 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; |8 E# B: o! OFormal Statements8 T% ~) Y1 k/ b! ~9 A& w! l
1. Public Speeches2 ?; T3 Z+ R$ y5 U9 o" `# L
2. Letters of opposition or support# p: _9 o+ }) s4 Z1 P
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# \: Q1 N. }& u$ m
4. Signed public statements& D* }& S* L! W, F/ A! e* [" M3 V8 S
5. Declarations of indictment and intention Y" {8 z0 @* Q6 N$ e c4 |
6. Group or mass petitions; x5 k8 m' {) x1 i( a" U
3 h0 H% b$ k+ e) `Communications with a Wider Audience+ |5 j0 [& J. Y& \5 b
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols G( e9 F" i y5 Q
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# L" g) T2 c, E! o- `/ T+ |5 Y { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* x' f$ N6 R2 ]+ ^5 n+ p 10. Newspapers and journals
3 p$ f5 ?$ r ?! b( c2 Q+ ~ 11. Records, radio, and television
- q0 z) Y4 v# B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 ^7 _8 n: I6 J7 V+ y& e
( r# _# r. A7 K3 R' z. a% OGroup Representations
) p5 u P2 Z9 U" S 13. Deputations6 y) e, e T' E. a3 ~: y+ B
14. Mock awards( M5 V- T: b( y4 A
15. Group lobbying5 f. B4 |; I% H
16. Picketing
2 C8 T3 H% r# K" x3 L) J$ }5 G9 H! X 17. Mock elections! p1 w" D" J' ^1 r% m+ W+ |$ _
% U: O& G! S! h' B/ R( O* FSymbolic Public Acts/ o$ k' i7 r5 n/ |* K F! P7 M; Q
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" C! f% O; D$ e2 B q
19. Wearing of symbols; l+ c/ N3 I2 j1 r
20. Prayer and worship
1 b) {. v( v+ H- x- n 21. Delivering symbolic objects: M! r5 [- y* Y- m
22. Protest disrobings; S( ~5 t# B" w4 w' O" ^0 n
23. Destruction of own property
) b( ~' S; O, I$ b- F 24. Symbolic lights8 s7 Z& @' c {4 r5 j- r7 _1 v4 E
25. Displays of portraits& \" s0 }3 L. V" a
26. Paint as protest) o) r$ s: \7 E$ B3 r3 ~0 ]
27. New signs and names1 w" R1 g7 N% b u5 K0 h
28. Symbolic sounds8 A. {3 |' `9 g% t( h
29. Symbolic reclamations6 _3 C6 N3 r7 F+ u7 N" G/ f" ]
30. Rude gestures
# N1 ~8 E$ ]. m: t5 [" q3 G& n9 \! X! j8 T
Pressures on Individuals7 Q: \. e" N/ k. D* S5 c
31. “Haunting” officials6 K* L, S) j' P- l5 |
32. Taunting officials
B' B( h _4 m( D, Z! s' ~ 33. Fraternization0 v& f" |7 b1 r: n1 q
34. Vigils
% V0 W8 N6 U, p' i4 Y$ \8 h6 v1 l& I+ s& c1 W# U! G. U+ F4 V
Drama and Music
6 Y8 i( H4 }) u7 t9 [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 e, E6 Q4 R2 E/ @ 36. Performances of plays and music
6 x3 z$ h! W; v" o 37. Singing
, B8 i7 ?# C; |9 I# X# u" ?
& @' ], Y1 W+ a/ ]" ?Processions; Q) C. |5 G. o9 ]2 [2 R6 L
38. Marches2 F7 q h3 y0 O! P% U
39. Parades
# n6 E, s; ^: g+ n$ y4 Q8 Z3 v" ^ 40. Religious processions) X2 y' d$ { }" s' `, A& ?2 B
41. Pilgrimages) D( t9 O7 r" \! a3 ~( Q' e
42. Motorcades
2 E/ v4 {! u! E! h# M/ Y R
0 ]; V, }: l, t1 rHonoring the Dead
$ D1 ~0 a4 ~ v( U- @) W 43. Political mourning+ @1 t5 w9 c+ e" {/ e" h: }
44. Mock funerals
) A, ]) I( k- v" k5 w# Q 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 n/ Z) b) E, q+ l 46. Homage at burial places
# W# e5 C' d9 C4 n: x! O8 M3 I! o- z# r
Public Assemblies7 W3 S3 v0 _) V8 H2 L
47. Assemblies of protest or support( t5 N/ j1 d7 r' Q( X- R
48. Protest meetings+ {* W7 i, r2 Y
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ [% A( o& |7 ^" j u3 K2 O" W+ n8 s 50. Teach-ins) W% ` A" V) {- X$ e
U% ~6 V! z3 [! U+ W! C6 WWithdrawal and Renunciation
7 M3 B q8 ^9 ` o 51. Walk-outs
& N* ]2 \. C' s. I$ f# D 52. Silence8 O) f! N+ O( J2 p0 C! ]
53. Renouncing honors/ N5 H+ P# Y/ d# g) s/ [
54. Turning one’s back
% ?) ?0 _ `7 h8 P
6 c* u' i- ^& s9 \# @+ `! B 4 y% ]3 E3 M$ Z1 q8 M1 e
. ? w8 Q3 t. n: L, P* P
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
1 y) S+ B7 y0 F+ [- N4 c" R9 Z! o
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- K U5 a5 r, K* s8 z, l6 l
Ostracism of Persons3 }$ p' R) G ~8 x; \0 p, ?
55. Social boycott$ u0 O5 n- Z& M: k
56. Selective social boycott% Y0 _" R: o8 w3 J6 }
57. Lysistratic nonaction" \, o/ w( L! x( I% |# z3 ?
58. Excommunication
`$ l6 Y0 e" b+ h1 r- ~( ^ 59. Interdict; u# B4 w2 b' |3 t6 `8 Z+ E
6 \ ]% x8 `" i! \+ T% W5 C
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% O2 @0 R2 K: b6 v1 q9 @. }
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( Y* a6 b# F& I- u7 {* t 61. Boycott of social affairs9 e# E8 H3 ?% e5 }" a, b
62. Student strike0 Y* F7 p ? \6 J1 M2 f7 F6 E7 Z
63. Social disobedience
2 ~; c3 J& j) g" ]+ U; N3 t/ ` 64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 [* [' i8 Z* }: r+ @
0 c7 u/ Q* [! @/ y! k+ f7 |
Withdrawal from the Social System5 T4 i4 @8 R# R4 W
65. Stay-at-home: c# e$ s+ ^, d: S
66. Total personal noncooperation4 l( z1 a- M% _! ]3 V$ }
67. “Flight” of workers
! K6 \1 D9 }" ?" X8 h1 {, @ 68. Sanctuary/ h4 L" b7 t8 y8 N
69. Collective disappearance K; v2 t* ^- G6 G: `, F
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 X1 K J" N' `# I3 `
3 \+ O( q9 n' u3 r
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* y L' L! D) d1 ?" b
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4 J, W z3 Q. c9 ]! f1 hActions by Consumers
. |: U% H8 i0 w% L 71. Consumers’ boycott- p" Z: K: t1 x1 S6 ^6 u- u: D
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. x. i5 l, l$ H2 W: c3 {3 ^
73. Policy of austerity5 }) ^# G! f9 y6 \
74. Rent withholding1 O5 t9 B+ Y3 H/ q+ t; F3 H" A
75. Refusal to rent
" ]: B# n' N3 U, z3 j 76. National consumers’ boycott H( @& u- A8 r/ B2 A5 z. n3 M
77. International consumers’ boycott. Y! b5 t/ U5 E: o( \: i
' M \: e8 b9 _! s2 yAction by Workers and Producers
- |8 F, V( ]- L9 q5 s 78. Workmen’s boycott `7 S" C" a, U6 D+ p1 f& P
79. Producers’ boycott
' ]9 B) O; f" s: _8 c4 S
" t+ ~1 _# z- v: Y* V+ m% uAction by Middlemen9 b2 C5 Y/ c8 U. @! M( |3 n V# K
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; e! V6 o+ X& P2 J
" E" z0 C7 D, v6 T. `5 K7 E8 v
Action by Owners and Management' _5 C: ]5 c" L6 [+ f: x" j' K$ b
81. Traders’ boycott
1 m% G ?( h t9 Q/ `1 S 82. Refusal to let or sell property
& P2 F8 O* \/ e/ T 83. Lockout6 D/ k! e4 {% O2 ?# l
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' ?' m8 k# G! M3 t$ Q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”" X- s6 M: r D8 S
7 x, ^& K, r! f# d9 c0 U$ m3 m& ^8 b2 H
Action by Holders of Financial Resources. ^' U! y' s! h: X2 k# t% k
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% h. h0 o0 H" A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 z- j2 t; l" Q9 a9 O% _; m0 N 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. B3 ]+ R* S8 d6 | M
89. Severance of funds and credit
4 X; v8 L- m5 H+ C( X ?( p 90. Revenue refusal0 r# j7 z% o2 I; n/ E' l5 q, Q) l
91. Refusal of a government’s money' {8 E' W' X9 Q$ Z
7 @9 y& H: L( |" d& R8 H. uAction by Governments
+ m1 u! I4 X. ^9 F! l- U# p) A 92. Domestic embargo
9 s: i' F: i& c) ? ^ 93. Blacklisting of traders
8 [5 F' b( R0 p( ~5 J( e 94. International sellers’ embargo8 T; B( M1 K6 f: ?0 P
95. International buyers’ embargo( U! U6 g- M. p( H- A
96. International trade embargo9 ?7 C7 h3 J6 z% S& p% k& W
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) S( M0 Z. ]& y3 [/ [$ L9 b% \/ ~" l. r
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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( `6 q a- `5 d* b/ Q5 e" ~1 V5 c& WSymbolic Strikes
) o- O" m& I* K1 f Y5 c# W- _5 \ 97. Protest strike
! q( R. a% v8 f/ g! ^( g 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 g4 N# Z0 o; g4 T! Y9 t
* b# l" J- M$ z7 H, CAgricultural Strikes9 P3 x: Q' n3 l2 H
99. Peasant strike
5 a( t. O: b0 o4 [& s$ w. O 100. Farm Workers’ strike; r5 K/ K7 a0 h( w' R2 V4 E6 h
! {! T- a' w2 w. l8 P; j
Strikes by Special Groups4 _5 k4 d# @! o7 P& J
101. Refusal of impressed labor
) e4 W1 t0 v0 u, e* o4 h 102. Prisoners’ strike6 y! C4 o& O1 S
103. Craft strike
' k# ^# H- c* S: g, O0 b 104. Professional strike
, R- F" w! K( w* v( y4 c& D- `1 q9 ] R3 C1 t& y) y$ o5 P
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
1 V+ a( o5 z* K6 y0 R0 z- C7 A 105. Establishment strike# S2 G5 {! C4 O% n" ]4 C
106. Industry strike P1 J* ]& s1 E1 K& ?4 G# U7 R
107. Sympathetic strike
, n- V0 z. X# n( ]0 `& Y2 v
! L5 B2 `1 ?" G! T: U9 VRestricted Strikes# r j/ A7 [1 I& _; u/ {" N
108. Detailed strike
- }9 e% h: [ _ 109. Bumper strike
2 U8 [) ?$ ?0 x8 @/ f5 n' B6 [2 L. v 110. Slowdown strike6 S- n4 u+ R% B9 x
111. Working-to-rule strike) _/ m% G& k' }3 Q" X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 d( P7 B8 a4 G3 e
113. Strike by resignation
3 g# h( `3 R# H7 X 114. Limited strike& ?5 o/ I# B9 w4 A4 f( ?
115. Selective strike# e9 D6 x7 ^# J, B N
) e# n: [6 E$ l6 X# _! @
Multi-Industry Strikes" s0 S L0 Z2 B2 J5 w* `
$ D3 ~4 n+ C6 U1 Y- ]" [' [
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike, P5 C! n0 b% [5 U' e' a
: ~+ i5 I) O4 y6 @+ U; YCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 C! v/ _" [* R5 [. a3 @( ?8 x6 r5 z; ]# H8 x6 |$ Y
118. Hartal- s; Z2 K8 y* ]! x& l) `, [6 W
- z1 o$ c- E$ U! q% p% `- j2 H 119. Economic shutdown( \% j& s, N+ u) q H2 r
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) ]+ `' V/ t5 C2 V( ?" E' TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ K: \; ^) W! u7 S3 l& Q" f
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Rejection of Authority
- D4 D, F8 {- J) C 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% y: D8 X0 h3 o9 h* J+ J/ b
121. Refusal of public support
9 w7 H! [) P [ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: i+ K) e* y3 M; B
( x) J4 \; U U, x& d: `Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! `3 T6 b( q, p9 e r( s& m
123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 Z* h+ {7 Y5 S. e
124. Boycott of elections( F$ z: B% x: I3 [* I! t+ i9 m" y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
O! O* ?: Q3 i& V7 w1 n 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) \. Z- \" M }: ^" z& c" q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ \: j4 m. q! i) Z6 Y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 L5 V5 O! f3 Z4 O
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ s# e7 p5 ?0 B+ s! } 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* [ v8 L/ T! B+ I 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ O \) g$ S" B* x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& @" p8 O n0 ]$ o; V; N, R
% L/ z- G$ y: R$ ^' ?: U. |0 d
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience- w) c4 J! j S
133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ N! [, A" I% j# ]) p, ~* \. I6 B
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% M( u6 a; X) W) h
135. Popular nonobedience2 _) O& \9 k5 u1 P
136. Disguised disobedience3 }: c3 w( M( W$ E
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! d F( I* B. n/ M' b! G 138. Sitdown) a: o/ h$ k8 V, R
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 ^* J' g: |! h/ J# E8 N h. m- k: w% U* z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 n0 L* d2 Y. d- c* x7 E
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 U% R& K4 J! _% E3 \7 n4 U I+ n1 E' _ U8 |. e3 [
Action by Government Personnel
2 U% P2 L: l+ |! K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 m( I* T$ `0 w
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 w- B. Z2 K; [0 ` V2 i# D b 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 O$ O4 @, Z- S+ @# [8 @ 145. General administrative noncooperation7 ~- J5 G0 I1 T$ L" U
; H3 q" M! b! @2 e 146. Judicial noncooperation& s2 Z, i; Y6 W* [! C
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" o. i9 C- A9 @; _& y 148. Mutiny' z% I; b7 O4 @: g
Domestic Governmental Action
0 N/ W, ?1 _% E0 J, a7 ]6 J0 H7 z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( i, x/ r2 S W( e+ r
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" ] ]9 N4 T E- b) S
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International Governmental Action
* \- T5 B8 O6 X" o 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, |* q4 Z! K( t$ g# ?$ x 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' {0 S1 \- z j6 s$ [7 G1 K
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% [- H6 u# B! |# J; V
154. Severance of diplomatic relations; A9 f9 s. o+ A3 h- u2 s, M# r
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* L' g) R4 [, E# s1 r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* `7 q. b) T( v( y
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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6 j" p R( i; Y0 S2 P+ x" R7 d1 E6 H" z" Y) c2 O* T
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
& `5 u9 u* j- z6 S1 ?1 T V 158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 G) W* r: u; v1 D 159. The fast6 Y" }) ]3 ]3 z" I
a) Fast of moral pressure
6 K$ c' A" U6 r4 X9 U: K) a b) Hunger strike9 }, ~! p4 i/ p$ g2 I, q E
c) Satyagrahic fast
; Y* B0 d" k8 z" E% [4 F) p 160. Reverse trial
1 G* T! H+ F- M% {- q/ p- ~ 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention- [3 s( p+ v( r7 A
162. Sit-in3 b5 V& g4 f! V- x- t1 }- d6 v
163. Stand-in1 Y# e) S; g5 c% F* x1 S% J
164. Ride-in
8 h* @" ^2 J. [+ v. p, G 165. Wade-in
. H p6 }: s& y% `. ^6 ]) a: w 166. Mill-in: U0 f5 b* M, V6 ~' j; k0 @* g% o* B8 z
167. Pray-in
# |# d7 a# e5 S0 U7 F; @! n 168. Nonviolent raids
; l" `9 y& r6 j7 Z" S* V 169. Nonviolent air raids+ A6 a& ]9 [. Q- W# {3 H% t+ U3 J
170. Nonviolent invasion
! r) z/ y3 R+ i 171. Nonviolent interjection2 k6 i( R7 i+ }% K1 W( z& x2 c
172. Nonviolent obstruction
' j1 V+ z2 A+ r7 g0 C 173. Nonviolent occupation* [1 P/ C; p) Z
4 a- ^; c8 c5 n
Social Intervention9 r9 P$ o1 X7 d; g7 g* o6 m! B
174. Establishing new social patterns' T# e, j$ u; q8 u. O7 g9 |
175. Overloading of facilities6 A/ Z( h$ M. s f
176. Stall-in" X7 A' l6 X4 F2 Q9 i
177. Speak-in
5 {8 C, y) w4 l4 x3 ?# T5 ^: g 178. Guerrilla theater% V, ~5 W' a, g" @! _* w
179. Alternative social institutions P% E* V ^: ~- j3 O
180. Alternative communication system& j( x1 ?4 s; k9 d
4 y1 w- s5 O+ R% [7 [, O; C
Economic Intervention, g9 ?" h- T! V7 Z
181. Reverse strike
# Z0 r. J4 J7 ~# i/ R5 H 182. Stay-in strike
0 c* L; e- v* C 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 _5 \4 H- J5 V" U 184. Defiance of blockades
( z8 W! a4 |* E) B. \& N5 O 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ e: |% a$ `. {" D- u* n 186. Preclusive purchasing0 V$ X3 E' b% D: K5 ?6 Y7 n+ B
187. Seizure of assets
" F' d7 l }: C; k8 k4 c: T: N 188. Dumping
c. l% \! B* r; ` 189. Selective patronage
0 U% l2 v0 j3 R) O 190. Alternative markets5 r. {( R4 E3 R9 N
191. Alternative transportation systems/ {& C$ d7 ^4 J2 j/ {
192. Alternative economic institutions. C& f0 Y, c+ @& s- q8 u
$ ?3 R8 v- z9 L8 C# w. `Political Intervention
8 o2 s* d. J9 E- s- G0 t+ g; K 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) |6 C5 T- }5 a0 w& n 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 p9 O: U; B% s" t7 E 195. Seeking imprisonment1 w; v3 N) ^8 i% Z- ^
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: r; u) ?" i0 O5 }4 U+ Z 197. Work-on without collaboration/ t0 ~( W3 T( B2 I/ i6 Y4 G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
