 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 Y$ P1 f( I- E# U, A# `" c
Formal Statements
% M* _# z" H b) t1 c$ E 1. Public Speeches6 A' U3 ?2 @( A+ }5 X
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ R5 o: d3 E- h0 H4 D: b0 ^ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
+ f3 y1 G! I1 F' j! `, ^ 4. Signed public statements" H/ ] F, e* \; h8 X {' D5 `
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 C# U+ W4 N+ r 6. Group or mass petitions- N7 r- _! O1 v
9 W$ }- S: u9 `. bCommunications with a Wider Audience4 G4 \# K% u$ N3 i9 M8 X) ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 n- ~) R" m6 T/ _3 q
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, u6 K4 X9 x b3 i7 r0 y+ ?9 `) E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 M) [. z. \/ j1 A5 [1 |: V: [ 10. Newspapers and journals
* N, e, ~0 k$ ^ 11. Records, radio, and television
2 Z8 h" Z# a6 N! m- c9 ^/ W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 [+ O) d- g4 K0 d8 e
- z6 \7 w6 c8 m g0 {/ tGroup Representations
& F9 N( |+ x! z8 q6 b3 c- e e 13. Deputations
5 n4 a0 |% e5 x6 J* I 14. Mock awards
8 r- a0 P9 P% |% X/ r 15. Group lobbying
* a% t( T+ t' ^ 16. Picketing
0 H Q6 O8 O0 r: T/ n( Y& _) P4 ? 17. Mock elections/ Z+ z- k! X# [1 N5 J9 g' o' T, s! f
1 a# y! Z- W1 O4 n: d0 r5 S" \* oSymbolic Public Acts. C) h& i" U/ A) a& ~3 L
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( I9 y# M* d, r
19. Wearing of symbols
[2 F6 i/ ~/ ^3 r# S% Q1 ~; i 20. Prayer and worship
+ E8 I1 x; m9 J. ]: F7 u 21. Delivering symbolic objects7 a/ D6 T6 C# E
22. Protest disrobings
# j0 b' U' `) D 23. Destruction of own property
. y, g5 a/ a# _8 [ B6 b7 v 24. Symbolic lights
* h0 ^6 j8 J6 G _ 25. Displays of portraits9 X! ?; j. G, s1 ?9 e" v
26. Paint as protest, [9 V* }1 f2 u4 F' r
27. New signs and names
! e* b0 ?4 ?! }1 r6 {- q 28. Symbolic sounds* a' Y# Q: Y/ O6 O
29. Symbolic reclamations5 w* c6 ?% w# _4 E7 _) d3 h
30. Rude gestures& d( F; w4 J% T6 z" h$ `
" g1 F* a5 y, k2 W# O
Pressures on Individuals
$ d' k9 \/ C8 u1 I4 _' u0 n 31. “Haunting” officials+ z; d/ [* {4 A9 ~2 b
32. Taunting officials( Q: z, ^8 ~2 @: f N
33. Fraternization
\& Z) S; J7 `' r4 T ]$ g1 v2 O" h 34. Vigils
0 o' _9 r2 N% [- k* I+ B- d0 s( }, o6 a' l* f/ I9 p: H1 `) P
Drama and Music
8 I2 X; `- d c* t 35. Humorous skits and pranks
) z# w& m3 n# B0 H% k 36. Performances of plays and music% Z4 {' G4 F& C( U
37. Singing
3 I! j g. J( P) B: y) b4 o
+ b% G* Y- U3 I# |% hProcessions' X% [- `$ I) A! ~& l6 ^ a
38. Marches' i2 g3 R; H* a' g
39. Parades; r, ?3 N/ b' R S# c! i- |5 J
40. Religious processions
' I& [2 u; t* u- C7 B! L 41. Pilgrimages; ~+ `- i# U% Y; |& G
42. Motorcades6 |+ } N- e0 f% d! `
5 D- j4 b- _$ d- }1 X% V. a
Honoring the Dead
( U: N- z7 K0 s0 a9 N8 | 43. Political mourning
. l% Q. Q7 ~/ q/ K0 X6 F 44. Mock funerals
, r. b5 k" w5 r7 h; j; b" k 45. Demonstrative funerals
: f/ Y" b2 q5 E! |& R 46. Homage at burial places
( W# W* |0 `7 r; S2 u
$ y: w X) i& P+ p4 {% JPublic Assemblies5 ~* n6 F* a1 Q1 ]/ v9 Z% y
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 y' ?0 b3 n" u- s 48. Protest meetings
* u2 i0 {7 E8 [/ a. C" Y' I/ ?8 V 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% k7 s, X- w! Y/ f
50. Teach-ins) M2 v F+ S, l, I1 M9 e0 G
- j3 v$ K& U. N4 |( {& a
Withdrawal and Renunciation n$ ~$ p( g4 O1 P0 C
51. Walk-outs4 @) z+ A& n0 q+ g G& w K5 t: M
52. Silence
1 V1 e( K+ ~1 P0 q- W5 F7 z 53. Renouncing honors
- ?% v! v6 p5 I0 L; L# X 54. Turning one’s back& U. A" ~2 [" D( _. J3 y: _( i
+ T: h' S9 H2 _$ E. |9 T) J& b: F 5 y, f. e6 U. x+ z! M* w1 O- @4 V: M
( d9 f6 E1 p4 }$ T
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
1 j A% r4 a# Z' `
# P4 G! n& ?' d" [: m/ u" _" x / M x2 J- b6 [' ?" c+ ` Y
' e! k4 o: g) W
Ostracism of Persons4 f! r" C/ H9 O2 s* y; M! F1 [+ ?
55. Social boycott5 c# K* e* r J$ p3 d: R3 s: X4 Y. S' P
56. Selective social boycott% T! K( S) A+ H+ t" x
57. Lysistratic nonaction8 q( @$ `; c, E1 H0 B" o6 O3 ~
58. Excommunication
( u! m! d1 W6 a* ?7 z& ~ 59. Interdict
2 N4 j4 K y( `2 T/ g x4 F" i9 T2 z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 }# M/ s2 [% a* i5 S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ O" s; j: i' X
61. Boycott of social affairs
2 G( P, n, p/ Q1 D 62. Student strike
+ u! t5 P3 t# e3 B: _ 63. Social disobedience; A, F- P3 r6 s9 E. R" V7 z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions# j% P3 R8 x* B
5 N9 |' }% R7 Y: l8 _( R9 m
Withdrawal from the Social System
1 @ Y; }. P) ], j+ R6 y 65. Stay-at-home
$ m- }+ K) O$ G$ J, m 66. Total personal noncooperation( p! i. W8 H8 Q( I( q
67. “Flight” of workers/ v' t1 O2 l5 Y$ W X/ G
68. Sanctuary$ l5 @6 |1 g+ \, a' j
69. Collective disappearance
3 \( @( C) {& K- l7 k 70. Protest emigration (hijrat) |7 J' q, ]6 v; T1 _3 s0 D
0 {9 O0 B ]# g P; Y; J7 }& }& F' F' b0 T6 M
" |+ n% r B) a( bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 ^( t" g8 q2 m q
* Q* J; n0 y# j
# a3 X' u7 a9 S) ~: \/ k
Actions by Consumers; L) ~8 a- ^8 P8 H! j2 q$ T
71. Consumers’ boycott
% W$ [2 J# n+ x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods! i8 k9 V) }3 f8 v
73. Policy of austerity3 g5 i; X. |2 r5 O* }& K" f4 V( f
74. Rent withholding" @8 d- N8 f. S% e
75. Refusal to rent
% H D D& q% G. s0 T! `/ r: i 76. National consumers’ boycott
1 q! b2 u& W: g' @ 77. International consumers’ boycott1 w. `/ `6 t8 R% ?1 @, n7 [/ s1 [
Y; R: H1 ?" X( V0 G, H% m: ]
Action by Workers and Producers+ \( l" [' _ ~' @; c+ W5 f7 S: `1 {( j
78. Workmen’s boycott/ f7 n, ?$ [1 k# h
79. Producers’ boycott' j% H& z7 I9 `- O+ H" J
- i) B2 R5 l3 p% W
Action by Middlemen K3 r0 G1 d9 Y, I
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 G& U) [5 [; y+ X
9 p9 m; o+ n( pAction by Owners and Management
8 F5 B+ e/ l& ^( \ 81. Traders’ boycott
- n" g$ T$ U: n4 W) Z 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) A3 Y7 ~$ |4 D% z# v: f$ h 83. Lockout+ B7 d; }0 U0 j7 S- ~
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' M$ T4 n& B: e3 }- \4 d5 S* m+ d 85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 j* N9 H1 d- N- _1 _/ f) A. ]
8 G- n2 Z" P8 g5 S# Z+ f' }0 k
Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ M- }( c) `# i, \0 d
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 g' B) m) L) a" c
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 F/ T; J i [6 F6 z$ f6 l4 L 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 b3 L# @3 v2 G
89. Severance of funds and credit
7 j( Z2 H4 {* n; E& w% Z* Y 90. Revenue refusal
& |7 H6 F) {% I" J/ a# L$ K 91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 M: Z q. N% t( ?5 y" ?( W6 v
" t3 o; s! m1 W+ xAction by Governments
, A0 a# ^- n( i* n, l% s 92. Domestic embargo8 p( t) G1 \; s9 w8 y3 a3 {& n
93. Blacklisting of traders
* m) [) q! e1 M3 Y 94. International sellers’ embargo, `' @6 G0 J6 B. `1 |* U
95. International buyers’ embargo
& G |9 g/ z% j: I* P. j& e) D 96. International trade embargo) F: g! J3 M# D% w4 w2 l: ]5 e
( d. z% [* b' N4 X. t+ H( P2 w
7 U8 P. l* ~% s, o3 t4 K3 S
! y) B3 c! L' A- @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 Z2 J4 b* Z0 ^. t1 D' q. y
5 x, X. c" t6 L( p / {0 q6 y! M' r) [2 a5 c4 n S7 a6 u- }9 Q
Symbolic Strikes' t, |3 S4 Q$ N8 n) i9 i: E
97. Protest strike
$ v5 F5 f2 }9 C' f9 _' V$ Q. ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 ^ k2 c$ t" e
7 z0 r& f# c; \Agricultural Strikes; j/ K& y+ n2 _) g4 A
99. Peasant strike
2 J! P" o( B5 P0 R" Y 100. Farm Workers’ strike( v6 q% k, Z+ N7 q5 j. f$ a
) A, A( u9 s: g; Y) E, iStrikes by Special Groups
x$ B& T1 p$ C8 h 101. Refusal of impressed labor
' T1 i6 e7 ^) ` 102. Prisoners’ strike: v& E+ o) x# H
103. Craft strike
* D @3 V0 }% U! {: u ~6 s 104. Professional strike
- F& |) Y, O; o2 p8 d" @& l. V" V' \4 _
/ q% {2 p. Z2 Y# @" A; aOrdinary Industrial Strikes; `5 C6 ^+ ]; b o5 C0 C* C+ K+ g
105. Establishment strike
* x' ^, x% s( Y! Z& U) g' C 106. Industry strike! f' W: [2 j* [/ c, s* S2 O% [
107. Sympathetic strike4 F. R8 K$ @8 V' {& n
2 |$ G$ ]& o$ P& I( h4 S2 C# ~1 M C
Restricted Strikes& d a. N$ P: r. |$ U
108. Detailed strike; @4 S* O) y3 a6 d
109. Bumper strike
b4 @- J4 N6 L1 B, e 110. Slowdown strike1 h; z/ F) j+ y) C* q. @8 A
111. Working-to-rule strike' k6 `" m5 J, q! Z6 N
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 f2 ~+ z* \; M, f4 L' ~
113. Strike by resignation' P0 j" E! |& m, E4 _# G% n; f
114. Limited strike) U3 u% ?% }# a1 y0 q) q* L
115. Selective strike
, Z- m# X$ G: {$ ^2 C. g% f. A1 ]) m* J/ K* ]' c) _
Multi-Industry Strikes
- x: |4 ]5 L" v2 [
" z9 u5 `5 t, O 116. Generalized strike
- F9 w) g( {+ v; p8 n" v0 ]/ I
4 K3 H7 P) p6 t9 _ 117. General strike5 _. M! C: g- ^8 s
, [$ f# X/ ^0 u& t+ f; B# W. @4 Q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 |. z! v) \" {, k/ z% Y: k: g1 j3 v# q7 P4 z% o2 h! G
118. Hartal5 l0 h% P7 J" M) W `
4 M" H9 i1 U0 O# y2 j 119. Economic shutdown
" Z5 o, @# G8 H- p$ ]! U5 Y# ~( F6 e4 H
. B2 |# e% {5 a- [5 C. P$ L; ?# j" A
8 M8 |% y+ t# ]. R% B2 a7 QTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! \9 [* c/ N$ o' z3 r
0 u6 m7 y8 A0 x* Z' X; a+ f
- G3 `/ {! T# k: G
Rejection of Authority2 m0 T- c/ @& t- d& A
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 F$ F) X1 B/ y
121. Refusal of public support
) n; J% i1 B, h# n5 U 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! i4 S. \' j2 n" R, S9 P4 E, C$ I, n) S7 W1 _0 \6 F. [* |
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
! w2 d$ z! m. t# w6 K- n' j& N0 }- W3 U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 X. {% R. p3 M; ~" ?4 p5 n
124. Boycott of elections3 N0 |% T$ t: [0 `# T1 X
125. Boycott of government employment and positions" t+ `5 o- N) T D; y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( X' X! }# n7 D; H" E% }( I1 Z
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" v8 }8 w! z0 H+ E* }$ X 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" k% P9 v3 W4 @* J: L+ p% w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# a h8 z0 _- U8 i8 @& j 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) `& ~3 X% F" V& w Q$ |0 T
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' ^# F: o0 g; u# P, S 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- n& H2 T8 `3 C6 {* ^9 z/ S
3 X& G- j% E) T8 P6 |Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 Y" n% r9 Q6 j7 v+ H2 S 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ G4 i( }9 H0 F U/ A* u+ ] 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' S7 F) `! @3 H9 u/ f/ b! x
135. Popular nonobedience* `9 }- Z5 k- [
136. Disguised disobedience3 G$ F1 I9 {' h2 Q8 k) N
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: T* {+ h/ J) l1 L2 L' H' ] z# R9 N 138. Sitdown
2 s; h g* D0 q/ i# O7 D0 [ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% Q3 \3 A' z7 @' B) Y4 W D 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# d! e! x; a1 G2 d 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% I T5 e$ {1 g0 l- p$ Z Q
" e. o% A7 w7 CAction by Government Personnel
& E R5 V3 _+ X- c5 h+ F8 P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" a* ?( D0 r; S% I7 W4 S5 j* I! Q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 H+ \- S; |" N4 s
144. Stalling and obstruction
3 n5 @# X# v0 L: ~& g 145. General administrative noncooperation2 q: d. e1 Y4 k4 f- x8 H3 Z$ P. J* v
* B/ o/ z3 t- ?0 g: |. P 146. Judicial noncooperation
% K7 C( q; ~ |# K 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents T7 v. A$ `3 t/ ^7 [7 u
148. Mutiny
- T% O! g9 l( lDomestic Governmental Action& G% V t# d- ?0 D) t% k+ v" H5 T: J
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# G! {9 D; [, d6 [4 c 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ d& }8 V4 ]5 u7 B! `, n% ?
! g2 W) S; g2 @ X( G0 QInternational Governmental Action
1 [/ w1 Y K0 U" `, @; Q' y/ a 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) c" V. i7 H/ f 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; r2 M: f7 n9 C, S6 H% b/ C; n
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition w% k* C( L' g r
154. Severance of diplomatic relations# G! W4 o, i7 R8 r1 l
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% D# O/ b3 q! V: `/ Y1 G
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 V0 M5 U5 g) S* y 157. Expulsion from international organizations
- G7 W% G$ M8 Y1 o$ |6 D
' e9 R* a0 f6 l" ^) `8 A 0 n0 P( k( Y3 z
3 u/ d2 ~6 f) e1 p/ f, V _THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* @: C9 P' `0 d5 o7 j
* R+ t* J. x! ?. z8 E2 F
, D& v* o0 f4 g5 h% w4 J) a! YPsychological Intervention
8 S2 A! F2 [1 c& \. ^0 u 158. Self-exposure to the elements H5 w3 k9 d8 ~1 y- Q
159. The fast
3 B. T+ b: }. F- Q a) Fast of moral pressure) \$ D, ]2 I- Z: ~, f$ e
b) Hunger strike- x: ?( {* Z; N7 ~1 F3 [
c) Satyagrahic fast( A- x, H+ F8 J1 @
160. Reverse trial
/ D8 z; Z" F1 F ~. K 161. Nonviolent harassment
* K1 y# Q1 o4 H+ Y3 g! t( |$ l* ^( u8 [* [# i/ Y
Physical Intervention
d8 ?7 J& m/ b; { 162. Sit-in
4 {/ W; ], `- o8 G5 }1 o 163. Stand-in
3 a! h2 j' K, P) T6 y) w% v 164. Ride-in
}5 Q; X% K4 K/ g- T; v h( g 165. Wade-in [* d$ u8 r$ X& z' @6 x) h, l
166. Mill-in
+ E4 Q& A0 @- \% ]7 O 167. Pray-in/ L x& r: f( k* @. r1 X. P
168. Nonviolent raids
, j, L T( q" h8 T$ h. _1 ]; o+ [ 169. Nonviolent air raids
3 n7 a2 ~3 w" K! T 170. Nonviolent invasion5 Z" D9 L7 v% N* ]* k$ u( |8 K* i
171. Nonviolent interjection
: D& b$ }7 H) D* m 172. Nonviolent obstruction
% Q( y k! x. I6 o 173. Nonviolent occupation
6 f8 ~) `3 \8 [: D4 K+ Y* j c
% ]0 B6 N% C3 W- V8 B) sSocial Intervention7 D; c/ f8 p3 A: w4 X! H
174. Establishing new social patterns$ G, i2 _( W) E, S, A4 o5 ?
175. Overloading of facilities3 [# Z7 w: x, `0 Q& p
176. Stall-in, \, O% ?8 J8 k2 L6 Z' N" q
177. Speak-in3 g1 x, c# Z. D0 u# I0 Z) E$ Q
178. Guerrilla theater
4 o+ b& L8 Y2 F6 w ]! C9 V' Y 179. Alternative social institutions
1 _* ?1 [" Z R( v 180. Alternative communication system
* X2 s5 S- {# r; {1 r" a8 X) _9 |1 r# a* J# {
Economic Intervention
: J% j+ R- `7 i2 G 181. Reverse strike9 b. H! ?% Y9 n' i
182. Stay-in strike
- _% C4 `+ s* _7 x7 C6 J2 Q1 F 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ S3 m; ^2 U! x
184. Defiance of blockades
- {( Z9 M+ q, A0 F' O' L5 T1 ? 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting) D: f" O9 b2 E+ [1 G
186. Preclusive purchasing& m6 d& }& ]: R1 U; G; h/ D
187. Seizure of assets" P# v* c3 o" f
188. Dumping
^5 {7 `2 h, k: n1 B 189. Selective patronage* w% d: n" u" _# X
190. Alternative markets
' h0 k5 c& Y" D# f 191. Alternative transportation systems6 W! \" G* D( v7 _+ g
192. Alternative economic institutions3 x; l2 K( Y3 N- L: u
! [2 S9 {4 [0 ~8 \0 a2 y
Political Intervention; r j- [$ s4 Y% E$ H, `5 c
193. Overloading of administrative systems9 M g5 o! [' _: V6 }, I7 |6 u" ^
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) T) T, }' E5 ]& w" @ 195. Seeking imprisonment
" z5 s! F! g8 P; G$ ~ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' Z9 t9 |6 h3 W* S% [
197. Work-on without collaboration6 ]1 z# c+ T7 s1 W3 Z0 J- {9 z! e
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
% w- `6 A1 G" Q M! C y- `
P9 o$ F% u+ T" `% L4 g& l' | |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
