 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 ?" @. T3 A, f+ C1 A2 `9 QFormal Statements9 N# t9 [0 P! U( |0 g9 G
1. Public Speeches3 y: R- Q1 o* U, m: V* R: ~& Z
2. Letters of opposition or support
0 E% {6 b# s5 \' O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# a1 \1 B& s* ^3 Z6 ?
4. Signed public statements# x- G1 T8 a- r) C
5. Declarations of indictment and intention& b# J4 j2 W4 W* b
6. Group or mass petitions7 B! {5 u. @; X! P
7 H7 F0 S6 x3 h
Communications with a Wider Audience
- w) Q5 q3 G; s+ j( m3 ?. N4 L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 s, u6 ^4 @0 C4 a: V8 Q) ]$ t3 E. E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ W+ U7 n) Z+ d 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% o9 I9 o2 O: W+ N! z2 C& D
10. Newspapers and journals6 y2 g4 V' Q9 A! W# V5 ]5 k/ l) b
11. Records, radio, and television, j5 ?8 k( O& W- U B8 f" t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 C3 g( ?8 Z. h3 x! _, e9 Q; F# W! ]7 E( Y% ]. r+ ^) e# J
Group Representations
2 [3 z p% h' j& _) h+ A( W 13. Deputations' ?3 _; }6 g9 Z4 c6 u
14. Mock awards1 S7 d/ K1 ^6 s* P$ ^( v
15. Group lobbying, U) @) R8 W* \8 F( @
16. Picketing% P# M9 f) k: ` J( @0 d5 ?
17. Mock elections! L! l: C1 D& @ T* _1 D
0 a8 ^! c& O8 E( \. VSymbolic Public Acts
4 ^. B1 r) m2 B% ~ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; p9 @4 `! H4 h& w
19. Wearing of symbols- G# i! b( s6 `7 B/ ?$ {
20. Prayer and worship' a1 x) [# K) w' M) a: q
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ E! d% r+ F: o6 T
22. Protest disrobings, A+ y! M; K4 M; B2 U! }7 h/ t
23. Destruction of own property
7 C9 V7 f+ V. A W' i+ g 24. Symbolic lights
# u( [" ~4 U4 d R5 \ d 25. Displays of portraits1 a4 F0 {) b3 C3 t9 T
26. Paint as protest2 Y) S& Z/ Z- e9 l) b( _
27. New signs and names
9 Y, \; k1 b) V 28. Symbolic sounds
0 ]+ P* R0 d* y& g Z$ N: |* O$ k 29. Symbolic reclamations
- v" M) O& _5 J5 ?. H- k 30. Rude gestures/ C: B4 B V* K! D! ?
; O6 g; k7 z) p* m0 W* |Pressures on Individuals
1 @) j! _$ j& W# L# y( ]1 ?8 L 31. “Haunting” officials
; h3 L; F2 x# `5 X$ V' P 32. Taunting officials% i0 r% D+ {1 b; M" T$ K' \
33. Fraternization
1 j. K$ @- C" F; j 34. Vigils" O4 B1 u9 e0 c& ^ n1 f
; A7 O9 u1 f3 K0 [: D
Drama and Music" C& X s" j0 c; c/ t4 U
35. Humorous skits and pranks" i* Y9 H* I0 C
36. Performances of plays and music8 Z: F/ A* u& [& `$ n7 X
37. Singing. x( Y, ^; S4 {
+ W% ^6 W Q* q, S! j6 |
Processions0 J- U6 z: _3 J! }) ?
38. Marches- P& X5 p3 K9 H6 p/ j5 N
39. Parades
& V& Q8 \0 }- ~7 l1 ]4 g) s 40. Religious processions
+ p' v* n% p$ @/ J 41. Pilgrimages5 W( C8 ]7 {3 c8 o
42. Motorcades& U5 b8 @$ y1 c' T& K( t. r8 ~
, c; o! q7 _, |* sHonoring the Dead
' C( {+ h W- Z L# H 43. Political mourning
$ ?! i+ k; W0 l9 b! w q& l; R 44. Mock funerals
- N8 I1 O! D; W7 K( z6 C6 Q0 b 45. Demonstrative funerals g) L- ^, u8 I; }& M
46. Homage at burial places s+ C+ [. R2 K6 o% @
' m$ C# f% B0 \ n- p" S N0 EPublic Assemblies$ i! p% ?& o& W3 L0 r
47. Assemblies of protest or support
, Y) U& d0 T5 q& ` 48. Protest meetings
8 {" K0 L9 a& n9 e/ }) O/ ^$ X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 m: ?4 a8 U/ z% }# z
50. Teach-ins' d* ^5 S7 S; H
/ P3 ^# Q7 F$ D6 F/ z+ TWithdrawal and Renunciation l2 x9 {# m4 T8 g7 a8 x& L( h7 f
51. Walk-outs' }1 ], G: G# [+ c; Q* r+ [
52. Silence! h/ Q) U B. S2 M- x* Z
53. Renouncing honors
" f8 q; } l F7 f' B* v$ e 54. Turning one’s back
% Q( o- W+ y: e4 d( e; D' Z8 `( B" f1 Y) b, O
; Y4 c- l; w! E+ P
6 x0 g# X8 C3 t! B* ]& }+ @6 W# K
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 q9 x+ u2 P; e9 o. Z9 O# F2 x4 x, d) ]1 o. B2 m, Y% f
3 a- y# y6 _* l# A& `* u9 K8 b
1 j7 u7 i2 `. q9 k: ?
Ostracism of Persons' X% V- Y# M! N
55. Social boycott" U7 G& d F# g+ h% ?& f
56. Selective social boycott7 k4 E) S* }& v. a: d7 d5 M! e
57. Lysistratic nonaction9 M! k, C* f0 c& e# a
58. Excommunication4 f; M- \8 l- z* J0 \
59. Interdict
& j* i7 `6 K* \( e" O1 e0 Z
9 T, ? m% A z% U3 BNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions* x8 Y! k4 ^4 P( _
60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 _0 v/ s2 J0 }4 l, ~- ^6 Z
61. Boycott of social affairs
# Q( X+ ~, p5 r$ d( g. \% X h 62. Student strike" d8 m0 R: }: Z7 g$ B: D
63. Social disobedience
5 I+ [4 \; A# X! Z& C/ E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! t _3 j; I# @
# \" ^( g( I" \/ l6 J$ YWithdrawal from the Social System
& J! x4 }% E2 _' G! M 65. Stay-at-home9 c" X3 j5 E* H: Q/ N
66. Total personal noncooperation
3 r5 V% n t( y7 V9 n7 i+ W% ^9 H 67. “Flight” of workers1 L/ @% r) ~) e5 i; Y `
68. Sanctuary8 L( ?: X. D3 G& y1 Y
69. Collective disappearance
I3 ~4 c$ r% f 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& ]4 y7 W+ r( [4 |! y F
$ j# ^, D" G. Q% o5 g
% a& d4 V; d# D7 |: ^7 K$ h
% x: A4 i" x. b2 l- g1 tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
" \9 H, o. i( N4 E4 [' U0 Q9 G& g: E6 `
7 ?! F( M7 b. e3 q& J, FActions by Consumers# G% k/ @% Q4 S' B1 o4 B
71. Consumers’ boycott3 B4 l' B) ?% X; [3 E" A
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. V) b a, T/ e 73. Policy of austerity, N+ l0 ]+ y+ w# l7 y
74. Rent withholding% x0 j- d8 c) H/ v
75. Refusal to rent* ]) b G3 h% c( K3 G2 G
76. National consumers’ boycott
2 D# }$ `* z4 C# m* d7 @5 ` 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 a' q4 N3 S, U
1 B9 h& Q s7 Y) n6 c2 FAction by Workers and Producers
]9 [& r) \8 g! ? 78. Workmen’s boycott
; h$ f5 H/ \& \! a/ S 79. Producers’ boycott- W, b6 _9 d7 f M' K
" ?9 G1 _9 ]7 v+ z5 B5 L$ W+ S) k
Action by Middlemen
6 L9 O* o1 ]7 N9 f7 M9 b 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 q% n; S0 p2 j4 R: Y! X6 y1 l5 i |1 R! f8 Y
Action by Owners and Management" r' R# |( P, Z9 a6 b+ f
81. Traders’ boycott' y a( g8 h5 o
82. Refusal to let or sell property& q- R$ ~. o. P
83. Lockout
3 N! F/ {+ [) f 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 V- T4 M# K4 D, E ^0 D 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% m! L# c) Z; ~3 _
4 J& r H/ j! Q/ {+ V& v
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. I0 \' U+ t* ?! [0 y. H* E4 ^ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits ^: C& {$ z5 d% M* Z7 s/ y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 s: o6 ?9 a4 C; X v
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ X0 |9 Q' |; p* ^* ~9 u 89. Severance of funds and credit' U [/ }/ W5 A: l
90. Revenue refusal: |1 H+ a6 R. c
91. Refusal of a government’s money
( x4 F* O5 l4 [2 h2 w$ P2 |( M2 G6 T5 O& V
Action by Governments: q8 Q' m, I* |- N
92. Domestic embargo
! B$ D' S; U4 t1 h 93. Blacklisting of traders
) H" u# {! y' i% S, @+ i' ^# b2 |) ` 94. International sellers’ embargo* d5 `3 v6 |# E0 Z! l9 y
95. International buyers’ embargo
5 B; ?( L1 J/ d" x: [ 96. International trade embargo
8 p5 c4 Q( c* R3 R
" k$ g) B; |; C5 F1 d2 x8 L! Y 0 G1 r$ _- \8 h6 v# O# @
, G4 y1 d6 `, R5 m0 g9 }2 uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) r" E, E$ O* t' j2 M4 W3 W" K) U
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. n- w4 t* l( s/ {* J/ X% TSymbolic Strikes
3 {: w4 Y; |" f, l0 U! J 97. Protest strike; M7 `. _% M5 w, M B8 ~
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 Q; O! v& ^4 m y- v/ l
- a- `& Q4 M' P n2 jAgricultural Strikes
- C3 F C8 u( x 99. Peasant strike9 ?0 d6 }; S! S# G
100. Farm Workers’ strike) E6 d1 n0 a3 \7 w
* [; ]6 J$ I& T3 r( I! x9 ~/ k3 K% _
Strikes by Special Groups
7 f% L* b5 Z, Y( M3 N 101. Refusal of impressed labor7 U6 V* n6 h' p# x+ F8 u$ S3 [2 [
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 q0 j0 i, q; U- ^ 103. Craft strike# d. i9 N1 |/ h. c
104. Professional strike* Y$ [; K( ~. u- |
, z- U9 ?9 b/ j) P) |% o# n- y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% w6 A, C# p) H) M0 J
105. Establishment strike
0 u2 f' q. s" X* y5 g) S 106. Industry strike
/ Y; M4 E5 W% k& S 107. Sympathetic strike
3 @( U+ t+ ?" b6 d6 k) D2 G( g% ]) w
Restricted Strikes) z* K3 f O. }3 z8 ^0 _' _. _* Y4 l
108. Detailed strike
- T2 T8 j1 c' B( P' J 109. Bumper strike- X: P- w+ L; t& |! N
110. Slowdown strike' z& \# k, V) ~
111. Working-to-rule strike
; E9 V: I: Q F% p6 H1 s 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
{$ c4 G) ~7 c" w; K3 a$ u, R) j u 113. Strike by resignation6 j% ^- r8 b. m5 j7 a
114. Limited strike' m( Y. [) R8 O" X: f3 ~' F
115. Selective strike
* m q# Q' ?' X" l# ]* x$ w+ B& [, e5 ^0 [$ _' {
Multi-Industry Strikes
, i% D3 I, e: j, x H7 Z
3 K% |- \5 j& O8 s7 V 116. Generalized strike
$ y6 l* y' ]/ f0 c% f8 {7 ]$ {$ G: s% M; ~3 _; s
117. General strike
( B8 e6 }4 T) A% X: y( c
G+ k! w* ^ k9 NCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ ^6 ~3 H% d7 P. e0 F' w
- s% i& `& M: \& m$ k9 A$ K+ [2 v 118. Hartal
1 t/ u7 q; F: L; i5 y' m& _: Y# P. J! m8 g% z) I& o$ B: E
119. Economic shutdown
% v1 X3 P0 t; a4 d0 w$ _2 A7 e: e0 G8 B4 k: q# K, e4 [
9 m$ s d+ P7 R) A- p
& {( C2 Z% G/ e+ u: N( ^$ |
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 {% a% m/ W( r- ^) @
& }, f% u8 m# B* ^7 x
2 v+ H! g5 }6 \; c& ]4 ZRejection of Authority" i* W w8 R, a5 G! f1 o) G3 y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. ~! o' a" p$ {6 x/ _ 121. Refusal of public support
5 z6 r. B1 _$ j: k) b0 D 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( {2 w- b) v# j v. j ^! s$ ` M/ Z. ~* T4 N
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, W6 R/ e% w: O F 123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ P* Y& z. |5 [5 s* H- a7 l
124. Boycott of elections
& e- O2 {/ u3 V' u 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
/ }& }& R0 S4 r+ U 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies8 i' J6 ?( S9 }' d
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ }9 ]9 e& B$ L2 k1 |- R; _9 a1 K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ u: t- Y& T0 W# \$ j. @. p
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 l e$ J! E, k2 ~* o% ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ D6 Z/ ^ S) v; h 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials @4 h& x* U3 O2 f+ u
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 x; _" X0 ~9 ]
5 ~- d1 A# @' Y& xCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 i- ^( p$ Z3 U- s9 u: E
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 [+ f, l3 o( j0 L4 |1 `+ z; M 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
0 k% C; M$ B( x3 [7 y' q 135. Popular nonobedience4 F8 m t' w6 j& l; i
136. Disguised disobedience
T2 n5 p4 T. q! S2 Q+ S0 Y: I8 \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. o" H& x7 {4 c8 I( U2 x" N; T N* E9 r 138. Sitdown
, p( r2 S6 T. Z8 F% m& w* v3 F 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& v! F! ~* V* x% R
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
8 p! }8 x ~4 t3 I3 G 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws0 O- P9 K; J: A' }7 ?$ P
8 E4 X: W, \9 Y' z5 ]1 C2 K" E- F# NAction by Government Personnel( a/ v4 m* [9 c3 S4 N, i
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 L6 Z+ Z7 C; Y7 p8 D 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( B; b+ k/ |5 a2 h. j5 k
144. Stalling and obstruction
0 f- M2 M. F7 w 145. General administrative noncooperation2 q* I$ t- l7 }2 @, m p
( M/ z, u% `: P0 \5 I
146. Judicial noncooperation
+ _; c" F1 F3 J4 J4 K6 C* d- C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& V# x, m( `8 z
148. Mutiny B2 j% O" \# W& S
Domestic Governmental Action
, L/ Q( f: Q2 N; y! D) @- v o1 I7 Q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! d) W# f, b+ {, g" Z! j+ n5 h
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* ]6 }- \1 x" j5 l& l7 |. G3 E# O* z( @8 L" ^
International Governmental Action2 w; P9 g& ?$ l& _* F/ L" S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) i6 h( v! x0 t6 C8 r
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' S* i, `1 x' v% M+ g5 E
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 z9 a; _4 W. Q. r; |& \0 `3 i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' T2 g" M( Y) L! }, C
155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 O0 T6 j E8 c3 {' f7 s4 ?) E
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 I, t( {4 z2 R, `2 c7 i 157. Expulsion from international organizations: B6 b1 x! A& U5 k6 N5 V
; f7 Y9 \. v. ? 7 C7 k/ N* U9 e# N$ A6 L! x8 J5 y
& Q+ w* y3 |2 C( z* h
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 U, P1 }: P5 d+ p7 ]
# @! f5 C! D5 A
* L0 L4 ~! r, M: ~# PPsychological Intervention5 g+ r" ]: Y+ B# J. l
158. Self-exposure to the elements! p1 q4 i: |, V( ]
159. The fast
. a8 D1 F: D* D a) Fast of moral pressure
) P7 G3 ]; U0 A7 C b) Hunger strike
' p/ |. U+ Q. W1 z* Y1 s/ r) b c) Satyagrahic fast T; {* q/ |3 C+ t) s
160. Reverse trial' `& G9 U1 t, k3 d. P
161. Nonviolent harassment
' b0 ]4 ~% F9 [ {2 A" ~3 _% n! |$ G/ s" \$ k* I
Physical Intervention' Z( u, N' q+ L
162. Sit-in6 i8 l, I8 B( ^ E0 b R
163. Stand-in
. N; u: h* q( B0 k' L( n5 p& L 164. Ride-in* f. E% ^- F' R; m
165. Wade-in
; _: V0 A% a# N; Y |& `% g- C 166. Mill-in4 s q. R- y! N+ m+ Y4 L5 P
167. Pray-in
6 T( l" O* T7 [, J 168. Nonviolent raids
8 C& |( M0 L! c* D3 T: K 169. Nonviolent air raids% j0 k. m7 H3 [: I- X% X9 i0 m+ o
170. Nonviolent invasion& V. I; a/ R: d
171. Nonviolent interjection
# {( f8 @# _- j" A% c 172. Nonviolent obstruction2 H* n) K( g( h: U/ X* \8 I% N7 S
173. Nonviolent occupation
# g* `4 J; H& D" v x$ F* k8 y$ G5 ^% O! J) k' q
Social Intervention
; I8 @, \. v | ?' ~/ P 174. Establishing new social patterns
v( ]4 G; n) \$ z3 B1 }6 C 175. Overloading of facilities$ T6 j, z; B1 x
176. Stall-in
+ u3 d2 y% J. r) L 177. Speak-in2 A& E! P) B0 H; _4 n4 A
178. Guerrilla theater9 C' H' ]; y" F: l1 ]# Q/ y
179. Alternative social institutions: X, e; n6 m: {% S% ?
180. Alternative communication system
3 O# n2 `5 U, V% ]0 M" P# T
2 Y1 J0 A9 @) s/ ]; P0 f8 oEconomic Intervention
# |/ [7 w6 Y. n0 i$ ^& [' [ 181. Reverse strike/ W" ~' f6 t } r* N
182. Stay-in strike* p& N0 i4 [. z' L
183. Nonviolent land seizure
, z, I. i9 Y! d0 X 184. Defiance of blockades6 Y: O5 Y/ @6 j
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; t: f- {6 [; `7 P2 ?
186. Preclusive purchasing; F8 I W- |9 W& n7 V$ G
187. Seizure of assets) J Y+ D- S% W6 v
188. Dumping* w7 A/ Y: K. U* O; W% x8 [6 |* ~
189. Selective patronage7 F/ O: F% Q) ]) B5 k) {, C7 c
190. Alternative markets
9 ?- d2 n' j4 a 191. Alternative transportation systems
" s4 q3 Z; J, }+ O& b 192. Alternative economic institutions) j( X% H& ^3 ]) ]0 J/ F
9 a4 ~8 n) S. n# i2 N7 k6 nPolitical Intervention% K3 |( j! y/ W$ [% L
193. Overloading of administrative systems- W B2 x6 h% l. K# q1 g; n# e
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) ~ c+ }9 k1 ?9 y+ Z2 x6 B# w 195. Seeking imprisonment
% ?8 b; e: ^( O6 c; I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 l5 [- z2 `! R- t4 i% i
197. Work-on without collaboration
0 W$ R& B& \0 e, @1 f: ? 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 d9 P7 ]" B* \' Q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
