 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 Z. O& q7 I6 r. d! D" o/ B
Formal Statements& c. Q, I8 K5 x# F' z6 m
1. Public Speeches
3 {) t8 |; [* {, m" Y& s 2. Letters of opposition or support6 t! R* F) B: d- _2 @7 e
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ \% y; S p6 k2 f0 [ 4. Signed public statements. [+ T( i/ _8 i, {3 r! X
5. Declarations of indictment and intention& I5 l% y% U# R/ v
6. Group or mass petitions
6 y: y2 B! z9 v# S# z9 t3 R6 U* Z4 }8 y8 {; f- C+ b0 e7 Y
Communications with a Wider Audience& q$ H9 D) h4 L9 K- `1 d4 r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ P1 ~& D a& c) a* n' M" T
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 c/ Y7 X% ~/ y% V
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% g+ O( y) Z9 `( E) d+ D$ _ 10. Newspapers and journals
|" ]1 L2 U& b# v 11. Records, radio, and television U P5 y& j: W& I1 x% V
12. Skywriting and earthwriting# y8 {) I( y S ~! l. H
2 p1 L; q; f( E, XGroup Representations
/ x3 T! D) o! C3 y7 P' @ 13. Deputations
/ Y$ J/ D- E) O& ?" A& e 14. Mock awards# u; c2 i8 b3 q9 s( y, @
15. Group lobbying8 E- s# T! @7 @+ V. u8 h0 s* W$ V
16. Picketing
" a- o4 S% `7 c; M 17. Mock elections2 t% ^2 M3 _( o2 r* ^
" I: @5 t" n2 j
Symbolic Public Acts; L- h* s6 U% x& T! n3 V3 D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! f. s. l- C+ \5 }8 ~4 C 19. Wearing of symbols
" t, ^$ m! E, q% D- K8 [& K 20. Prayer and worship( v) }1 n8 R5 B8 I/ p5 f! q
21. Delivering symbolic objects
B2 D. m/ m: s p: |+ K 22. Protest disrobings
5 M- B8 A' _( k) }+ h 23. Destruction of own property4 Y+ u# M7 x0 P3 {- H% q1 K
24. Symbolic lights
4 N: I1 ^7 Q8 e6 v 25. Displays of portraits& E' I1 a5 w. m, \% D9 a
26. Paint as protest& `5 t2 R; |: Q2 d- z
27. New signs and names7 \: I3 J% {/ q v5 K g
28. Symbolic sounds) ]$ S, x8 R# r0 t
29. Symbolic reclamations6 j2 u9 F' n* U3 C
30. Rude gestures
* [( {2 S" A7 _5 x- L) @- p5 L/ ?6 g" z
Pressures on Individuals! j2 v2 \% H( x0 o& i2 s
31. “Haunting” officials" ~" g! U/ Q2 M& g
32. Taunting officials
& n7 Q6 e- {5 V" i& ^7 X 33. Fraternization& M! G5 a( x- A9 {& v
34. Vigils
. f( C* G) T; U% j$ R. q- s( u, C4 V& d6 E& w; R2 G/ `
Drama and Music+ \$ m% ^- [) N G! u* v
35. Humorous skits and pranks1 s p5 r9 |1 h9 s$ Z2 U: K+ E
36. Performances of plays and music: `7 |, s# t& ^/ k
37. Singing
* s1 P+ \" p+ Q" e H
# o5 w' v; ^' A4 L5 W9 C1 gProcessions
# h7 J% Y+ ~- T8 b8 S% M( D 38. Marches
3 l4 }$ Q8 @) z) `- A( o 39. Parades
5 g' Y m+ g0 O7 o 40. Religious processions
9 g( \4 x, m8 m K% V 41. Pilgrimages
; K/ z( z0 v! \1 |3 Y" M/ }# B 42. Motorcades8 S/ k+ @! \, o
* u4 Q$ ]1 S( a4 W7 V
Honoring the Dead
( v" b& a: \( y 43. Political mourning
5 b6 ]6 z. X7 h* f, y+ f 44. Mock funerals& j( }& Z) B: s6 c! N* n
45. Demonstrative funerals8 y7 E: Q; R9 z# |. b5 i. g
46. Homage at burial places
' z* W) l! }9 ^ r5 X6 ~/ I
. W' j; o# V* Q+ `! iPublic Assemblies9 ^6 P% F6 p$ t9 | T5 B
47. Assemblies of protest or support* i; p. X3 h% a8 T* s( _$ B
48. Protest meetings3 {0 N( {5 l! B. i6 h7 ^( T
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 j0 J1 ]& m" ^1 ^+ Q& a J( [
50. Teach-ins
% o, `6 y0 Z- T' c' n& y; {4 K4 Q
, F) o6 q" D9 QWithdrawal and Renunciation2 q5 e4 M; R2 p9 J5 h
51. Walk-outs* B0 E x* ?/ O' w! L7 q. h
52. Silence- l+ u& I6 _; B
53. Renouncing honors
1 ^5 P6 ]4 T4 }/ L3 E3 C 54. Turning one’s back) Q0 `( Z' h' G% n6 P4 t: P9 D
7 D( P' @9 j( `3 Y" m9 y6 p: O
: b& w4 E6 b" w8 s7 M
3 J6 z8 L2 q! A1 B" _4 ]& }THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 x* G9 W9 r8 q$ N. A: l/ T8 u' H' Q6 J0 A& y( E; i
1 A0 T: }3 [8 ]
! M8 O; m& y' v2 w
Ostracism of Persons
7 F L U+ q1 E3 ^2 j7 i 55. Social boycott
4 ~; w7 r& B# |- ]6 w7 x 56. Selective social boycott
7 f* Y9 d2 A2 |8 R+ o* |3 ]5 G3 J 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 {2 ^; M2 Z* t. Z
58. Excommunication
1 L/ ?5 ~( \; m" d# Y 59. Interdict; Z# i* C& _! l
) k) U4 G- W* H) {4 N xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* l$ \3 C1 |" J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ w5 c8 r, D, V( E( Z% p
61. Boycott of social affairs
3 |0 B* g" g7 Q R6 d) [* \* ? 62. Student strike
" _& U6 N: b) Z& `+ } 63. Social disobedience' a" F( S+ d" s+ Q Y) R
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! P, P, v* k) ~4 ~* J8 r) j* r" J0 k
% U7 c& W% J* e `) x5 q# W9 o- gWithdrawal from the Social System
% U* C# [7 @" w% @5 c. e( x0 x. B 65. Stay-at-home
, D9 D# @* q' o# r7 y- W7 w X; h 66. Total personal noncooperation$ t* l2 {' [9 i4 G9 z
67. “Flight” of workers
) ]. N" r5 d( T: l+ S% I' n 68. Sanctuary
Y7 X! y/ [( C d 69. Collective disappearance0 ~' Z- |) n8 {. `7 E2 ]
70. Protest emigration (hijrat) v. D8 U0 x# X( M
* M0 F8 E' ?/ k
! {1 S- K. f9 _* ~3 o: @' o- x- N, s. | L9 e
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) M4 L+ K7 h% E2 I# l+ m: m% O
& {, ~% }$ z# m Z9 w" t. J
4 h) G9 v4 [7 I" m, \" uActions by Consumers4 d% _, N, o2 n p# n* o O- G
71. Consumers’ boycott
: ^- z" `* P% O, ^: I4 r: Z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
, _9 }: w7 d' q8 o, ?& ~ Z, R. I 73. Policy of austerity
( x9 i" s" t/ J& @6 u; h6 A& T 74. Rent withholding
. o" B; C' b q& d 75. Refusal to rent
* x& X8 T" K; t 76. National consumers’ boycott
2 X# N/ o2 I. D3 J5 Q4 W 77. International consumers’ boycott
4 Z$ d( m, M X# I( d) K! H ^
7 @4 R0 ^; Z; ?3 rAction by Workers and Producers; H/ I) |! y4 T4 \" q" f* \( j
78. Workmen’s boycott
! @5 W0 L$ t: Q3 c$ D, x/ E; H& h 79. Producers’ boycott0 p6 Y/ D* K$ v% m9 S. b, x
9 }5 d) M# s6 Z5 A; A
Action by Middlemen
% v" q1 T/ M( z8 V3 G 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 A/ a0 y* n, `, |' x: R+ K$ n# Q& h0 Q2 G
Action by Owners and Management4 F0 ?' ]' C9 [, E, G$ P" v
81. Traders’ boycott
3 z w$ T# d$ c/ m3 D1 X 82. Refusal to let or sell property# T' i8 v' X8 o# O- |
83. Lockout. T8 G' a5 C+ E C6 |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance) Y p. V, W# s1 H: c; b0 B/ t
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 W. Y2 {4 ]0 X1 q6 L
* e+ f* }# d, \5 _1 _
Action by Holders of Financial Resources7 Q+ ] `7 G/ K4 I: G9 f3 g
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 A) S) f. v) e& \ l/ w" E( v% k! ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# W) j7 K1 W, @8 `0 I
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* U+ A+ k5 r+ _2 _5 `- ? 89. Severance of funds and credit/ Q: ?0 a, w1 ^; Y. [
90. Revenue refusal
& W; R: S! }. @# A) o9 f 91. Refusal of a government’s money- U4 v! M7 H; M' G# }- g Q) W; r$ U/ Q5 _
n. B) w$ }' Z8 A1 kAction by Governments
( R* S J- O5 [8 ~ 92. Domestic embargo8 t9 g. B& j" F5 T0 I
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 e9 R. h1 f. Y7 X5 |7 } 94. International sellers’ embargo/ k8 L' P4 L1 E& d6 T- L( X, t3 N
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 J% Z, k1 a, k+ R3 Z+ }- z: e 96. International trade embargo; b$ y6 E5 y S/ D" W% ]/ ]
9 E9 C! {" ]+ k$ V5 d! Y- B1 C
, W4 |' ], B& ^
" V8 }4 n; n3 P# a! x8 y0 _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 Z8 V" h$ B8 x
' Q2 V4 b+ U# }9 Y) J# M& F
8 V+ a3 D7 S. t0 k1 `Symbolic Strikes7 W! n& g5 x) T$ r/ E
97. Protest strike
" {3 y% c" M( E! w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 q6 O0 T* d) a& i. E. P4 e$ c8 o% k% Z4 j9 P0 S
Agricultural Strikes1 S: A8 Z. w/ }8 n
99. Peasant strike4 D( _: q) E; _$ B$ v9 h/ l7 j
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ V! G" e' R( L) W
: Y- Z) ~- ^5 ~* D5 MStrikes by Special Groups y. @8 p% Y8 k6 k# D3 e
101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 v' N$ ]1 U: N. R 102. Prisoners’ strike
Z: }' O- O. s, ]/ ]* w6 d 103. Craft strike
! l+ G- q" d' E) A 104. Professional strike+ v6 F& p# U+ F; p, F
% y, s6 e: W' A n, I" ^ k5 W' ~
Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 m% |+ Y3 L/ o8 R0 S3 h4 G8 G
105. Establishment strike
. F+ b, d& V7 ^/ Z 106. Industry strike
1 j f) F6 W$ h 107. Sympathetic strike
9 |* N% S% H* a; q* t# w: m
* R) y" C; H S2 q9 _Restricted Strikes
8 a; x O0 Q8 _8 a! Y% n' S9 I 108. Detailed strike7 E" N6 k* n w% h1 R
109. Bumper strike
' j. v7 ^3 c2 q8 G 110. Slowdown strike
! H, O; j2 ^- [ 111. Working-to-rule strike: @/ G7 w- w2 B2 Z1 @) e9 H# l# e
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 t# M3 v0 {0 m- p8 x: @
113. Strike by resignation
5 S T. d9 I% ]5 t7 I) G ?( m 114. Limited strike
8 O* ^4 a5 T- f+ h, U& S- N8 I 115. Selective strike
! C* F5 O: ^ F+ s
$ v, ?: s4 ?% ]1 T! mMulti-Industry Strikes7 w2 o6 u8 p8 v
# [. B+ Z' [( E% [" r
116. Generalized strike0 B, j" k2 W* r( z; R
" n2 m( ?" I& i) P 117. General strike7 b2 Y9 ]6 }7 S1 v3 }; c" t
- `' N1 E y& e4 a* x: k' q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 v% k9 p7 [- b' N; y- Y6 H5 N* G; M* m9 ]$ k, A
118. Hartal5 M0 |9 X3 C) Y* U* S
( Z& v1 V ]' V' g/ t3 D9 x; k1 G 119. Economic shutdown% Y) o8 d8 B8 T- |: d: Z6 s
. a2 r1 p1 H0 \$ B( D8 Z1 e
, A. I2 x" s7 ~( T& ~
- G% c, k6 J, _THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
4 v0 g4 p# o1 B! h" d% v) l- Q- F9 G1 i# n) a2 D
0 _6 ^2 w+ E" J0 c2 P( {2 XRejection of Authority) H$ ]7 p8 t6 N4 y* S
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 ]) F/ Z( m/ e7 z @+ r
121. Refusal of public support
& [, z: x6 v8 A- {" X' A 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- d7 v' |+ i$ Q3 t' x3 h2 V* t5 o5 ~
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ ]5 y, G" ?: ]; N 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 r5 f. A0 n1 j& U) ` 124. Boycott of elections
4 s; h! Y/ g, z& t% M" ?" F 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
9 k# k+ p1 z$ Y, Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ H# U6 a% m0 S5 j; M: [: l& q- C 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: x" v" w: ?4 q d; T7 H+ P3 | 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, i, E _) K0 e+ E& n* G+ i 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 ]. m4 M5 W' Y& E( @+ x 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' W0 d7 Z- M- \- l8 V7 \% j/ j) r. l# Z6 I 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials$ t1 K5 R' A$ f. W2 h' \
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
" y1 j# o: C% k) }* i8 `. a. m% O/ _& C. z$ Y; L
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% R6 \$ w- R. b7 l% L7 c% y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) D' o D( o4 Z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. ? M% F$ Y+ i$ i1 Y7 @, `8 b
135. Popular nonobedience0 W( P% A: o6 k
136. Disguised disobedience1 L' m, N% C2 [) q+ z% n
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% a( I5 Z9 D5 @ 138. Sitdown9 \! B$ c& I9 ^" \
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' ^2 ?% ^- K8 p( o 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 O" m z) l* F0 u" [- o. \" Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 D5 m& `2 Y8 ]2 `4 V! A4 O# X) @0 l
Action by Government Personnel
. c, ] ?* L0 W- f8 d6 U 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- q. m" b% T7 P+ ?
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ s5 |2 g. z/ e9 e7 u 144. Stalling and obstruction
* A! A9 K/ ~8 n! W 145. General administrative noncooperation
5 D5 R2 e& { I! _. g
( y" I( w2 H) T& n. x A3 r 146. Judicial noncooperation& j% y! t- @4 {* u
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents M# ?! N b; o# i# w- D/ Y
148. Mutiny f! X" D8 p+ H) C; |
Domestic Governmental Action; i/ {4 _( D8 h/ T# b% O
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: O! `" S7 G9 x |% \% o 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 S( ^% s) y# g# i" C- W/ |
1 f8 |- x! a4 l8 \
International Governmental Action1 f" Q. y5 r, A' |/ ]( z% q: V
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. H l) V9 s' b1 b/ z* |2 Y; c, X, w 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
3 h" }9 T6 V6 ~0 T# q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; R% {, g( K' Q1 l" |$ a8 `( L* _4 V
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* s* P: A! V5 Z% @- g: p 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& }( [ F7 v# l' f. X/ z 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
: Y+ I7 W; e5 g 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 C$ Z* Z3 L7 X) i7 Z: I
. r- e9 a4 ^' S7 \0 o" P2 @
0 E: I: v; f f* m1 C$ g4 m" }7 S5 ]9 [/ O8 W+ W9 Q
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ V! H; e6 L* [; i" \! ]
7 R# Y' u6 W& H! C0 M / G7 q, M$ K+ e* N7 Z+ ?
Psychological Intervention
& C4 B7 s# y' O( D& l1 A 158. Self-exposure to the elements9 z s6 z$ e. W: p
159. The fast' M; g+ ]' ^+ T
a) Fast of moral pressure
( C3 p: Z4 }+ W) S0 W3 o4 E b) Hunger strike
$ y2 A. i& n# U" C, G' c c) Satyagrahic fast6 U2 e9 }% T$ _
160. Reverse trial/ [3 \ Z, N$ d
161. Nonviolent harassment( r6 ` f- l( d% l
& R* \5 M% N/ c+ ]4 N: a) ~
Physical Intervention
0 z6 v X! b/ O3 n3 a5 ~ 162. Sit-in. p. q$ y, q, n1 z0 t
163. Stand-in
3 h8 A# r) l5 X; Z( s 164. Ride-in
! C! V. ?2 t" M7 ^ [4 S' K 165. Wade-in# R! F- H4 u. I6 p* I- N% S3 f
166. Mill-in' t/ {( }1 F- \( ]* o+ }
167. Pray-in
" A( p* U8 a3 ^, L 168. Nonviolent raids
* a$ }4 J* I- P: x 169. Nonviolent air raids
|/ d0 s) ?7 c: H1 ` 170. Nonviolent invasion
7 E3 h+ d, d. v; D 171. Nonviolent interjection
' j% f% K7 O- ^; T: t 172. Nonviolent obstruction! Q0 I! D# z7 v% w$ ]! R1 k$ `
173. Nonviolent occupation
! Y# O# Q+ ^& |" F) y6 l5 p" I6 V* [3 ~( G( C6 F
Social Intervention! O; J t0 G+ x8 o: n
174. Establishing new social patterns: e* m- L5 r$ p' |4 j
175. Overloading of facilities" x N$ H& S% i% c
176. Stall-in$ D- X: c* F' S, A M1 E" H6 _# T
177. Speak-in
% q0 j5 y) e# o" m5 C" b: p3 s 178. Guerrilla theater
! k% y M- m* ~ 179. Alternative social institutions5 k0 k5 g {/ _$ m3 q( x# o# q
180. Alternative communication system
0 q, x6 m* V- Q& l! f- u
3 b' _& z+ j' |% e% k' \6 XEconomic Intervention+ f4 {4 U6 k& |" @" b
181. Reverse strike- g6 v- J* @2 | i3 u
182. Stay-in strike
# @6 n# W, o% Z0 y4 e 183. Nonviolent land seizure
: ^& w$ [6 Y% S# S* V 184. Defiance of blockades) h# A6 i4 P- }( t2 i1 Q3 G x- p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: K% m4 K* L3 S" i
186. Preclusive purchasing1 }2 E9 S# U! D# m+ k s
187. Seizure of assets
/ g( t! M# ]. v4 c; i 188. Dumping
: a, x: u3 L! D+ W& x' r 189. Selective patronage0 X* t! C1 w$ a9 L
190. Alternative markets
: h" h9 n: l$ c! ^8 O 191. Alternative transportation systems' g* }9 _5 u; G( a J
192. Alternative economic institutions3 ~4 M3 q8 f1 f q" g2 x1 G# G
' n- r h' {$ i! z+ H
Political Intervention
1 ~- A- ^2 ^/ |0 O9 e 193. Overloading of administrative systems& m5 F$ T. c& S" c! y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 Z, C* B, H, U) `' ^ U 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 B2 D6 j# R0 ?* F3 a, Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 b: G! L3 D3 [$ r% A, N
197. Work-on without collaboration
3 u' E4 I. p4 K) I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 k, }, C" ?$ V8 u$ c) @
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
