 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 I2 i$ p$ }+ |5 q' ?1 HFormal Statements
' C; m. ~) M8 L: c4 u9 ^ 1. Public Speeches; [: ~' o- V1 P5 O; R4 S
2. Letters of opposition or support
- m5 g9 P# s0 K5 l' e% w 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 }* m |6 d7 ^, ]1 ?/ U9 H& F 4. Signed public statements! V; W5 A# }3 I" a( k( E6 f3 l3 N% w
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ D; e7 x/ W [ 6. Group or mass petitions: J( `. S, d9 R9 g
" C+ S7 q% G: s' n1 ?; u
Communications with a Wider Audience
. ]! [ L8 l' U3 [, E) a 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 U+ W8 a; m6 Y" }* }' m! l9 \ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 ?5 o; P& ^$ A. N
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 {. x5 w; n4 M0 y; M7 W 10. Newspapers and journals
2 k$ X( |& |" ~- o7 j- p 11. Records, radio, and television: X% Y& M5 q( O1 W
12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 s$ H% p2 `* G8 A( E0 `
3 W6 k+ f. m4 OGroup Representations) [% @- U$ f; {' R
13. Deputations
; ~+ T* b6 I/ E4 o4 ~ 14. Mock awards( g/ C* ?' b- E: q* q6 A
15. Group lobbying l* A7 V( {6 W2 O- e
16. Picketing* N. @5 X$ v y* Q2 |6 ]( p
17. Mock elections
! z. {% @2 O+ N# e/ y$ ^: m, X
- n! ]1 U# M7 x! D4 k) `3 h) OSymbolic Public Acts' ~7 W, l' S) O% N' x% M: T
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 q# l B: @$ q. ~ 19. Wearing of symbols
+ F3 H- ^4 W4 m3 O) o4 c 20. Prayer and worship
) Y1 w2 I& |5 @/ ]* T- b 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 u) n& L. G, z% g$ l
22. Protest disrobings
4 r2 w, j" {, ?7 S5 G 23. Destruction of own property7 t3 j( F3 h* |. V6 L
24. Symbolic lights
9 T: x+ s. Q) Z( R1 |* U R 25. Displays of portraits
* {5 {7 {& @. N 26. Paint as protest
2 ?4 F+ N! L% p; C. U7 M 27. New signs and names
9 r# N& R1 u1 ~2 J d# b 28. Symbolic sounds G+ } H% B" b/ B' X6 S- e
29. Symbolic reclamations
! c* x" b4 e$ b: H- i6 L/ \* ~ 30. Rude gestures( y$ q+ j& i# V$ k6 ?
* R8 p, m: _ L, B1 ?Pressures on Individuals( q: E! p% `0 S' \& Q! Q0 Q: g: k
31. “Haunting” officials5 A0 G$ `. i$ c9 L: C
32. Taunting officials" m4 v9 p& D0 r& ^- Z/ b3 \* \
33. Fraternization9 N* V& [* N$ X& G0 e: q5 F
34. Vigils8 H8 K9 W2 i( i6 z# @
& X0 F% W8 I4 s- }( p( v
Drama and Music
5 ] r2 q8 v& |6 C. ~, Y7 ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks& d$ `' C( o( P" o
36. Performances of plays and music
1 K q. J0 N* ?* o8 V" @5 I 37. Singing
+ X6 w$ L) H, ]7 z3 V) ~* o* R, _) ~" s' ?3 b" W
Processions# C8 L* _: D6 Z, Z, @8 M* z
38. Marches
5 l: G, g1 H. B: {: W 39. Parades
! T `+ ?+ [4 E1 ]: N" h: h 40. Religious processions
( A- x% b F u& \/ v 41. Pilgrimages
0 A) P" f9 [2 Z 42. Motorcades: l- v5 W# L2 o Z" ^8 Y$ c
8 E4 X! D4 s3 t: aHonoring the Dead) O/ E! a& n `' s, [' k
43. Political mourning# W2 y, q3 v9 [) m
44. Mock funerals1 h4 X% G+ R2 g# `' _
45. Demonstrative funerals# [# g* K7 s/ _& `2 r/ a
46. Homage at burial places
$ a, {* ?3 S- a( m p+ q" b' f9 r, L6 ~5 `: l' d& K0 O
Public Assemblies
! d: G6 z* f2 i- {$ H 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* } |0 l/ |' m% \ i4 j# f) I 48. Protest meetings/ X& o5 F: M+ N; W* Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 G) u: U9 Z% _* d2 t# l* x0 S$ c1 s
50. Teach-ins
2 m) l, m' L" ?4 k% V. W' E$ }
0 ]6 g7 i; r$ o1 [9 NWithdrawal and Renunciation+ b# B5 d, v2 m$ S [" Z) |+ }
51. Walk-outs* O+ n9 o* v' _! O: q8 J* g. F
52. Silence0 c$ e% M8 _, d
53. Renouncing honors) ], n# u; k5 K0 h, w
54. Turning one’s back
" z3 T. y1 b4 P( e. }9 ~& A* B8 H" _7 |( w+ r- C$ }3 |
& }3 L5 ?# Z* ]7 o/ B4 P6 @: N: M* u; T/ K# O( v: _" S- d% g
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% X2 {: \2 \9 X& W
* m3 I$ O n9 K0 n
3 j5 G# w; f9 ~: U; B1 B) V3 J& s
$ l) I' s( {! m D- H* mOstracism of Persons7 \( o) g% ?" f) @
55. Social boycott
+ Y( T9 T' h8 D. P: m5 } 56. Selective social boycott
* y' x1 \# b+ B0 _$ q 57. Lysistratic nonaction/ Z. J& d0 ?0 L. w, {3 i! T
58. Excommunication4 [7 y, K" S9 H; W: L$ H4 I" Z" P! {
59. Interdict/ z) w$ N) S0 J1 C& f
7 w2 Z$ @1 V( T f
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( Q( `9 u0 _0 e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% B2 S$ z% i1 t; c* s9 { 61. Boycott of social affairs
3 b. b6 v; N8 p 62. Student strike. T" N5 d2 u* P- h6 B; S5 m
63. Social disobedience8 l6 q' B) ]8 W
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
, h/ Z9 _2 i& p3 F, R' T4 b) W1 T" }
Withdrawal from the Social System A8 E1 H1 ^0 |, E! q
65. Stay-at-home
2 v$ v* I8 f+ k. R/ a 66. Total personal noncooperation
$ a! c: n8 D, r( B0 m# r$ U& e 67. “Flight” of workers0 Q2 v, \, }( N
68. Sanctuary" c1 I/ k, [+ p4 B- @) P
69. Collective disappearance
" H1 B; @( A+ Q7 Z0 } 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): y6 N* E4 h I
$ H. G6 e0 i) P3 X/ B
4 z' z1 t* d$ ~# w0 o" C5 ~
; Q( o- i, R m: }# U3 f
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. y+ b3 C- y% f) o4 Q# p
: r( T: w- o& a ! l7 I" T# M e8 a9 F: j
Actions by Consumers% \ X" g6 Y( p8 c9 B& Z! {: i
71. Consumers’ boycott3 D c: j8 {/ [5 f3 M# s( ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 ^& i$ f+ W, A+ B, k 73. Policy of austerity
4 r1 c+ H6 ]# [% n3 x 74. Rent withholding$ l: {5 R' ^2 V+ U/ K$ i) I; @
75. Refusal to rent
: U# q7 S$ u" i1 U. ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott' {) B8 {) t8 d9 _- m/ k5 v5 @, C
77. International consumers’ boycott
3 J' i: K. T; f* M3 |- k
% B Z) ~% A" t$ B% j5 [$ l5 T7 rAction by Workers and Producers# @+ G! A8 e# |$ Y* C W( g. w
78. Workmen’s boycott
; P+ s' l4 A1 x; h7 D/ @! w 79. Producers’ boycott# f9 f, U+ U) H# {
/ T8 [- R3 t9 K" C& p! O
Action by Middlemen1 u3 n: i+ [, A+ q2 b X; H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ }1 W7 O* _$ l( V; N& b% k
" d% R6 o" M5 [ a5 f8 ^) lAction by Owners and Management$ r2 ~7 X) E. T! O
81. Traders’ boycott+ T1 F g! x6 q& r6 H0 u u/ S) \
82. Refusal to let or sell property1 `& P: g1 E8 j G9 D
83. Lockout; ? D; O2 s9 N
84. Refusal of industrial assistance. z& G# S$ j% C3 v
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. v* G3 _! d6 a$ j- K* y
. g+ X: p! C' d3 W" R1 xAction by Holders of Financial Resources/ \5 f& C# J2 f1 J( I) f# F5 ~
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ d B8 z0 X/ T3 L2 X
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 ?0 `7 _5 w/ E* S) u& _5 E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 A% s7 S! j8 }" @; c2 _; v
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 `# c- g& ?& U/ F# }5 |+ g- s/ t 90. Revenue refusal
2 Y/ f( J, {( z9 S R b) A 91. Refusal of a government’s money
% s+ `9 T' W2 {) ?+ _) _! c/ A; b% V
Action by Governments
. @2 w+ d9 }9 M5 ^# O% F5 [ 92. Domestic embargo
& M$ U! n+ O8 Z 93. Blacklisting of traders
5 C% D" K6 }$ d, O" } 94. International sellers’ embargo/ ~* _, H+ Z$ g- Z! K& T8 J6 c' H
95. International buyers’ embargo6 r: L' m0 ]0 i! B5 E$ F
96. International trade embargo$ ^! f) ^& k/ k
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3 t4 m8 I" Y; Z0 {3 f
/ k2 t5 u, w8 M2 E! D6 w& ]/ U) d; tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
$ s! x! C; e1 r4 Z+ F. `4 `8 Q. s& e) a3 [1 \( C' m/ ~
# v9 ~0 J! f, C4 s! qSymbolic Strikes
! h, l8 u/ M1 z2 U/ n7 N7 @ 97. Protest strike# [2 p" q8 x& i( ~& v0 |
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): M9 u3 [5 y/ K/ o9 T
, F# U# @5 @8 P8 o7 F9 WAgricultural Strikes* x: q3 c' ^( b2 p
99. Peasant strike
. E% {7 R9 |- _9 J: x 100. Farm Workers’ strike
* V0 X$ K2 @, Q. {
4 Q! e, a" T. H3 GStrikes by Special Groups
" O. p1 Y5 A# ]: N2 J) R5 c 101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 Y* Q* o7 e) A# A/ A8 B% E 102. Prisoners’ strike
" @! d5 T s: `4 ?6 B3 ` 103. Craft strike
# g2 A; p5 b" l1 o- r 104. Professional strike
% M3 B6 n6 Z& v; y N& {: |6 W. e' Q: o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
8 S& Z1 {7 Y' q& y9 V 105. Establishment strike0 Z6 b4 G9 o3 |1 z a" J2 L
106. Industry strike5 P" u( f5 u) e
107. Sympathetic strike5 D/ U9 T" B( k+ U& J
, b* v3 }3 @8 a6 o- V% eRestricted Strikes
' C" b4 ]6 P' e3 f2 {' ]/ n" G 108. Detailed strike$ B/ K \4 V" X1 K9 j2 H# W$ |4 u
109. Bumper strike, R: T0 k9 z% e }
110. Slowdown strike
! |: R; F2 Z- B6 e 111. Working-to-rule strike
& ?) d- L; a$ z4 {4 |1 x8 P 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 s7 m g& V8 o0 I* Q8 h E
113. Strike by resignation+ S, L! l: ~0 w0 w
114. Limited strike I: ~. ~8 I6 l2 `
115. Selective strike
" K" k' F+ Y! `6 ^2 }; ]6 j& {: g; Q+ s2 a" Y V1 ?/ C
Multi-Industry Strikes
6 ~1 y: d! {6 V0 D3 G7 T4 j' ^( P y/ `7 @$ y
116. Generalized strike
. M) w4 d3 w7 A5 ?$ s% Q
* p( Q2 [* v; N+ I2 O 117. General strike' \; z! u \, ^" S& C; [0 H5 y* N
# @: `/ O8 l( P' ]/ N! H% JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures% g8 B! f& T" q! I2 i2 J+ v
1 g) p4 p5 g s 118. Hartal
! N9 N: T% _; {: {8 b4 t3 Y6 {2 M/ L' j- f, T) U" S& k
119. Economic shutdown
# i% H+ p6 t2 G/ C6 d7 Z* T& `+ \4 ] E8 F/ i
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 V g) n# p2 n1 z8 J; m/ x# G
- c+ v7 n. ~3 n5 s7 f
- f0 g+ H9 J3 r+ D8 E4 G0 V7 nRejection of Authority' b Y1 n7 _, `6 Z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance R- u9 j8 X# Z! V" A$ |
121. Refusal of public support8 z4 |5 J. \$ a+ u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 X" c$ E" d6 ?1 Q( W
* H) I' ~7 n" i$ g' ~. X% b
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government. R2 K1 D# b$ o* {% r [7 A( H) g
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 `- ?, `( \8 S C7 q( p w. [% O 124. Boycott of elections
) c" A: {3 \" v, T3 U 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 Z. g$ L2 H/ \* H& X) A 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% h' }* c( I5 ?
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 [8 Z4 o1 y1 p5 P/ i( D# d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( H* L% a& V w- d
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ l, ?; F9 j& D+ l1 |" s 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ c$ j Z0 K0 w
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) g% s+ Q# D# W3 S0 P9 s 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions m2 ]5 _4 b( H' D
6 R: L' r' S1 Z! }2 a
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( v' S x0 n& V+ i/ o" f4 j1 [
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 o" E, X! F$ [4 v# E 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) {; X2 ?4 {5 c* ?
135. Popular nonobedience
, a0 b8 Z1 V; }5 _# o- [4 _ 136. Disguised disobedience7 F( S4 l* z$ ?/ k1 w" W7 [7 j, h
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse S) s2 z& d! Q! s* h1 w
138. Sitdown8 u8 p7 b$ ]" T; H
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 P- d! C7 g! W" c! f/ h2 G 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 V" o/ Y, {5 L7 f2 m/ a
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) k8 q# _* [: }5 f3 {2 S) j% U1 v+ b5 v' ?
Action by Government Personnel7 R0 u [: x: c f$ `0 Z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* J1 m; J5 z+ j1 }4 W! l 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" ~: c2 T- n' }0 J6 K- t 144. Stalling and obstruction
9 Z$ o7 v" s' o 145. General administrative noncooperation
0 D1 w- }1 @9 F; U- o% s) g& O8 W5 c9 K) O
146. Judicial noncooperation* d" g+ ?* @2 I+ k( ~
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; I% q+ C8 d C, k& w: o' d
148. Mutiny, v: s/ Z4 L8 T6 D
Domestic Governmental Action$ f1 I, F1 q4 X
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 M) f( F* [! _* e; i: N
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 v6 j# c' Z8 A
! g2 |) v+ _; }4 q$ ?International Governmental Action
1 J, l# `( C6 U5 \3 k: c0 ~8 W 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% G7 h$ r7 R3 v5 ~8 A8 L8 F 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 s8 L9 M" d0 I" @" k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition A2 w9 M8 w" I& c# I
154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 ^3 s/ z C& R9 p1 W, `# C& r
155. Withdrawal from international organizations) l& W8 D; @, f# W; [
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- L8 R9 ?( D& @9 b# h8 M% r
157. Expulsion from international organizations$ D& |/ g5 L! Q0 m/ X8 ~9 E, l
/ T0 e( }+ L d& t) \/ }) \
8 Y' C7 G% L5 a& i" l. t4 `
$ a& L; J7 H! g: M, gTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
3 ]2 s4 L* R, Q
5 u* p. ^' z3 o3 a2 } 6 S8 R/ v2 {" s+ h ?3 _' A9 b
Psychological Intervention7 l) n- {/ H6 A W8 b
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 A/ @0 Y4 X4 p& D 159. The fast
5 P% O6 G0 [& `: X5 U, k0 X a) Fast of moral pressure7 J3 Y. L k- R e# e3 L& g2 \( A
b) Hunger strike
) ?; ^" F1 Z( w! E( ]0 _, V c) Satyagrahic fast
; T) V" H8 f# _4 M: U 160. Reverse trial- t w$ r2 ?* e% }/ _
161. Nonviolent harassment) x0 _% S8 }8 K+ H
' p# w h6 J& mPhysical Intervention% e- ~$ [+ |0 w' C( F# L1 J# X
162. Sit-in1 U7 N5 z& X7 r6 q
163. Stand-in) o# |+ T1 D( f4 \
164. Ride-in& O7 \6 M" Q9 o9 l+ f+ l: D
165. Wade-in6 a$ x# o v6 O5 t
166. Mill-in
/ ~% K: Z( @& p: j 167. Pray-in. \3 z2 u6 j1 R) N3 { r, d
168. Nonviolent raids
~. ^$ ^2 [! i 169. Nonviolent air raids
. ?8 y. H$ A: p5 @& E% D8 _' c 170. Nonviolent invasion& u: j1 c( {5 Y1 l
171. Nonviolent interjection- a- Q6 h3 ]- }; Q' b
172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 p% L+ Z) g. r) F 173. Nonviolent occupation B- D5 B* y% L7 i' |
}$ N1 Q `: A. ISocial Intervention
6 {& f8 z3 {8 P( @0 z$ g 174. Establishing new social patterns
1 s3 w8 _( a5 h+ j; G1 Y" a* w% N 175. Overloading of facilities! K' _7 D6 d" V; S) r' a/ q
176. Stall-in0 @+ Z+ h2 W6 Q1 m/ n
177. Speak-in
6 v' q6 i$ T2 x+ L3 |$ F1 m 178. Guerrilla theater
" T: m& V' J. W! s1 b+ k o& p 179. Alternative social institutions* u) G8 m9 }; w( F' h2 p% n/ g: e. @
180. Alternative communication system
% p. S4 |3 S( J& m$ P
2 B; r; m! L2 MEconomic Intervention
{7 ]+ K0 H$ e" z4 O& V" ^$ @4 J) l 181. Reverse strike
9 }$ M4 Z# u, ^3 O( m 182. Stay-in strike; N+ c. J- X7 W6 V3 J3 l4 q
183. Nonviolent land seizure {- `# L* ~8 y& h- {
184. Defiance of blockades
+ z# }9 v- ]( I' t( b+ O( R 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 w( [/ _ i8 }$ W5 Y% d
186. Preclusive purchasing6 `# V5 e# Y( f* I: [+ m" U2 v
187. Seizure of assets1 [' O2 m% Q# `, h+ ^
188. Dumping
& |1 D* w3 b- u7 [1 ?) e 189. Selective patronage: f m0 \* R1 c# B$ b
190. Alternative markets3 e# ?, Z# a9 d! s! Z. f4 l
191. Alternative transportation systems/ e, M; O) t& F* d' |1 e
192. Alternative economic institutions! ]- }; t$ s' V
/ m- E" A2 _8 g% A" n" J% h# \ iPolitical Intervention
6 z* z; O! w) R) c: Z# w 193. Overloading of administrative systems) F& _3 d4 p5 X+ j! l) p* R- d
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ Q i5 Z7 T- P% L/ D
195. Seeking imprisonment) L: S9 t; E% K1 ]. z, Q2 Y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% z9 b& i. i0 X4 \% w- { 197. Work-on without collaboration) y4 i- M, ~$ e A& j
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" ~9 \) F, p6 y
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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