 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; a$ s2 o0 D5 y2 ~6 l) `$ j
Formal Statements5 {* ^& U2 q5 M$ p, ^
1. Public Speeches
# J' Y* t% L5 x) w) w3 n4 B( P 2. Letters of opposition or support% m2 e; q1 [( P" C- T+ ]5 X B# `
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions" d3 l( c/ `, [ E, }0 y
4. Signed public statements
/ g) J, `; F' U5 {7 u6 e 5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ e: x: S3 _9 M* ~3 y; H
6. Group or mass petitions, y6 l) z. f3 S2 }
, U3 `1 S5 H iCommunications with a Wider Audience
# m" A4 a3 s& m! a. a" w6 _! G" ? 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ \8 Z* U# j. d( }! e8 s: e9 n
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications* }4 D y# l" c* s7 ~
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 l! Y) o! I+ V4 q5 ~0 E j$ a 10. Newspapers and journals* I% Q) \# H; u- Z
11. Records, radio, and television
1 z) Q2 u% e% u# V 12. Skywriting and earthwriting; K# ~. b! G! ^( u
& D ?2 N5 \: S6 T6 z" c
Group Representations: e6 `0 V. n% c* B6 `
13. Deputations: y1 q0 y& l# L( O
14. Mock awards
9 m9 n7 W5 V* x' Y, A' d! q 15. Group lobbying5 h: a8 D9 a6 q) L7 o7 \+ F1 Q" {
16. Picketing/ Q1 u; n0 K! d& f; P
17. Mock elections9 s# G% [0 j5 |; R) S
6 U2 N# Z, P" s" R0 h' O
Symbolic Public Acts
% n/ g! M* [: |$ ]! @2 _' o% k9 {1 ?" i 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' [9 w' Q4 u# \# S* V/ l: M 19. Wearing of symbols9 }8 K5 a9 _: G5 E, `5 l4 y
20. Prayer and worship
) y3 O0 {. H4 ~6 B" W" m a( L 21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 R, _4 q' b7 T# f' i 22. Protest disrobings7 X3 [0 C. F7 ~9 f) q' q+ C$ N
23. Destruction of own property. P& R0 I. N( |, m: y- o. {
24. Symbolic lights+ E9 _: J5 ]' w; C" N2 H- l. B! b
25. Displays of portraits
6 G7 D9 _3 O2 N: I/ v 26. Paint as protest8 a% |7 [( `6 f* c3 L6 J0 C
27. New signs and names; U5 R: t3 E% u3 m* D0 Y
28. Symbolic sounds
- g$ n+ ~! T* m! [5 `: O 29. Symbolic reclamations, D3 y1 d1 v8 E* x7 S _
30. Rude gestures
' w0 T1 X6 t+ [1 l! E' L9 f+ _! ~% U) c& a
Pressures on Individuals
. ]7 T" G% O$ ]' X 31. “Haunting” officials2 A+ O9 Z/ n# ]% y4 ?3 R/ u
32. Taunting officials
. J! L# ~+ C# ?; W! l 33. Fraternization
4 R# x. q; j& g+ o# ? 34. Vigils
7 Y1 m; x) \; h+ y. Y& `5 y. h+ {- A, N- y1 }3 y3 T
Drama and Music
& ^# m$ B2 R- n* i" z! j 35. Humorous skits and pranks; i( @8 y1 N( R& A
36. Performances of plays and music) ?" i5 ^. C; \5 L* H
37. Singing
+ G/ Z% s! T$ P& n+ r( F
& a0 S9 \1 b9 Z- V& d' | R# O0 OProcessions6 x; i: S J; u, A3 t' f4 G
38. Marches& e+ X2 S- q# r4 m/ g3 S
39. Parades+ A) R1 Y5 b3 L I4 m. \: ]
40. Religious processions
+ K! z1 n v2 R* V5 E5 T3 a 41. Pilgrimages0 F; i; l( w6 m
42. Motorcades$ K* Q' O# z4 L8 z
|! E" \- Y/ ~0 B7 E$ G B
Honoring the Dead
* X) g, x, q) i9 e# I k 43. Political mourning9 G0 r' w- ?$ }' z2 P" X
44. Mock funerals& b* ~% P G" r. l6 k
45. Demonstrative funerals$ u; v1 m1 ` @. f8 h0 w
46. Homage at burial places! w% y) P s+ ~) U9 u
4 f3 k" {* f- _' Z& MPublic Assemblies+ P P0 k" ?$ @# L0 ~* `/ z4 _" h
47. Assemblies of protest or support
, z5 h4 @; ` p+ x" y 48. Protest meetings* k* c. T' F" |) R7 W: W0 A) `
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) k- y( q o# L! E5 [. |5 m6 v 50. Teach-ins) S* U0 n4 |5 H& E
" A6 M' b ?. [" s8 Y+ |! E( k
Withdrawal and Renunciation; L) ]/ [1 i/ ^& h2 C
51. Walk-outs
% g$ {, D+ a1 g) h: b* y/ i 52. Silence
2 b3 i! N0 f: }: H/ t# j 53. Renouncing honors/ d+ ?4 \' s; Q1 D. T
54. Turning one’s back
4 H" a! ?# c1 }- S1 a& e7 W* z9 G5 X6 Y- N- P& M* S
8 k' p& d; M# b+ W8 d
& V' D' `+ t3 [6 V. X+ CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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, V, q# K5 W( f8 D% BOstracism of Persons
. _: F$ j" T* f 55. Social boycott0 q% k' h' a8 O. i% {
56. Selective social boycott
* [& i$ ?+ E" P( C 57. Lysistratic nonaction `7 h, l* M1 l2 ~* ^7 I
58. Excommunication
8 E* A6 C; m! ]8 B" l" L 59. Interdict. h% X$ ?4 N3 P$ [4 ~
$ m" ?5 v, B# |( ~* V5 KNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ f; d* |( T' k: F+ G3 Q 60. Suspension of social and sports activities G/ R' L# V+ I' ?, B
61. Boycott of social affairs
9 ^7 x8 \) K; h* N9 @; p+ c/ h4 e 62. Student strike
3 ~/ ^/ ~; G! c* ] 63. Social disobedience j; F5 ~' K7 @& b9 F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 J8 F- N2 \+ F6 U. A
6 x [# r. Q0 K. F7 g! q) fWithdrawal from the Social System
( S7 B8 V1 a3 O2 d# Q: X 65. Stay-at-home
2 e' z; D1 w0 {3 `" d 66. Total personal noncooperation
" |% g& g X5 i 67. “Flight” of workers. {$ c* o6 H) J' `0 U) {
68. Sanctuary
# I4 e! w$ o& B9 t# R 69. Collective disappearance8 B0 A4 W" h# M$ l, n$ s
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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2 c0 Y3 \/ x$ y( c3 a, v, _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
' k- X6 b9 r8 F; s3 @2 `7 K* z 71. Consumers’ boycott
* v5 p, m7 \) t1 E) c 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods6 b- d7 G6 q f' ^5 b$ P( q& _: |! `
73. Policy of austerity# s% A1 s! c3 h4 L8 D
74. Rent withholding
' p, i9 q& s9 v, y1 S 75. Refusal to rent8 C+ G# E5 O" t5 j# ]/ W: H
76. National consumers’ boycott
1 R% s7 C. o" e1 q# U4 P. S3 c 77. International consumers’ boycott
, {% n/ t5 a/ B; r: b: Q4 S/ _9 |# W! t' m4 T& x1 Q% e- U0 [* ^
Action by Workers and Producers
* x8 x2 O, i6 D 78. Workmen’s boycott
_9 M& `( v8 P- o 79. Producers’ boycott& s q5 f/ X, _8 x( X
( j" i# q4 o$ ?5 a7 T+ Q8 c0 ZAction by Middlemen0 ~. ^7 F7 I: q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management% W) z1 D9 D8 C, w6 y
81. Traders’ boycott
1 x3 k9 R* w* \+ s 82. Refusal to let or sell property% y0 u# `7 y+ ^+ \7 a; k; X3 A3 y1 S: a
83. Lockout# S7 s( C, T' a- C
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) }7 d- o& U( I' S6 X, h1 A 85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 Z% k9 F5 s$ H) P! u
7 h# b9 H( A: z; o. p, [5 k
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
) d4 o' Q0 k$ N) o- M* D 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 d7 w5 o; Z/ V 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ r+ G( I* }- C" z3 q: O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 ~- ? k' r; I8 B3 u 89. Severance of funds and credit; c2 |7 X. N3 v& T& V) _# z) `
90. Revenue refusal$ |$ u9 ^$ v) y8 v$ i8 m3 v' r
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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' p) Z9 b0 X: x6 }3 V WAction by Governments$ T I; u, i; o/ n7 Q+ f
92. Domestic embargo
& G" o, E, F6 p# c5 l 93. Blacklisting of traders
, m* b* F& x5 r. H$ y& D' U# G 94. International sellers’ embargo# H, l4 M) ~! [* u7 i. p2 H% O! q
95. International buyers’ embargo2 g2 k2 G( U* i% V* L7 _' o' W- q% y+ Q
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 B5 v9 f( X% B. f0 h; w- D# t
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0 k8 i% O2 Z8 S" H2 }8 I. GSymbolic Strikes6 _7 F b6 z- q2 q7 ~7 C9 e1 M
97. Protest strike
4 T5 p4 W: F# G/ w; ^ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 W( ?) Q4 \' Q; S& c
$ W( M. T7 M# B: h9 B4 {6 T* TAgricultural Strikes
" _ C5 _; o$ Q0 N' h! U! x 99. Peasant strike
; D' K# |2 B* {3 @+ h 100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 g( W% Y) N/ n
& o" b2 \9 ?) X) m; Y5 [' [; z8 g/ gStrikes by Special Groups
8 d/ v# ?; H2 Y5 f- v: O 101. Refusal of impressed labor
! r& o+ Q3 ]+ `4 A! B! K 102. Prisoners’ strike
# p( l9 E y9 Y: b: ^8 p% k 103. Craft strike
4 |, i; n* F6 x& Y% N+ J5 X3 \ 104. Professional strike
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1 {6 n% Z2 V# S# s. P- cOrdinary Industrial Strikes a! q3 f0 _1 W$ c9 C! s2 {' d
105. Establishment strike3 E- x2 J7 V6 S( z
106. Industry strike
! U% M6 o) r7 U, x4 }$ v3 \ 107. Sympathetic strike- a0 o1 q" y! P0 U+ \3 }
! X4 T3 O4 e; y: @ H
Restricted Strikes* ~' n9 y1 k1 [6 J
108. Detailed strike+ U2 N0 i4 _1 o! X/ |) T W/ E
109. Bumper strike) M" V4 s2 P: T& v4 h
110. Slowdown strike* l( u' i) v, s9 s2 o$ G4 c7 h
111. Working-to-rule strike
6 K5 F$ M3 H7 G5 y2 S" R, F' N( C 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 H1 G( W( _/ C# s
113. Strike by resignation
) b# C! B/ S5 G! ] 114. Limited strike
) ~: q$ ^/ A) G \4 f$ B 115. Selective strike
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% j H5 B* v/ b& C/ G& M+ VMulti-Industry Strikes3 Y+ i1 r8 E9 J: B3 \$ ~* p9 }( r/ b! B- ]
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116. Generalized strike( t7 j- V& c5 w5 N0 s
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117. General strike
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8 E( i! ]" y3 s! ~Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 @% P, F0 p2 Q: n4 M' H1 v
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118. Hartal
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0 H3 |# m) M! P) y6 |8 H 119. Economic shutdown
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C" ~' }7 N8 N( O, Z: j S+ S/ D0 h& j
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; t; Z1 A, M- v8 K
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Rejection of Authority3 h3 y1 P l6 {1 d! b5 u
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) S* _# D" l* ~* H% d$ U9 U* z
121. Refusal of public support
8 q8 H7 |6 m4 J. e 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 S) O8 m" L. ~' T* M
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. d+ ~' L' H, m8 a: g: N 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% l5 Z4 a; F, ?5 f0 h$ I$ U
124. Boycott of elections% `6 O& ~$ l) n5 s% O3 j
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. u' [) ^" ]6 ^: d 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# x; Z9 l/ s1 y4 ]. f! g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ O; z/ X. e, K6 u6 l9 y7 j' c8 i
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" e- @3 b& k* {4 z( _: F
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( w3 T: b, X) B5 r5 B8 e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 Q1 q9 @3 F2 A; [* k1 r
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- l# h7 j! M- [# M+ U1 R; F
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" K' ]6 X5 v1 j3 N) _6 x$ R
: x9 s* s+ g6 o! k( H5 l6 t
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* ~$ p) ?: w! G' @
133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 B* ^3 y9 q0 W9 I! K* J. \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 j$ u) P& e' S: b* ~3 x 135. Popular nonobedience
6 s. m, Y2 i7 M5 c) c 136. Disguised disobedience
5 F+ i7 e# s! ^) c1 K2 p/ M 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; p4 P; _1 C3 j3 M V5 @) y 138. Sitdown: R1 ^2 q5 O9 W4 p
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; m( w/ o( _2 E& U; ~
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities f! U+ J7 H$ K5 @ L$ |8 x
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) i2 x1 H# x+ s% i. [* [9 V, n4 n2 m5 }# P# H
Action by Government Personnel0 ?( H; o: r. _3 x, Q% ?. t
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 J a. ]1 W+ y( C# W0 p
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) j8 e0 ?# X4 R- e" F4 R9 a 144. Stalling and obstruction8 s) L* o* n" t! V* I- n
145. General administrative noncooperation
+ J# D; d* y# y- m6 k
" o& a: \6 W) F# p 146. Judicial noncooperation3 S: N; F0 a5 T' S* [4 ^
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) p$ a' j2 R# Z; @' R3 V
148. Mutiny6 z+ L6 c, U/ [& x
Domestic Governmental Action( F- g( D% S- \' N5 b7 f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: S Q3 h* w2 e, z: n3 i( g" b7 |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ P& W7 P3 Z5 p
% i7 B; O% W$ k' @International Governmental Action# G; O6 `# N; ?8 @
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- g! @2 O$ d. e* N# m) o
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ j) J) l( L. v8 b6 u8 k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ l; ]4 T8 m9 t# I! [ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations* m8 H( r V& r0 e b
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% d& K" O" u& Z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 R( ?! z/ g2 O4 E& g 157. Expulsion from international organizations" V" y; V! q; x, D1 x
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 R$ C' q( B* M( I/ e/ D; V
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Psychological Intervention" _# S4 \. Q! N' r5 a- a
158. Self-exposure to the elements
* G8 V5 ~; C3 s' m9 s$ ^ 159. The fast
X. k: h4 c. u8 _6 b a) Fast of moral pressure5 x: M) g e( J( X
b) Hunger strike
1 c. m$ B4 y" K# L$ ^& Q) B c) Satyagrahic fast
2 m" ]1 C- `: F2 H" q 160. Reverse trial
$ o9 d8 C5 o& v/ ^3 @ 161. Nonviolent harassment* |# ?1 L5 k/ ^4 j E
) V$ Q: j3 M8 _- C K: x9 H8 H2 yPhysical Intervention1 ]2 F6 }- @: L& a b; g
162. Sit-in2 p4 j7 s8 B- J1 l' p+ ]
163. Stand-in
2 ]& S2 L" X) O3 l+ D7 m, r 164. Ride-in
+ F x" t: H z0 K 165. Wade-in
# X( l" _; _7 D0 E$ I 166. Mill-in. Z4 C2 b! j/ r# k3 h+ E
167. Pray-in
+ ~+ [/ N+ }" c 168. Nonviolent raids) X0 Q$ {# N: u! S2 h) }' w0 _
169. Nonviolent air raids
7 S! }4 o5 W& T( I 170. Nonviolent invasion
# U) `" u" M+ G) ? 171. Nonviolent interjection* v6 x& P5 [! U- p* r
172. Nonviolent obstruction, o' t9 A. `4 F. ?: C
173. Nonviolent occupation& ?+ k) j B9 f/ S/ `
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Social Intervention
2 M- d+ d2 v, e8 U0 J 174. Establishing new social patterns. e* Q2 @( H1 F( T! C% A
175. Overloading of facilities
- | E' ?, G2 D& K 176. Stall-in: C2 {2 @9 z ^# ?6 z' |$ m2 M
177. Speak-in
$ S; \6 x2 t# L 178. Guerrilla theater
7 A% [4 s8 r9 g. P! S1 G+ R( p# Z 179. Alternative social institutions
9 |& ^, ~ g. _! d5 J: i: O2 B( K' ^ 180. Alternative communication system
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1 }7 D; t1 z2 C0 v6 pEconomic Intervention
$ b4 u: d, F- k5 r/ t 181. Reverse strike
# Y o4 }' U" \2 W; I% ] 182. Stay-in strike) j' I7 s; `! O3 E* e) W: x
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ w' K6 P* ?# F: e5 [$ a( s0 M
184. Defiance of blockades- V* {1 ]* d P; {$ f
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ A+ i9 p2 p1 e+ ^" {8 z
186. Preclusive purchasing, x! E7 L6 m) g- S& L. ~% `0 `7 L
187. Seizure of assets+ q/ J' `$ g& |5 W1 V/ i
188. Dumping0 M- W/ ^1 B$ V! c) {
189. Selective patronage
! ]9 A+ O( V; ?# \7 M 190. Alternative markets
h" l- l& ]* l- ]+ z1 ~# S+ ` 191. Alternative transportation systems$ X7 s: v0 ^, H: K+ k' k2 w9 K2 Z
192. Alternative economic institutions
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* V& a8 m& l$ d1 @8 V; IPolitical Intervention6 D9 |4 Y0 t6 m$ F) |
193. Overloading of administrative systems; M! T& g! R0 }4 ?
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' z! X1 O h! Q8 e8 }1 l8 R 195. Seeking imprisonment- z( B, n# L0 t0 v: x% |
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! H, ~6 X3 a2 |& D P
197. Work-on without collaboration7 [, ~3 h$ b" s7 q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
