 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! s0 w7 m+ e9 m2 Z: R1 P: O" zFormal Statements! R/ D; o" S% M6 h
1. Public Speeches0 q" S: t( b; ^/ Y8 |3 g ]
2. Letters of opposition or support, s/ C7 ?; C/ F* c; ~
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* J2 V, h( K4 r7 ]) w
4. Signed public statements
# p" M* k9 {9 P2 F% [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention& k- H) [8 _- q
6. Group or mass petitions* N' s; b2 h% X4 x: e! @+ z# Q
" l: E$ |7 ~, s4 x
Communications with a Wider Audience
8 w5 g! A. O7 G" ? 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols! b1 q: i4 N: F+ Y; b2 Z4 S3 _
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 r' _" p, v* u
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, K" c. j3 P4 q0 g8 N5 g
10. Newspapers and journals
% l0 B! _9 U& X7 Q- e$ h% y 11. Records, radio, and television
! I2 m% j# T% p0 K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting' u* ?' N0 X1 h# [3 w1 Q' |
, I' F* o6 W3 [; ]2 c3 VGroup Representations
& O5 j w# ]- D; ?+ X 13. Deputations
9 L* G5 ^( z8 x- A' B 14. Mock awards8 w; _* E) T, J% v0 o3 A1 t
15. Group lobbying( L2 n0 y( S$ d; J5 D! I1 L
16. Picketing
: `/ G* [3 O! e+ G! W' w 17. Mock elections# }4 A: s/ X+ ]6 R- v' [4 t& l
0 Y, \+ ], K. L3 o$ sSymbolic Public Acts" C+ F6 w q: \7 L _% M, w. i8 S
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( c+ F2 o: X$ }1 W: p7 w) f9 U. i
19. Wearing of symbols# M' m3 c W( `, b/ d; l) R
20. Prayer and worship
- a5 d/ Z& Y( g L 21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ H* Y, D% R! G3 ?6 g0 r7 f+ q 22. Protest disrobings
$ O/ V3 x: |5 Z! Z 23. Destruction of own property4 x+ A4 O* {% C2 A* x
24. Symbolic lights, z3 _. f# f* Z d+ j8 Y
25. Displays of portraits
, N$ s, y' ]* z$ o2 ] 26. Paint as protest
4 \' S2 z/ ?: w, C8 e0 b 27. New signs and names
9 c" s/ @$ H" l1 M6 a x: {. d5 o2 j9 H 28. Symbolic sounds
- `! D7 U2 y4 s4 i 29. Symbolic reclamations
0 m8 G7 C/ }! C, N3 x4 v8 l9 Z( x$ F 30. Rude gestures
+ M2 v$ _$ m, `2 K9 u" n. j4 A+ ?" p6 i( A
Pressures on Individuals1 t S, H+ r% n3 a+ U& s
31. “Haunting” officials
- D7 I+ K' \$ J w6 b7 b 32. Taunting officials4 R$ w. I8 x9 ^& n3 [3 l, E% I& E
33. Fraternization f6 f; ~$ a5 m1 B5 ~, M# S
34. Vigils
! g, i$ J$ H, B0 [* s7 T% E1 h( W
Drama and Music2 ]7 _ [) i: k6 _
35. Humorous skits and pranks
; i- m- u: ]3 [* a! L6 W 36. Performances of plays and music
5 O- [# S! q. [ C+ n% S 37. Singing
& C' N9 r4 M. U# [5 w5 Q
; _2 \2 @( h8 r4 T- oProcessions
& }( o. C: D( ` 38. Marches2 e5 n. v P! n# [6 i2 ~7 ~
39. Parades$ \% T5 `8 q+ h$ w6 l1 L$ s
40. Religious processions
. ^5 x! {( E& ?7 @) Y 41. Pilgrimages8 {3 c4 J8 d+ c
42. Motorcades" e0 c: i- d+ x0 k9 F7 L6 } e
& j8 R/ l* ?. E; c5 ]6 p1 u
Honoring the Dead
4 [8 j+ k6 b3 E" j+ H, Y- E# I 43. Political mourning7 p: f3 {3 b; {7 L
44. Mock funerals
6 j% O2 ?9 ?) v2 Y1 x% J0 l 45. Demonstrative funerals
# C/ T7 {" b- x4 @$ b4 p 46. Homage at burial places
# m9 K" X- @( \( C# F0 h( m7 }8 Z' E4 Y7 V
Public Assemblies/ a$ p* a, g7 Z3 I
47. Assemblies of protest or support! J# J/ \4 o' t i+ @
48. Protest meetings
8 l+ f1 S* E0 r4 g2 y8 C 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! c: l( z2 \$ M1 F& p
50. Teach-ins0 O% p7 a; s/ l0 M/ |9 V: X
6 n, ]# }: O. S& a
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# x1 Z5 ^5 d3 ^' T4 Y [. m8 u 51. Walk-outs1 [, f* E0 Q4 P5 S" E/ N1 a
52. Silence: X" Y# m. a3 w9 I: F5 ~
53. Renouncing honors
% c+ d/ J: ~- k7 X+ D+ u 54. Turning one’s back
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& Y1 c: k& I; F7 }$ T& ?" _THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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) a% m. H& w6 G. f7 W4 `Ostracism of Persons
/ c+ ~$ j# b8 O1 G4 W& B 55. Social boycott7 X7 g Q# n$ \/ n8 O
56. Selective social boycott }* s0 A: t1 e
57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ d+ Z7 d% ]3 Z) m8 g' K 58. Excommunication
+ h0 e$ W6 ^ K" K 59. Interdict
* ]0 [ z8 F9 m$ c) N2 X O% g, |
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 }7 |/ E/ x- H5 V# L
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ s0 ~, E3 d+ s6 S7 l 61. Boycott of social affairs, @: p. S5 }& l1 T6 x' T$ E, Y D. D: U
62. Student strike
7 \3 o9 T5 a# P" X0 T7 U 63. Social disobedience. A( ?" _% ]# B' z7 }0 W
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! _' L( V d8 K! M
/ d" q+ X$ F, V7 w# G# K8 S+ [: {% gWithdrawal from the Social System3 Z$ ~- ^0 y9 G2 i) S+ d5 @
65. Stay-at-home
) V* t3 i t/ G$ E2 D; v& c 66. Total personal noncooperation
3 k: b. c" }) }" A 67. “Flight” of workers
) m. Q9 z% O% b 68. Sanctuary+ t4 L- E$ K# j6 s
69. Collective disappearance6 v6 d$ z; w5 |# t' W! ^. U7 k8 g, @8 L9 J
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ g( ]0 Q6 ?. `+ K% M! d
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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+ o9 L% n- {& t, F8 hActions by Consumers
, F% T: ^6 T% f 71. Consumers’ boycott
1 ~. y+ H. L, E0 b" d& A& _; j$ D+ f; W 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
, a& @% o/ l( A! d% X' F9 H 73. Policy of austerity
/ O5 P R2 u/ z6 h n* P) @ 74. Rent withholding3 |9 \3 z& W; k. m( z6 w5 K
75. Refusal to rent- D9 m* n' g- ?- f- z8 b
76. National consumers’ boycott
" j/ s$ q) f, S4 X6 f 77. International consumers’ boycott' N2 ?2 `, R, _ M& L( o# q! m, P
E6 v( X( O8 \
Action by Workers and Producers3 G0 @+ E. ] H- q. x1 L* `
78. Workmen’s boycott! I/ q$ E' o2 A% ]
79. Producers’ boycott
1 ]# z& U* z' v5 B& k9 \& k3 f4 ]& V3 t8 g% X
Action by Middlemen
! x0 U: p3 f1 Z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" a& ^2 b" B1 c( t( [) J
$ W- C1 e4 U: p' \Action by Owners and Management
& h" H; K4 q; ^, d8 F P 81. Traders’ boycott
! g* _% H: b9 ~6 X" g 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 X% H6 o7 }5 c. c
83. Lockout
) @) d. c, x- |! i: Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- y" c6 _& G) D+ p$ v 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
o5 g. K: G _$ K/ t4 Z% ?' B. f& a8 E3 H. {. W* A
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% O% h+ ?+ M# L+ Y) P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 x* N2 p# ]2 S9 f6 Z7 L 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 W5 }9 U+ L0 w! V
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; [# c" E4 \) K! e) c" } 89. Severance of funds and credit
; ~9 F) l& x$ _- n, { 90. Revenue refusal- `/ D/ R3 w, V8 @
91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 O1 e9 a2 u6 k+ P. c$ C7 E6 a) X7 L S% Z
Action by Governments
3 S) j, X. Y1 W4 h 92. Domestic embargo
0 z6 E' p5 T2 q3 U8 L 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 i% X, g7 J j; [* ]' x5 p 94. International sellers’ embargo; c2 Z7 `$ c: L9 Y& ~! D l. |
95. International buyers’ embargo
`$ M7 o& e# ^/ D' l8 \7 M 96. International trade embargo7 x: U3 l7 r. ~4 \6 U, B+ M' p5 g
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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, b! D. V( h. i. R4 @3 I# JSymbolic Strikes
2 W- @: X4 ~5 B( C6 C 97. Protest strike: R" S, \' _6 }) n' T3 q! [' s2 I
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. y9 A5 n: J2 x% ~4 G' C
- Q& B1 n# y2 O3 n) g& DAgricultural Strikes
. b$ d4 ]# B2 c0 X& y 99. Peasant strike! t- r9 U2 i& ^, |3 E s1 [1 P
100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 p( |0 V2 m. Z; [# p% D* O$ W4 S. i4 e5 m& Y$ i1 y, @
Strikes by Special Groups
2 n7 z# R% _- J' q% T a2 X( L 101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 E2 Q2 P* O3 {# @ 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 V9 F% j7 F# w4 p, R; r" a 103. Craft strike
8 `: l* Z3 v% |2 o 104. Professional strike
" f- z ~6 n: \/ _' G
9 ~+ X; u! z9 e o2 \3 u. ]Ordinary Industrial Strikes
/ S. U9 }0 v# x& B/ U' O 105. Establishment strike' e) P7 B5 ?% t
106. Industry strike6 y7 i8 t7 w5 N6 U2 B! M7 P6 B6 B
107. Sympathetic strike
+ t' X# M# e9 w/ Y9 M% w- C
$ G$ o- I, S) ^: vRestricted Strikes
* C {+ E0 F; w4 R3 H; x 108. Detailed strike
1 a: R( ` p# ^3 `, ~/ H 109. Bumper strike6 B& L% }& ^& t$ H
110. Slowdown strike
; T7 N3 O# y6 M7 e9 w1 F8 G 111. Working-to-rule strike; T, R O) D" \/ z, |, W2 |
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# c! s1 G; R4 s6 d- B 113. Strike by resignation
# E; s% m1 X3 i/ S2 m 114. Limited strike) ?3 o2 p' e$ Y3 k( F7 ?
115. Selective strike. f# K! E- f4 k! r5 H0 s" b
& g- Q( [/ }* A$ }# YMulti-Industry Strikes( F5 y! r8 Y$ U1 s1 v k+ R0 W8 o
* h; f! \, R9 [! G 116. Generalized strike
, W% y" x+ D9 J/ W" j
( f' v9 a8 o- n4 _. H 117. General strike+ n9 C# E+ R3 C4 U0 \! d
8 W% L; F. v" \" i, I. S
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 X! J9 o' D* f' W& M' U& [
# i" `- _2 j4 W+ R+ p
118. Hartal4 k1 r3 Y& A" R# K n0 k; h
" d" c0 n) S9 `4 S& {6 I 119. Economic shutdown* [3 f) N+ ~" u$ Z+ q
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9 f* ]. D5 y9 U. M) J4 ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 O8 N3 N1 j2 h# P5 v' w. \3 cRejection of Authority
! h) e' N- g1 W" C. U, U 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ A6 l1 R! H! _) m7 W$ w 121. Refusal of public support' U, w: u) e% l& W* t) }
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' b" \7 _, H( T$ \# ~/ d# u# j7 Y, z4 \6 H5 `1 F8 n
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 E% w3 z6 C% A: Z8 ?( B$ g: ]
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* x- H2 U$ P% P9 n8 q 124. Boycott of elections
3 |7 V% u$ j& \ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions, M# F: p* a# u: ^- D0 E
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ ?$ y4 [/ t3 _+ K( |; p. g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 c3 ]) L8 |& d! ^6 m
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, o6 O' i8 l. q$ z: a
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 i" I+ ^ R$ n 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- g8 ?* t3 ~/ n! `
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 k0 n8 O/ U( p1 [% q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- F( t7 h8 v2 T( ^) P/ o
J2 c0 A/ ~4 \2 H2 d/ F( `3 v1 RCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- j! W" k7 F2 M* j1 c* O$ u 133. Reluctant and slow compliance" s6 j( x7 N& ^2 m6 e
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 y8 u0 J ^& }7 [
135. Popular nonobedience+ ^. L5 V( S) G
136. Disguised disobedience
( I8 {1 e* _! q- `9 g. d# \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 v4 L0 q4 Y! g! a7 d. H0 S
138. Sitdown
! G9 O! s2 H, P* K" |5 ?+ `7 p 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( n2 z" Q+ M9 r- D5 u 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 x, \7 U. O' q& Q, H
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ t: M* q+ H* C$ p
9 S E$ g2 K- V* s! X: [3 V5 kAction by Government Personnel4 _2 P& ]* i) A# e2 g
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 N% \& L7 F! M! ]9 z X4 I+ ~
143. Blocking of lines of command and information) z8 ~0 _% C7 w7 p: N' J
144. Stalling and obstruction( D' ^" b& l# D2 V. r
145. General administrative noncooperation J4 \. B* v! I! C6 ~9 h
1 p4 @- ?1 F- E; b. l3 e 146. Judicial noncooperation, d* c* L, ^/ q, E1 L8 y9 { F; d I' p' r
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! T$ y" S- t3 ]# J
148. Mutiny1 n9 S( F7 r; j1 [4 K
Domestic Governmental Action
$ |( n- h* q ^( G! k0 j. ^& m 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- b+ ]0 b, t! w) h3 ]) r
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% P# ~6 Z5 }3 a* z$ D1 d2 s( D8 q
9 g D3 k, A1 n U1 q [
International Governmental Action4 p" y- f2 k! I# g3 u# }- B) T1 B. O
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( e/ v- i& j3 v- v2 K
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 d* U4 M6 r8 K* C+ B- \
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ b; o$ i' i0 I+ f 154. Severance of diplomatic relations% r. l/ i" c' Z: t: ?4 W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ k! P8 ?- E4 m$ V
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! M7 _) D+ ]. h 157. Expulsion from international organizations$ R/ C g8 n8 e% B. k
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
9 n* R, @5 I5 Z2 k; [& e! W: I 158. Self-exposure to the elements9 c) C; M+ c9 K, {2 r
159. The fast
" g S; G$ ^6 C$ j a) Fast of moral pressure. E, K; p6 i9 v7 V# S
b) Hunger strike
' d+ i. o( \: q" \5 K/ G" D c) Satyagrahic fast
h5 R+ r3 g! H0 c" p* {" C 160. Reverse trial5 j, k6 {5 j! }
161. Nonviolent harassment
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8 ]( y. m& M. D+ k* g3 V# q1 M5 xPhysical Intervention
: l" R2 q, o7 C1 Q5 V 162. Sit-in/ K" H5 N- G! V2 w( i
163. Stand-in7 s7 M( l8 n( V% G
164. Ride-in
j0 {2 _: Y& h) s# E- G 165. Wade-in. i# z2 ]# R$ y2 B! ?
166. Mill-in
4 W( r: }9 A- D& `8 {3 h" M 167. Pray-in" l" H9 H r" c; t5 N3 @3 _3 @
168. Nonviolent raids
- y: o& s, c }. x 169. Nonviolent air raids8 F I& e& m! Q
170. Nonviolent invasion n8 ^" E, }8 ]& O& y e
171. Nonviolent interjection. {" a7 ^) Y3 i8 S6 E& S
172. Nonviolent obstruction+ Z$ N$ m" P2 Y$ p' Q s. k" [
173. Nonviolent occupation* q; _4 z# a" |( `
* }: E9 c7 z. X& z6 Y9 W" CSocial Intervention! y" }7 s: E+ D% r. M
174. Establishing new social patterns
1 z- K8 I3 F1 l( k4 Q 175. Overloading of facilities
. e1 f; Y& b9 ~0 r& T" a6 d: `- h 176. Stall-in
3 g/ b$ `7 y+ a6 K- \/ { 177. Speak-in
7 h2 {; ~0 m" j& s$ B 178. Guerrilla theater) B5 h- b) b* n9 z( y& _3 j
179. Alternative social institutions; \8 g6 B: u/ d- r5 B" d/ }8 s
180. Alternative communication system1 a3 Y/ w- W" U2 d' V7 o
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Economic Intervention7 e1 _8 Q# R* B- ~3 X& s$ H
181. Reverse strike
& e Y! Q; t& Z 182. Stay-in strike, }7 s, O. t. }
183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ A4 t; t7 X2 l/ S2 m& E- e* { 184. Defiance of blockades0 J2 N& d0 k% `$ y @: E
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' p* _; s% S4 J- M9 s8 T% K$ W 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 g7 s- B* \" [2 D) }8 f 187. Seizure of assets
; m. a& l$ {+ I" x$ T% T" S/ ?0 m 188. Dumping
. F" e7 f' z* O4 o, ]( L! G x 189. Selective patronage
+ r/ `2 i/ v! _+ ]1 g 190. Alternative markets/ I. j7 X2 o' k3 m5 a3 n6 Z7 |
191. Alternative transportation systems/ w% j9 ^) i( ] ]& [5 y$ ^$ U% M
192. Alternative economic institutions
% N9 v1 Y# O- ?2 `8 `* {5 u; @( c3 I ] G# ~; ~6 N' k
Political Intervention
Z* K, v0 C& Q% X9 h; C 193. Overloading of administrative systems5 S7 c: |* W+ f4 u* @6 h" n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
k( N) c0 Q' V$ N 195. Seeking imprisonment8 U! n8 G! j) f) \' e, L
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! J$ v( L2 t$ a! i 197. Work-on without collaboration
' d$ H7 G& {" A7 t' ]6 p 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
