 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& [; \2 {, p/ W6 M7 I! ~) T( s& H0 Y0 NFormal Statements) u4 S# G) n- D1 s4 Z# c1 A
1. Public Speeches
d7 D8 Y1 a3 t1 x2 } 2. Letters of opposition or support
3 u1 X5 P7 c( R3 u 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- s! P( g+ Q+ ^9 ?: p
4. Signed public statements* n& [8 V/ v7 w% w
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 K0 _1 {$ `7 i) f. H* k 6. Group or mass petitions
( Q7 H2 ^5 U V. |6 c6 b/ z# }. ^: O1 r# L1 _
Communications with a Wider Audience
) p" y% h/ \ u2 L! O 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- ]+ m# q' M' }* [4 b) v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& X j( c# J j3 c4 { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# A, F4 c% u7 l, U9 w
10. Newspapers and journals
k; p+ |* N6 r) }" r/ c; y' ~! G 11. Records, radio, and television& a. ~6 Q3 z: f+ y0 K
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 {4 J$ @' d' g& Z6 Q9 E5 R( W' ?) p8 B
Group Representations
/ f4 O2 p5 ?4 N$ K# E4 |( [ 13. Deputations* g1 ^, B; ^; h
14. Mock awards3 l3 q% \0 `! t: d' L2 }! R
15. Group lobbying0 z: F: ^7 N: V+ j% B$ f
16. Picketing$ l9 e; L! s' |; k( ^
17. Mock elections
: s6 q& z8 {& D3 Z) d+ N6 w
; G) z; [0 P4 Z! |Symbolic Public Acts
9 c% ~: B, ]" n2 w& _3 U% v3 l; v( k8 ~; @. ? 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 K6 {; c8 m$ U- A' }
19. Wearing of symbols
- W+ F) C ?2 V 20. Prayer and worship
/ A7 K5 ^( e# H- D- Z! \0 w2 r 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 A# y5 i7 H3 S# S3 t$ N 22. Protest disrobings% I7 o! C1 ]! I7 S% m
23. Destruction of own property
. \/ v, S. t9 V/ _9 p8 J: T& } 24. Symbolic lights
( C7 _) H1 e+ P @; f) y/ {) ] 25. Displays of portraits2 E$ h0 M; `! B% G- v9 P( W! j
26. Paint as protest; q3 C! P1 T4 m" S$ G* G. I
27. New signs and names
' X) K F" {8 ^" E% H+ h 28. Symbolic sounds
+ ~6 r. `" i7 u 29. Symbolic reclamations
- {0 ^8 ~& i8 @- B 30. Rude gestures
) U, Q+ n. I3 _$ ^/ O) `9 `1 C5 O
Pressures on Individuals
8 `* v$ S- q' {5 ]( y3 O$ F+ X& l 31. “Haunting” officials4 F5 @$ S# C' w. Q+ | l
32. Taunting officials
2 h- w! O0 m5 q6 @1 B 33. Fraternization
, |$ l) G# }# d 34. Vigils6 e/ U5 c1 `4 Q' U0 Y: u
, U' F9 o: L2 r" w: j; L
Drama and Music
1 Q( X. Q5 L& @" { 35. Humorous skits and pranks# s! L* p" F4 Q
36. Performances of plays and music& G0 _& ]/ J6 f' x( y4 h% o) ]5 L
37. Singing0 W1 e1 v- R7 o" b8 N
' {4 H! o- k' D" h% @+ C7 p5 [$ NProcessions) J% D3 ]0 D9 y# q z4 d: y5 L
38. Marches
' l/ A3 m8 M* j5 \" P 39. Parades
/ ~9 q1 x# W0 k( z% g3 i 40. Religious processions
; z3 t/ Y" C1 }7 l' F+ X 41. Pilgrimages
5 D2 t8 s! u4 B/ `7 D* u 42. Motorcades
2 \+ _- \5 i( t" H$ H! O6 s! w) G; N/ ]& a! \5 ^- Q J0 b9 ^- D7 m! V
Honoring the Dead% _. C- S+ C! y5 U
43. Political mourning! Z( ^8 ?: a* ^- C# b# [
44. Mock funerals, g7 Q/ N% ~4 f2 x6 P0 q: i4 _
45. Demonstrative funerals% w9 L- S9 k8 I: P* S* R" m. w! R
46. Homage at burial places
c0 l$ m/ Y/ N) n2 e8 c7 `; R1 h# ~/ u( r0 l
Public Assemblies
+ t/ o' f, K, E* o3 X/ E 47. Assemblies of protest or support) ^* ]. c0 I* W E1 ^+ A" j
48. Protest meetings2 M8 }# u: K- r' Z. S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 M! G: f8 W8 U% O& M
50. Teach-ins8 J& v8 Q$ ], N: ?! _; R2 {
7 d8 _* f* f8 N' ]3 \
Withdrawal and Renunciation
5 L% h4 T+ A% O 51. Walk-outs
5 O5 n9 P& s* m: b- F- ~ 52. Silence
" g' [0 g b1 p1 q. U- ^$ j! `( j 53. Renouncing honors
r b. D9 C# c: @& @ 54. Turning one’s back7 Q, p8 s3 b) j3 Y! b/ N% j
( Y% e% d1 t' H ' ~8 Z [6 m9 a6 \$ n L
$ r3 r; M$ R4 T* m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 c6 _' ~; ]) l
g3 u; ^ }& O5 q3 bOstracism of Persons# i9 e( _- r: b+ n2 w7 F5 q
55. Social boycott
* Z4 F- j% D) |2 y5 @0 p' J 56. Selective social boycott Q; U% p' H8 u# D3 `
57. Lysistratic nonaction @: B/ L: s+ w8 R% r3 k
58. Excommunication3 l2 K- Y+ h; I
59. Interdict
% p* h% Y/ D) j1 u+ o& B4 [" [8 L; |. e/ v4 v7 }! J
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions* \- @" W) B% v+ n$ Y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 h/ O! z5 H8 T1 U2 L
61. Boycott of social affairs) }% U: c. [" m% w9 n: \
62. Student strike2 d4 L" T: Y4 w/ M
63. Social disobedience9 n, @; N( B$ Y5 t$ }' B
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; _0 H5 a, }! h$ u2 s' k# h3 N) Q7 _* w9 |: W1 \* C+ s+ B0 k
Withdrawal from the Social System
* U9 ]0 r) r( n* d" V 65. Stay-at-home& l8 Y; y& H8 o# f# U* Y* L% c& V
66. Total personal noncooperation
" e1 {* |7 G5 T 67. “Flight” of workers) g+ K. @4 C5 Q% a- j3 B3 w) y) u W
68. Sanctuary
% @; P1 r& I. N1 i& C. ` 69. Collective disappearance
& k, I1 s* ]9 u1 U 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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+ ?: e g1 f6 D- Q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
! l9 o7 @/ f/ }) Q; R
6 E1 F( R' Y* T% C1 p- c
& W: o# _3 |& \2 \/ |' RActions by Consumers7 |4 I7 g6 ?" b
71. Consumers’ boycott( t" }2 N+ e3 w# h5 P3 A# E
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 o: W+ j# S) p5 \+ F* y* J 73. Policy of austerity
% Q, @6 X* x! s/ j 74. Rent withholding7 Z$ y- v( i1 a8 G" \& t
75. Refusal to rent
: j- h# W1 g3 Q' e, c$ p, Y) [ 76. National consumers’ boycott4 {1 @* y, d7 A& a$ E1 I
77. International consumers’ boycott
! q1 Y- Q3 w! }$ Y4 W" N1 R! e x) ^
Action by Workers and Producers
3 N) ^. X) Q" n$ y6 e/ F 78. Workmen’s boycott
! h4 ~9 \, |4 Q, ^: B2 }7 r' X 79. Producers’ boycott
: \ `% I C7 {) o5 r( z! R$ W8 A6 `( b9 x) y( k8 N1 Z
Action by Middlemen
) Q5 k4 ~6 g) Y9 f! T 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( d j4 g# C9 x* N9 N6 q2 n4 v+ g6 A% K, N( h$ v
Action by Owners and Management
# e% n2 a7 a. Y3 Y: ^9 {4 O 81. Traders’ boycott" U* L0 c2 H# H, P* _3 C6 N
82. Refusal to let or sell property3 k* U: w. P0 a) `' i. g- D
83. Lockout
! M) _' E; k. D( W! L+ u 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* `% O9 T/ ^$ [% _, h% z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 m c- E9 |% g7 R
- n8 V6 `* |! o( @' G2 YAction by Holders of Financial Resources
* C) i0 @' X' w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" O& g7 j3 K0 Y0 [1 ]+ w# i 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: S/ o1 x, L( p2 o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' U% |, |6 Y) ~8 g1 H( K- Z
89. Severance of funds and credit$ Y. ?' x; t: Q/ i9 d- R
90. Revenue refusal
! D2 X* F, b" J9 y- T 91. Refusal of a government’s money2 J L% c" j, K1 h- y0 `6 N- } y
& @8 { }+ M* {/ |1 u$ QAction by Governments
5 G; Z4 I n0 [2 W 92. Domestic embargo- W, f- ^! C& u" R- o+ v
93. Blacklisting of traders
w( m7 _ C" r, J+ S 94. International sellers’ embargo" T/ W3 f6 ]5 I+ C7 o- T- A
95. International buyers’ embargo2 W# L+ m" Z1 p8 r2 G
96. International trade embargo: l: S$ g. C4 b2 v6 ]
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
3 q. u* V6 Y* z
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Symbolic Strikes
- D8 I# S% U! i6 ^0 k 97. Protest strike7 k% F5 n4 ~. `5 V7 |2 g
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, @4 H2 w9 U3 T8 O4 x/ A* S* u" V( }6 I7 q; t) D
Agricultural Strikes1 e( f% b; I5 S
99. Peasant strike# c0 K, w# f! i+ X2 H; z
100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 }, G) ]" ~4 t) j. Y
6 t2 X' p/ \, F. z' TStrikes by Special Groups
% `1 s1 W' K5 e' Q. V/ s 101. Refusal of impressed labor- ^+ K1 ]0 y! s
102. Prisoners’ strike
) b! r3 p; D, j, Q4 t( \1 {( z 103. Craft strike5 z6 `- v5 ]1 @
104. Professional strike5 E; U% h0 W: d) |( B6 J
! M& H! q4 \' T: P0 g
Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ w8 g1 M- c" Q
105. Establishment strike, ?: A7 ]( Z$ s7 b+ Y6 o
106. Industry strike$ B% Q( h% d! U! }2 o
107. Sympathetic strike
' X5 b* g' q0 [9 f7 K* R6 }3 }9 S2 B3 W8 k6 D+ M0 P
Restricted Strikes$ i, m! H( e- t+ v
108. Detailed strike
& k0 g0 b k- q 109. Bumper strike* q0 e T0 i9 G1 M
110. Slowdown strike: a- k% M5 Z$ H; h, o
111. Working-to-rule strike
+ s" W& C1 n; X# B1 d" S 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* \ {# [6 D2 g 113. Strike by resignation, G l( Z: O$ E% O9 K$ g
114. Limited strike
R, g7 g) B( a) m3 J 115. Selective strike& o- _7 `" h! b3 D y
: K6 V3 ~" s: C$ \1 s' f
Multi-Industry Strikes
; G% z- _) P) t9 ?( U. i0 Y9 Z" ^/ X! ?2 i% G+ P
116. Generalized strike
* ~# D. g9 U w! U$ ]' S4 T/ o
7 [$ F0 C, K* y$ L' w/ v 117. General strike
0 r- t V( m/ z1 k. b z
9 @" A5 f4 b. R1 a8 tCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures; T! U, K$ O- Y
) X% o' s# h4 W3 | 118. Hartal% V5 {- N/ N x3 c Q
) D9 {- U( B# D, _$ ? 119. Economic shutdown
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) U3 Q r/ C5 K a* ? e) TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 S" q& N* ]% i0 M1 i# z3 ]; U2 W * Y1 _ m) w' @7 [2 w; T
Rejection of Authority
/ G. ~0 m7 t9 t0 q8 ~: @ ^" w 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* z3 x5 U- S* g5 Z
121. Refusal of public support
) A# }6 |* m5 e# S8 X+ n# s1 |1 z% u 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
" \+ h7 Q. Q8 W
3 O+ f* ]- I/ e7 g0 G% ?# w% @Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 l4 u# t1 _4 `+ W/ S( S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) S+ ]. Q+ b9 m; o F, d* f 124. Boycott of elections7 n- m) G/ N. C& C: s+ P; L7 o
125. Boycott of government employment and positions* i) G% m" Z8 }9 ]# k, y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" {( m) K' a2 u5 l( G
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( |# I/ S- |0 o5 g7 G 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& l) `2 l, L' m/ n3 G/ q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 J1 d2 }) H+ P 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 J9 R n) B! M# A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- Z( b; e- z# x0 j6 g7 O$ d, S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
* g6 k: F1 L B/ ~
, T3 o( J/ I* {& m$ H: H( SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( U% j% s* d% ] w& `: P& x, Z1 z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
b4 g: Y! Y& b; I- k/ l5 |0 Q. \ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! q: d: W' @: ?1 S
135. Popular nonobedience
8 m' ]# [! S# a7 h 136. Disguised disobedience0 f) i' s8 N9 I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 X7 R( c c9 I: R1 o
138. Sitdown2 G. V6 b2 y2 H J
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation V7 y2 X; O5 V7 ]5 |6 a: p1 S
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 _- E) _3 y2 j/ d1 z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* D8 y. g8 k0 @& \, }7 R
# |- s3 ?1 \( {9 k6 I6 G- LAction by Government Personnel
) d4 N2 {0 y% [ U; K+ m/ P/ H 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 D6 g, e- G N5 [3 Z5 A6 l+ P 143. Blocking of lines of command and information- N0 \# {' |& G6 [
144. Stalling and obstruction
% P1 B' b% o6 x; Q* b 145. General administrative noncooperation
4 Q' d7 `. a0 i' y$ W" g
; t* B, H, R7 _% R, e 146. Judicial noncooperation" ^% t# M+ o7 v! u
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) Y3 @* N& x; S, n 148. Mutiny
7 L& M0 R# e% F3 I- IDomestic Governmental Action2 E- H1 i, o( F, }
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ [+ D, b/ W3 r) ~4 J+ A4 c0 H$ O 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units6 v* P: y0 N k% m
4 p9 ]& G4 {- z( g# }International Governmental Action) }: q1 N- [ t8 Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' u+ c* K5 U% E5 z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: q2 m8 k# x9 v _/ B9 \, f6 S0 [4 L
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, ?+ H# y: ] o$ `% H. X+ B 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' g' r- @/ n. k+ f 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" c5 K2 P# p4 |3 S- K' s 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies4 l: F/ K9 L$ k. s+ K" o D
157. Expulsion from international organizations& O, E# p! ]9 U9 R; X
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- J, D5 A9 `$ U: Q4 ETHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 V3 l- G2 j N# |5 y5 L6 b
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& X, z' m/ f R4 bPsychological Intervention
4 z" w" i4 r" t1 h 158. Self-exposure to the elements3 x7 F. n, O/ |: @# Q# ^* j
159. The fast7 Z& @: x; e/ w' e! }2 n$ e; k
a) Fast of moral pressure
' _) l: a( Z8 w' k t, ] b) Hunger strike
/ _! X& p7 e% V. |+ ` c) Satyagrahic fast
0 h' z& \5 j# j, C+ h 160. Reverse trial
/ g, }1 r0 f9 q" j+ ]# Q% S 161. Nonviolent harassment
l- `% K! U8 B: d% {( P% ~' k0 ~; ?, O( x; T' K( h( D
Physical Intervention
* ~ E2 q# {- e4 o7 s 162. Sit-in' c' t) S, o; y+ ~
163. Stand-in
9 X. f2 }. H2 c0 F5 s 164. Ride-in7 C! s( r, U3 ?- k0 v' i7 X8 [
165. Wade-in
4 N. V$ _; j7 }3 d7 m& y; r! e 166. Mill-in/ X8 \/ e" f/ X4 Y& [
167. Pray-in
/ S( _+ m { K0 `1 s8 A, R 168. Nonviolent raids8 I- p$ F4 Z* z
169. Nonviolent air raids! ~2 E: s; G; l
170. Nonviolent invasion
( X) q% v5 H! u% ?8 x 171. Nonviolent interjection
% J+ v `( M2 S, v 172. Nonviolent obstruction
6 \- }' ]& N, G3 ^# G 173. Nonviolent occupation
& H5 ?5 {( m$ V9 q, ?' k$ Z1 e: T2 W$ C" u/ b/ O$ m9 ?6 r% E
Social Intervention
& w2 t, q$ E; C" \; Y7 @ 174. Establishing new social patterns
- O& v7 Z/ u, p# s$ `+ I 175. Overloading of facilities
9 J7 K5 w. V2 g2 h7 j 176. Stall-in
& T/ c! N; C, H1 N" S 177. Speak-in
+ \) l5 @5 R5 e; s, j 178. Guerrilla theater4 d. ~2 c# ]8 u' W) R( m9 G
179. Alternative social institutions
2 }9 N3 E, Z! E+ M/ a, y 180. Alternative communication system
% \( Y* ~9 p/ t1 W9 ]% T
/ n, Z8 K; ~+ \3 o* X/ VEconomic Intervention' f$ b8 @8 f- t! Z7 ^- N# h0 @
181. Reverse strike
4 U: L+ s8 \% @+ E4 j8 |; C% r, l. q 182. Stay-in strike
/ m) ]7 |8 N& |% B- T4 H( e 183. Nonviolent land seizure- L& ]9 p1 _, T w& d$ h1 L* B# @
184. Defiance of blockades
; g% U9 l; i$ W+ Q6 c3 r 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 O7 s" s" a- X- q
186. Preclusive purchasing
, o* Q/ h/ Z$ f- j 187. Seizure of assets
% L0 Q4 l7 s5 c" G 188. Dumping
6 l s0 W e- n- M 189. Selective patronage: @, U- m, P1 U- O
190. Alternative markets
; C' {2 R: Y9 |- ?# N9 _ 191. Alternative transportation systems
8 ^/ Z2 ?7 b" B1 U5 [/ s 192. Alternative economic institutions
( A0 C7 J" D" H/ h
& ]- X; Y- i: H, HPolitical Intervention
- {0 q. j L+ a 193. Overloading of administrative systems- ]# _% S3 |0 t0 H7 O1 ~& T% U; ^
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
/ l8 c, g' l* [, O 195. Seeking imprisonment$ R0 V% h5 ^3 L) s1 r8 c
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" X- W/ |' r( T, \- _( T 197. Work-on without collaboration
3 \5 a! @( o6 x( G. W$ q3 p3 p 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
