 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! R) Z3 o9 W8 |7 n3 e2 u
Formal Statements* C. u: |3 @' F/ \
1. Public Speeches5 n# S& T9 ?1 n5 v7 ^9 N. F# I2 A
2. Letters of opposition or support
* P5 `$ C) x' F: Y% S 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% h) f/ A7 Q) h2 ?: X
4. Signed public statements) x$ {' j6 I9 y9 i* Z' ^; H2 v- J
5. Declarations of indictment and intention; s) d0 A, B$ A- e: g' v) ?/ e# S! N
6. Group or mass petitions \8 l* o# Y& A0 U# @4 V2 L1 l
8 c3 _% X& X: H' {$ `
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 v( r% Y! S* _$ S m8 E! K. k; [ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- _2 \! s, b. b0 m
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 ^! k9 R) T1 b, d, E1 s 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 [2 u' ]7 @1 S" x; ?
10. Newspapers and journals
/ S" M" W% ^0 p 11. Records, radio, and television3 b9 V: U8 I) l3 }9 }5 f( U
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. X2 `5 n- B! \# Y5 S
0 J; T( Q8 j: {0 ]6 s6 k" rGroup Representations0 d5 W' P8 ]4 F! I
13. Deputations& l5 n2 X3 Y5 R$ y3 J
14. Mock awards- X; `: W5 U; r0 d5 B
15. Group lobbying: b5 u% @4 \5 u
16. Picketing! a% d: p w$ g4 J& x1 l% Q
17. Mock elections
! i! e7 w- ~+ J7 g8 s+ F: Q" y9 C' x% Q: e' q# }0 \7 L
Symbolic Public Acts, c2 b2 g% D9 Q# u2 k- R5 v
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 Z. Z( c0 b! N9 e
19. Wearing of symbols( E! a0 A Y% I4 ~- A, i
20. Prayer and worship
0 D3 Y, ^) A M9 W$ c4 @5 A8 c 21. Delivering symbolic objects
w' C6 f2 ^, A& f* e 22. Protest disrobings
0 [ u* ~+ y6 b 23. Destruction of own property- |2 \% Y1 c5 z) R" u; x+ D
24. Symbolic lights4 r3 g, v4 R! B O( u% I9 b* u# J( D
25. Displays of portraits
8 d7 s" W s# n) `2 Q 26. Paint as protest9 q3 \6 X& b g% x. C4 ]1 k
27. New signs and names8 U! X9 j: Z2 h& O
28. Symbolic sounds
; i5 H. O6 g6 m9 }& l0 ~ 29. Symbolic reclamations1 U3 y4 i A" ?6 I
30. Rude gestures* F t' B4 `& G) e/ ]& L# F9 ]; k
' \9 {% w: S& @* A' D3 X/ fPressures on Individuals
7 n0 g7 a% g: D) b P/ p+ n 31. “Haunting” officials
2 _! U2 e7 ?+ Q0 n* A6 G0 `! d 32. Taunting officials6 p6 P2 D. S6 ^5 @+ ?) P
33. Fraternization; \ o( G" ]4 P7 b4 Y+ p
34. Vigils
' M$ Z9 Z; s; A; l Z
6 B7 K& ^1 m- x. W# |# SDrama and Music# }% h2 p6 g* T' O
35. Humorous skits and pranks
% n% p6 }% F, U& c* } 36. Performances of plays and music
* L; `* ~1 l+ G& q9 H0 o. r" {$ l 37. Singing8 W1 i6 ^. @+ {5 j5 ~ r7 K
# n: C& q& M# T1 c7 J; ?
Processions
. f3 Z, i, D* c# n' L& V 38. Marches$ E0 [6 l6 e2 b J! ^3 i$ Z
39. Parades/ j" a, ` i: u2 Z* U
40. Religious processions
( Q; E7 @: @7 m6 s, J 41. Pilgrimages
, Y; Q! ?" c4 j. P! O 42. Motorcades
* K" ?* j: L9 N/ S: C4 V$ _8 q2 @ i7 b
Honoring the Dead8 |- T2 { F% c& L8 Y3 ]
43. Political mourning# ]# y. _" \* M# G" G
44. Mock funerals& p2 f0 ~" R% g, z' O; M
45. Demonstrative funerals0 |( ~3 Y7 j# K/ C# O: L
46. Homage at burial places
- p8 Z. I* F( M8 N! `4 u4 t! d; t; V: ]3 C5 e8 g8 p
Public Assemblies: i; S2 X3 G& w
47. Assemblies of protest or support0 r) T/ Z3 N% J! M) c
48. Protest meetings( X( J; z% t- I5 S1 m; ]
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! e& I' o' J% e2 m, z
50. Teach-ins3 ?. x# [7 A* d
8 N1 i- J1 q7 i/ @
Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 ]. f+ ~! R; `( x 51. Walk-outs7 e3 U7 j$ K, g% z( p
52. Silence
" z! h1 Z L5 B7 b% N8 b 53. Renouncing honors
3 d, L; ?6 w) n8 n4 P 54. Turning one’s back
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3 F6 r; z, y: ^" Z2 t4 L c
* s: b |5 N& w2 uTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 \6 j1 e& ^ ~: U" A2 N6 C: k! J3 k5 \5 \, q5 u
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Ostracism of Persons
+ j+ ?7 z2 k! i A1 L$ Y" K! w 55. Social boycott
4 e5 D. C( a) s: i( `! d 56. Selective social boycott
# g% d7 k" L# C& X4 K' e 57. Lysistratic nonaction. f, c7 D" m( v- j. C2 n5 Y- Q! ]
58. Excommunication
( U+ a2 V, ~3 w 59. Interdict
4 P$ _* A1 k9 Q4 c2 F. y4 X; p0 ?8 Z3 G. L, h* b- X
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, Y; C" {9 x: q/ Q 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 q. z v3 q0 A$ t) e 61. Boycott of social affairs
9 x; P+ c5 M# C1 D0 ^7 Y9 K 62. Student strike, Z$ }* g( b M0 y5 t/ h8 s
63. Social disobedience
! g4 E$ j/ a( I9 c3 ] 64. Withdrawal from social institutions# j9 i& @/ j' H9 ?7 g
8 A) y- l, M. F$ ~* Y3 jWithdrawal from the Social System, p, m, w m3 ]' n
65. Stay-at-home* J: Q0 B2 y. X7 o0 u: G
66. Total personal noncooperation
& n3 h4 a: a$ k: w 67. “Flight” of workers# p b- q0 i' A( `
68. Sanctuary0 M v; c: G5 F5 O7 q- [! g
69. Collective disappearance9 g( R: w7 r* C
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
* p1 N( v1 Q X: A5 I( l5 l' d$ X4 B$ a, N. u5 E, C1 X. {
6 }% m8 s" c) X% v
0 Q7 V, ?* d2 X h4 U; YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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& ~# N! R$ W m, b% _2 s2 gActions by Consumers
6 r0 }# o, B9 P Y% B 71. Consumers’ boycott7 t# h \; s, u
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ Y3 q+ H! e% z2 y) d" o 73. Policy of austerity
4 |# C2 A3 ~1 w p, s/ r0 } 74. Rent withholding ^$ M" @( `1 p
75. Refusal to rent
- g* t. s( `/ w8 |0 G/ e4 S; g- Q 76. National consumers’ boycott
3 L3 p0 l' L. }5 N. Q# E* d" t4 W9 Y 77. International consumers’ boycott
! t4 o) b5 s* n5 c `
1 @* Q6 `0 T4 g2 G$ uAction by Workers and Producers( B4 J- X) X. [. `0 G* z
78. Workmen’s boycott0 G# I$ |7 H$ P6 ?/ G) Z6 H
79. Producers’ boycott
' u6 B2 a0 c. ?- M' A; x
9 l5 X ?: N! @6 N' S: n2 gAction by Middlemen* f# h) h& x" E! u! Z t8 W
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ }- D& U$ J* b0 k" \5 h
/ f7 _( d) N- R: ]+ b+ UAction by Owners and Management
/ Q* D! d* y8 Q9 R 81. Traders’ boycott
4 x# @* s; V3 w6 F* W$ Y y$ R 82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 ]1 \4 x! c9 Y9 L$ f* b 83. Lockout" K [9 U* r' x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ x- \, }6 | e/ ^7 S$ B
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 \/ Y% P) z9 U3 ]8 K! M& d d% C, @ |' B* \
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& q2 S+ `3 Q( E) i% h
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ T* N/ a! [' s8 d 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 y* m: O, `* c' v 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" J3 {$ {* }! K 89. Severance of funds and credit1 ^) x' E& Y x' `7 R4 }
90. Revenue refusal, N. t( i% ^6 ~* v$ W& g2 y! f! l6 o
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! i5 E1 |( P+ [9 N% o7 ^2 d6 J# V* `8 [0 N
Action by Governments# ` b2 L# b- R* v8 k- i9 l
92. Domestic embargo
3 K2 ?# \/ G% t6 v 93. Blacklisting of traders
. w* j8 _+ D" B8 n/ G& ~ 94. International sellers’ embargo
6 o, p+ s( Z, p, \5 w& Z 95. International buyers’ embargo& ~1 B; n" Q$ e8 e
96. International trade embargo/ K* G/ z: j/ o4 n! f
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- `3 F1 Q; s/ XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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9 o' ?* m5 [( u5 V; F
Symbolic Strikes
$ y+ u7 C6 T9 l L 97. Protest strike9 g# N, w. @- e# F, y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
* d+ @# m. n6 p+ L8 p5 x' q, q% u$ q# J; u) m2 j
Agricultural Strikes
8 g0 {' c# |2 x g& z* X 99. Peasant strike
* M! t* c. A, v( P: e2 ?3 {# P 100. Farm Workers’ strike
* c5 c3 ~# P2 Q4 K2 R( Q$ ^/ V) _" w
Strikes by Special Groups; i- {4 L: |+ A+ y
101. Refusal of impressed labor0 E' d( v |- U v5 ?4 B
102. Prisoners’ strike
* n0 ]5 I3 E5 \' K2 | 103. Craft strike
2 C0 G* L/ Q* \! n 104. Professional strike5 J" i( K, K b5 M
% U4 {& O2 w2 v/ |6 mOrdinary Industrial Strikes
6 x ~" L! M- [& H5 T( p 105. Establishment strike
3 U) M% w- M" r+ K4 ]* z1 a 106. Industry strike
6 V3 s# Q( J: t; [8 _8 @ R 107. Sympathetic strike
6 `# S% P+ e) e- e' e, t: |+ Q
2 O2 v( p9 Q4 t4 z$ ?5 y, t- jRestricted Strikes
1 b* t* F( W5 d3 H 108. Detailed strike% n$ V! r) Q) Z6 G( h& K& j& D
109. Bumper strike
4 k; f: C! M# v 110. Slowdown strike4 Z( V4 ~$ f0 J
111. Working-to-rule strike
& u& q( `( _+ H. f9 E 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 b0 A5 k5 q& L* R" ]& C5 x1 T( H 113. Strike by resignation
8 O, C. a7 @2 ~" N9 l6 s 114. Limited strike) _1 C4 H& Z0 v, W/ j2 T
115. Selective strike9 F' x r! |+ q+ W1 }
% l2 @/ ?9 A: {9 N1 S
Multi-Industry Strikes% h7 c( L2 Y. x' r
5 o3 B! @7 p- L. w, M, ]7 x 116. Generalized strike
) _0 n9 A; F9 v9 O5 L4 c
: N' m4 }$ C$ R! l7 X% Q3 } 117. General strike
% z& [% J" I9 }) D" u9 s6 Q" p, g. ?! d/ V" n* P$ z' m, v: h
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 h+ R, ?, W! H: G$ J
# ]" }& l/ E& }* b) c1 _" @2 g
118. Hartal- J6 q" ?( a7 W- A3 p+ ^; U0 D% G
, h) |2 @, R/ {; K: s$ N
119. Economic shutdown
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( p4 B; D J; r0 n$ h1 q7 K% R
?5 ?' _; e, n6 [THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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u0 I/ F# Z, i5 A' Y. k5 s2 uRejection of Authority
/ \* u( |4 T9 \- w/ U6 K, l 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance d- Z3 n+ F: r# M& k
121. Refusal of public support
8 d$ N! \5 X% y: L. L: ^) N5 p 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' D3 ]6 B7 m0 I7 _/ h/ K
/ `4 ~4 r( X: W& a
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 v: O" f) r9 v8 P
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ j9 G& \9 k0 w7 Z2 w: s
124. Boycott of elections% }$ {. k& u7 W5 ]1 ^- \! {
125. Boycott of government employment and positions" {0 S" {* L6 G( D/ j: n( H5 v/ Y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; v& o; d( N; S
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 b+ r. \" a% v3 t( k 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* Q( [2 D6 Q0 q H5 X/ R 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 y/ ~$ w" H5 F4 E, A% X% v; ~+ C% C 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" ] T- R; k7 A; K1 i 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! a) G+ P5 F! ^ k0 |9 M" ? 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 z. m' M8 D5 _) }" p! W) O$ V; B# X( N: w5 H( @
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& O: i3 b3 s7 w+ }/ \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* K( K7 I& K/ T( Q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 Z' }/ E+ T. y& o
135. Popular nonobedience
# S3 w# p7 T. u: u5 O; T6 @ 136. Disguised disobedience/ j; D! O8 F- n0 V! Q, ]& f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% k! C8 @, B/ b. Z
138. Sitdown
[3 q9 _% ?' G$ \" _9 K ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) w$ z5 l, m8 k
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ C6 x3 u% ?/ x, ^! p5 |2 t
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- [* r- d. N% y8 Q0 F
j% T l% H7 w7 mAction by Government Personnel
2 _5 D! |0 _$ [: B7 u 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' u' N) Y. Z ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; h# A+ j$ M/ |# ?: t 144. Stalling and obstruction& b$ l9 v- a4 C2 x* x0 U0 p4 u
145. General administrative noncooperation7 w) ~, C4 F9 Z7 J9 n
9 v7 ^: o5 y+ U
146. Judicial noncooperation9 ]# o7 f6 x8 d X/ G% J
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! {0 |% g- `$ }5 _ 148. Mutiny1 @6 X, Z; e' f9 r
Domestic Governmental Action
& [: k9 D6 H% A- i$ a 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% L F' h; h$ e* k% }1 N$ V# Q
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 r3 ]1 I: a7 s, G9 R5 h; i
" e4 M( Q$ @ |* r6 q6 _+ bInternational Governmental Action
3 r" y& `8 N, j* X% K 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. x8 l* B' A9 N& Q. b
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# n E5 R- O+ a( u# k3 E
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. B) K! m9 y- G1 T2 M
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# Z1 A2 A. ?, X; C 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 ?, f( D$ v/ ]* K 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! H8 g- b& D" a& s7 { ? 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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4 _+ {6 r, {2 h1 F% c
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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7 p. U8 U& }( u }; hPsychological Intervention
" h" F% g$ ?+ q5 O 158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 R1 s% T2 X7 l 159. The fast
& b' N2 I M- ]* F- b a) Fast of moral pressure
, w5 C' o* `7 l* H# ^ b) Hunger strike
& A. o4 h6 d) l# o1 V. H c) Satyagrahic fast
% q2 }* j& v8 P5 G( d. |- f 160. Reverse trial
% j" F5 `3 U% }& F 161. Nonviolent harassment* F5 t& m7 ^) v
. d" W- B/ g' s9 ~- [
Physical Intervention
6 [, c$ w7 F- v1 M 162. Sit-in
& g/ W2 i9 ?4 j) @% `+ { 163. Stand-in, Z5 V) f* B! W" ~4 k" R0 J
164. Ride-in
6 R( h) ~' j5 w) r4 P' ]5 } 165. Wade-in: |1 e! P0 ^7 J6 B, N% P- ?- v& Z
166. Mill-in
; J2 m6 K# U7 i# {% _ 167. Pray-in
5 E- [: K8 H7 v$ C/ C$ m 168. Nonviolent raids
% @+ n$ L( _! {9 j7 W 169. Nonviolent air raids% I! s; e: v: R* s: ]' G2 v$ Z
170. Nonviolent invasion5 `- W3 y4 g; X- J1 [
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 p! O$ R! `; z) t 172. Nonviolent obstruction
~7 J* v" s' _9 c( D& k% ?3 | 173. Nonviolent occupation
% t) D5 R' m& d4 Y4 M+ i4 d, R6 Z( e- k5 t3 }1 p4 Q
Social Intervention
# k `2 p7 w2 f0 b 174. Establishing new social patterns2 E4 g, Y$ q# s( i- W; r; F
175. Overloading of facilities% r7 x: x6 n6 O+ n7 E# c8 k
176. Stall-in
- \5 v: k; r, z( r0 h$ a3 d% o 177. Speak-in3 w/ Y! a7 U: @
178. Guerrilla theater' @* _# g3 o. H' N- p
179. Alternative social institutions) H. Z- g7 @1 a& y
180. Alternative communication system5 }3 A* h; n* s
% j8 \" c, h2 r# cEconomic Intervention
; O& B4 R/ J! Y. A9 J# ^ u. V g 181. Reverse strike+ z) Y) x2 H; N7 \4 b6 {9 D
182. Stay-in strike
7 w" F7 i6 \2 Z* q7 A: I 183. Nonviolent land seizure
% s" A2 Y/ q" Y6 b$ N3 O" @8 ~5 Q 184. Defiance of blockades7 ]0 j% ~) Y" M$ P+ t( {4 c5 \
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! A" ]" m9 g9 h2 {& V7 L8 `" q 186. Preclusive purchasing
* O7 w0 G, a2 ]$ `! b/ T0 v 187. Seizure of assets4 X+ [, u- }' l9 L! n8 o( c' G5 M
188. Dumping
; `' n- B c& O8 t/ W2 I1 z3 i9 H 189. Selective patronage8 A% H' k5 o% r6 R( Y
190. Alternative markets- y% D+ r% G( a6 @
191. Alternative transportation systems6 q6 N7 [' t/ k5 _( k7 G: D, w v
192. Alternative economic institutions
- U6 V6 [% _- `9 j
' N: B$ }: G' p+ pPolitical Intervention
* c, s0 @ `/ H/ d- A3 e. F 193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 F( m/ m( K& u7 h. a# P& r 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" C z2 C8 t. K9 j2 V8 W! r
195. Seeking imprisonment: g: p K0 q; V( D2 k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. b' n; [* E: g* z' V
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 t# I1 o* J1 N8 \1 u! S 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government [# P$ _; D2 i8 m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
