 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# q6 ~2 j# ^3 s0 x' t# X; @- S' q4 c
Formal Statements" d( L7 O- K) P$ H. t
1. Public Speeches2 p" e$ K7 k2 c8 K- r+ l8 M
2. Letters of opposition or support+ N/ M# l0 p; O$ B& j5 J U
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; j: ~, g! s( U% h/ @/ P3 r 4. Signed public statements
: p- X6 |+ X7 ^6 ~0 K e$ L6 x 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- N5 E/ M4 s% W5 N# X! r0 B 6. Group or mass petitions
; F1 t% a% i: ]# [6 `. C5 f& p: D: b2 l8 a
Communications with a Wider Audience
" A4 F/ y8 o* H8 f |. o* n 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ @3 u9 @9 U7 t ^( O* f 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( R1 E" Z' B1 q2 f" g# `8 d- ?
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 s* c$ s7 _0 s 10. Newspapers and journals. ]$ c2 R# d+ i# K; G7 q$ t& d
11. Records, radio, and television
$ C9 ^8 y2 h5 u; ~9 ~: j8 N+ X 12. Skywriting and earthwriting; |* [# f* {6 c" b {: x
$ j3 P; | t, ~: z
Group Representations
" f7 n \! Z5 n# E# {$ L 13. Deputations5 V" u& d1 {0 j3 ~( `2 X
14. Mock awards
; A* v) H0 B- }- z 15. Group lobbying5 |' g1 f5 |+ K# K% L* N& L) }
16. Picketing
) X. f9 A5 O, k, D; P7 P 17. Mock elections
: k; d- `6 t @& K
2 d; Q' b5 N" d; Z8 p" Q& q% ]Symbolic Public Acts
. @' d! @& D$ L w5 y& k 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ e' i+ a% e' O* g 19. Wearing of symbols
! g }: k( [/ g6 a1 Z! r; j7 X 20. Prayer and worship5 X, T- q3 }$ k7 S+ d$ o% _) G9 h% k) ~
21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 e( I* ^# A$ i C) u9 i. b6 \ 22. Protest disrobings# m" _$ C- N8 k z: D0 G' `
23. Destruction of own property& H- J5 Z; n5 B( P( i
24. Symbolic lights
& G. e" M$ y+ L6 O0 i 25. Displays of portraits* ]" S0 F( E) ]9 x$ J! w3 y3 l* _
26. Paint as protest
$ u7 i9 n* Q i I" M8 B& L4 c 27. New signs and names
& n3 F. r+ R( S6 v. |4 Y& U 28. Symbolic sounds
" q5 w' V( g+ ^: l7 l0 J 29. Symbolic reclamations7 D$ g. h& g* x" ]
30. Rude gestures: s% Z& n7 O7 H9 h6 N9 V, \' g
* b7 u1 u; [/ G9 {8 {Pressures on Individuals
3 r1 t5 i3 S' L% b1 `9 d2 g 31. “Haunting” officials
+ S; x5 d) d+ [. A& F$ j: N e 32. Taunting officials
+ B- E- X3 P4 U+ r, S# B 33. Fraternization* }, ^% o4 g0 p2 K+ h2 F) _! \
34. Vigils' {' h; Q* `' M/ e/ |
) ]. @" h' X8 O" R# X8 y/ x7 W/ e
Drama and Music- X4 b0 t7 t/ l9 Z" B% C
35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 O; O4 [# O% d 36. Performances of plays and music
# o" G3 N) F/ p! C. I. P4 Z! H 37. Singing
[2 x+ R' F% S1 h d
5 |6 _" F; A, m# f7 A1 aProcessions
- {& b% ?4 H& R$ Y, O, H 38. Marches* v1 a& h4 o( I Z6 _
39. Parades
" _% D6 J* f% U5 ^4 e+ O: f t 40. Religious processions
& t! ]3 D- V( A1 j: d1 M2 l& \ 41. Pilgrimages) @- o3 Q+ H9 K) h
42. Motorcades
4 y. Z" s- H0 I5 a6 N, M) y
$ B$ z! g6 H9 Q$ [% \$ AHonoring the Dead
9 ]! p; N+ x6 L( S& }9 ]; S; I 43. Political mourning
6 @+ G8 c0 T' I 44. Mock funerals
8 D9 g2 z8 ^. {; o# T r& b 45. Demonstrative funerals
$ Q+ V: b( d0 m 46. Homage at burial places
! ~# a( t. M: Z5 r; L* c5 G5 P3 ?$ l
Public Assemblies# R: u6 ^; ?: r2 @
47. Assemblies of protest or support
. m3 j/ K* |4 }5 ]! [3 O& G+ q 48. Protest meetings. r- W: ?9 r) q, Y6 |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' X+ ?8 J1 B# G0 G& Q7 v& G/ O 50. Teach-ins; T$ g* G! i& E* M( j5 m% z3 r. m
+ f0 o) C" r, a/ g5 J4 I# h- A' eWithdrawal and Renunciation
0 z' \8 D2 m/ n& ?1 b; o4 i 51. Walk-outs
2 ?: j- ?9 {/ l3 J 52. Silence
- F: ~8 @ C3 C% a8 o& B. t9 @) K 53. Renouncing honors- M6 i' Y! }/ L0 ?
54. Turning one’s back* F: p1 S" u p+ n/ I- b& i2 t# E
: Q- C4 c: ^" U- l
5 [* t3 H2 O5 x3 A7 W1 w4 ]
# o; q/ Y9 Y4 P! ETHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 E5 }/ f' B) R" s) [ N6 d# T2 D+ O# ?
0 I6 P* m' ]" U0 ?. W: R
1 V# B$ T5 S5 @9 S; qOstracism of Persons: ?6 e9 O1 I. k, I w
55. Social boycott
: P2 k8 j" q* ?1 F2 V0 h 56. Selective social boycott
4 R5 t4 U& }+ U. \ L+ Y/ I 57. Lysistratic nonaction
" E* f# `" y& h! M1 g; R% r 58. Excommunication
/ C3 {) R# Q7 X 59. Interdict
: J" T* d" m9 z
" T4 g: W. r a$ QNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 l% E# d; C+ \ Z& C+ e- @; m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities* Q5 L$ u4 {0 K; q3 j! ^
61. Boycott of social affairs+ M! q3 z8 F$ N4 V) I, x
62. Student strike+ v5 {4 L+ J+ y* M( v
63. Social disobedience% p. s+ r& [# w7 Q1 J
64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 H9 E$ K, K2 }3 O& r
) B5 J5 Z8 B4 h4 h$ n4 VWithdrawal from the Social System- O6 X5 i7 t% N w2 c; G) F
65. Stay-at-home$ q5 {% r! S$ U: s+ `3 d% t
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 e5 b S( |& v5 `6 T( i9 }+ L8 h 67. “Flight” of workers4 Q' Y h$ L: a
68. Sanctuary
* `) g, e1 B5 U 69. Collective disappearance9 o& w; ~: G( ^. }: T. u7 T. t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 ]$ S6 n( x# Z3 `
7 [( }( U* j, E4 L , X9 @8 m, Q; J9 L7 @% d
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 ~2 u- d- W2 t* W/ X6 h$ y6 c
- ~8 e e$ E3 ] 8 Z6 p' D2 A2 M! u
Actions by Consumers9 ^# O4 n% k# I5 n$ J$ w" D n
71. Consumers’ boycott
- P# \; n5 Y) N5 c, E& w 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 L- ~' T; p- ]/ A
73. Policy of austerity
; q+ j% D3 U4 g, N 74. Rent withholding4 y; V0 [7 f. d* U2 H- A& A8 X
75. Refusal to rent+ i) S% a. v1 P# x" `+ \
76. National consumers’ boycott0 V- d6 G: r8 o. Q
77. International consumers’ boycott: Z! S6 \! ?. P- h) {5 H }
( h) J! d2 R7 S; W `Action by Workers and Producers
7 [, |1 A7 A0 O, a 78. Workmen’s boycott
5 W3 x+ J% |* j2 D* i 79. Producers’ boycott! Z8 q/ a" {$ j1 n Q& V
& J4 a# q; X J0 O. N
Action by Middlemen
1 B& [6 `. p2 J& p7 a% C 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 o: s' H" ?5 ~+ O
/ J; [- L9 v: D/ B h
Action by Owners and Management
" T; w7 z- k) `; c# ] 81. Traders’ boycott
9 f. C4 C' T/ A0 d 82. Refusal to let or sell property" k1 y$ b' V" w( K6 j
83. Lockout; d3 u! ^. j! k" _
84. Refusal of industrial assistance( |" B% [ g e8 @( T
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 F$ Q# A& D4 l2 F+ } [
. |! |1 i$ }& w' j( zAction by Holders of Financial Resources" s) i' N. c( p4 V' A; E
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' ]2 N) I q7 A. O$ T 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 l$ L( `; g5 `7 v# b9 n x 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 h5 K$ i; r# N' q& M4 @. T" C 89. Severance of funds and credit4 f! L# C8 X% d. b% ]7 P- M
90. Revenue refusal
$ [* D/ z: Z/ w4 X' V5 o: X 91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 o" d' }; S& \- ^& y" o
+ L' }+ @! D" L3 p$ p9 ]Action by Governments; A1 z; j# S i' X/ B6 v8 L& M
92. Domestic embargo
5 s) \7 f" n, y" N1 P 93. Blacklisting of traders
3 l$ U I, j$ }, i 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 V& T" q# ]5 F+ } 95. International buyers’ embargo7 W3 a k% q9 l# g( ]
96. International trade embargo. e) T* r5 V! q+ _+ o
6 r$ n; g* C' W7 M/ E
0 | C- \; u5 j) ?- B/ V- W6 D0 A
, e9 |, a# i; b( xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: Q i7 n2 q' u: e
* V% g8 R$ K: E8 X: j0 S
7 u& y2 a E8 t w( hSymbolic Strikes
3 w& n" Y' Y/ e, d$ a u) } 97. Protest strike$ V$ R, O1 B% g# e
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; H4 _0 F) t8 u' E" W4 i! R/ G& \) k9 o+ B5 a4 P$ ]( }* ^4 a
Agricultural Strikes
3 g4 F0 J9 L$ \, T$ r8 n' U 99. Peasant strike
* c! j# s/ T/ w6 B# D/ c1 p 100. Farm Workers’ strike% x. D4 _8 j% L3 B4 W w' ?/ |( \
" O/ j. s3 I( G% T' vStrikes by Special Groups6 n) n; Z2 v$ z$ ?% w
101. Refusal of impressed labor4 e9 y7 g j3 r- S7 }7 n3 t
102. Prisoners’ strike( ^; D# f- x. m* w0 _1 s2 [2 B1 O& I
103. Craft strike! L$ f4 j7 ~# ]. E6 G
104. Professional strike
( i L8 p: P/ J8 }8 ?; d2 [ o: k9 Q, V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes' Z q% F# z9 L: G. b
105. Establishment strike
6 `* y: B0 U/ ~2 D" o9 u8 {0 X 106. Industry strike1 ?. Z+ [6 ?% c% j1 L+ R; `9 E
107. Sympathetic strike
! N" _) H+ W! E# ?( y! O- }- |
2 ~$ f! K& H3 w% R# wRestricted Strikes
; r1 P. q& O1 S% ^0 x/ f 108. Detailed strike
0 H9 S" D5 R6 |6 |9 s3 j 109. Bumper strike* t' J& y" V5 |& A/ L
110. Slowdown strike1 ]% g: z" l( [7 ?$ [
111. Working-to-rule strike/ {( t, |8 t; e$ e( f
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); u4 U! G1 Q: j, K6 G
113. Strike by resignation0 g9 q% m/ I* z" M8 P4 x8 H
114. Limited strike4 Y \8 y+ M% {; x9 ^4 b5 Z
115. Selective strike8 Q2 }* W) ~& q7 |+ K4 W( a
% h/ k/ k; @: V2 {, k; _Multi-Industry Strikes" p! L2 L( V9 O% Q1 G- W
+ D$ G" N# w, i: {
116. Generalized strike1 l' B0 W8 M [ E# V
/ d5 m9 _9 b% | 117. General strike
' J4 Y+ |+ [/ d \6 z
8 z! A- D' \4 g, H( sCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 I a9 u7 h6 Q5 e; k
1 Y7 c3 F1 U, h 118. Hartal
# y. x" Q$ \1 S7 s* M+ h2 j+ h @7 W
119. Economic shutdown- k: y" r7 f' _1 f" ^- L2 X
5 s' X! i" G% ?; f" w5 h$ f5 U! \ 2 D" o# u) k4 Q; z3 w4 e. r# z
+ G' W1 s+ A$ T. h
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' E: S! v& z+ {# {8 }
# B6 ]* w1 E9 \: J 0 x8 a* A5 E$ |! e1 B: a. U5 m% x
Rejection of Authority
. V/ {5 X# H; ?% a 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 x$ g* H6 J& b& l" |" a6 C& |, z
121. Refusal of public support# K0 p2 x5 Q1 D: ]6 u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; i6 _- _/ q: _9 a: f: `2 L' a" I) x2 Y2 z, H( ^
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 Z9 h7 ~8 v; X Q9 m 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" y. K$ m. a; W* j- Z 124. Boycott of elections& B. m9 c8 d: } \1 Z7 W7 h
125. Boycott of government employment and positions o; g0 j: B/ n" ^
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! Q, H0 [; S+ w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 a- T% B) V/ e& \! g* ^ Y: P# n
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ w+ T; P1 G" y0 ~
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 w+ Y/ u% ?% a) U6 W) A/ k
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 z- _3 b, j" S( o7 T j# H 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 J" {, t4 _5 [+ B: d! Y2 [
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 |0 [0 @5 P8 a+ t) t$ x
9 b" I3 k4 Y! l/ V6 v: }Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ N; i! }. H- @ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 x: m F& Q6 S4 p q! D2 c( ? 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" `+ o4 |+ r" E7 Q5 ?" z5 f
135. Popular nonobedience
: U4 o3 ]+ c9 D+ z( c1 G Z& T( Q 136. Disguised disobedience2 @9 r, P7 \5 `$ S( A) `+ N8 P5 K5 |
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 ~' O1 {6 Z4 B1 R+ Z
138. Sitdown
. d8 `2 P. c6 a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* T5 V; [+ q1 Y h N 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 C7 _( b. h. c: H$ t1 r4 L) O
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
; ]* M2 i: G2 y8 u* I
# W: ]' x9 E8 x$ z1 ~, T1 A3 sAction by Government Personnel
. s9 d' z. q6 e# _4 d1 Y6 Y 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 x/ ^* N( m* k v# e 143. Blocking of lines of command and information- _+ S7 O, o8 {6 Z s+ M
144. Stalling and obstruction
2 F6 R8 g: K: ~6 g$ I" q 145. General administrative noncooperation$ r) b8 f1 i/ Q# T, f
5 ?1 L0 O8 ]- Q+ Z( D 146. Judicial noncooperation
' J7 h2 _; @- g: ]# y* u 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 M6 Y1 p, x; ?, u n
148. Mutiny( j, G) q/ C- q* t
Domestic Governmental Action; J; [0 O% P p0 U
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 k( E& h0 |8 E' D- }9 ]; t
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* S K7 H3 t0 [& [4 v/ o
4 a+ z; N" \% a: M" o' C
International Governmental Action! l' h# \1 |4 ~! [+ [! }$ m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
D; g5 [; J. J 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ }6 d5 ^3 O% o- H 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 H \8 ?" T( P' O! R 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* |* z' O" W: k 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! n3 z- W3 i1 \" M: A 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ K+ K8 ^1 w) u6 v 157. Expulsion from international organizations Z! Y0 _' E. y& c9 F5 ~
! Y: E0 m* |- M; E) ?
$ ~3 i0 m9 ]1 C* l8 Q2 P+ I+ ]& i9 M0 `* e6 [0 w( D$ G
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
2 y9 D0 G( n% P" x) ]) c4 n. l$ [5 p, c% X2 C5 W" H
$ U; b. Q4 w% p0 k/ x1 X' x# @Psychological Intervention
! a& S5 r7 r {/ [. J/ e/ v 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 i! |! ]( Y7 {3 t$ I" [* |
159. The fast
3 W- K5 d& K; N) n) v a) Fast of moral pressure( O$ e4 y% c) d- g5 F
b) Hunger strike
* M, B/ q$ \# a8 B- R2 S4 B8 L c) Satyagrahic fast# t+ `0 A, s" B$ g
160. Reverse trial/ j. B5 {! z$ {% I6 C5 n
161. Nonviolent harassment
. k% y5 s, w! v F2 R1 ?( ]6 k4 ? ^ ^! U% h
Physical Intervention
5 v& Z3 t$ \) w! L 162. Sit-in
1 M* E+ a# W1 F6 K; @; G( U 163. Stand-in
9 R0 }6 |+ c- f" _8 V( U, p. C 164. Ride-in, o5 ^' g: w, ]6 u
165. Wade-in) d: ^1 Z+ i) O& Y3 k: d) j3 c
166. Mill-in, Y" `2 H1 X7 u# A2 J
167. Pray-in
: v# _. F' g- C; a 168. Nonviolent raids
: Z6 j6 X5 }4 ?. H- y 169. Nonviolent air raids# {8 w L( P5 m8 q- C9 |
170. Nonviolent invasion. P7 g% Y- A6 ^' } H, G7 y4 ?1 A2 f8 Q
171. Nonviolent interjection0 w9 C9 c# _# t% K- C. _3 q& k9 R
172. Nonviolent obstruction& V: I( p! d o# N. j
173. Nonviolent occupation1 ]& J w O! m7 T2 j
7 b0 `& y l; K4 A. OSocial Intervention! H7 H1 h3 ` j5 t$ G6 \/ \
174. Establishing new social patterns4 b( @4 }) P* \! }- o
175. Overloading of facilities
: }3 o. s# {4 w& a: ~( C5 e/ D 176. Stall-in; ]* J7 q6 e! y; ^) n6 K, t
177. Speak-in* c% K4 ^* @* O# f
178. Guerrilla theater
: L- [# m; A4 ?% n 179. Alternative social institutions
3 t1 u% `7 `0 y d 180. Alternative communication system8 ]6 O5 u5 ?; ~( k. v, K* p4 K1 ~
9 e( g; ?% C& |( g
Economic Intervention/ R: J- c$ [$ ^/ r* c% |
181. Reverse strike
?) W" Q `$ z 182. Stay-in strike, d/ l" o# h g) L6 S; V' g
183. Nonviolent land seizure, `4 [2 y. y- b ~' n) [
184. Defiance of blockades8 p# f/ y e2 i6 M# u
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
+ Q1 X( S0 P" s! X {1 D 186. Preclusive purchasing) C3 z5 ]& I/ o! v J6 r7 l
187. Seizure of assets
0 {& p7 q8 O" Z& ~. k 188. Dumping- X- R" L4 H. s* \ L4 Z% \
189. Selective patronage. M% e5 g' O r% V, `4 ~; H
190. Alternative markets
+ j: e) d* r3 h6 f7 j; \+ H: [ 191. Alternative transportation systems4 i8 c6 H0 P* Z5 S6 ?
192. Alternative economic institutions% m+ i; O2 [; p6 u$ G
) x6 K/ U$ h( ?
Political Intervention- l5 a# V% ?- a2 ~/ b1 b; O
193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 e/ e/ c. v) H7 Y* H( q2 R 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 ^! P) h2 ^7 t9 t6 j 195. Seeking imprisonment& I* b. l8 C9 Y8 g4 F' W
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 b& j/ I. G( C, D7 F 197. Work-on without collaboration7 P3 Y% w& e3 U8 `- h/ L) B
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 \ v. n, j0 z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
