 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 y7 W8 z- F9 R% G' r b
Formal Statements
/ h, a6 P' b" O/ k8 l& c- U 1. Public Speeches& P! r4 J; J0 p( R/ `
2. Letters of opposition or support5 z3 Z1 s% C' y/ k9 a( Q( \
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, a9 Z4 M; x" A' H# F! u
4. Signed public statements
t; O5 g' G, f# B( x6 W; i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 x- S& G- u7 i) n& u$ t1 f4 j 6. Group or mass petitions
' ]6 a! a7 r; w. \2 C
9 P0 P G' }9 K: e# j; jCommunications with a Wider Audience
3 R8 \8 @$ O! Q+ d; d, ~ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ \$ o# M8 {6 b( X) j+ a 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 E( G! _2 ~* A' Z- |5 G
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. [1 i3 [) w5 ^0 l4 H: A; u
10. Newspapers and journals
4 l9 f- U9 q" _* |5 P 11. Records, radio, and television: o7 ^* r& R/ ~5 A+ M+ U% `9 \
12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 m1 v+ K1 C X' z
8 g5 w( w3 J; a( JGroup Representations- ?. E- ~0 ~+ A% H$ }
13. Deputations5 B7 S* A; a; V w4 ]
14. Mock awards
+ V, O: x. a6 I9 r: `# K. y6 U3 P7 j 15. Group lobbying
; U7 z, i2 s& d' F) B! Y 16. Picketing
6 T# E8 K4 j4 \4 |# v Z6 |2 m 17. Mock elections) L" w" z. r) S: S: [0 m9 {
" ^3 k8 H L2 J! e9 s, s5 ZSymbolic Public Acts
3 f$ U- \9 |) t% U1 m6 k! S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 u2 V" C1 P+ ^# r$ y* p5 \ 19. Wearing of symbols4 K" {- r. n* e8 n$ D
20. Prayer and worship
4 n: C. M1 v0 K. m+ R1 K 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 ?6 j$ s0 z+ J6 B2 c 22. Protest disrobings
* L$ }# Y- D7 p7 r7 p0 F 23. Destruction of own property! P+ K5 |0 @, Y$ }: m! r i# I
24. Symbolic lights
3 W8 S9 l% R- `5 |( V; w 25. Displays of portraits) Z/ y% N+ s6 A* ^% ^7 y3 |+ {
26. Paint as protest, S( A0 l: l. ]; [5 h
27. New signs and names
$ t. p$ ]7 o' s# E" g 28. Symbolic sounds) k; U/ u7 B% u1 y; K* d
29. Symbolic reclamations3 J j4 P8 q% G5 d$ d
30. Rude gestures
1 T1 T+ M! L3 {( _7 c/ t' X% K9 S C* s
Pressures on Individuals
+ G, }# e) {! \3 g2 R- B 31. “Haunting” officials3 f3 K0 v- j3 q4 R. a3 W3 s
32. Taunting officials7 D- |9 }7 j* o, p
33. Fraternization4 o: e) F: H% g
34. Vigils
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/ b9 k; @- H" A3 p9 iDrama and Music. W4 M$ {# n5 F. \" D
35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 e! W6 A, C# d2 V$ `3 o3 S 36. Performances of plays and music
+ t* a- \* y- [( e! X 37. Singing
$ O% K4 A7 y. E* J5 }6 o: o9 Y% `/ u3 ?$ _( ^4 A: c
Processions4 S* R) U! z, `2 f+ t% ?) \! D
38. Marches2 k( M# d! p( g z$ l) ]
39. Parades+ n; E9 t4 p' |2 }; }/ p
40. Religious processions
9 H& A. H) ]# |4 t2 `+ l4 o( z) d9 x 41. Pilgrimages! E, K# d' C: x$ d
42. Motorcades6 K. ?8 s @1 b# e( u J) l
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Honoring the Dead
" z/ c7 ~. t. [ V 43. Political mourning5 Z9 U' w# S9 o& ~8 ~& A
44. Mock funerals1 u* F7 l8 F2 T% f0 L3 \# {2 P$ G
45. Demonstrative funerals) N; e& z, G& T: S
46. Homage at burial places# \- @4 d9 U( j, r* x3 z7 y
7 B! r2 h; D7 }# T$ M) E
Public Assemblies
: H8 q8 V0 i" t; U+ l 47. Assemblies of protest or support3 J D( i2 C4 Y/ _
48. Protest meetings
, v( S9 C# P3 w/ A) s 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) o- _9 V( A- G0 a 50. Teach-ins( I: l" F; C6 ~+ N0 V
2 m, B! H5 P2 R7 S2 [Withdrawal and Renunciation( G" p7 |% n( W1 V- W3 R: R4 M
51. Walk-outs
9 r2 Y; {) Y8 o( o; L: s" p3 t# f+ c 52. Silence
( d6 @ V$ v1 P 53. Renouncing honors3 A2 S( y! ?4 v6 z. ~, u
54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
?4 d0 O* Y3 g 55. Social boycott9 A8 r/ Y7 F8 S; M0 x
56. Selective social boycott
" I. D! c# m, b/ W 57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 C$ \- G. x! r3 T0 q 58. Excommunication
5 H. d$ S+ N! z. Z/ V/ b4 W 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& _/ u7 {$ S" f$ C+ q5 y9 I2 S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) k5 z, O3 n f/ p' Y/ V# n 61. Boycott of social affairs
* L. n7 z5 q& y0 O( R 62. Student strike
' @/ Y# B& v9 \4 K+ M& _5 Z; k 63. Social disobedience
( D8 w1 U/ @& J* q8 i2 \8 E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions: @/ H2 n% k; B
& T, m7 W7 s: T5 O) a! sWithdrawal from the Social System( r$ |/ `4 i+ G. \- B5 N
65. Stay-at-home
% N- k0 [+ X7 z0 O 66. Total personal noncooperation
6 J# [! N* R: p. ?8 I 67. “Flight” of workers
0 @. n1 U" c/ l* T 68. Sanctuary
% L+ t, T( R- H$ J0 j 69. Collective disappearance
& w& A, A( _3 O$ @; {# O5 b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 f( ]1 H9 N' H8 Q) k- K1 {8 v1 E9 {
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# i5 u; S2 c: v% V8 V
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6 s, N& Y0 b3 _3 d' Y: FActions by Consumers& F2 t5 j2 U% {3 m: h3 X
71. Consumers’ boycott" E$ h- V7 t/ D' d6 Y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; G7 f% p- ~2 ~
73. Policy of austerity
' S! r$ X( }. { 74. Rent withholding
" S( J# A2 F4 [& u5 { 75. Refusal to rent
3 N3 h1 {) ^" S* L: g% |4 X3 ~ 76. National consumers’ boycott
( l( {3 ]# _# n# m2 V 77. International consumers’ boycott
8 u: Z6 E4 H2 x9 A( R9 U+ W
% \- J3 ?/ K* B: A: EAction by Workers and Producers7 r$ N( d* |. M4 Q. R
78. Workmen’s boycott
1 [ Y7 T7 y% F 79. Producers’ boycott8 X( m/ `# E6 y. i0 g
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Action by Middlemen. E, w0 t( T& e" l5 U# @- a
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) h7 p9 \* i; a2 b
) S! i. L+ _% b" J. cAction by Owners and Management
) C; r9 G' _9 {2 q( E 81. Traders’ boycott
2 w" T: h5 v% m0 C' u7 { 82. Refusal to let or sell property4 @' L J' l. n' a6 w
83. Lockout. v, G) v: |) M2 a. u) [& w9 z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 f4 A# C/ i1 z# r/ f( G) m 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& B, C, @6 I3 u$ M* f+ u3 z8 N6 Z. K# I- L
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
& A% p3 p; _* ~ T% ~3 R( r' Q. C 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% ?( K! k* S0 O# I1 \: ` 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* D5 I5 V5 a$ f8 d8 x C
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) Y7 o& \7 b( Z( A8 O
89. Severance of funds and credit
9 U" E% T2 Q4 W* M8 z 90. Revenue refusal7 i" o9 x* ^2 p |
91. Refusal of a government’s money' O3 q, N/ @# M4 U' [
- w# h- Q0 q% R: [Action by Governments
* I7 E9 c# p- z& w 92. Domestic embargo5 F0 g, l `! k- a
93. Blacklisting of traders
. Z+ _4 ^) D: i `) I* y' ] 94. International sellers’ embargo
# O! O" P" Z& N% H1 b 95. International buyers’ embargo
8 V. s! m+ q. o( w+ T; Y! e2 @ 96. International trade embargo4 z8 [& S+ W' n/ I/ ]; s
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ U, F2 ^( W D1 ^" L1 Z y$ D
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: L# p* P3 ]# P6 Q8 c+ x: jSymbolic Strikes1 x1 q2 Z8 c; T8 i7 Y, g5 g
97. Protest strike7 h: H) m7 _" B3 m) q' b( \
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 V6 \0 z5 R8 _2 u4 ?
% P& n0 y7 y- L* D
Agricultural Strikes) ^9 M4 M n% y" y- E4 s
99. Peasant strike# I) e) ]: |% H& t
100. Farm Workers’ strike! l3 Y6 `$ v5 M; ]$ S8 l
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Strikes by Special Groups l# r$ h7 q: N0 O8 X; L
101. Refusal of impressed labor
# N1 w+ f" u' Q4 W) _ 102. Prisoners’ strike
; z7 M( T$ m. f' ]3 B2 O 103. Craft strike2 B) o8 L5 s" y2 A2 J+ Z
104. Professional strike
6 _* e& b) C. Y: X4 u( I$ J% g D! N% S1 P& e9 v
Ordinary Industrial Strikes" j. P3 B+ F @4 y' P0 J
105. Establishment strike' [: u; {$ T) p- R' [5 p
106. Industry strike7 [) Y8 T" n5 N( ~1 |: V$ W
107. Sympathetic strike6 a2 e) C& w8 W; _+ ?- `
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Restricted Strikes
" |& K, E! `/ |- T 108. Detailed strike* D$ B9 q: d" M6 j$ l
109. Bumper strike( e) ?# e. \( v4 I. o0 o- d8 v
110. Slowdown strike% m7 g, T) T; A' a5 i
111. Working-to-rule strike5 g! Q$ L" v& y1 y* v' n- D% @: l4 T* |; X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 M, a. _: T9 \2 F/ y3 A! i+ o+ _
113. Strike by resignation
5 i& W) d. G% z9 G* W 114. Limited strike
# Z' ~, v3 b$ C6 m9 V 115. Selective strike
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0 L! Z- S; u6 n" p+ c! h9 ^Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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/ G# q! w# O$ n# B1 Z* XCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal4 L, _, k5 T. e
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119. Economic shutdown# G/ \9 m4 Y8 Z8 @( G- g1 H4 B3 e
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0 n, K5 ?7 o9 s/ ^9 \2 N- v# PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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# u4 o# a. E! FRejection of Authority) [' ]+ W% c2 r7 ?
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) |) p' V' u/ ?" J# W$ ~" e
121. Refusal of public support6 |2 C# H: _7 ~& Q6 D( w+ o# k
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 M1 t8 P3 ]6 e1 X/ }) J4 M4 U" q
D9 U; k! k, GCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government- A, b- p- a9 A9 t: t
123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 i; h( |+ b/ V1 m
124. Boycott of elections1 B9 \7 O! U: a- f+ ]& U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions, T% U1 F) C. `8 u) J6 p1 F1 O
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies8 _% Z. c2 P/ @& {/ d q. g- N- ?
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- X, X3 v$ k. u a- A7 M 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 @. v$ V t5 s, ~ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' x8 a& g5 G. N8 N 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 \# S) M. M9 z2 f: O, E/ { 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 o- g0 d' {" ~2 h! d* b 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ F$ B+ Q. t! ^
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 n- B* { Z$ a, s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 @, e# U4 d$ z; H
135. Popular nonobedience
6 |/ b) S2 w2 c& G 136. Disguised disobedience& [5 m6 i& ], I# `% O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* Z# j' h4 Z$ B 138. Sitdown
% A: M9 x* [! D- C4 R* w" f 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 Y+ {; T1 @3 v1 B
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# G( R1 `. J& b8 ` 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel- p# p p7 b2 M" e
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% [! z0 C3 _3 w7 I! G. m7 C6 ]4 B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 j7 X3 ]5 N5 V, W( D 144. Stalling and obstruction
) K7 X8 `! M: k B 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation% w; p. c3 h. Z& P, Z
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ ^+ o+ p' A: t3 d' |- R( X( R7 G' \ 148. Mutiny) I/ K. [/ {- C% c% }
Domestic Governmental Action
/ g V: g2 r! s0 V0 a0 |" N# O: ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 [0 a; Q- |* {6 _, W7 \1 Q 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 x9 g( j6 g* e, E4 P
" I& m8 t# {1 c# k. B3 |- FInternational Governmental Action
) R9 W9 A- E0 w x% H- v- B) \ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, N( A& p9 f# H8 U. ~9 R0 t
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. J% O3 n4 Q) J& ^/ b: r- h 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! s; D; E \3 \" w( T 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 o0 d4 \4 U" b% f5 l Q& @ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
X0 \8 _+ Y5 z 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 }; v# k2 i$ H+ U 157. Expulsion from international organizations" h* ~, \9 p+ r! e( A
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" g4 Q8 e+ l, i
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1 _9 Q) D T& w: Z4 x GPsychological Intervention
, {7 K7 b7 u2 p2 X, w0 u) N 158. Self-exposure to the elements) f. I) [9 b8 G9 ?5 ?6 f3 y. d K
159. The fast, ^" c' j! m, Y8 Y% b
a) Fast of moral pressure
* V2 w7 n& l8 S5 {. O. p4 S1 _ b) Hunger strike B* f; T5 y2 D$ L4 u' S) _! R
c) Satyagrahic fast
0 t+ V9 e1 m; i; N# I+ J 160. Reverse trial. I6 k- ~2 d, |* J2 [) \8 C
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention; b9 n1 R/ t# E- r+ w' `
162. Sit-in
3 C7 V& i0 b/ _1 w: a5 n; X 163. Stand-in
$ V/ t& ~8 [& y 164. Ride-in
7 |0 ?& F3 N! n8 o 165. Wade-in" w# M3 R( T: Q. _0 x% M% c; b
166. Mill-in* U; c7 F* P( H* |" _
167. Pray-in, P9 T- l6 W: z! a* ?4 }
168. Nonviolent raids
+ |' ~5 l0 h) i, E 169. Nonviolent air raids/ a6 x! Z* r4 R
170. Nonviolent invasion. Y7 a& ^' {5 h/ v+ ]" I
171. Nonviolent interjection/ ^2 B. S& j* X3 z. m1 C8 ]9 h
172. Nonviolent obstruction* H: Z; f; e8 T9 d$ E
173. Nonviolent occupation
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& s3 [( V8 N" @$ E, V9 O8 q& cSocial Intervention
) |3 ~- Z# H; e6 J5 u 174. Establishing new social patterns8 }* e- p- a! {. W/ J
175. Overloading of facilities
' ^. a/ {2 \7 r( y v 176. Stall-in) N" a4 \9 K0 a9 U7 E
177. Speak-in
, g/ ^& ^% w; l/ ]# \! \ 178. Guerrilla theater
( D) {6 C1 n" u! s4 b: _ 179. Alternative social institutions8 R( }' |3 N5 t5 A7 n: w, }
180. Alternative communication system3 w( U' `( \# J" B
( e/ s7 q9 S( l/ M TEconomic Intervention: d/ X2 F1 N2 n$ w0 c
181. Reverse strike
9 y% a$ f9 f% Y 182. Stay-in strike. u8 O0 b2 k7 W( s
183. Nonviolent land seizure' y; g: {" J/ k: s
184. Defiance of blockades1 z( i9 H P" m9 ^' {6 s
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& }; V: v, _7 F
186. Preclusive purchasing# p+ |: T4 v6 G9 p, e6 R
187. Seizure of assets
! X" w l( ?' F* `1 L! G( R 188. Dumping
9 Y s& C) f, K" K" b 189. Selective patronage
" y( K% }; v8 y- s/ l 190. Alternative markets4 d- i5 T: h7 z6 h( {, X8 U* L" Q
191. Alternative transportation systems7 R: s, @) u. p: ]
192. Alternative economic institutions7 N- e' M0 V, ?8 |+ j
$ {8 B9 u' X; V; b/ X& R o) iPolitical Intervention
) W8 G: q9 I: _( V 193. Overloading of administrative systems2 c/ P4 O/ x' q+ ^1 q* }
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 Y9 X7 _' S! ~' y! Q 195. Seeking imprisonment) [5 l* c6 e( Z* e! d, T3 Y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 N' Q, H9 t+ w7 |9 `* n! g( z
197. Work-on without collaboration1 {5 v% O) Z, a8 }2 F7 }: O
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
