 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 j2 l0 l* y, T( F' v' zFormal Statements
: {9 _7 [3 a2 k0 W# d 1. Public Speeches& _. ]( v ?$ q& ^
2. Letters of opposition or support
' }% L" n% w9 x- s7 z+ J 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 T) f: Y% n5 ]2 r; A& a! x0 w
4. Signed public statements
) p8 {0 s- Z3 Y6 g# T! d4 @3 X) ~3 w 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: b9 \8 Z3 y! d5 r. I 6. Group or mass petitions2 f, |4 O6 y# L" H/ P* g/ }$ i0 t
5 f6 v* x( M9 UCommunications with a Wider Audience4 X+ a' b8 P" u
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols& u8 F8 @8 e, o( z& \
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 ]+ L4 w% ]! o' M% j 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ |/ @7 [: [* N& ?2 {+ q/ Q# q8 q 10. Newspapers and journals) [" Y. r+ E1 Y, J# O- T3 C# W
11. Records, radio, and television9 h$ U+ o0 v4 ?' r
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ q& x, `% d/ f
2 o- q4 T: z) Q1 nGroup Representations* U8 S( [8 r- y! I# T: L) O6 r
13. Deputations( ?( h0 h1 G! R9 e7 }1 p' q$ |
14. Mock awards
2 d% C2 \3 Y4 F( e9 }0 g. B 15. Group lobbying0 G4 H/ z2 f( i m! F2 D
16. Picketing
& T# | g% s6 W) S7 G+ ~ 17. Mock elections, l" `) K- W! k! l- V! h
6 g6 w$ A5 r3 m* J8 ^Symbolic Public Acts
! P, ^* Y/ w4 \, U* Y: } 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- j# X+ P7 j9 F 19. Wearing of symbols
1 d$ v. I2 R; X8 L' h 20. Prayer and worship3 j1 z. i8 m. R& f4 O& H
21. Delivering symbolic objects; U/ `, I0 d% s1 \+ a/ U
22. Protest disrobings. V* X2 b# |% Q7 }- I
23. Destruction of own property
+ I$ N. w7 }4 G1 g" \& i$ Z$ ~ 24. Symbolic lights) J0 p2 \4 }6 X
25. Displays of portraits7 e6 z+ [: T2 f+ j
26. Paint as protest4 J) ?9 A+ c5 R( w& i3 R: R* l3 y
27. New signs and names0 A- ^$ Y4 T; K+ E+ y$ ?1 d, I
28. Symbolic sounds
) ?4 r0 {" O8 s: K | 29. Symbolic reclamations9 P0 S5 [/ P& e
30. Rude gestures
, j: ^" ~9 u* U1 b3 }! c; F& k# ^5 H, o8 }8 _+ a/ o: O! m7 J
Pressures on Individuals; ?8 Z! y% k% _* x; `. ^% j( l7 z
31. “Haunting” officials6 S# x. w+ ^' D* x' q* j2 M
32. Taunting officials8 U3 O2 z5 n& \( {- h( Q7 Y. Z. D5 b
33. Fraternization( U: X) r. Z8 n P! E3 S+ s, G1 T8 k
34. Vigils1 N5 l" h2 G; o8 |8 {
3 ^; i2 x. C5 n( n( X9 _9 oDrama and Music4 U$ L2 [, y( W; w
35. Humorous skits and pranks
) F, ~, u w- ~) W1 h- Y2 a" j8 u 36. Performances of plays and music+ p e* y& o) X7 p
37. Singing7 {% ]9 u& f3 ^% O
8 V% ?( j5 ?9 U4 g# d8 Q
Processions
4 c! `' C6 j% m8 ] 38. Marches# }' e1 T l4 {0 P
39. Parades
4 \2 z6 E' B8 a+ J 40. Religious processions0 V/ v; o+ T- S; |1 D. Z/ K
41. Pilgrimages4 }( Z' c% ?1 Y# W C3 K! n
42. Motorcades
6 s0 w# F" E3 H% V/ h2 O$ @% X/ k* [0 T% U! t( }5 }( A$ h* v6 Y6 [
Honoring the Dead
$ q& n/ J( I w- B. m4 z9 U 43. Political mourning3 ?0 Z `* i+ x: U4 s) B
44. Mock funerals
- C9 X5 y" Q) S/ G/ q- C. x5 [ 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 {( }' D' A1 U) s* ` 46. Homage at burial places) k' a( s2 @ y, e% \5 r
) B y z1 I2 d+ u8 Q& NPublic Assemblies. V: k8 i$ C$ g5 Z1 u, x
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- H5 r; f3 W+ I7 p0 i 48. Protest meetings) J. W7 @- a3 Q' \* c
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) a: g! _6 ?5 H0 M
50. Teach-ins
' m# E8 S3 L% E7 y/ h2 D* c7 s' B- F+ |7 P- ^7 A M0 H: I8 W: q
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 B/ A8 M, z! d+ u8 ~7 x- R
51. Walk-outs
1 j4 U. u. r3 u: c: a 52. Silence- l4 E) x8 g7 m& O. t
53. Renouncing honors
# t3 Y) N9 S2 V0 t$ P' |% T 54. Turning one’s back
5 r: z6 b. a$ a# t4 z- Q
; z6 T) `9 _, k- l - v7 W% h" T+ U
7 n* r) r, @/ i' ~
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 R- m* L- y; ]
) x3 \' k, r9 r/ Y* N
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Ostracism of Persons4 b3 q/ P+ A) _8 d' J
55. Social boycott( `5 K( S5 f- d* I
56. Selective social boycott2 S3 q# w1 L9 A
57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ N% n% E8 h3 F 58. Excommunication* u" f8 b) W, V* S0 V
59. Interdict$ r! M' T' p9 t) c5 E* Y* |; Z
' D7 b2 ~7 A4 u, d0 n4 PNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 {5 U* G3 P3 n% {; I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' M9 }& a/ E1 m1 h+ E N 61. Boycott of social affairs
" s- T ]0 w4 L# G2 j. O; [ 62. Student strike
+ E' f* i* d. v0 R0 n5 F 63. Social disobedience+ m; E: g+ s- I" W' M
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 ~+ L1 w4 q( @% W
" M" O0 e# p4 U' k% e# k! UWithdrawal from the Social System
2 N2 G3 i0 e7 A 65. Stay-at-home
' {2 M* y, O4 B1 P3 f$ F 66. Total personal noncooperation: H( _ w/ b; Z, B
67. “Flight” of workers
' L9 i( b6 }) n) M& B( \ 68. Sanctuary
0 ~( i7 [% @' e) q5 J8 } 69. Collective disappearance! h. S- A1 R% |, b: t" s- b
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
+ ?) S6 B$ J. Y1 ?8 {5 ^) w9 d6 l. l
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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4 i8 O W' A" [9 P' l4 I8 \
Actions by Consumers3 \) r' A$ v6 U% @& C
71. Consumers’ boycott# e z8 E4 J O/ P5 k& f1 ]4 `
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods$ N; \% b) `/ m5 l" t" h
73. Policy of austerity: K/ b# u# B5 }$ f5 @: a. c
74. Rent withholding
1 b& ]. }3 N- W5 J8 z' l5 B; v 75. Refusal to rent! \& c0 \1 q( v7 N
76. National consumers’ boycott& _, V- Z O7 e
77. International consumers’ boycott G# s+ H& A5 r# M% z) j+ t
- z, x0 u! N8 b; _* }7 }0 m/ {
Action by Workers and Producers
6 g# \. h1 \* W% e 78. Workmen’s boycott
# k/ E' `3 B* \! x" u" c' k 79. Producers’ boycott
" M& M& p1 h4 _9 ]& i- ?4 z' ]( j: d* {: p+ \( z2 I
Action by Middlemen
- ~( R F) |2 N% K2 k' c1 U% g 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 Z V A$ X% z! m# M: J' N/ k! u* ]; ?4 q: H( z
Action by Owners and Management
& x9 J* o; V5 t% A+ R% I5 t+ I2 q6 r 81. Traders’ boycott
2 {. f& a+ R; M2 M- o+ _9 ^ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
: x2 u, E' g$ Z% f4 o l; W* W 83. Lockout, v* _/ N* D! X9 @2 s: P, C1 |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 }* {6 Y2 R1 _5 a% G6 N3 l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 A Y. o/ j3 ]. X5 b7 y
, J! C8 K( R$ E! K, {+ E# @Action by Holders of Financial Resources
$ v5 z: \& `3 X: [+ K H 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' W/ ]6 t: D: ?6 I: G- w5 X
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ W2 j/ ^4 k% F. O# f
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, c1 g. Z7 y$ ]) a4 G! f; q 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ h( \0 l, S( V, ^; G 90. Revenue refusal
! ^9 z. W) D) ~+ Z 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 W& L! y J) O. b9 L
3 P5 j4 i9 _% t& s, R% N8 DAction by Governments' A& r8 u% _; {' g9 ]9 M6 n
92. Domestic embargo" \' H5 `" G- a K
93. Blacklisting of traders# D. v5 M& D2 G% M0 Z
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 Q# w" S* D8 Q 95. International buyers’ embargo$ g; F& ]) Y" t3 j# X; G# o3 a( t
96. International trade embargo
* W* E5 [0 n8 J) [, w0 n1 J) a. m$ E. y/ D- y6 o( e& G% n* W
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# \+ z0 P4 Y. v# J+ p
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Symbolic Strikes
( S7 \2 ?, ]7 O) L& i0 J r5 C 97. Protest strike K, y' C/ R! B" [
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 E0 [8 c+ T6 O3 y% [+ e6 Q
9 P0 B P' P0 ], Q, ]/ `
Agricultural Strikes' x4 D0 A/ z" w1 @/ K/ g
99. Peasant strike
+ m% ?6 K8 n* r K- B9 u- P% X/ Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike, P* a @( ]9 z3 M3 g, `5 K
+ M$ v. I, Y3 WStrikes by Special Groups2 l: [' i& e0 }5 i+ P
101. Refusal of impressed labor7 q$ s; L; y! \+ f1 C" R+ }
102. Prisoners’ strike
% T% t8 N* c6 H0 T 103. Craft strike
; `# |& x0 g& u 104. Professional strike r. b) ?% ]; X
: T. M" m* u# t% L% `- xOrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 K+ j3 `; @, ~/ `# ]+ S+ o 105. Establishment strike- w [( ~5 O! \. @, l3 o$ Z( h9 t0 N* S. X
106. Industry strike7 n7 X% ~6 h0 c4 `/ i
107. Sympathetic strike
# C; B, F- S. y/ d' q$ R( U. K. J. f1 L7 A1 g) q e! Q
Restricted Strikes9 X0 e3 t8 \) d0 }' y$ \
108. Detailed strike
8 m5 u5 g) G6 z, r8 w# Z 109. Bumper strike3 F, I. t7 j I* S
110. Slowdown strike
: L2 G: E: \4 y' ~1 t! O 111. Working-to-rule strike3 j0 r/ M. X! I' Y+ K
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 u% x# ~0 V2 [3 d4 N; o 113. Strike by resignation1 G; t, c, {( c- f
114. Limited strike
- j, Z7 I, Z7 {& o, O 115. Selective strike
9 |" A9 ~: g. D h- A6 @
, h5 e! @* x1 E3 x9 ^" d( \ _8 O$ ]Multi-Industry Strikes( g+ J7 L* E8 e5 F1 o) o
, ^* r" G6 z: W+ E/ E 116. Generalized strike& {" P5 K7 D9 G3 b2 J! O
- {$ k! t4 j, { 117. General strike. C5 ]& E1 t5 V1 O- w% H6 B& s( L
f; W4 U; ]0 q! D1 H
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 G( U2 A% A! ` w& H
- ~: N+ z! U9 x' Z; J: w 118. Hartal
% n# n! }- D) I# c) G" D- s
. r0 X) Y5 W+ B! W2 m 119. Economic shutdown; f8 K& N9 w7 t# c) w: ?' w8 F
9 ^6 D1 C9 I6 g: n & C. g: F9 X& p2 J( u. H5 ?: ^' u
. J9 y5 j$ }0 z; [+ j' Y8 P: jTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
, p8 B' ^" Q/ J6 ^$ A1 F6 u' v. w; r! h- v! g6 W9 \
) C! \; V' z1 N6 iRejection of Authority8 c( R( I ]2 j& ?* C
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# ^" P! w2 q+ o. h% V4 X2 l
121. Refusal of public support0 j V9 J: }1 j6 n, k7 Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: `" f9 E' U' l" U' I
" o& g; r0 X* ~2 Y( aCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government; K' V% g! K9 x& v+ i
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* k# f0 f6 ?) z& ? 124. Boycott of elections
& Q' A4 F- n; v! @' u7 C! h( } 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 Y2 o4 M8 ^2 N" e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 |7 ^) `- k/ f" i6 q7 U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 Z7 A) C. t8 {& N0 t2 r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) X5 j: i2 z. [. z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* u3 y/ J; t6 l* i s, P6 l* a8 V( b
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 O1 [+ s0 p8 [' d5 d) E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% k+ h2 ]/ c0 d8 H 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) ~! G" z& _4 x; w- d+ G; {5 F7 {
* P$ G* C/ ^- CCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& E- A) [8 U& q0 @; y0 E* K% N/ U
133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 u( n7 F" O$ ]# T1 Z# d' L: D; v: r' J
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ @+ h8 N+ m$ w1 Y& Y9 g
135. Popular nonobedience: D; i( D" _- H% E2 k/ f
136. Disguised disobedience
/ n# ^& J" C9 l7 ? 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: s4 |' r8 c" s3 i
138. Sitdown7 T) M* v; M* ]4 p3 C3 ]
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) v- [! B4 T6 l9 o z/ { Z ?. T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! u- w9 w1 E. c/ U
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 l8 s: S9 s3 p* S i
6 j5 m( o- x, cAction by Government Personnel
5 B Y* W& o# G- T+ [$ f 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! ^. |+ H5 V$ r l- L# ?) L4 ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 r2 [6 c5 o, B# r0 V5 L3 L
144. Stalling and obstruction
3 f6 T6 K& `6 }% z: s2 K1 p 145. General administrative noncooperation
& K9 C9 O% u& y/ _' _: T+ ~1 x7 g* C+ o' o9 o% S M5 A
146. Judicial noncooperation5 d% a& N k8 ^ o2 t! E2 z ^( `' z! s9 c
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ r, A/ s% [2 o. h5 W: m
148. Mutiny
o& ]- y# N8 k9 E% a% oDomestic Governmental Action
+ }( z( C7 T& T/ o; ^ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 g. u' F$ o7 _% o- }. t1 D* e' V
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- j7 I' w& P; W$ j" n) Z
( U% e" T% d# l- T& e& l1 b
International Governmental Action
. Q9 b, q( J: U1 u8 N/ D8 j% Z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ I3 h8 {0 t6 m/ [( i5 f& ]; E# n) L 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. y' W2 m5 C5 r
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 c! U4 w# G( J/ O1 V. z% L
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& ~- ^/ K [) X) z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations; @7 ^! C2 [/ M/ A! u
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" O2 ~; M# Z4 Z9 j) N6 T8 I; C- t; ?6 H- w
157. Expulsion from international organizations) ^. m6 U5 h @( { M9 x5 z
) G# d( F, ~. f: m2 ~ 7 N/ W2 h5 k+ F$ B, i+ U
+ ~3 P' F5 f6 F% nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
9 u) c( A& B6 w* W8 {; @7 ?$ q8 `, V/ D- w
: x4 ~$ f8 q: Z5 Y" f6 D, sPsychological Intervention
3 m* T; {. j" Y0 ] 158. Self-exposure to the elements
* F1 C3 e) `4 m9 Z4 B* c 159. The fast, U. W! c5 O9 k$ C3 E
a) Fast of moral pressure" N! n4 i2 ]! P' `
b) Hunger strike
. A! _+ ^. X/ t1 G c) Satyagrahic fast5 f" G, V% C E! f& p% e, c
160. Reverse trial
5 U. g' |- E- w3 z' i5 v5 C5 a 161. Nonviolent harassment
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# v8 m/ H/ P6 R2 C2 j; p9 q5 K# yPhysical Intervention0 @# _, }, C3 F3 C; w
162. Sit-in( v3 ?4 E- i9 c( B7 t
163. Stand-in; K- ?/ v! O4 K& ?. k# q" w D
164. Ride-in
& p! S4 E8 ^8 I% N! [ D 165. Wade-in
/ g7 D9 N4 i% B 166. Mill-in
% i, Y5 [% U& E% N7 \/ k 167. Pray-in
6 D+ K2 i5 }' u3 E 168. Nonviolent raids
" V, B3 y/ e' f( { 169. Nonviolent air raids
% a) J4 t5 W7 D5 \# A$ x$ t 170. Nonviolent invasion9 R- j& P# `0 y5 B
171. Nonviolent interjection
, R1 w7 ]" }* Y. r% _& ~6 j- m2 ~ 172. Nonviolent obstruction1 X4 c F6 k0 X
173. Nonviolent occupation
6 l' \% u+ _1 w' U6 j- X, @3 W% R+ d- G) u" G" i
Social Intervention
( L2 O9 g. G; D" f4 x3 R 174. Establishing new social patterns
) Q5 E' }& U4 F$ k4 g2 k 175. Overloading of facilities5 j' Y3 a+ E; k8 x: R2 I0 Y( K
176. Stall-in! n$ ^* O) } i/ L% }+ y
177. Speak-in
+ p$ {& L% U8 A3 u, C" H0 G 178. Guerrilla theater5 Y1 f; ?3 a$ ^# H9 M9 L
179. Alternative social institutions) ^ q G0 R! z l& E
180. Alternative communication system
. _3 F" {* X# X6 y. j6 m9 K6 t" V! V' i' a7 p
Economic Intervention5 Y! P0 I& }' s5 `3 O. J- A
181. Reverse strike
; Z% Q9 C% E- }5 [ 182. Stay-in strike* m" l4 A3 [/ b! x0 Q" @
183. Nonviolent land seizure* V6 \& U( q4 M0 V7 U
184. Defiance of blockades* z0 f: W! E" `1 N9 u8 z0 Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% Y$ D$ y5 y: P2 K. |
186. Preclusive purchasing
# G2 B2 q" b+ U4 }9 ?0 U$ o 187. Seizure of assets5 N8 _5 b% ]- X
188. Dumping! X# \0 e7 F! _# B# U2 n
189. Selective patronage
" E: [- R( l( b 190. Alternative markets
0 |2 i n/ }2 s$ ?2 _/ g 191. Alternative transportation systems
# z1 b+ n9 t8 W( C. j 192. Alternative economic institutions$ Z% Y ?* U" B
" b' W* `6 J2 L( T+ u2 tPolitical Intervention& C- R! ? x H& [
193. Overloading of administrative systems U+ D7 w( H- M) j2 f& |
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 t g1 ]+ d% u- k N 195. Seeking imprisonment
/ z: ]* f/ P' R4 L& D1 ? 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& l% U+ ?! ^; o q 197. Work-on without collaboration% C+ ?* Q8 d5 A' C2 y# A! S
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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