 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 [1 V4 R# E/ C2 y; M3 ] `. O2 c
Formal Statements
! V" ?8 W* {! j4 G3 [9 F& T, I 1. Public Speeches
7 H0 U# A$ _9 o% R/ T& t 2. Letters of opposition or support4 z$ l' f- Z# w* Z' M9 P# {0 L0 }7 |7 S
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 |. }( O- E! Y7 G. O2 }, v 4. Signed public statements
# Z9 |6 j0 ?* {7 i9 h& a 5. Declarations of indictment and intention- u* l. x# c5 }9 |: T
6. Group or mass petitions
4 t/ _1 {3 i7 ~; }# W% e# [' R
) M9 Y5 K2 H% eCommunications with a Wider Audience
: B, z" v8 W J0 r* b8 t; x0 k 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% B# \7 A$ t+ W; `! Z& N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, v2 z& U2 _8 g) c; b
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 ?7 z* ^% B o! ?* L 10. Newspapers and journals
/ a- z% M( d* _3 h9 g/ ?+ A) f) a5 { 11. Records, radio, and television
' u$ m. a L! m: X- R4 _. T( c 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. ?: \% m" W( K# o
" ^" W- R( l* h0 `/ V/ i3 M5 O
Group Representations
* I+ S9 s9 Q6 M 13. Deputations
. d* t2 x; K& ~6 r4 n7 N 14. Mock awards1 c |# W, E* o& I/ C& B
15. Group lobbying
$ W5 K6 |7 j4 t; s7 o 16. Picketing' _" c- ?3 w7 z3 H2 [
17. Mock elections5 O4 j7 x6 F6 \/ b- K
. f: Y7 @, g& k
Symbolic Public Acts
6 i# s* F+ d+ a* ^' B3 [6 a 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 m! F4 | P$ ~; F7 z/ r
19. Wearing of symbols# W u: s$ O& S6 [
20. Prayer and worship
! ^' E5 T7 y3 u% |2 S, x 21. Delivering symbolic objects4 c. I" A% M$ G
22. Protest disrobings
: |% d0 j0 g5 R q- ~# R 23. Destruction of own property; M& ~: u! b( e
24. Symbolic lights
( W, j% A1 a" Q 25. Displays of portraits
) e; P& Q/ W# D- i5 Q9 H" ? 26. Paint as protest
+ r/ U* }) c7 U% D3 i" r 27. New signs and names9 p! u4 P* y& }" A, Y6 j
28. Symbolic sounds
+ X- h! {2 D1 }; i 29. Symbolic reclamations; X* m. l, e% c8 L; G( x/ u# P
30. Rude gestures
5 \9 x2 s& L; H1 u, x" s& _5 e
8 D! F6 o! D- U( s7 z) V, e% `Pressures on Individuals) f, _1 \/ @5 r6 o
31. “Haunting” officials
$ O: f' S* s6 F 32. Taunting officials# T+ S1 }" u' b k' ^/ l+ z, P
33. Fraternization
. n: i2 s0 Y/ a A# F- l' Y 34. Vigils1 D+ d* w7 u6 O/ \" h
3 I+ ?( e$ V' W: W3 {' e) VDrama and Music
' ^0 F/ _' m+ \! x. x. e9 v8 b- g 35. Humorous skits and pranks: Y7 _. {0 [ [: S# v' M2 I/ ~
36. Performances of plays and music
+ g& \' ^4 ]+ [ \4 d7 ~ 37. Singing6 Y0 V$ p- ?- d: v' I e
5 v6 {/ M& M/ u" H$ B6 J+ n
Processions: {$ Z; }: ^+ ?4 v/ R
38. Marches+ a8 L/ l1 h+ }9 [7 [ i
39. Parades6 J7 t" x- c# r8 ?4 b. B% b4 w" v
40. Religious processions
1 T8 ^/ l+ z( `9 F* V4 b& I 41. Pilgrimages
& j8 g5 t. q- H4 g T7 X/ v 42. Motorcades
( A$ g7 Z4 s! u* ~/ ]* t8 v; E: G* J9 ^2 x) Q/ k8 P& {, u
Honoring the Dead1 m3 u! M) t6 Z; b
43. Political mourning
8 e" r" M. E) I, f2 ~. | 44. Mock funerals
& A) Y' ?+ ^- D! f- R 45. Demonstrative funerals
, n+ v8 D4 m& Z+ d( p$ D( ~ 46. Homage at burial places3 Q# o" ?& m) E2 w! A5 ?( C
2 ]5 `. \+ H, k' {. ~" u5 }Public Assemblies
2 c8 R+ W; x) a 47. Assemblies of protest or support# J0 g( a7 i3 d k
48. Protest meetings
! @4 F5 q" b9 m: \6 ~- s- a, a: o 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 n1 a2 ]+ b* F( f& A 50. Teach-ins
& v) d E6 o0 w8 \" k y& a: G5 b1 R; L4 h7 M+ E& e3 P
Withdrawal and Renunciation$ A& t" @* U; W
51. Walk-outs
' K) B3 p8 Y& C2 I 52. Silence
5 F$ k5 ]5 z' F; { 53. Renouncing honors
, d' v. d# D% z% I ? 54. Turning one’s back, I% [% ?- a5 I4 b3 o. K& k: H/ _9 ^
1 J" ~( S$ I8 f3 T, w & N7 h0 Y! |/ D
( T( L; h4 f) J. _
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION8 f0 ]4 e* }! ^& t4 s
1 a/ V/ f1 I1 y% {
8 K7 i0 c. o$ J0 V/ Z9 L3 }
# c- _/ Q: g4 ^2 Y; f1 v- NOstracism of Persons7 \( R0 e4 a+ `& A
55. Social boycott4 u7 q0 ?1 e4 k' j* }" X6 W2 h+ @: W
56. Selective social boycott# F; z" v- t, r( P3 Z
57. Lysistratic nonaction2 J$ h/ x* V: O( t l
58. Excommunication
9 \/ a* Y; g5 x- G- k) S) W" o 59. Interdict
5 e0 W5 Z9 p- r" Q, B2 @
+ P# @- T: [+ c/ C7 F$ TNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 p) ]: F9 r" X% a5 _* M 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ L/ R$ \. V* q* S 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 ?% y8 o( Q7 m6 S2 ] 62. Student strike
7 p' j7 y; o, K1 W9 [8 S) t3 I 63. Social disobedience9 {7 q3 k6 b2 R; @) h
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 O! B9 m% Q- ^; d& S2 U
) `; W; R- }1 w+ E' A" KWithdrawal from the Social System# I( T* `* ]- P- t! M1 a
65. Stay-at-home$ f: m% h+ Z' U D) W
66. Total personal noncooperation
* R4 Q5 X$ ]7 x6 a" z 67. “Flight” of workers% x/ u9 E) l9 E" q; Z9 M% C. k
68. Sanctuary
! I* r, C% l4 A4 R ~ 69. Collective disappearance* Z* ~$ b# ^" I/ M+ A' i
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 f( |4 @0 }/ J
# u+ u" ` x2 e. [ % Q/ J# R8 o6 O( Q- r4 C
* D9 b& {- @+ E8 VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; W, R3 a5 B9 W& Z _
. D& }7 Y9 U* @" C' ]& Q3 r! @ 6 p7 u7 m, Y: y- }
Actions by Consumers5 n* n/ y9 z1 y4 X9 E( ~7 p5 u
71. Consumers’ boycott, R: i4 G: ]" L5 Q, B7 K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 J( p: V3 U4 L/ l* Q D1 b 73. Policy of austerity
& q Z C. |7 d v 74. Rent withholding
4 k& q% v+ _- h, N7 z( ? 75. Refusal to rent/ O6 i1 r" ]! R0 n. l: P
76. National consumers’ boycott
) ?/ s. |+ G& j1 t 77. International consumers’ boycott
& ?$ n( j5 O) W3 {- r, u. L" ^7 d9 l/ K/ E, t4 M6 e9 J
Action by Workers and Producers7 h* Z' \) Q* X/ f @6 {
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 O- {! F3 Y0 u. w. ? 79. Producers’ boycott
6 s$ q/ \: s* Z% N
i1 J( R* { r ]Action by Middlemen$ s3 X; p) ^ Y$ h& G- u& }
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. }& e6 P% R+ m# h
# |0 G6 {2 H8 kAction by Owners and Management
& Z, i( N# J- B/ T9 o) e 81. Traders’ boycott
. L: T2 v. g, K 82. Refusal to let or sell property2 h# R# w2 {2 l9 J, a
83. Lockout
- x2 s9 Z+ g2 ?! I, L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! S* |0 [/ V& ^4 D5 B 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" `0 T: V+ L" |6 ?+ v" Y! i! z9 ^0 A) u$ q5 y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" F1 t8 R' U% v4 A0 u+ I4 I% H 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) @; @8 J' l3 Z* S- }8 o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ q( S m* K- J1 c
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 G8 V, ^+ P! Y
89. Severance of funds and credit
+ b9 ]% F" E7 p: o; P 90. Revenue refusal3 g' x8 B. u8 P' s# @8 h% N' B
91. Refusal of a government’s money
_. X- B" S+ N& q! Z" t1 N7 G' S
2 u% P0 U+ ~% m' l5 nAction by Governments0 H" [; r1 z9 l& W3 R- C7 T
92. Domestic embargo
4 Z! C$ e! Z1 J8 T( ` 93. Blacklisting of traders2 v0 e d# o/ S: k1 Z8 g8 l
94. International sellers’ embargo
- h8 }0 R2 b/ d" `% H1 L- p 95. International buyers’ embargo% ~- p2 r/ G' r
96. International trade embargo
- Z5 w' [1 N0 j* V5 J
, `/ S! \* U% U9 C0 F0 e 2 \ U1 I$ l9 c
T% u: h7 u1 ~8 {7 CTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 n1 d/ N/ S6 x' s) J5 }
! d {/ c8 m: ?8 \+ }7 |" b % U( e8 Y- |. }% N
Symbolic Strikes! M* ~6 q& S: U$ K: T
97. Protest strike
; Z4 }( W* w# O7 X' _ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# V& p- _3 C+ O M# Y4 \; K6 ~! ]% {, ~. |; ^% q' c. |9 _/ d: B
Agricultural Strikes2 a2 e) T) v' [. m x
99. Peasant strike5 \* h, L5 q4 z9 Q9 l3 q
100. Farm Workers’ strike" `6 h8 D/ _& Y+ \" ~6 W5 D
1 l1 O6 i: p$ g Z
Strikes by Special Groups& h" N( p! u0 T( c4 J, @) t
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ Z3 {% x( C2 [, ~/ K 102. Prisoners’ strike
/ J0 o3 W3 |, a 103. Craft strike1 H! {0 e M4 P6 ~2 J [' X8 L
104. Professional strike
7 v6 f; O: u, ~
$ e/ ^+ o' y! q- d8 d, kOrdinary Industrial Strikes; B) e! C; C- O V# d7 R+ ^ |# U! ^- d, W
105. Establishment strike; u9 I! y$ r# |8 i" V
106. Industry strike8 g- B& ]* I( ^7 l5 [6 E8 E3 w$ V
107. Sympathetic strike
5 U9 e# d, {. z; _2 B2 h: o" o H
g' g5 H* W+ }) F- B: ~9 XRestricted Strikes
, v% T8 c$ G9 n; w* w; ?* m 108. Detailed strike! A7 W: {( @$ A- k& h
109. Bumper strike
6 z) Z& k5 X. o z9 x( i: p 110. Slowdown strike* }1 ]; f4 C' l; X- v4 \0 C0 e
111. Working-to-rule strike- H/ R1 v7 A# Y4 `4 ?3 f
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 @ p% y% m2 Q0 R/ t) }, ] 113. Strike by resignation6 h6 e! f$ w" k1 E6 T4 y# l
114. Limited strike
5 o, C ]8 X! J$ \4 x& R8 N. t$ U4 G 115. Selective strike( v, b# p/ k, t* T i7 \6 W
6 ]+ B$ t* n0 ]/ Z+ J3 g. K
Multi-Industry Strikes B9 @: y9 @) B2 u/ X( W9 p; i
$ M- _9 g A z9 t% z 116. Generalized strike5 ], Z9 q K( T/ `" Q9 l
% m9 w* r4 y1 q# r+ e. S9 x 117. General strike
/ t( K9 ~& i9 @$ E7 L% e- r8 H$ g; u4 d
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures( h; n( y+ E9 m# G6 G( P
! M4 u, k- n: f% R, S+ z/ P/ O 118. Hartal$ Q) q5 Q) @5 ]4 Q7 ^1 m
( P9 i2 S+ v. V1 @* s
119. Economic shutdown2 N# |' r) B$ O2 u, B) Q% V- e
5 M7 ?" o, ~+ g 4 j, l/ j5 c/ X L! b( c
2 ^! ^1 V$ @) c- f9 d- WTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
) a' z! t f( [0 d$ k2 Y( ~( h- v9 R
, e* W' |/ U4 M6 d, ]; CRejection of Authority
% U* z5 E. U' N9 Y4 p 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 V/ u6 C% ^! u" Y6 G
121. Refusal of public support
8 c5 p% ?8 k4 k! N: c- U* Z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 C) J$ R% P B% e e n
! V" e: j# R+ V8 J0 ~3 Z& a2 g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ R2 R& u3 c2 t; p/ _8 _# K% U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies- S! E0 x. u* H7 W* K' U" }
124. Boycott of elections
' v* q) q7 i8 M& q( U# V$ @ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions) n" [. X0 S; k3 R; C$ e
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 q2 ?; I# a3 ~! G
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 y5 I1 L5 Y9 y, h r0 s" A
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
o U5 k8 P$ x 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, b" v8 n: O' z8 t$ X- n( E/ v! [0 C* Q 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: v0 N" ?" r! _. W 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 q' Z2 d. J2 ^6 Y3 ~ H
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
3 D- l, M1 u$ Z; @; a/ I, c- l* {5 o' H; @" t3 M1 z0 Q
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ }* N6 u6 @# u' _* X2 f 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' k8 L9 O3 m& d# l% k 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 }5 @; x3 c4 g/ k 135. Popular nonobedience
8 T }9 I, K# {5 ?8 _: V) s 136. Disguised disobedience3 Z! m' L! l6 E6 l, j7 Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% K' S! q6 q2 `3 {' p 138. Sitdown
6 c& m$ j+ k: b7 ?( C 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 k# l9 h. ~/ I0 ]1 j Q1 [
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- G/ @# A7 B# }9 d0 C8 ?0 F
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% Y% S, y2 u( w5 s
5 c5 q% q/ p* i6 F9 u: jAction by Government Personnel( S/ {/ a! L# H: F8 K3 B& o
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ L7 A9 s- C7 I+ T) ~
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 |+ {9 R& \+ O 144. Stalling and obstruction
( t# a3 h. Q. w6 d 145. General administrative noncooperation+ y" K3 \" k4 c1 t- L
" y6 S' m# G* n8 g# ~0 O- c+ u
146. Judicial noncooperation2 [2 u& ` ?9 J& d( [) ]" M
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 m* e5 Q& E3 J. r/ f# f* E. q 148. Mutiny" u$ d6 ]4 @- X( b3 [5 W
Domestic Governmental Action6 G: @: L$ J$ v
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- H$ {. y/ C; o \ b- f6 m N e 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
" \& R- z! g4 D9 @- z B! {/ y: l8 G$ W0 j, h
International Governmental Action
- c( c" ^5 y7 r+ F$ Z+ Q9 e/ C* i; M. l 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' M* n9 `' T: s& A' q! O( | 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; b& g: V" e8 B 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) ~' i; p3 J" a: u( J& g/ V0 w, }3 c 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' y* I7 C2 e9 \* G+ [8 Z' U5 D 155. Withdrawal from international organizations* j. C1 _% E/ t5 _ u5 V
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 C' `8 @) I% _0 ~9 d
157. Expulsion from international organizations I U. D9 U2 c. O
) `1 M4 T2 Y/ u8 V% O
' X5 |: R# O, g; Q" c- Z
$ Y* j+ h" M& C2 v/ a8 M/ q3 i. N
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
" o+ A ]* ]* o, W) L9 x5 ?% t+ x/ a; f5 i0 [
! O, {7 l6 \8 O7 lPsychological Intervention
( d4 g' ?+ ]8 |0 F8 M 158. Self-exposure to the elements# T9 f# p1 ~+ }3 \. ~/ W& z
159. The fast0 l0 F( F: b& N2 q9 A8 ~
a) Fast of moral pressure3 c/ o' u% D G6 w
b) Hunger strike
/ H* n; U+ |: q; l' P c) Satyagrahic fast$ x2 B$ H) p% O* D# r4 V
160. Reverse trial9 q' D/ s6 F' q# w' s# X! @9 C9 _
161. Nonviolent harassment3 I; A& `" Q% _; M2 G$ x# ]
4 G$ U/ p" Z! t. r! i6 q- f4 i6 BPhysical Intervention7 Q, X+ e4 O5 H8 @5 s/ C
162. Sit-in
' X G( V% n4 X' l4 D! [8 p* | 163. Stand-in
! k' |2 C0 B$ z- b 164. Ride-in, ?( y0 l X& H7 P" A% ?$ @! ~
165. Wade-in4 Y! L/ T& o2 ]: w" e
166. Mill-in
0 o* d5 _" `2 e/ S4 w6 K 167. Pray-in
9 Q! G0 z( ]3 B a 168. Nonviolent raids4 a: e! ]/ _0 b) j" F& F/ Z8 r, j
169. Nonviolent air raids
! R t* l, m s9 b: {0 w 170. Nonviolent invasion# _" f$ r4 R* k, L
171. Nonviolent interjection
' J" i1 S" D6 S* Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction% O6 _; z% V# R! m. \/ [
173. Nonviolent occupation7 g& F* }) Q: P6 }% X
- E z4 ?; C/ j9 {% @Social Intervention- q# |9 q; X [& w4 G" m: k; c
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 v; [# i% R/ Y7 O! X/ v 175. Overloading of facilities9 g- f( O, c; V* ^7 X$ |
176. Stall-in1 M$ D" Y# |9 i! e
177. Speak-in
n4 U+ R; n2 u7 i 178. Guerrilla theater3 H! `3 l/ C$ A* Y$ T$ q6 g, D% @
179. Alternative social institutions
7 e9 K4 {4 q3 \ 180. Alternative communication system
9 k2 D$ Y9 D0 B$ n; s3 \# l" E( `) q3 d1 a$ W5 z/ n e8 H
Economic Intervention% }7 I" D8 f" B. w& Y
181. Reverse strike
; }9 v; B- m* y4 @7 u 182. Stay-in strike8 J/ B5 b, `8 b* [/ X! u% b) a( s
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. T" b: }6 Y, ~; n3 _5 | 184. Defiance of blockades! L4 \) L9 E1 s4 s
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: D- z' ]6 J Y2 [. s 186. Preclusive purchasing
4 ]+ s1 C/ J; [) W3 w' h, X$ E5 F 187. Seizure of assets) w( u5 Y& J; w E6 p, a! I3 B9 n
188. Dumping
$ @4 A, e; p) x6 r. L 189. Selective patronage
; k" W0 C& t5 a5 L- l 190. Alternative markets' ?- M2 H$ V5 u; J' T0 C& R# A
191. Alternative transportation systems
/ d& w& b. w. |) ]0 \9 `! t 192. Alternative economic institutions
9 W0 c. W0 }0 s- n, J9 Q" j8 l r$ W2 d# N* E
Political Intervention# o$ y' w, n" d
193. Overloading of administrative systems8 j2 o+ ^5 d1 V1 U2 N2 k" ]
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
1 p" K- L! D7 O, \- n 195. Seeking imprisonment
8 J. o' P, j+ F8 X) x* | 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ j6 A; H, e! U7 a9 P
197. Work-on without collaboration5 {2 |) C7 P7 L9 g8 F! S& U% ^$ X
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* }) n$ G8 ^$ L/ z) k t% C" }1 v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
