 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 t+ X* d* b3 E* t, I# N
Formal Statements" l; k9 t1 S5 v ]4 X2 z' ^$ a
1. Public Speeches, y! a! {1 _9 }) O/ _
2. Letters of opposition or support
: Y% u( b' f" Q" ?" s- l 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 w4 F. ~4 d) ?6 e7 c- W( J7 P2 R
4. Signed public statements
6 h' h* q. g1 v' q b 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ S- p% {' M4 c8 } 6. Group or mass petitions; N- i+ z& l7 |* I$ B
( `9 s& n; ~) W! X
Communications with a Wider Audience' z9 Y' G& B5 G8 h: ~- d' \$ k
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 l6 ?$ j5 s7 _$ y- j2 f
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: @5 T, |% l! Z3 [5 Q( Y, [
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( R& f' s8 t: h* |
10. Newspapers and journals0 E' A/ Y" v" \3 J
11. Records, radio, and television8 c- ~$ u9 s5 p- x4 [$ f% m3 \
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ Z+ Y$ X$ ~ ?) c# o
# i2 {9 E' T9 [) M# M5 n
Group Representations5 f* ~& D+ \3 q2 h' y+ x# [8 Q" n
13. Deputations
! s# W, a( {6 Z& M+ G5 i 14. Mock awards
* D8 ]8 c, J$ h% W( \4 u1 X' | 15. Group lobbying, b' p. }. r* M8 Q/ L. G
16. Picketing* ^- v: r' k" e' X, D% s
17. Mock elections% _6 l' T4 o8 b+ n3 U9 |2 Z
: w' G8 g W8 |& p$ P4 g
Symbolic Public Acts
4 D( O% B0 M& e8 E 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; H, D3 i7 B/ A
19. Wearing of symbols8 B9 l# b! F; m" q
20. Prayer and worship
4 J- w% w. ]7 k( G! P9 Q0 _3 s% { 21. Delivering symbolic objects9 Z) p6 V; a# |2 i \6 Y
22. Protest disrobings0 _) n6 |& V' o
23. Destruction of own property/ c9 G/ L9 k4 P& X
24. Symbolic lights* ?( @( o$ _: I! s3 r
25. Displays of portraits, K# p9 {+ L/ @$ I e+ G1 O
26. Paint as protest
& F- W4 x4 _) O n 27. New signs and names* d6 t! n8 j6 g5 E* U- \( E
28. Symbolic sounds# M$ F, y: G* o
29. Symbolic reclamations1 A) Y9 @( U) _4 Y& j
30. Rude gestures
% b i4 f. P/ q9 L5 A0 V/ ~
9 I; P5 E' F. m' b0 g" j }Pressures on Individuals. Q4 z# q% a$ j' k
31. “Haunting” officials
9 N. z+ s# m: l1 T7 h. S# q 32. Taunting officials5 a, @* f& e: O2 J1 z) ]
33. Fraternization
8 B4 @8 {: I, ?% ?; n/ P 34. Vigils' D& t1 p: C5 z3 M* f
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Drama and Music5 {: F! {& t7 p6 J
35. Humorous skits and pranks
* p4 ]' V+ q' {! I$ y 36. Performances of plays and music
V q3 F) |% H# N 37. Singing
9 K2 X7 G8 U7 M- w3 w! b N/ ?; N( g% ?( U. Y
Processions+ C/ V1 j# A( N
38. Marches
a' D$ O/ {0 ]9 C% A: f$ [ 39. Parades/ f3 G- l! o" K; ?& \7 ^# K# |
40. Religious processions
/ z h; Y- J& [, O4 S 41. Pilgrimages
) ?$ H" c" L! L 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
; y) J; y% a3 c- C 43. Political mourning
: E: d+ e0 F( ~ 44. Mock funerals
! @7 s& G+ h+ L8 t" R" w9 y& l 45. Demonstrative funerals/ k+ H- j8 j; g2 {$ t
46. Homage at burial places: }- p$ ?2 F8 X* W+ Q; d) I7 z7 o' g
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Public Assemblies, M8 ^$ z" \9 f' o
47. Assemblies of protest or support! h5 ~, r9 x6 V- T" X+ V# a
48. Protest meetings7 f! B" q" i) Q* e/ D8 W
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- I t; i& x( m E. \ 50. Teach-ins+ S* e$ u ~4 [& y7 v# W! z
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 o# s9 K6 U2 S: `* ]% M 51. Walk-outs8 M3 z# ]2 s0 V3 y$ @8 S! p" z* P
52. Silence
4 W9 T2 L G' U, [# M# p. y 53. Renouncing honors& K [) C/ Z+ l1 V; p6 z
54. Turning one’s back& z1 u9 O" y& N1 L
+ K+ T" G6 Y' G5 r+ l
8 @! T, d0 g# q7 I5 ~/ x- M) X* c+ j4 D5 ] Z0 G# z
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 f1 Q8 i& d# S4 _4 u
; _$ S6 q* {# }3 c; V
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Ostracism of Persons* x& A. D6 M# ]. s; Y3 P
55. Social boycott# k. I& Y$ h a; O9 n. B
56. Selective social boycott0 k0 r @" _3 d
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 q2 D; F9 G6 F1 g
58. Excommunication
w# b" B5 B7 ?; _; Y' h 59. Interdict" Z. X# @- E/ h J
2 J9 X9 n% i2 ?: GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 ~$ f$ c5 U5 w! Z9 A: J
60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 { ?( M" B2 f& E5 ?
61. Boycott of social affairs, A. L$ h- k/ J
62. Student strike( ?' m3 B9 b* d% @9 F' G ~: N$ V" f$ p
63. Social disobedience
7 n/ ?$ Y! n1 @+ J 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* x. h3 r' m" L0 g
+ U9 _9 ^ [6 g: w0 e" aWithdrawal from the Social System, {9 y+ _- D9 K7 Z" S5 ?- ~) Q* g
65. Stay-at-home6 U8 x+ }3 a* e* p
66. Total personal noncooperation
) B9 M* v$ J6 J& [" l% i 67. “Flight” of workers& m! w) d8 l2 g
68. Sanctuary* U/ Y- C1 E C. b
69. Collective disappearance
( H: \1 ?1 }& D! d! n 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- n. _9 L' X6 W& K/ E9 Y
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9 x H. Z+ d. ?, z* I4 F, w4 r8 I$ O. N1 G. d/ N$ I
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 I8 i6 \1 `/ ]) [- |, }
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2 A& M- T- c# Z' M% k& N! TActions by Consumers
1 ~0 F2 [2 C. B/ I! v 71. Consumers’ boycott
8 o8 q# z v7 q0 I 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ F' k0 s4 {% `' E+ m' `7 y( o 73. Policy of austerity, j5 A4 v' \. M6 t8 L
74. Rent withholding
6 X9 W* |; S, g I' d 75. Refusal to rent7 e- K: u" h# F( H) l2 @
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 s- T) q1 \$ D% f& X6 k 77. International consumers’ boycott
% x; ?9 Q4 G/ S8 C! o* r# b1 A ^) V# I* `% \
Action by Workers and Producers
# j3 U" X5 A: I" p+ A* {6 g 78. Workmen’s boycott
1 W8 u/ [* [$ f& ?; p 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen, s4 T8 X* f% S4 K' n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management# y; s" R& ~1 n
81. Traders’ boycott- P6 T! j3 N C4 {8 V! W
82. Refusal to let or sell property# [6 n! K' Y" v
83. Lockout* f, e; z5 O c
84. Refusal of industrial assistance Z/ V; A* O6 F$ O
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
X; Z' z' z5 k6 o7 g% ]7 T) m, E9 b, f
Action by Holders of Financial Resources( C7 f; Q8 d) B! p; ^3 l1 C7 A; P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 U% L& b5 ]; k8 r9 t# T* f8 I0 Z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" [* M! Y& i6 F1 @1 Z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( Y: Y+ B1 K; b3 O 89. Severance of funds and credit/ A* z& n/ Y, W/ [4 N
90. Revenue refusal
) N3 J; f! T/ r% Q8 b 91. Refusal of a government’s money s/ s& |5 s4 ?( r: |
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Action by Governments3 c2 m* j! O# D. w
92. Domestic embargo0 i4 A$ ~$ l, i; f) A
93. Blacklisting of traders
' c- p0 O+ {8 [( \ 94. International sellers’ embargo7 \, b" P% S% l4 O
95. International buyers’ embargo
& t/ L: B9 x: ?( m/ f6 f' B/ B 96. International trade embargo+ L# ^- R: C' y! ?0 B4 _
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) s! n1 A% C7 [! \1 \+ w
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Symbolic Strikes
6 k3 f0 I' m, m' I8 O 97. Protest strike
) `5 l0 N0 M& J; G 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& n2 D- e t! G5 `
* l6 b; A8 K# I( M
Agricultural Strikes
: {" i) r0 R" C 99. Peasant strike8 r$ \0 b/ M3 w- i0 o8 y5 O
100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 e5 ^1 A* h' B, k. X8 A2 k, i* @' g; Z3 A0 }
Strikes by Special Groups5 E5 G9 Z( _9 G; ?
101. Refusal of impressed labor/ K7 \; U! y0 k) z% W+ [
102. Prisoners’ strike! d7 c3 p0 C: V+ f$ B
103. Craft strike# B1 y0 Y% o0 ~3 m
104. Professional strike
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% a) F/ b, q9 ?8 u; b: ]Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' c2 f9 i5 ?+ U4 L 105. Establishment strike* O# t. J* l" `* c( t2 _. M: o
106. Industry strike4 A% I: f: M' t$ W6 W
107. Sympathetic strike
2 |+ W0 [7 ?0 Q$ |2 q6 ]7 S* J4 a: X0 ^2 O
Restricted Strikes
4 F: n0 ?0 x. r/ ^) D, n 108. Detailed strike7 p4 ~6 r* A+ j9 L; A
109. Bumper strike
( S @% H+ A1 [ 110. Slowdown strike. ]0 J7 D1 v7 [% M
111. Working-to-rule strike
0 [- s/ b- f9 H, w 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 y3 f( v* ]" u2 G. z5 v3 H0 M 113. Strike by resignation
9 d1 M3 e9 w* D: F; I. K 114. Limited strike' e' t7 b) a1 t* ?+ {
115. Selective strike) s2 q; j- a: |% S0 M& }5 g
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Multi-Industry Strikes
6 |( F4 |9 B% A0 b# x: y6 F1 F6 _: s! }* n9 z5 D5 u
116. Generalized strike6 p" P: {* J' U1 |
7 I. [0 q U* S. n% R# C. F) V4 e9 B) ^ 117. General strike, O1 P% ]4 |4 B5 P
2 J$ Q" c7 }8 D% ^9 h% B" _Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures Y. c! `6 }) q) c
# s6 }, ]$ H- [$ M( U
118. Hartal- F, f! a" @8 K: V3 d6 V$ p
9 h' U5 A4 @ o% e! G+ E4 P
119. Economic shutdown. V9 o3 z2 k" Q7 Q: v
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4 _' u& i6 T9 [5 b- b6 dTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 V! H4 U3 w% Q" Q9 ?" h
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Rejection of Authority
# w4 u' k! E \# e" n8 ] 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ t! f+ _2 q9 w# G' C1 h 121. Refusal of public support
- m t3 {: D" N- O/ U3 D7 n+ D6 l 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 ?- y3 ^/ U( U) [7 W' W
5 _% E0 f& |. d; `4 A5 d% Z' fCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: K0 [8 C t6 ?& U; P9 z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 _3 |7 _5 B+ p" ]$ A+ I# s* E) u 124. Boycott of elections4 b) v* _! W0 `1 Q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- E! t& f- I+ l 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
! K+ x8 A i( J 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# e, z1 a' }* q! c- K8 o 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 g" J* I; m& j# {5 }6 v: u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 e9 j. L' ?; v( L/ N
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ h9 w+ Q3 }8 s/ G! x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* w# V+ }+ w0 P+ P
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! m6 b% W& C: y' Y# o: O+ m: x
7 Z% v+ Q$ z0 d b: t! o
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* g; R- H) F, v% H G- R* F7 ? 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 u" G* X4 ~% s& D 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 s. s" Z+ E. j3 [: b. r
135. Popular nonobedience
/ Q7 j9 y$ ^, P( X4 p" h 136. Disguised disobedience
; @' Q! V( R% `5 ~8 m0 l 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. l$ f0 {* F" |% a6 k+ G 138. Sitdown) m7 ~* j/ b# k* E# K
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ L1 p' P, Z- w+ K
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* q9 D3 _3 Y" p$ C2 C
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ X, c' _2 v5 q! u( d3 R& h/ Z6 ^6 S; x2 @* {8 A# _# A8 G5 m p
Action by Government Personnel1 h9 s- I7 `. [+ M: s) j5 S; R
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* B( [, W2 H0 j. q% }4 L: { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% z* P# v4 r/ H
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 l, Q) g7 g# v! Y9 S$ I4 N4 K" B. p 145. General administrative noncooperation5 `+ j/ }' R' D7 W& Z" @, n
0 S2 e: ?: G1 j( \3 [$ o 146. Judicial noncooperation
) v, R* G2 l/ Z% |% u 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ Z# n! f, G" s
148. Mutiny3 Z- h* }: }3 }. b; ?
Domestic Governmental Action- V& O3 r% C! N1 I2 ~* B6 S3 j8 g
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 k; Y/ R4 |* E, m7 c4 o8 q' T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 g& ]/ b( u, ^1 D4 @/ }, s7 i9 w, u7 a7 N3 e! l: L7 t
International Governmental Action* a" i5 T) l, Y) q# a, P
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' B4 a( q! u G, Y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 x& J5 [2 w; t# p) x9 n; S 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: w1 c! C: R2 k6 L, i* }$ X4 y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& V; l8 t \; X4 P) b4 z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations( j J# G2 _2 w/ e9 M
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 i3 J6 K+ M J2 O8 y4 U/ _, I$ d 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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# [2 x7 g S* ~) S. u" U' \, VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 ]+ M, |+ l. y7 D
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Psychological Intervention& b6 C( Z" p3 B2 \2 U: Y
158. Self-exposure to the elements) _1 v- u# x# {: A) V7 Q: h9 c3 q
159. The fast% s: d/ Z: o- L! M" x
a) Fast of moral pressure9 y" W7 t( p' Q6 T& S& [0 g4 |
b) Hunger strike& h! B3 [: }/ I# x
c) Satyagrahic fast
8 b) T2 r8 B) }3 |: } 160. Reverse trial1 s, r6 i( |2 ?" P% e
161. Nonviolent harassment
8 L2 P2 e3 t- N) k m# }% W
' w* ?- Y. Z5 v( r# O1 gPhysical Intervention
. Z# d% v* T7 }5 a) [ 162. Sit-in( B% B0 v; ?. n2 o7 O8 X/ e
163. Stand-in
0 D6 s$ m3 S# B6 F1 w6 A# i# s 164. Ride-in: M& [' C4 u3 f: h: o
165. Wade-in- r( ~3 P% H: O4 T+ |' N
166. Mill-in6 S) Q. F t8 s2 ]' `
167. Pray-in
6 M: n2 j' `& ~ Y" p$ { 168. Nonviolent raids. C& A a* K, l2 |% v, ?
169. Nonviolent air raids
/ z8 c6 u! R$ B8 U 170. Nonviolent invasion
3 o, E! \- A v' e8 R; Q( R 171. Nonviolent interjection/ J! H3 V- [0 J2 M0 |. M" N1 [$ v
172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 A4 A* S5 [; P5 ], A 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
' X& d' ^" A0 i7 p 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 G/ Y- |+ L) `# Z$ z 175. Overloading of facilities
* p9 ]2 B& M& y% x% y 176. Stall-in
; B* h4 v6 w' J4 u 177. Speak-in5 W8 O5 v+ m& R) c6 L/ s& v
178. Guerrilla theater
) m% c% ?( u8 T, @+ D 179. Alternative social institutions
$ s5 g7 y! u# v 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention, Y1 K' ]- `2 M7 S9 |' u# `8 L
181. Reverse strike( d7 E K7 E, B% l$ W
182. Stay-in strike
0 ?8 X6 i9 q5 v6 s2 N 183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 Z' K0 J5 i; D0 ^- k9 Q 184. Defiance of blockades; a$ d$ o3 Z8 b
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
+ x# ~1 L2 R- ?! F5 C: H 186. Preclusive purchasing
8 [9 X. \. i/ J 187. Seizure of assets0 c) C% h0 M* i* P# R! ?( u
188. Dumping& ` e* q' [$ u' O0 ^$ P5 `# x+ D
189. Selective patronage# p9 ~4 ^3 ?7 h( w- p
190. Alternative markets
# [& w% {& f8 @: m. \* |, Q9 b& ` 191. Alternative transportation systems8 o; F' A' w9 @$ Q, D
192. Alternative economic institutions
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1 `& r- I' `3 o# c8 D1 |6 ^3 cPolitical Intervention+ P% z% h6 j0 M& a
193. Overloading of administrative systems% y8 y: H4 l3 f
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ X r1 d" ~2 u. H9 {5 g 195. Seeking imprisonment% N7 p9 W5 ]. }9 e+ |
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 f8 p' R( E, B! U! o5 _6 M
197. Work-on without collaboration
( T( s# A% X2 @( V. i: A/ k; [ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
