 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- u! [, q2 `9 o& {) H
Formal Statements! p x6 Y3 C. N0 G7 L* l
1. Public Speeches C; @0 s3 p5 n+ y2 c+ F
2. Letters of opposition or support1 v e4 u* ~! F+ N* e
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# p( F9 @2 L# J. Q6 a2 h! W: j# p 4. Signed public statements: z4 [4 n- f) O: o
5. Declarations of indictment and intention) J* K( I1 ]. c; q
6. Group or mass petitions2 D6 I9 Y" i5 _
) f0 y2 B9 i+ n7 h! G. Z
Communications with a Wider Audience% Y" S5 a! y7 G. K: z
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- N3 V$ M8 Y% H* g0 q, R7 D+ l 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& d- e, S6 a5 w6 z* o6 i 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ k N7 r& I/ [3 K* b* u 10. Newspapers and journals% p4 I2 ^, I0 @/ K# g1 l. m9 V
11. Records, radio, and television
% w( t- ^* [) ^* X! A$ O 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* N3 Z8 g2 B C, I( Y' z/ @; N* ~* S! I& \+ S! F3 W2 m& v
Group Representations
( \6 \2 h- Y, q3 {: K: k 13. Deputations) s( X+ ?1 D$ L2 J4 g g
14. Mock awards- V$ h1 @/ ]# Y0 f" k! i
15. Group lobbying+ z+ w' K% l! j# R* l: P/ h
16. Picketing$ d7 O( k/ [7 R, v1 F O
17. Mock elections
4 u# L+ [2 @) d( _) e- q/ R+ ]5 l# X
Symbolic Public Acts
. k- ]" U% d4 S! J7 @ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 Z! j& ]; D( K
19. Wearing of symbols
" L* ]- Z1 T9 T) ~ 20. Prayer and worship
- X9 f5 D h( J( A3 ? 21. Delivering symbolic objects" _. ^% n4 k G- p- ]+ f5 a
22. Protest disrobings
1 j8 A( T4 J4 t1 \5 K7 @3 I 23. Destruction of own property L6 t* d& F8 G. o% V( O5 k
24. Symbolic lights
: L9 o( }3 q) P2 K 25. Displays of portraits
5 `3 i, e' O- S# i 26. Paint as protest
; K$ O6 k4 X x7 e% ^* s! A- B3 ~ 27. New signs and names# |& B' ` l, V5 O) m: Q
28. Symbolic sounds
3 G9 n/ _4 b' J1 e 29. Symbolic reclamations
) c( d% L" Z- l* ~ 30. Rude gestures% k+ o. L6 n7 t8 H, M/ ]6 {: [, i
& P7 R; F, s* f; ePressures on Individuals$ Z: g [& t) s* l2 o
31. “Haunting” officials7 m& d) x7 V" ~) N1 W) b
32. Taunting officials
2 M4 c- M, @3 T. f5 H 33. Fraternization
% j$ p' V/ ]" h! B 34. Vigils% i& _2 \5 J" b3 k, l; a
9 Z3 V1 M/ x+ N+ _Drama and Music
% k0 J; t0 ~! x3 f, Z2 b 35. Humorous skits and pranks- l6 v2 ?! B/ u+ y! K
36. Performances of plays and music# C1 [* r _* j E) g- s0 g: p
37. Singing/ T1 e' m* M9 s( Q; _/ u! H5 Z
N: C1 W0 m" CProcessions2 r1 F7 x" x% F" |) T
38. Marches
7 T7 i8 R. v* o; k# Z$ B: } s 39. Parades" g) q; l6 ]5 w
40. Religious processions0 B) c0 n2 q- N0 H2 f6 g
41. Pilgrimages. K- a- v; Q; E' U( B" ^+ i* r+ l
42. Motorcades
' K+ G5 k1 a0 p9 D" P C! x, r& J
* r' @1 o8 j6 ^# Y& |) ^* g6 qHonoring the Dead; e& b" e2 E0 t; d6 a3 i
43. Political mourning
1 A$ V x7 v$ x1 I& T 44. Mock funerals; v! K7 @- C; ]5 G
45. Demonstrative funerals
5 U, O/ _5 B9 g- K( W2 j- q/ f 46. Homage at burial places$ @0 k1 ?6 Q" V+ ]( K; C) q0 I
G, @9 l' h0 l" u2 uPublic Assemblies' W4 n% ?7 c+ d: W8 l
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 v- o( g8 ?8 M0 |8 d& M$ \
48. Protest meetings
% |9 Q% x/ X8 p/ P C- ^ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; g, B3 c* T) Q$ }+ l2 X' O# h* t 50. Teach-ins( b; V* R2 O- n. F! c
( W+ ^2 h1 ^ L
Withdrawal and Renunciation
& ]- f' q: O/ c, f$ _" P1 r 51. Walk-outs; D/ F* [( a# ^8 y
52. Silence5 E2 f" P8 ?2 y, a) Y* e- P! B9 \
53. Renouncing honors% v1 |' G2 S/ X- q& O7 \
54. Turning one’s back8 R+ e1 c8 {% O
; F) Q4 R8 ]9 ], V5 K; g. @5 o
0 C* A* X, Q6 m2 E
$ \6 u$ M$ z3 ~2 Y, VTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, G3 |: H2 W" s0 I( ?# X3 Z
' c/ r% j& ~4 ?8 p+ J/ N9 M( V& |
1 ?) ~" |( Z0 M; D, x" h7 _; `& m O4 e. c) Z. {+ ]
Ostracism of Persons
+ a) V6 ]& ~' Q. L 55. Social boycott1 n- S+ l( h5 l3 Z$ N7 f. b& s4 C8 a) L
56. Selective social boycott+ i& ~# O q8 D& v
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; @5 @- G8 d) T( j) a, y: ?+ { 58. Excommunication
L5 d2 ~& _. k4 z- {6 ?/ B) E 59. Interdict4 W9 \% ?+ ^+ i' `
8 M* `" c: n: h; FNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ l# V/ \" r4 ], c1 C 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, \) Y3 p+ s3 B# h) l5 W 61. Boycott of social affairs0 l! k+ ]3 @; I p0 @# H) P& q5 ~2 x
62. Student strike
& r9 [* }! w) [6 m 63. Social disobedience q. E. `6 @0 u. Y8 a3 v4 L
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! g3 ^9 y5 S+ ~& A; v& B$ c: f0 i q6 w3 _5 y- [: h4 [
Withdrawal from the Social System
2 N) e: x) o" L; t' B 65. Stay-at-home
1 f* Y- G% u2 L% Q1 ] 66. Total personal noncooperation: l2 s, N) J+ S7 r- D- _' V
67. “Flight” of workers
- y: T% _8 D; h+ u0 M( p" X 68. Sanctuary6 X0 o* k$ D8 f. ?/ i9 [" }4 w: D& z
69. Collective disappearance3 P) h% \" p! N; e0 M
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
' e0 ]& l3 s% d
: N1 Z1 Q- E/ J& K" v+ ^( W% {) s
8 `$ _/ m& j$ A
4 |$ Q( S+ B/ ^7 A8 g: e0 pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
) I5 F0 ]' x. j
* V- R+ P7 P3 r, n) p % o" R# K8 r8 K2 X9 g- A4 m
Actions by Consumers D( B0 E- r2 r+ x# O2 ]
71. Consumers’ boycott
; j. z$ t0 a+ F1 i5 B9 N: y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 @! w, c, t; \$ o7 O9 U; R5 ?+ o 73. Policy of austerity
* s U! P x" v$ Y1 E 74. Rent withholding: l' n x- C5 s, _! c+ J
75. Refusal to rent
' t2 \* E2 O8 I' ] 76. National consumers’ boycott
~ X, w7 p) ~ Y X# Q8 e 77. International consumers’ boycott
4 A8 _7 O0 u# [
, F+ u' V: E3 X3 X _Action by Workers and Producers
' |0 ]9 V' ]$ `6 u0 [ 78. Workmen’s boycott
7 u$ B/ {1 `* U. I7 \( \9 B 79. Producers’ boycott5 u9 R0 K8 I' P6 F, q0 q1 u
4 T0 O( x3 u. S; o S7 z) U
Action by Middlemen
( s& Q9 q" f, S7 D' \+ r 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- M" D3 i# B3 w2 k5 d8 O5 s
6 {! f2 r3 L$ T" l0 A" zAction by Owners and Management+ }2 C1 o! [/ o" f
81. Traders’ boycott
8 `5 P* L6 A- r, z5 G d 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) j9 a- W' Z+ ]9 f; K* q! c* S) N 83. Lockout
- a; y. T& i f& z v6 L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 E* s; f. b, Y; h2 |8 { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 d; j! U. c' ?# m% m- Y4 Z& F4 a6 n
8 R. ?0 T+ I- u8 A( DAction by Holders of Financial Resources6 y( C) d( {) T& O: |
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: v" L( {; C4 x0 {4 U0 o: ~
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' P6 N0 _$ V2 E) r" b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 `& Q: V, O: t$ U$ }, f- Y
89. Severance of funds and credit& T$ ]' m5 R( n5 _
90. Revenue refusal& a0 R% U% i, `/ x9 Q! W
91. Refusal of a government’s money
# y) d( F8 a u( E/ U, x) W$ i7 h5 Z3 l* W+ G9 O6 V& X2 Y9 m5 ~
Action by Governments5 [6 p: x& W! b2 X
92. Domestic embargo
$ `6 n& Y% x' @ 93. Blacklisting of traders
4 j& G- O) [6 A: f 94. International sellers’ embargo( _$ E* P) O, ^- z; @: v6 G
95. International buyers’ embargo
$ S9 Y, M0 |$ a* V 96. International trade embargo' \+ q5 y8 v/ \% Z
5 x, G5 t# S& Q1 D
% @4 h" V: ?* N1 V7 X% d8 }/ ?
- c' d; i2 ~: ]( B3 YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. T$ z4 B* c; s3 o& A: u( W F# A# n
8 x* ] n( v2 |" p+ d0 dSymbolic Strikes
+ R" O; `$ [! z) x* b2 c 97. Protest strike" e0 ^1 `2 E2 E9 I0 ~9 c
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 }+ h! r/ ]- _& S& c: u
! r) e; ?8 W: f5 ^Agricultural Strikes* ?6 A% P+ \% _7 |% i
99. Peasant strike& c) ]8 x4 _+ ]4 V+ U
100. Farm Workers’ strike( O3 o% Z4 K9 ^2 U( f$ O
1 R# ?% F1 r& K5 }0 r1 {0 X& A
Strikes by Special Groups
% E. L- D6 \4 X& Z; c 101. Refusal of impressed labor6 k {2 o, k. P- C2 {# O9 D) P
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 w) ?3 I, y$ u8 U) ` 103. Craft strike
5 [* a2 ^! ?9 Y/ h, A 104. Professional strike
' B$ ?* H5 h+ ?1 `2 I
" i+ K* Y: ?/ NOrdinary Industrial Strikes
3 c4 R" d( L, k/ R, O+ r 105. Establishment strike
4 [6 H6 C6 Q/ @# G1 X) t$ n$ ~ 106. Industry strike
. k9 u5 A8 V/ D8 `, x7 W" p 107. Sympathetic strike
. r$ j; U8 P6 S2 Y! V/ n
, N O" Z0 }$ Q A8 c9 k0 cRestricted Strikes
4 D' u6 Y, q$ V7 O2 R 108. Detailed strike
% H( Y! l) F+ W0 J, A 109. Bumper strike
0 {' Y6 G: X6 e, ]; w" o) C0 J 110. Slowdown strike G- f% _. V! H2 g7 S4 q
111. Working-to-rule strike |7 j& o7 s- X# m2 j
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 L. }+ d$ }4 f C+ Y0 O' Q 113. Strike by resignation
' i" K# S$ X/ w. N& {/ m; _, d 114. Limited strike
3 t/ r" B# z0 W: Z& N( q; g/ h 115. Selective strike3 `( ]0 ~6 R/ O# w( q7 l
( S& l- S* F' C% K) Q8 R/ C1 G4 i
Multi-Industry Strikes" w7 f% a* N/ p+ e! P
# x- [/ `8 w# _
116. Generalized strike
, z5 v' T1 n7 d1 b7 h. V
7 X# Q( Y5 d! w 117. General strike
! R' _+ z2 Q1 Y* ?$ k" O! L% P ` o% r" ^! a/ _* C$ p
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ y; b1 D) E+ j9 |
8 ^2 K4 I M3 r$ G0 Q- C$ X0 ]9 [ 118. Hartal
- @' m# i- J) J3 v, e
4 ~3 s8 c' O/ b0 V& J) M 119. Economic shutdown
8 p; s/ B& S# W8 v! X0 J( I( C5 a/ Y3 I9 V
, |% E, H/ \) v0 j9 ?
; q4 Y, v C, _5 R! w; U+ n/ k
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 o. n3 `$ U' L2 u2 Y. q( ~
3 @; e" m0 d2 B- Z0 Z . |% s- d X" e" A: p# w+ B
Rejection of Authority
y: U D3 R( F" T; p+ } 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! p: X) F7 O' q" y: [& S 121. Refusal of public support' z- `9 l, v% @5 I1 x" o# p7 Y, x. ]
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ W/ \3 V% S0 O2 l4 `0 e* B `- g$ n w X; ?! A4 X
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- e) Q2 d5 c1 b, l, _- V4 |4 |
123. Boycott of legislative bodies( O) h0 W5 G7 Z' ~+ ~' h
124. Boycott of elections4 o! u! p' Y' o- B
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
/ D. B# R5 K5 ?) Y' e! n$ X 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 G3 q: P4 P( Z! W. A. {6 \0 t
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- Q& q7 [( N0 d8 h, O& c 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 J: o, [. H; O5 Y2 I" ` 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" Z2 n' `/ s+ q7 \; T' _$ r
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. J) l5 K7 w8 T7 w7 q7 O: ~2 R. _
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 c% x9 g) |5 \( p3 k+ w$ V 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# N* @+ z- S4 S9 L5 j" h
7 r& A7 |) n' y. r. CCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ ?" B9 n3 O+ \$ Y: w7 ?
133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ R, u% p6 b+ ^' x' r
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 B) F5 Y$ i! k, r% ?) C 135. Popular nonobedience0 a" U: |8 F! K/ n/ K; n7 Q( }5 s
136. Disguised disobedience+ w0 C6 x* F0 {: S! F
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- `* c8 o: P* J* d: s6 {% |
138. Sitdown
& k" c* y; l: I 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 o3 t8 v7 M) v& k0 ^2 i% C
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' q! O' C+ U3 f1 H9 M; I8 b) k 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) z8 Z# ~7 ?& R: B$ r3 G
8 ?+ }4 @6 z# GAction by Government Personnel
% t( S$ ~: X) o" g( S# E 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# r! o9 {; @0 p- H/ L: k
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
4 i- W5 o/ o* ~& S, u4 `# x0 @ 144. Stalling and obstruction
4 ^9 o7 P% ^; ^: {( z 145. General administrative noncooperation
; q+ s' n D2 P1 r2 r$ g8 p" [! k* C2 g# ?$ i5 H4 f
146. Judicial noncooperation+ w( }5 h+ ^+ [4 d8 ]
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& K& j; w2 f* S; V9 w) x 148. Mutiny5 P* r( e+ L$ E' _/ H( W6 g# M
Domestic Governmental Action
! k& t/ O/ j' m! U- A9 z- b. Z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: `% M) x K* i% b7 J) I0 U( A
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& H* I5 K# ?! {9 f) p( C+ a0 H
# G y4 I% e) [9 E' i
International Governmental Action' J" }( y, [1 T9 M
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: |* X8 z9 ^% i 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- q1 Q# `) O l3 v: Q9 V
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: F1 S% T3 s9 q& {% T, Y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( |) o9 n4 v7 R. o: L" Z- v H 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 W/ ^" h' M( R8 P" Y* d 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ A# D8 P& C, k" f
157. Expulsion from international organizations
/ x) o( J) C& w0 C: v* R$ g0 i* m/ E9 ^3 w, U5 T0 @/ {/ B: D, n$ o% P
" f, f; k7 A3 k
3 T" c1 `" S5 F! CTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
' ~9 {; L7 E2 \ v; q6 z% I" ^- _ e- Q. G% R+ C& D% W( M+ ?
: i. e3 y, O8 N. c( A; C# ?Psychological Intervention5 C1 [) C" ]- z/ r0 Z/ h
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- j0 k7 B1 F) p& x8 J 159. The fast8 Q: b* e* a2 l( }9 g0 f
a) Fast of moral pressure1 g& U/ N- F) ?/ O
b) Hunger strike
/ q/ G9 L' N& Z6 ]5 c0 o c) Satyagrahic fast# B6 |1 ]' f! }) @- Z
160. Reverse trial' p2 g* s2 z' Y5 Q2 C- a
161. Nonviolent harassment
. k( B- r' e1 U2 n. ?2 y+ I
, X* S8 V9 X& n& M1 @, nPhysical Intervention0 p @2 t7 m& E
162. Sit-in. ?( B" W$ @. G
163. Stand-in6 a/ m5 p7 ?6 w" V3 M, J9 \
164. Ride-in0 ^' R# \% g' s9 a/ S0 R: g
165. Wade-in
$ p9 C+ J3 Q+ L o- ? 166. Mill-in
: ~6 u/ M# D6 D6 P7 B 167. Pray-in6 _: l4 \6 ~7 a; p# Y1 e5 J
168. Nonviolent raids
( }+ ~7 R! O* x. e" ^* o 169. Nonviolent air raids
0 m! d& q$ h' o' s5 L; X. @ 170. Nonviolent invasion
8 F# _' `4 O: T9 n 171. Nonviolent interjection% a$ ?) [# H1 u0 V/ o
172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ W& |" J7 H( t- e: j5 K. A 173. Nonviolent occupation+ X6 z% o5 @% f
8 Z- E+ ?7 M2 G- h- ~9 M. ~1 QSocial Intervention4 M# D5 \4 C, ~; `6 z- u
174. Establishing new social patterns
o$ Z; D) y" F 175. Overloading of facilities! L7 ], _5 s5 l b
176. Stall-in
J- Q( z& g7 ^- Q 177. Speak-in7 d6 W, X2 W# F* ~
178. Guerrilla theater
" k. G# I$ `9 M. ]% H; H, x 179. Alternative social institutions
/ S$ g; T0 f4 d6 ` 180. Alternative communication system' o# y' O+ g3 x' i, }9 {
- b% E1 H" e9 c3 O) s: {4 B
Economic Intervention
* i1 u# o0 U. }6 X1 w) W) Z 181. Reverse strike) H/ c% r$ a! s; o+ t: ?0 Z
182. Stay-in strike9 ?7 G* b1 k8 }) L" l
183. Nonviolent land seizure7 @1 }; q/ d* ?+ X
184. Defiance of blockades
( m$ B8 s% V2 d( z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting) F# i9 k8 \9 N6 [- B$ t5 S# T
186. Preclusive purchasing3 a( s0 Q5 y X. H
187. Seizure of assets
& v2 z4 g. r! S; j0 g 188. Dumping+ M# G6 O( S) K- q2 b, X7 a! o
189. Selective patronage
4 D5 V0 Z4 t9 k# ]- e: c% c 190. Alternative markets1 P& r$ i% W- o
191. Alternative transportation systems# D1 ]& C2 s2 v$ Q2 ?4 e# I- Y
192. Alternative economic institutions
: ]0 \7 f. q/ ~% G
; S ]8 p% p. iPolitical Intervention
- N7 w, t) Z" o, L0 ?$ {4 j 193. Overloading of administrative systems
( f; r- E3 o2 y* W. v/ D% ?7 ^3 g3 \ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( ]+ Z* g8 E- B& S) p" x 195. Seeking imprisonment
. z! h. d7 ]# O r 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: Q: c% c. d1 B G* U2 a 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 H# q" q. M" \0 J [+ e 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 |% q9 c' R0 u/ O+ X9 a
5 |( v/ w4 a3 T, F- L |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
