 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- ~* l8 T8 w! Z" ~" j! aFormal Statements/ T6 Q9 O, J& x. ?( O# t5 A
1. Public Speeches& w8 v& ^. {1 U0 s% e2 Y. I
2. Letters of opposition or support. Q! G. }8 E9 K [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 O& d4 i& N, [5 T& ^/ w. p6 B 4. Signed public statements
7 G9 v/ L7 L [ [- K 5. Declarations of indictment and intention) [$ ^/ o5 M% f8 ~. p; x
6. Group or mass petitions
7 Y3 U7 F# [1 G$ ~& s9 [, X, F, v
K" ]/ n1 A2 x: k4 \Communications with a Wider Audience
0 o% d6 M Z; i 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# N) g0 e7 r! ]% V* E9 B$ b2 M
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ y0 |' _2 k1 P: H! H$ I, m0 o
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 Z2 D; y# V# X. T- [( ` 10. Newspapers and journals1 G3 N3 N- t% y. T# E7 |
11. Records, radio, and television) p! D8 `8 j& ^* V3 W
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
D( N* z. d5 o0 M. g
& f8 U# V5 S/ x, [! ]9 h7 [Group Representations
: y% z) w4 x' d( D- ^( a8 N' @/ K. a8 O 13. Deputations
" w% j1 m! O/ g: ^$ [ 14. Mock awards
* q9 o( H- X* @+ y: X 15. Group lobbying+ k6 ]; G g; P
16. Picketing5 P5 Z% f$ j1 {' D
17. Mock elections$ k. O/ T" X" f- _ d3 j3 W
# q: |6 C! `0 T' ~$ w4 G1 U
Symbolic Public Acts" P: X; q+ c- R' G# Q3 {1 T0 q! s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, s' V5 k$ U2 `6 \
19. Wearing of symbols2 C! c6 G: u6 k6 b) h1 o
20. Prayer and worship/ Z, c4 Q8 p1 b0 e# Z6 e$ ]2 {( x' H& Z
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 B# m5 ]! O4 w3 E8 {
22. Protest disrobings, u, y- O* s% k3 M5 }; z+ e" p. m5 F
23. Destruction of own property& q) v3 G& R. C) l8 y4 r
24. Symbolic lights
1 x* z. Q& W$ W: u$ {9 t. X4 J/ R 25. Displays of portraits6 V% d: ?* {7 B6 }
26. Paint as protest2 h: Z$ P* O) ^ L7 z
27. New signs and names' Y8 P0 w0 r g( T& C& F# u0 N
28. Symbolic sounds+ _. c* \$ [, ?8 Y3 H! T
29. Symbolic reclamations+ a! ]* d& A1 T! N8 q P
30. Rude gestures
5 q, m' K9 L! \* y1 k8 k7 b+ g
' h% F/ P4 v9 N& b* U5 U: ^Pressures on Individuals" u9 o" B3 U7 d
31. “Haunting” officials
2 k: d% }) ^9 N% q 32. Taunting officials
' n: M+ F9 x% c- G! ]2 i8 ~ 33. Fraternization
( X% O: H$ i2 T) m2 P1 Q% [ 34. Vigils$ B* d1 z$ |2 O6 M) o2 }
+ \$ ~* s) w* K" s4 B9 w6 \Drama and Music
' M4 E- v" N) V; W# @5 _, V0 G# g. x) W 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 h: A% \& z* h% Y 36. Performances of plays and music# o* g2 Z4 L/ X3 i' ~
37. Singing
, v" k9 [& H3 I2 O
( O- h# ~+ w" P/ LProcessions# Z3 _. q U( ]6 I) y" @
38. Marches" \ ?5 X* ~+ S) ~' K3 I/ R
39. Parades
9 ^* i4 ]/ x5 U 40. Religious processions
( C, [( t2 L, B+ e# p& M: j 41. Pilgrimages
9 j; n u4 t6 n; h9 H/ l) b( V6 U, j 42. Motorcades/ T( E6 r4 S! \
1 i; V& h& ~0 pHonoring the Dead
- a' n2 y3 [) e 43. Political mourning* U4 B+ [2 A/ p: l8 ~4 p
44. Mock funerals. f) P" x9 {: [! a' B( N% L
45. Demonstrative funerals
9 j3 j# p6 Y1 ~ t 46. Homage at burial places
F/ S. R) e, C6 {/ \! B& S9 n9 x! F$ x, h4 H2 Y
Public Assemblies5 q( z1 ^1 _( f+ x5 e/ Z6 b, h0 @
47. Assemblies of protest or support% c( _( w. }0 ^
48. Protest meetings& }/ l' ]: e& V9 n# T' x$ @
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 v- C6 i; i1 C/ r/ `" o
50. Teach-ins% K& ?. ?: t% x8 H
+ u- c: ^- T3 a, r
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. S6 n, F2 l- a, I4 _5 R 51. Walk-outs
9 K" ?- b( |& P g 52. Silence! C8 p* g+ D, `: n9 j
53. Renouncing honors
/ ^0 \' N6 V$ b! X0 q' O4 E0 N 54. Turning one’s back
1 P' o: P7 x" G0 s P+ }
2 i+ N: l* E; T( e6 o9 z% S
' J: H! P8 d X
6 |+ @6 Y) t; v( w$ @9 }$ J& {& qTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ |2 v4 j4 u: p( g' J7 S* a
7 h5 ]3 s1 `; h7 U
% W% P, F: z% s/ E
9 i; w8 ^1 I8 ~/ O; S @( Y# @Ostracism of Persons0 E4 } m& h- O, u3 T5 @, }
55. Social boycott0 v3 c; G1 s5 C! V& a# o' b: `. `9 b/ q
56. Selective social boycott
1 b, \9 u% a4 O' f/ B3 \4 G+ r 57. Lysistratic nonaction
; Y- l# J4 g- \7 Z! _- X 58. Excommunication
' E, A) ~( i5 u( { 59. Interdict
0 u1 b! }/ p7 n
3 I( ]8 j- S/ w. jNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 G* G0 o2 d# {3 C3 d 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% E- A b+ B: k% u% \% O 61. Boycott of social affairs7 X: z1 P6 o* h
62. Student strike/ h, x3 `4 J& R4 z0 g
63. Social disobedience
: b+ j, b8 {2 V7 W0 M$ }. | 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
" h3 B5 D4 B5 I6 }7 A8 M
+ C+ x* [5 Q1 g; @- AWithdrawal from the Social System
7 r! L8 ^$ y* @, O( ?) r/ M 65. Stay-at-home
* C/ ], r, ]8 l. _6 s+ R 66. Total personal noncooperation0 m! b* P5 N% L( S* ~ u0 {' `' E: T
67. “Flight” of workers
6 \# g8 Z1 _2 n& z8 } 68. Sanctuary) Z3 i: d. e- C3 x7 }8 ]6 i8 K3 i5 M# x
69. Collective disappearance
% F' F9 n* {7 |9 T) F" H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
8 V9 ?* f% W1 M* d1 f
8 c9 {5 r- D2 T" f
7 H# F6 \2 `( ^# p: X" F- p6 w! x+ Q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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1 |% W3 F' @2 @" X5 H # A# x0 O# Z, h9 I2 [
Actions by Consumers" Y P) _8 F2 B! M! K. F' O
71. Consumers’ boycott, \9 D& m( }( O( F% h- h
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 k* A1 y0 i! |* }4 J1 m 73. Policy of austerity
% ? D) t3 u% w# L( T, Q" S 74. Rent withholding
0 K' ^- Z; Q t' d3 n0 x' x+ G" Q: }0 m 75. Refusal to rent+ J2 j9 d" B: I5 t8 l |5 Y' a
76. National consumers’ boycott! k4 V) A! W* ~% Q* b" y% A, f
77. International consumers’ boycott
- z0 K2 _2 ^& Q% T- f6 ^5 R& |: y: V; u. V# q
Action by Workers and Producers
- h# _# E0 a- P$ ^9 ?+ U 78. Workmen’s boycott
# l r5 n5 x" [ 79. Producers’ boycott
" T4 f- B J8 u" W5 I0 V8 j
! M( O( w+ I Y! q" ^, X, TAction by Middlemen
' x" V& Q. E, @6 ^ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) |" J8 d% h. l0 b* Q1 I
+ y$ g1 F( B I6 n& u8 n7 V9 {Action by Owners and Management
8 u# g* ]1 R8 I8 u 81. Traders’ boycott
4 [) E: _2 O5 t7 K) y 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 G, j; B( U$ V o @# ~# _. G 83. Lockout
! [6 P6 h. {! U) O) \: b 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ f* C: e+ l) p) r0 |; o0 t! C: c# \' m
85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 G# a! O6 F5 S- ^: T4 L
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 A6 D% r5 m% u& o! I/ O% A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits* U8 A: J" u& A% y6 e
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' w- X! X- `; _! Z/ d1 d" t* ]2 o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest Y8 s# i( @" [6 u
89. Severance of funds and credit7 U) j( B' P! g5 b/ c0 I
90. Revenue refusal' V7 j v9 d0 I; R) {7 K1 B
91. Refusal of a government’s money, P( ]6 C1 [- s4 p- {
/ H4 T+ j. N9 J+ n0 `Action by Governments4 `0 n9 X7 C9 j" T
92. Domestic embargo# _# d. C+ e5 J
93. Blacklisting of traders
" q2 M! T7 f- U1 l0 e9 c 94. International sellers’ embargo
6 v/ j" Y# t0 q2 \8 y( D( _, O 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ }& f- J, ^- w 96. International trade embargo1 a# I% h* y3 J7 o! m
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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) L/ E, n: {1 F/ U! m$ eSymbolic Strikes
3 K5 w0 ]( H3 a* L8 o0 c$ n 97. Protest strike, G1 a: q) ?, s1 e( M O8 C
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# P# G4 s2 a, u' E! G! p0 b
- k2 Q5 g" ?) i0 v0 F5 IAgricultural Strikes$ D' `# Y3 u1 c. c) g) H
99. Peasant strike
2 i+ ^7 U# y+ [: c- N6 D 100. Farm Workers’ strike) W5 \# K% A7 D' C, k8 ^, w% z
' a0 m* J; v" U! \, p7 n
Strikes by Special Groups, R0 ^: P& n% @' ?
101. Refusal of impressed labor/ u3 m# X: V' _' M% h6 U4 }
102. Prisoners’ strike
8 ~2 O8 y' U- h 103. Craft strike4 e4 M; r. w5 G& `' A- Z' \/ a2 n
104. Professional strike' D& \& l* c6 C/ p# J
0 b* d7 Y* F: P* X% k) ^Ordinary Industrial Strikes
, o0 H# l o/ o6 l 105. Establishment strike
8 o, A( z7 r8 Y r' ~ 106. Industry strike
Q) p/ n+ @+ H% ^5 M) x N3 I 107. Sympathetic strike
9 v1 o* ~$ g( d a
0 @+ w1 z' e$ k! O; c& E8 v- x3 NRestricted Strikes
- Y0 k2 R& N3 f9 B4 t3 L: t 108. Detailed strike! |! H# a [4 u+ v& s2 t. O- i
109. Bumper strike4 ]& `! h. i4 ]
110. Slowdown strike
* M: q9 y9 d8 d8 G. U+ M 111. Working-to-rule strike7 y Z% X& r P, \* [4 {) _ o
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ Y0 E. c$ Y5 a 113. Strike by resignation' y; H4 N4 Z4 t
114. Limited strike# n2 s1 I- c; q5 L0 U- N
115. Selective strike' S- g( k( `2 H$ l" d1 f' |
; W" y% _+ Y/ a! B& b) ^% F
Multi-Industry Strikes
# `/ W6 V& \+ a; Z/ K7 i5 F. G( z6 d a/ {; Q2 D: U
116. Generalized strike
! F( X0 C. U9 q4 b, s; P
& c$ b) Q, ~7 o. n 117. General strike4 L0 P5 B+ }" I% |/ k! v. Z
- F7 ~8 f( W4 C
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ l: A& H2 s' R4 y' b: J/ r
% \' N5 o& N- _' N7 l 118. Hartal
# j+ ~3 C: }9 w0 _* W+ c. A
( o, l1 _, b% \1 M; K# q 119. Economic shutdown
" S2 Q* H2 y! Y! O* ^+ y0 C( T/ n3 }% u% d3 j( `: Y9 V
, B1 s3 ]5 X2 i+ o: }
3 M' M0 ]' N% r$ @; oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 H; L4 p" z4 P+ |6 d- S1 _1 [3 E
1 {# P3 c% X y+ ~* B$ _ 3 u2 |2 q0 q, H( a* z$ q! W0 C
Rejection of Authority
0 g$ g$ B3 B- U2 D, I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# y9 _) S" M; _8 @9 f$ s 121. Refusal of public support% {& d1 U1 X {# a5 k
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 w5 d6 o% X; L8 z: y( T3 ?) @& p; f6 y4 f, e0 M
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 `" F5 ?& C9 p/ J) Y; J2 j% Q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! M; b1 g2 R3 S* v: \ ] 124. Boycott of elections
! [7 J' ^/ o, t3 C8 Y, w. h 125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 x5 ^7 Z2 ~/ R ?
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 ^, o5 a* n+ c: w, I: H/ S 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 b- C2 @# N* n8 p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- U9 P# D4 A5 K- N0 I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 a+ B# n3 i4 Y; T& [7 j% A5 U) [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' f- L- H/ v u
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: @5 m: N0 M! B, ^, Q: i- c0 I: M
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) L# I3 R: b7 J
% F2 X h( E' ], {: u: qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, x6 C: ~, Z/ u* [+ |: Y; G
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
% |! G# V$ H/ z; z. } 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 q0 G/ {9 D7 L, r6 d G; a 135. Popular nonobedience2 Z" A5 `: H3 x' |$ ?2 A5 D
136. Disguised disobedience& t" G+ ?- |8 ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 j/ a J- P/ e/ n; w 138. Sitdown8 Q! f3 ^' J/ e/ x4 S7 b! [+ A V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; ~0 O9 e' N" s* z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ g9 C, p# ^% P! Q2 W 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% e9 f0 r0 s# {& p( S! G$ r
! d ], m) V- h Y. B! y' I$ S
Action by Government Personnel3 w0 z' j( |- b- S/ S7 O+ }
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( @6 s, F. Y6 S) F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( M t' O' m$ `0 M
144. Stalling and obstruction# F7 g1 F" I u
145. General administrative noncooperation; P/ I9 a% u- m4 T( P
/ a6 F: a$ D2 W1 K
146. Judicial noncooperation5 z, a/ G+ Y) \6 j% Z, x [
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: ^0 S6 a4 G) \3 ?8 X1 v5 F% d" y
148. Mutiny, B; }0 w/ W w- Z* |
Domestic Governmental Action# v9 E5 X8 Y& t$ j; F6 U4 d. x9 j! J
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" H' _, K( ^! F6 |6 ~ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
s N/ d6 I" ?" }, w9 c: D
: A1 _" X7 }) C. S7 XInternational Governmental Action
4 C; i8 W4 V. t2 F 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 B1 m9 S2 }. C" Y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 |( n1 I C- u; ^; f& o! h
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! r* [5 P; e. |7 G+ c+ }& H" i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 m' \. b4 U" [: Y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- O+ O& J+ v/ _% i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
V) t- i9 H! ?- l0 t6 s5 d9 S' G) C: E 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; w" l7 |% |* `" q
) M4 Q, A$ K9 u9 W4 q5 W. G& b % O7 T1 c; d+ e* `, Z, c* y, t9 `
Psychological Intervention* F p8 d2 U& Q$ [7 V, [
158. Self-exposure to the elements0 j: r: k' D w# b( W- a
159. The fast% U9 i/ Z9 E; Z: @
a) Fast of moral pressure7 Z. h6 O/ U) g8 }1 P
b) Hunger strike
! Z* ^+ u$ [" R$ ^$ s4 j2 K; { c) Satyagrahic fast! E4 |; Q. e- d! I2 |4 Q+ @- I
160. Reverse trial, B k- `" f, _" u% T
161. Nonviolent harassment
& t# i. g g P% L- I7 l
( y5 e& U% Q7 ~4 v/ J# M! d6 \Physical Intervention& _" G8 }4 l# e2 s! W
162. Sit-in
; U0 o* j" D0 ]' l9 C5 e+ D 163. Stand-in
+ z/ Y& m) `3 ^8 d: A L 164. Ride-in
# a, x% c% C& j8 f 165. Wade-in" b* T" s e8 P" v# B3 j3 {* b
166. Mill-in
; s# i @: h, v! X2 m U 167. Pray-in
: \4 W4 d8 k( m3 U* T9 f* i- |( K R 168. Nonviolent raids2 F4 \8 v* \; U; ]8 S) A4 Z2 l
169. Nonviolent air raids
# k6 B/ Z( m n0 [ 170. Nonviolent invasion
5 F- V- I' O8 J6 b! Q2 K' @ 171. Nonviolent interjection
' x) j' r! C2 s6 ] b0 E) S8 E 172. Nonviolent obstruction1 C2 F/ V- N$ I9 p7 W. } z
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention0 ]' B. J5 z: K
174. Establishing new social patterns" @& n7 x2 g7 {6 v s
175. Overloading of facilities
+ x0 a+ [' R" r' ?5 b- n 176. Stall-in
( e8 R5 A {' ]& z* y6 I: {! e3 p 177. Speak-in! N- `+ b& o6 a7 g
178. Guerrilla theater) ~3 h+ l9 a# ?5 f
179. Alternative social institutions
# L) D4 g" @9 Y$ e) t5 L& W 180. Alternative communication system' b- a2 `( K6 u
8 v1 H4 w) |5 s3 W- t+ }4 X+ ?
Economic Intervention
, K- ]& W$ X, M8 r 181. Reverse strike
& S' j- ]0 O( x3 t 182. Stay-in strike
1 v; i8 K7 @& v/ a, \* e 183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ t7 K: C0 t6 W+ @9 j 184. Defiance of blockades# V' b. n' M' v0 O6 Y4 I. s
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& s% Z/ ^1 G* d" i( M
186. Preclusive purchasing# p# _: s" K) J( B d
187. Seizure of assets3 B+ O+ R2 R4 Y4 d8 P& I
188. Dumping
! g, J' _9 e! f/ U! ^ 189. Selective patronage
# p, s M" i5 { g# d 190. Alternative markets
/ X. V8 w1 D( r; Q 191. Alternative transportation systems4 A* H3 ]5 ^+ a1 \2 W
192. Alternative economic institutions
& S7 [7 K9 d% I! @0 T# d
& _9 Y, I! F2 `. L# VPolitical Intervention
+ ?7 G0 x4 I8 T 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 c; q% E- w, p9 a 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! T. }3 O w0 A 195. Seeking imprisonment+ {( O8 o) C/ J$ ?& N# U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 T, O7 Q* [4 J) Q- G) u 197. Work-on without collaboration/ e9 j/ G7 o# F u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
