 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" o/ h8 w6 k$ B/ tFormal Statements1 s, A. _ }2 O' a$ l
1. Public Speeches
/ F& \: C; P u( z5 r8 l 2. Letters of opposition or support9 M2 Q" D6 w. V; i7 H( x9 g
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
+ D4 z6 ^5 [8 H9 ^ 4. Signed public statements: `) q' L$ j; a6 E
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
' ?3 p0 j/ b" y& ` L3 v 6. Group or mass petitions6 T: q( z5 {& C8 u+ Y
% G o7 } A8 d
Communications with a Wider Audience
! T/ I# K1 \ [: k% k! _ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& z' y0 [0 t- q) f 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; {: t: t0 z6 N5 [; C3 H% U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 f1 p) D0 L: r) |% b0 k9 W
10. Newspapers and journals' I b& W% g/ I4 Z
11. Records, radio, and television
4 ]8 p' y8 c5 @/ V# [+ }# K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 \$ C) L' F* O0 ~ `
' u1 S3 J( ~) R+ Z. \Group Representations
' P' m3 ^7 u8 o; y* r 13. Deputations
3 m1 }) ^1 O" y- ?, d. i 14. Mock awards/ V$ N; a3 v7 O+ L, ]3 w' R# B
15. Group lobbying
# j* h7 y w! q' T! Z8 ~7 g4 y6 B 16. Picketing
+ `* }% C; x3 | 17. Mock elections% n/ ~7 g* x$ T% i
# B& f) E1 `0 j1 i: G; y
Symbolic Public Acts
' O; G7 s- T" w$ E. t 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 S0 \, H: Y4 d6 [ 19. Wearing of symbols
0 q5 t0 k7 ?# b2 t% ? 20. Prayer and worship
" L0 Y+ H2 G2 \" x 21. Delivering symbolic objects
% h1 U. c6 y. e; z! M) Q 22. Protest disrobings! o" e' H6 }/ U+ w! s
23. Destruction of own property
3 g- f6 U( q) m 24. Symbolic lights6 O8 x3 ~1 b( O
25. Displays of portraits
8 M i0 c& Q1 d$ u; K7 J5 t 26. Paint as protest
( f0 M3 {; L/ x 27. New signs and names4 F- f! y: z! Z0 y6 l& q' s5 s. y& D2 i
28. Symbolic sounds4 F7 c- H% w: U. |* N
29. Symbolic reclamations* d. P- T, u7 V, l2 N
30. Rude gestures$ g' U" q5 T' F1 a9 y
3 r0 x w- q5 g( F2 m$ b# ^Pressures on Individuals: I5 ~5 q4 F2 U- K/ c
31. “Haunting” officials# S) X7 Z8 G5 k2 F
32. Taunting officials
# c/ x& Z, ?2 e9 X6 D) _/ S+ H0 F 33. Fraternization' o! }' g1 ^# k2 C4 T7 @. y
34. Vigils
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- V) O' ^1 s" z3 F* f/ t6 qDrama and Music' _6 k5 u6 r; u8 k; D, W: ]% O, B, x
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ f }/ e9 H& P1 e& R1 K y
36. Performances of plays and music
' r% K" i0 D7 l3 h 37. Singing
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2 i0 B: m0 L5 x' C) Z! IProcessions; y1 ]' h% [3 I3 m/ ?) s
38. Marches
( t( q E4 }: ^9 Z 39. Parades
) N: u8 q s4 f1 h- u 40. Religious processions$ A" X; @+ Y" u5 i
41. Pilgrimages
! r9 Z& A. w8 b4 ]7 Y, | 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead' N7 v( q7 f) q+ ^% p3 P
43. Political mourning" H; c% e" |; [5 ?
44. Mock funerals
' P/ ], l/ j1 r8 q' K# n) _$ b5 f 45. Demonstrative funerals- w G2 l* s0 n0 o& u2 x
46. Homage at burial places
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; n6 H" ~, [/ \% xPublic Assemblies4 Q% m5 f @$ p7 ?4 }$ K" d
47. Assemblies of protest or support' Y2 L1 O. K8 z' c4 z- V
48. Protest meetings
/ C8 K4 h3 K) q/ [& A& J 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- Q1 L) l3 y$ \$ A' ?( `+ }+ a
50. Teach-ins: R+ \/ d* z# x* c% V
$ g8 i: H; L" {/ t. ~$ a( U; C
Withdrawal and Renunciation! @6 v: _( ~# o
51. Walk-outs
, X. L1 g5 y0 X( }2 u% s" ? 52. Silence; a0 O4 O8 m* Y: D
53. Renouncing honors1 L' o* n: [1 {
54. Turning one’s back% R% E( \0 x: y1 M) M) }
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 R9 g) S) N4 _! w( m
9 \0 E& K+ h0 D6 P* i$ Z' ^5 |; a8 c " d1 g T- t9 A' l
7 X3 I$ C3 Z# V5 u* j4 fOstracism of Persons1 D/ V O- w2 P
55. Social boycott
$ V$ }1 r0 B4 V' z L2 R 56. Selective social boycott
* v" y( H% }, j5 r3 ? 57. Lysistratic nonaction
, ?6 u) Q" u& X/ t e 58. Excommunication
; f9 _2 l) V8 Q 59. Interdict* _; [, j5 N$ V3 V, v
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions s4 e6 j: {( F- G* C
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% x$ M( g) W9 L 61. Boycott of social affairs1 O3 K* l( Y" s
62. Student strike
% c8 j/ Y: I+ z) X 63. Social disobedience
1 e$ h; }- V, j9 R 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( m' G) \9 o9 ~# Q
7 T( x* f! H, K7 o3 O; {Withdrawal from the Social System5 {# M! A% k7 _
65. Stay-at-home
( E" c2 t0 x% x5 P! [ 66. Total personal noncooperation
* K1 @. E! H9 m# i" w+ r 67. “Flight” of workers. r- d1 g" D# J8 _1 V& g0 J5 A
68. Sanctuary, v7 o1 W7 J6 t4 u
69. Collective disappearance
( X [- B8 ]* c. T0 V7 f 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)( P7 \8 d, X# C8 [# U
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers( j# h, u# ?& N4 u* A/ ~
71. Consumers’ boycott
5 r/ i7 h3 ?& J) [/ k# c, E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods q6 k E. ^# g
73. Policy of austerity- \/ c, }% @$ Y
74. Rent withholding
' Y/ y- ?: Q1 n- P 75. Refusal to rent( c& I- |1 C) N
76. National consumers’ boycott, C' Z2 a1 c0 w6 a' I1 ^9 p
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 t$ p2 t* W* J" `, s$ @% H7 D) c: b% V+ E6 P9 s2 b
Action by Workers and Producers7 {+ Y1 W' E1 J# l
78. Workmen’s boycott
& t v+ n7 n# \6 o4 e, K 79. Producers’ boycott# C: i8 G( B( t' y; `
- [5 b- o* Z+ e( E9 p5 o, JAction by Middlemen& l, c8 e1 V! b6 ^
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 Z* H. n; ]7 W. R/ \4 B. F1 k+ J9 k" p9 b. T) Y) g$ I
Action by Owners and Management
5 T' q; E: F" ] 81. Traders’ boycott
* @ l! M2 m0 u1 d. b 82. Refusal to let or sell property$ }% r8 t% e+ b9 Z3 i( b) Y
83. Lockout. u$ u* h( P% |0 j, }' V
84. Refusal of industrial assistance( x0 p* L1 Q0 X4 B5 R/ c- N1 R
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources9 f! g5 V" w( [( D# p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 N: y$ M. v9 {' o) d/ d
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( P! P {9 N; h2 ]
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest V; @: s- y. a. X+ c& x+ Y3 q: N
89. Severance of funds and credit
5 X" m3 N! M, @ 90. Revenue refusal
. E# a& j7 i: l# b1 i) D* @ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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: V0 Y0 o+ x2 g) k2 f `- oAction by Governments7 ^/ j% r) d8 D
92. Domestic embargo
7 w1 e' V2 T$ y) z 93. Blacklisting of traders
1 {) y9 `8 c1 W. Z% l3 ^" K 94. International sellers’ embargo/ K {. G! b! u% h* Z# |
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 v: o; l8 `9 k 96. International trade embargo
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8 h- u6 c. o8 d2 r) J. s* v6 ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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, N& N# b( E: g$ v/ R$ lSymbolic Strikes/ b; c, _3 B% K- p8 z: d8 Y( ?
97. Protest strike
* [- j8 f0 a% G8 S 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; P" Q x, F8 n$ v. D. J7 Y
; U. p" f j, H& L: cAgricultural Strikes. _1 h" ^0 @* Q, G' @* ]8 Y
99. Peasant strike
0 ?0 `7 Q; P/ m# O t2 X- d 100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ I; F4 W# w, ?$ Q/ ?' r1 m# }# t& K! K8 F2 b8 {+ P
Strikes by Special Groups
3 J- g# ^* Y! U" t$ w. s6 N 101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ C5 P) E0 D1 D( ?- D+ l( r! ?3 c( W0 Z 102. Prisoners’ strike% m6 T% E( D& c4 ~: H
103. Craft strike. o2 u( d- n+ E0 }2 m j' j" V
104. Professional strike
% j s7 s- P8 a5 d
- X, W, k9 f; i$ zOrdinary Industrial Strikes$ V0 W& @ P2 D2 }# L5 ~+ G
105. Establishment strike; W. n0 H. P3 Q$ @
106. Industry strike
1 o! m3 {6 z7 d6 V 107. Sympathetic strike
# _( E7 |, Q# q; t' x- M, @$ o2 q% Q5 r5 Q. \- l4 s8 J) N. x8 r2 j
Restricted Strikes
0 ?- J2 f: t2 H 108. Detailed strike
9 `2 _" I% F' p9 W, L, J 109. Bumper strike/ W$ Q, S) w$ Z
110. Slowdown strike q* o" ]4 `2 T4 n) @$ p P
111. Working-to-rule strike
. T$ i* k8 y; b: q: J 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 p ~: q5 T* ^$ M( w8 E 113. Strike by resignation
: Z5 [ R2 _- a0 ?- T) j- R 114. Limited strike: u: P: Y6 K3 h- V& T
115. Selective strike
) c5 {9 [$ z3 Q" H' c+ `* `9 m. `: ?6 [
Multi-Industry Strikes" u; [. U C& Q' {( m7 |
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116. Generalized strike7 J& u1 \3 N/ R( I4 r
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117. General strike
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& D' ?* P: _8 E4 i9 l }% e2 nCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown4 y# M4 \6 L* a1 i0 e, `
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ {# i, D; B8 U9 w8 D- G3 x3 g
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. N5 P& y7 r( A' j) A5 h0 l+ nRejection of Authority/ e( m& j% W3 `5 E0 o; O( x' W
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ R/ _' C3 }; s8 J
121. Refusal of public support! J0 L8 I; k. g+ [
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% ~/ ?% H9 v$ z. Y" O; d6 G! L& P. I, \4 @- h
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government' s+ f6 z, W6 x% z( g
123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 q3 Y& Y& B7 ]; ^7 a4 m) q
124. Boycott of elections
* ?$ J8 s9 L ]* k4 x) S3 i 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ d) C( l8 t& B4 W9 u 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ E: s& l6 @' w, [+ y0 C/ i
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: F, f2 J; t( E x& i0 a5 G
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 { I; {! m# A2 ]
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; x5 Q- s7 v m' y ?- C
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' t' v5 R8 P' Y. N0 g7 z! S
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) E, o5 o2 z) X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) R! x, G+ N4 B
9 `4 X9 ~* r" ]0 g7 G7 C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ [2 r/ v: H1 U 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& I K4 n2 Z5 L8 {, ?, K! Z& Z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# i. D) j6 w- Z* e. J4 A
135. Popular nonobedience
5 z! [$ [$ L1 z1 v# x 136. Disguised disobedience3 X7 K9 \% i: U5 L6 w6 k! c3 O% I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. t7 o% L! ]! N C- J+ z, g9 @
138. Sitdown+ L/ |% O' U7 X l
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 Z/ Q, R3 i- A* E9 M
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- n& c2 [2 `% |, b& z0 o
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& u, {9 f6 V' `' f, o
/ L$ d1 r# l9 p/ k: p* T0 g- dAction by Government Personnel; N& n5 c( ?% X) @0 N8 _2 S
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 \/ u+ l8 H4 m2 L# `/ [* l 143. Blocking of lines of command and information" m0 ]9 d9 u& }" @( `- ~, @
144. Stalling and obstruction
0 A' I2 P' H4 H4 R, o/ B- s 145. General administrative noncooperation
8 v2 u2 m S# H/ T
- `: x- _% ?0 v E0 P, m 146. Judicial noncooperation
' F# n7 g, ~* l: D& y4 m4 V. N 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! ~1 d& B/ F% T1 L 148. Mutiny
# b3 x& V2 C- H+ {0 b1 R# g4 uDomestic Governmental Action
4 J* ]. @" u& w) u0 M Z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays k: |4 g5 i" [4 e2 i! k
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* P y5 e+ }: K0 f# B5 i+ r2 d
3 c& B% O7 d' Z
International Governmental Action
. X" {' T1 }/ }/ h' L7 n2 _" t 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 O1 s6 D7 c7 l0 V! F9 q" X; B 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# f/ i3 t- x& v
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ a/ X2 B1 U7 ?+ i, b
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ v% s2 N! A4 a8 D4 q! t# V. k7 D& m* G 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# L) c: |1 W8 n1 X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 i& z. B+ M3 _4 k0 Z4 ?
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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7 I% @ s2 c" _& c# m9 }2 Z& e7 L3 GTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# R* r6 r2 @2 ?" A
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Psychological Intervention, ~2 R9 H: ~6 F0 j4 L! h
158. Self-exposure to the elements( V" o8 C# X( }9 ^0 M
159. The fast
" S, r( ]) }! V# E a) Fast of moral pressure
$ j$ k, K2 X8 v- T4 G b) Hunger strike, I. P1 }6 ]$ a2 e% e% t
c) Satyagrahic fast6 |$ w4 U% B8 Z. C9 ]& ?
160. Reverse trial1 [- @' y4 R1 x+ V
161. Nonviolent harassment
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; z, M4 y: O9 ^$ W) h, OPhysical Intervention* G1 e6 |: {+ m* d1 @
162. Sit-in2 U) A. g2 W" S; h: U/ s; s
163. Stand-in3 B* X( X* a$ V7 x
164. Ride-in1 ^7 Z0 m/ a' v7 P, o
165. Wade-in
" Z& u1 e2 h& L* ^! g- w 166. Mill-in( l9 r, a# K2 @* n
167. Pray-in5 _$ K4 L; g5 B* d
168. Nonviolent raids& i+ n# x4 j+ {. Q! `' B
169. Nonviolent air raids' ]- B& i* \' m# w; \. ~
170. Nonviolent invasion
% m* C+ ^8 Y6 G4 G* _1 p# l 171. Nonviolent interjection0 j$ f+ j2 S8 G" |1 q
172. Nonviolent obstruction) A2 l& X, w' n! `+ o! V# R
173. Nonviolent occupation% Z! p" `, }2 ^. S0 U/ f# q
+ K/ D, ?- R7 C$ OSocial Intervention& \2 j5 v! k" P7 z7 [* [
174. Establishing new social patterns% ^2 K/ @8 H8 t/ g8 X
175. Overloading of facilities
0 L# Y0 t. i; t5 k# _ 176. Stall-in) Z) Q# l" {. Q
177. Speak-in1 I( n# D; z- o4 q
178. Guerrilla theater
- J2 ~: k% ^" h: I+ I 179. Alternative social institutions
* m1 `: A9 z6 c* Z! C. w5 Y$ }0 ^ 180. Alternative communication system; {. }& q6 [9 U9 P5 O# v0 \
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Economic Intervention
5 |! X; z4 ?3 v) @' @ ^3 {# H5 U! n 181. Reverse strike
5 S! e8 I* F( _1 K( [- M 182. Stay-in strike
7 _0 S" w& l& S' | 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ a3 A+ N! R6 V/ ~: `3 z% R6 m
184. Defiance of blockades E4 W, t0 I2 k8 w' ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% \" M! d0 S. \7 M 186. Preclusive purchasing" d8 ]( Z, q$ R$ N0 B# |. [
187. Seizure of assets, W' T* ?4 C5 G' M' b, I
188. Dumping
4 q: h/ j; @5 w3 O 189. Selective patronage: Y; n: }1 z+ p
190. Alternative markets
y9 H( I% j, d0 g9 u, I5 _, E 191. Alternative transportation systems: U* ^* A6 d0 o6 A4 z
192. Alternative economic institutions1 M& |( o2 u6 S6 M' F
8 {: S+ {- l# ~% v7 m
Political Intervention
A& ^- v- q9 k e$ @ 193. Overloading of administrative systems! e1 e+ C$ D" p7 c" K
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: J' q. u; [8 Q4 R! S% N 195. Seeking imprisonment
6 V7 O& ? n: j5 v5 \ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 Z& i! I! R1 k/ `/ h
197. Work-on without collaboration% K+ C6 p4 v" t4 D5 }& a
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
