 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 i+ v, `. W: y/ v8 t3 j/ Q
Formal Statements% V4 b; S5 }" W0 R% `: O
1. Public Speeches
/ M2 a$ e" c Y, d, Z1 }1 `3 E3 X 2. Letters of opposition or support/ }4 s& i2 z( G
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ a- C1 j% c7 v2 N5 c
4. Signed public statements1 L! T* C1 V ?7 B+ z# y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention: ]2 Q* k" n: E5 _6 E7 [
6. Group or mass petitions. F8 y) s# b' N5 u5 _
$ g& V- `2 d$ \Communications with a Wider Audience
% l- B& M, t- j* e0 W 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 t2 y! z1 J% t, z2 |: e6 c
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% f2 X* y+ B7 u: q& _, |, Y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 j2 g" `" e1 `& U$ o2 n6 y$ t 10. Newspapers and journals
& \6 m/ b: O9 q" x( s- D 11. Records, radio, and television: l2 M0 s2 W1 h9 E
12. Skywriting and earthwriting# @" r- d; n* O/ x& T! X# n
% q y+ l0 h0 |1 K& a& s9 p" |
Group Representations: d3 C7 B! {% n8 A( j4 [. D8 j
13. Deputations7 z* ~% A3 X- }& {
14. Mock awards
5 ?# F2 U. k8 ~+ s- s 15. Group lobbying
5 Q: r4 G( D8 s0 k5 Y/ P1 O' W 16. Picketing
% G8 e9 h. l O7 s9 H1 }* i. K" \ 17. Mock elections5 }9 q: D5 Q l: P3 ` l
* }( I$ C4 q' T2 r0 d/ G
Symbolic Public Acts1 m7 t' W) E) y# W: L' F& Q8 t
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ r. T6 `$ M$ e4 R) l 19. Wearing of symbols! k9 S# y8 j0 r; ]! M0 s I/ D/ A
20. Prayer and worship' s2 [$ S0 T5 y* K5 |$ w
21. Delivering symbolic objects
; `; d$ G3 O) {$ ^ 22. Protest disrobings
6 V, U' t F, C* s 23. Destruction of own property
7 U2 n9 W: S1 i% m. l6 C" u0 C9 v 24. Symbolic lights) g$ X+ Z+ B( {' d' B$ i
25. Displays of portraits* a, p6 \3 H0 |0 c
26. Paint as protest
" Z8 L- K; J$ G* \) I; ~ 27. New signs and names
1 r7 z) s: ^) {7 g/ Q 28. Symbolic sounds
( C3 V6 o1 A+ [' c \7 l# x. T$ y: v 29. Symbolic reclamations# I0 a1 a w2 I r( U' f; r; v
30. Rude gestures
% |& ]2 h/ L/ y3 g ^8 S; Q' a
! _7 p6 n8 D6 SPressures on Individuals$ C9 y: T5 @( |% j* z: X
31. “Haunting” officials2 m" z P0 T) @" `, g
32. Taunting officials" ~: }. V1 d) L/ @$ P! \) z
33. Fraternization
3 `* r! a" n; N& `9 e 34. Vigils
% Z/ _! d& o0 g- N
0 n: Z4 O. g. R+ E l( F' SDrama and Music- I6 Q0 B" B0 n, n. \2 l
35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ w* D1 V* I3 B' Q$ V# T 36. Performances of plays and music F8 s' p2 e7 ^% ]9 K
37. Singing# `. X- u7 F. n0 x. h; y
, w, Q* R$ F$ c+ mProcessions; t6 y: z( @; j; f$ `' k* r
38. Marches
! b8 P0 {4 G; s) H: u- {$ R7 A 39. Parades; j* s& d R4 p/ {5 `* P5 o
40. Religious processions
$ H7 ]4 l5 h* }0 g X! J$ b5 ` 41. Pilgrimages
. l# T& f0 a' s2 { 42. Motorcades. W7 [+ B* \! \1 N/ q2 [5 r
2 ]* s5 K! K; d# k% sHonoring the Dead
8 I" j# N% x' z" c- T s5 p4 R 43. Political mourning
w7 s0 H) y6 ~" f+ Q5 m% x4 F! O! u 44. Mock funerals0 j/ c, Y* G* l) y U4 E
45. Demonstrative funerals
2 B; _$ a/ D3 [/ O6 c/ w: h 46. Homage at burial places
$ |$ \- J1 {, p$ |0 f" E% Y f6 Y4 F8 z% j) ]- U+ u
Public Assemblies# \: \# A! X1 ^) Q
47. Assemblies of protest or support
" V* ~5 I0 C3 d 48. Protest meetings
0 i$ d8 I& I$ k8 e! w4 C 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! ]6 t1 S3 S) Q- O9 Z( t
50. Teach-ins
v9 {8 I) m$ B- s7 ?; q8 \
+ a* m* `7 P+ IWithdrawal and Renunciation7 K) t* ^) A3 t& y! B: ]" P* R
51. Walk-outs
% u8 M/ j& M& R& @5 n/ M 52. Silence H1 Y v5 w% w* C0 {# C5 z
53. Renouncing honors$ t+ x& t9 a- ~" j# X4 A% ]/ A; m
54. Turning one’s back& g3 z) H/ g+ H; X' M& S( s* F/ t
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7 s: q1 S! ~$ o
5 m$ X6 Y; ^, G7 {8 M3 cTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& `3 k; o2 ?7 r' o, k
- U2 B" L9 u! |* e
3 k( }* S1 R( M' |- D8 @, f. E6 I
) L- P' G, `0 p$ {- s4 i5 iOstracism of Persons, ^9 D! R( u6 a
55. Social boycott6 s4 i7 _) g0 n, s9 e
56. Selective social boycott$ s* |! k( q- b8 V! x& Q) ^4 _
57. Lysistratic nonaction; ~7 H5 f5 {" [% ]$ y7 Y
58. Excommunication8 j2 t+ z( [' n- f4 G3 E
59. Interdict( I3 k& G& `$ |2 n+ _) U
9 S) _2 b& i h" r9 N. @/ l- MNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ g$ h8 W" L: _+ O; ^" c, G: M: M 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' N. G# b7 S; y: R* r5 ^2 x! o% k
61. Boycott of social affairs5 J( d5 X# b6 Y3 j
62. Student strike( _: h' V1 Y/ |- D* u% V
63. Social disobedience
9 ]) o/ u7 _% E' @& M; l$ U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! Z8 t- D2 W W8 g: z, [ W
2 c9 V0 `( Y* ~* KWithdrawal from the Social System1 J* P. u; E2 q
65. Stay-at-home1 o: Z2 h* m" Q
66. Total personal noncooperation
3 G: G a+ B8 Z* b1 p 67. “Flight” of workers
& d! G$ P! a( b& L7 M' r6 H 68. Sanctuary: V; y, L7 y* L5 W! D* A
69. Collective disappearance+ F) G" m& o0 b0 Y# W! u4 a+ R5 Q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 a) F# p8 r9 T7 I" C
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, N6 N( _8 H, u2 U5 l8 ~; Q- x8 }3 c$ g( U
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* v7 D" q8 l6 ]" S
: m3 w3 G- d. ^1 A
7 D3 A% ~5 @ B2 z0 \* OActions by Consumers5 c+ c3 j. T" r1 K0 O
71. Consumers’ boycott
# ]9 p: p( P' w8 w 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" b. I. Z6 \) P& M
73. Policy of austerity
2 |3 k4 _6 l, ` 74. Rent withholding
% p9 m F2 d/ K. Z2 j 75. Refusal to rent
- v( X9 T, M& l; Q. @4 B/ e- V 76. National consumers’ boycott
1 w j) S5 W6 O2 k3 b7 A2 } 77. International consumers’ boycott( E' N1 W7 v, @% \9 C/ ?; e
0 L& x0 q$ `/ F, kAction by Workers and Producers
+ J0 K0 S) X7 a8 F! ?/ H 78. Workmen’s boycott
& P6 s( b. s6 y! M8 J 79. Producers’ boycott& K U" n4 i/ y! f5 W! `
) L S! J; G) {) X; l1 P
Action by Middlemen7 _* P; P+ U- w' d1 R
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! K, `9 x B0 Y1 V! @. S4 i8 \) m& G& T
8 y; |/ C4 O* }2 Z* w% Q
Action by Owners and Management9 [5 l3 b2 d: t- n8 u
81. Traders’ boycott
5 {7 l7 D8 K, c 82. Refusal to let or sell property
; I q" ~' Y1 D7 l) [7 ~4 O 83. Lockout" Y( F0 t3 D! {
84. Refusal of industrial assistance( i; `4 U% F e+ V4 R- o8 Y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* A; Q/ m0 |! p5 U- J- `$ Q. i
+ q Y6 Y% F1 i- m9 A
Action by Holders of Financial Resources/ z+ w! w; K8 E; R' U; P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 ?! h& [* ]+ P, w1 `5 M
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 d6 d' E4 w3 U2 L' c7 s; d
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( p6 K% p6 O* o; X; V1 _( z" D4 q+ k8 j 89. Severance of funds and credit
# c" N' ^9 f/ F" q# X/ J- j 90. Revenue refusal
9 _3 s/ t% U7 ] 91. Refusal of a government’s money6 C( X" l h, d$ F' a$ ?
! k- \. u( V) ?( YAction by Governments
0 Q) {' j+ @9 A$ E/ p' [ 92. Domestic embargo
1 r+ z$ N" h }/ ? y 93. Blacklisting of traders
; d& Z. ]" W1 U% ?% \ 94. International sellers’ embargo' r- u. E; p& M
95. International buyers’ embargo
( @* t8 |2 L3 \ A7 Y+ B1 j; V' o 96. International trade embargo( ]0 g* s3 Y' D
7 i, A; r% i- z2 t" M
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0 X2 v4 e8 |% GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. N2 l* z8 G( U8 {5 [# v1 X Z; V% _6 @6 f* z
1 P4 c+ Y0 l) N% ESymbolic Strikes
3 _ m. w6 v$ N, A+ Q3 Z 97. Protest strike5 _2 P. b! u. ?* t) G+ b( i
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ Q6 O+ c- e9 z: a& @4 a7 n( W
: l+ H$ D) a" OAgricultural Strikes
$ G+ s2 h9 B* x; |& a H/ I 99. Peasant strike8 Y; R9 N3 Y) i9 A+ d% F
100. Farm Workers’ strike
* P& M0 s/ S, X; ?+ z4 h0 j7 U
9 p6 W, w O1 L) n) ?8 nStrikes by Special Groups
5 @; h$ }( F* x 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 U# g9 w3 e& ]/ m/ c
102. Prisoners’ strike
[1 f. ]' P9 J 103. Craft strike9 T* P5 |6 K1 Y
104. Professional strike* t6 h6 M4 i. s9 }) |8 I
5 S% f) n- |0 ?' sOrdinary Industrial Strikes$ k; n+ M9 [/ X9 Z0 Y2 O- M
105. Establishment strike
# E" _4 y2 L5 j) Z 106. Industry strike
0 g6 t) s! A6 N+ F& l- p) v7 b4 L/ J 107. Sympathetic strike
L' e0 Z: t- h' D0 U
9 P6 j$ A* i: lRestricted Strikes9 R, \ K8 W, D
108. Detailed strike
# {6 `" ~5 ]1 g( I 109. Bumper strike. L5 S9 J4 W; u9 T6 s( O
110. Slowdown strike- P& ?/ S( l& o* `9 t+ b) ~* A
111. Working-to-rule strike
`0 p! S* s7 g 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& O$ R. ~8 `4 M$ d- p" ^
113. Strike by resignation: ^# `# u1 b/ S% I0 J% @ N, z
114. Limited strike
- @- k/ }# w& j' r! N9 J" I) c( v: Y 115. Selective strike
. K3 R/ j" e" [. E9 y& [+ V+ d, v
9 T9 Z/ i7 v# }3 l& @Multi-Industry Strikes
% b$ G: g, ~9 Z# ]8 [
! h# W% W# T3 l! L 116. Generalized strike8 U; ]% j! y* p& m6 _( P
% U$ I: q$ k n" A- E8 C8 ^
117. General strike9 g2 e$ q, ~+ v, c' N1 ?
8 @4 ~. \6 N4 ^4 B! Z7 z
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 i& E. E2 ~( a& |# c" V. d$ d# c$ y, r* }
118. Hartal
z% x6 D4 }: u; o5 W) ?& d! w" I- ]
119. Economic shutdown
) q5 B4 c8 A ~1 N* H$ a C9 s' X0 y& \, I# B* N) ?
2 A F+ N* |8 M, b9 S! c. a5 f- D% m( ^& m/ x* k
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 r% b) {2 \8 Y5 R
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2 r! l6 {- A1 R! C4 m9 ~0 E( ?
Rejection of Authority
7 b1 L; d& [' M, [' _6 P1 g4 _ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance U8 Z. [' U* B0 [4 n
121. Refusal of public support, V& f' i/ [& ~+ x7 e
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 N! }) j0 n1 r2 h3 H) ?% T& I; ~5 |8 c
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) e) V, h1 u9 n2 D$ _7 I! V 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; C/ I; S9 M$ l4 K2 I5 w. }6 x
124. Boycott of elections
% }% W" e/ u: K# @7 p( ]7 I. T) V, M 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( b9 _7 B7 t2 M 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. v: O1 K0 k' N* i) d) `: B5 R+ ^ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# O6 h- W" n. o 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) j! R) U7 Z7 D A
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 [2 s/ U+ s. a% H- |4 I5 Q
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' V$ X' X& M* m
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials s9 N1 G8 t8 V
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 b' y$ N6 y9 n, e& q2 N4 W
, ^6 E2 o( e9 ^+ Q% W9 F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ l5 \* `( W7 o2 J 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* S2 q- m3 p+ l5 z s, Y% v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; F" ?$ ~; i- n" P( c7 q( b3 G! `
135. Popular nonobedience
. X" R, R0 s7 W2 C 136. Disguised disobedience" D$ N- P" Q/ z2 ], q/ |& N
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" j8 n9 \5 s3 C5 d! v# N 138. Sitdown
! ?; a4 y9 U) o- J, I0 h/ u! d 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 Q& d Q4 n3 h4 I2 Y& s$ D
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 ]4 n4 [8 R# ^5 c* F- c# J- l
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 K+ Z( X+ y/ u' |0 v6 C# S: e9 K1 @$ ~, e0 X4 W+ ~6 c" ?1 z' z
Action by Government Personnel
9 h4 s3 }3 s; |/ @ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides2 l0 P7 W8 W, n K5 T
143. Blocking of lines of command and information, E/ f' {9 \5 r* @
144. Stalling and obstruction
, u; P9 \0 V% @6 F' k; c 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 L: p. o+ t3 m! [( n" H. \$ K
' k, A, o' g( B4 g8 C3 q/ ` 146. Judicial noncooperation/ T! v N5 O$ N* E
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' q, S& d- q, e; h* ~& b& C
148. Mutiny
# }! y; ?& Q2 [. h: MDomestic Governmental Action
% X( v: j+ D# b4 z: Q; U: { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
o6 q1 O& y( z+ Z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' n4 F% h2 _5 H; T
1 G& c8 x* K2 W0 q7 b$ pInternational Governmental Action9 [. m S; s" H
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 x, N% e1 x# V* @' U" F 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events" _* a2 ^# {$ a3 ~6 J) Z) s
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! z% W9 {5 Z' U7 ^) s7 ?+ ~0 O
154. Severance of diplomatic relations n9 R: _0 A$ O
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" a8 z5 a5 h8 G3 e) C" W* l/ @
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" h# L- u B* T2 J% V l5 u* W! p 157. Expulsion from international organizations) w) l: i6 }- p* @
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: E0 T t& a( b1 `& ATHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
2 n( ?3 ?! d, f, S. _+ {3 Y1 j
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/ u; b: S- x! mPsychological Intervention
2 e5 F2 y" C- V! A; A: T/ M 158. Self-exposure to the elements! a w% u e; _
159. The fast+ k$ M2 r2 z0 A
a) Fast of moral pressure9 ~9 j1 X/ X4 `3 Y. u, }
b) Hunger strike. \* n0 [* n+ j! ~
c) Satyagrahic fast
0 w/ Y1 V& ?: o4 h2 N 160. Reverse trial
( S3 o( b* d4 j/ @9 N& x. W* x* p 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ V/ i4 d" Q, L& Y9 b# h
3 N/ t/ N/ c# |& T! v# cPhysical Intervention+ y+ p6 k9 r& P7 Q0 K6 s
162. Sit-in+ S1 w# u( a1 B9 A
163. Stand-in( U( @+ D5 {2 Q" z# w% h
164. Ride-in" b/ B3 M& Y( z* p* J m
165. Wade-in& f: U/ B, D6 W4 P
166. Mill-in$ }/ D4 u+ n i
167. Pray-in2 I3 v4 N$ w5 r; H# h7 F* C
168. Nonviolent raids* ^! W1 @9 c' U+ O" Y8 {9 r! U
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ o+ }) M% p. e' e# ` 170. Nonviolent invasion
, U' u" a+ y% z0 J q, W 171. Nonviolent interjection6 g; M/ u& X! @ Q* [
172. Nonviolent obstruction5 O1 g1 [+ r. p6 Z
173. Nonviolent occupation1 p& J. j; U) z v# I. }, D4 K
% w* _3 w3 f0 y. b" O
Social Intervention3 T a8 P3 y2 n1 G
174. Establishing new social patterns [& H& ?1 S" w7 A- v8 S
175. Overloading of facilities* a$ J. Y* @3 P/ k
176. Stall-in$ `2 Y2 F! t z: m( R
177. Speak-in
B |. d" y1 R" { 178. Guerrilla theater
+ f. O+ m4 O& S0 `3 s. { 179. Alternative social institutions: u" S' w8 B( I4 {
180. Alternative communication system
+ y8 J1 Y# P8 G$ f+ ]3 `) [% [2 F4 [6 M, b: c" l
Economic Intervention
* F& F, n- o6 j( H% U2 U% w 181. Reverse strike
2 }8 Y5 |- C$ e 182. Stay-in strike
, ?7 A1 T: ^: k7 @" k0 g8 U6 J: W J 183. Nonviolent land seizure2 S: [# ^7 T( |9 ~
184. Defiance of blockades/ e& Q; B0 G1 Y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 F" ?# C' [$ e: [3 c8 F
186. Preclusive purchasing
$ R) r ~# g* V 187. Seizure of assets
. x2 \, ^" e7 B$ R9 L! L 188. Dumping
# d+ w. y* V0 O 189. Selective patronage
9 Z) D2 b/ j$ ~) c5 J# r3 e6 a 190. Alternative markets1 Y1 P& r! T9 Y1 K j! d+ _
191. Alternative transportation systems
7 e& s t0 p- S7 ^. s' J 192. Alternative economic institutions5 y+ i9 g! O4 c3 G2 P; b
% ?# F" _% r: i! K2 f" s4 e u
Political Intervention
( }4 v( G) b6 I% P4 \ 193. Overloading of administrative systems% ]( H+ d( o4 h: a" L: c$ |
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 L. H0 ~# G) [0 Z+ L2 {7 { 195. Seeking imprisonment
/ k, ^) q! I( A( P/ m* z3 u 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% b( t- \( m. F. G" t, A- X
197. Work-on without collaboration1 D4 v' j$ w( h
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: k7 A/ C# _0 c$ F$ m
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
