 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# C+ G; i' N3 _# Y H# i
Formal Statements
9 o! K% c: I0 s; X" e 1. Public Speeches0 M8 ]5 F0 G! k
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 u. B* W- \0 w5 q- k" W 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# `7 I2 G7 p1 s5 r. ], |; l( {! T 4. Signed public statements
; b' k3 |# o+ m 5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 b# d; ~$ E% R
6. Group or mass petitions% C3 |/ Z- x& V/ `4 g
( A* |. i* a3 [3 D% D+ j3 mCommunications with a Wider Audience
" @( ^7 L% T$ Z" N/ y% I 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; A* T' |, G! f5 n 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& x0 G4 }* d8 E$ w/ ^
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 q/ @' D) W* M* y4 l/ U* Q; j1 b! w
10. Newspapers and journals
/ r# A/ i2 G- Y8 E 11. Records, radio, and television
: o: H# O$ \2 w$ J |# [ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" C" N" t. n# O! ^' U% n4 p/ _
* k) q" a" Y8 h8 RGroup Representations
& H/ b" c1 t7 r! E7 g 13. Deputations7 a3 M' b% O [' c0 {( A; \) t, e
14. Mock awards
# l. f3 N* y0 L/ ~7 p% A' l3 l 15. Group lobbying
. i# j e {' R# R/ D: C1 X 16. Picketing
" J$ H% z. C8 V3 u4 l 17. Mock elections
) G. N# ]8 w( M2 n9 s2 Y5 W6 c1 _% B. U" D& P6 |7 p
Symbolic Public Acts" [% y) ~( D8 x0 ` _1 ?
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 W( x8 h: s$ l z1 G
19. Wearing of symbols u$ r- D( w+ b% u% T' {, c8 {' K! d
20. Prayer and worship6 @ P2 P2 y' `# H
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ b9 ~. w) {5 E
22. Protest disrobings
; x* Q6 G4 S- e" U! \ 23. Destruction of own property
2 ^& x' N$ d8 d2 N$ k; u 24. Symbolic lights
3 B0 I0 k5 j7 f! j, t; a3 o" a 25. Displays of portraits2 W5 E* h3 J7 o c8 Y' k8 [
26. Paint as protest; U c- v6 A! ]4 U* _
27. New signs and names \6 {9 K. w' _2 t7 { g, Z- x
28. Symbolic sounds% e) x5 p& x: _$ }" s' H
29. Symbolic reclamations+ A* o- o; ~$ r: z3 V
30. Rude gestures7 p) \( `) G$ I! D/ }7 t. a) O
- ^8 `2 V- E7 e6 a3 c
Pressures on Individuals4 Q7 E N1 L7 \! |
31. “Haunting” officials
& f/ ~& d0 d6 @; n4 i! `. ~% Q 32. Taunting officials
7 ^) N4 k2 q6 `3 ]/ U 33. Fraternization
" y4 ~8 R1 g* o1 ?7 y 34. Vigils
1 L: m$ n$ P$ y$ L) k+ T: V9 J% a8 G" ~
Drama and Music; \+ [9 p. E# v$ H# |9 T) [1 k
35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 N: N5 B) ?* `3 L u, Y O3 R 36. Performances of plays and music0 d0 }. T$ @5 M4 c& }
37. Singing
4 o: }8 V, Z+ b% s: N k( Z
9 F! ]; O I( Q0 Z, lProcessions
) V7 c. H# q! R, _' J 38. Marches4 m$ h3 B" F Z& {
39. Parades
% c4 J6 o' _7 `7 K5 N* q+ n5 C 40. Religious processions
' B1 C2 v5 R# f# |; J# o 41. Pilgrimages. D' I3 u' }) o5 c' |
42. Motorcades
2 x; L; z' J5 l( z+ r: s& a( B% n2 N
Honoring the Dead' ]3 n% z8 ]% j: N- D
43. Political mourning; U/ d; T! A+ o& x% m
44. Mock funerals
y0 J$ q# l8 [ 45. Demonstrative funerals4 m7 w9 W/ @( K4 T: A
46. Homage at burial places
- D2 i$ P: I% }, U; N/ K7 B" `+ e. F, T
Public Assemblies
5 M) L7 m; o; G1 k1 v+ Y7 ? 47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 c5 V/ U/ V* M8 R# o4 w% R 48. Protest meetings
& L7 y0 K/ z( h" X1 r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 i, }" L4 Z! d2 j) n- p- n 50. Teach-ins
8 |; f6 U# F3 b4 ~/ r' R+ O V) K/ B$ |
Withdrawal and Renunciation
5 Q9 s. t! U" g$ y% B1 o: B 51. Walk-outs! N9 g; `/ d/ u) @
52. Silence& ?: @, l; {/ n, g/ N
53. Renouncing honors2 |+ h$ B' W0 @8 X
54. Turning one’s back6 C5 |, \) i" k w, G1 @
- ?8 [2 k( g& h" b* x' l. }" d- ~) q
6 j! Y$ R. E( H' p* f, k6 {
/ Y( G Q2 B/ \$ Y, @: uTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- `" R* U& T8 _" I/ ?
5 ~- |6 r/ x6 O
8 c* \( U- H0 m/ u0 f1 m( t. ?
4 e4 e* A6 q9 e" x4 S
Ostracism of Persons
3 N4 x: ]+ U( X" x 55. Social boycott! {2 j5 V4 {6 o% k0 {- d
56. Selective social boycott5 t0 C+ G; L# q' r% r7 K0 I0 L
57. Lysistratic nonaction) d( |1 X+ G9 }
58. Excommunication
% F+ R- f" a: m9 h- I( l 59. Interdict9 I% e+ }& b) P% {/ v
; N# k1 t2 Q1 m
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& R7 n# N/ @( g* z) X$ d
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. q8 O5 E; ?: s5 Z! [0 x5 K/ {! g. ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs/ @: a% T4 z O a( k+ f7 c
62. Student strike9 n1 F; `" E z& ?) K) [3 }; H1 Y
63. Social disobedience" X* D* V T4 z& ^( O8 V Z) e
64. Withdrawal from social institutions' z6 \ ^, @4 c4 S3 y
{- n ]' F2 |( KWithdrawal from the Social System
( Q$ N$ G2 H# x 65. Stay-at-home
- \: P- a/ C+ g! G: R6 F; l 66. Total personal noncooperation5 r i" s$ }2 n$ m( @" e' c
67. “Flight” of workers
& Y1 B. H' K4 K6 K. Q- j; W2 ?4 Q3 ~ 68. Sanctuary
& g& H% @* s+ F2 L 69. Collective disappearance: f, V% B; f' l( o& `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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0 u' n1 l1 b# G5 B0 ]0 m' t
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS Q0 ]. L) ~$ J
) H8 E X. }5 j( G: v9 v
0 w# F/ F* ^0 h2 `Actions by Consumers
" G( @" Z; z6 E 71. Consumers’ boycott7 c/ L l) z2 _& Q* B
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 J4 P1 G0 I5 H6 W+ J4 z- n
73. Policy of austerity
/ @+ `1 [3 c8 a 74. Rent withholding' }) {2 e( p/ H# { c% F. x
75. Refusal to rent& Y: j, X$ r# ]
76. National consumers’ boycott$ q" G. B- O( _: e1 M; |; H
77. International consumers’ boycott; z2 z* b& @7 o' _5 s) |& i2 z
+ W; W' Y% N$ @ D' H* ^1 s* O5 yAction by Workers and Producers) I% [$ G {9 [7 u7 ]" |, E% g
78. Workmen’s boycott
# t- j0 M% c+ A, r) C 79. Producers’ boycott5 a& A! l* i3 }# F0 Y- P1 n+ L) r+ R
1 W' F+ B4 o2 e9 ?2 X7 r0 T0 X9 o. JAction by Middlemen
; ]# V( X2 {8 t8 H 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% G+ s. J/ M' S$ L6 W* J/ {
# D; s5 M) S# z+ S3 `3 YAction by Owners and Management9 G5 D8 @- t }" e5 ] U2 ~
81. Traders’ boycott
8 d! `& v5 z* U1 v% R8 b" A7 u+ a 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ q4 S2 G+ \& B- M& j) b 83. Lockout
/ _' c$ p/ P% {$ ? _ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ O6 L0 c8 c h4 p
85. Merchants’ “general strike” O* ~; R# F5 o8 T0 X n% S
8 ~: v+ @8 ]( v" x9 d3 V$ d$ Z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
# ` l" Z ~: u7 v/ F$ X w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) h, T$ h: u. T9 W4 ?" ^6 S 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- |, k; V& p- z: Z7 F+ }* s, ` 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 ^; x# m' |) O# f. u0 g 89. Severance of funds and credit
( Q. @; A d+ u# ~% {8 C; M# ^7 | 90. Revenue refusal8 ~8 j1 W0 [! u5 \: C/ \
91. Refusal of a government’s money
: Y: \9 {/ a t' r# Q9 C4 O& G5 h0 V1 d9 j; t, }+ g" S" Q/ ?
Action by Governments; B4 G* p: d1 B7 c& l
92. Domestic embargo2 t- W* D& C( e
93. Blacklisting of traders
, s/ E6 q1 ?' e 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 B( U: L# {8 x" |5 F1 k 95. International buyers’ embargo
% b! O8 d4 P X4 k7 g3 X 96. International trade embargo7 }+ S3 O7 N' x- D' B$ f
) X5 X1 ~/ b( ] `# R# z4 V, ~ 6 l% H) T( N: G* u1 B
; Z# X7 b8 g: \: {( z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# F z' v" ?; B( O# i1 C* P
+ Z1 W4 }5 r' i& ~8 n, J * X7 I: V+ }( M6 U5 G" {
Symbolic Strikes
! ^; T1 ]& K% E- {# B4 m" U+ Y+ H 97. Protest strike3 w5 Q. ?3 T$ e0 W! S6 C
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 d' z: n$ r3 E
/ E( }( C+ w3 ~9 s$ {% u+ [5 k
Agricultural Strikes
" W! [& M- F9 a( M 99. Peasant strike
) ?: S* [8 q7 P4 ^7 T |: k) q 100. Farm Workers’ strike) z9 J; Z( I5 o! {7 M9 f- R
) U, A/ N* ]1 x' n5 m; H0 u' mStrikes by Special Groups
4 y+ e. b/ C& C, \. f+ s 101. Refusal of impressed labor
' i/ f( ~) o; E/ @ 102. Prisoners’ strike
# t7 c8 e0 G& H/ K 103. Craft strike
8 b3 P6 R2 m! x8 c. i* d# O( x 104. Professional strike; E4 o+ ^5 J9 E" Q/ a
/ t* S1 E9 I" Y3 y! {! R+ q. N
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' T& f- G0 B& E* R9 R 105. Establishment strike1 Q5 ]5 E- l' G; `# O. H' E, G
106. Industry strike
( A( G- V) w/ D) o4 W 107. Sympathetic strike8 ?7 q0 V6 `- |
% P9 {& L" O4 P8 i$ d. B3 RRestricted Strikes" d9 Y4 f0 Q+ _" c
108. Detailed strike
1 w9 `' g2 G4 C& } 109. Bumper strike
/ P( C1 N4 a; \% @6 _ 110. Slowdown strike% i0 c% Z4 c( ?& O- [
111. Working-to-rule strike
: ^7 P Q; h1 d6 C/ A 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ ~; e2 Z& o; m: U4 R 113. Strike by resignation
9 ~0 j0 y2 L: \1 ^ 114. Limited strike
: R3 o/ M; w7 }, U0 e/ s% K 115. Selective strike2 l3 o7 j% J1 u# O0 Q+ T4 ]0 m% o
# X$ H" k, C4 w D) JMulti-Industry Strikes
" W! t, \! W* q" O9 H- o4 J0 ?$ t% A/ z/ I8 H0 c
116. Generalized strike' l' S/ Q9 M0 e# t
* e( d: }. ? Z2 ?* U5 Q
117. General strike
# C1 z! N( b) S$ c
% f% {7 \ ?& cCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
' _( u$ Z, @" G! p( u
j" [% ~3 r4 c2 F 118. Hartal
5 d5 n3 [% [+ `- q/ c7 X# C' S$ U
, E' S; Y' t6 D 119. Economic shutdown
. h+ k% ?% b/ {# q1 |
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4 k- H) ^. P! @, p3 o6 e8 ^& }) R- U
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
% `8 |! d5 n* T1 H9 p2 @; R3 f1 k& u: O( ?( {! `* B
9 k! {, L4 U! G5 c1 `4 n5 jRejection of Authority
! H. P2 ?. j; s: w9 s' w' f7 E# p 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 i% {( Q( {5 E5 o 121. Refusal of public support" Q9 H% {# x4 Q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 N: P3 i( x A; ~" q- X
; B" [& k6 \; B6 ?1 _5 D
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) Z" p6 E0 d8 L3 E8 Y1 @6 y6 ` 123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ `) ]/ B! [8 s% F: w
124. Boycott of elections! _6 n. ]0 l/ ^' }! ^6 u
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, P4 J& B" d% _1 O+ _7 g; A6 d 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, D% } j6 X- F6 h' r! n
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 a4 @8 O9 ]: b' f G3 ?! q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations ~, Y: [# p( M; ~ Q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 O" w/ S; C: [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 \* n- W: s2 Q. N# Z0 g' H
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" @# C% o3 H2 v! q u" ?' W& X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions a8 P9 T4 n* T, R3 k+ y
% z, Q3 s7 i" p
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, d( Q9 `9 K2 P9 s$ \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance, \4 b- k4 `3 s9 ]7 x/ s6 ~7 s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# k6 x6 @" W: E2 M; z; r+ r
135. Popular nonobedience: z% S6 i. F5 k: j7 H
136. Disguised disobedience
" h( z7 n) _. S: O 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ U# t% v$ y' Z0 g( N- T7 P 138. Sitdown
, r/ l) ?' n5 B6 A 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 G/ g: n; P( T5 O 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 s+ M) g8 y: r0 P) P; c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) ?# }$ R* q( R: E! |' V* E5 d0 n# @! R' i) u% r- c/ _; a
Action by Government Personnel$ i6 B! u+ q5 m
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% Y. p/ i2 f2 O9 g0 D" u; o1 @7 S
143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 c5 Y& ~: i* ?
144. Stalling and obstruction5 g; \% C" _ x/ }7 e& R
145. General administrative noncooperation
: c6 T* _0 d/ ]$ z
! k5 V* ^0 l3 t9 x; m5 c! R 146. Judicial noncooperation( z/ L6 S6 V, e; ]; c7 \
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: K2 Q( n9 k( i2 V0 J$ S: |4 T 148. Mutiny
, r: J) A* s5 M3 J: A" E0 BDomestic Governmental Action
' d' Q2 a2 ^( P9 R1 c 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& F2 ]% ]5 O9 Q6 o0 v) `- J- L
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: |0 X7 O7 [0 p* d* w
# e6 j! k/ K. w" z+ _, Y+ ?International Governmental Action& E) s! ]# x# Z3 n3 J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations# P. l6 D9 Z6 K
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 o7 G# ~* R9 X; q% o0 A
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ @6 Q2 D1 M9 v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
]; \+ c7 e: K$ ^. ]0 K3 [: U 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, W. J0 d5 p N/ K7 F 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
: F' U$ A Y" @3 c' m9 A% Z2 D 157. Expulsion from international organizations
* [$ X4 O8 t' A* @1 o5 c8 q& O& e* s u* y! d
5 f# Z, w$ \9 t R0 Y( A6 l3 y8 C+ Q- f( S. `
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ X" w! v- \" R: K }1 d
+ W% @; h! G2 A7 K/ A% [ g& |- ]5 a
( h. f' u( p/ O- }Psychological Intervention$ _, d( h D) n% C' }7 T$ f
158. Self-exposure to the elements
* I3 f7 C4 c- T9 t" j6 U 159. The fast
0 h1 W( n+ K* R: N0 l7 l% i2 u a) Fast of moral pressure
: W% a2 ~/ g- b2 i b) Hunger strike
9 o/ `1 C' `5 X* T! `! I c) Satyagrahic fast
- h2 Z$ M+ E. { 160. Reverse trial/ ]- q2 X. e \, ^4 ]: i& k
161. Nonviolent harassment
; z" o% c( @( u3 M( y- }3 Y, Z1 n/ S* \& k$ n$ N, d
Physical Intervention7 L2 B! ^" d/ \, y5 ]( B3 u1 D
162. Sit-in
! G4 R6 c: k9 E: |( t; c 163. Stand-in2 o/ t3 k# D: _) D- P; y) {
164. Ride-in/ O" m0 Y# ?1 J0 c
165. Wade-in9 j& R, c2 G) `5 ]. m5 c1 o ?
166. Mill-in# t4 u. |- e# N# Q
167. Pray-in
& Q. V" _# E; n; L$ x v 168. Nonviolent raids
) v7 k& N2 N) D- h- \+ M9 e8 O 169. Nonviolent air raids
/ r# [8 S- n; ~/ M1 [4 X9 C 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ H- h @. l/ I 171. Nonviolent interjection0 X- Y4 N* Z& ~" g3 e+ ?' k
172. Nonviolent obstruction
& F* o3 {# v$ B 173. Nonviolent occupation# S8 |+ i! G/ }& {3 p' p) P
$ J2 b% x8 y" p0 a, T7 f" [+ J3 J0 H8 [Social Intervention1 Q) L; y5 T- b9 C! ]- C
174. Establishing new social patterns
; ~5 S# Y N ] 175. Overloading of facilities$ i1 z& l% a' W3 G
176. Stall-in
1 k; Q; [ w7 B- Q, N. l 177. Speak-in
6 V& y7 `# Y5 H 178. Guerrilla theater
a- K* T2 @8 z1 L" ~/ ? 179. Alternative social institutions2 f3 P0 g& g/ [' Z" x
180. Alternative communication system2 W" G! X, j* ^ I8 w
4 X9 w* K, U' bEconomic Intervention5 A& p7 |$ a3 s4 h
181. Reverse strike
2 ]/ F# M. o" X) |2 A% ^ 182. Stay-in strike
5 K: r4 B, W" @3 ^0 X* r P8 p/ G9 t) F 183. Nonviolent land seizure
, ]* m$ p6 m5 i: j9 A0 z 184. Defiance of blockades" ?6 \8 c6 \# Z& a+ K M- \0 p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: U. t7 M# ^8 i, C) J' y1 C
186. Preclusive purchasing
6 d6 @: R M u! ]/ ^ 187. Seizure of assets; m) v' @7 p1 O
188. Dumping0 c- {6 M7 j+ L
189. Selective patronage+ j4 X% U1 l) D5 k! @
190. Alternative markets n+ O" [ R' r9 {: g# a
191. Alternative transportation systems& d% t/ ]% o3 C8 ]
192. Alternative economic institutions
) c5 w* i: h- ~- [5 ^$ l; T5 l8 b/ c* {9 L9 v3 U! u" N
Political Intervention
+ u* y- o* T" Z* b4 M3 Y d 193. Overloading of administrative systems L. C N/ _& ?) l
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ J/ I) L4 ]! x4 A
195. Seeking imprisonment+ O) j8 H- J$ D. m& m
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) V2 Q% O1 S2 v. q9 n
197. Work-on without collaboration
; z3 l( f3 |- c 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government5 U) S; }& I9 U. V0 `# |, A: Q7 s
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
