 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 Z. o c1 {% tFormal Statements
2 M; _2 _9 w" Y/ _ 1. Public Speeches% V" A! \: l% J8 c1 Z" I
2. Letters of opposition or support) n, v% c. v& c: p n/ r# l, G0 E
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* t% z4 @1 C0 s& w* G/ K
4. Signed public statements& h. c$ d: n+ Q( i7 a! p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention; ?; b6 o" Q; D
6. Group or mass petitions& |& i Q+ r1 Z7 n: t
# g; [# p! F( M" Y* A( c$ I' v
Communications with a Wider Audience$ D: Q2 |3 A3 k
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 { p; Z4 J/ f3 d( u$ Q( l4 u3 ]. [# ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 _1 g9 R$ [+ T: |
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ X* ~5 q0 I0 u; h+ I7 o
10. Newspapers and journals2 }) ?, [8 j- K- Y5 X5 {
11. Records, radio, and television
T2 @7 I2 R+ W9 Q2 C 12. Skywriting and earthwriting& n9 F u/ t; a+ P6 k8 o, E
* Z2 T3 B- w, IGroup Representations8 J3 M2 `$ r1 \+ R
13. Deputations
2 X. |! n& v u0 O5 r6 |2 f# q! Z" t 14. Mock awards$ p) |5 \4 }; Y0 F
15. Group lobbying- |; Y& I7 ~6 A" E7 f
16. Picketing3 L5 e6 `! [) [+ @% r7 y
17. Mock elections
0 {1 B5 ` f/ {. a7 K0 B- M4 @- i7 o2 Q! |: P/ f& y; _5 o
Symbolic Public Acts
- ^* S \0 v M. X" H+ d# }2 J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 b) G$ ^/ G$ G- W7 T& V
19. Wearing of symbols- h' X8 Z+ v5 `1 l- q5 V9 k
20. Prayer and worship* F+ B; q" d# Z7 a( [$ p
21. Delivering symbolic objects( ?/ X4 B# i! c9 i4 B$ [1 C
22. Protest disrobings3 K z3 ? F$ S, [% r5 j
23. Destruction of own property
+ n8 y2 K: Q5 Y0 P0 x: d 24. Symbolic lights+ X( b2 J" }- U( W4 b/ p8 Q
25. Displays of portraits8 g7 |3 v8 v% b% p6 ?0 z
26. Paint as protest( w# u0 J3 C* h" r7 y4 Z
27. New signs and names* ]$ ~: J7 K! s7 a& O
28. Symbolic sounds. z9 R. ~1 K0 U2 `6 p
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 v! G2 n u8 }& e q. S 30. Rude gestures
! X" c. x2 g q& C6 D# z. H
, p. h3 L9 w( H+ n( X, l FPressures on Individuals7 o* ], t* k! i
31. “Haunting” officials. t5 K+ @( l& d" K, B0 M7 u9 T; n
32. Taunting officials
4 |7 `) ]# E8 W 33. Fraternization
4 s- Q& ]& i; O' l: _/ N8 `0 ^ 34. Vigils1 O2 A6 \8 @! G- _
& H6 m) O4 D# v0 Q1 ^ {" ?Drama and Music
. A9 o' C1 {4 Q7 F# l/ z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 N0 B _ a4 E 36. Performances of plays and music5 p* T6 }' ^, c' e' b* k0 o
37. Singing, {. t9 f3 ?! `. u9 m0 H( U1 G/ `
; j9 p0 _4 ~* w1 j5 m# z% Z
Processions" Z/ g$ Y8 m& W8 Z* o
38. Marches( Y7 e# K- J2 b
39. Parades$ I3 X& J0 j2 ?7 r+ U/ t' c: u+ Q
40. Religious processions# \* ?4 w4 J% I5 W( q3 F
41. Pilgrimages
2 c: V0 b- ^6 }) ]% L3 T" u- I$ B! { 42. Motorcades
! _- g% w4 r9 S! q. O4 v- m/ x6 b2 Y
Honoring the Dead
$ ^' C/ E' b8 x0 A, x% E( v6 p 43. Political mourning
* i9 p, Z2 J8 [ i+ C 44. Mock funerals
; E) z4 R+ Z8 T2 M! z& d 45. Demonstrative funerals
, b, h+ Y8 X4 D9 Y 46. Homage at burial places
8 k7 f* t0 n; l) w/ P/ H, f7 c7 @$ R: P! B
Public Assemblies
V- k. c1 h( c# \ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
# v) q& ]6 G1 }* q% K 48. Protest meetings
- |- M4 X5 t6 x 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 P5 G( q4 G: l* @; J* O
50. Teach-ins
Q! | q6 b/ I" h
; `' ?' C0 x; BWithdrawal and Renunciation4 R) p4 M* U9 ~8 b/ [+ }" z
51. Walk-outs
" ^7 R y- b: ~3 \; ] 52. Silence/ O% D* G6 M6 z) j$ f }
53. Renouncing honors6 ^' n3 _3 n$ r
54. Turning one’s back
+ K3 S% ]: Y9 P/ L8 b0 M! ~2 w5 s# ~6 K
9 f- U7 z8 {! J# c
9 ?/ h) D3 s; z. B" S; S9 }2 Z. I
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 X3 F* {& A5 e4 {2 ~/ p0 \2 v
8 P( a3 l# v# p' S& [1 ~
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2 F" \6 s' k. n8 _+ C0 T' x2 bOstracism of Persons! c: p# W/ ?' d0 Q7 E
55. Social boycott
3 w1 o, E3 N5 z6 f9 T+ o 56. Selective social boycott1 |# X# e- j" G4 Z; z
57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 g P' y+ S1 K& x6 a9 W( S2 M 58. Excommunication1 W# Y' F6 |7 L/ B' [+ d
59. Interdict
; c- w, p6 q. v* D- l& A2 Y* v( A! I: X" U7 t5 f: Q" f' J
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 s5 y' A+ H9 c' I1 U5 f& ~ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities( y! W# V( |8 w/ M4 m
61. Boycott of social affairs
T7 n' o) e# s2 F, I 62. Student strike4 Y7 P# o& N% O
63. Social disobedience- k e$ I# \2 Q( w/ q9 `1 P
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 j% ?2 A- }% V+ ^2 R5 a3 O) Q) ^: n4 F
Withdrawal from the Social System
* z a. J- u' _( z; C) Q2 ~ 65. Stay-at-home
: U! T, _3 y6 X 66. Total personal noncooperation& c, W& e/ |) z
67. “Flight” of workers
4 p' y. U% |( l. t6 i! F, | {+ ~5 ~ 68. Sanctuary3 S) Y% D9 b. U" J. O: L
69. Collective disappearance& G. G% n9 V0 N1 M4 a
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ A$ o& [4 _3 x0 `: Z+ ?! E0 ~; M+ |/ @! t
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5 j1 V8 U' V+ i0 ^4 X% a% vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS y8 Y" y# n3 i1 M
' t0 y7 U' C3 U
' l% y8 C8 u" D) ?3 V# B0 wActions by Consumers
0 h' Y8 V% }5 u* j k1 H 71. Consumers’ boycott* X8 p/ v* O7 e% M: ^3 k' E
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 S. W& d4 G F4 c0 U$ g
73. Policy of austerity2 t& U2 W! e0 d$ r0 \4 ?$ N
74. Rent withholding
1 ]4 w" }8 m5 ^+ }; v3 w 75. Refusal to rent5 F' b- r* |+ R
76. National consumers’ boycott0 F- \9 \# Z; F5 u9 q2 M7 s
77. International consumers’ boycott
- b8 q* U& d' V$ {2 F3 s2 `: C3 U5 Y. ~
Action by Workers and Producers
- [' q" V' w/ b1 X& u. B+ u h& ^5 X 78. Workmen’s boycott l! d! M9 C' z( p; C9 `# e, L1 G
79. Producers’ boycott
! Q2 q" w6 C$ @% ?$ H$ v. e
1 H! Q; w8 }2 S" \ x! {Action by Middlemen
8 n' A# c2 \2 h9 h& k 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott2 v7 \1 w+ P" `* G+ ]9 m" V7 ]
/ a2 B6 W0 a+ s% n% J2 Z
Action by Owners and Management9 T9 m$ p0 Z3 I: e( m
81. Traders’ boycott
' v9 P0 t8 E4 O0 \+ s 82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ E* d0 j( G3 g( v2 c 83. Lockout
. \) ]0 _' P0 r7 f; G5 U6 { ~ x 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ @3 P8 C2 ~& v( y) n. A0 ~1 a 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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% o& w- i4 X0 ?/ z8 B' FAction by Holders of Financial Resources
2 d8 Q0 c* E( _' D v0 K* _) F/ Z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 ~9 ]+ F0 i, { h- [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
3 V4 Z2 u" | x' B+ G. z5 H 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ x* M+ R' F; k2 l# m
89. Severance of funds and credit9 i7 X/ E& X' D
90. Revenue refusal
# V9 F1 \4 w" C* Y$ k 91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 j) n4 f' c! v
& a5 A1 l* I1 A& H( [0 iAction by Governments
" B% d4 P+ V0 M. I, N0 P/ z 92. Domestic embargo5 J. X, d# [" X- T1 ~% p
93. Blacklisting of traders, P( Y. O! D* C( t# J I' a4 D3 q
94. International sellers’ embargo
' N! J; Z, A2 } 95. International buyers’ embargo, H) S! P% f. X* I y6 j! a9 v
96. International trade embargo
% Q: Y! i' R2 R$ ~1 J3 ?
1 U: E; p* G+ G+ Z1 p 1 i' }' p! Y. I0 q. A# l9 g' M
1 ]* v: @$ _8 }$ `4 Q0 rTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
- g: Z) T' |, H+ ?& `+ z5 d( m3 ? D3 Z+ |0 s+ x" B9 S0 @5 r
4 {0 ?8 n3 T2 r% m- n& F6 u( `" D
Symbolic Strikes8 { ` d0 g7 Y. j8 I$ ]7 y
97. Protest strike- d4 z/ D" b: A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); ~8 T9 W. ]6 g( e' ]
. w' H( V% _# f! o# @% O
Agricultural Strikes* y" f! S. ?2 T( B+ @ z' d6 b
99. Peasant strike
+ m2 N- b9 z: R4 v7 O0 s" y" a; g! Y 100. Farm Workers’ strike
, q$ R8 P0 i N7 y! ?8 r1 v5 t: P) n+ z( f |+ c3 ~8 L& e/ J4 g
Strikes by Special Groups" Z# h4 O A4 f9 C
101. Refusal of impressed labor
' H" y: w& U( W. k5 d- k 102. Prisoners’ strike% @! C6 \( @$ y" a2 I! P1 Z- u1 ]
103. Craft strike
$ b) o; `1 z& R2 m8 r# I# F 104. Professional strike% E* F" g0 Q+ v7 Z2 Q
]' k$ e+ M) M% `# x2 ^9 I0 EOrdinary Industrial Strikes1 l9 w8 l1 n9 Y+ e- k2 d+ v
105. Establishment strike4 F. x" V/ Y- G( r! r! o1 e, X5 x
106. Industry strike
3 S& G% L6 W# e9 d 107. Sympathetic strike
4 ]1 O* [; `( G1 I
' R! t5 F* z$ Z2 S8 nRestricted Strikes/ v9 Y) P, A, o, W" ?, E
108. Detailed strike
: ~4 C2 o! o- T- O' e8 G. e 109. Bumper strike
2 \1 _/ r# o& r, V6 Z 110. Slowdown strike, a# ?% X7 ~8 ?" S4 m$ y- |7 w
111. Working-to-rule strike
6 c9 K1 n$ r6 U. L( ] 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! _! Y5 ~( w' ^. q
113. Strike by resignation
5 X* M4 O( H C& z/ R) L3 E' J# v2 d8 i 114. Limited strike' Y5 H; ^, C; `/ l! O* v# U% T( @. Q
115. Selective strike
4 ~$ h* u4 \: U3 Q: E, Q4 C7 I: e9 q1 N) q
Multi-Industry Strikes
- A' y# J1 i8 n Z( W) o; f- {: @$ Z ^1 o
116. Generalized strike
2 C* Y8 }7 A* G) U4 Q
! J& m% d8 a6 b7 Y% x0 u 117. General strike
6 A) }8 h* _; g8 h4 S' V2 ~" t
* s& K% Y3 V" U. p) cCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! J3 f# `& V9 B8 }
4 C& V& L8 E9 x$ p 118. Hartal3 O6 c' f% M9 ~8 x' H
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority, C, e3 M* c. s/ u
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* |0 I8 ~1 _7 o a6 J; a; Q
121. Refusal of public support
3 J. C. x; q& U) Q* g* o7 \ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' `" b/ ]2 q. x5 }$ s) N& d
% F5 M0 }2 m3 [9 {% C4 @- j' yCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" S2 A3 L7 j5 e s G 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
~$ `. \9 ^; S2 ?* ~ 124. Boycott of elections
6 D& O* X, a1 v, { 125. Boycott of government employment and positions# G/ C4 t5 k N' D2 ]. N9 w
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies7 }2 u! C; W2 p0 H+ I
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
q4 E: T, `1 A. o- p, ?0 S& }. c2 d, x 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: e3 U% f2 y' N; L 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ k3 q- r2 x2 J4 Z4 Q0 \2 [1 [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& c+ \6 ~1 }( W* ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials% I: J% N, b: ~. {- s2 v
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 ^8 }& l4 D+ F' A' L
3 E5 f3 i+ q5 i% m1 J2 v+ l2 v3 S2 ACitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ G# q, |8 g& z; Y' e4 G 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( M! `4 ^! f+ F, ~ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% Z, d! Z% ]0 Z5 v" I 135. Popular nonobedience7 m% B2 h- H# P; w: d' o N1 ^
136. Disguised disobedience, |# [) r) x! {5 G( d2 l
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 R _7 O4 a% f0 G
138. Sitdown" o q6 a: P3 ~2 d% t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ E/ ?, G5 M6 c" H1 F* W3 Y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ b: [; s$ s2 c$ S0 y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) B8 ]- j: Z |2 X& R7 H
( q" H& i2 a$ i
Action by Government Personnel$ h- \# J; |) L$ T; }
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 j1 D+ G* h. Q- x1 k 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ f# o3 D1 _7 v5 R. k 144. Stalling and obstruction
/ S$ `( l3 f& I$ K 145. General administrative noncooperation4 [ i# P9 C" h8 b" {7 s
7 L1 E2 z# s5 b p. h
146. Judicial noncooperation
) j* K: T4 y9 R 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ U; ?; Q$ |) {4 ?7 h 148. Mutiny
) r6 L+ d# S1 i7 c0 t. RDomestic Governmental Action
) E4 B( n9 c9 u) j, @0 Z' X 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- D* q7 P1 ]' t7 R7 G
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 f; k. I1 {/ b9 U& |, Q5 G+ H4 y
+ s% ?) ^6 U7 w# C& a
International Governmental Action
& t% X2 g7 C6 d/ I! v! P 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, J7 D$ b$ f4 i3 d/ V. i3 e 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 d5 Z0 ^5 \2 t4 R5 x V" d7 ]
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# m$ N7 ^+ Q* B# k 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( T5 c5 j# K- v) C) u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 E J4 B0 S+ ]7 D3 y8 E2 v 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 \3 z+ W' B t7 i) t 157. Expulsion from international organizations
, X: `4 ^3 }) N$ I: \' D2 M& N2 {9 T* f# g, R' ]
- M5 ?% q m$ j: }7 \% `) j
$ a2 }5 h* Q% Q* S f( x% K/ n0 j) h
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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+ d% M% F4 o. G# y* |$ e0 ?* c: ]; `
Psychological Intervention
' O5 r1 l d" Y3 `' O 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 U h1 g) _- X/ Y/ q" Z 159. The fast X) N$ |9 n$ H$ S x4 [
a) Fast of moral pressure0 e# y" S5 G- `" h1 ~ C, |- g' r4 E
b) Hunger strike: j# {2 A) l }9 I
c) Satyagrahic fast% N! h5 K o- \' r! Q; N
160. Reverse trial- I- g/ [8 y9 s: n+ h% X4 b
161. Nonviolent harassment
& ]3 j3 X- N( q; h1 [9 s( r& u4 M5 @$ }& [8 q$ G8 W
Physical Intervention
m! V. U" j3 ^( a/ `& M2 P 162. Sit-in! b( g. _1 ]5 r. w Y% j
163. Stand-in% B, E" q# t" t
164. Ride-in
! t$ H1 G/ i' U. p' } e 165. Wade-in" o, l2 j6 D( K
166. Mill-in
2 }& l* \6 \% ] 167. Pray-in7 s( ?& }3 f+ R W1 \4 ~
168. Nonviolent raids
( l; N% Z3 d8 S* \ O( U% \ 169. Nonviolent air raids. v0 p( O8 l3 p
170. Nonviolent invasion3 }2 w' y( n& J0 Z; D- z
171. Nonviolent interjection' G0 f# x; g+ x3 y/ d: [
172. Nonviolent obstruction0 G `0 w- v1 L* O; U. m
173. Nonviolent occupation
2 a" ~% n* y1 p: f4 h0 H
8 b: o v, F7 `1 VSocial Intervention
& @, Y7 N2 X5 p# ^" A" [ 174. Establishing new social patterns1 B1 P4 s+ C, k9 p0 p# \
175. Overloading of facilities
" W# t. @- _% K! m6 @ 176. Stall-in% f6 k, R; \" f. k: i
177. Speak-in* Z* f2 x$ S2 `7 m* ?5 w# X( i
178. Guerrilla theater/ U# d) i F8 |! q6 R
179. Alternative social institutions
2 ~3 V; h0 b8 g6 B- z) b 180. Alternative communication system
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0 ?6 \! m9 d+ A% fEconomic Intervention
# ? t: d6 V4 H& b: O, Q# `0 A' x 181. Reverse strike* I' v8 q0 a& V0 W; T i
182. Stay-in strike
T9 [+ o7 |+ R; X* M 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 Q, k& A( a `; O 184. Defiance of blockades
" K$ t- I( F& k3 c 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# J" g3 H, [; R5 s: u
186. Preclusive purchasing% l: o f* a* C ^& k$ o
187. Seizure of assets6 s$ H9 B. ~' _- |
188. Dumping7 C6 f% _" k( j' F3 A, U ?) w; h
189. Selective patronage, L. M* G) y, w% f) A
190. Alternative markets
- d# g" x# T# ]1 m 191. Alternative transportation systems2 Q1 D. Z% k$ {7 |; T! j
192. Alternative economic institutions- a0 E, i1 {7 n$ g2 \, s
& y% Q' H6 s" e' W% }& H/ j
Political Intervention
# m _- @6 s/ A d1 J- v 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% U$ m8 l8 I* S5 c Y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 `+ m% M7 f4 ^+ Y* O
195. Seeking imprisonment6 m6 Y& J( N9 X' j
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 ] ^& e! @* s0 T: j 197. Work-on without collaboration
7 i0 R% q; L7 t( R5 R/ [# q5 K6 x 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
