 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, ]9 [' e5 p4 ?/ [( R* y
Formal Statements9 F' z5 R* \$ p2 u
1. Public Speeches) v4 Y* y( p1 H3 b8 n5 n0 ?
2. Letters of opposition or support
5 Z! |" y, ]7 q8 L l5 P) E' D( w 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 v4 Q) D: m' R7 x8 w1 R 4. Signed public statements3 H \- G1 ]" v! M% z) L
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 z' q+ s3 K, m m( F& F
6. Group or mass petitions
5 w; h/ i; L, M
0 B0 u4 W# L$ A8 t% g$ _) eCommunications with a Wider Audience
( [( U6 U- ]- x1 ] 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: i- L) H, w/ k: ^+ \) R1 x 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
@, g- W$ m+ Q; c( t# a, I 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
) v& Q. e* A8 ?# z5 Y! z 10. Newspapers and journals9 ?2 }2 d; `, z: y( j9 v
11. Records, radio, and television4 i3 ^+ T( h' k f+ R* @+ B8 S2 ]
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' U* ]/ A& @7 }8 P! d# L. A% D/ o5 Y. L1 t$ ~1 x) f4 U+ ^
Group Representations" S# l# \; F4 p
13. Deputations
6 W. k3 z* u U k/ n" k. A 14. Mock awards
, m& L3 d' D+ b: |& m. D! P 15. Group lobbying" T9 ~+ @7 s4 }% A8 f% B
16. Picketing# m/ q% Z3 g( n7 k" V
17. Mock elections4 a! k9 `* ~7 c8 g5 ]
7 a0 M7 ]5 S+ d2 ]1 S. \Symbolic Public Acts3 w t4 g/ W2 q$ r2 o! y% v, ?) E
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. d, @) R* X8 h0 P$ c 19. Wearing of symbols
# D# J7 i$ C2 G# b4 Z4 m9 S 20. Prayer and worship
% |, H( k' l. `5 ^9 t 21. Delivering symbolic objects
s! j+ e* m; S! P% Q1 d" o3 I7 Y# { 22. Protest disrobings
! F7 w+ W$ p! \) F 23. Destruction of own property
* G4 K: q8 W3 D( o 24. Symbolic lights8 @1 J {- w% `
25. Displays of portraits+ G% O3 v/ C5 R
26. Paint as protest
# h. J4 H- O3 M. Z 27. New signs and names( r8 ]! ?# s2 s8 I9 y
28. Symbolic sounds0 t6 e! b) o9 f0 t
29. Symbolic reclamations/ m; c4 J7 }6 l" ~. f
30. Rude gestures
1 n& }5 F: r# X2 n A6 T2 Z+ [! W) q
Pressures on Individuals d8 T5 m% n9 ~
31. “Haunting” officials, F, \9 p3 f# {3 M; Q1 X
32. Taunting officials
6 h# \9 C; S: j" [! D+ o w- G* I- P 33. Fraternization
[; v. Y+ D/ ?. P 34. Vigils4 y, G, R* a k6 n9 J
0 G4 s1 ~5 ]- y9 UDrama and Music: q; y' R# w; L3 V$ g, M- R
35. Humorous skits and pranks% [# k+ w/ [$ S! v2 y
36. Performances of plays and music/ U- A" q, r7 T4 o. T0 c5 D
37. Singing
2 R. r B: M# i8 X) @7 L8 n3 _# r7 {( e! f7 D, G- H
Processions
% k7 R! Q9 d; ?, L9 B/ K8 ? 38. Marches
: ^: V" p, b3 d5 }( [ a 39. Parades! r4 \9 B7 a# a8 u+ Q3 J0 F
40. Religious processions
+ {3 V" ]0 F! o U$ y/ k 41. Pilgrimages1 H1 W1 P+ b: b$ j @" P
42. Motorcades
4 F$ @ I6 m. c9 U2 \8 t# I6 n2 B8 i9 o
Honoring the Dead
' ]/ |( r3 o' S/ u$ y4 }3 j$ J' t 43. Political mourning$ s( O6 l4 f: |% {2 H2 p
44. Mock funerals8 F: Z0 a, z! {' w) b- {/ }
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ A" n1 p% U& H( u; ?$ B 46. Homage at burial places# a; T) \! m, j7 E4 {
( E3 ?; O, ]' T1 h) }# x
Public Assemblies. r! O e3 c7 C* s
47. Assemblies of protest or support8 q/ Y, M9 o' W1 p7 C+ P- f/ e
48. Protest meetings
& B" R \5 A3 e6 J 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" e6 {# P1 @2 f! P7 M6 g
50. Teach-ins
3 D: t$ N; u/ M: r; L! U9 F" r, J( `0 @; N
Withdrawal and Renunciation; o$ {5 Q. {0 m8 x' ?8 f! n; d
51. Walk-outs3 h& f# C W! a% [8 [. h/ `
52. Silence1 q {8 N6 [/ W9 I
53. Renouncing honors" K+ d5 o7 r7 R4 i/ c2 x
54. Turning one’s back! B' z. D& g' T" o0 c, i
8 |7 i i( s( a d+ o
, C( S0 U+ [! r0 {; _' P
# w, I: q8 D5 i# u7 E. rTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( z6 {; F9 v" f5 x. @
r; ?/ D. _6 C5 @" _- w( ` 1 Y7 j2 B) d+ n9 `9 R/ u
8 z/ M5 r! D: ^7 M+ w
Ostracism of Persons: I" V e5 a4 S2 t, M& t
55. Social boycott
3 |/ e1 |( `6 c8 h2 X 56. Selective social boycott
/ k1 }7 m; }0 ]6 y2 {8 l/ U 57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 g5 d5 B0 M) M2 K 58. Excommunication, | e' \; ^# B; A; Y' n
59. Interdict5 L. K7 ~. z5 e6 G5 w i
- } m; e; ~$ ZNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: y9 u! x5 ]; ]8 w) p. x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ R9 a8 L+ T, w) }; P/ r
61. Boycott of social affairs
3 ^) l4 y; \+ ~+ A9 A1 F 62. Student strike
- Z5 y- y4 ]7 e0 v+ h+ X& T 63. Social disobedience
. o6 g) x# a* K1 ?. v: M 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 [2 ]: ^; q3 v, S& s( Y- r* y( y& c5 ~
Withdrawal from the Social System
: T* {0 j4 m: m* y( p/ K6 m( ?4 G 65. Stay-at-home4 ^# e! u3 h. k+ g
66. Total personal noncooperation
( O$ A- i6 I, D! {7 R* } 67. “Flight” of workers; N2 i8 Z, n4 R8 b
68. Sanctuary% k) b) W1 x1 `2 J1 A
69. Collective disappearance
' S% ~( M; S2 I' x. q# h+ ]3 y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 P1 y' n/ r/ j, Y! v$ H W- H; H) K' Z
4 C/ X& {7 N: E2 ^9 }" k6 p
& \6 W* p; t' j5 Q. Z1 b2 B) a
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 \2 Y G% X, Q8 s0 D- h' e6 z
; \3 M3 R8 {) b! y. ^ * g* F: L! Q* x4 `. o- ^& e7 t M
Actions by Consumers( d; A: z7 e9 d/ P; C1 y/ H
71. Consumers’ boycott
' \8 _! `* x# y( E) L1 P 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. G' v9 r* }1 h+ L* [' D6 Z3 D
73. Policy of austerity. R( x/ i' C8 J3 Q f' M$ }
74. Rent withholding, v# `+ I7 x: f% U+ d
75. Refusal to rent
( h8 P* V8 S, f( } 76. National consumers’ boycott
# o3 b. a9 S; r, k6 @ 77. International consumers’ boycott2 ?' H/ j" ]! j2 s: i: o/ a
# @; r1 W. H* z+ _' i9 {
Action by Workers and Producers( {5 [, ^: K) m( n, a2 X. Q4 p
78. Workmen’s boycott
: z/ [/ d+ F. x% l7 o3 v# { 79. Producers’ boycott9 Y! k1 J4 R2 @( R9 o$ o
1 M" P% { k; U% p+ C9 t$ e2 W8 e
Action by Middlemen
$ D! X* @" H3 {3 E. ^0 x) E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 Q; s& ~4 x$ K
" ^ X- a2 }+ L4 O1 I/ iAction by Owners and Management$ ^/ {$ M8 @' e$ J
81. Traders’ boycott
4 g9 `. u) d% j9 Q& e+ o 82. Refusal to let or sell property
. q0 I/ `$ L3 t2 d; v 83. Lockout
# P" U9 N% g2 p' `& y+ x; X, O' j7 i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 J! B" ^2 ?( s$ o+ o8 J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 ?) G0 Y5 E- K) n4 X
- ~# i& r' x& tAction by Holders of Financial Resources
( ?2 }! u7 v3 q/ W8 K 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits {( x; m) d0 l5 }* [% y* f* T
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) X% l2 A2 f+ f3 G. C9 Y5 ^
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ D% v0 Q$ @3 F- v* \, v5 N 89. Severance of funds and credit2 R" [! m0 N' J* n
90. Revenue refusal
* [4 h1 X' M" i5 C$ z2 o& K 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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1 @* I' R0 m8 G2 ZAction by Governments
. H; h7 E5 P5 y D/ _ I( { 92. Domestic embargo& g V6 z/ A6 B1 H8 Y( k
93. Blacklisting of traders
Q4 q& ?. b! d! b) X 94. International sellers’ embargo( [$ b- I' r- e* [6 m
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 V9 U+ z0 j' S" p+ H! A; H6 \6 k 96. International trade embargo$ I( X2 ]: u$ K5 R
7 e+ e) s; Z# W) Z0 r9 z- w
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- f6 O3 b8 s2 o, E" Q! U
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 X5 ^$ {$ ~ Z# v) s9 `; P! P
+ s* R( C# |, ?! W% _' e5 F& L
' B4 ^: P9 p! H: LSymbolic Strikes& n# s8 B; T: d8 x4 z* T: h
97. Protest strike5 N' p1 q& \% ~9 p; |2 x2 e I0 K
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ Y% ?$ F! A; n* X9 [6 r, U- x+ Z" G
- k/ ^8 G& G% S5 aAgricultural Strikes
/ l: I9 h! x/ m% v 99. Peasant strike; i" R+ J) q1 S( X }9 F
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 u9 D) _% W( y2 N& {- j# F
0 K% M/ N6 L' @ u0 e- GStrikes by Special Groups8 O8 T: l% L+ K6 l: ]% z2 d
101. Refusal of impressed labor% p1 r6 L; u; e( g
102. Prisoners’ strike* N8 c7 W0 Q/ p
103. Craft strike) n5 U3 }& E' u! R% i5 F
104. Professional strike
# B- H K/ e) I4 P' s ~! G5 m- o8 W- w3 F! e& f+ T0 U
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% d# s. [; C: o5 H- n
105. Establishment strike. o$ R% j a! _
106. Industry strike
6 c: h" M5 u* i& O' { 107. Sympathetic strike0 P: w# C* }/ e* S
+ u# r7 b. C* l, Y7 k9 G; iRestricted Strikes0 P2 Z+ B( c% x- _6 }7 d* L& Y& h: }$ D
108. Detailed strike. t5 M& b5 b! s7 Z
109. Bumper strike9 p& N% _7 ?6 s& q. |. |# w" V
110. Slowdown strike
. C: U* m! c0 i( s* P 111. Working-to-rule strike" d! i! W0 F% u1 e$ R* k
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 S! c6 c; q: B3 d, s! v9 U' S2 U
113. Strike by resignation w, T% D# e- [8 q: r) T Z& [
114. Limited strike
) \: R# l% m+ k$ } 115. Selective strike
/ ^$ C3 J$ `: s, c$ v/ Q- S
9 e. H4 a( y( _$ W* r4 TMulti-Industry Strikes
) O( z: v9 @7 s6 X, a
" V' a. _/ w9 g+ X$ @! Q 116. Generalized strike5 w1 d; o7 m# j
7 Z# ^+ g( S# E( ], w! S+ u
117. General strike
- i0 \# |2 A8 m
|- i5 U* W/ G/ J# D' JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures ~! W) `. @& p( }. B
2 P K/ `9 L: j 118. Hartal
' }+ ]; J; \, }
T, N- N) I7 C& ] 119. Economic shutdown# T( J$ O9 V, x Y) n
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" h. X3 K) U$ O2 v: ?0 k# B7 XTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ z. A ?( R3 e( s4 d2 @0 b
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- ]! w! I! E0 I: | I% }Rejection of Authority
. C7 M' Z+ t8 R1 k* J" C$ @ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 Y0 p. d6 }. d) r! T' l0 t
121. Refusal of public support
, ?* i: \% f' n; e 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. A& ^% Q9 L7 W
. u0 w* a0 C3 z2 n+ NCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 u4 H& M" G4 V+ ~7 W, r9 O u% X
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 Q2 |- g* t0 N! G 124. Boycott of elections/ Q5 C+ f$ g+ n s+ M
125. Boycott of government employment and positions" ~. Y# |9 w3 g) @
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; O1 m. ^* N$ r7 B
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; {1 F d! c; `3 S, m, m
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, c6 O+ v8 d6 W, A 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 r/ d% v) v# o- w- U# e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- @ X% q/ q# B$ e& }4 L- }/ k 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 p' n" v2 j. C* X4 m
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
W, T. ]7 n/ Z3 C
4 _8 y/ [* ?( XCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ k& D( Y' a# Q# _- t( K# V, m7 A
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; H" x1 B1 b% n% p5 k
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ @+ `6 H2 h% m4 A, k 135. Popular nonobedience
& \" `9 ^) Z; x6 `0 P' [% P6 A1 s 136. Disguised disobedience
8 G; V% ~! j: f9 G 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. |$ O" H; M+ c. N1 A/ J& \
138. Sitdown$ q7 `& }+ K: P0 r
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 Q7 K( [! t! V) ^' [! X 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ g. l. H3 N) k) ^5 u4 m 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% q) N: c: B @$ j A4 j c
4 [; C0 n* S$ C3 yAction by Government Personnel
7 Q+ {! x; V) a+ _2 Q( o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) y" Z' f M( {# Q2 M+ c& O 143. Blocking of lines of command and information# U ^/ ^, n. L7 c7 ^$ U
144. Stalling and obstruction- e: K9 E5 K/ n1 U7 q, @. N" b- x5 l
145. General administrative noncooperation
& @1 y1 |9 R7 q
$ ^7 j3 I( {5 G! w7 k4 M2 f 146. Judicial noncooperation
1 m3 z! ?8 I' L 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 Z* D6 `. x: b+ T9 v5 y
148. Mutiny
c0 I" F, n3 T) k1 pDomestic Governmental Action
% {4 V3 B( e1 |! o( q% F 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. P/ i K$ H1 k1 c; W5 N 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 g" S$ o9 l/ e0 }2 m6 ^7 H+ C8 q2 y, K5 m9 Q) N& f
International Governmental Action; B; S+ p/ c3 i+ Q$ d$ V
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 b; H9 N( k# z4 x+ N3 a: K
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: x- m9 v z0 U% }4 Y) s& d6 Y2 ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. P: ~' d3 W# L. Y 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
+ ~) a. j; O! q. b& n! J 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 O4 E1 p4 o( N* N5 g/ A 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies! J- \2 Y! y* e3 u
157. Expulsion from international organizations4 }8 U" j% X! `, s# b) L1 d
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2 q- [# R2 H2 Q1 z6 b1 C) L7 H" o+ _+ V3 K
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
! f4 b4 ^$ b" g! x8 F# V7 ~5 b- w. Y+ A% g* J. c0 w
: a7 V, D A( Q W5 FPsychological Intervention; l6 B3 w4 P" x$ ~/ Y l" @# U
158. Self-exposure to the elements% A! n4 Z- N/ o! Q: ?8 l+ I
159. The fast" ~: C* r& m5 j' P
a) Fast of moral pressure
e6 Q- ]& ~! t0 k b) Hunger strike- L* b# e y- A# |4 p3 V/ j; |
c) Satyagrahic fast
: e& b3 z, p+ u6 j% z7 T; b 160. Reverse trial
5 H, i; g% n: A 161. Nonviolent harassment: O( Y5 h" v/ t/ r" V2 ?2 a1 m* d
7 ~" V2 I& g& }2 P* r8 c) j, ?Physical Intervention8 I! Z# t$ y0 Y+ y* E4 t
162. Sit-in
- w& u- k( {8 R 163. Stand-in
4 @! F) b- K k4 z% l3 h 164. Ride-in% t" i B5 \/ g3 _0 T# G9 {
165. Wade-in
( A8 H* _- X1 I( T 166. Mill-in$ j0 i4 a, ]( A" u, u. J
167. Pray-in" ~& v n' }* d w/ Y
168. Nonviolent raids
- x& d& | O! x$ w 169. Nonviolent air raids
* }1 W% Y1 y. {& j- n8 q 170. Nonviolent invasion
7 d9 n$ E F# S) J7 g2 n/ O 171. Nonviolent interjection
, g0 o+ u. r5 I5 f+ G5 X9 Y& u 172. Nonviolent obstruction* }4 N7 ]2 s, l3 v
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
* c7 f8 J4 ?; Z2 {, n 174. Establishing new social patterns
' B- [- K( ~) J3 k" o- o0 ]1 P 175. Overloading of facilities
, I$ F! O) j4 M: X; {4 y) @ 176. Stall-in
6 j0 J A6 k( b' R0 W t) V 177. Speak-in
! ]8 ^% X: s3 q# p4 O 178. Guerrilla theater: Y9 {! H' P- U
179. Alternative social institutions; ^7 [0 D1 W; P+ X6 X
180. Alternative communication system4 Z! \+ n& ~9 Z5 Z
( L. a' S7 p+ j8 z! ]Economic Intervention
! t2 `$ f4 J! F$ J4 e 181. Reverse strike
@1 o* @+ j, h; W% O5 _6 } 182. Stay-in strike
% o: @" i' [: z: e; `$ u/ V# S 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. [+ a1 ]) }; H b4 X# E! [ 184. Defiance of blockades$ h. W! X8 J7 t) Y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ o. x, K. k% b& `7 V: c% [# L1 B
186. Preclusive purchasing" T0 t# o: O3 m) U% E6 ^$ ?% |2 C
187. Seizure of assets
- T, ]: Z W4 {4 u8 S" Z 188. Dumping- r! z. ~* p& u6 B
189. Selective patronage" N$ K E& a; \% w9 `
190. Alternative markets# |+ D' A4 k6 \" I' r3 x9 a
191. Alternative transportation systems
8 \3 c! g# i' L# w5 P 192. Alternative economic institutions g0 f* L" \/ x* @' o
5 A* H/ x: W# h5 G1 S5 O
Political Intervention
8 k; R! B" p0 P8 v" C5 w; f& v4 I: V 193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ @$ j# e, b8 W5 a p6 c1 R 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 r7 e0 Y$ i5 h 195. Seeking imprisonment
: Y* D- D2 H% \, m( ` 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* `' w6 u; i( v4 { 197. Work-on without collaboration9 v2 u' i$ o! [: n
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
