 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ g2 s; S$ c" b+ y7 p. F
Formal Statements
" G9 R; A2 M% \, s 1. Public Speeches
( B' g! N0 s- k" J( [ 2. Letters of opposition or support
* a' U" [) q1 u& z5 G 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 G# o% U. a1 w( ?
4. Signed public statements
; Q* u3 t8 b' ] 5. Declarations of indictment and intention, F# R% n% q6 b
6. Group or mass petitions6 e d; d' [, O$ W! p+ [ G
; X; `/ L" ^- K5 kCommunications with a Wider Audience
8 N5 j( H, P' Z5 \ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) {9 X D! B" ], U# P
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, c$ ~2 H7 V2 {- T
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" S" \8 w: r7 [0 @8 y+ Y
10. Newspapers and journals% Y, a" {* Z$ k1 \* [7 k+ ^
11. Records, radio, and television* C L5 R1 I( E6 N1 J0 K( f
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 O( D2 h2 G) H$ A% i
/ ?/ V5 k! s1 N( p3 n0 nGroup Representations t" ]" @) H3 w2 m- W, ^
13. Deputations
4 ^) Z; i( U; d1 b 14. Mock awards
5 S1 g+ T- |' ?6 ]0 t& F 15. Group lobbying3 o, R2 n, C. e! Q0 d( S
16. Picketing7 e, F8 l3 K3 d" @
17. Mock elections
) \) }- x& a$ i! N6 N5 q- y* {7 Z, J- E$ S
Symbolic Public Acts
$ M* [% _8 I1 U) s) B 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 x7 i" b1 Y- A" `1 S o
19. Wearing of symbols
; E( |* k0 s" W( {( i 20. Prayer and worship
& S1 e* h* \; I9 U) l2 K 21. Delivering symbolic objects& h. f' ?) R) D% N$ Y6 t
22. Protest disrobings4 o$ {9 Z! b2 s5 y, a" D
23. Destruction of own property9 s/ [2 b1 Y! c2 n5 E3 B
24. Symbolic lights
: I. F, ~$ U6 m' `/ N7 ` 25. Displays of portraits$ J l6 W# R9 n$ x9 n3 a* M
26. Paint as protest
0 R' `+ N) e ~9 L! I( c/ _4 V8 V 27. New signs and names
6 d- H/ \ A6 ? 28. Symbolic sounds# W& E3 W' E* [
29. Symbolic reclamations/ ] v9 I3 R- ]) ~5 ?
30. Rude gestures! R1 r0 F: Y6 a% y
, _2 H0 N+ h9 N6 H# N3 r
Pressures on Individuals
( X- Y5 V4 n v5 E 31. “Haunting” officials& v5 [9 N: H2 H0 i; I
32. Taunting officials
2 y" j+ _$ \3 J/ L, v6 w8 h 33. Fraternization
]% A! ^2 y1 @' x 34. Vigils
( i' t/ M4 ]$ e; d$ }- r# Y4 P+ y
0 `+ o( v4 Q7 Z7 D- P3 xDrama and Music9 c" Q2 H% y$ B1 x+ q h, X
35. Humorous skits and pranks) a8 [; Y# y& M/ d @( i# }
36. Performances of plays and music8 j0 m! K% M' B$ u" h5 R I# v. |
37. Singing- ]7 f6 C) J6 e1 _
' L! E, H; t2 z$ s% `0 v9 y
Processions( j1 J/ S N; e$ a
38. Marches: t) w. O& S9 I1 q t% {5 R
39. Parades
3 z( \" K) B3 c# [* e 40. Religious processions$ b- ?1 i8 L8 e
41. Pilgrimages8 W) x7 z8 [ ?) Q& K
42. Motorcades9 Y+ x4 n# N3 z7 M |' O7 M2 H
# f: j- W1 l; m5 R5 RHonoring the Dead
& i$ l# U6 {9 d, v1 `$ [9 o, } 43. Political mourning
' y5 |- J) r+ A* ^ 44. Mock funerals
, a4 A$ Y) t: h) p2 I 45. Demonstrative funerals
) P- c& Z9 V# Z" B7 K7 O0 d1 b 46. Homage at burial places
# m4 \, ?/ H* k3 C. n7 y; T% u( ~0 z4 P
Public Assemblies* Q2 S$ I& B2 w* N2 A& M: [
47. Assemblies of protest or support* X& _7 F' i% m0 n0 c3 N5 H! F
48. Protest meetings
3 C+ W5 I$ ]" ~) D: l( h 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest K) n$ j' Y" }% J( M+ B' p! M
50. Teach-ins
& U6 y; p$ I1 f* m+ S) F) {# U# l. x% I1 ^% }! c. L5 D Z
Withdrawal and Renunciation
% I$ s5 P- ^; t1 X3 V; K# a d 51. Walk-outs
; M& L( l& \* z. v$ h ^4 M 52. Silence$ \% K4 n! r( @1 w4 C" ^
53. Renouncing honors
* v3 s2 H. R7 m7 Q d! w+ ]9 r 54. Turning one’s back
/ O- I! M9 s: n6 j- I" f8 |/ r! k3 m2 j
( H, Q3 z+ r7 y6 h# [$ R: R% s: T# k1 ]% [' t
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- l. d# s+ ]2 l: c, ]+ c/ {1 Z( H
C' @) c/ O. V& y
, p6 a6 }0 e# D$ b2 U2 E6 t# Y# R: g$ {* \& ^% X# ?' C# t
Ostracism of Persons! @' c( Z) n# l( }" ?) E
55. Social boycott
6 t+ Q I' Z7 \ q7 ^" U9 O4 Y 56. Selective social boycott
. p* K+ P# O) Z$ t 57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 s5 \3 H8 ^9 ~8 Q9 M4 \ 58. Excommunication( z" |7 S) E; s& I, W7 U
59. Interdict; u, O: b; z) t ~. j3 x
& v p) G3 W0 W6 T1 w
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
7 f5 ^6 G6 S& C( S, K2 u. d 60. Suspension of social and sports activities! V3 @/ t- X. T: G+ x6 l q! Z3 {
61. Boycott of social affairs- l" B+ D" \3 l! m& w
62. Student strike
3 y" Z# k& X- N; k+ n 63. Social disobedience
# D2 W, D7 _* w' P2 R5 O. ~& O 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* I9 ~" _& D) o) \0 X+ Y3 F' y
: `* ] e7 c- E- t& i5 B
Withdrawal from the Social System% L5 ^! a- J6 B- \+ A+ G2 Z
65. Stay-at-home
9 ^6 ^# j0 [: K, i) Z' G 66. Total personal noncooperation
" T1 M8 r2 r: H/ s; t 67. “Flight” of workers9 U" V" E$ Q: V' t" E
68. Sanctuary
! B6 F$ k( d3 I6 w* c0 M+ r( A- u 69. Collective disappearance3 W8 v; Q5 z- o% X
70. Protest emigration (hijrat) v7 @1 M' D5 R+ K' x! w
5 X/ O- _8 g* G! x0 | h 1 D6 C9 O4 Z: p! f# ?. P; ?
6 e0 Q3 ^- M% ?8 y/ @9 X) aTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 M' A3 z: g' P5 m
* C' ~/ F4 r2 N4 w8 y8 n
$ e/ f4 ]$ P& n% T y1 C2 u/ }Actions by Consumers
% @! ^( b P& r4 I0 g 71. Consumers’ boycott
( \5 L+ M. I0 A+ z/ u0 U8 Z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ W! B0 s; p+ @$ \ 73. Policy of austerity# }: s4 t; t* y+ Z F
74. Rent withholding' a' E D' @3 A3 k a
75. Refusal to rent
?' R* V/ G$ y+ F- X. d 76. National consumers’ boycott+ J4 U8 i2 M' g4 {
77. International consumers’ boycott: ?1 G" M( I5 O& i3 @% c+ r
3 U9 D( |0 Y8 W5 M* W+ M. bAction by Workers and Producers) @4 q- r, c- g0 \4 N5 z% p3 T( E. W
78. Workmen’s boycott& B* i4 Q- c0 H8 g2 u) R8 S2 Y& w
79. Producers’ boycott
; ?3 a, s2 p" h* E; K2 F) z" |5 L! A: i3 R8 Q1 P! s; g( e
Action by Middlemen* B; y% }2 D) [; e5 D1 \
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ D( E" X9 Z* I( B2 l6 U
* C: {2 a/ P5 Q3 s+ sAction by Owners and Management
$ H( t8 V; K* W4 x. X 81. Traders’ boycott) f! L, q5 h+ }. N# w: m, @! X
82. Refusal to let or sell property% Z' W. I! x9 A* v/ E* j
83. Lockout6 o4 G, N4 g3 x1 b
84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 S7 h5 X- Z8 D5 }) P+ X4 o1 I
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 M3 f; r) @$ N
" G4 O( T2 j; g' b% oAction by Holders of Financial Resources
6 \. T: ?9 }% p3 F. X3 V. ^ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& w4 B6 r6 S; X" O 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: e9 l* v8 u+ ^5 P$ G" D% F" n
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 |8 d; p- C. c [
89. Severance of funds and credit
n9 l/ L4 D1 M. H4 X 90. Revenue refusal
0 H. h Z4 A8 h5 [ 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 j. l1 y* @# o2 d: w/ f0 T$ C# ^
- W0 F6 Q% f( [0 c. n4 eAction by Governments
5 C. B' M& b& K 92. Domestic embargo
6 \) m' V& q1 q, A7 v 93. Blacklisting of traders* p9 p: H+ }& h6 { `& N
94. International sellers’ embargo* F* i8 d: x, Z5 a$ g
95. International buyers’ embargo
: e, ^4 ]7 A/ V i& h2 k 96. International trade embargo6 L: V+ K" R- F2 L) L$ G& [& k
7 j! o( ~! \* P* ` D 6 [# P+ L! k5 B j2 H& S
; ?/ Y! P$ M' B* \* I$ V9 M; C* N, hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 r( D: V8 X8 [2 M4 t* l
7 e5 ?1 X4 O/ \ 4 M5 y3 a) T' q
Symbolic Strikes% m% I& T) i* L" ~% U0 K1 M4 u
97. Protest strike5 y9 E' n1 d) V8 Z+ s8 n
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" @1 A: i$ f |) ^# F; ?1 W
+ [5 Z R0 n' R# a' w# w# f W K
Agricultural Strikes0 T- d) g. J8 d5 `6 M
99. Peasant strike3 u5 s% T$ l ]/ S$ d2 q
100. Farm Workers’ strike# Y" c: M# F6 q8 Y' M3 q# B
4 X* @2 J7 o* l. KStrikes by Special Groups
: I2 m% @0 i' G 101. Refusal of impressed labor! |6 l' G- S; ~$ [
102. Prisoners’ strike
: o" N, p) |& V* T, ^1 v4 y1 B 103. Craft strike. [. ]- b# [- g6 x# Y, Y
104. Professional strike
# ~7 V% M: Q3 Z- Y
/ y$ p, j# e6 s! Y8 `/ o! m$ e. C$ rOrdinary Industrial Strikes- e: Z9 y0 i' Z6 Q, u$ s4 N. H' q/ e
105. Establishment strike2 K- y1 n0 [! l( V, q
106. Industry strike
: Y' R1 q A' l& g 107. Sympathetic strike$ G9 [+ D: R5 T4 V' _) N" l* N0 h
1 `' B; g7 a6 ORestricted Strikes+ y7 x. E4 q+ E( P* r7 \
108. Detailed strike1 O( y+ a- m/ u, e4 Y
109. Bumper strike
- `4 @0 g' j' B$ I 110. Slowdown strike, ]" u% [' \ c3 p. e
111. Working-to-rule strike$ {6 B) _% r# M
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) C& N) h6 V: w 113. Strike by resignation
9 _ W/ i) r+ S( l- \ 114. Limited strike
5 T( F% ~4 ?7 x- p# a% `- M$ i9 b 115. Selective strike
* C1 \- K8 q8 O+ Y
% x2 j! [ {- e4 @$ }% M2 a, FMulti-Industry Strikes
, C7 U" Y! p+ A. j+ T+ |( x! X0 U9 s4 E2 I% _
116. Generalized strike
0 b8 y2 B$ X& j9 y: H5 W
2 x: { Y' w( i a) l 117. General strike
/ r. Y8 H, R% V/ N, h% H: ~/ M* w' _; ~. j" F" ^3 r8 y4 t
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. A& f$ }! Z2 b- }$ \3 |2 ^
1 N; P1 V/ ?0 J% U! q: E 118. Hartal8 x0 J- i4 y" I, a
d7 l- \* B D7 N# M 119. Economic shutdown6 p, _0 C/ _$ k1 S% `
. [0 m0 c1 n/ e # y$ a) y5 S" X6 Q3 g/ w2 l4 v! c
. b' l1 S$ t# ~# {& j6 O& \THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 o K& b. ^5 a5 }: w( g' X) M* _1 ~& X
$ a. n! b) j6 e! b# URejection of Authority3 {) f. ^8 K ]+ g/ S
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' @) i% [, B7 c. t6 e5 O$ Y5 a( O" { 121. Refusal of public support
( L% e; u4 e" w$ x 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 g0 W3 N1 P) e+ `! w/ S
3 Q7 X8 G: A( ?, X FCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 i+ Z/ g0 [, b! [2 W, i" ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' }! S5 B3 Z* O) I5 c# n5 E6 j5 S 124. Boycott of elections
' y8 Y# j# ?) {$ O7 E* W8 M 125. Boycott of government employment and positions( r8 B S$ R0 _, r* l& j& |3 Z9 h
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. {8 c$ a/ x2 E 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 j, F/ V7 J6 C& Z2 d5 z- K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 Y- C3 p' Q1 l9 h
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- R# l, |: O7 I2 S 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, I+ {/ j4 v6 K; ]
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 F1 Q% G" y) O- } L* D 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions3 J5 s6 u: u! o$ W' ~
. p+ ]6 C. M7 x5 FCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 {: h0 Q ^ O3 p; l) A' z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' R2 ?4 R8 T, X3 o 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ g1 o K/ [9 G+ {+ m0 C h 135. Popular nonobedience
* L" l. v5 ?5 F6 a- q8 m 136. Disguised disobedience2 q ~7 F0 [7 K' n" u. p
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. ]) r4 B# G# K t. a 138. Sitdown
1 [' ~* z6 {8 Q; j& g% h4 t 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 d6 L- U* R6 z3 v 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 C1 d( F; \. E5 u! e
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" E0 j0 k8 v, b& j; j6 ^' I5 E1 u# x4 \& z! \$ a
Action by Government Personnel
4 A" \2 \% D- j 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 c* j- Y3 c m4 G
143. Blocking of lines of command and information, j$ ~! Q u8 i$ `5 r; s7 O
144. Stalling and obstruction# B+ A. Z# v8 s5 s) `1 I
145. General administrative noncooperation
& t! K! f' l. c4 V. W1 Y& K) b: p6 Q1 x- k$ I* Q1 W; \6 I/ {
146. Judicial noncooperation
2 d3 N) k9 G3 ~5 v# {3 y9 z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. h8 s7 o7 s( S& J1 ^ 148. Mutiny
8 M! {$ u8 ~. SDomestic Governmental Action
8 S1 v4 s3 G- b/ w 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* A; m/ e' i& [' a- e
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 y9 `! Y3 n- t" M2 s h: @; t2 ?7 P: i% V' ]: B
International Governmental Action' @! U* _* X5 @+ J: q& x
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" c) B3 i4 s# y( G 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, G$ X' @8 c n9 j 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: T6 Z% d; \1 w% I 154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 L6 l. U2 O8 L" q ^# x4 x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations- j. P/ ?. r( U
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 J- K' y# }) A4 @ R% t& S. W: D% p
157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 r8 N" H; [ f( Z! l/ t. |1 n6 Y ?( d/ _
: |( [$ ` Y$ w. j6 i- a. i; H* s. B. `! w1 _! T2 u# f
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
R# U# S' \6 j; ?: e( b L7 c9 ?- L3 u2 u* L; o8 @" V
+ i2 {4 X3 T: Y% |4 @2 ~, F
Psychological Intervention
3 e9 w2 h( [" J# v 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( C8 o, x& t. j6 X$ _# ?" N) G$ g 159. The fast9 n* ?: B, k: @9 q
a) Fast of moral pressure3 K. g! f# P1 M
b) Hunger strike9 S7 s8 U- R' S9 h9 L* s! b
c) Satyagrahic fast9 M7 t* I' U& g4 ]0 M- C
160. Reverse trial
9 y/ M8 S- C" X3 i6 J 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 \8 o( w0 j4 c' N8 O& }
9 N0 |5 d) b* E3 V/ C3 S; Y' O; Q/ n3 rPhysical Intervention
% Y ^0 O$ _9 x) @* n/ g9 ?/ K 162. Sit-in8 C& J% m9 P9 o
163. Stand-in8 L+ n" P# n- O2 y' ]" f# |5 ?
164. Ride-in+ Y) k$ b. U" i @* |" ~
165. Wade-in, ^* M8 P( r- z& K1 E' U) t$ p
166. Mill-in
8 n8 V; F; ?. @$ q 167. Pray-in
- u+ U% @. U" x( w, v" U% X2 c 168. Nonviolent raids
0 R7 N; h/ _2 P% p( {; w: y# y4 @ 169. Nonviolent air raids) z# r( c$ m7 P/ V" G" [
170. Nonviolent invasion
5 _- E% I* J3 N; F+ u 171. Nonviolent interjection
. I7 y, U; q5 M' V% @! H& Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction# [. n+ H: n) |! a8 m
173. Nonviolent occupation
+ H6 O* @$ H* e7 \; n4 x4 D( v0 n& Y; _- ]
Social Intervention
. G5 t( ]# `2 O3 ^. X" L$ q* A 174. Establishing new social patterns. P% f/ W' q5 y3 U9 O
175. Overloading of facilities' J: g' h& @3 w$ w5 a
176. Stall-in
4 z% h3 `& J: Y6 r2 x" w 177. Speak-in
$ I; B! ^5 P; O2 G) j- X! W 178. Guerrilla theater% v3 U, g" |' I' `+ O: A
179. Alternative social institutions
$ n0 @% G; L a: s$ L, l0 w2 [ 180. Alternative communication system* Y1 x4 I5 b5 G8 W* A& u, q( u
7 d) \7 J- k. Q. R6 j: S# aEconomic Intervention
6 s- y& W7 R$ D2 z' V b! y 181. Reverse strike. Y- X$ d; g- V1 @
182. Stay-in strike
K8 p% J6 C( Y! R4 M% p 183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 I( a9 y' y4 H 184. Defiance of blockades9 r& E; I1 u) }- j! ~& v
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 P" [9 H; R/ X' K2 m% F3 i8 Q8 I* r1 ? 186. Preclusive purchasing
! R5 D7 N% R: r2 F: W 187. Seizure of assets
) T" v( B$ _9 a9 t8 ^ 188. Dumping4 s( [0 ?# f2 a5 p1 ?
189. Selective patronage
' s1 w4 _2 a7 G! u9 K 190. Alternative markets
- W$ C+ K k9 ?/ ` 191. Alternative transportation systems
, g' f3 Q- Q4 E: Y, p$ m 192. Alternative economic institutions/ R" x2 M Z4 I8 i
8 c4 l7 \! T: n8 |+ ?Political Intervention
' e7 s/ S3 A% r& ?! p' b. u/ m 193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ W7 K! G6 W# S, H9 S1 K8 S- J 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 l( V% m( |9 c& ?0 ~
195. Seeking imprisonment% D2 w( N/ N# p7 b: D
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 W( k6 w# j* [4 v5 F. D' f
197. Work-on without collaboration
( b: o) p0 v% B7 M5 _0 m+ o 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. ~9 Y* [0 v8 ?, Z, R3 ]9 I
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
