 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" ^- j( ^( n/ V: o
Formal Statements% r7 a+ l- V" F. N
1. Public Speeches
% f: i9 H( E5 p) d2 J9 _ 2. Letters of opposition or support
/ K$ Q$ P! p6 a 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 |9 y. e; h* n) V6 P) M
4. Signed public statements: V! A3 J# p& F* {
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ j- F2 e5 [) t {
6. Group or mass petitions. Z6 E/ j% Q5 s8 y+ z
; N# U5 r, c- b* e4 tCommunications with a Wider Audience& Q1 s3 M( }0 A7 |
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols& d4 T0 J& T6 W: ~6 G( o
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 K V. U; @! _2 _3 z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 {( U: p' Y J+ @' l
10. Newspapers and journals
% j0 [- `7 r+ `& @ 11. Records, radio, and television4 ~" G# o8 r8 R- |
12. Skywriting and earthwriting% w+ }' [& V2 L1 d) |
( M/ ~6 T! b. ^+ H3 ]
Group Representations5 ~9 E6 G$ q* Q1 F- g
13. Deputations' B9 I0 s0 S% E F' J
14. Mock awards/ b" A9 S7 O& l4 ~# G- s
15. Group lobbying
& o$ B9 ]( o3 ]# w 16. Picketing. r8 h' {! o O1 D
17. Mock elections
4 p4 \" n% P$ U1 }. z3 u0 Z1 y: t8 a& @
Symbolic Public Acts
& k/ p% n$ b/ V 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) N' I2 D! _1 e- Y1 `" o
19. Wearing of symbols
: ~( _7 A4 X3 g: e0 u0 J 20. Prayer and worship
; v D3 \. T& ^% i# u$ O 21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 q' V2 [% m% c5 z( v* c/ M4 }( k 22. Protest disrobings% t3 r! ^) ]- E( x
23. Destruction of own property- m) d9 S! n2 i. G; p2 k
24. Symbolic lights+ Q8 a4 r$ G6 H- A, A X5 X
25. Displays of portraits b; W8 p3 ?% x
26. Paint as protest9 @& x4 O, y4 O4 o1 x9 t
27. New signs and names: Z0 C" w; V: ^% _3 W( H
28. Symbolic sounds) p7 L' z' o$ R
29. Symbolic reclamations
$ c$ `9 _& T) k& f3 X: ]# s \% q 30. Rude gestures
: x) |4 G: Y+ H: |) A
; v1 o% B$ u4 C& C- S. \Pressures on Individuals& d% Q$ i% w! `+ G
31. “Haunting” officials
+ O; R- V4 K# B6 w: S 32. Taunting officials. Q4 M, g% \6 X! x1 }* X0 Q* j# r% I
33. Fraternization
6 G9 ?1 z+ h% r- [$ G' {4 m* h 34. Vigils
2 D4 `: [: K, z- T. Y
1 b0 M4 o' Q, v. s8 ^+ C! tDrama and Music
2 \& d8 z' b# G/ A 35. Humorous skits and pranks8 _$ `9 u$ k9 o' l4 U
36. Performances of plays and music
1 i$ [0 i5 B, |6 h6 u: W7 N 37. Singing
/ i; |9 T, J8 [( M
1 G+ {0 ?1 `9 `# G! ] Q- d7 ^Processions
9 G- `2 d- n) a! H9 ~ 38. Marches
3 u" n( U0 [( Y9 p 39. Parades
- |6 `; t4 E4 Z. k2 r; y 40. Religious processions% j! @% F7 g- ^' [) D5 x
41. Pilgrimages
3 q4 r: F/ b' J 42. Motorcades ~ p% T( ?/ z
2 F! V3 V9 A. h! k5 S% y) d# [Honoring the Dead
' T$ t H5 [! s' o7 d 43. Political mourning. ^$ p& M2 l' h+ J/ {7 A* \, G2 A
44. Mock funerals
o6 ^! C% z2 ~4 ? 45. Demonstrative funerals
: ]) H0 e; w6 ?0 W 46. Homage at burial places% t1 J, }9 G; d7 o6 s9 y
0 y& _& `/ |3 W; t* F4 b/ g: |Public Assemblies
8 P4 r2 |& l" s. w; U' i 47. Assemblies of protest or support1 u! q/ K' K3 ~6 @3 [' E
48. Protest meetings
, v1 l. P* V1 I 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: e6 a- d0 `' n- k5 t& S& W' Q 50. Teach-ins
6 c; I; J) {- u7 a. n! g7 G; V! q0 K
Withdrawal and Renunciation" x3 O- A7 w: ?# c7 Y
51. Walk-outs
! \6 W) }0 D. m. n7 k7 @- I" G 52. Silence+ i! {; v' c$ n4 G7 K
53. Renouncing honors6 O: r1 `/ t7 X4 v/ `/ ?5 F5 T. b
54. Turning one’s back
. ^7 B" z7 r$ |: S- V& | v# O+ u: V/ [% \ ?1 Q1 d9 x
2 U/ u" F2 n% C+ \0 o% X
( G9 Z$ \" {: e5 ]1 ]
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% c! M" d# ?5 d1 e
7 V5 A5 w" C4 O# }. A' U 4 {( {6 d( h( O. t4 V" R4 N
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Ostracism of Persons+ V3 g. R) I$ i
55. Social boycott7 G: Z" E: c1 m' j$ c# y
56. Selective social boycott
5 {7 A; t0 E! ` 57. Lysistratic nonaction$ B8 A1 z% r h# v# [$ T
58. Excommunication
4 i$ e8 f. z+ _- ]& E 59. Interdict. m# Z- c6 ]- Q
^" M- u; U" X9 @- d! c# ]/ C* x7 ?
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' B1 x9 `4 G+ E4 I( o/ \ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; ?* |$ O* v: U2 V0 ~2 Y% E 61. Boycott of social affairs
) T6 K8 _! N/ U) F6 u" z 62. Student strike
7 Y' K" m* `* d5 x ?5 z 63. Social disobedience, [# @ ?) x# [/ a5 `3 f
64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 d9 J" L1 |" |. B
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Withdrawal from the Social System
# q0 U/ `9 w8 \" g; d" u 65. Stay-at-home- w8 J1 H% a& G) j2 e3 r
66. Total personal noncooperation$ U9 B% i5 L* i
67. “Flight” of workers: V v' q* T. j5 G# D- H; X2 }% Y
68. Sanctuary
, L6 o9 M8 i! R* E 69. Collective disappearance5 H# S8 e! p6 i- r6 P' I
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 f, V. b) D2 ]) ~$ B6 j
+ i) O6 x$ S- `% d
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS, t* ?7 a7 k+ c
% ]3 g- r! R' ]5 E. f& [& K- y6 r
: W% [. \4 i1 E9 ^6 Z5 Z0 sActions by Consumers1 [2 r3 ~% t2 a1 e/ @$ j
71. Consumers’ boycott+ e0 b! s. i8 L! Y3 Y8 H
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ {" s5 s' _1 @4 ^6 l. _# @7 n
73. Policy of austerity% y, U( v8 j8 }7 S" H) L. K3 g
74. Rent withholding4 |6 W( }" D8 d1 y& C' t K
75. Refusal to rent
$ F4 H5 a4 B' E U 76. National consumers’ boycott0 O$ J' L/ B4 [- n( i+ j! b
77. International consumers’ boycott4 y' ]1 U5 b0 Q
! M m5 S% `- KAction by Workers and Producers E8 T X( e* T% U9 F4 t/ ]7 `* ?
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 G8 q# `: ], S- v; h$ I 79. Producers’ boycott! T0 H6 o' H# H( B1 y2 Q: e' K3 \
% g9 C# ?( Z6 B K1 e1 T) B* UAction by Middlemen3 |$ A! L5 [5 C ]
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 N) ?0 ~5 N# a3 l b5 O! ] H, F" _" f6 q! \
Action by Owners and Management
7 ]( \( L6 C4 z9 V B 81. Traders’ boycott" @( X2 z+ w& P" D- L& h1 y0 g
82. Refusal to let or sell property8 q+ J! U9 a/ r8 n: h
83. Lockout: B) N- k8 W3 k( S" K3 P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' i' u7 l# y/ |9 T8 J9 ^ G+ c" k& G
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 u6 v& q, k0 J: W5 H3 V$ o) X/ C, o7 p; j* Y2 {! {7 k$ D
Action by Holders of Financial Resources: [( B* i0 k8 @, I$ ]8 ~: |: l1 [+ {6 s
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, T( v4 ~/ K) ~9 {9 I
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# ?3 O7 V/ t3 |5 i& Q, m
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! F) T& Y% T) F4 S 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 O. E4 v3 A: e5 g5 x 90. Revenue refusal
1 [( A. v, J; \! U; L: { 91. Refusal of a government’s money2 x! n4 H6 ^* e0 n2 b
$ r- B1 W2 l; l, R, ]
Action by Governments" T! @, K9 `4 q4 K# c
92. Domestic embargo% T9 Q! ? ]2 e' U2 |+ {) k
93. Blacklisting of traders( V) R- h( _. |, D: K$ u
94. International sellers’ embargo: H1 M6 e. Y1 G- ?5 h6 [$ i! V6 B6 x
95. International buyers’ embargo* X' U9 t- P2 n3 D3 m, e
96. International trade embargo
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; {- y% |2 M" [# MTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes* r: }* P Z5 @$ S; ]
97. Protest strike
$ [: K0 {* U$ z5 P9 h4 X9 x 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); W# B. l" s5 G! Z
1 t! {: S# i& @ c J) cAgricultural Strikes
6 N+ a c( L# u 99. Peasant strike
, f, n) ?7 i' G5 Z 100. Farm Workers’ strike4 K- ]% _% }6 @( G5 y
# c$ h* `5 v1 _- Q- a0 J! GStrikes by Special Groups$ @6 j3 S2 u, \5 S1 |, L, b/ X
101. Refusal of impressed labor
* \4 @, _/ u, g2 ^! g 102. Prisoners’ strike! K+ t/ ?5 c) ^5 ^; l9 _
103. Craft strike
# V& \8 t/ U: N/ x; _ 104. Professional strike1 Q+ d, ?- a4 n0 B4 I4 @
0 ?( M# A$ `+ B$ s6 b4 POrdinary Industrial Strikes
1 q+ y5 G" C, N 105. Establishment strike' E4 e/ {8 `$ O/ b v% N
106. Industry strike
3 K5 b( W; P, B1 r/ D 107. Sympathetic strike
4 }3 C2 a3 O! p, l/ i- W% }! F
. y& ^: @% u6 \7 }. k: S+ Y4 QRestricted Strikes" _: }% f9 d n* Q$ c) i
108. Detailed strike
6 g! F/ Y: o: O0 Y9 d6 ` 109. Bumper strike
1 n$ c; @. L, ?" k2 a7 W 110. Slowdown strike" r' d! T% g1 _% B/ U8 M
111. Working-to-rule strike: z% D; W6 h6 v/ P
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 {! y! H* @6 A
113. Strike by resignation
; \8 x: R0 P3 }* P* f# k 114. Limited strike! [0 X+ q3 l0 _' Q8 Q
115. Selective strike: ^* u6 z `7 |! F& h% {
- \$ }2 u' ^$ a3 V: ^
Multi-Industry Strikes& \0 a# E. |2 D: u) U' p
R) P o) j( C/ o
116. Generalized strike; ?8 O1 m9 |4 j7 y& A; _8 z1 Q
2 X2 u+ x; p! x$ H 117. General strike) F, l \* v* Z$ {2 k5 R1 m
) {. V' T4 v; M
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( v4 ~# ~) k# m/ i( H
" C& A8 u% D, d& v- q x+ p1 ~6 H 118. Hartal
: K; ]7 {- s& |0 i7 ]* B$ J' H1 U x2 p
119. Economic shutdown, u" \3 E8 t4 d$ e
7 I$ `' ^. q% |
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority3 o" J# W# ?5 q9 h( S: Z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 B- X& z4 r9 D3 c7 u7 Y; h# o
121. Refusal of public support
0 k3 G$ Q7 L0 Y4 P 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 W% ^' l9 B, k# ]
: W6 U, ^% i: V- Y1 [* @9 l: I2 `Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 ?1 @/ s2 D' | 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 r$ w3 |' n- w5 [ b3 L, d; d 124. Boycott of elections) K, k; \: l( ^* d
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 v! c: {& g( w$ d1 J1 N! q. p 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! F1 W! d" q. X- C
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions. g- f8 o2 |/ v9 L& n# V
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 P' R; ~0 U4 Z2 d
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& L; \3 Z0 d* e) v1 P 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ l! L! I- |0 X/ ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 D' B$ N, n8 l6 y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 m5 X( M8 K V5 h+ o i
3 x- f e7 |+ \& {1 |Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
g. _$ a7 y4 K# M 133. Reluctant and slow compliance- Z2 i2 N- ~+ [& L% \0 V
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: B8 l; M2 C: y9 B5 k' [, r 135. Popular nonobedience; L5 I B+ d5 o0 O* J
136. Disguised disobedience3 m. y$ V* F, [- t
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* g. x1 q4 ]) u 138. Sitdown+ ?% Z0 C/ k( G3 i) V# F: [) ]* T
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. f5 d4 r" s" x B- _
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- G. P7 B) i/ Z2 w7 Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 n) b9 G' R1 [- A% d5 \/ K
% W; Y" ~6 |% @: X. IAction by Government Personnel
' @8 c9 \2 s1 a, o" L 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* o p1 T5 G; r
143. Blocking of lines of command and information* }/ _! L8 T7 J0 k/ H( i* H3 ?
144. Stalling and obstruction
" @, J3 t3 l) e2 q4 G 145. General administrative noncooperation. e A, V/ ]$ {* M, S9 @6 c7 l
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146. Judicial noncooperation
7 J; v8 J$ A! G% E4 q" ^ C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
* {- A- C- D# o5 I b' h$ c# O 148. Mutiny
9 [5 Y: e2 o0 |3 N. n) k# iDomestic Governmental Action
7 s& q2 P) k8 J7 [, @1 F 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 J! I5 c; K/ a* ?. e, ]( T+ _
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units, o( n( O! ^" O8 O. O; j/ P
8 x" L5 J. C0 i& z: NInternational Governmental Action* l0 F$ r; O9 H% y' \
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' X- b) q* C* c; ~, O* q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* A+ \! T! X+ M& U2 B) B, o
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ M" X+ C6 H% h+ C" O6 ~ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 L7 v0 c @, k2 I& z( R
155. Withdrawal from international organizations g- S" x/ h. |: S/ Q1 O1 ~2 p2 y
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. K7 J3 t; t8 u( e- M" X
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention/ e5 q( ^6 @4 Q/ Y+ S4 H+ q
158. Self-exposure to the elements+ ?! {3 D$ p0 H! O: V
159. The fast
2 {! J: x, k8 c. I' e' X a) Fast of moral pressure7 T3 @. ~3 R* n* `) u/ ?2 E. K
b) Hunger strike
: o2 a# s( U; z+ r c) Satyagrahic fast
) b3 C5 b7 w1 K: i8 ~ J 160. Reverse trial
, |$ ^3 J2 _7 x+ Z5 N) Y: S1 c, x/ m 161. Nonviolent harassment8 W1 e2 } f* P' ^* ~& t
6 a: i- x0 o: v9 e) x
Physical Intervention: m" k- ?9 b' p
162. Sit-in
( ~( y9 `% p4 R' V2 U' t 163. Stand-in2 x. Q) d) W3 K, n8 N) z
164. Ride-in* M. W5 M: c1 H9 }
165. Wade-in4 s5 z/ y% ~( ]0 y( m
166. Mill-in3 p& e! N$ j2 D6 Q
167. Pray-in3 o$ L5 Q' e4 M& s/ G
168. Nonviolent raids. ]8 r8 S0 k4 d' ~+ d3 l
169. Nonviolent air raids% o- Q! t( n& e
170. Nonviolent invasion; }) U7 \ S6 E, S" ^. W/ X* D
171. Nonviolent interjection
1 n+ @1 {6 y) \+ H" J 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 X$ @1 a. P$ m9 A+ e: ]
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
1 }: }1 X# D9 x) r8 D' m9 @! r" J 174. Establishing new social patterns( l8 O; g+ e5 Z- S2 E& Y$ N; ^
175. Overloading of facilities7 `0 t q' A J# h9 H- n
176. Stall-in8 F, g' W: B6 Y! |0 u! w
177. Speak-in
9 u% _9 T- O2 r/ h 178. Guerrilla theater
# p. N4 a0 k3 w. ^( t' B% w 179. Alternative social institutions
" h/ E( x8 u# l4 c 180. Alternative communication system, a, }! |' I1 B( V, Y
4 V* X/ }& o' S' F4 I! |6 Y T# k/ N0 t+ zEconomic Intervention" e, j: j0 K: K2 W: Z$ w
181. Reverse strike+ x- G) l- M& s: r$ R$ G
182. Stay-in strike8 K) ~/ P& B3 U& Z; Y
183. Nonviolent land seizure8 v( w$ X1 N: e4 C0 `+ f! \# F
184. Defiance of blockades
' {& C+ W$ {$ J) X' X v( q4 I 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 O# I5 I# V% O4 v# \
186. Preclusive purchasing
q+ A, y1 q0 o& }0 Y 187. Seizure of assets: h# _9 d% q( Q; M. [* k
188. Dumping6 P& k; H- x4 l# r4 |6 |
189. Selective patronage- f6 E- ?& s2 m- }4 b
190. Alternative markets
6 C' c% K3 a% b8 b9 H5 Q9 d% x 191. Alternative transportation systems
3 D. |' x' ~: q+ S4 F 192. Alternative economic institutions' U! X: P9 M0 J
5 u1 |2 D7 H+ \2 q9 x& ^9 d; C
Political Intervention9 J( V) D1 ~" ?, {4 y7 m
193. Overloading of administrative systems
C3 r) K4 s, y" L' J4 t5 Q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
D* v0 c7 @6 V: Y( {+ V 195. Seeking imprisonment7 c) f9 f) p& m2 m6 K9 E; p
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 |# D) u3 c* }6 |, n 197. Work-on without collaboration
t9 f; P( Y$ ` 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. A* R6 K- c. w
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
