 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" Z. ?0 g5 B+ _5 i9 z
Formal Statements" b+ k) {% c, W8 K+ Y
1. Public Speeches5 p& ~1 [/ t3 G# }& X* H
2. Letters of opposition or support
& F" M1 v8 z9 d% ` 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ t8 W1 {0 e# N& R' X& V7 |" x 4. Signed public statements3 U' W! v. Y( p) a3 O
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! G( t/ q. }5 c# o" } 6. Group or mass petitions
) }4 f% M X: |5 {' q% T- p$ ^0 \# T4 k) r
Communications with a Wider Audience1 Y* |, K4 i8 } G4 q# n8 P2 F
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ h: l) m9 J$ ?
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 I% _( m$ ?" s. j: m- l5 z) |
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ T7 t4 d! y1 d, W3 H
10. Newspapers and journals
9 c. r3 a3 A) L 11. Records, radio, and television
! N' a+ _, z! Y7 B0 |# k! e# o; J 12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 ~5 ?' O/ ?2 M5 C! H' }$ c& ~
" D& l c' z {# U5 w) G4 t! O; o! P; GGroup Representations
& X* l. x2 e f4 i' T$ q1 ` 13. Deputations
7 E Z2 Y# o& b& I 14. Mock awards
9 z3 k: x% s* a5 T; X( i 15. Group lobbying* {* \. l+ L. q/ P& P
16. Picketing% W5 o8 {# k2 b! g3 K0 s: O# s
17. Mock elections
* \) u/ L( }# h2 k" R6 v5 p. |, }* E2 {4 V9 i
Symbolic Public Acts7 ]; o0 p- f( ]" B, Y3 S$ |
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# n& c# q4 i1 `- p
19. Wearing of symbols
6 `% p* Y1 D& R" t' Z2 y% v 20. Prayer and worship
8 s6 H& B9 ]' L1 O4 I9 w3 i 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. @1 T! \4 s7 x" ?- u# E, n6 \4 z; @ 22. Protest disrobings) X8 y0 g7 ^* C
23. Destruction of own property& @' o) Y5 T: B$ k- ?/ p A
24. Symbolic lights: z- G0 C) Z) ^% Q) H+ R v
25. Displays of portraits z0 V9 f; d5 _- J }7 p$ ^
26. Paint as protest
* r5 g/ t5 l+ t* p7 J; |9 ~ 27. New signs and names
7 r6 k% h% d6 G I5 O2 p 28. Symbolic sounds$ Z$ H' d/ U' e4 |9 W
29. Symbolic reclamations* u& a) |6 w' G- l8 |9 ~
30. Rude gestures) }* B# B$ z4 r$ `
$ U o$ H! E1 h4 ^& P* ?
Pressures on Individuals* I: L6 N8 b* d0 B# w
31. “Haunting” officials9 K" S$ i/ Z) Y" i. e
32. Taunting officials
/ e6 q& t! {7 g# P5 ? 33. Fraternization- C5 ]# w) f a7 M: T" P' a
34. Vigils7 u! A. x% @7 N2 _$ s" Y2 u7 T
: b6 @ f- G' E$ K& w
Drama and Music @/ _$ `7 e/ H0 i5 ?* I& A- E
35. Humorous skits and pranks" Z/ | T, j- Q8 U8 N% n- z( h
36. Performances of plays and music
6 J, i7 U4 y1 X, a 37. Singing' P7 s: ~6 _# ^8 T! n' R6 N! F5 g+ @
" |, h4 b* \* p1 J# t3 z. ~Processions+ Z. \ u% P f. G( p
38. Marches' X" t% Q! W, O) h
39. Parades
" Q0 o5 p$ Y& t) e- K" O \ 40. Religious processions
( ]4 h2 R. B, D; g$ A- u$ A6 g# A 41. Pilgrimages8 z5 Q3 w4 e1 [& y! x
42. Motorcades
- r/ Q& F" R* ?. f7 z* [7 {
) ~: f2 @+ n% n1 L( b2 d1 _ jHonoring the Dead
2 ^; V' I- W* Z# d: r 43. Political mourning
' c+ i7 r5 u. a. Y 44. Mock funerals
9 P/ i ]; D. g& ^0 }, G9 B 45. Demonstrative funerals6 c6 v6 W, S( n7 y
46. Homage at burial places
q# @5 Y$ h+ s, i
- h e+ d1 a4 f- bPublic Assemblies0 B2 a) p N; [3 R$ h/ l8 Y
47. Assemblies of protest or support5 ?& w3 W# J0 R. I
48. Protest meetings
, W8 q/ f6 J- v' d' C( n 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 J m5 G8 d- r5 o1 {2 L. S
50. Teach-ins
: P, p5 N' C. O' ?' M$ ?0 Z+ V6 ~# I1 P6 M0 V% Q" O) ^
Withdrawal and Renunciation @4 ]% S, I: a. o( z# h3 _
51. Walk-outs4 U l' R$ N9 a8 t% G4 s* h
52. Silence
& h# q$ |3 }6 w8 N' ` 53. Renouncing honors
# u0 `, Z9 C, \/ H 54. Turning one’s back
. n0 j5 J4 J3 t
2 X+ `% ^7 v3 b
( m( B8 V3 {. M2 F3 ?# B- t; }
0 J9 S$ W; ^3 Z* {* n mTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. @( B% K0 Q# ]5 F5 o' |
+ u) W1 ]2 [. [$ ^0 X
) G/ v1 Y: d) D3 W8 u! A
1 o- S* N" X3 d3 Z+ gOstracism of Persons% g. l1 S, a# }6 ^, `& @: o' V
55. Social boycott
; ~3 F/ E( [+ ]" r7 [3 } 56. Selective social boycott% Z2 C9 N# H, ` c: G* s
57. Lysistratic nonaction3 R+ k4 }) ?+ J( G: r( A) l1 Q7 d: M
58. Excommunication' }, X5 P4 |5 Q) S) C
59. Interdict
& i: s+ j3 k% x& c+ G( X T3 r0 f0 V Z: C, K3 W
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; i. E. ~. |; Y) q" u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 b4 p& v) g x+ c2 f- y 61. Boycott of social affairs
- }& _! ?( o0 q0 X$ A 62. Student strike7 b1 J0 R. a+ f& w
63. Social disobedience
0 P' e3 d' x3 m! k1 X2 T5 ]# y" b3 K 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& E" Z4 s8 ]4 T; @
' `4 }% l% R" A( V9 r+ H5 D0 B: eWithdrawal from the Social System
; [& S7 n: O$ Z! @( b 65. Stay-at-home [7 ^7 o/ ?7 u ? i
66. Total personal noncooperation y; N3 C) V" t" N% Z( } r- Y7 K
67. “Flight” of workers" v5 U. e( V3 M6 w
68. Sanctuary/ k! }+ E( ?3 t/ e+ D
69. Collective disappearance
4 ~" Y" `7 c; D0 G( V1 t 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): P% x1 f1 Q( [" d- Z" W
1 u7 ?5 Y6 S0 B4 n. [$ x) d
: p% R( e/ \/ S5 a4 q
+ ?$ I/ l" I5 @6 ~( [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ X, _- `" o: s7 l, I4 t
* M! y% H8 v/ a( D( A& p
* r) h4 t2 q* NActions by Consumers
" a0 J2 C# d8 G6 }9 ~4 _ 71. Consumers’ boycott
$ y3 a6 E0 [! b4 p 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- e* O! g8 ~3 e) Y5 R$ h 73. Policy of austerity
+ Q: o: R8 G" m9 g9 G/ k6 `0 | 74. Rent withholding8 J7 @( t5 J1 b3 ~) u& j- p
75. Refusal to rent- T; }# ~6 G1 p! H! w5 C
76. National consumers’ boycott. k4 T) h7 \0 U+ Q+ w# k' L7 p
77. International consumers’ boycott, P5 b7 m/ ^% Y' p( J7 u
; Z9 U" g* ^2 p6 ? W. K
Action by Workers and Producers
. U, N8 u2 l2 J4 H 78. Workmen’s boycott
6 ?3 }) z) q, L; C, n# V: [ A 79. Producers’ boycott
! e4 ~4 ^+ X7 Q; _" O4 `. h {+ h! M
Action by Middlemen
0 J0 A0 J6 R3 Q: k# N 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# b2 E. m7 c: E0 Q; F! C! K$ \
" k' m" ?+ _& V4 o( G+ nAction by Owners and Management
" ~- K. ]# y8 j 81. Traders’ boycott5 }4 [3 c9 F f' {6 D
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 ?: Y$ F+ ^; \! z* e3 u7 F 83. Lockout2 B! D" }. `! w. U; W. E0 y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, }% Y9 R/ c* b. K- e2 F' ~: h0 N 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( z: t8 r) z) w, f7 C; i ^, W: t# f B" |0 G3 F
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& P) F4 j# Z- n) u) Q9 B
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( Y; B0 F7 g% O( E/ H, E2 ~' [
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; M" q9 V$ C" Z# ?" g" ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 M. b Q0 J# X7 {* ? t 89. Severance of funds and credit* D) z4 ^7 q: X3 c/ U
90. Revenue refusal" d; c& Q" \0 ]) Z# F' q
91. Refusal of a government’s money3 o; p7 v& X' E- r: D1 t( S
3 c, b. T1 i7 Z8 C- J9 uAction by Governments& x8 r7 { ^& M$ Q# Q% O, Q7 j, O
92. Domestic embargo" B) ?" s3 M$ c: o5 {$ ?
93. Blacklisting of traders
l3 t- P% V/ R+ G2 I& V 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ M. a3 U* [' M 95. International buyers’ embargo! w, O8 ]$ p9 z+ b
96. International trade embargo
" J" f |8 z' P+ n
3 N/ g3 |/ n9 m; ~# [2 x% h 5 f: Y/ `1 N( e
0 I2 t/ f: `4 a* HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! \! {/ u$ E: Q( t) ~# l( ]" U
1 S$ f8 r% h4 R" d/ J3 n1 ~ ( M0 U; k. p! |1 L5 z( L" Y
Symbolic Strikes3 j, P# @: l1 x' X7 P
97. Protest strike
& @# e9 y; N% G5 B7 l3 O 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 I! G7 O' ?: q
7 O! m6 O6 v' YAgricultural Strikes
) j& ]5 w; _) |5 W" Q$ l* W 99. Peasant strike' l+ l7 q* x y
100. Farm Workers’ strike4 v/ p/ `5 Q0 S- s( r
: j0 M& ^. C' |$ {Strikes by Special Groups* U1 k' C# y, u7 O
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ m k- Z- P' I8 ?$ @/ u1 U3 R 102. Prisoners’ strike
( M _- z( w+ e. M! C 103. Craft strike/ U) x% ~2 d4 ^! i0 m
104. Professional strike
1 n$ @- y6 u$ S! X$ k8 d" J9 G. j: J$ g3 n# I
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
# d" N- y) X. H+ ^ 105. Establishment strike# \7 O. y6 ~. v5 l: F1 ^
106. Industry strike7 A0 b' k2 X) _3 d, N4 j" z& {
107. Sympathetic strike4 T; D1 `1 n6 I3 g2 J& {& X
2 K% S0 u5 [7 P( |; B3 y
Restricted Strikes7 x/ ^, ]& d! d2 V6 q' w
108. Detailed strike' W! x( R* s/ P; S0 F
109. Bumper strike# a1 D% a& _8 E6 Q" F
110. Slowdown strike5 ]7 P; r0 G1 N K. ?7 o1 e: O
111. Working-to-rule strike
W8 `6 e; P/ R 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- \- w# L# i0 B. ]+ b1 y 113. Strike by resignation% z, v# A: Z; n' W. k4 {& `
114. Limited strike+ F' H4 l; U, k
115. Selective strike
# z `) B- E6 ]6 e0 p" J7 o! T% h; W" P
Multi-Industry Strikes
- V; |" K/ E: o/ G6 {
& p" U3 G: D R' y& I3 w! t 116. Generalized strike
) Q0 Y Y2 [+ D4 R1 ^3 b6 N/ a) z5 X9 q0 U2 }( x) u* R9 w0 ~) H0 o* a) j
117. General strike
$ G, L- c( u' d7 J9 U4 d
3 e- N8 h- Y2 ]- I7 i7 G5 F3 O, V5 O) G0 uCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
0 a: v; R: i3 p3 |* O+ M) K5 m' C0 k0 `0 G! F9 ?- j! F/ J
118. Hartal
' g" {" u- E7 ?6 R; o- R* [9 |
0 i1 T2 w; H c: ?' L5 I: T3 _ 119. Economic shutdown; K! k4 M6 p" @* c7 \
! F, u, J0 g6 L! K1 Q$ [
" a( E. R' R/ [0 S
9 }, O: v9 S$ V KTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
% @7 _5 A+ e" F3 Q8 ]# {1 c$ |% J; u3 m; X& ]# r% f6 u9 M1 B- P
3 `1 a8 h7 r% \5 H4 oRejection of Authority t: ~3 j& d3 C, Q9 E* H! k0 ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ v! J [( B* S) @! n3 `
121. Refusal of public support+ K# A! G, \$ Q/ V
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 @4 \ ^2 j8 O6 Y, k6 U9 K% h8 ^& N+ O
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 Q& b& W T3 b. s# y: `4 j 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" e5 H( Q. i2 k; e 124. Boycott of elections# o- g( H% E* y. Y f9 |( d" w
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# u' R. {) B/ j4 F 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 N- ^3 W4 F7 N' R7 X! w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 l# w! Q' n; x4 r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' `: ^3 Z0 B# T# o0 v 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 R8 k' c( k7 N* J
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* a& S5 B7 V# W5 ^0 B; G/ ^# k 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 j3 T2 ^) A' X$ }4 h. x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 ]$ i+ W6 @ r S6 y1 ` O- V. v
1 j, W6 L, S2 Y f5 vCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! Z6 }4 F! b) m. b9 A
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
! g) m1 @8 c1 \; {& X1 e0 L 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 `" k5 b9 f+ R" M- I6 c( N. N 135. Popular nonobedience& r2 V1 N' ^+ I! w- I+ o& y0 \0 a
136. Disguised disobedience/ i- V1 T" j$ b v$ w! p$ N9 f" e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 V. k g1 p! }3 S M
138. Sitdown6 T/ b1 [, |9 q* P
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 K0 H; b* b8 b. T! o; w( [ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 A F' O* O, g 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; F- c, s7 a2 L! `% j
7 }% U% h- q Q0 X( T9 M/ Q: j; IAction by Government Personnel
& ?+ e7 g* o+ v5 I4 d 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- t& t) N: V* \5 b; w
143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 j5 c# L1 p2 Y% {
144. Stalling and obstruction9 ^/ `8 l1 Q1 e5 D3 _: ?$ m! v
145. General administrative noncooperation- I/ T" b$ \4 c8 e/ G) E! _9 o
0 N- c3 x, d: W7 h& T
146. Judicial noncooperation7 y' h" N7 a' N w
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 ]' o+ T& C# s 148. Mutiny) ]" K G$ g0 ]# F
Domestic Governmental Action
( M, [9 @- @# j6 ]& R8 ?/ M) y6 b 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" s* q2 I9 x, H" f( } 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! N6 E0 S0 y, a6 v
8 N+ D6 P! v# D3 z
International Governmental Action
5 |' G7 T. P. u6 H 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- t7 S1 c# n% n, Q3 v3 f. P) l
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
3 R. K# y6 e; i8 B, o& a5 ?2 o 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! S* P* b; U, R3 k- e: S 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' G' t7 N& A+ ?. z1 `3 N$ w% r) s( ? 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 o" V0 x3 g0 Y0 ^) _
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ U8 Y; F4 t3 r/ G1 w
157. Expulsion from international organizations
' ~+ s7 o& L! ?* \0 m' p' T$ W5 b
. q, X. E" b# o& E3 I: `/ H) M9 k% i5 c: p5 ]: J4 }
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, b! d# _) G, l: E* [8 ~: O
0 N% H- L1 {/ M
6 Y) G* M& c& `' S
Psychological Intervention0 D+ D2 q9 y) P/ L
158. Self-exposure to the elements
, c9 m7 {" n; }5 S4 E! ^$ O4 P 159. The fast9 e& Y0 {' j4 _3 Y( i
a) Fast of moral pressure3 ^8 X. ]0 e! f3 q; o6 [. ?' N
b) Hunger strike( `& e2 T- S9 i
c) Satyagrahic fast5 x9 d; T: M% j6 \: Y8 a3 | N+ d
160. Reverse trial% y2 V) U9 _1 L0 B( T* G/ Y$ f1 L
161. Nonviolent harassment4 ^1 ~# n" w* s$ l. g- }3 c; S
8 j' C u7 A0 L2 Q; z0 k, O3 fPhysical Intervention
0 I1 A5 s5 V" D/ u/ f 162. Sit-in5 x w; \; V3 u% s) e6 ~& J
163. Stand-in
1 {7 J+ |, `) m+ p" n& Y9 _% i6 z- v 164. Ride-in/ M/ R- s) @/ i- \* ^
165. Wade-in3 A- d! @, n' ~+ g0 A& Z7 K; C6 m
166. Mill-in/ W. _4 h4 \/ o' y: M
167. Pray-in8 s! I. b5 d, A$ K
168. Nonviolent raids2 A' O1 h+ k/ Z7 |
169. Nonviolent air raids( @% t: H! d2 O- |6 B2 \% r
170. Nonviolent invasion
- a* i6 g3 a7 y3 W 171. Nonviolent interjection
# |8 d* I- u/ w! M: G! Y4 M) ]6 i 172. Nonviolent obstruction
; e9 |$ p* q2 B9 t 173. Nonviolent occupation# P% O& S: M0 m; z
# N0 z0 L" M" K8 \
Social Intervention
5 a% `6 i3 | S( K& l5 s' O0 m 174. Establishing new social patterns
' f. H {8 h. P, g( k+ i 175. Overloading of facilities+ {5 U( a" T6 [' J3 a) x
176. Stall-in6 P* j' w; r9 H# W9 ~9 p
177. Speak-in1 @: M" @. K: b1 J3 E3 @7 ]$ [$ D
178. Guerrilla theater
8 o% ?% q) ?- J9 n; \, O 179. Alternative social institutions# k. G7 h8 S( N( l7 A
180. Alternative communication system
- p/ @- \$ i7 `7 z4 A* \, F% j
\. F1 G% X, s9 P1 Z! JEconomic Intervention
; ], C3 v( f: y: @/ a 181. Reverse strike
. r7 h. S, ^, k% c9 | 182. Stay-in strike
: }- b6 ]/ V2 e( ] 183. Nonviolent land seizure7 s( ]" U! K* I d
184. Defiance of blockades
! O. l5 Y% w N& e, M7 H7 _( s 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ D) ^! m6 s4 j. ^$ ^: j. Z 186. Preclusive purchasing3 j- }; P1 Y# o1 r. y& D
187. Seizure of assets
& x# Q$ {/ ]) `# z 188. Dumping0 P! N- V. A9 ^% V" a
189. Selective patronage9 N7 H) x. H# y. @9 y" S' \
190. Alternative markets4 c6 C% w; I) ]4 @
191. Alternative transportation systems
: V- g+ Y( M7 p2 p 192. Alternative economic institutions
- u* Y& D p0 c+ m
2 f6 d/ z8 l) T Q) X& pPolitical Intervention
( M9 q1 ~: b/ i- v. B/ W0 {" S) n 193. Overloading of administrative systems
, a0 i% B9 U) Z/ H 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ [( B7 |2 Y9 h0 v$ B, P/ d, [
195. Seeking imprisonment b* r% t- i" F; R) t+ h5 N8 i( b
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 C- K& U, b2 Y/ ^
197. Work-on without collaboration H; j% k/ F( G. C ]* A: g
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
0 g5 Q1 F p1 {4 w, [! [0 ]' _* M- B" `$ u$ j6 ?" ~
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
