 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ o/ e6 c F$ [. S& p
Formal Statements W1 o9 T7 j( n3 W
1. Public Speeches% q5 ]2 k6 v7 k9 V1 d9 Q
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 Q& z4 z, d# U, H0 f, X( s 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 q* R5 d K6 o$ B! K' H' A$ x 4. Signed public statements/ K# ]7 w/ E+ L2 @8 \0 b
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 I5 ?( [" b8 Y% C' F8 T0 S! n$ m 6. Group or mass petitions
$ @/ A$ O; g. A& o" J+ u% i+ Z5 o2 E: S0 s
Communications with a Wider Audience
) [$ a, o+ Z) u 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 Q& C( A, q$ K 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 ?0 Y: P' i! S$ p. y8 ?
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# _1 {" k% L" h1 u
10. Newspapers and journals9 ]- k% [' ^) X. j1 U
11. Records, radio, and television
$ C. Y1 o+ r! d: Z* k# }* @0 b 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 P( ^1 E$ L' F# x( j
7 @- s. ^# Z$ e) @
Group Representations0 a }& N# ^7 T S" q9 v' t1 N
13. Deputations
# l1 O3 V+ B- X 14. Mock awards* w, r; d7 H% O& i8 o9 G* c' Y7 r
15. Group lobbying
( u0 Q; x3 O* ~& Z+ | 16. Picketing7 D9 ]) O" H- Y* f w( Y1 r' O
17. Mock elections
' W$ z4 ~1 r* S* V% B
/ |) [6 w8 I0 ]. f7 r2 O# L8 U* eSymbolic Public Acts
( }8 s- G |3 K5 }% T 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ P2 v9 @* z) M. E5 ~
19. Wearing of symbols
; l7 u5 Q U* r, J+ `( W 20. Prayer and worship
, j* J" S' x. D& \5 q 21. Delivering symbolic objects. \* s% A# @ |( i+ S" S" m
22. Protest disrobings
) m6 T* L7 [5 A' ]! |: ]3 u 23. Destruction of own property2 d6 U8 w8 F5 R1 d- p; R6 c
24. Symbolic lights
& R5 [5 Q9 N& f4 m) D5 { ] ^' h/ U 25. Displays of portraits- @, [$ i( e" M5 W' J( r6 d
26. Paint as protest- z2 Q: [, x, i+ P5 K( r
27. New signs and names, ]3 P4 k+ K5 w; Q- I. T1 [
28. Symbolic sounds
& T# E8 q# J! @2 k: E 29. Symbolic reclamations
) ~! x% v# v& ]# H% X& ~ 30. Rude gestures
m" U. Q2 p, R* q8 m) f5 |+ z7 w* B( a- [! m
Pressures on Individuals0 ~* N g; X2 z m
31. “Haunting” officials
f! }' i$ K5 x& G) u 32. Taunting officials d+ v7 L, k0 V% s) [
33. Fraternization
; T( a& P) o$ h* L; R 34. Vigils
4 k) m7 y$ w& y* ?6 l
% l# F+ V& y8 vDrama and Music* o8 v! w7 o J+ Y- s
35. Humorous skits and pranks
b( b* R: v7 i6 E# o 36. Performances of plays and music6 A' F# ]7 U3 n2 E; H) Q6 T
37. Singing
0 V* x; c M( D9 s. ?* N' \8 j" K* B2 R6 |; X7 q( X. i& A1 G
Processions6 g0 ^- `9 J" G4 X, N
38. Marches+ s; B- I+ B, S: I+ L( t
39. Parades
3 M2 e& M& V2 l0 D/ Q0 Q. ^6 u 40. Religious processions/ c0 D- E+ Q/ ~1 F; b% T4 R
41. Pilgrimages
9 H) r$ B# b+ M* z; G# _+ x 42. Motorcades2 a3 g6 k, |; t, G% J
8 E" e% p- ~9 @4 ]2 Q
Honoring the Dead
3 G2 P3 h* r6 q+ u' @* } 43. Political mourning
% P/ z6 w" f! M$ `5 @7 b 44. Mock funerals+ N' @9 m' K* {5 L5 j' E
45. Demonstrative funerals
" ]# n9 }* t7 {9 Y9 w 46. Homage at burial places2 v3 k0 H+ t- j2 E! \$ [ o
4 x% q; r( }5 `+ v
Public Assemblies/ L- ~1 ]# T. O. {3 C$ \
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- [* [' t7 X9 E8 @4 m1 p$ M 48. Protest meetings
. t4 t; |1 p2 w, e, J7 N, e; w, s 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ ? P, X8 {1 j0 c; K
50. Teach-ins
5 ^7 w- F, r, d2 _ `# q" W
/ ~5 i9 v( p; t a" OWithdrawal and Renunciation
A1 w3 F, ^* ?0 k) G; b 51. Walk-outs+ v5 R. G1 v1 z" q9 x- r' b6 R8 y# d
52. Silence
6 Z3 }: O5 g5 S1 c* B* k! n 53. Renouncing honors d! Z6 v y2 Y
54. Turning one’s back3 a7 p E5 }; K. i9 o
4 ] `% ~+ a) \/ J5 I9 p' w 4 G# _: y( O$ t& ^5 u) h
w. @2 K* J# [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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& G/ \! b6 Q/ a) A$ N& ]7 }
( B# [7 b/ }) K) @$ EOstracism of Persons# s3 H' h' f- v# }
55. Social boycott
8 N. O4 M' R/ N6 J, d3 M 56. Selective social boycott
^% `1 J! a1 e m 57. Lysistratic nonaction
# P; q( G2 V$ i# ]- f% Q 58. Excommunication
! ~5 j2 v& i8 }3 f5 R 59. Interdict" P, j" _9 G5 J- ~. s# J7 J% s
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( r0 |- `* e3 b
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 O4 H _" o: [0 F! ]3 F* }1 k
61. Boycott of social affairs" V \$ g0 z3 B+ ^) P$ [& z; y/ C
62. Student strike
9 i/ Z" Q: j" G0 l- H 63. Social disobedience$ E: b; T# f8 n7 G, W1 |0 E; q; G
64. Withdrawal from social institutions# F1 p0 u, n, x4 ]5 Z2 g# s
0 ]0 j6 J6 Y7 J4 @
Withdrawal from the Social System
" A1 m$ X W" z- F; [4 L1 T 65. Stay-at-home+ H4 o" W r ], |5 z) v
66. Total personal noncooperation4 }, e% q* C+ J# }$ k
67. “Flight” of workers7 J/ A3 d- `6 s( }7 N( z
68. Sanctuary3 r, t0 `* Y) o% u
69. Collective disappearance
* W2 i( Y% D$ T; | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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# \" Q9 _! R1 W' w9 K/ xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
% ~* m* r' N! v! V
2 ~& w% w' Q2 |0 N + c, w- u% {) g1 ~" P" Y" m
Actions by Consumers
6 |, I. t( o9 F } 71. Consumers’ boycott
8 c% ~% I" S G/ X( I6 T 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& U9 L, c) ^9 V2 Z& |0 u 73. Policy of austerity& M. q, _( [: }; c5 y; S
74. Rent withholding
# \# ~$ c( e( V$ @7 h6 t& ] 75. Refusal to rent2 M, o5 K: T& s, i$ I
76. National consumers’ boycott
. v& ^6 q8 }8 N 77. International consumers’ boycott5 t% _4 y8 i0 Y( C' ~! O
; ]4 r4 x. h$ V# V2 V* k4 v; @6 J
Action by Workers and Producers2 _. o1 Z6 a: t/ O) x/ E% z7 O
78. Workmen’s boycott
1 \* S5 k; v9 x5 U! @& q( L- ^$ I 79. Producers’ boycott: \- }6 v4 S! _* {+ N: l# P E6 V
" E6 [% a2 i" b2 }+ C" DAction by Middlemen! M4 ?6 S- y5 u4 X* {' F
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' l. D( _8 Z8 T' i5 y
5 @1 D3 e6 ?2 N
Action by Owners and Management2 e8 Q9 X- ?1 j$ K! ?
81. Traders’ boycott" A. B+ T4 r0 D% g A) ?$ v
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ Q( z0 i7 g& X8 i 83. Lockout
4 V& t0 s w6 x+ l, E. j& n- L0 t 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 b' O- V9 }( }) j4 _' |
85. Merchants’ “general strike”' M3 N6 u2 |6 }! |6 t4 w; o
0 F7 X% q& T/ _7 f% KAction by Holders of Financial Resources
1 o' Z( V( {5 H 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) c0 a% `1 G f: F. T! r" |/ } 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& @$ z, E. E/ V 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: C- d0 {' ]+ D8 ~" t
89. Severance of funds and credit
& U0 g i& w6 y* ? 90. Revenue refusal7 f) b* L3 h/ J, e- p: p
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
; W9 s4 N8 s7 W$ | 92. Domestic embargo( \) C( D3 r: I6 d2 n9 G: T
93. Blacklisting of traders; p1 f0 c# t9 j# d4 y2 {
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ S* H$ O% L3 u# Q 95. International buyers’ embargo
" r% M; s* N" c) c 96. International trade embargo3 p4 D k* x6 p. i; g
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. C9 t3 `& S* E8 t6 {$ L" d7 ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# _; O% d! G- E2 f! C
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Symbolic Strikes& \( v4 T3 c4 A, j4 y0 k
97. Protest strike0 k6 [2 w" i- U7 E( V1 L
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ O& v4 u8 W& K
F4 p9 w# U" I+ a( NAgricultural Strikes6 e( _( Y& H7 g9 M3 t3 ^
99. Peasant strike a! {. f4 k8 l5 |! ~" {; q, U6 d
100. Farm Workers’ strike
- r4 s4 O0 H6 a2 q. `8 p' s& W8 f |6 t& p, R7 a. P i [
Strikes by Special Groups3 X5 r; K: u$ A+ `& e
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 V: c: p* d8 F+ z 102. Prisoners’ strike
* s: i7 S0 l' Y* h0 T: V 103. Craft strike3 B5 ~' F0 }# r# _9 T6 C5 U3 U
104. Professional strike
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 |# r5 D3 B2 w) `+ O 105. Establishment strike# G/ Z7 D0 s5 {% E7 J9 S
106. Industry strike
E8 Q! }# d4 t0 e& \; B 107. Sympathetic strike
: |1 W- j: t e+ E. {6 n
1 x/ D# {0 o+ ~/ F3 _Restricted Strikes
2 K! j, w" r6 u' m9 C 108. Detailed strike
+ Q& D- l& t% C8 x t v 109. Bumper strike* p: T3 q/ k; r, F& m
110. Slowdown strike& p0 A; X+ r# @( B4 }4 d6 R# v
111. Working-to-rule strike% Y+ @/ S2 L, F& S4 J
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)$ z9 ` S3 d& k8 c, E( X
113. Strike by resignation3 A" l f* ^) V- I
114. Limited strike$ g" v5 f% V& m2 \# h
115. Selective strike! o4 n3 r" U" F0 P, e
8 z* j! Q- @" {* l7 ?+ ^: |Multi-Industry Strikes
5 i, W: D) ]/ {9 i7 Y1 x
7 K% R9 b3 G9 {8 z 116. Generalized strike. a, W! c* x+ X, W4 y# ^% T
8 I! T/ T: B* y; I( X 117. General strike; x1 t! T: Q$ ^
+ ?9 C/ v+ ^0 {- m/ Q" T+ m
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 J& u* K3 b X3 P4 H. }; b# t. s6 k8 r0 r+ r7 l
118. Hartal
_# J9 a' l- @
# |3 q% k) z+ m 119. Economic shutdown* B1 z, M4 u0 A* U3 a* A4 x, U
7 }8 w3 I: w+ c, o( b- k $ y$ H& E' \9 f; z" ~) _
1 X O2 N( H' d. w
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority" Q5 p/ F7 z- G" F9 v% ?" h
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ g- t5 c4 R+ r7 U+ |* G 121. Refusal of public support
! J" j2 l# a# q; z' u 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 H: g( l& D% L9 n4 m
0 _ M$ ~+ z: Z2 V+ |
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% l* d0 S( h/ }9 j/ n 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ {3 Z; ^' \3 w( x/ E: G 124. Boycott of elections+ w, t5 s: |" s: |6 o
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 ]$ ?7 u, F4 ?2 X3 h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! e x p; M. H ]# J& [
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# b; ]5 \% u6 p+ j
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ f( e# T0 \; c; G& S$ Q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 e& W1 c l S2 N* G S# Z5 r( |
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 L$ `3 y# ]5 A) U# t 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" D: e$ K( g2 V+ b5 ^4 J 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions y3 v6 H) b2 u- z) n
$ h/ `1 E$ E* l5 z$ e( K: F o/ `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 U/ u' i' s" E$ O0 O, J, h' n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance& \4 ~. s; O- t! Q `! B: v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ I) g3 e- t1 f 135. Popular nonobedience
& j) D/ P* l- B2 x: M- L& ~ 136. Disguised disobedience
" ~ f/ I& [0 |8 k& }7 J 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ Q' |& p8 m4 _5 x( H+ Z
138. Sitdown" G. i0 c1 r& V4 u4 b7 N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' ~# L+ ^& V& a9 }
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities i3 p% X/ y t# b" ^) L3 u
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' P2 B: D/ {9 ?3 j
, D7 K6 }& Z- u2 w8 a5 Q% G7 [0 I+ I
Action by Government Personnel
) K5 }: [/ B! D/ c5 w) ^) n$ t, d 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 k$ @5 q3 F( p/ b8 S 143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 t! _6 Z9 o4 B' g% m1 r, M
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 j+ [$ b2 N; `: n& P' @, d- h% ] 145. General administrative noncooperation
4 T, E q+ t) `$ J3 d7 ~% E1 F. W7 p7 N5 z2 q: p5 ]7 x
146. Judicial noncooperation
- N; n( t/ D5 L7 P7 \8 A 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 g/ n% ~7 T# I8 q& m
148. Mutiny3 a; X) M6 @7 f- w, k4 W9 h* t3 y
Domestic Governmental Action
/ k% w# u1 E/ w) N" g 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) `2 O* u; j1 T! T1 E' k5 E$ [$ P) f0 a
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 U3 u! D# `# U( t8 @4 ^0 }3 N4 w2 |2 y6 i" P& \, f1 u. s
International Governmental Action
7 n/ h4 M; q- m$ u; {3 a 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) a% M5 W1 \6 _# O7 |; m4 h, O9 F. N
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# b% ?, S2 }+ P& i
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( Y [ U U& Z- Q9 D# J5 t
154. Severance of diplomatic relations, l4 U* C) F; E4 V F
155. Withdrawal from international organizations- L0 `5 Z5 u* U2 h& P, a
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 [. j& X6 i( d) ~3 y
157. Expulsion from international organizations& n9 B( [4 [% l8 ?+ T% w
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+ b$ o, ]! O5 }- z
4 \* Q" e K( P; k. H: U/ M
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention) h% ~8 M2 f& l2 s: i
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 o7 C. i7 s Y: o1 E 159. The fast
$ A' R2 M9 b' D3 j a) Fast of moral pressure# U; p+ o5 S7 X0 O" M
b) Hunger strike8 O9 [9 h0 `- y; s
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ j1 F7 x, \' O4 Y- k1 i4 ] 160. Reverse trial: ]& ^! a$ a/ N9 y V: J
161. Nonviolent harassment
1 I, U; V- k$ v9 v6 K5 r0 h9 d6 _" G2 Y
Physical Intervention
8 p% G% z4 t3 w. b6 w+ f! e) W 162. Sit-in
. C: ~( V! _# t5 x) r5 Q5 N7 d 163. Stand-in& e- M9 I) H- B
164. Ride-in! h0 [! X5 t: U% y: \
165. Wade-in
m8 Z5 S3 C2 x! Q- c+ ?% E# m3 x 166. Mill-in& o* Z9 t) C& Y0 T
167. Pray-in( I0 F" {4 n' y% D+ u
168. Nonviolent raids; G; n! H% R' H
169. Nonviolent air raids' b6 R3 K- y" C) L5 A* C2 B L) Z
170. Nonviolent invasion5 U' G/ Q8 i. Z6 t
171. Nonviolent interjection
( n2 v% q2 ]' V' ?- {* a8 R 172. Nonviolent obstruction1 O. w* u! p; J# f9 {' y) Z
173. Nonviolent occupation
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! j5 G* v# H" K1 b# SSocial Intervention% y: r: ^/ g, x5 l
174. Establishing new social patterns/ j! \- A2 R2 x
175. Overloading of facilities
- y d8 [8 O$ T k5 r* C 176. Stall-in3 \# e, y c. N
177. Speak-in: i, h0 O" `- K% R2 t- a
178. Guerrilla theater3 P& e/ g* |: J) h w
179. Alternative social institutions
/ L* k# P# r3 A% \ V* `5 X 180. Alternative communication system0 o/ T Q9 W; }, y- t& C% Z! y
% n# C" ~3 M; P! p# `Economic Intervention
5 c% u( V% c( X5 g, Z 181. Reverse strike1 d9 _3 _3 E0 L! Q& L
182. Stay-in strike
; R/ j/ { E, h" X; E' B1 P: B 183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ Y; f- I) D+ _. B- v 184. Defiance of blockades% x7 {6 R) z# i8 x/ K$ ~7 h" l
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ L- y* O% d- V4 Z- Q3 Z1 O4 `' u; p 186. Preclusive purchasing
" h6 W, G" A: m* S 187. Seizure of assets1 m0 w4 V, _0 Q M
188. Dumping
, D0 D# ^- r, i4 _1 e/ l 189. Selective patronage
, \% t0 `% z) P w 190. Alternative markets
3 E1 \: s9 d0 ~1 _4 u/ s& U 191. Alternative transportation systems
; y7 Y. { h1 g: z2 q) |0 C4 ]6 a 192. Alternative economic institutions
2 i) X! j. L2 N! y) F! u4 N6 I) t+ A7 ^
Political Intervention! C9 ~4 ^9 f8 }) U) g. D" t
193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ i7 E" g8 ~6 [$ e! \" ? 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" j, z. k# w* p$ f) T% A% ~ 195. Seeking imprisonment
$ O+ x0 c6 h) D5 P8 N( @ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. j8 s$ P* }1 r, o 197. Work-on without collaboration/ m) t/ B% e$ ~3 }
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
