 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ u T- R7 O- L8 q) x I( \. t6 o% ~* fFormal Statements
" ~2 h8 G; m- i1 l& a2 u) _ 1. Public Speeches
' N+ d4 t) R9 r, _7 ] 2. Letters of opposition or support& B7 Q1 P" F/ O3 T9 x, G- C
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, u0 g4 y+ _) @0 P+ [8 V
4. Signed public statements
; u( u4 B& P" C* Q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention& j S& x* b- W1 q- X
6. Group or mass petitions
& c, K- k M! B2 l+ I, l% ^5 B/ |) ?; |4 Z/ t/ k
Communications with a Wider Audience) S/ Q8 v1 b& g& V9 Y! A
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( H: [! _# j! n" o, c1 ?
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( e+ H6 T: a/ ?/ {& L2 O3 z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 j6 R& {$ R! {, u9 l4 I 10. Newspapers and journals( m$ L: H M: Q: D9 o
11. Records, radio, and television
; ^# G9 A) ^9 R( ^4 C: C; M3 F 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 t# e! ^. D' }8 n$ i5 b, U [
6 W1 o! q( m- z; v3 [) T6 MGroup Representations
0 X" k" S; Z4 A+ q# X& o" y6 f( P3 g 13. Deputations
3 Z3 \: M9 u) K A& O; q* X4 r0 F 14. Mock awards
7 S2 r6 }4 l K! |) {& E! l1 S+ B 15. Group lobbying
) t/ D6 `/ \, Q, Y; | C 16. Picketing* Q6 I' `' n+ f& ~; D. \( X
17. Mock elections
' N" J5 g/ r# o* j
' d/ o" e: o& |, g" xSymbolic Public Acts
& k# H" {/ r6 v# D 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ E/ t2 U) m; q% F4 _
19. Wearing of symbols s/ h3 b0 Q/ r
20. Prayer and worship5 K8 U+ E4 s& N U7 {( C
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 s3 |* s) t& P0 o5 O* {/ X
22. Protest disrobings
* L* q* e: r, f 23. Destruction of own property l& a @. p0 y( c$ S; `1 a
24. Symbolic lights" J! l; |% u) u0 H
25. Displays of portraits
8 M! Y+ _% G3 T# k! C3 T 26. Paint as protest0 K( \# I% }* ^' d8 {( ?
27. New signs and names9 }- G3 f( g! D6 O; { F7 q
28. Symbolic sounds
# ]2 W3 _4 E' e% L 29. Symbolic reclamations, N# I3 D% c$ [
30. Rude gestures- `* s+ t) \ {: j4 s0 t
, ~) a: C8 m' R' D
Pressures on Individuals
2 F7 j9 W% K' ~- h# E0 l4 u" ? 31. “Haunting” officials
, l6 U6 f9 x. p) k& @$ b* E9 p 32. Taunting officials
% I f4 g/ p, E" f. T$ L 33. Fraternization
- ^; e1 ^: G C+ @4 O 34. Vigils: h0 R- [+ z( i3 k
; z8 O4 o( r. kDrama and Music& J1 X1 {/ n( c7 d8 N3 B; p
35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 c5 ^ p. _; Q+ `. i3 ]* z 36. Performances of plays and music
1 r4 m' b4 [2 [3 c 37. Singing/ I V4 ~8 B$ [5 i: h7 z# T ]
) D% m+ M4 R0 L) G' {2 F" x n" VProcessions
- q$ l: ~4 g' H. B2 D* @ l% \ 38. Marches
: I, X3 n. \6 r! F: ^- i) Y& t( l 39. Parades
2 }; I% y! `/ G) `0 l) S6 H 40. Religious processions1 Y6 x9 b7 B: g z q6 @) O3 ^. y
41. Pilgrimages/ v- Q9 o2 P- h" V3 N
42. Motorcades5 t- [$ B4 x* f' n( M
$ ^: t' z& r" H; m. A0 q/ L1 r, y( THonoring the Dead
; y% W# Z" j& M 43. Political mourning
+ M) e) ?# s) b4 D7 b 44. Mock funerals" f/ a2 n2 [9 |' [/ D
45. Demonstrative funerals; ], ~4 @; @1 B; M
46. Homage at burial places
, S6 {* _5 i5 ]. \
1 ~7 c' o( ^; n+ b) w5 DPublic Assemblies
5 ^8 v1 g9 F m! o7 {) b 47. Assemblies of protest or support9 L* W& U8 w5 K! r: Z3 c5 I; G& |* ]
48. Protest meetings6 i/ x% I0 B1 I; q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) M; A% i/ R" t9 K6 I, n4 i# y p; l 50. Teach-ins; \3 X% e: I$ y4 [2 O. z1 |7 u1 L# ~' `; q
; ?" J. W# P" S1 ~ d% Y
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! \! z3 v# ]7 E+ H6 J1 F% G% [ 51. Walk-outs
# ]9 t% l1 q2 F0 K 52. Silence
9 X8 X4 M$ n5 F' W$ O& T 53. Renouncing honors! H+ b3 ^3 Y$ Q. X6 f. i
54. Turning one’s back
* j" {7 j- ^1 D3 C- T) B: [2 T; T* G$ c% s# s4 E' g( K4 s4 e
% A$ e3 I" U6 a, l3 o4 q$ u' V% ^
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) @4 P$ f$ T, X: S% m0 B* o7 q# u) G, B J; \6 X8 s
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Ostracism of Persons
. n7 B) M Z% ]6 [ 55. Social boycott: F! u! K( d* }1 q, W) H$ T
56. Selective social boycott' [* P9 h- N! R2 p
57. Lysistratic nonaction M2 p0 h7 ]1 Z3 `
58. Excommunication
* ~1 G; n! i7 K+ N/ J9 L 59. Interdict. p$ n5 Z6 w! v# F+ r7 _$ G2 [
+ R3 E6 c& p) q. j: O hNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions0 H7 c. g2 O* `3 p4 t" s
60. Suspension of social and sports activities! B9 N. m9 p) h( a
61. Boycott of social affairs1 {. {$ T0 X, s& Y
62. Student strike# V8 R& ^5 }$ X+ [6 G+ U7 q% `
63. Social disobedience
) ^3 \" s, i; Z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions J L. i( a9 @- m+ \
9 R7 o& @- [& \# E5 P3 m
Withdrawal from the Social System4 r. V) q5 q1 Y: J6 L( O
65. Stay-at-home6 n- p+ T4 S: r/ k: j) a( [
66. Total personal noncooperation+ `$ t9 D) Z, `' \+ X) N
67. “Flight” of workers
! a* f- W* K6 `3 G 68. Sanctuary1 I. c9 x. K6 ?
69. Collective disappearance( S4 E j+ K+ n2 W: I, I
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- T4 a: d( N9 m6 c! w1 ]+ f/ f
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ B! ~& \& Q! d! J5 n9 O; i3 `9 k9 Y
) @8 V; N; v, h. k* t / p+ F0 x9 R/ w. |; U* K& E
Actions by Consumers
3 ~6 `3 z: x7 d7 u0 v/ [/ A 71. Consumers’ boycott5 m8 B. ~$ u- b6 c7 G. Q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 C- x# L" i0 R1 T/ m
73. Policy of austerity
" J1 z7 t9 F/ T+ p( B 74. Rent withholding
7 S* O' K g6 B" u' h4 p( R 75. Refusal to rent+ g7 G; ^; o" N" ?5 p2 N
76. National consumers’ boycott
+ e& { ]# `$ ?7 T! F" s, Z# @ 77. International consumers’ boycott3 i. B) s, O* v j
~9 I; ]/ k: S4 Z# g2 X- I
Action by Workers and Producers
$ I0 h, f' C2 K$ Y 78. Workmen’s boycott1 O" @' O( d2 u. u( ^
79. Producers’ boycott1 ?% r5 l, E6 X
8 C! ]. J5 j9 Z% g2 [( P$ ~3 v! aAction by Middlemen
; Q0 \& s# C2 W8 p$ [ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! ^' A5 H: b/ A3 x9 s9 I
, N4 y7 \2 M+ o$ o( W$ C! Z' [
Action by Owners and Management
+ h4 C8 P V- U. N$ \& U. Q. S# x+ q Z 81. Traders’ boycott, A. B W, p, ]" H$ }$ G) Z: J/ k
82. Refusal to let or sell property
( @% r: q M7 b3 g8 A3 E: { 83. Lockout6 [ X- Y4 B' {, x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 A! W( y. i+ l) v# G- Z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# d% o. e- h$ R- N0 Q* ^$ ~) U2 k+ }$ d- n& r
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' Q$ I4 G* |! @1 O, a+ n. p. B 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 |3 K. a4 K" @; P0 {5 a& ?6 \& T/ j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 D; _. x$ e+ h, f- B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: Z) \ @4 W2 w
89. Severance of funds and credit/ }9 r Q% F( i9 H
90. Revenue refusal
/ @2 D" M5 o* ^4 w5 n& b& p 91. Refusal of a government’s money
( l7 d! @1 i" R( M
$ ?: t" e7 W" _' T& t1 [# \Action by Governments/ q/ g$ G% x( O8 y) f; b' X* j. {
92. Domestic embargo
7 Q9 L) w, H9 T/ m' S5 a 93. Blacklisting of traders
: Q9 @# t4 u* y8 a 94. International sellers’ embargo1 U! u; }+ {9 B1 \* a
95. International buyers’ embargo/ L- b- u" S* j
96. International trade embargo0 o) }1 M- A, P: d: f+ f# [: S
' V! ]! ?) M' N
4 r! [ T; Y/ n# [7 `5 D! w
4 l4 |: n4 d# j1 x/ E$ y: MTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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k7 Z2 j4 M/ f/ _8 Y2 j
Symbolic Strikes
7 H# `5 H, Y0 o. ]& e' K( n8 r$ T 97. Protest strike
, m$ m; {) q2 r, ~& `6 o& G) H% Q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* e6 K; D# m' S3 }' c# i' s
4 t/ E* P* K$ J( A3 U* e
Agricultural Strikes! \2 F4 U' @+ J$ A. ^. H3 g
99. Peasant strike% O1 @: ~5 a$ ^! F0 D H* Y
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ E' R7 h: c4 b9 k$ O2 z$ S
3 f/ D/ `. R+ m1 A/ p4 [ gStrikes by Special Groups
' G, n5 K% `6 D 101. Refusal of impressed labor+ X* G5 U4 y/ F8 s3 j4 q
102. Prisoners’ strike
; j: Q0 Q# W4 a) z c! Q 103. Craft strike
8 W# @: \3 {( j; P1 v; I 104. Professional strike0 u6 E' K1 F; b0 V( U
( u: e2 V$ @( I) b$ pOrdinary Industrial Strikes
/ |6 ]% ]9 R* b 105. Establishment strike6 \. l/ g9 U: M4 C* t1 F$ J# S
106. Industry strike
( Z; o; L. Y! h2 A8 D# v 107. Sympathetic strike
6 s/ b3 m* k+ W* P4 H! y
3 T5 }. L5 [; B9 K6 T8 oRestricted Strikes
1 Q+ W s& Z }* g* n: i3 {. y 108. Detailed strike7 t7 O+ k: A/ @* Q+ g
109. Bumper strike/ q* Q3 t/ C( @" n) u/ o+ W& J0 U
110. Slowdown strike
2 M! \: ]9 O, f( D 111. Working-to-rule strike; u4 Z- m6 ^4 t# ~- J
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 z+ I" g- P8 l7 `- g8 V
113. Strike by resignation
3 }6 u" p8 J2 B, N" l; f& z 114. Limited strike# s8 L1 W o5 \
115. Selective strike3 g2 F- Z3 e7 S* s/ I( O
: G, Y( k8 |4 n$ E, _
Multi-Industry Strikes5 c- P/ s+ w' y: k3 i# T& [( N
4 I+ v! C7 w' [& \! x! c5 M
116. Generalized strike
) e0 s6 b3 k5 m5 p8 N) _7 j# m
5 K3 t0 L m, j: a4 w+ x% W+ g 117. General strike% y) q. T' n; }$ e g' |
, f( W1 Z3 a2 _. {! aCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ I) V1 P1 d K. H+ o P$ `) v3 q7 Y9 }$ A' R1 I1 R
118. Hartal
; ]# R) d4 j! r4 b2 I" O' G
1 S; X6 s. b( A6 X# @/ J! u 119. Economic shutdown
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* b. o. n. ?& J, TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* P! i: I4 j/ P- G9 P& Q
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Rejection of Authority
# k1 }3 V1 S! U7 a 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ r- F7 v' f3 Q. t* F) I 121. Refusal of public support% U! B, y3 M/ a9 F% F
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- ~* ?& Z l8 b. R# e! _/ V4 h. J- W/ H) p& t$ p Q0 L
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 M$ S0 P+ B; x1 I1 y! R6 g
123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 P# X$ S' J) d7 s% @, G6 _
124. Boycott of elections1 j" H& b0 _& b, M8 H
125. Boycott of government employment and positions9 O3 ?. b4 ?1 [3 d7 p
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 I7 q& L# n/ h. D
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 E% l& U. @8 H0 a1 @& s 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' l- M2 B* K$ G T
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 l$ V$ k! ?- H 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 x( N7 C$ l9 g6 \2 @) f: k 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 E; z4 ^, H9 y: y e
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: p( `0 q* R/ P% W8 [
: K4 n- [4 d% W/ ^2 GCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# A5 W4 Z4 }+ S( R 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 `. x* t+ g% i0 ~: F) Z+ E
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# y1 |/ K u. a$ b7 z/ r$ O 135. Popular nonobedience
1 B, e$ ~- S: r t; a5 P$ Q 136. Disguised disobedience: ?* A- b4 h9 J, `9 ~7 r
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" I- K3 J4 B! g% I3 L* r 138. Sitdown
9 n3 M' b# V- _5 z; j$ s5 r4 Q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, _( T" d' q! X% m& ~7 N+ W. S 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 n. ~1 T2 T2 k# F9 Y6 L 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 H$ [# C+ Y$ G4 B5 c( q* i* u6 f" ]) c, ]" e S
Action by Government Personnel" ]& L8 v1 m+ U9 K# o8 Q8 G% d: `
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 ^, t6 o; p! a
143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 Y% ]! a2 }+ d) }* F6 @
144. Stalling and obstruction
1 L1 k+ k) U1 y- R' O 145. General administrative noncooperation* w V6 D6 o/ B* C% x1 ^( H
4 b! u1 @# @# b$ P: d; i/ B 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 D2 H& y: h) @/ _' B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. r+ u6 D9 P q4 w5 z+ _. I" v9 J 148. Mutiny% V& u" A# R) E) B8 N0 F- A
Domestic Governmental Action
' u- R4 [7 p8 r7 t 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( f% p, Z6 J. W ^3 G, w5 F2 Y2 K 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 ~% e( V$ g$ ]" R
) D1 }% [( L+ R% A
International Governmental Action
# x6 w9 d8 E7 B, g; t0 h 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 J4 d* s K* Y8 n2 X# ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; ^* U; D' l% l4 D2 A J- {/ ]9 z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* U9 t' ^8 z3 H9 @6 @ J 154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 S N1 M: y+ {0 M% w
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% {$ I% M0 C$ j0 ^/ G 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 R9 n4 E! L" X 157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 L$ Y- V6 V0 x3 p# L& E9 }* o8 d# I3 c% v3 O/ {* n
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7 W3 ]: h3 X! |. V- b1 W* W. b" bTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
) q* w+ N6 m# K4 ~9 w( z9 J* K 158. Self-exposure to the elements( s/ N/ ~+ B( {+ a
159. The fast
% F& f0 j% |$ V, ^& { P& q a) Fast of moral pressure: X$ L. U6 f! u' C) R, {
b) Hunger strike
~1 ^( H& _1 h% n7 H4 l ~ c) Satyagrahic fast5 T c! ~6 c: {0 D: x
160. Reverse trial K# H: D6 m* i! k" O( U n$ Z$ Y
161. Nonviolent harassment
7 Q& K$ Z! T2 Q* k
6 K/ I, L* m" d( h- n; d; TPhysical Intervention
+ @7 v! h1 p$ K0 c 162. Sit-in
7 p) E- {7 `! |8 p; ] 163. Stand-in
2 R, n2 R, N/ M! \0 u& }/ _6 d 164. Ride-in
5 n9 J, l; U% V; N: W. Z 165. Wade-in
' J6 C$ Z j. u 166. Mill-in
% @# g/ Y4 P& e4 d) d 167. Pray-in
8 W$ v L- z4 K. c( i 168. Nonviolent raids7 z4 Z$ k- G2 n) p
169. Nonviolent air raids( K6 F% `! ^2 o
170. Nonviolent invasion
; v2 _% C, ]* V4 p 171. Nonviolent interjection2 X' C% ?1 ?2 C
172. Nonviolent obstruction
' f+ b' s' x7 N& E9 G% P 173. Nonviolent occupation
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3 l* U0 S& `5 k+ fSocial Intervention) V. ]' v" V" S; }* G2 O
174. Establishing new social patterns
1 O: o1 b1 q: ?' o 175. Overloading of facilities
@/ F2 V7 R& }' q 176. Stall-in1 z1 G3 L+ D5 ?/ p( p
177. Speak-in; O3 I; P% Z8 b3 J/ N2 _6 J+ g
178. Guerrilla theater
! V- v; Z+ M* [, G% b 179. Alternative social institutions( p- o2 k; [" _3 M' q5 u
180. Alternative communication system
% ~0 o' M( m u( @; x5 A! A4 ~# |
Economic Intervention
! t/ @( E+ `! \6 u 181. Reverse strike
0 J4 I2 } G5 M" h5 s, x 182. Stay-in strike
; K9 A, [- y% x' L/ ?% b, i X 183. Nonviolent land seizure' p; A4 v [9 ?& F; B, |- T" i" B
184. Defiance of blockades
3 n1 H" o$ z8 A& N% W2 }/ |! _( B 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 R: g8 S% Q- r$ b8 }- _ 186. Preclusive purchasing
1 d! [4 v& ~8 ` 187. Seizure of assets+ i& e, n. l/ E( U m
188. Dumping4 L* o2 q) o1 Z5 r6 W2 l/ T
189. Selective patronage0 }! q! q9 a0 c" q* B& G- u6 {
190. Alternative markets
) J8 k/ m% K7 S+ f 191. Alternative transportation systems
( X2 ~4 I/ k, {* ~- O- i0 m 192. Alternative economic institutions
2 y2 B2 T7 D; f8 F8 I. Q0 C2 \( z. }/ N. a4 @
Political Intervention9 ~; m' K7 j0 ?' U* t
193. Overloading of administrative systems: D0 Z3 Z& B) U
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) O4 b: t b' m* u 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 J( t* A) l1 X" s2 f& P& U S 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 r N; e0 q$ Y5 l/ v 197. Work-on without collaboration
- A4 ~4 [- ^! g% h 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. C* ]* @ W% K* K2 k
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
