 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 I& x0 [0 l- M) P/ G& N3 [Formal Statements
# g2 d% g4 a) l$ Q 1. Public Speeches
6 V- H. q* |" z5 ]9 l' G3 f 2. Letters of opposition or support5 m1 d# R) w3 |9 o, A1 T" K
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' |% h% {! v" f! S" M8 I
4. Signed public statements' ]" H* ^$ K: o/ S4 @* @7 r
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
; k" x, m! N1 q s4 I 6. Group or mass petitions* [$ [' }* V9 l0 {2 p7 Z2 a& K5 Q9 C5 E
6 m# @& F3 j3 QCommunications with a Wider Audience
. j, z# x1 [0 P% M2 | 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( q9 e5 _. {" \
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& u( S5 K. I$ e 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 u+ i" q1 T, K
10. Newspapers and journals7 b, {& B) y0 ]: V& L
11. Records, radio, and television p; V; Y; n$ i
12. Skywriting and earthwriting- J3 _& ` K* Q" \6 }
" ]/ G, E3 z: i$ {0 O2 l1 nGroup Representations
" V- |5 j. T$ ?2 I. C+ c 13. Deputations2 Y; Y) b/ W5 l3 y) G4 M* E
14. Mock awards
/ g) d! a+ K D 15. Group lobbying
n& z' t5 K4 E! k, Z- i 16. Picketing
* i# M7 V$ B- U- @4 q$ C 17. Mock elections! F1 o1 g+ V8 i% z
0 ]$ H' M+ l" j* aSymbolic Public Acts
5 z5 v& {. C. Y' @, h4 { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% n, }! L; i' Q8 [) _0 N5 v1 g! ]5 ] 19. Wearing of symbols6 p* ?$ H' M5 L% p$ [9 x3 L
20. Prayer and worship" F2 n" u3 {5 a
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ E x6 S5 P- }, Y* I
22. Protest disrobings4 t) b6 n' n( V# f J
23. Destruction of own property4 K9 A* A& ^4 c8 S. W" K7 A% w, a' u
24. Symbolic lights
' L1 z, m, Z+ ?1 h, H2 {, ^ 25. Displays of portraits
7 M4 f2 o; y1 ?; g: z! K- D 26. Paint as protest1 r) b" U& \, d4 q
27. New signs and names0 G' k. M: x7 A' v* u" F! F, D
28. Symbolic sounds ~' S p% V# Q% W* I
29. Symbolic reclamations
2 {( W1 R, t1 Q$ F 30. Rude gestures* w q' d/ Y. D" }* \( q- T
9 g. W' A% v! g1 A/ T* U0 O
Pressures on Individuals
+ c/ c( d2 u# a" Q G2 N 31. “Haunting” officials
0 B" Q+ \( [4 P: f 32. Taunting officials/ T0 j: k6 o2 ^; l2 D/ y
33. Fraternization
; M: k d4 Y) o1 A* t+ Z 34. Vigils+ w; A6 p' s$ f
! o# D; J S9 w+ h1 }Drama and Music3 e" g( Z; [. ?' s) V% k- _$ N
35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 |7 D" e% V9 k P1 F A. d 36. Performances of plays and music9 O% y% Z `0 Z
37. Singing! _4 r1 U$ I" L% |& i
( Z! P6 v: Q$ |+ Q" ?9 uProcessions; X: x, S: Y9 V3 A# e
38. Marches
2 r3 v4 B; H4 W 39. Parades
* ^5 l5 @$ g( M8 o0 S4 B 40. Religious processions
: G( G" |' J2 L; @, e. S1 @. ^ 41. Pilgrimages3 M( U9 |8 ]( [1 A9 d
42. Motorcades
9 p( E) N8 y- Z" t1 m- P% P( l; |6 X* b W7 U+ a, p2 z4 J+ G( ~
Honoring the Dead
: B8 B* ?; \* S0 X- @' O% Q* ` 43. Political mourning N% i" Z9 U. T- w2 ?: g3 S
44. Mock funerals2 T o, {$ v" d: F% ^# G0 _
45. Demonstrative funerals
4 g r7 E k5 Z 46. Homage at burial places+ f% U' o/ b/ _( ^, P/ O" b
. J) `2 [8 K9 x9 GPublic Assemblies
9 K4 Z8 |9 K7 @9 c5 ^ 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ K1 I- o9 x! a# q( k: E2 k% W) D0 C
48. Protest meetings
7 b6 I/ { @- s, D 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 ? } Q" F/ u w2 Z9 I- v
50. Teach-ins0 v* J \$ v" |3 a7 n
- [7 @8 l. j. ZWithdrawal and Renunciation2 [( H0 d3 T6 `3 N: P2 m
51. Walk-outs
2 R: t$ h& s% P8 b K. V 52. Silence
) q2 `( U; S4 `4 b' M+ o 53. Renouncing honors+ o F, y+ b+ i' ]2 E
54. Turning one’s back
3 e0 T% ~6 W+ m7 [
7 J2 J# n0 b8 K7 Z6 o" y! x
9 ^& F( @1 \% d5 ~) _9 n4 I( n: ]$ I6 u
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! X# o$ X( R* K1 a+ Z
8 _/ n" f s) c' A+ p
( u% V% I. |+ w8 b5 R% K
, B6 ?* D: ^. `6 z6 h& C" }2 {Ostracism of Persons0 U0 P0 t& X4 r+ {6 f% k
55. Social boycott
3 t4 k8 E6 y1 \ 56. Selective social boycott3 y3 L2 n( Y/ s# c5 L, I7 s1 v% b
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 Q; D3 I+ p- h% O# c! [) G& r 58. Excommunication
& C5 s# H# X9 C2 |9 M4 E 59. Interdict M. J9 r6 l/ I
, M, m% [" Y* @' d
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 a% F+ h; F; A
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# ~* s1 B1 _+ K1 v 61. Boycott of social affairs. b; G+ a6 B1 w8 s
62. Student strike
9 D+ V/ r! a. B; Q1 X 63. Social disobedience
8 j. @) E$ b; K) S6 ^: `) U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* a3 b6 ?' j/ o
$ ^" p' d1 b( I
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 U2 |6 b" v3 W9 Y+ L% D 65. Stay-at-home
! M4 w5 O% |- w, B 66. Total personal noncooperation
1 Q: F& N1 [* O 67. “Flight” of workers
& h' [1 Y. I/ \; I" M9 n 68. Sanctuary, E5 F/ O& u$ @ A V3 ?" O
69. Collective disappearance
" C0 U% d; ~* w8 z3 Z- K! E 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
* h) j% V& ]8 O. z# ]0 j: O/ }0 ~3 l7 i1 e5 R% n+ m
9 e" W+ ^& {; U; u
$ d) T3 i$ c! D% t- }" kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# Y. |& z2 f8 ^+ b
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Actions by Consumers1 N( f# d" {2 L8 y, H9 a% }
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 n. B2 ]% ^8 o' P) S* A/ R1 |) o% ] 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 s0 p7 y6 X! A7 O+ b7 J 73. Policy of austerity3 A& F/ g" u" S% Z
74. Rent withholding! B* p, ~# [' s) S7 n" d
75. Refusal to rent
! z8 k. ]. r: P, _( N# ]$ k! d 76. National consumers’ boycott
2 S' {/ a& h4 L$ U/ J4 c. Y 77. International consumers’ boycott v& J0 Z4 c6 j0 f; D
; ~& r p+ f+ L) _. l |Action by Workers and Producers
0 X# r- E& r1 e, h( q: m8 ` 78. Workmen’s boycott
" y' w1 D) O. [) Q' a 79. Producers’ boycott
) n+ O& p# f* {- d/ m4 H
& i& b/ ^" N v, @# x- h$ |Action by Middlemen
5 g i5 o1 m: v" I 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; B9 [9 I6 c- _) x- F5 }% `5 K
Action by Owners and Management! `8 L$ `; [* v2 w
81. Traders’ boycott
( [" t! P: s4 }' C. @ \; ~ h7 ^* u 82. Refusal to let or sell property% v# b! i" `3 R$ P! N6 D% i3 z
83. Lockout
u, X8 {% O/ @' ` 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 L: A. G! j2 R O5 h/ c 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, B3 ?8 s( f+ h- B1 `
. C8 b/ `* D" T% E( O P- |9 fAction by Holders of Financial Resources3 F2 Y) h, k8 h' I' I* V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 J; n/ y. W8 R* X& D# J
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# P/ J: W+ x% b& |& h8 J0 n
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 K. f7 N6 F( w3 H! }! Y 89. Severance of funds and credit
X, B; H, V, B5 T. Q4 ? 90. Revenue refusal% B( J- C; y9 V" V- \& u- N% @6 Y4 S8 S
91. Refusal of a government’s money
) @8 y8 }9 [/ F! k1 }1 P
) X) j! \ S1 Z6 ZAction by Governments% x2 K; f6 ~& C9 t- p Y
92. Domestic embargo: `, X. P, E9 g+ \0 O( M% |6 L8 t
93. Blacklisting of traders
O# k2 } ]- _1 x& S 94. International sellers’ embargo; f; P& Y! ~" b8 u" q8 e
95. International buyers’ embargo o+ ? Q; q1 x! R6 {
96. International trade embargo
3 }1 Z+ g: F, o9 c+ C2 j2 U$ e: R4 G! R
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! c1 d9 E# i% c! H, Z4 g! ~
. A7 L8 o9 E0 J/ Q$ { 1 y+ K9 ~4 `0 f, G
Symbolic Strikes
0 t+ t" V5 g( B& M3 ^; J 97. Protest strike
" r, r' j U7 Q+ W7 X# J, L 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) ]% E7 |- z0 K' g& |+ {4 n4 S1 y% T% F! f! c4 F
Agricultural Strikes5 {$ a6 x9 o: y0 a2 r
99. Peasant strike
; q- F/ X9 H% ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike& v- H; ? N2 e, V" J8 `
" T2 _( U5 n7 m: V% s
Strikes by Special Groups
" w, x2 H1 @2 P) n% [ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
) q/ L. G1 _- e8 i* j- O 102. Prisoners’ strike3 u/ i- g& G& j5 B
103. Craft strike" D3 F& P$ c' j" g7 F r
104. Professional strike! O4 b6 c! X# P: l
5 m* y0 Y2 b1 J! s& oOrdinary Industrial Strikes
: c0 i8 T' {! g) L7 m( r y* \ 105. Establishment strike
7 h- U( K+ m6 v" L) Y 106. Industry strike/ A0 _: k% t+ x" }6 f/ C
107. Sympathetic strike
0 |1 [0 I# ?0 h7 {8 V3 s, K
. |1 n4 _" s p$ iRestricted Strikes
5 {/ y3 [5 S9 m7 d8 E( ~ 108. Detailed strike, s( x* i: x$ V' _ b
109. Bumper strike
9 C- c* t5 x# [, x( s5 l+ {# e 110. Slowdown strike
1 @4 y0 s% \/ X# N 111. Working-to-rule strike7 x4 j" Z# @, F
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in). V6 t' {) X" S/ y" G2 _
113. Strike by resignation. b. i+ l4 |' @5 S0 C) \ C
114. Limited strike& H8 f7 p0 G2 d6 u: h, W
115. Selective strike- @% O$ l0 \' u5 b- x0 i6 _- C: Y3 w
2 ^2 [" u) {% S
Multi-Industry Strikes1 L/ k0 d2 w5 D8 A
1 S$ J) \8 f) P0 L" j 116. Generalized strike8 u3 k* ?+ N* Q% U3 e% u+ N
E" R* x4 m$ n3 s! O
117. General strike" p' D$ E8 o7 z) u. c
/ i4 h" P+ ^0 i0 NCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% j3 F& p4 { D8 j( B( l/ N6 t6 Z0 F- n
118. Hartal
; Y1 ~0 b; [2 v- I. m* Z9 c1 n
3 k) ]' C; z" ?; h3 V 119. Economic shutdown
% J3 V1 E2 j& ~9 f0 ]/ L) f. B' m3 h# }# {
0 n1 d% ]6 v. t
6 U2 @0 p8 y d( j( L3 S3 T: D' `THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 Q. Y0 T. S+ ?+ Z" ]: {! Y5 kRejection of Authority% g; f% k/ ?+ m' A% S5 c
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance" ^& a8 }) |6 W% C6 T
121. Refusal of public support
, u" r) ?0 E7 K9 R+ r/ ` 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 y N+ M) r$ \8 z6 X- z8 O1 \/ ]* E3 \
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ F5 j/ _! X8 \2 c7 ~ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies' W0 m6 o8 b" `
124. Boycott of elections
) Z% X5 S' T. \% ` 125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 j# A- Z5 r" n7 ], I
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ a# r+ `( J4 O$ _" s8 m
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 z8 W" l e8 W
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. |! p+ s+ |4 g3 _/ {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 S$ \; U6 C# o8 E' b
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 x" I. Q2 |9 A& Z% ]. v/ E
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' }2 f4 u+ H' d" x9 h3 h1 _
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
: [& @ B% Z7 l) `
6 z5 \# t5 R$ A. r+ q" Y) OCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 {: v, M6 v) m' m% t 133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ `% }7 `" Z! \& e6 ^; B! w
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' m+ `6 K4 e% ? ?" W: u6 Q% b. c2 f 135. Popular nonobedience' r0 m; l" h# w# @" l
136. Disguised disobedience7 S e5 x0 ?6 K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) D' ^/ v1 z# |
138. Sitdown
# y& g. t# U9 T) n* u: ~; c 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 W; E0 D. O5 Z: L8 s. Y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 [0 ^% r V% N% z$ q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' X, }1 ^7 |' P! e6 U
/ P- Q' y' g; V6 q' J+ WAction by Government Personnel+ c) ^! G% J1 R) X* y; \
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 @; S2 C+ e8 u 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. n0 {& X3 f. A' z% V 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 ?9 ~+ G3 z0 T 145. General administrative noncooperation
3 @3 ?% r# e) u4 P; y$ g3 n, q7 t$ U* ?+ q3 S& b& g4 T
146. Judicial noncooperation+ X; F- Z% @+ ]9 H+ w
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; {6 T, Z h2 V6 N! b
148. Mutiny
" f, G7 j& s* x+ P3 D2 @Domestic Governmental Action
; [2 r2 e; F* u9 O 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- H# A3 R$ z/ B. m! ?* i- p
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 x/ |' I$ y% [+ x4 \7 h! _: W2 L7 C- e* T. R
International Governmental Action- k, p+ f. @1 ]- q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 c( r8 v$ i3 g+ i/ h 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( r$ h2 s+ D* F' X/ D y6 x/ x7 N1 t 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) x. T8 t% ]6 S2 ^, x( } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 T& y& S. c8 i# L# ^) \/ @ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: r5 V# o$ l- V1 |" R; i7 y4 h 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, P; `# T' t! ?! h) W
157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 Y7 ]- k' r2 N: ?$ [/ _% Z6 r' u- u/ k2 C& f9 D! R. o
4 S9 A# w. n, e
8 d" Q9 z+ p$ fTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* m/ d% z; V b: f9 Z' p4 ~& S" B
. l% @0 Z" _4 Y' g3 S / B4 E! p% D H+ x
Psychological Intervention
& H+ B/ z E% j+ Q( Z* I 158. Self-exposure to the elements
% Z+ E0 O8 Q3 X; V& P2 l 159. The fast
; Y% G1 B) ^2 ]! c0 O& ]7 {/ ^8 u a) Fast of moral pressure2 M" ?" b4 I- V
b) Hunger strike
4 W! H1 `$ V a4 O( l u5 l c) Satyagrahic fast
8 {& S9 g6 Y3 i j* w 160. Reverse trial
. d2 n' v& P2 r1 O' i1 X) r 161. Nonviolent harassment) a2 l! m& I9 q! b
- J" R9 [: {. \, TPhysical Intervention
' u+ i6 A1 G8 N2 t; E. J 162. Sit-in
( U6 ]: J5 \4 a+ o 163. Stand-in; u! @/ U1 n4 z; x
164. Ride-in
9 l4 G* t" `" H4 @3 ]* s. y; \ 165. Wade-in" P4 k+ w/ `& e/ N' D, j
166. Mill-in" `1 ^& L7 g7 W* i
167. Pray-in- z+ {7 F$ g; w. b, O
168. Nonviolent raids
$ D U3 x: f. D. ^# b 169. Nonviolent air raids5 P1 J* ]% Q$ N6 M5 ?) ?! S: z
170. Nonviolent invasion
, d6 H( F' @. L% P; M# A 171. Nonviolent interjection
0 Q2 N" x% Q _' `3 \. \ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 a. n) l9 L3 [ 173. Nonviolent occupation
4 A+ _+ N% E8 G
/ R1 U+ Y0 [( Q/ |- A8 NSocial Intervention3 i0 x% s3 f: H* C" V' |/ s
174. Establishing new social patterns
& R1 C5 ?' u) t) y2 Z, y [! Y* _! K 175. Overloading of facilities# x4 v+ N t" Q! f
176. Stall-in! l; k) d& Q0 n/ G9 ~& a/ D
177. Speak-in
1 E B6 C9 n# X; t7 z V& l 178. Guerrilla theater" q8 K7 z: \+ m* z; M$ M/ Q, y
179. Alternative social institutions
5 J$ h0 D2 i1 {6 q1 X) d* b, O. H! `* D 180. Alternative communication system
5 a4 [8 A& V5 i4 r4 a/ p! `; ^
' X# k4 s# [' `5 T/ ZEconomic Intervention
7 Q) y" D, n, s3 i1 k# O. K 181. Reverse strike- w) O. x( r+ \3 L/ q0 W: K
182. Stay-in strike
' _& S( W" x' B3 C2 n4 L2 y. @5 O4 i 183. Nonviolent land seizure) b" L8 j6 b$ v h" q+ A+ H" L
184. Defiance of blockades5 q3 `1 h* \) F8 ` f$ p M
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! X3 f* z9 P1 r& b. Y x# r1 I6 P 186. Preclusive purchasing% o7 p- A: z% Z2 ?
187. Seizure of assets+ ?$ j1 U2 g: E- _
188. Dumping
: R, K" L& @8 n1 i4 i/ g; q# e 189. Selective patronage$ i% w; {- a. \& D1 m* L3 v* v
190. Alternative markets* I" }0 d! A8 B5 `
191. Alternative transportation systems6 t" [* x& T5 ~8 \5 Q' F- j
192. Alternative economic institutions( T5 s7 n2 d8 G, u, _
0 [ [' ]6 B, T' J* |Political Intervention: L9 ^8 J0 ^! x8 @3 r* G6 B
193. Overloading of administrative systems" e K4 S2 P% d2 \
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 n" m2 f6 O4 u7 C
195. Seeking imprisonment
5 ?2 C2 y. D/ O% y5 f0 ^! q9 V 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 O7 N. E) M0 A% i3 {" C 197. Work-on without collaboration5 j) t o7 Z* ^% C; _! F3 W' `
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
