 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, e, V+ e8 e% S& ]$ _! e9 f
Formal Statements W v# k& }! B1 Y! z
1. Public Speeches- r3 T3 {6 l3 Q6 }
2. Letters of opposition or support( E# n1 g* e: L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# |7 S# R- V5 d c1 ~% T9 o
4. Signed public statements G0 Z: p/ ?. K: K; b8 ^
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 b7 N9 K6 X3 W" Z3 T$ I6 g1 ~ 6. Group or mass petitions7 V2 O* y/ b' V0 e- Y* f
. ]$ h' I- E7 f$ v
Communications with a Wider Audience' G7 }" m% D% m Y( Q/ s- S& E E) H
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# v: b: V; H- P5 ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications8 P' N% h) _% S* Z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 ]% Q( T! t* ?, K& N2 Q
10. Newspapers and journals# S* q4 J% B% k) V( N2 L
11. Records, radio, and television& F3 k" T" o$ W% i
12. Skywriting and earthwriting( N y6 i' e6 r. o
( I# [6 x+ M" f5 N6 a2 PGroup Representations P- S/ J4 i% V% Z5 I
13. Deputations
+ O& ~9 H' O: i: Q- j# T 14. Mock awards
; c+ U* P) @% d; p) @ 15. Group lobbying
4 x# B" J2 ~, {0 n( d7 \$ d 16. Picketing
9 x% p& ]. V$ r% a 17. Mock elections
$ B7 |. a) V# ~& @4 R! V! o6 l
) K# R/ X: L" I' a$ ~; |: xSymbolic Public Acts
0 u. R2 R' N E$ I$ n: Y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors Q! m1 b, e: _, _/ V; F2 @* o0 b, |
19. Wearing of symbols
- x' n; m0 e% R) s- } 20. Prayer and worship
% {/ {& w" o0 B: l0 g$ [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects' c2 D, s; l" a8 L
22. Protest disrobings3 b8 v' i. x1 d& b) r5 z4 X
23. Destruction of own property
" @0 o( J. v8 v8 p5 g1 t 24. Symbolic lights
& V- U& M* V7 T 25. Displays of portraits
0 F4 B0 a0 v9 y$ U/ L7 { 26. Paint as protest
! h& U6 i7 y$ i0 |' a 27. New signs and names$ T2 y8 a8 g% L: P E
28. Symbolic sounds
9 {* U' P$ J& h4 z6 C' m$ T 29. Symbolic reclamations y j4 `9 \& W( }% W$ g, g% M6 G
30. Rude gestures
- G/ i3 t2 O; H; j6 m4 T7 f- m# _1 A: y
Pressures on Individuals/ q3 [$ a: _ b9 d. v# W7 l
31. “Haunting” officials# S k( c0 ~" R2 B/ ^9 \9 {7 F0 U
32. Taunting officials
0 e: S# f6 e) T% `7 n. C' u 33. Fraternization
8 @3 B2 [ v t 34. Vigils
$ z- ], T* f( `6 _; }+ p
4 [! ~9 _( f! z! V) \$ |0 k4 IDrama and Music7 s$ ?6 }; [1 _4 x
35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 B" M3 h- ~, t# f7 V% |# ^ }8 T 36. Performances of plays and music
. s. s: g' p+ B S4 d6 }9 Z+ U 37. Singing) ^& j+ r: _) B
& Q! w; k8 }% Y0 ~Processions
/ R: e# o" S; [1 d: T' j% L 38. Marches; ^5 T! _( x. w, [- [
39. Parades e3 u, {/ V" d3 ~: i
40. Religious processions- o2 f# I1 b4 o( E
41. Pilgrimages
k+ A6 X$ g9 w 42. Motorcades4 T U F6 U8 S+ }. C
: z" m2 x8 H7 g+ e3 b. bHonoring the Dead$ s8 _' n) X1 a6 X: F
43. Political mourning
& g( x% b' W9 b" t 44. Mock funerals
) l1 i! j2 s' \( [ 45. Demonstrative funerals# o' T l) d& {% Z2 G( A# F+ a
46. Homage at burial places
5 a2 o# l+ p5 u6 x( i: U2 J* x/ m# o" I* f# F; ^
Public Assemblies
( z3 g& I" f% X5 n6 t: r 47. Assemblies of protest or support' k0 V1 k2 C2 K) H5 h" G7 ~
48. Protest meetings/ {1 p- F4 ? G6 L b) ~) P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 s5 q( A9 n8 c1 D4 \" b
50. Teach-ins
( w& Z9 A% I' B1 r- i# ?
+ L1 u5 \6 R6 v- |0 n6 S* A) MWithdrawal and Renunciation
4 q. M3 {$ b& z 51. Walk-outs1 f# _9 S* V' {9 E, n" y! J
52. Silence
' c- m$ b- r# B% ?' Z ] 53. Renouncing honors9 S) I7 l& D: A
54. Turning one’s back
7 t/ ^9 G3 M6 n8 [3 S. t. o, V
, j, I/ C' r* C# ^9 x , O. z2 |% J4 N$ u6 j( K
; @3 S- R0 t+ p+ o/ v5 W
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION8 Z" M- M6 f: ?% }+ k) C2 M
" \2 }. x% F" Q% S; ?& c" {( K 8 c X5 n: L! k A' h& g
7 R* X. z- y* B- O( N0 \Ostracism of Persons; Y0 B+ C) I4 t( u/ p
55. Social boycott
0 ^! w, A3 y5 ~5 a' f+ l 56. Selective social boycott+ B1 k# ~. d- Q2 A$ E4 ~ p4 [
57. Lysistratic nonaction' m+ o( A7 }& @4 x. D- }0 S+ }. r1 r- F
58. Excommunication! }4 u7 {5 U, s8 s- y
59. Interdict
. v) y+ {; z" R6 s6 i& U
7 X4 D$ x- b# Q- H$ q% nNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( ]3 q4 z% c3 x$ p
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' F. C: L3 \( K 61. Boycott of social affairs8 s [6 P) B$ X5 Y! j8 X& k
62. Student strike4 w1 E+ N# x% `
63. Social disobedience" u& y$ `6 @, G, I
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* B( D0 s1 N; k6 P1 y# \& l0 \; ^' ]9 k6 `. C' A/ r Y0 }
Withdrawal from the Social System9 R; f% V4 j) b- \7 m3 R9 N
65. Stay-at-home
; B* @: P I( v X/ P7 x, E. |9 T. p0 } 66. Total personal noncooperation
( h6 c, s P l& C0 L) f" C$ o 67. “Flight” of workers* _+ b2 U! d/ o& ?# Y6 Q; b3 z
68. Sanctuary3 y2 M$ ^& B7 h, w
69. Collective disappearance; h6 b) S5 L, P! z1 `& D! N
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ L! g$ v& Q& H3 j/ {
3 F/ C" Z# k& g$ |* x ) d' K4 S8 W% a; \' a( F$ Z
4 F$ R* D) ~6 Z* v
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 c4 m+ T- w- J' J8 r2 d
( A: ]5 p5 A% W- B/ @$ i7 E4 k7 [% V# M
2 W# p+ W$ P. N& E2 F' }" Y8 R3 eActions by Consumers
- `! A D6 v# r Z- N6 j5 G 71. Consumers’ boycott
0 w) B+ R4 s9 `& I0 q; O 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 p, W0 i) e) C- n4 S. ~ 73. Policy of austerity4 @2 a" u$ b, S! f) }* R
74. Rent withholding3 R6 g1 ]# V" l8 H' S! q1 m
75. Refusal to rent
# L m A H! l# k6 `3 e 76. National consumers’ boycott2 u. e& `/ _* U
77. International consumers’ boycott- f& k7 M5 [% C
9 P$ }" N; _1 jAction by Workers and Producers, }/ Q6 ` {6 E. {. r
78. Workmen’s boycott
% M6 P7 h# s! Q3 `5 g0 e# s) X 79. Producers’ boycott. I" y6 ]% E; z% n- `. J
) [! D) o& Y4 y7 _9 I
Action by Middlemen9 W. f6 o+ j. {; Y, R
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& c- E6 h3 B2 M, B
& ~ m. D, F9 K8 w# \3 v$ j9 C" [Action by Owners and Management
/ o: k2 f# ?' ~- u3 W 81. Traders’ boycott
: O4 P5 j$ a Z( Z$ o 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) i0 ~. ?* ?) m, w/ _4 \- p0 Y 83. Lockout8 j0 R( N: Q- h+ i5 Y1 \% z/ B
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. y3 T( R4 N3 P# S2 _ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 R" t) W: \* ? u
$ ]; o& d; J: a2 cAction by Holders of Financial Resources2 H F( B E+ k' ]/ V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. k$ u6 _/ l% x! `: z 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 l! l- R |8 b2 k- J, g 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* q8 Y5 g5 @0 l" t+ a. e8 T 89. Severance of funds and credit5 y5 T6 X% I. K) M! M3 \8 ^
90. Revenue refusal! t, I& \8 L. k/ e7 |- I( {3 q. q
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 f9 E3 w H! x# m" G. z! m) n' \: d3 H i
Action by Governments
! t4 E X) G3 {, z; G0 ? 92. Domestic embargo5 m/ [. f7 f4 X9 ?" y3 b. M# d
93. Blacklisting of traders# _$ I+ L# Z. A9 X: _8 W/ D
94. International sellers’ embargo$ J$ m6 ~. n. y: o! s
95. International buyers’ embargo
$ k( S" y' S; @+ e 96. International trade embargo
* `2 k" [0 H2 k$ e. K. s: P3 N$ {% n( B. p5 e- x2 y4 g; Z1 f
& o( t/ n; G# `& k1 W/ T: X; J s. Y0 m! K- m
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
; }3 A) v- C/ Z9 Y9 N+ g8 C
- T4 Z X) z4 ~4 X! k: R
+ S! z$ Z) S1 m6 ~+ {! [% r! |3 @. VSymbolic Strikes4 N7 k6 r" M& o
97. Protest strike7 M/ o( V- `8 Y" r+ d: Y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! g7 \4 n; a+ [5 a& U6 x V+ C% [+ D
Agricultural Strikes
! L- g9 k- ^( U I, g 99. Peasant strike: j9 X# v4 k; ?5 D- j
100. Farm Workers’ strike
& x- a7 Y. L! P* [- t/ V' |3 X
1 Y( S+ O8 P1 X- TStrikes by Special Groups
$ R& F# }' ~7 Y1 k( C: A) Z5 _ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 j- K+ @; S4 P# y( Y6 R6 \ 102. Prisoners’ strike
, w3 `; |) {2 W# |! b' ?0 b 103. Craft strike
1 _: Q2 I& U9 B, m 104. Professional strike7 ~/ T6 w5 }: G/ h# J L! U1 Y
" S; J9 L/ [! H XOrdinary Industrial Strikes
) n5 x& @/ I. |& n! q 105. Establishment strike
, y! a! y! M, h0 ]* z. F+ c 106. Industry strike
) b' m6 F# m9 i 107. Sympathetic strike
7 ~/ x. }) J! J5 g4 _5 A! n6 R4 J9 }( Y! ~- S
Restricted Strikes
2 r: u1 \( H: A# [ 108. Detailed strike$ O4 [0 n! l4 F" Q; r, Q
109. Bumper strike
; I: T+ d: u5 a* T 110. Slowdown strike+ x. d% l: E5 M3 q5 `( |
111. Working-to-rule strike
' s2 o, l! h" R0 a8 _% } 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% [- Y# w u h$ C
113. Strike by resignation# T4 C; u2 j- ?: r$ s
114. Limited strike1 Z& |5 J/ M& K" N' h2 H9 |
115. Selective strike6 K4 e h1 ^. l# G' d
+ |( V$ B& ]9 l0 _2 k
Multi-Industry Strikes
& O9 o2 \; x$ F6 Q3 d
( U7 `! o- y! X* d3 C: I 116. Generalized strike! f) |6 ^$ A1 Y) ~, X& @' |6 [
% O/ L# n5 p* V$ J* Y
117. General strike
) Z$ c% B2 }- K! ?' K8 Y6 H3 T9 A9 A) @
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures, t& s' O* l3 Z; |* J- b
|2 w9 p' }9 z5 n- T6 @ 118. Hartal
P' o1 H; M2 t- q( l
6 L9 v9 x5 f; M) n0 n 119. Economic shutdown
& ` T, j5 w. u) s# s( m |4 [3 v' |
. l5 q3 ~9 {8 O8 v
4 x$ k6 L4 S' {THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, S% _+ N; f" {" j" p
- F* S& K- {- p) o6 v
) H8 V9 L9 B5 a2 z: s* k1 LRejection of Authority- e5 Z" c) P6 \; w
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; j6 [! V4 k0 M+ X2 C; [6 n 121. Refusal of public support$ o1 I" g M# |5 ^. }2 t, Y0 h
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 M2 N: _ r$ m7 ~6 i
u. f5 M( V" r: G
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 t2 O. ]7 T4 v 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' i% R) r& _3 l2 } 124. Boycott of elections
5 E! b* o- Z$ U8 x$ n 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 m6 G# }* v6 | 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; ^+ L1 G& @* c5 J 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 Q4 ~$ ^- g" R$ {# n+ R, Q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. {3 E# V; G9 g$ N* B. F9 ~
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: r6 k7 K& U$ @ L, D. ?5 S' X
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% @0 [" X6 I1 o8 D/ |3 H) r8 Z
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 l6 s- O: s* F0 e
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 N: \. a( P4 u1 f# |2 J, K& N
U, @% {4 y4 H; d
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' q) W1 T: Z" c9 A1 A) [. Y: E
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ i& E3 b' l4 P2 B. p 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ ]; Z# l; K1 v9 h5 A. n
135. Popular nonobedience8 t0 r; j' m# V. b5 C' o+ s n
136. Disguised disobedience
9 a; F- p: d$ |6 U1 B6 k. y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 P6 w$ L! Q' C! l
138. Sitdown
# }+ \* P6 z" i* o 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( \! ~' z) H% b3 |
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' G' n( c2 D) o5 M& A/ ^( L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" o; W0 u1 e$ |% f0 I$ m! T# F- a- Z0 L+ j% O
Action by Government Personnel
. B! w" N' c4 s- ?9 z$ M 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ z4 Z9 l6 h+ W 143. Blocking of lines of command and information" p6 i; i. g$ b; y8 G/ r
144. Stalling and obstruction
r+ D1 l1 U3 G4 I 145. General administrative noncooperation3 w% S2 k& S1 n
5 h( @7 V# o0 T' o7 G 146. Judicial noncooperation5 W1 i! T% q! I' E
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
a: c- t) N* q H6 @ 148. Mutiny
5 \; C9 u$ E/ vDomestic Governmental Action/ u4 W$ l2 s& x& Z* N! i
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, B$ \8 Y- `0 `' y) ] 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units6 F. G5 Q: g2 `
- s/ p% U+ R! V7 J" k; }2 S2 cInternational Governmental Action. t1 z2 ~! m" z- I
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 W, v7 j6 r0 y0 M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% r. y j4 ^1 G5 | c 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* [# `, a+ s G' G7 |9 u, e# v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 ?+ S; ?' a- W- W; R% `' T- c! ] 155. Withdrawal from international organizations: V5 @( B% M% R, f
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, h( c1 |* J5 {9 t O 157. Expulsion from international organizations
* L V$ H; B% `% N$ n9 ^6 k `, C, r4 n X- O
! W8 |8 H1 M3 E) j; E0 X; P2 y( w
, K- Q# n* h" ~5 X; s9 NTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 k7 @: S( n7 }: h7 o: I
0 r' ^8 p, b6 `2 J% m
% U7 t5 M" D- d0 {( tPsychological Intervention
5 `- u( k' ^2 I, E 158. Self-exposure to the elements) |; P- R: x1 G2 m) F+ H
159. The fast1 {4 Q5 C, H6 I. ~7 h- _- i
a) Fast of moral pressure
. L' f) t+ @- O3 S4 [8 l b) Hunger strike% W$ S1 e$ {' p5 Y
c) Satyagrahic fast
0 u7 b# |% \# {, }9 o: i. m+ } 160. Reverse trial
# C% p1 i, ?0 w. P; A 161. Nonviolent harassment! y& `0 q0 w$ I. J- p: X) `3 B
2 b0 P6 |5 I% N8 G" fPhysical Intervention
2 ^3 }; b! m* N8 u/ S7 P 162. Sit-in
& C3 k, g9 ~( T 163. Stand-in, [: X0 l) j3 h8 V, V: T# Z
164. Ride-in7 ~6 v8 Q5 S( i- `, m/ b5 g
165. Wade-in
6 g' C7 L/ U8 Z1 L 166. Mill-in
0 V/ B" i4 }0 J" E 167. Pray-in
0 j- J5 ^& g! Z; Z4 p' U) M6 W 168. Nonviolent raids q- [2 p5 v1 X9 Y* @
169. Nonviolent air raids+ y' d/ [* N; a8 L& q, g8 N
170. Nonviolent invasion- G0 }" |7 [3 _
171. Nonviolent interjection9 i4 ?1 B7 Y$ o
172. Nonviolent obstruction3 a0 D' m9 j! b7 u Y) w4 N
173. Nonviolent occupation) a: k3 U7 J6 A0 B# \. z
" u) y7 x2 y) P, b5 b' K5 k( X+ T9 O+ PSocial Intervention
) z z3 X+ d/ O2 ]. Y 174. Establishing new social patterns+ P; d) v. F+ F$ j; p7 R
175. Overloading of facilities" S: q; X0 N" B: V
176. Stall-in
1 p- R0 n- _9 Q* b* L9 f' [) o3 y3 W 177. Speak-in
z4 T# y7 x g5 k5 w 178. Guerrilla theater
' `% W2 p* G. ~0 q5 M8 k5 U! K# s# t 179. Alternative social institutions
' d! O T( w, S; V. }3 [* z! _* k8 T 180. Alternative communication system
( N9 y* } X2 d7 d
2 X2 E# R E1 @5 n9 ^Economic Intervention
* k$ E% t2 W' m: B" }! }' ~ 181. Reverse strike
: M' T4 ^/ ?: g* I1 A( ] 182. Stay-in strike+ o+ N6 {# V/ g [. y
183. Nonviolent land seizure P: k! V* t( W, H7 h
184. Defiance of blockades
( y; ^# D# s4 z# Q& i+ i 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 a$ M7 P$ L% n" z+ N+ N. S9 I# F 186. Preclusive purchasing$ z, k: a+ V$ m7 E( p" [
187. Seizure of assets
6 c T S: ~! ^, s) y ^" A 188. Dumping7 _; ~& R4 ^( Z. b5 T$ ?; J6 z. ^
189. Selective patronage5 P9 _; m* ~/ [+ m; t
190. Alternative markets
$ j6 x* W4 C ]* j" [+ D0 g 191. Alternative transportation systems
3 `- ~6 @8 A& g& A 192. Alternative economic institutions2 y: x; k# b4 \+ T% u5 ~; Z
" w8 y, \- X" _9 v3 {- a! }- h
Political Intervention
4 _: x; A! `6 s7 ]! D 193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 @, V$ ~; v$ x+ |6 L7 Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; ?8 @! C* G- r" w" n( V 195. Seeking imprisonment( m, u& F0 A- z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ Y( a$ u5 d( l
197. Work-on without collaboration2 y) B" S' N8 l0 @$ B" ]
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
