 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: y1 k+ m! I# W1 j! s4 J
Formal Statements
- ?* v0 \- n. ~( H+ D 1. Public Speeches
+ w' e, j0 [# q) ]1 n* U 2. Letters of opposition or support
1 E2 D( P; O+ j 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 ]3 @! Z6 V* L) [7 ] 4. Signed public statements
2 E& G6 ]7 x" \, k* X 5. Declarations of indictment and intention% _6 l) h& ?. f. y$ I: [
6. Group or mass petitions9 i, F/ t, ^, _5 X: a- z5 w
, _ t1 e9 D3 @/ @
Communications with a Wider Audience$ g: a" F! ]* @' a7 S* z& X( ^
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ l: N. U' |$ J, A
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" N+ }- R5 K$ Y" c, p, U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& P- W: r5 d7 u3 w 10. Newspapers and journals
. R# ~: O# t' n3 D: X 11. Records, radio, and television
, c( \! D4 v: P+ C8 r 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 k0 u( E+ h1 O
3 l# w; v( k+ R; H# y; y/ }Group Representations
% k; d' M8 a$ o& J, S& ~) N3 w 13. Deputations
9 w2 M6 w9 R+ E5 O; ^' C 14. Mock awards. m k6 x4 Z) ?. T0 w
15. Group lobbying
5 k* S' d: i3 z* U Z0 V2 t1 k! J2 C 16. Picketing3 `( f. ~5 M7 G7 C- _
17. Mock elections
; r& D v4 O* K1 n0 W" O' g" d0 i) J" \. B; K8 j
Symbolic Public Acts8 I7 S( B9 C- K0 N t
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 F+ n/ g" H. B
19. Wearing of symbols
C$ {& i3 _4 S" k8 H# C$ `# K5 E 20. Prayer and worship
; k* `" g ?( X" |+ _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects8 n) Y) O9 J% Q; B) W. c- ]6 J
22. Protest disrobings
0 f$ J& i& R( v5 j: I 23. Destruction of own property
3 @1 `/ x% c% m5 G/ t O- e$ N. r 24. Symbolic lights' M# M% M' L* N* h: T+ @
25. Displays of portraits& T& ?8 H3 x4 ]. t/ P+ f+ [# x( z' ]
26. Paint as protest: m/ u% g& J* _, M1 C3 ^3 ]+ f
27. New signs and names
5 f! M7 L; \) Y! Z! X 28. Symbolic sounds/ e- y9 [# s _) }& \
29. Symbolic reclamations
. a1 g8 S5 h% d+ g; ~0 [* R 30. Rude gestures$ f) W9 }% @4 z% @) {; V
2 O9 ]( O+ U9 w5 qPressures on Individuals* V% ]3 h. T6 ^6 T$ |% d
31. “Haunting” officials
+ A$ A7 s. i7 u$ O3 g o 32. Taunting officials
$ O* b* c7 R1 [+ Q0 r9 K* U) v 33. Fraternization! Q' w& {4 m3 _: M3 a" ]- B
34. Vigils/ b- N& [6 B; [! u' Z
" B" K, j. S$ N @' Y% }Drama and Music: g1 \( g+ ]( x: g
35. Humorous skits and pranks7 c7 f& o0 Y; Y5 I
36. Performances of plays and music
: n3 W1 H: v( P: Y+ b 37. Singing$ E8 H. `) J7 `$ |
9 Z P) D6 U M: TProcessions
% U ~* G+ t# o; y 38. Marches
3 {: U# q1 U4 M 39. Parades- |' p7 X5 G6 W ?6 f/ ]9 j( W# c
40. Religious processions- g; R6 E: X* J2 K$ ^6 o! U: @
41. Pilgrimages
: E2 g7 \5 F' v7 c" t- w: M0 @4 ` 42. Motorcades
) E9 J) N% v( n9 D
5 c7 K/ S- j% }% l0 ]/ YHonoring the Dead
( K0 d- ?5 }' y, A 43. Political mourning* o, ]/ z: k+ x, H
44. Mock funerals! I- o+ o9 u; K8 m1 r4 Y7 {
45. Demonstrative funerals
2 E# `# H% d# @# z% | 46. Homage at burial places
$ N) i- l6 l# i7 I% g6 A$ }! }
5 p( K- v( m+ C& u+ _& ]Public Assemblies/ G: Q3 D' V0 J k
47. Assemblies of protest or support
|6 |7 \. g+ w2 a% Y' b 48. Protest meetings
& H% D9 ?$ n z: r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! u/ N( U# _2 R$ H ?, U: \7 S4 r% g 50. Teach-ins
0 H, D' y/ m* N2 z4 G) B3 l: x+ E ?5 t! z; r5 E( E" I
Withdrawal and Renunciation
* t1 {9 A/ e( R" ^; I5 D8 f. D 51. Walk-outs
& K$ Q5 {" ^! S' a4 k9 A; p$ P2 h 52. Silence' E4 H, w9 X9 ] F6 a) r
53. Renouncing honors' D5 o# f& h2 d( Y* j% n* q- |
54. Turning one’s back3 ]& z7 z, p' l& E% @
9 r* [5 ], O8 m _
' k4 J& o5 ?# F
" ?- e- M: h/ U9 f2 T( ETHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 P }' y# `% p% ]* I3 N
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% ] I9 s; }; X! Q9 y! c! A. ~1 [( s
1 D- K0 i, ]. f1 Q; U& h6 Y% \Ostracism of Persons
" c1 T2 M J! e$ H- ~ 55. Social boycott
8 |6 X& P2 o8 g0 ~2 z5 \ 56. Selective social boycott+ M& ~# N0 k; _- i# R+ g
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; W+ N. E- i# i) T( Y 58. Excommunication( x6 ~- v b: c. S) ?
59. Interdict
6 T+ k$ ^" e# T6 r5 y5 {0 [" {3 U$ U5 s) u- J
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& [) Q7 m& d7 Z/ p
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
q. P4 o7 F, S" p/ n0 E8 F 61. Boycott of social affairs0 E- k @ K0 r; I5 H
62. Student strike
/ y8 @5 f1 \8 n' U; t 63. Social disobedience% D& Y3 F8 ]; b. |$ j
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% }5 S; ]7 l5 D6 D' l( ]7 |: @2 ^- B0 t
/ h0 D3 V4 x& b% R0 M7 p
Withdrawal from the Social System
( V, }/ v( P/ X, N: J 65. Stay-at-home1 o/ m8 p( k6 Z# ^; i3 ~) i
66. Total personal noncooperation
' P1 B3 t) @( o: l, Z+ S" c 67. “Flight” of workers! o, q9 O- |1 |5 a! A$ {
68. Sanctuary. n8 w) g; N' J+ J" Z7 [( T
69. Collective disappearance7 O8 H$ `' j, l* B a
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 E. \7 A0 c# {
& ^6 x* e, o- S; V6 @8 i
Z! h& a6 D, \2 Z7 u+ Z G4 L
, U2 K; W# l, P/ ^" ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
' \' K$ J$ G" {0 p- i& B) ?' V- y* f6 ~, ?) G N0 Y3 ?, P I( w
! d! l4 ~& R5 g3 F& f0 I, S$ R# Y0 EActions by Consumers3 m9 z* m8 W' A' i- _, ^/ D9 K
71. Consumers’ boycott2 R7 L: F; T% g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: E' y% a* K" J" N6 ?$ S 73. Policy of austerity& a+ d4 [& g% G s2 g0 c; e
74. Rent withholding6 r& \ j8 P, p
75. Refusal to rent
% u6 T% P! K6 Q 76. National consumers’ boycott0 ]# k4 N! L- T* Q8 |, ^
77. International consumers’ boycott
) m$ H }7 b8 ~0 {/ Y" h- T3 {$ x+ I; `% v
Action by Workers and Producers
* a6 J0 z) x0 \ _+ I/ z 78. Workmen’s boycott( h! x5 W0 w, D' C! s
79. Producers’ boycott* l6 ]7 Y, H% `2 G0 r
/ n$ O* n( h. p) f9 _Action by Middlemen* ]' n' t: m! ~8 S
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! N2 ? X9 k2 q1 m: _3 T
0 I) b: [& M: H% L' N
Action by Owners and Management E! D$ ]% T$ T) I! {
81. Traders’ boycott
' S( @* l p0 J: Q2 Y/ j9 l3 Z' l 82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ z! p! V( \ s$ a$ m" {( ~ 83. Lockout% U: K' J1 s* W2 t" j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 R1 t2 l6 A1 x% Z6 H; s 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
; |; \; G! P) U& m$ a
+ w/ x1 [" k* A" M" r$ [' SAction by Holders of Financial Resources5 P6 P0 R0 Z1 Y Q1 t& I
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits2 Z5 s8 W& c0 d# V4 Q2 `7 R8 @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# ?; A h( L( e- R
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 U- M9 X; z2 E* f; H& R5 X! k
89. Severance of funds and credit
1 `! _, Z @1 I0 y$ g1 V 90. Revenue refusal
" O: f) z4 z* ?! `& |8 _1 F; ]: z 91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 f e2 }$ }; Z
& U' q( D$ A% o0 t1 YAction by Governments
) r; A0 `. M! E 92. Domestic embargo
% J; {. D( R. s: X 93. Blacklisting of traders* g( r. h- p+ y# v2 C( s; X
94. International sellers’ embargo- y% R- v N8 m" S/ U
95. International buyers’ embargo; X' m0 H I$ ^( r7 j
96. International trade embargo
+ ]3 P/ o. U( e9 I9 ~( k$ Y8 j/ ` t; p# Z" Z: p
) x Z/ q% n6 B; y% [5 E7 A( h" E% k4 Z9 R2 m/ f! l y6 M$ O
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
, ^- K2 i+ u$ K( C* J7 y5 ]3 R- B" X% n2 q1 F! C, H" \
/ ~9 h, L& v# t fSymbolic Strikes# X( q! g: P# v6 s% C
97. Protest strike
7 p. v% g8 \; i: o 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 J5 n8 ~: m$ g) T1 J' u7 E3 {) g
% v& b6 F$ y* PAgricultural Strikes
! l- R/ \ m. ^- a% r( i `4 r 99. Peasant strike i; C- _# C9 D' C; _. o$ }
100. Farm Workers’ strike! T$ ]6 w" p, D: |; M* i
& e# `) r4 o( p" b8 C0 I
Strikes by Special Groups
. W* V/ [) D: H9 ]1 ?! u" B 101. Refusal of impressed labor+ @( d( Y4 I0 u, R! v
102. Prisoners’ strike
& R9 d0 C2 u1 P* v 103. Craft strike% w4 K6 v3 [. C9 q
104. Professional strike
6 G5 ^3 t1 y7 K; ?- g5 ?5 S! P% @& L2 }' o; A
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. Z! A, s( E$ f" ?# i 105. Establishment strike, ?" G; Z" V U5 b
106. Industry strike
5 K; w; l: F$ m+ H5 [0 r! z' E& E 107. Sympathetic strike
L5 z6 Z' H3 y* {! `+ R1 _3 u' a e# r4 o3 f- u2 L" w/ M
Restricted Strikes
+ ^& `- Q0 k& m! h) d( h 108. Detailed strike
% l" ^7 r5 o# H( D! o2 s# U' w 109. Bumper strike& k" h( i3 R- M/ p( I9 @
110. Slowdown strike
% F; H, Y: T$ C; P1 l" O: g 111. Working-to-rule strike
8 }' ?! l+ _& L4 |' i4 o- B 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& E+ i+ F; ]$ j( L% L/ Z
113. Strike by resignation
; c$ E8 ?: n9 l1 T, Q. e 114. Limited strike1 G8 A+ p4 }2 @
115. Selective strike
7 h# I; _" ?- {
Q4 N- S) q+ _# y# pMulti-Industry Strikes
+ O. v: `: X$ V- Q5 @
) [ l0 _6 Z- I: @: l9 u 116. Generalized strike
% q) Z' `+ o" o, m/ D$ T3 u% h( U" o' ?/ o. u
117. General strike
% v/ B4 x, L" `+ R5 C- w
% ?) y6 l6 j* |/ }! t) ?* ^5 _Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ w6 }9 j! l* v# y! v% V
4 r9 Y9 i2 h+ R$ Y& s5 r8 V& E 118. Hartal
; H3 `# Z) I h* ]) x
: h4 Y$ c) w8 y- U: f 119. Economic shutdown
8 M" r. u, l- o( {, b# ^/ A2 n" D2 j! L, j7 [8 j: Z% O
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 {0 B& J' u4 M8 A! l9 @+ P" \% W& n* M2 W- T( y# N( \, e
9 t$ C3 X9 F. ?1 D; d {
Rejection of Authority
0 W3 b) I7 m) X6 P7 L5 c# ] 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( d, y+ L9 T+ V X1 R
121. Refusal of public support) L# W5 S8 c% R+ I
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 u7 R/ C: R$ q# i
' U& z& U# J( J, ^' T' `Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. R4 `1 X5 S) d0 `; g% W, s 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% F) x: j$ p7 ~! J; t
124. Boycott of elections! r; I9 C' I- | p6 Y. w
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. i( i1 j/ K8 c) N9 O* S0 O3 ] 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies r6 n2 c" D8 X# f
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% \8 d# @" l& ~7 V! d8 L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 E& @% _! I9 N' `) V3 u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 `' @) O0 W# k- [
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# f. R' H9 Z& g5 d
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' \" x) J3 a+ ~( @. z 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" B( i) r/ n. v/ c
% E0 u! M! F- B$ R0 @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, c* b- f5 |% I! E0 _ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance: S! e$ e! Z v: Q% M3 Z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. ], g9 D, @" `5 j1 [# g
135. Popular nonobedience
' ^3 v( N9 I4 P! L9 U 136. Disguised disobedience( [4 J' ?- H6 F) j8 B
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, j8 m% K" g* ]% |' P2 {; H
138. Sitdown
% }) w: ]3 o* K 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 b+ Y$ l, u2 B7 d% U 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ X3 E5 v( m- E# O9 h* j7 R
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 B F3 H% \! N7 U( b
/ c' N5 P4 y3 c$ K+ K, gAction by Government Personnel
) w- U4 ^1 ~$ D* x 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; H/ B* d# M1 x2 ^0 [0 ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* P( C9 ?4 _- d 144. Stalling and obstruction
7 e: n/ }& L* ]2 C4 W 145. General administrative noncooperation
; ^! W/ Y( i6 T7 U3 X3 ]8 }4 [) Z
, r( q" o2 ?7 N0 G& x' d6 | 146. Judicial noncooperation
9 C5 g! N; U! H5 j. x6 ?; h" V 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents u, u2 G& g6 M* m& o5 M2 G4 v1 N
148. Mutiny
" d5 t# W0 k1 W2 pDomestic Governmental Action
' H: J6 z- q p" O2 ^1 u5 v 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 b U. S. _ k+ r4 @ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ f# @/ S- L+ G$ H7 a: f, e$ Z, H3 r2 |8 i/ a5 Z) N. I# h
International Governmental Action! y( B% f4 | |4 _5 {& J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 f4 C6 L& `- ^, Z( t1 |( ^ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ D# n( r- B8 Q4 J- D# ~' _ b' Z- s+ X 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 e2 I3 \6 v1 |& X! g' D" Z% N7 v! U 154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 v9 M D, |2 O3 L/ f% ~8 t
155. Withdrawal from international organizations) D( H' V! m% r0 J: \" W3 |* p* ^
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% f1 i- g( W! g% ?, v
157. Expulsion from international organizations0 `7 n' W7 P0 h
) Q m$ s) w: {8 i% \, \ : J% l& Q) {, J6 d0 L" F
" a& H( o9 U3 {: O: eTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
# o9 A0 O. w Q8 o2 ^
; |5 @# d9 h9 ? \- Z) R; A % X2 H" Z1 s" v) N; u& m3 t
Psychological Intervention; e5 m# x" R# R9 z. D! s0 C. u
158. Self-exposure to the elements6 M* A- M s8 T# U
159. The fast
( M' [8 G# N2 e0 W6 W" b a) Fast of moral pressure" K7 b G7 |9 w
b) Hunger strike
: D q- U8 e1 r, O* P5 e& W" Z- P c) Satyagrahic fast; v* z- }6 }( _. h; Y- }6 E, n/ D0 R
160. Reverse trial9 c& M" w5 K3 o1 s9 }4 s
161. Nonviolent harassment
" ^3 q% e0 q+ Y$ \
, h( F } J9 R5 |# VPhysical Intervention
5 s- y. y8 n. O- I! W8 w, O 162. Sit-in, s$ L' G+ z9 t/ u- f. M6 Y
163. Stand-in* b8 g, [5 _5 u
164. Ride-in' _2 o+ k+ d- C0 G; l) E- E
165. Wade-in
1 W' Q) @) M2 U* t 166. Mill-in3 L8 H/ ?) T e3 ?
167. Pray-in4 E1 w# Z7 u, z" ~% O, A5 q% P; q
168. Nonviolent raids% t' x. e7 L& H k1 B. s" J% W. v
169. Nonviolent air raids6 m- b6 K1 E/ p( J: C% Z
170. Nonviolent invasion1 s& S, J, ]( i8 P. [
171. Nonviolent interjection+ |0 ^9 d {9 u6 Z! v' g
172. Nonviolent obstruction
" o- d3 K! b0 s. A8 I3 {& c; K( i 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
/ Y# l" b6 b7 H5 T/ e3 Z9 w 174. Establishing new social patterns8 }6 A4 f. E$ ]+ V, q
175. Overloading of facilities4 z+ u; Z. N7 [8 f4 f! F
176. Stall-in
0 L: Z% Y/ y& i 177. Speak-in
7 ~0 N; I# u( {8 a 178. Guerrilla theater( H( `/ C4 q9 ^
179. Alternative social institutions
# \6 A# Y! J) @ 180. Alternative communication system
5 B/ d: P; ~# l9 K2 K; A) l; }' k0 k+ \
8 Y. L3 j' a; w! S, j% p' J' Y) wEconomic Intervention- j1 m' }2 c7 t( W
181. Reverse strike6 o* k1 r( F6 k/ s1 n
182. Stay-in strike7 Z6 [4 e3 ]- N
183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ @- J3 j+ w7 j/ f8 s3 ~* `' I 184. Defiance of blockades; V& m* h, q3 ]5 g7 O+ z7 R
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& _" |# w5 w$ \+ W5 } 186. Preclusive purchasing
% t& y+ P2 M6 I7 S) ~/ v" _ 187. Seizure of assets
" }1 j, O. L' B9 `; u8 P; D 188. Dumping2 r6 ~/ }* e* \" L" |/ m$ C8 y' X/ k
189. Selective patronage
; N' I& v3 t/ E' ^$ S# ^ 190. Alternative markets
/ o' \& b0 V: B) @, E4 T 191. Alternative transportation systems1 W2 k+ `; q8 A8 A9 y- ` X
192. Alternative economic institutions; Y6 D2 ^% G8 I/ K) I
2 k C* X. i1 v1 QPolitical Intervention
% g1 t$ a; {3 s5 b# e 193. Overloading of administrative systems
, [3 i2 H; b/ x" E! C) s" p% e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& P, Q: Y" s t+ V 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 [7 y1 \- T! l" `0 y% I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 q+ U) q* o6 L& D$ V1 d E
197. Work-on without collaboration
v9 S& e" C1 h# B; j4 |% ] 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
