 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! u) \! a+ o2 ^( k- L
Formal Statements' z3 G1 N( ]; d* {' s! S
1. Public Speeches4 ~% ^% K7 b3 H* y# U4 [/ \
2. Letters of opposition or support! l8 w' y% X0 |4 M4 D+ J; _6 S
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions }( c% j/ b1 A$ h& e/ i" j
4. Signed public statements
: }9 ]8 t$ N; @& K* a& N/ M: s2 M$ ` 5. Declarations of indictment and intention; t% t% P2 }" C+ I
6. Group or mass petitions9 D1 ~: I$ X( q2 d6 U i1 M, P- ^
5 U3 X- R* e; r+ U6 [9 e; G
Communications with a Wider Audience
' H- l2 Z/ h" @( Z, r7 d+ d5 H 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 T8 _, P- q* |! @* v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' {) f6 E y5 w2 a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ k5 |) b& R; H2 p5 I, Q 10. Newspapers and journals
: G, U/ s- `' k8 R6 @ 11. Records, radio, and television; q! Q' ]- a+ v1 z1 w! @
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! Y" Q) ]( i! y' K+ ?0 }% B* Z6 y2 x
Group Representations
% E* W0 {! H! ^9 i) y 13. Deputations
9 g. T& p1 D+ V# t) t3 u 14. Mock awards
3 h$ u Z8 l3 g2 n6 M% b& j/ N 15. Group lobbying# u2 W- q: e6 R* E( {
16. Picketing
4 y/ `+ G+ [4 i s" D4 h 17. Mock elections4 \) f4 Z! @: R; |5 h
+ _5 S# o$ l7 BSymbolic Public Acts
! {# s& L0 R* E' Y; F) ?- t 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' A% c3 N( k& S4 @" | 19. Wearing of symbols
6 C5 ?; c/ V, u5 [, ^5 s 20. Prayer and worship
" D7 }: ^8 q( z) o% H+ V$ Z) r 21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 j4 r4 r. m& d, }! K 22. Protest disrobings
: ]) f7 ?* O; A% q& c 23. Destruction of own property: J$ s2 ~/ q! H ]6 L) |. F
24. Symbolic lights
4 G: ? z- @( c% [, `% R9 J4 [ N 25. Displays of portraits( x8 g3 V- {$ c' ~0 r2 |
26. Paint as protest; l/ d8 o6 p/ E5 O0 S; I. z0 o
27. New signs and names
: O) T2 O" b6 |9 T& y5 r9 W6 t 28. Symbolic sounds& |8 Q4 J- Q, y( ]* ]) ~% e+ |
29. Symbolic reclamations' }3 T0 {1 S0 a% Z$ o; W; Q
30. Rude gestures
# w8 d# `: Q/ V7 J, \4 |+ w. m" g2 ^# n( D( H( ^, Q3 j
Pressures on Individuals
7 K8 a8 {+ l* p; J4 S 31. “Haunting” officials# H N7 p1 E( _2 j% N
32. Taunting officials
2 X. ]! r C! e 33. Fraternization
( E$ l; z5 S) O. J 34. Vigils
& D9 m: n$ @2 i' S0 i" O* w# q; x: @4 f
Drama and Music. i& ?, B4 c4 a. k
35. Humorous skits and pranks
; {: c" a5 Z7 u- J4 _& n3 A5 h0 C 36. Performances of plays and music3 z5 m& L- n1 ~! S- _- S) \
37. Singing
# `- E. b% @8 Z! D( f; a( r1 u5 E) b. ?( M7 q8 |9 ]" Y
Processions \ {1 y( w" Z) D8 q+ L
38. Marches" [, I7 G/ G3 w) l N8 p
39. Parades
4 W* T# C. O4 ` 40. Religious processions
) X$ z# `1 j0 c+ { 41. Pilgrimages7 \3 Z2 n7 i( q3 a2 }
42. Motorcades
" D" Y4 `, N: ^& f9 x
% a4 w5 |# B) [. _9 h6 g: [" S2 h; sHonoring the Dead! w: y$ m4 g9 @
43. Political mourning
2 c& s6 _, f' z$ `7 y& [ 44. Mock funerals5 A; \: y1 b$ U' N& j- r
45. Demonstrative funerals
$ [* R6 z* ]% E; [ E! b5 n: b- o) A 46. Homage at burial places
6 u; ]4 s ~+ T- r5 `
5 q. v2 C" R6 G: t, _Public Assemblies/ \ [! ?& H! S
47. Assemblies of protest or support8 d" p$ e6 Y! g+ y w/ a; G+ d7 N. K
48. Protest meetings
! X; A) q" d1 v. E/ M c 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, Y" M% E9 M, l. r 50. Teach-ins" `6 I4 V7 [. z) S% y7 q
7 l5 M t2 c6 G8 z$ D1 p9 o* m. K
Withdrawal and Renunciation
5 [( D" Q @5 h2 k7 F8 k/ { 51. Walk-outs; m" J1 L7 z- a2 b4 B+ i
52. Silence- E8 l7 D0 `7 V, \% t9 W" ~
53. Renouncing honors3 a- M% ~: }8 ?, C0 o
54. Turning one’s back( p( A. G; y2 q! I. Z$ {( c
% V5 o2 o) C( Y$ |. j& N7 G5 ^ ' \/ l& s; J2 v5 A
) N( c& u( Z8 u r9 w
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! Q6 n; Y) ]6 F. @" Q% V8 ?3 g( K
, h$ m; A% x) c
8 W/ g, v/ N9 G" H9 P, g: J0 i& `$ R/ r3 x, Y9 v+ {5 N8 s
Ostracism of Persons
; a9 M" D. u, E- U' P2 r' [ 55. Social boycott ]4 Y! K7 z2 K% S
56. Selective social boycott0 \- a: X& k# e+ d" m8 w
57. Lysistratic nonaction
% ]6 [! |. H$ M3 n$ S, s( A: ^ 58. Excommunication* d* h$ \& d7 }7 ^; f' v
59. Interdict
( C3 o( D( ]( j4 f
" W8 K* d9 M, e, ^" xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
. i: ^, \" _4 H% c5 S( D. { 60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 w9 d& ]9 h' I9 R3 L5 ~
61. Boycott of social affairs
! O- Q2 Q9 D9 Y3 h2 f9 i! m. S- B$ R: x 62. Student strike
% x- d7 K" V& Z/ G6 g% d 63. Social disobedience7 w4 D- G) b1 M; U5 y3 O! O I C' U
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- u# ?% p' \$ a6 C7 o7 K& e
. a1 e h! e0 l k+ b4 r) N+ s# EWithdrawal from the Social System1 G0 R4 k) i- L' S6 _
65. Stay-at-home0 S( V; z( W, g, c/ Y: a0 ~
66. Total personal noncooperation; b+ o% f7 A0 h* k' ~% v
67. “Flight” of workers& u4 r6 h! p x$ i9 }
68. Sanctuary* Z' F3 U* W: V* N& d$ @
69. Collective disappearance
6 e9 `1 v i4 f, f2 ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
( B3 c8 v0 t. {& k# P! x% K: C2 L7 N; f! e# F# x* x$ J
/ g" K, g# S- b; }1 b3 Y* B+ Q( [* t1 S/ F/ v4 f+ g8 D( P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
- M- G% S/ O( Q) { z6 Q/ y4 U e& y2 z0 Q( ^) u" d
' ?2 q* W( `4 y
Actions by Consumers
" m- k7 j: v9 Y/ j 71. Consumers’ boycott
% z+ W( r5 ?3 f/ Y- c( C0 I 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) X) N$ O7 R v; s; Z7 o0 k+ F
73. Policy of austerity) ?, d t: L) U9 X# o
74. Rent withholding
" i' P; [% r* ]1 k9 k 75. Refusal to rent) {; A( p4 B+ _" ~/ ]! H c; K, ]
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ p3 O& S! K- _ 77. International consumers’ boycott7 Z3 @2 h/ r' b( h9 c' y
0 R) {1 {1 R& f0 XAction by Workers and Producers
( p- f6 w8 C+ L* [ 78. Workmen’s boycott% u6 C+ g5 M2 G0 O8 \6 {6 i; _" U
79. Producers’ boycott
% H; F$ w& d7 S. u+ J0 _! l8 L: [2 K3 c
Action by Middlemen
$ o* O1 o* V& E0 z" }% y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" m& |4 c, S, v7 V( b# w G, v6 O7 R1 s" X8 f
Action by Owners and Management% K: Q* j: _% m' H! p8 }; L
81. Traders’ boycott) c& n) P9 P' F; q- K
82. Refusal to let or sell property' V$ Z, K v) y5 N
83. Lockout
2 n* X' h+ u( |' n$ |. L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
k/ e; m5 a; E- L 85. Merchants’ “general strike”: \- H* T* X# a/ |& C0 v$ c5 ^* f
^9 R0 C& G: H. K
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 C2 S7 m6 a3 _ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' z7 R* I' r" ?! D' }2 g 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( ]# f- |1 l% J1 D1 d
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* a) Y( n% }; @ W4 e+ Y: K2 O
89. Severance of funds and credit/ R6 b5 `5 K* R5 I6 I% _+ [$ q0 e9 l
90. Revenue refusal
: a" ~; U' c3 @& Y0 y* A 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ s z2 x! a9 a0 [! {/ A6 k; X' V: |$ r9 ]/ S7 T/ {
Action by Governments& I5 i$ j* W) a* C6 W
92. Domestic embargo# E( f& x: U4 \/ t$ U5 b
93. Blacklisting of traders2 c. H5 c+ f5 }& v4 c
94. International sellers’ embargo) B4 t+ N( g+ f( Y( b* m
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ ]8 i/ ~ k! X2 H+ B 96. International trade embargo
' J4 L$ f" f$ s3 H6 W
* J$ C2 @1 j. w [( R# ~ 5 Y: O* G1 G. {6 X8 H1 c5 x
/ s: [9 k+ F+ @2 I' J0 W7 MTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
' ]$ g+ g4 |0 O4 z+ A4 G# \& k+ m3 D% K
& ^$ J. V: V7 F# X7 k6 i5 g; e
Symbolic Strikes
% {/ I8 J3 _+ s* d* j. q, T 97. Protest strike; @# `9 g& ^# ]
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; g8 s& N) ^% ?! V4 j* ~# K+ ]) y2 g. J& X P8 j2 I, _6 ]& q2 M( @8 a
Agricultural Strikes# j6 o" Z5 D/ h% @6 _
99. Peasant strike* V! @7 p% g% K* ]4 Q0 [% R! |+ g
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 v* J; j8 o4 s& H/ a2 _
" }. ]$ m6 d E6 ]
Strikes by Special Groups9 z$ A7 ]) K& ?, ^
101. Refusal of impressed labor. u: o) k( k0 f
102. Prisoners’ strike4 D# P( U. d$ B( k. L
103. Craft strike
$ o& l7 D. ~" n6 B4 l7 I- Q; J; I 104. Professional strike
) O$ a( t! U C( E8 e7 s$ H0 J8 j) X+ k
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ K {- n/ a) K7 g5 [ z# b7 m
105. Establishment strike! d2 i. S$ i a# ^3 n1 E; R) a
106. Industry strike3 v, q6 @, F1 `4 }& b) d
107. Sympathetic strike/ Z4 u j& I$ z& Q% ]7 O8 D
, |- K7 ]0 e7 p: D: K
Restricted Strikes
% e* l1 |- Z8 V5 k8 M 108. Detailed strike
9 M( w( H! E7 O. X7 s 109. Bumper strike
+ C1 `6 M, n! [1 o+ F \ 110. Slowdown strike8 H5 ?. E; v8 f- r
111. Working-to-rule strike4 b B9 o* y5 l. Z3 Y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 V6 d7 s6 ^5 v I/ ^. a3 e. p 113. Strike by resignation
1 }5 h. d9 O- l; v' O( s 114. Limited strike
6 k6 v# e* g$ L6 Y% _! ` 115. Selective strike
6 C" n$ B' [6 l7 N& ~3 ~0 R0 N" n9 w4 E. r" ~
Multi-Industry Strikes
4 }* W/ P4 p+ r4 u5 ? l8 U: p7 Y, ?
% Z+ L& D; T0 M5 n, [5 @ 116. Generalized strike
4 W# O8 L W6 P t& ?5 l9 l2 c
# u2 r( @/ k. z7 L! p. U* M0 Q 117. General strike
, N2 o% I$ Q. e1 q7 L7 B& S3 u2 B
0 S% T, k5 Y& u H9 S& \7 DCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 o9 O: F2 i$ ~) q7 t' Q) P, o
6 i0 g- K7 ^+ W8 k* X! l- @ 118. Hartal
! C. W. e9 K# y/ }/ Z! K7 E2 ^6 ]4 ~8 q: g
119. Economic shutdown1 {, x3 P7 t, d3 r9 M
: e, {( _ {0 c$ V' R/ Y0 s
( ^# G7 k) `- h# ]" l+ L6 L- u* G d; z( q7 v( J7 B
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: [, Q3 t$ P/ e$ L
: r# ?* j. ~. P/ o/ G) y' C+ A / B. H* m, ^- _/ y# U: v* D4 E% E
Rejection of Authority
* O( O" D" |& ?0 F/ c 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 P( W' q! v' q- f
121. Refusal of public support
( ]/ T x. a( B1 P' }) @. q$ O 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 u7 k+ Z# I4 ?" X/ p
) F6 r, ?% k8 P" j
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ s/ @/ B6 l' M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& b5 i) t2 o: E$ E, G9 H B( T' {2 F7 y. i
124. Boycott of elections% w1 B, N9 s' L
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 u( C$ T6 M: G: i# P7 K. }" F 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 [ g" b5 W# l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 X- W& r1 A+ U E
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( }/ j8 a9 X; n/ o6 p2 D
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ [7 O, [: o" Z/ S, g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ H. {4 F1 f0 D2 [0 N' q6 ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ K, c3 _+ b8 f- T+ \+ g7 W# x 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, p% b* v& n9 z n# s* n; @" u4 H! e4 M0 `: u2 w. s2 C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, e) A. H- |4 A' l4 u1 h
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
3 [3 m! q/ f y( _ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& U6 h/ f# M# ~; x
135. Popular nonobedience: @/ Z- H! j6 g l% N
136. Disguised disobedience
. t7 Z ^- U: B( q5 m 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) {, \3 C( X% n% `8 n 138. Sitdown
1 \5 C0 i5 d/ f$ D# n5 T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* c* v% D3 b2 x
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ [9 F, D% ^% I( c1 S, \
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ N$ o2 ~3 n1 N# {# ] U5 n# x7 k/ _$ o. X2 h
Action by Government Personnel4 _- `( O# I. ]! H* Q! u, N( ?
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides& h- m: R4 s# q- ~" r! d
143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 J2 ^1 P5 I1 n' s
144. Stalling and obstruction
$ g/ w4 m; k. s$ d B4 P4 u. {0 M/ ` 145. General administrative noncooperation- l1 T# g) Z* O: r2 j
1 B- r, `% k* i z5 U+ M
146. Judicial noncooperation
: K$ `/ R* r$ {& V 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- Q3 R3 _% V3 k& m. Z3 C
148. Mutiny
t! F: p1 R6 g% q+ DDomestic Governmental Action# {3 L; |( ]- K( u' N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, H" L: M" {6 t! X4 i" T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# J, m& J( J( @- }% s4 c, f/ [! }
4 P# ` D8 B* N/ z& tInternational Governmental Action5 O8 _3 J' M/ \" K( }3 V
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* @ X# u- k3 h3 M8 w
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% b. B* X% c/ j2 @8 x
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* E9 _0 @. }9 } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: S: L* ~( v1 z- T% D$ V 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 c% }! V+ H4 O0 [) | 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) {7 {, ]- \( I7 m3 `( s 157. Expulsion from international organizations
5 w0 D# z: Q! |& Y& l3 a
& p c: X4 [) |; O7 X
# G; d/ o2 F/ v" i" J0 S/ S
$ W, R, i: h% I( z# @THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; [ ^9 _" C: I: I) k+ o% ~) s# ?2 S6 @+ e2 }2 Q( i. k5 G! ?# K5 h
* n5 Q0 ~# u3 h4 S$ r+ G" M
Psychological Intervention
, U& w& `0 m, i( ?# y4 g9 ~0 v 158. Self-exposure to the elements
- n z' b8 m( P7 G$ n! x" V5 T 159. The fast
& \" m; R i$ n& Q" b' \ a) Fast of moral pressure
, b8 f" W9 {" Q. b) ^5 o! } b) Hunger strike
, X( ? ]9 |4 G# c$ Z! |- [& \ c) Satyagrahic fast
: U6 v: l7 H, ~" ] 160. Reverse trial. y6 O- `) B, s f. o4 v
161. Nonviolent harassment. b9 e4 r7 N- f, z9 y& }5 B
$ y- M5 p* Y. L$ n. Q7 V
Physical Intervention
; l& P" K5 W& C2 \ 162. Sit-in- x1 i+ u, v+ d; ]4 z
163. Stand-in+ _. U% H2 O1 U* D% @# ^% h
164. Ride-in
4 M$ F# K' y1 F) @# ^ 165. Wade-in
1 k3 g! @5 S1 j0 _* R0 O 166. Mill-in
; y' Y0 b: H, l) \- _. @ 167. Pray-in! ?" {& H3 l' F: j: n
168. Nonviolent raids1 }7 h+ J9 b8 u* R% P9 N" j
169. Nonviolent air raids
, c+ X( {, o1 T1 R8 P' n 170. Nonviolent invasion3 b' W9 p5 Z' Y3 E% e3 x
171. Nonviolent interjection! z6 a4 G6 j- t) B7 N. A. `
172. Nonviolent obstruction" d) |* [9 l! W) L' M
173. Nonviolent occupation
4 G3 Z4 K4 q0 {* d9 ]6 S9 {' G2 f9 T7 S: d: M
Social Intervention3 s4 K0 I3 Z% e2 W4 O
174. Establishing new social patterns5 v' v3 W" `4 M; L1 j$ [6 H
175. Overloading of facilities
. ?! l/ m1 w u. U) n 176. Stall-in
, ~% @# f; D2 k+ c9 R; v 177. Speak-in6 l$ h9 ~: m! ~3 _( s' A
178. Guerrilla theater2 n' N) g$ L2 R8 F! V
179. Alternative social institutions
2 s- A& G4 R4 {4 N 180. Alternative communication system
$ q8 t- d/ P2 l
2 Q4 e7 |( w+ V& X& K. d! EEconomic Intervention# g, @2 C% d8 s0 z
181. Reverse strike
8 M6 Y/ ~5 P5 |4 p C- _+ @ 182. Stay-in strike- I. b& K; V+ O; E& O, k
183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ C/ r# X3 `; U 184. Defiance of blockades4 R7 c! L* {5 B9 Q/ e
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% i3 S) ?' w/ R) @9 i2 o) [
186. Preclusive purchasing* u9 ]. v" A7 f g+ w6 {' a
187. Seizure of assets9 {: b6 I) A& ~# g4 }8 O
188. Dumping
3 n/ j- T0 K$ f+ E 189. Selective patronage
. Q8 s; I% C6 ] 190. Alternative markets4 N! }' u% {# Y8 D# k6 j
191. Alternative transportation systems8 d; }5 M( a/ Y( r4 u( e
192. Alternative economic institutions2 [3 E/ S. H; _7 L7 E
" S) Y. F; T0 n
Political Intervention2 v0 J# X% a5 g& Q* T
193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ a4 c: b* V1 s6 W; S 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; J0 D4 q7 |& {2 Y: N, Y
195. Seeking imprisonment
4 T0 u5 k" i* d1 p8 ^/ J& A* P 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' n9 p( y/ u0 n# |0 P
197. Work-on without collaboration( e' {1 Z$ h! w: h! s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 B% ?& J8 L* J+ k$ ]* o0 G" _
' N4 W: {" @ u' I. n" X7 n/ G |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
