 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( t% k* R, j$ ~8 a9 h! `Formal Statements
3 g# q2 U+ S2 f- |0 r! l9 O 1. Public Speeches) b+ Q+ j H" S' ]% E
2. Letters of opposition or support! _0 Y) g4 @* p$ V& P' R
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# l. h0 \! V# `0 p6 u 4. Signed public statements
( r: w! Y1 ?6 s! k+ X* T2 z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 X3 N$ i1 l& r 6. Group or mass petitions0 ]0 @* s! K1 e6 G5 f6 n/ k
A: `2 } P+ H2 I6 {7 gCommunications with a Wider Audience
2 s8 J5 y9 r5 t* d 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( _3 N( M" I$ N2 ~
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications C- n4 u0 _9 @2 T
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 @: b! p6 O$ t; X/ p
10. Newspapers and journals4 n( u3 R E$ F+ I# [
11. Records, radio, and television0 [( M7 ?: a8 k" D+ R) g
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 n% a" |+ M- m7 h$ Y/ g, v" w* A- z6 `# v# N1 U" ?* Y4 E4 m2 A
Group Representations, o5 W& Z' ^; B! I( k f2 y
13. Deputations
! q* Y+ e( E$ O- V+ I; o/ R1 ~7 {- a2 \ 14. Mock awards
) r3 w1 D/ P, T, ^1 R1 g 15. Group lobbying9 C: @* z6 c7 {! s
16. Picketing
: b$ r H. D: s 17. Mock elections
- W5 Z- `3 w% v; j9 j' ]/ l- B& Z/ i$ M* w) Y
Symbolic Public Acts' C& n# k1 ^4 V" c% z7 C: z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) r3 Z, j; Z& a! n9 I w5 @
19. Wearing of symbols X5 _1 v. ~. K
20. Prayer and worship" i0 O; C5 ^1 B* y6 n7 b
21. Delivering symbolic objects
@$ {1 J7 E N A 22. Protest disrobings
7 U7 T, F; z( P2 w# f( l 23. Destruction of own property
0 o( ~" E9 V; n4 | 24. Symbolic lights
7 f% H6 _# X% B) p" B% L 25. Displays of portraits
: J. Y( n! ?# s4 f' |9 w 26. Paint as protest9 S, k2 u2 g3 a- F% L3 X
27. New signs and names
( n( `* \% q, b* F 28. Symbolic sounds1 s$ `7 T' O% T: s
29. Symbolic reclamations$ \1 Y; ^1 C' O9 { G9 o" \9 c5 _
30. Rude gestures' a$ Z4 o: b G' z- U3 M
2 B9 S( g: q G$ Z; ~9 m: l& ?6 ZPressures on Individuals
4 o- _# ?" _9 Y2 b2 X2 p) S: r& @ 31. “Haunting” officials" I! e, J* G& G6 H
32. Taunting officials2 L: `5 b& f# I; _( X+ L; f
33. Fraternization1 p5 ~2 e2 A1 r+ d h! u
34. Vigils# Z& g$ m5 b. V/ [ W
) C* {& Y7 e% i4 z$ P/ Z
Drama and Music
4 q2 I8 c$ s" |9 ]; V2 T6 A, R 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 g1 R7 Q& ]. d/ C# Q 36. Performances of plays and music6 k# g0 I* _. s' R/ r6 j
37. Singing4 T! E& f1 D) F9 N H! X' w, A Q
! }* g7 M/ M5 BProcessions
$ O, ?$ P5 { F* v9 Y1 [ 38. Marches4 S* s2 {+ C- [2 s4 o! u( n
39. Parades
( a! X1 Z3 L# E7 n+ p 40. Religious processions+ {3 _( a" Y+ B% u. \) V8 {2 A* `5 L
41. Pilgrimages
/ f4 _* Z Y! n 42. Motorcades
7 r& |& l/ R3 S) P, O
. l& Z% g# @% D+ O/ R" ?' NHonoring the Dead
" i! t/ \; ^! x# x' X* }4 k 43. Political mourning
; H6 \# J3 ]: v 44. Mock funerals0 v. S) C4 a: x0 e
45. Demonstrative funerals/ H6 I+ q" e3 l% e; q1 {' i3 [ N
46. Homage at burial places: p+ Y$ l2 F% q2 I
0 h+ B+ p$ p. Q8 W2 X! J3 h' x' e
Public Assemblies
: {- v% L6 d/ G! C1 O/ m( E5 [% m 47. Assemblies of protest or support; p3 p8 Q1 a* f: E% g; m
48. Protest meetings
9 j5 `# k) D9 U% E8 b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' r0 _) i3 ?, ]. W- X6 b6 H% t 50. Teach-ins
+ u( K& h# n- w, R0 l7 B" t- D: P# T. U r
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# o# M: U, g/ a0 b, z: S 51. Walk-outs* ?5 Y1 u3 d7 ^0 i
52. Silence. |+ ?3 j. ^, K6 C, l' ]; h
53. Renouncing honors
6 o$ G& F) ]% H# f! L3 o- P+ j! M 54. Turning one’s back, I7 g& `5 Y- y1 j% [( d
- j1 X7 @; c& \6 o# g- H/ u6 k
0 _) r3 h% R) s( \8 \6 L" L+ H7 \" h# F; u R, s
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* d8 n" ~) g6 G! O+ y# h/ q
# h" q0 P( z+ D5 H' N
8 ]" m5 s4 n. x6 |& z
, {" R6 Y, l5 W) rOstracism of Persons
# e% e$ f4 ^; F3 G 55. Social boycott9 c( T. T* V& u3 W( [6 X8 w
56. Selective social boycott& m( a4 B/ q# b
57. Lysistratic nonaction
, n8 b! w" D4 U* d 58. Excommunication
* r7 O7 R: r: k$ _" g9 T 59. Interdict9 u3 b ?* O* ^3 {$ O
* f: Q& S* k9 |4 K& v& q7 Z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 H0 D" `& `; J$ f) K7 |5 _/ ]
60. Suspension of social and sports activities. b0 b3 i" J! R" S3 _3 W
61. Boycott of social affairs, O: N7 e6 v) {; s6 h5 v
62. Student strike. `7 j$ B* t" b& P3 c/ Y% e( _
63. Social disobedience: B7 g8 w G# ?( s
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; L# W- G- \+ o# [8 v. g. T
5 ^! a4 a& t& v1 y$ n) ]3 vWithdrawal from the Social System% s* M$ n, } H {4 x6 q
65. Stay-at-home
3 A: O+ o3 b) P/ U" F+ h 66. Total personal noncooperation
) Z. m; f; [3 \; y, z, P/ W( b, D 67. “Flight” of workers
D1 l9 K! g4 O# q1 c7 w# d- z 68. Sanctuary
# Z5 V8 P5 U& x) g, w 69. Collective disappearance7 c: y; ?: b2 F) Y$ W# f1 z. f
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" z3 N0 s9 b- f0 d( {% v' }2 n3 x1 T- T+ f3 U
3 C7 _: a2 ^. N- J- j! `5 X6 Z( Q6 x9 o1 o. h
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 q. o7 s$ ?& N( v
% a! O0 ?5 m y+ {
6 o- m) W" u5 c: I2 x$ n1 n% P; I# b
Actions by Consumers
" Z6 g6 F% w! W 71. Consumers’ boycott
) ^. @ u" @/ ^% n 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) H0 h8 `0 W. r/ `# g
73. Policy of austerity
6 @: f# x6 ?: F% T6 O 74. Rent withholding' w7 z4 H6 D+ f& W5 ]
75. Refusal to rent" y _/ a: ?& y; a+ x z
76. National consumers’ boycott8 I o6 t' t0 @1 D/ s
77. International consumers’ boycott* g) j+ r( G, Y K& N" h. L* P
0 }1 I7 {( X1 _2 V& A
Action by Workers and Producers; g! [0 m9 g$ b( v$ p$ a. d: N- o9 W
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ t* v# c2 W0 M4 `3 A8 q% a 79. Producers’ boycott
/ l+ }) Q# a) }$ @, s1 F7 V6 d" d
5 p; N6 [- ~' Y( D4 c0 S& PAction by Middlemen) K; d- Y) \' b& H7 t8 G
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 C: G: J2 P1 r# l j8 I5 T5 r7 X4 J; F ~
Action by Owners and Management
0 f% q2 U: L' Z) x8 w7 U 81. Traders’ boycott
% V) v, u! C% Z9 ?/ \2 K' e( z+ b 82. Refusal to let or sell property% p0 q6 u8 q; Z- l, R9 J
83. Lockout
: p, C5 E1 T8 \! q4 z' g8 F) [; w 84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 E' Z9 q( x7 ?) {% Z3 [
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
r+ H; k9 A: D% O$ r- j
4 `% ^4 g, l$ `" J- {, c9 Z+ U" fAction by Holders of Financial Resources0 z+ q8 e X) {# u p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits O& ]/ S3 c; c F; Z4 c
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ Q' ]$ y. ]$ U- Z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 n7 p5 q8 J8 k" O+ G# J, \ 89. Severance of funds and credit! P X' W/ j1 L
90. Revenue refusal
( k+ |8 E6 Z; M, ~% C7 G' ? n 91. Refusal of a government’s money
. o, T( D `) k, e7 s
# z& E% u0 l1 SAction by Governments
3 w6 P% V4 w& c 92. Domestic embargo9 m+ U% z# Q8 d: t* w2 K0 _
93. Blacklisting of traders m( D! N: w) y, K8 S
94. International sellers’ embargo
, ~+ r0 l# S4 v. ~' e$ o" N$ M 95. International buyers’ embargo
# N* E7 u- ^& d6 a2 g4 S 96. International trade embargo
7 y5 n0 \1 k! Q1 q+ J! t
2 T* u4 M s3 N- C 4 t0 G! l$ [: F5 H5 _7 G' V
: g8 _: o5 ?# m# d) r2 q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
% J) z$ M% N6 `, X) f1 g1 e9 C
, t9 v( i. O1 W7 T" W
7 n6 v: x( T' t: Q( T3 r! ^4 aSymbolic Strikes
, q- k0 M: O9 e# [+ o2 j 97. Protest strike2 b1 `- N p R! U0 }1 ^6 H. n
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: M# v. i* n: _- v( }
. g, o, i: I% |# cAgricultural Strikes
" N* ^2 n1 Q( T$ A- W" a% S 99. Peasant strike
/ s# W, q1 Z/ e8 x7 X1 Y 100. Farm Workers’ strike
G* A0 w2 e; R. L+ H% u/ @$ w" N+ x" n2 A
Strikes by Special Groups
9 d% ?& o9 P- t" n 101. Refusal of impressed labor7 M; q( t o3 A& b! ]
102. Prisoners’ strike
3 e( J. y- j) j" q1 o 103. Craft strike2 a, F o* s1 l9 ?
104. Professional strike7 h1 `6 `2 M# }# U: Z
( {) R" g0 _8 M8 u# s4 @Ordinary Industrial Strikes
! X/ O. k& G2 P3 _1 q L* G. S5 o 105. Establishment strike
+ {- A( c; D. |- |! E: Z 106. Industry strike
p: E' I: ]: {4 c, ` b" [ 107. Sympathetic strike
' Y, t# ?/ F7 l# v% ]
8 d7 O J" e3 xRestricted Strikes
0 F. y( S; m6 O3 p v- U% O+ i 108. Detailed strike3 R# ] M" \+ B; G9 r; S
109. Bumper strike; E- N& u7 R! u# U
110. Slowdown strike8 @8 i ]" H3 c0 m( f. \
111. Working-to-rule strike
; W0 k0 L0 `, e3 }; U- X x 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); }; o/ D f% Z8 |/ ?4 M
113. Strike by resignation4 }' e. D. l% c0 X8 G0 @! P& R
114. Limited strike
! j4 m- D# z' s. N 115. Selective strike
; A$ \" r j9 k9 G
6 C. a; O: a& wMulti-Industry Strikes# G R8 d1 O. H A8 n( |5 ]8 `
2 d U& y$ L0 E 116. Generalized strike
) o- K8 D( D9 Y; i+ }
+ ]4 X" Y7 w8 v' g a 117. General strike; q4 C4 H6 K5 s; z% [: x! q
; U! c6 F$ d$ i# u6 F
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 z; l5 M7 F: Y/ v% {" U- {
2 E/ x" z# e$ d7 _0 t% G6 C
118. Hartal2 ]8 _/ E3 X/ O, \. v4 Q
8 s9 }4 d7 ]3 O$ Q$ g. {4 f
119. Economic shutdown) V7 N _3 L: R; Z- ~
1 R1 g* J0 j3 r+ v' H9 e5 z
1 k# U B& r# `; ~, m, A9 I' j9 w, a) Q
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' P, h8 d! k! y$ s! F
0 N Z# p+ |7 _
* U1 J, d; O- H# ?) I+ [$ d6 E6 ARejection of Authority
8 s' o! n0 O, A L6 T& M 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" q0 A* z. g: l$ S3 k 121. Refusal of public support
% [: i" T5 J& `1 u% Q. z c. h3 [ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- x* R2 M n6 E% C4 W1 v. D- V4 p. C2 G3 M- {
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 v: B- m; b8 J. |8 b
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 s) Y h8 F7 D+ E+ ^( r8 n
124. Boycott of elections" T. G: M1 w5 R+ Q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; w; @5 o1 i# p 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# @9 X" F0 X* x# w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( I% p5 e6 y; a" O, p! } A 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* j& @! R' @. }9 u0 O* D 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) k J$ g* ?; e0 G+ R
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% j+ ]7 `2 @: W: w 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( t+ U, Y# Y* ^' M9 E+ K. A 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
" L3 S& W9 ^& z( P' V' A( `: e/ B4 U9 Y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ R. l! @' R- w' b$ K9 Z! [ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 \) } `" T$ e
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 E" s0 B" _2 |+ v' t8 S 135. Popular nonobedience: p. _( \+ B* c ] y. o3 g; \
136. Disguised disobedience! }. L, b2 R: T1 S( ^+ U4 m/ {
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 c- P2 c2 x9 H0 X+ ? 138. Sitdown& k# y- N: Q( y. p; K% {
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: C+ J8 F! E0 Q w, T( E, w+ X* l 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 X! v7 W1 N# x( o 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, E4 S0 W# N0 j$ M& e% N8 G" W q$ d6 v' j: d6 C6 x
Action by Government Personnel) I/ _! g! u0 G" O& ^! I
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 v5 e4 k" P+ m' \4 ^9 g
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; |4 \! i Z8 S9 n 144. Stalling and obstruction8 [& D* H5 A9 N( P) w- h0 m
145. General administrative noncooperation+ @* o9 A8 q# p& ?
) y2 U0 `% l. |5 w7 k! b
146. Judicial noncooperation6 ?( D; Z2 w+ l5 N: o
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" X; G5 O+ v* G! q
148. Mutiny5 |, e$ `9 T9 P' Q
Domestic Governmental Action5 I- T! ]8 a' i* N% P3 U
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 \2 Q8 t$ \0 @; C8 D2 B
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& G3 Q( {8 |$ c! g/ r* V' N, Q
+ O3 G* `: t {International Governmental Action
& [* G( @8 c6 d3 \- I- C 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations# V: S4 \. q% t# C Y: z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 S" ?: V! P/ O 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 u: l3 Z& v$ C' o9 B+ v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 G" f A) K/ c: ~- r* d5 o% q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 \# d1 }: N" b. _
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ i7 ?' I ]/ N9 w9 B- X! [7 z 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 {, M4 E" A# _; \- \ R' D4 W) d& O4 Z) E' Q6 A" P+ l
- Z! V# o# V5 `3 Y* B1 A* b: s# \3 S- }7 B0 H& H( T. n
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; o+ M5 Z- b: e; A @
. n' b. `0 W% Q1 n9 |+ S ; z/ ^. _" |- ?! R5 W
Psychological Intervention
: w; D3 {& d# D) P x 158. Self-exposure to the elements, s a" d" m# ?1 S4 Y# S0 O C
159. The fast( }7 a5 E: `) m0 M; ~
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 g2 p* {: T8 V1 j b) Hunger strike8 c7 a- c3 ]5 g& `! P
c) Satyagrahic fast8 D! ?4 @3 k% _- h7 _; B
160. Reverse trial0 W. j9 Z: p1 H' O& q
161. Nonviolent harassment6 G: E" R! W2 x7 } D
1 V" x) @# B/ n& G
Physical Intervention
3 F- w) m+ H' C% `/ w+ { 162. Sit-in! S( L4 o3 ]8 \
163. Stand-in
. c( o& P* w& a$ X: u* t 164. Ride-in
/ o& b8 D. h* n% t! `1 J 165. Wade-in
1 J# c, U. {! |1 F& `( @) O 166. Mill-in( H2 T9 K* Q& V% R/ `. O; G) P. S
167. Pray-in3 i9 A( p, S% U+ g
168. Nonviolent raids3 O; ]8 U' l1 E h- E: N7 c2 ]
169. Nonviolent air raids. Z( O* {" M J" h3 r
170. Nonviolent invasion; h( `" H |6 p! U! ^
171. Nonviolent interjection# Q4 \6 s {3 ?
172. Nonviolent obstruction% w: H+ I, _/ d$ q ?, e
173. Nonviolent occupation
8 k4 J$ p, J. q" h M$ s0 ]1 k' Q7 }
Social Intervention
% [) e: `$ {: z) @- P/ g 174. Establishing new social patterns: E. g& W' b, H" Z/ V, Z: @
175. Overloading of facilities3 W5 \$ ?; R) ?, ]$ K
176. Stall-in: D( q0 s( U& x: b
177. Speak-in) `8 N) f2 T9 v' F& S- K
178. Guerrilla theater
" y4 j2 y7 Q# M 179. Alternative social institutions
, ?5 v& D% f3 S, i3 W2 t# A5 i 180. Alternative communication system
7 b+ Y# s' G9 D) X& h% h
+ y# A1 \4 U# h5 b I- `Economic Intervention
4 s: _ q( u9 s y) m! S; ]& ^% Q 181. Reverse strike
2 E( ^; R, J% |! b+ d1 I 182. Stay-in strike! G# W5 L7 T9 Y5 p; ~9 U5 P" k2 y4 X
183. Nonviolent land seizure4 l5 Y* A* p5 i( U
184. Defiance of blockades- w' |5 k$ t% W+ c D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 N3 z( P9 W3 G1 G+ y/ e
186. Preclusive purchasing
+ O+ v1 \* y/ ^; n* ^5 a3 w1 s 187. Seizure of assets) d: N8 a( | m* P5 Z! i
188. Dumping% ?; u. x2 P3 V/ u! Q" v4 r1 L! {
189. Selective patronage
9 Z" j }$ V S' | 190. Alternative markets
: c5 L" a/ g" u* x: N' u$ G 191. Alternative transportation systems
6 y- X" c. \$ n5 O8 N* ? 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 Y! S7 x A! Y. y j( Y; M! b# o# d! p8 k
Political Intervention
1 I+ O9 y1 J% O# Q, p3 S5 [ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ S3 i' C" i9 w 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 W" s9 ^6 |$ H
195. Seeking imprisonment
5 [5 @7 h5 A- O 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% u; j/ h) P0 E0 f3 M$ C 197. Work-on without collaboration4 V9 T# T, q) A5 g
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& W: t- w/ h `% D/ T6 m
7 j0 i9 a* t9 v8 Q/ D ?
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
