 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
h; t1 E1 I* U/ O- Z7 F; vFormal Statements- d& E( D% {" P
1. Public Speeches4 m5 q: C, F7 Y% B
2. Letters of opposition or support' U# o, V8 k% q3 m9 X+ A# T- p
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 S8 E5 f% h0 E3 ~% t- G) m8 ^' i
4. Signed public statements4 M, h* Q# @. r% \: ^3 x2 Z8 }: W
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
* I/ A3 k) G. L: g" s( b/ }" A W 6. Group or mass petitions3 @3 f) B% p+ |3 y" |
i. w3 D5 }9 V' B- ]5 p) n
Communications with a Wider Audience
i5 X2 K" v& x# r4 w 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 Q2 l& x5 Q0 i$ J9 Z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. H+ a$ {* m) F F$ H. u# l9 ` V8 N: W, T
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 F3 Q y4 \8 {+ e& R
10. Newspapers and journals
% z5 P$ o0 G0 G% s3 \8 w# e2 z 11. Records, radio, and television% i- P' y) ]- A
12. Skywriting and earthwriting& z& o( \4 T. u, c r2 p
9 B4 _$ |' q% t1 d1 o0 }
Group Representations
" N# X" {; n, v+ U. o0 \& W 13. Deputations' {8 x7 [. g& }' v5 X# E, f ^
14. Mock awards/ _$ A$ n# J( U: {; E$ T! S7 w' O
15. Group lobbying4 ]* R: e5 g* ]% R! u
16. Picketing
; Z, C4 \- w# o- \2 J0 ?3 Q 17. Mock elections3 V, \5 b. O" W9 n& {/ J7 c* O; O
* I ?/ R | ]- a8 c$ F+ ^3 lSymbolic Public Acts( b/ |3 v. q. c7 b3 A0 N ]
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 x9 @6 E o; a% j/ D9 [. t 19. Wearing of symbols
0 \. v: P+ N% i% y' b 20. Prayer and worship& Q# t8 l0 {7 @4 Z
21. Delivering symbolic objects
* k | B1 i& G7 `* f; M 22. Protest disrobings5 h G7 r- t7 ]& i7 F
23. Destruction of own property# r c& h0 G. q# w$ @9 J" t* Z( h& o
24. Symbolic lights
, r0 ]+ X% O& d2 t# y 25. Displays of portraits
4 g1 m [& B$ S4 V- t7 | 26. Paint as protest
3 V' a/ i& j/ L8 \( H* d 27. New signs and names0 g4 M' f- s5 I2 B2 d2 S# G$ ^
28. Symbolic sounds$ m% M, W- T+ S5 G
29. Symbolic reclamations S/ H: D8 [5 }3 m* [
30. Rude gestures
$ w; p( S8 C6 V4 [( J F# p3 k+ V. N% |" D$ n
Pressures on Individuals
, R0 @0 U- F9 v 31. “Haunting” officials( P* i, \- ~0 u4 T
32. Taunting officials
) m! S4 a: r8 P$ ~ 33. Fraternization
2 g7 _" u- N1 Y: O. e/ t8 t* j! N5 t 34. Vigils: D$ R6 H9 _( @) S4 M
' q8 H+ o$ T1 I5 l: O* j
Drama and Music: b4 }, Z- d3 ~4 V* S
35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ o8 h# x# X# k9 m! w7 H 36. Performances of plays and music% g' {- ]. q- Z ]* P H
37. Singing
& ~4 Q4 S5 k' q5 y$ X
* U' H; P, o* D, Q- R QProcessions! y9 j* f5 X4 i- [
38. Marches3 k+ ~* U4 J8 X0 }# ~
39. Parades
1 \! Y4 `+ v' U$ A$ W 40. Religious processions9 O, ]1 W* U8 Z- r b1 \
41. Pilgrimages$ `) Y0 u! y: T+ _- g! y! }8 \
42. Motorcades
2 [! J" q: r' x# T( K
9 E& s( c2 H) m( R0 n, tHonoring the Dead
) z0 G/ G$ t9 E/ F+ r$ y! ~ 43. Political mourning# A$ s. ~- B5 H1 p& u% P
44. Mock funerals
( i9 X! W# j4 Y# d0 X) w 45. Demonstrative funerals- @9 q8 g. C6 r, w( u2 D
46. Homage at burial places
) `3 I1 K' Q2 y1 y
$ ~, e6 a5 }8 G: DPublic Assemblies
# H6 g. `1 E$ R) ?7 v 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& Q2 U0 E N$ v 48. Protest meetings
5 V/ f% ~) R7 o6 X" C 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 l; a3 }( |2 `* D0 d8 t
50. Teach-ins- O0 o+ n8 d f9 N9 _5 f$ G
! _$ a9 m, [& u- _
Withdrawal and Renunciation
' J6 Z! |: ~/ ^9 O8 K" d 51. Walk-outs, z) G4 j4 q) {8 L( x, s# Z
52. Silence$ j4 x; E% e0 j
53. Renouncing honors: L2 t U: q; ~3 Y
54. Turning one’s back' ^% B/ G$ D3 z+ u6 [+ f% E
" o& R3 }" R* f/ ~. t! \
3 B3 a8 F. |& `& t0 K! C; C9 W! @1 |7 h! o6 O) x" a, X2 N) ^
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- M G- T7 i* G6 J; w2 M
# w: V& k* B7 B V9 @
I+ m: `% a" Y" D2 F1 d& U
. S. x9 o' w. o4 v. a3 l% p, QOstracism of Persons* k. i( C, |) F& P
55. Social boycott
: W+ @- k6 W) w: V' ~" x 56. Selective social boycott
4 M/ [! ]& Z5 W# X 57. Lysistratic nonaction# B6 @! T. W& B! q
58. Excommunication
& s$ A" R* s$ V0 C 59. Interdict8 f3 r; e. i2 t* u, U
D3 r/ K e" P! c5 ]
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# \; B0 \6 b* S% |! p# ~1 T 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' B+ \6 U C6 k( i5 O' b v- S
61. Boycott of social affairs
9 Y/ }8 H& l6 G2 J0 W5 R* N' [ 62. Student strike
9 I7 {) }: f i. Z' ~; j 63. Social disobedience
# Z% d5 a% k3 T" A3 g 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* Z: X$ j( H6 e- D$ W
; R% V* r4 |! yWithdrawal from the Social System% [' `' ?2 e2 E& s& `- s W# i
65. Stay-at-home
: J) D! Z- P2 t: R L 66. Total personal noncooperation
; T: N# D( g, I0 y4 J6 [ 67. “Flight” of workers
C% ]5 l4 _9 L2 t9 G) [ 68. Sanctuary) ]- m3 ]0 H! |( I1 A0 ^! t
69. Collective disappearance/ ^7 e" @& h$ T! g; ]! S
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
5 G1 Y% r1 i$ m4 r* s9 z. o) e
4 o0 [$ F' ?0 H( \. ^0 {, P
3 W- G. g# Z) T
4 Q# i0 d) f/ m, M2 |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' J8 L- z* o6 L" l6 ` q2 y
; u; X1 m% S9 m J# l' W4 r8 D/ Y
) B3 I! ~* u5 K. ?Actions by Consumers
# p4 Q3 {$ U6 L4 W: c 71. Consumers’ boycott
4 O- B1 \5 r$ G 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ {) e4 p e) I: a8 k6 C5 _6 p* o 73. Policy of austerity/ q" K% ^" G9 o* n: \
74. Rent withholding
& `8 o, K- T+ p1 h z t 75. Refusal to rent* r0 M; ~4 W" i4 ]; q6 r8 G' F
76. National consumers’ boycott
! e% d+ V6 i P1 X7 g) Z 77. International consumers’ boycott( `' j1 L# t: `
: L' C- i# P- q [; \$ zAction by Workers and Producers
+ L j' }1 x6 a+ T2 N; u 78. Workmen’s boycott
+ y" q9 X3 R2 ? 79. Producers’ boycott2 h' t2 |) l+ V! r) Y) m
9 @- G! ?& R9 L6 g# {% S
Action by Middlemen
; T' E- N3 K5 { 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 j5 A! B) S$ G' G5 D* X- N
) z2 C/ } |% v8 O/ s/ lAction by Owners and Management* H$ D! y! w" X1 ^
81. Traders’ boycott, r0 F; R" `1 C1 ?+ R
82. Refusal to let or sell property! Y& e2 a8 n% V) |
83. Lockout; h% d8 t" k3 o9 D& Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
6 j K& E& Q* S$ S- f 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 s! G+ a, b* Y# H' k* V' l+ r+ U$ q+ Z0 E
Action by Holders of Financial Resources2 F c) o" a) s6 T9 W
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ J! X1 B3 Q% O5 I 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; s$ J; C, _3 w 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, n+ k5 M% C: ^( v' y: @. U" k 89. Severance of funds and credit
: s: O- Q) p1 ^0 g+ i% ]! x- K% C! _ 90. Revenue refusal
5 @% M- Z5 h" `9 {, s 91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 p. \; k3 S8 |0 O. I C+ v1 e+ D
! q5 B% S1 z/ |; EAction by Governments, T% e% c, ?6 R
92. Domestic embargo- j6 h# m% [ F* Z R1 R, `
93. Blacklisting of traders/ ^, [7 u) H; z1 O: ? G; p
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 `; l1 N9 g. e( n3 `; R. P2 c 95. International buyers’ embargo3 q* X. Z, k" \; k1 x4 o, g3 \8 t
96. International trade embargo4 C; ^/ k; I8 v( l" y0 w
7 e9 x1 M9 |. C# v u6 w) R
' J9 v8 r7 b' {5 r; K: L; b7 @8 y* R1 ^
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ D9 i! E3 T. F# ~: V
5 a" v6 W* x5 z/ q: b9 y ' h* W6 y/ c* r& ^
Symbolic Strikes& I% u" b4 U' H7 j+ p# y
97. Protest strike
7 `- k1 F9 a# a/ j0 n* e 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( i# [* n: C4 f6 a9 ^# X+ f8 B% T% [% A( G1 I
Agricultural Strikes% s, |2 ]1 X' }7 J
99. Peasant strike2 \' w& a5 v% Y
100. Farm Workers’ strike( w; C8 z% \6 u$ I/ z
! _9 @5 E! u# |7 FStrikes by Special Groups, o* k4 s3 k' l; I
101. Refusal of impressed labor( h& D8 w" \$ t9 Z2 _, @: G( U3 S
102. Prisoners’ strike
! R9 d0 h) X. f+ S, c' X/ { 103. Craft strike
. o0 x2 F2 A8 Z: V0 w- F/ ?$ O 104. Professional strike- q! O* `8 t, x4 b
, f& S% r6 L5 e" a* C) S
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
/ b) l+ `$ n. U) O3 { 105. Establishment strike) @! X* b6 K' Q% C( s, X
106. Industry strike9 n z$ D+ q# f. \
107. Sympathetic strike
g4 O) q+ S6 x6 Y6 f: R! M8 g0 I) ]: D. d" k
Restricted Strikes& ]* G+ \9 l- l* ]: x
108. Detailed strike
: W$ X( _, {: S 109. Bumper strike
# g3 m4 Q9 z& q7 W# E 110. Slowdown strike1 v2 Z! x3 J# {
111. Working-to-rule strike# u# h, R6 f" K& u6 t" h! N# q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 X9 r( X0 K" M2 m' L, Y! r: l% ?, E- j
113. Strike by resignation
; d7 F9 l: z! |6 ?$ s2 N) ]6 D 114. Limited strike
6 t% N* p. U: A" i: c 115. Selective strike( x/ u% a& J |1 j
8 H% E, m9 }( E8 n- Q% T: X k0 d
Multi-Industry Strikes
s" ^* [+ ~& K3 G7 P/ ]3 I5 Z
! n3 R) I, }2 G# q9 b 116. Generalized strike
9 r T( I7 w2 x# z. x" G/ F! b; m. a$ R! D) Y. H" Q* @$ S
117. General strike0 ?* }- m" o7 V
* ]8 Z1 ?! [7 D; b# H, C( I; j* PCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures- U6 I: |. S& Z8 a' B
' O( F1 @& y! K1 W
118. Hartal
h! b2 w& M/ M
$ L5 Z' K- E, r3 D+ n 119. Economic shutdown
. k6 i, F6 a) R9 ?8 ~: A9 U! G0 n( M4 t/ U* \6 d4 i
3 m$ \- X' k% g6 Y+ S) v* i' M& K+ i. d7 X4 ^( }) U8 }
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ X" L. s E6 z6 z: h* p# ?. \
0 A. d6 E9 Z( E1 N8 q
" R! O$ T. D" C) z3 uRejection of Authority
+ i2 z4 N" D; c( d 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! t& C. e0 h6 ^( p4 a 121. Refusal of public support0 \% ^$ s3 P- `$ f1 [! Q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& h+ t! `3 {% i) S* |: t
' L- {8 k' ^6 u# pCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government( J2 ]0 W, ^3 X* z! i1 |9 {( E
123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ M$ G! l! Q) |3 Q' ^
124. Boycott of elections
; S: N) ?7 N2 {& [! S 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# v2 B4 N1 _# F% l 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% \1 i5 ]# `8 n
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ O% q7 D$ e0 N 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ S ]1 O! ^# p3 c3 Q% e 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 e" w- b* `; h1 P& ^: m3 s! V4 `
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: m8 A% S$ ], h9 h5 W& W1 j 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) {/ v, a P; h% J2 g- S6 W 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% Q) [7 O X2 h: _- k! M& Y% b' M
- J. U3 T' {2 nCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# M1 Q' e& \6 @: `
133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ l6 o7 j5 h7 L
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; ]5 N5 l% Q4 A
135. Popular nonobedience
' B+ R) g8 {3 D; m' Q6 C 136. Disguised disobedience
% q# l1 A2 K5 Z7 B" L; \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 o7 Z3 N/ |, |4 d1 q2 Y/ q: n
138. Sitdown) O7 m2 M0 j9 V, B: p: C% X' U( q; y7 D
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& x, B. l2 ]+ f) q" _0 s0 n& W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* Q. }& ]; N! @0 O4 G2 @# t) b# G* {
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* V) A" @ A* u0 \3 ]% @) Y, V4 h
# }7 T: v" b$ O/ m4 n
Action by Government Personnel
2 C3 m+ D& D: l% g- P$ V% [1 ` 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 m! U ~* P( d* v/ ]" A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 [7 t0 M) S3 J# \& P" h1 [
144. Stalling and obstruction2 A3 g7 N$ u e( Y# [
145. General administrative noncooperation/ x y. ]" f+ i& E4 P
o5 U# C) \" C$ _4 E
146. Judicial noncooperation
0 A) g; m. W7 C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents z7 }; ]0 \ Y9 U4 O. I
148. Mutiny
6 N, k. }3 y" n- D+ S! Q7 d/ F5 `Domestic Governmental Action: p2 R/ u' p6 D
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 @4 o4 J, z2 m+ N
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( w$ V- n" V2 I1 _
/ Q8 i$ ?+ k( EInternational Governmental Action+ i" d, C1 S7 [/ j0 B3 C$ }
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ p2 m& D6 _, ^& p" |7 p 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" n2 V0 X6 K2 V 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) H# ?# r- v. W) {
154. Severance of diplomatic relations: t8 P0 Z9 O9 e2 j6 i2 G
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 S# \. {* k/ o( M 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
u8 k$ P( D1 T3 b/ L4 | 157. Expulsion from international organizations; N: ~: z( Q" J9 Z! h* c$ I
1 u0 P$ C) [8 n7 ^" d+ c3 w
* c f% `8 m. \' ?' H
, R" E( u& b: KTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 M( p$ D, `$ E D6 b- ?1 r
& @/ M0 [3 O* C& v3 v- V
& [' u+ i1 M, N5 Z( pPsychological Intervention5 L3 `$ t( r: p
158. Self-exposure to the elements
! M0 k1 D ^9 M) @8 q9 n% x6 ~ 159. The fast
" Z; L k; `8 v9 P- p% | a) Fast of moral pressure. I) O7 N* @# y( ] L
b) Hunger strike% {/ }% o3 G9 o, o0 Z
c) Satyagrahic fast+ W& u9 N' |6 q$ Y
160. Reverse trial
) i/ i9 j9 E9 m5 Q& A8 D$ O 161. Nonviolent harassment
; ^7 P, A5 _. }1 k' C& H
* ]8 |3 `) v2 g8 E- A3 u. pPhysical Intervention
# ?+ g: b" ?# ? 162. Sit-in
7 n* r. j* T& Z: ?" Y! O 163. Stand-in
+ }" C5 \4 Y6 V0 F5 ?) ~* G9 q 164. Ride-in
; Q6 ?+ L- x- Y 165. Wade-in5 e% L' B8 r& S: b0 E5 u
166. Mill-in0 N/ [% C( D* Q/ ^* G' I6 _8 ^0 I
167. Pray-in
/ N s; E0 w" f5 ]# S 168. Nonviolent raids
2 Y4 `7 W1 d& v) I+ n$ m 169. Nonviolent air raids) U3 s& l/ i2 A
170. Nonviolent invasion) ?4 A9 m$ ]' }# t, S
171. Nonviolent interjection; m! T( L W7 K& m' F4 z/ v
172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 B; }8 [4 Y; b$ r0 V 173. Nonviolent occupation
3 F) ~1 v; R8 s. a, G' O( s# }* e5 I% n$ \
Social Intervention3 O ^7 A% V) L& N# ?( s
174. Establishing new social patterns
: p, J. @( [8 v; P& G: r/ ?' N 175. Overloading of facilities
& ?* e4 M, v# d! h3 Z0 F 176. Stall-in
2 f: J3 K1 s- h1 i 177. Speak-in: h+ N- M3 K/ |- K9 S4 o3 B
178. Guerrilla theater3 f- E& K4 T' b( [, D6 d
179. Alternative social institutions- K+ N! E( m ^& p) t3 T
180. Alternative communication system8 ~3 D) H: {; N2 ~ i' ~
, d! ?& P& Q3 g* U
Economic Intervention4 n3 J8 l2 k4 l, C. p2 z
181. Reverse strike
0 g9 b( @8 {: f* I 182. Stay-in strike/ y- _. ]' @7 R% {; Z" U$ h0 M G
183. Nonviolent land seizure4 s7 W/ Z9 d5 |# J! n; ^
184. Defiance of blockades
+ w+ l* v9 v' C& g1 }$ x, d: T 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 \0 d F6 L8 | 186. Preclusive purchasing
2 A; L1 s, _3 T2 M( D$ T 187. Seizure of assets
. _. {3 C) k# ^5 Z# S6 R6 }( z$ B$ r; E 188. Dumping) M! T. ~9 R3 G; }! i4 ^" b
189. Selective patronage
2 b9 }. n& f0 Y/ K# X 190. Alternative markets# [1 D5 [1 f8 E! g- @9 h
191. Alternative transportation systems
$ N! C% W+ Q, [: w 192. Alternative economic institutions. ~7 K. s' t B" Y; R- \6 c
. N( `1 W$ ^" `- G" [Political Intervention
6 k% L8 d7 e( ~! E9 _% ~1 F 193. Overloading of administrative systems
( P; ]8 r! W6 |3 R* R8 S0 [# D W& A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
+ a& u+ \2 ^0 U# U; {6 J7 R( Z 195. Seeking imprisonment% B) ~9 P0 `# J4 p% e
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 c0 l7 j9 ?3 s4 W
197. Work-on without collaboration
6 Y& U2 T) i' i- U' a8 F: N 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
