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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 X. I; Z0 @0 j
Formal Statements
+ U& R) \, W# Q) q! s 1. Public Speeches
* d) q# Z ]& y0 b+ \% s 2. Letters of opposition or support5 ?+ W: v, \! R' u1 \
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) v1 h0 z: O, L8 s% p: k' c' H6 o
4. Signed public statements
7 W4 ]: K2 k( ~! H& T: J$ Y3 w2 S# [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention& ^" H5 ]/ [+ u" T$ {: P/ z8 r& M
6. Group or mass petitions0 H" E: ~ _2 P
" s ~5 a8 p/ p$ w& @Communications with a Wider Audience, I' `. {2 L) H2 P
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 f. ?* ^$ B+ Q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 @+ s* E2 K4 B; w, b' E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- D; y1 ^# E( {9 |2 A% V# Y 10. Newspapers and journals
$ s _- M% i0 ?3 T0 P( n% W 11. Records, radio, and television! Y8 L$ W* b# t6 n( N1 g {" K
12. Skywriting and earthwriting, o# U" r# i( h5 P' [; Y9 s
8 z( ^( P. w" U5 w; q7 A% C* qGroup Representations7 |! ~! F- l* ~, h& k+ d2 |0 D
13. Deputations }' L- j: ]+ e
14. Mock awards9 D3 k }# d& p; K7 B d
15. Group lobbying
$ V4 q. v8 H# K9 i1 p 16. Picketing
$ _5 Z9 E7 h! y0 S 17. Mock elections4 }# ]% O* B3 o' n `' E9 d
# p; ?+ k9 t+ K4 A) T& _
Symbolic Public Acts
; T4 b0 L8 }7 ^! s/ X9 t% L" Y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& w' L. j; y1 U; s6 f 19. Wearing of symbols
3 Y1 u- ] D! y9 ?- l 20. Prayer and worship; l+ ^3 o3 b. j5 ?. A
21. Delivering symbolic objects0 V$ i5 s( ^9 F4 }5 d/ g( Z+ Y
22. Protest disrobings
: N, l/ j+ v% g! m' K 23. Destruction of own property
2 K( \$ I# d3 i% y3 b8 Q 24. Symbolic lights7 m$ x" S+ @. v8 ] I6 H+ i, ^
25. Displays of portraits G6 ?# }- a! Q G) D7 O
26. Paint as protest6 c& K2 u8 q3 z% M2 u
27. New signs and names
I9 |2 J& Z4 J5 z7 j) J 28. Symbolic sounds
* ]$ U( e' c0 C3 O' O; u: M 29. Symbolic reclamations, _2 l. p U0 e9 P' e7 q" E# S
30. Rude gestures' H) a+ Z2 p8 O& [
, h( c9 ?$ c6 ?/ S
Pressures on Individuals( b. F0 ?( K( T) [$ U J3 r5 `
31. “Haunting” officials( m# W' e. [3 g# ?: g& s6 g4 [
32. Taunting officials
, r/ W: Z4 x2 N4 J$ W 33. Fraternization
9 ?2 j0 b) y3 X+ C3 }3 U 34. Vigils3 s) F$ B7 y& E: S# L2 K1 L7 e w
/ p2 `+ v& H3 w9 l8 o; O! UDrama and Music
: V" }0 i3 T- F6 r. S- F 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 C, w6 ?2 D- Y 36. Performances of plays and music
( { c* D! C' d/ @ 37. Singing8 w. h. `5 @4 t) F" w5 C( E4 q
% F2 q/ M! M! W m% v! L( {& CProcessions
' G6 D/ m; s" U7 {( Y U- b 38. Marches
* p1 o- I" O( o: P) ~ 39. Parades! C( S; [. ?3 A1 A+ P2 U1 v6 l
40. Religious processions
2 r* N5 r% x2 }6 ^ 41. Pilgrimages: }# G; Z8 y# S( ]
42. Motorcades
, {) f1 ?" N0 E; I+ L3 x5 D- T K- {2 j" R
Honoring the Dead V3 K8 y- x$ Q7 ^- ~( A- C; ~
43. Political mourning
: H# u; h4 R3 l1 g" d6 a6 M8 W, M 44. Mock funerals
0 f1 L0 R; v; s2 J 45. Demonstrative funerals$ x! o0 D8 v$ O2 d8 }
46. Homage at burial places7 Y, J7 j/ ?2 W$ `
8 C9 t+ j% j' A( @+ ^: a! X
Public Assemblies7 ~% H# E& J4 N- z
47. Assemblies of protest or support; i4 R% N& ^' K. S
48. Protest meetings" x8 S8 `- i7 N! E( v
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ s7 _) B0 b, @1 m& Y+ @ 50. Teach-ins
$ H, _& s* M, F
M$ _$ ?3 r7 s1 m0 g) `Withdrawal and Renunciation, h+ R# Y5 \0 u4 ^0 ~
51. Walk-outs
3 I$ U+ F' k+ I& m3 { 52. Silence
5 } j7 J8 @3 b" x 53. Renouncing honors
0 ]6 u# l& E. Y3 O- E% r6 S7 I 54. Turning one’s back
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0 |. g }* d5 L: I . u' b3 ]0 ^3 G1 N% w @7 k
& g* h. s8 g2 s1 tTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; K& F8 }( ?# \) M/ K
2 e ?, @' r" U: f+ W% a
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3 E8 M% U- R2 N$ H( l R% e
Ostracism of Persons
& g: r! X4 B7 Z+ S3 J4 a 55. Social boycott
: O/ N1 | H3 r# @2 q( ^7 s 56. Selective social boycott7 z" r2 O( F* X+ |, x
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# Q3 L+ ~3 ]" }& t. ?( Y 58. Excommunication
" t& D$ W, q2 R" {# U+ F" W 59. Interdict2 B3 o0 M! p/ ~/ l- J* w9 g4 E
9 e( U, _6 l( ~$ \9 G- X( k, ]Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 b( L0 S7 o9 C: l, U* S/ _/ l$ E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ E' j, D# T/ V& q 61. Boycott of social affairs; {: e6 z7 q! B" _% y7 b' ~
62. Student strike b: \5 F- s% Z! p8 }- X7 ?7 o
63. Social disobedience* d- H: ]6 N3 |2 |
64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 p& c9 X6 i* ?$ C% z3 R" [1 G& n
3 V0 H' T8 o' b p3 l
Withdrawal from the Social System' {! K1 Y$ ~# U, d4 k1 Z0 o
65. Stay-at-home
7 \, o7 ~' K R' r8 F' x 66. Total personal noncooperation
# c. f8 i5 D9 i# J4 @ 67. “Flight” of workers
5 X+ b8 a. z; D; L' z* l 68. Sanctuary
$ ^. ]5 ~) B8 ]" S e+ j% u6 e+ L 69. Collective disappearance
; k4 K% j" @- Z6 Z" r m4 R- d 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 _3 {) }; e+ {1 C8 v% @
w7 G1 y. T4 M7 }! s+ |, J9 c
7 ~) l+ o& m" N5 V m) \: MActions by Consumers
" Z, S2 \9 j8 T! g2 y 71. Consumers’ boycott
* R% c' M/ n; T/ h+ T' F 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ @" ~# U( N" F. X4 J. V/ s
73. Policy of austerity
3 q0 b+ R% S! H s' i: m 74. Rent withholding% R% X3 B$ e# M. E# q/ w
75. Refusal to rent
+ I4 l! E ?# B% k" r 76. National consumers’ boycott6 D6 F+ O% F; c% x
77. International consumers’ boycott( m. t/ A& C6 J6 V
' Q7 b. n& d/ ~ sAction by Workers and Producers2 E+ ^& k2 b8 m" G9 m
78. Workmen’s boycott' k, Q0 n/ L; v9 N
79. Producers’ boycott0 L7 o; n' ?$ _ z c
! x l/ G3 Z* |! g2 Q. D
Action by Middlemen1 d% Y, {2 d5 R5 x5 D1 Q9 r
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott I }9 Y x6 n; W0 y
. o) _$ f( |, L6 N g3 [1 A+ ]/ GAction by Owners and Management% ^' u3 o3 I o8 R" x5 [! l9 l
81. Traders’ boycott
& D) s8 F) ~0 N* \) u 82. Refusal to let or sell property
m& A( G$ b/ g, S 83. Lockout
' c8 m+ q+ ^- ~: y+ }# Z5 o 84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 Y* K3 ~ r1 R
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 G0 t" v! q% h% q7 v, Q8 \6 ?. ^. Z. u- K& {5 u
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" ~4 H Z1 t7 |" U) f$ ` 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 S" V, _, g* n8 R! | 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 ^# D5 ~- F; d" z9 z. W
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, J5 m' e. c' Y+ }/ a! F
89. Severance of funds and credit
0 K/ W0 `3 x' v 90. Revenue refusal! O& x# O3 M& G/ g- Q- E
91. Refusal of a government’s money8 \9 V5 @& f0 s/ T: z- l
. W6 _* y4 s `( X4 H! hAction by Governments
9 j! b- B$ {$ o0 R! p& s 92. Domestic embargo
6 C5 A$ K& i8 f7 x! e3 r0 L 93. Blacklisting of traders/ Q0 i' Y, D( v8 V, i5 E6 H( s
94. International sellers’ embargo8 x- l e# E y- R- l+ D
95. International buyers’ embargo
1 ]# b9 q' M7 W5 [2 g$ @" N1 p; r- m) Q 96. International trade embargo# u# Y% N, Z& r# \3 a9 W/ O
& U0 f2 n3 t! M7 ?9 H8 z1 L * ^- Q: Y7 H9 U( ~" R n P
7 \- ]# U/ M5 \; a
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 y/ F: t; U0 z. T4 z
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1 f# {8 g w' Z9 O% rSymbolic Strikes8 b5 t9 |; X- L# A/ \$ X; o
97. Protest strike
7 Q. c/ }$ Q" ~" _" a 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# p5 `& }( _; U' @: D% K
5 k& t0 [& Z5 d2 n( m/ Q* aAgricultural Strikes
' t; h8 i4 l% m 99. Peasant strike
# @0 r b; [9 C0 T 100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 R" |* w6 X3 C7 e) G; H" t) E, s- l# I u; p4 S6 H
Strikes by Special Groups
7 V+ u4 s. }3 K 101. Refusal of impressed labor& f; }4 |8 {- }, ]7 V/ K* B
102. Prisoners’ strike7 m! a! e, H& `! ~, y" g
103. Craft strike* H3 m; ?7 \8 C! X9 ~
104. Professional strike
) Q1 O p, ~0 L3 O# F
$ @& t7 D" @( p& A. W9 nOrdinary Industrial Strikes7 o: a0 }$ P$ S1 Q
105. Establishment strike
4 O" y! o0 S* Y/ A 106. Industry strike
' Y" M$ y/ {; J2 p4 ] 107. Sympathetic strike8 j& C; u$ h% I9 y4 C
- k2 I; w& w5 [+ r$ Q+ TRestricted Strikes( Z1 {6 ?1 u1 C# h8 B5 [
108. Detailed strike
, k& j) B% u$ Q0 u7 G& J5 I 109. Bumper strike
6 _5 N2 @ S- `' U& n, g2 B+ a 110. Slowdown strike4 r- l+ t( S4 I& _2 [: I( D
111. Working-to-rule strike
. E' J! U5 s3 j" |0 J 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
! V( @7 D ^! G 113. Strike by resignation% t4 N. u6 E; ]' }9 S w
114. Limited strike3 s; a" a8 V- u; m" Y: Y/ ]. z
115. Selective strike3 g3 ~3 c* E% F& d. b
+ ?0 }, G6 l2 h! n0 x4 p3 \) |Multi-Industry Strikes! U8 h- P. C1 [
3 g* H4 L5 I, }& o8 Z9 u q4 ^
116. Generalized strike
$ l+ i& b9 I* V5 M8 K( B
6 d- n" i+ Z e8 Y+ Q/ u" _; e 117. General strike
& I7 h0 |/ V' S5 n7 K+ l B. l- d) P, l' a7 q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 i/ `( X( U P& m6 [7 A
3 | S4 |. z2 W4 E; X) e8 d: M 118. Hartal
0 l6 J/ ?4 H* A' i- g1 F+ o
8 C# C* X. F! K1 `# I% c 119. Economic shutdown
0 l$ D2 u) u+ s7 X8 Q7 t& Q: u+ r$ ?% m' ~4 @8 ~
1 T2 l+ y B, ~$ b2 h1 M! `# T
" n8 S1 k$ ^( i5 }% ATHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" h* h- L' P6 J+ E# Y5 v% m' e
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" M8 N% t- ` V# v8 k! t) d2 {Rejection of Authority
, a+ u. e* g$ W. u 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 n# D" J5 w4 @ 121. Refusal of public support
% v0 f! H9 e K$ ^# l 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 u/ p9 z0 }8 ]5 `( }
0 T5 x" ^) m/ k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government" ^$ u. ?' [! C: m1 m h4 |
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 m% y, r) J9 Y$ s5 @1 D 124. Boycott of elections, F/ S$ n, e/ [1 l! ]" C) z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% b1 X/ r/ Y# D0 Z( s 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* a, w: N( J% L+ {3 ?% ^2 q% T- p! N
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" A4 e, ^% A! p! { 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' A9 r1 V9 h1 C, U v
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! [# c6 P6 |' @7 I: k0 q; B 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 x' v+ u1 R- }) ^1 Z/ | 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 d! O- @+ U2 u; W& x9 e
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) f5 x+ ~9 O* X! E+ z2 ]2 v
0 N+ A4 O6 u+ rCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 q2 V1 T; {* ]8 N Q/ r; A: T9 Y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ U& }% o7 ~3 s6 W s+ ? 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) |' |: q1 E% w1 i- p1 t 135. Popular nonobedience; M# m, I C1 C% @' y3 v
136. Disguised disobedience' N, A( z- k% B* E/ ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( B7 e3 s D! k- _, ~' M0 |' | 138. Sitdown9 d5 q( a- W; n! K" c: `
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 Y# V4 n1 u& I6 v, P( N 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! M/ e( b! i! }* q% z+ O. U3 i 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* ~. C5 v" R) ]5 v% R+ f: u8 L/ t2 P6 x
% p- c0 C d& B" ^- H8 O7 T& f. D0 fAction by Government Personnel
! g" I4 C# |% ` 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 }! \ `% {& s7 _, h& K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 A2 G* r B8 @ y
144. Stalling and obstruction
, G3 P$ v5 g% f" u& f$ T2 @' e* a 145. General administrative noncooperation' }0 K+ R3 \4 [. U
5 E' Y: y: D, h
146. Judicial noncooperation& y. y2 `1 n9 V9 s; y1 q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 P' i3 t; A( D' E 148. Mutiny
7 Y4 U+ C4 r5 r- a J/ M# u% XDomestic Governmental Action
5 t U+ _3 Q% h( L2 M 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ _+ @" N @6 S, a+ f
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 m2 E Y! V7 o0 T: X3 s& k% B1 i7 w" O
International Governmental Action% F& Z' k! }' g& w+ M
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. J8 `2 a# U! V 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( P: B( v: n, J8 n3 ~; n' d( W8 H
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: Z) @) b& B; @! i7 ]' G( l: S* d) L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" r4 a- c/ B6 @
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" H* p$ Y0 g3 V 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! I! \0 k% x5 n5 V7 s( {. F- } 157. Expulsion from international organizations
1 W% W+ b8 @3 d4 g! H* N9 R1 f. w! A* k0 F) C
2 {1 B! k. N: [2 H, c3 x9 E; C; e% x# Y3 P" G/ L! ~" k3 ?4 ~
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 C5 {. S% V6 r
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3 G: J0 m7 j; ~* k6 H/ m0 dPsychological Intervention" Q0 I a) o9 Z% s3 @. _) ~
158. Self-exposure to the elements3 k; n/ t4 d+ O- n s& t4 ~
159. The fast
) c4 F9 j, E, u: j) N" m! b a) Fast of moral pressure$ n5 P) j u" {6 q# T& M
b) Hunger strike
* X* ?# J4 P) _0 S! { c) Satyagrahic fast
1 a0 k7 f( p, Z$ S% q0 T 160. Reverse trial
. V: B+ i7 t) w( C& k9 y 161. Nonviolent harassment
1 Q* v2 g- J6 @1 t% H1 d( {# h$ u7 U" u7 M
Physical Intervention, E# m% x( Y6 T4 n9 l; |( |1 w
162. Sit-in
" A7 A* Y- L# |7 C 163. Stand-in
9 V' u- A7 ? }# c/ w! t 164. Ride-in2 i: L$ d) U M, S8 D# u7 ?
165. Wade-in
( Y3 b% k5 x) x9 L, T, k! H 166. Mill-in3 x" Q$ y0 u; ]. a1 t
167. Pray-in# }, b$ i8 a4 _/ R- Y4 r* l
168. Nonviolent raids2 R! a- ]* Z# J" p
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 e* t7 l$ Z% u( k& b) d7 ^1 h! G 170. Nonviolent invasion8 t9 h* @2 l8 O. A9 Z& O
171. Nonviolent interjection4 r( \) ]% O- R
172. Nonviolent obstruction7 e) s: j B5 A3 T/ c- ?
173. Nonviolent occupation
4 @% }8 |3 m: j# Y& p4 ^3 `0 R: U
5 F" o& {7 R' rSocial Intervention
) O% a. v0 F! V% ` 174. Establishing new social patterns
) g% s5 K) C' ^7 s6 x& } 175. Overloading of facilities0 B) W5 V/ A7 C- k
176. Stall-in c/ H, z2 L5 q/ s
177. Speak-in; F& Z! V! Z# K! c' b
178. Guerrilla theater
' }$ ] j- B2 B* G' c 179. Alternative social institutions
1 l8 r4 x$ z* R0 q# Z3 E! n 180. Alternative communication system' L7 f) k4 x" u3 V5 y6 R0 } X
6 x0 u0 C% L# E) P7 p0 o* `7 XEconomic Intervention
" ]# I1 n, {1 | 181. Reverse strike F9 N2 D& V* h
182. Stay-in strike3 Y3 Z& o3 T8 [5 P7 M7 J* F* Y0 {
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. Q' @: t+ d) m; [/ V- n/ _ 184. Defiance of blockades! [, ~- e: t7 O! H1 g/ w, P' X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" v' R/ F ?; s8 z+ F* Z
186. Preclusive purchasing; ]9 E) ]4 U" G$ W
187. Seizure of assets+ ~2 y* }6 e: u; ^8 i. n
188. Dumping' M8 t& _" V3 V7 q
189. Selective patronage
/ c# L) D, Q5 Z+ J+ O2 o' l! z 190. Alternative markets& _# ?) \2 n9 w
191. Alternative transportation systems' j' ]) Q6 U; I* D. |: J5 n
192. Alternative economic institutions! R: {7 B$ O: H
2 F7 u& Y \5 j1 `5 w8 N
Political Intervention
! L! O5 o7 C& y4 b3 M J7 t6 R 193. Overloading of administrative systems
& Z! |1 s. V5 @5 K 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' ~ D+ q* e) {) f; e 195. Seeking imprisonment3 u8 f/ q( T r3 r" \ u+ {
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, b! Z# ]4 F3 q 197. Work-on without collaboration
" B; i& q* X8 h% m' z4 N 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
