 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ ]3 K. J4 P( h6 a' g" [) IFormal Statements
& _' k5 p H, |# } 1. Public Speeches; F2 T) e- n3 K& N
2. Letters of opposition or support" B% E0 c" h0 _: J; p7 i
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( J! v p0 Q3 G _; [6 E: j0 s* z
4. Signed public statements0 D0 B2 \7 L! q$ ~& r M2 P$ ^
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ K' A1 V. j4 ^' O. z1 I 6. Group or mass petitions" S) x4 ?$ ]3 ?3 W$ J& K3 z t
9 g3 ~* W* A' s$ Y/ M# T3 W
Communications with a Wider Audience: ?/ V: U3 {3 n1 Z$ U/ D
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& P9 W- x. `, R3 C1 ] 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 E, V8 [1 @7 J+ m2 e" J& ~* s: O. K( o 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% T# `; J8 R$ [/ F4 g5 ^( T% k
10. Newspapers and journals3 }) c4 L1 [- l) j9 i
11. Records, radio, and television1 N9 t9 {( D% U/ n, T8 D; @! \" S( M' A
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 }! [- M5 C% E% ^- M& E: c- L) ? B( M0 k p$ B
Group Representations
% e* b8 C; y/ q9 s% d% g0 `. b2 k 13. Deputations) ?! u% y$ B+ ^
14. Mock awards
* C. U6 V- I' f! X3 M( O9 y2 p, L' k 15. Group lobbying6 C8 z' u c' L; H
16. Picketing5 q0 d! b7 j; r# n8 e3 G3 ?8 E
17. Mock elections4 }- \ n1 k" ]8 C* N$ w
& [3 t$ Y Z6 A( O4 @Symbolic Public Acts' L Z; q8 m q7 H" ~$ n0 M! q
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# ]8 q4 {. C) T
19. Wearing of symbols( ?4 W3 w8 o+ s- Q( @. y
20. Prayer and worship
& K9 L" Y$ `* w# Z4 a. |& g8 n 21. Delivering symbolic objects+ c2 t$ p% t* B( a' _: e( k
22. Protest disrobings! h" N7 {* E R1 [
23. Destruction of own property- n4 l2 S) P* \" J
24. Symbolic lights( W% P7 O1 A- a4 t$ B1 q
25. Displays of portraits
4 [9 Y+ h' B8 c# @ 26. Paint as protest
2 K1 b. J- {% |$ F' a 27. New signs and names& {# G9 P [! l% H
28. Symbolic sounds
9 _ t$ N/ t9 v! A2 R7 ? 29. Symbolic reclamations
: e6 n! E) l! p4 t$ R 30. Rude gestures9 r( \! n3 d" Y6 k3 i
9 c+ ^9 O# w1 ^- ?) Q
Pressures on Individuals- `7 \' v& U- X7 @
31. “Haunting” officials- Y; S2 C- {1 O0 n6 [
32. Taunting officials
+ C! ^4 Z# q0 j8 q! F( `) Y0 ~ 33. Fraternization
3 f _' D: `9 Q. T; y/ l% N 34. Vigils8 {" f) ^" A- |' E0 V
, \" G# d& B- }+ {2 m
Drama and Music7 o! u/ n, q1 |/ ]
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 e [; } q5 G; ^, r
36. Performances of plays and music
1 g/ ?; }2 d3 U2 C! P! ^ 37. Singing
0 r* Q1 `# u) i$ K* e
* v! w2 ?9 t# z7 _4 EProcessions" @. R+ g- b* B" ^
38. Marches
3 y4 o. j# o$ f 39. Parades+ p$ w) P2 u6 Y+ Z! u
40. Religious processions
5 W% I% ~# J$ P. u- C- Y, @: \# z 41. Pilgrimages
* r8 e; T% g. a8 J$ G3 W+ @3 q 42. Motorcades
$ X/ W7 E! f, f! X9 S) i% A+ S& u4 F, U- ]& t+ k
Honoring the Dead
* C( Q: `9 y2 X+ b 43. Political mourning# Q( D8 L3 f/ D; d2 S' ~. f3 U
44. Mock funerals5 d1 Q. e0 F7 c; V% @) C. c
45. Demonstrative funerals$ _. M7 ]3 O3 d% M( [
46. Homage at burial places7 g4 J- L+ e7 `, t; k b/ @' d
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Public Assemblies
5 ]+ i- i6 w5 u 47. Assemblies of protest or support# p* A0 w( j$ i# H; R4 u
48. Protest meetings
+ m& P4 U- l b; n. P M. r- q! d 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& R" M+ x: A J% Y/ d) p4 Y8 K 50. Teach-ins' J8 N* ~) \& D2 i' e4 Z m
: S4 I# W7 V% VWithdrawal and Renunciation
% j: U2 W) c P# U+ r8 B 51. Walk-outs* C: x+ h3 r. v U
52. Silence
0 Q4 ?" @& `; U9 E; B, S 53. Renouncing honors
" |/ R) g" J) a/ p 54. Turning one’s back. W$ T$ F7 L6 ?: g3 u: J' \5 h
) u; g& x* R3 W4 }+ }2 R
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: ^( j( B" F. a3 bTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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( {# J6 Q( ~1 ^: ?( |, a3 y2 {$ a/ ?4 I/ ^- A# ~/ d$ l4 s
Ostracism of Persons. F+ e* p* A: Q) j0 H7 }9 o# x
55. Social boycott2 q& d0 L# w8 i4 B1 L6 Q+ u
56. Selective social boycott
9 ?* i3 n+ N9 _, v) x" Z 57. Lysistratic nonaction
( a" T7 {, X2 k7 K3 O, R! F3 ^/ { 58. Excommunication. U1 \* F+ }# q9 o
59. Interdict8 h" p1 l P4 d- d
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- P' ?0 ]; b" Z/ T; }/ d0 g
60. Suspension of social and sports activities# |- T! p: k6 S$ a* ?* U
61. Boycott of social affairs/ [4 l( T k3 K9 A
62. Student strike
% p; P3 P- U7 v$ G8 B9 b 63. Social disobedience/ U( g; a6 Z$ e, O
64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 ]1 `% ]0 M/ B. F+ \0 A
5 J; Y! v- t# ~7 L7 J
Withdrawal from the Social System
5 y& _) {. @5 _1 G1 r w: ]& s @ 65. Stay-at-home
8 N6 m* U( y) B( F) k2 A: Y7 i1 a 66. Total personal noncooperation
: `& e) m! O9 c6 M3 z- O6 |, @' P+ F 67. “Flight” of workers
8 q; F1 H! c4 I% t8 S& ~* Q 68. Sanctuary
( ~) q# K( X$ \" j! y 69. Collective disappearance
7 m6 `0 A; \: C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
2 u, N( i9 f8 q0 g 71. Consumers’ boycott
" a C8 |6 z+ X1 [. l7 s 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' f9 o T: U7 u 73. Policy of austerity; M% ^# v& r6 _. h
74. Rent withholding" R& M3 ?! I) x3 `5 B
75. Refusal to rent
' a: x1 ^' s8 a* R7 c- @. |" T% G 76. National consumers’ boycott( i! b" g( [4 m$ D& J
77. International consumers’ boycott9 V5 E3 Y0 \: Y7 s2 a& b& L
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Action by Workers and Producers
8 L2 w9 ?. g3 ~" B/ D5 y 78. Workmen’s boycott
6 F3 _" s) s6 @ 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen6 h1 J( C _! }& _0 T( O
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 D |* v3 J+ P1 F0 b, {
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Action by Owners and Management: R+ |3 H* {5 b/ z7 _$ s
81. Traders’ boycott
6 y, K% n9 ?5 K- N# l+ ]( m 82. Refusal to let or sell property
: I: `( {3 h9 @$ @+ f 83. Lockout
3 t! L4 S! j' T) ]1 p) x 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* z: R% _+ p, P( ^ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& S( W9 k% X9 A$ w6 S9 G4 l+ X) U% z
/ j1 o, m- P1 G% J7 o* PAction by Holders of Financial Resources5 N5 F. d8 y/ L9 p! O2 @ W- @
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" s a( ?4 d" j
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. }& t& x$ ~: m2 k 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 l& r4 v0 N) f8 T 89. Severance of funds and credit# B4 p& z1 U% T+ ?
90. Revenue refusal
" o6 N' r5 U9 e& A: V9 p. W* v 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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3 d, f; B6 `$ b/ N, sAction by Governments# e u! b2 D7 N, R ~7 [: b) b
92. Domestic embargo
9 N0 x1 ^! j- N 93. Blacklisting of traders! \; Z( G( L, A. \
94. International sellers’ embargo& Y4 \+ H6 W1 L- W# U
95. International buyers’ embargo
- Y# a+ O2 n9 m5 U. } 96. International trade embargo* B$ u+ l" b+ F6 g% S& r: z
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. z. e! }" [2 b: c; {/ y; @8 bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes+ |* v' k+ u4 t; q/ Q; M
97. Protest strike$ r5 v% ~0 Z6 s3 A4 {
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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Agricultural Strikes
) M$ N1 Z+ q2 {* n 99. Peasant strike! K1 T6 V2 M: S
100. Farm Workers’ strike% n( p4 G6 n7 T A
1 x; B" B- u7 M S( k. e
Strikes by Special Groups
1 F) I0 }9 L T& u 101. Refusal of impressed labor1 M& P! ~( P; v8 f" f. f+ k
102. Prisoners’ strike( V/ C% Y( O. W# K+ `0 k' {: a
103. Craft strike
( U; B! }: P2 f( |# R$ ] 104. Professional strike: }6 ]4 [: s9 L" T3 F
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 Z$ }0 q, q" I% \7 ~ 105. Establishment strike
7 n- I y9 h1 E1 b% x6 N 106. Industry strike
/ Y# g- q0 J3 g1 W c0 r |8 |& S+ n 107. Sympathetic strike* K, b7 T/ W2 Z
1 m- N# S$ d; n) k Z1 oRestricted Strikes
. x5 o7 H3 G9 I) J& x4 A1 {& | 108. Detailed strike- h2 x& c/ W3 X8 @8 P
109. Bumper strike
6 w1 N) m: E4 f4 X 110. Slowdown strike. \. x# C8 V: M
111. Working-to-rule strike7 T/ y1 _& |, [0 @7 W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' ]2 t0 R5 _2 K7 R 113. Strike by resignation }1 {" u4 @1 O8 j* W' r$ ~4 F n2 i
114. Limited strike! t1 p M: }2 C% k1 j: P
115. Selective strike
1 E/ z+ o) B. ]6 d+ v: K# v3 H1 V) S$ N- j! B- t
Multi-Industry Strikes/ z& A' w, M" Q5 S8 m- f( [2 q: W
7 e1 w+ B3 }0 R* Y0 p" @ 116. Generalized strike
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8 Q3 I9 [: S- x& q5 j 117. General strike
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8 ^9 [8 p" O3 a. LCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures* A; i' N+ [* G. a3 g0 K; ~
4 G7 D$ s, c$ N5 Z
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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# z5 y. }- u- q* j/ WRejection of Authority
% @& B3 Y! v- _: a7 Y* \- U( y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 J7 d5 ?8 P4 [+ V# X2 y1 m 121. Refusal of public support# _& `& J( V0 m* D: E( C* e5 d& q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. ~1 u5 k9 a I3 ~
g4 ^3 z( q+ i" A- RCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: k: L+ g+ C# A# F7 B 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 \9 u+ O! v) a* c( f. b 124. Boycott of elections
; i* H) b- g/ M 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 Y0 I U* ^; | 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' W) c8 {+ e% v- q" `
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, F' ]! t9 z2 j' i: \
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
J! {, p, q6 b* S- W: o 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents F8 l/ H: K V( _6 _1 v& c! `
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ ^0 ]3 y" U9 q# g" d$ z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- Q& s+ t8 ?! C- q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 Z6 X. ?9 N7 k$ m
4 `9 _# Q9 V$ {3 Q% i% w. W& E C) oCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ n3 A: F2 {0 P8 t; B! s
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 S* c" Q6 l+ m: y: q; D 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) q; T# \* a% h5 p& O! K$ l4 J, j( G 135. Popular nonobedience
6 Z) M( j% d4 k, H 136. Disguised disobedience
. E6 J/ B& ^; x7 S" f 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) E6 \' a. K& n, ?: |: x, j
138. Sitdown
! ]: M* N" T g) [% C 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 R7 t3 x2 P8 D 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& J! n; R. g! C- r1 n, K 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel
" ^; O5 m$ u) w& x 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; w/ G! h0 I/ V$ D+ s
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 _0 u @; ]6 L3 S, p 144. Stalling and obstruction
3 B& t9 u2 B: B 145. General administrative noncooperation
5 T3 I/ Q9 {$ d; h9 W% E9 b3 v$ ^( c2 o" a$ @. {* `% ^
146. Judicial noncooperation: J4 @, m' d L
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 \5 R. n6 ^: ?# Y, V 148. Mutiny; X$ T4 N9 J( w8 i$ {; U
Domestic Governmental Action
# V6 o9 u l2 M5 h 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; d, m$ h3 P; }2 B$ E
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 z6 @5 R T5 z5 Y0 ^6 C w
9 O* y' G( b) W6 Q7 V" @" c5 T
International Governmental Action% _1 M: X- {: o% j5 s: l& f7 X
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% x( y1 q& q6 f' i 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, D/ w& k, d7 u6 x/ o% V
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
o+ w9 O2 |/ f, j' y" u 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% |) h$ e1 P& j% C" l 155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ o7 ^6 c4 U9 E f
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 U- P- T- d! A& o5 W3 |
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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: T2 T1 U) \3 v; h$ z0 a- YTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; [, Y2 \' @" x9 A4 k
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0 G$ T/ j7 P( }2 UPsychological Intervention' j, }! x' C9 [$ j6 [
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ Y- y6 L D6 ^ 159. The fast4 q W+ B, b: W- q
a) Fast of moral pressure
7 G: W6 J( z0 Y- d0 O; J b) Hunger strike/ N- e- U. M" J9 t/ E4 |
c) Satyagrahic fast/ ~' ~/ |6 K9 \5 M' v
160. Reverse trial
# a2 N3 G' u6 E! | 161. Nonviolent harassment+ c5 R/ N1 K9 n* [5 b* l( o3 O
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Physical Intervention% u+ J# u. |6 y7 J
162. Sit-in* r$ c- M3 P3 X. k: _
163. Stand-in
, `2 V5 }% p1 ^' { ^ 164. Ride-in5 L8 r) c0 c& M# V
165. Wade-in& r/ o1 z( n: q
166. Mill-in" x# W) _5 Z0 m Z
167. Pray-in
5 G6 F: _$ H: a$ e/ c- d7 R4 q. z 168. Nonviolent raids
# z% [* l* d! r$ L. u! S3 w d 169. Nonviolent air raids7 H. w0 O: s) X3 z
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 D9 F. q! A/ L: C6 z5 m 171. Nonviolent interjection* F5 \ |' l& J0 a8 f1 M
172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 [0 E: V3 V) A 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
9 Z- g: I: C7 f: D) l% R5 y# n2 { 174. Establishing new social patterns7 z8 L! e4 F1 D$ a% E0 o- t8 F
175. Overloading of facilities
2 \8 ^0 C1 }4 ^0 \9 C$ E' R 176. Stall-in. D3 _1 ^# x: c9 m1 t) r
177. Speak-in
& f0 Y2 U4 D- \ j! l1 H 178. Guerrilla theater$ Z8 Y! C* [# y3 d( R; ~+ T7 Z
179. Alternative social institutions
) \1 W1 e$ I) h" v+ y 180. Alternative communication system2 [' h) n% m& \* \+ ]' g5 Z
% f% m9 |2 z3 K% @( W& f9 U
Economic Intervention
1 p* K; p) A# t4 K, c 181. Reverse strike
+ ]5 u: @9 N* f 182. Stay-in strike0 }/ a- T& Y) y' S9 g, M5 P" \
183. Nonviolent land seizure: L7 k, S' v, L9 V" l3 ]1 Y
184. Defiance of blockades
: a4 ?( n: r! T1 ?/ n; X 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
e1 i$ K& x5 R1 M1 z/ r! C0 y 186. Preclusive purchasing
m4 [0 v4 ?8 O7 w, ^: w 187. Seizure of assets
! Q- G+ h2 ~( v 188. Dumping
: l/ [3 @* q8 f* j* B7 ^/ S' X 189. Selective patronage
7 p" N& T" N. v+ b4 T. g4 W; n 190. Alternative markets
" R$ n) @# P7 {) C# ?7 j 191. Alternative transportation systems
% \( q4 \9 o2 U7 U( a, c4 ?; A6 z 192. Alternative economic institutions
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0 o; z% ?0 P5 x W4 mPolitical Intervention0 W S: X4 y0 O3 N
193. Overloading of administrative systems5 a# C q. V2 v0 `( {
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 P" d* V" j( F3 Q" H
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 M. X' @4 G0 ]5 r* W* n, h0 T4 F 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 J4 f3 T$ w& d1 u' q$ k0 h1 B 197. Work-on without collaboration: W H. T. ]+ \, N7 [. J7 f6 N
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
