 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 K' W* P: N8 O
Formal Statements* u) U; q* F( V& f; m/ L% ?2 ]
1. Public Speeches% k0 P5 H6 I( n, |3 Z: h; i, q
2. Letters of opposition or support
; N! N1 p0 ]- D' ^* x/ a5 g9 t 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
d) y# Y$ h* N3 v: \, c: i 4. Signed public statements% I. j+ R, a+ X0 _* D
5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 v' f. L9 V# T0 b# H: S! r
6. Group or mass petitions
5 y$ x, w6 A: s; l
1 t8 S% f0 D* G: L3 {Communications with a Wider Audience- D3 @& g4 Q8 B. i1 y8 c
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 J% h) c1 ^& k6 {' H8 K: m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& w8 O4 c& T! T3 j
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 U! B* O1 w0 x 10. Newspapers and journals
# k g. e5 }0 z* ^( d6 m 11. Records, radio, and television \, t5 }6 ~2 u
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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$ c) K5 s5 N. CGroup Representations
( @$ j* w! U7 @* b, w 13. Deputations- j, j* q s+ u5 l H' T- J
14. Mock awards+ k( g6 ?" r) ^2 q r. e, i
15. Group lobbying
" ?+ @, M, s6 {0 f& ` 16. Picketing
; F7 P7 y Z' U' y 17. Mock elections
- H* c' h# _4 Z8 f3 ?( [3 ]# @: i* @! B, @: \" q8 q+ D W j
Symbolic Public Acts% z& N* A8 z4 p9 Y) S3 h6 M1 L
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; r8 q7 h/ }9 f
19. Wearing of symbols7 T# h& R- ^1 ]( U
20. Prayer and worship
n( n/ q v2 L* b1 T; A6 c 21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ y* n9 `9 f" U! p* ]' v0 ^) | 22. Protest disrobings; d7 y- Y( z* n' r. }% a5 Q
23. Destruction of own property
" j0 l" F4 }5 a8 k- o0 F; A 24. Symbolic lights
, t% m" L6 z3 c+ M% p 25. Displays of portraits
% C. { y; d$ x! b3 ? 26. Paint as protest
7 i% A0 K6 `1 V) B/ ]$ Y$ o, U 27. New signs and names6 a$ b* E5 L0 P+ g# g) P
28. Symbolic sounds
; K7 W4 P2 e# O 29. Symbolic reclamations
. M( m( A+ A- G 30. Rude gestures8 @: |* l8 B) _+ \% Z4 W* J
" U2 C. h+ U& a# lPressures on Individuals) o, x8 V( S3 o- y
31. “Haunting” officials* ^8 k8 `, O) N. R0 o
32. Taunting officials; z& K. Z, `/ C# b1 R" ?
33. Fraternization# u6 r1 T6 _3 Y" v
34. Vigils
& d- q2 P6 ~2 }, I+ L& f9 j/ X
" W& q( j, L9 t' uDrama and Music
/ p8 i8 x" c5 |( S5 y( u0 e7 Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks' f. r, q g$ w6 n5 `* ]
36. Performances of plays and music
% s( L# J7 i" p# e' R1 C 37. Singing, K5 X7 c) W% D. R
. Y7 h5 G. w, P( _2 k
Processions
+ [6 B" G9 I& l1 k# o6 E& y8 C- [ 38. Marches
/ j% V# H. d1 ] t- o ~/ F 39. Parades9 h9 A. i& c! t6 X: Y' o' l
40. Religious processions
- _/ ]8 n' G r# ?# w( {: k 41. Pilgrimages
; g% _7 y9 ?! [' w6 D 42. Motorcades! Y% t2 N8 _) _( q% D' C
8 B8 Y9 C2 U& H/ M, z. [( HHonoring the Dead* D' G5 h* `9 ?* R
43. Political mourning9 i, R6 F( g. t& d# Y
44. Mock funerals+ I2 x7 h5 c; p9 {
45. Demonstrative funerals
1 g. R, |% f2 k' C2 w* p9 g 46. Homage at burial places/ |1 O0 K' x* d* z! L
: [3 l$ g) v8 KPublic Assemblies. }; t7 a! _- a5 \. Y9 }
47. Assemblies of protest or support- _0 c, @" h3 \9 p
48. Protest meetings
8 T! O7 M3 l* S3 n; e8 `9 [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest: J/ t7 d+ ^$ t5 ]$ t: M
50. Teach-ins8 U7 c) Y8 T; r- K: Z5 l
' L) r0 i3 w. C! p1 U. U% l" D
Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 k: e7 s+ c6 l# U6 }' `* `3 I 51. Walk-outs
5 v) I& R d6 N# q 52. Silence& X# k. I8 m3 p7 Y0 O. w! V: r; h
53. Renouncing honors
( p$ X) {& _& S. z6 a& w 54. Turning one’s back
9 F- ^! }/ L$ \& l6 H! z5 i7 Z
% j" |' h6 o& R2 t C9 j+ d
8 D1 ~' N' J/ l1 x) p+ K. z h9 C2 V% ~6 J
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 K5 f: G7 Z9 `# q. d( i7 |) i! u
: _% Z9 U6 T& n* X: V% K: v& GOstracism of Persons" y% s; i, ?2 \/ G* z- o( P6 R
55. Social boycott
! ~% w6 R N. z& y2 G- h, Z 56. Selective social boycott
( R; N, f' t$ f4 c0 U3 |9 m 57. Lysistratic nonaction) \+ p( k- E9 a7 m$ k6 \
58. Excommunication
5 @$ A- T$ B/ r4 N+ X 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. ~& u' O4 d5 W' @
60. Suspension of social and sports activities' @% N2 E0 C) q1 N# p. y% v
61. Boycott of social affairs. J0 n- X, q d# A+ s3 @
62. Student strike
& y% B% z% k% _ 63. Social disobedience
$ E# o- g A9 j1 L R1 N. S( a% [ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 d$ v$ L, |0 J* t3 H4 P9 E( v5 H
9 b+ c T. r2 e: h, s6 j6 |Withdrawal from the Social System
/ j6 S$ p) K! b! t5 n 65. Stay-at-home
4 ]; M1 l+ _- k5 r2 m/ n8 C 66. Total personal noncooperation8 ?$ Q% _( ?0 I
67. “Flight” of workers
1 E; m- T" _: l+ y4 y 68. Sanctuary
+ a& @: n# Q4 F& t$ \) e, K 69. Collective disappearance2 [# n5 I9 A6 I" ^ r6 a
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ _8 C. g( @1 [
4 f* Q: [) X) u0 R# U7 k2 u3 F 7 P4 [% p5 H* J6 H3 C" f' Q/ H
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS, a1 l1 y& w; e" x
! X7 F' ~5 g1 W" o- F: P
5 X2 p1 |5 O# Q( k4 L$ K8 DActions by Consumers
8 ^9 s+ s5 M. }" Y- \ 71. Consumers’ boycott
% E2 M X; @( N: d2 f 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, I3 p/ W! I" Q$ o: e6 `, T, u
73. Policy of austerity
% J0 g6 R: U) b% _ 74. Rent withholding) o: r0 i0 j' M' k+ u0 X! h+ P
75. Refusal to rent3 w) x5 V2 `& w4 Y; m, D
76. National consumers’ boycott% v( h r O" V
77. International consumers’ boycott
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& ~4 O$ P, ~) W5 Q; |/ pAction by Workers and Producers7 Y1 W: J& f- k6 ^ q
78. Workmen’s boycott
) I+ m0 c: z8 W# }' { 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen
8 Q) C# D1 w/ A$ R H 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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$ f9 e& e' v* P8 MAction by Owners and Management7 D8 f& p- ?; v$ m( F4 v
81. Traders’ boycott8 X' j8 f5 ?! T" s0 I5 `) h8 I
82. Refusal to let or sell property
, x5 h7 }0 v1 g/ V2 @3 e 83. Lockout
: m n' t! C. |+ M3 } r 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 x: q) L' {; A1 r( P6 I. O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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" A* A) c& @$ h% @3 ~Action by Holders of Financial Resources& Z6 C1 Z$ t( ^) Z+ g: M; U
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 P! `, l0 A% [1 E3 Q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ q2 ]( V. u; k4 o1 N4 \
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" W3 z2 S! V3 v' c. Z2 E* c. \
89. Severance of funds and credit& H# C1 P: ~0 Q a5 p7 S! I
90. Revenue refusal
- R4 ^6 i" }. p& K0 N' r 91. Refusal of a government’s money" g- U( r& @9 ^9 h- _
- f2 C# {, R: l9 `0 [$ RAction by Governments
2 e4 d8 v8 L/ t9 @6 ^" @6 h8 N) U 92. Domestic embargo
T) i1 d; V- j6 K 93. Blacklisting of traders |4 p, W: Y B9 N8 C
94. International sellers’ embargo* m' k! ?7 J9 g; u2 b4 v
95. International buyers’ embargo
7 T' ]" \( \# F# D {0 `" q 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& x8 I: O( Y/ N! i9 |
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Symbolic Strikes
! L0 K, T+ a [: y 97. Protest strike
* N* k& i. e% X2 N0 t4 H 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# K. t. I- I# b3 R. _" R
- t6 ~! p: \4 N, U/ G! A3 b
Agricultural Strikes: C& l/ c: O+ z* g. {: L
99. Peasant strike/ U' e* w( h1 x' V$ l$ y
100. Farm Workers’ strike" p7 x7 A: C9 ~- I: x# f& V
# i' ?3 q: P# X8 h
Strikes by Special Groups
% Y; o& {# Q' I: O. x' o: r4 `' T 101. Refusal of impressed labor# N- ~1 B3 s9 H# ^: ~
102. Prisoners’ strike* g# y. O, T) Q! z: M5 e& P. V4 J
103. Craft strike
4 J) W4 [0 |1 w7 ~ 104. Professional strike
8 F$ w# K3 ?6 R" Q K0 {% h# N- G2 ~2 ^3 C2 i- @. t' w
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 f3 D: u) G$ _, S& x
105. Establishment strike* A; g. d7 e% Q( ]
106. Industry strike6 B- c; b) B# S: `
107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes
* O$ E/ q& w- y j4 w: r* g2 G 108. Detailed strike6 U" @" b7 ^) B0 d
109. Bumper strike* _9 `9 N, G( P% g! v
110. Slowdown strike
2 p7 h, i$ D5 d5 i 111. Working-to-rule strike2 G9 P( q- F1 v) {1 [; _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" n$ h1 u. E* R: U* U9 N' X. r 113. Strike by resignation( w/ z. i! ] X y2 R- }+ V
114. Limited strike
4 z% @8 l2 A" t, I0 h 115. Selective strike
% e: O$ F( @- K- g4 N# A/ M( U& P7 J# ]6 c. z+ u
Multi-Industry Strikes3 L: b7 z) D- S% ]- Q. F
% B$ C6 b+ l5 `0 F6 ^$ c 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike. M0 }( N# E& M$ O& X
1 q8 d1 k3 \0 x3 C$ F( M) M9 N7 jCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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k% N' K$ `! i 119. Economic shutdown4 j4 Q$ g9 n! d+ y G! E) v
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( m9 J2 |) c4 G8 K9 x
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Rejection of Authority& g$ r# I( d; Q' r8 ]( e6 p
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; E+ b8 k. w! L 121. Refusal of public support
1 p- w3 ?/ C2 G3 @ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 l3 I% }4 D9 Y5 N2 @. }$ T8 [# h4 A8 e
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# {4 Y& J1 B6 @7 w, ?2 |: S2 i 124. Boycott of elections
+ @+ l2 w6 p7 S: a% y 125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ U5 p1 G# z4 l( P7 @$ R A
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 S/ p% Z. d1 E3 r) x% Q
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# B" S4 Q9 c6 T1 L1 W7 Q' t 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 `) x( |4 d, h: m3 V& I 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- ~1 M# G) n! c! @1 j. X( d
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 K/ d6 \5 E4 L3 A, B3 V 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& a7 D) m- Z' C; [6 J+ W 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 N( p( u. g0 `. q% }
4 `% k# H9 q" D; h. |3 L' ]Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 t) d+ {- J- d$ l& t i
133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ ?. c/ G3 ]7 W! ?+ U4 h8 ^% c
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 ?+ X. \7 o: C3 ?1 G. l
135. Popular nonobedience2 [- n6 F' S( @: U
136. Disguised disobedience* a+ m4 v, r; i9 B I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! @$ H$ {8 I: }$ s4 \, w
138. Sitdown3 D5 Q, K+ P: Z2 d, l
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: R4 o r; A+ |$ v
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 ^- G% v' k' y" A( g 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 q" O7 B' B6 ~- I6 e
8 k. j7 \$ z7 ]: r ?Action by Government Personnel& S/ o3 P9 Q: p# @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' R: S* y3 L* E 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 m. r0 t u8 l& r 144. Stalling and obstruction
6 l1 m. W v* u y# L3 M 145. General administrative noncooperation
1 i4 v# O+ J9 Y* V: Z/ ` i
. U& \* F* \9 G ], {2 g. V+ ~ 146. Judicial noncooperation5 d8 Z0 g7 F5 ? j' P6 t6 X
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" k! x8 b7 m) j9 \5 v+ P6 L5 H 148. Mutiny
/ P! G, M5 i# T$ D, r2 LDomestic Governmental Action
/ p; l, z! Q+ D% a9 N7 R) _ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays o0 U7 Y E1 K- u5 a6 c; t* j0 |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 s `6 W, G* u! ]# m: O6 J7 R2 m
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International Governmental Action+ {) W" T4 ]& o) b$ ]
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, D b5 ?' p' g; K3 C; @0 Q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' [5 P9 K+ q0 k1 `. W4 @; }3 e3 @ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 j# x5 w4 R+ ^' n/ |
154. Severance of diplomatic relations, s1 V8 L1 {9 ?8 m0 x6 S- S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 X) Z9 c: ?% f0 ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" w5 S: q8 L* G' ~& P; A3 n 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; _) d# e. ^) X h$ A9 f# `" t
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9 s! K# x- g# b! w8 ?Psychological Intervention# `& N' J8 O9 c6 V: J) P
158. Self-exposure to the elements
; ]7 | E9 l+ t3 U9 C4 | 159. The fast
6 @, _6 |$ ^1 b2 k- y a) Fast of moral pressure
4 w9 ~' h& |9 d7 s b) Hunger strike* W# L' P/ ]8 S1 P1 c
c) Satyagrahic fast
# Z( I0 y: r& F' m3 P# X8 C. B 160. Reverse trial+ V4 e4 l! M% o4 b2 R
161. Nonviolent harassment
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' i: [5 v9 ^8 j0 h0 N. }Physical Intervention# S0 i* T: o/ z o3 g3 j
162. Sit-in) z. j6 k" Q2 N# Q; V+ y
163. Stand-in1 S" F0 C7 @$ b0 F2 o
164. Ride-in
! j4 o( g9 k0 O8 P 165. Wade-in
# g$ r' y4 O2 [& T 166. Mill-in; U, P$ M( X! W6 w: o
167. Pray-in
( V. V. H5 O. L" w 168. Nonviolent raids
* D5 z) t% v6 f6 i 169. Nonviolent air raids5 `( Q7 i& k0 R3 M/ m( T% |
170. Nonviolent invasion
! V3 A$ D& M9 k& k" e 171. Nonviolent interjection9 }) a' `- R6 \, z3 h5 [8 P
172. Nonviolent obstruction/ @( d$ E; ]4 ?- N0 g+ T
173. Nonviolent occupation p6 `( Q3 w' W. c1 I1 D
7 p' r* C u. wSocial Intervention
+ W5 c( F+ _ ^$ v8 F- x0 j/ k 174. Establishing new social patterns
( r# P$ ]" D$ N) j# _) O 175. Overloading of facilities
) s: ]1 J4 \8 w 176. Stall-in
+ \- G8 ~) ~* ^" P a 177. Speak-in# R$ m9 O9 r5 t/ X; K
178. Guerrilla theater% ]$ r/ M$ i% ]) Q4 |7 A1 b
179. Alternative social institutions! w' F, B& `7 Q' G! S2 O
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
7 I4 f- d: r/ a# O3 R' i4 ]& ~ 181. Reverse strike
( r- K, }% O* M# G, b$ J 182. Stay-in strike
6 R% e. E4 c, W7 x 183. Nonviolent land seizure" @ H- t0 ?4 r
184. Defiance of blockades8 \" o- E# }6 g# v3 k" U
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' g: c, m6 S3 y s$ i/ f6 b
186. Preclusive purchasing7 \$ z6 ]$ [4 l; y* E. v& ^
187. Seizure of assets
* V: p6 F' R( {7 N3 ] 188. Dumping! Z1 s: \0 ?0 A7 a) G( _
189. Selective patronage
" r+ P6 d4 H' H3 \4 x& l- x 190. Alternative markets
6 j+ z. J9 J3 s u 191. Alternative transportation systems6 B( ^; R. M) u% k# y) L0 A/ l$ d
192. Alternative economic institutions( m- x+ Z. Q0 ]9 _
8 p3 P" M; }8 U* ^0 nPolitical Intervention2 R4 _ A# B" R& T: k; P7 a
193. Overloading of administrative systems
! @- M `7 B% N0 L; G: q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 I& R! o4 ~( _( S
195. Seeking imprisonment
/ D/ ~2 V- l9 ?: E# ] |$ T 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ c8 X! i, ^5 t 197. Work-on without collaboration
0 @7 D% E _7 Q- D+ Y3 B+ U( y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
