 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION q* A/ O3 o% ~- z
Formal Statements! O% [' D; A6 ] S6 }4 c. j4 w
1. Public Speeches
% n/ {+ j) N. F. T% t" w 2. Letters of opposition or support
% w: ~: b0 x Q" d' t 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 l) [* p5 G3 U. i2 ? 4. Signed public statements8 l! p4 s( R2 \4 }# `
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 N; x! r& K4 s4 v0 \ 6. Group or mass petitions
' _- m0 t9 J: w) W9 V" n i
. `- N6 `) V0 a b* J) TCommunications with a Wider Audience, @4 {+ _$ T4 R, r; T) [& Y) i- I
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ G* N# H: c! ^: N7 j* V$ E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
x9 I r5 W {* n8 g1 T 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ W. ~2 c, t" B3 i6 e' `' u9 N
10. Newspapers and journals
# |. K: B ]7 u# Y 11. Records, radio, and television
7 v! |5 U9 ^4 _5 Q# P8 ? 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. h- |& i6 `3 f1 A E+ B
$ M& M. V2 ?% f, v8 M* |( [Group Representations# M: _3 x6 W9 M1 q3 L6 ?7 E
13. Deputations
& b3 |( p) S: a4 r# p, u! O 14. Mock awards
; @5 z8 l* }, |) y2 k 15. Group lobbying0 F) K. i- K A' z) k: _, E
16. Picketing
: U& P" E- r$ T# Y: Y! U0 @' g 17. Mock elections
5 g% L" T" U+ |( [2 {; q5 V, |% j; `/ G8 s7 C9 T3 V; o5 ]
Symbolic Public Acts8 Y" {- d' n( g/ F: j+ X8 ^/ b
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
4 N) G2 x. @' b x* R! }" B7 A0 y 19. Wearing of symbols
& m- t+ T( E8 @& K, G 20. Prayer and worship i& Q! O! z; R+ _1 \) O
21. Delivering symbolic objects
* U& k& R) M$ p* _9 O 22. Protest disrobings9 m8 O2 b9 ~9 ~ v2 [
23. Destruction of own property
# u5 Q! _7 m* K' _* G4 m# ], } 24. Symbolic lights
6 n& w q5 A8 o4 Q8 ` 25. Displays of portraits
0 [) u) W' T" d# Q6 |% r 26. Paint as protest
! \9 l. A/ u* e" I; @ 27. New signs and names
. k/ Q) e. N5 d- _8 G& a7 f 28. Symbolic sounds5 }( k0 I/ S- Q: F& G
29. Symbolic reclamations
- H) X- f8 f: t G, u- K( o/ m 30. Rude gestures3 ]1 d/ [, X1 J# h' F7 a8 B) x8 }* ]
8 }8 |+ M7 g& ?$ g, t3 Z' G& n. ^' vPressures on Individuals
# O1 q8 s1 ^, |, c1 A 31. “Haunting” officials
( \3 P1 I3 P/ c4 h$ ?3 R; r: i/ o 32. Taunting officials
( i1 D; Y( |1 ~1 T1 I: f, y7 u 33. Fraternization
& @; L" H* a7 E: I d 34. Vigils2 J3 ]+ h' X( K& s. s
$ f$ A8 B" C& {9 n$ R+ }5 `5 x" qDrama and Music+ m, H6 X! J3 I6 \* ]
35. Humorous skits and pranks
; H {( E( T# |- q4 W 36. Performances of plays and music, R8 p( Q2 t/ ~- ?; Q9 e2 Q/ d
37. Singing
+ g/ ^! `9 }5 p9 G
1 J' N3 @$ k8 ~+ `6 }9 M+ aProcessions
" l0 E- p# g9 E 38. Marches" f# W, M r" ]
39. Parades0 Z+ B& R4 y& E) S6 b, h, @+ X
40. Religious processions# T6 x: s. j' l* j$ H* c8 b# t
41. Pilgrimages
0 D7 r+ ?( S# t- |( L2 z( e. H: s 42. Motorcades
- M" Z% {+ W9 m# q, Q, U$ v
8 p2 }/ m$ \; \: v2 HHonoring the Dead7 G4 h2 H l) t" s4 u( ^# h1 n- |
43. Political mourning
1 f+ F& D) \% \. [6 q 44. Mock funerals
/ d4 z% Q$ L/ t9 h, E$ a9 C 45. Demonstrative funerals
! [1 Q+ H/ r& h- E/ ^9 _% a 46. Homage at burial places
5 u* J( Y& l+ F6 _) k; _; u
8 t P+ R+ S$ \, R' u* F/ S" KPublic Assemblies
* u* n4 g. b* X! ^& w: V 47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ n/ O* F' F4 Q" ], D5 r 48. Protest meetings
/ k8 z9 G: ?2 u 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 F7 d8 S% G0 y3 ?8 s5 ^
50. Teach-ins$ ^+ h4 ~) z# N: v2 s4 k7 _, a* a
! u. j5 {4 Y" Z
Withdrawal and Renunciation2 s/ S# X1 I$ a- c- n* ?
51. Walk-outs8 _1 w1 K3 n( |. X
52. Silence
& p: F$ g" b+ G 53. Renouncing honors
+ D1 R8 t' h7 r; M- C/ c 54. Turning one’s back
- T6 J, D, w; [# ]
6 g8 N' S4 u. A2 X9 f& h, o7 P- Q
: f! H! D( D9 V: S* I1 G$ n0 M) d
/ `2 ~# z' i8 j) M8 bTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
# Y' U- Y" ^1 l( R5 o6 a0 z1 s9 r/ d$ z9 p6 s. B8 e7 A# C
' p! E! X U; m9 K, s _/ |
- _8 P1 G$ a' b
Ostracism of Persons
$ v* X5 g# e" `4 u 55. Social boycott' w5 H" W3 F. d9 z, E
56. Selective social boycott
: l1 n, X# D& N7 h* @, N 57. Lysistratic nonaction& `% b' c7 G& l c
58. Excommunication
/ V2 g# i7 M! z) O0 v 59. Interdict
5 U+ ?0 w! z& F7 I2 R( X6 B- ]" S) a" x: _, J) n1 I5 l
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; X! o% g0 Z# b. C 60. Suspension of social and sports activities# Z7 n& P( V% u" t, ^& N: u$ h
61. Boycott of social affairs
, C0 s- b" b6 G0 q2 U+ k' W 62. Student strike, m' |$ f2 w; S$ E7 S' j* B
63. Social disobedience
; d4 {1 e2 K6 K/ c; V t 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- i- v: o% E/ P; v% l/ Y" n( S$ h2 x' D# m3 j
Withdrawal from the Social System
2 t# d3 C" m; `8 m% w& e1 d 65. Stay-at-home
7 p: L/ f# R4 s+ w. O4 g 66. Total personal noncooperation
% l" d% g' U2 F 67. “Flight” of workers3 t) R# n+ W0 ]& W; g- P2 O4 V U
68. Sanctuary
! t7 w5 j5 Q. A9 m6 l* F 69. Collective disappearance
1 ]/ R. k% ?1 [& d( M/ t$ S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat) r3 q4 _- q2 g6 }, b
+ i7 D9 y5 o- y6 _. b4 v- H
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
/ ^7 r; M. H2 ?2 X' w! I, b0 [/ o$ w- m& h6 ]: W- x
3 r9 G" O7 i- j$ _Actions by Consumers$ ~8 l, a1 e& C( R: u
71. Consumers’ boycott
) {8 J& [" k$ V; [! a% G 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods! Y9 D. j* f; e/ g% M3 j- M9 B
73. Policy of austerity
& W' m+ L) x/ p, s# [ 74. Rent withholding
- y7 [8 P# c. b3 D 75. Refusal to rent
v2 l9 e- z& w3 j, k/ g 76. National consumers’ boycott
: `4 b' A' q! F1 a- T' Q3 L 77. International consumers’ boycott
% P6 @% V0 A9 \4 S
( f' Q) c7 x9 x; |! IAction by Workers and Producers) G( H" [ g6 Q
78. Workmen’s boycott0 c/ z' E4 E8 e; u7 O$ ?0 j8 N
79. Producers’ boycott
2 _: y' E2 ?% H) v# c2 c6 S* k0 j0 E
Action by Middlemen( [$ ?% w& d& i+ R" y' y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) e# p" N& q! G
! J# b7 t, h6 z( R4 K, ~Action by Owners and Management
0 l6 u& c: P0 r9 ?) Y x 81. Traders’ boycott7 j: v4 ?; T3 p5 h
82. Refusal to let or sell property; `- Y6 I" h5 F( @
83. Lockout
& W$ L: ~) |. s" R6 { 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
K+ y$ @* u9 ?% I" X- ]/ }! K 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
) D. w4 ^$ F9 M" J- O) j* q* A5 @, X9 M z4 A1 y5 D* O
Action by Holders of Financial Resources4 w7 t i& a% g) a& R; j A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 H1 k" X" H) i) \6 J 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 ] g, c9 R4 f 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( P" g' S# G, L3 ]8 p 89. Severance of funds and credit# _8 T: h( u# f0 Q# J3 {1 w/ v
90. Revenue refusal* S0 J& x) U. a9 w9 @* a
91. Refusal of a government’s money% T( H- u4 ^" s' L$ X m0 m& U! R
: q2 s5 U) _8 f$ P/ F& f# CAction by Governments
" l5 _) ~# u) r, P! N- E 92. Domestic embargo/ v5 x! I" o( \5 \* Q5 q( t& _! V, t
93. Blacklisting of traders; e6 E3 ?9 E2 ^2 ]* t& h
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 t2 x @8 E( c% U) S+ }# @ 95. International buyers’ embargo
9 R, Q) f" g# q- H# t 96. International trade embargo& d; Y) L5 p4 a; u% @
9 w3 J4 a; Q" T4 o& c2 u7 G
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8 V+ d0 `6 ~% n& p [
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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7 t% D. g- a# k
6 d5 C" D* u# Z" {. v$ uSymbolic Strikes
$ o, g: _* U5 Y; r 97. Protest strike
& L1 c V% f9 |: v. K) D 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). n$ x! H8 l8 c) Z4 j
, R- J- Q {7 RAgricultural Strikes
( h/ j$ I& z6 C1 a 99. Peasant strike
3 I5 W3 ?, H @' b 100. Farm Workers’ strike# E! A* e. e2 ]1 |# d
! \' A( c" _5 u' Z# R. v
Strikes by Special Groups
( g) w" Z! _- }, N) K/ ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 t% h! I" h$ t8 p; M
102. Prisoners’ strike
4 `8 u f, y; k+ O q% N7 D8 X 103. Craft strike
* P5 a" ^: A/ m7 m 104. Professional strike
5 [& J* Q" F0 c3 r; B7 [" I$ v3 m7 H/ P% r; V% i
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% v' z$ j9 n& `2 l0 V$ w
105. Establishment strike
0 i9 z: _, I. `7 [ A 106. Industry strike) r* R$ i' I" H" }" ]$ q/ D9 m
107. Sympathetic strike$ _$ C3 S9 g( c# K! [( Q
. o1 K4 f0 r$ m# w7 kRestricted Strikes
! w7 o9 P) A8 L4 B3 J( u2 a 108. Detailed strike
$ a8 y" h) ]/ _3 C" U 109. Bumper strike
- f- C: w! k) u3 p 110. Slowdown strike
6 F7 _. m4 {3 Y$ \ 111. Working-to-rule strike
' [* B0 \# A# B7 \; P& i 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ l0 e0 K% ^, i c
113. Strike by resignation& D+ t- l+ n1 K9 F. P$ [* X! I8 s
114. Limited strike
7 N3 F% n8 K' o 115. Selective strike
4 e" {; T; q4 r! {/ T/ [
" i0 c$ P4 r5 o, i/ W; SMulti-Industry Strikes
; P6 q) q9 {, u# P: {6 ^8 k; D7 ^# e. D. I) y4 k, a9 g; ?
116. Generalized strike5 G( I: b! j0 F& t" B
6 ]4 n; M9 O7 C1 P C! {1 |" r% F$ A 117. General strike
0 t: F+ p) z' C; J( q6 L3 J. c2 H: {( Z, Y) T; g* j6 T! u
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures# z( W0 Q e' h! }9 k8 P
* b' k0 {; W2 X 118. Hartal
_+ ~7 O- w1 N. F: l/ {+ ^0 z( S# T i/ j
119. Economic shutdown
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) O+ k4 a1 q0 L# G& }% [ k! R2 mTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 t4 s! ?& B- I3 [1 ~8 j) x7 n7 s2 E/ K" V* P, H; J/ T
! G, n# b6 w1 tRejection of Authority
. ?# f6 T8 X R7 K) N, ~5 w 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 {! N* L4 l5 H
121. Refusal of public support& u1 D- Q) k; \) Q$ @( n r
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
3 Z& j: i9 W& h+ j# y
( w' B9 _& |1 @" q# x( eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 ? i! o1 B( |9 n/ s
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 u, B: c/ ?, g; a+ [# p 124. Boycott of elections. e# A6 m# D8 e7 y3 Z/ N
125. Boycott of government employment and positions e. q- F9 G% _/ |
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 `4 o. r& {# M8 \$ ^( P3 w 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' B2 M1 W, H q! Q/ W; Q" P) p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' ]6 q* g! W F* i* t( d
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 X3 h; U' l+ P; H+ M7 H 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* ?" I% _0 G1 R& _* b4 y& U- l, T8 {
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* O. q6 L: }& R& k8 F
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 @( a! Q) a9 Q, r- D( r5 e
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 a) G! @( [) D, Q2 k& y# K 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( \: I, v$ R' m- L4 x. @3 D5 q4 N
135. Popular nonobedience& \ ^ o+ x T# M* J( s( b: U
136. Disguised disobedience
6 m, n; i+ }* `6 R, x; ?. B/ y6 `: m 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ j: ^, ]3 v ~0 C$ Z 138. Sitdown
& k# |& G& u6 J4 d7 f 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 S! X% c8 T! C9 d2 }$ O8 _ L 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( B! E6 y4 R3 a3 o$ g! M- y4 y y) } 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 A* j- B8 p$ a4 P8 Z
. D$ m: f% A3 j; F5 m1 e1 X
Action by Government Personnel
3 u' I) Y5 r. p x, E4 ^# a 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 B5 R. U0 C& _6 f- t$ y' W) t
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; Z+ L! ]8 P* U; U2 z3 u
144. Stalling and obstruction
/ M4 U- q7 a$ i$ A l 145. General administrative noncooperation
3 e) n* U; `* A" M
C% k- u) I& o, @1 u1 C 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ u! z# ^" w/ U2 E9 }7 q* d4 j 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 X6 v: T: ~3 s8 Q3 _/ [+ T
148. Mutiny
- _. u e% J8 E9 Z8 z M9 {Domestic Governmental Action) Z! n. }( @1 G4 U' y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' t. r9 V! m0 ^/ t& l
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! t1 {) i8 U: Q" p
0 V& p# y# f# vInternational Governmental Action6 L. n6 l5 _7 }5 M$ E- o. I; C
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- l2 ~" q9 ?0 \$ g+ A3 D 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; b; U# ]" k. \: m9 F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 T4 x q9 Q0 e* U( x1 { ]
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 S- Q1 y4 ?+ P z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 h' |. i2 u% `: V! r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies( m7 [: q$ @) L, o- j! c H' W7 a
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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8 s+ J( _2 Y: e- F- oTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention; G% @1 Q' P% e" L: b& z
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 m, H8 _. h4 G& S* c' @9 _) O4 c 159. The fast
, E& j7 P- ]# x, D4 E a) Fast of moral pressure9 D6 v w1 S9 y( x+ b/ }* e" O9 X: |
b) Hunger strike
1 H |7 P, N6 ~" f* I c) Satyagrahic fast9 ]7 h( [' Y. R4 t$ Z
160. Reverse trial* W4 j' Z' a Q* D
161. Nonviolent harassment
* N4 f# U$ c9 X% p2 q1 w) Y% W
. y# h8 N$ Z5 \/ D2 R& J( CPhysical Intervention* B, j: F& X& a2 G$ @. h4 J+ M9 Z
162. Sit-in
9 N( t# X- u3 U6 M& c" e 163. Stand-in
, M" Y1 t9 v7 B6 i 164. Ride-in7 S) r' |$ t# d" q8 R
165. Wade-in% w+ `' O( c; s
166. Mill-in& f/ o, R3 c8 {0 z/ S
167. Pray-in
2 h% j% x4 I$ j- { 168. Nonviolent raids2 `) b0 x& |8 @* V) E
169. Nonviolent air raids
6 S& Y' {% \3 Y! R! ?" g 170. Nonviolent invasion
- G2 G& y" R) G q) U1 c2 V 171. Nonviolent interjection, `$ B- u) M& g
172. Nonviolent obstruction* g" h( R; J/ h' i3 m
173. Nonviolent occupation# U" W, V0 \8 r9 Q+ c
7 y) o( s$ G! O: F
Social Intervention
9 F( N. W3 H$ m% m( P. r 174. Establishing new social patterns
2 J! \; ^" t8 { 175. Overloading of facilities
8 S+ i. N5 u1 |2 `0 r8 {# x 176. Stall-in/ G- F0 h$ T6 q+ j Z
177. Speak-in W; F, ^& S) u! Q
178. Guerrilla theater
, k( a! O; T5 i 179. Alternative social institutions& s5 `, g1 l5 _, j5 z4 C
180. Alternative communication system$ |; t# R! U% s m
' j1 C; E! G. ^/ |Economic Intervention
+ j5 o: V( X7 A+ L I 181. Reverse strike
# \) N* C. C/ M! `6 v. [# U% k 182. Stay-in strike
& k5 W6 ]% c% J2 T6 Y9 ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
; p9 f9 o6 L, W1 o" r2 C 184. Defiance of blockades x7 W3 [8 d6 e) C5 D& E
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- f' c+ ~+ ~0 E! x- T 186. Preclusive purchasing8 K9 @2 t, I [4 o4 L; Z& L0 D# c2 v
187. Seizure of assets
r' p3 i. M" U2 J$ B7 I% C 188. Dumping9 y/ z8 T- ^% ^: }
189. Selective patronage
2 Q1 ?# h" }& s, K7 Q8 C9 e( y- x 190. Alternative markets
+ V' D2 n# a8 w% L4 D b* g8 X: F 191. Alternative transportation systems
3 ^; {# s. T5 s( a 192. Alternative economic institutions' X' q* s$ v+ o9 }; d5 u# L# w s
, n7 q+ u) S4 G" z9 a/ `
Political Intervention! M: g" V! _6 |) ~" e
193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ C# K; h! p& u6 ~$ v 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! Z+ i, v' A, Q/ ~/ r+ W: M; S 195. Seeking imprisonment# }9 \& s. _8 W6 T: K; z B
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 }' d& s2 x: P) P( u
197. Work-on without collaboration
% z' K9 D1 S% l5 p- I% E 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* o- \( n% w/ e* m, v7 b+ U p+ Y7 v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
