. The fast* L& ~, c7 f! [& A; A+ Z' G4 K
a) Fast of moral pressure$ u! i8 N/ ^ {8 Z' n
b) Hunger strike) m$ h; T+ N2 S7 K/ b9 d6 N
c) Satyagrahic fast
, C# d! b7 u( k$ w 160. Reverse trial( i5 Q) \* n0 {' @/ X2 K
161. Nonviolent harassment* s' G) D" d+ }( V& V
1 c/ N1 R& ?( t- uPhysical Intervention& b0 R3 ^, D/ r" x- x) {/ j
162. Sit-in, w) z( Y! Y; J: B' h
163. Stand-in- ^" C7 Q: G: ^9 h9 A6 V
164. Ride-in
* F* G6 g% \) D; z8 P- Q9 o 165. Wade-in% p4 t) Y$ E( ?1 D% Z" B
166. Mill-in
; L1 Q3 j3 F0 h# ~. I* O! G 167. Pray-in
9 I9 H4 E7 {, m& F: w 168. Nonviolent raids$ K2 t, m0 C7 X; K8 H' j. L" w
169. Nonviolent air raids H) V" f( l# F+ A5 J, i" N
170. Nonviolent invasion0 J- |& D: R% K4 l
171. Nonviolent interjection
$ l" q8 s0 N0 C. _' |0 z7 l 172. Nonviolent obstruction% r: n4 E: I, [5 H6 M z/ B0 U
173. Nonviolent occupation( R+ S& w/ n( ]+ q; E5 s) A
' f: B0 z; R& z% ~: ]* i0 WSocial Intervention) c1 _( }7 x# L" U; N( m6 S
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 p- ]% @2 o5 D6 I 175. Overloading of facilities" }0 ]/ W0 O0 m. K
176. Stall-in
" j' D d# b0 p* T' \& p% h2 r 177. Speak-in# {; x% R* Z6 a+ ?' X/ r" r
178. Guerrilla theater
. j& f) u4 v9 _: K2 S8 Q7 Z 179. Alternative social institutions
- o W% e- C$ N 180. Alternative communication system
# q) _3 v ^0 \9 h8 s' B
1 \4 b7 q% o+ B6 G* u9 JEconomic Intervention& ~1 q4 i0 K7 N. @" [( k7 {# s
181. Reverse strike& M5 @! K. `2 V. j! o
182. Stay-in strike) n8 _9 @% |! X& V4 f
183. Nonviolent land seizure. O& q) s) O- M5 |+ l
184. Defiance of blockades
. S4 Q5 _. Y; D! H& d: B% K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 Q3 R6 r. Q0 t) K3 I* o1 m
186. Preclusive purchasing
( R% |# y6 m' ]/ j; `. p 187. Seizure of assets
: L1 A: p! m* u" d3 U 188. Dumping5 f9 Z/ ]0 Y: t
189. Selective patronage
3 e6 K" z8 E' Q7 _2 a% N+ ?; _ 190. Alternative markets- m4 d/ a, q# x+ F$ x+ L
191. Alternative transportation systems" X0 I4 M+ z! s1 E
192. Alternative economic institutions9 C. ]4 r" W" y6 L9 A& [
/ z2 j$ Y4 J& t" l$ N6 TPolitical Intervention+ }# c, s2 }! a( r0 U9 G
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 E3 X' ?' p" F. X3 P 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* S1 @0 b$ m7 q' x! R- d
195. Seeking imprisonment# p% ]9 E5 {- |3 n0 ?% n J7 C& N
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; L; m- u* X6 h! \/ t( x 197. Work-on without collaboration
7 P3 v: ^- L, e. i 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 Z% Q) h; I0 G
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
