 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 _. m/ n: ?9 a7 I7 c0 [' M8 x! cFormal Statements
) L+ H) N% d5 A& b+ X4 A2 R 1. Public Speeches
4 T) p' V0 H- ^ 2. Letters of opposition or support
/ g% L$ k- A: }3 [# j% R% A& f 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 S* E A0 f( C9 m9 F$ Z, _# i* o 4. Signed public statements! z5 {; j* E A3 M' F' `
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. g _% I* E- [: T. o e3 a 6. Group or mass petitions e R! w8 }! i5 R$ t. C
/ V+ ?& f5 ?0 K; B; aCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 W5 Q* D1 S6 j 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 `- R0 S, o5 J- n: ~: r" v4 P% L
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 H- r, K! J5 P3 A$ u `
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 k0 g) c" r/ z) M 10. Newspapers and journals9 u: D: y& G+ {6 Y% G
11. Records, radio, and television$ f c; p4 u( b
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# |1 j( @% n7 l
' L5 Z5 I6 k/ IGroup Representations
# r, K" Y+ Z& h) W8 J) n' D3 y 13. Deputations
6 ?2 D L/ p$ c7 E. b 14. Mock awards8 E+ \. F* p' t4 y5 }
15. Group lobbying) U8 e% W' J( U* c
16. Picketing
# n% y- D, W r& E 17. Mock elections' Y/ \+ L* h! A8 D+ K% `0 m
' x/ q$ m* W! mSymbolic Public Acts
9 _" \2 C% I& h z8 }9 W2 F3 G) w5 r 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ I( b: e9 K. s H 19. Wearing of symbols
5 C! j0 g1 V: }5 J# L0 a& Z 20. Prayer and worship) F5 Z9 l* r6 k# x* G
21. Delivering symbolic objects. t, M- z# h% \! W1 i1 p. e
22. Protest disrobings. a% {6 K# P( ], E% H5 O( z
23. Destruction of own property" [2 a6 L. g3 s
24. Symbolic lights
- g5 O7 Y+ ^/ ?* ]) R) A/ ~0 N 25. Displays of portraits
0 l: r7 ^: y4 \) T% G 26. Paint as protest
`! g0 n E( \# I4 _; }1 b$ d1 u 27. New signs and names
, }% H) `- b5 Z 28. Symbolic sounds
9 k: z* M" m6 N; S 29. Symbolic reclamations
& H5 [* [. b! [4 U 30. Rude gestures
5 _. N* D9 L% a& m5 e' d: i3 g* c
Pressures on Individuals5 o; Z. h: M' _( z6 K9 ?( b
31. “Haunting” officials) q E/ i) ~% r L3 ^
32. Taunting officials6 t0 c+ j$ B: D* ?4 \" L% y1 v
33. Fraternization
, b4 P6 C0 F8 }/ S4 O 34. Vigils1 y1 x% Z5 V. e: c+ b
) }- p: H, X8 E% o, b
Drama and Music: e+ [) N! x7 L: F
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( k- i. J _& e7 R' H. w# e0 { 36. Performances of plays and music
+ W" P3 Q4 e: G- g H: I+ m/ |4 A 37. Singing
$ c0 r( H% ]1 g7 |! J/ V, }( D- ?) D+ G: m+ K$ b
Processions
# o. v. |) a% V" C1 H) i 38. Marches% E& M! `7 t* {& d; v. P
39. Parades8 r* c/ J8 c. K4 G( c6 T% \8 p" O
40. Religious processions7 ~! v" F0 z* U) X( n1 Z
41. Pilgrimages
( m; w* f! p1 P0 G- ^0 h 42. Motorcades
0 G/ H& c. ]% N. n
6 j4 y; z" l; z! e" M" FHonoring the Dead1 |0 o" @6 o4 M
43. Political mourning x7 z: c$ Y h/ Z6 Y/ {# U
44. Mock funerals
2 Y! E' m6 n2 \# e- W& [ 45. Demonstrative funerals7 a+ A/ e# Z& ~ w% O/ q
46. Homage at burial places
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% ~# J" e' S% qPublic Assemblies
/ W- j6 E; i: ~4 q: p% Y 47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 Z# k& l3 K/ {+ L 48. Protest meetings3 G! l: k+ J2 j' ?
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 r- T" r- U9 t4 G: r. Q
50. Teach-ins
9 U |* @9 T L/ C' H5 l5 R
4 x3 \1 M: ], J7 ^9 ]Withdrawal and Renunciation% V) l4 r+ O3 R$ [ r
51. Walk-outs
8 @2 g( E; X# Q" J1 F) e8 z7 q 52. Silence7 U+ N S; l$ l0 d+ m+ R7 R6 W3 N
53. Renouncing honors* g0 G, u. i+ K
54. Turning one’s back7 N5 a% l( [& V3 V
; K2 G/ R4 u0 g) T4 F& B
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- Q: r8 t1 e4 h- i$ [; |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) `1 u+ N3 i( [; v) ~8 ^! Y
- H M6 d* p5 J ( T4 U& u- a' Q2 q \; T! g6 d/ s5 k" I( H
# b7 @( A/ m& ~. U% n, C {# {Ostracism of Persons0 p; M O5 s- r
55. Social boycott6 v. D! B/ s' e
56. Selective social boycott! M4 q, ~& i% a
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; U5 J; K- P. o% y- ~0 q5 { 58. Excommunication
' a0 e4 j& \9 B. o 59. Interdict: w8 W2 C0 ^2 _! n( P
3 Y3 u+ S+ {# y7 ]
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ t5 I: d6 |- ]6 V 60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ |$ N% H+ A3 \, a8 |( |/ \5 L
61. Boycott of social affairs
/ a7 w0 E9 L. ~ 62. Student strike
6 e7 I' K- B$ \: ? 63. Social disobedience* |% W" E! ^- p3 b
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% D2 [7 G0 T5 y/ r
( p8 D, k5 D$ _9 K5 V0 W2 X
Withdrawal from the Social System% R* @& C V6 a, {
65. Stay-at-home
* t7 m. b% l* }/ Q$ j9 w 66. Total personal noncooperation# n5 R: d! d1 s# J( J" M' \; I
67. “Flight” of workers# H$ b3 h. I. K+ r2 M
68. Sanctuary% @( t ]. P3 S6 X
69. Collective disappearance' H& \) U# r$ |! J6 l# J0 p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& G1 N4 H" [( i5 }
s! e' b0 c6 r5 R$ t8 S; l - L" q( b' L7 c/ \, d9 Y
' y4 A5 O6 n" ? \, O9 ?( b" m9 [
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 _5 D2 {4 B; O& u
8 W* _- I6 l2 \$ N3 q6 F+ s
) c% A, h. g5 e) k9 c# pActions by Consumers" r5 O Q7 w/ }/ ~4 ]
71. Consumers’ boycott! i& w0 O0 z7 Z3 Y. }
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 Z6 N) w2 [& e1 P6 k# ?: S3 d
73. Policy of austerity4 ?( K! M% x S5 f* D/ q# d. B' R
74. Rent withholding0 E$ N0 V7 g! a( E4 h& y1 k
75. Refusal to rent7 {$ ]1 H4 e. G. u
76. National consumers’ boycott3 b5 t6 m2 q9 |9 c- i+ W
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 w% I: C' F( w) y/ b1 J- T# A" I- E4 F% G7 Y; W
Action by Workers and Producers
( b$ b7 T3 V" L( K; U Y5 b7 q 78. Workmen’s boycott
9 T! ?5 |: j# |8 L: k5 {( s4 U 79. Producers’ boycott
5 V" G. \- _( C8 n( n. v
+ m7 h5 o5 H2 z1 U* n( GAction by Middlemen! J# u0 s2 v8 [: A" S6 P
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott2 C0 }5 c* Y \ i% Y5 P& \
3 Y) j: ?3 l) k' a' p \8 Z3 ~& W7 zAction by Owners and Management
5 m- V( G3 Q2 Y2 \ 81. Traders’ boycott
/ x& Y. l8 \* ~4 ^7 v9 A 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) F$ V& v; w# `, x3 J4 p 83. Lockout' I. F. f# s3 F) r
84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ }# K: Y; t' M! R) j# r
85. Merchants’ “general strike”) R `0 V7 X# l# B4 x
( ?: s6 O4 q! v5 P7 B! R8 w5 w8 ]Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. r) D) C& r6 r3 ^ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 Z) T' o0 `: I- ] `8 z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% I- u+ W7 n( g/ Z5 G
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: q- z' a# m; x: _2 C
89. Severance of funds and credit
# L1 u$ d6 g- @' R 90. Revenue refusal
A( U' Q9 M( y 91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 m8 M3 B# r8 Q# T$ Z& U9 {, B' s
, o! q; l' O8 h% d* \- FAction by Governments
$ `, S/ O/ G% f5 o2 g+ ~4 ? 92. Domestic embargo; ]: ?8 j5 q9 s
93. Blacklisting of traders
* T/ a7 W- A; s, d) S9 q# w 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 ~ x& a# S( r0 Z* ]$ A3 ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo, }- ^& L, z. H+ g) o5 j9 i
96. International trade embargo+ {. P* n% r! i' E. r! ~
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$ o4 O+ L1 P# R0 \( ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 h( b, t2 j9 b) ~9 E3 H3 g8 _& p" B, G; z4 f1 r7 o
3 S$ z: C) q3 ]8 W! x7 eSymbolic Strikes
4 y, v7 G, m( M0 F* l3 O# c/ _$ j 97. Protest strike
; C) {) G9 ~; v% w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 q2 w- S: e- K- X' v, h) u3 U/ u" X$ S/ M# z9 J4 w! ^/ Q; O& s8 w
Agricultural Strikes
: I' [5 ?2 }& n b a) U 99. Peasant strike
1 P+ }2 D$ q4 M/ U3 Q! G! k5 U 100. Farm Workers’ strike
: j/ L+ |* S4 I' @6 r/ ^( n' r% r( Q; p0 {1 p+ Q7 B: B
Strikes by Special Groups% |* M+ |' p" Y0 m
101. Refusal of impressed labor
G2 |/ x; n7 u* H T 102. Prisoners’ strike- [( M8 ^+ Q# C! e# M9 `
103. Craft strike' p8 `! Z3 |8 o/ f1 n
104. Professional strike
0 G! e4 P4 m H1 a4 C
9 o& V/ \0 o) e& t2 NOrdinary Industrial Strikes9 Q. ^4 N( M. K4 M8 `9 B
105. Establishment strike
' [! m) [ s/ Z- w$ ?: Y 106. Industry strike
. ~$ d3 W5 J3 X 107. Sympathetic strike- o8 k; @! ? `4 n# C$ v' [
' P ~5 j s% J/ s0 b: RRestricted Strikes! }! p& U$ Q8 S- F
108. Detailed strike
# v8 q g/ x* y* O5 k 109. Bumper strike
; F, R' O- `/ {' e& w9 f: T3 |$ P 110. Slowdown strike G ]: _2 H& h1 V( n
111. Working-to-rule strike
9 m( B, M# J: g9 E+ y1 e 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ L# }- q) q1 T/ G9 V, n2 m& D! i 113. Strike by resignation
6 k8 J0 \- L% v8 | 114. Limited strike
2 b" j; |/ k, Q+ K ^6 U 115. Selective strike
4 u7 i; A4 B6 C: N
8 j! [. G% e5 z1 fMulti-Industry Strikes7 N9 n. H* T/ {6 u' o
/ ^# v2 z. ]# n& O 116. Generalized strike
3 F9 h4 C% r# X
+ Q, D0 H' U' r9 R$ H% Z* u+ w- w) J 117. General strike
3 a Q4 n6 l5 A4 R6 F1 f! x8 a% _" L) m
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; q4 ^3 x1 m) l) ^: n
* D3 k4 f6 a) y7 y3 q$ R 118. Hartal1 L0 F0 z' e7 i& O: d: A
5 h1 e6 @+ g8 d/ {/ T
119. Economic shutdown% N& Z: w/ x# a8 k* W
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7 P" ?& k$ Q. z2 G2 T: a4 v* yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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9 s9 u* e% P N0 F8 A# h3 n: @3 \2 q; dRejection of Authority8 n- E% E* E6 C
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
d8 v! m$ v. I! o5 z 121. Refusal of public support
- d; W9 \+ h+ ]/ l6 q4 {, J# r0 N5 k7 B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ A9 ]+ g+ C7 L# H( K4 q+ ?/ ^6 L4 d, j
7 `$ i! D& a. Q$ q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 F3 j( J4 e1 G4 @' a 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; V: ^! E# z% a* S8 v$ D 124. Boycott of elections+ B5 T, o" h- g% Z: s( r
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ c+ z. F+ O6 _0 l* X, @ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 R) m- O% v/ x9 ? 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- r# y Q6 o$ \) [) q9 s 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 n% R0 ~4 \: F0 _; _$ y6 U
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 g. h& }3 H$ i3 M3 X. } 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 X- C+ D* A! I# c/ Z
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& ^" T) T7 ~+ {/ M1 v2 d
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ ~5 y% Q* F+ Q- Z# F' f* h* k
5 G8 X' Y0 _& G: FCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 f1 d! x X7 h0 } B M0 {
133. Reluctant and slow compliance- [" \# q" m# Z- S/ A& h2 @" ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 f- \( G P5 @2 y7 y 135. Popular nonobedience
+ w6 b6 o7 }" i: r5 E- @6 } 136. Disguised disobedience
$ f# A2 W% g m% O, n 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
, x+ [ M' k: y' U 138. Sitdown
' V# x7 Z) h* c) _6 d3 m' h4 _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; C% n% I1 b4 H/ _
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# |* Y2 e0 z8 u5 e2 h$ b
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: W$ m8 v' p: m9 {5 x I; v! j4 r# F, @$ B
Action by Government Personnel# ]5 w. j/ D- u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
, E5 F$ Q) b/ k* I$ ~3 z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% w/ \; t. W) q* C 144. Stalling and obstruction4 @( s; I# ~( a) C: l
145. General administrative noncooperation
; X* A' W; q; ]1 ?
; T7 t* ~, x" T, Y* |. N, J 146. Judicial noncooperation5 z6 ?. ~- J0 J" g
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 i* o! m0 ~' k- L 148. Mutiny+ s$ v" p# U% B& T) \
Domestic Governmental Action+ O$ P) h5 c+ z: u
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# f( c* ~7 X k( y7 g! F9 D 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 |2 C" d; _6 ^+ F7 R/ U- J
2 l \" V' p6 c. a8 u0 T6 SInternational Governmental Action: d5 F) `! C! z# r
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 ]. M! r- [! ~- \0 ^7 [, p 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 K, ?' U1 ?& x0 _& s0 V) X' n7 C 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ h$ p+ O% A0 l* |! q9 n9 H
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 x, s& X8 @' S% ?1 K 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- K& L, {) |3 @+ u6 H 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies! n# G4 j1 U: a3 n. Q/ Z4 p
157. Expulsion from international organizations/ S: \( C, U" W$ }
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! w9 g: `# O) f2 N/ ~ t q; L% z( OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention! m( L" a$ `. i) E7 l k8 X
158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 ^3 n% c; W9 c4 v; z. T 159. The fast" [3 t _! N$ d% _0 B- y- H
a) Fast of moral pressure
3 g* r9 J) }0 A% G b) Hunger strike0 I1 W, r4 O8 X |+ h
c) Satyagrahic fast
( _, m' {) }9 ?% k 160. Reverse trial
! x+ { t, s( ^$ M 161. Nonviolent harassment6 y- `. o$ e8 h$ ?& W8 _; H
; l0 G& S' G- I/ dPhysical Intervention% J7 y/ D9 `0 k$ y7 c8 R" ]5 p# |
162. Sit-in# O" e3 }( `1 b
163. Stand-in) `8 E+ h6 |" t6 Q( Q% T9 g6 R
164. Ride-in
x, K( T) [! L: } 165. Wade-in6 j1 J# N4 \( a, M3 h$ l# Q
166. Mill-in0 Y, I# [; w, t6 G) A6 e
167. Pray-in
1 d3 p( V/ |% }! D0 w' O/ C0 T' ] 168. Nonviolent raids( m5 r! G8 ?& E, e2 G
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ N' W' ]! y5 {7 k! v/ v5 s 170. Nonviolent invasion
/ K0 o9 L% E) }8 ~" v 171. Nonviolent interjection2 C4 F: ]! @4 Q
172. Nonviolent obstruction! G4 `) Z0 J. p+ S0 r1 u+ k0 B9 w. j
173. Nonviolent occupation5 r9 o+ s; B+ d- q7 K
6 k5 `1 {0 H1 \$ G) I; wSocial Intervention# g5 H0 w* _! a$ Z8 S' ~5 |
174. Establishing new social patterns& V' b; `. N6 a$ x% w
175. Overloading of facilities
4 U2 o% P/ X; I: i 176. Stall-in5 z; h: R+ O6 U& g. e& _
177. Speak-in7 q+ |8 c5 A% b6 h
178. Guerrilla theater1 T2 i; p$ \5 d _+ {0 U. p' S5 {
179. Alternative social institutions
5 H ]' e2 s: V 180. Alternative communication system
& A6 C7 Q; b: _# Y4 W1 i: c, e+ K( `; n% T0 U1 M
Economic Intervention
5 N4 k: n' s W' C5 z- i 181. Reverse strike, D, @$ t0 H7 D0 _: F
182. Stay-in strike
( Q! i5 J! P$ t0 v8 n 183. Nonviolent land seizure7 I( c" |. e6 n3 ~ I
184. Defiance of blockades
0 B [( c# v# k5 o0 l6 _$ m 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& R, }8 a# c8 x# @2 K0 x1 N0 k# ] 186. Preclusive purchasing J' v$ }( Y! h$ {2 B7 {
187. Seizure of assets4 d1 {5 f. j! r: Z
188. Dumping
g% Z" W1 j4 G 189. Selective patronage7 X9 H [' e5 q5 X- L% _9 I
190. Alternative markets, o& `1 @8 L0 t2 D/ T1 e
191. Alternative transportation systems% H1 l: F& Y) S7 v0 S: Q2 W7 w
192. Alternative economic institutions
3 v5 f- x$ [6 ?6 j" k6 B8 r8 O7 s. R3 n' E4 a
Political Intervention! w8 {5 |- @0 u# B5 N
193. Overloading of administrative systems- b4 i6 m p. F& f
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
+ l- S3 ?, |% h% s8 S0 D 195. Seeking imprisonment- |$ C c; k1 ~- @4 _1 o4 \. r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& A. ]% M4 R7 _9 R 197. Work-on without collaboration$ t6 o$ C. P8 ?# C: z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 d+ ?8 i+ t+ V, i( _
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
