 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION S9 e7 |+ }; m# k/ b/ x8 u
Formal Statements: B) H9 \" w4 l1 g6 G) O7 t$ Q
1. Public Speeches
3 L% t p8 J9 @2 O$ r7 g 2. Letters of opposition or support
( g& X* }% k1 Y6 O0 n2 m/ ^ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 Y$ ]6 _. d# @! Z5 Y 4. Signed public statements8 F/ T1 r4 @) G3 v2 p8 v$ D+ k6 S
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 s( T. x. f! \" d5 \, } 6. Group or mass petitions* ]4 I; ?" q$ ^) K& V. b% o) z
# t9 @( _% J# v$ _ gCommunications with a Wider Audience
$ L8 c1 d, w1 E, C" I 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 ^2 T# x2 ~: @$ }6 e: b- k) H
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 c: m; v8 r+ f! g, h1 \9 ~" t
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, `, s8 Y5 a' i$ R0 H8 B) @8 @" Z8 E2 O 10. Newspapers and journals; J/ i$ g9 |. r1 e8 @, q# ?
11. Records, radio, and television
- H. w5 R8 |) g9 L& ^ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 r4 ~" H! A. s% [& m8 U/ w5 c' l. Q, {1 V# e1 Q! b
Group Representations
7 ~3 y: `/ F0 L' w& o( M i3 x# q 13. Deputations
4 j' Z4 M5 c4 [* y5 X3 G$ ?4 i 14. Mock awards/ [$ y6 a7 Q! e
15. Group lobbying
) Y1 w J) a9 _1 U N- E 16. Picketing' w0 \/ {/ h7 V
17. Mock elections
. r7 v$ q& a6 c' g3 g
/ S# g! L$ w2 S; }) YSymbolic Public Acts
0 W4 _5 L, M( h$ Y# h$ J5 Y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 r0 Z6 }2 ]' `0 C 19. Wearing of symbols
) R0 h- _- \, E 20. Prayer and worship2 H4 A- T( V! B' a& `
21. Delivering symbolic objects2 U5 R i; p2 i
22. Protest disrobings
0 c6 h1 u) D$ b; ~0 I$ C, | 23. Destruction of own property
. k- R% a; i% ?2 \5 y o! j5 h5 g 24. Symbolic lights
9 N8 i/ v! {! B& e& O9 k. A& A. S 25. Displays of portraits
! ]- E: u# j# N" t 26. Paint as protest
( f5 u7 b/ p3 h6 m9 s, a 27. New signs and names& o- k& ^% X' |( i* i$ z+ v
28. Symbolic sounds
0 L- Y2 ?, ^9 V4 X2 x 29. Symbolic reclamations
5 u1 J. a8 ]) k% p3 U1 _ 30. Rude gestures
. q0 e' c5 V( v1 r+ S( Q2 N/ f9 i% q1 T; E; Y
Pressures on Individuals
9 r ?7 C4 O1 w3 C, X+ r* f 31. “Haunting” officials- G/ Y7 C a/ ^; \
32. Taunting officials! W- I! ^) W: i, U# a2 }0 {
33. Fraternization
. f8 ?6 J4 u) n. s 34. Vigils
/ S( n1 y$ `& l2 s" c8 E: s3 s9 ~* n) K. |3 @
Drama and Music& y4 H4 P: |$ {, D( d$ `% F
35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 g/ }, G1 ^( v+ N5 i1 W 36. Performances of plays and music" g: k4 g. b7 M B1 r2 F$ ]# z; E
37. Singing
) J* C& F! _/ N% P: p' S! M! i, A2 R1 Y% _2 ]1 t1 j! K
Processions! K2 r4 S' D8 ?' J( o! p% G3 s7 m
38. Marches* y4 o) m$ _3 j1 U4 B
39. Parades
1 _2 c4 }+ s8 G6 T n 40. Religious processions2 Y8 X8 t1 x. f |
41. Pilgrimages
2 `7 \2 ]. w& q& Z. s. _% j8 l8 s: D 42. Motorcades$ Z' e7 E* B5 I( ~
8 @1 q5 `: x7 b) I- `Honoring the Dead7 h8 d6 r O* ?- k! q
43. Political mourning$ a; |+ g5 T! S3 e. T
44. Mock funerals) {0 m0 I) N$ f( Z, b3 V
45. Demonstrative funerals
- Q5 o$ e5 |! ^1 |) U* |! c 46. Homage at burial places5 O9 |% t# m9 C T* q
- E$ W: i+ C7 ?1 C/ }8 EPublic Assemblies
3 s0 V$ ^; a1 T/ O8 L% X- ] 47. Assemblies of protest or support* E5 z. a, v: q5 T! U) D7 O/ U
48. Protest meetings+ s/ N) M% m4 r/ V: N! r j
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 q7 S' l; [7 Q+ R' ~2 C
50. Teach-ins$ R6 k# V* }( A* W7 U0 A
8 n! @; V* g6 SWithdrawal and Renunciation
# n; i5 F+ z, [$ t. [ 51. Walk-outs2 }2 w% A( A5 C8 j
52. Silence
1 ~, ~3 A1 [; [" w9 V 53. Renouncing honors
, E, ~% y: m2 v- \. O2 a- i5 u) z 54. Turning one’s back5 H2 e3 \0 F; u
2 S! L6 T- x9 R+ H
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3 U/ _2 j l6 v+ mTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, m4 i, d! k* ~5 v7 u) g6 X" f% P
) L! { u+ ~8 H) `- f$ b" U4 N( P
/ D A6 ~$ r/ s
( X' X6 D+ B, MOstracism of Persons
/ X+ U/ ]& J8 _" M7 M/ F 55. Social boycott# z$ c& k9 m: r5 u- t. I
56. Selective social boycott' o/ l3 N6 Q0 c' F" S. Z2 M
57. Lysistratic nonaction
n, O6 ^! r" D$ n4 {% \* A 58. Excommunication4 O0 v; \/ w8 S- J
59. Interdict
9 A: L( w6 t5 m& E, J! P/ O) |7 K5 {# `3 z. }( _' h0 W9 T
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ g% p c3 R0 Z! ~. Q! E) E+ }, J4 H 60. Suspension of social and sports activities h& P8 j u" |3 f. j! @$ N6 U c
61. Boycott of social affairs. P; O) T$ e5 p V+ x8 T, O
62. Student strike* ~/ J) J( Z9 F! o7 W6 `% U
63. Social disobedience! E$ r# U7 g! \, o) q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 E1 _5 t5 R: V. p: O& `) u
, ]7 m, F7 i' B3 t+ V/ b& zWithdrawal from the Social System
& C( D3 Y2 y( `3 P6 H1 y; b" } 65. Stay-at-home
8 ]; i0 n# v/ W+ C 66. Total personal noncooperation0 Q( g8 w4 }( }0 y0 j+ _
67. “Flight” of workers) ^+ u; D% S4 I3 Q, X8 b$ [
68. Sanctuary
+ q* Y. A: A3 {& e 69. Collective disappearance
) n1 a7 a9 h) [ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 M' L- \' [; \6 G* D/ e$ X3 ^/ _7 ~; i/ S! B. o: y0 l6 Q X6 \! D
E" l2 f; O& I& T4 b! d6 `/ J
! S M g% R: M9 ^/ @! [1 w" nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- b" Y; m2 T/ X; `, X5 h; i
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8 U0 q' n& ~1 J' _+ NActions by Consumers
" \ e7 d! W0 p 71. Consumers’ boycott) @3 C- d8 U; d3 L
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# h$ w: y9 J5 H0 j. v2 P
73. Policy of austerity
& c* b/ S5 [& p/ o+ p3 w 74. Rent withholding
# `3 z, r& k9 d 75. Refusal to rent6 V1 k8 q5 H8 T. r
76. National consumers’ boycott
& k( x9 t" [, ^$ A& S 77. International consumers’ boycott
! r1 y% }/ L7 S. Y! ]+ V8 ~1 e- `6 \ V
Action by Workers and Producers
2 p9 r, J" \ M1 _ 78. Workmen’s boycott3 f5 {" k* r' x% S# H" }3 ~' o
79. Producers’ boycott
7 p' D5 b3 _& p
! n, H; c/ U0 qAction by Middlemen
. a' G3 H6 ^* N 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 V" g) k) G S l0 Y) V7 ~9 N
: N% g% k% L4 S3 }7 A# ~" dAction by Owners and Management- {. W& u; u/ Y0 _6 r* I1 [
81. Traders’ boycott
& ]$ @& L' { W 82. Refusal to let or sell property0 X# g9 J0 {* Q6 S7 v# ~
83. Lockout- j3 B" N6 f( N3 A+ q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 }6 y4 I5 q6 n8 a; V 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 i: P) J; ?5 |. p$ ]2 S
! R( Q4 k3 ]! u" }; i5 l% C( v4 H" SAction by Holders of Financial Resources7 W/ M) L& y5 i2 _
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! x, `( k: O* i* u+ b; e+ c
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- U- e2 K# U- u/ Q* N
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ M9 S4 q3 f: i. S
89. Severance of funds and credit: |9 N% I) I8 }& Y. N: M/ t0 {; A
90. Revenue refusal
: \+ H" A2 ]& m2 C$ R N$ N. g, W) a& U, w X 91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 S5 R& K$ U6 H$ ?8 y
! A4 }% _ q# o/ L0 a* N, [# UAction by Governments0 b: a) {: ^( K' y' ]
92. Domestic embargo
X! e- p/ V1 P 93. Blacklisting of traders9 ? s Z) n, p( h6 o
94. International sellers’ embargo( f" v1 u: G; d$ Z3 J8 N" u5 U
95. International buyers’ embargo
: g7 W% R6 K7 w 96. International trade embargo
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; K- G/ ]3 {& w8 Q6 T# M, bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 N* h g9 ]$ ^Symbolic Strikes( C4 ]8 W; _, Y" v2 _8 O
97. Protest strike
6 R5 b' H2 a) @2 a/ T& Y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# ?" r6 N# s+ \% K
4 g; _1 K) u: u: Z! `$ L* [Agricultural Strikes
2 K/ e: i5 x* y3 E8 | 99. Peasant strike+ r. o' `8 w' c
100. Farm Workers’ strike9 C4 A' k+ I) Z$ b! l
3 M/ L9 Y( h4 X( C9 g0 cStrikes by Special Groups6 {4 m- K' F8 c4 d; t' P% u( z: s
101. Refusal of impressed labor% r6 ^( N0 J1 d+ I( O, W H( ]
102. Prisoners’ strike
6 r2 |/ B" d7 X5 e# L& y, R1 ~9 B 103. Craft strike% W2 Z2 M) ]& X0 s# L! g
104. Professional strike8 `! w- P1 s- a$ Q" ?' N
% V' `: k% L. w7 n/ w& ^1 G9 LOrdinary Industrial Strikes3 y1 L& b2 T/ C" S+ q3 x \
105. Establishment strike
8 O1 c* }: a& x( T6 V 106. Industry strike' A) y" r" y% R+ j, v% z- T
107. Sympathetic strike0 t$ q, T% D0 r& t/ E: {% M
- F7 E) {7 v# k# PRestricted Strikes
/ o4 R% l" R9 g. K. _9 c: h2 u% o 108. Detailed strike9 f8 y0 Y- w8 i9 p) X2 Z$ W: u* f
109. Bumper strike
2 Y9 a& ^" V. R; k# }: z& @# E/ y 110. Slowdown strike# p* f8 k, X( Z; x, J" M
111. Working-to-rule strike6 L( G# l- s- a% n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. Q: J8 B$ |3 ]/ H7 }& T! Q 113. Strike by resignation* K8 e" c5 q/ W( P3 l2 O% h4 D
114. Limited strike
0 N( E" A" O3 q/ I# p; e* W 115. Selective strike) K: s2 \/ @6 Z5 p3 m, x4 F; H$ l" x
! h* I( g3 q1 O$ w$ H. v j5 o% v
Multi-Industry Strikes% {7 w* ^& c3 T* c
: a* E9 C( [) K. s& G+ q! Q 116. Generalized strike
" }! a6 [+ i3 m( c
2 T) u5 [0 t' d$ @* S( |& b 117. General strike |# {/ n5 r# E- J$ |! P
, q I1 ], l1 g# p+ }. u
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 p5 T8 {" c ?$ |. y
: n% b2 U; X3 |' `: g 118. Hartal
. w, G: T1 l2 `9 y- w+ j% i
" B2 P& D! f% P: L1 {8 x. V/ x 119. Economic shutdown" I7 F- T. H' I+ I0 q) [: o- {
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2 p# ^0 d" n, g& \0 M1 Q% ?; l% u; \7 ^
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority% W* H7 P3 Z* g
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% q) P" D1 h& t2 m6 v( N. g
121. Refusal of public support
R/ P/ o p! z; Q' u- N 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; U# `* Z3 R% K4 t7 a' {
1 E% N) c V# U# q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; A) D$ a B# s" T9 w' n J 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; Q/ ^; O/ P' J, Z0 Q- O 124. Boycott of elections- w+ M& C% @8 z# R
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 \1 O" Q) y$ F2 [& ?5 h: B0 D6 P 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 P6 _9 ]+ T3 _0 n% F0 B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 z, e0 N" j9 A, j% m$ z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* G" o* G2 S9 t# @4 Z: T 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: z" i+ T7 t- H' A9 @8 Z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* Y6 N9 s" Z3 N8 Y3 G, J
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 K/ }0 v) Q9 }/ ] 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ V! |1 z8 x' g. p. a3 K) o, R
9 Q" K! R2 a* C7 G& I, r- C2 q& K
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 v- U5 f3 A7 n: \% L1 P0 `- ` 133. Reluctant and slow compliance# A7 u! | B7 K" P& q3 l) f
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# @* L5 a* G$ J) b, I8 F 135. Popular nonobedience8 {: N( e5 ?; _5 c% L, y! ?
136. Disguised disobedience/ d& S( G9 g% b+ q4 z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: ?% r( d' d/ \% v* D& E
138. Sitdown+ r3 O7 Z6 `5 b4 H4 E
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
g9 S" a8 f" Z; d, ? 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* {- b! g3 p- z- g 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 L1 ]6 h: C' @( G- z; K3 h3 M4 @% ^8 Z" c: R* \9 P
Action by Government Personnel) C% O" n7 E: `% J
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 q9 a* R" a% { v( y! H7 t 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' U* W4 X9 ?2 H6 {- m5 a" r 144. Stalling and obstruction
5 ~" o) k' E! w: ?. z( o V+ N! g 145. General administrative noncooperation v9 W* l' ]& t5 `
* }. g' _( O9 ?# r4 W' c/ [
146. Judicial noncooperation0 r U3 v! b( Q2 I( W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* Q# w( g j; k* V& I
148. Mutiny
: E* p$ K. Z) W% tDomestic Governmental Action
1 m$ G8 O |( ~( D 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 i, ~9 b$ ^/ Y& v 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 }2 w. Z/ d9 i5 ~/ |8 M
) j0 m, d+ Z% p3 b! I1 sInternational Governmental Action
2 ` ~0 {. C9 H; T 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 }$ [0 C' A: j; ]+ x8 c 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! c, K# ` }/ p1 w
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: {& X0 w. u6 t( F0 z* S 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
o- g6 R! p8 y; \) O, @ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 X6 u5 J9 z. [" U8 `0 K 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 y: j% _' }% j$ c x5 c( O- c 157. Expulsion from international organizations
' M& Q8 b( _. {* b0 Y& b$ p1 u6 M% U1 T E+ @& L# G" o* a/ a' e5 [0 B
4 E ^5 `9 @% A9 f
( ^: m" d: u5 L) L1 }THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 E `9 p9 K; R
" j. ^7 x) O8 B$ i% i* a/ l* \9 V9 ?
( b( e7 a$ |3 i" P4 ]1 g! qPsychological Intervention9 y! a4 w3 ]* L6 u- q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ i7 w. y: A6 W 159. The fast. x) v5 y Z/ E
a) Fast of moral pressure3 o3 t, y9 G% M- N, T( u1 x
b) Hunger strike7 ] P& X7 A4 o2 ?$ N, N
c) Satyagrahic fast1 W f8 E' b# j% j/ v" ~
160. Reverse trial
7 \3 ]" p3 d2 F3 f) c 161. Nonviolent harassment
) a3 Y6 N* |2 Z' `
. a2 a1 o: @- w, H$ _8 oPhysical Intervention
1 n3 j2 q9 ]) i% {% U0 y8 Y 162. Sit-in
" _8 {9 j! [7 X 163. Stand-in
, [4 c/ D3 o; h8 j, E9 j, c* G 164. Ride-in4 N/ U+ d- X" F7 [' T+ K+ l+ g
165. Wade-in
$ t" I9 H$ p- ]% A& g7 P8 }! x 166. Mill-in3 y0 ^, u5 V8 R
167. Pray-in
' \4 U4 w! T, g5 u& Z0 C 168. Nonviolent raids9 d9 R' d7 {! f. Q
169. Nonviolent air raids
3 |& h B, p* e2 j 170. Nonviolent invasion
' p: S9 B" }" ~' ^+ J0 ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection
" r& [3 d, B6 x5 B; Y* u% l 172. Nonviolent obstruction
# t" J2 d; i. Z: q9 p+ K0 P 173. Nonviolent occupation
8 i7 A, b B6 F7 _6 j1 C9 s" X! D) ]. j* `# R m
Social Intervention5 w1 ?# b/ i# o3 O5 v& D
174. Establishing new social patterns' B" i3 Z4 x8 z0 b; e
175. Overloading of facilities0 j5 v) j6 ?: r! A9 S" ~" x
176. Stall-in+ n$ J- g2 W% ~) \" O* d' O; H5 }) j
177. Speak-in* \! _) p! ^) v( D& B4 Y
178. Guerrilla theater
; P* _+ y2 q2 p% n* s 179. Alternative social institutions- L' a; O }, I, A9 m- V' W
180. Alternative communication system; A! b, R; M# k/ o
2 u$ }2 U& |6 v* eEconomic Intervention) t) M; `/ W' ^
181. Reverse strike
+ I: c6 N! u" F1 r [3 r 182. Stay-in strike* @& E; \# D: f, |7 ^, P8 y3 B
183. Nonviolent land seizure# k/ b: }8 t ]# ?) T+ @
184. Defiance of blockades( L( B4 [% \' ~; k
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" |# I8 i9 h8 g2 P* z 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 e* V) q! g: w6 V6 [; V9 c7 }1 b0 v 187. Seizure of assets- Q8 F1 P5 C' W) Z6 R
188. Dumping- T8 e. H7 n$ W( q
189. Selective patronage2 h, r# n/ @0 E
190. Alternative markets% N* z& b# [0 J' P! B% N6 O$ I
191. Alternative transportation systems
- K, O E s; [: J$ R 192. Alternative economic institutions
1 v9 B, f6 B% k
/ [. I; e, J9 E" J# w5 lPolitical Intervention& c) W, h [" \ k2 i# F7 B
193. Overloading of administrative systems8 }0 l& U5 u1 J6 H5 _- R
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' q8 u1 K0 o m& ~( O9 X- s' } 195. Seeking imprisonment
8 p3 i0 f1 Q$ K; o& ], f! q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; d6 m. A' k0 U" N! }4 ? 197. Work-on without collaboration
9 L: H* [1 p3 x G/ \ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 I) k" F# }3 T6 Z, L
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
