 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; D& t: _( ?, ~) K1 f8 r4 I" S9 h. EFormal Statements
& p2 L+ I$ W* a$ {0 P: k 1. Public Speeches
0 s1 \3 o+ i0 X4 d( U4 y# }! C 2. Letters of opposition or support
- @5 w6 O& J9 B9 i! y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions" a+ I0 L+ g9 M" i2 v" U8 I
4. Signed public statements
4 ?6 R D7 B: a: J$ U) m 5. Declarations of indictment and intention" f5 ?6 a5 `! K6 h j3 U
6. Group or mass petitions
. W, k# w! i/ `) A- p
+ M& [! v1 r: t) t) a! Q( N" dCommunications with a Wider Audience
) s. H: ~( ?" X S" U 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ A6 f4 C: @. |' [$ i5 | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. g2 @ o' }0 P& G
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' k, u/ @ l$ A. [* u
10. Newspapers and journals
5 `) w7 c% j) ~# G9 a# n 11. Records, radio, and television3 u! N' J# {# ~; {2 {
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
|& d. M7 `: k$ N* S' s+ o1 d; I+ I, X
Group Representations( a# T0 f4 O( L& v* N
13. Deputations
9 S# J4 q6 w" I& ?. O: g 14. Mock awards# u, t6 _8 s7 o. c+ f0 M& U! k5 I
15. Group lobbying. X7 Y/ E/ K' `7 k# C: j
16. Picketing0 p3 L8 f& u5 T5 c( i
17. Mock elections
) s% E; P% V# Z& y1 v; l9 O/ _& j6 F- C. L( p
Symbolic Public Acts
4 h9 |9 P: Y; l" r! r$ m( M7 A 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& J% ^8 m; T& {! l8 b5 B
19. Wearing of symbols) x7 l# X) N0 b8 p* R( T
20. Prayer and worship
% c7 |' X- D V! N* w 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" f! C U/ N( q8 K 22. Protest disrobings
5 n! Z: ~ J1 Y, ? 23. Destruction of own property2 ?5 V- A; ^8 A) x
24. Symbolic lights
) u u4 G0 e! E+ f! l+ m6 } 25. Displays of portraits1 k/ T: {* {/ b
26. Paint as protest; J/ n; d3 F# k0 \& \# f; W* |
27. New signs and names+ W2 G: [; K+ A6 D- y
28. Symbolic sounds! |4 T' G$ x4 A4 }% s9 L) e
29. Symbolic reclamations* `% e) A$ ~7 I
30. Rude gestures
# ^4 a! W4 J( W( |7 A5 r& k# B/ L1 E8 O N9 ]) ]
Pressures on Individuals7 E7 u8 m9 \' |: K: e- j) W7 W0 x- }' n
31. “Haunting” officials2 o, N- \! {5 t, j! z4 k
32. Taunting officials
4 l% j: g* ]7 W p 33. Fraternization7 D4 }' Z8 o4 T- T G2 k9 D
34. Vigils
7 m, r) {& U) F4 x2 s+ y
; ^* a+ m- h6 ~: @8 HDrama and Music
7 U" o) T2 U! }+ Y/ X) k1 m 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 s8 s1 P7 ~9 W9 D) h
36. Performances of plays and music
- B' y! R; H" } ^$ u! R 37. Singing
9 d" l9 x" O) o5 L5 g/ M u& @# r: z. U
Processions
1 C$ W3 m9 A* U+ O 38. Marches% G2 C1 g; ?0 h# S3 V# A( M
39. Parades
& y( S. D ?& D) }0 | 40. Religious processions
6 v7 n! D1 F+ ~$ l+ y: \3 f& Z 41. Pilgrimages
) H' `8 S5 h" P: m; J* B2 I 42. Motorcades
. C: u* G1 ^' L4 }, T* s6 @) C! ?6 X, }" d4 c# d4 S
Honoring the Dead( ]( g& g& D$ L2 d
43. Political mourning
% _( k7 z; \+ u5 E% H 44. Mock funerals
* _, d/ u+ N% }1 j: e+ X 45. Demonstrative funerals" S2 P4 G/ }7 }3 o, M% _& [
46. Homage at burial places* z: L0 N3 ?& r
! \3 s9 v6 W/ I V U# t5 JPublic Assemblies% R; `& i5 o8 |! x
47. Assemblies of protest or support
! M$ Z& S" t" w( O/ E$ j. y9 b 48. Protest meetings
6 ^$ d: a& c* I& s' y/ c 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 v9 }6 p1 t% @3 T 50. Teach-ins, l5 e& ^, }2 ?
. d! f \% b# a0 [9 Y. YWithdrawal and Renunciation. E+ O* I! s2 U u$ o
51. Walk-outs
; j0 u* N9 x+ Z/ q 52. Silence
8 e* p- j1 x+ l* W) D 53. Renouncing honors
2 v: |( j& m3 @- d& T 54. Turning one’s back
- |0 T* O" ]2 M# U4 W9 \3 }7 M7 m; B. l, s
* ]$ y: Q- W3 _+ A) c3 ~( T# a
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- }: G+ I) S. n& \8 D
& J* F& R8 h( `' G6 l
7 p+ F8 n: q- n# z/ V3 b' ?2 z
# S1 C; R+ w1 M& u, q: LOstracism of Persons; t4 l( g2 e4 \! U7 |: T: I1 t
55. Social boycott: a. Q8 q2 ~. S7 T
56. Selective social boycott& a" N3 Z/ B: M8 P
57. Lysistratic nonaction
- f% l0 d' C8 F8 K' K$ }2 \; B# i 58. Excommunication- ^3 l3 `) O5 `* W" h
59. Interdict
! @' k. ?6 J" x
6 ~2 X; g& C2 C+ }% k$ F0 hNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 a5 r \$ K1 O1 d6 w 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 ]; G' ?) R* h; G 61. Boycott of social affairs, o! S$ Q2 W- j# Q6 j( o
62. Student strike4 {# j% \4 {6 C1 g& ]
63. Social disobedience
5 J7 G( x5 l$ g0 D; G4 F6 } 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% v* S Q3 G: I) R i( L0 H. v$ b$ S! C1 F1 b, W- } o/ j, ~
Withdrawal from the Social System+ ^/ V" N6 N! d# |$ a
65. Stay-at-home$ H6 R( Z" U3 |2 ^: m- e
66. Total personal noncooperation
8 J+ {+ {8 S2 r# [1 p 67. “Flight” of workers$ z4 i8 t0 u1 o9 T5 l
68. Sanctuary
1 y$ ?7 F. Q3 L. A) o( k$ x 69. Collective disappearance
: N; w+ j x$ \( h4 x$ y9 d 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 g8 M( O9 [7 u% L7 {; L8 G
4 v- G2 M0 ]+ Q& D: S; p% _
; _- L$ S e$ u9 U- X
0 m3 {; K$ m& h' G3 y2 L" zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
, z7 Y# f# B. T, a! d4 q8 g6 A( h. V9 h8 y$ ]$ f7 z- t9 j) k
3 i( ^: O8 F! n) p/ s" z" YActions by Consumers2 p0 k% l9 ]7 f: E
71. Consumers’ boycott
% }4 T0 A0 n& b: z% r$ ~ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods$ A% S* D/ k5 B4 a% L4 ?+ m3 d
73. Policy of austerity4 w) V; I6 {& \' L" z$ s) U; W" M M
74. Rent withholding
8 \( W1 h9 v; R. ]8 X% E 75. Refusal to rent
. @. q' U' w9 t; A; T+ ]! E* g; I 76. National consumers’ boycott
! B. p. O9 j" I: p 77. International consumers’ boycott+ j6 N: X0 M# k1 m( j
0 l$ `' M4 G4 Q6 D) W# [$ ^! B. g
Action by Workers and Producers1 u; G5 C* x8 z# k
78. Workmen’s boycott; H- |2 r1 d( K+ D/ T) Z: p
79. Producers’ boycott
7 k3 U+ x {/ o% L: |6 D9 d* ?2 V4 Q- z! g# q
Action by Middlemen& c+ {( J% c& m6 O* g) w' [. G0 m
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ W/ Z" {& i0 X' v) H) w, h
6 m) c7 h# B* J& I, G' ~Action by Owners and Management
( F: L6 z+ F4 d$ L2 K 81. Traders’ boycott
, T6 y( D9 g1 C1 Q- ~; S5 `! } 82. Refusal to let or sell property
* e# h. ^* V# q3 n 83. Lockout
7 Z) x! `) [- V& {- } 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 F1 V5 g6 q8 j% Y9 o$ O. v 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 Y+ m! a7 [( i- w) z* [) M" N8 f& N, L
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; q( q" P) O2 `, r' s2 i" I- G" a 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' m' @" F; \1 j3 T' d 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, x* V6 U8 n' f$ @( ?" S 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ [/ @; U5 ^, l0 y- i/ J 89. Severance of funds and credit
5 ?; T, z! t& h) d4 D 90. Revenue refusal5 b7 R+ t: H, N
91. Refusal of a government’s money- H8 a+ D7 g4 q; H
$ G1 ~( }, P/ oAction by Governments) _+ _" C! p2 a: c3 [% A
92. Domestic embargo, O& a. L1 d9 m
93. Blacklisting of traders
/ ~, d, I% Q& O: L/ o* h- ^2 ] 94. International sellers’ embargo
* R# Y; Z: V% W 95. International buyers’ embargo
" H6 z" [- A. e7 g5 ~ 96. International trade embargo* v9 A) _, d8 c$ K5 }& Y- m
* H& l& Q+ c1 @/ f3 d5 J, O8 _7 {% j % @7 w6 \* U) J, ~! Y
" x- e8 a1 r" R W: r1 pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ \& y: g J, e3 b3 Q, [
! G+ U2 x9 d6 h! W% x- D2 i$ A' y4 J
4 Z/ L3 V& D6 C1 W$ l0 o" LSymbolic Strikes
/ n% L) C- n) Q% o( R! D# i3 ]9 ^* k 97. Protest strike
4 Z/ K9 z) y! `! k8 K, I 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: N m! j7 p( J- Y; F. \; p8 J
3 y! R! g% `, b+ L! P4 KAgricultural Strikes) m: L( t g1 H! J& L
99. Peasant strike
4 ~( x8 {! R; @ D 100. Farm Workers’ strike! J# R: G- g4 ^, n7 {+ A
3 e# m6 G; d- f/ @' b; kStrikes by Special Groups$ F1 @5 ]' w) X+ `; }( J! p
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ f' c7 G8 {& D% m: n 102. Prisoners’ strike' g e/ f2 N; @( E6 W
103. Craft strike1 [) C7 Y8 |- a1 a" M
104. Professional strike
! X" w; X4 X1 j5 k9 }" e
- z: p, C4 e2 X& t0 yOrdinary Industrial Strikes
- J9 s* }& G" {/ m, l 105. Establishment strike
8 D! p! g( k$ J% p 106. Industry strike, C4 |% N' c( x; h; H
107. Sympathetic strike
& m' L! I0 { B
3 \) U; V: D, i3 D" ZRestricted Strikes
! J# A4 W u7 [2 d 108. Detailed strike% ~% \" ^6 ~' H6 G/ v. o
109. Bumper strike1 }8 i6 Y4 L* |) F" B; i
110. Slowdown strike4 V" Z: F+ r+ i: X
111. Working-to-rule strike
) ^: g: o8 N3 G5 U8 X 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) D6 u# X( R% \# W @7 E
113. Strike by resignation0 w9 f* s/ i- n$ A7 _
114. Limited strike/ {2 N- u1 c6 `2 j, s- P0 X, K* l# e
115. Selective strike
* Y) X0 t! L) H9 \- W: J- U8 f' J) b+ }& l; A! D
Multi-Industry Strikes
9 ^! C, V/ A" W t& i( n* _. U
& q$ r7 `5 x$ R2 H) P 116. Generalized strike
5 V, y. M: ?4 i( H
- S& K6 K* E8 X# y/ y 117. General strike, H8 v( h9 z6 |& _+ v- E
- O! m E& a. g9 Q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& a; Y2 Q; E! D. | y3 m% G0 d" ^) ?6 k+ S$ Q0 q( ^6 D+ X) w+ G
118. Hartal: d. t5 y4 b0 n9 a
% `* C, f K4 x l+ j0 f 119. Economic shutdown
5 j; M* t0 h2 k9 {$ r; D( Q' X; O3 |
+ P3 \9 _, {! t+ S2 V n
* R% d; s. R& s1 X# U- ]/ m nTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION3 ]# v2 V" T6 }' a+ m
, X3 R& h2 l) | ( r8 u3 _* Q7 f
Rejection of Authority/ k4 v6 C" }5 A& H r, J3 O
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 \; H: s9 B! r% e; y" ` 121. Refusal of public support
3 i+ {5 L. T" W 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ o" k* [, I9 e6 W% x
E7 t7 D. m, I" lCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 H7 Z- K. g0 x. c* ?# z8 a
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ Q) b; V! o0 _$ |6 R 124. Boycott of elections
' p8 ]: s% P* j& \. f$ a 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 u5 C; @1 `+ l' E
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; ]# _& \/ k5 y1 T
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 W8 X! J* p. c) k2 j, b
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( ~& \, K# f: h* \# I' n# @8 E$ e
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 ?4 F7 t1 o& Y2 O
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ I8 N% A2 h/ Z7 C/ E6 O
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- m; }5 `5 n' j+ h! Y; N9 j) r/ @
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- k' [' N2 w3 T" j& b
: o- r) f0 K) E% y/ j! [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* K. \' s9 H& t; X( f
133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 F6 {$ t9 v' m
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# R/ |1 x& x5 W" Y4 z% ]9 h. A
135. Popular nonobedience
! E1 \( c8 C" t5 | 136. Disguised disobedience
( ]( m3 C6 e2 i$ P 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; a( e/ \" P9 A4 {5 P. V 138. Sitdown+ j" @. M* v' k
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( U4 G2 m% G3 b/ u 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, `5 V" C8 X4 x: j: C0 r7 G# U 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 }+ H1 b( j- U. w3 N
! W: P& l+ {' u' M: zAction by Government Personnel$ i$ [# c2 h: r% p C4 A( N
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 W, @( u7 [& z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* E2 d, w( I2 ]+ P& {& H1 F' J 144. Stalling and obstruction
$ W" C. c4 O3 e 145. General administrative noncooperation3 ~- S! D% P$ m6 l( @
S+ `, g) u* ^8 G4 ~; {1 m
146. Judicial noncooperation
1 r; I7 r3 Y2 T5 b( I- ] 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, d$ o- p; T2 i; E9 ~
148. Mutiny
; U4 D' }- X! a/ A1 [- yDomestic Governmental Action" ^/ { e: Q: s- a3 e# v
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, g2 @7 Y. E8 a! c/ J- x 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( _* s* |2 O' v; ^% D! q3 @% }% b. `, H2 s7 Y$ y
International Governmental Action4 o) S4 } F2 m3 m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" |9 J' n: o& Y( Y$ O- C
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 d% X+ K7 s2 W 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ @* V$ N0 ?+ Y+ B7 y( b 154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 D2 a7 {# o- \
155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 N2 p$ {1 C% C
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 E8 O6 g( i2 n% f* b+ R1 b" b
157. Expulsion from international organizations
1 |" X# t' O( l5 \5 N4 E" }' }. T4 |$ U: g
' ^# }. w4 @# {$ Y
4 y# b" j, L. C: q' J- i( Y( cTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. |; o& x/ v% a) ?% T4 }3 h7 u
1 d5 w0 [6 P1 v9 c
( M. d! F' I5 s2 q! uPsychological Intervention3 n7 c/ p; f7 X# ]; H7 x( N
158. Self-exposure to the elements, u, Q) ^; j# m* O6 [
159. The fast0 v: d# A# z' ?, u9 ]9 Z
a) Fast of moral pressure/ \2 e0 I1 l/ [
b) Hunger strike# O5 I5 I6 f0 ~$ f$ g
c) Satyagrahic fast
* x& |: m8 v3 C, E" n 160. Reverse trial, \& t: @& @8 i% j
161. Nonviolent harassment
L4 a v+ D1 q+ R; M- ^
/ y0 M$ n* P6 i" w* C& I4 DPhysical Intervention7 @8 H; j8 e! j' j; C
162. Sit-in; W& f5 `; P2 a+ u5 @& D% y) m
163. Stand-in3 d! F& \5 K, `
164. Ride-in: E5 u- o) j$ N: G* \
165. Wade-in8 z) Z6 c, S: D7 g4 r
166. Mill-in
( t6 |% @) G! _- l% f 167. Pray-in
7 ^; e) a! E, A 168. Nonviolent raids( Z4 _/ D' u9 i2 i* m8 v, m
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 c' G" S @. ~8 z- k* J0 ^" N8 [ 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 `- Q7 e0 _. r5 Z. k 171. Nonviolent interjection* S7 ~( E: w6 d' c0 B; p2 ?5 S
172. Nonviolent obstruction' ^ `2 s. W- `6 g
173. Nonviolent occupation
& N' U1 Y+ v4 X# Z
* x* f) `: V( z! Y/ OSocial Intervention+ n5 O2 `: ?0 Z j5 m' _8 e
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 h" o9 H2 ]/ F3 y7 Q 175. Overloading of facilities
' `6 ?4 X. z" r' m7 E$ Y$ b& A 176. Stall-in
3 ^9 i$ ?& \; Y! @ 177. Speak-in
* C% {* P$ G2 n' u, I 178. Guerrilla theater2 T+ Y$ ?7 u+ i- q) n, s
179. Alternative social institutions3 B2 D& }6 \1 Q% H5 {# k3 }: Z
180. Alternative communication system
/ d, ^. c l3 B! i# t. o7 H3 r) Z. J7 |6 g" l8 x, k
Economic Intervention
0 u% W+ H- k+ D7 j 181. Reverse strike
/ t4 a* z% y8 e% g, [8 t# N# I: X 182. Stay-in strike2 t8 w) [" p. v2 ]( \+ W
183. Nonviolent land seizure3 z- i: u7 W! a) Y
184. Defiance of blockades
+ C# _- c7 U8 V 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& Y; D1 G. e7 I( a( J# w/ `
186. Preclusive purchasing
, n0 T6 s5 r" A6 s5 U. p4 e 187. Seizure of assets
5 ?" @4 _- y3 E/ _4 o 188. Dumping b, V# y8 o6 n8 q/ s6 h
189. Selective patronage
: s$ J/ U; r# m* m5 k 190. Alternative markets( Q; w- _3 A# ^7 p$ j0 k1 D- r: u# Z a
191. Alternative transportation systems
! c ^$ M: E# [( Q" m" Z1 O 192. Alternative economic institutions
] L6 X% W, z9 p9 A4 v0 P' F0 F7 a% Z: G8 x9 N
Political Intervention
" M+ |, S; x0 x3 q" x9 Z2 N3 O 193. Overloading of administrative systems# g0 K/ k$ }" t6 Y& u: Z4 D
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; c$ @+ R3 e' h 195. Seeking imprisonment) f0 [0 `3 o) _; s$ g
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 e0 [- H' Z6 j
197. Work-on without collaboration
9 ?& B9 Y8 h; y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; t0 q% B, D8 r2 i
8 z8 ?9 T' B' X) t
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
