 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. R% \! _9 z+ SFormal Statements
& C% k* E4 ] l0 ^) j' W3 W4 q 1. Public Speeches/ K$ [1 R7 L9 R4 d' @8 J
2. Letters of opposition or support* b, y+ L. J8 _, M/ Y
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) v9 F5 R" L( |! \
4. Signed public statements! V( _ L/ R8 ?5 R
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- }) d' ^" V6 b9 K" A' m! p0 { 6. Group or mass petitions3 W& L" ]( U5 S
( E- G6 o' H; t c- FCommunications with a Wider Audience. X: w {7 ~' u
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) ? L9 h: q0 r) ?$ ^1 N
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! P# i* z+ f" v7 k; s7 a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- r) t; p* Q: F0 o. b 10. Newspapers and journals
# C S2 B* z- U- Z: a/ P8 A1 c 11. Records, radio, and television
0 s2 g# G U$ v% u 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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; S) {$ e+ u, i6 z( g' W% a% ?' k! O' XGroup Representations
& |: {' l# p) n2 |* o& t 13. Deputations$ h5 Z/ K7 r9 h; b$ f2 T& C! E. k
14. Mock awards
( W( @: C! D! U' M9 g 15. Group lobbying
' T0 q1 y) S) R8 ~2 Y- V 16. Picketing9 h* X- X3 R9 d+ G, F1 L
17. Mock elections
7 s1 l' w7 g& X2 d2 ?" V4 J/ X' u, E5 X7 R* Z1 T- l; o
Symbolic Public Acts$ t, x5 V7 \, ^4 ~2 n" m& T, O. S
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& E ~0 {, @! @0 |5 @0 u 19. Wearing of symbols, h" B: d) z# z6 p4 c
20. Prayer and worship. s" w: G5 ~0 n: Y& U9 w8 Z# _& b. j
21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 ^$ Q) Q8 e: {0 D+ x 22. Protest disrobings* ]$ `. [+ Y6 `; p
23. Destruction of own property
. t$ P( J) S% N# L* e v 24. Symbolic lights
8 c7 q& v: f4 ^, i6 W( y) X! O2 o 25. Displays of portraits
* D, ~ |) Y7 B$ u E; D9 M 26. Paint as protest$ v4 R$ v) P b
27. New signs and names, W6 M/ D0 k9 g. ]% \! t+ j$ n) d
28. Symbolic sounds
1 N$ x, Q. [# l* q" v( `+ t7 I4 `7 i. \ 29. Symbolic reclamations) h& R' c! i, d# Q* l$ f) @* V
30. Rude gestures0 l6 [! b1 P- `4 x: {3 i% x7 n
5 Z& P/ w! e/ S+ oPressures on Individuals: q* r" ~5 Q& I- q
31. “Haunting” officials- R" k+ O) |% x* O/ g. G
32. Taunting officials, b2 B6 u7 S# G" _
33. Fraternization
. \# i* {: A* |/ r4 }3 Z 34. Vigils4 E* c& y* g* J/ p+ y
0 X" L9 [7 A% w8 v! O. \Drama and Music
* d" P" K. Y0 I* i9 M# |5 O 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- @8 Z; C$ Z, A1 Q: O 36. Performances of plays and music0 l- W3 F; s, ^( h
37. Singing
3 j1 ?+ F( \! Q: C: H8 x7 S/ M: p- b% P( ]8 O
Processions( a+ u* h" @( S- p. T$ N; X0 Q4 z
38. Marches+ M, o, S# w& q, N q( M7 g5 ?' m- e( H
39. Parades
' T8 s5 w, E3 A0 u1 p! I! \# I$ _ 40. Religious processions% u) X- ]3 B- _$ t$ X. n
41. Pilgrimages2 H) L2 ^8 F- }/ K$ }7 I
42. Motorcades
4 f; c9 \" r( X' s+ E" n' @" S" I! C& b- Y( A
Honoring the Dead
- `' N1 e u2 L0 C6 v6 { 43. Political mourning
5 K* {9 ?$ ~# K. k- ~ 44. Mock funerals8 D' D! i% [, m1 {% E3 w
45. Demonstrative funerals: h* K5 d% l2 Y
46. Homage at burial places/ ^: N% L4 ~2 A! g8 `) G
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Public Assemblies" D/ f# K% V+ G6 r" w& O ]5 i" c
47. Assemblies of protest or support9 ^$ }# h! F2 B8 u3 U$ g- s3 n5 q5 N" p+ w
48. Protest meetings, r; O3 [) c0 f0 E9 z$ @7 m6 M
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) }1 [( Y7 J2 _ [1 ~ 50. Teach-ins; v6 f: Y5 i0 T6 a
& p7 A" {6 @1 y" E+ ~4 N: j
Withdrawal and Renunciation
|5 L( S! @% L! `; S1 L9 z 51. Walk-outs
- k* e& M; W2 \' g 52. Silence
% V+ i V3 G8 Y6 q% z 53. Renouncing honors5 g6 |5 W; ^) q' |7 X
54. Turning one’s back0 g2 p# V1 o9 @2 R- C5 u/ T6 f7 e
2 i$ i( g L* L2 \# x 2 b% W2 R. s* N6 U$ k: D% q& n) d
; _9 m' p. h" Y) X
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
" j& {! z/ r( S7 r, ?, {' d* j* S+ `$ l
: J% o: r$ w0 W3 w
8 g. O8 {1 b. v. n7 ~+ ?
Ostracism of Persons" v* j9 J' V6 H: t
55. Social boycott
7 {* `( j0 |( `2 Z- S9 `* S 56. Selective social boycott
: X b. J i' M 57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 ~$ c1 @# l' d0 b% `8 j: r 58. Excommunication4 [6 e, w7 {2 g& T' A
59. Interdict4 {- v" [7 Q( o
* J6 ]) U* Q& q6 s6 fNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 W: G) f; O' y& ]2 F
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 ^: A8 j: }- y, q; U, q" K n( Z3 O 61. Boycott of social affairs
* B, c& R2 x( e, X; N: P3 t7 y 62. Student strike+ ^# Y4 ^4 l9 O9 n* T5 v8 G; I
63. Social disobedience
3 P: J- F3 G9 d$ j2 P, n+ l0 @ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 c3 T9 @# I, ~. g) E" n
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Withdrawal from the Social System
, [: S7 Y( c- v0 Z/ Q 65. Stay-at-home- _( ~! U/ e; m# v- a# i* M1 T
66. Total personal noncooperation" X# R$ f7 g! X
67. “Flight” of workers# `' y" h& K/ T; y+ ^9 c
68. Sanctuary
$ q- G* O; s9 U' g' }6 U, @/ ^ 69. Collective disappearance
: C# z. [" m* _+ _8 C- t) _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 y& T* e8 d% s! Z
5 ` Q0 y( F9 Y0 F8 y8 t
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3 x2 J* z ~" b( |' T$ dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 f) f# g, g- b( o" r ?) e3 `( u1 a" N1 G
8 |8 |8 N, E2 x" UActions by Consumers; j( a" v6 l, L( @ q$ j
71. Consumers’ boycott$ B7 m( F3 M' b( o8 q* ]7 o- A
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) _9 R" H3 T" Z3 u% e 73. Policy of austerity
- t4 j' O4 N, c- r- X# `1 z" L 74. Rent withholding y! M+ d" a) m- \
75. Refusal to rent% Y2 }1 w! N5 E) N; E$ Z/ L
76. National consumers’ boycott
) S* P7 K* x- D4 q% G2 p" v9 L, ^ 77. International consumers’ boycott
0 }; h3 Q7 d# \. ]. w
4 v4 K# C. h6 O n4 ?# }Action by Workers and Producers
- {* S/ Z6 R/ E4 c" | 78. Workmen’s boycott
8 F9 \6 V0 \% ] _1 j& w7 C# u5 v 79. Producers’ boycott, ?$ J( t! |3 E5 s9 s
) @$ G* e" ?1 L- Q1 C: GAction by Middlemen. M; l4 f* d3 z/ o
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# Q) n G7 _7 N$ g1 M4 L j( w! j% S. a% e/ a
Action by Owners and Management
* I3 G: E( F1 r$ Y P1 A8 |; g, L. _ 81. Traders’ boycott6 R0 D' Q) W, B& O: p% r
82. Refusal to let or sell property+ J4 O2 W# ~( { H
83. Lockout
& n c, I+ P2 ~9 Y3 I. E" q' B ]2 M 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 B( q( [4 L: e h6 w
85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 Q3 Y" _% `0 w: k
+ L& t4 E; n xAction by Holders of Financial Resources W* ]; m5 q$ `/ r: s
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits2 d' Q, g3 f' q0 h- M: N4 z: H
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( b, ]- d* `) n8 M
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
8 c+ A$ w4 z3 j9 ] 89. Severance of funds and credit
! h& T9 |/ `: H `) i- _ 90. Revenue refusal
; e( {: Z. E3 X/ E3 u 91. Refusal of a government’s money3 a/ K8 W6 D4 @2 u
2 ~3 F3 v+ B9 z& f# l$ C% EAction by Governments
) }: U) P9 B# H6 o, N 92. Domestic embargo3 p; x {* g( [8 _
93. Blacklisting of traders; v1 t2 w+ o5 [! N7 m" |2 f
94. International sellers’ embargo. O+ O: O: q& T+ P) p% C
95. International buyers’ embargo
$ n! P7 B. ?7 V9 x. | 96. International trade embargo
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$ A) H0 A2 O4 D5 X/ U# O u( R! W6 h, V
8 j8 j( w6 `7 E. N0 g3 G, t
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
6 O, `: h) M1 O! B7 ]6 U: F: \- {1 n4 r7 z' s9 V: T( t% g& J
' U: f& H" J4 W t3 d/ k2 _
Symbolic Strikes
* l( K6 E1 n* j Y$ O2 X 97. Protest strike; J2 l9 r' B& k- Q( H/ u
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- ]4 I1 D. v$ [4 j8 U6 }, i; l
/ A% H9 p5 r/ Y5 XAgricultural Strikes1 \5 D2 e4 k( {- {
99. Peasant strike
9 |( {# Q1 v/ @, N8 k/ Y 100. Farm Workers’ strike7 H' m8 g) u( ^1 l" t0 H
x! ^. ^8 @, {/ x& m
Strikes by Special Groups2 f9 Y- l2 T1 K2 k$ h
101. Refusal of impressed labor5 {+ |/ ~; ~! u) g. u4 |# V
102. Prisoners’ strike
) I: Q( `4 Q4 O3 M( w 103. Craft strike
6 Z+ I5 L# l/ @6 ~1 k 104. Professional strike8 O2 k- P. m8 W+ D3 U
: }" D* ]4 d/ Q4 L( t* M% wOrdinary Industrial Strikes
0 x( P# z/ `. B 105. Establishment strike" T& I, C, H1 S, @4 ^
106. Industry strike
j* \7 x4 j# D, Q1 l, |9 ^4 [+ C 107. Sympathetic strike6 P2 x% ]" f! B0 I& N J
0 |# j( u3 Z! V* g2 w0 O( z' ?Restricted Strikes
* f* u; J7 W# T5 \5 j9 i" L 108. Detailed strike
: a- ^" S e, K( r 109. Bumper strike
( Q: v" S5 g) d! c$ g- M4 k 110. Slowdown strike
1 ^! f! i" f5 }( K, |+ h 111. Working-to-rule strike
# F4 p9 S1 ^/ y% w6 U% c6 N 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, h5 ~+ ~" F" }6 [2 p 113. Strike by resignation; ~) S, A: v! i7 B( v3 C
114. Limited strike8 ^8 W$ N$ r6 {; g8 f' f4 q+ E4 [8 }7 C
115. Selective strike
& Y- b9 y/ }. }6 p6 V" y& c: a9 u+ r0 N: a1 n ^) g/ @
Multi-Industry Strikes
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) e2 G9 v& y V' c. B4 q7 v$ f: e 116. Generalized strike6 W2 I w( j9 W$ S/ H
: P6 m; J9 h" b0 b
117. General strike/ f! D1 e' F$ h9 d
4 m$ A& N: W0 P7 {/ SCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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. R1 R8 K# Z+ f% k" u 119. Economic shutdown4 \ {# T6 [0 ~3 l% K
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. R) j$ }, n. J$ l7 `6 F: M
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
. h* i, r! A8 ?" G 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
i6 f% x1 V+ Y' y9 E' ? 121. Refusal of public support7 Q1 U: I6 P) ^1 c, B
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 R0 u( s9 n" f6 ]6 {8 P6 R6 L" ?) @4 {
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* d& e& X+ K# V: I
123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 ~$ v" n- F, `% @1 [
124. Boycott of elections
; F$ e2 }1 Y4 \4 e! K3 M) e1 c4 y 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 z- t# x' B7 f 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 o5 z! D, ^: b1 H! j A& W
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 C' W. V, B: [
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ H1 k+ O* w9 V# B6 _. K 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 e4 f/ \ i5 p Z; m( Y6 C4 ?' g% \
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* |) \: t# o' b/ C# r/ }+ l9 i
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, H! U3 T* r, \: s0 E/ b
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) b% r a9 K* S! `1 j8 Y& Y" W; y5 z8 V+ e
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience C: C2 n: x# p" [7 V, {
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: e: D% T8 d2 A$ V3 @; W; Q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 @& _; T* l, S' E( H( V b: \% Y 135. Popular nonobedience
" M2 `, M* l! m 136. Disguised disobedience
2 o: P1 P' N9 ^. V. R 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 S+ @/ Z8 \ j; _ 138. Sitdown
; R. |8 k6 @( `' \4 i 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- t' k3 c( g5 d% F! D( Q2 I& c 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 S/ A4 h# K) Q; o/ D' Z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* ~5 a0 Z7 H. I; ^$ h- E* F
( _/ q' p. {+ A' }* a. K
Action by Government Personnel
$ }) P1 N& U0 W 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 ]" A. m: m) V4 o, L
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
- _& }, N7 z$ D: X 144. Stalling and obstruction( u# A* Z* y2 O
145. General administrative noncooperation
; r! d$ @% v. J: m2 x% s7 y% w0 \$ K7 Z
146. Judicial noncooperation
# ^) i$ M( _/ m! }+ v; M! @2 | 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, i3 b( u. V3 z9 w3 V$ N
148. Mutiny- V O& {+ b- _1 |
Domestic Governmental Action
* S6 b X! \' y. } k& [! M1 i: P 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) r: Q2 [9 f, }* t/ [* _
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ j2 r+ Y3 p- |2 ?
( {& `! h- n4 l# Q- P1 kInternational Governmental Action) g9 Y! E2 _; d- [! f Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, C% x( ^0 `2 a" S/ @; _ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 S. q4 K% W f) |7 @9 ^ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ D/ S# b. z* J# k6 c. B, C1 e7 \ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% O1 b( y% Z, m9 j. {! p( c 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 a. _! j* H: O7 G# h5 ^
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 C' f/ e8 f9 T- Z3 S0 }2 Q/ i7 F 157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 v6 Q v6 y& J1 V7 p* ?/ p4 E' u, k7 t/ s$ E5 p6 X
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& f' q0 |4 a0 G0 ?. C6 y" R! \THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 d: m& m0 p; k% B& @& ^3 V8 e9 l
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W& C, }3 D) f) H5 sPsychological Intervention
( O* ? k& [: t6 j$ F, U2 t 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( {, L4 }- Z7 _5 [, ? 159. The fast
8 K ^' k2 H# {; K! h. _ a) Fast of moral pressure
\' f( ^" N( Z b) Hunger strike
( [6 ~$ E9 @4 J: U( e( h c) Satyagrahic fast1 ~" l- A+ T8 a u# ?; a6 c
160. Reverse trial
+ M+ ^( T6 j' e 161. Nonviolent harassment) h6 p: u0 T* {+ p) X
/ M+ u6 f! B1 N0 |Physical Intervention# _: p1 r6 `# Z; ?: @5 O
162. Sit-in# K- F: T( r5 G' Q
163. Stand-in% J) j y7 C5 |& P, |$ [
164. Ride-in
3 u/ G$ ? i Y 165. Wade-in
3 N7 Y8 l9 N2 @: s1 F 166. Mill-in$ A' K1 R/ Z5 |- V+ N" F, v! K
167. Pray-in/ \" W: A3 Y9 i, k0 F$ m' S
168. Nonviolent raids0 y5 f' j: B4 @8 X( O/ o; D' P- g
169. Nonviolent air raids
/ }- D! V8 J4 x) C* c! u% s 170. Nonviolent invasion+ k# ?; J5 `5 ^* \0 n2 i
171. Nonviolent interjection/ Q8 H6 s9 H# @4 B: g/ Z# M
172. Nonviolent obstruction: V# s/ x7 P/ n- a
173. Nonviolent occupation/ u+ f; m7 o! T& [8 B$ D
+ ]$ D4 a j* m, L2 i& i, b" O5 j- {2 }
Social Intervention
) G4 Z9 H! S: X* Z% J 174. Establishing new social patterns
& h O9 ^% ^6 ~: t" l. j 175. Overloading of facilities
' W. K+ q, U( M. G$ V# ?! V 176. Stall-in
# f2 s4 \- z7 B" t1 u% K! v 177. Speak-in
. u) T- S7 ]/ J 178. Guerrilla theater
2 h8 s% c3 |! x" l( h* c( Z6 x8 [ 179. Alternative social institutions! h) ]+ M, W8 }. h
180. Alternative communication system/ D' u9 ~' k. ^6 U
( d- p% P9 d5 j9 S9 n0 r& T g2 |Economic Intervention
. q7 V5 ^2 Q, v 181. Reverse strike/ D% L+ G, R2 N5 X
182. Stay-in strike1 f* G5 b: H; i* f
183. Nonviolent land seizure
4 C8 w+ a! E+ \1 `5 F9 q2 y 184. Defiance of blockades
- M( w1 x2 s) {8 z6 D8 e7 b i 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' A4 v* a6 B! v 186. Preclusive purchasing
7 X3 ?: U: f9 u# z% j _8 m" A 187. Seizure of assets, ?& O7 Z* l3 @/ d: K. K
188. Dumping# I* K- p8 Q' Z
189. Selective patronage2 a( _3 ]* Y" Q9 I- P9 J# r8 t, B% U
190. Alternative markets
- G. [# h8 @) q: B4 ?$ A0 ~- P" d 191. Alternative transportation systems6 P& o+ C! x1 A+ D4 ~. g, T
192. Alternative economic institutions, y% X4 ?1 f- S- N% b" s6 G
* t7 ]2 l/ \( l( {- v6 Z6 W3 oPolitical Intervention" g* ^3 u& b1 ?- x, i5 U" Q0 J
193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 ~$ y' L! w! ~# V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
% W g& m0 p0 J/ E% G% o# c 195. Seeking imprisonment" _5 C& R5 r3 g# t
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 Y- h6 {$ Q! _" e: t# Q 197. Work-on without collaboration
% j8 S, c. a4 ` 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* o z7 X: u& V8 f/ T: T- }
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
