 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' Y) ]5 S4 p4 r4 a; g
Formal Statements
% E9 V* [% M" [/ ?! W* ^ 1. Public Speeches% c4 r7 P) [+ a, L
2. Letters of opposition or support0 b! m" D2 f2 T3 n3 I; G/ K
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& c% e9 j0 a' i% }" y
4. Signed public statements
# ^( V9 d% k7 r$ V9 N 5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 p5 z1 u7 |8 |# _% W: V4 y
6. Group or mass petitions
" m. [* T3 t) E( z
8 q7 O, r. b2 X( K' Y, tCommunications with a Wider Audience
2 p7 S' Q5 H. K' L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" E1 F7 s6 A* X 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 s; K: r2 ]' c* R `6 t: ]/ X 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) X, g% p( O" U6 M1 X
10. Newspapers and journals+ H y! ?) A) h0 w Q, D
11. Records, radio, and television
2 G$ h4 T1 n1 w 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 R4 z7 D0 S0 A& h) J4 w3 C. g1 }9 Q$ B L3 h' N& z1 v
Group Representations& r/ g" n; P* e3 \3 S5 }1 p3 C
13. Deputations; ]+ I4 p6 E) O
14. Mock awards# W- O' e! K% `# z: E
15. Group lobbying
t5 _8 `5 I8 d2 ~3 m3 ] 16. Picketing
) n9 O5 h) U; L 17. Mock elections
9 N3 X6 K( i, J% m
$ G' D) F5 V' h' Y% ~8 s& uSymbolic Public Acts
9 w( q5 z! n# H$ R' W' d# g 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( W/ ]- Q4 E6 P$ j7 c) \* T& F6 E+ u 19. Wearing of symbols: n0 ]) S" M* c
20. Prayer and worship
" w) j& C+ N' m4 \9 S5 K) f 21. Delivering symbolic objects5 f2 `- [1 p4 O" ~( T
22. Protest disrobings
# g$ k1 _# |5 V1 w+ B2 t& D 23. Destruction of own property1 c* R2 F' e3 V$ R+ {
24. Symbolic lights
1 x- h/ Y2 l8 c2 J 25. Displays of portraits0 _5 a1 ~& l! A* k U: _
26. Paint as protest
3 \3 X- s$ d9 r9 Q$ r 27. New signs and names
, E7 O2 E6 `3 b3 Z& b 28. Symbolic sounds% x7 }7 P/ X* s* p1 D$ S, n4 c8 T4 u
29. Symbolic reclamations
$ p* i( S7 J( O 30. Rude gestures" C# Q7 A$ d5 P6 B
* }! V9 q/ O# v. m
Pressures on Individuals: z. g. {/ B/ h! \
31. “Haunting” officials5 y$ k$ j& O' H' A6 x/ u
32. Taunting officials
( q* c9 O7 t& C 33. Fraternization
- P; B6 u: h5 q0 d 34. Vigils
1 R6 s- i3 v+ o$ k0 J
" B8 m$ }7 @) g9 K3 ?Drama and Music; H0 ^/ \) X5 @, t
35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ m4 Q6 O) q5 K) \# x 36. Performances of plays and music/ W5 X; P/ N0 `$ w3 E. Z( C2 }
37. Singing! {) R, ^1 h; t/ B2 n" ]
" b# ^7 ]; C) k+ u" K ~4 b" x2 @
Processions
% g. Z$ V' p0 T: L* U- f3 _ 38. Marches
3 ~% v S# o- G0 Q# O3 N6 \ 39. Parades
6 [7 `$ V/ i3 b+ r 40. Religious processions+ {( z2 e& F: l6 {0 J; o
41. Pilgrimages; l( r- c* j0 x, O
42. Motorcades) _: s2 F$ ~0 ^
0 {' h4 }, b" l# @6 B' s! pHonoring the Dead) r4 I3 x) s( c' ~2 ~9 H1 ?: c
43. Political mourning6 l& k. ~3 C5 j- n7 J3 S
44. Mock funerals
# U. ~3 ^- P0 ^, u5 g! }3 m: S 45. Demonstrative funerals
. J* p1 H9 y! f, v* Y, y 46. Homage at burial places1 U1 m3 J) v# K; T
) ~' y$ U7 w/ O" f9 j
Public Assemblies0 t: p8 }! w% E5 M
47. Assemblies of protest or support
! F4 G4 }* L$ e5 o* S4 p, R% ` 48. Protest meetings
2 V) m7 v q/ L1 d 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ L, O: m1 d5 C 50. Teach-ins g+ ^) q8 C1 Q; `% o( m% w
& @# n- V" \* }& k3 N5 _6 d: o
Withdrawal and Renunciation# N |$ [7 e9 U$ r' W5 K2 L+ S6 U
51. Walk-outs B; h3 I% f1 l
52. Silence
9 t5 V1 y1 E, ]$ ]: @ 53. Renouncing honors6 m" k# n' J |
54. Turning one’s back2 n9 m. N2 P4 B5 c1 S' M
, J: x) G) p; ?& _/ B$ f: M
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" a9 U/ ^9 j# B8 o$ pTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 C7 ?+ J( {6 p1 I
0 H( W9 U% {1 [4 R% X
2 ^- }: Z# Z9 ?. o, p9 o, ~! ^ B- u; W
Ostracism of Persons3 a/ i) d& O9 h. F6 M2 t
55. Social boycott
& H, \& v0 A8 F3 P- i 56. Selective social boycott
/ c& r* H0 X- G0 k# X/ d 57. Lysistratic nonaction- D8 Q% F+ s+ E
58. Excommunication9 [3 z7 n' k4 g1 V* N' f
59. Interdict7 r4 X( L$ Z8 a# m2 S3 H! v, o
) _( y8 w" y7 n+ E0 Y! J
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( a1 D Q# J! K) \9 o" [' A
60. Suspension of social and sports activities% k+ }- C; b. A2 l; s+ _, n
61. Boycott of social affairs
/ P0 R; j2 n; ] R( C 62. Student strike
) e+ m1 r4 ?7 V. J3 s9 [ 63. Social disobedience+ X5 w& F' n- h2 O4 X; r; ?9 x7 l. x
64. Withdrawal from social institutions' b$ h& M) d& Q8 z4 c3 R
1 A" e: R2 Q4 U, n- V* J" }
Withdrawal from the Social System/ L4 r/ D T' I0 x# Q7 z
65. Stay-at-home" B0 d7 C8 F% q& n3 a* F
66. Total personal noncooperation! d! \9 i+ g% ~( B5 S
67. “Flight” of workers
1 l! ~- z9 D' q7 \+ }$ a n; P) q 68. Sanctuary
. `5 l9 P$ o( ^8 o. E" j 69. Collective disappearance7 e, h2 P/ C7 `3 w
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" T- D3 _: J5 V2 ?: F9 W" t
; x& z8 f, H9 ^/ I2 \* H' V
9 n# }, E0 ~( i! G1 |5 F5 P% H
: \. V9 Z0 A% A9 Y2 e7 NTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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8 ^4 o& y- C$ t' P i5 w# S8 x# x
) }7 Q/ M& N7 h7 F& SActions by Consumers: a% S# c3 n' H* T. K0 `
71. Consumers’ boycott0 J- s6 f# @. j* {6 r; f
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods6 n: f d% x3 O2 C) S
73. Policy of austerity
& F* e$ E% q6 |3 g x0 e" D 74. Rent withholding7 o6 i d5 s$ Q5 b! ]
75. Refusal to rent
! E! _+ u G1 f( t+ O 76. National consumers’ boycott
3 `$ `1 v6 K" p1 l7 @, ^ 77. International consumers’ boycott: }( ^8 I1 o- E; m% h$ a2 C
/ Z* ]( R6 r% l! a: Q+ r" m% H* P
Action by Workers and Producers; _& |5 c! ?. K, D* @
78. Workmen’s boycott/ a. A% |& c. j! i
79. Producers’ boycott$ V* j V) R1 ^7 e, K+ u
3 S8 V7 a$ Q3 A7 `Action by Middlemen
% S+ Y. _+ a& I. y# S) _: `& R 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 n$ F' w' J! o8 E: s g, Q5 s# k( `* J, k2 U
Action by Owners and Management9 j4 o* |- X7 G% g) w
81. Traders’ boycott7 ~1 Z9 h d5 X4 V
82. Refusal to let or sell property' k1 Y" E* K# f& e
83. Lockout
4 J2 k4 r, D7 s7 p 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 l. y, j( ^' _8 I' S* d9 p 85. Merchants’ “general strike”: R/ \8 H. c h& x7 E* [: D
7 [5 F' ], W mAction by Holders of Financial Resources
. j4 |! B* J7 `' s 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ b# d1 a. Y, Y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- z. `' n3 t- q% J! X* j( i2 k 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% Q% d1 g: r( O 89. Severance of funds and credit" N% H2 _- m: C6 S& B1 L
90. Revenue refusal* W6 i; s7 i- y0 v) y
91. Refusal of a government’s money6 x3 L/ C* }. p) [& }
* d% u' m" {& f: J$ hAction by Governments+ v; A8 Z$ Q3 D' ?5 P8 |- p
92. Domestic embargo
9 b r, |4 O' r4 ~ 93. Blacklisting of traders
( b& J6 s8 G$ }+ \3 z4 f0 L) | 94. International sellers’ embargo) M0 z+ H6 m6 A+ F* n. H
95. International buyers’ embargo1 B4 j. F; h- w! { l! b
96. International trade embargo
4 a6 [& S, K5 m4 ]+ O. {
E& G! m, o# K1 b# E9 I3 t! \ 6 K$ G% v z8 |! R, k/ f: G
8 i: B/ H+ g* O n9 PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes; M& F% E. ]# A4 a% C
97. Protest strike5 Y1 }7 S5 P; G6 v! ^. c; A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 J, G! _& g; y. g+ M
* ]2 K6 e! V+ A6 d: RAgricultural Strikes
" c5 `7 w$ b5 ?( |$ q 99. Peasant strike
* Z/ T; t( u( u4 k% g3 {' N% `+ }0 B 100. Farm Workers’ strike8 p% n0 z4 W8 U) S" M
% N+ |" }* h( a. m9 _3 d/ WStrikes by Special Groups
- ] x8 I1 C% W! [) X. o0 e 101. Refusal of impressed labor8 A3 N2 A, v) w+ j; X
102. Prisoners’ strike
7 [2 {8 @1 n7 g! e% y% _; K* ` 103. Craft strike
, D1 r" U7 H) j% Z8 e 104. Professional strike
; O. G9 h0 J+ j9 r
. @) Z) q; s& ^- R$ w; ~Ordinary Industrial Strikes
5 D, j3 R6 [$ h2 X8 d4 \0 N! P1 C! C 105. Establishment strike2 O: |/ p5 h H- b
106. Industry strike
. e$ j. ]0 n/ S: Q9 p3 E3 O/ b: R' P7 D 107. Sympathetic strike
8 w% i3 K* f, T
5 F8 c) w: W+ r: P6 LRestricted Strikes' |* S6 Q- M* j. I. x( X: g0 F
108. Detailed strike% r% U% L! U+ Z2 W% m" n
109. Bumper strike+ C; S+ M6 E9 T0 J3 B/ {
110. Slowdown strike
7 w7 n/ s H" M4 X4 R& n1 s 111. Working-to-rule strike( o8 F! f' ? [' ?
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): ]) D4 h- P7 `& N5 ^+ H
113. Strike by resignation( P' d1 H) P5 @ J4 _
114. Limited strike
7 @* I! N+ v" O7 y! F% F8 Y. z 115. Selective strike1 |: r$ ?! ]9 x5 P- K# m
, ^# o( p3 c8 S S' z
Multi-Industry Strikes
. C& f" ?7 F, v7 A% [& ~$ c0 D
: t" M% }6 t' L( E0 u6 M9 [- H 116. Generalized strike2 D" Y$ ?9 \2 b( j4 Y3 C
% i$ L: L4 r: {" d$ d 117. General strike/ O0 Y8 l* A8 p: r9 Q4 i% e0 F
; G$ A& t" I T' O$ lCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures! |* ?" Q9 `" n8 S9 T' L3 f
: V* ~! `" C1 B' f8 v% v' d* j/ N 118. Hartal
) L* N- I! U% \0 y( [
% B1 f0 |, l+ { 119. Economic shutdown/ u5 G" k- M) G
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1 b0 e, h5 Q- C- o n1 G! dTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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& O, O: a' B' w5 ARejection of Authority( V' \- ~& w" ^8 F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 \5 M! g8 Y5 c' N5 t4 Q 121. Refusal of public support2 L! T; I' z& K' ?( T1 W% j
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, f. A: [( Y- J7 U, p; P+ R! c& V: t7 d: ?( C1 h) z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' f& L- W! P" Z5 w, }- e/ S& e 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( F, o: Y" Y5 O: { 124. Boycott of elections, t7 b& ~. q( x2 `
125. Boycott of government employment and positions' ?$ I; g* d) K: q9 l7 F9 [0 _
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 I: B5 ]7 s# L" C0 j5 I
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' ^0 H) r7 ^% H
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations* M+ S' B: c: A7 N, g' {4 E: Z f
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. l) y3 s6 j7 d
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
F5 X) l3 r8 ~3 ?2 m3 K1 m 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" U: `+ A: I+ Y! u o6 N) ?
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions2 a) h: K2 M: z
1 a& F/ Q" U% b% \: V# f
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 S5 P" l, E. e7 \$ R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ x& h# w [* L9 G* v/ N; V/ O 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 B @% a n! ~# N; f$ H# ~ 135. Popular nonobedience* y, |' c0 b2 N! k! ~
136. Disguised disobedience) f% N" Q% {4 Y8 j7 j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ M6 Z- O1 k. Y' a! ]
138. Sitdown
3 q' e0 M2 v5 @; g+ g- K6 E* z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# g4 d: |+ K5 j
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
r1 g" I( A* K! ?. g$ } 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 \5 {3 v8 B3 t0 c* N
9 y/ h8 S8 f/ H% U9 ^! M
Action by Government Personnel
& M& {3 W5 b7 f! c4 ?% n 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
6 [6 o8 }* m+ @, B: C9 D 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# O9 f( R3 O& S( J 144. Stalling and obstruction, W2 O6 f, Z- w1 x& O3 A
145. General administrative noncooperation' V" t6 y" W- k2 j
) a& L% h5 x2 T! @; E. s* a% X& c
146. Judicial noncooperation4 B1 E. P- q- [2 j) O E+ |. i# x
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' p2 ~5 X7 t! @- s; ?
148. Mutiny
+ @( ]; g; a* UDomestic Governmental Action# C' E! i; u5 k) t& g( t; h
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 k; H5 }7 }( F- M$ t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' r: I# ?& h" ^7 e; T/ V# d0 r2 n( G, p9 v
International Governmental Action* w& r% P) \/ b# R* P" n3 \7 c
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: c- o* Q9 }! x1 T3 F* P6 q" V
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
) e8 R% {: Z1 G6 G2 b( `0 B 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& Z: ^4 J& @' F# T& Y3 E
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 Z1 Q8 Z" S4 m, G 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 {3 p8 b- V& E' F5 {5 } 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 d- L B# P) k, j3 C+ |/ q
157. Expulsion from international organizations
( ^8 u$ d7 [ a( z4 u* [4 M2 ^+ \$ ~( `! X! Q4 G( R9 x
5 F) C5 u; e% y) E3 K6 W. z
8 [2 D) A& W8 ]% r9 X/ fTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention1 [/ M; f; m' B9 X
158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 v4 S6 \. L" ^0 L; k& k 159. The fast
* I0 T: `% }( Z) h3 L, Y7 | a) Fast of moral pressure
7 d# {1 p6 R# A) d8 }! [3 [% c! g b) Hunger strike' I: z) J7 z+ L: F
c) Satyagrahic fast: L* u" ~$ N, r
160. Reverse trial4 n y# Q# p# e5 c6 Y8 I% x
161. Nonviolent harassment
* X# |- Y" w9 i" c' K, v
& O% J& p+ j/ t lPhysical Intervention4 o% [# |: I& _' a! O% w) e' y4 B
162. Sit-in& |, m! J6 B8 b3 R3 S
163. Stand-in. }1 p' H' r( _
164. Ride-in. p' j. L) Q. X
165. Wade-in
( ]8 {. K7 W7 x- ~2 v( G& i 166. Mill-in* a) H2 G- E! Z- e/ }
167. Pray-in+ b( b) | C! I; G8 P3 m2 p$ i
168. Nonviolent raids& |7 B( f! h& H! e* K4 v/ D, A7 O* p
169. Nonviolent air raids7 A& ^0 u! d* ~) b
170. Nonviolent invasion3 o- ~' p' n, R9 i% k# @- f
171. Nonviolent interjection# u' M4 {5 O7 `! \" ~- B
172. Nonviolent obstruction- B$ r) d& X( }" k% a
173. Nonviolent occupation
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: o n1 v) O* q" [ b6 r) O' LSocial Intervention/ x, l& B z6 J7 i/ }7 |- X
174. Establishing new social patterns+ k; v1 Y/ a `( V
175. Overloading of facilities
) w, R) f. ~$ b; k1 Z: `" R2 Y 176. Stall-in
+ @0 s- L5 q1 e" d' i 177. Speak-in
- \/ N2 S& b9 X) v! P3 H/ U 178. Guerrilla theater, S. V- }8 y+ H
179. Alternative social institutions4 H" S5 ^* z0 p2 }
180. Alternative communication system& v; W+ ^" { i7 z* [0 _
+ H- c3 q8 X* r' b' @
Economic Intervention
* k( c6 g, l1 u4 s% s 181. Reverse strike
+ ^. K! g1 s* f4 I 182. Stay-in strike
1 m. |. {/ T) ~5 w8 @ 183. Nonviolent land seizure" s0 p" B& ~6 Y/ Z$ Z
184. Defiance of blockades5 Y' q* l2 H6 L! B) o, _
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 c. e* U% ~# ?% i 186. Preclusive purchasing$ l4 v$ T3 Z. Q5 N4 d
187. Seizure of assets& C5 C3 B' o. m6 S2 M
188. Dumping7 z* ^' p' Y# y7 l$ Y
189. Selective patronage
$ F8 f8 m. Z: O V 190. Alternative markets4 o9 u5 Z1 _ D. X4 M
191. Alternative transportation systems+ o$ u) L. ]8 r, d
192. Alternative economic institutions
% m" p4 t2 j( W. \4 y5 | U5 C8 \& ?
0 m `: `3 P3 F6 vPolitical Intervention/ d: ]0 a% o9 N
193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 {5 ?! C' }. t: M3 \3 g 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" @+ K y) O( w; S% M1 s* D 195. Seeking imprisonment
# _5 R* i% y8 J) G 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. L5 }2 i) ^2 \: f' Y! M. ]
197. Work-on without collaboration
7 _) X* b9 ?+ M 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( ]: K" A. h6 o J8 z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
