 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- ~# r. E0 }4 Q
Formal Statements
6 z. y2 P% F* o5 m 1. Public Speeches
* ]( I/ O1 X1 u& g/ X0 Y. ] 2. Letters of opposition or support
, Q: N, a! k8 w' i! M 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 N4 g# c7 U; }: n
4. Signed public statements1 m: Y$ z) d! L9 r, j9 [" s$ ~
5. Declarations of indictment and intention Y. z3 m( `! p1 S$ H# P
6. Group or mass petitions* S1 P0 n) t+ ?$ q% R [" j( }. p' ^2 h
; o5 e( {! p$ V+ H" I& `# \" l
Communications with a Wider Audience
, E9 l+ M4 U, Q8 F i: Z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: }% T0 ]( G5 O5 q0 X! r8 t
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: s8 H& w! {; |* ]7 T. k 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% v, V4 ^3 h5 T) h; y' }3 }
10. Newspapers and journals. ] Y+ W' `7 c" N# \
11. Records, radio, and television
. c- W. T; H$ a( Q d 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! M6 m6 E" w. y1 m! j& ^" a6 K5 x$ A4 M/ K
Group Representations
, ]1 o0 C2 H8 N% T/ M+ W3 ?* ] 13. Deputations- E+ ?6 w9 `) ~7 f1 r: U) [
14. Mock awards
" J( u/ q/ o6 `6 p; F! T6 N 15. Group lobbying
) j& P( `8 b. `% j* S% H' l& J# M 16. Picketing; b7 P+ \* V& U5 H
17. Mock elections
, h5 r+ h& |- `+ X/ g6 i% Y; ]& b3 c
Symbolic Public Acts
9 H% A1 `5 p( q! Z! `, {: F' i 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 o- @* a* Q: e8 ~# z- N 19. Wearing of symbols* k/ Z: O9 Z" R( f: ]6 O
20. Prayer and worship, l. E1 L- ?% x/ d. w6 [! d9 p9 @4 Q1 S
21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 b6 S# n2 E6 I, l, H U: X 22. Protest disrobings) n5 `' C Q' y9 u6 q
23. Destruction of own property. y. J$ }/ A% o/ x* U
24. Symbolic lights. i4 m: A* @+ ]
25. Displays of portraits
& ?& z8 `5 R5 i; R4 @8 L% O9 @3 h* { 26. Paint as protest7 R+ T5 B( b! }6 L. ~1 j+ X* P, i
27. New signs and names) T6 Z7 r% ]# U w
28. Symbolic sounds0 f2 G& t' E8 j, V
29. Symbolic reclamations. Y' K8 {) p0 H$ l: c" z
30. Rude gestures
1 B6 s! x* A) Z1 F
" u0 ?$ r+ ]3 `2 nPressures on Individuals
; B5 J1 h/ N9 U5 P! }" ?7 ~ 31. “Haunting” officials
|3 N! y, i& A" t 32. Taunting officials% K. P6 @" d+ e
33. Fraternization
0 D# y7 ]$ S! A* J& [, z- C 34. Vigils
* d5 M1 P l' ^3 L0 o, G6 f n+ m# U- n' Q8 E7 W
Drama and Music1 g6 Q9 m9 P5 z# s& ?
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 O+ t) ]! B$ d2 E8 U
36. Performances of plays and music. i2 I8 b. C2 ~4 m+ Q
37. Singing
1 J6 g2 K& g- k4 E6 M1 _! l5 x7 G. _5 O- v6 P! A6 l l% ]
Processions
; M+ Z" q/ g6 K1 ^# s 38. Marches
3 j, A b3 C0 b8 C! _3 p 39. Parades0 A5 h) F0 v/ e* G
40. Religious processions
' s2 N8 L' F, e* r. H; Q( J 41. Pilgrimages
7 Z1 w k6 y! J 42. Motorcades
# k6 \4 \# e! W! ]
2 s: _% l) _" ]8 G0 K' @Honoring the Dead
& I2 z$ R, O7 n: [ 43. Political mourning
6 a# |1 @- F" f 44. Mock funerals
7 y; O/ c6 [+ e. @# v* d$ |1 z 45. Demonstrative funerals
# R7 K( V% \8 j/ W 46. Homage at burial places
5 ?2 y4 H4 @! {& N
$ ~+ L& L8 v1 R/ F" {* sPublic Assemblies( T6 x* D6 y# W, k! C' [* r
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 D0 o. [2 f4 w 48. Protest meetings
9 K2 \) \5 C) Z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 @, N+ l1 Q4 q& `1 T: s
50. Teach-ins
7 `; w- L, L0 ?# r- p1 q( C+ n+ ?( y. @* h* M, m- ]% L
Withdrawal and Renunciation4 T4 y5 L6 y9 b7 _1 x9 {. w* P
51. Walk-outs
' x8 A7 p0 T7 A0 w) x( f 52. Silence7 C0 g$ ~0 Y% ? F" [ d
53. Renouncing honors
! G+ z* V6 I7 ]- w [ 54. Turning one’s back3 b. f9 V( v1 l4 f
4 S2 Q+ C& k8 ?
3 E5 D# u/ J7 p+ r. y8 p2 J' X& d; U1 J7 M @. Z( w
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: J# L; m% B2 _: u/ I$ _+ E1 M, O7 ^6 A0 Q
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1 D) J/ T" g' l6 W: z: H' X
Ostracism of Persons
* I, |! v0 b6 S$ G. k, T 55. Social boycott
! p3 X9 X9 ^* Y3 e 56. Selective social boycott2 N( U e, m L) U7 ~ I: l5 m
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 ?3 O! q- s% K$ b 58. Excommunication" J( a5 B, Z2 F* j- |. v0 p) t
59. Interdict
2 x. ], ]$ @9 A* [0 t0 s! u3 ~- Z* R0 x- v
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ d+ D! |8 \& c( U* k+ w- j: H* K 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, d; Y+ B7 O5 _( K 61. Boycott of social affairs$ y4 k; P* }' k% G8 @- |- y1 F- t
62. Student strike
2 Q ?4 M: K: W$ Y# Z 63. Social disobedience
5 ]( U4 s& z8 l z( {. p- s 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 `" V0 R8 B! ~* [7 `4 T4 q# ?3 Q- u4 c
Withdrawal from the Social System
, ]6 \/ M3 V" T2 p5 @! R3 Q 65. Stay-at-home4 N; P& N6 {6 p2 i6 ?! r) ~3 i
66. Total personal noncooperation
7 L' D% o* J# P3 J- ?5 P7 N 67. “Flight” of workers. l Y9 X; R. E0 ?& F+ k) J. _0 d
68. Sanctuary
" W8 o! ]) g7 T7 m6 W+ O Q4 X 69. Collective disappearance
5 c7 b! A3 z6 \+ M 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 o1 O L3 W# ]7 g& G+ q+ C
0 _; H4 Y4 t6 Q4 _* n7 v $ b; Q1 K' D9 e# X# p6 [9 R# V
; ]: l* A1 @* m% j$ _& V9 l) x
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 f9 A" f) Z! }6 W( C, H) O* @
; Y z) C- `) N [1 q
6 l( a' ` v {
Actions by Consumers
/ b% _% q1 [8 S: E ?3 `- S$ f 71. Consumers’ boycott
! }5 Z! D' b- h* l% w2 o# g7 A 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' K& q: s/ x6 j: D 73. Policy of austerity
6 H- m: ^$ C7 Z3 @7 I 74. Rent withholding: b; P1 L: g/ _) k
75. Refusal to rent) A) ]# @, s5 N5 w+ R x! @; D
76. National consumers’ boycott/ i# A7 m# R) ?2 u* X; C4 |
77. International consumers’ boycott
4 H9 `* v9 A6 @/ D ?7 C. K* m! Q$ M3 H, [
Action by Workers and Producers8 Y, x+ e0 T# c) p
78. Workmen’s boycott
- |+ L) }4 [3 Z% b& a: I 79. Producers’ boycott: z/ [, @* I" v! f' d$ x
! S, t) d& `% L
Action by Middlemen
1 a, k" @( G" b2 J2 S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# L! G+ @9 a) b# e
1 d# w& Q% Z( `) @. T3 C
Action by Owners and Management4 W" W' V$ v& o! Z( W$ L& X
81. Traders’ boycott/ m L: m T0 P
82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 Z5 D8 f1 H: m( `* L 83. Lockout
0 z! O$ e2 l% W9 Y+ S 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: ~& L- u) a" R2 i 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 {' o/ c T3 Y$ L) `( l0 _* T3 w7 n
; s, |+ ]3 h( N$ s h9 hAction by Holders of Financial Resources9 [+ d# b' {% t t9 z& \* @
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 h8 ?# [8 E. b. A( e5 u. { 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ \1 h$ |! o! x5 S: b9 f. B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 B8 W& O0 q+ N 89. Severance of funds and credit
" e$ c, {$ H7 V; P$ i 90. Revenue refusal* G" p. I% ~# g1 _! G( V; z7 r
91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 G d% ^* p% m8 A$ _7 X5 x# M
5 B4 _& b5 o8 d! B \' x# d, H4 lAction by Governments
( W, n2 R9 y# k7 j: k D; x) R& z 92. Domestic embargo4 T% {: s# E7 l0 b& s; z0 o
93. Blacklisting of traders" g* r# m: z& b5 M x2 z
94. International sellers’ embargo
- ^1 F1 B. N; R5 A 95. International buyers’ embargo8 G' N* u2 z N0 L+ L6 w
96. International trade embargo
! x+ l- w$ B7 u" P% s# h4 [. d1 Q- s" J- ]6 @/ ]8 a# }) p3 D* e
4 R$ K! }% H) M' W2 E
; a4 h& y2 }+ c1 T2 v0 ~' pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
3 b* ?, a+ u* D2 Q @0 V% ^
5 X2 P7 Q4 ~7 N% ?$ n/ e. j / y5 E' f% K# |. U& s$ C
Symbolic Strikes+ g. h' \/ s( F8 P5 A( h' y- G
97. Protest strike
% T2 Y) ]$ G* L" f- Y, P 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 S% w, ?: L; h: H! |6 N I8 B
+ F; G* Z2 }8 y! Z6 Q- [Agricultural Strikes% }5 a) m- H' L: c. m8 }4 E
99. Peasant strike8 a( |1 y0 _8 n3 o
100. Farm Workers’ strike
' a; r* U, \1 \; {. s* ]5 r8 X- l" h- L( s* J
Strikes by Special Groups
5 ?' m" U, a: J( T; L 101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ R2 T# g7 r# Z. O7 { 102. Prisoners’ strike
: U' g. v: C0 E6 A, u 103. Craft strike
% z; h2 i( U U, {8 w; b6 A 104. Professional strike
0 i* ?# B. u* V B8 N# ~; N4 L1 s# I/ T- Y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% X9 q6 c1 @; \8 Q8 |( u9 {) _. p" Y
105. Establishment strike
- D: P' u/ b9 q# p- O- J 106. Industry strike
6 f$ U! \' e& D 107. Sympathetic strike
- N( N- P. Q4 {% N0 o' E
8 m& e& |& ?- y4 nRestricted Strikes
/ j1 I( m6 t+ K- }3 r# V4 S" r# X 108. Detailed strike
R$ s+ S! g6 D d( h5 ` v 109. Bumper strike/ P% ?) D/ z1 d4 ^; O* R) O8 I
110. Slowdown strike
& I+ N$ \# `8 e: ~2 _, J9 [2 h 111. Working-to-rule strike$ N+ Z: X7 U" G Z/ b3 s1 V9 k
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)$ j$ T9 O- j& X" [* a
113. Strike by resignation
, n7 Q( T* R2 r 114. Limited strike
/ {- a! r+ p7 X8 K) Q 115. Selective strike6 Q4 c7 W4 H" i
( | w3 W, f: l$ d2 d
Multi-Industry Strikes
1 ~9 Q% N2 N) `; ` ~
2 g/ t% a5 h, L9 a ?+ |4 l 116. Generalized strike7 r9 K0 P' p% g9 p @1 r0 f- O
. o: I1 O% ^0 h# ?
117. General strike4 j* Q0 D" R2 i |) P" }! M
" z( m, n4 T2 h* y2 ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures& D. h. Z3 }. P: O `0 k0 U
# F) p% y7 l1 t) o/ P
118. Hartal' d* E6 z" |% A
, l& v. I: t$ v
119. Economic shutdown V& W; S3 C# i7 l) P
1 ?4 r6 x7 Z& F0 |5 u: D0 R* B
: B. S7 [1 h( u* i) O; z: J; I! x3 r3 E% r: h* k
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 ~ X) h; U# S0 j3 `+ h/ e- S
7 K4 `% W. U0 C+ Q7 x# K6 K6 w $ }2 A' u+ P3 J& M
Rejection of Authority
3 O& [. a) g9 y E 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 M% L* P5 p2 b! ]+ P# f- p
121. Refusal of public support- ~- L; }& l# I( z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- j, B8 w5 t0 P& ?. L( @& t# @
# O5 r, t" D( Z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ R4 _ M8 T6 x5 S" m' y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. f+ F4 m8 X. h1 L4 n
124. Boycott of elections
@) [+ m; u! e! N- s) p2 O2 a 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 j# _- A/ d% y7 k/ r) ^" Y5 z j 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 _) {* y- Q0 z! e/ U1 i; q
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) N# U; C" u# C0 Z8 f, ?8 d) S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% `* E, D6 Z4 Z/ Z; t* R; w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) U9 g9 d" {2 X 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; W/ ?% y8 E7 g! o: y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* x1 s$ q4 ^! n1 S 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( ? k* N1 ~8 y% t$ V7 }; _, O
$ _4 ]7 P4 Y" t' d+ QCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& ^* y* _9 ]: p5 g
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' b! p1 y- ^5 V) h6 d$ k 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# D& m7 t0 d' b! S5 O7 A8 l 135. Popular nonobedience8 w5 M' Z/ A3 y9 l% [- r
136. Disguised disobedience' x, f9 F7 Q3 }! ^ n/ Q) S
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 t5 M5 L F' v& F* P
138. Sitdown
3 x# Q% {) f1 s: Q/ d6 x* M: q1 z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" O* s2 X5 _+ y" u6 F 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- Z0 T& Q* j2 D) l2 i" g3 _% W
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" W8 N# k+ z I: s2 C- D1 I
4 E6 ]* Q( e1 h9 K wAction by Government Personnel7 C4 n9 p9 J5 ^0 W( i% ]
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 s7 Z. ], C/ h
143. Blocking of lines of command and information: `/ N! j' S7 D; D& w( S
144. Stalling and obstruction6 U1 [1 D8 O- C0 v) }7 T5 j- a
145. General administrative noncooperation
! p4 ~. u4 f8 v2 O& F6 H. J4 w7 m/ }" q9 F; w( j
146. Judicial noncooperation
4 r) L% J" f% F0 v% D4 I 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# }' F3 K. F- i# f5 Q! G3 {, W
148. Mutiny
% o9 ~: Y0 V) c: @& H+ RDomestic Governmental Action
& C0 U- S6 W# ~$ @ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, v" a6 j- P/ x3 }5 d: J* i* g
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 E) O" s( y d( ]3 N
2 S. c8 d; B4 I iInternational Governmental Action
/ h% d8 V& O! P- p8 [; s 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" G) R8 s( U9 z' ` 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ t. B5 z3 u! y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" b/ |+ D' `7 e- ]: v- s, \
154. Severance of diplomatic relations; O5 [$ C1 Q7 }- W: p4 m
155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ ?1 k/ I, D$ F2 b3 v2 W
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. ^" z9 d" }3 V
157. Expulsion from international organizations
: Y9 O) N( u) v2 u8 d- O7 S; P1 g% L/ u9 o' v, a" G2 L4 |
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7 v! D# A2 }9 N$ ^6 f8 F' i
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
) A h! j. X/ h5 B1 {
8 V+ t" F4 m% V8 u6 E/ A1 M ! `; e$ [1 o) O Y0 v& p3 y
Psychological Intervention
9 k1 d* P! U7 q+ ^$ i. F 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 {5 l+ e6 y/ p8 l/ f$ F 159. The fast
) W$ r) @/ t" U9 G6 A- O a) Fast of moral pressure; ?; T& n! S+ P- [- r
b) Hunger strike
3 a9 P7 S1 s/ l8 d% { c) Satyagrahic fast
# z5 Z/ ] \0 G# Q( i 160. Reverse trial
5 j- @; u# X q; K3 q+ ^ 161. Nonviolent harassment( N+ q+ p$ w5 B# ^
; k6 y# U" k( N9 V3 F4 mPhysical Intervention
/ M0 g: h, d8 M$ z 162. Sit-in
5 {5 n8 i/ l% G& k+ i6 O 163. Stand-in
4 R7 \; i8 x; A2 {% r3 T 164. Ride-in
" ~ Y0 q: R. P' s8 F0 P% i" S 165. Wade-in7 n5 B) E0 H! E3 ~' Y+ W& O" }
166. Mill-in2 j7 f( ?) J2 ]. k3 l! L
167. Pray-in4 R/ r, x) f. T$ d
168. Nonviolent raids6 Q% |5 r. N0 M) P- v
169. Nonviolent air raids( e N! w) Z. }7 s! S6 H& \* |5 M4 I
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 O; o/ H4 \, t; B" o 171. Nonviolent interjection7 Q+ \3 x/ z4 U8 v; r0 ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction9 U5 I6 Q V$ m6 n# a3 I1 {
173. Nonviolent occupation
4 a2 o8 ~2 ?2 k4 v
& i: I F b& ?7 W3 P! \Social Intervention
" F# m. ]; e; t, P0 v 174. Establishing new social patterns* ]; J* Q* U' x, p* v
175. Overloading of facilities
# L- f3 k: o9 }0 J 176. Stall-in
. m5 X! G) B! H" q 177. Speak-in
. ?3 k* {% @+ z- |2 ~: P+ u 178. Guerrilla theater
[ F% ^3 a& W3 B+ A/ |, S 179. Alternative social institutions) R2 ]3 j% [& W2 U) D
180. Alternative communication system9 P. ~6 M1 _" M: k+ ?; \' t( _3 f
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Economic Intervention
8 T) d5 K2 P& H4 S: J& J5 @& W 181. Reverse strike
# [; a" n( C$ B+ }3 N z 182. Stay-in strike
: t) c, U# c) G6 E$ m J 183. Nonviolent land seizure* ?7 R7 q# G }
184. Defiance of blockades
% w4 b7 ~0 h8 ^5 T 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 U4 Q6 `( @; }+ E5 @, x: P9 h( a; V
186. Preclusive purchasing/ x' y* s5 K% M4 |
187. Seizure of assets; \# ^4 V: f5 F# M
188. Dumping
b% i5 ?: T$ g8 x/ e 189. Selective patronage
, F: Q" d! [. I6 y1 e) t9 t 190. Alternative markets
- A3 @4 z% U7 B3 a 191. Alternative transportation systems
/ n- g/ _+ c" M- W; a 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention* \3 W! Q4 v0 X+ k
193. Overloading of administrative systems" f; w8 N, }: F# v
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 W4 k# F0 r- ^, M" Z0 ?
195. Seeking imprisonment# g6 k% k% K' I+ H
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: b: w/ b/ A/ F" }
197. Work-on without collaboration
) ~% |% C8 }# ?+ B1 T 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# K7 ?' x U; w% q) { i
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
