 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& e; W# c- |8 l! `* ~Formal Statements
/ I2 I% U9 [7 ]1 Y/ @9 q 1. Public Speeches
i$ ?$ C4 a& } 2. Letters of opposition or support
# Q* e4 O4 X4 ?. L5 c L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
' ^& h7 _' [' I' s2 G2 i 4. Signed public statements
9 U4 y4 B% O: O 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& w0 k7 N5 t8 ]: g9 I7 o 6. Group or mass petitions
" ^5 x- g/ `0 e
8 c Y3 M2 f8 J5 e. p! QCommunications with a Wider Audience- U4 Z+ Y6 h; ^4 z; s* n: W; V
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 V- z. s4 B& z& W 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 I/ o' E1 D1 R) ? 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 f0 D8 U0 |' D: F& v
10. Newspapers and journals) |3 ]4 n2 X( |0 D; `
11. Records, radio, and television
1 d& y S8 }1 Q( M4 u$ P0 `; z3 ? 12. Skywriting and earthwriting: y6 B, {+ o- x
7 u3 Z; _9 a; y8 b: _( v9 J3 LGroup Representations6 @! Y' B# H2 D5 a/ o: Y3 i
13. Deputations
4 O5 }5 P7 W' i/ X- _* { 14. Mock awards8 h, z! O9 k% q: m- `$ Z% z1 I
15. Group lobbying, Z' a! t9 y9 M/ }0 p1 `9 c: ?
16. Picketing
% {& Z" Y5 ]( ]/ d. }4 o0 } 17. Mock elections' H0 S5 v7 H2 f" R! [) G' ^$ o
( a0 R4 |( \) j# G
Symbolic Public Acts& Y) L) O+ y7 Z& V0 G
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ R5 u* i6 g v) v) h# F- D3 f
19. Wearing of symbols; K. ]- [( t9 U
20. Prayer and worship1 @- R8 o0 Q3 I6 J' y8 I
21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 t: H. B8 \3 |2 g 22. Protest disrobings
( v: ?$ C' V. g 23. Destruction of own property% F1 s* a. A' _5 F
24. Symbolic lights' K& [, X# Q, F* y& A
25. Displays of portraits
5 u1 }0 p0 O3 a/ t8 A" E 26. Paint as protest
* s4 s4 p R; n' u& a 27. New signs and names
4 n: X8 P; W- a, E* i 28. Symbolic sounds1 J0 i, x) i. @" }9 F
29. Symbolic reclamations
0 q% d6 _/ s' ~4 k 30. Rude gestures4 e- y6 M0 o0 T3 b
" L5 M8 S. {. y7 `/ ]
Pressures on Individuals) c$ H$ |' F0 e+ @7 `8 W
31. “Haunting” officials
5 G# b! Z. P* V/ Q 32. Taunting officials
/ F/ ]' j( W2 N8 u8 S) F* L. q 33. Fraternization
& p" z* g- q6 s8 |! p" f. J 34. Vigils$ |3 `6 L5 D, w1 q
2 r/ k9 t1 O: l9 }1 u# pDrama and Music
; u( f2 K6 K. t2 ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 v" @, e" @5 b" V 36. Performances of plays and music: q0 Z- \( _0 G
37. Singing2 B! Q, A/ J4 a8 H( i
; j3 M% H: S1 [: V" _4 L# KProcessions) |) {% j7 W, O7 j6 [
38. Marches! Z4 G5 E0 K" u7 |/ x% r7 Z
39. Parades% R5 ?+ Z* v6 V% ~! b6 w
40. Religious processions' Z1 G; [+ k0 J t6 ?* W' e
41. Pilgrimages0 Y6 }3 W% r' k2 h/ m8 S
42. Motorcades
$ ?! v+ Y4 }" Y4 K# V
, K/ g5 U. D$ p; D8 N2 N7 Q) y; mHonoring the Dead9 l6 O% z/ J5 a6 G; n# _, R
43. Political mourning7 c% {9 w' j F7 N/ A6 w! L% |
44. Mock funerals
) w4 [: J9 ], N$ `+ C 45. Demonstrative funerals# v& k/ b9 y7 f) S7 a# J
46. Homage at burial places" P& N Y+ O; \0 ]+ t, r5 u
l* C! J/ M$ x. X0 p
Public Assemblies
6 g7 I3 S% L" M5 O# M 47. Assemblies of protest or support
! k" g3 K5 R; A% J( N1 L- Y5 m 48. Protest meetings5 ?; Y/ _5 @7 p" s& E* v6 _+ j
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 Q% b# G8 ?- d$ ^7 [" ?" } 50. Teach-ins
, ?0 \; a* h/ ^& c6 p( M, G$ S; |
! W6 U1 M4 l) s+ @Withdrawal and Renunciation/ _& @5 n# W2 M* v- A% y2 z0 K. f
51. Walk-outs- B" n0 O; d H6 r# |
52. Silence
9 A5 F' R$ R2 M6 C, G- | 53. Renouncing honors
! Z/ S# \& Y7 K6 { z7 S; K+ O* v3 W 54. Turning one’s back
; T3 V. b* F& `7 d% R$ D7 Z* N% T" _4 [$ O4 T# w+ D
4 W1 e. J+ l, v9 u! v" r/ T' L1 F/ I4 a+ q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 w* s* W8 A" J! x0 v* s
6 e& S( u* e- U n; s/ Z
. J9 P, Z) k# s0 `" U( ?, H
! L& u: L9 Q9 i" Q3 T1 lOstracism of Persons
, ?! D |$ j4 ^/ t0 ^ 55. Social boycott# v! X$ k# a2 z0 c
56. Selective social boycott% q- {/ m. ~0 b2 f+ X
57. Lysistratic nonaction/ z/ G! e7 T4 V4 O" {' S2 {- z
58. Excommunication
% n$ P! m$ H4 I' q5 n. A1 k& Q 59. Interdict: J1 W+ g8 c( r: P5 S
! \% B# M: X1 `, X9 f7 a$ }& k
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 H6 \, D/ A f6 U% M# i9 a5 \0 N* e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& V) N' g3 o* ?, U) y, _- j0 h
61. Boycott of social affairs! |: H/ T1 }9 ` r3 w& T, v
62. Student strike$ I8 B* ~/ H1 q$ H( }2 i0 t
63. Social disobedience- @" q( e* m0 K- b
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 f. b. h3 |! L& A j$ k
' J/ a5 M+ M7 s$ IWithdrawal from the Social System, I8 w3 X' F% Y1 {4 e% E8 I$ u! y
65. Stay-at-home
. r$ r2 X7 q$ m z- q9 C 66. Total personal noncooperation, a, i5 u4 t- N3 j Q' w
67. “Flight” of workers
0 Z( A9 V( J% G0 t. F' L3 ]8 p 68. Sanctuary' k. d, W# V M2 \1 ]2 v5 j
69. Collective disappearance
- ~4 H3 ~& P( B7 _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
: o- W4 V0 e* D4 U$ B9 n$ s) Q% a7 v6 n8 w0 w0 w: ?- w7 j0 P9 Q1 [
4 R0 J$ F' f% v2 g' a8 A8 D, x, ?5 H3 G) V2 a
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# \" u" ?9 q4 d# s
l2 T0 @5 G) w7 I: U3 s4 z
* t& Q- v ^7 u/ q) N BActions by Consumers
! {2 e9 a4 e5 i* |& v- E 71. Consumers’ boycott
, V) [7 g# l5 W9 j: } 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# K8 b! g" o+ e/ B
73. Policy of austerity
( w% \ H' g7 D; q 74. Rent withholding
3 A- }6 E1 S/ V/ b 75. Refusal to rent8 Y$ k: k/ P8 _7 N
76. National consumers’ boycott0 {. l( Q' R$ o& ]5 Y
77. International consumers’ boycott
7 u6 y( I# u# F/ S! O: T( y; Q; s7 j4 N9 t: R: j) I
Action by Workers and Producers* E @/ a! f- e/ }4 U% d( q/ o$ K
78. Workmen’s boycott1 z7 X, w f/ w' b$ ~; U* Z
79. Producers’ boycott
+ Q0 v- @: x8 t" K
; T" v, m2 \* S: Z3 t) c' |# yAction by Middlemen Y' S4 `) J4 q8 m2 X; ?/ {
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 N9 {: s) f+ b+ K) r# ?
' \5 Q+ `/ \# @ B8 x2 x, ?Action by Owners and Management
7 Z7 H6 y) J" F+ V# E 81. Traders’ boycott8 I+ s7 O' W3 p$ H2 l3 F+ O! ~( g" c8 b
82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 V' `) X7 R. k 83. Lockout
( q" d7 G. P+ z: Q# ^7 o 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 J! H: }8 Y% k7 D! M E 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 z2 E: m' L$ v! A7 P) b; x+ x4 c. _
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 {/ X* ~" r9 M M; o$ ~
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' W% ~% T+ l. `7 Y+ @7 ] 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% s& K+ a; [7 f/ {6 w* K) \ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 F# E) o' F3 \ y
89. Severance of funds and credit$ N: S9 d; l- \9 e& G& G, j9 w
90. Revenue refusal
3 ]3 c( m) o- s* b' L$ T 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ p- E3 ]) {+ a8 y2 {
& J3 i- ?6 t7 v; i9 {0 iAction by Governments
+ \ w! [, h8 P4 ~$ `, S1 c$ Z 92. Domestic embargo( z: C/ y9 R+ X7 U% f- q0 C6 A
93. Blacklisting of traders
) a8 K0 a, \" J* Z' d% `5 | R) L 94. International sellers’ embargo6 m& t% W3 Y. \( b! w
95. International buyers’ embargo2 @+ V8 m0 \$ e8 ~) u8 e- S4 y8 ^
96. International trade embargo
2 K1 Z4 S2 N4 Y4 _4 r3 n/ d" v( I3 _. I# J# [. g% |7 i& R6 l+ I6 J
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2 N, k4 u" d7 o: N% d/ v. iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 m$ }, R! a; p
! m8 w) d! S: p
# q9 g* ]# |" G+ o8 x( dSymbolic Strikes8 R1 G! R+ k6 X. @5 |+ b* a" B
97. Protest strike' o2 X$ n0 U# w- T. Y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% H6 f' q( u0 L/ O; ?' A
3 B3 _ Q/ f, s
Agricultural Strikes
9 P, A$ E# v& m! d) H 99. Peasant strike" Z7 ?1 f( ~% v3 C) U
100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 D) I( g: D/ l- }2 D" K
! ?. F5 c- J1 GStrikes by Special Groups$ q/ |& Y6 `7 p/ B2 o" x* e# B
101. Refusal of impressed labor! L9 H1 a8 X" p
102. Prisoners’ strike
# E, R# C \" W# c2 H2 I 103. Craft strike
, K2 U! t, o( m0 y4 D& H 104. Professional strike
; x& t: y- R2 \! c W% c2 n
: p2 I! b" U" M$ C% yOrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ z3 ~; ` I: b% c# B 105. Establishment strike* S" c; t9 w$ Z/ ?. M) ~
106. Industry strike
5 V3 B% j! b2 k0 g1 J9 | 107. Sympathetic strike) n7 B7 U! f8 z$ |' q" v7 G7 ?( s
+ e6 w) {; l- }) @
Restricted Strikes
1 |8 S5 }2 E' W3 b6 Q. b: V0 F 108. Detailed strike
- I0 b$ V$ i4 T& Y; b% y 109. Bumper strike
3 B; Y U+ B1 f; M 110. Slowdown strike
8 @+ Y; f8 s% ?/ k6 d( S4 { 111. Working-to-rule strike q0 M s+ n! ?" L; U
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): r6 W5 L5 f/ ^: f) f
113. Strike by resignation
! Q; r: O# F- H) _8 | 114. Limited strike0 D4 p0 Z/ v& o
115. Selective strike% o, b1 a; \* s- _6 T8 |' V
* c7 u5 u; @4 b; C: ~( HMulti-Industry Strikes5 q* V5 P o4 ?2 s* V6 C
$ c$ Y: K4 q2 A. X# |6 S, n2 P 116. Generalized strike2 {6 y; f4 t" C& a
`1 `/ I) E( ]' V0 b 117. General strike- j' H# W: c; n8 w) @
d3 H( u: I3 T; I; u+ x* bCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown* S6 P) T: {4 z4 G
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2 d; Q4 |' k! j+ l2 C. s1 {0 A# I, G& l: l0 Q- F
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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, f0 l# T0 K" u! D5 O# x6 u * E; h4 U8 H9 H7 [* [; u' C
Rejection of Authority' f/ y9 K6 l' L4 e7 ?& H
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 O w1 Y8 u. E, Q7 T 121. Refusal of public support
6 ?; X" I$ S) P6 d5 K( T 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 l& h# {% j- Z% w
2 t6 a6 Y5 V% p
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 N& e. B& ]3 v2 ~2 E+ C5 r
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 {& ]8 k2 C; t. q) \. F 124. Boycott of elections5 z: f! l4 u' a' W6 o
125. Boycott of government employment and positions* H7 p1 z2 t- r3 U1 v- ^; q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# a( _0 R2 q- o: g* x
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 P: | P; B# |
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 G2 \+ U8 J k; G) }; M. G$ |
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 Y2 r' D& ^) }' V) j
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 r" C) l* |2 m S$ b* N Y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( ~" @$ k# x( i5 f
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 {& b3 u. D$ \
/ }/ s9 K4 z1 |Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ @8 J; g5 k( [% _! w# E6 p. L' f 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 b0 i6 _3 h7 e$ [4 W# H k
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# J' C: U3 C0 `; {; H
135. Popular nonobedience! {& \' i7 `( o- s9 u2 v8 L
136. Disguised disobedience# X( L. d4 t, l8 U& J
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' ^9 e; t' ~2 P2 R
138. Sitdown
+ t5 X5 ^- F3 I- e! b* E 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: N7 Q J5 Y. @9 U/ U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ M* M( z" J) z7 \! q0 b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws f1 C9 _( D& u# k
: t/ Q+ O' b) E4 X+ Y& o, o0 UAction by Government Personnel
9 p( {+ u/ P0 e6 @ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 |8 O/ P$ i6 z- E1 @$ O: t
143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ i2 z/ [; M" u% u9 K8 Y. O
144. Stalling and obstruction" j& [/ N, k- m" N' u
145. General administrative noncooperation
5 O$ x; r" T3 |$ C8 s: C, N
s2 ~ m/ g0 }; P& V- E# k" L& s 146. Judicial noncooperation, S2 b! i- R2 H- g3 ^9 G( l- i, X
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% O0 ?( N* `5 B7 M6 L4 f# H5 w
148. Mutiny( F1 P R3 V1 e" _' ^) h. D
Domestic Governmental Action- p2 q2 P6 L% X% M0 c( P
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 |9 X6 `- Z9 w+ a- m
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 D% ~; t2 v. ]0 `( m
1 V+ Z+ a6 R, g3 c: W8 q" |. B
International Governmental Action
$ N# } |2 z- d5 O6 K 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 x; e2 _ v. k# c+ \
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' B2 z: T% b# v$ v
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 M% _4 ^8 O8 l9 ~/ e- I
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: D5 W7 R) [& _2 z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ _+ Z. P a" o 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) K0 E- S4 O) C: |* ?' a
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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, k( f6 f" c1 x0 P! q! tTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION3 j( G$ z9 D9 Y8 Z7 N3 y3 H- H
" V6 O, W, J5 b4 I( v& C$ `2 s
0 Q) a# X b0 e, |; T% XPsychological Intervention
" m8 G- l" o" E; [" f 158. Self-exposure to the elements+ d6 G0 e8 i% e0 f/ S0 Z% |
159. The fast' K z1 G9 N2 r4 b1 G5 T
a) Fast of moral pressure
" r; u4 U, {9 M b) Hunger strike9 C9 A2 g# T* s5 w( b
c) Satyagrahic fast
" U( H/ ^$ V+ [7 M+ m% ^9 u 160. Reverse trial
5 k C& q( v9 S/ \0 W- \ 161. Nonviolent harassment$ { X1 t* |0 j7 ?
r( Q. H/ F$ J; \, H9 S1 E, f
Physical Intervention
6 q8 v) d2 B, c 162. Sit-in* X9 x9 R4 s! s+ w' l
163. Stand-in+ @& P4 M: Y' G- p D9 J0 J. `
164. Ride-in
4 r6 e( D8 j0 u" e. o 165. Wade-in
( e9 E; i5 Q* ?8 {1 Z 166. Mill-in
# c* Z, _6 {7 q2 W 167. Pray-in0 {, _* G$ J* k- m( }* C7 r; ?; Q% N
168. Nonviolent raids8 r0 A0 z2 d1 }2 k, e% M7 D8 [" r
169. Nonviolent air raids9 d& e$ H% l7 |% |$ V
170. Nonviolent invasion& D1 |+ A1 q3 _) B
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 [) |& c$ u! w. E5 s 172. Nonviolent obstruction2 _" b4 _# }( Z- W* R. w [8 ~, s/ P
173. Nonviolent occupation. j6 }: t) v& Q4 _/ o) D" n" q# p
7 A. |9 {# G' B2 A5 e; `& o
Social Intervention
) \& I) ?8 Z) V& X! a 174. Establishing new social patterns
& `. m9 \% T4 U: k# u/ K 175. Overloading of facilities
' l5 r1 V1 u+ h& S' D 176. Stall-in: E. x5 ?9 C7 f" V# p7 K
177. Speak-in5 Y& X" s5 _; Z; p5 q- B4 g) D
178. Guerrilla theater
0 a9 w$ C6 D, X$ i! H 179. Alternative social institutions
4 n" Q+ m) O7 I' H! [0 C2 g 180. Alternative communication system# @. J* w# o9 f& W- `
" H# ?* C7 g, K9 _+ e2 G- n
Economic Intervention
& v( S1 h2 C" L 181. Reverse strike
+ u u5 L# E2 g& t/ K- Y; X" P 182. Stay-in strike
+ d( \5 @/ z; h& B. w 183. Nonviolent land seizure
% E' K5 n9 J3 E B! ^' w1 b& [3 v 184. Defiance of blockades
, P" }4 v! Z/ ?. y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 t9 F5 Z/ @( o+ ~4 V. F2 s 186. Preclusive purchasing- W/ S1 n) p3 ^% ~$ G1 F
187. Seizure of assets1 l0 T( U" m9 c0 b
188. Dumping
, u" c; `' Y3 E0 F, G 189. Selective patronage
! N( J4 F& s0 A$ J- v$ z4 L' v 190. Alternative markets
! A! x7 W9 H, i1 [6 E! [) [ 191. Alternative transportation systems0 `5 _( n& v3 ~! L1 {
192. Alternative economic institutions9 x9 Y% i5 Z' {; E
+ A( _7 o/ `- w4 |; L1 q1 GPolitical Intervention) H9 _4 t3 g/ M( b& y
193. Overloading of administrative systems1 p1 M# z5 r- S' y; g! G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 y1 B5 F3 r5 X. ?! E7 }( T
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 n/ }3 d) X F- F- J6 R- P 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' s$ \, C2 Y& }' o1 j& p4 L1 c
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 E! n1 P: u3 [4 L% [ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
