 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% D# L0 `& U1 I; R* fFormal Statements
4 W! I+ `. G6 s7 k2 n: _ 1. Public Speeches8 E5 m C8 }! e0 n# F2 b
2. Letters of opposition or support
5 v) y3 P# _6 b+ `$ K 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ U! T. D+ [0 L: o; t4 {
4. Signed public statements
# [$ S( ]9 a2 U1 y' s6 T 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: x8 k* B- e4 p0 ~0 X; ^: E 6. Group or mass petitions t" g W: M& d$ _3 X, _5 C
$ h3 M) d: V2 w& M* U! x( h) i6 Z+ ^Communications with a Wider Audience$ f; i! @% y) k# b$ u3 j$ ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, I5 A ^% y: B0 Q9 E& m; T
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. y6 W# k: v2 c4 J0 ~: u' { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 B5 A4 b6 S% v a3 L& [
10. Newspapers and journals5 A; H0 [, n) |" @6 r
11. Records, radio, and television, ?# G6 d: G4 E2 w$ q4 y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 c& R* H$ |/ b. x p; A* `6 q' }* x( i6 W
( I# K! J1 @# [- h2 m2 k# rGroup Representations9 _ q1 G& z6 b
13. Deputations
6 }* `6 H% @ w7 w( K 14. Mock awards/ A" S. s' P, X5 g0 n& O/ ?
15. Group lobbying+ b- Q$ X0 M# x' q7 r
16. Picketing
" h7 n7 d4 s" |+ m; E+ x L 17. Mock elections
; K+ w _# P" f! a& y/ @: k( P
) g) o. u0 j$ T- B. {8 MSymbolic Public Acts
$ l1 d9 k5 _+ p- Q( { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# w' S2 a$ M& m( f% }& i2 L 19. Wearing of symbols
# j: s( ^: i6 i 20. Prayer and worship% r f5 \; n q3 d
21. Delivering symbolic objects" G6 ^. H6 B6 Y. h8 q3 b1 @
22. Protest disrobings
7 p: D' a* J9 @: _1 B 23. Destruction of own property3 H1 v) j. s% V, z; W; r( u, ~
24. Symbolic lights
1 q( m# N9 p- O4 j; O8 c, _ 25. Displays of portraits1 u, i& K# a# B4 b4 g
26. Paint as protest0 p4 U- W) W) V# \8 C. v2 o: t
27. New signs and names
/ I# T- D; P% N& W) w' O 28. Symbolic sounds
. S9 F6 Y! E# J+ T# W 29. Symbolic reclamations
# U# @" \/ i9 z0 }$ y7 l 30. Rude gestures
/ o. b- i6 B) m( ]3 N' B' p
/ I7 g; x- r; F8 ]6 e4 I) o! |Pressures on Individuals; \' M Q' i# x, ]. a" n: V. n
31. “Haunting” officials
0 N! ~) v0 m% |* [: Y 32. Taunting officials
& N+ I" k* _; ^8 D; g7 F 33. Fraternization
5 a/ p; C% r( h# @# E 34. Vigils
) }' x) `& f5 N0 I/ k, O/ H: [( d* B- ^# @7 \3 \
Drama and Music6 B! e3 B- T' V; I7 q
35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 |% ?8 ^7 w$ m4 M5 R) y: w 36. Performances of plays and music
" X. c; F% B" E+ }- K& W4 Y 37. Singing
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) j. B3 R6 A# \2 o- d' V/ U; uProcessions
# k7 B Q6 x. E* A9 d8 V0 b' G+ y 38. Marches
7 T5 _$ p7 x) J& l0 h 39. Parades' R5 j( A3 u, a9 z0 g
40. Religious processions& l; i/ m: d( G/ X+ J8 m1 }. @5 H! p
41. Pilgrimages4 ]8 f$ Q/ K% J0 r: Q! A( n
42. Motorcades
8 J c( G1 w: E% n6 [- O4 c3 }" u' a
) |1 W# }! ?& fHonoring the Dead& U* s4 m2 j* a0 X; s
43. Political mourning
% \% m6 Y Z2 h l 44. Mock funerals& ], c3 d7 k/ e, n
45. Demonstrative funerals7 I' @( ^, q) G4 \- D# w" ]
46. Homage at burial places
3 h8 q; }& r7 E. T7 r; f( d3 x
! r- T% s' p) i# o2 q9 xPublic Assemblies
) g: ?0 f* {5 F+ l9 `, I 47. Assemblies of protest or support, [) q& M" }) i5 i! C% z5 A$ l
48. Protest meetings
% p; ?; F. X: o$ ] 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- Q+ D0 u0 Z" \/ j) o 50. Teach-ins$ Q- h% f+ U" ~+ H0 C! P8 ^. Q
5 c( g1 C% ^, v/ hWithdrawal and Renunciation
5 P5 x1 B! C+ Z; x& g 51. Walk-outs& J( r. ^. \$ B4 ?% R6 j$ {
52. Silence
* J0 K8 j! S0 I2 Z( }1 D 53. Renouncing honors+ _3 Z- R) A' W1 l, T$ h5 U
54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. p) e: o& g2 h' U0 Y5 n
! n( Q @, b$ {. \
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Ostracism of Persons
. ?) j: \/ N+ d. U1 L6 |5 f: U2 f 55. Social boycott0 w# c" V* o1 K
56. Selective social boycott' ^/ e8 f P0 _/ W% P& }' y X
57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ k3 F- T0 h1 I0 c+ H P# S 58. Excommunication
! m' _) S! D9 I/ C# \ 59. Interdict
O7 m( G/ @3 f s4 s G0 V3 [8 D( H; w2 h W
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 o7 n3 f! C$ V+ @1 T% @
60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ x6 k# I0 @" |& B4 ^( H) ^# ?5 m6 V
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 r4 E4 @ H! e% s. t5 g2 J! c 62. Student strike2 V& s+ D4 ~8 X: b5 f
63. Social disobedience) I$ F2 x5 X0 ~0 C0 ]
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 @* |( f B! C) q! Y, k0 p/ p+ S9 t
2 @, q2 j3 M: B5 B0 OWithdrawal from the Social System
+ b) s% c% n) W% S; E1 j+ x 65. Stay-at-home
0 E+ e3 Q& T; S/ e# R: X 66. Total personal noncooperation6 W* l% m' c `4 a( F
67. “Flight” of workers
m4 u9 `3 R+ ^ D9 P 68. Sanctuary$ k! b8 q2 G: [% [9 r( y
69. Collective disappearance6 |$ u! W4 ?( T4 p$ C3 u' k* d
70. Protest emigration (hijrat): S! U2 h: m' R( W) k
& m7 n g1 j8 v( s9 v: D : Z. X& R: ~. _; F; n6 x* \" m
% N! W9 q; R2 mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 M6 V' H' N3 c# D- f
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Actions by Consumers
, @1 X7 M( d5 A8 I N) E% o6 i! B; i 71. Consumers’ boycott' I) N) ^6 F4 w+ G" W! ?0 K- x4 I. G
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, [0 K" f4 ^2 b
73. Policy of austerity" x, @8 Y" x$ `' J3 a$ k, O/ n
74. Rent withholding$ x5 T% @( k" H
75. Refusal to rent
* g8 H8 ^0 O y/ y7 P 76. National consumers’ boycott
" J. g6 E; x5 Z0 R3 A X7 B 77. International consumers’ boycott$ |/ V" l# N" y+ z
3 d) O$ ~3 m' K( {+ XAction by Workers and Producers3 D' H7 e# _& F- m) i
78. Workmen’s boycott
7 W r5 E$ A3 j w8 D) i 79. Producers’ boycott, e6 M/ L4 C7 a$ d& ]7 ~2 g5 O
) e6 H$ m+ o! R) c) TAction by Middlemen
& B+ V$ o) E3 ~7 l$ E6 P 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# Z1 F0 O/ Q- Z& Y4 |3 l. G. l7 A
1 h" \, c2 T2 ]3 }
Action by Owners and Management! ^0 _3 Y) j7 n6 o1 Q2 X
81. Traders’ boycott
# J7 |! B$ O. k: u1 F( H- U: A 82. Refusal to let or sell property
, K3 n7 n; v: O9 a* U0 G 83. Lockout
( \( x) i: Q6 u% B9 F/ O) h8 j6 Z4 u 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) i+ a6 u; U" w' g$ t* P0 W 85. Merchants’ “general strike”: _. R% Z5 U" \
" I' `8 T! c" |' U4 j3 A2 S" wAction by Holders of Financial Resources3 H0 b. }9 C# n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 L# m1 _+ G, {# ]; z8 b
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ Y5 R. c( R G7 t/ w" n0 l( ~2 m 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 s5 q" h; {8 ]% C/ V1 H% C 89. Severance of funds and credit
0 s: O0 ]* q8 f 90. Revenue refusal1 f" n) R: z) c0 Z5 H
91. Refusal of a government’s money
( U0 n2 x/ ?& n1 P6 }: T! B7 P: V# I2 _2 _. h" z i
Action by Governments7 t" @- V3 }4 W/ ?+ b1 L
92. Domestic embargo
1 L' v# g5 E v# M5 m 93. Blacklisting of traders7 F4 O' W/ [) V9 U6 r% n! r9 U/ E' l
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 A$ B3 [5 b3 x" k' { 95. International buyers’ embargo- H0 U; U2 a, m5 V3 n" s
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE. b3 l7 p. _# o# j8 g" Z) t; q
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: k0 r& M z8 F# P6 ySymbolic Strikes1 H: G& F; V; I
97. Protest strike4 O( x* Q& ?& U$ b
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ v+ ?5 h: p& Q9 a* O. u0 n8 A; S7 m# L
Agricultural Strikes" O% ~$ |# C- `! A+ H t% S5 t; G1 W
99. Peasant strike3 v0 x, ], R) G: [$ S. X( f
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 S- I6 H+ U5 i: l! X `/ }
8 {0 [# a' L' Y+ PStrikes by Special Groups! o6 [, X6 W5 o; X5 q
101. Refusal of impressed labor
! s( u3 b4 U; g0 @) s: C5 x 102. Prisoners’ strike2 {! P2 I& r/ i. Y4 I
103. Craft strike
) s$ }* B3 x7 v7 ~3 G 104. Professional strike( x$ r. e: ?$ r4 s
; U2 u6 d2 x2 t
Ordinary Industrial Strikes* |5 k! z, O. Z# }
105. Establishment strike. D9 G0 Z4 s% {
106. Industry strike6 M5 X) b! R, f) Y1 Y# o
107. Sympathetic strike
/ w; S7 o) ]* ^5 ^4 ?" p6 u9 x
( l( r, Z; c m( n8 L& lRestricted Strikes
' P/ n1 K, u2 m! i* K: a 108. Detailed strike
M) ? T, e& ?6 z+ T9 d* B 109. Bumper strike
! |' R, _& f4 q- c" t0 ] 110. Slowdown strike
% Q. j, p8 u! N L9 a# \# a3 J- P 111. Working-to-rule strike
7 x2 O) u0 t& z1 R 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ k, S: x. b% k3 _, ]& ~2 ]8 Q8 j
113. Strike by resignation
1 h. Q. ]; s, S/ w$ U' {, U 114. Limited strike5 w9 ?9 j' f3 ~1 F) H
115. Selective strike9 y& o; o8 u* z2 l6 e
+ D J: j) Q! y5 I9 ~( z, NMulti-Industry Strikes
`* q' m+ a {2 m. R& f6 c+ b; v/ \8 }
116. Generalized strike
* |2 }% O, P6 Y3 y$ j- j4 y6 ~) F0 A1 X9 D( o! x, Q t% O7 S
117. General strike
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" `$ n2 d, Z* I! G. H; }) s( CCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures! E8 I( n; S& H6 t: q% h: h4 G
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118. Hartal
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) H' L7 x( R* O! p! |& x 119. Economic shutdown; }: A b$ i0 d
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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& w7 N4 u& ^; a, t. Q/ iRejection of Authority8 d' M4 r+ A* J, ^, z4 I4 M) \) E" H6 E
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 H5 {6 @7 V+ M+ K; J! v: M
121. Refusal of public support1 y% P1 t, ~, \4 |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 T/ ]. J! J$ a# R g% O) E! r' ]7 A" l0 A. w+ R2 } w% M0 R2 @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ ^5 e6 ?, T0 D 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 i ^" N7 G3 a7 @* o) y 124. Boycott of elections
! Z2 V( M K+ Z6 C' `; \5 a4 U 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 a; t) i' M- M/ Y9 G- b) _* \ `( U
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ C- {/ t2 }4 T' o: g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
Z, J" q/ n# e& {* g5 E$ v 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations i! N( D1 }" ]7 n9 p
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% `- y \1 Y5 a$ y5 Q7 m 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% s4 n; l2 N8 g/ L( x* z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 w j; r# t5 M! N" v: n, S: i
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) b* l8 [1 G) R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance, b7 [. G( f1 `6 {# E. U7 [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; W2 r2 W8 W; F; ]& W 135. Popular nonobedience
) M) R' }0 s3 r: s 136. Disguised disobedience
7 a9 f0 s* P3 o% e* J 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; a8 R0 Q% ~8 t" x8 }$ J; @ 138. Sitdown
( ^$ P! h0 G! p& o- Z4 I) u2 T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 O! e! u3 m& r, j" h
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' a. q2 w3 ?1 R0 W, v+ H% } 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% R2 W3 Z7 m9 B& Q
- y( m/ G, a' w1 c: tAction by Government Personnel
' |. k, l6 j* K3 T* u, b 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# @+ Q( u/ `3 E; x2 E2 J
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; v7 y$ ^9 z) [6 l- \; R
144. Stalling and obstruction9 W) Z* a+ M& t. {
145. General administrative noncooperation) i9 Y( ]/ x4 e3 i# D8 k3 a: i
' f1 ]; ~2 n9 Q5 Y. s0 y s
146. Judicial noncooperation+ h' @) Q; f1 R, E7 s4 U
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% M/ I& _/ ?% I6 A6 m: W 148. Mutiny" w6 c0 Q& d8 U
Domestic Governmental Action( r, h j, }: z7 m, N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 G; p! N' U3 J4 p1 z9 i. q) Z+ \
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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; u1 q8 t8 f7 y! a: I9 OInternational Governmental Action* q9 D' K9 D- f$ R) d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" o `8 m5 j( }0 |4 M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* E S& ^! j6 \- e7 ^ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ e2 i2 O: Q) x# k6 b+ Y 154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 W7 G) t7 h; u
155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 l; A4 Z1 _" `9 G4 x: `
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. f: }9 ^6 G A2 w7 b ?+ N9 v
157. Expulsion from international organizations# T7 l" H' J) I0 o8 o$ ? |; S- P8 R
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0 N, Z# {( q/ k& V' oTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% ~* x; z+ J/ w7 U
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& j2 m2 o' J2 aPsychological Intervention
) t' h9 \# ]2 ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ ^1 N4 n/ N& ]2 k; s" R, H4 l 159. The fast. b: Q x' Z: N* P& y
a) Fast of moral pressure$ N0 p; ~7 g. n5 ]
b) Hunger strike6 ^% ?2 B: y: R7 E! T7 J
c) Satyagrahic fast
( y" G/ B; b J; E 160. Reverse trial
- z8 o/ Q$ g4 C: t 161. Nonviolent harassment
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" y6 f: h# b6 }+ M ?* zPhysical Intervention
3 _; b- ]+ Q2 Y, B! W& T1 b, K; [ 162. Sit-in: B$ L2 f4 P3 ]" N+ f: t
163. Stand-in {7 X1 D9 j$ h/ y1 l
164. Ride-in
( x) q4 e) R" e, o! @( Q/ Z 165. Wade-in
; u a" f: Z" @8 t; {3 K 166. Mill-in
! B2 t4 ^1 [% x$ U% E$ Y7 f/ |3 r 167. Pray-in
0 w1 J: N, ^# ?2 O6 @( y2 [ 168. Nonviolent raids" ] H. l/ g( w& }' I' b
169. Nonviolent air raids
& v( {8 L) l- W' ~: R 170. Nonviolent invasion3 }; v- [& A) t( b# H
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 m0 V$ n' C( `7 q* k; a( t5 |8 n8 Z# { 172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 K0 @5 F U5 O# f2 f$ \2 U 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention( ]" d1 w0 @- [( S1 p* J
174. Establishing new social patterns% B `5 z9 \, s7 o5 V( L5 X, `
175. Overloading of facilities
3 |1 ?9 A/ C6 B- p8 f/ w 176. Stall-in
/ Q4 s) W+ c. Y! S: W4 ?# M 177. Speak-in. ^: t5 |5 |0 R& t
178. Guerrilla theater
3 Y2 n9 q ]" Y, W! v8 f9 _" E 179. Alternative social institutions
2 ^0 F% ], g0 }( V2 _- ^1 i$ X 180. Alternative communication system
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8 B/ U( V0 K: D( uEconomic Intervention5 q2 [$ ` W; Y' z- Q0 w
181. Reverse strike
, q2 \' `9 C9 @3 Q0 d5 K5 P4 C. s- I 182. Stay-in strike
$ N9 h8 M. t2 ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 _" g. S% p$ v$ G 184. Defiance of blockades
0 y% a( Z4 O! Q7 P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; p, A- R" z4 y9 r7 R; b5 |0 F
186. Preclusive purchasing
7 Z# |1 ?! J; x 187. Seizure of assets
* [, N$ K" f+ e2 S/ @ 188. Dumping: a/ U- I9 x0 B1 K) E3 g. ?
189. Selective patronage+ [! p: F# N9 s: C* R
190. Alternative markets2 x( O) v K9 W% J. n: o9 t: h
191. Alternative transportation systems$ y9 g. w5 @5 ?$ m/ m
192. Alternative economic institutions- f' y Y4 a/ P- Q6 i
5 B. w' f. e+ f7 ~4 p' XPolitical Intervention
) C/ O% o, R* ]& M! [. k 193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ b a* y) v5 C, g) M 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
a, a& T, O4 Y+ k# |- ` 195. Seeking imprisonment( I/ M, x0 p' j4 I W
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 \, ^& t) `: S: ? 197. Work-on without collaboration
6 C6 H N; Y; \ K9 ~0 R' i/ w 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
