 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! s+ c4 J3 t v, _2 E; i# V) T5 NFormal Statements
; q0 o; D( h! k3 L 1. Public Speeches/ w* ~! C! [: f" {7 ]! A8 P# B
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 ~. k3 d* Y: G* e5 o 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ F* Z, u6 u( |5 n, I3 k4 J5 m
4. Signed public statements
; D) E$ h3 L: Z- B- s 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 z/ {- A1 r, x! |! V 6. Group or mass petitions
: O; }9 w. O) b! `: V
+ W6 I) O" J" bCommunications with a Wider Audience
3 L3 e8 k: ?" T 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
?4 b8 C8 h- s2 H1 B( U 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" ~: ]4 O& s; @# W3 `0 I
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( U& y' V' |: c! v0 k! ] 10. Newspapers and journals$ f) g4 p+ n: D( ]
11. Records, radio, and television
& c: m" m3 h% y1 J: T0 m) d1 {9 E 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
, y4 F1 a/ p4 v9 u1 p+ e2 G2 N M+ w6 h. J3 G5 }' f
Group Representations
' m, j6 T" T8 @3 l; k 13. Deputations
] U% Y/ v( u7 C/ h9 l, { 14. Mock awards
5 K0 \/ `+ _8 }3 M- S 15. Group lobbying
4 G' t; K& n" k) u A8 }. N 16. Picketing
; Q7 D; o# |3 ], M 17. Mock elections+ e0 z7 P; `5 b) u9 \
6 [# V* k! a5 C7 T+ {Symbolic Public Acts
( p1 y! n) h2 f; g, l+ y% m 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) j3 _) v& E: t5 @3 v
19. Wearing of symbols
: x# k# X( O0 f6 f+ P% N9 F- O 20. Prayer and worship
" G. s, J6 \5 v 21. Delivering symbolic objects
# g* C) o+ ]- p0 y' { 22. Protest disrobings
) k% ~! h6 l) B8 r, z 23. Destruction of own property
8 R, b0 W5 {3 G% l7 M9 C2 l# s- M 24. Symbolic lights' z& a0 H) Z% h9 }. m$ E
25. Displays of portraits
3 J% B' V, z; t2 _4 S 26. Paint as protest
9 a& g5 S P$ ?& n1 v* m" f1 s) W6 w 27. New signs and names
! ~9 d" \6 B1 R7 \6 k1 c 28. Symbolic sounds
6 l& h2 E" J: g; n9 k 29. Symbolic reclamations
1 _, N% m. ]8 P9 ~% V1 R. U 30. Rude gestures
" m u3 ?. t5 x2 G& a, j& ]4 I7 G' g5 ?3 q
Pressures on Individuals
- p$ j; a( r$ S 31. “Haunting” officials
. n9 S* R9 `. k8 c& _7 R 32. Taunting officials
7 x9 U3 b) S1 w9 E$ Z V. n0 c( ~ 33. Fraternization
/ Y: E; w7 W3 w" C% y* [ 34. Vigils- f- I* ]( Q8 u- n! d; P; h9 e
8 C- M4 @3 |4 d, G f
Drama and Music
; W0 x, s: m3 t0 V0 q: h 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 e2 b2 ~: \3 \- w, [) e, k& s: b1 V% e' I 36. Performances of plays and music
9 X7 J" a: i0 g0 W3 { 37. Singing
% H9 s* Q, _0 m! M. ?/ T
7 K( y2 D0 j$ R" [4 L! j5 u( {Processions
. e8 [: v8 w r+ Y2 M% B6 s 38. Marches6 ~2 L' A4 Z, `; F, o" f
39. Parades7 {" J* m$ K$ d, a, T
40. Religious processions) h) d- O' ]& U3 K# n1 P
41. Pilgrimages
7 w% c1 r! H9 M 42. Motorcades
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5 [2 K4 Q7 c! uHonoring the Dead
7 U3 K- W+ _' ]( i7 {& ?6 Q 43. Political mourning
! Q% \% h! L6 J, r# S6 V8 T 44. Mock funerals
- c; V: L6 U" T& Z1 Z 45. Demonstrative funerals
/ Z( R" Q; _$ s% \8 W 46. Homage at burial places$ d- r. {6 O9 _8 R( O" t
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Public Assemblies, \- f* h2 U& P; n( L
47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 W* [, E4 K( v- b: u2 ? 48. Protest meetings
& h" a5 |+ U4 u6 I. ^, I8 i( T 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 p2 G8 U3 i% T3 n- K) `* M3 ` 50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation2 F) h& Z* v$ B h: |3 q( Q& B
51. Walk-outs! }( u% c3 a5 w% i9 } g
52. Silence7 e, l; ?: y3 z7 m/ r+ L3 v/ M2 i
53. Renouncing honors1 |+ d" M; [, ^; t( @: F
54. Turning one’s back
& v; z1 u8 f2 ^3 V& g. u# a( k6 U2 Y0 j6 C9 Z e! Z6 N1 X; f g
4 ^; v+ Q: L3 Q2 F I% I. D: D9 b$ j2 ~% ^0 w# L
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 Z& Y W4 @+ F- r4 G. m8 h
" {* ]. D& M- e8 m5 E 3 n) c; d! T$ y% G. y$ }) d
! l; M( i8 }. A0 L) X9 L& eOstracism of Persons
- S* J( q- S9 W- s 55. Social boycott3 x9 r/ `: ~: q2 F' ^( C9 ~2 `
56. Selective social boycott: ?: i. P8 D# @7 Y9 R
57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 [- B1 Y# v k4 z, z( h 58. Excommunication6 h- T8 t" J% @" h/ s1 F } C( h
59. Interdict
2 a' P; ~7 r0 r4 D7 o7 I- `6 b) e9 B; o9 }+ a
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 g3 g0 z7 ^6 A8 Q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ N; x: V) b- x
61. Boycott of social affairs
' }# A. f, D9 k, a3 {6 F1 u 62. Student strike ~- Z/ j- m' J: Q/ j% c
63. Social disobedience
! [6 ?' c, w! R0 p% H5 }7 t 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& e5 @. ^8 |5 S- L, i
6 x4 t7 a3 m+ R) ]
Withdrawal from the Social System
: L5 @7 D6 E+ M; K5 ^% k6 t 65. Stay-at-home+ z: a$ s7 X8 Y" K
66. Total personal noncooperation
! h. k$ j% Y' `# V, R3 v 67. “Flight” of workers
) u* m3 }( C7 G# U4 E) V F 68. Sanctuary
7 ~; [9 t- b, R 69. Collective disappearance
5 N4 ~4 t% s9 Y3 \8 @ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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3 d) A* z7 R/ i9 E% m1 ^2 s
8 {1 k, b$ X( S8 q7 l FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! I2 r; z, r/ Q% I( T+ U
7 r* d: e2 v' A7 s& `* R
: A1 t( b/ A q9 v% w9 ]4 `8 R/ bActions by Consumers
( p5 H w9 A5 H* X 71. Consumers’ boycott
' q6 w& r' X; U" q: q: y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods$ l9 @% o" J/ {7 O* E* ^0 o+ C
73. Policy of austerity
: n! s7 h+ t0 l0 P 74. Rent withholding
' L* `5 U" {/ F0 D 75. Refusal to rent
% R- c* }) O6 W$ p% [ 76. National consumers’ boycott" e8 |2 R) e+ y
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 g0 L G7 D8 l* K+ ]4 o L" F8 K* r3 L, K; m8 ^3 U
Action by Workers and Producers
9 i" k8 Z2 @$ r( b- M 78. Workmen’s boycott8 Y9 f8 v" I1 g% A* O; [! H
79. Producers’ boycott
8 a% f; ], v+ B; @
; H) d1 S& K- E7 I+ [' OAction by Middlemen
1 C8 P# q5 E+ z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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% x9 @- x' Y. \' ?' NAction by Owners and Management
9 M% l- v- G( t: x+ a 81. Traders’ boycott
3 F( v3 l6 u/ h8 ~: [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 c5 E! P4 w# r- D
83. Lockout
: Y+ |- Q7 H Q1 r( U 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
I+ S% a& z; a5 K7 Y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”' u8 \% t7 r8 L2 {' y
3 L4 t6 B6 U9 {: U
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; X) D* v1 M+ I& }+ e 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) F3 x3 E0 `; r7 p 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 _2 e$ T5 A. { D+ v% n 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: I, [, x; ?5 p! f6 Y" c. n2 v% K 89. Severance of funds and credit; k E$ T, r1 n h3 g$ N
90. Revenue refusal
1 G$ l" ?" f! ~# b) J 91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ [: T" p0 E t$ ]5 Z0 F/ U
$ L) S/ n3 t7 }! BAction by Governments5 k. [8 `# z) X# R; ~
92. Domestic embargo/ L0 Z, M. f- t
93. Blacklisting of traders
+ K; j! C# l; p# P) j/ m 94. International sellers’ embargo
& X. Y) [2 ~# E$ H 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ P3 |" i; v! c/ N# T, l6 E0 x. a 96. International trade embargo
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- f& F. \( F0 T p) pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) E" n5 p' s% s% r8 ~
f/ }# w% \% [' H( s5 F }+ }. U, ^6 R% w
Symbolic Strikes
, F" c# V8 W) I3 X; H/ z 97. Protest strike, n! ]- g' f+ W. R) i# t9 H Y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* m6 E8 r( U8 _- S: R, Y( C/ \
2 }0 Z8 y- _3 lAgricultural Strikes+ s- [" Y+ l2 ]! j* X+ t. j( T; U
99. Peasant strike u! z% o* X) R* |8 P% H. b
100. Farm Workers’ strike, K5 j, @- M3 h) Q O$ o# _
, E' a! S* p6 m9 x9 b" P! [. `
Strikes by Special Groups
* j$ Z& V$ p" w h- ~5 N$ t9 I 101. Refusal of impressed labor+ t# r7 S9 ~ P; G; y7 N
102. Prisoners’ strike
+ t/ T3 m! W! Q" n& S 103. Craft strike. {' M6 D, ^% ]& L& g! ~' A Z( M$ x- L
104. Professional strike
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4 m# F- K) ]: S7 SOrdinary Industrial Strikes4 j- V1 @4 |/ d' U) N( Y" }
105. Establishment strike$ q/ S8 J) n1 c$ }, `% q9 b$ t: r4 @
106. Industry strike; d8 m8 Q9 N; l& g( J6 ]4 l
107. Sympathetic strike
, h+ r3 M9 w$ P- u' M1 M7 q! P1 N- s1 ]' g) i( N5 W* N3 f6 Y
Restricted Strikes+ H1 \* q' v/ w/ f
108. Detailed strike: O2 @9 }9 g0 L8 c8 \
109. Bumper strike1 U8 Z$ @; K* V
110. Slowdown strike' L& F8 T/ e! r7 }
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ q' A, J/ Y% _! g! L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! G8 W% {' H, I
113. Strike by resignation) z0 {5 y( X+ _9 E
114. Limited strike
9 s. F5 Q( C' y5 _3 \ 115. Selective strike
& O, v& n; R% z; Z: I0 c8 M' q3 ?5 {1 L5 N8 W& v8 @2 J' ?
Multi-Industry Strikes
6 N5 T5 [2 L1 j% z
+ g8 u8 e q w, [) j( {4 n1 f' _ 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike5 m2 N( W" R) `% a, v! J/ |
/ u: k' K$ c9 @, U9 N) ?" Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 z7 ~1 ^0 |2 V5 Z* O4 u5 C6 d
; U2 d# h+ T- Z 118. Hartal9 K5 N- K) w! s; i0 f, ~
/ l" `& G! g ^5 _( [" `% h9 U 119. Economic shutdown& O. Z0 S' U6 a+ M1 b
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( k* n; J. R m) j, H1 x$ M% Q) Y/ P3 y8 a2 j0 X; s# k& ?
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority/ S: ?. J4 ?. c5 p0 n0 d
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ L( ?7 E' Z7 P: @4 W0 l' h
121. Refusal of public support' S& L0 E# U3 t. A6 _. v
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
/ V# S- I ?* j& S; N& O
2 l2 W/ D, u. @+ xCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 U$ }. Z# T8 C( I7 S. I% j! n 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 B2 _! B) @7 F5 @ 124. Boycott of elections
% P p1 z% U+ L% {) A8 A 125. Boycott of government employment and positions. q6 n6 H, s4 ^3 O- v4 m
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
C( p) ]) X# ?" O$ r1 G 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 b4 F- d/ C' {! J7 T, H" x
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 x M8 O. n4 o: b
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ ~+ v3 l' v V) R$ L 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 m5 E# I0 Z( D0 j- S' }9 }* l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. }" J$ G0 S( n( c! Y2 S 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 r! x/ b5 \ m {7 u
0 `! L5 W. O# R* [% h9 x! B/ V
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" E g* R2 b N. d5 j
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ E. L3 C* m2 o2 y% b. b: b
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' p, A/ X% Z9 n+ f
135. Popular nonobedience
' V: v% X7 f$ w: h 136. Disguised disobedience9 ]4 m% l+ H0 I4 T& {' m8 E' r4 ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 p$ q5 T) x, C: [$ B+ J" Q
138. Sitdown
3 c/ M- N' d3 J 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) w. {0 a% ~9 j6 c* Y 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 X6 Y% G% O* ^$ l% ?0 z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; i, H5 {& P7 R1 n, n5 _9 f9 u
1 ]8 i' }. L' U6 L6 b; D: bAction by Government Personnel
) {0 u8 |' F7 n. z& ? 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ j8 C4 q" A' ]
143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 p/ _6 q' j1 [. D1 ]: n( k8 y
144. Stalling and obstruction
$ z$ Y7 o w* X+ S3 z# V W 145. General administrative noncooperation
]" O' p3 L; e6 \& R; S9 o- ]
, c4 I: }2 H0 a$ k; C' h, O) v: f8 O 146. Judicial noncooperation
* e: k; G3 Q6 a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- N* C& n% K! K+ u# y; W8 L
148. Mutiny8 n4 ~4 D7 U8 k8 d1 I6 I
Domestic Governmental Action. t {- Q7 J0 x' u! R* a$ Q/ A& C
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 y# [# i" h0 S2 E0 S3 [, Q 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& Y7 ~7 S" e) J1 W! ?+ Q1 b& o
' |, {* g) K3 M+ z3 R+ l+ EInternational Governmental Action
- Q+ H0 ^& {6 K v 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* u6 f0 N I" |/ y P4 d" `* B/ m
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- c" S8 g6 [, a# w 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* \" l/ Q) ~( C 154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 a. w( _2 b, H% {
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, I/ z6 N; p6 r- G$ G 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" _: y/ C8 U- w" O: `6 T/ y 157. Expulsion from international organizations
) {% O; R! I& ]) ]0 {5 Q8 A6 F0 f2 j7 p( R, D, y
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/ O# m9 ?- P: Z" L( vTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 v; n: H6 o9 P9 A) O* h
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% o/ C' q( ?+ g' M) W5 ~' }Psychological Intervention
X$ D6 m. x" E' F- A$ J4 Z5 m4 n$ J 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 P4 Z4 P3 d2 f0 `
159. The fast
' M+ y6 G" ^6 L" ?9 Z2 O4 x a) Fast of moral pressure4 C& y" z1 q @* `
b) Hunger strike
8 q+ X, u' D* F; J4 z' K c) Satyagrahic fast
( Z% E3 _, e1 H* P$ s 160. Reverse trial# p. X, P$ w% }: T$ w
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
: D% K; p1 x2 v/ j+ i 162. Sit-in
0 [4 M) W: e* p& z1 { 163. Stand-in
1 i I& ]0 Q, f* G( m 164. Ride-in
4 u3 {) r. g& y; m% O 165. Wade-in
" W$ }4 e2 z" x" _ 166. Mill-in1 [, |8 f# k6 c- A! K
167. Pray-in$ P) X4 p9 p. @3 v) [
168. Nonviolent raids
8 G9 d A; ]) @, H0 m2 L1 g9 ` 169. Nonviolent air raids% I6 L! z7 I% @
170. Nonviolent invasion' |+ S% k3 M3 k- A
171. Nonviolent interjection
1 ?6 x& M; U- u% j! s2 Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction
; t. e7 ^+ l6 j p) {, V 173. Nonviolent occupation
+ U; {$ q% h! j: ?: B3 _7 X8 |. j' e- o% \
Social Intervention
) [* e6 D5 R) @, O/ ~ G0 W 174. Establishing new social patterns
7 v3 M( Y- F) n$ D* Q 175. Overloading of facilities" M2 u: j! H) G; O6 W
176. Stall-in: @& N5 Y: m& l
177. Speak-in3 L( s# t2 @& j6 r+ p) M; Q1 y
178. Guerrilla theater
8 ]) x$ `( x( s/ E/ z) j 179. Alternative social institutions
' G' \0 C3 a) X8 B4 { U 180. Alternative communication system
3 {6 w5 |& o1 l. ^
8 j E$ s) m) x, ^0 l& z4 g9 fEconomic Intervention
7 o6 W- k# |! u 181. Reverse strike
5 I! N5 V; L* T 182. Stay-in strike* W' _. I% Q( Q: k* y e
183. Nonviolent land seizure
9 `* V% ]! ?' M2 }1 ~ 184. Defiance of blockades. A7 S% i8 F, @# o4 q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: ?) U4 C( v- I4 L 186. Preclusive purchasing
2 k- F u3 b0 ~7 { 187. Seizure of assets9 C% f0 X( O/ }' c3 Z
188. Dumping6 q$ L% ~2 y; v4 {% \. h5 ?2 `% I* ]
189. Selective patronage
2 o- o1 E5 ]3 w1 y8 o" a 190. Alternative markets
- L2 j1 V1 c k I4 e4 ? 191. Alternative transportation systems
( x" X, m3 @$ h7 W! G( n! c 192. Alternative economic institutions2 ~* z1 h. c$ K6 I( Z
& z# {5 H" Y5 k, O1 YPolitical Intervention4 U/ H0 A4 U( C/ K+ P, Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems: }4 P8 @$ ^. i5 O* O$ c) ^
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, }/ Q1 e5 z0 Z% H' P- X0 j
195. Seeking imprisonment3 K( J: I+ Q, v- C; b
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 Q7 s7 g% w$ O" Y2 h
197. Work-on without collaboration
; G' ^- Z$ h! T" ]" g$ | 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
