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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ D- V3 y7 A& ~/ }: _/ \Formal Statements
) L* o0 c! d. s 1. Public Speeches9 n& I9 B. y) k+ ~
2. Letters of opposition or support$ T7 V: s# T' n `7 {
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( H% k* A. a1 o" C# K% d
4. Signed public statements
5 o9 h0 h3 { o% t; [6 p 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
^+ b2 E4 {. ]% R- v) s 6. Group or mass petitions
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: n) ?. U! f l( j2 Q" QCommunications with a Wider Audience
# a+ ^1 s/ f! ?0 @2 V4 r% k 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' m( `% L5 h1 y$ `% ~1 L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 X( g3 R, o' k* \' [ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books A0 F7 v L# p, X) @
10. Newspapers and journals+ n. Y) g+ s! d
11. Records, radio, and television
- c8 q$ f4 r; d9 z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 f' O' f6 X, D; @! i. C
) Q" D0 P9 s! {7 v# P' h
Group Representations
1 }& t M4 P3 ?8 m, g K 13. Deputations
3 e7 f7 o) r- g0 q( v 14. Mock awards; W2 s2 j3 o3 t- O Y
15. Group lobbying
) J7 r9 f7 x q' P! M2 S 16. Picketing
# f5 E0 _# e( Q$ R j" u6 u4 X 17. Mock elections
$ Z* m( I0 U, G6 l( Q' a1 e: w; ?0 e& Z1 c
Symbolic Public Acts
. o" {. N6 u; t& ^& ~ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ u( Q. B1 ]( m1 W. I$ n# b
19. Wearing of symbols! q0 u9 o# T- t1 l# o* u2 r+ X
20. Prayer and worship
( m K! o& v, o; ^: U+ O 21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 }0 x/ p( W% Q' D 22. Protest disrobings( D0 u3 H/ |$ E% G/ N
23. Destruction of own property
( z+ f8 I3 n9 S9 q2 ^* k 24. Symbolic lights8 w: J6 T& C$ `4 z/ w
25. Displays of portraits! e" V ~ d/ q, K" f9 `. u
26. Paint as protest
4 q9 ]" W# M- m# w4 E! q( p: C 27. New signs and names6 [* ~# l- J7 G- K1 U4 E
28. Symbolic sounds
- c, y- r9 l: ~/ {' Y& G 29. Symbolic reclamations
4 F% l, N' _7 Z' C. X _ 30. Rude gestures
7 S I5 d$ `* l- Q# ~( x6 r, n& r- X3 C9 a) I3 s' b$ j
Pressures on Individuals0 [; h* ]5 W) \. s* S1 _& [ I2 ~
31. “Haunting” officials
3 Y3 D/ J) k1 r8 ~ 32. Taunting officials
: ?2 g* l. C5 x, \8 y 33. Fraternization
& g) Y( [+ ~2 e. j0 ~ 34. Vigils
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. G- T- N2 e! w9 m, WDrama and Music" {' k% s# q4 }. D; Y$ l$ A
35. Humorous skits and pranks" n% @. q8 L! } g2 C
36. Performances of plays and music L* ?; X- I/ B# {( `8 l
37. Singing; H+ Y+ z0 d( C- P
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Processions
" j6 T+ G: d3 q2 K* Z0 |5 d8 Q 38. Marches9 U' {1 K! M. b% M0 M& B4 \7 ?. ?# k
39. Parades
3 N' J4 ^, ~& @0 t& C 40. Religious processions
! C0 d1 t6 z2 ^ 41. Pilgrimages! }% M7 m" I; }/ t( g9 Y' w
42. Motorcades7 |2 L" y; `# v8 [
j5 [# V& k8 l9 o: ^Honoring the Dead( i/ Z1 h3 o$ q/ m4 y5 _1 B
43. Political mourning
- q+ b; m8 y1 a 44. Mock funerals
y+ m" P" w+ }/ z/ U. I 45. Demonstrative funerals$ m9 Z( J. M& R0 }
46. Homage at burial places O! {* j3 y0 t& L8 B
& U, G6 z% F, E9 jPublic Assemblies
2 p) U2 g* q# q: K% X+ m 47. Assemblies of protest or support
" l" H2 V* m3 n 48. Protest meetings5 T0 C( v& u4 X1 g2 V$ a1 F- X
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* C" q9 ]5 u1 f: [) O 50. Teach-ins
2 r8 k# i) ]: E/ z5 C
' ]& G; }; U# Z/ ~Withdrawal and Renunciation
, l: u6 R) h/ Y 51. Walk-outs; `. \- Y) C2 ?5 ~3 M5 v
52. Silence! o' p6 M x0 `9 s
53. Renouncing honors
3 l8 d; `- ?/ B, Z; b 54. Turning one’s back
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7 Y2 A O& j: J! o+ \ o0 s. BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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, N& L' D0 f9 h" p5 XOstracism of Persons7 y: N9 a" \- ^/ v
55. Social boycott' d+ p& n% C7 h5 @! L' @
56. Selective social boycott' n( w y1 v m ~7 |. }
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 c0 Y9 ~; J( |) k9 r: P1 p 58. Excommunication
9 \2 b. Z7 ^( t 59. Interdict- s$ _9 G0 K0 m; R" d& i9 c
1 T9 a# j: v5 P0 h4 @7 P: v6 eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: W3 S" e q4 L$ o7 m( ~; G- j7 `
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( d6 H/ ~% L8 ]1 F# `& z" W 61. Boycott of social affairs' d% Z5 Q9 V" q/ l
62. Student strike" {9 T1 `7 Z! D+ ]( h2 g) f. e" [, o
63. Social disobedience- O( m6 \5 {) T4 @3 a" x% C
64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 Q! E. G% K# B$ ?' N2 N
9 l& M; x' U7 ?, r4 L# a9 _Withdrawal from the Social System- k) }% Y( R: c8 r( E& z
65. Stay-at-home
3 c# H! g5 z U' I# ?; T 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 a5 B C) i5 K2 t 67. “Flight” of workers0 m) |$ g6 C" u- _7 ?# q6 S
68. Sanctuary
4 E3 R+ l+ ~* V! b2 b 69. Collective disappearance& C) f% Q$ @0 B" C% w0 w' {4 I' W
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 L! G$ U7 @ y2 o a9 d8 R
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, T. x) F9 W- e: `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- L4 k, u) _( K2 E: V
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Actions by Consumers! L/ L1 ?, }/ x0 ?2 `& L! {, H
71. Consumers’ boycott, E" h5 S+ l- `( I0 f6 u! d9 Q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 b6 E1 [8 k( [ 73. Policy of austerity+ g' w( o# E2 D" K
74. Rent withholding
+ b. z2 \9 C8 E) t1 t6 } D 75. Refusal to rent* J/ Z, ~8 O" ~( V; p( k
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 m- j0 h3 ~* z$ t1 T! a 77. International consumers’ boycott! b$ k6 [; ^* W
; m7 l& s8 M; M1 o) ?% H
Action by Workers and Producers
1 {* j6 s1 z8 C5 P7 r 78. Workmen’s boycott
1 }; x M( E* h" O/ ]8 j 79. Producers’ boycott; e" D( W H4 F+ z+ I' Q
, ?& W- m; h, ^9 B0 IAction by Middlemen
& N- g- a+ ~# _! i X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! }/ x7 W) V% A$ X
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Action by Owners and Management u2 n8 Y7 s9 ?" f5 z' \3 x2 `& t
81. Traders’ boycott
% m& `2 D: Z) z+ r3 }! s3 ? 82. Refusal to let or sell property
: V7 @8 m0 n7 D) d) { 83. Lockout
/ ^5 o8 k) G5 |: z- ?; D. `0 }- ` 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 k3 T' e2 E( M$ ` 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; c7 P0 H1 O( y U$ V( ? 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" E" p8 X9 D- x9 s0 D% E: \1 ~
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ Y1 C% K2 a, r% z! d% \" }* [2 I
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
V) L4 J/ A6 e3 b2 P 89. Severance of funds and credit& d, t/ j0 R* J, A4 U5 v
90. Revenue refusal6 w9 b/ y# ~: _5 u
91. Refusal of a government’s money& _/ A5 j/ i$ J( }3 V4 a
* t* l2 l i7 k, `5 vAction by Governments
; P Q' a! U9 G9 `' H# L3 H 92. Domestic embargo# N' q8 y% N% r
93. Blacklisting of traders6 I# ~1 u& d; x$ _. X+ z G" D- s
94. International sellers’ embargo
' ~! Z: q/ Q4 p O2 k 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ B7 F: M7 `& S' Y 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# Y) j5 s7 G4 R0 q6 { Y
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Symbolic Strikes
* k' A) `/ j, }1 p; O- `4 ^ 97. Protest strike$ s% C# B3 X, i U( \- I3 r
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 A/ k% { b$ D; k
* [7 q7 [" x* L) Y' CAgricultural Strikes; u( a5 c' d* O2 o9 E
99. Peasant strike
3 {' y; k0 m( S! b 100. Farm Workers’ strike2 Q$ U4 ~- t' @8 J/ _( e% K
+ L2 e y/ Y$ P! V' I# O
Strikes by Special Groups
7 v |: R* A3 }; e6 Q& j. t1 W8 h 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 N1 ?6 j) t4 R* f. W
102. Prisoners’ strike
9 x' |2 ?( F, F0 Q, }5 Z 103. Craft strike" o2 `$ \1 y% t @2 {( p' q
104. Professional strike
) S7 c8 l- n/ Q+ h
) ]/ V) k& \) O8 YOrdinary Industrial Strikes
: p! N3 }8 W; W v0 x& v! u7 W 105. Establishment strike( h2 e( y; v7 ?, o3 F' K) j
106. Industry strike
3 [. {' b6 y$ G" p. a8 r/ x 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes6 W( h s/ m$ r: F% o& O' J7 `
108. Detailed strike
8 ^* C+ u$ K& M( Y8 f 109. Bumper strike6 T% A/ V4 Y* U1 j1 D
110. Slowdown strike: v& Z& I0 i5 t( a: w
111. Working-to-rule strike; a0 C% T. h% R1 M
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( R3 S4 P" Q* t 113. Strike by resignation
$ p1 ~5 F3 ?! {3 K/ z 114. Limited strike& X& b1 W, J M) o: S1 B+ e# M: r8 P/ b
115. Selective strike8 x/ ?# Y; T$ ` s) g
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Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike8 I# U) a/ t4 n" q9 h) {
8 y, J" m) P% y7 T 117. General strike
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' ]0 y2 E2 X5 S, F0 ]/ HCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ k7 A) `) E% _& E7 L
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Rejection of Authority
" B! u! E. R: K 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance i2 R$ u! {- b9 g' D( n
121. Refusal of public support+ ^' [. g: Z2 x+ E
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, g2 m9 n* L2 f X: @* f) v8 @
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) _) y/ F$ j7 k# \6 l- W( R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 V8 Z8 F4 J& W6 d# ^- L. @
124. Boycott of elections
$ t S! r# L. n+ A5 I' E/ U; G/ [# v 125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 D; j8 p- B' L
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: f- _7 P0 V0 L 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 K/ G( r0 V+ L$ z, U/ C
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations }$ J: J. Z9 F, n9 E# ~. Y. t
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 F- l$ H% W4 S I7 ~0 X 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 N, L; j% S7 J6 E% x4 U( F q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 S% ]+ u/ d* p6 q- W* }6 H u& z8 { 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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8 Y; \0 H X* m; r) G fCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
d% ?+ _5 I! g; L* D8 b, j! F8 N 133. Reluctant and slow compliance# k- t% K+ d+ p! e* @3 i
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: D# H( R- c( i; M. J0 q5 v
135. Popular nonobedience" e* k. l% j: y1 s/ N; g$ ^) e
136. Disguised disobedience) W; _( e, @5 t( F" V7 l
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& d. H6 n e; l0 f, ? 138. Sitdown x( X8 T7 u4 e0 W \ _
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' A6 V' @5 {& k+ b( J/ {+ Z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ b+ m0 H( ?5 `2 ^6 J+ y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel `+ s3 s4 L3 G
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ @$ u- _; u0 q. M. g" E 143. Blocking of lines of command and information' T. R2 n( I4 a' k
144. Stalling and obstruction! W$ v# e" j, n* {' Z
145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
/ Y& e& a1 x5 ^% \6 P 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) g, G8 [/ f2 G9 t, ^; ^" ] s
148. Mutiny2 j; V! O& R6 `+ i5 G5 t
Domestic Governmental Action( X# V) [. w# C, w G: f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# o! s8 Q5 P i% t! R {# n 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) l9 P( o% L% s3 v x" C
: {/ U! _! \" k! o6 p* \International Governmental Action9 }7 M' B! {& }: p% {
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 A. }& [4 |7 h1 X1 L6 A 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- W L# u3 A0 ?2 d& I% G 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 c* J7 [0 b6 |+ N 154. Severance of diplomatic relations% ~9 B* y9 J. A
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
0 l3 _) B, y# P' H8 S7 y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ C, O$ @8 V! a: _1 j 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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2 {9 R5 s# O+ p. R; e. kPsychological Intervention
* g! t N4 ^0 v' v 158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 P8 O1 s& \1 Q% U7 E" y0 e 159. The fast
5 Q% J1 s8 i- f. z" A* s& F a) Fast of moral pressure9 E4 v6 u$ I2 d: A' W# d( z
b) Hunger strike
, |( T: C* J4 ~+ T6 v! V c) Satyagrahic fast
7 m& B4 Y+ s% w 160. Reverse trial9 m9 E1 }7 |2 o% u/ m) {, p( `4 U6 Z
161. Nonviolent harassment
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5 j; N# s4 C/ a3 rPhysical Intervention
% _5 i# [% a6 w" p1 G' D 162. Sit-in7 H1 i; i/ l. w# A9 [
163. Stand-in
8 [" w+ }: C, [) \5 P 164. Ride-in q+ D4 G) n$ Y" l
165. Wade-in7 W) j8 X) l3 Q6 f; z3 L2 i. w
166. Mill-in% L- v8 c$ q/ I2 k7 H) j# ~2 E
167. Pray-in7 g3 z$ A# K8 k" g4 j) D4 z2 ]8 _! v
168. Nonviolent raids
+ D2 _- p/ X& e5 i! m 169. Nonviolent air raids
- S# G; N- S+ I$ f4 K+ F: v) D* G 170. Nonviolent invasion. R P4 A: r0 u0 \
171. Nonviolent interjection7 i1 s. w/ T1 i, Q8 M& e
172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 n1 X" Z3 L/ z. F 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention H. n! x( o" L6 I" ^6 P
174. Establishing new social patterns
" a8 k! g0 Q' W5 i* g8 i! H 175. Overloading of facilities' E/ I# M5 @8 N/ f
176. Stall-in
b* }4 X: d( r% U3 `* p 177. Speak-in
9 [, ?! g( ~) U! \7 d" L 178. Guerrilla theater
( p9 A. }, I c7 J6 Z 179. Alternative social institutions2 o8 V3 R0 v J; W ?' c5 `
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
( @: y, ~9 a5 F 181. Reverse strike; _# n! ]! h7 u3 G6 h' Q$ G
182. Stay-in strike# U* n0 S' V x( Y+ m" R
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. @, G1 T9 g) ~9 ^# j0 e 184. Defiance of blockades6 q8 {% `4 L6 W; h, b4 q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 I3 l% S& [- Y" A% f* k
186. Preclusive purchasing
' X, E8 F2 x3 N8 K: j3 R 187. Seizure of assets
8 m4 i% T, o7 _ 188. Dumping
* X; r' \) x7 L% i- Y 189. Selective patronage
) ]: ~9 O; s* ]6 i2 u 190. Alternative markets1 a* g- P5 c6 t) W; D% J2 l# j
191. Alternative transportation systems* S' ]4 O& J) A9 a" K
192. Alternative economic institutions; K! O; a+ g* t1 p' V
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Political Intervention P' G3 \2 d- P1 T# [3 G
193. Overloading of administrative systems
* {* w/ [/ y8 e6 ]" o 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 B) F# s9 }4 W+ n* X
195. Seeking imprisonment
" V$ t& p1 {! Y* I* } 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; ~& O/ B+ n. p9 ]$ _2 G6 B. w% R
197. Work-on without collaboration0 f3 O! n( y: {. [" Q0 }
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
