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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, z6 X6 o. V: p3 U% BFormal Statements$ R) ~% [# c& C& c1 X3 }8 ~
1. Public Speeches% U, e, |& ?. `8 o* q9 k! `) u( j
2. Letters of opposition or support& I: x# B0 Y! \1 Y( [4 m8 q' L6 b
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ j, X( {1 }& q$ }1 w
4. Signed public statements1 ^% W8 q( |, h, `! [. q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 @' R5 V, F0 t; X, P
6. Group or mass petitions
! G$ f# `5 d( }: S: d6 i% u- b5 y( e* M6 w( Z$ ~0 }5 z
Communications with a Wider Audience f4 R- n& u7 Z1 E3 l
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 I, I, N0 |. P a* Z, x' N
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 u8 {5 k3 _/ W5 S5 A
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 b2 Y% c% J+ ?4 E0 {8 x9 l4 e6 M; a& n 10. Newspapers and journals- h" I5 H& K R
11. Records, radio, and television
: c$ G1 y% n1 u9 n* u6 B) D 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% M9 L8 V9 y; w3 I: `/ U5 V
+ b9 V6 M. J8 i& VGroup Representations
0 A6 u8 G1 ?9 i 13. Deputations
6 R0 v& r' @7 k3 H# V9 _% U# c A 14. Mock awards- t8 s9 X( v9 l
15. Group lobbying
8 h7 C" a# Q6 c 16. Picketing8 d" L' p( o9 ~( } k( j
17. Mock elections
6 U, o% i3 A2 l/ c3 f& r
- m8 d3 R6 W5 @1 V1 dSymbolic Public Acts
9 q0 g- n* x/ a) W 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& }$ D# a. E: Z/ w0 {4 a' W 19. Wearing of symbols7 L5 B' j2 z* X& j
20. Prayer and worship
; b# h3 N7 t2 K 21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ G8 P% d+ N6 q) j0 p, P 22. Protest disrobings4 F; [$ y6 [0 O! M7 K
23. Destruction of own property
% j$ G1 M2 P8 D( A 24. Symbolic lights
* [1 w+ w( z; q: I 25. Displays of portraits2 R5 `) [6 J8 K# S
26. Paint as protest
7 M6 |0 B P* y' \. [ 27. New signs and names
7 L4 h; l9 I# t$ s9 y( p9 r 28. Symbolic sounds
- O) ~5 g3 b) ~5 ~ 29. Symbolic reclamations! o! J& g% `8 N$ [6 e
30. Rude gestures0 ]3 G5 ]( F9 t7 m
9 m# x! R/ B! M, h- k! YPressures on Individuals1 l; c2 N5 T2 v5 G7 j* x& W
31. “Haunting” officials
# q) F. `( H5 c" l% R/ d* Z 32. Taunting officials4 Z L/ g# @+ t
33. Fraternization
$ m3 |" ] \& X- O9 k8 v 34. Vigils
) u! x0 ^! q9 T3 I. v6 H3 n7 O7 u1 ?# H% e
Drama and Music# L$ p6 B& u+ _( c. a# x$ A1 a" Z
35. Humorous skits and pranks5 ~; _; m g: B# n
36. Performances of plays and music
$ N- X ]3 d$ p: ]4 ~ 37. Singing2 Q& L' B( O* b2 M4 i$ m7 d. A4 N
$ f; ]) }5 H. {% a' O
Processions
% n! x/ r) R5 j( f1 E8 M 38. Marches- _" s t+ f/ Q" u" M3 X: B
39. Parades% v: b; e+ G/ W& R
40. Religious processions2 R% B( D; z( [" Q
41. Pilgrimages
* S8 e I0 @1 K$ s 42. Motorcades
* p4 A- X/ ]2 Z/ V: M8 J( \# V
# k- `1 f& A6 w0 SHonoring the Dead( Z0 [$ n3 f0 s5 q# [* h
43. Political mourning
5 n# R) [& x. |9 ?/ |9 L9 F7 o 44. Mock funerals9 r0 n& ]; X5 t2 p9 x& ~
45. Demonstrative funerals* d7 D1 u( c& ?( v
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies& N6 j! Y; `# h: C% d0 i) g
47. Assemblies of protest or support
' @# u0 y1 n; }. ? 48. Protest meetings; ]6 U) @7 ?+ v6 V
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 V+ f9 S. @( e1 d: D1 K
50. Teach-ins
8 c, ^, d, R1 [% b; P! \8 S
! K" h3 e! H1 g& z1 bWithdrawal and Renunciation3 k3 l, J! c6 B3 x
51. Walk-outs
. Q4 }8 e: o( L1 o/ B 52. Silence
T, t9 M H" U7 S/ Y( N) ` 53. Renouncing honors
7 v' d$ a$ ~2 ]5 R 54. Turning one’s back! a: F# G- [6 c
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N3 C* e. d0 [+ g& bTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ w$ K A1 R h
3 b7 d, J9 j' r2 n3 o+ S# \
) Q5 n& C M0 r1 T) S) l5 B ?3 X) _0 ~6 A( y6 ^. B( j
Ostracism of Persons8 |, _ b) |3 Q: h: U
55. Social boycott7 \$ o9 \6 S8 i9 v
56. Selective social boycott7 S' ?& O" F+ A4 _& Z
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ X' S7 z) R/ ^7 f6 X
58. Excommunication
+ ?$ q# V$ F* p: C 59. Interdict9 d$ J2 T Q$ a2 V8 z) ]
`# I; ~* [# ?$ e5 ]
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; Y! F3 A6 P! F8 X5 E7 s, f b 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; u+ ?; V; m# C* W( ]% K: g+ t! v 61. Boycott of social affairs- p* j5 r3 T n, p2 a
62. Student strike
4 h1 z( L* E6 }) j* P$ h4 S 63. Social disobedience
8 s6 V9 R. f7 D& |0 m4 e/ B. t; w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: K2 ?2 x b. T1 q4 W: ?1 s
, K! t7 j/ D6 X) ^7 }; DWithdrawal from the Social System# Y6 U# F) @+ N+ y, w2 M
65. Stay-at-home
! V! G% F9 ~$ ^* w& T3 Q7 c 66. Total personal noncooperation& q- }! S A; R1 E
67. “Flight” of workers) J( R$ X! N/ \
68. Sanctuary4 K$ n6 P0 a- A9 F2 e7 r
69. Collective disappearance0 n9 ]4 L3 I7 ]( z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) R; U! U- i' p0 [$ n
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+ X9 Z4 B" L- W8 x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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# K+ ~- k0 w: x
Actions by Consumers$ ?) S1 e" [. ?8 |8 b1 t
71. Consumers’ boycott
0 i4 g/ d$ _% f* [0 b, F8 p3 R' ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( x3 S+ A) b6 O! I& p5 y; Y
73. Policy of austerity
0 g8 O8 A" R/ ^5 O6 p 74. Rent withholding7 X1 A# m2 N$ H/ F6 S
75. Refusal to rent
4 q0 k+ ~! Y9 v 76. National consumers’ boycott
3 w9 [& G+ D, N 77. International consumers’ boycott" A" a) E- o/ {1 }( r% u
" P9 x5 \5 r( L' W$ C; d& b
Action by Workers and Producers. }6 {" u! ]1 m5 |1 s. B8 a, R6 v
78. Workmen’s boycott2 G2 O) k" q2 ]) \# O
79. Producers’ boycott
3 c0 @& _( M) K, y0 P9 C1 r7 `) w) T; t2 k+ I/ o
Action by Middlemen
* E) O, B5 C0 Y3 S' F& M 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' E2 i% [8 w; j9 }2 t) ~
0 P( h5 @8 }; ^2 M- N9 J& qAction by Owners and Management; ~, G: i& G- |
81. Traders’ boycott: P0 Z) ~ O' d- m% I5 c, d8 x; w1 @, A
82. Refusal to let or sell property
) U4 D+ Z H9 ~7 n, j, i 83. Lockout
: Z4 o5 `: \' ~7 b( `" L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( J& Q+ H: y# j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 S% s$ Q$ N9 M1 X j
! N& L" ^7 H: p1 U- C/ ~Action by Holders of Financial Resources' ?) M! l1 b: \6 F: j7 D
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* L+ L) R# K7 h9 x 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, D3 t# x! R, q9 V j
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 }& q) U/ Y( g3 L3 E+ p 89. Severance of funds and credit
8 p$ S B- w4 R+ Q* C0 \: t+ P 90. Revenue refusal
( y7 r% n# W1 o# w$ F$ O, h: k* U5 A. m 91. Refusal of a government’s money: g$ c& I; w* K. Q& p, Z5 z
$ e' E6 Y) C9 k a3 _
Action by Governments
& a" K7 C) ~( e/ b8 e2 u. s9 R3 V, d 92. Domestic embargo
" u ~7 \- ^% s0 } 93. Blacklisting of traders! D2 a5 z1 F- ~& Q
94. International sellers’ embargo
& m2 O. V0 B3 ]4 u; E' d 95. International buyers’ embargo
# a5 n: b6 @2 t7 S- ]6 G) s 96. International trade embargo
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9 c2 n1 D* Y0 b9 R4 J% {! I0 C! W 1 V/ ]: D, Q [- [& D w$ H* g5 i
6 N1 @8 P' g" tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 X# J' e& ^( z2 f1 FSymbolic Strikes
. G7 c4 c) A$ K 97. Protest strike& D+ z M( K1 Q$ B. d
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ ^9 ]7 T) ^& }8 j* Y( c
( h% r/ X) A% `4 N1 |% I4 ]Agricultural Strikes
9 D5 N6 @3 s6 T0 V( g/ Y2 Y 99. Peasant strike+ r0 g4 V' V% H7 T
100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 {# W6 F2 [+ C5 l: G
+ J) l d- F3 N3 ]4 {Strikes by Special Groups
9 B( w4 s% r3 y! @/ F9 L' C 101. Refusal of impressed labor1 b: R' I: y7 v/ e* e/ _
102. Prisoners’ strike
( N0 H4 H8 W5 d) b8 X9 [2 m 103. Craft strike# H; Z' c$ [% C1 F
104. Professional strike) S3 g# J) | T- b0 V! i, e
# }) w. R! h/ m y( u& C$ @) K- fOrdinary Industrial Strikes0 C# J/ L% `' `- P8 k7 q
105. Establishment strike
5 d2 o! Y' I0 X7 A# S% x 106. Industry strike
$ k* Y7 C0 ~' ~' i6 Y8 N 107. Sympathetic strike
1 w/ Y- G1 q9 A, Q( A5 J
/ a) A- l' b( f: X7 X% Y. y5 M4 K* qRestricted Strikes; Q6 ~1 G' G' p7 r9 \
108. Detailed strike( Q) T/ ]' ^% E: A9 F
109. Bumper strike
" C! T/ X% t8 |% `1 V 110. Slowdown strike
3 m8 k8 V0 h# t. |% i0 L 111. Working-to-rule strike
! l7 k$ ^) J8 f/ W 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 d. e' U0 ~! ]* f) ~0 O9 m& d4 r 113. Strike by resignation
9 L+ x1 A8 V, X" Z; S- O1 g1 K 114. Limited strike
) r, L% W( R" K: ] 115. Selective strike
: D6 b. O% q) ^% G O3 t, v. P3 l* s- d9 A# i6 y; X
Multi-Industry Strikes
6 g1 o7 ^$ ]% U& s* B+ O' i6 K: z6 }5 X7 Y: V7 l* e
116. Generalized strike
0 V- d: f$ m( R! n* X/ p5 D+ W8 f0 e, H
117. General strike
5 @$ x- @, q& _$ b _; J+ M: z9 O$ L: i; o! @0 p- e
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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, Y& L* g! f. C8 S 118. Hartal0 t, {5 E5 W, Z9 i+ j( d* b- C- C! u
3 `8 r* t5 O4 x% j3 d* C
119. Economic shutdown" W* |& c9 J# B, W9 J Q
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5 N" P' D& b7 `% pTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ G K4 R4 {3 L6 T3 W- O
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Rejection of Authority
3 {; |9 e9 S* f1 `7 H7 }) B% J+ K9 C 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, G9 R1 W7 E5 W3 b) i' w/ c
121. Refusal of public support
, h* i& X7 G1 Q5 K h 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; Q1 a6 ]8 j e0 N6 y
: P) e8 v2 u6 ?/ S& W, E$ x
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 W; y- @+ A% D; x2 d
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 K" ]( A3 A1 H, r) s8 p" e9 T& B# d5 @ 124. Boycott of elections2 V1 [7 {# t# n/ e4 y" o% C+ e, R3 {
125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ I& B k5 K: O3 b7 u! i
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 j1 A9 \) d: l+ k8 g7 |( q
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ c+ S% X0 K2 @- X& K! c+ I" l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ P9 W$ Y+ M2 z' w1 Y9 F0 O7 W. A$ y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& n; k8 D# |, e; Y# s 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 ~- |9 C# Z# g6 W$ U 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% x# j9 A4 s! k6 f 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 n, z4 p1 b2 \4 A9 s
' @/ g8 S# I8 G R, s% ^0 R
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. Y1 p( ?1 b0 H- I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
3 S; t; \) t$ L: ^& l8 a8 m% x 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- K& }0 N0 q5 E- h8 D. [1 `
135. Popular nonobedience+ M6 \/ D5 d) ?' Y
136. Disguised disobedience
/ |( s5 I3 Y3 x, e' A" G6 r" o7 L 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 q9 I5 f! n. J o2 j1 c 138. Sitdown
0 J; U8 @0 {* f6 i6 {2 q* | 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% @3 w5 @7 X4 r) [; S" r
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 c. {1 T; p" V' L% V% F 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws0 h/ \ s% T% e- `8 \ f2 E
, T4 A: {- l( a+ R, G; I5 KAction by Government Personnel$ `9 C+ L9 A. X2 |6 S+ n
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! c3 m' P0 A5 o' P2 s' B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 O. T9 B/ h l. B# K 144. Stalling and obstruction- j' P% t/ A- e. `
145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
' ?1 a5 ]) I3 e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 ?# ^/ l* J, W 148. Mutiny
4 c: A, s* d( r1 a1 G( JDomestic Governmental Action, D' ?3 F% B/ q2 F- v8 N2 I
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) [. h+ z+ f3 T1 W# H- i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; }" t3 ^" p. ]: t3 H
2 g6 g5 t# Z& Y n+ @9 H' d6 HInternational Governmental Action w* I# s: D, M
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ w6 a# q8 P9 o; {8 t6 w& M 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: r; k1 p9 b J8 P% W. [' Y- ^9 c& _. ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 z, O! {8 y, i e
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( w) G3 ^7 X+ Q0 i' _9 J+ N2 o
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 I7 g9 c4 n) n0 I 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 T# r- B1 } @1 C 157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ A( |' b: y' R* f1 x) P3 j; M) {: q& ~& _1 z! j4 y0 _+ s3 Y
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 y& F* L0 ?$ e9 a0 w/ p
Psychological Intervention
1 B) |+ \. T( n5 y& R5 I 158. Self-exposure to the elements+ C2 j; F5 J0 m" ?9 p' M8 M
159. The fast) r% ~0 m4 J3 |5 v
a) Fast of moral pressure8 f5 a+ ` _ M. k1 _
b) Hunger strike
( x3 ]0 @- R! l: A! V5 S$ E c) Satyagrahic fast
# X. x5 z. z8 y6 M. c6 W 160. Reverse trial: F4 d2 K* ?/ ?, t* x" h
161. Nonviolent harassment
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1 Q4 s \! I0 X U' o/ gPhysical Intervention& d W" G& h; S1 f v
162. Sit-in8 ^! R* f8 K0 V' j( m3 g
163. Stand-in
" n) b) c* u8 P0 W/ ` 164. Ride-in$ {% I, p7 A" u7 ~
165. Wade-in
2 f- H$ h* B4 o7 u7 } 166. Mill-in3 T/ }- [5 C( I" P
167. Pray-in8 M0 C6 M6 Y+ x U: Z
168. Nonviolent raids
* [0 w% e: ? N5 J 169. Nonviolent air raids! K2 i+ B/ a ?2 [
170. Nonviolent invasion w: b; J; Y3 ^9 ]7 N( }) ?
171. Nonviolent interjection3 B0 o- C7 @, b- U _# y
172. Nonviolent obstruction
) j! y- ^. K, Y- J9 Y" v 173. Nonviolent occupation; f8 F, Z4 z8 s. i- _9 s
8 o1 M" J9 Y# T: a
Social Intervention
! U9 j- A8 H$ G/ {6 q 174. Establishing new social patterns" A$ C: Q- m" L! }# f3 ]5 V$ Z
175. Overloading of facilities. @6 K9 X& q% q& Q
176. Stall-in
5 B( x# j8 s% {& M( ?7 U. ` 177. Speak-in. G0 R0 P% A O' M4 Z3 \
178. Guerrilla theater
6 r6 Z, h4 y! H5 v. j 179. Alternative social institutions! J4 ~& j1 n' T
180. Alternative communication system1 k# r1 P. I1 @/ R6 |, p. x
* w$ b, e6 e x7 B; j1 J( S
Economic Intervention
+ K6 `0 Q+ l7 z/ `1 p 181. Reverse strike- [! q2 E7 Z; _* D7 W
182. Stay-in strike, c U4 p& c# f6 W7 e1 `$ Z: S/ [; a& u6 S
183. Nonviolent land seizure
! T6 T7 g0 G/ ?8 e/ v/ N4 r 184. Defiance of blockades/ P- F w X+ c! Y, v3 g. A
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ s' D# x3 Y5 t2 G# k 186. Preclusive purchasing
* \( s s/ h$ v; ^ 187. Seizure of assets
/ _9 }) v; b; c' n n 188. Dumping
' ~1 z( S0 r# L' N1 r" S2 H- p Z 189. Selective patronage
) r9 y! M) p" z' B- _. Q6 f) `, n2 E 190. Alternative markets
9 w3 j- n& o @ 191. Alternative transportation systems
. k/ [+ W5 W i9 m$ K7 x 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention! g. S1 y2 n$ d. z
193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 C8 o! F! p% r* a 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 }$ C* [9 E' y( x3 ^2 e 195. Seeking imprisonment
" p9 D% `+ H' w# y7 d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 L% g* A9 N+ y8 s: k% d' c 197. Work-on without collaboration
, `8 Y X3 \% `- j, K 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
