 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* z2 K" y9 ^+ W }* V4 `
Formal Statements9 X- ?: k% G( B' H
1. Public Speeches6 o( q8 i1 O8 g: v. U8 L; Z8 ^! n$ f) ~" R
2. Letters of opposition or support
/ J% \8 M; c/ c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. j z2 R) c7 }* F9 w
4. Signed public statements: i) L+ h% o" z6 j
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% ]4 K2 F2 h8 m1 Y5 A) D' E 6. Group or mass petitions
5 n4 z3 Y1 e& f1 f: J
6 _# \# X2 O( p3 m: tCommunications with a Wider Audience) Y/ j- ]$ Q& U+ ?5 q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, K4 L( A. O$ P0 N9 L7 i& _* t
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; g3 v+ j" a4 F0 f6 |0 Z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 j& a# k; p: D8 ~! c
10. Newspapers and journals i/ n: f7 D1 s; Q, [* E. M
11. Records, radio, and television( H9 T* b0 E4 e! V% T3 k/ ?
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" Z$ M( D9 ]' R& r# {, l. M- C7 g4 B
! M% c% \0 Y! P0 |* sGroup Representations
. [) N6 K3 S) H, P 13. Deputations
/ ^" Y: w% H+ L4 o0 e" m 14. Mock awards( }- }8 K: f: a6 }! f, ]7 D
15. Group lobbying
1 b1 @; Z- r6 r( b, S* n, C 16. Picketing
3 S7 `) L" b3 Y) e/ E) @! K 17. Mock elections
+ [" w! S' a2 G. p" g% t3 r$ n
+ L) z. g# m& Z8 _0 YSymbolic Public Acts- `6 Q7 K) @4 X b& ]
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% a( a& D8 a4 R8 Q 19. Wearing of symbols; g0 Z: A/ |* w9 k
20. Prayer and worship
8 k) @9 S, \4 l4 H$ c7 Z: v) P 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 k- C; v% z7 C' N) L* u* w 22. Protest disrobings
' W2 \/ E3 [0 ^$ N, M/ }+ j1 g6 G 23. Destruction of own property
# L& u$ S( S" S$ _5 b 24. Symbolic lights
( f O" S/ F2 l" g 25. Displays of portraits& T/ l1 Y# Y. h6 r9 h1 u: r
26. Paint as protest8 T2 m& s) W5 o$ T
27. New signs and names8 Y5 X+ E1 ^3 `1 l' \1 B
28. Symbolic sounds! j- n; u5 d9 G$ \# N
29. Symbolic reclamations
& W* P# E( b; R# _ 30. Rude gestures: }6 m/ C& P2 l; m0 Y3 t: {2 B" s
& U" H4 S( ]5 ^, ]; S9 i
Pressures on Individuals! N0 {6 {5 k$ u3 @
31. “Haunting” officials. B G* x; J, u6 Y! m$ f
32. Taunting officials
3 \* I$ ]# v* s 33. Fraternization( \* w8 D, S7 G+ T
34. Vigils4 D& Q) L. N5 l4 A: D- Y8 B
8 W, ^9 t' k/ B' @8 C% ]+ V& D) oDrama and Music
( `2 S9 A$ R& f+ o% O t2 z' c( ] 35. Humorous skits and pranks( c) p- [3 P/ g- I- c! m
36. Performances of plays and music
0 ~+ s( ^) d, S) B. j 37. Singing
# t+ d2 l6 B: l' y: M, y/ v$ ?
+ x, C* \. S. f! MProcessions
( E) K6 e7 R+ z0 z 38. Marches$ y/ ]* Z( T% k! g, R$ m
39. Parades5 z0 X! M# g, r0 r4 j2 ?9 W
40. Religious processions* _! l6 o5 {. Y# W: v8 Y1 y
41. Pilgrimages. R4 @3 s& P, D3 r: H/ @3 `
42. Motorcades
. u8 d# I& x8 x2 h$ r9 ?# C3 H: J/ ~, a! H/ Q
Honoring the Dead
, f; l! [' h- ]! x6 G' _2 x' `; j1 p 43. Political mourning
( ?: _5 j( C% V; P+ w, l* P7 ?" G 44. Mock funerals( ~! v# I+ z+ ~
45. Demonstrative funerals) z% {3 l, C6 G2 q5 x x' P1 c' `
46. Homage at burial places% O( f- J2 k8 D. W2 _# ~# x
$ D# j2 v6 w# }. k% e, w7 {Public Assemblies/ R/ E4 R4 `% J: Z
47. Assemblies of protest or support2 n0 v) B' u9 ]; N. p T
48. Protest meetings+ N3 u- I5 S( _7 a( M
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 t, ]! y: m" I7 |" G3 M& g. r 50. Teach-ins' w- S2 ` @' S9 u1 y
8 L c+ H1 I4 @( I, s2 U, ?Withdrawal and Renunciation
$ |0 e S! W k7 b$ y 51. Walk-outs
: N2 w/ v g$ v! W 52. Silence8 S& J2 W0 w! j0 Z
53. Renouncing honors
3 \# d- a5 ~" y6 M: I" L1 R2 K 54. Turning one’s back; P9 @7 f' G% P
6 C- K( S9 n( v* j
' r; a' ~2 N' S: o! k" m) X" B, \: n
" l- f9 J0 ?; e1 ? H. M) ~: FTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 m+ ~% u' d8 Z" h3 e5 j' i" w8 V3 _3 b5 S1 L
7 f' Q4 G. `/ G" u
: Q- |$ R6 |. P( Q4 }1 kOstracism of Persons
0 T- G" x# B+ N1 S* F 55. Social boycott
+ B, _ W# u0 d, p 56. Selective social boycott
& g$ Z: O$ F. `* x& K) N; |( O 57. Lysistratic nonaction3 R+ l2 s/ p' R" i* ?4 h0 [( G2 d
58. Excommunication" x. F/ |, K1 L: t
59. Interdict% K* o# x. S. _! A
) L' E9 z) m& x8 B
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* V" \. z) O# f, ]7 x. e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 R' H* L1 N( \+ O+ |6 z 61. Boycott of social affairs' L6 U5 p. r" a
62. Student strike; i5 R0 b3 o& l0 W
63. Social disobedience% m0 O( B) P" L2 T4 K- I: T. c4 ]
64. Withdrawal from social institutions1 K, z5 o0 m0 |3 y% k+ b* d
; X8 @$ O2 I5 T* F8 t
Withdrawal from the Social System4 R- W8 |3 B7 L4 l. G; v
65. Stay-at-home
, T% J6 _' P y5 V( M 66. Total personal noncooperation
% W0 C: Y' k7 |- J 67. “Flight” of workers' D* ~8 J4 A+ B% L
68. Sanctuary
; p$ a9 z0 T, U. @& L 69. Collective disappearance
4 {2 k, }/ K2 w9 R# O# o8 n; l+ u 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ i1 o! G) g% S* Q! z
* s) I+ ~8 P+ E0 _$ Q% y
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2 q" k8 |+ \( [" [& a7 DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 V5 A) U/ J% {$ J8 d- n
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0 _1 o$ C1 D: y6 f. nActions by Consumers
. j, c4 x1 @$ F8 u) U 71. Consumers’ boycott) I$ F5 s6 d$ j' L1 B `% _
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- H# J/ o9 ?" E" Q) Y' T1 `
73. Policy of austerity& |0 o! P* F# ~
74. Rent withholding
1 \' V3 U8 N6 m 75. Refusal to rent
i' S1 p" C$ b8 p- C/ @ 76. National consumers’ boycott& i1 C- Q4 _% f4 l& J( x- b, \ W4 p
77. International consumers’ boycott
* J: y3 N) k: ~5 S$ O, _/ o8 x2 a/ @- \
Action by Workers and Producers
2 U) M9 m3 Y/ H7 S" x9 P1 R 78. Workmen’s boycott# R2 N w+ L1 | `9 |, G; u, E6 a
79. Producers’ boycott' F! j, s+ E4 b4 y# o. t r
. ~1 d7 p$ A/ H- T* }( i+ w
Action by Middlemen
" `; b5 g5 C5 X% K" j" } 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 g, L! T7 `0 Q9 _) d& g
6 f/ l m" ]2 o: L" uAction by Owners and Management0 ~8 _; D2 U3 D+ g/ R% c
81. Traders’ boycott
2 I9 `1 I) L$ ~& V4 y; C1 | 82. Refusal to let or sell property4 m! u" D s' X3 S! |
83. Lockout
5 e0 B" W z3 |/ k. @9 F1 ? 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; c4 S* }$ A# r6 o 85. Merchants’ “general strike”* I. O9 h3 |4 X9 v4 ?
/ g, K' g" G+ P5 ]7 mAction by Holders of Financial Resources
% w3 K; a+ Q" e6 @4 r# S% ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: ~2 M5 k0 `# v6 S7 r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ ?7 D* [3 U6 p6 t4 {3 J
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 {. n1 E8 i, p9 b+ j3 ` 89. Severance of funds and credit
; F C# C) P$ F6 L+ v5 e% {/ j 90. Revenue refusal% {: _0 v' f! {9 D( V4 T; @
91. Refusal of a government’s money: {% d+ b. U# q
q& ~# G, p( }* oAction by Governments1 W; I$ _! g9 Z/ d
92. Domestic embargo# o3 K! f% N% [
93. Blacklisting of traders; W/ c' n! n Q1 b7 O
94. International sellers’ embargo O2 F5 I' G5 f; Z# S1 |/ C
95. International buyers’ embargo
" Q5 r* c+ u, D 96. International trade embargo
* ~! P* y- l: {$ G% y6 P# P6 t9 p1 ^. @' B1 c
5 B! N9 r0 d9 K5 Y3 Y
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 B- }' r$ ^; F B# d' B
* Y3 E) B1 X- T8 n: M4 ?9 x, `
) A. K4 `& Z( I8 _3 v( f$ FSymbolic Strikes! N, w2 ^; ?4 j
97. Protest strike
4 g: X/ v6 X" p5 j5 d; \ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, l0 Q1 p4 k ?4 w1 J4 u0 e0 `1 [; { z
Agricultural Strikes1 C( B% X) V/ ^; }' s* H
99. Peasant strike
: ]6 A6 y$ c* u5 g6 m* k. c 100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 f: P! o* ?4 g% K% V; W/ Z
( ?. x+ j; _4 y' X2 H) ]Strikes by Special Groups* [" k5 V! R. S5 Z% E3 N
101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 T2 v# Y. c, s& M" L: B+ r- c. t$ B 102. Prisoners’ strike) j$ _- w, F7 y, u. O
103. Craft strike
$ L5 c! ~. @4 Z8 D, m6 }5 M8 } 104. Professional strike8 y0 D, b4 C0 [5 W% R+ ^7 ?- o
! O+ J1 @) e: e8 M
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' l; f6 m# T. h% F- [ g' h 105. Establishment strike7 d- p8 o6 H% a2 [& T+ P
106. Industry strike
. g; B; C9 O. n' i7 a& O 107. Sympathetic strike
% [- I3 h1 H' Z7 z; T
# @/ I3 |5 k2 \4 Q$ v% t/ FRestricted Strikes6 m2 W9 `% d, }! U5 u+ }
108. Detailed strike
+ O9 z2 a6 n% C, t4 g1 a$ n 109. Bumper strike& T9 K. k+ _9 e) o4 T4 {- ?% r; |
110. Slowdown strike
! L4 j' y p' V Q9 ~/ b 111. Working-to-rule strike
N t9 Z' i2 z5 ~ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ I r' S9 {! u+ z S
113. Strike by resignation: X% U% a8 c& i6 B% U0 o
114. Limited strike
) S: i! m2 V9 L( [0 L0 i$ U 115. Selective strike
9 E5 m1 ~2 w! g+ Q1 g7 X. C4 x p7 p9 h) E1 N- N H+ e, D
Multi-Industry Strikes! ]2 u0 o; ]6 r
3 L) E [/ Q- j) ~* u' ? 116. Generalized strike( I! ^* q8 X% R% C+ N
+ w. a/ T8 G6 ^. P ?/ J 117. General strike7 t( ]) [+ [9 Q% h6 d- ?7 B
# {! G) A. |% m6 a: Q6 iCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures" q# f* d. D5 S% M6 O
0 P5 b. @+ t9 t) ?& P5 D 118. Hartal
$ i9 {% D1 _9 W$ M1 R; y; _; B! I! A5 s; B7 t e5 u+ J. o1 F; Y
119. Economic shutdown, A3 d3 Z+ T* Q# ^& B
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% h* n5 O) ?6 L) d" j5 Y# w
( O9 q( }. j0 Y+ c. |! X+ ]
/ C: M `. V) n' w' }! [Rejection of Authority
/ J" P$ b1 }$ N, G. Y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
, Y; L6 a2 E/ W1 o5 Z4 | E 121. Refusal of public support
0 U; U k0 n* O 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 x0 X3 {$ ]/ Q
4 t, I" h2 G1 Q6 j& c1 n0 r
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government' \, u; \- g7 R0 q& |% Z8 A; m
123. Boycott of legislative bodies: T. i2 S! k2 Z4 Z
124. Boycott of elections
- G& o* r, H3 S+ g3 b! N; | 125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 n2 R) m" x, X9 R6 P* p, f r% Q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 d7 l" R3 N5 M
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* [( t. P' }' R: y0 _
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' ^0 V7 y1 J3 ~# c: k
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 g/ C* u" D& |4 I# A4 \1 ^" } 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: q0 S- H! C \0 Z5 i" S 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 n8 N0 c" u- p" R' I: c. t 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ | M5 L m! j* m7 s
5 D9 l+ J# s+ T0 e# t) V7 e7 xCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- r4 t) |* G' N9 N/ ]3 i& u 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# F" ~2 N2 \* q; } 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. F m9 ~ J7 u& q4 v2 x 135. Popular nonobedience! L4 ~5 y# N+ d$ X3 x# F+ ^
136. Disguised disobedience
. M7 I) e6 ?' ?8 H" z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 s( g+ I4 s1 N6 X
138. Sitdown& p" S2 e( w# v9 i9 q: I# F
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 M- e+ \7 J" D, J
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ l" v+ J; u7 {6 b/ a
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) G/ c; r! O0 q, F w/ p
' j* S% E" K" t5 S0 M7 I
Action by Government Personnel
/ q& X% \- v$ Q) c9 d; z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 Y) x+ V# o/ y: @
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* `; Z X/ a+ U/ F! q 144. Stalling and obstruction s! h5 F- o" n, m3 S3 T% N
145. General administrative noncooperation
' ^0 S2 M3 _- T$ p9 X7 O. X: c9 S1 F' f& T# J: _: _
146. Judicial noncooperation# O( u: X* x2 h6 R
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# G) q ~. N5 a2 `: ?# A 148. Mutiny$ w, z. d0 M e3 o+ T+ h; a. A
Domestic Governmental Action- L4 l* i) y# Z7 @8 c1 Q7 K
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 i% ^, G8 ^% G0 X
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! v4 Y) n4 c+ N2 Y: j! M6 _9 F: i# Q" E
International Governmental Action5 Q# {1 ?' @- z/ Z* y7 P5 ]
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 r; @3 Z8 c7 i0 U 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 e3 r- h$ B/ H d
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 Y- E7 i% c6 e5 `9 I
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) X; L( \; ]( }2 d- p8 _7 U7 i- q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( S8 H z5 ^' K3 r/ L- G. I- s, n 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- \6 |2 a2 v+ s5 I
157. Expulsion from international organizations5 v8 c5 r2 F0 `! u3 d1 S# f
3 \. m3 ~5 f" P- ~' x. D8 O* Z
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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2 {' ?3 v( C3 B
, [8 Y' r; e- e+ lPsychological Intervention" I3 j, E7 w& q, u. A
158. Self-exposure to the elements3 g! F; E4 q8 O
159. The fast
4 B9 Q' \/ @' ? a) Fast of moral pressure
- Y! j3 } z& V/ {9 u, U- i b) Hunger strike
3 K: M" `$ w* j, ~7 J c) Satyagrahic fast# g/ E8 z) S3 u1 {5 Z& X
160. Reverse trial
; @0 H2 W. p- A+ s* ^6 V 161. Nonviolent harassment
% m' S( `( o* t" o1 n8 e5 w) X# D3 c) Q
Physical Intervention! [3 N4 s5 k. ` j% ]5 K( ?- C/ g: F
162. Sit-in( \; D3 D' s p$ U
163. Stand-in
$ G2 r& X8 b* b 164. Ride-in
4 P) n% a: ?. J 165. Wade-in1 z2 K; t: o+ W6 m6 x; w
166. Mill-in) o+ l9 r9 ]4 T
167. Pray-in
! H' g# T W6 b5 d& d: f% B 168. Nonviolent raids. E @8 Z0 h& s: N* D
169. Nonviolent air raids) G; w( V3 G5 O+ N
170. Nonviolent invasion
( H& b' H# G# Z7 M( g* C 171. Nonviolent interjection
+ R4 _' Q( H2 @ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
. S6 S/ y1 P0 S7 {+ T0 D) J6 C 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention+ N, N2 n# s& q+ W7 j4 _+ g2 C
174. Establishing new social patterns
i1 R# R2 W; P6 {% c8 R8 B6 n 175. Overloading of facilities
s2 _% P+ c8 n- ^ 176. Stall-in
+ }% ~/ K1 ~; p/ \# m6 @, j 177. Speak-in9 A% c* C4 a1 }
178. Guerrilla theater& j5 J5 ?& X7 p8 E+ E
179. Alternative social institutions0 u/ z# Y+ d9 K0 K/ I! j
180. Alternative communication system" R4 e* F! }5 d- A6 G
+ ~7 M) z E6 a& W( GEconomic Intervention0 ]+ C" p0 J+ t: c: U/ m3 a5 u
181. Reverse strike
. T7 x6 m9 q+ M( y6 `& V G 182. Stay-in strike
" K2 O3 \1 |- `+ ? 183. Nonviolent land seizure3 t+ i7 m( x) f4 \) _" q
184. Defiance of blockades
6 [/ s5 ]' O1 }2 q( _ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 V0 B' F) N# I# q2 H8 u X 186. Preclusive purchasing; f, q" e" i6 @5 y& l
187. Seizure of assets6 G. L1 U) T) J. w
188. Dumping) n- K) p# D* H
189. Selective patronage) b5 ^2 d5 R3 Z0 V1 y# k! G; D
190. Alternative markets
0 ^5 t8 G) z7 Q 191. Alternative transportation systems
+ d2 ^, h+ D- C- k 192. Alternative economic institutions
' p3 Q7 E6 w% r' M) c
P" \7 e' u: v9 M. d& K [, fPolitical Intervention
: Z; |) r8 {9 U! D/ t+ P" | 193. Overloading of administrative systems
# t4 p/ W1 A4 h& R 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 H8 b* d1 Q% f7 D; X
195. Seeking imprisonment! H8 Q, B6 p2 O* H( f$ y+ z" g" X2 c; A
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ M0 z2 T3 f7 C4 v' f 197. Work-on without collaboration/ N+ R5 U ]0 b5 I. C" g; k& \
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* u' N% B9 s3 G* o) C; c
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
