 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& E# b2 w0 N& X8 U t
Formal Statements
9 |. i( e$ Z) K1 w( [ 1. Public Speeches
* P& o3 x5 ]! V4 G0 Y }% Y- R 2. Letters of opposition or support( m$ n) G# `* o% P- v: p: c {
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 j- u/ ?5 O/ K9 H4 p8 }0 w ^: |
4. Signed public statements9 j6 _! A' }& h3 ?/ x* j; k
5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ B. E2 I7 {# a! [4 b$ P
6. Group or mass petitions
0 O# g" \* Z7 A) x+ t& k$ N
& D" H9 B/ H3 R k% ?; b' |Communications with a Wider Audience" v: i0 l4 F: Q9 i! |3 O0 t! v/ B* B
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- Y; `; g, H! U( o; D 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 P+ E6 Z# H# D8 L& |8 z* c
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 K- J9 D9 p) X5 G
10. Newspapers and journals
" r( i# E o/ F9 A" c8 E 11. Records, radio, and television
" t( n# |, K2 C$ E7 l$ M# @ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ ?0 t, J' h) d& J
2 n7 L' P* h1 a1 O( i* V
Group Representations
; p; u3 p* g5 a( _4 {1 g* Y! k3 R 13. Deputations
+ ?" k1 Q- F, S, C8 `2 s2 g 14. Mock awards
8 Q$ ]; _/ ~ s- o 15. Group lobbying
: I* l0 [3 C6 q 16. Picketing, }6 _" M$ O5 x: X1 J& |
17. Mock elections2 i% r7 [9 O# w
q: R4 k( E% @2 r) B7 a& t
Symbolic Public Acts
, X; ?2 T' T; H 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) {" S e/ q$ I- O/ V% D4 ~# ]0 h6 q 19. Wearing of symbols
) c l+ K" o K( I7 T+ H 20. Prayer and worship7 G* z; }" l! p( H8 D; E
21. Delivering symbolic objects) v& |' W, I4 I; a0 j4 q
22. Protest disrobings% [5 v3 ^0 @: T% {! D2 _
23. Destruction of own property
. P8 C, _' L' g+ y 24. Symbolic lights1 B# i S/ [; E/ q
25. Displays of portraits' q" e W: a5 P4 m
26. Paint as protest
Z: ~" w/ ?( x1 d* S+ n% i9 y3 C 27. New signs and names
! k. x- C, |: Z% L/ W 28. Symbolic sounds& w3 C5 h9 Q' s- g$ Z
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 T7 ~' }& I* E3 s# j- D) S 30. Rude gestures- C% K$ h. q: h H
, ]7 r& _% ]7 T
Pressures on Individuals
' Z! e+ Z( |& f$ u 31. “Haunting” officials/ K7 X8 T4 z6 ?5 Y1 f( R
32. Taunting officials
) s' S" T3 H* O6 H8 k& _8 a: i 33. Fraternization
8 Z; |! b6 e& { 34. Vigils
% C/ `9 g/ Y) d c+ z
' r6 D' S! V3 BDrama and Music
" r; v. N1 D# K' e7 \# @8 E( D0 c( z7 H 35. Humorous skits and pranks7 s2 a5 M; C( g% n4 B* @, y: H
36. Performances of plays and music, M/ Z6 D T2 G% b
37. Singing
( O/ F! m0 }" U: C! o
$ `! G) k/ f$ h6 g- MProcessions
( D, g+ H3 o. c$ E* d/ q 38. Marches% t5 y" G( L; v
39. Parades
1 _3 D& o7 W0 L. P 40. Religious processions) R1 k. X( s4 ?7 F" Z z5 p! M
41. Pilgrimages
6 q1 d5 o2 X8 A) ]$ e5 I8 g+ U& y 42. Motorcades
0 O! S& q+ }5 {1 s6 l) o, h0 O* Y9 F [, Y* Q \ w- F
Honoring the Dead
9 ^: n, w4 D- R 43. Political mourning: ^* ?1 a7 i3 c# r5 |
44. Mock funerals
a3 D0 }5 f+ p; r- J1 o 45. Demonstrative funerals7 ~% e* I6 V9 h4 H1 }, B" K
46. Homage at burial places; ?, G D1 Y8 E/ T( }! R- K- N: g
& q# N s: f1 `7 r' W2 _- a" X0 i
Public Assemblies
6 U h9 c# @9 [" z0 g5 \) V3 i4 I 47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 p- t. P2 I# z9 h 48. Protest meetings! Q8 J/ O2 @" D5 p2 Q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 S8 H+ N$ n( a2 m4 D 50. Teach-ins& @) x0 o; P! N
) |7 s: D/ C# y6 s0 i# L6 r( f6 o
Withdrawal and Renunciation
5 ^& E( w2 z2 s* y( U 51. Walk-outs
: n( G8 P0 r# r& Z" o# t 52. Silence
' W, j+ G' U# W% E6 r: s% Z( q# p 53. Renouncing honors
3 }( D% i- |% r" c% V, }; n6 p 54. Turning one’s back4 b9 u) n1 h* b( k6 Z
+ L- e, x1 p: E, A) T1 T4 r
# [( x# [# q& A
: R0 r3 d8 B: q( d: I2 RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; X9 m4 ~% d& I; x5 D9 b
) _3 {. s( \2 x0 F1 n / m1 N/ a! e3 X7 k/ z5 a2 q
- z: L1 ^- e' V; }% b1 Q
Ostracism of Persons' c- C& T$ }- H/ C- }! O
55. Social boycott e/ v, z }4 [: U2 ^5 g) x
56. Selective social boycott
$ `, X8 m/ }7 L( X9 T, O 57. Lysistratic nonaction5 Y8 D7 N9 g, u% J2 B. W) w$ U6 t# \
58. Excommunication
+ E$ c: w$ }) y! N* ^/ S; E6 S/ I 59. Interdict
( x5 M* X, N9 ^ Z) B _) m/ y) _+ P- ?! Z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ U7 E3 I6 }& x7 S
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 t; S' F% n2 _
61. Boycott of social affairs: Z4 t+ c% F6 n8 F' _7 l6 R
62. Student strike
/ d# o+ _5 G$ O! I+ d* {8 d0 [& ` 63. Social disobedience
2 @% E# Z% w6 Z" Z) a9 B 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' z5 W$ H! V/ k
& @! l+ @) T: l! NWithdrawal from the Social System; f4 m7 b- p2 Q3 Q. g3 p
65. Stay-at-home
D9 ~- `. o; z1 o; k 66. Total personal noncooperation/ Z' y( A, I% M7 Q) `
67. “Flight” of workers4 m/ G$ u( W3 B& }3 n9 O
68. Sanctuary7 e+ P R' b4 t/ M/ I
69. Collective disappearance5 l) R8 [' S+ m8 K. U( N% W5 C3 H
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
H4 i/ g3 G4 }8 n
2 p3 t8 q) s2 h8 c
8 ^! `; C/ @) v# h* z+ a' |! r: t% t3 X! c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 f) d6 j, ~4 Z! t( C1 q6 h$ d; d
, d$ w! T2 K- r a6 v
Actions by Consumers
. h) m; Y1 c3 k 71. Consumers’ boycott
$ Z9 |$ \: a6 ?9 {; g6 b6 K 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ S* c0 v' p! U$ q8 f, E6 A
73. Policy of austerity
: V0 u9 T3 a$ }; Y) x+ ? 74. Rent withholding& f% @7 x: Q* I0 S+ z+ R
75. Refusal to rent* W! u, }5 u- I8 N' a$ B4 r s; i8 `
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 l o: @5 T4 j- W" c: j: R 77. International consumers’ boycott
; Q0 e1 n8 h; M3 _& R
0 f' \6 |9 C3 z9 T. m: H) U0 uAction by Workers and Producers) Y) ]8 f/ M# \$ W2 _: p
78. Workmen’s boycott
+ c* r9 L9 B m! d, y' _! ] 79. Producers’ boycott
N+ |2 X4 g1 ^ ]8 e% U, b2 c6 C+ A& w. }# Y) f) r
Action by Middlemen% J- \( ?2 h/ Q3 Z: w7 I6 d2 F5 Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 ]$ k- n, M2 d' V8 N
! f' }" t u& s& ?# DAction by Owners and Management! v% X: q* o$ ~% G+ ?
81. Traders’ boycott
4 q! k4 @( g7 C& w2 y/ O 82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 b/ G0 D. Z" [ t% |2 _3 r. } v 83. Lockout
# w* {# g) A g8 f 84. Refusal of industrial assistance) v! W. K- B; I8 ^
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& V7 M- W1 \1 ^1 ^
3 [2 i& I: V- Z3 s* k' J7 U9 ~% lAction by Holders of Financial Resources+ S# \+ u* M. V; t7 Y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, Q% V, b( P9 B. | 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, Y' s8 Y# N7 [8 f2 ~ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 j8 l6 j) n9 X/ s( B
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 W' a: I) V5 A0 z 90. Revenue refusal" X* q7 M0 a9 l) [' ~, }# k5 t* X
91. Refusal of a government’s money# J& r: P6 }6 \/ H! v R9 j
% M" p+ y4 V+ M$ s' dAction by Governments
0 h5 G! {8 R/ h/ T 92. Domestic embargo+ }6 b2 H1 C* s0 H9 n" |/ S5 a0 _
93. Blacklisting of traders+ `/ O# k; n& m. g2 o, U
94. International sellers’ embargo
3 d% L7 m- h- i% ~5 ` 95. International buyers’ embargo6 [9 y4 f3 o7 D. [5 w
96. International trade embargo. m3 u+ @1 n: v1 t$ a3 i' L
3 h: I, p' V5 p: W/ j+ y2 P
9 u5 o% _& _) e9 Z0 X$ |
' Z! b. b( l* H0 y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: u* k, s3 q* X- Y2 r: z' [
1 m) C. r* E. n; n E& R
% l! |6 I4 b: L( |1 ?, S2 \Symbolic Strikes
x3 ?7 D8 P6 |3 T6 S3 ]( | 97. Protest strike
$ o" @ a) Q) j& p0 D7 | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ F) Y4 a! _9 L+ A; }& i) r- c
% n! y' z9 _( K5 B+ p& B
Agricultural Strikes9 H: n" t* R; q
99. Peasant strike
+ _" G9 ]; a- c ~& u r0 \ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 V) y; I; v' t3 U8 r7 q
V$ q! {$ p b+ I" K6 |% VStrikes by Special Groups
: o; L& w5 I; r' @! A: C( J 101. Refusal of impressed labor' |7 J# _' U y) w- h$ |
102. Prisoners’ strike
) Q6 m. J: n: w* \6 Q 103. Craft strike! I. m4 ]5 J1 [2 X' _ o
104. Professional strike
5 _# A$ ~* a1 j' t
+ U2 ^/ m9 b/ c, q' t9 AOrdinary Industrial Strikes
7 |2 [- A' r- |5 y) @) T. @ p 105. Establishment strike3 Q4 y5 V# r, A- I
106. Industry strike
/ }/ [7 v1 X4 k c0 p$ ~, F 107. Sympathetic strike
) D5 Z7 g1 d8 \; h% I) |" r9 a; U a. N+ |1 ~
Restricted Strikes
( C( [( m/ J. t' a 108. Detailed strike6 H$ K S9 `& x$ L4 n" B) e6 r3 U+ U
109. Bumper strike
' {. r% ~3 q/ U 110. Slowdown strike
& `) i4 ~* |, }* W3 N7 q9 v 111. Working-to-rule strike
/ K! l7 C" n5 h8 h+ l# h/ T: I2 i 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: f3 I. |' q; y( R: h& n. x% x 113. Strike by resignation
7 b" i9 S' V, y4 R 114. Limited strike: N- o6 U7 V {- N& W" x
115. Selective strike
/ Y2 s+ f. B: K, i o: }7 F+ [+ `% `& k0 Q, Q% H
Multi-Industry Strikes6 U' W. f0 O h4 O7 E9 a
: H4 a( P9 w4 M8 g 116. Generalized strike
2 A7 Q8 {8 J: l [ t+ |: n9 p( o. ~0 v4 q
117. General strike
/ W6 W) \; v! |3 Q; X
& U! C. o$ j% {; [5 lCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. Q3 t8 m4 O C4 i- ]9 H7 z, S( {
! b5 {6 \; x5 m; x+ k 118. Hartal" W5 {! c) T4 C6 K1 n5 c; ^
$ y" R) y: E) R9 f$ l% c$ P& O
119. Economic shutdown
8 D2 C/ h3 B7 }% r( r8 }
. s7 F9 S" K1 L$ u! K# D ! K( c0 _6 @: V" r
9 e6 h! J& W' I8 i& b/ C8 r( GTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
2 P8 Q, S& q- Y6 W& ~
1 Q0 F) n% l. y ^& F * c5 O# s9 b3 W
Rejection of Authority
7 }* z: Y0 k: [, P3 G4 F) y2 | 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance. K* U. j6 ?4 N5 k7 q y _# b
121. Refusal of public support! @" ~$ r7 r1 A* _: ?
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ i: K0 s5 b' u% }' L% X2 P1 t
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" C6 a% S* {7 ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies* a1 Y @$ z, H! L, s
124. Boycott of elections- z2 m( ?, \5 j E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% x+ h R6 d2 f8 B/ E; C 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' s6 G& ~' z$ k8 ~ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 X$ S4 c' Z8 `! z. d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# f* R7 X, N3 ?" e9 G. @* p
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! A3 y p2 n# J' q: t/ ~: w
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. W4 N2 h- E% M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( M$ ~3 t4 t6 l6 i( Y; C* @* N/ @/ T; }
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 x$ c& v1 f; b
% J8 z7 c9 Q4 Y; y! J; h
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 K. \, |3 d1 R6 k 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 z( s" ]) x% W 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ N/ j% V% D, i- y+ l 135. Popular nonobedience% h6 B" `* q: x' K P8 u
136. Disguised disobedience7 e% [" [2 X% a8 m8 f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ A* {3 h8 \$ k: w/ V. R
138. Sitdown4 C- a/ l4 }& O4 o* @+ ^
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 d9 V: x4 C* x! w 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! _6 }" @8 \# H) c, h7 i
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) A# r: A" p. W5 G6 {. ^
' s5 M! W0 r" v9 n( tAction by Government Personnel/ s# F& |9 R8 W! a. \
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 [8 b1 u5 B7 G! p6 b
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
r# \* E# q) N# P 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 _3 R5 L& J; Y3 N6 l/ v* i3 N 145. General administrative noncooperation
0 f5 _5 U9 i- E/ G5 x
0 P. \) l( H' P4 {1 Q) L2 W 146. Judicial noncooperation+ }! U& x% {8 ]0 ]1 {
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! \* J' L8 }; h. O* _- ]- D' s
148. Mutiny8 q p9 H0 \# u* H0 W5 J) }
Domestic Governmental Action2 f' ^8 L& D/ z/ ?. o7 g5 d/ X
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& Y$ j8 O% @8 ~1 f( w7 j' M1 o* W
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
j" |* l7 t- r' H/ a! z( o! s5 t: M" u! c% N T6 N& \. b& C6 Q
International Governmental Action1 r- o8 l) B+ L' `* N1 s+ v1 P
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
a; O4 ^' b4 W" r1 C3 h 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ e: ?; X4 z; k. p" U( p
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% ~7 i3 B+ D, c# [5 X! s( Y 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 p; v4 q) h% w; d& u( I7 y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, K1 ~9 t6 _4 C) p% L& ^ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 l2 z, {2 g3 I9 F9 L
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% R/ q- t. Q9 l1 M& d# S! W* c+ l) D
5 V- }0 U( y; {) \
( j1 V8 n" r0 b- ^& k% D( R# \6 ?' x' x7 l, E7 o
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- K% I7 |6 u/ @/ c
8 h3 h. ^3 f! `+ s4 o( E ( n! b6 P Q/ ^: ^+ @* V5 G8 e
Psychological Intervention( q4 h8 V1 P, V2 o9 G5 w b; z+ R* h
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 f* E7 o/ ~4 `: h 159. The fast
/ i) \! s3 u% O a) Fast of moral pressure
1 z/ a4 W& s; d" b b) Hunger strike2 p4 h! A. @1 n: p5 O) h. v
c) Satyagrahic fast, x/ [% \5 J6 L; t, w5 \# E
160. Reverse trial; i7 k/ k1 H3 b3 i$ D
161. Nonviolent harassment7 o1 v6 M; f' j: R3 e
8 R& w- ]; L* @# |
Physical Intervention6 M1 ^. c' i6 y: P; ]
162. Sit-in, l2 t; B9 o3 G9 G! {
163. Stand-in
$ [5 e; W; \6 ?3 N 164. Ride-in
$ A/ s9 n3 A; O7 B& \7 j 165. Wade-in( ~6 Z5 T e9 Q( v L! j
166. Mill-in
# N" R/ _7 T- w" ~5 _ 167. Pray-in
9 a4 r6 v- E# d- \; {% @9 Y$ a 168. Nonviolent raids& ^2 A( E4 c* p! I
169. Nonviolent air raids2 D. D% X/ d% t7 ] q5 f
170. Nonviolent invasion
/ ]- E/ d# ?; ]1 q% a 171. Nonviolent interjection% J" n6 X' Q6 {; E' [% B9 U) l
172. Nonviolent obstruction
# j% ?4 o* g9 @! X0 `+ e 173. Nonviolent occupation
2 \; w( K) H. f
' @0 ~5 ?8 Q: T+ G: uSocial Intervention3 a3 L% C; V0 m. e; c
174. Establishing new social patterns8 u1 ^* p8 W; `& E" Y& X& N; v
175. Overloading of facilities2 T) r3 o" ?; O" D7 U" L( T1 B
176. Stall-in
9 p( [) G' c7 ? 177. Speak-in
% r3 B3 x+ I/ t 178. Guerrilla theater H: Q9 g* |6 J5 N
179. Alternative social institutions3 M* S _; A- S& x
180. Alternative communication system3 {7 G0 j$ L5 {2 W5 a
6 l5 s( y6 F6 F0 l: R! a
Economic Intervention
+ b/ }, g7 K' _5 M: S+ f6 z2 y 181. Reverse strike8 \$ a! G m, e$ k" [& ^
182. Stay-in strike9 f& R% K+ N4 A6 D) g( W
183. Nonviolent land seizure# i% X. W# L: m$ q% W/ F2 f
184. Defiance of blockades
# P$ b8 ]/ G" s 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ G: w6 v- F$ e 186. Preclusive purchasing; t! k+ T; |& K$ ?; b
187. Seizure of assets, R k# [2 [7 W# o+ |
188. Dumping8 s. e9 K; p- ~5 ~$ k$ `" u: j
189. Selective patronage7 q5 Y7 T6 A# E$ V
190. Alternative markets1 W, T% k! p$ @2 T- K# b" f
191. Alternative transportation systems
7 L. P3 T% V0 D/ _; N+ Q8 H 192. Alternative economic institutions) C2 o& n0 I }: A6 V) [
* S, N1 j) u9 Q6 _$ j: x& GPolitical Intervention3 I: _$ h2 L! [; ?$ y( d
193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 {9 W C- o9 J) h 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 V$ [( x9 l$ p1 @" v2 x
195. Seeking imprisonment4 T% K4 i9 O; O* U. N; A- c
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; F' R) V- t, h9 O" d 197. Work-on without collaboration" H- ]( m1 A% x" r7 A" y4 M
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
0 w+ D p1 G5 U% k* _. k# x) ]( T3 t1 e! K: k
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
