 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# ~8 V8 \3 ~" s4 b- Z$ l
Formal Statements
7 F" O" A+ i% f9 S 1. Public Speeches
3 M$ o" U i# G. F! V! K$ | L 2. Letters of opposition or support) N. }% t% R; C1 m1 e
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: E) d, h& ]8 q9 t8 c9 }; l6 b, N
4. Signed public statements* m6 J. }$ u' j* V8 S' R9 J+ v) R$ Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ m2 F' p3 K7 C
6. Group or mass petitions
+ j6 ^# R/ j# k% l4 u$ [7 I( m7 Q4 Z, d5 E+ w
Communications with a Wider Audience
7 l0 N4 V8 A6 e# z9 I 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" [7 ?& e# V+ V: z1 h( Z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 i$ t( ^1 V, M2 Q$ n 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* S0 l* S9 w ?, b5 j) F
10. Newspapers and journals
: {4 k; C% O, s% L4 O$ D 11. Records, radio, and television
/ E/ V; x5 |0 o9 `7 X 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 x# a8 M& ^9 ~, e
+ r# t5 l2 s+ n: u" FGroup Representations: E7 Q( \( H/ j
13. Deputations
' w9 I( n9 Z0 p' N9 D; x 14. Mock awards
0 H" j+ t+ W7 O3 L: o, y( M1 Y1 h 15. Group lobbying4 d+ u/ e' b8 a6 ?
16. Picketing
0 f9 i( c5 G6 U# m a0 c+ I 17. Mock elections
8 ^0 d" `6 {5 u6 X6 R0 A/ N; U7 s
! l$ y# `2 i3 W; aSymbolic Public Acts* x. M* a/ n7 r$ G6 i' _
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' z: P; D/ m5 e2 k+ d3 l1 @( | 19. Wearing of symbols
3 J7 f! k. N7 N3 Q H* ~' I8 { 20. Prayer and worship. q8 N9 N- b: q
21. Delivering symbolic objects- o( _' S( |2 K# S' n
22. Protest disrobings/ G2 x; W4 h" G1 l) R
23. Destruction of own property
/ o$ I1 }1 T+ a: H4 h6 f 24. Symbolic lights2 l0 ], F% j4 H0 _. @- {( @
25. Displays of portraits r: X6 R3 A: [) e+ |1 b
26. Paint as protest- W9 J1 n* x. P" g) n) Y
27. New signs and names, a6 [4 `5 F; w% h
28. Symbolic sounds' d) }) H7 T) v1 G3 `3 S
29. Symbolic reclamations
( w/ _* z/ z4 }( Y: ? 30. Rude gestures
( J d% w2 H* d7 Z( h! c! h: t$ s+ P
Pressures on Individuals. a! f8 t& U$ ]6 j! j/ ?
31. “Haunting” officials$ U+ ^7 u- Y0 \: Y+ |7 F
32. Taunting officials
) c2 i: n! d8 w. S 33. Fraternization# d. { y1 h# `1 M' v1 Z5 j4 z6 Q
34. Vigils. `9 [# n. c% F) o" |: O
4 B) K# p1 W' O2 A7 n$ J
Drama and Music! i. @: ]+ ~7 M7 y6 h8 {, l
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ J1 M' |6 ]. b+ x* r
36. Performances of plays and music* B; Z1 Z* b1 e# [7 N
37. Singing
( \ L4 G: `4 f6 Q/ `/ a: g/ s
- @6 v9 |! h I4 H" BProcessions
5 t& d" N3 C$ u1 M) D 38. Marches
0 d' H- V' m- Z9 z7 D 39. Parades
& o$ ^/ h" \5 o& e+ B8 }( F 40. Religious processions
7 N+ f' ^( W- R+ A 41. Pilgrimages
+ Y$ n7 }: R& e5 U 42. Motorcades
/ r& q8 q& ]( v7 _& S( F
# v) K* u! z# ?' c2 W2 _Honoring the Dead
. R* V Z; y; ~: ` 43. Political mourning
! A! _3 W/ o1 {' L& C 44. Mock funerals& I' M! I) Q1 n) R! ?8 h, N$ }
45. Demonstrative funerals
' A- C2 D8 v) ]- O5 L# H& x, z 46. Homage at burial places
" E* }7 M0 W/ O; q8 t6 E: C" k
/ }/ ` `/ f( y$ y7 ?5 jPublic Assemblies* ]/ B! { G) w0 a/ [* e4 B
47. Assemblies of protest or support
( ~( e8 v8 s; ^" B* @ 48. Protest meetings5 d. h, l2 ?3 { m
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest. t' R8 D8 ^, O6 ]
50. Teach-ins. O: d$ }7 @6 a9 n7 d3 b" U [ F
C) Z- A1 E b# f' u' C
Withdrawal and Renunciation- Y8 c- F1 a! h1 w5 ]) n
51. Walk-outs
# p' A9 k' l% c' | 52. Silence+ Z9 L" R5 O; I% l5 L+ b, o3 e# q
53. Renouncing honors
6 ?: h5 N5 M! M5 V9 e 54. Turning one’s back
8 w# k5 j& }# S. {7 \: @4 E7 {0 E* ^& S7 e
$ m4 Z9 v* B5 g* T- y2 W9 P
: K: S! N1 Y: n* b
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 I% ]/ _( F: |* U$ ?
, h: l) a4 H, Q3 [7 } n: }
/ v \. d; u4 a. _6 I( W5 [3 s- B- b% x/ y! ]9 c
Ostracism of Persons2 h5 ?! Q) ] I: z: {- K5 m- Q
55. Social boycott) G; v. @; n& ]- f2 F
56. Selective social boycott" R5 g. C. X. R# B y3 l
57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 T( K0 E- H% c J( f% {3 b# C8 G 58. Excommunication
1 c( t3 d3 E: i; w1 X; F1 q% Q 59. Interdict
' d6 `* {9 C- I% ~, J4 |
# W, {! V4 o9 QNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 y' m9 U G9 c0 P$ E- F( T/ e/ j
60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 o2 g. h# ?3 G2 b* Q2 D, b% h) e
61. Boycott of social affairs
# I5 Q. ^+ @! J5 p$ ]) ]9 g 62. Student strike
" _6 @8 Z7 s! u Q% H4 r! |7 s 63. Social disobedience, w y- A" }* {' ~; v; K# _1 \
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# [! n, R/ F7 B4 N, e9 f* D! a
) s( |# p/ o/ X1 i9 uWithdrawal from the Social System
3 [, Y' ^. s9 Y8 p! g/ E4 s, { 65. Stay-at-home
9 X3 H5 k$ C) w+ d J6 A 66. Total personal noncooperation
5 |- C8 `# _, P0 | 67. “Flight” of workers
2 r" ?$ D3 \+ ^* z" L6 ]" E5 J8 a 68. Sanctuary0 b1 u( G5 x+ X q6 H7 ~/ U
69. Collective disappearance _4 |7 X7 Z9 {/ T9 _# e3 m
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 A7 n2 A2 ~& E! L, b' }0 f! q3 g
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0 O& i! \" S- @: x9 U! y1 k6 w, Z0 W2 B0 C. g9 P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 z( c6 S. V. }3 U
3 M6 o$ v; ]$ a' v. {5 D6 h
& K( G2 R: b- u. O
Actions by Consumers# i0 s- c% j6 `- a* ~
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 I Z1 y# O9 l: t* _* ~ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: h8 v, k5 o3 E# u+ ?
73. Policy of austerity* y/ D! m9 g# X, b7 U( s8 s
74. Rent withholding( O4 [ z: R7 ^% m: W
75. Refusal to rent
4 Y3 f& T( H) I% y- C# l u ~ 76. National consumers’ boycott/ z, q7 E0 A: K! ~1 X( z+ Q# S
77. International consumers’ boycott5 G8 o! P& A& |2 X3 u: r
+ f1 Q6 E/ J7 JAction by Workers and Producers" P: N; V- S- U5 q
78. Workmen’s boycott
$ R; @1 S/ r! d7 K1 F5 K. {( a' U 79. Producers’ boycott
y$ a) }% _( ~5 Q6 r0 Y; f: B0 h$ D5 v1 {" e. I: W
Action by Middlemen
9 ^( u8 u+ a; B0 t6 |3 p1 b0 L 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ T7 T6 _9 z: W; J- b+ d
& ]9 _6 I6 R1 C z- c/ p
Action by Owners and Management
9 T. f d7 l: }; d9 } 81. Traders’ boycott3 X6 r0 Y& Z+ |1 q7 r5 J: f/ ~
82. Refusal to let or sell property; Q" m0 f* }9 x6 Q
83. Lockout" a: f6 H* R8 Y. P4 O; x. t
84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 ^, J) a6 L# D) Y" p. A1 Y3 h; u
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 I+ o2 K6 X% p' [& G) G$ j" W- |8 [$ {
Action by Holders of Financial Resources) E: u# l6 j( X; F; d. b% u
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! K5 _1 S' u, W9 A! j
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
f2 f" t" q3 o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. t2 {5 y: q+ ^! z4 ?# \: c
89. Severance of funds and credit
% D- `% z; P, w |2 V5 A 90. Revenue refusal) H' f& [- G$ A7 i! [
91. Refusal of a government’s money6 S; D+ Y; u- u3 u
* |2 M2 C4 g: b: FAction by Governments! d8 e2 v( K3 H# l: M
92. Domestic embargo
- s! a. {- B M( |( V 93. Blacklisting of traders
. d6 B7 A, b: K: Q8 `+ G 94. International sellers’ embargo1 h2 j; y( E* H2 z2 q- U- g }, t. N
95. International buyers’ embargo
, Z, ^9 k: p* e: e' j! S5 i 96. International trade embargo
5 [1 T/ k$ Y/ _2 S/ H R6 q+ t0 S* H, H
& z% u: h4 _' t. }. [8 B0 J5 Y
: I: _+ t+ ~7 a# P$ ]3 S( DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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( w; S5 M5 U3 x' d4 v( N I8 S& u. p/ e/ e
Symbolic Strikes
|5 @- E2 Y9 M& ? 97. Protest strike. c Z0 |# i0 V/ @+ \$ n( C! i
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- [# K# R1 x! [
* c; w5 W, `" W' T! {9 {Agricultural Strikes6 U. y; t: `, E7 V
99. Peasant strike( r( W2 Q) {' b3 K8 D4 ?: v
100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 X; O% B; s# X" a5 K3 f) P1 V6 x; P g
2 i8 z$ C1 K# k4 x/ s3 L; D) d5 N; Y MStrikes by Special Groups
. i* `: _+ b3 F# | 101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 z4 B1 J- Q" V* j" ] 102. Prisoners’ strike/ y/ O8 g! E7 K" J: r7 S
103. Craft strike9 I2 v* f* F; y* e. q- r
104. Professional strike
0 h$ s- L8 L5 p) b* b. g
! o% ~( z {, G1 t+ G' ZOrdinary Industrial Strikes8 l& k8 P/ f0 V% a! o. G/ L7 |8 l3 d
105. Establishment strike
& Z7 Z o6 E5 V U# n b( h 106. Industry strike0 R/ g$ z' {9 C0 l, G$ H) v
107. Sympathetic strike
A+ J0 S% O* ]6 o
4 p, D9 {/ J9 u( Q$ ERestricted Strikes
6 f5 j+ i! Z& |: P% h: g 108. Detailed strike" p& h. f4 R; H
109. Bumper strike* O/ D3 J7 o# t$ e# c, D5 h
110. Slowdown strike8 Q1 n5 C" Y+ o2 R4 O4 |
111. Working-to-rule strike
" w; Y, i, R" U; J6 Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 C) b5 R: \! v g9 \. }! L/ l! i0 y 113. Strike by resignation4 U& J; U* d- W# R0 Z1 h+ u$ N
114. Limited strike
. D$ l O4 Q+ L 115. Selective strike7 O3 n/ j$ ~) w+ ]/ a5 F3 l
: g8 y0 n1 b) J1 a3 EMulti-Industry Strikes
& `; p) S* `) Y3 \. ?- Q
5 j2 }: s; C" H$ H* p 116. Generalized strike
# \% w! H* P' }' |9 n2 N1 f4 r# u7 Q# D, Y$ j- W$ u6 s, `# c
117. General strike, n$ B2 j! q* B( Q1 T6 }" f
3 J, C/ O5 q$ A8 i# H2 HCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ [- Z0 i ~# h+ l' E% p$ \6 v, K* {! E' u. y$ g3 l, p% Z* C, n+ J4 {
118. Hartal
) m9 y( L9 |6 l: d: v( ~- k% L$ X: t/ |' c% _) k2 x3 H ?
119. Economic shutdown8 E7 C4 Y7 p6 R" ^+ w) b r1 F+ R
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION- Y6 L+ j! V' J0 l4 B" I
, U& E" [9 B" g8 U. C7 ^. \7 w/ l 9 n) m5 W$ A7 V; k8 Y, X
Rejection of Authority: y" C% v5 M: S, c
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% s, v" A5 x* a 121. Refusal of public support
! \" I/ n! R Q8 }% W 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' V* D* N* w5 L4 L }
. V( P. i) E( u. wCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 P1 L, g0 C, ?0 r+ J; _4 V 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& b1 y7 C4 Y5 ~; J5 Z& s 124. Boycott of elections
$ @0 T6 a! m3 }' O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions' f: _: H; ]' a4 B' \
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; \5 v$ Y6 y# U1 a
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" v* z" M3 p; D: d/ W* Y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 O+ p& E2 B4 y/ O2 B. D6 F& U4 c 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 O+ [- L% ~ _# G 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 r* X4 @6 W8 G8 M" f
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials5 u% u0 o9 s1 i5 U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* \- O4 U, ]$ S. L. ^
/ i ^" {7 F! g$ }. `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
) d4 l9 E4 \/ D/ S 133. Reluctant and slow compliance# [; Z7 H- {9 @/ n+ ~) E, D
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 V, N9 C* F: Y& t( j
135. Popular nonobedience: I8 Y/ x! y' z& k$ |
136. Disguised disobedience, [, ]( s: I. O9 @. O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( p, Z* E5 f, Q( e) ^; ` 138. Sitdown
0 l, c3 S) s" C D0 @ t1 D 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation, x! }1 ^! J5 f1 X7 o7 m/ }
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( Y* } ` H5 }6 D$ ] 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# u- J) h% G+ b5 t' q
* i' S8 i: `% w5 I( T
Action by Government Personnel
# I$ l- Q! h% k 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 ?6 k! I. S5 Y8 _0 v 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. ^& N/ Z9 M# ^ 144. Stalling and obstruction
- Z# M6 x! |; y. @ 145. General administrative noncooperation
0 i' |- Q- P" o* G, ?6 U
! V( k' i. C3 o3 a 146. Judicial noncooperation
/ @4 r0 f% p; n( U8 q% a' \; d, ] 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: W+ n% S7 t6 P# i6 ]" `( G' P
148. Mutiny+ l6 i( q" k: T v
Domestic Governmental Action. Z5 P! k o6 H+ B; ` ^6 @
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays3 x. v \/ t" Q8 M& C$ Z) X; m
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
% ]$ m7 [ l0 I2 Q
) p6 o1 G- u' ^& @; ~0 P! LInternational Governmental Action9 R* r% o5 n( ^( C% F8 N
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations9 b3 Q- m$ Q4 F$ l, w; V. ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 O# o6 \8 n: H& S. ?2 ]. |- p 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 E! ]6 k/ X( P- ~0 G" t* } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations( C' u9 I+ d8 N7 A! C
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* x2 k/ ]6 w/ G% e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# ]4 b* ^) u, P& V G4 i 157. Expulsion from international organizations9 i2 U/ o1 x; J
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% \7 a5 v8 |) K, l1 Q) D9 v ?, F u- o) O8 u" C7 [/ z7 S
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 F8 V6 n+ y7 k- ^7 J9 C9 Q
3 w; R0 W* q0 j5 N $ z0 e6 D& O$ C. G7 m4 X
Psychological Intervention. ~+ o% \) Q+ j F
158. Self-exposure to the elements+ c- D: D+ L3 c; W! J' p. j
159. The fast9 y' D! M* |5 E3 }1 Q6 K) Z5 t
a) Fast of moral pressure( q+ x. H% g* d8 u' S" @
b) Hunger strike
. q& E' E, F9 l2 E: {3 P. Y) O- E c) Satyagrahic fast
6 ~. x ~" g* k% H 160. Reverse trial4 ^ O$ c3 g' E9 n. b5 X
161. Nonviolent harassment
2 P4 V+ h# l6 i& f# o& r. [! n, r- N; d T1 Q: k5 D
Physical Intervention
8 F' n" f5 z1 J1 }& x4 N 162. Sit-in6 ~+ Y) p, }3 S; r# }
163. Stand-in" c6 M, q& `# S7 P+ H) u; {6 n( p/ R
164. Ride-in2 f8 _7 t7 Z: ^. n
165. Wade-in
, h( @, v5 Q; O# H3 ]- U 166. Mill-in# L- P1 Y. {& ~: I
167. Pray-in: j) u2 E% ?( I' Y2 q( y( z
168. Nonviolent raids
9 U4 R6 B' X$ e, p 169. Nonviolent air raids
/ o+ Y0 i/ q* X( y" y B6 k8 O 170. Nonviolent invasion
- l2 N, s# p9 N# @ 171. Nonviolent interjection
. k8 ~6 `4 I# i e$ Z& Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction
; ]" M) Q k9 k. N1 _4 [; h4 _! C: S 173. Nonviolent occupation; e0 Y( N7 U: f" S! f1 X$ [
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Social Intervention) i* k$ d8 j# |. r
174. Establishing new social patterns$ f. O- N) y1 E* Y& o" S$ M6 D& Z" P
175. Overloading of facilities
7 F: [( [9 z/ L 176. Stall-in
& L1 f0 _1 E0 p' i" G 177. Speak-in# O' G! E) s" N4 ?9 H' g6 W
178. Guerrilla theater
$ i! G5 g2 ^0 O0 O 179. Alternative social institutions
# a# O; }+ N; H6 O s) `, d. V 180. Alternative communication system
( Z3 q8 L6 H+ G) J: \' K; i3 G0 A2 h, S# b: ~
Economic Intervention
9 r1 x1 ? V" m 181. Reverse strike
1 K3 i# F' j9 a* | 182. Stay-in strike& V. a: @0 e3 F
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ F4 B% g1 Z2 M% B/ D
184. Defiance of blockades
. H0 l3 b. A3 q h( I3 ? 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, e ^! X- p! G6 e: |8 O 186. Preclusive purchasing
7 J" ^$ l9 w5 K" \- k 187. Seizure of assets& {) s* C& a. i# D$ K9 {
188. Dumping
# R- v4 z* r; i% ~ 189. Selective patronage/ g9 b" K- _% C$ P* P4 Z* }
190. Alternative markets
0 y4 W3 d( Q/ C; v0 d0 a; z 191. Alternative transportation systems* d+ _2 F& F/ x3 G, L; B5 l' ?
192. Alternative economic institutions/ k1 f1 S- f5 V8 J. @3 B
! r- G3 t8 i$ ~8 n8 n9 |6 ?8 W% M0 O% dPolitical Intervention7 S B5 y' L* Z% |" T
193. Overloading of administrative systems2 T% | l, }- U# }& R
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
/ C8 O( L: r, b% p$ v' X 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 N4 ~4 q( l5 M8 @ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 \9 a, H9 J" B) ^: C6 L 197. Work-on without collaboration6 s0 x2 _; t3 o9 r0 x
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 G. J1 C: n# a: b0 Y" k8 G- S
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
