 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: ~: ~( F n1 K
Formal Statements
' n' q5 z1 C( I) u7 Y 1. Public Speeches
5 R* Q3 G4 h5 m; `0 z, X# B 2. Letters of opposition or support
& k/ ]3 \: w0 G; }( v# ^4 L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% J }" r' c7 x; s3 U- B 4. Signed public statements9 N- t( ~# F3 c/ a6 J6 C6 w
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 k( Q6 s* @+ ^& Z5 z) d 6. Group or mass petitions
; a" }& `, I: }& z6 u: Y h: W8 `: s- i) [
Communications with a Wider Audience
/ Q' }! _& f( i 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 X/ \4 f+ m7 [3 Y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( U1 a, T1 x J g+ D" N5 _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 J) j* D& R' o5 U8 G 10. Newspapers and journals: [2 G8 S, J. i7 F
11. Records, radio, and television/ g0 C9 R; T- l$ v: h
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 @( G, l9 q( x/ W# D; S* q# B4 j; q% r
+ E# s; f1 {! @2 _Group Representations4 t6 @. {& J/ w
13. Deputations- G8 M( `8 D% J+ r& n
14. Mock awards
2 Q- R6 {; D& `0 b r 15. Group lobbying+ `1 l: i* |- f9 p n6 b! z0 A" k
16. Picketing: g( j% U! s+ x+ V- j
17. Mock elections4 I ]4 c0 K Q% t' B4 b
: @( `' I' @- @3 h
Symbolic Public Acts( |" ~4 T* d) K, p3 f, |3 H: r
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! C- F+ B3 j7 y2 |% Y
19. Wearing of symbols1 _' U) e2 m) g. a% [; I# K/ M. u
20. Prayer and worship
2 C) C7 \: t( v L# A1 u" k 21. Delivering symbolic objects( U. M7 ^' |: p$ G4 z: N
22. Protest disrobings" K) ?, Y/ o) E d0 w
23. Destruction of own property
. b, s' B5 I2 T 24. Symbolic lights
V L% q, H5 \ 25. Displays of portraits2 c7 `/ U! I' h8 ]5 `
26. Paint as protest
" O6 s& g7 j- ]2 }; O8 O) R# D4 v 27. New signs and names
; S$ \0 r! l6 h, W 28. Symbolic sounds
' P9 W* `# @' |3 \9 e5 }* E 29. Symbolic reclamations
/ I; t( T# g) G3 K3 y& T0 V5 M2 c& | 30. Rude gestures( E- p( x% D; `5 r8 n* n
1 T4 s/ O* s( ^Pressures on Individuals
3 {) V* ? ^6 E 31. “Haunting” officials
, p. m9 u% s+ K- b/ w9 c2 U' _# k+ Y 32. Taunting officials! \. a3 ]) l( }
33. Fraternization4 V, g$ E. q" C' Q# K2 g
34. Vigils
4 t7 {9 H# O6 o; t/ I% \! F0 i# z5 n
: @' D% P* g, L1 p" u- WDrama and Music {0 q4 Q) Q5 a& |/ x$ H
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ n5 ]! z. B* i
36. Performances of plays and music
2 l) ?0 O8 d1 D: o8 `5 c' s* V 37. Singing, C! _' }! L; V7 d* O* l
8 l) q) A% k( h4 YProcessions
) {1 h: I' Y3 X! r3 } 38. Marches" b/ N3 d6 c( R f' c8 }
39. Parades# N _! ^* K9 M0 v4 `
40. Religious processions
1 Y, ^* S& x( z3 ?8 g# n& L; w! u 41. Pilgrimages
( n7 ]' ?% O- @6 P& i. z 42. Motorcades
6 z5 z b8 ~6 O W3 h1 S1 D/ Z, p r
J; d$ B% a% p: z2 D& \1 BHonoring the Dead
/ w) I0 f, K: |0 h- ~8 M/ V @* Z 43. Political mourning
- k$ b; O( t& |! [/ q& V, J& M 44. Mock funerals$ D! T e3 V- p8 I' I% y% L( O# ^" X
45. Demonstrative funerals% z) v( c$ c `0 `
46. Homage at burial places
' H8 H, Y' ?6 L% r, {7 F. x. d" R! X; r, g* S! H2 g
Public Assemblies( |( g( C& N z+ `
47. Assemblies of protest or support
|+ [# C2 S) |& i/ J 48. Protest meetings
8 P4 w# D8 h [3 T) a% \, S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" D& i( e9 c' e1 X( Q% _! W 50. Teach-ins
/ U: m: ?* I! t" b: u/ ]. p1 d$ T( d+ E. L" Z% N+ c8 H2 z ]
Withdrawal and Renunciation/ o; k# W. i, g1 ?2 h% a1 {
51. Walk-outs8 O+ U, N. ?+ [5 R: Y% ~ d6 l
52. Silence
* p( D. F8 c1 a6 ] 53. Renouncing honors
8 K3 [7 g6 P* m; }2 d 54. Turning one’s back, S1 B- O2 f+ i- a$ b, W0 X6 P
4 t- t4 h# `& `- d! I# X6 e0 n
7 @0 v- P2 T0 B4 k: {& q
! B. @7 w9 a. l" W$ z: tTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( [2 i0 K1 G; i
2 l# f* I1 `; b5 Z
, r P) F* e! T% z
9 P+ Q7 p D1 f$ Y) R4 lOstracism of Persons" ~5 I r; L) P9 |9 x. N1 M) W
55. Social boycott& F1 k' d4 y; \% L. Z. S- o2 N t
56. Selective social boycott* N1 Y8 {. l! \2 Q, a
57. Lysistratic nonaction
* U) n" {; ?) a 58. Excommunication# ?& R5 v, P" e. U1 H2 {5 _
59. Interdict5 D$ X" r- N& X% u, g8 w& E$ [
6 z* I: f& N! R' K3 l' O) ?+ W2 E0 VNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 @4 [+ c5 i! {9 o 60. Suspension of social and sports activities( t3 D/ g, U8 n4 n7 Y, q/ @
61. Boycott of social affairs3 ]* S5 K M- V5 g
62. Student strike
; D( H+ B7 U W& M1 o5 b7 ] a 63. Social disobedience$ E6 l& x+ Q3 h% C" i" ?* ^
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* y1 \1 M- O9 S
" p; S" n8 ^6 ]4 L1 n1 [4 h* cWithdrawal from the Social System/ c7 k- Y u7 p' \8 G2 V( _
65. Stay-at-home0 t6 j6 g8 j, H: J1 Q" {+ [
66. Total personal noncooperation! U# c, p% Y- P; t2 c+ j
67. “Flight” of workers
" S7 R, n: v) r 68. Sanctuary1 {$ O$ z+ X- _
69. Collective disappearance
; s, f) d& D- c9 M* B7 U6 u 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" ^( O7 m4 O* y4 T4 Z/ j# e
8 `/ j0 j6 }' A7 N/ Q: C
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2 x# `4 \; D% H hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! R( C1 b6 J- H# O/ {/ W
A |; \) j$ n1 j' }" Q, \
. W B, u' |' `4 |Actions by Consumers
% c4 n- q: i: ]# s9 H5 V) R! M) L 71. Consumers’ boycott
- K6 T* G8 M7 z. n; { 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 x- a" l$ s5 U/ D3 B2 Z1 _
73. Policy of austerity
& t' k) A$ r0 y% V 74. Rent withholding/ B# `) d( a' O, o U& `$ h
75. Refusal to rent
9 w, {5 J5 G7 F5 D) x* [1 X0 G. N 76. National consumers’ boycott
m9 d5 }" Y% z 77. International consumers’ boycott9 |- \1 ^4 X, V
2 T4 k& v# |6 \9 d ?
Action by Workers and Producers0 c* q5 @( J) A) V
78. Workmen’s boycott
; L/ Q/ r B- a! M1 L 79. Producers’ boycott
/ ]0 h5 D; L! A; @8 }+ c" P$ H5 r8 ]. {/ V: ?
Action by Middlemen
/ |, B. a6 I1 ~% A 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 `; N/ Z: T1 s# g/ }
- {* s+ ^) J% o- \( SAction by Owners and Management
5 ]& Z8 J% z/ }- {9 t 81. Traders’ boycott5 L& U: A4 \9 e% i; W
82. Refusal to let or sell property4 k+ z" a% M) c7 j* G8 ?! M) _
83. Lockout+ j/ {* S. {- [5 P, M
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 i; Q! c: ^0 B& |9 ? j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 U2 X) A1 G9 K5 D. h
' p, J+ t: P0 U5 D7 O, b% ]
Action by Holders of Financial Resources2 Q# g1 l. `( f+ |
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! ~, i- K2 G6 s3 t+ d* U3 t
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" R; k& _; I1 u+ d* c, p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
v+ @* x# ~* p8 p% \ 89. Severance of funds and credit+ l+ N" y+ e7 t7 C" M: s- ]
90. Revenue refusal* p7 l S& q6 z# d9 y: z' J* [+ W4 ]
91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 W3 H0 `7 Q! A) K
! u0 Y& U( B) z. G) w5 T3 t0 CAction by Governments. r" W5 O! W/ z6 {2 ^/ [- C
92. Domestic embargo5 f% y1 o7 d6 j8 O- z; v) r: Z
93. Blacklisting of traders
( H8 ^& ^: T- E+ ~ 94. International sellers’ embargo C( E v0 L' p/ E" U" A
95. International buyers’ embargo; X( z8 ~. b$ V1 X& P+ I2 e* \* J3 S$ q
96. International trade embargo& W' ~) j: b% f
6 t' Z$ L6 Q+ J; [; B$ A. Z
+ m5 \- {& ~: p5 b6 ]+ ~
7 X8 p- E. p* V. E; R% R, Z$ GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
% {8 ^6 ^, o. C1 @
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Symbolic Strikes
0 w0 {, X1 u- n' z: L 97. Protest strike5 e3 f: e/ Z0 l% ?- \7 x' ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- d2 V3 K$ }- M2 x2 s' A$ H$ `9 n! |1 R. t
Agricultural Strikes3 }0 X- [0 B/ I8 N! I7 N( O
99. Peasant strike
1 [3 w4 n. P2 K8 _9 k9 R5 y3 M1 u 100. Farm Workers’ strike, O* K4 A: P( B; u
0 t ^: B" X, Z) n* l lStrikes by Special Groups! ^4 T- i7 i0 r0 q S
101. Refusal of impressed labor; N& ]$ h8 }# K" i. p& e
102. Prisoners’ strike/ b$ j' H; O+ P& b9 h
103. Craft strike8 t6 {6 ^7 U7 ^5 ]- L
104. Professional strike
9 s. ^2 d& Z$ B: r. w7 k+ e( R
$ w. ^/ C" T& I6 H3 z8 hOrdinary Industrial Strikes. E5 p+ L. i/ N7 o
105. Establishment strike
+ ?; D) B1 T: r7 z5 S 106. Industry strike- [0 E' [7 Q' q" m/ y. |8 f, G
107. Sympathetic strike$ j; r- Z# \8 M# {4 [- D) X
* A8 S& y1 `- t1 L% _9 x
Restricted Strikes' ~2 V' a$ h3 ~' u
108. Detailed strike( f n# d4 M& u0 I' @1 t) \
109. Bumper strike
% ?8 E! I4 B% U, u7 p% K( p4 I1 _& l 110. Slowdown strike$ y9 t3 G* v+ C7 E0 f5 N8 q+ o
111. Working-to-rule strike+ k0 d, `( Z4 l
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 z* \! T$ g" M9 {0 \( ~$ c+ z+ w# q
113. Strike by resignation
- l& Q9 X9 M) t 114. Limited strike
+ P2 D _2 k7 D8 N9 ^+ m# \. g 115. Selective strike
' R: A% F4 @- {1 i8 ]
( |3 `' U& |5 ~( iMulti-Industry Strikes
! v7 Q3 p% O" q' _
/ V2 N, w T1 q/ o: p9 t 116. Generalized strike9 a$ T4 k$ A+ }; Y/ n7 I
) \) M4 S" J- m1 I9 X 117. General strike
8 h8 U1 b- L( R! `- C# h
1 B8 k8 I% {/ R! X3 m; [0 S5 p4 a) bCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures) L6 m1 j1 J$ v
# n5 X0 A+ c* _
118. Hartal/ ~+ q1 a5 d1 _5 E2 E
2 E- t9 P; E9 q' v
119. Economic shutdown
# x3 ]) d( X* |$ B2 H4 t" v! o t r' B& ]9 r. G+ n
8 k* [3 q+ r6 c; L2 h- J
( H& u1 [( C3 A. g' V, Q) f) JTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
6 e9 H2 I z/ d1 i5 a" e- Z# c% C( `6 N$ k: f
. c& d& k' g3 ]4 H4 ]( H$ E
Rejection of Authority
' P- f. F$ ?; ^: S% Y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 z* J4 l8 A$ `) h 121. Refusal of public support
3 g( b1 E# m3 V+ a! d 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 f1 }5 A7 o' s/ @2 C7 [4 c& @
' u7 f' ?4 f- {' ~Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 L Q& U7 O- z/ u7 k5 g0 `, C
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* }% n, T8 b8 l" ` 124. Boycott of elections
( z! C8 J& D& a/ w# H5 X0 w 125. Boycott of government employment and positions; Q& ?6 G) c$ s: p7 s$ e% Q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% b) ~( T: x) Y9 b. C0 N: j
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' a3 `$ ^$ `) C# l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' F3 D5 B0 B7 i; y+ m
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ ]& V* h2 j, [2 B$ C) d 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 g3 |6 E7 V& y; Y4 `( A 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& A7 g) {; x6 x, @3 z7 [0 W 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions d# t# U5 a4 b# `4 ^3 n
1 a6 S# b$ [9 x/ Q; z- b0 [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ p! p! J! T6 W, C5 V 133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 v! E9 f( |1 B# d4 h& C0 i
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 r: g# B+ z' w9 s 135. Popular nonobedience
. E/ q' s2 Q' q% n5 b' M 136. Disguised disobedience
/ ?7 `7 F2 q4 P' ` 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: B. c n" M" g/ q Q 138. Sitdown& N1 ] f( H6 m9 Z/ ]+ U+ i
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- i, j& C7 d$ W+ |& e8 t5 x 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 w% c4 \$ C6 w9 s6 R 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 R/ X8 l8 G0 ]1 [0 s1 M% j
' P) {" ?+ e9 E. R
Action by Government Personnel4 `# s& S2 S# O% o; u5 K X9 q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 Y* e6 g* f) l: [$ D, p' t% c- Q4 u
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
Q$ V' r6 q( T# M1 y5 n 144. Stalling and obstruction
- r3 d0 |0 o8 q# A; o) G 145. General administrative noncooperation* g- `6 q& [' g, n
- ]" E2 ^, l- ]9 y' U/ B* _; X
146. Judicial noncooperation
7 q# J% T8 V+ y+ z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" s5 `* W* I; g* ^* ~ 148. Mutiny* g+ d( j4 t: J1 ^: F( ?( ~5 A; \
Domestic Governmental Action7 F5 S3 K/ W, U6 I1 ]- W
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) i8 @+ o' A, d 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 n- Q. w0 w) K# X
0 U9 E1 p& [! L7 e, MInternational Governmental Action ^' z- j% x ?1 B: o% _' z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 v' D8 \9 {9 s3 t. ~3 {+ _
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ V) O! \$ y( O4 `6 V; G$ ? 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' G& a& R0 ] \/ r9 k: a" ^ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 c7 k+ k; \% v5 E- ?5 g 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
h7 M4 ?- f3 B# g 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& C7 @- {8 |% q3 k
157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 I( B% O/ R, p" M
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ |) b: ?, x' \$ ~
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. x3 Z5 T/ x9 C0 b/ e* H& \Psychological Intervention! H- y5 w3 e) \. X" I# U, p
158. Self-exposure to the elements. Q' ^+ B, s1 d1 a ^
159. The fast5 i7 d% N- n+ a$ ~8 S( S" s1 u: L
a) Fast of moral pressure
6 [9 e1 x& f. e8 g; r2 }1 F b) Hunger strike
0 p6 ` D- X) D( x" b c) Satyagrahic fast
9 R. i; y7 i9 f 160. Reverse trial
& `. J( u7 u) }( Y 161. Nonviolent harassment
2 Q: q8 e. q( |4 K& k8 a- n8 j8 j4 C8 T
Physical Intervention$ X/ I% Z) O! |3 ]& D
162. Sit-in
! R# c# G3 ^# }) |7 b0 j 163. Stand-in5 B$ v" W6 Y( a M; c. A9 r& e, M
164. Ride-in
( S/ ?: t* m/ q" t$ h 165. Wade-in
1 ?3 H; V* B( o" | Z) }3 P% S" h 166. Mill-in/ q' L# Q* x* e& a, t7 V% `9 p0 l
167. Pray-in
. Q0 y, J4 R' a6 @( D 168. Nonviolent raids- m5 }2 Z: R1 z3 \% Y- ~
169. Nonviolent air raids
: C( Q/ v" U$ ~" @9 Q" w/ v1 z 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 q$ A/ Z; o' x' W4 V 171. Nonviolent interjection
3 _6 t" z" `; }7 L& H1 ` 172. Nonviolent obstruction, z( Y* l- R0 [% B* R
173. Nonviolent occupation
/ }5 D# i8 o, [9 q0 s7 \+ `
9 I, N. J0 v7 u/ m" s8 C" M* v) \Social Intervention
( W$ h6 q K2 o, S1 V 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ w% w9 S, N+ b 175. Overloading of facilities
: A* [, v, N+ I9 H8 t- [ 176. Stall-in
7 E0 h! Z! l6 Z J M4 v- E4 [ 177. Speak-in
6 X; f( `* F$ c5 Q, X; } 178. Guerrilla theater
2 [0 v: p5 l+ o 179. Alternative social institutions
x$ Q! h2 L# R6 H, J4 i1 G4 @ 180. Alternative communication system
4 s* B, C \- k$ {
( l# w6 Y& T, F5 z1 X8 z! {3 @Economic Intervention
! I5 s# Q5 i! M2 E' Y8 n" s 181. Reverse strike
! N4 ^: {% D u$ |# X 182. Stay-in strike6 M0 I- q# z; J0 H2 v* u* T
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 ?8 S, x" \, }% E 184. Defiance of blockades
9 ^/ J* k" t$ e6 W* U+ A 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ u% k G/ ^" X3 I& V L 186. Preclusive purchasing7 a" ?! I- l+ g; c- A7 ?3 _
187. Seizure of assets
) }# g" Y$ k3 a1 K$ t 188. Dumping! z3 B, f. s2 E# W2 j- \2 a
189. Selective patronage) B; P& |! r: n% b2 O
190. Alternative markets0 E) O1 V Z# X u) L; W
191. Alternative transportation systems
) V3 D+ b: x4 w2 L9 r# U 192. Alternative economic institutions0 | m& D+ i- _9 K: b
( D6 ?/ A; F3 m' T) F
Political Intervention
; I3 n8 [, X+ ]% n% B9 s9 h 193. Overloading of administrative systems& b6 ]( V2 ~3 J" G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, j$ K e( j! \. t, @* m
195. Seeking imprisonment
|+ Y. C) D+ _5 Q; d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- S9 T" Z" R c, [9 u, } A
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 U! t: C1 E O) A 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# t; _- {5 v# {0 T1 i" ?) b
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
