 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& C/ Q2 l; R" w
Formal Statements
+ R! R( e6 `/ M) g7 f' j+ f$ v4 y2 Q 1. Public Speeches0 V( ?& x; h0 V
2. Letters of opposition or support: i9 K, f* a, e( f5 F& L2 [7 n
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* K D& `( s8 F) p6 b" R! |' m 4. Signed public statements m" K" Q1 J. _! M7 l3 p0 t. s
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- s; y- m7 w2 i: n l6 [ 6. Group or mass petitions
* g& e% I+ x3 b+ m* d: E
9 ^/ F% `% p/ W9 _4 xCommunications with a Wider Audience
) J5 F. L- |6 h- G9 o" ~ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% a/ K, b& A: z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 \" o# p8 c! p6 a7 D! p
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( L3 g# V+ J7 z
10. Newspapers and journals- }3 z$ c# t% a, m! h
11. Records, radio, and television
/ D. N$ S# s+ v' P& H( W, s 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" e" p; S$ s, ~5 B* m$ M% f' Y$ W! A; S6 F+ K9 X1 V/ z) c0 N
Group Representations
% ~$ I3 h* N% Q: t1 L 13. Deputations
5 {! Y" S3 I( j& b 14. Mock awards
9 n+ a' L. i1 j 15. Group lobbying1 V9 i& A$ A' ?- A ^
16. Picketing
8 X9 Z4 @/ R6 p, k* \ 17. Mock elections5 y$ w, @( Y$ N
, D v" G5 r4 w( m6 h9 ~Symbolic Public Acts
. W$ g' H% B# k* v9 E- u7 s 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 W& D$ M, H5 v; ]' U
19. Wearing of symbols
3 X; Q% P$ ~5 _5 O7 e 20. Prayer and worship
1 M# ^; W! H1 ~7 O5 _* \9 {& l H 21. Delivering symbolic objects# A. @& y2 P( y/ P9 x0 q5 V
22. Protest disrobings
" b' f& F" }8 o% F, u 23. Destruction of own property
) \6 ^% Q/ z$ p7 h" k 24. Symbolic lights. }. |" m" k4 p/ N u7 S/ o
25. Displays of portraits/ X! s: g* m: @7 h
26. Paint as protest% D- G7 C, n, F* e* v
27. New signs and names
/ K2 \; |% G' I; d! y 28. Symbolic sounds
4 g/ ~& T) \* _" k3 N0 I6 t5 M 29. Symbolic reclamations6 R; S4 Z5 H7 B; u
30. Rude gestures
7 k) e$ n8 v7 j! C2 V+ F4 S. H0 }0 D5 K1 k. y2 S8 {
Pressures on Individuals
% F: K, T _2 d! z" O6 p/ V 31. “Haunting” officials4 `6 N9 o' q5 p, B* e$ s$ }
32. Taunting officials. w8 I( M+ H# i. _) w+ V
33. Fraternization8 d0 J. n$ T# s8 d) e7 Q8 t! V
34. Vigils6 K0 u g1 \4 i2 e! E% t% ]
+ d* o8 M" k5 v/ d+ ~; |/ b1 ZDrama and Music9 Q4 f2 i1 E8 a, e
35. Humorous skits and pranks: ^5 }1 X6 N9 E" D1 R1 Q
36. Performances of plays and music8 g9 S- S6 x2 C& F5 P% y j% j
37. Singing( I5 z( f: h2 j% G# x' F7 X
, {% `/ u0 K2 c3 j& F
Processions$ Q0 J( r" w2 d6 L
38. Marches. R* e* b) X, P" g
39. Parades& i. L% L0 V, T M
40. Religious processions
2 |; n" G! b) p5 ^8 B" M2 R 41. Pilgrimages
/ m, b( v: h5 l6 D3 j# t0 ~ 42. Motorcades9 f- ^% r- g9 P
& g/ e' b9 I$ hHonoring the Dead
( c" I- R, Y7 f, k# J) Y- W" n 43. Political mourning
& z" Q U; u) S7 a 44. Mock funerals$ W; z" B1 N2 Y4 D( p& E2 `
45. Demonstrative funerals
3 j" S! ]! @: A$ r# o, N% a U 46. Homage at burial places7 R+ Z- [ C7 @8 t3 p5 R$ j
* X& Q; U2 u: G( Y5 W1 d7 K5 _Public Assemblies
1 V7 E. e# r5 n: b" J1 w4 ^$ C8 W 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ u" `8 |& d% C G% s0 b+ y. J
48. Protest meetings
) ?/ k- z% X# P) S& n: c) P( [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 U4 e1 v) y0 o0 F
50. Teach-ins& J ~" H( {$ r& F; f1 D1 B; O; N
2 H: k& C$ {' i i4 xWithdrawal and Renunciation4 R0 R1 n; {0 N5 Y! X, t1 O9 F# S
51. Walk-outs
7 D) K$ x3 Z+ P9 U 52. Silence
' p$ \1 P9 j; ^- X# |$ X- n1 r 53. Renouncing honors5 Q% L3 f9 m. ]# {& u: f
54. Turning one’s back9 z: r% v$ X% o. Z, W" j
1 j, N* u3 L& N
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( t! e W/ M" T8 C6 L7 ~
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! E7 e( f% @0 W+ f. v
& Q5 V3 S* A( F' E) c) a f2 e
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Ostracism of Persons
! w& J: H3 s* o 55. Social boycott e1 a% Y, A3 Y# v5 R
56. Selective social boycott% {: n, D. q. D+ |4 N- [* L
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 @2 }; X4 k- |( p 58. Excommunication
, J3 b y9 P* y 59. Interdict' _# ]* D; @( E, O" U& U" q5 {
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' ^$ L8 g& S! M) Q& G4 ~" \ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& u& G8 g: m7 f5 C% J- s4 O6 j& ]9 Q3 i 61. Boycott of social affairs
2 J8 ~0 |. m6 \+ M 62. Student strike
9 P; a5 \, `/ Q m 63. Social disobedience% \3 Q. K, \2 h, Z% m/ Y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions: u! l5 Z, y2 G2 p
$ h- y0 d$ y/ h8 D# v$ vWithdrawal from the Social System+ B- M8 G! u# K1 s8 ^
65. Stay-at-home/ {8 \3 k% c% e |
66. Total personal noncooperation
3 j; B" M, P) a- T; z 67. “Flight” of workers
/ y4 y3 c! Z( v3 w* e- D 68. Sanctuary6 [+ z# l- O0 @" y4 ?
69. Collective disappearance' \2 R) |+ b2 u; c
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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# K& h+ P d. _" [0 XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
5 g1 L3 K1 p- ], ] 71. Consumers’ boycott
. w: _) n2 m, k 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. @8 g) ?0 P& _+ w9 ^8 b
73. Policy of austerity6 Q& u/ J1 ?0 D& c: X
74. Rent withholding& g% u6 D: v+ X8 i- }3 I5 A0 v
75. Refusal to rent
7 u+ O0 G+ X) S9 ^4 @1 { 76. National consumers’ boycott4 L" F& P; }8 n& L
77. International consumers’ boycott
+ [- a7 ^* n( |* e
* T. a r( A1 hAction by Workers and Producers
+ D# k/ W* n, e 78. Workmen’s boycott% \1 x, ?; x) `. @& Q' ^
79. Producers’ boycott+ m- q& r. T {3 Z- o) ~; |* U
6 m, k" j1 @8 v" v
Action by Middlemen
6 ?( G, e6 \2 X: z4 _ m3 c( L* X7 z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 e6 S/ x2 t" D. x$ R1 O9 p
6 C# P+ k+ v; F7 jAction by Owners and Management
/ p+ |( P* z1 @, v4 B2 ` 81. Traders’ boycott2 y" k8 k+ |7 [3 G3 R9 Z3 ^
82. Refusal to let or sell property
' {7 y! j# a, P 83. Lockout
4 K P0 Q6 x) \! g3 r# g 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, {) v" ~% C% G5 d 85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ ?" Z1 o% |; @3 z
- Y' n- ^* H" D' X" J, p0 D1 JAction by Holders of Financial Resources( T; X8 v# L* o! Q. x" K8 L+ {. [
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits T# b6 Y6 }. F; S4 u
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments g: l6 g) B( ]
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 I5 ~& Y' L( O4 S8 q
89. Severance of funds and credit; Z# a3 S7 q4 A; a
90. Revenue refusal3 w7 }5 t3 Z: s7 R
91. Refusal of a government’s money9 m) U& I) Z. p: O* T5 P$ Q# Y! `; K C
$ {6 D5 u) V/ G ~. E6 s
Action by Governments4 a8 u& ?( h9 B, X1 J4 Y0 _
92. Domestic embargo( W' U7 {. I' `4 [5 j% j0 W
93. Blacklisting of traders
4 v& s; N& }& F 94. International sellers’ embargo
: g# N5 l6 T5 y5 {4 I L8 v& i: u 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 n0 K2 j; _$ R% t! |: M. q! i( a9 D 96. International trade embargo$ |# P3 X* A0 g; t
2 Z3 f- u: X/ J1 W
2 ^5 p, } W, X, O' [, F# Y2 i9 o/ j$ ^: Y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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" h8 Y' ~9 f( U8 X2 q# p0 M6 Y! P& |
9 L: r4 p9 ~" m; x/ L2 P) dSymbolic Strikes- J7 Y# { A5 I6 c
97. Protest strike
' E: G2 d1 p; i& m: U: { 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)+ Y/ K! W- T# n# l9 B) w' D: V
7 ^% p7 G( X8 I2 n# q- T: oAgricultural Strikes
5 V- a% S: W S7 E- T 99. Peasant strike
# Z* [( H& K; x 100. Farm Workers’ strike) X4 A' K$ ^6 W* P9 v; T7 [2 p
q! p. J4 Q* s6 J' XStrikes by Special Groups
4 y$ J. }# z& S) |' ` 101. Refusal of impressed labor4 B: L4 c) f9 ]/ O) r
102. Prisoners’ strike
1 l/ h; A/ ?# y$ ?# E# B+ Q 103. Craft strike! T9 c. P- Q& r% }& o) ?
104. Professional strike
6 U' R6 v' }" z' R" d) S6 n2 Y9 N
8 i' s8 G' {3 ^- W' qOrdinary Industrial Strikes
& Z4 }+ X8 T- y4 A 105. Establishment strike
* K2 N, L! D* t+ E4 X; g 106. Industry strike+ x9 g9 Y% P/ a7 b
107. Sympathetic strike% K) v$ Y; M* g1 t
6 S! ?4 L! C( d+ u2 }" c3 J; V2 Z/ MRestricted Strikes
* }# d. {: \9 a 108. Detailed strike9 L3 k9 U3 g8 Y& B+ D J8 M* s4 Y- t
109. Bumper strike
/ i8 X" E4 w' N3 H3 M 110. Slowdown strike# M! l' T/ u# n5 o& P9 f
111. Working-to-rule strike$ |* c5 w8 M" D/ g) ~" F! ?+ w
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 I5 V; \; E$ O( f" R. T# | 113. Strike by resignation8 T+ S# d- f F& ~/ K9 R6 D
114. Limited strike) O% n6 Q- v: e6 b
115. Selective strike
% [' ~9 {' L) w* V5 X7 Q# X3 F
% I) X# j# X; m; \Multi-Industry Strikes1 P" m! ]( a' K& i+ ~
6 g2 z- W P; i- o$ J. M$ P
116. Generalized strike1 p2 \1 x- I1 L3 b$ U( N r
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117. General strike* i. k+ c7 w6 u4 z' _. z8 n
C- i9 x! m; z6 |5 ?
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ R8 S7 c3 u+ C( ]7 U* S
" Q' I" q/ C. V. z 118. Hartal
9 d5 M) |# A6 b7 R. r5 F' {* P4 s. n& l) K z8 a1 O7 H
119. Economic shutdown
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1 ?6 t$ @" H/ q3 o: i& @# [/ W$ i+ [
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, t% D* q( N* d7 }' @" ~9 m QTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) }4 R" X6 Q( W6 J: T* V& O
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8 F" N" h: n: H' _' PRejection of Authority" @8 H% v/ G3 D( e7 I# V
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# N" N, s2 `" \* i- N 121. Refusal of public support1 f0 d" f6 t1 {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 t) w2 C& b: D& C/ T" Y O( M) H( Y& g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 L1 d4 [- W+ t$ K
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# r1 T* d! D/ C& m8 h 124. Boycott of elections9 _3 I- Y6 [2 j* b
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* u& J( r# R6 l. q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 x$ y" n' c0 _8 t2 t8 D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( A/ ?; r' M4 ~, n
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: Z8 U7 Q& \- @2 {) Y1 F L/ m0 L 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* N' m$ ]6 ?% l) r 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 \* ^, N; `- U b 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* o2 J: G& K5 U0 R5 i/ J9 y) Q `
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" W$ ? d4 X$ N8 e- B w0 M( ]
r, M( C2 P' G8 R0 s+ j# b6 A sCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ ~* r5 u- _' k% \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 _6 [. f8 b/ q. q9 p6 l, r
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* ^5 e3 p2 Z8 f2 N. M. i 135. Popular nonobedience
7 s, k( N' X1 I+ e2 ? 136. Disguised disobedience
: r) Y# g8 C# q+ O! { C. A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& }( B0 n; m% `+ h
138. Sitdown! V: d& i; N. C$ w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# L) {9 z4 ?1 R) v
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& A# T0 j$ [3 J, L& |
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; T( G* m) V% A- x
5 }, T1 i) b( lAction by Government Personnel! N# N: n8 A) b0 s! l8 M0 u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 O! ]8 r6 A) P1 s: g% n 143. Blocking of lines of command and information# ~6 _( V& U2 W* u+ ?" }
144. Stalling and obstruction
* }& l& g8 D1 i9 q$ i 145. General administrative noncooperation
$ B8 M4 _ C7 y: g3 q) f9 C' U# C7 y3 h& n
146. Judicial noncooperation
; Y' c0 g6 W) w4 c& k$ r. ]* X 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 m4 z: T/ G" y C 148. Mutiny0 F6 P8 |% u# P, @% l T S+ j
Domestic Governmental Action0 i1 @6 S2 ~" e- {
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. ]! }7 C% N+ B
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% n+ A6 ~; T: U7 `6 P
7 ]# A# n+ F g/ I* M
International Governmental Action" i& t& ^1 S3 J8 @. b; C1 ?) W1 S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 z' ?7 [+ k% S! R 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 Z3 b- j5 ]6 X* t5 i. B4 c
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 W9 g4 n7 u& c {6 X5 H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, H; f! _( H2 b- @- j 155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ @7 ^* ?' i$ V7 N% x
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( g, m* [: ?7 |' ^; T 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 V- I( e: o0 J m
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, u g# ~8 b, DTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% ?, F, k2 j$ v d. F- _
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3 B$ s# Z8 }3 z
Psychological Intervention3 v' i5 `) e/ }" d2 c: V; R
158. Self-exposure to the elements
. I' f! v* z: ~- U# o2 H 159. The fast
! N$ D0 s# ~9 d0 w$ g a) Fast of moral pressure' k H! [/ \9 A
b) Hunger strike
/ t; c& z J0 S1 t( t5 p c) Satyagrahic fast
& A: z$ K7 u' O8 ?$ [1 h 160. Reverse trial
9 z) c9 ?, ]9 d; c7 f- \ 161. Nonviolent harassment
& P% s4 M$ s" b6 X* X G" N: b
9 k- B% Y [: P( ~Physical Intervention) [: ]" i, y9 E3 q: ?
162. Sit-in
; E! d1 u9 l5 c$ ^( T0 U9 r. ~ 163. Stand-in* t' d# o8 ]& B: `- @
164. Ride-in( O2 Y# `; Q' J: }* w
165. Wade-in
. V. d7 p; @5 {4 _ 166. Mill-in) `8 g' w; F/ H1 i3 L! {
167. Pray-in
3 S$ s: Z b0 l9 F4 K# o 168. Nonviolent raids
1 @8 P' g: S3 j7 ? 169. Nonviolent air raids6 i; r& h2 [; W& ]2 j) ~9 A' p
170. Nonviolent invasion' o8 s( i+ n6 A% S
171. Nonviolent interjection
0 U2 w6 \: D+ m5 W5 e 172. Nonviolent obstruction
, _/ c& g. j* o: B, A. q6 L! m7 l4 d 173. Nonviolent occupation! }2 z! x3 F( u5 u/ q( j
5 i& h2 o0 t# O5 wSocial Intervention8 Y: F6 T& O5 h* j- r8 o# i
174. Establishing new social patterns
( r' A" K7 y; K+ A: v X) O/ J8 W& Z 175. Overloading of facilities
+ c" N0 F [" g" k$ ` 176. Stall-in
3 z/ u6 P( ]$ \$ O- \ 177. Speak-in
6 e1 r2 [- [0 W 178. Guerrilla theater
) |( H$ b6 X' b/ _2 U9 E/ q 179. Alternative social institutions7 X7 J% q8 v* x. T
180. Alternative communication system. N+ \8 G5 B% ~: S& L5 Q8 A
9 ?; j9 R u6 c+ c2 H' F3 C
Economic Intervention/ ?& Y8 G- ^: `/ y) z2 D
181. Reverse strike, Y* H: b8 o6 v h* U2 l
182. Stay-in strike
; b# b. V- j' ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
) I6 t( x4 F2 b0 H& x% D 184. Defiance of blockades" t' D* Y5 ~7 y6 h1 b3 l9 {/ {( l8 y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 j" A( o9 z/ A9 J" P; q1 q
186. Preclusive purchasing
: a' d, \- h; [. Y j 187. Seizure of assets
( V# T: |3 K* e) r9 h) ~ 188. Dumping
' I/ V8 i: @4 J. a; g8 B2 W, m 189. Selective patronage6 t' x8 j6 [, v; R! M* C
190. Alternative markets/ }/ k! y2 m7 k
191. Alternative transportation systems3 d9 X) _5 U7 ?+ u4 A
192. Alternative economic institutions; l# F' O2 K3 m. o
- N- Z8 q. U+ B8 h6 i" d# A0 qPolitical Intervention
7 u4 e% X/ H6 y 193. Overloading of administrative systems& a* D" [- `. ]/ o' o" h) y4 J
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% p- K5 X" a1 b
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 c$ }" }) N- v# R( i 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- ]' s3 [* D: l6 u% ^' R
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 Y) l7 E J. s# z9 \5 q. s) Y& h 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. Y% r( g: Y. X3 f0 K
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
