 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. M# o9 w, D; b: L
Formal Statements/ P, v. \- N" B2 H, t; H8 {! T
1. Public Speeches
2 g: h- _ ]' [& G0 k% M" H/ k. m* c) c2 b 2. Letters of opposition or support
& Y4 ]! B! n/ i/ P5 u" q- t: M 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 _6 m$ U1 Z! W' g 4. Signed public statements
! F) K m1 r5 e0 Q' | u& {! ? 5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 Z- ^6 X) [; b2 }, R' M% N, r
6. Group or mass petitions
9 @* |4 f, }1 p ~7 f3 J+ w# U( r" V5 x+ K( C1 k3 s
Communications with a Wider Audience
6 D( P6 z: [6 b7 B1 s' a 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, o2 n2 Z- B" a+ a2 \4 {, F* b9 y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( A, g& R( @+ b* @9 l, H
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& [& S3 G# L1 }: O/ f 10. Newspapers and journals* u* y, Y" V+ g- A- P
11. Records, radio, and television) F% Q: m3 {' h
12. Skywriting and earthwriting; @! O, U* o, r6 j
. z3 N: `% V) o& C: s' Y% IGroup Representations
G5 b8 ]8 H% X5 Y# J" T) y* G+ u 13. Deputations8 [7 ?% g$ Y/ S& v/ N& ]
14. Mock awards
, [1 `8 D' ]" w9 f1 m+ D% w* U 15. Group lobbying
9 Q9 P( _# O% e5 N- E# x; q5 i 16. Picketing1 v# F$ I) h9 i2 J# q1 \4 L( Y
17. Mock elections
- ^7 Q3 @. q0 ]
2 g3 ]" h$ L9 r: ~Symbolic Public Acts
& z' H$ P3 z: |4 _7 B 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 r! _: B _+ c1 c B/ {8 Y
19. Wearing of symbols
; d" z, e/ X: c* W7 }: E 20. Prayer and worship" ?9 X$ P: Z: g5 N
21. Delivering symbolic objects/ |9 o2 `' P' j* E8 h$ [$ u6 ^/ S
22. Protest disrobings
4 n& {+ M2 ]4 y 23. Destruction of own property
e5 O5 |8 g: ]4 H( n 24. Symbolic lights" a9 U$ k" R8 P, X: q4 ~' a' F
25. Displays of portraits( M! Z) f4 \3 {: b
26. Paint as protest
! C: {! R$ M! B0 w- d 27. New signs and names- T" Z, {7 g5 j( z' K
28. Symbolic sounds0 I) i$ U+ y- o$ E
29. Symbolic reclamations# y4 l" F! H- i
30. Rude gestures' k* R! _, ?( k' s1 z
+ h# W; n$ \8 U. ?. \- n4 U
Pressures on Individuals
, |/ G: p. b# c$ } 31. “Haunting” officials
% \( W' M& G6 }0 Q. |! m 32. Taunting officials
! @7 g/ ^: R- J& \; m8 n" P) g! x; c 33. Fraternization
; E5 O* S& P! y/ ^% F' q 34. Vigils2 @: |7 J6 R8 L0 |$ ]6 l* Q) A
7 g$ c0 g/ G% y8 \Drama and Music
, [% p" b/ r F& p- M* h 35. Humorous skits and pranks# r- K3 `8 `2 V7 h
36. Performances of plays and music+ \! n: x6 y8 l9 u' u; l
37. Singing
# f9 H( O7 i) s. c* y' t7 W6 a0 ?1 k/ ?
Processions
2 ?' C* t9 S2 J, G5 R! I0 M 38. Marches
) B- g+ P& g; ]4 G/ h) k, F 39. Parades9 R6 z7 N0 @* ?+ Y4 W/ Z7 u
40. Religious processions
/ k8 t1 { V- H2 n' o; W3 ]3 D 41. Pilgrimages
5 y! Q- ^. N+ \' q6 y* y' F 42. Motorcades% B( _3 L& R! x( E3 \4 T
?' G2 _6 m- B: q. ?Honoring the Dead
# Y. d0 m2 @% J- { 43. Political mourning
* n: q. G9 w) a$ m 44. Mock funerals! g8 M" e- l, m1 w6 H( h: w
45. Demonstrative funerals
: V$ R+ W, A/ f+ \' o% q5 k9 A- U 46. Homage at burial places4 x5 z9 D8 e/ [. m0 ?3 Y1 _4 y
4 F) T4 S7 E# QPublic Assemblies; ]! l# N% h# T% f
47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 P" p( d* z4 q G 48. Protest meetings
( S5 |. S9 t* h4 T, x9 C4 J 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* g* W% w* ]. W- t
50. Teach-ins! v i. s" V; d& L6 o& _
: L3 a; P; w9 t# g; kWithdrawal and Renunciation7 b' ?9 T" j- Q
51. Walk-outs
3 z) E: v& A* i- n 52. Silence
3 q* Q: P: D1 }- d1 U2 Y0 O7 | 53. Renouncing honors
) n; r0 [) Y* h/ k: E 54. Turning one’s back
7 ]- c. ], e* V, b" Q- F
* g( l1 m) x: o. j e* f2 N& t0 b ( x# y8 A0 F0 f3 `6 `, l) q1 ^
; j2 C/ z, V* Y$ z% y+ @) J3 d* ?THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( g+ X3 w N- F, f1 c9 F
K6 a! p3 }5 `& O/ c
3 S- \0 S# J4 Y( W6 a0 C u# X
3 p5 }8 ~4 A- }Ostracism of Persons5 z) |8 ^* C+ j" _ }- R/ w
55. Social boycott
( r( N4 I9 Z' A; a/ v5 r 56. Selective social boycott+ v2 l# C) S% S, D0 U8 p
57. Lysistratic nonaction
, ]- M( [ p4 S5 e% N 58. Excommunication7 ?* s' n. @3 z4 r
59. Interdict
1 h( h ^* u8 C/ Q4 \6 B4 H9 I3 {7 f6 l ~4 J. A/ c9 R. V0 j
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* J$ K$ d6 e" `* ?" ]# z 60. Suspension of social and sports activities) Q4 O7 y' n% G
61. Boycott of social affairs$ m! }3 K' X% e4 N) F8 m+ S
62. Student strike
- L m3 N! ]1 ?+ P! T9 J3 X7 o 63. Social disobedience( M3 B* z. P' ?2 d; s4 G0 Z4 h
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: ~, E: w1 |( e9 \/ e# n. M5 U
) t/ ^( P# F6 O8 K' j: F$ ?2 J8 VWithdrawal from the Social System
- W8 g: z4 P, a+ F( W 65. Stay-at-home3 n0 b: h) n; m% W$ }0 p% V+ R% ~
66. Total personal noncooperation S. o* D4 k, r+ }, d/ w. v" v
67. “Flight” of workers
* `8 L$ G3 Z, M. V+ m5 b3 j3 e8 N 68. Sanctuary
' Q+ B; W' _1 Z5 r6 x9 i7 K 69. Collective disappearance# A4 \& D* u+ ]# K
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' g8 | |& |2 h3 j; j, ^: D8 M! ]! N
. j" I k6 S, x# _# L' }5 L
. i3 i# ^. M% a8 V- v
9 ~ @6 t" b; h+ | c# JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 C' h# p* t7 c! |! p9 u
$ W4 M( C2 e' D. n
. \/ S4 ^' Y' M0 X1 u# kActions by Consumers+ o2 S& w- ] e; P, u- `) y( z. e
71. Consumers’ boycott
) [+ ~ V5 e. R# Q- C. _% c 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 n; k5 x) g& M7 v
73. Policy of austerity
3 I3 Y- P- _5 e2 K- Q 74. Rent withholding
4 B p. c) @6 _# v) c! b+ | 75. Refusal to rent
" c6 n' _# ]' v, A 76. National consumers’ boycott
& ?( I! b+ k8 B, T6 A' C. N 77. International consumers’ boycott" p5 h) N7 f: ~9 V- ?
7 w5 O$ ]7 L1 Z- V5 F
Action by Workers and Producers0 y) J5 E2 O) L! G c( N$ Q) W9 K
78. Workmen’s boycott; O0 \: g% d, K4 P5 K6 u. k& z' a
79. Producers’ boycott" m& k5 o6 u. D
. S5 N1 y, `5 U9 m/ G) Y
Action by Middlemen
$ |5 T, r# j) v n: E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 M4 }, H. ^; c" P
% m! L8 S4 Z" ]& E' W6 R3 qAction by Owners and Management* u3 |% j- S. Y- u- L$ Q
81. Traders’ boycott
. j6 c& k' C# I$ i( y 82. Refusal to let or sell property
, M' K$ C8 N5 N# E9 t% w, s3 h" x7 H, @ 83. Lockout
( p" v# g7 y% \8 Y% ^/ U* Z 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
6 R& B* `: L: s# Y3 v 85. Merchants’ “general strike”, M( b) c1 D% a- O$ L0 \' x& U* J
# T' m8 o6 Z/ I7 }$ @: ~Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. D. z5 X0 w% b9 y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
2 M) Q- ]' U( q; d 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
q/ [/ b9 R- K" z0 @: |+ }* J 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& `) D1 C! Z$ h' i& b4 Y
89. Severance of funds and credit
* T T' Y6 B \ 90. Revenue refusal0 d+ K- |8 D5 j8 c% U
91. Refusal of a government’s money" @5 M6 \$ q: H: y) q. ]+ F& E( H; ]
: H9 u( X( a9 ?Action by Governments
* b, D$ v' ?% }5 C, _2 o 92. Domestic embargo
& X# l9 i6 n9 h" ` 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 i) `0 j' M6 o) }1 y7 {) [ 94. International sellers’ embargo
1 l; Q3 l o& k# A' |' a 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 {8 v. m1 W" Y% o, x: q* j9 R 96. International trade embargo
4 E! {- s& c- W9 d0 x5 z$ ?* c2 l O2 H7 {$ d5 S1 p, z2 T
* Z# u4 S8 K' }) i
j9 }0 I' p; h! V7 mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
6 K8 f( A* l( u$ Z
7 ?0 g) Y- e8 V$ U9 w
* l' J5 c. _) \9 B+ |Symbolic Strikes: n1 A9 o# Y8 @1 O3 N
97. Protest strike# ~7 D( o" {/ X7 i( ]# n
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 p4 |# {3 f' p- d5 T1 c$ Z! G
8 ?6 Z. e& V8 |2 m, ?! R
Agricultural Strikes& b! F. X- h# Y. U2 i
99. Peasant strike0 }. O+ w9 {: [. E$ c3 @: c
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 F: T- x8 U, a; P* O6 }
K- ?, B- O) [, [
Strikes by Special Groups
# I, x$ o0 P( J& c. v/ Z 101. Refusal of impressed labor4 {, c0 \7 l. [) }0 f$ M' M
102. Prisoners’ strike
& d; d4 O% W N. w& j3 d 103. Craft strike
/ z# x' I" ^- \ 104. Professional strike
% D3 c5 f9 d$ k) l7 y* E, S
7 ?3 f- | A! d- T3 @0 v$ qOrdinary Industrial Strikes) B d9 Z/ I8 l3 J. _0 j
105. Establishment strike
# A; [# n# E e Y8 K2 H2 K% A9 K; A 106. Industry strike
# j" t3 o. I8 o @2 B 107. Sympathetic strike4 |5 |( J+ d# N- r. w$ S
/ p8 c d7 L/ t
Restricted Strikes
, X$ N% d" [! w/ k' W4 d 108. Detailed strike
: e* t# `' u+ f 109. Bumper strike2 _7 A$ {# Q4 P! U
110. Slowdown strike
3 Z# x; G6 {' b- z0 P6 h 111. Working-to-rule strike
' `" C. g3 q- g$ z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ N/ b9 v: T# L1 o( X* g. r
113. Strike by resignation. k% p, j8 t* }7 J* w
114. Limited strike
* s. ]- F6 x5 j' w; X; e 115. Selective strike* c7 M/ i6 Z9 u8 h# A' V( b3 J
5 I y: d+ Z# y! _* j$ M) [
Multi-Industry Strikes
' Q# G1 o& v9 ? h: E) m# h$ w- `& o: _7 Z; ` ~1 n
116. Generalized strike
; L" z5 E8 s+ {; X7 @3 Z& [0 N( t8 g% E. V: f; S- K+ t
117. General strike
2 [) O* g. L# s/ C( n- e4 j3 P
. `$ a1 z1 k$ T1 \8 Z, u+ A/ hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 ~# l! D2 _: p
3 s2 U# a1 S& O; F3 Q% A
118. Hartal6 ~ P- N7 V% p
, M9 ^5 w1 ^! p! O0 B 119. Economic shutdown& t, ^4 Y/ E0 X I) x- Y
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9 H4 q6 Z( b A, Z, z1 h1 \& _7 x" b% k% ^: L
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
: K0 S7 [# ~) R$ B5 v. O8 r& T7 A1 F& Y
/ G/ c' x/ \$ T7 t2 N1 RRejection of Authority
' b+ b) ~' W4 M \ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 R- _ \1 x# `4 w; a. Z 121. Refusal of public support/ }" e) c% D0 A8 }8 ^6 j( [/ j
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 n( W" C5 @* |! Q% ~) h
- o7 W" x2 k% j$ lCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government# y0 }1 z4 M( n0 T
123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 i' S2 Z0 b" h6 R; @- g) A
124. Boycott of elections, b& j3 ^7 l& x2 F% C' z! k, f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# k$ N1 r0 F9 w6 S' s 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* w. t9 }- u O4 V
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, H/ _& C6 I' [5 n* s
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! X' V) m1 N' ^; @+ N 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ I8 D& p& b+ C4 Q' S
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 A+ R, _( D4 h D$ z" @4 y4 T$ q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ B) y2 D9 O: c7 T+ R$ H' c; o# J 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 P' ^6 x. X, d5 q/ \) v$ F0 k8 L+ w$ R* w; a2 L
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: _& K* R0 [# E
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. X% L w' U* h, E) m 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) S+ X2 [8 N9 J: {/ a 135. Popular nonobedience
6 o3 t, c6 e' z Z 136. Disguised disobedience
+ t/ c6 p. N$ b2 p9 `( m 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; Z9 {. g& s9 x9 U7 `9 q; n8 q 138. Sitdown' E+ m7 U# i. C1 K* O9 B
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 c9 e* {8 K' C" T1 c B# ^
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ X S5 v( t. J! G
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws/ j/ h( r1 |5 _7 Q7 ?
& y% V5 B/ C$ O5 VAction by Government Personnel7 e% B; W% g3 n* A
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 ?0 m- {( t; m! K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
- e) I$ `8 b3 m- _1 C1 G 144. Stalling and obstruction1 r, b( q5 z4 d! v, I6 p3 k% {- J
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 h; n# c. n$ s3 Y4 @6 N! g; i* O% I% T, d, U& Q
146. Judicial noncooperation
7 Y- z9 U9 z1 g4 W' u* K8 {4 B8 P5 Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' R4 _0 u, k) l! B1 u4 O0 Z 148. Mutiny1 D" s M. l& h# q0 |/ t
Domestic Governmental Action* y$ U3 p. F+ ?* S0 A
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: n) P; q! v/ v3 a; s6 P5 e 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: |: n) b0 N0 ^1 E+ U
- ~, Z( x; j8 k5 W% EInternational Governmental Action
8 W# g2 X* G" k; Z0 } 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: q; F* G) R* ] 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# F" A4 |$ n* b0 q! J8 ?- G4 u1 k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* O* @* b! a" p4 L. w 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 }! `+ d4 F8 ?0 r/ {; G2 x* X 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' O0 b- P" Y( D6 z* u3 ?% D! _ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' I6 J1 @- R' t
157. Expulsion from international organizations
4 f3 V# C) K9 t2 ?0 ]
5 L3 w! V7 b* I* R( S' z# a: T
( A& L* E& F; y8 W X k3 U3 V7 V* ]3 t" ^+ ~
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* }% \/ l5 Z+ w8 M4 B' W7 i J
2 T- d1 L+ u. i5 J6 V; ? 2 ?( b( y7 p9 c- J. q0 i* O
Psychological Intervention B$ D) n$ Z. C' e/ q
158. Self-exposure to the elements! v* }3 B( V7 q( P) z; r; [) j8 @
159. The fast$ e9 [7 p. V* o! f% t* f
a) Fast of moral pressure
7 p% z6 i b5 t5 [) q% k b) Hunger strike( N U/ }/ ~/ c. P" D J) O- j* a+ n
c) Satyagrahic fast: a* A! ]$ D2 V+ Z
160. Reverse trial
6 O7 D! G2 y5 ^+ p3 A7 w( S 161. Nonviolent harassment0 Q2 y O2 R& J3 Y7 O6 s& i
! _/ q. D+ U8 B6 ^Physical Intervention* b- y3 Q! Z! K' F3 g
162. Sit-in
& @9 l' n% v& k 163. Stand-in" J$ k; v7 Q" N) k
164. Ride-in
* d0 C: e' v; X 165. Wade-in, X* W/ i L/ h0 h# w4 L
166. Mill-in! @ }! z6 E) `& d4 X
167. Pray-in9 Z( s9 W2 @+ f1 V+ X& I+ b* N
168. Nonviolent raids8 l" y$ J* J+ z; X8 S8 S! }
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 _1 L8 d. d* s3 h/ S 170. Nonviolent invasion. o$ F/ V% W( d; r4 a. ^
171. Nonviolent interjection3 y- Z q X8 a- U' z
172. Nonviolent obstruction4 J' K! s& w0 G0 k$ i j- J
173. Nonviolent occupation
" N+ Y) e) d( b4 ~: Y) o* u) I, h4 ?- X4 i; q, }& x' ] o
Social Intervention
/ W5 J& |% ^5 D$ \9 [ 174. Establishing new social patterns! K# \" S& r0 ` r3 N* L
175. Overloading of facilities0 ?+ L4 j: i5 R- R0 s, b- o; C
176. Stall-in J- s5 e! m* ^
177. Speak-in
3 i7 S6 ]- u$ |: }- }5 m5 d 178. Guerrilla theater
* A% W( O+ d. U8 [" v' ?; g3 R8 W6 ? 179. Alternative social institutions" S( X: i3 @4 _" _6 c
180. Alternative communication system
" E I% i9 P* f2 m0 Z- }
( G4 @( j! J/ x- ^Economic Intervention$ l4 G. ?6 K; u& o
181. Reverse strike
# u5 I) }; c7 Y8 i) M$ @, Z 182. Stay-in strike$ n' w0 _1 ]: l
183. Nonviolent land seizure0 o, b! t/ g# Y# j/ F/ z$ v) h
184. Defiance of blockades5 `1 H, d" B6 p2 g3 x1 T
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" ~1 \: A* v/ {. C( y# O
186. Preclusive purchasing
; B& a; h6 Y. |( j) E y5 x2 G 187. Seizure of assets
' Z. ?& ?. Y7 { v 188. Dumping4 {5 T3 T0 E6 K/ D9 w" a
189. Selective patronage+ d' B1 M z2 a0 L/ X f$ h( w! m
190. Alternative markets
7 |, V( U& `& |) E+ W# y 191. Alternative transportation systems
. C0 e6 u6 X0 B X2 `% u 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 b3 m% }* t9 W: t: W) }, S- G5 |6 D* c
Political Intervention
+ ~- L3 n1 J o 193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ t; S0 {" u! B- V$ m 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, {1 Y. |, q% r. c7 D+ g 195. Seeking imprisonment
7 B% W! v- Z1 Y; e3 s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: c% @- \( v- K/ P1 v8 o0 N 197. Work-on without collaboration. v7 B8 k3 P$ Q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
