 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) H8 D0 x- q/ x, Y5 E ~/ _7 ~9 F+ BFormal Statements
8 m# v w5 L9 N i* K- ?9 } 1. Public Speeches s4 J! `, X/ _' [, n* q: j
2. Letters of opposition or support7 e/ r, k, w4 p3 b# R3 a3 Z+ P
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 Q+ V" ~: a. @1 z3 V/ d- T 4. Signed public statements
5 j, y9 ]) d" N5 P 5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 n7 Y8 Q# I5 v+ m, ^& g
6. Group or mass petitions
1 `. b0 o/ t: j; M" }: i W# D% T5 I) O* n( [0 ~) m& i+ ?2 l
Communications with a Wider Audience3 r% }6 g4 j% d) u' A; E
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* u$ g- ^* L4 b 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. J( V0 T! M1 } g) s/ t/ O( ?5 t# h/ c 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 d4 N0 g* `4 P {4 c 10. Newspapers and journals
8 \0 y2 \) q$ k4 a* W; \" D 11. Records, radio, and television
3 r& O" x: S# _' \ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
, h) T2 T2 W; x( |7 U6 e0 b9 Z% ^* ~# n c- v. }9 w! Y3 l
Group Representations
$ l0 l/ i1 k3 _8 O) p# I 13. Deputations
1 H' b& P" p W8 v ~4 e 14. Mock awards! ^$ Y( R% m2 n5 t* A' }9 H+ V& J
15. Group lobbying9 \; {& w2 F4 e# C( L; f) o
16. Picketing9 Q/ }. ?7 U9 |- \3 S9 Q3 p
17. Mock elections
% D9 s6 t D/ }; ~- @8 N
2 Y0 u+ E! O; \4 Z e1 WSymbolic Public Acts
. u4 @$ T) w2 ^' t% L$ E: w! c 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ o8 w1 H9 J6 ^, v3 }: t7 d
19. Wearing of symbols% d6 g1 m8 B- F2 H& e5 ^0 P
20. Prayer and worship
- k; `' | [& T 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 U/ d) \7 b: ?6 R/ J+ c 22. Protest disrobings6 d. p5 I5 s" z' p1 ~) @- `& ^
23. Destruction of own property3 Z) K' |" c/ a
24. Symbolic lights0 M h$ T+ u. l+ Z3 w
25. Displays of portraits
: p2 l0 ]' n, {! b; O+ i" n 26. Paint as protest
9 g6 h$ f9 N% h" V6 H! A 27. New signs and names+ B. a1 v1 U5 V5 v
28. Symbolic sounds
/ p/ W6 V8 D7 S( H1 Q 29. Symbolic reclamations
4 ~6 u5 i# E+ S" p/ J8 f3 n 30. Rude gestures* \( \; r; L4 ^
- q9 M/ D5 g/ v9 m0 U, u9 x g0 C, @
Pressures on Individuals
/ o5 V3 w F! h* V9 u 31. “Haunting” officials2 }5 h" t5 J" z' m
32. Taunting officials( A6 q V# t1 H) J6 X- o
33. Fraternization1 V" P% B; g% o9 R; c# U f" w
34. Vigils
+ d: s) k( [: { N c' z, k2 K. g* g1 b" w
Drama and Music
3 \7 u* g0 w* W7 g5 u7 z3 P. M3 _( J# b4 B 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 N [0 H# q, D3 y, O
36. Performances of plays and music6 {2 G/ ~ i/ W2 ~# H, ^- L
37. Singing
& U) Q9 N3 q; y- e* L0 \0 H/ ?/ C
) k: x6 _9 p# c3 c9 VProcessions
1 Y% o% P0 ]/ S! [5 ] 38. Marches2 A1 A3 h n- H& e
39. Parades a+ B+ s0 `7 a. ]7 I# ^2 O. M
40. Religious processions- ~9 H# g- b9 h, t2 k$ L: A- n0 i
41. Pilgrimages
, ?. s! ~3 S6 W( R1 n* I! X; i 42. Motorcades: F* @6 e3 y+ k& I! @( }
$ Q A: S- f5 b9 U
Honoring the Dead
6 G( d6 y* h- V2 N+ f 43. Political mourning
$ n6 C7 P$ P. S4 A; g- z7 k 44. Mock funerals+ B* E- ^, f* Y& d
45. Demonstrative funerals3 U6 N* H' N. R; V& U; R
46. Homage at burial places
2 M" O3 L) D0 t( D( U7 Q$ `) P7 b
$ ]* B% a# H4 w' w' @% MPublic Assemblies
. Q- y. \+ R- x* p7 R. ^$ N9 M6 m4 m 47. Assemblies of protest or support6 A8 F- Y; T n4 D0 ~5 B% u2 |
48. Protest meetings
$ [7 d1 g9 |( c: r0 t- v, s$ k 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 d$ K$ } g2 q! X
50. Teach-ins; L& m R. R2 |! m2 o
6 t4 O) A7 j) C7 F9 K$ b1 jWithdrawal and Renunciation7 x0 C' H' J! [' b/ i2 H
51. Walk-outs: N/ }- u$ l- t, a
52. Silence
& r' y6 M/ m3 V 53. Renouncing honors2 K& A' w& U2 z$ \6 z
54. Turning one’s back
2 M- U! U/ h& w+ o. A5 m6 b8 F3 n3 l" D
E# y0 g1 {, D0 k3 Z: x* d# |2 n( T7 Z$ P
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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P6 C+ p3 a6 j$ j/ M
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3 F; @+ G8 ?2 g& f. LOstracism of Persons6 U" K2 u; `$ D! ~& u
55. Social boycott; }9 b) c3 q o, u
56. Selective social boycott: N7 x4 Z8 V9 ^# k) U9 R
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 U9 a l: o; Y( f+ u0 D1 a
58. Excommunication( o/ L2 E$ N5 Q: E- d
59. Interdict
) C; w6 v2 y: K1 Z- ]7 {" z' \, X3 O+ ~# `4 b; S
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* Y) B2 b: n' s& o 60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 u/ N1 B8 ~$ Y. [. L9 m/ [
61. Boycott of social affairs
0 k; m2 A/ u$ h( d. |& j: U( { 62. Student strike
" G2 P2 F- Q$ T7 u8 ^6 T 63. Social disobedience
7 n! z* Y. m# m5 T" ], g 64. Withdrawal from social institutions- c% L0 U' D- I( s8 M) Q3 ^" ~
1 q4 [) n* i9 D! p+ BWithdrawal from the Social System
W% R/ _# j: t) K" w. C 65. Stay-at-home+ A4 R \5 n9 j0 o' E! q
66. Total personal noncooperation
d8 C+ D! v' e) t# Q" \4 w- V1 ` 67. “Flight” of workers: o$ e% [/ g0 C% ]
68. Sanctuary/ }' f6 T5 t& { F1 s0 {
69. Collective disappearance! B# F7 p3 P. j3 Y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ h- z4 y: t4 N" t; q, D2 q
/ C/ I$ ~3 X, t5 n) _+ Z 8 F: G5 r- H$ g9 w- ^+ L3 N
|6 ^( P$ x! Z7 z) GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ A7 H) Q* ?+ ^3 [. x2 o. |
! K7 d# i; A4 Y6 t7 {3 _5 [
" b" N5 i+ B+ @% _1 `( f2 }
Actions by Consumers
+ ]: D9 A' R) e8 A% {5 } 71. Consumers’ boycott# x1 @& s9 ?' p; |& I2 k8 c
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& M+ A: C. i9 h 73. Policy of austerity
# N0 o/ E* @- J- P 74. Rent withholding1 z9 r. @& e8 C
75. Refusal to rent
8 x m y# d/ J- O 76. National consumers’ boycott% \9 f/ Y5 g( s1 n
77. International consumers’ boycott
0 A) |/ b2 ?( W/ x6 }* z1 `! e
4 U5 ]9 o4 H3 w; K2 S5 [+ EAction by Workers and Producers4 S+ s2 a7 y" t1 Z# @
78. Workmen’s boycott4 V( ` G7 G# Y% `2 m; l7 S6 K+ T
79. Producers’ boycott
. w- m* U K. L9 _8 Z% z. \# Q- O6 ?) G5 E3 Q8 t
Action by Middlemen& ?1 Z' |. l- X$ p* s/ Z) h
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 \ p- t+ Y3 u% d4 Y6 [( s
& \& ? r& l4 d- Q8 BAction by Owners and Management
5 O! I [) W1 W 81. Traders’ boycott7 n( j/ a; c4 t0 {5 P
82. Refusal to let or sell property$ n6 F# {* P8 z6 L
83. Lockout
+ U7 u7 q5 } C 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( O% w( n$ G# U0 K- k 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 }$ H7 r1 W; D( i
" F/ \7 A; C7 p/ A' [Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ K/ ?7 |; ~' `4 d& \$ E2 \/ A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, N6 ~/ l$ v# c* e 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% N- f1 {# F8 U+ H; G( t% D
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) ?) D$ w. l! X! Q 89. Severance of funds and credit
/ p& d0 i# S/ D: T 90. Revenue refusal7 ]2 S& s& a/ O- H- q
91. Refusal of a government’s money
: c* I! ?+ J7 e* p4 \+ v* w/ Q: s5 e# l# z
Action by Governments$ Y# G8 b0 X) E2 V2 A1 n
92. Domestic embargo- `1 _* L; x( d1 @+ I' C
93. Blacklisting of traders
$ S0 V; q: M8 k1 {- l 94. International sellers’ embargo
# b6 A' v( w3 v* e 95. International buyers’ embargo
5 c2 @1 R3 k, x 96. International trade embargo/ d8 J$ Q8 g1 d& o+ G
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6 u! i8 F# p5 C6 e$ E9 xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
' v) l. K6 {. _8 t y3 B2 E, y) Y' g: R% k; R8 Y, k1 e
& n; h/ L! J0 `" HSymbolic Strikes
6 U0 l1 T" P# h6 H+ R 97. Protest strike, D9 {9 M- L1 B0 O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. Z, b+ o9 e# G. P! o* n' {2 h$ Y9 w$ \" C5 m+ O
Agricultural Strikes' [8 w J) n4 X7 a& @' R
99. Peasant strike
0 E$ V; ] K ^4 u' k$ r 100. Farm Workers’ strike. B" M8 @% j& Y+ Y; |: S$ l8 G
7 `: B) S% }- R1 w) V$ r) DStrikes by Special Groups
; O) q; G; o6 U+ R6 x3 c6 r: B 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 g2 n3 h$ E% a: M' H 102. Prisoners’ strike
" x0 ?, @+ ]2 d' n 103. Craft strike. e5 p! f. v: k3 S* J4 h
104. Professional strike8 p" m% C" d, \# f( {( L
0 q9 q5 L' t! n2 B$ a$ c* q G0 s" EOrdinary Industrial Strikes; M4 R5 |4 u1 e7 R7 s
105. Establishment strike6 e. y' K+ f4 l% _
106. Industry strike" U+ s2 |9 |1 ]( g3 E
107. Sympathetic strike
3 V- F i) ~( x1 W
0 l& O( A3 f# q% fRestricted Strikes, X2 p8 `! W! z1 W% D
108. Detailed strike
$ _( R' ]; g' X* a9 M 109. Bumper strike
4 y& D/ [5 x5 d3 t 110. Slowdown strike. k8 w ~, y0 f, {% i) P
111. Working-to-rule strike
* T# w, y/ T6 ~8 d 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" k$ j D$ t/ _9 o" { C 113. Strike by resignation
, m2 Q" c8 {7 y# }6 G2 Q 114. Limited strike& R% U/ e( |# W6 c- t
115. Selective strike
& \$ u& T& `5 e. r/ ]) Y6 b4 ]2 [. M$ ~1 u z4 [$ M3 y' H* }, |
Multi-Industry Strikes
! [3 T$ p4 t9 k/ Q& c$ [" w' r$ t; z9 l% [
116. Generalized strike) Q8 S0 t( s3 F5 o/ x: c, s, Z2 I
8 W3 v1 C, m2 S% Q' w% f
117. General strike! F% f: F$ ^- B4 C, q
& i% z7 V" G- W% ~2 |& Y y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures& D0 r0 ^& W$ b3 {6 ]1 j& s
7 g& c( f! d H' y8 k4 H 118. Hartal
* ?% Q# W V2 K3 p; Z8 O, t7 Q
; s! B: F* ]6 i! u- ~4 D' R 119. Economic shutdown
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5 X8 R1 E0 n& v7 W% Y! e7 J
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( _. |$ L( N4 _/ q1 f
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3 o, o/ I6 D1 q: ~, W( i/ F) s
Rejection of Authority3 s4 ]6 W, z# m' o0 x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: |/ V6 @; C9 n6 Z2 V3 u) C" F 121. Refusal of public support
1 N0 Q7 ^! x% Z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: m- g7 @$ v+ q( L! R$ f
_9 k3 e" ~1 t- C, J' Z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government, w" O0 d8 i8 `
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& I. P# j# l% |0 s 124. Boycott of elections
& [) c9 q7 d8 M0 r/ |! [0 } 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, a& y) V' o5 v( f 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 O0 r( k0 u8 S' \5 G; i
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 g+ v! z' \ i# i% o
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( A' l8 H s. t. @: _
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ K1 L1 `' }2 x 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 g# P, }" r6 l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials% W, m- Y. Z/ h- V
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 l$ `- n& v1 B/ ]# Y
& A$ E& z. }: O5 rCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ M; L$ m! S" W 133. Reluctant and slow compliance! _) d1 @ K( p, `8 c% y j
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; K+ r1 Z; e+ w 135. Popular nonobedience; F0 z; H4 g* y7 n2 \4 e3 k# e4 {
136. Disguised disobedience3 S' X1 R" _7 H% R1 n- N/ h
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 A+ G' U& R: j: _# k6 B 138. Sitdown
" L. `% p/ N9 x5 M7 n 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 s4 ^$ k1 `' Y5 ~1 q- _( a/ k
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 L; X$ R- L2 L; x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ d0 [' ?9 _! u% d5 n
5 K. u' r' {; y( b8 ?0 m5 h
Action by Government Personnel% F% c& ~/ G( B$ p
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
, Y. g( z" O( y9 D8 Q+ |% J 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! h8 v( R! A6 I6 M, x3 S% B8 I 144. Stalling and obstruction% b0 H% D! g. g& r) i% l
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 w# S5 {7 X5 }; w. f9 b9 q! U% o+ g- }! C$ `+ V
146. Judicial noncooperation
3 s! y' R- ~- ?% z; [$ O- ~) e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) L, C& @6 k w! `3 u2 e9 D 148. Mutiny: E! i* Z. i9 f& f5 Y+ R3 c I3 S
Domestic Governmental Action
% \) a% y# u% ^0 U- J# v/ E" ]" f 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
E9 d1 q/ }9 j4 q9 W 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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, {$ J+ Q6 p6 |6 RInternational Governmental Action
4 @' q, F4 K8 a- u* u 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* X. Q4 @& q) K8 ]
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 C' g. A2 v9 z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: J5 y$ l( d! p* M 154. Severance of diplomatic relations( m9 u2 K3 G# } ]; T3 Z* [& L
155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 b4 l. H- D! f" O
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 k8 Q n+ x) ^- y6 i3 C' M
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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4 v( w/ f+ c& f0 F' S7 L8 |% NTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention% [1 s8 l6 g" q! {1 p( C8 p' l
158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 E4 N: k0 ]# @2 F# }7 U& _5 _( L 159. The fast
( j( A7 Z: M& q+ U6 o6 c" { x a) Fast of moral pressure& I9 f& D0 W+ D$ H- F7 |: z
b) Hunger strike
3 H) J6 r1 W' m8 s7 P c) Satyagrahic fast) k9 \4 u3 _0 t' U
160. Reverse trial- N4 }3 e9 R! P6 e2 P; }. c3 @2 [; E
161. Nonviolent harassment; W4 v' Z% f% A$ \, ^+ J
. i: q9 B/ o( z% ]! D+ o+ J
Physical Intervention
& V, p+ x) T; m 162. Sit-in3 r# R3 x+ j! \
163. Stand-in
: A2 |* \% o* }# x 164. Ride-in# Z& K: i/ t- V
165. Wade-in
) }/ f1 q9 {! f+ o6 z' V, q 166. Mill-in
4 H3 }$ _6 d" J5 O+ F, X" l4 e7 X4 G0 R, G 167. Pray-in B0 U; P" L$ ~2 z$ L' O
168. Nonviolent raids
0 N; Y! O& U4 s* O 169. Nonviolent air raids
' |& K. n' ~' i/ d: o5 P8 @ 170. Nonviolent invasion
8 R2 O+ v e/ w1 D, N; m" R 171. Nonviolent interjection
! Y! y7 \9 a) R8 N; T 172. Nonviolent obstruction/ k9 W$ @: z( I8 S$ P; r
173. Nonviolent occupation
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, q0 O5 o, {; H, r# LSocial Intervention
0 @. A! ?+ W# i 174. Establishing new social patterns
, o6 Y: N, A7 A. P8 H7 b 175. Overloading of facilities1 z$ |: s J* j! ~; @
176. Stall-in7 D: S$ ?# X, `
177. Speak-in
$ T8 A; e# p+ \7 U- q 178. Guerrilla theater
, ^7 P% l: K- Q* g E+ a 179. Alternative social institutions3 o# P+ B4 `, s& n6 |) ?; r' B
180. Alternative communication system( h3 d) v) W2 |3 i3 l/ T
* A3 g5 x9 J: OEconomic Intervention
6 E, k/ m" ?* P: b" s 181. Reverse strike
6 W! }1 t# P- q# m; y$ [ 182. Stay-in strike
3 r* @4 s1 C% a( z9 J 183. Nonviolent land seizure* ~+ i1 n0 @' O# b# r& K: ~9 ]5 t
184. Defiance of blockades
! i! l, U1 ~ D8 R2 {# v 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! J" W7 t% L; E7 b; z
186. Preclusive purchasing
& k! t7 c0 \/ ]/ F% s. q 187. Seizure of assets! F- ~9 S+ O+ Y9 _) m5 V4 z# J
188. Dumping
7 Q# u0 T. R, M 189. Selective patronage
" ?7 N& k; V9 g 190. Alternative markets: g% K/ M: _4 H& S$ A$ Z
191. Alternative transportation systems
7 H: r! }3 {: {; b/ [+ ~ 192. Alternative economic institutions: v& a3 N* ~ S& V4 q9 [& a
' ^" B7 H/ s1 Q- `. e$ V6 uPolitical Intervention
+ ]1 [& E& h8 v( R 193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 k# h* s. g* c& V$ ?( F 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, ]7 Z8 P9 H$ I
195. Seeking imprisonment! S+ w+ a+ Q" y4 e4 u/ ]$ O
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( f0 Q# p3 q1 L, G$ \% T' P& G 197. Work-on without collaboration% ?4 N2 F( B q% Z9 Z$ ]
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
