 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ ]1 X8 d) |. ]! Q& v4 w
Formal Statements
- F9 c$ P1 z- z$ }3 S6 D 1. Public Speeches
! ]$ z% k0 n9 B3 R* o 2. Letters of opposition or support% M/ s2 v$ R* V0 {% }7 w" I+ r, ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ V. d) e) s! R" p 4. Signed public statements+ y" U: E1 f8 b# y" w2 R4 \8 o
5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 s$ U5 S+ k2 p
6. Group or mass petitions
3 T8 d1 L& ?' _ C: g8 h6 P7 j0 k2 { E/ C
Communications with a Wider Audience
9 T) t, t8 \& ]4 z$ V; a+ c C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 z) Q: E0 k- P3 v0 }0 O+ p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- U! Y. l5 u& s# I% j s
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 l! g9 S% m, Q3 I* {' @ 10. Newspapers and journals" ~/ h/ R7 A/ H U$ s; J
11. Records, radio, and television$ V+ E. |3 \8 N( a
12. Skywriting and earthwriting% r+ V) u- P% i2 Z
: o2 R( ^( I4 ]4 K* K
Group Representations
* `4 p0 K9 z w4 Z" d8 H* ^ 13. Deputations
! q- n( U+ p, K; o0 _ 14. Mock awards/ t( f, P, @5 z
15. Group lobbying5 `0 `% T+ m. t ]; p5 L/ c8 V' G: h
16. Picketing
2 d/ x% W/ B3 L7 Q" X2 B 17. Mock elections m5 H% f" Q9 @( Y: }
7 t$ G. u4 ?1 W0 L3 z; x* u4 K2 iSymbolic Public Acts! c% @0 S9 k1 @1 A4 o
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors ]" w0 t) E3 K9 i, ]
19. Wearing of symbols
2 a0 M7 x& q4 V9 ^; n 20. Prayer and worship" r9 d% b; ], T2 M- ?
21. Delivering symbolic objects* [. s0 U5 t# j6 H' |/ J
22. Protest disrobings
& ?! A8 W* v N8 H. ^! n 23. Destruction of own property& x" Z4 ~& M1 q5 \
24. Symbolic lights( U; \' ^. d3 o; \! V
25. Displays of portraits
& N8 W/ F+ W" x/ X x) e 26. Paint as protest
$ r6 y+ V! H* v6 A) Z4 p8 R 27. New signs and names/ h7 Y' a$ j. u0 A
28. Symbolic sounds6 y& h7 Z5 e* Q) C
29. Symbolic reclamations
& q/ K& v' f7 b# v! O 30. Rude gestures2 E5 T$ c' d# M# ?8 L+ c$ q
4 R8 C* l6 _( O- X: T Y5 ?Pressures on Individuals/ w# Z. n( c X
31. “Haunting” officials
+ z* c$ E% A2 o" U3 [ 32. Taunting officials+ Y; f! M6 t: _/ w. I
33. Fraternization
- I: Q9 s1 d: F3 l% a( M 34. Vigils
0 u: F' o9 _/ {0 P8 {0 G
! \% f. b0 A1 P0 L* @" n$ E, GDrama and Music% l! W. _2 i% x$ d( h
35. Humorous skits and pranks1 g$ T m# C) e2 z2 @. Q# E
36. Performances of plays and music
( X: L3 D+ e6 [ 37. Singing' v- y3 X8 `, H
2 }) @ E: y5 VProcessions
, J* {6 e# N! T7 x5 o 38. Marches0 _, j' ]6 @% P/ s- }7 Q; x; T
39. Parades3 y! C9 ?3 p+ J' D
40. Religious processions6 y9 a( o' }/ ]2 g/ f/ w
41. Pilgrimages B) t0 w; b9 U- [6 |
42. Motorcades, I! s( s! H7 g5 E, u2 a$ A" y
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Honoring the Dead
! {" E& ]6 t7 o) d4 [/ P) \5 }5 I 43. Political mourning
, y# V/ [! }4 X$ t" j! I | 44. Mock funerals
$ R- A! |% i! Q$ j. u% ] 45. Demonstrative funerals
7 t2 J% C0 J: C8 r3 E6 h 46. Homage at burial places, j' r3 C8 o7 N5 |( q' Z
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Public Assemblies$ h' e* X% b# V m0 W1 P/ p% j% e4 C
47. Assemblies of protest or support8 `( j0 S' N( S4 q* t( i( z
48. Protest meetings( g, B* B) \3 D) \
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 Y Q9 }, R: N* L, s9 r7 h
50. Teach-ins# W X& p c! I5 e* I
% ~% U" S2 W# i/ `& w3 `5 f( l3 @- X YWithdrawal and Renunciation1 _/ \4 Z/ L& q9 g/ H2 V2 J
51. Walk-outs: b/ i; i" i, z. I
52. Silence
* C* _3 u8 z6 z1 p) m' @1 @2 h 53. Renouncing honors
9 h- e+ z4 R2 ]# Z# ^7 E 54. Turning one’s back
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7 Z5 X# c3 A) W: X: O; P
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 J/ p$ V' O! P3 l0 \7 ] Z4 A% U1 `3 ? ~1 b) U0 R$ ]! g" h! d
2 u @2 S5 `# G; U
9 z' o) D) Y9 P( s+ } YOstracism of Persons
/ \0 J: K, N3 C0 w 55. Social boycott
! d9 v& J C% B1 ~% g+ E$ X 56. Selective social boycott
, O( N1 F; z. R) q 57. Lysistratic nonaction, O/ T4 h7 g( R3 S% x; j, l
58. Excommunication4 L- w6 G. B/ d0 L
59. Interdict/ e0 c* h/ J L$ e9 q8 X
% ] R+ M* w2 G& Z* b9 ?, pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
X/ i9 s, r/ S) e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) U/ A, V, [4 R 61. Boycott of social affairs4 v9 x4 |6 I6 L+ t
62. Student strike
% V) W, k* W' x# a. ^. K: K 63. Social disobedience
5 Q0 V' O2 g& k Y/ t 64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 |! v( J2 M9 }2 z! C
5 i0 [" n8 S9 w3 E- I& K) GWithdrawal from the Social System
: r+ l0 ?$ C! T$ g! ?% D$ W, p 65. Stay-at-home
K. ?9 O J8 ]0 L! P 66. Total personal noncooperation. ?* X) x" Q) J! t; I9 T
67. “Flight” of workers
- K% A) ]! \; c& c# e, O 68. Sanctuary
- L- L/ f" H P9 T h 69. Collective disappearance
* v' ^7 H: l" P \ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ h: e) R2 \3 A6 {9 s) L
* Q9 O$ Q! G4 d% ~0 R+ o 6 i* |" Z6 o$ F6 H ]4 F* p
7 M0 A! P) L9 j5 V* {# s3 N0 ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- ?7 L+ e$ {. ^3 N2 M3 p
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Actions by Consumers
/ o# f2 u7 W) Q$ {0 @3 x 71. Consumers’ boycott
. n2 u4 q/ t5 F 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 a7 y0 [4 I I4 C: w$ S 73. Policy of austerity
$ P. _' O+ b3 I 74. Rent withholding
# C6 {5 c7 K5 L0 `" v A u; s 75. Refusal to rent
/ v; w3 Y E5 {; { 76. National consumers’ boycott
! ~: m7 p: v f6 L: a8 e 77. International consumers’ boycott
: A" U, D8 ^: g; m
+ o8 m% i& w5 \4 A; d. NAction by Workers and Producers. ]) _7 \9 f4 E9 \; `
78. Workmen’s boycott
% v# g; |, }7 ?# I 79. Producers’ boycott
. a4 [& {$ o! v4 \) A% M
7 V, p2 \* L" k0 a' q- WAction by Middlemen
7 z! N; _) c& {/ \ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ X- P0 G" s: T' P% ?+ [3 y
# v& `1 `; x% c5 ?( Q' }$ U
Action by Owners and Management
c0 e V. h8 M: ? 81. Traders’ boycott# }/ s5 L1 L& w$ E4 L: j0 Y" {
82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 d: h+ V2 c# O. S* K3 ] 83. Lockout1 v0 Z+ d+ r1 Q+ R) J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) Y# }6 o+ |7 c7 y& ] 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' O8 ]- F! J3 t4 E6 N" h4 n6 r5 \% X' N
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' F+ p. F7 c+ U! ^1 [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! M" p/ o# t5 l' h 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- Y" }) {+ k; k; y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& G6 `+ ]6 d' D/ A, g6 y4 Y# { 89. Severance of funds and credit5 }7 h C& p: ~! a7 ~
90. Revenue refusal
" S9 Z0 }! f0 I3 ]" | 91. Refusal of a government’s money
/ s& J) S \! A: ~4 l6 ?
0 J* g2 h5 n- H* ?Action by Governments
* m! n$ B9 [7 i5 }* I- a; i/ Z 92. Domestic embargo
! @6 U/ U* C. `3 q 93. Blacklisting of traders: k# ? J7 w# S' c# t
94. International sellers’ embargo
. [( i L# y4 B" F 95. International buyers’ embargo
4 I) S7 t9 ]0 Q1 a/ x' h 96. International trade embargo
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3 K- H" p# s, Y- n9 J* u0 @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
Y# A7 ~/ e. r2 M* L: T5 ?* j
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Symbolic Strikes. q6 \9 N' _: @+ q
97. Protest strike& `' V5 i- D- w- _! y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)+ ?6 w' k( c7 n9 W1 l8 n
, @ N: p9 A; S/ ~: W: DAgricultural Strikes Z' s9 U+ ~8 c
99. Peasant strike
! J* `9 {& k5 P2 A( i: \0 f7 q 100. Farm Workers’ strike, e9 p4 W. M/ w0 Y% z
( b4 t2 R2 I$ s" | h0 ?
Strikes by Special Groups
s: Y+ K, {1 s! G# E 101. Refusal of impressed labor b( f7 `) t: r, ?; I
102. Prisoners’ strike7 l' m* [+ M1 `6 i: \
103. Craft strike
, x* g1 S' w! k& c0 m8 X7 } 104. Professional strike
$ V; L- \( g9 b5 x* U' |' ~# D# K- k. C8 }, y* E; _4 T
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
, J! s$ N9 U$ e; a6 y1 r 105. Establishment strike
8 i, G. Q, ?% q: M8 B) c 106. Industry strike
2 ^5 N7 H+ w0 U& T( D: U; ` 107. Sympathetic strike, Y# O$ e! I1 E q
$ ^ \, N1 G5 F0 u: [Restricted Strikes
# ~' w' O' P- M( _8 N: \) }$ ^ 108. Detailed strike
- r3 J+ F+ J; |1 F$ o9 @ 109. Bumper strike
2 a( | q+ o' ~. u% s, I 110. Slowdown strike
# Z, L$ V0 g" `1 M5 w/ W* w. g 111. Working-to-rule strike8 C2 J0 C' d6 t4 R, [% n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 h; w& K m% a# G# i1 Q
113. Strike by resignation
( b/ y- `: p# ` 114. Limited strike
) [# {2 D3 t4 Z9 V 115. Selective strike* _! ~6 L+ F( ? r7 R6 v
8 x$ ]1 W( ^* A, `2 VMulti-Industry Strikes M& h) z t2 d3 A& A5 K0 m& o8 s
P8 i$ x% J$ M9 W" p2 v+ Y 116. Generalized strike4 S. Y1 l' f! B$ }3 |# ]* U' S
! X" G1 n; J! G* h7 `0 J! G 117. General strike
( q0 ^7 D+ c! E# g3 b, z. v9 r- A6 p% K9 {& K
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 z) P' c: N C6 p; `( b# j
3 ^4 A: k5 M4 Q7 O- g8 J 118. Hartal
- t% r! b& y' ~- x' n6 P# l" d
0 c2 `5 e3 O. O6 ~3 Z; M 119. Economic shutdown
6 t- q5 s, I5 M0 t1 ~( x" U( I1 G" s7 N, x- K7 V, J7 n+ G
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c8 q h3 j# n7 k4 l! `! x
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
/ ~, }. c7 U0 `6 Z0 U! e" \4 k5 {3 }, E2 D
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Rejection of Authority7 ~4 C2 C0 q }/ n/ c$ {, F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
, z' ^( L1 D9 h, O; N9 l3 _ 121. Refusal of public support
3 M, s2 x) x4 C7 J' ~7 R8 R, D 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' N! f! p. l/ Z7 B! i
* Z" S& x) J: b" c8 d NCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ ?% U+ L5 J' l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 Y6 c0 h5 ^* i
124. Boycott of elections
+ _: e+ n. t, \! @- }# @ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' `. t* K/ q, F1 o 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, m! P4 [1 j6 J" Y8 s9 @ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 Q4 ]' A6 |+ x5 @$ g8 Z, w* i8 K
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 o& h- Y p9 A n, z; ?
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, f' r5 ^' ^% A8 f7 C
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# Q# F6 M& g! v+ f. x$ t6 }5 n# c
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' B+ P9 ]% @" J( C" }1 b2 } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" B5 v# j9 F4 J d% o5 |) {
+ D( ?8 Y( V e9 s8 I6 [3 g' j
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, [) m0 _# v' O' T6 G$ g/ R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 a4 l/ l8 g+ Q# L5 |/ R- h! r8 ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 I& Q: Z; y+ G6 r& L
135. Popular nonobedience
9 _1 d# Z+ ~2 G1 ^9 q0 ~ 136. Disguised disobedience
$ s4 [" Q8 E- A8 P" x, N 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. `4 [2 w( T, S: p& h: Q 138. Sitdown$ r' B2 B' O+ k1 j5 x% {; [
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- p5 I" T: V7 }( d; j# e% |
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- N: ^: M7 Z4 _2 j
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 C0 a* s# I N( g* F9 P
" i( T3 i8 R% N9 W; zAction by Government Personnel. w" u g/ j6 M
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 n# e# q4 w+ R0 Z6 l 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 ^; y6 D6 c' M' y
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 g: B! ?, K5 \" a1 T2 v/ p 145. General administrative noncooperation- b/ Y& o1 p& y) x& F" p+ U# [' G
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146. Judicial noncooperation, x5 w' t; Q- i9 a% x4 ^: e
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: E( g6 N" G) d 148. Mutiny
' y2 r1 ^3 N2 yDomestic Governmental Action
/ h2 h* @$ V3 C4 s) E 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ l D0 b0 L$ g. K
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. I9 ?7 L1 \! z+ O# H* Q k
5 s$ ?) Y0 Q6 V. AInternational Governmental Action6 o' e5 C; p) I: r/ l: m! U
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; D( i- ~+ N# y1 g) o
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
E% {) m8 V( E/ A8 n+ ^6 { 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 c: l- L0 X. Z& h 154. Severance of diplomatic relations: T& K" ^+ N3 S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 g9 P0 F; B9 N0 |2 t 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ ~7 c8 e1 P- A. o4 I1 z
157. Expulsion from international organizations* u9 _% P6 j, E: O1 f. T
2 x: x; v* k' W 5 _3 {! ]% s$ m9 }
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 V, z5 B% W* w) i) @! }# o9 }/ h
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* S( c" a% G, @/ b! r
Psychological Intervention( S4 ~" y$ e& d
158. Self-exposure to the elements/ S# x) A+ L) B1 b0 q! [$ b
159. The fast0 m$ d+ O0 _ [$ ?1 H( H
a) Fast of moral pressure
; P7 [" _* y+ _8 M' l* n. W/ q' s4 l# r b) Hunger strike* S/ s- [# J8 q/ n
c) Satyagrahic fast3 m; [; K0 k3 u1 W6 `! }4 @2 ^6 s
160. Reverse trial" J/ g4 O5 n8 A5 X" e% n
161. Nonviolent harassment4 Z" M9 M1 b: ]
+ o' p: K9 Q3 N6 _# g% k, j3 l) [1 u* ?
Physical Intervention" C+ }. [2 t5 e/ o7 a4 @
162. Sit-in
. I( K4 i* g, W 163. Stand-in
5 C6 O/ U8 J7 O& @" y* r5 s# o 164. Ride-in
L# T1 W0 b, r! X# j4 d1 I: A 165. Wade-in4 j5 A0 l# d P6 T8 `
166. Mill-in
e X( I( V% _7 e2 _2 `! t/ }( c7 u 167. Pray-in
, ^2 I( ?& O& A) B9 f1 k$ i 168. Nonviolent raids
3 m0 f' k. m+ s j* a: r) W 169. Nonviolent air raids
& @/ a; [" t, T! L; F" y ?9 n 170. Nonviolent invasion
; p' @ z0 \4 Z2 u2 ~8 n- ~' Z$ V 171. Nonviolent interjection
2 ^- e8 p1 e! m; q$ p, P; ? 172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 e$ z4 F) Z8 q5 s1 N, P! N4 r- d6 t 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention+ L$ ^% ^; s, \4 p
174. Establishing new social patterns+ o/ K( h6 V2 Z" O8 C: N
175. Overloading of facilities
6 W5 R, S4 Q, J. A6 T+ c 176. Stall-in. k4 y% k3 D; Z r+ v
177. Speak-in9 A5 c7 v+ T( g( @$ P
178. Guerrilla theater
/ s* ^ b" ~4 I% W 179. Alternative social institutions
7 @8 Q) u3 b9 G" l 180. Alternative communication system/ u7 I6 Y; C3 t- H, V
! M/ i1 v. p9 vEconomic Intervention4 `- B! U4 E6 D/ N: k- a, X% E" L
181. Reverse strike
/ Y- |% A% S0 m: x 182. Stay-in strike* B7 F- w, s8 q. ^5 S3 C/ f" _8 I
183. Nonviolent land seizure3 t" W, {, d+ h: R2 M0 Z7 M0 c
184. Defiance of blockades6 x" K. D% i. s% S
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" i; }5 k( F0 e5 q7 p
186. Preclusive purchasing
& g; Z; z3 b0 W& Z _" g 187. Seizure of assets
3 |& D0 w# E: F/ `) R; ?* {1 j5 n 188. Dumping
9 b! G& g- j3 v# v5 m 189. Selective patronage
5 U0 s$ R( D* U' } 190. Alternative markets& G! P8 o; D: ~6 `
191. Alternative transportation systems
x9 s0 ]) h# } 192. Alternative economic institutions- {* u* [2 ~8 ~; F) d A
0 I3 \ n# l) M8 ^% n: X+ `; [Political Intervention
5 x6 O1 `3 y9 _& k0 a, f3 u 193. Overloading of administrative systems6 O3 g5 a8 z( d9 ^
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 c) R, y6 h' o
195. Seeking imprisonment
. t' V7 [/ F+ K! K% g5 u 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 w/ {1 P4 e( H9 \ 197. Work-on without collaboration
; Y; ~( i0 Y+ y2 Z/ t7 y3 z: Z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: Y& S2 D5 b4 N4 r
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
