 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; K3 S7 n+ l% S
Formal Statements! F3 ~" O4 ]: m. F9 i# Q, t3 |
1. Public Speeches
/ g* Q) M* Q& q! i* R# d7 Z( ~ 2. Letters of opposition or support
`* @7 L: G* |" [4 R& \ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 P/ b( [! o8 o! V* F 4. Signed public statements( m* |& y. y% y# R1 d: d1 t
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# O5 F3 s# W0 X; @ 6. Group or mass petitions' E* e% j4 |# x) V6 A
. R; p, Q- h X$ a! a+ f3 d; e; }Communications with a Wider Audience
8 ]0 ~5 v# N2 q2 `8 l7 b 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- @6 }' u& p' r 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. P p9 c" P# H0 _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" u: C% K5 [& b- I/ i
10. Newspapers and journals
4 o1 @6 o3 i$ o! k# l% B0 n0 M1 a 11. Records, radio, and television n# w( N" d1 H# {- V1 ^, s: M+ z
12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 f& v! {: m% ~
6 ^) g: [0 Y( {' s/ D
Group Representations0 A5 z7 e8 [5 j7 B$ `$ `" |
13. Deputations
% _: { O, M7 C1 m `& y 14. Mock awards
r+ D4 j B3 z# h" f4 o8 w' Z 15. Group lobbying
: o) l2 X( Z' [ |: @4 B2 ^, k 16. Picketing
8 y9 P O7 h: P9 @- [ f 17. Mock elections# E4 U) f( ?+ l8 [0 n3 U) N
$ e, \4 |: t. e- H1 S* t. P2 l9 bSymbolic Public Acts
; r8 t; ?6 e( k) Y8 P" q* H( U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! p! x7 N6 B: w% b, g/ F; B' w
19. Wearing of symbols0 M1 o [! ?4 W$ w. g" i
20. Prayer and worship
- i: G* E8 P4 u4 p 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 h: I0 o! d# z 22. Protest disrobings5 |' Z! K2 L! @
23. Destruction of own property! N0 {, Z' c8 n3 i- S8 e0 X C Q
24. Symbolic lights
( F3 W n* I. d7 F. \ d' q 25. Displays of portraits
3 a8 m; L3 `) p- W! k' z 26. Paint as protest; V% l5 ~! B* j+ B
27. New signs and names! |8 \4 B" i. r- h
28. Symbolic sounds
' f! s% X0 [3 h 29. Symbolic reclamations
, @4 L& B7 H4 q 30. Rude gestures
# d& v9 l2 R( L8 s% S: U. G/ {( m0 ?
Pressures on Individuals
$ _4 b0 V4 t) O9 I6 [$ g 31. “Haunting” officials; F _+ j' ?) `9 u0 L! x
32. Taunting officials
4 Y: r* m+ \9 X& C' W) a0 f( @ 33. Fraternization, D$ K7 N. g( \& q: e. H8 C
34. Vigils
( L5 g+ ~6 u# M/ ^0 i+ [& ^) o. c4 }- x
Drama and Music
# u/ _3 E: j' l a5 i 35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 d2 s: A' y5 K5 o! k( {; u$ | e 36. Performances of plays and music
& Z0 I% l+ M8 Q* y# o1 V 37. Singing
& N9 m) N9 R9 y: Q9 o
8 S) y2 |, D7 u, N zProcessions' e9 A H) k# |; {/ N* @& n/ |
38. Marches
+ c* C6 w5 A( q" t 39. Parades1 w; Y0 o! v( R# ^* j" S
40. Religious processions. n; f7 @ q0 x+ p* ]
41. Pilgrimages
4 d+ g# f7 D5 z1 W6 J: X 42. Motorcades# ]% w0 v l) n7 l# x
2 m4 Y# d- K% V, Z
Honoring the Dead6 Y. y: B. h5 p' ^; _5 b( f7 a+ I
43. Political mourning+ j4 O; l9 c/ W# h8 }) x
44. Mock funerals: H5 w4 o- f ~5 U0 x
45. Demonstrative funerals
; x* |" v6 h0 v5 p! v" h 46. Homage at burial places! _% P, }' V9 H8 S G# p
* K! n3 s# G7 |7 b5 L# O. W+ NPublic Assemblies$ C* G; L6 ~2 l8 e
47. Assemblies of protest or support
L1 ^% ?, g+ ]: V a! U 48. Protest meetings+ {. s6 ]$ x% \
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ G% e; s& d7 m5 z5 H Z 50. Teach-ins
4 J$ q1 ]4 }& c8 M# s
/ K+ r% e: b3 i. Z- m PWithdrawal and Renunciation
. } @9 p6 n; W7 h0 Z 51. Walk-outs2 o6 L! g/ V! y6 {
52. Silence0 ]& `4 O& u) y. Y- q1 s8 m
53. Renouncing honors
/ _/ _1 u( ^6 ~" @! p8 X 54. Turning one’s back t# X5 F# A3 s9 N1 h
/ c6 K. A8 _( H" w# a/ V
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& X1 M. ^7 x8 R
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% k9 d: u" x/ F7 i K5 L
Ostracism of Persons4 c' M( o% `( v' n
55. Social boycott" Y1 u1 d2 D! Z" S! E
56. Selective social boycott
6 U0 [# l) I8 ^) C4 P2 G, Q8 ~ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 I& b- I( ?& f( O 58. Excommunication
& V+ P- e% |+ ? 59. Interdict
& ~: C% f' @" l& D; o* k0 _
+ _# h0 f! @' NNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; q* k! k4 k1 F- K1 o7 d1 A 60. Suspension of social and sports activities. C' K0 b: K- }! y( r: ]5 P; P! h
61. Boycott of social affairs& h8 @1 i# z( y5 Q6 _. \- @( t( ?2 }. e
62. Student strike
) f) Y8 B, L$ U6 z R 63. Social disobedience
. Z4 R8 v! p: J4 j9 l 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. I( b* S& a; l' u
$ r1 k3 @; m4 X7 SWithdrawal from the Social System
6 Q) v& B1 J% K( n* I( Z 65. Stay-at-home7 }/ |- b% L3 K/ T
66. Total personal noncooperation* O' h0 O! g& Q0 d9 G$ @
67. “Flight” of workers
0 F6 [* p; r9 c6 T- o9 ?; v 68. Sanctuary6 j' t/ M( o5 I' O6 ]' @1 ~. z" V5 ]
69. Collective disappearance
4 P# ~ W' x; O9 _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% U7 l/ x7 Y. V# ]9 `1 j0 |- x, h7 u. x" _
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- }# V3 C; e; W+ S0 v. {
+ l3 J6 V; G* d% v7 j
: s+ {& [4 K1 O P
Actions by Consumers+ I3 ^/ ~5 G; ?3 N
71. Consumers’ boycott( ]- u9 j) S: [
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- w, D& m; `. h5 @ 73. Policy of austerity
1 }3 b( Y S; L% {, I/ U* W# u3 Y3 R& Z 74. Rent withholding4 `& r3 }) _3 g" G( c7 W; x7 E
75. Refusal to rent
8 X7 |* _( b4 }4 u' v: g 76. National consumers’ boycott9 o5 V6 B9 b1 |% S3 S9 l. W; V X
77. International consumers’ boycott3 H: Q4 i3 f6 G) g% X7 b: \, d( C
; i: k% W. M' I1 S A
Action by Workers and Producers, N; x2 O& v1 d# T! Q3 U
78. Workmen’s boycott
$ g$ D5 C: f# I f 79. Producers’ boycott
0 J' r: j4 c E/ k
& P3 }( ^# B7 z( \) B3 P$ ]& pAction by Middlemen' n4 Q- n c7 S, h+ u
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 I- D8 S- f& l
0 K' P4 k* B5 b7 H
Action by Owners and Management2 C) I. R0 ` l7 U/ F
81. Traders’ boycott% M% H3 x. Y2 U N
82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ I* D9 _+ H" h# R 83. Lockout
3 [0 U8 r8 A* ^/ y4 U 84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 z m/ q+ B- i8 n! v! R6 C0 B6 _
85. Merchants’ “general strike”# t/ ?# K% ]* N8 N+ ~6 o4 P
- @# O' A* h9 F( l
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 |2 ]! Z0 n f ?3 T 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 H5 O4 a. v' J8 F 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 ]! y3 l! {; R5 q- _& r" E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" F; {$ K+ B# s' r) O 89. Severance of funds and credit/ A' d" _0 G( ?* Y6 k1 x
90. Revenue refusal
4 y- ], _* `3 E9 I 91. Refusal of a government’s money" o4 r1 j0 q4 Z) z
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Action by Governments5 M$ d& n# ^: c B
92. Domestic embargo
. p: R, z- [. {. ` 93. Blacklisting of traders0 |/ Y P3 `( T5 \4 v$ K1 m( C
94. International sellers’ embargo
, G6 r* o# }! T) @( b* D) }0 n0 | 95. International buyers’ embargo
( y4 K: [$ C+ z( ~" } 96. International trade embargo0 l2 {: [7 _/ y T* m& J
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ w g" k# X3 k- R5 W
7 ~2 V& s8 s% [8 P$ {
3 D6 g3 U, S" g! a" ISymbolic Strikes5 j5 |/ q% E) Q* _/ {
97. Protest strike# N- y3 F5 c |* ~. P
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 H- |/ X* c" M, t( `/ d5 [2 T/ e8 a4 A$ }" \
Agricultural Strikes- O& u' l* A4 o2 e; Y
99. Peasant strike9 e5 U$ ]7 |1 Q
100. Farm Workers’ strike. d9 R1 h% j# S0 u! @, A
5 a6 K4 B+ t) V% BStrikes by Special Groups3 [/ K! G1 U: z) l
101. Refusal of impressed labor4 U' w% M6 m7 x" x8 L/ x: j+ k
102. Prisoners’ strike1 d. e4 U' `$ o: v7 _
103. Craft strike) R5 Y6 J" a* A4 o' U W
104. Professional strike
6 I" f w( |- o" h) Q6 s* V7 E
5 |! P4 O# t5 A! TOrdinary Industrial Strikes
* L9 ?" S g ` 105. Establishment strike( Y. K& s% q- f: z$ Z2 q6 e, V6 p
106. Industry strike
( W. r+ h. V1 i5 w2 L 107. Sympathetic strike
" F, N, a. E3 H+ v u/ y
3 {) _% n( d' q: b/ U8 f* E/ ^Restricted Strikes& r0 ~1 i" ?; Y0 n4 g- M
108. Detailed strike* {3 }. g% ^9 ^& I
109. Bumper strike
" F, u3 a* ^3 L: Z- \ 110. Slowdown strike, @) i& @2 f" y( `* r' D e$ i
111. Working-to-rule strike
# P, c z6 ?' K1 `6 W- F3 O5 o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ P( [$ J/ \5 q0 Z/ Z3 ~& |0 g
113. Strike by resignation6 m: o6 P& f4 c3 s a$ ?# C5 y
114. Limited strike
" Y0 S" P7 a9 m8 b% f 115. Selective strike" \+ V( p0 p1 R/ Q3 _2 p" P
7 q+ p0 A! x o. @
Multi-Industry Strikes
) a" u. f$ H" H0 |- \) R4 ?6 v; S9 E5 l5 T+ M; q% K4 A
116. Generalized strike9 v0 k5 L8 e7 y& w
3 D) g- t: T! Y; E
117. General strike1 }6 R, X: b% h) P
. s3 |/ h# |+ q/ l/ I6 R, L: ~! hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures& V& ^8 R8 \" e/ H2 s
" Y7 D! B) g9 m0 _; V, ^ 118. Hartal
$ l3 ^' w. T* o6 w* B2 B/ K, Y
4 [7 @- _$ C% B8 @ 119. Economic shutdown
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3 y7 e$ O2 l* t, c
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority% b8 U0 \. [: ^( |2 S: y) k
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 f3 M( d2 m f7 Z 121. Refusal of public support H0 T$ w2 S$ b& ?! Y y- H9 U
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# _' I6 F% b; y% G
, i/ h( s+ K& X
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 _' Y$ [; R9 i2 V* ]8 }! M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies Z6 i& B8 z7 q c
124. Boycott of elections+ O5 l2 r4 I: L/ `
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
Q0 L% c( ]: V4 K/ P9 y" ? 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) v: n- n2 v* u0 Q5 ? 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( g& \( i" i% _9 i0 o& }7 ?6 v 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 R( ]5 N! E; j4 ?
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 @3 h! Z. r, G. W' F* t) [
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 ^4 B: y ^" p0 ?
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' w5 T/ z0 k8 T: |- \5 H
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ v( M' L% {% f$ P$ S% N( B. b
, Q# I; t8 U4 c( t: ICitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' i. K6 X) D4 _- p1 Z. U
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; _* ]. n/ Z1 [& M
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& o/ v" r$ \5 Q4 o0 X$ W 135. Popular nonobedience
% O8 `0 @2 I0 k3 M; ~3 C 136. Disguised disobedience
( H6 F7 l. ^3 e' @! [ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' d# x1 a3 [- s 138. Sitdown6 z5 _; n3 P2 e' p& Y" Q8 i4 N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
]! k5 w- Y* d2 u$ t0 x9 d 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. \2 v3 {! A2 Q3 f# O2 G. x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 V) g% y2 @$ Q5 D5 a- z1 S& w" ^' R0 U8 ^2 w
Action by Government Personnel
$ Y4 P6 X* H8 T- i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ d, A# ?7 o1 W: i" w$ ~
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) ?$ X! m5 D, h2 K' `/ o. ?7 H 144. Stalling and obstruction
" r" ~8 Q6 t. l: } f9 x6 p& L* d 145. General administrative noncooperation
! f3 g. I, H# {/ z* n0 G. {
" N( b# K. z; b+ ~1 m: I$ j# Y) F 146. Judicial noncooperation) c6 _5 b' l1 R$ s
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- ]: J+ k1 L; {# i6 Y, x [ 148. Mutiny* }8 ?3 ?0 R! Y! x+ f* J
Domestic Governmental Action# o/ u) W5 Z, {* Y. x
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 {* P# T# F9 b6 J% [) m; | 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 @$ Q# R3 c, E% i9 e- t: R4 r: \! g: L9 L; o
International Governmental Action
3 t n" O. B4 Q8 ?; v! u" s 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 D. x0 n5 l8 X: U# F% \
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" @; W3 h" A# p' l8 Q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 |" N' H. }) x7 X& p
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# q& {7 V$ j3 ^+ E2 ? 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 i8 |7 }! t- Z0 ^+ I 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* a: P: M$ ]1 R, q6 y
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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3 u, C( d2 s2 c( r" n1 l1 F2 ~! |1 ^9 v( }, j7 k5 {3 l. J' W
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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/ J4 d! |) K* ?2 ]Psychological Intervention
& n8 P+ R, L' K2 E3 U 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 Z* T; M) S, v; S/ C4 t8 ^! W: {
159. The fast" F4 S4 n' \; j9 w9 r* E% K- C* B
a) Fast of moral pressure( I& g T* g2 h4 B" O
b) Hunger strike |1 Q0 e5 w% M" V% g$ @' [( K7 W
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ ?, l; H# @% h! F 160. Reverse trial T6 Q+ w) b# ?; Z1 C K" }
161. Nonviolent harassment
' g$ ~2 c" q. z7 ^+ U& R- S4 t$ C* v7 j1 `6 j; q# [7 p7 X6 {8 Y- U. m. t7 u7 }
Physical Intervention; u7 W7 _& ]8 Z3 g" @
162. Sit-in( e" W5 @) i; L5 X/ P3 h
163. Stand-in& X) s* D4 Z$ D5 d" h
164. Ride-in
4 n9 K, a U% k 165. Wade-in( e3 f h+ o* n3 Y k! U0 n; @
166. Mill-in% [7 T# r6 e+ l z
167. Pray-in. q2 X( o/ }* E
168. Nonviolent raids# F; W5 U. Y4 [6 U" `
169. Nonviolent air raids
8 B; R: B/ e2 Y# ~4 n 170. Nonviolent invasion6 e/ B. A. ~1 n6 H4 A. z; O2 Z: k
171. Nonviolent interjection
: f8 j+ m, A# b$ X 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ M0 E; t. z! e. C- ^) X
173. Nonviolent occupation* @7 P, Q: r1 v: K f
/ J$ b7 n2 V/ f: f# ISocial Intervention
# ~" T& E* ]) ^0 i8 {4 f: _+ p$ ]% V 174. Establishing new social patterns1 W1 C6 ~, ?4 p2 D( ~
175. Overloading of facilities
. l6 z, M5 i$ u 176. Stall-in
+ E* `% G4 C/ b7 M 177. Speak-in R5 q$ a- I7 \/ t! j
178. Guerrilla theater
! P( e( E0 J* m+ X2 u 179. Alternative social institutions
' w5 I/ L5 } B/ J 180. Alternative communication system
4 t1 _* ^8 j2 `# T I8 b. K$ N5 \7 a9 l* O/ h
Economic Intervention, x1 |" ]- y" \! P1 ~& \) X
181. Reverse strike/ T( G) s+ a) ]0 s
182. Stay-in strike# e* c V& R& ]( {# H' ]0 s3 {
183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ t7 m! `$ A6 X# H9 I0 T 184. Defiance of blockades+ ?! W$ c" w4 D/ C( V
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 o! F3 y0 f& m; A+ @ 186. Preclusive purchasing/ }1 Y: {0 y, u8 q5 x% q) c, [. N: E( \
187. Seizure of assets
; i5 m- k6 R: p5 Z& Z8 F A T' \ 188. Dumping
J- C+ l; V+ n) p! ? 189. Selective patronage! L; D( m. O. q/ `. ^% x/ `# N, B
190. Alternative markets6 N% u# k6 ]* U' P! ?% B
191. Alternative transportation systems! K- ]( P& T- r. l
192. Alternative economic institutions
$ v# q7 D+ w( A+ j$ H( `: ~$ m* ?' K% ]3 K/ r+ [
Political Intervention
( Y4 }, S! l9 M+ W7 o! f 193. Overloading of administrative systems
# P6 M0 Q) S5 E2 Y2 ^( h' L 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 Q( c* w8 l# g, I: v3 C; F& y- \
195. Seeking imprisonment! ~4 y9 e n A- `$ n
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 k }' c6 A! [
197. Work-on without collaboration
( ~0 U/ H+ e9 v# {. g 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
4 D6 W' }: K+ Z1 Y9 ?2 J, j9 H2 E7 o1 ]; i
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
