 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: Y( s7 n& `2 YFormal Statements2 o3 X" v7 T, }
1. Public Speeches
" e: o4 e) }2 S/ R- n 2. Letters of opposition or support& s* S# b- U+ L# P- Q+ g' J
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; R1 h0 E. o* R9 p 4. Signed public statements
& @0 b `1 s3 ^ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& u* \7 R5 K- o- R! b 6. Group or mass petitions
( X4 a# W" O& o8 }9 b' O: q0 U% M( P" r8 A, e
Communications with a Wider Audience
) x7 i% E0 Z: l" r9 H5 v: F0 D 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% L. i5 i+ P1 N6 A
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 _9 t5 _; j# ]! u* u* Y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 q) B% o2 z4 G4 v- Z
10. Newspapers and journals# Y* C( j# D# J2 F
11. Records, radio, and television
6 \* _6 x! W' ~% Y- H 12. Skywriting and earthwriting& I' g! i7 D; A1 E
( x& e- \6 T d& {
Group Representations
! t# P. M2 S: X8 h, S 13. Deputations
0 c8 [ E; ]6 E) X f7 I Y 14. Mock awards7 c4 T! Q* p- f
15. Group lobbying
8 E U8 K4 d. o 16. Picketing4 e: w# S. P9 x$ k3 L9 T
17. Mock elections
" B3 V+ D+ g" E$ B5 g- D( k2 ]' z/ D6 Z7 Q& f3 ]
Symbolic Public Acts8 @3 V5 f) H$ r+ V: \
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 _* b X, C6 t8 P4 }+ o
19. Wearing of symbols
8 b$ s4 f/ y% K! ^% z 20. Prayer and worship
2 |; j5 H% N, T 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 a5 F$ q/ Q, j 22. Protest disrobings6 Q3 `8 W8 |4 k k% E
23. Destruction of own property
; s8 f$ V! l1 D6 G 24. Symbolic lights
( H: d, ` [1 V) Y 25. Displays of portraits( Y' j3 @6 `/ S2 N5 Q
26. Paint as protest- m& C1 f- X' m |2 ^" U) r
27. New signs and names8 N: ?, h) o; R% d3 S! |2 w! x. [
28. Symbolic sounds2 m, @+ x L) U
29. Symbolic reclamations
) m) D( x' ^- q' [* a8 \8 ? 30. Rude gestures' i$ T4 ~0 j! [2 F! [
% ^& M6 }/ f# X5 g# w
Pressures on Individuals
& \: F0 R3 H9 e: E0 M6 S. }/ N1 j 31. “Haunting” officials
! `* ]6 y( V' H% X9 i" S 32. Taunting officials/ c! E k0 w& T! I
33. Fraternization
* c5 z! h7 a, S9 Q. D5 f 34. Vigils% t. Y$ L0 F! i6 ^3 e
+ |8 S6 w; t$ {: b
Drama and Music
6 \' K; J4 m, V1 }+ x 35. Humorous skits and pranks- y% _3 b" B, l+ e! ^
36. Performances of plays and music; C% P9 l8 j( l( \ ~
37. Singing
" D6 b3 X" u" d1 A
2 C# Y+ ~ {1 j3 aProcessions' j J+ }+ P. N; G& \ i; s
38. Marches
' i: Z; [( G0 D4 [5 c, ^+ h( N 39. Parades# W: `6 d2 h7 ^$ y- R
40. Religious processions5 K/ T3 T2 R1 H0 `( X- f% q# n6 l8 g
41. Pilgrimages
/ {1 d" W9 A/ O2 a; x 42. Motorcades) M8 S f1 ~( L, S, \$ M
) U" q- C( z5 D2 N. N N
Honoring the Dead, W4 G/ C# ]! N
43. Political mourning
& h( o9 H" G& B" P( A4 M 44. Mock funerals4 H1 s6 t2 d- n0 \- ]- u
45. Demonstrative funerals' k7 i' n/ t3 G; _8 D1 Z
46. Homage at burial places
& ]& W. f1 P! s
5 v3 g) |9 y6 d/ mPublic Assemblies
5 u1 a7 ~& j" M- \) Z( H9 Q/ A 47. Assemblies of protest or support
L" C; S( ~1 t4 K 48. Protest meetings
5 x! ]' o* L8 X* D5 J8 t7 q5 h 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ v9 e% ~% W0 E: T 50. Teach-ins* _0 A& O# J( @: C! R: O1 H# M
* x& v" @* W+ v0 b7 jWithdrawal and Renunciation
+ w, L5 I/ `, v: O 51. Walk-outs
4 l; d; i% H4 C' P: M 52. Silence4 e1 z- _2 L( p/ K1 O
53. Renouncing honors5 W6 c% Q: [7 n, ~
54. Turning one’s back
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6 `+ k4 c) ]* u+ Y
& b$ e* V* b& x
$ y- T9 o Y. @& _' L# J7 a1 iTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
W- k( J U3 y) z# H. c7 Z. h- b! o* |0 p9 c% a% l
2 y9 j; p- |7 l$ ?- f6 C3 u1 ?5 S T& E; v$ D+ T: L& ~5 C
Ostracism of Persons
* A% P! f i6 F( q7 g$ Q9 d, ~ 55. Social boycott V: E7 V# t" @; l- C
56. Selective social boycott
$ S% ^3 A3 }' s. q1 v# {, | 57. Lysistratic nonaction
, v8 O% W) X& Y0 F' m/ Y: G+ n 58. Excommunication& N9 G* V: L) y' i9 Z+ Y9 W
59. Interdict8 X0 T. @4 m c
5 f0 p: C3 X+ S* d3 l' h0 V; GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 z+ W- R9 @& r- N1 ]4 i 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& B, i, l( o; ]3 t; V+ i$ A4 u 61. Boycott of social affairs, B4 t9 O5 N$ N* q/ f
62. Student strike
# @9 V9 |7 w, X* m9 Q; Z; z8 G# G* b 63. Social disobedience' ~+ @5 A8 n8 y2 G- h/ g7 K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 X: a8 l2 s6 r5 L% ]: {
1 x- V" f6 Z; k+ v# wWithdrawal from the Social System
4 u2 I, T0 }9 x 65. Stay-at-home( V1 O. l" S' `+ e' x' @6 K% U
66. Total personal noncooperation3 H2 c) G0 v2 ]7 j
67. “Flight” of workers
6 o% {* @* T0 V0 q* L1 V8 L/ o0 k 68. Sanctuary
) k, @" G/ M' _ 69. Collective disappearance
h' L$ e% F& F2 R: b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" i3 @/ b0 A. _7 A; A6 s$ J
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9 Y' L. f2 X$ B) e& n! J/ C1 F
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 a, w& z3 g9 f, V2 v( |
) y3 A' P8 ?7 h' x! m
/ h4 Z" R( J! B2 Z! b- n8 y& R$ s, ^
Actions by Consumers7 j( _* `& r Q& [6 A% x
71. Consumers’ boycott
) W0 ], F1 I- f( F8 r; V2 L$ a; Y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, ~' @" @6 {# n& x& S2 ]' M9 |
73. Policy of austerity, j7 c x' R e) q
74. Rent withholding1 |1 R2 m/ V8 z$ T3 {- Z0 Z
75. Refusal to rent; j! Y/ c8 W6 K
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ _6 D& e% E* b) G 77. International consumers’ boycott
1 K$ {7 J+ r6 [6 K+ G8 T2 B5 }8 O6 a! S. X; {& V
Action by Workers and Producers
1 A' n3 i: X- W; l0 N8 [ 78. Workmen’s boycott9 J$ c# E$ j, y: U* z, z& T. v
79. Producers’ boycott- R1 [6 n$ \9 J; s- M9 }2 h
2 P. H! P. A) D0 W S
Action by Middlemen
9 G- Z8 O. `8 J3 s! b 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 r5 g9 Z' D5 E/ H* j, Q% I
+ o% X, |5 ? s/ a; A0 b/ B* [Action by Owners and Management) [7 J, q5 C6 Z' G/ s4 W3 A
81. Traders’ boycott
5 }' S* x5 n% p+ N 82. Refusal to let or sell property% V- `, ?% r) f" A# j6 x% e5 j) b- h
83. Lockout
8 D2 p0 g- |# Z. |1 k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( f% q, W' s; c% p3 k: m 85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 F' E/ R" ?! e, X# ?
: R1 b1 Z. k4 \( |- Y! X0 N/ d: vAction by Holders of Financial Resources
4 H: a0 f; F7 j 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. ^# h; Z% i5 r7 d7 l 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 T, f" e, ?- `7 T ^1 A
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest ^8 f3 M4 E& c# Z( i. N
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 f" S+ C4 p- {# K' E 90. Revenue refusal5 A$ C4 b" F0 X
91. Refusal of a government’s money
( A! T; i% M8 P6 R3 ? I! f ~' Z( T
Action by Governments: N9 v6 W/ K% F, g
92. Domestic embargo
) T9 l8 @- p; W4 m. }- s 93. Blacklisting of traders
A. h- d7 K- t5 ?) L" J4 S# { 94. International sellers’ embargo
- X# ^' b {* K. b' ~" a; s6 B 95. International buyers’ embargo" i. t' Z( `( ?$ D# _7 A8 K9 Y' N
96. International trade embargo, i+ l s: U) }
2 R5 s- \/ e& y8 }' `+ W
: \% s7 q# j1 T1 R. C6 t& N6 o# A. G, [% ]6 C- d! i$ u0 I
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* b1 Z; p8 L$ _! H: m5 j% S5 g, E3 A, S& K' s \0 \( j
" M* F( H5 ]7 T3 i# z/ R& ASymbolic Strikes; D4 S9 A8 { N- k5 |4 N
97. Protest strike& s7 t3 _1 M" \( y5 {2 {
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 I0 H+ \4 B C* l
1 S/ }2 o, [1 X A) E6 h; W5 AAgricultural Strikes5 V) K$ y" V* ?0 y
99. Peasant strike* [0 t& o# w* V; {; \6 @5 ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike
, j0 ~+ } |6 |* b
% v. x( P) M- B1 @7 x2 hStrikes by Special Groups
! Y- @" F4 \: c4 d, `4 } 101. Refusal of impressed labor8 _5 |: h$ j9 o, E: r0 M" Z- K& v
102. Prisoners’ strike- L1 s M `& I$ s, F
103. Craft strike
_5 X3 d! `1 [+ d, K) k/ ` 104. Professional strike3 ] x; h$ M/ x( P& i$ l) a
6 G1 r- J1 L% Y4 s {( u# o' N9 T
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
- D' T' }. ~4 d6 ~ 105. Establishment strike
# D- |1 F- S/ }9 P 106. Industry strike! y; o8 @0 q0 Z
107. Sympathetic strike
( ?5 E, E' [( ^1 O: C% p
! b4 F p8 L5 ARestricted Strikes
1 x: G: W# [9 k8 [9 B1 Z* ^. J4 p 108. Detailed strike
+ g. p1 I7 r% J" b& d 109. Bumper strike
9 ]" I3 f8 C( ^7 p% f o i 110. Slowdown strike
7 O" b% m6 y( i) N" G 111. Working-to-rule strike) j$ o3 |6 b$ q+ H% L# z0 J1 k2 N
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 s8 w4 J9 G4 @0 k 113. Strike by resignation
5 `" @* [8 k! K. ?, z 114. Limited strike2 q- c* k2 b0 u) h- @; Y `' Q
115. Selective strike
! v. U8 S0 @2 U7 l3 U- Q
/ n) Q- Z, n# L: \Multi-Industry Strikes" O( |( Q n& {! h) K7 o R
z6 v( n' p8 y+ Q2 C' g7 X 116. Generalized strike* a1 E% M; d) E# F& W6 z
& b4 @: k) C! B7 y) S S3 x3 T
117. General strike P/ b6 _/ H/ h" }
( C; H8 D' ?2 u. W) b4 V/ [/ _
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- ~' p2 ^% g7 {& o9 {9 c* C0 n
9 T5 x8 q4 F7 Z
118. Hartal. D0 z4 x. v1 `
7 d5 j/ F' ]. b/ g3 P 119. Economic shutdown
8 \+ ?* i) v* ]
* P8 E+ y* D& O. r5 b3 E0 y7 k; z a! R; E- [- x& o! I9 E" V$ b
9 H1 q3 e! R6 Z3 F+ STHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ z' f8 I8 o) _! nRejection of Authority
8 j& y* X( A* f9 F; Y& {' B3 h2 L 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* C% n0 H3 J z( K- C& W' U: [, Y
121. Refusal of public support. v! ^4 ^7 e3 x
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, B- F; w- p/ g% B/ {
0 b% A% ]4 e$ B( [( y3 ^7 Z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ H7 m/ O" s+ e; D, l0 w
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" G: I7 e( C, T5 }2 l 124. Boycott of elections
2 Q9 ^* f Z/ b: M. e- E Z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; i% q0 ^; p' ?4 _' \ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies U3 c8 X% |; p! F2 c, w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions. O; p t0 x6 b' x* K1 l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 z6 ~7 r& j7 {# Y5 B2 P 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
K/ e8 [ X S8 a- N' F 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# E7 M- a2 z% X" i
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, A2 n6 D, C' H- g, ^6 P3 t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* }& g Q) Y7 o5 c# B
( g+ n" I. p0 U/ U& kCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 B0 C) v6 v2 ^" e5 {9 u" P0 ? 133. Reluctant and slow compliance& z% e2 r5 p& ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 l; Z, g ~2 I1 w$ Y l" @* ? 135. Popular nonobedience
% G6 @- h* S+ {5 W, @* O, H 136. Disguised disobedience `7 R* o0 T) @' F- R
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& x6 l3 w7 A, H' F 138. Sitdown0 w1 ^0 a3 g; \/ x
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 { E! X4 b$ N1 i 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# J: z# M, ]! l s" n: P
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( U8 z5 l5 o& G: V6 |( D" o0 x! I6 n8 }
Action by Government Personnel9 B! Y/ A% w, g
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* ]5 h6 R/ R' c, Z% w; m( T 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 x1 }1 Q: i5 @/ X
144. Stalling and obstruction; r! \3 l$ O2 ~
145. General administrative noncooperation2 F0 ]. N. O4 [( }# \" i4 }
! ]$ Y3 l. h+ U9 W6 {5 Z. \ 146. Judicial noncooperation
# O% J6 k* T, ~+ l) z) F) h 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
* W1 F, u6 V1 f4 H; k0 V2 e* Z 148. Mutiny
/ ^# L( [. ^* g+ R( ]2 I$ rDomestic Governmental Action# g1 s" i3 p0 ?: S p
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* p, @; x$ ?# |/ O" u
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& `) }0 z3 S! Z% z+ P8 P1 x4 O- H
5 S* C) c# q6 j+ pInternational Governmental Action) @3 Z$ H: \9 |
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) s% m" D% ?1 K! m$ {1 M$ M0 @! Z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% |: n' s c4 ~. b4 w7 U+ R
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition D+ |& X& r0 }" C, p- F' k
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' K. T; ]; i$ w0 R3 ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations# \* a0 }. u* n0 o! t
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies n9 T! g4 |* d# x( m
157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 \( L& C7 J8 ^: n) X2 F. b. l. Y' Q* \- [
g3 i2 _) C) ?. P
6 o* b/ y4 F4 u0 H/ n2 A
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention# }3 d4 m& H, ^
158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 P* D0 a/ n3 N; m 159. The fast1 D9 k1 t) L4 S, O% \( w
a) Fast of moral pressure6 ]4 q/ C& l% E) O
b) Hunger strike- p' l' M2 y" P' v B
c) Satyagrahic fast3 S" p/ ~0 ^& ]6 e* J
160. Reverse trial
+ d0 n6 X7 w5 E+ b8 S9 C 161. Nonviolent harassment! {3 Q" l" I, t
: B$ S7 C6 R( z) G* bPhysical Intervention
; g8 r0 Q0 M! a1 S3 u 162. Sit-in
0 q( X( j. V, f 163. Stand-in0 m4 _; Y0 ?/ i! p z1 t
164. Ride-in1 T! L: ^3 g- w4 e2 z" z
165. Wade-in( E8 `; j, Z/ l: H+ f/ C7 K
166. Mill-in. H9 C& [* y$ S
167. Pray-in+ R2 C3 d7 n( l6 W; {3 A2 `
168. Nonviolent raids
: t5 t7 e7 X: H7 G7 }) X4 X 169. Nonviolent air raids
% L' A! Z8 J9 h- {; O9 ]& E9 L N 170. Nonviolent invasion/ b5 ? q% L. z" z! z" s) Z5 _
171. Nonviolent interjection3 m! y' E" k7 W0 [, Q7 y5 Y8 A
172. Nonviolent obstruction. g1 ]( O/ j$ q& T( f
173. Nonviolent occupation% D8 [+ X7 m/ F9 r
; i7 b- f) @$ c+ A3 r% T$ {Social Intervention3 L5 n: @9 y: U' j d- G8 v& Q
174. Establishing new social patterns
+ c! j% ^6 T( F) ` [8 a7 }4 l8 V2 O& x5 e 175. Overloading of facilities& i& Y$ l& t/ U q' [8 e
176. Stall-in
2 x& I* |2 d, _. p" e7 D4 [$ B/ s 177. Speak-in
' O* ]5 N5 R2 D: H7 L) P$ Y# X 178. Guerrilla theater8 l/ ~- M' z5 ~# J
179. Alternative social institutions
2 W. v7 V, u- B 180. Alternative communication system
, G* W Y4 v0 q
, o# X1 { U% NEconomic Intervention
! j' C+ Q) {. D' m* Z 181. Reverse strike
7 _# n, F) h; o- h 182. Stay-in strike
* A/ h' y" e' m. b. R 183. Nonviolent land seizure+ j9 n, P ^/ G2 T- [" i
184. Defiance of blockades# L. [2 ?9 ~" ~8 q) a$ S/ B
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 Y8 H# q+ s( P- v 186. Preclusive purchasing: ~3 z$ y+ N% R9 r% Z$ U% ~! S
187. Seizure of assets" n4 ?: c8 x& b* |5 O5 t; Q
188. Dumping
5 u* K, w! W: W$ q 189. Selective patronage
# e( g8 o. e$ a1 d3 ` 190. Alternative markets
8 M; {5 K: C8 a5 z 191. Alternative transportation systems- e/ l$ ?% E8 h
192. Alternative economic institutions
' ~- K* w- r: l& a- H. q, [- i- f* I$ K" d2 P3 O
Political Intervention
5 u5 B. E0 j1 b% K1 ?1 C 193. Overloading of administrative systems/ q' @: G }* C% A U
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 f& a1 D( {8 `" _& L& N' q7 \
195. Seeking imprisonment3 E$ d$ g' X" _5 q4 N% k# @
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ Y+ K, C. P; M+ z! a/ ^* p 197. Work-on without collaboration& x. P6 r8 e. a1 N3 L4 u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, E; a- k+ U+ K( @
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
