 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( G1 e# X( _2 {4 c
Formal Statements6 `4 J8 y# l: A2 R
1. Public Speeches
3 ^0 ~# W( B1 H3 ]! E* X 2. Letters of opposition or support' T' B6 z& l) }3 ~
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 h8 J7 Z. N: T# i: @' R 4. Signed public statements
3 M- g3 R6 u- n, L' D8 y) x4 } 5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 `% [, _# ]& S/ U& d% d# [
6. Group or mass petitions
/ o& n, e! }+ m, F
N: i9 C+ a. Q3 kCommunications with a Wider Audience' _' f* ~7 A3 z1 @2 d4 i: Z
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 [; S* u: C+ d# o
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 v5 J ~" G7 B) r' x
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* m' |$ [0 u6 V5 x ~, S 10. Newspapers and journals' C# p% r: a9 |1 w- r7 i: |1 ]) s
11. Records, radio, and television
5 [+ i/ I3 o8 o) j3 H 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 J" f7 h | j. l
0 M- }' G8 `$ @5 MGroup Representations
+ n, v" d1 u7 [# W. N. { 13. Deputations
$ X+ Y. |, j6 u! M/ J9 d6 I 14. Mock awards6 t/ e# T i' x. J! g( [0 ^
15. Group lobbying; e; K( j2 V Y: C& g
16. Picketing
, r" ^7 I0 x h, U 17. Mock elections
! v) b2 r+ \. U5 K- l1 t6 T! M6 c, w& R
Symbolic Public Acts3 S8 g8 u! T a4 Q8 S: I6 `/ T7 o
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors m1 Q: \2 X: ~* v2 f; }
19. Wearing of symbols
9 ]4 I3 `( l1 ^5 j4 M( w( X 20. Prayer and worship; Y4 b/ l7 E' a7 W( u5 M, F% c! T
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 l. E# |& x+ u, t0 D+ R/ p& n
22. Protest disrobings# B: {* B w. J9 X1 W7 z
23. Destruction of own property- w) m1 W' U: S/ h* R5 i' l% g9 O2 k
24. Symbolic lights
8 x" ]! {3 Q, j: P% N8 W 25. Displays of portraits
, l3 h! s% Y0 ] 26. Paint as protest$ F% L3 Q! B7 s/ B5 q& t
27. New signs and names
$ V( V) \9 o, J; T" { 28. Symbolic sounds8 b. O- ~% B6 Y2 V: s
29. Symbolic reclamations
9 u. V4 v% Z' Z8 c! B/ S 30. Rude gestures; r' {1 @8 n3 V, G6 X. @0 H, \
6 R+ e- b; j& g9 o; ~Pressures on Individuals- A# V9 c7 k6 g* a3 b5 V# G
31. “Haunting” officials
b7 M `. S/ z" z 32. Taunting officials
: e. |* X) b/ U. Z% r5 M 33. Fraternization
2 b( [0 t: }% W5 I 34. Vigils$ K; g4 N# K8 |9 @% [8 {# d0 n, n# n
) I1 ^' q+ c5 A, y5 V; qDrama and Music
$ B& T, X; I, f: p2 a 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ m4 {9 ] O' M5 e2 P& `1 z
36. Performances of plays and music$ f9 q3 s6 E0 `5 N/ @3 N# k3 R, G
37. Singing
$ u$ |. o) [0 {3 ^8 G
: m' q* i& r2 eProcessions
. K$ H2 C: T' P 38. Marches
( A7 P" ?1 o/ c3 j) y h& r 39. Parades
- O+ i- w6 y. K) v" e/ J( M, ~" t 40. Religious processions6 W4 b" R( W8 u$ }8 \2 v
41. Pilgrimages9 \$ p( d1 n- M7 E9 b! J D
42. Motorcades) z+ d2 G4 p* X" d2 f
! ^/ U. v" o4 j4 Z9 c( A+ Z( l) W
Honoring the Dead
) j+ F4 A/ a# A) e9 P' U6 p& t 43. Political mourning8 \3 x# \ c8 }) U- M
44. Mock funerals |. L' i# h/ C/ {+ M/ i
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ z: t7 a% Q# S6 t3 _, M9 L/ M 46. Homage at burial places
+ k" o+ z5 z0 |5 f! M. w1 a* l$ _, U
Public Assemblies% W# t( X+ x0 \3 B
47. Assemblies of protest or support$ A1 D: M1 u' L$ z b
48. Protest meetings
" k" E i- J0 b9 L) c; N 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ [1 U1 Y. Q+ y& K- w4 _8 }. @2 \1 Q 50. Teach-ins
* W. i; z" J4 s# B3 C; h
6 t" w9 Q- D2 e3 }Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 n3 z! t7 z, s2 T& `! e 51. Walk-outs% k' V3 o, u9 G: K" e
52. Silence
: |* _$ V0 H- \ 53. Renouncing honors: w0 P9 c; C' {- d5 S
54. Turning one’s back
# U' X; E3 J2 q3 l5 A `- `+ A# |; B
, f$ U8 I5 f1 {, T' F
2 z* c- S( [( o6 A2 B
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
; p8 O$ B: T4 m# |0 P% S; v
; Y$ y5 j* e( w$ N 1 n j$ S4 Z4 H
8 b0 \" \) H- J8 uOstracism of Persons
" h+ K: J" H5 C m) o& r; s$ | 55. Social boycott' V. @7 }, K9 A7 ~
56. Selective social boycott* |# i3 F. g/ x, j
57. Lysistratic nonaction$ n |! }% G4 }/ [9 U$ G6 m3 }/ M3 D: p
58. Excommunication$ |3 D. {( h+ u# @- f- g
59. Interdict
: L d: ~+ Y( n& ]3 T" @ ~: r/ G/ B+ W2 F6 d
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! F* M7 F) `+ k. J; @ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities( d( m8 b3 d% F( N& b# ?1 m8 t
61. Boycott of social affairs
4 M% l+ Y, G% d 62. Student strike
% g* m, v3 o E' z+ ^! R; x 63. Social disobedience0 t$ Y4 C) c! r- }
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 `; y3 r8 q" L' N! A& G3 I# u0 c) i' |4 r2 ~6 H
Withdrawal from the Social System9 F( r) Z; O" j: p" y4 ?; \' I
65. Stay-at-home& I0 W4 c8 v. u7 P5 ^8 ?* D y4 w* o
66. Total personal noncooperation6 w X9 K' h+ w2 n8 @
67. “Flight” of workers9 K1 `6 @! t6 D
68. Sanctuary) Q- t# j F- s
69. Collective disappearance8 r9 H5 ], ^; o j C, p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ D% o6 C" S" G* W
; n$ K6 U7 P; [$ I, K- q/ k) C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ h8 r) }3 S4 f
7 i s. P+ m3 A# C , D2 g3 u2 x8 k9 @- T5 a5 s
Actions by Consumers- `0 R* h5 p9 W0 @' Q# M) K3 n4 j
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 H9 | |% w8 S3 U- K 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 y. C9 V: H# t! I: [
73. Policy of austerity
" Y1 s2 d( ]! z, x& Z, J7 N. b 74. Rent withholding
b8 T4 Y- P) H" m/ s. Q 75. Refusal to rent
! T/ |6 ^: {2 f: ]8 C' d 76. National consumers’ boycott
* o, \7 r; Z1 Q6 }3 v 77. International consumers’ boycott
+ A+ k' D0 m) m+ E1 j6 e" }6 G, A2 X* y q) [# Z5 b
Action by Workers and Producers
! A, W( O! N; D4 n* U6 C' J7 e 78. Workmen’s boycott- g6 D" a) C4 e
79. Producers’ boycott
) d- b) Y1 `4 D7 ~ F% K$ ?, @! P) w; _; z- R$ l4 V
Action by Middlemen; @; u# _% X+ G8 k+ }) A4 [' C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( z$ i4 S3 R( [; h6 H& N" e3 h
% P$ P. p9 Z3 u, PAction by Owners and Management
0 A/ q1 {" m' t 81. Traders’ boycott
" w/ e9 X6 I6 r; [# m 82. Refusal to let or sell property( L( a5 h( u4 f/ n
83. Lockout( L* |+ Y6 W7 v; P7 Z( V
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ m4 F2 a1 ~9 Y. T" o) O+ ? 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: S; A3 r8 h M3 k3 d. l# b9 \2 X$ ]6 N! d2 L3 p% `
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
8 d5 n: c! y0 |- | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* Q% Z8 ~. T* o5 D 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ ~# N; e, Q0 |8 Q. M0 ^" O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( U5 k: G2 w: G& l7 |$ f. G' t" H' o
89. Severance of funds and credit
* G/ h, F; L$ t. x 90. Revenue refusal
$ c! I0 @* _0 ?2 n+ y8 `, Q ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money
# f+ b( N: {1 Q$ j" |- O& r; K/ ~1 Y
Action by Governments
1 H X4 R+ A1 r4 z 92. Domestic embargo% n' }* h" `5 F2 U h6 _
93. Blacklisting of traders
) p0 H, |3 |; A 94. International sellers’ embargo. t9 p a( x* b( F5 h* f
95. International buyers’ embargo" k. A1 c3 j* b( M: v
96. International trade embargo3 O! p" Y0 z! Y# _- G3 [. w
2 g- [2 o/ o; ^9 P/ ` , [- z+ l! x2 D1 T2 X6 Z$ a
7 F/ a t! q x) p' M/ ~
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! m- g% d8 {/ V1 K; W4 Z
' k5 ~- N4 P1 \+ h
- p2 Z4 y0 W4 ISymbolic Strikes
+ P: w0 N( p# x6 C' k 97. Protest strike
! [% ?4 n( q/ O/ i" ~8 u 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 Y; h2 M# T& S2 @+ ~. G( @" e! ?
. {8 b+ k r b" o4 p7 r
Agricultural Strikes
$ H _: R7 K; Y$ ?" | 99. Peasant strike; S- o/ L1 G0 `$ k: ?
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ k* f/ v0 t8 G' \' B6 Z6 n7 p9 T8 @7 ?7 @! L0 e
Strikes by Special Groups
9 q# @- V2 T% e) X- W 101. Refusal of impressed labor
; q: Z4 l- \2 T) b2 w, c 102. Prisoners’ strike9 v a# S( U; s# y% A5 A
103. Craft strike
2 {" r( {2 N! R, |& b, J* L% l 104. Professional strike
1 d2 d. D5 w' d! F5 ^3 \8 I2 G- s. ]7 g
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 N; I; K6 j. p$ e" P% g a 105. Establishment strike
5 ~; w2 J$ X) ^9 q2 n0 v 106. Industry strike: h( O& L, U1 a9 T5 U; l2 a- \
107. Sympathetic strike/ p5 I n& w/ x7 i
) W. C/ ] f* R W* G
Restricted Strikes, S# ? u$ A6 {3 ^7 C5 F
108. Detailed strike3 M; M$ Y% l/ ]) p2 u x
109. Bumper strike
' A9 B5 ~% g4 P' N 110. Slowdown strike5 O4 }' m5 y5 z! S1 t& M# t: J) a
111. Working-to-rule strike* ^; b5 i* w' S$ P* \* b
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 A7 ~: j4 S4 A0 O 113. Strike by resignation# ?* W8 C. [3 L* D3 l7 `2 T% j
114. Limited strike7 D/ F) j K6 ?1 m- F
115. Selective strike- a# z5 b/ Q! S0 K
/ b, a, |2 Y6 _& o1 K+ P' g* ZMulti-Industry Strikes
* o- o' ]" Q( n! n c o+ N+ A Z. q) f0 ]* s h
116. Generalized strike. Q- |% }1 d, H; J2 \
) X& R" Q$ i ^9 m
117. General strike
9 |( w. q7 b) A5 H- i$ F, F& Z" `& h* I
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 f% ]7 L+ U3 H/ P% N- K" N) t6 ~% J4 |, m4 @; e% [, E! f9 O. L
118. Hartal
3 a" \! [ C& e! E% m2 ?/ W, b; `# Q
119. Economic shutdown& K+ { L( S( C- v q5 y e
+ y) ?3 r, Q4 C: d$ g
" r1 V1 x% d: o- f! j) f2 @# u6 O; s/ g+ N
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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' m, D# T B+ m# ]# d( n
Rejection of Authority( ]8 C& i% D4 Q8 `0 m* J
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 x, D, |2 q4 U9 s5 a; [8 H& Q0 o
121. Refusal of public support! _9 Y$ D- ^, b$ t
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ X( c* ~ H( K7 v
2 r% ^2 h6 s* P& RCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government) f9 D$ E$ `# e# U% }
123. Boycott of legislative bodies) _) v" V i4 g; ~9 H# ~9 p- ]
124. Boycott of elections
% B, l& N5 j; _) x2 y3 {! p" P1 {$ B 125. Boycott of government employment and positions; D" x+ `; \: P+ K$ Q9 I8 ^# E$ ?/ d
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 l1 L) N( T3 W2 A9 M) C6 o
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 I, B# B9 ^) w7 V3 R; K
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
( l6 [3 M" L3 @+ @( j 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- @4 z+ Z1 F! P6 K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 J. X. Z l6 a
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 g% E+ w! Q7 H/ M1 J
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* @/ W( R }: Z4 N
8 `7 E3 k7 `' y6 z7 z {* x/ u
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& R; _- D) Q9 `5 D2 w- ` 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 m7 P' Q. H3 x: x( L/ i7 p6 P 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% j$ F# p+ r& @! C7 D a. R 135. Popular nonobedience
8 d1 T) ]+ R" }" t' t1 i' N 136. Disguised disobedience8 l; K9 l+ o8 D& |# n: m
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 W, Y4 N: N( | ^ 138. Sitdown
; }: u# @- y" a( L! q! c: V$ K 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 t2 I" P m7 a
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& `; f: u+ Z/ b! y) p3 R
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 |0 [+ Z; a! C1 A3 I* r4 ]& B
/ q& N% J _ N, N! P
Action by Government Personnel
+ H! p' N# s/ V& k! s5 j2 P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 {$ M4 { o5 d [0 l, {
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) I6 Q% l6 g" \3 Z9 A( V 144. Stalling and obstruction& Z! L3 ~- S7 E Y& X) B" b w8 O
145. General administrative noncooperation
# e6 b; k ?! I7 B7 T" Z$ d. i, ]: i9 U+ S
146. Judicial noncooperation
- w% R3 [( u* Z6 L0 u S* f5 f7 @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 U3 N/ W U* }; i 148. Mutiny
* ^/ ^; \" L7 @1 E0 R; m) TDomestic Governmental Action
, d9 P% c1 C3 k6 L+ ]- E' F4 j% v 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 Y+ j( S4 K) q% ~5 p 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# h5 B6 ^8 E1 w2 v2 l# V
6 `4 {' m' Y- C0 S6 OInternational Governmental Action. G1 T& D0 P- H; a* h$ Q3 \
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 R& ?( {- o( _9 K- l2 @5 n& I
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 P- U- Q& o9 `1 t, d# I! ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# t$ f* c* g5 R0 |) V! x
154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 K6 x" s) p6 P( e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 ?. o! \, [- [$ {9 Q* K# d 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ r3 S+ c9 J" k8 v 157. Expulsion from international organizations* G2 a# ?8 z0 _ u: x' G$ B
2 F' X! C7 K. R" }) w- ` 0 U; g4 r( f5 k4 p( v: O
, F/ d; F% W4 K: Z; m8 |: ATHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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2 T1 L6 t) Y/ p# S2 j; h
. `* k7 G' u5 J4 {* LPsychological Intervention
% d, D9 Y |: ]5 x 158. Self-exposure to the elements5 r' w. {% C$ L+ j- Q5 D
159. The fast0 X4 R: f3 l+ A& u3 T( o
a) Fast of moral pressure
, a! S0 z. ^4 c) i9 p* Q b) Hunger strike
0 G0 R& T) i3 ]% R c) Satyagrahic fast( C/ A) P7 d: v
160. Reverse trial
$ ]' i; e2 o4 H% i# R$ L 161. Nonviolent harassment# h' [( m0 I3 n4 t5 G5 h$ H
% c. O9 h4 @( Z+ y. F+ I) VPhysical Intervention1 p: e8 C \! W2 P# }% K' U9 S- D
162. Sit-in
* j4 K; O' o5 w% b! z 163. Stand-in# u# e2 h f% s: M9 o+ Q
164. Ride-in P; F5 z9 D5 m( z
165. Wade-in
; F$ x; X& ^9 [* F: ?( P3 r 166. Mill-in
) P: V9 p4 H g3 R 167. Pray-in
V* u; j. D- u6 R 168. Nonviolent raids
2 Z" b* E6 w3 d3 \/ W 169. Nonviolent air raids
. ]. b% }; d& h 170. Nonviolent invasion
: k/ ^4 G* F6 k, M6 W# D$ B s2 N 171. Nonviolent interjection! N, o$ D' |/ Y5 Y6 T$ [' E- w- @
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, [8 A8 d. m' f) p, H) t 173. Nonviolent occupation
: E4 W) S5 q$ m1 w5 \+ h" x
$ Q W6 H4 A: c9 j' ?& W- }9 LSocial Intervention4 P! z0 L! Z1 N: n3 `: a3 S
174. Establishing new social patterns
- O+ B! A, \3 n 175. Overloading of facilities
5 X( p9 q4 E: x 176. Stall-in
7 t2 Q; x, W2 X! `$ A" M) v 177. Speak-in
, Y4 q4 u9 D2 t) h' h 178. Guerrilla theater1 x! j4 g* f" }. w
179. Alternative social institutions- E7 m, r& I7 a0 D
180. Alternative communication system
: `: F- P3 X* n! h8 k5 q' e3 s6 r/ g1 P/ w/ v* j
Economic Intervention
) \' z! t& c" q! g 181. Reverse strike. v1 m& W2 O% i: d8 ~" q5 r3 ^
182. Stay-in strike1 D$ _0 A8 @* G5 P z1 p% j
183. Nonviolent land seizure
" H) v! f) {/ l: K( v4 q 184. Defiance of blockades( E) e) n8 t! S7 F* T! I$ S
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 p3 q7 z( K; ?7 `( I' ~/ x 186. Preclusive purchasing8 ^. M; w8 i, L2 u" x$ G0 F
187. Seizure of assets
; t9 F8 z4 ]- G6 ^% M8 G8 Z 188. Dumping
9 w v# U( R8 D( C0 Z 189. Selective patronage
- m3 M9 f1 M" J0 h 190. Alternative markets
" A4 f `4 _ ^ 191. Alternative transportation systems: t& i2 p: r k4 L8 i- }" k* S
192. Alternative economic institutions1 ?% c% ?4 _. A1 K) h) ?0 F
6 U7 o! k$ ?& y# ^) Y
Political Intervention
% D+ q) D) V* @' n, c4 }6 d 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! |* S! C. S8 _6 g 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* G* B- P" ]( K$ q. t/ E5 P
195. Seeking imprisonment9 ]6 o8 r5 W( x( A" @
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ f/ b1 V( g' a! u- e/ k0 E+ H
197. Work-on without collaboration
' ^! a. }5 A9 ]) r- _ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ @$ w3 u& U8 M7 H& L$ t0 L# Q
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
