 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, T/ I# D+ s: M# c7 N- |0 A3 ~Formal Statements
: X+ t, J/ a C7 S 1. Public Speeches; @& m1 L' n% y" D! q
2. Letters of opposition or support* r$ |8 I! W% w1 f- K
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% u' s0 n" r E1 T- A' Y
4. Signed public statements
) T2 @( i2 m6 p# a# h$ [, F 5. Declarations of indictment and intention V" ]& b- |- M/ V1 F/ [+ c
6. Group or mass petitions
) u- F7 i4 m/ O$ x2 o
, `* ?+ F/ c3 E% p2 `0 L g& j8 LCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 }( ^ S% ?7 P9 d% q! r0 C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 p) V* ~1 h2 ]' E" }% \6 T
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- D) ]7 b7 ^2 o, V# V9 C; a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* d2 j2 q _7 U8 d+ I7 h- G
10. Newspapers and journals8 {1 J: X# {2 H2 m
11. Records, radio, and television" ]/ D. W* F( f- i+ s* X, f) T& r
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 J2 U0 s4 b* T; {& G. e+ i6 X% g2 d$ v
Group Representations
* @' n# [- {2 c' a3 M 13. Deputations
) v- D% {( f0 p( m3 i' Z8 j 14. Mock awards
+ o7 a' x8 ` `! N- Q 15. Group lobbying
( n/ W: u8 | ?/ W+ G' l0 ] 16. Picketing6 M3 C# Q7 Y- |& ]" K1 t
17. Mock elections- t( B/ H' f0 }6 J
9 V" |) e0 R2 \' u
Symbolic Public Acts8 O6 T* H5 T8 R& t
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; Y+ O! s% m3 _: A* m
19. Wearing of symbols1 I; q+ g; u: f# {1 Q. Y
20. Prayer and worship/ _" u" P+ l% k5 J7 V# G$ w; y
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 S: }9 g+ U; r/ x! U5 C. f
22. Protest disrobings. j1 f9 ]4 e( t/ z! l: @" ^: h* J
23. Destruction of own property
4 g! a# U8 x- F& j7 h% g5 d 24. Symbolic lights
: U4 N5 Z2 s3 Q0 t' a6 ` 25. Displays of portraits3 R! ^; K3 Q& o& x0 _* P3 `8 O
26. Paint as protest
# G7 n9 G% g P+ a( N' z% N 27. New signs and names B9 k5 _' R9 h" m5 A) A
28. Symbolic sounds1 q3 T/ `+ a6 U9 J6 S/ g
29. Symbolic reclamations, j1 U! v/ c! F, {5 Q
30. Rude gestures* S. C9 W4 ^. D/ D1 w& e, J6 E
/ h3 D/ n. w3 m' l0 l. r
Pressures on Individuals! w( i* }% i( t& `9 G
31. “Haunting” officials
6 T3 r ]( i `6 j) z$ o% X: c: { 32. Taunting officials
; Z& @; P! T: ^- r1 M) M 33. Fraternization
7 _& I8 M5 L/ b+ y 34. Vigils: X8 B' d6 h; p" D" ]& M
% p( @' a6 s1 c4 Y5 z6 cDrama and Music( `( o3 J5 m9 A- N% M1 D
35. Humorous skits and pranks
. h7 y l- D2 G2 P9 F. f% f 36. Performances of plays and music
- j Q5 i& ?9 g6 j) X- u 37. Singing
4 Q! E' y" @8 i& M) {9 ?6 A9 Z$ G3 J( }& H8 |
Processions
9 H8 _' h# S& ~- J; ^; ]! Y" c 38. Marches
6 y9 g8 r& Z9 `" Q) M9 q7 b 39. Parades
3 M, ?! o. a6 S! i5 E( e 40. Religious processions
2 U) o5 b& Y$ | Q2 A5 T) p( O! l 41. Pilgrimages% H# A# f* ~( j' C: X
42. Motorcades
9 f* x( u. m1 X; |# ^- @# M2 g8 e" E) z
Honoring the Dead
5 i. k5 B! f M, ]; D2 s 43. Political mourning7 H9 v w) \6 Q5 B0 S/ `
44. Mock funerals# C' s+ v. P* o
45. Demonstrative funerals4 U0 Q6 o$ R; g( Z6 g, \8 E: @& C b
46. Homage at burial places& [0 V7 J! k1 K% O1 c
# m$ E% G; p$ m" O/ yPublic Assemblies% w8 v$ \- s* X
47. Assemblies of protest or support% g; [0 K1 V5 s
48. Protest meetings
. r/ X# U, P0 T% N1 i2 _ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ Q, n9 K3 j4 f3 Z8 B" q( C
50. Teach-ins
6 ]- T, F$ W! y6 [5 M8 N2 p/ a# y
) p# f1 d" @" C X& F0 \$ W4 `0 HWithdrawal and Renunciation
, `1 t/ _; x+ Y5 f; G. j 51. Walk-outs
8 H( K9 D2 m1 D) d+ a 52. Silence$ ?5 D' K" X f7 E! X ]
53. Renouncing honors# q! t& m3 A, }# L, S4 [9 {
54. Turning one’s back
3 \. z% W% G ~/ E. C7 M' } S0 z0 r
M2 G8 n2 {9 [( ^: Z0 d9 i' }/ d6 |' N: f! ~: p$ Q# f
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 r& M2 |3 n+ l& p! P4 S - i* u7 E6 S( R# v1 S$ w. p1 H3 D r
6 y. O% }/ l% A [% h0 lOstracism of Persons2 }0 S- z O' k1 x! l
55. Social boycott8 P0 R0 z9 B* n: s) Y
56. Selective social boycott) P5 l& ^% z4 k. C3 _
57. Lysistratic nonaction
: |7 {# m( ?! |; y" M! ^: ]: f' f 58. Excommunication* Z6 p4 Y7 O" B* ]% @ C
59. Interdict5 b' i( N- y. z- @0 A2 u
2 U2 \2 k5 b" w( J9 O5 d1 K7 ANoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" ?+ t" a+ ~3 O* w/ K 60. Suspension of social and sports activities- f Q5 D1 k# c9 F7 Q- [
61. Boycott of social affairs
$ K/ F$ I1 r4 b& ~6 F 62. Student strike
- O# B$ f, J) z 63. Social disobedience
; d; f+ G/ `$ ~- x7 d2 w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions" a% l' t2 t5 |' k5 h9 c- j
! b" C0 `- V# X8 g
Withdrawal from the Social System
5 k6 G* H! l. Q" S; N- o$ t% B" q 65. Stay-at-home: o. t/ @8 P. ^4 w. p. J
66. Total personal noncooperation8 p$ W% X @+ J s4 K
67. “Flight” of workers# p, H2 K3 Q/ L7 J4 A2 A1 S9 \4 |* e
68. Sanctuary) s5 n$ V0 D0 J( Y9 a5 z6 \4 T& X; y/ S
69. Collective disappearance+ v1 R2 m. J3 N. X. a8 q* ]$ I
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ Z6 c3 |, E0 B/ L: [( R2 Q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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% K5 u+ T& n; c. }: cActions by Consumers
G2 c7 c* ~4 N8 I5 \ 71. Consumers’ boycott( R% Y# o! {! K- N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. d' f5 j/ v2 U+ P; {/ X! t2 n
73. Policy of austerity
- V1 d! x( r8 b7 i. I+ M% i" Q, B 74. Rent withholding% l; l4 `" k5 e1 j. P) R/ i* L
75. Refusal to rent
5 z& r1 K$ q2 |5 y* |+ c; D 76. National consumers’ boycott; y6 L) `/ j+ Z+ J0 J- w
77. International consumers’ boycott
+ t4 V% y( O# y
( K! M) ^. k0 @Action by Workers and Producers
6 z5 F9 \* m9 }9 S$ }- X# V+ A 78. Workmen’s boycott% G1 u, G9 Q; _' R* K; I- {6 C$ H
79. Producers’ boycott
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7 M# S5 D* h4 g( _4 D1 bAction by Middlemen( `4 c; M: e' Y4 L. A
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. Y/ V2 |5 g" X( e: D
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Action by Owners and Management
7 O3 }7 O7 x2 o 81. Traders’ boycott# M) A0 v4 M9 U; P7 S: L; ]
82. Refusal to let or sell property& K; I7 |6 Y: j2 q0 d
83. Lockout
/ X; s3 A; B3 B/ M+ ]! S9 f7 F+ i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 M8 t& [4 |9 \8 I
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ X7 C5 q( G* U0 w6 U2 A5 @4 k
3 t6 Z: y d0 `: L
Action by Holders of Financial Resources* n- }. \: b2 S* T$ s
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" r- v. _2 t4 w( B% l! j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: A% e! e- E5 k$ h; I1 X2 v5 E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% B2 d+ g l( \+ i 89. Severance of funds and credit
" L0 t1 D4 E& e7 | 90. Revenue refusal
/ j1 ^8 O0 ?. y {8 V 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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, I* H4 k. O ?1 LAction by Governments& S0 |) i. ?; t2 C
92. Domestic embargo
6 X- M) j. R, n9 A7 R- J0 V8 _ 93. Blacklisting of traders* n% o- }1 w; e' S
94. International sellers’ embargo
9 n& g% r- |% k$ v5 k 95. International buyers’ embargo
. k5 @5 n; X4 p+ g( {+ _' ~ 96. International trade embargo; n j2 _; p! X7 ^$ ]' f' e# F
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( w. i4 W. U) t" @: hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 h0 X' Q u4 }* p2 T$ D0 Z. u
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. h- l9 t/ Y7 n, V8 y: W: hSymbolic Strikes* L- W* m" X. P
97. Protest strike6 {, V) X }; O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). s) Y8 w" }" f1 g3 U
$ Y! c, l4 l% K6 zAgricultural Strikes: B% Z5 f: }; u2 g: A' q6 W/ C$ \
99. Peasant strike7 d+ d! q# J: I% u) b" k; A; y
100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 b I. R* z; O; F, k5 K4 \9 V' ?0 w9 ?) e! H1 Y& z0 O# o
Strikes by Special Groups/ u4 j X- |9 a6 ?, {; ~% L# ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ X' D% a+ ]0 a+ T& M& b 102. Prisoners’ strike2 L1 C1 ]$ \8 Q
103. Craft strike" {5 G# X7 N( A7 c
104. Professional strike
( {2 F, O2 w& K7 R# ^- c! \! b" r6 g8 g" j& s' c T
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 t/ y. r% _, J! b |9 i- i6 p+ O
105. Establishment strike
( H+ G+ G W5 P) F, w 106. Industry strike2 d+ k9 ?) f* ]) e0 F3 Z# o
107. Sympathetic strike1 K( K3 D# X9 [6 M: e+ A* S! ]
% I0 |4 [5 l$ P0 ]" URestricted Strikes
9 I, ?; b$ K6 z o 108. Detailed strike4 i; V& F- |! u9 ~
109. Bumper strike
0 `3 C- i' }; o. n: @! M' q" V1 B 110. Slowdown strike, T+ X) O3 ]; H V# `+ t
111. Working-to-rule strike! ?) `: Z' c2 V( \, l- _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. J1 c$ W! M2 w/ M$ m 113. Strike by resignation
0 x& S9 k9 }/ D x* V 114. Limited strike
3 Q0 J3 e3 d; o! s 115. Selective strike
1 {4 n# U% n3 k" J! q( |# X! R3 F2 ^
0 H& P7 K7 I9 S% `Multi-Industry Strikes( D3 X; _) ~! E5 r9 N/ _/ F# J
- l j$ p/ x. w7 q$ U+ g+ x( b# ?& V 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
3 _# K B. C) {# X( w& t1 T" n9 P5 w5 p7 @( w+ G5 n( n
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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6 a' i }; P& Z, {2 S7 CTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 t8 q* r3 K5 f) y4 t : ~0 r4 t; ]3 T( N3 [: u% R
Rejection of Authority
8 J( o; `1 l4 N5 J& n 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 u, k* V6 J5 [
121. Refusal of public support
/ x, R3 o7 y _ [7 J 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 ]& ~8 \, ?- F5 C
. D" V; T9 c) ?; t* VCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 r! [8 s" v' L4 j2 N' r
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
0 ^7 |1 T0 r" [) K6 w+ z# [0 l 124. Boycott of elections
" Q) S* M) i8 H: I$ N7 E! s 125. Boycott of government employment and positions: ]4 f H- z& _2 l
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" E+ E! G1 i `' V/ m/ b: i. E$ b4 H
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 ^ {. I" q) s9 I
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 w) m( q! X" N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. H$ E: s7 ]1 i$ M$ j
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# N6 f1 K/ T0 o4 ^( B( W6 ? 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ ~# P9 @5 W/ J
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# p' U& T( ~+ N
+ W7 S6 `! s+ ^
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 o6 A) q4 n/ P0 X: ?) x4 ]
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( F. ~, v1 I P/ G5 }) k+ J4 F 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ R+ }6 E* r0 e2 g' A
135. Popular nonobedience, M% t9 N% Y' {
136. Disguised disobedience [! Y1 @1 Q$ m. K. P. B9 V5 s3 ?
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' L* n( ?$ T# |/ k 138. Sitdown1 [0 R2 U- R2 {9 {
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 n' z3 W4 R/ s; q, s9 p 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: A7 ^1 r1 r- T# m 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# R5 _! m C' h# R4 R4 N4 X! x d0 \+ U9 U* U( E% Q
Action by Government Personnel" M: _1 y U. F& u# E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- r0 s# s, ?! N% s 143. Blocking of lines of command and information: }# M5 s6 Y0 f- J. k
144. Stalling and obstruction' }8 t6 P, s4 D; y3 l+ [
145. General administrative noncooperation
# {5 N* d, K7 a/ s3 e# {
' s) l9 R. G* S i4 y 146. Judicial noncooperation3 q1 s1 h$ Q/ }& ?% h2 `4 F" {
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: u2 W( M, H( G
148. Mutiny
* o* q) h( D9 W' k0 ODomestic Governmental Action
4 K0 M% b' X) }* a) V0 I 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 V9 S; f/ j N+ t4 I 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' d0 P+ Y5 v8 ~+ [! g
+ x9 Y) \ i a" C i8 K' XInternational Governmental Action
3 X" f( b$ K. g8 u 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 c- F" Y$ \% a( ~* j5 C
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. G4 u8 ?) |' y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ e9 E V4 F/ E! J
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
; \% g" R- u5 ~: n+ W 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! o* H0 k2 {* i, p) n w+ z 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ I# E: ?$ @& q- Q" P 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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S' V+ n- z2 n! o. s. l& B4 ^! k" f
Psychological Intervention
' c1 H" Q. P* r' p9 ~/ C% Z. G 158. Self-exposure to the elements* f) M7 ?- c6 Q3 J
159. The fast
1 L' N5 J4 h* V& ~& b- ` a) Fast of moral pressure/ S& W4 V) g1 j& N0 X
b) Hunger strike: u7 }( E* w2 A5 T7 I5 A
c) Satyagrahic fast e# @- d) S* ~& ?: k
160. Reverse trial
' W% b7 |% N3 l 161. Nonviolent harassment& [, @: Q. o4 g% H3 d9 j7 {5 e
" a; c2 _4 O9 r1 B& E, aPhysical Intervention
, ?* E9 z" F0 a- S' h 162. Sit-in
1 G* O- |+ ~9 M9 G R 163. Stand-in" x$ D' H) a3 S
164. Ride-in+ a6 v# t+ O8 N- h- p! p
165. Wade-in
; P9 Q/ [! T) {4 A0 M, N 166. Mill-in! x2 E5 o; C3 T/ n
167. Pray-in
. e. C( C( v% f5 I R1 Z- i: ^6 `. p 168. Nonviolent raids
9 z7 A. l0 j( z 169. Nonviolent air raids8 N- H$ Y5 I* x2 ^. r/ p- a) t
170. Nonviolent invasion
4 Q- u% e4 U. o5 G5 w9 T: T 171. Nonviolent interjection
2 T' R9 Q7 [. V& H1 y 172. Nonviolent obstruction3 d: \* A) {( h+ W+ x G0 `" B
173. Nonviolent occupation$ k( I, [8 {7 f P
& S" k8 C# M- V# b/ [3 }6 M1 A& DSocial Intervention( r5 g. M% Q$ W, {- k/ n# }
174. Establishing new social patterns% X; n" U6 S! H3 L6 X2 b
175. Overloading of facilities
' z# D0 I4 ], E( C" D7 ? 176. Stall-in
2 S, V- |: X6 m1 @: G$ f8 B0 L 177. Speak-in
- {0 p$ P: \7 `& h% a$ T+ X t 178. Guerrilla theater
# J3 T; X6 ]4 q6 X8 Q# e4 [% R, A& p' X 179. Alternative social institutions+ Y( ?, b2 J) v1 \9 f. n
180. Alternative communication system
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5 O: J- U* Q* e! a$ { \6 JEconomic Intervention
# [' t8 {5 c* h 181. Reverse strike5 X1 p9 R: C% J3 y9 v, r4 k0 x' n
182. Stay-in strike
7 l" h2 |2 o- s" t1 ~2 s6 f 183. Nonviolent land seizure
) ^' j2 B: Q% l: C7 V2 ]6 Y 184. Defiance of blockades0 Q' U6 y' K* Q( X2 R
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting( E/ f$ q6 A d
186. Preclusive purchasing
; R9 o ?# R, R7 P% u 187. Seizure of assets' ?+ N) J6 K( N; f# i
188. Dumping
# P, ~0 | m: G8 o8 F4 u/ i3 R 189. Selective patronage5 I' g. }2 H& Y
190. Alternative markets9 t& Z# i; R* B) A* \: g
191. Alternative transportation systems" A( [% a. v/ H$ Z2 D% Z) ~+ _
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention; V+ v; N9 i6 L+ @
193. Overloading of administrative systems* w# X% G/ _ v3 A% x& Y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' ^/ e9 H2 u p, e7 B: @% v 195. Seeking imprisonment3 a G$ f* |( O# G) V. I
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. N: q6 {4 `! z
197. Work-on without collaboration; x8 R( p' k1 ~* q! S) X3 V/ a
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, B% A& @2 V) [/ v+ x8 n) h& a! T- q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
