 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 _3 o" p3 F3 D9 K( e
Formal Statements1 J7 K e. s; R `1 n5 A( C
1. Public Speeches
4 l/ @, E8 p q4 ^' j m% s; T' f 2. Letters of opposition or support' p& G/ n7 N9 p7 r4 i& w" R4 x- q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) O* i& Z* x3 l1 C# E2 N
4. Signed public statements
& R! R: Z- \% a4 k9 N# Z* } 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ C- a" `5 t; ] 6. Group or mass petitions
' i( S# d. A5 q* U# |9 |( q z
0 I3 B* }$ @& P- G, B* M2 JCommunications with a Wider Audience
( z' l. p# D( D5 C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
J" _* h6 a5 M5 z' R* p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ \" z: n5 B: w+ l/ n' l) t0 }
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: q$ G( ^' z0 t3 G
10. Newspapers and journals$ Z) x, \! i/ L2 Y
11. Records, radio, and television# N- n# K1 t- {) o9 l
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 l/ n' d- m- w* Z+ M! e
5 X7 A K$ T- oGroup Representations$ c& Q8 P l" `5 U: e+ Y0 s
13. Deputations
$ P8 G# k+ N! m2 Q 14. Mock awards8 f! X# m/ f7 P3 d% P
15. Group lobbying
7 C; j0 \5 Z& i/ I4 J4 S7 b3 {$ C* X' H 16. Picketing8 J& m m x3 L- k
17. Mock elections
5 P: j: R) j$ \# O6 v
" I/ Y5 Y- c9 Q/ N" rSymbolic Public Acts
: z. }9 N8 z. o8 o( z( d5 e) a1 y/ a2 Y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 y d" }( e- z, ]
19. Wearing of symbols( t2 j) H" v3 V: [+ u( S
20. Prayer and worship+ B0 \4 d8 A: ~# C a) ^
21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ w) P" H* ^0 l1 Y/ v 22. Protest disrobings% h7 h u. X w& c; M
23. Destruction of own property7 K3 N4 l: ^( t* W
24. Symbolic lights- z- L: i2 C) J+ z* O. ^
25. Displays of portraits( ^/ G7 N5 f) z0 e% v* M
26. Paint as protest. W+ b0 x6 g6 t1 ~3 n$ q
27. New signs and names9 W0 c5 }+ `0 K& f0 T7 g5 |+ {
28. Symbolic sounds
( p. Q* }0 X1 s, @1 f- D& P 29. Symbolic reclamations
$ L3 ~# o* b: z' @3 m( B1 B 30. Rude gestures
3 m8 p6 u0 l. s4 Z' q+ g" e2 ~' g9 }
, r. l, w$ d' v4 k1 z' g; APressures on Individuals7 f& V5 O4 I0 |! o- O
31. “Haunting” officials
) C: K7 ]4 k) { r) P 32. Taunting officials. u) v8 i* z7 g0 i8 w$ ~; B9 {
33. Fraternization
$ H0 u, }8 ]1 @0 g8 `2 A 34. Vigils
/ S1 k0 \* T9 Y O( ~" h! T( i& M, h2 ?7 K' L8 w
Drama and Music- f) o: h' d* U | [, M
35. Humorous skits and pranks
: [3 d, F7 n1 E& _ 36. Performances of plays and music
6 p/ X$ n1 m5 D& r9 b+ c 37. Singing
8 K9 J! H. n7 [' d! q
/ L$ d4 E4 y) dProcessions
6 k) }! _) g1 ~4 u% O 38. Marches
{ _ ~- j3 g8 s- J& E# g% Q 39. Parades
8 p* ]1 x$ y4 [/ d# y 40. Religious processions
% v+ b' ~& `9 H; C: W# H 41. Pilgrimages# L/ L& K$ n/ G
42. Motorcades
! n( T/ Q* G. c6 t: S& a" ]3 a- S# |* E8 M( m1 y
Honoring the Dead
) t/ T; f2 Y3 Q( \' L 43. Political mourning' u/ S) g! Y. D/ ^) @- ]
44. Mock funerals9 i; I# c3 P% _8 v
45. Demonstrative funerals% ]. a* g3 S+ i+ x7 T" N o& Z
46. Homage at burial places4 t* l+ F# ?4 K, N' P4 g. ~
) h. {; z5 J' |. }; _Public Assemblies
* f: n& ]! F7 F# g b& o( T5 L 47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ ~% n k3 b1 P( N: i5 h 48. Protest meetings
) X4 q' g: [5 ?& w 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ L3 R( C3 g4 j) b) R 50. Teach-ins
% m1 E9 ~ I E1 K% K( R0 n) z: C/ V& ]8 u q' B& U% ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! u! k3 X: Y0 P2 F% N 51. Walk-outs& z$ B/ U+ D2 w5 ?8 W
52. Silence% Y8 E4 V, t4 O1 P% O5 Z( C
53. Renouncing honors
$ b6 p t$ c% Y: C4 h 54. Turning one’s back6 s3 M$ z0 S% H
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8 D2 O: g: V+ C" ?/ @3 A. `
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 ?( t, l- ?1 L, u5 S0 j6 l5 F+ O% d8 C! W
6 n% `$ U7 |) o; Q
; p4 F3 }8 N+ q5 m4 cOstracism of Persons
) D/ i+ _7 b0 |/ `) M- g 55. Social boycott S2 a3 W5 L) g: c, S" k
56. Selective social boycott
' Z1 A9 D5 H- b, X j 57. Lysistratic nonaction7 H7 r9 I1 G1 x1 _# _
58. Excommunication
; m! {) c3 Z5 E3 M- ?" R 59. Interdict
6 m2 k) X0 J, c, m& B9 q/ q. T2 Z5 k, p a" Y9 ]6 B
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 Q4 _. h8 G9 ~5 T* O% i 60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 C! ^/ a K% Z* u/ G6 m' n
61. Boycott of social affairs8 A/ y9 Y: j+ P8 O% {3 ~. t, @, u/ g
62. Student strike
5 x* b& U, A' y) s- V' _ 63. Social disobedience
0 a( u. m! ^2 T3 h% h3 A2 H 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- d2 X+ \+ S6 a$ w0 ^, b" F
" ~/ B z3 q) e4 {' G! j1 IWithdrawal from the Social System
/ x; ]- |. r3 C; z* j& P+ ^ 65. Stay-at-home! r, @+ n- T: o7 i
66. Total personal noncooperation! d5 g4 y: E! v3 p3 `( ]
67. “Flight” of workers
+ r8 k$ m! v+ | I+ p/ e! C 68. Sanctuary
7 A3 g1 ]1 J' T& _+ P6 r1 F 69. Collective disappearance
& S& o) e6 F$ J; {& `- m0 S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 P' k% X; E$ B9 s* P" b( o% u y( }
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% L# }7 H5 m( hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 ~9 C( [6 \' N8 O, X# D5 M" S
& _4 v& ^* Q5 n' S' z6 n 1 f0 p# H/ U. R5 A$ z+ h4 K- Q
Actions by Consumers& P2 [1 ` |% i- C) x/ {7 k% @
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 N6 P4 A; t( M) h/ S 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# v: g& _0 s; r' v3 t4 m, F 73. Policy of austerity
1 R/ B+ S2 E. O* @ 74. Rent withholding1 J5 Q/ n; P' d- q: z* E4 L
75. Refusal to rent) `" T+ V7 f3 b3 r0 X; o) C
76. National consumers’ boycott8 d& N9 D' t, q# j; R+ n4 u1 o
77. International consumers’ boycott
, n+ `3 n/ L" t6 e8 I) a. Q7 L d" g9 U7 p: k. b' y, p3 A
Action by Workers and Producers
: n% B0 C4 I4 R$ M* n 78. Workmen’s boycott
- _6 l+ |& K+ a# J; i2 Y 79. Producers’ boycott
! J; s& t5 w2 [% b2 Z2 W: s) ^1 s
Action by Middlemen
( h% X( l% t* T! h% y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 K, X6 T# K L/ j/ H
7 I* q! [6 I/ m+ ]; S2 T* z, {
Action by Owners and Management. A: a5 K1 S9 o4 G* p
81. Traders’ boycott
5 {+ h! }4 I0 |. U; m, h4 I 82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 I4 _! [/ h, Q) @ 83. Lockout
5 B W1 O3 C) N U% R* _( T 84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 {, l/ ?1 G/ s7 ~1 F! C
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 }- m) ?3 d! t; x1 l
. k1 }4 L; Z/ W* x# x1 kAction by Holders of Financial Resources* C6 J1 r. _6 D7 Y, W z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, ]: x4 A; ?1 U9 \- n& L 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% Q O* r: Y$ s* i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ T+ [- E0 ]. f7 r, k 89. Severance of funds and credit% ~$ Q- d P# ~
90. Revenue refusal: O7 I8 O! w6 `
91. Refusal of a government’s money
% o9 h2 A" f2 Q9 U. Q
+ b% G% z3 d0 dAction by Governments
3 z. f7 U L$ n6 X 92. Domestic embargo
9 C' }. _: j, X ^ 93. Blacklisting of traders/ q H, U9 u2 O
94. International sellers’ embargo- {: A, L- a# i8 g2 B
95. International buyers’ embargo' `3 _" J# g/ |# ^) y; f/ j0 w' z
96. International trade embargo4 K& [& P6 l5 N# K5 G) H
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7 l+ p# z+ I" m8 e* h7 k' Q) F
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, | T8 K# O/ @6 M5 L: R
& J1 a( G# S% c( H
& {/ d, Z8 e$ U3 c$ xSymbolic Strikes
. L; z2 R3 A. G7 p, s6 A0 Q 97. Protest strike9 h9 R$ N& _* J! z* m% y8 `7 I# _
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ i$ @# B) C; a
- J, `! U, U' h' @Agricultural Strikes. j7 g2 w& O; u
99. Peasant strike
: B1 H8 d; M8 P0 D" m8 X 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ ^+ a( z/ q. O6 Z9 R( |1 z% J0 }. p# A4 U7 S
Strikes by Special Groups# X* V2 w$ K l: {
101. Refusal of impressed labor1 A8 `0 H6 [7 l! |$ G
102. Prisoners’ strike
! w5 s, I* z; v+ S& n 103. Craft strike
$ N# f& M( _$ ^3 n5 X' t- P3 O: F 104. Professional strike( C; W# N0 _. a5 C/ h
4 x+ P: B3 m: Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 e6 y2 {" l- f% ^ k0 J' \
105. Establishment strike
$ L- z/ g! u. y9 b/ c8 e 106. Industry strike
$ p% f o- T3 [. K, J+ w7 u 107. Sympathetic strike
0 j3 Q) M8 V* S, i. Y: `+ e7 l) H* U" b O2 W
Restricted Strikes) S; ?: N" S T1 Z3 ]
108. Detailed strike
6 ?6 X! a, N I( i; C& f' ~; a' j6 M 109. Bumper strike
& u, w* X8 L) g& m0 Y9 T 110. Slowdown strike+ m z5 L, U$ o
111. Working-to-rule strike
. I" z* }: S( D% g- C 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 n {' f( i8 M+ K( H- d. _( M5 Z
113. Strike by resignation
+ T4 j& p! d C, w2 g. p 114. Limited strike
# X8 q* C9 k% O" X 115. Selective strike a6 |- b* ` o" Y& K9 L* ^
; x( V# A S) g9 P+ {Multi-Industry Strikes- f1 w7 U* I0 G; S2 @ j
o( D1 d& @% Z9 @1 F# M7 i. {; ^ 116. Generalized strike
6 F* v2 @; a! W; i9 k9 H+ n
, k, J/ g4 F; V8 } 117. General strike
, d. o( T$ _% {! j" E4 m& A, Y7 e% @9 B5 S3 E% p4 _! h$ a
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ b( U$ Z0 k0 A* `4 F) E! U' ~3 q8 K1 h8 S) y
118. Hartal
+ u* J9 ]. D G6 V$ D/ @! _) H2 _, n6 T0 v7 b. z
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
8 ?. C% B' ]7 Y; B. O5 T7 i8 ]6 ]8 k$ e) ]$ l) g3 G, D0 n$ }9 ] n
/ a! W/ q- e* |( [* v8 x! gRejection of Authority
; {' ?$ ], y5 C1 s! O! | 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" V. \0 p3 x3 X) X) z 121. Refusal of public support) i2 ?7 C5 j1 d- D
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 K2 w6 `& Y1 p9 n1 }5 H
& i1 B$ X: T9 _( [! z( {
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 Q7 U/ A( s! c* v 123. Boycott of legislative bodies- N& Y1 E( d3 L3 C% A. i
124. Boycott of elections. x" `1 W0 @8 R3 K! s
125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 w7 E2 s. l& ^% _* m8 g
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: Q- K% M# t6 E# T- v6 t 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 M3 U) t2 w0 Y8 [
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 p7 w8 H2 D ?6 A" x
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! k# ~% N7 n) X 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 U0 W; |: E+ w5 j8 G; |
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% N7 ?! |0 V a8 `2 b0 L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) K! q8 q/ M6 }/ S7 s" T$ v
8 R' a/ s" ^5 Z. B* _: ~- M
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience o( ]9 v5 N& S" Y- J; @ c
133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 P$ \+ z$ p2 f
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) n. b( z9 a2 f) z4 t
135. Popular nonobedience# a8 D& k0 ?, o# s6 `
136. Disguised disobedience
: W. |+ m7 P' H/ F! p \$ V2 w 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 H# j2 w( F. v# s0 z8 G! x
138. Sitdown
; \7 @2 q, ?* O7 F 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 S% O% G# @' j( S0 a V8 f 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* u: r' Q# _% M* w" h' I# Z+ e- j 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws i* X! K, T* m2 H+ g; n
) I$ F" m/ u0 H$ F5 F
Action by Government Personnel
8 r: Y }' K3 [$ N 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ l4 B6 E; P8 N4 R" V4 o8 w: q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% Y' g D' P+ p. J1 l
144. Stalling and obstruction
) B) {$ f4 D4 j! z/ B+ L 145. General administrative noncooperation
1 b4 ^; Y+ {( Y2 v3 |' Y
* }& x. _0 S7 U% n" B 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 ]7 o1 B6 p4 t 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! C. Y5 P: J" x0 x+ E/ _# r0 F 148. Mutiny
1 t; Q5 \5 {8 U& }Domestic Governmental Action
. Q$ g; ^3 W* s0 F9 W; U; _' {& d: g 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. d7 `' Q7 y3 p# r- M$ [4 K) w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 r: l, I! [/ x$ @" H, P
" m$ ?4 l3 n7 OInternational Governmental Action! }6 I6 @1 Z0 ]) S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& Y6 P+ s! Q2 i# @
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ G; r8 [2 z9 J6 i 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 [& f2 i; n3 \4 b 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 A5 O0 j/ }% H& a& d% T3 U6 K0 ` 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 j6 F" A6 J9 E; T. o/ r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies4 f$ m4 ?4 m5 p5 }
157. Expulsion from international organizations
! d; O2 V# V0 _/ E/ \( D% n! C. F# Y0 y0 o+ T
% p3 Y2 S) z" ?, m0 H" x: a3 S. j; _" [7 M
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, D" }# o1 F0 I
: |& Z# O$ v, v( z7 h2 v$ [
* |& [" s6 g9 C1 ?' b( ~Psychological Intervention
r( N- ?& W! L9 n 158. Self-exposure to the elements1 ^7 M( `; K/ r4 @
159. The fast
Z0 |5 \( o& o5 m" o- u8 @2 O a) Fast of moral pressure [7 e- \2 u2 s# N. y/ f! s9 {. p
b) Hunger strike
. M+ z1 e, [# s( H c) Satyagrahic fast
% ?- Y" T; m% g, U8 m$ y* y 160. Reverse trial
# S7 n/ r q5 A, B$ e* Q, h9 e( m 161. Nonviolent harassment9 _; e7 \9 `: G ^" Z
, d. V5 x5 C L# W& S0 ]5 }
Physical Intervention. T+ a* P) ^9 W% J! X9 q; s
162. Sit-in- D/ K' x# l* R9 W2 r' o, R; }$ n! O/ q
163. Stand-in
) V% Q, K0 p. {: b 164. Ride-in7 ?: d A! C9 J% D$ {& ]
165. Wade-in
6 q* Z1 j; \! c" I5 y e; G 166. Mill-in
* f. z/ N/ a+ V& v: m+ {' s9 m; h 167. Pray-in
, n" Z+ T; ^# M5 o 168. Nonviolent raids
1 N& _( u$ r8 T9 E- _ 169. Nonviolent air raids) I5 I7 o; w. e: M/ Z7 K: q- M5 ]
170. Nonviolent invasion3 s* }* |. {( j e* g& m4 T2 b% }) C
171. Nonviolent interjection
% T1 X" @4 `3 U% W( _# [( F6 ^ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
, o# a8 a1 |# A! A8 D ]. o8 }8 _ 173. Nonviolent occupation4 c: M" M% S/ O5 n7 H3 t, [+ z
9 M) d1 s/ I5 }
Social Intervention
" N# U3 _& G9 f! o 174. Establishing new social patterns4 k; U( o0 l! k4 }0 [% ^/ p3 n( [9 g
175. Overloading of facilities5 @1 z- [4 A8 X
176. Stall-in" N# ^! u5 H* T# b
177. Speak-in9 t0 g) I/ f5 S* ^/ z# l* I. x: \
178. Guerrilla theater P: c. t5 r T% b; v
179. Alternative social institutions
J6 j; C- i2 [& B" w) }3 s# Z& l& \: Y 180. Alternative communication system
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6 O( E) j3 I" o, A5 @Economic Intervention
' a. l G; U+ ? s0 s1 ]/ N 181. Reverse strike
3 ?; \* s, @$ r" X/ W 182. Stay-in strike
9 H4 v7 ]" K. s( L A0 F8 i. ] 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 @( u; H6 l$ x7 Y3 K
184. Defiance of blockades
' H; ?3 E d+ P) h c5 `/ V! @& V* Z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ Y7 C2 e& z! J6 S( c8 j
186. Preclusive purchasing
, x* `0 n) b" e1 L* C7 U 187. Seizure of assets/ C1 [$ f4 i1 ?" L7 O$ z
188. Dumping1 k7 S8 a M4 D2 @2 t
189. Selective patronage: U! b! r$ G! E9 u* }& ^3 c
190. Alternative markets( I$ J r/ q" @
191. Alternative transportation systems- g/ v, D1 V, z. ^
192. Alternative economic institutions9 p1 c& U/ a2 g) t
, A$ |$ A2 ?- Q/ [# f- f
Political Intervention
- r+ p1 G. y3 i8 n 193. Overloading of administrative systems& w1 d" g- T) D0 y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; j4 T4 M& {5 H6 J1 v' v
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 |. R: l7 e6 U9 ^0 q# c( x 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 a y# ?8 f j3 {* g2 B2 |+ Q 197. Work-on without collaboration
/ o `9 k: h) i% L0 Y* C 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
