 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" b5 q* v' Z& K0 s2 |4 @# JFormal Statements% e! j/ u5 F# W k( ?# G q. `
1. Public Speeches% R" x1 S( X- o
2. Letters of opposition or support: ~1 z& R& t+ n+ \
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' J( W. r' Z0 n% | S L* ^
4. Signed public statements
; H! |( e; {" y5 o1 [1 Y: T 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
; Z Q) B& K+ z6 O 6. Group or mass petitions2 H2 Y5 W1 ~8 `
6 K% |, k1 y6 {9 j' Y' zCommunications with a Wider Audience
1 l- d V! c* J4 a4 s2 Y. ] 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 m" A& g- @" a% u& E, u
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 X7 K W) W T- R0 z5 g3 ?+ F 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! o$ ], ?) T3 u o7 ~
10. Newspapers and journals
& F- y M% i5 K0 K6 P- I# f 11. Records, radio, and television
$ K+ | }' X" ] 12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ e9 y; L( ~. M2 \' Z, l# d% t
$ V! A5 E. v" M# s' B
Group Representations, y2 l! l& @1 `7 A+ ^- \5 X
13. Deputations4 J; g- Y. N7 p$ ~6 P* V3 N
14. Mock awards1 g7 O* \7 C' s7 u/ b* [9 h/ n
15. Group lobbying) ]( g# X3 J* V/ J6 i0 ? v
16. Picketing! f* v n$ }# r9 ?( G$ ^& W
17. Mock elections$ p' O& o6 z Z* J
0 V/ g. O" w P' o
Symbolic Public Acts
3 W; e; B1 a) l8 ?( e/ p 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# w7 i7 P6 V8 ]) n. G) }! x
19. Wearing of symbols
4 K, n9 [; ^/ ^- }' v6 b; w# @ 20. Prayer and worship( p2 i) i% K' j# `0 |* N
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 A3 c c' y" q" n" g& s @ 22. Protest disrobings
+ D0 M# J9 b9 j$ r9 n- ?3 v 23. Destruction of own property
* @+ u" P* V, p S# E 24. Symbolic lights1 c( h. N# E$ `
25. Displays of portraits( \1 G" Q! v2 r$ j& m# s* I" X# o
26. Paint as protest& G7 o" W) w, ?
27. New signs and names- _! D4 o3 V. e: ] M
28. Symbolic sounds3 m B. [; O* I6 k* h O6 C
29. Symbolic reclamations
, o, c+ q4 _4 _6 Q" ] 30. Rude gestures
9 [! h/ m1 [9 u9 a( V& x! B' A
; e& [2 a3 S6 l0 yPressures on Individuals8 }/ F" D C+ S. a& Q4 k: S/ t5 d
31. “Haunting” officials6 m/ S- x% t+ |/ h6 M
32. Taunting officials
! d0 Y( B* ~2 F8 _) ? 33. Fraternization2 o$ A9 f% m. g+ B E
34. Vigils4 v$ v, q, I1 V9 k# L
3 y8 X5 ]% R3 g) K, B# N* C, O2 BDrama and Music- o$ X L6 z& A- t9 w; I8 `
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ }: J9 g& j, V2 h9 k( k
36. Performances of plays and music% m; e9 j3 ^& `
37. Singing& ?8 y3 F m# ]% J1 h7 h
, y! Q- F/ k* v* |) J9 K2 MProcessions
+ B* f6 ?, J) [; Q/ v 38. Marches3 i# s* f' w! M4 |
39. Parades
' i x; y8 J, ?2 _ 40. Religious processions4 P3 ? c9 E( p0 O# @4 l
41. Pilgrimages3 e' K5 i. q* n
42. Motorcades2 E/ {; {/ O H% z
* _8 Z' a( w* k( h- I) v) l9 R1 S
Honoring the Dead
2 N6 \$ u( D9 y) Y$ O% [- G 43. Political mourning
& A. n3 y5 P- ?4 e9 I 44. Mock funerals. u: y* j. N( H; r; G
45. Demonstrative funerals
- B `$ P( ~; e* \+ w 46. Homage at burial places
7 @( `% B9 `! ?7 p' ?& y% a3 g# g. f1 F* C! U) j! E0 _/ N/ Z
Public Assemblies
& R) Z, ^; K9 m# |( |. S$ I0 b2 @ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
! ?' ]7 j+ D2 W+ [) U 48. Protest meetings2 |, H3 i8 y7 N4 ~
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" x5 m6 e# a+ q X) {% ]+ g
50. Teach-ins
) r1 ^$ A/ r; A7 F9 }/ b
8 F6 V3 ?' Q w! q: r% uWithdrawal and Renunciation+ a' m1 `6 m# F* b) @
51. Walk-outs
2 Y% e9 L4 s; W7 \4 W 52. Silence# h* s+ v3 I5 K: t8 l
53. Renouncing honors
* H" Z3 p( D5 J# ` 54. Turning one’s back
3 `0 b; @8 ]7 q7 H j5 D2 q$ Q$ k" B+ O% d1 @+ `! j
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, @9 \. k X1 P' p5 ?1 j! p% yTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ [" X2 I% F0 G9 v+ R. |" I
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Ostracism of Persons
" t) \- K' l) V9 A 55. Social boycott
6 L+ o/ U% E* t! I 56. Selective social boycott: b; ^) G- L( @
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 T% ~" S. `7 ^ 58. Excommunication+ ?" P/ T. } a: y
59. Interdict
5 T2 A2 G9 l$ t. z3 |4 h2 [' ?8 n/ u3 d, N5 ~
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions* V9 K# z( i4 O/ R e% Q9 X* m1 C
60. Suspension of social and sports activities" Y" @+ S6 {8 A# o" J- N1 ^
61. Boycott of social affairs) Y8 a- W) Z1 E9 j
62. Student strike
" Q- D/ O( ~ U1 f 63. Social disobedience
* R2 ]4 [/ v4 E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! w& i6 T# T4 M2 q2 |, C3 n
1 u% z6 @; N! v3 x0 R5 UWithdrawal from the Social System
1 u1 X/ X0 v/ @ 65. Stay-at-home3 ]( n" e6 H3 m1 E' g
66. Total personal noncooperation
7 C( H- F- i# ^$ L; h: U 67. “Flight” of workers
+ L3 ^, U3 V# i6 s9 X; G 68. Sanctuary' `- n6 y& c5 V Y
69. Collective disappearance
; g5 u; F; U" D3 J& d5 O 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 ^5 i5 U6 r" q( Z9 {
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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6 \# {6 L% c2 K( ?/ T% f4 d% i4 w' G ! s' S3 d0 z7 C& o0 ~3 \* x* U5 @
Actions by Consumers
; T5 a* J9 I: r! U" Z) P 71. Consumers’ boycott6 S. J: X# W6 c* x! \; f
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 K: P. A/ s l8 A8 g+ e% W 73. Policy of austerity; n% y$ j [- E$ `! d, l2 O) ~$ I
74. Rent withholding
2 y6 c. j9 k p6 E' ], { 75. Refusal to rent5 V% M p. C; O" B$ n: x* l4 s
76. National consumers’ boycott
; [9 H* }! H4 n4 R/ ~( Q1 Z b 77. International consumers’ boycott8 | |8 w7 w1 x* f
& y5 B4 h9 {8 [7 B
Action by Workers and Producers
' h9 Z% Z( e4 H1 ^: R5 S8 w) y 78. Workmen’s boycott8 i, n' r9 R$ K+ u2 @. b8 b$ `6 ?7 k
79. Producers’ boycott, H4 C8 y3 T0 y: i: r, H, Z
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Action by Middlemen7 a1 k: f& }3 P, z( F) O6 u4 t
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
" V- L) h( i+ W- L# o+ m 81. Traders’ boycott
; `% z3 g2 j4 ^/ D 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 F. D- G4 p! l/ A- [! W 83. Lockout
" `2 B0 X: \4 A+ a( G 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
s( @2 J' b* s/ _. n, i 85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 z6 j6 |2 a, l+ ?( b; Y& m
2 q. C$ N, m4 g* V' O0 f+ _Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 x/ S% p9 b2 e J) N2 L
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% X; Q$ S3 B8 s& f% k 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' W. z& i( }; q' {) P3 Y6 l( g 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
8 l# d+ C3 Q" ?- U/ D 89. Severance of funds and credit4 `; o( q) O9 C Q4 x
90. Revenue refusal- `( i4 s c, g: X
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 K0 ^4 @7 E5 @
* I" F9 o7 o; v; ~4 x* y- K: VAction by Governments0 @5 L) E: v. [; E C
92. Domestic embargo
8 ~8 X/ r! b+ M2 L, O 93. Blacklisting of traders
# q. a4 ^' @) J6 z, y* Y) v 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 s1 w9 g# M; R: g 95. International buyers’ embargo
" ?+ I5 Q$ Y) S! s" _ 96. International trade embargo/ ?8 r5 y% v2 I
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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! t5 N! |: R; m9 d2 gSymbolic Strikes! a1 W6 x' \# ], e3 z. p
97. Protest strike
* D! b% ^; ~9 h2 d/ F0 W* E 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 U! r1 i% ?; X1 y0 t0 R0 w
2 p( W$ X- D" |: W! P- E( [9 xAgricultural Strikes
! [6 _# G6 ], l 99. Peasant strike
y4 ^$ u9 I5 n1 H/ I0 q3 x 100. Farm Workers’ strike$ @& I$ K5 S U+ ]" x
; l$ ?+ K( z) eStrikes by Special Groups1 D( d, J' I$ r7 q' D
101. Refusal of impressed labor
* A3 q6 L; r3 M0 N# f* @# c 102. Prisoners’ strike# M1 L, `/ v9 a2 a
103. Craft strike. {) w$ N# s4 e
104. Professional strike r: [: d' l7 w1 j ?
6 s1 N, R( [+ R& k2 L% K* _
Ordinary Industrial Strikes( z" I3 J5 ?. j
105. Establishment strike6 w, B8 ^% W- m3 X8 ?
106. Industry strike! r& p9 g- d/ W# B2 z6 w, E& x8 m
107. Sympathetic strike
" Z9 `2 g: M& t, L% [; T& T- k) c: ^* \ u& c% W' X
Restricted Strikes5 q$ L4 h- i7 ~" H
108. Detailed strike0 y+ V' K/ |6 p4 i2 s" R: [3 r
109. Bumper strike
8 V, @6 ~$ s i, s 110. Slowdown strike
2 ]1 j s% r( j ?1 }% l/ q' g 111. Working-to-rule strike$ i: [- d2 A) G+ s- b) k
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 Z2 D; A9 S2 n7 U" {
113. Strike by resignation
, w) Y) ]9 s4 b5 z+ y 114. Limited strike w) \/ k/ H- B. s/ e
115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
4 X4 c# Z; v1 |5 e3 D# L* B" R$ b' `: D9 V6 W4 v" M3 K
116. Generalized strike9 F. F z% ?8 L9 q+ i
$ [1 n) s% v- e: L# p5 z
117. General strike- P4 Z1 ~' t) Z& x5 c7 |
6 ~9 Y) d+ c& I: U9 G- ?3 {Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; M4 B M/ i- m, z5 l7 f: `" A
! y) G. O& u' ^7 ]5 {" a
118. Hartal9 G9 \1 L q8 _" T/ f; C2 y
2 F7 C0 B9 H8 ?- E: l$ o" d
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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' c5 }+ r6 u$ w; r; U eRejection of Authority
( B3 X! W- S5 Y; X 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% M n! x. _! s9 _ 121. Refusal of public support' n( u$ w& Y9 Z+ {$ |9 }
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ u v/ G# r7 x! ?, V1 @2 x
% U7 X- n+ Y. y, k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' J& q/ A% W0 [1 d- ^5 V; j5 F 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: z; J j5 q$ h7 H# j
124. Boycott of elections
9 X* x! P9 H/ u6 g' ?% s! b: B 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* p# K: ^% W$ M( f% x 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 d" g/ O4 b# S) U! C 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* ]+ `3 q- j: I P4 P
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# D' o3 j( H" S6 l; v 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 b5 C( X/ e. k, j1 Q8 ^. j. c' c 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks+ D5 N' A7 i6 K- q7 N$ V
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
`4 H7 {+ y1 W( Q* d3 y$ H, g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 N2 q4 c) s/ o
1 z2 M4 v4 }3 N8 B5 s6 f; fCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 O1 H. s9 l2 y, C+ y8 e) v 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 v& ?9 [! R- o5 W2 b# v! }1 v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. ]5 k4 f6 h. ?, t/ n 135. Popular nonobedience, g, }" y5 o+ i- e2 f
136. Disguised disobedience
4 L3 Z; w8 F$ W* U0 N2 O- k) } 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 T" ~$ |' E4 W& _; }( g* V5 b
138. Sitdown5 S" }! S3 U5 S) ]
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ D+ g H- Z- R( _& @0 U9 x6 x 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" e6 C& c2 v# t3 v& ` 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel
. D7 M0 ]) M% [. k/ C7 s# N 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 D' C- _4 B# d; W8 E5 }3 Z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( g1 |4 k: d- N) ^
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 m2 l1 |3 X: { S 145. General administrative noncooperation0 c6 i; @4 O0 A
- k0 G2 a- Z; l. a0 W9 W8 c/ z+ D
146. Judicial noncooperation/ h/ V6 Z3 [* ] ~# B
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 U* |% T$ w u& L! q: {- s F
148. Mutiny# `' y/ c- T; G2 j2 m
Domestic Governmental Action+ Z0 Q: S! n* u$ i3 Q1 B! J5 Y3 f, D
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, G/ X9 Z; w. E2 U
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 Z! q: D/ i1 g; [) E( C
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International Governmental Action( l1 ^3 ~* y& a* o9 ?2 [
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! O% r- f2 N# J! B" t$ P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# |% Y, q" A/ C6 d3 o& x5 j+ R- _ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* \, b9 r( g0 Y) u* C" i, L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 \3 C0 Z* \4 ?( W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ d9 S& M6 u0 L# `+ a5 c; _7 N
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* ~8 \5 L- Z* Z* h. h* l6 ?
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' r0 w9 ?5 }& n+ } ^
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Psychological Intervention. a1 L- s9 d! ^4 `# E/ m# H4 D
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 b3 R; q! l8 D/ `' V 159. The fast2 F1 }; t0 t W ?& {3 z: a" z9 ~8 E
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 s3 i y" M- ?7 D b) Hunger strike8 p8 P: ?1 t( l% ^6 u4 e3 J: ]
c) Satyagrahic fast
* m- }. S4 e5 K% O 160. Reverse trial" Q4 H1 B5 O) O4 G0 W7 n
161. Nonviolent harassment
2 F( J2 y6 ~# N9 k/ w4 p6 C/ k% |3 a: u: R! f& \) W
Physical Intervention& h; w8 q4 |4 {1 S7 G; n2 j1 r# p y
162. Sit-in
9 J# e! U; Z7 M2 L 163. Stand-in
" H( ]6 s* A* j0 K 164. Ride-in% J, w$ n8 Z; B3 L( |% B
165. Wade-in& r, \! Q& O* c, Y% D
166. Mill-in
9 H0 c5 p( l/ s5 q" v) H' J 167. Pray-in
4 q- F' a2 R3 l2 |+ ^& b* N 168. Nonviolent raids
2 L' K( {5 ~+ q& x8 C& }0 n3 } 169. Nonviolent air raids- q( i2 B( V- e+ C5 u, c0 q
170. Nonviolent invasion
" `+ A3 F; [* K* u2 Z 171. Nonviolent interjection
6 s1 J7 @ R K& G. ` 172. Nonviolent obstruction5 g0 d' R* }( `+ K3 s: |4 r
173. Nonviolent occupation# h9 ^% @( `* d- d
' M6 h4 n U3 g+ d! OSocial Intervention
/ k/ J$ T! H$ \" p% w. N7 `; N 174. Establishing new social patterns+ Y4 A/ i/ ]. X
175. Overloading of facilities
: A& u8 _7 z V. K# D 176. Stall-in
# V4 |1 c" l# W z, a; `! ~ 177. Speak-in' S$ l/ r# M' V% j1 c9 w8 K/ Z; g
178. Guerrilla theater9 I4 m; V: c1 N1 Z5 d
179. Alternative social institutions* G- t3 z+ \8 |% q
180. Alternative communication system
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# w; x/ T3 u( F2 s8 a- {- iEconomic Intervention( t" ]1 t0 A G+ a) ]9 |: S, ]( a
181. Reverse strike- J% T0 e5 n9 N. c4 I
182. Stay-in strike
. K8 d0 j# u! n' Q5 D# B 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 L$ l/ \/ T# x$ X
184. Defiance of blockades
7 v. ~2 c2 E% ]. o# _ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 P! T1 k, Y/ e+ K 186. Preclusive purchasing: L/ u4 V- n9 n3 {; S
187. Seizure of assets& u4 a# q# d$ X
188. Dumping
! ]8 j# S+ T: N: P- K 189. Selective patronage( m: X; M- `' Z- Q# W) D7 h/ `' \
190. Alternative markets8 t, o1 [1 v) _3 |2 P! Q5 d' T
191. Alternative transportation systems
- F: U, T, b( [# c- L0 e 192. Alternative economic institutions2 l* z; \8 A' u# L+ b, N
% \( S" u6 c( o7 D9 ^4 l
Political Intervention
$ G g2 U8 {7 k" ^# [. X' s0 D: F! { 193. Overloading of administrative systems' O3 S; C/ X8 M& S& B
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' R* G) k8 P {, I2 H+ E; ~ 195. Seeking imprisonment9 J. I/ M7 |, P: M7 @
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& W* A& d: A" j- c$ |/ I) x1 N
197. Work-on without collaboration5 O5 ]/ T0 S* N8 y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
