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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, k; r$ N' }- @1 F1 g( WFormal Statements. _& t& D7 R2 ~) t( t( }
1. Public Speeches
: Z3 `" e- g6 t: p& y* b 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ Y! Z- [ l/ b: Q9 [ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 u3 o4 G% r: X+ K0 I 4. Signed public statements
2 e7 E9 c+ O M5 ~/ x% n" l 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
; g. o/ ~- |/ N- J 6. Group or mass petitions
( }( s+ r; G# w6 J0 x0 S+ J1 z9 K1 e2 c9 `4 ~ V- t% |
Communications with a Wider Audience2 @3 b. s: ?( U4 x6 b
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* G- B+ |' |# E$ B7 ^9 F5 ]2 T4 v2 B- F 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% }* D4 V; f/ r& K 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ a- [7 G1 K5 }; H: J3 c2 I
10. Newspapers and journals
- s* \% X: _6 W9 @7 Z 11. Records, radio, and television/ Z, _* n4 C9 K3 h
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! K2 i$ b/ z! y* U6 g# B% X+ n+ P9 \
Group Representations, S# N/ ^% J2 q; a
13. Deputations' Q! ? b, H4 K, }3 f
14. Mock awards2 E, h0 |/ i: n o9 K( {
15. Group lobbying$ z( b/ }- o) N9 Y/ P# F& s
16. Picketing
+ H" P9 g. p+ T 17. Mock elections
! g7 ]5 L% p5 U* V' K! T+ u9 y' i& D! J+ m4 g
Symbolic Public Acts
( \% G7 ]8 i: @* p$ x 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! u/ h: E h$ p8 } 19. Wearing of symbols
+ ~/ }+ }+ A- r: I 20. Prayer and worship3 T! O8 ]! u# p' `3 L# L7 ~( M8 W
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ q! \( E( w4 k! R2 M
22. Protest disrobings* u7 w' F: K! r* J
23. Destruction of own property
5 [( O0 ^6 d3 X% c) D( ` 24. Symbolic lights
. H% J$ o% z$ m 25. Displays of portraits) ^$ P4 p6 y% W+ J% v3 v
26. Paint as protest
+ Q& f" y. W, j) Y: S* w7 F; ? 27. New signs and names& ?( _. Z3 r* l' K6 T
28. Symbolic sounds' Z8 g! d+ ]4 C: _
29. Symbolic reclamations
: G9 K9 W+ {1 t* E! _ 30. Rude gestures6 A$ w% ]9 Q- o0 N' b
. u3 e' u$ w% T/ F1 N1 LPressures on Individuals
! U1 P+ Q$ v! m0 H) |4 e) l9 p 31. “Haunting” officials" R9 W! l! N. i6 W
32. Taunting officials/ i/ [) |5 u& S! |( @; X
33. Fraternization
, P- A' j" [/ ~6 F 34. Vigils
. [# W2 x9 {8 W# z8 T! @( k% x4 ~, a
Drama and Music, ~( \$ n# L$ i2 q
35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 E8 [- x3 K" G/ h 36. Performances of plays and music7 d; O1 S7 B4 B0 l- `+ F1 }1 C/ D
37. Singing7 ~; ^; S, I5 P: {: V% b
( ^ `' i3 ~% v' sProcessions
& x; x2 o" }3 r5 N Z# o 38. Marches2 Q* V& _1 p O2 s
39. Parades. z* S9 U' u6 T! Z( |8 L9 b
40. Religious processions' o7 [9 ]( `" n. n; X
41. Pilgrimages* m- W3 k+ y1 M' J
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead1 j( v7 N8 O" ? Y" D8 i
43. Political mourning
F* i9 k& o7 y. h* |. Z 44. Mock funerals# j2 d: ]2 |+ N: C; L0 g
45. Demonstrative funerals: x7 Q( s) l& @. i# f0 }
46. Homage at burial places
2 a% I5 D# B; n8 p/ S6 W/ ^; g9 P5 R# {) s) ?0 X( G, x
Public Assemblies
" O% Q/ o9 a/ Y/ ]5 \ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 x$ x+ s, r3 v 48. Protest meetings
. Q/ m# v/ R, {* Y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 O4 |) U9 K; J" E
50. Teach-ins
4 D W, ^# A0 t5 W- z5 O" W
$ D2 h2 O& k) s7 ~Withdrawal and Renunciation" ?2 Y( a |; P( ]5 L5 i8 E) b
51. Walk-outs
( i0 ]/ i' v9 n8 A 52. Silence
" m5 z0 V; H0 B! h0 c 53. Renouncing honors- W: X3 G& h8 \2 y( p
54. Turning one’s back
+ s: m! B, k0 W( j; u! j9 d+ ]& b2 \* [% j+ O- `
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1 _) [% O5 P- a- d/ YTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 q; K2 a; E$ B5 C4 r- G. ]4 g2 `9 u& e1 y+ K
1 M2 @3 z$ p/ Y5 F) G' Y' _$ e6 e; G8 R8 L" H* L% ~8 d: N" t
Ostracism of Persons* S4 S: L/ D% f9 x' I6 Y
55. Social boycott
) s5 T' c2 i x' q 56. Selective social boycott
# w0 R; p. B$ m' W+ S: `) f& c, L9 q 57. Lysistratic nonaction
- ]! Y1 g9 j% m 58. Excommunication
' Y7 M [' W! X" K2 p: A 59. Interdict
8 c5 C( Y% u$ H7 T- K9 H$ p: j5 `3 m. N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# T5 r h" ]. e4 m/ M, [! e: q 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 Q' [) L/ i3 K7 Y( M5 Z0 |# S- R' Z+ b 61. Boycott of social affairs
5 q. D% l" i8 N* w U4 L 62. Student strike
4 s+ p5 a1 @" E# S0 @ 63. Social disobedience
6 P8 r0 H3 s: A+ S! l: c 64. Withdrawal from social institutions P/ v5 }8 Y+ F! N% V5 c
1 _* K9 N$ Q ~0 P: @: i! ?Withdrawal from the Social System+ q3 x5 H) v0 i, _
65. Stay-at-home: P4 r1 n$ a% N$ X6 K# z' [, Y8 j6 f
66. Total personal noncooperation+ X7 g- |2 x$ w6 W1 N
67. “Flight” of workers
& z7 |/ i- P# `8 w6 @. m 68. Sanctuary0 ]7 [" R' W7 u
69. Collective disappearance) W4 y, u) P- z! k7 o
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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8 H7 d7 [/ T9 g' _6 \: \( T% N# bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 ?6 d0 u3 ~; u- U' F- Y
/ E; P7 g+ q# Y4 ^7 e% i1 iActions by Consumers
* |% M( F% l. O8 n& [ 71. Consumers’ boycott
6 M. D1 n- `4 ~9 W h, N 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods$ ~2 |1 F, N: W q4 ~1 G: o
73. Policy of austerity- W; L: p' g! v1 t/ p7 g( f
74. Rent withholding4 A+ M$ e4 }9 z" ^
75. Refusal to rent
+ ~, `3 Y; E5 Q% T 76. National consumers’ boycott
9 w3 S$ N* g: d# e. s& _ 77. International consumers’ boycott
Z) o5 l( g5 A2 b
W# k% H+ p; O u; j( I- HAction by Workers and Producers" ~# q6 F3 y! S% Y
78. Workmen’s boycott
: u, I0 ~5 Z' c; f& c7 x 79. Producers’ boycott" H% t; Q4 Q: E$ O: B8 f! L( v+ s
1 i3 d% P5 V R3 p8 q( H
Action by Middlemen0 h# z B! h% h$ |* A/ U
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 }. |$ b( a0 o' X6 a" Y6 j
# l" Y3 R& h! B$ ^* A" `Action by Owners and Management
+ s% c9 L( V* s) c. K 81. Traders’ boycott& e: X* v) x0 U1 a
82. Refusal to let or sell property
; S# F; Z" `. }( f+ O- U5 @ 83. Lockout5 s r: |. }3 O j! P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, U: d- A" M. ~4 Q6 Y( {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 p5 ^6 A! W6 O" F
6 u" j: S- B. P/ q+ J3 HAction by Holders of Financial Resources& g2 i5 a' F) B% O2 a/ ]
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ |( d5 x7 }! ~% x' ?$ l; U( P 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; P% z* h7 W0 d; A, ~" }8 z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ ]# R( o" q( z- `9 k4 S% L4 n D# G. h
89. Severance of funds and credit$ H. A$ ]) R* Y! E; X% ]0 M( H6 z
90. Revenue refusal& n1 S/ M# a$ q, {
91. Refusal of a government’s money1 o$ {% L4 V& w2 }1 j5 j) _6 F
, p1 J3 m/ d1 m% ?
Action by Governments) R& W3 F( _: G1 ^8 D* X" m9 U
92. Domestic embargo
; _+ s7 K& g% x2 f$ B* Y( G; s 93. Blacklisting of traders& V6 h6 P' J7 a1 y u. \! _
94. International sellers’ embargo1 S) W& ^3 ~8 I h
95. International buyers’ embargo1 L. w' \& {* z. Z. s$ m m: G9 E
96. International trade embargo4 W8 m% t/ u& F$ G( n0 k* T- ?3 l
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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. l6 s& o+ d8 n$ f3 L & J, s) E2 T3 [! b3 e+ \
Symbolic Strikes
- g, K$ o9 @+ X& J% i6 _9 H 97. Protest strike
& z* F5 \5 ^) h 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ P) F) T) S3 T1 w$ e# y; a
& O% D- R( u, }' e9 m4 mAgricultural Strikes
, _5 m8 ?- n. X/ Y" W 99. Peasant strike
. M$ V) y1 }* _2 C0 I. {* U 100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ O8 R7 U" h" ?6 H! C5 Z- M3 N3 N2 p
Strikes by Special Groups
' b# T/ j) R: ?3 w! y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
' k5 V7 J8 @6 T+ \ 102. Prisoners’ strike
6 D+ q$ D! P6 K! b 103. Craft strike7 Y" f0 @, |6 S3 F
104. Professional strike0 B8 c/ k/ ~3 n. l4 c. g
7 E T% O' Z# b' D
Ordinary Industrial Strikes, n, r: S, U- q) s( H# f% Z. S( j
105. Establishment strike; q7 @( H' a8 W8 N$ E' O4 k
106. Industry strike
) L8 y+ V3 B0 n" i 107. Sympathetic strike
0 b3 [- |3 ]% z2 D
6 @* a6 b; F( e/ mRestricted Strikes# U7 w% _+ f4 k- Z$ i
108. Detailed strike& k9 D. X6 S: w4 h5 e. W8 x! k0 b" d
109. Bumper strike1 B. Y# y/ f* H7 T' U
110. Slowdown strike3 |6 x5 U5 {" S
111. Working-to-rule strike' D/ V! f% K. S! r
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) h7 O0 D; r0 L W# N+ R8 n2 T$ P 113. Strike by resignation& F' c% {( w. n+ F
114. Limited strike
$ M3 K8 u% q$ a' u3 H3 @ 115. Selective strike) }& K; `# \# |( b+ d9 o
: M1 ]% D2 A4 M2 \; j, }- R0 hMulti-Industry Strikes N0 @" a. `0 b2 g
n; s# u' d5 f: I7 ?
116. Generalized strike+ e: m3 G! V; ^5 y
" z. {0 }9 u9 f9 F. o 117. General strike$ E/ j% U- h8 o9 H0 e' f6 {( \' |
( c, A# t$ m T4 M% T& T$ h
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 q( J0 S4 U3 e1 K% p
/ k1 ~# o/ V: J) J& P 118. Hartal
" E. k; [( r0 V6 a s$ a
# x+ h5 t1 J* _ 119. Economic shutdown+ Q% B+ c2 v2 o% T
1 y2 W1 H0 J- z
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2 R x6 I# z6 U* M; f1 s2 B
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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0 x- r" w! i2 d3 URejection of Authority$ o9 O; ^# }6 L9 G+ P
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, f( T* x0 `7 |% W1 W
121. Refusal of public support4 E5 Z0 w( b* L+ y$ O$ w
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ J! D* H1 Y3 J6 H( m$ T0 E% R7 A h: @. h1 F j
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ {- l! m. v! D) |. x& z0 {) L0 s 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( |1 j0 L& [2 }( J% } 124. Boycott of elections+ g' w5 K) B+ M a/ P r& |% ~2 i
125. Boycott of government employment and positions7 {$ U/ k# e s1 y" A
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
S; k3 ?4 u; X3 C/ D7 z" Q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; A6 Z3 U' Y" g1 y$ u# O6 m' { 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& m' m" z; B# Q! f
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 B7 G; z8 Q6 g4 ]; k( O 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: Y$ Z5 P f e3 u: V& v
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- n3 Y& X7 k. X- Q/ c7 F& m 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ D8 R- A2 O |( A
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) r( t+ h: }# g) I2 U$ d; e- y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance! {+ g8 g8 J% G5 }
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; W% l# O, v5 }5 {' L, {* k* M/ A7 @ 135. Popular nonobedience
$ x( I* u- _( X' P* q 136. Disguised disobedience
% H6 a! M4 m# t8 w 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: ?% g* H3 l- c- s5 ?. f/ z) c, n 138. Sitdown4 [$ Z4 p2 c9 C9 J0 Y3 x& n9 h! ~
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( b6 l. Z. E* X4 G1 E1 F. k; s1 H 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 g: u- m" Y3 q2 g4 X
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' d4 A0 U& j( n' u1 k! u
}, u# q; q: d- J) [# I1 kAction by Government Personnel
% N6 _. m4 L2 P8 K+ j4 O1 M4 G6 f 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# c; y1 s8 P7 U- f' G 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& ]7 b$ }; q1 ] 144. Stalling and obstruction
4 J8 u2 t( |# U* G5 {8 A, v- G 145. General administrative noncooperation
4 u9 y* \$ X& e& v
5 k0 h8 M. c; |4 b3 ` 146. Judicial noncooperation" R" k. {. i6 c* E% f8 d8 r/ d
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& K' O- `( C' Q# X0 P% B 148. Mutiny
! o3 I4 p+ o; h4 y! i* s- XDomestic Governmental Action0 |" a/ Y% y! ?
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& g- J. \ s; o" j. b. U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 O) k0 X" _# e+ K2 C
2 s+ P; ?& q5 b* A
International Governmental Action" ~" z1 n- x. a1 @% L
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* C! h7 f/ ~7 P: ?6 w+ A
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% z# j) ?% z+ t8 n; P 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 \0 m2 {0 I. u7 t
154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 k. J" P8 D! m
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 T5 b! a8 C( n1 s 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 Z; s9 Z3 d0 `2 `) Q
157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 h# S* I: a N- M
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# [- w* d! j8 m) O% D. b- P& ]
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 r7 l8 k K7 i# I
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; c) R8 M! ]( j! p7 I8 o* zPsychological Intervention
R+ q; B/ P$ p) w% Y* Q) `& v 158. Self-exposure to the elements
- u7 p+ I+ M. W& c4 I( ~7 p! y 159. The fast
( ] a! l& Z) z) M. t7 H- D0 y. O a) Fast of moral pressure4 \4 E h E3 I& U
b) Hunger strike
9 S! R, S9 y: \+ e$ f8 h c) Satyagrahic fast/ b A% |' r8 g% T, f
160. Reverse trial6 C- x8 |; ] m" m. u9 s2 Y
161. Nonviolent harassment
; Z6 O( `0 x- C- a) B, e4 R' A& W
Physical Intervention) }3 S; M6 W0 _4 x( h% K8 @0 a; W
162. Sit-in
" b4 G- s1 |$ s 163. Stand-in
) k5 L* _3 `7 |" d7 K R 164. Ride-in* ~3 C) y( S% c* e& d9 k9 O6 G) G
165. Wade-in
9 o X5 Q6 V. o a* e; {! k 166. Mill-in
! ]7 p/ l% P2 c. T 167. Pray-in
; h& Y. Z5 Z" L, e 168. Nonviolent raids- Z! {7 k8 h1 L( C
169. Nonviolent air raids' x( t: p9 a2 l! T) ~
170. Nonviolent invasion9 W. W) {- i- l; E. @- u* k$ Z
171. Nonviolent interjection* L5 @: C# m- n# v$ J/ O
172. Nonviolent obstruction8 H8 T7 u/ U5 Q" I) T$ S: w( Z. Y
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention3 {: {/ e/ ^9 `4 g7 D% I( ^) e
174. Establishing new social patterns
/ `) r8 b' ^5 _6 m 175. Overloading of facilities9 N& J8 ]( D3 A3 t0 C" q
176. Stall-in: y$ N& l/ U, S3 a9 Z
177. Speak-in
; ?4 `! p* R- {. j% C 178. Guerrilla theater
4 `' k F0 n& R/ U$ E 179. Alternative social institutions1 V2 U; \" |* s4 f; E j
180. Alternative communication system
3 l# g% l7 m& B' z7 d# W v" [8 E7 H( H7 |
Economic Intervention( U$ l/ B$ T% _+ U5 t
181. Reverse strike
0 ^- V/ n$ L: Y# Z 182. Stay-in strike Z: s4 Y/ J' M
183. Nonviolent land seizure3 c+ z7 } _6 j* r9 P
184. Defiance of blockades
" g' K, u5 ]8 H* V 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- b/ p6 B J! p7 J( [, r& N% N
186. Preclusive purchasing9 H- E: B8 P! n3 ?% ~
187. Seizure of assets% A" i# a/ ^. s% x1 y( W
188. Dumping( ?" V. X L Y; _5 C
189. Selective patronage
: C0 v' w( K+ w+ e$ x4 ~& m 190. Alternative markets
* X& ^. J$ o% a& [5 B* L$ D 191. Alternative transportation systems
9 H. h( P& ^3 q+ k3 z2 G 192. Alternative economic institutions: f- ~" r: x: d E
7 f9 F6 I! U8 D* c9 Y2 j, S' XPolitical Intervention
7 F6 j( u/ E0 Z. L1 F7 l 193. Overloading of administrative systems
, X. `/ x: @* m, f/ }8 X, c7 b 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" R% \/ W/ S* L5 {% |
195. Seeking imprisonment* |( `; V- P# E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! g$ }& N/ f/ h# G& t 197. Work-on without collaboration/ c. g6 z4 Q8 j+ e4 N7 J: |! a
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) I- A& h( b/ {
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
