 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: Z. j D; o* T6 q3 S k3 V% A
Formal Statements
1 t/ i `0 H, _, e3 | 1. Public Speeches
9 ]5 E3 O+ c7 C1 h 2. Letters of opposition or support
1 d6 J: ?; l5 [) j 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ K1 p2 z7 O5 w
4. Signed public statements& Q6 F4 t' a: b* n4 M7 j9 `& q, \# y2 f) Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# G) a/ h' Y8 x. l$ g4 T. R: w 6. Group or mass petitions
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) L) U8 P: o0 _. M% I1 xCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 M- {& B" Q. S" ?- ]( N 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, J, ~9 I7 B d9 |6 [
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications H" j: l9 L: v0 O3 X
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) f# q/ f5 T. L
10. Newspapers and journals
5 q* S4 ?; F* y. B2 P 11. Records, radio, and television5 p$ F# t% `/ c o+ _
12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 v# h! N& Z: ?) O& z; G* m
! |0 r. e5 v7 {. N0 x/ W
Group Representations
' {# A$ y' }3 c! W 13. Deputations
. @: Y1 M8 a. B" y$ P 14. Mock awards
* X* t6 x5 F/ N" J; ~ 15. Group lobbying7 z. c F. m7 E3 l, q- i) m L
16. Picketing
$ Z' c8 y# Z8 i- r4 n 17. Mock elections
7 i& I+ V, l+ Q3 j7 y( j9 Z( O* H
Symbolic Public Acts
7 h1 \6 d, v/ Q5 s4 E 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
\& {3 q- Z- q/ U5 D 19. Wearing of symbols
* [8 v7 X8 k" u# H/ r$ d 20. Prayer and worship+ L- ~ D [+ M" [
21. Delivering symbolic objects; V4 H7 x( K% j0 z
22. Protest disrobings. y6 D9 b1 U) x0 m
23. Destruction of own property% C8 E- H& \6 m& G! ]) y" V# u
24. Symbolic lights
" O u8 t6 {; S0 A 25. Displays of portraits3 p( Z5 h) _8 m# U# O! k
26. Paint as protest
0 J& ?0 {" Y) H7 O7 M 27. New signs and names' A- [; W! c+ `
28. Symbolic sounds
% h, {+ k2 N' O6 W: g 29. Symbolic reclamations$ B+ X$ J P1 n' d- _
30. Rude gestures
# }" r1 O7 n# a, l" L) [/ `' i9 K0 w8 t7 y
Pressures on Individuals
* ^& W u& J$ h8 B 31. “Haunting” officials
3 Q. Q1 H; t4 S% I 32. Taunting officials( a" s( @ ^ j) r# A
33. Fraternization2 R" F' Y/ b; w( Z
34. Vigils2 Y& W! Y/ E, Y; `# B. @% K* V! J9 \- P
( H" h+ J: _9 z
Drama and Music) @6 H( Z$ N; a1 |# R$ e) C
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ l, Z( T! T, n0 A
36. Performances of plays and music
! L" |8 I. U% {+ }0 g 37. Singing( z% k8 n9 n3 h+ d: c* G
: Z- U3 B4 i4 A- b. }7 v
Processions- ` O8 T3 K. b' D& \- {
38. Marches8 ^2 [6 K% a" [' a# W& G
39. Parades
; U# D; j% x5 } I/ j: R3 q 40. Religious processions
* T9 G# e9 f! T% C3 i 41. Pilgrimages
% h& p" i! ^% I 42. Motorcades
- i$ O! Z3 K5 Z! O# \2 z* F$ O d3 u
Honoring the Dead- r4 m0 A( C; D# ], v' H. A
43. Political mourning
; ]2 J5 y# S. N6 v; I# b3 | 44. Mock funerals" p8 h ^6 i/ o% g( R
45. Demonstrative funerals
' V. Y0 @' I% m5 F 46. Homage at burial places( u7 L* H% l6 C! l4 F1 |
; _+ L6 [5 ]3 @6 r8 CPublic Assemblies1 g# R3 b2 i) F. h9 b5 l3 m6 H+ k. }
47. Assemblies of protest or support
% Z* ^% B; L" o( n# T6 \ 48. Protest meetings
. B Q. m" Y" u& o D. {/ T 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 U4 C0 T3 c! C8 r
50. Teach-ins
/ I2 ]6 f: f6 K4 R8 O5 h9 Z
8 ~& F: P$ P. o5 Q$ AWithdrawal and Renunciation
& K) y3 X1 z9 F" B: @* U 51. Walk-outs$ C1 ^0 y- B) A, D& ~) K
52. Silence- d) S% V/ n: z3 F( d
53. Renouncing honors
8 S Q" W4 |, t; u 54. Turning one’s back3 W' S- h! D- {9 M! o8 E: @& \! C" c# o
& o ~7 a8 }( }' [ S% ~2 N
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 g }# l7 Z7 j9 L$ X: E" s1 o: U
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: ^0 V' [: N3 T" xOstracism of Persons! |' \1 q% u8 E, M* F3 r- Z1 e
55. Social boycott; @" x* a+ k: @: L" e
56. Selective social boycott( T/ b! s$ ]" l* V. g! ^. Z) l8 e p
57. Lysistratic nonaction3 m# b0 a$ f9 _6 X- B) N
58. Excommunication
% ~! @; a* z' I! t2 v 59. Interdict( I* f$ K# f) D H2 R: b
, s. P0 B: F! c) D( r" x! GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 M$ j L0 M( G, m! _) w' H x" u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; z" ~. W- J( n6 L6 }" w7 h, ]5 M
61. Boycott of social affairs5 o1 Y' f5 z7 e
62. Student strike. P; A' u. _" B+ C' y. b
63. Social disobedience, J) d2 n2 }# n6 v O" E
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 V5 C, u, U& ?$ \0 o+ I
3 q& t8 h0 L! y2 zWithdrawal from the Social System
( S: z5 Q8 M1 `2 A 65. Stay-at-home$ @, C- q- G* R: g
66. Total personal noncooperation
. c2 a. B, L2 n) w ^% l 67. “Flight” of workers
5 {$ O/ V4 y0 d( Q0 n$ f 68. Sanctuary! [. J, F2 X/ G- y! B& _; H# ~
69. Collective disappearance" z# _1 b( Q6 B- l5 T! H; a: Y1 `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* F. [ D. x; z" ^ O+ W. H
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+ z( X# S& ~( q4 G( g- uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
& }: G3 l* h$ ]7 Q' X& E, O" B& `- W, B9 c( Z+ c
1 l+ E" _- K! K/ N+ aActions by Consumers$ z2 s; Z, V( D2 V& F2 T
71. Consumers’ boycott
+ w6 j+ ^3 G8 ?- L 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* M! y' R2 [: R 73. Policy of austerity& V3 Q7 h5 u J1 g
74. Rent withholding
+ e& u+ P, q3 V7 E7 |0 { 75. Refusal to rent& U6 Z& O- z* S7 u- y1 U( t7 q. X
76. National consumers’ boycott- \) n! i4 E' f* G; }% D
77. International consumers’ boycott3 u* C4 d( }; ?# _( X" L4 h8 D7 G: l
8 w; K m. h4 a; G1 `
Action by Workers and Producers
, c& e3 y& N% ], `5 L; ^ 78. Workmen’s boycott
- ^0 Z% m$ ~: `$ \, t; y 79. Producers’ boycott
# G; [9 ~/ Q/ d; Q; M' N- m* g5 s; i4 b- c9 V; _
Action by Middlemen) ~4 h& ] h8 ~- k/ y- F$ {
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) X1 T" V9 o( K
; ?9 C6 E- J& X; |9 h- x: y M8 @4 D0 cAction by Owners and Management
/ e3 H2 R% ?/ C5 J& [ 81. Traders’ boycott4 V+ n- T6 z" C: b9 R, S' m, t
82. Refusal to let or sell property
& u' l- x. D; I( P% S7 H9 a) U 83. Lockout3 r1 n f# p1 C+ o+ j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 J k: u% h- S2 m6 u4 j9 n ?2 D+ ^ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources; k7 i! S0 ^. M$ f: `
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* H8 |' j4 o* t 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" V& i6 d5 N1 [' K
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 a& e: Y/ I/ J% P4 V3 ? 89. Severance of funds and credit2 \+ I3 [* }0 I6 t5 d2 S/ h5 _
90. Revenue refusal3 o2 q0 C8 O5 ~3 h1 n- ?
91. Refusal of a government’s money
) t# c! y7 d5 T4 I( z/ j* S0 \& g1 B6 G9 B! e9 W# [: e: ~
Action by Governments, a) p6 K/ h6 y! W6 E, z5 Y- m
92. Domestic embargo$ }6 d6 v& ?) e
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 q0 F2 X: I/ {( i" ^ 94. International sellers’ embargo
* h2 Q7 `) U1 A' ?- V) `& A+ |; w9 { 95. International buyers’ embargo
7 e7 g) C& p- |9 L! K 96. International trade embargo
1 \% B6 D6 n9 E' U3 F/ _! O- m _
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% }" Z- t$ J' Y0 T( L" l" G0 WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
: C8 t. d7 T$ t: W4 J( p3 c+ m 97. Protest strike& r$ m& @) Q+ R, g8 H7 [# M" W
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ A# Y' ^2 M) A" W# L
/ ?; ?! t( P! G
Agricultural Strikes/ H, [% V! F: x, K2 t
99. Peasant strike3 e1 X8 I+ f" Y! ?& l8 M# z; t% d
100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 O% r0 J9 l* R1 c4 B6 k7 W) p% h! ^% R
Strikes by Special Groups8 ?) c" K* {+ E; x) u6 L& G( G( y, @/ g
101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 h, S2 U+ t e 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ g3 w. i3 g! Q3 p7 f# D 103. Craft strike' h/ [! u2 a$ O
104. Professional strike
/ k1 s: _6 p7 k9 @4 M% G& T
! C& O# U7 c* Z7 HOrdinary Industrial Strikes
/ i2 m1 j1 G( f 105. Establishment strike0 u8 g6 m2 j* }- ? r$ n
106. Industry strike7 d1 i' _! n' n0 F. B
107. Sympathetic strike
3 l, a! V4 N: K. ]. a; |
. F( m7 h e L7 k+ p( X6 j' [Restricted Strikes9 S" ~% ~7 [+ g( p6 B' N
108. Detailed strike9 v0 r+ h- F( w7 s g) ?" S3 n
109. Bumper strike
& F( k- R2 E+ R" t9 } 110. Slowdown strike) T- k% d* X6 e0 A) b+ l& Q
111. Working-to-rule strike' k' ? O- g6 t; |) o
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! E3 l1 G B& q3 f0 Y3 I) l
113. Strike by resignation
8 o4 U- Q L0 P( {2 C 114. Limited strike& P2 q. ?: J1 Z
115. Selective strike- w% }! o* Q- b2 h( g
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Multi-Industry Strikes
2 u* z z4 G+ D. a1 V* G, q9 I" r) [% d+ E. D
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ ]1 ?- h }: ]6 c' F2 i8 X% k, v. A8 |
118. Hartal
9 _: L# l+ z: [+ U5 k/ k8 B/ W! g u' C/ e( r6 X8 T3 U8 t
119. Economic shutdown' \: _0 H* B7 o( |/ W, O
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
% `. f* s& U! X. m k 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% {' _+ C5 P* o" [ O1 A
121. Refusal of public support
4 @" t7 ^+ s) z$ V5 r 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 B7 c! t9 Y7 d! ^) O
0 X, B$ o/ E7 x- D
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) {% v( E4 O7 U" V; S4 y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ y+ v, Q" |. ^. M8 l 124. Boycott of elections9 N& |! j5 k6 W
125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ i' @ o3 l, w" Z% [& r
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies z9 V9 Z6 x% e
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* E! V8 l3 N2 M+ _ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 w5 X3 x! S' P1 O8 _ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& u# n7 t8 |0 _! D8 S% I 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& ?2 U5 P" {2 y' b
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 O1 h6 q' f8 N \7 o0 u/ D1 g
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- ?9 T$ b# C6 O$ `" s1 \0 i! u$ d& B. d
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! B0 \7 m* E, R1 L9 u/ F9 i
133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 m* v) ?8 P' t# a
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; N: U8 c. G Y2 P. o7 K7 j! K1 q2 m
135. Popular nonobedience
& Z2 s* K7 V) h' B 136. Disguised disobedience/ ^) k5 @: x. Q; A
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 l% S& _4 X$ d9 L4 d
138. Sitdown* B- a& }% z# A( X6 \
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! h O$ L1 A/ |( ]* r! z" M
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, r' L2 V* Y3 _9 Q Z2 F
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 I7 h/ w" X. ]6 r5 h2 w- k7 Z1 f6 f0 o# R: m8 i
Action by Government Personnel/ E' `: w G. L1 w8 [
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides X! \; ]5 n! x' w# u8 @8 R, z8 k
143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 Y7 ?+ D1 e- i% \6 ~7 L
144. Stalling and obstruction
' ~3 L% Q0 L# `* P0 d 145. General administrative noncooperation- ?9 m$ z8 }6 r- n& f
. @# K C* W. @& u2 V% B& e 146. Judicial noncooperation
, H7 m/ z) D: |1 M& }! W 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 h- I$ `# H3 W# c
148. Mutiny& B* H, h& J8 a8 [
Domestic Governmental Action
, a9 x) `$ u/ \+ p% A2 s. u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 k4 R% K( u* c
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( Z) v& G* v h" W0 E, ?
* c2 x$ M4 m: w- g: vInternational Governmental Action
8 K e0 h8 e- f+ f4 Y5 W 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% O) n+ _0 `3 g/ \ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, k: B! ]0 ^" I9 r
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ a2 I: C9 i' t& U& W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" c/ ^7 [# i3 N. d
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* Z' n7 j8 F0 b% U" S' W' s 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 e) S9 c) n/ x2 [; Q# J 157. Expulsion from international organizations
& J& j0 [+ M6 Z8 d, V" S3 Z2 G' h9 s; B
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$ y* s: a: b$ N2 Y7 G0 w; Y8 H% U s3 S% b; ], p5 C- L' i3 `% U
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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) r6 ]" R2 `. g% C0 c5 \0 c4 }Psychological Intervention
. w* f; @6 Y& M/ D 158. Self-exposure to the elements: ^7 n f. Z- Q8 D
159. The fast& E) T: ]2 b5 g9 H- e+ P3 J
a) Fast of moral pressure
6 j3 F4 \! T1 Z: B" D0 C2 D( @4 x b) Hunger strike
v) @2 l$ B* @- @+ p9 P# | c) Satyagrahic fast
9 ~/ Z7 X$ K+ R# @* k 160. Reverse trial
4 S1 u. o8 f' e+ J; L- R& v$ W3 I 161. Nonviolent harassment6 k) T/ X. s0 i# e2 Z: V6 _
3 @& S( E( a$ I3 u: i- [Physical Intervention
$ I& D% F n, ? R 162. Sit-in& u* Q/ t2 m5 s/ p
163. Stand-in) x$ O8 L6 y/ l$ ?5 B: T. v
164. Ride-in- j+ Y2 ]5 x( e; d+ R8 ]+ f
165. Wade-in
r% Z G- j3 |, @& ?5 L. ` Y9 C2 ? 166. Mill-in# P6 Z2 w0 m. K" Z( `2 P
167. Pray-in7 U. s7 X, H9 Q7 {# r1 E
168. Nonviolent raids) [5 O. X% M7 k
169. Nonviolent air raids
( W" O% S& L4 K 170. Nonviolent invasion2 V% M+ \5 ^& l- ~0 |% A
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 n, l' g& `+ O# } 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ }4 w" n' C% a* D! g
173. Nonviolent occupation1 T& \7 ?6 c/ x$ I; T" I
6 n7 X+ C) I9 o9 v b
Social Intervention
, B7 m K$ S/ @* H4 d$ D! c, a 174. Establishing new social patterns
. @4 r( G$ y# E' n 175. Overloading of facilities
( Z w# y2 r3 Z/ d5 D8 ] 176. Stall-in: V6 h. N0 r1 ^/ M( r" v( U) J; g
177. Speak-in
; x. f! t- P- h3 C 178. Guerrilla theater+ X L8 K4 u" b% s! p
179. Alternative social institutions7 z z6 L; K9 D& m# ^9 \
180. Alternative communication system
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' o2 N6 Y/ ]9 L" jEconomic Intervention/ G% x4 s: J# l: N7 T& J0 H2 i
181. Reverse strike3 k! u& ?" g& Y2 m' S
182. Stay-in strike
7 S: A# H9 E( M/ d. i0 q& ?9 L 183. Nonviolent land seizure
* o/ n5 X6 X4 N 184. Defiance of blockades
, v3 m3 g' t" f" e7 Y7 @9 Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 K! d% ?/ \5 B3 q$ A! v: N$ S
186. Preclusive purchasing7 J6 G2 o) Q4 F( {8 K8 b
187. Seizure of assets
- N! K0 ?& y% n, Z& w a/ k, c2 w" f w1 i 188. Dumping
. I" [# ~4 i5 {% t) m/ f, I. u 189. Selective patronage9 k$ F# d7 u3 p+ E5 q1 ^
190. Alternative markets
; w! {8 _) U; J: R/ R9 B 191. Alternative transportation systems- |, R; v& q/ w/ `* `' W
192. Alternative economic institutions
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; ]2 u! d5 J5 R; DPolitical Intervention
8 x- J6 I& p# Z8 h, o* @$ J g 193. Overloading of administrative systems* C$ r; R' W# o$ u
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- U; i, k1 e& F# Z/ {9 q
195. Seeking imprisonment* n3 C* T$ A% _+ k+ ]/ {5 `8 p2 Z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 V3 L% W2 g# e! H/ S$ Y 197. Work-on without collaboration S2 `2 q8 p! L3 @
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
