 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! }* D" G' W' J8 \+ G/ |7 e
Formal Statements
% x0 ~/ b, T! N 1. Public Speeches
% d" c* A3 k- n! J. D- u4 W5 K7 \ 2. Letters of opposition or support+ H( U% A: r/ ]9 E
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: m- {; D$ p$ m% [ 4. Signed public statements
. y+ C2 E5 ]% v7 [- Y: ? 5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 a5 }$ T6 H/ l: R
6. Group or mass petitions
# Z k. z1 s6 S& s! w0 i$ t$ y7 ]7 j- n+ V% Q; o
Communications with a Wider Audience1 m2 X, N" a5 E# J2 F
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 V0 e( ~( Q4 {6 B1 f2 @2 Z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 e7 G* X- A7 E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ I0 t6 U( [, F0 U
10. Newspapers and journals
. X! V/ {" G7 ` 11. Records, radio, and television
, }8 Q( l+ D; P 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* s, t* ~, c! f( p- [ ]; G9 n$ i k6 j2 V; x! y- J
Group Representations
8 m: r/ s2 f5 J, }4 _: N 13. Deputations
3 S0 v9 f' A8 E/ s( C 14. Mock awards
" q5 y, B' `& S 15. Group lobbying, R3 _7 m5 _% i0 K( G! n/ ~
16. Picketing
* Y: E o. `$ X J3 g! W' p 17. Mock elections' c5 U" O9 W! @, |1 o& B% q4 L
+ J: `2 ^% }$ b% G# M5 R: ]- Y, R! l
Symbolic Public Acts
* D! E2 ~) _* P* X6 U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( F9 N5 R% B7 x, B# }( O
19. Wearing of symbols
# p5 s. I1 e: \% }. c6 Y 20. Prayer and worship
' B# m3 ]* Z0 d4 {9 x- j 21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 \6 i8 b4 T& D 22. Protest disrobings3 ~; P8 d' V; O, S% b
23. Destruction of own property" h, |( F$ G8 l- ^+ \5 _; L1 m7 o, r
24. Symbolic lights- z1 T8 W9 Q% W+ h9 V' H" H6 W6 ?
25. Displays of portraits
/ m) ]. d2 q+ a 26. Paint as protest
1 p$ q" W- N; M M 27. New signs and names
b7 o8 }: N3 A+ Q, o: z3 _3 @2 B( E 28. Symbolic sounds* } F) F/ v' M$ \
29. Symbolic reclamations
8 S z) F# N) u$ ~6 z% b 30. Rude gestures3 F( g1 X: i' `
o$ i- ^* `8 |' E
Pressures on Individuals9 c5 f2 O$ j3 q6 S
31. “Haunting” officials, W* F3 y3 X: p) c- ?6 R# x
32. Taunting officials
% H# p6 Z" b* ~/ j% u7 G 33. Fraternization2 r. L: r6 {2 X" G$ a
34. Vigils
$ o6 s: f/ w( ?9 F7 v. f$ j( H! B4 r9 q
Drama and Music; V4 b3 r- q: u
35. Humorous skits and pranks
- ]8 b0 m$ W1 }8 V9 e; K 36. Performances of plays and music
1 m7 J! Y* j- W4 j- e 37. Singing0 J% ?) l* p7 ^8 G: b0 H
% n9 s# E, `. }8 e1 MProcessions
) [/ ?5 z9 D* I3 }5 P0 t 38. Marches
/ f/ w4 `8 z) V6 J& s9 y 39. Parades
' b/ D5 y% W% ^, k- ? 40. Religious processions
7 K0 T3 m, L/ h* E* w, H% | 41. Pilgrimages$ q9 s8 F% P3 Z. N$ ^# G, @
42. Motorcades
- Z3 \6 X$ }% r$ F, l
8 c- D/ [; K# cHonoring the Dead
! W( w* Z I& m1 f 43. Political mourning% ?& y. U2 N" _1 ?& a1 b
44. Mock funerals& \6 {7 @- Y" ^/ t7 F8 Z# Q
45. Demonstrative funerals
( c: i1 h" c; p. b6 G7 }% k 46. Homage at burial places
$ Y9 W3 X6 ^) i, ~/ y, _/ b
# ^! h, W4 |3 K% d# u# fPublic Assemblies
5 i, \: m# k$ C! h" o5 R 47. Assemblies of protest or support- N( g, v U$ P! @$ T
48. Protest meetings: m$ A/ E' F" y+ P% @: ^
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; G; `4 }+ Q+ f
50. Teach-ins
3 h6 H; h0 M( z0 |* j3 U+ [+ ~* u' v f& N) U" |+ t1 g7 p2 G3 n1 ]
Withdrawal and Renunciation
0 H8 k. c* _8 {+ N$ j 51. Walk-outs
3 T# N- l; h9 a 52. Silence- l% k" a, B$ q) ?3 J
53. Renouncing honors9 ]' X o) v+ q. M2 [) K& A! [4 U5 j
54. Turning one’s back% k" v: k2 S# P" a* t: ~6 G
4 X" h5 H/ g6 [6 c% q9 E& K) M' G
/ [, r }! n y- N) N- G5 r% m8 x. I( v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ o$ J: X) e9 F1 W1 [. P/ x9 J; {8 T9 k4 N i' G
4 Q; U0 P$ w+ R' c$ z3 X( n: y- q7 U! q6 D4 w6 k4 R
Ostracism of Persons6 K3 @/ D. E- d! N' n9 O" g
55. Social boycott' e2 H H' ^3 E* \$ s$ x- e0 B" `
56. Selective social boycott
, \; {& |! m) \8 r7 G6 D0 o2 e, x 57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 z" Z' o! j- F 58. Excommunication+ t" p2 Z9 h& ?& O* x3 h; t
59. Interdict% V* u$ ^4 Z8 ^! A B
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 B( O7 x3 q9 f5 e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 p+ c6 l6 P8 } 61. Boycott of social affairs
) c/ X3 r* @ R3 ]1 Z) L5 h 62. Student strike
j4 x+ E8 X3 p& `# A; ~3 `* q2 m 63. Social disobedience
# ]5 p4 a ]8 D* i2 _ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 A' `1 U R& h8 q0 S& q0 `2 F
+ t/ }( N w! BWithdrawal from the Social System
/ [7 H+ C2 s% _) R( J 65. Stay-at-home9 d5 r* ~2 Z1 e2 j0 B& u% H) ^
66. Total personal noncooperation: E$ _5 ?% r; k F/ \" v
67. “Flight” of workers$ K$ F8 Q. [. O0 t0 f& j
68. Sanctuary8 m( e$ a. M5 Z6 C! Y+ C, I' V h7 C
69. Collective disappearance
! K! I1 D4 R5 G8 e; N 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- [) X2 e# `' |, i6 S) F
9 Y% U- A7 O7 e7 | # G {, n$ D) O$ ^- L) u% n
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 ?) k5 w' l4 d% x/ x. K3 |" ~. l) j' n! t
0 U* v2 f# V8 t8 c. t; KActions by Consumers
- U! S; \0 k- c$ d3 A. D 71. Consumers’ boycott
' }3 g% \4 ?/ J 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods* N5 O1 B( \3 P, |' I9 i, W G" z
73. Policy of austerity( k0 }/ G" E- J. `: @" Y* ?
74. Rent withholding6 X/ C# H& E3 p1 I( Q
75. Refusal to rent
& }9 I$ S. ^, K& v( n; G 76. National consumers’ boycott: B2 r' T M% S) Y' Y1 o
77. International consumers’ boycott/ c2 Q$ e. h# J4 k4 a' y& U4 \
/ Q& \2 f' Y( Q0 d6 h) NAction by Workers and Producers
2 D8 |: z& u5 J9 }' ` 78. Workmen’s boycott, L O# p# s+ s
79. Producers’ boycott% T8 K# m8 J& U
9 P; g8 A7 x N4 {& k
Action by Middlemen2 x& V4 m; X( w4 d# W# w
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 U" v7 W) H$ x
9 J9 p" P1 I6 ~1 K$ S; hAction by Owners and Management3 B# M" K, n* c1 L, P3 z- G# S
81. Traders’ boycott
* A) F4 I; {( p+ G: w 82. Refusal to let or sell property; ^/ ~$ B$ Z8 V. {
83. Lockout
/ U# \/ I3 v6 @" W8 a 84. Refusal of industrial assistance& R" D4 k5 M B }& s
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# J: X- y$ t) I
( [$ Q' V& K0 K' v6 }7 {9 OAction by Holders of Financial Resources# U/ w5 ?/ u1 [( W: z: x9 N& W4 i- j
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 q+ H( L) k; o x5 L) t: b( L 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. i- v. _( U) d. M* X6 O$ [9 l
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: P- h/ G% N& x2 s( O3 O' N
89. Severance of funds and credit' Z* R; w8 A# t
90. Revenue refusal
2 y3 g' M9 x5 a- @9 J4 j4 a# O; R 91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 ~9 P7 N, w4 e2 e
; u, b( |0 f. B4 ]" \3 ?Action by Governments- ]5 b/ p$ u* i- X/ }- o0 J A
92. Domestic embargo5 {2 e# V3 F) P; P
93. Blacklisting of traders
" V( W! E2 T: r2 q! _% k7 }% Q9 \ 94. International sellers’ embargo: u. f9 n& V8 S( \8 a- h- c
95. International buyers’ embargo& w7 [0 k7 F1 p/ ^* `2 H
96. International trade embargo
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/ p3 x1 }; f+ H! }2 ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ `$ C2 a/ ~ ]
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( w8 g, }. m7 b0 K, K' X
Symbolic Strikes
. Y- J. z" e4 E& \ 97. Protest strike; h$ @, Y% g/ f- S8 |
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) r) c1 k' R* C$ C7 j/ f+ H( |$ y
) i2 Z0 `, X& ^& ]$ R9 O3 @7 p& tAgricultural Strikes
( l( Q- u. `$ m' F* ~1 h 99. Peasant strike
) Z% ?' e0 G5 w) x4 V: l7 L1 v 100. Farm Workers’ strike
& s- f2 I2 c$ Z
8 y+ Y* A, [& M) W* f; }Strikes by Special Groups
5 J n$ n$ |* u 101. Refusal of impressed labor
) D8 }# O# u$ I# g. p, f. O1 I 102. Prisoners’ strike7 k3 a6 |: m. J# t" ?
103. Craft strike" Y. d w' w, g. u- ~
104. Professional strike
o2 x, R. }# B+ q! H2 }" ^' G2 _$ Y o9 [% _+ O+ z( l8 }& E# U
Ordinary Industrial Strikes" d( e7 u1 J( }. H# B. s9 Q
105. Establishment strike) u3 Z3 e% ]) c# R" S2 K+ i/ c
106. Industry strike
& I- c3 L; {7 M1 { 107. Sympathetic strike
! x" m5 ^9 s |/ u& V& u) c3 ~
, z Z3 y; g. _; }8 eRestricted Strikes
: [2 i* k% a: U4 r 108. Detailed strike
, v/ y* o8 ~8 d; ^ f 109. Bumper strike S- |" c9 D: O9 u; M
110. Slowdown strike
! `8 \: W* j+ w 111. Working-to-rule strike
- V/ b# Z: U0 L3 y: ~ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in). c. @2 P4 h$ A5 R" K) ]
113. Strike by resignation
* Y9 M7 a r: M% E V 114. Limited strike; y, e0 R6 ~( m/ Z
115. Selective strike4 q) @; p: S! ~$ _
' @" H2 a, E6 U" d8 E; g$ B
Multi-Industry Strikes% ^4 e, b$ g: J: j! p
; }6 \# A5 f+ g1 O; \
116. Generalized strike9 _# o' c$ N3 g9 i- l
6 {2 A v+ E& { 117. General strike
$ F( n, _9 w1 X1 G9 _9 y- x
$ P, |6 N: J$ l1 f7 zCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ e+ e: x& K2 V {# f* @
% h! Z3 q; N, T+ z( ?& X/ E
118. Hartal. k% g5 t7 o/ x' C) e
9 b2 A& Y. P/ Y' E% ?: y. S
119. Economic shutdown/ a% p) R" Y" q5 A4 p
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 v+ T4 R J5 b, u
3 q: e" r* }# oRejection of Authority
3 ]6 } A4 ^# R# s. U 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 y! p: z# E( z4 ?5 N M
121. Refusal of public support( F" c9 O" w7 S' y D1 B# G
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 N; ^' E& F ]+ A5 H7 D7 D' C H D: D. s: ]
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 h1 a; G9 Q4 R* M2 |$ H
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: B" r5 a% ^8 Y% P; ?' x3 N 124. Boycott of elections
' n& D$ E" t! T z! ~2 f 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( ?2 H5 Y! v7 U; _: J0 m# D 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 w% H2 e; i: t7 O! D3 ?
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ [. W! |: |3 g+ Z" s% C4 J 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, B1 f" P% P8 }( P 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' \1 [0 R$ b1 n
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' V, N4 b' ^$ B4 D
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 j7 Q$ r0 b/ J( Y& O; S! N7 H
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ ^1 E/ G: ^! M; [* _4 t: {4 ?
* B9 a) |; C2 X# @
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 C0 z( t, E' F ]# D8 v
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# ~4 ~" d) Y9 `4 N
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. ~; a$ x" ^ { |6 x& m
135. Popular nonobedience1 G' V6 V7 O( B
136. Disguised disobedience
( E5 }5 o% Y' W, n' Y) q0 Y: g 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 n) L6 |1 E M- v. {1 |$ o `
138. Sitdown1 @) `% t0 b m& \$ D3 c
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 D8 Q# `' v9 C6 i8 {4 L" r 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 ~6 j8 H: {0 `9 o ] 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! p6 p; W6 Y! r6 D9 d
, m7 Q; x# i( T% a
Action by Government Personnel
- j7 j) m) i# P5 h/ U 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
& L# _" O( y3 I 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ M O6 A# R5 }& i; c 144. Stalling and obstruction
- Y; d- k; y' n- K5 j- S 145. General administrative noncooperation* j: m5 T/ y" j
. s4 }. @ p6 N6 r
146. Judicial noncooperation1 F1 v! M B c x8 J% T
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) }9 B$ v, y% i! W, i& D, W: N 148. Mutiny9 ~' d$ I; K6 `& J! @5 K0 a
Domestic Governmental Action5 T5 p3 B& V% q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 r' W0 \# _4 d; o6 |! G9 {1 v 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 I# ^3 G: V8 z% j3 F+ |
p' U- \. M Q3 uInternational Governmental Action9 R7 ^* H4 {& H p5 Y( n
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: F/ U* Z5 l0 F4 [( h5 W 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 ^; X$ I" F+ s. v. t3 g" [, s 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! G8 h( O* A3 L0 ~) P9 \ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 I1 Y/ ^, l& S/ v6 a
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% [2 ]! @/ Q# x" u 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% P0 k& J% Z6 ?+ w) Y
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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& h$ Q. Q7 \( l8 Q9 } % j( e, S# I$ Q4 V5 @) `" P! n
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention! Z& [$ D5 F& J8 t5 H
158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ p: ?* @# D5 i5 D 159. The fast
4 C# Y4 Z% F. ]0 A* m' K, P4 f# U3 w a) Fast of moral pressure
2 k/ q1 N% L8 v# b9 r) o8 U b) Hunger strike! g, R J; V) D- b ]
c) Satyagrahic fast8 s, O! v: {- v9 {) _
160. Reverse trial
% f2 S1 |5 K+ a9 t1 h7 p 161. Nonviolent harassment
O1 u4 C% N8 F7 L; C+ ?% X) r* P2 I" Z% w1 N7 Q
Physical Intervention
( Y, `7 }4 R$ D: r" [2 Y K 162. Sit-in! E2 g/ B7 i1 e
163. Stand-in( F a- P5 k- [8 C
164. Ride-in
1 F4 ^( k. j! z1 k$ `; u. v 165. Wade-in5 }" y7 F: N8 A
166. Mill-in: n7 M. L: h& i1 U% R* X
167. Pray-in
, J& Q) _7 J. e* Y% N4 U 168. Nonviolent raids# p7 y5 y: K! a/ N0 n
169. Nonviolent air raids7 |, k( c7 y; O
170. Nonviolent invasion
$ L @& k; t) v. v 171. Nonviolent interjection. z: {& Q6 m0 S! F- A
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, }( d( T: w6 i( G 173. Nonviolent occupation. i% ?$ u% P$ _' Y/ E: N U
4 \2 f$ c: |; N4 D1 J) F" M3 N3 v. kSocial Intervention
6 Y; @# \$ L5 t8 S c; T 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ s) V' ~- F/ y) d 175. Overloading of facilities
7 T [) b% q L9 @. [; @ 176. Stall-in
: q9 u) h9 W5 h6 e$ e3 ?+ ` 177. Speak-in
# k/ V) V7 _5 O1 I! Q1 z 178. Guerrilla theater
' c8 h- n0 J5 k* G- f1 D6 u$ T 179. Alternative social institutions
% i7 Y; _3 c/ I( O! D9 K- r 180. Alternative communication system' n" L7 t% V6 ?: e# y) G2 [, B; U
: v# @0 @+ l, a2 B5 q/ S8 f% O0 Q3 k5 M0 GEconomic Intervention/ N7 l |, V% n0 ]
181. Reverse strike2 O4 |# ^2 L5 u* I8 S
182. Stay-in strike
8 N: H$ Q' U, r! k/ A+ a3 }% W 183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ i7 m9 I7 J6 a' o8 Z2 N 184. Defiance of blockades: g- `3 o; R7 {) i5 ?8 ?
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ T; L) V/ }4 `9 W
186. Preclusive purchasing
9 Y6 w+ e$ `- i3 K% c9 g 187. Seizure of assets
! h. S a6 U! q( d4 e2 A 188. Dumping
" q' @0 [1 s) \' b, S 189. Selective patronage5 W' K$ d- E* S1 d
190. Alternative markets7 X0 C+ N5 c: S, |' i. R2 K# \& c
191. Alternative transportation systems
; B( m; h! h- @0 H4 \' x 192. Alternative economic institutions9 B/ p: m3 a6 L, E$ T' ~( B
) z& I. |9 m4 g: |Political Intervention
. j; `4 l3 X# ?8 G 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! i, q2 t7 |# I0 y3 D9 g. l2 y4 j6 [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
K% |; B4 S' Q9 F/ J 195. Seeking imprisonment& ^" u% ?+ S8 M$ g0 Q9 G
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 X; V! U0 T( B
197. Work-on without collaboration$ v3 v( I) w; k L
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
