 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ J9 a( @7 |( m
Formal Statements* w7 A$ V1 N; T0 k, [
1. Public Speeches& W6 F6 \6 M5 s$ Y# h% ]4 I) K
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 k. g1 C1 {( }, a5 V; ^ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 C; F; Q$ m6 D 4. Signed public statements
: H4 q9 c0 h/ j6 S 5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 y/ Q/ @: }% J0 ?' a4 n; |; h
6. Group or mass petitions
6 z7 h- Q" M( Q, D
8 L! ^) E: x: }+ E% ^Communications with a Wider Audience
+ _4 v+ A% A) J/ J) Z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( H7 q3 f1 {) R8 J8 O U
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, V3 P! i" V& ?
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 g/ _, L$ ?4 H4 C& n 10. Newspapers and journals
" U1 d N5 o( ^% v" p' h. j- u 11. Records, radio, and television
3 ^# e) x3 ?, T9 J8 h 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ x. }$ h& x% @0 v# t7 H: X2 ]1 C2 u9 b, R% r/ y
Group Representations
1 N/ @& j' N; `* x 13. Deputations) _) H' a, |5 s' L9 ^' `5 j/ M j
14. Mock awards
/ M' Q( j, E& @) }2 s) E1 ? 15. Group lobbying0 Z8 F. ^; w9 U. J
16. Picketing
3 ?' H" u. c4 L" D7 _8 l& X' ` 17. Mock elections
4 K* k) R7 O& R3 d* Q# Z4 ^" i( {7 q' F9 X2 a
Symbolic Public Acts
. Z# Y( ?4 ~/ Q8 V 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 T" E' @1 D3 [1 A+ a, M/ X 19. Wearing of symbols
) j# r5 X! H: W: l1 n 20. Prayer and worship
: D- z3 x" Q! u" u3 f6 e6 R 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. q/ p& @1 r6 K- a) U% O6 r) n 22. Protest disrobings) x# h. u; l' p& [0 P
23. Destruction of own property. v1 _# v$ Y* x" e: z
24. Symbolic lights, }4 E" E; G, ?/ f1 q) V/ P
25. Displays of portraits
# c, o; |! i) a$ j 26. Paint as protest
* @$ x2 X8 e0 Z. d1 K 27. New signs and names/ f" N- Q: n! A6 m
28. Symbolic sounds+ ]' }/ d$ m4 M. P; A3 _+ M
29. Symbolic reclamations
* B8 B" x9 i1 T$ L6 w6 t 30. Rude gestures1 t0 ~- Z) J6 r0 m+ Z& r" n
3 H+ J* p+ z' Y* I& J5 b
Pressures on Individuals
, W/ X7 M) I8 r9 b 31. “Haunting” officials
! J. Y7 M7 g, c7 ? 32. Taunting officials+ @8 m! b, ^& t, K
33. Fraternization5 M- H" Y6 t5 w# B3 m- L
34. Vigils
" b% b4 P3 t: i
$ f6 t4 B5 z8 x9 ^: K6 eDrama and Music
/ A0 h# A; ?" ~9 V, ]5 W* U 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 T$ s2 T" T% I% V3 ~7 A 36. Performances of plays and music- T) I: ~. \6 e2 K9 z! I8 r' w
37. Singing1 x1 \* i9 F! a( Q% ~9 ?# T
0 C) P& ]- A" f; R/ `7 u9 _/ m
Processions
6 U! R9 z4 \% V, p7 I 38. Marches' i5 f+ I% y: W+ a% }2 i$ h: \: z
39. Parades
5 u2 s3 Y5 K# [; x5 i 40. Religious processions
* i z+ q: K% V# M' [( F 41. Pilgrimages. p7 S7 {9 m4 o' F1 D
42. Motorcades
5 B3 b _ S$ V& D
& d2 z. o0 \; n/ ], u" MHonoring the Dead" o1 Y# ~! J) B. ~
43. Political mourning' v$ J1 O8 W; A" H+ B
44. Mock funerals4 w7 J8 w/ t# ^& I, y7 M$ H
45. Demonstrative funerals! T5 t3 a% E6 {8 l$ E3 l( c
46. Homage at burial places1 g3 x9 ?. k% H4 w4 I8 e D
$ f/ J; h/ i2 DPublic Assemblies# c+ w+ y# X/ K T: ]- m
47. Assemblies of protest or support( `; ?- C, V; l& r
48. Protest meetings
) O9 e% [: H9 Y% r$ K& [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! }9 ^* s6 M, C4 ~/ H
50. Teach-ins$ `9 A9 M) f5 c$ |$ P& Q' }2 E
6 M1 J: m3 B9 Q3 F4 T* }: e! X9 ~' ~
Withdrawal and Renunciation
7 Y- |1 i% d8 n( z8 L& ?( C( E 51. Walk-outs J5 X$ d6 M X2 e( d1 G6 D s
52. Silence
, V6 Q, d# G( H; [# M3 G% I 53. Renouncing honors. H! l( E F) h5 L- F; o" R/ N3 A( I
54. Turning one’s back% i, p1 Q8 N/ g9 r2 m
! \) }( H3 _9 f& d. }6 s
" |- M' O5 {* x) X6 S4 n% P/ i0 [1 L! }2 }8 ~9 _' f
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" w. O4 M, f. Q( B2 T0 h5 g# i
9 D$ C# l2 M& B, ]; V) b& _
8 Z3 s# o$ _" m( S: ^/ X2 R4 W1 g0 I+ z5 F+ y+ F
Ostracism of Persons/ U/ s+ }8 q6 p# d z7 Q# b5 [
55. Social boycott% N4 `8 s6 S* y/ q) A2 D P
56. Selective social boycott
$ e2 b X3 T& A) B$ i" O9 ]# W 57. Lysistratic nonaction( v+ `: V8 [. L# `* g* P9 M
58. Excommunication
% u6 W3 L/ R$ d' w 59. Interdict6 O4 D2 h6 f8 L" ~# j
8 C2 j& h* A5 J2 ]3 tNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% ~" \4 m# ` F* N$ r# V
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ w9 l: j. U& I) r/ U. { 61. Boycott of social affairs1 `0 F' P5 ~9 D$ m$ g1 t
62. Student strike
7 K* B S. [" [ 63. Social disobedience9 S; O9 z) Q6 M% w
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
S1 s# X2 l2 H1 t8 `0 u/ q* N U; H2 ?3 z& d' ~# F
Withdrawal from the Social System
7 _1 b- k" \' A6 j 65. Stay-at-home
9 ]* ]: Y8 W- L 66. Total personal noncooperation; P: }. d% Y; b3 F) V( s- P4 P
67. “Flight” of workers+ y K& ~2 o. ~& w
68. Sanctuary+ T0 |1 e! d$ I3 j2 t" H! g/ u v$ K( n
69. Collective disappearance! T) B( b8 u( p1 A
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% a [& t, c' R8 g- a6 c6 A0 h( Q
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" ?' ]# u5 K$ x) W3 aTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 M9 M. S& `4 e9 C
1 s! e+ F8 \% u H. J1 ~ & f& f, F4 F# u) R0 ?0 ^
Actions by Consumers$ M, d+ A6 l& j
71. Consumers’ boycott5 S. x( D. j/ O( u8 O0 A
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) k3 ]) W) a! J 73. Policy of austerity, e0 x3 V) f5 M N7 a
74. Rent withholding
3 `$ W' i5 O3 y [7 m+ `1 F3 b- O 75. Refusal to rent' D" ~; n+ u4 P# b" L! x; D) l
76. National consumers’ boycott
. ~7 T! x6 }5 i* g 77. International consumers’ boycott- L# P6 n. b, I" C0 Z4 i
+ u+ ?8 v) L, M0 q& k- bAction by Workers and Producers4 X% ], }( Y( {, k
78. Workmen’s boycott9 J, H# r: k$ [8 c" f
79. Producers’ boycott
4 I& D+ t( W% R* n. P/ w/ k
' b! F* F5 o$ ?! KAction by Middlemen/ Y8 W8 a0 c2 z2 k P/ W! I: Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 f: T$ q9 y; j8 Z0 P( t+ `/ c/ ?
; y( l$ M( b9 z* T% D5 m' e
Action by Owners and Management' k$ r) {( p: P9 r: s6 v/ Z& L6 A; O
81. Traders’ boycott
! D4 q$ P9 X) ? 82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 y. c* B2 ~9 p. Z M j; p 83. Lockout
) x/ m% B( E3 h) D8 e$ T/ w; k# y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance% o# \" {8 }' h: r
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! U5 l: |" m4 C9 V. L2 v: g4 N
7 t: Y9 J6 g' [) D( l) F/ YAction by Holders of Financial Resources, n7 d/ H7 ~8 ^9 E2 T; y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ V% q# T1 `" j4 x
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 Q4 c* B% b( K$ G. K 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" t0 m; `4 f* |
89. Severance of funds and credit' w2 V+ |0 \* W3 J' ~
90. Revenue refusal3 }: j3 r n' x& Q6 @3 h$ j
91. Refusal of a government’s money+ V6 M' @8 s ]6 e6 x& I+ N, {
" \. ~+ V# |( V$ b$ EAction by Governments- M. i' \+ _" z7 R8 p0 T
92. Domestic embargo
) ]9 }( O: Z/ f9 f# H 93. Blacklisting of traders1 X! M6 H7 O/ L7 a+ `" M o! `/ K
94. International sellers’ embargo4 A3 A; l/ s+ _7 W
95. International buyers’ embargo
# I: N; z8 @3 c 96. International trade embargo
0 E- K* m! i3 y8 k- A+ m& _( t
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/ F5 E8 Q8 | {& U s: e+ ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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4 v0 d# T' |! U, w6 @3 Z . D/ f) ?5 p5 [& y6 T: d
Symbolic Strikes
+ v' k. I8 h7 X" j e6 Q0 K4 r1 t 97. Protest strike
7 W* J1 \% K+ E$ v$ M' x. t 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- G. N1 m8 X% k0 h7 `# E6 H- R
7 ]- w: S8 r9 g, M# V7 L* }Agricultural Strikes
7 v0 i* f" Q2 ^7 X( Q0 u- ^' K 99. Peasant strike
+ k% H! x: H" t" [. [1 R! ? 100. Farm Workers’ strike
! ^9 l/ y1 B! I' U; U' H, I9 r* e- r2 `; K+ K" d
Strikes by Special Groups
9 _; s1 V" l) S" ?7 } 101. Refusal of impressed labor& H6 C' z+ \$ e$ c
102. Prisoners’ strike4 O$ r/ |* F% v* S% g8 n/ s
103. Craft strike
/ R4 g3 w- v+ O 104. Professional strike
1 u0 Y9 P; J$ K1 O b3 K G1 h6 e
/ G! S! L! H3 ~* P" `Ordinary Industrial Strikes
M4 ?2 E; ^3 E& s& I 105. Establishment strike
4 L" a% t4 C1 R- _) D- @ 106. Industry strike
( { X! ]6 [7 |8 J- f 107. Sympathetic strike) F$ C U7 c) m
: J. q2 K% t! ?& eRestricted Strikes; ]& G% F( p0 ], I. {, W- m
108. Detailed strike
) K- j/ |( X8 ]5 r 109. Bumper strike: d' r: d5 t! ^+ [) F
110. Slowdown strike2 I: S; J( ~( s" u
111. Working-to-rule strike
! _" B8 z7 q7 ~ [ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- e# }9 v0 d$ r! B P9 t$ i
113. Strike by resignation7 y! U4 A* w( _. K: c
114. Limited strike" f- d5 d3 ]7 U5 O( U+ @+ \0 M: Q
115. Selective strike
2 E+ ]: @: q8 W% Z9 z1 r8 e0 ^) Z6 O3 o8 ^4 ^( E- Q
Multi-Industry Strikes
% I! y3 a" E0 d/ A5 [6 }# o) x4 t/ v8 s
116. Generalized strike6 E% U" U9 x1 p5 A0 I0 m& M; K
. [' x O+ l8 a6 a% \( D" J 117. General strike* ^4 y) j$ l9 U1 ^4 f" a
! T& u& E3 b2 P2 ?) m( cCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures" `, o3 l# ]" n- T
% [9 S. m5 b( \ 118. Hartal5 }6 ?7 h8 {$ ?# y$ ?1 ~! o/ i
" ~) c$ X, q U& |
119. Economic shutdown2 W/ k' ~ U% b! w
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. ~8 s5 V/ z; {8 m; q* r8 ?
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 n2 q, v( e X9 Z: `9 u
Rejection of Authority
& w5 f) f6 h3 F5 o/ @5 }- q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 i5 M( _( l v: D 121. Refusal of public support" ^2 p; g3 u& Y; L# v
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, w) C1 Q* k: d7 {& V0 M, M0 a
9 c) ?# g5 X& q# dCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 h9 F4 g+ y0 A4 O+ L- f
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" y3 ?1 M$ A% ?4 e, { 124. Boycott of elections
# K F7 w; @, A5 `, r5 T 125. Boycott of government employment and positions! S/ A) H/ z; E& _5 i* ?
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies8 I ?' a& N9 r* Q7 r. l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- J1 R8 M! F9 A; J( u
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: J' l/ G! ]- q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 n7 g& ] d( s! Y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! g# e( r9 J _2 U$ F' f" |0 g2 x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ y+ A# @) w/ n& G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 E) b2 v2 j* d0 z0 P6 a6 V+ V3 D: s/ a6 I- r5 m
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ M* Y) v) }* k3 z, D4 L% p 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
S8 I) l/ l: }7 L 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! @4 D* j- [1 X 135. Popular nonobedience
; o d- g0 x% t) R0 ]+ c+ L& R 136. Disguised disobedience
4 \3 R O E) F- k 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. R6 w9 k& J% r+ |( k$ ? Y" x* F 138. Sitdown' @+ o \& Q7 |5 b1 L( E( g
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 K6 y( {7 W V
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( \& d$ q3 ^8 Q; }
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& o$ h' h+ d+ q+ ]
4 P4 h! O7 I) P' ?% o2 ]% NAction by Government Personnel
7 e5 C$ C/ Z. M 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; N; I4 P2 b4 x. _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information3 q$ _% ?! `: A( q' A7 g
144. Stalling and obstruction
+ Z1 E s$ s& f" j! k 145. General administrative noncooperation9 z7 y3 i; Q q. B3 O( g
9 ?8 d+ G3 x/ ~7 Q$ {* i
146. Judicial noncooperation
$ n+ z& R* n Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' o0 ?5 k$ ^ `+ b 148. Mutiny$ x2 f3 R+ N) m0 \
Domestic Governmental Action! ?" {+ \) F3 U1 t1 x! j+ g
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 n2 C5 P @; P/ V& B3 X! [
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 }' `1 r. w1 P* m/ a1 J# V0 W" z' `* k( w; S
International Governmental Action9 v. K' _5 m& G! x/ ]
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: \* l4 l0 |1 `. ` 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
0 V9 k8 @( v- V3 I 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& h$ S o+ \5 d' C# o d2 [, P
154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 X) z8 j' w$ s; w) N
155. Withdrawal from international organizations _8 K/ K9 |3 g9 u* w! [
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies( j# F' o# i4 g3 d7 g+ q. l* M6 x
157. Expulsion from international organizations
, a4 z; \+ v- L4 P# i1 I7 ~' a4 V. ]1 l* C9 Q i$ @) S7 N
3 @- d: Q) R k. v7 S: [
) n7 {9 D- n! `THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 |$ c J5 m0 @7 S2 p0 W2 m& v' R
9 @# J* t3 i% g, P# w1 k' f
; Z2 [0 P1 q6 B7 XPsychological Intervention
' ], X+ t5 Y8 F8 i) t- x- ` 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 E! b' K1 d6 |/ v; f 159. The fast% z" h5 ]( b) [; ] V
a) Fast of moral pressure
9 k" e$ p7 G, |7 x( x b) Hunger strike
! s0 O5 w, S. s6 r6 T, t c) Satyagrahic fast* c: ^0 y* r# f9 ]2 o4 {
160. Reverse trial
8 i& J K) r% p7 @ 161. Nonviolent harassment
5 F5 ], m/ o* O; B$ e
: t7 V; _) ?: a; K9 [: r& |Physical Intervention
+ h8 ~8 U' a+ S, w+ r8 `1 ` 162. Sit-in
* D- R! W# O, X- l0 \5 ^* g 163. Stand-in4 S3 ?; H% K/ u }2 q
164. Ride-in5 O( W- ]9 m- @3 t. O i9 l
165. Wade-in: ]( x' B+ C1 e8 w, p3 ~/ m
166. Mill-in: }1 ^( M$ Y& }3 \ F2 X
167. Pray-in9 v+ `. L' n7 a6 }9 k8 T8 t; V# R! I
168. Nonviolent raids! G% C# i+ M' m0 S9 A2 B
169. Nonviolent air raids$ L# q3 O2 T( x( k* G6 U9 i8 C
170. Nonviolent invasion( s3 @% H7 ^5 c1 _
171. Nonviolent interjection7 ]$ p. _9 S I- e# t- Z; D
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 D, d( r8 D6 { 173. Nonviolent occupation) q% I- T. l# h& a4 @
* I. U2 R: {7 I/ I3 _Social Intervention$ p8 Y6 Q5 |' U7 T
174. Establishing new social patterns ~& C+ A% b8 M4 t4 N
175. Overloading of facilities
" I( X' W7 U4 z. {( ?0 R 176. Stall-in
3 l+ D- X" e, l2 `! {" F* Y8 a 177. Speak-in% ~1 s- Z' [; B, w/ x3 z7 R# a) [
178. Guerrilla theater7 c/ n+ r$ k8 D. P
179. Alternative social institutions
c0 D* S2 o* W. l5 B 180. Alternative communication system
6 p l. _( _ U; m) S2 I3 s, |
5 m5 z- _4 G2 b6 u# [Economic Intervention
4 A8 K U- B( S) Q 181. Reverse strike& d2 a6 R; ]+ W4 }
182. Stay-in strike
1 e3 n) Q) _4 C+ A, K- M9 B! ?1 X 183. Nonviolent land seizure
E6 g# }' u2 c; m$ q 184. Defiance of blockades
7 k5 u% d* F; y) r' m, g 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 ~' N4 Q% s5 r- v8 V; [, i 186. Preclusive purchasing
7 ?0 T& B! I. u3 j8 G) { 187. Seizure of assets
- u/ D8 I/ e7 [2 |9 Y 188. Dumping4 K0 y0 q" B/ g6 C, Q
189. Selective patronage8 R0 m9 T# O- G( h/ s
190. Alternative markets
8 X; b% G* |' H- @) y- f$ Y 191. Alternative transportation systems
) P4 d/ z' @# r" l) K | 192. Alternative economic institutions
2 x; Y8 w2 q4 J6 C* b/ X- D/ L! `) A7 M. o# A
Political Intervention0 E/ d& }- U; P- m2 X/ ^ w
193. Overloading of administrative systems$ q0 F Z! [ l- H% o8 D t
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 ]- g* H& c+ e1 s: G
195. Seeking imprisonment
! T* R" T9 e& ^ w 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" b+ a/ K# s! t/ G 197. Work-on without collaboration
4 ?3 l' r7 o m8 |9 V3 g 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government w' d: q% _* ?' w- L5 ^5 L
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
