 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; b' ~: {9 \* nFormal Statements
: x! A7 G/ u5 z- \! r' w 1. Public Speeches8 n( O$ f! w7 Q* e
2. Letters of opposition or support$ D9 _* ]( R5 w$ T& \
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- h% x7 N4 e) a9 n2 z4 a, M% K
4. Signed public statements
( @% S! V# [4 l4 X* b 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( j8 H [6 {8 D7 M2 j& s: B4 H8 ]
6. Group or mass petitions5 h' y7 r% R, ~. D# M
& k% N1 z5 M6 C
Communications with a Wider Audience
4 N$ U& L4 Y Q& t; R Z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' R. R j* f7 C" p% w6 d
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- O5 H$ D, @* }
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books q! S3 h7 k0 H0 L- U6 P
10. Newspapers and journals5 O' J4 {; M: f; h7 r
11. Records, radio, and television0 N* y7 x$ V/ O) e9 F$ V
12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 P1 ^' G4 C1 \+ h7 D2 I$ G
3 K: u! ?0 c+ IGroup Representations
* a# V/ f" z: D/ R5 J- R! R6 @& @ 13. Deputations1 [% B9 l& a9 T3 r* M" M
14. Mock awards! h' p% r# H7 Y: i, ?$ P% J" Y
15. Group lobbying1 T& N/ C1 p5 t0 ~, c
16. Picketing) z! g9 T+ d- o3 j0 T7 }
17. Mock elections
2 G0 R. J( f2 @7 X, V4 U0 z- A' Q3 @( O2 B
Symbolic Public Acts/ K2 P e" j- T9 b& P9 _* E8 V
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 g4 N6 j" d ]% [$ X! \$ ~% X
19. Wearing of symbols" X* }' L; c* u) K1 W4 ]5 c
20. Prayer and worship7 }% T7 k' f7 W! X r
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 z+ m8 y4 T( i* u- v# Y+ l8 t5 a 22. Protest disrobings% o- _; P, g: M$ ?
23. Destruction of own property# s) m6 |3 i3 q8 H) `. P5 k) ~
24. Symbolic lights
3 @- {' l+ b, Z# `: Y& B2 P- ] 25. Displays of portraits2 b: q- T. L7 k9 n5 Z$ q' J! e
26. Paint as protest
- _4 U- r; o/ I& D 27. New signs and names
% M- a1 V5 H4 B0 ` 28. Symbolic sounds2 \% m+ C; |3 y$ S4 @5 l
29. Symbolic reclamations. x5 h8 d0 z, `3 G" G
30. Rude gestures
# [. l, s3 Y$ l: ^) p) ~; a0 R& ]+ ?# x5 ? v
Pressures on Individuals
' g( L5 _% B- N, [4 ~5 D0 _! l 31. “Haunting” officials
5 Y5 j- C. i+ H* b0 g4 ] 32. Taunting officials
: Q2 E, m0 C5 U: j# `3 k5 Q+ ^9 f 33. Fraternization7 K& F: B0 M- N7 a
34. Vigils* E' q% X4 e8 k0 ]
! n* d8 G+ h8 {8 @7 O1 n3 N% rDrama and Music, g6 l; g' Q1 r0 {7 b
35. Humorous skits and pranks
' {; U$ l+ Q/ x9 `" T0 N 36. Performances of plays and music
$ T1 G! S+ | S" T* k: x! {* ] 37. Singing& B& P/ A, {7 B# G# ^, T3 G
3 K7 M0 Y' g* N9 B
Processions- q9 ?: d; [- A5 O( o
38. Marches0 M+ ^5 T% K: S* e
39. Parades( U( [+ L/ h8 W2 k/ q- a% M; |
40. Religious processions
( i9 S) y& F1 ?" Z9 L7 I m" Y9 B 41. Pilgrimages
" M2 b/ r+ N- X# ]" F4 P) _$ F' ] 42. Motorcades
- E# L' c, @7 N2 z7 X/ T6 R' U9 F! W3 X: [) w
Honoring the Dead
; N4 Y% w& V& T- {) F 43. Political mourning
. {- z5 H7 I% J6 g, y# l& w; A 44. Mock funerals
: d q2 V) w1 b! Y 45. Demonstrative funerals7 ]* \, ^$ c9 W- G
46. Homage at burial places; n6 s% C7 E0 d; x* R
; @2 y2 k; J6 m% q1 ^* }4 k
Public Assemblies; ?+ s& _: g- j: n+ x
47. Assemblies of protest or support& U0 _9 {5 P2 e# D2 r
48. Protest meetings
3 K1 O7 E K& e4 z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 y$ o: T) Y1 q: y4 B( M1 P+ U
50. Teach-ins$ k3 x' y2 w3 U2 c; I4 a
: m3 g$ i: S9 T0 [
Withdrawal and Renunciation, c8 G5 N* B( V& B' D+ w1 f
51. Walk-outs/ e4 H4 G- ^3 X- a; U. H
52. Silence
- i3 n; F6 \' | h 53. Renouncing honors
1 a+ V* M- b2 E& O0 I, d 54. Turning one’s back8 i. {$ P* a! r0 n- R4 t
/ E+ W6 Z' M0 Q$ h d 4 T/ n, `4 P# A+ K9 L6 e: R
5 {. |; L' W9 J- U& v" pTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 w* g: s1 w" e/ P5 k$ e
% k6 {& U9 |" U4 }3 O
4 ~3 `+ n+ v# ^8 }: {
; B+ k- ]: w. x! w z, UOstracism of Persons
" M/ i5 S5 d$ I* o7 h( r& z 55. Social boycott% j0 q5 D' |+ [% ?% `+ U
56. Selective social boycott
) {( c7 C C' l, y 57. Lysistratic nonaction- n2 d' V$ W/ d" b8 m7 F+ G
58. Excommunication7 P O8 ~. D4 t7 |6 @% z
59. Interdict
0 Z3 v' A' H& t9 L7 c0 v- m8 M% s
! z# W# o; _2 K) Y2 xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) w6 Q' j4 k" A/ V5 ^4 v 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% \2 _0 H3 x6 L+ O* d 61. Boycott of social affairs
1 a( ^; W2 [* k3 R 62. Student strike
+ N# r* B7 ~& ~/ D8 t: R 63. Social disobedience' M% e3 L6 W/ V9 O2 ?4 f. r
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% F$ \9 l6 n& R% X1 X4 ]
; e8 o6 ]7 O6 a9 z& NWithdrawal from the Social System5 G1 F) w8 K. d i
65. Stay-at-home; a( j6 O7 W4 S6 A5 \1 e0 v
66. Total personal noncooperation) c" w, F3 i1 T- z2 W7 e! _# Q# ^
67. “Flight” of workers! i) \( X4 } M
68. Sanctuary
+ r; D7 j3 E. r( `& A+ E9 X 69. Collective disappearance
* X5 e; d7 g+ e6 A/ l0 |4 H* K, R 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" P( e5 e" U1 m3 {2 M4 _! M
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& O( K3 W! V" E, ~# @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
' n4 v) \$ F7 B5 u- I. Z
; ?: i2 Q) ~5 _2 d% i8 H
8 ]+ V( d. D5 c# \0 m- C( zActions by Consumers, k1 u# `0 x" g
71. Consumers’ boycott7 P6 z3 u! A, }7 |5 u5 G; a* m
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 u9 Q# p7 O. N. Z! a: E8 Z' Q 73. Policy of austerity
$ X& N; A) u3 ]7 E+ X2 h 74. Rent withholding: I" J) u; k/ v* e/ h8 r; M
75. Refusal to rent
* O8 H+ {: T! c3 k8 @4 M: U 76. National consumers’ boycott
7 g( q# F# N) W( u" H7 T+ s2 I 77. International consumers’ boycott
7 y1 a1 P8 Y: `; |. W$ r
) `0 X0 P& m- C+ a* \ C, _$ ?Action by Workers and Producers
& Q4 }0 W' K. T3 w9 w' v 78. Workmen’s boycott
, Y) n6 G3 E( F0 k% W 79. Producers’ boycott
8 a, [' I) ]# {5 v. ~
# c; m7 [ K t% U, PAction by Middlemen* ~' R* o) e1 p' g. s) E" Q w+ `1 P
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. \8 w: j* _/ y8 u* \ z$ h
9 g9 L2 ~6 l0 q
Action by Owners and Management
1 [4 I% T5 X( D# `8 } 81. Traders’ boycott& Q0 R! M- S' k
82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 b) V! y' @0 b* a$ H 83. Lockout
* U& x& e1 z2 v( M$ L' E 84. Refusal of industrial assistance) |9 F% u/ r% v3 c
85. Merchants’ “general strike”% o; z+ c6 V a$ A( B- x* E8 P
. Q$ N2 p6 f) L ?1 VAction by Holders of Financial Resources' L, z& [$ P( p0 X
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' w7 }* M' {" d4 _
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) w( O: J& y( E4 L8 D* d7 h/ a
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& m w8 q9 q/ A$ P
89. Severance of funds and credit
. m% B( q- S* W$ x7 t, o3 B: g+ e 90. Revenue refusal$ K {+ M4 F- G, g- V/ O, ]. k
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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$ s) d# C6 ^0 L8 N' d* DAction by Governments
# P' B* b' }. Z. B+ F 92. Domestic embargo$ {+ [9 x8 n) c* h* A6 _
93. Blacklisting of traders2 U( S E1 U" z& Y7 D/ g
94. International sellers’ embargo" T& x* H9 E1 g8 H+ n- C
95. International buyers’ embargo
2 K/ r* x8 ~5 K% W% R5 i 96. International trade embargo/ i! v2 Y. p4 `- S& e
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. s1 W7 F$ p, g& ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
+ V7 A/ J8 }4 w( C' B5 Q5 z( T: N4 v4 x" i
2 ~9 o8 _; u& e/ q: J' p+ }
Symbolic Strikes
; J% Y5 n6 _ p1 z0 v1 @ y0 Z 97. Protest strike
3 a# y# O- X: f0 d% P 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; ]" I* y' [- }* l1 u$ i( \4 A t/ Z. o6 ?
Agricultural Strikes, q& f6 X7 E3 U. N4 W2 Z8 a
99. Peasant strike
# @. U Z5 I' G9 `3 t3 s) R" _ 100. Farm Workers’ strike: I! i: ~9 S/ Q k5 L$ A
, v ~9 x2 Z" I1 m
Strikes by Special Groups4 G# P6 g. k9 D: m+ X! Z8 s" k" p
101. Refusal of impressed labor
}: _2 G! |3 v 102. Prisoners’ strike
% p7 y6 W* d" A0 G 103. Craft strike
( J" x; b% Y; w* u0 F0 u* h# m 104. Professional strike
" c4 k* R. {* v* m- }4 K" t [$ o, R$ D; j3 y8 t) \4 H* H- A
Ordinary Industrial Strikes6 {/ F4 j) m4 `/ B( L" e
105. Establishment strike; V) l* D/ i4 r- J
106. Industry strike
1 L4 w5 S7 X( j7 y 107. Sympathetic strike
+ _& G* L6 n |+ n- o1 I G# }5 j( T% m4 E' s$ v& U
Restricted Strikes+ [5 s: J% t- r" f0 U
108. Detailed strike/ ^2 e4 z" f# r- N; s
109. Bumper strike- o2 V) k; u# H
110. Slowdown strike
6 a9 O4 s ^5 ~) m$ D- C 111. Working-to-rule strike
( n. q0 M2 [+ B 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 {! b; y6 L( z& S/ F 113. Strike by resignation" I9 ~) A R, k( i5 M. J: q
114. Limited strike9 \. |" r- `0 @; k) M' d. z% `, d
115. Selective strike
7 N7 ^2 k. V$ H+ k# o, b
9 C# [3 B; g' EMulti-Industry Strikes
/ H. b; {" x, f/ w0 j# p, w3 N2 G @# Q! X( N( b
116. Generalized strike' T9 F0 E4 k. T
& T! q5 j# J, d8 S/ _* w 117. General strike
% d' B' b7 V) B' f+ Z' p2 `0 A% M2 ?' C; [0 s5 q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures% q* g1 K+ M v) d' u4 X, [
* ~& P1 }' \& P
118. Hartal
, i, F9 e! l% O% C: M6 j% [0 `; u$ F+ |' A& `2 a7 W3 R( V
119. Economic shutdown
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4 S- K3 s7 |/ y Q9 L- z, O, ]
& z2 @ i% r( {THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 J w' \. e$ q
7 q8 v. W. B& c7 ]
+ M1 ^+ h% L4 D# v& g+ T: L% r& xRejection of Authority
6 n; s. X: y1 l( I8 b0 a 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. O0 b$ p5 z l$ D/ i: m o 121. Refusal of public support
' m( Z0 z# r0 C1 D7 M! C: ^ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& j3 h4 Z. u# q; P4 y
1 l8 e! V! j F2 U# N0 ^
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ W6 X |1 P T0 ^6 _- n5 ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 h) p; h1 f9 [0 k
124. Boycott of elections
M* u6 @* o6 i4 @. z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 v- v/ a4 ]% _1 u8 e$ Z! V, {* r( E
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: ^. c- ~' T) G
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( C! Y* _% U/ x5 U. `$ v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ Q- x0 q% \, l8 ]" e% i" D
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* |$ S( M" B0 `* D8 ]9 S/ L
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 A% c3 U4 ^/ b$ Z2 ]
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) }0 v4 z! g" ` 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# @; F/ ], o: R3 V# Z0 `
: ~* E( b( w. y' rCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* Z2 A L' E. h [/ K- V# F5 B
133. Reluctant and slow compliance `) t( Q O( L0 }4 D
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% {. f8 E) V8 t) Z9 } 135. Popular nonobedience1 h) s- p: J2 m: ~( v8 a
136. Disguised disobedience
. Y) y; C h) B; Z# F4 Q 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
j6 ?4 T5 m3 m" x* y& [8 L( l- {, h 138. Sitdown3 O1 k6 y/ o2 ~' i
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) x( H& a; _! F" @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ r, b$ ~$ j9 I6 }* ?4 G1 }" B
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! M" [8 Q& _7 }( I- q- ?1 ~3 L
Action by Government Personnel
! `5 b# |) W* O- t6 } q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* z- J6 z$ {; k7 N# F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! ?1 _# `0 y6 X5 ^" S9 [
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 @; i# \) ~* j" q2 J 145. General administrative noncooperation( l, b' B, T2 o# ^$ h3 ?
, a( N0 Y: D2 D; c: P
146. Judicial noncooperation8 {. k6 i$ S+ C2 B3 J. s5 g$ }# z) K
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 g0 [; ~1 u. B+ N9 Q' B 148. Mutiny1 O( e( R: j1 c* Y$ @9 P& D1 d5 {5 }
Domestic Governmental Action
0 N4 {# _4 B' i" U+ G m) U7 l6 L 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 H% F) r2 K* S2 A 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 Y; F# C: x" t8 X7 a" a$ C; R
5 a1 a+ W$ r- d4 ^
International Governmental Action
0 R" Z+ X+ m) n7 V$ N 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( F/ R+ ]# e0 v1 X# m# H
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- a5 [; m/ e. x' D' |; Z2 }3 ^, F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: Y3 }$ u& Y: @( K 154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 P B5 h# p/ D
155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ u, [. o4 U3 C2 h
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ @$ O* ?) |* k1 S% F! {
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% G- V( A; C: \. J' t
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" u# s; \7 t- X% a) _* VPsychological Intervention
7 F1 Q# x0 Y$ n& c+ V: u) Y 158. Self-exposure to the elements& g# y% v5 c; L/ ?6 I
159. The fast
6 X0 W5 d0 M/ o2 k& f& j. G a) Fast of moral pressure$ s8 u; _0 r1 \
b) Hunger strike$ Y7 Z# N3 Y( `* L4 Y4 Y
c) Satyagrahic fast
' H/ N) T+ D7 o1 v7 L% H1 U7 r0 X9 x J 160. Reverse trial0 ?9 o* E, I& V! Z
161. Nonviolent harassment6 @. g/ {1 Z, N1 k
) u, N0 X% `( Y4 YPhysical Intervention6 ?) y8 P1 t {4 A. n( S
162. Sit-in; l0 M, g$ T# M, K0 e+ Z3 m- K
163. Stand-in, O. l4 Q$ c' C5 x
164. Ride-in: S1 l' Q) `2 X: o0 _- ?
165. Wade-in& |+ P& k8 x5 k2 S( D* B! j9 ^
166. Mill-in2 N/ ~1 ~( ^6 W4 C
167. Pray-in* T. f) N! E- [" u
168. Nonviolent raids- M/ r+ \# |% ?* Q
169. Nonviolent air raids
) P$ g& R5 |2 l/ ]" ~ 170. Nonviolent invasion0 u; g, w+ c, Z
171. Nonviolent interjection
# P0 K1 ~7 Q3 A8 U. h& \ 172. Nonviolent obstruction" R- b; ~+ Z8 O. t" B
173. Nonviolent occupation! H4 T. Z4 `0 k3 M7 ~! j# f9 c7 T3 h
- v# I" `7 s) tSocial Intervention# O, J. l* M& L* j2 @( O M! ?
174. Establishing new social patterns
5 y4 H* G+ l+ m; B P9 O& H 175. Overloading of facilities8 ]" {0 N6 `7 f$ R6 \& r7 \
176. Stall-in
, p6 S; O3 G7 |# K, B( w* x* g, c* L 177. Speak-in
6 P' Q- a" v) _9 `! q9 [ 178. Guerrilla theater( o+ S6 P6 q* F- {: d2 @
179. Alternative social institutions$ g( T# F0 Z0 t& t% ?
180. Alternative communication system1 ^6 b! h8 A9 E
5 A+ w: a; Q' F4 D1 ~7 ZEconomic Intervention
$ s0 b U* I5 ~) c8 H 181. Reverse strike
8 F; b1 k0 }7 N( Y) _7 f& e% b 182. Stay-in strike7 b' f8 z0 M# J( L; @# _
183. Nonviolent land seizure
: _/ f3 R) N: y8 f" d# k 184. Defiance of blockades8 x8 t" y7 D8 n2 ?( ]
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 ]" }* z+ I6 r4 }3 K8 \ 186. Preclusive purchasing
6 n+ R" E2 s. r4 i 187. Seizure of assets) o1 b. I- J* P o3 Z- C) ?
188. Dumping
% h8 \3 m& o9 q 189. Selective patronage
# D& }9 p5 c2 o' b% }: p 190. Alternative markets9 D% B8 x7 N: D, P, u6 F
191. Alternative transportation systems
! \. l& g* {- |9 S p# d0 b% C 192. Alternative economic institutions
% w) c1 I, C( M K0 ?: {, o: @6 c8 g5 ^6 j! J u
Political Intervention
6 |3 A0 ~' @' y 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! ^+ D, K8 C7 R2 Z& k3 M9 M! }8 P 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& R% D: T3 G/ h2 U' a, ^8 m 195. Seeking imprisonment
) z, h" ]+ k) m" Z3 l/ i3 D% v 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 M, l7 [# o6 z; n. U
197. Work-on without collaboration
5 }/ C+ D" [& D& y, ]" N$ p 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
