 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! |: ]. I( C. r4 X& T) D: F$ QFormal Statements v/ ]* |3 z6 W' F3 @# P
1. Public Speeches* V: Q% K5 \& }- [9 w
2. Letters of opposition or support
# ~' t7 S+ K& P 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 l6 q# L. ]! i5 U; U- S* C7 \% K
4. Signed public statements$ a7 a+ [' O5 c9 o, W; M1 y# f
5. Declarations of indictment and intention* J* @: g A9 c1 l
6. Group or mass petitions
; ?0 b7 E1 m: H3 x$ ^9 f' i k
4 u- p) y% B( S6 P8 GCommunications with a Wider Audience
1 o0 @+ J; w, R6 f+ l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! D, l1 z K4 m* s+ K) Y& E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; l) D. O: l/ f/ g 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 Y1 q4 s! J4 i0 k( n" ?1 O9 M2 w
10. Newspapers and journals4 G. Y: A2 P5 R0 E( z8 I
11. Records, radio, and television+ _& p- C3 ^0 O8 e( @8 N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ t. v& X o6 J z: [
+ O) b1 q* I2 ~5 e g9 c
Group Representations
9 o' a! g/ y5 F3 B, s, F0 P* x 13. Deputations
. \+ L9 K/ P! x; F) c 14. Mock awards, N, n- N& l' x l+ _2 U# {* [* d, R
15. Group lobbying
+ ?4 T5 M ?% h5 }4 V0 a 16. Picketing
' W1 {6 ]: |6 Q) t8 r. b 17. Mock elections
/ C% u; ]$ f1 M6 @/ \
& b; a' E) P' T7 Q8 wSymbolic Public Acts
9 g3 j3 h- ?+ n& T5 R 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: ]6 R) {. [2 t) v* u2 h! l
19. Wearing of symbols) _1 u, Z: Z7 W
20. Prayer and worship. [ _4 r. i, V: a
21. Delivering symbolic objects9 d( C) E9 M) t: G# G) C0 k
22. Protest disrobings/ P5 V4 S, s- \) V
23. Destruction of own property
# R6 h3 }2 W: G1 [ 24. Symbolic lights
Z% u0 b6 ]2 k1 w5 K 25. Displays of portraits1 p5 V% B6 O1 i. x
26. Paint as protest
: W* b8 B) Y; x; h7 T, C7 w6 y3 I/ V 27. New signs and names% J! G4 [# O3 ~2 Y% x$ Z$ D
28. Symbolic sounds% ]$ n5 D1 Z% t
29. Symbolic reclamations2 ?+ M3 W9 n j- ]
30. Rude gestures
* i) d3 g( J: ~. p8 x, B( l$ b% l
Pressures on Individuals
& T! j7 a6 B) w" R* g; m9 o 31. “Haunting” officials; c. W, T3 E% @. E; t
32. Taunting officials
- x. G) [' J, j7 w/ z' f 33. Fraternization
. |: U$ |8 p( m F: _2 d7 _' _- i 34. Vigils
3 l; ~, p* c9 Q, p) E* }
4 Y" q; H' I* `" a5 VDrama and Music
) D. c/ j4 G# g/ l4 c' {2 T( p 35. Humorous skits and pranks S9 c) `+ J, W0 G, a
36. Performances of plays and music
! O3 \6 I; \ A! i! W& a% u 37. Singing* y! p/ A; g1 E# q
* N" K4 q7 @7 b2 Q1 R6 iProcessions
3 B' j1 E, u& p8 J* v 38. Marches* g2 O c8 v f- Z" F7 [$ }3 R& P
39. Parades W8 Y* G3 x ^
40. Religious processions: K" {/ [ S* }( B: M2 R% j
41. Pilgrimages
( I( U. f$ d* H% U( R/ O4 J 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
& g4 ^4 i" F* h+ s! b" `8 T 43. Political mourning
& G% U. ^0 }+ f9 }. }' H! r5 `2 Y8 N 44. Mock funerals
$ R/ t8 F& {5 u 45. Demonstrative funerals. o% ?! A, z1 l$ Y: k b
46. Homage at burial places
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! @- y- R) k9 Z& i$ B+ mPublic Assemblies. n$ [" F: r3 n4 o
47. Assemblies of protest or support7 ?' z: o. s. Y. ?7 G: v% D, s
48. Protest meetings
8 D) ~7 h# r W: S/ u& v 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest, Q/ O! ]) @- V# m* k0 D
50. Teach-ins
3 X/ w" G$ i$ K2 O( x
8 u5 G5 A+ c0 z& J$ UWithdrawal and Renunciation; E! K" c% x! {+ m k, f
51. Walk-outs7 w# W& S! A+ S7 p/ U. N
52. Silence# G5 J) v- r( G9 v
53. Renouncing honors
; J3 Z4 @: d3 L 54. Turning one’s back0 j, i! a$ N4 X3 w
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 g1 Q$ k9 t: Y7 r- |
7 d0 O6 f- R3 t$ C; F9 {. n" x2 n
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Ostracism of Persons
Z$ s% a3 q$ A 55. Social boycott
$ {5 v1 J! [% g1 b/ k9 N! s5 V, m 56. Selective social boycott7 D/ P5 n8 q8 @* p% b
57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 E/ Z1 i; R ~' y 58. Excommunication
2 U. X# Z2 g/ e1 S' F+ T0 ] 59. Interdict( U* B. D+ [2 c0 g2 m
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ i+ F0 ~$ U. j+ a$ d 60. Suspension of social and sports activities- I* Z7 a' i+ P" z9 y+ Z/ i
61. Boycott of social affairs. t8 E1 \* f. g) @8 z T4 ]
62. Student strike
$ C4 G/ L) k" ]" z: K/ m6 ] 63. Social disobedience
) v7 K6 W( z \3 R+ O. r0 y- G" N 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 \) R* ^" I8 [2 L7 d3 X" g3 J9 f' m
Withdrawal from the Social System
& Y* W. c3 w; z# F% R) @8 ~$ h 65. Stay-at-home
6 P! B( m% F$ p m9 Q) O4 D" ^- I 66. Total personal noncooperation
4 w" R, m( I: z 67. “Flight” of workers
' t; x! z. C/ w, ^ 68. Sanctuary5 Y' e! N0 |$ \ ~" L
69. Collective disappearance+ Z/ b$ h- v2 \ n, o% h
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 J* v% h# F) r" X7 G" w
0 k6 v7 g& V, [$ R3 a q# w- R
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2 z0 o. Y; U1 D$ f' f# _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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e* W/ u7 p5 E" v" n: _9 OActions by Consumers1 u# E; N! a% S; ?: y
71. Consumers’ boycott4 N D: m! m1 h$ U
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% R8 K' R8 } ]5 [$ e( [ 73. Policy of austerity
8 L8 q; d4 h; f" g }) h7 \% J2 S) W 74. Rent withholding
+ C+ m& p% r1 k' T; F3 N/ o 75. Refusal to rent
* l2 d- M9 o- x: o' e 76. National consumers’ boycott
8 w! b. T8 _7 T, P 77. International consumers’ boycott% C; C3 G5 x# ^/ F. y; ~
5 J( y8 t& i* H- Q3 s- m: t
Action by Workers and Producers8 A3 K& u3 o3 T' N6 P! e, c
78. Workmen’s boycott
1 Z% A+ @( J0 G! g6 ^: F 79. Producers’ boycott
- D; t: x2 o% d: W6 o2 W5 t& S8 u/ V" [* r# y
Action by Middlemen
, Z7 R+ N- F2 }+ L7 L: J+ j& A$ z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 y& q" o3 H3 B( h
+ \* B. A9 ]( t. Q
Action by Owners and Management, J# k2 ^0 n+ e L
81. Traders’ boycott
; R, Z; A% T3 A. X7 A' z! l6 A 82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 `: w$ [" v! e, H3 L& b6 |2 b 83. Lockout6 O0 }/ V& g. a3 ]5 r
84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 e- @4 G, ^4 C% c0 @" s E4 f5 p
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 ]8 z) p. R3 a$ ?( q) y. ?! A4 L0 o s
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" _. F2 U/ F9 T5 w9 O3 K7 a2 n 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# J7 w5 A. N" Z9 F3 T 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 M3 r8 ~* q: f' G8 c 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% r' }2 A3 M( E 89. Severance of funds and credit- f: {. H# _( z, q; V4 h! j9 w
90. Revenue refusal
5 W) j, H* `5 Q5 \ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments2 P5 x! o- Q4 Q W1 k4 D
92. Domestic embargo
; ^. \& f& S* f0 h* ] D 93. Blacklisting of traders: h4 A6 t7 W9 {: \
94. International sellers’ embargo3 N" O* B' Y, [* ~
95. International buyers’ embargo2 n. m- ^* R) D; j( U- Q
96. International trade embargo
4 r: j! Q5 M. M( W6 @3 [3 k2 s0 w1 X
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* u) \* ]/ y5 A& r& |# L6 J! R% QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- x1 T2 H) S6 c# M5 G0 H9 l
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M1 q- f; f1 ]9 T# |3 s F
Symbolic Strikes/ q' x' T' ~9 L8 W. {6 ^3 h
97. Protest strike. X1 f; e3 M) ~/ R0 v* K
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% o: T' _6 M' V# i# _4 [
6 w; q0 F8 B1 Q) h1 F
Agricultural Strikes u R; [$ d4 m" m0 e$ K8 J
99. Peasant strike- n! y5 Z; X5 `
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ C& Y5 v& m* o5 T4 X/ S; q! v9 z9 u3 e; n/ N
Strikes by Special Groups! C( P+ \3 a) ] S( N
101. Refusal of impressed labor
& T4 H+ B/ A7 P" t 102. Prisoners’ strike
) |( T, I' c( ]% C. F$ r9 r* E* t 103. Craft strike
4 M k9 ~, e* k7 F" D1 E 104. Professional strike
6 q( c# L% R6 ]3 `. r6 g5 M2 n2 Q" C. d; B. [9 ^! V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
0 s' e8 N- E8 m9 i5 l2 |; j# P 105. Establishment strike$ @5 n+ Y1 w) b
106. Industry strike
! k& y4 j9 O, J; b 107. Sympathetic strike+ _& Z, h, E4 X/ o# y: o9 N, l8 h
+ R6 j$ K9 w! p. F& Q
Restricted Strikes
7 ~5 E; ]9 F, i* ? 108. Detailed strike# ?8 ~! m0 |4 B6 I* K8 }- }& Z
109. Bumper strike" F% L6 s) l7 d2 F; X9 {. C
110. Slowdown strike+ _& Y8 o: [6 s
111. Working-to-rule strike
$ T: a* E2 M. q/ n7 W+ I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); ]" Q" m, v3 [( e
113. Strike by resignation% y" Y( f- t% A* w& g' Y: W
114. Limited strike
4 b+ o$ Y6 h0 e- @! I 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
$ }9 G, i: S; [: x u: n& E: b& R' e' c) R1 }
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* x* U E6 |9 z
2 [: W& C) K" ^# u! V 118. Hartal g9 x" L: {) M8 ~
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119. Economic shutdown0 D' Z; T" W* _
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( T! Y; ~' i8 L" @! f! _, Y/ G% s; _4 T- yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& {1 F+ G9 S- t3 C/ a6 D2 E
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Rejection of Authority8 m3 A. v& f) f7 z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* p& O3 r/ J, \- _
121. Refusal of public support* a! J0 P& `# J% N
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 t) A/ y4 U9 h4 t+ h) X2 {7 v* [; g" Y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: s. z- q" d/ e) T% x# u 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ W& m( Y; }# T' j9 B. l0 u. I3 c; |( P 124. Boycott of elections
0 K' ~" u6 t. v1 \7 Z' ~9 w 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) N% z% Z h9 N6 B 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 T. p# G/ d) G! ~' H! ~8 o$ k 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 E; V$ C4 }, r% V, y1 l5 s
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% }! Z) X: B6 C ? 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! L2 j- h9 m0 P( l1 o( F M( u4 g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# I4 }7 z0 X! `4 V; r- {" j6 a
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 N/ K* Q% P4 m
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* @8 u8 x- w- f( ^" f; }
0 G8 N& A4 O7 W8 c3 Z, R+ w o
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% ~5 r3 Y- r9 o' F% R, Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance" S% b' `, | f: _
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 T* [1 F3 \# n2 U0 Y g 135. Popular nonobedience7 j$ C2 a8 K5 V" y) U6 O9 U* P
136. Disguised disobedience
9 W5 k" Z& [, Y$ H: g/ T9 w 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" ]: c5 ]4 g' J! Y' t 138. Sitdown
( w6 h) R( e( c8 B f" q: L 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 |4 r& O6 e$ W+ f
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: i5 k! K4 J* F& ]1 Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 n7 L4 [& K) `* S& |7 v9 C4 q
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Action by Government Personnel
/ j$ z3 s$ {2 J( K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 C9 i" B& Z. P3 }2 m$ i
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! M( P( s6 ]4 r' f# k2 J" t2 I
144. Stalling and obstruction/ k; k& `& e8 c$ [
145. General administrative noncooperation' `2 A' P, v* J! F
2 `! e' v1 b8 F 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 d3 l; F& f0 w) i. V8 G 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& T- b& W! u. b' ]8 O$ L 148. Mutiny# C3 V/ j( W1 `' ?& _9 [/ J& a
Domestic Governmental Action0 |4 A' _! k: v5 N% ~1 q; e* H
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* I, N' e8 V1 ?- _8 Q
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ w2 [1 L+ ^3 q) O0 K
2 z- `1 P6 x3 W% J6 W$ c1 aInternational Governmental Action
! _$ x( ?1 K* k0 I$ t$ J7 \+ s 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 T1 m" B) c( y5 v* n) G 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ N9 q9 b m1 a4 l3 v4 A5 z. y8 ?# `
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: r( I1 F s; z. w4 N' J! x 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 A% l4 V# \( c; R: J 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 B/ }) {: w( _$ T8 [. O$ o 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- u) H% W& A- E! Q! [ 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 f5 w: m3 t' [, C0 k
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5 [9 i4 Y( Z0 | k5 u2 C2 eTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: ^6 ^5 g- G0 X( [/ L( m5 m
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( D& w" g, m4 h: i4 L+ p4 YPsychological Intervention3 V/ |9 a7 _. v* ?
158. Self-exposure to the elements( f/ g- M5 t0 s
159. The fast
6 t' Y, B/ a T* s7 `8 h a) Fast of moral pressure
& _$ C' A( P# A3 g0 ] b) Hunger strike! a0 J8 x! ~: T- v
c) Satyagrahic fast# b* o$ Z) F7 ^" I: a
160. Reverse trial+ c1 _) i+ {8 @" T. T
161. Nonviolent harassment3 A+ `3 a( b: o! W. Q
/ z1 N, y/ Y+ z1 R/ Y- BPhysical Intervention
* Z9 Z3 @/ @7 w3 C2 q, e) @' d 162. Sit-in# V; z5 n! Z& q2 f' ^ I& z
163. Stand-in4 ]- q4 X. N2 ], h' d- b
164. Ride-in
9 `7 k' S9 l3 C: p! o$ I f 165. Wade-in
l( B/ b5 C' S' A6 G" ~ 166. Mill-in
- X- S0 {. E/ B* B9 J { 167. Pray-in
3 u. H& P" V8 E$ u0 D% c 168. Nonviolent raids. X# B3 g1 k! t* S
169. Nonviolent air raids5 \/ p. i* i+ T
170. Nonviolent invasion: {1 D! e5 d9 y* v0 [. F; q9 G
171. Nonviolent interjection' O5 R0 P) H$ z/ X U: J/ J. e
172. Nonviolent obstruction0 `! E0 ?- o) { @8 H o* d2 V$ X
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
1 }& s4 Q) Y# H: p; T7 R# j8 ` 174. Establishing new social patterns$ s9 }8 k( M9 t/ Q j
175. Overloading of facilities+ F! p$ r+ E3 s$ _ D% m2 `/ A
176. Stall-in
8 K& y/ j9 P: h 177. Speak-in. X' @" t7 X9 n- e
178. Guerrilla theater7 T* ^8 ?: `5 K" j
179. Alternative social institutions2 \* e- A, N. |
180. Alternative communication system( V6 s O& m5 d$ F
- s8 e8 X8 Q' d! u' N
Economic Intervention+ p' C4 I2 Z. [8 _! u
181. Reverse strike, p* U, L# w2 R4 M0 U7 s+ p
182. Stay-in strike V1 X h+ ^2 {: J3 X) [4 V
183. Nonviolent land seizure
! q0 p+ _. U8 R7 } 184. Defiance of blockades! ^+ L3 K3 A& ^. t4 c" E" Z3 ~' c
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 R/ S; G& q/ D# B0 p4 M! @: J 186. Preclusive purchasing
( E& f; x& M- A; D1 I 187. Seizure of assets+ t2 r4 E, }9 ?; C6 F, A
188. Dumping5 ^' c V. S; [$ c2 }& Y; R3 H4 y
189. Selective patronage- n$ |7 {$ P% _- _: j6 U( R
190. Alternative markets5 A7 z) G+ J. T# L6 b; Q
191. Alternative transportation systems2 x1 e! _ @7 C) w2 _
192. Alternative economic institutions
3 u( }5 s7 G) b, e2 y+ [
# x$ K6 r% j4 ^0 D6 e; ePolitical Intervention
x3 {; [# A2 @. {2 | 193. Overloading of administrative systems0 |8 T' s) \9 n& o7 }/ _
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# \3 D% X8 x+ W+ x
195. Seeking imprisonment. }) T) [" P4 `0 x" H; C1 S
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% C* y8 N: E* P* [/ O+ V) o 197. Work-on without collaboration Y( F) M$ v! r
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
