 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ |# T# {8 e8 y4 I$ _- f
Formal Statements
$ M7 R, z( q4 {- r: s 1. Public Speeches
1 [* r7 g/ q! I* k2 V4 g, J& ~( t 2. Letters of opposition or support
1 C& `6 _- @8 P( q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ w+ [0 s* E5 l: y 4. Signed public statements
* `6 S% i- i$ l2 f v! j* Y) u- @8 G 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& q4 b; ]8 v$ z O4 C9 r& j+ S- ^; o/ x 6. Group or mass petitions
; Y' G+ o, z7 r+ O* \
' e0 e& c! }) K; C' aCommunications with a Wider Audience! Q/ b) w% v. s+ E4 [: s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* e4 i1 r, k# P) y/ J* G 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 a6 P- z: f+ k/ ~1 a% {% }0 H0 k
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 J+ }8 o" g& D5 f5 L
10. Newspapers and journals
4 K2 V7 ]# n3 e% m1 H5 L7 i 11. Records, radio, and television
: _) j. e% D. H. ^6 M& ?% c9 i 12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 J: @, K3 z7 V/ `, {7 d# P# Q; O
" _1 c. R! `' r" K# Q( {
Group Representations
4 n6 G% @! \0 ^/ ~8 n 13. Deputations7 S& L+ L0 r4 | h9 F; @3 S
14. Mock awards
# H8 V6 e5 c5 t 15. Group lobbying! v$ l# I* n8 z9 z7 P
16. Picketing# q% U8 Z5 d1 Q [
17. Mock elections
5 d5 P& B" X6 i# }# s* A( [
" N" [$ q& q. H: VSymbolic Public Acts
) o# _7 o# }5 H' B2 f. j: I( Z ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 \6 i6 }! Y- S; h! P 19. Wearing of symbols
' }2 ^# D4 ^7 s. ]; q 20. Prayer and worship
/ Z6 O, _( c% d: Z 21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 ^+ F! ?) q4 e 22. Protest disrobings
+ W/ L* F8 I2 n6 e- t# W B0 C 23. Destruction of own property
1 \% ~4 t( B8 a. C& F( J1 h- u3 x j 24. Symbolic lights' l, F7 D6 i D+ V: o
25. Displays of portraits/ j- |4 V+ q( k
26. Paint as protest
, Y. u# T, V+ _! S 27. New signs and names
- q4 f# b* k Q- D9 r 28. Symbolic sounds. s7 ]7 @- n9 P h5 N: U' t. G, E
29. Symbolic reclamations
! @& x* m) f" o* i' l; S) ~( X 30. Rude gestures
) F, p* d4 W0 W
% ~ W/ W/ T' IPressures on Individuals( U3 e+ [; ]9 D# C$ R( D: I
31. “Haunting” officials4 Y8 B/ a( @! S% v7 W2 X
32. Taunting officials& }, Z% b3 I s; _. |7 A
33. Fraternization
! K0 ]' ~" j0 f. j; t 34. Vigils, l; h7 U- Z: [+ a4 e* L0 f- R# s
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Drama and Music" a, G' n" m! C0 ]9 ]! }
35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 F* c8 F) l: ?( e8 }- Q 36. Performances of plays and music
! m0 ?: i6 T: W% w 37. Singing
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Processions* _$ s) S/ `3 `, u" S$ X7 u, S% N$ Q
38. Marches
$ L j' r9 ] c8 ? 39. Parades
* }, |( k! O/ I& T7 U8 ? 40. Religious processions! A5 Y! n9 G4 d: r# Y1 i: s. R) u7 G
41. Pilgrimages, o* L8 w$ {0 \8 W. p0 l1 W
42. Motorcades2 x' c2 }" k0 K" x2 u
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Honoring the Dead3 ~0 r3 |( @; s
43. Political mourning# _0 P2 J0 P2 r+ J8 Q
44. Mock funerals
0 j4 B, \. J' R4 c3 D4 z2 d 45. Demonstrative funerals
+ U2 I! J" s" \$ d3 D' y* r- N0 G Q0 d 46. Homage at burial places
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! z' j% T- R/ \$ `( y* m, e3 _6 m8 wPublic Assemblies
3 p# Z7 Z: j# s 47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 `" w G! d2 R n 48. Protest meetings
) |5 f9 _. q- b, v 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* e" r2 P: z! d- z
50. Teach-ins
6 }4 l8 `0 o, E/ H; ` B4 U8 ~/ r+ ?) g
Withdrawal and Renunciation# R( L; {6 f( Y3 E- O+ J6 l" t5 D
51. Walk-outs
: b; `% X. s, ^ 52. Silence- U) ?: c/ c# k8 I2 [
53. Renouncing honors
3 K ?" n! }& F$ i( X& P 54. Turning one’s back: K4 I6 f4 d& M
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: [2 j6 c1 L. @" K2 }THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. o- D# z; s8 c2 G( R
6 M& Z2 ] N, |" Q1 _ 5 M& g/ I& J8 ^2 l+ e. S
! }7 f0 U: F# y7 ^7 S# tOstracism of Persons0 P% d _' H4 S
55. Social boycott# `+ }6 J* t A+ @8 H
56. Selective social boycott
. B" B! c( c, ~/ G 57. Lysistratic nonaction! Q, t) U( H9 R. V
58. Excommunication$ i8 f/ S. h: T7 t6 g; s8 d: O2 o
59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. X+ ]! W1 B8 i+ n6 K* r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities: O- r( ] S" n, R. U8 s9 [6 S
61. Boycott of social affairs( M" L: ] y3 F, d
62. Student strike
4 u! v; b+ v* q% b3 E 63. Social disobedience
7 b2 N3 S: P- ] 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ C# Q6 `: q; q, b
" y* V7 \6 ~& T4 cWithdrawal from the Social System
. l6 I4 E1 J) Z8 U2 V+ L! g: S 65. Stay-at-home* j( A4 W7 l/ U! Z
66. Total personal noncooperation
( A2 g \1 B4 Y: @' L& T2 z e 67. “Flight” of workers
+ x6 g) [ n! Q1 l- G* R/ r" [( a 68. Sanctuary5 H8 J& X; v) J+ o2 w8 A; A
69. Collective disappearance
9 ]4 S$ g4 w1 |0 V9 R' e- t 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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: f: j* y R; ~9 j0 R$ l+ ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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! S3 h$ F F/ S4 ~$ d' G ! Q' B! F4 }8 m+ A* u3 N
Actions by Consumers
7 w: \& O* @6 ]$ K4 v+ [. @9 [0 d 71. Consumers’ boycott
/ A0 q: R1 M9 u( \& G. T* | 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ `9 Z% w& K; { 73. Policy of austerity' @7 i) b: R' P* i9 s4 t& E
74. Rent withholding/ K7 |! D5 x/ l; O% Z% r; D/ V
75. Refusal to rent
6 @6 o) m/ n' X6 ~" i3 n 76. National consumers’ boycott4 U% c0 @7 L6 C* Y+ V5 n8 H
77. International consumers’ boycott2 m6 U* p! F e8 s. @; p% K
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Action by Workers and Producers
* ^ o7 I" A) l7 E" u# s 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 Z2 V% M) }8 z" w" u: w 79. Producers’ boycott9 t/ f4 f$ ?* o6 ^2 F3 y; n. f* r
" y- m) I& \0 M) v6 n, h) JAction by Middlemen
3 M: T) p6 u- J2 x 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% V' ]9 O8 ~0 W/ ~8 p
* K$ y3 e9 b$ |7 U( X( NAction by Owners and Management, A1 {. B! F8 b! X" i+ P/ G
81. Traders’ boycott6 Y9 c! \( I7 U& N3 ?0 @ t
82. Refusal to let or sell property" D/ {. S2 [5 o0 c
83. Lockout
* {) y3 U* i& W4 X 84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 d# A' D1 \- E% @* k5 X# y/ @
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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: C, t; O) S, G* C& zAction by Holders of Financial Resources* c+ u: ~; B9 X- V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& s6 _/ r7 \4 N6 l, J
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 ]! ? L1 ^' ]& r" N 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( p" e0 S% X g: V! k, w 89. Severance of funds and credit
7 C) w5 W! {2 D- ?4 p- o 90. Revenue refusal# k# t8 g: {5 S: n# h
91. Refusal of a government’s money. P' U1 t+ }% n! v8 Z0 l. L
5 t1 f+ q% [/ o
Action by Governments
7 P4 z D' Y4 t2 K2 [ 92. Domestic embargo
/ }# Y- i E7 K& n5 G 93. Blacklisting of traders
' v9 }. X3 h5 ]2 R( q/ a s 94. International sellers’ embargo' O! F* T* W1 N
95. International buyers’ embargo2 m* F: J+ K* r( D
96. International trade embargo9 u6 Z+ Y! t3 u/ C; H- A# c
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
6 R6 K" N- G" f& ^ 97. Protest strike
0 |) y C* B- |6 ^3 H& ` 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 ~) ~" I6 c( w0 T- z- C0 u2 Z# I5 }* N* C
Agricultural Strikes) n7 ]2 u* @5 j. u- `
99. Peasant strike3 T/ w$ E% L q! J9 }( ?
100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 @0 h" h8 U: ~
( j* b; Q' H; W2 E8 U2 |Strikes by Special Groups
1 f7 r3 i4 M6 H- g5 A& y) T$ x4 h 101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 ^$ C2 _( C% b G f7 K 102. Prisoners’ strike
: x0 m" z6 a& i 103. Craft strike0 l8 t+ `9 o$ p
104. Professional strike
4 z+ d& [; r# I/ b6 s
. t7 g {; K+ j$ v# Y( i2 OOrdinary Industrial Strikes
2 h. ^, t# Y& t: h 105. Establishment strike
# B6 T3 J k5 t* W 106. Industry strike F1 V9 M5 m- l
107. Sympathetic strike
& T% f5 T+ @2 s) c$ \/ W; ?! i4 q! h8 K U; U1 ^9 S
Restricted Strikes
' c. r9 z5 k' Q8 F% x# J 108. Detailed strike
, E& Y' O* S' Q6 U" T 109. Bumper strike6 A9 D0 k0 e. |$ H4 M) b
110. Slowdown strike
`3 A3 }: S, H9 ?0 P9 S 111. Working-to-rule strike* v4 h: m& n: c0 H0 D$ Z
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 `2 Z) ` X! K3 ~, z 113. Strike by resignation: l! Y$ H% `6 E) a" t
114. Limited strike4 I. l! K. q& s5 u& u
115. Selective strike
9 _% ^: l- ^9 N) k7 R7 p5 @' p+ x3 l5 L- b
Multi-Industry Strikes( H- V2 Y5 J& `: M: b5 ^9 ~
8 ?1 R1 `& O! |7 ?, J7 A 116. Generalized strike! e: \2 b4 G( J& C+ F; E
3 U" [$ A7 t; }7 x
117. General strike
6 K% C3 F& ]' a1 q8 Y$ j
# S! i. z$ l- h9 K# J8 m3 D0 pCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
6 c, O0 t9 ]) n$ F
5 H( O! B2 R' w: l+ @! e! G- n 119. Economic shutdown T; o3 ?, q; r; T- Z7 W
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
7 x% T6 E* y/ [9 D4 j' U: u4 ^ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ t9 p2 U; I: {6 [
121. Refusal of public support6 Y0 Q, y& s, C# {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- q) c0 Y Z' G+ ]; V' k7 T
/ S9 V+ e1 X e* R/ |8 `5 G# |Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 `* s* x1 {3 F 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
0 ]! |; Q, i: _! }2 S 124. Boycott of elections3 `: T1 \* m$ D, X: U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" S# m6 O; Z% s- x( @/ } 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 O$ S2 l1 L, E, n2 K) I
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 o; x' }# g9 F5 k0 s
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; w# {) s y3 v! v 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. k7 J" y! X% o- z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 Y8 P6 p- J8 i. s# B3 t/ b 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& c) g- i. W5 [3 F8 a
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 u' j- j* w8 e. U2 Y7 Y* t
) a g; V) D8 a& N; JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! j& C0 V$ g* R _" t5 E [ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 S4 K, l, P) W0 X5 v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; C! Y' T9 s) s6 V" c& h
135. Popular nonobedience
, l+ d2 t9 t, @& }8 X- a2 n 136. Disguised disobedience4 @/ Q/ E* T4 _+ T$ ]9 V
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 @1 J+ I+ v* p8 n+ `% L& {. r7 S
138. Sitdown# E" x% o6 K" d& d3 |- {. l O& r1 K
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ s) P1 G& _3 c9 c- X: f7 N 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: M7 z8 h& V% V) ^1 D* R. `0 J
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws0 K5 g; `9 s1 B0 }7 n: @8 Y
5 `4 A" j8 W. X! B! f! aAction by Government Personnel
( ]; w4 q* e% x# S9 P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) z9 m1 M9 Z, f) Y 143. Blocking of lines of command and information: v! K0 D1 R- V2 H4 c, X
144. Stalling and obstruction: s. K c$ p0 k3 S6 J4 i. r
145. General administrative noncooperation
% S0 N3 c) }* @2 i% o
5 @% M" [# I) f0 Z$ r0 {1 D 146. Judicial noncooperation" D' o# G2 i1 `( H9 m
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 D7 E" t0 K9 t' y- Y/ o& w 148. Mutiny H' B) d! M5 p/ A
Domestic Governmental Action
X: I5 r k+ n5 c7 F# b2 n. |+ u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% s3 T6 C+ \5 F( ^/ T7 X% q4 F 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 f: ?0 C1 m# |8 T( e; e
# L9 p+ Q0 z! V6 g L% m6 S
International Governmental Action
! x8 R- @1 @7 r" }7 p9 g 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ B/ P* z' l4 E6 p 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- @* e& V8 _% _4 ~* `+ v 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" a6 U" L$ Q; N7 m3 p1 V c0 i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 N! r5 I: P' |; Z2 M7 N 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- i: k! V8 z8 J( j" V2 O 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 V2 X/ v. w2 u& c. m" y& j
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, j7 v2 f6 F/ W$ x, ~
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5 D+ a* Z9 Q. H, V/ _7 f6 n' uPsychological Intervention
" w, x9 Y9 Q8 q6 ^' \1 I" ~: m; Y$ y 158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 k- j% `- {8 a( s' g 159. The fast, Z9 e1 p( T& {! G# ?+ Y
a) Fast of moral pressure5 a5 @& A% z8 I- z# i2 N0 ? X! J# [
b) Hunger strike( g0 P5 Q# v9 L
c) Satyagrahic fast
; o; W" ^8 M1 g1 k 160. Reverse trial- G/ R( ~8 g8 s( {. P2 K
161. Nonviolent harassment
& u# T* r1 c4 N7 J) R$ ]& x; H; `0 @& V7 `
Physical Intervention/ ^* L; K. D7 y2 ~8 D' o
162. Sit-in J/ }+ M$ Z& l1 ]" h w1 C
163. Stand-in
* s* S) J s3 W9 a% [. ?/ P 164. Ride-in
) C( j$ O6 i) s; g/ W8 B 165. Wade-in
: x- f2 Y& F$ z5 ? 166. Mill-in
5 Z! L: z9 K* d1 d! c7 [6 W 167. Pray-in( }# r- ]9 Q; z5 a) r
168. Nonviolent raids# U/ d/ Z$ l6 t5 ]* C/ A
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 q, `2 p+ X& K' B/ e" l 170. Nonviolent invasion
, W: i& U3 m; x4 n( j 171. Nonviolent interjection: d; M' `3 _3 g$ @7 T
172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 ~- i! o q; \" T! X/ I 173. Nonviolent occupation
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3 B- C5 T5 z8 uSocial Intervention0 e. O. ~ X& h
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 w3 g; J- X4 l9 U( e 175. Overloading of facilities
) k7 }5 m5 ]3 M2 l 176. Stall-in0 w. S2 o1 j% _+ N: D2 H
177. Speak-in
) v" d$ V5 O7 S% J8 ^ 178. Guerrilla theater
7 N# E. Q2 C. U3 u 179. Alternative social institutions, o* ]6 w2 X0 d0 o: g; c0 c
180. Alternative communication system
3 E% C# [! ?! P1 h. k) P3 e8 {2 J+ R- ?
Economic Intervention" J; o8 v% L: f9 b G4 K
181. Reverse strike
* P/ \) Z% B8 ]. a% }2 B# U! j 182. Stay-in strike& O. O t; f8 B% V- w. j& @
183. Nonviolent land seizure" M& x! ~' k2 f8 b, |; T4 u
184. Defiance of blockades# b$ w% h' [( [: [4 X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! K# w z* G& E# _ 186. Preclusive purchasing- b& |/ F) C6 j
187. Seizure of assets
/ b8 ~6 f- |6 P- w+ G0 P 188. Dumping: m, h/ ]: Z/ i4 D: K; W( c- _- g, z7 f
189. Selective patronage' F( U* k9 q, k9 {, j/ g
190. Alternative markets
! H7 Z( H8 }2 U: N, j) q 191. Alternative transportation systems
* Z4 G& f- C; x5 a6 p3 w1 e. b 192. Alternative economic institutions: u7 E& _0 e! a9 X
% \, H q2 W; D; X- _2 d1 f. g7 K% qPolitical Intervention
1 c9 N1 a; ~" I1 b$ _" w2 f 193. Overloading of administrative systems2 @4 v, y. r7 S* l
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; [8 {: U o1 G
195. Seeking imprisonment( f0 H6 c9 M; ?0 P9 V' M
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
+ O4 X0 Y( Q' @9 F5 M2 h8 _5 z 197. Work-on without collaboration' U! H; W" `! ?( R2 V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
