 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! A0 ]( s4 @) K3 Q. P! w
Formal Statements& v2 K0 c0 ~; \" a# g1 G
1. Public Speeches
9 y5 E. [+ H. O. H 2. Letters of opposition or support% c" O' ~" j0 Q, y
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 `( M& j4 [6 E3 B% p
4. Signed public statements2 P( y3 x; [5 f! l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) O$ s) ~4 D4 t7 f; i' [2 s0 o! B# \ 6. Group or mass petitions6 }. L# \! H- E7 V2 V3 c6 ^6 q
, e- {8 U( v A* NCommunications with a Wider Audience2 l) g) }6 c* P i7 D' ^& h7 S' E
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 z' Z4 K w6 \9 }. e
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' d' `4 r% ~5 |# R 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. V) |/ f% d& _: V$ i8 }# Y
10. Newspapers and journals
4 }) X2 L+ ^% U0 G0 o a% I 11. Records, radio, and television
/ \ ^: ]% l* r) q8 w% Z! a* N 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* B! R* p; e$ e$ K$ \: y0 a) [5 a0 H" B
Group Representations
/ c( `4 G& p& A* u1 J2 I 13. Deputations* W' b6 t ~% {: j& E' k* C
14. Mock awards% ~) F# z: x% g! e/ Q6 o: P+ }
15. Group lobbying
8 C% ]# i" L. M* @ ]* r' m" w' G; ] 16. Picketing
1 K) Z; q3 m- b: ^4 K& q 17. Mock elections& `! h' T& e& Y6 `2 Y$ i7 \0 X
+ v) j, a" R+ m3 ^/ M5 W
Symbolic Public Acts; K$ y( ?3 g: }2 m1 E" W3 Q
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ c# G% i/ a8 t/ G( B/ i2 T
19. Wearing of symbols2 q+ E8 l+ Z' X! Z
20. Prayer and worship. T" `% i7 y0 O
21. Delivering symbolic objects& \+ ?8 x6 f+ n1 q+ P+ z# E7 p4 I# C' W
22. Protest disrobings
* O# \- c7 H$ U6 o, u' K3 d' {5 [ 23. Destruction of own property
1 z9 m+ q/ @% x$ t2 E f; R) r 24. Symbolic lights$ l* F' t- H' J; ~& e
25. Displays of portraits8 I+ Y& e, ^) H
26. Paint as protest2 v7 e5 n: q# G8 r% [7 a* T
27. New signs and names
8 e' O# w& @2 m" ]9 o# E F& Q 28. Symbolic sounds
5 x6 S1 l2 q4 ~$ c6 } 29. Symbolic reclamations. Q$ [7 R2 Y; E' q( ~/ y) c5 |$ A/ t
30. Rude gestures
. e5 u5 X+ \1 h4 n
8 u5 u- d4 Q- o! H0 N, b- i$ LPressures on Individuals; X. E2 y+ y4 d- F2 ~' p) \9 J r
31. “Haunting” officials. e1 v8 p" v0 y" e/ o
32. Taunting officials
@) b/ o! K* s0 K% Z- b1 ~ 33. Fraternization$ x! X8 B# y7 O; B
34. Vigils, j- R) n( W# y& S0 t
( s, l% [" q0 n" i9 ^* XDrama and Music; q. \4 ]5 _6 A' H* ?
35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 G: c6 C: q# _/ \ w) P: M7 N 36. Performances of plays and music6 @/ q; `2 E& h5 f/ c
37. Singing/ t2 b8 o# b4 R- ~! I& v
3 i& T' n( n5 N5 q$ w3 p$ ]
Processions3 v C: A& C& a6 X, v% E6 R
38. Marches
6 r$ V. |4 t( P 39. Parades
. e0 Y; c1 I: `+ J F3 f& _ 40. Religious processions" ]6 x9 ~; o( Z& n* E6 B, v d% i
41. Pilgrimages/ x }0 G8 S1 G( W+ T' ~
42. Motorcades
1 T; I: N: B3 x& B" N( B8 a
! a! d! ~* j$ A9 l3 F8 x% `Honoring the Dead
$ D; Y! @9 R% v. Z 43. Political mourning) s5 O- U U' V5 ^$ B! C* K5 Q
44. Mock funerals0 S- ^ R3 j# q
45. Demonstrative funerals/ n# n! N+ `3 l" u( |4 k* D9 D
46. Homage at burial places
* w3 k3 a" @$ F. Z3 c* ^$ U3 g C' b* R9 C8 u- J
Public Assemblies T1 O3 d% `) k: |; y) U: C
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 T; M! ~ P% r0 r/ S/ t0 g
48. Protest meetings
5 ^8 y/ [* p! R+ U, A 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, t9 z9 n$ Z* o. h: P t, x4 A 50. Teach-ins
: @) W+ k( ~( Q3 I& e Y A: h+ n& L2 |* U5 ~' l! J
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 t- O7 X; W; D( |7 I( k1 B
51. Walk-outs
9 N7 @% [9 U5 {# S v C( ^1 E( ?/ | 52. Silence* h3 r7 n* e/ N
53. Renouncing honors
+ e; A# a Q2 I! ^" {% z; w$ f2 e 54. Turning one’s back
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( B9 K% @/ N+ Y wTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 q8 ^! A1 f' H n+ `0 n6 L; w* t8 a9 `& t, l
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& h" k0 U3 x c K- POstracism of Persons
' ?6 V/ T! H6 U, F 55. Social boycott/ j* W- Z8 k. s" s* ]% k3 H! ^
56. Selective social boycott5 q9 q% a! X& m# r5 q- s3 j6 d) I
57. Lysistratic nonaction- _' V$ u3 p3 U0 u; H' D" I5 ?
58. Excommunication
+ B( _* `" I+ n% W* }6 { 59. Interdict, P! G) Q& o* U3 j# }+ @$ p
& S+ X3 U8 D8 W" TNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# G1 K) E% k; v$ z8 u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ ?) y; M7 \- t5 h
61. Boycott of social affairs. B# E x3 U) p! Q
62. Student strike
2 u S5 _( q: j ?0 B. J 63. Social disobedience7 ~( V& L4 r5 l9 I+ s2 }* N
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 b# i4 ?/ V/ c8 |9 E
; D2 Y2 U; t& y2 \Withdrawal from the Social System
# v9 V4 z9 C$ R% j7 g0 ^ g 65. Stay-at-home2 H2 ^9 {! i) X* L3 [+ y& q+ j
66. Total personal noncooperation
' `% S# G) O2 g7 e$ {8 I* [ 67. “Flight” of workers
- L; H& B9 ~8 v% b3 r- Q( A; O0 T 68. Sanctuary* P* t. g2 e5 {& O1 j
69. Collective disappearance
! `' ?3 A/ ]5 }+ c! F2 ? b! f 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
+ d! J6 d" h6 a1 S1 j! J0 ~0 L# ~* W& i5 X, U. Q8 S
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- J6 E& ?. [# }* X o* T% \
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Actions by Consumers( D2 j9 O7 U" v% r2 D4 `! \& d
71. Consumers’ boycott, h( f' q$ y9 t( p
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& `$ j' k/ p$ s4 ]- b7 b
73. Policy of austerity
4 l6 j q2 T6 \% l9 W# H 74. Rent withholding0 y6 c2 ~+ N4 [& m
75. Refusal to rent
: w; i, u& h) [ 76. National consumers’ boycott
6 r) G: b+ l& s 77. International consumers’ boycott
# D% A2 k( j: w# A* W* j! F8 n7 l% e. D1 R S
Action by Workers and Producers
6 E- Y: L" Q& f" _8 `( i 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ U) d/ ~2 R6 E/ [0 [8 U 79. Producers’ boycott
- q) J. [) v% |) g s) U6 _/ K$ \' C0 _: r- h1 I! Y; B
Action by Middlemen
$ K% m* y1 q4 | 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ `; C5 ]) k ]+ b5 f" l) p2 E% o" ?% b+ m' u2 K4 S8 J
Action by Owners and Management
1 _5 @& b- \: U5 S5 i 81. Traders’ boycott
6 ]$ z2 `: C. u7 U" a; b, H 82. Refusal to let or sell property
( L" k% U7 a/ r 83. Lockout
6 o* v: S8 s5 q6 U7 L; I4 q 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) v7 j5 Q5 b" ^( F0 c7 E5 E 85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ W/ A' Q F1 d/ @. O
1 t+ Q9 M. `* d; p1 D5 L6 i
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
n8 v' O0 Y$ p0 Q" i7 z5 v 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 t5 n3 u: X) W: I0 F$ u2 Q U
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% }/ M- V8 J( q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" b* h T) I3 R 89. Severance of funds and credit: p5 j2 ^4 R, P5 L( F0 G9 K8 g
90. Revenue refusal
4 _- |" H6 j1 L5 A# j; U8 m9 Q9 v 91. Refusal of a government’s money% l( j5 ^1 s( j, ?; W
* x/ [) e! s( C% `3 JAction by Governments7 _! y1 H3 H6 Q7 g$ v6 I7 n0 D* x
92. Domestic embargo; V! Z+ b" ]7 B( }/ J3 {% p
93. Blacklisting of traders+ I# l; m) u$ [, X- x
94. International sellers’ embargo1 M0 V) b1 t/ p! y' o
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 ?0 B+ e z9 U* [2 v( b O# T" d 96. International trade embargo4 x1 h3 z9 B2 p/ B; L8 e7 y2 @
6 F6 T& Z# k' G! i" I$ m
1 ? O% }& J, ?7 K \5 z
- p7 ]* P) B8 U/ h0 xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 D, j0 p" i. R% C% V( |
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" Y* n' c9 s" d% Q+ dSymbolic Strikes% Z0 _/ _- {& O6 ^5 w
97. Protest strike
- o( Z* U: r V9 L1 b4 q" n2 F 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 T4 k9 @0 C: x% k
1 a( x, `& h) }6 g' V4 N; w3 KAgricultural Strikes3 |' D! {. p1 p: h
99. Peasant strike5 Q0 e( p! T& @, W' A' D& m
100. Farm Workers’ strike
; {1 w$ A: J9 O. ?( w/ h4 m+ X' ~0 l% k1 V: ~/ X: D; k
Strikes by Special Groups
& n- [/ I; g0 Z) i. |+ h1 {$ ` 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 c- n- P" ]1 i
102. Prisoners’ strike
, t2 n7 U& f4 Q$ Y& u3 ? 103. Craft strike5 s+ S9 l& g# c' @
104. Professional strike3 Q$ Y$ ?2 u/ _: P7 n
" p! o+ f! Z! k5 `Ordinary Industrial Strikes
, a' K) i' q; n 105. Establishment strike
0 `3 |/ G2 J1 g 106. Industry strike h" o3 K- u0 B, ?" O
107. Sympathetic strike5 ^* s# e$ b7 a
0 K; x, z8 B2 R% _4 q
Restricted Strikes' Q D! B9 v6 O! J ] r
108. Detailed strike3 M7 p/ S# L" q
109. Bumper strike; o3 E7 [, G2 k$ w" c6 P% U
110. Slowdown strike
- G: q0 h1 t$ M6 M B& U 111. Working-to-rule strike& y$ b ]" |6 q0 r# W" L6 C
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 s3 {1 P8 o7 X- v! J: o9 |' b4 o 113. Strike by resignation
8 ^4 W8 O$ ~! H7 t 114. Limited strike
. f: S& {) C! y1 I, _& t; K 115. Selective strike
/ B& D9 ^3 V! g. n0 H
v+ t3 R) A; iMulti-Industry Strikes3 H: \7 i: k& h" P0 O0 q+ `' O& X$ Z
: {; J6 K4 [/ s+ ^! l
116. Generalized strike
* {9 G9 i6 w+ H9 C5 V& t) b% u& f3 |
: F/ r$ b/ Z ?! U4 b/ w 117. General strike9 m, A0 I5 c# L. a
4 N0 H) [8 u$ ?
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures" L) F, k8 x. R' K' x* q
- H) |* h @* C( e
118. Hartal
p# x: V) L0 S' O& H3 V
[! x2 R# b1 m o( s 119. Economic shutdown. v+ S5 D& Q; o: e
* v- |1 s9 n& i/ _* X2 M A" d & f# X( r% }1 }7 }
/ j% T9 z7 y1 ~/ ^2 BTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' ]# \, N& Y& Z5 e
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Rejection of Authority
2 z* O3 w2 a1 x' D 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- d# j" _) p" o7 F- a7 B q7 P 121. Refusal of public support
7 N7 Y' k6 S# } 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 O6 N, k. ^- ^3 F
% X8 X) v: h. P) h3 x& aCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ Y' A& j& y! L1 `- ` V) F3 l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 n# p T) t: f3 Z/ e 124. Boycott of elections6 W; ]) g Q) q% Y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* p, F) l' V+ d! D 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" h" H" m# q6 } 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ B$ Q' v& E" B! n6 E1 r- [7 S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: s$ L; W+ |8 w" p( m8 y- S* f$ H
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ f, y/ k% s% H. Y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& N! T) h& F. l Y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) A2 v) _0 p$ H) `! P0 [0 E* E6 Y2 @
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 ^/ a$ Y% C! |& `' I, F3 J3 W
* u( g; {% V* I+ `3 yCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! T! W( |' _/ T' G/ v+ k, t 133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ q# a, c( G2 h1 |* g$ n
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% h: M+ z; E. B% @' K
135. Popular nonobedience8 W" l! g8 ]' g M$ X2 s8 i
136. Disguised disobedience$ c2 B& E3 ^3 O' u# v x1 ?9 i
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
O# {& u# T: B% O 138. Sitdown
+ L: G) }+ P: [/ x s 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 M6 W# T* [* p7 H. ~% |; ` 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' O- g" z6 N- d/ i
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 ], A' |( {; [ E/ T! J' v6 V4 {5 I+ l b2 r0 v7 z
Action by Government Personnel
) U4 C( ^; a8 Y! H& X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# C" B1 R" n# {# U2 p( F 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! H" _' H3 H. n* M* k/ a 144. Stalling and obstruction
" I( N* |/ N6 v% m# K$ n% K 145. General administrative noncooperation3 v% C* C8 i+ B8 t3 i7 A
0 M* J* K4 q! |, e/ z 146. Judicial noncooperation& d4 ?7 m4 ?4 B0 J& ]+ K" C: n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ u" p) `5 a) D& p+ }- W% N6 Z9 U 148. Mutiny0 G# a1 l# Z5 J/ s% H
Domestic Governmental Action+ Q$ i9 V- q; J& c3 n! o/ W8 H- u
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: }) B7 T& X+ |1 q
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units V0 y5 M$ W4 q9 z# Y
/ x1 P1 v3 p$ W! }& p) o, C
International Governmental Action& j' \7 l# `) |! j
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 l5 q b- w9 J N. `# A$ Q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 o" }0 c! ^8 I! S9 r1 S
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 `0 H5 S& o+ U
154. Severance of diplomatic relations! g) m! x5 q4 M+ C
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% \' ]( ^9 O$ o2 s# l5 g* G
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* F0 I! q2 [% b3 L; V; w
157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 S$ |! e0 Q# K6 N3 Z- Q
5 \$ Y6 F- ?$ Z3 i* |5 u, r 5 K# I" n1 r. t
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% }! ^6 X0 `& A
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Psychological Intervention
5 {- `& [) t0 w, H/ m3 `" Q 158. Self-exposure to the elements
}0 {( s) |9 [% y 159. The fast' ]0 [3 G8 F6 Z' w
a) Fast of moral pressure
. i1 g6 j3 b& s) O% _ b) Hunger strike; P: q% `9 v4 N) [' W9 O4 ?# c9 T
c) Satyagrahic fast! E" ~# S/ _2 j& [
160. Reverse trial/ K3 m# l/ h; I; r: {, N
161. Nonviolent harassment; r8 H9 u% }* E( J1 ^; O# l$ e& ~
% f6 r" o9 Z1 T2 Q! v6 vPhysical Intervention5 s- Z# s1 q% B, r& D1 D" r1 f
162. Sit-in" h4 q& h. h+ W3 B9 i2 v
163. Stand-in- b! G2 A; J6 _1 Q* g. `4 G
164. Ride-in( u" q4 Y1 q( ~! Z2 z3 s1 ~
165. Wade-in
w9 N! g' l: p. l0 S 166. Mill-in
9 b3 H+ y) `% J2 ~, x 167. Pray-in
+ M' v( N/ q+ V8 S; Y, q7 O 168. Nonviolent raids7 y7 L) h2 X# V: F7 f+ R4 L6 I
169. Nonviolent air raids
- w, X8 W- U* n 170. Nonviolent invasion$ L' Q9 D7 P; s) U% ~( s9 b( g }4 m
171. Nonviolent interjection A( ?2 [: J1 I* S( D3 M7 B' j
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 `, \, P6 s6 X! R8 j8 `
173. Nonviolent occupation
: ]6 C4 h" V" Z
' d4 f& ~+ ?$ K7 j8 |* mSocial Intervention
D! g2 T0 Z" b, @# W4 h1 e$ |) Y 174. Establishing new social patterns
/ ~# G& i" C+ M7 z 175. Overloading of facilities
+ Q6 I4 X7 \) i' Z' W 176. Stall-in: U4 B; N* ?. [/ X. `3 }; {. E
177. Speak-in
6 Q9 K( ]( M/ Q" y 178. Guerrilla theater
- C5 v' O& s) m' S a 179. Alternative social institutions" \: v% x/ @4 [7 W' F
180. Alternative communication system+ s! q9 l4 h( c- m9 J$ Q/ H0 {
: n. Y( l _2 T I3 j1 `Economic Intervention4 H1 F; a4 ?. _$ U
181. Reverse strike
3 w; h2 o5 q0 r7 R! F/ L# G3 ^ 182. Stay-in strike
4 D1 g6 f- e+ G) P( Z+ B; V( J 183. Nonviolent land seizure
( O3 s% b$ ]$ @- Z: V# h 184. Defiance of blockades
( T0 Z& `$ y7 p& n 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ h9 F& P. p% [/ R
186. Preclusive purchasing
( @" j& g: E; x. b' Z 187. Seizure of assets
" U' v. E8 q0 N, F 188. Dumping
3 q, P; U/ X1 P/ y8 f 189. Selective patronage1 n+ R# K- {+ W9 i6 y. ~
190. Alternative markets; }6 U. f6 L* v$ V, b( p/ F% w5 a
191. Alternative transportation systems9 A0 j1 X. A( A$ r
192. Alternative economic institutions
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0 o" c# ^/ e/ aPolitical Intervention
8 J# x: j; |/ J+ a3 V 193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ q+ c, E: d% b( ?1 ^$ x* }# b 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 o, N* u* G5 ]1 X' a! S. O0 h& O 195. Seeking imprisonment1 q4 m( J7 t* n0 k$ @& ^
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' u! D s: o e% W. Y1 Y/ ~% D
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 f& J+ G1 Y+ l7 F( I4 D 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 O7 c. s# w: w
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
