 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. @' P$ V8 Y, a! _. j9 qFormal Statements
2 F( T# q( H4 G+ E, w: s 1. Public Speeches* |: {$ M9 g5 H g6 ^$ L# _
2. Letters of opposition or support; ]$ R4 W, S8 n
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( y4 Z, J5 ?; L/ f2 U) E u9 ]
4. Signed public statements9 v+ u3 `5 M& o$ u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 n# q. q" I" t! x+ k& ^0 ]) R. o
6. Group or mass petitions4 p* t- e4 p$ _* {; G) W# e
$ o! G. u& R* m' b0 s! g
Communications with a Wider Audience, ~6 R/ L3 B" f3 ^, X1 k. A
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; i% @1 U( Z0 a* X: D& K4 m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 E; X" I! _4 |* L8 `' V: a 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 X0 b$ i! G: } 10. Newspapers and journals2 K8 }( e! m! k) R' H& r
11. Records, radio, and television
, E/ m, @' T. U5 u 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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* O W: z# Y- h% \/ i0 PGroup Representations
+ _% ]. x+ Q _) |; V7 d3 r 13. Deputations* N6 C& i& h/ V6 L! R
14. Mock awards/ b; \, z _: l& M: c" ~+ ]) g
15. Group lobbying- Q. P# s6 y7 n) y2 L/ K0 l2 F
16. Picketing
$ X. F% f p3 D% d 17. Mock elections- {: [, `/ r6 A0 U* e! i
/ a' S) W# |' {; HSymbolic Public Acts) O+ s# _1 Y& v0 q& t$ a6 L
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 B: w8 U% [* Y" ] 19. Wearing of symbols
/ f# C' |1 u. Z: D7 \; r 20. Prayer and worship
7 C3 ~1 r* c9 y7 N$ h 21. Delivering symbolic objects+ Q, m: G7 Y2 c- S: v1 M! n4 ?. g
22. Protest disrobings* c7 C& w9 T- F" F9 d: v6 i+ Z E6 s, {
23. Destruction of own property4 J) s, N" \4 M" v- u
24. Symbolic lights
4 x& F" F6 C+ T( l; B& @ 25. Displays of portraits
( l% A% w/ m0 i) s8 [: q/ k* X* m" Z 26. Paint as protest8 O+ {; J/ J" S* l
27. New signs and names" ?4 t, K/ A5 f: ^, x2 C& D
28. Symbolic sounds3 @# J9 Q) z2 h' B0 Y* x. n
29. Symbolic reclamations
$ u" q* X- H8 M) w! l. Z 30. Rude gestures6 \$ y+ o( F. [4 C- X) l/ a
- ?- q) X3 v6 d1 X- YPressures on Individuals4 \: `& V# }( w2 l4 _' g. c
31. “Haunting” officials
3 N7 V5 X1 R \* p1 O, B 32. Taunting officials! m4 @! Y8 i. N# e8 C
33. Fraternization' F" z% J) L' b3 |4 I1 I' O( ?
34. Vigils
1 U( s7 h, L7 r2 Y$ u" e' H. t/ @) C' V0 e
Drama and Music3 y$ z2 a" P& P% M: a
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ F' `- C% a" p7 z# k, t7 K
36. Performances of plays and music
# R H! i) Q% Z0 K. D 37. Singing9 M. l+ w2 [8 q( q: \" Y; S
+ f6 q8 I+ Q' c/ T' b& B$ Q7 zProcessions; m0 s& m) e* _" r+ }3 a
38. Marches
1 q& {. x+ R8 M! Y3 d; _" M# t 39. Parades
5 J( i- p, U& W0 G' @( L/ O) _# D! Q 40. Religious processions9 f. a8 z9 ]( A! |! G* I
41. Pilgrimages \ h ]' N& z1 C
42. Motorcades
7 c- O. P3 d8 ]" E x" A5 T/ F
6 Q6 V/ q4 M* l: ^" [" ?' ?Honoring the Dead* N' N8 [7 O: a% n
43. Political mourning
. l2 _+ }: [4 i8 _: c/ \ 44. Mock funerals) e4 f% H7 m9 @: J
45. Demonstrative funerals. p/ }( j+ ]' v2 k' d8 w% v
46. Homage at burial places& p; c9 k2 N+ g6 u
( e0 p8 I+ m- ~3 m t o2 FPublic Assemblies
4 ~# p' c* z# z' i 47. Assemblies of protest or support7 F }" E2 T7 Y8 A, v) \& L
48. Protest meetings
3 [5 J0 v& u5 O# z9 x8 H" d 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& E. H5 R* e1 Q3 ^/ g
50. Teach-ins. T! k1 K+ u; l5 w
9 m0 O( i+ F8 S0 c( `Withdrawal and Renunciation
7 K! Y9 O# q3 C! S 51. Walk-outs
" R9 X0 a* P7 @* b& M6 r2 e' z 52. Silence, Y' m. f- e' q
53. Renouncing honors
% o, \8 d W1 S8 l; W/ |/ K 54. Turning one’s back
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% W0 q* Q6 C9 Y4 T4 v
* U) L. Y: M3 Z# CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" F: q( G: F! y* ]6 z+ v1 }
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4 Y5 z- `/ r- ~* tOstracism of Persons
* ^; i1 B) J, e k" a+ X8 n 55. Social boycott6 ~" t+ m+ o$ Y$ J
56. Selective social boycott
7 o' g1 Q$ a* i. `: x' x' E2 `# i4 s 57. Lysistratic nonaction
' K/ ^" A) O, H* X3 w* i* p 58. Excommunication
' E" q# Z: p& D$ G' N7 s 59. Interdict7 Q- ]0 _( Y3 L
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; J# ^5 A7 A# ]" L n 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 K6 x- e$ J6 b2 O 61. Boycott of social affairs
, g- @7 D( b! ?+ ?& ^ 62. Student strike8 w1 \' T5 q% X! l5 X, E6 U
63. Social disobedience$ h( ~* N% t; F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; J: r4 c0 A( Q) }6 e
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Withdrawal from the Social System
1 Z+ i( m% V) t 65. Stay-at-home, d! P6 j2 E# ?" m1 J$ R+ ^9 s+ c+ M
66. Total personal noncooperation I' }+ B `: \2 S
67. “Flight” of workers
" c" F4 o8 T+ L5 k; _! b5 ? e 68. Sanctuary+ T4 w A% V$ }8 k
69. Collective disappearance5 D! [, ^. i2 O- B( B
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ _4 T- c( S% [& X( ^
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, S9 \4 g V6 i) j" f6 }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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8 Y. F H( G. |7 r& CActions by Consumers
/ O' S4 ]) _: X0 k8 B) C 71. Consumers’ boycott
4 k4 ?6 V! L% m+ g0 j) b0 p' n U1 H 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 @0 A1 f; ~, h6 v: p
73. Policy of austerity
8 Z6 ~& Q' S* O9 W3 C3 Y1 g 74. Rent withholding
, N& P. G/ m# M" v* w# r) V 75. Refusal to rent
* r% \% ?& C' |5 l- o* ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott
- `- x- w1 N! |) j 77. International consumers’ boycott1 ~- B# j2 _9 t7 D: b7 u
+ P k4 c3 I& S; e: F
Action by Workers and Producers& m9 `5 h+ `& @4 c
78. Workmen’s boycott
9 U- n" }4 S0 v) s4 V( G; D/ Y 79. Producers’ boycott
( r: r6 ]( |0 X8 @6 k& K, z1 } H) }1 c. Q% c
Action by Middlemen% r' L1 `9 j6 G, }
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 L# Y% Z# ]/ d; V6 J" @) b, `
# _: ~5 K. O# N/ L$ YAction by Owners and Management! | f& q( ] ~. m
81. Traders’ boycott
0 ^4 X+ A) a( s* D* R8 i 82. Refusal to let or sell property. Z/ ~$ \' P5 J4 j
83. Lockout
! P( J6 j) u) O2 ~6 V% J% ~ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ U4 {1 H0 ^2 h7 z: N 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' o6 C, h+ M, c6 X, _. U" s6 c4 V2 J4 |3 |: i
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
3 F3 Z" n" u1 r4 |& _ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ e. f/ k9 D& y |1 {
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* R- k' y* r" @, `5 H' G G
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 C, g- D3 |- ^
89. Severance of funds and credit' ]8 {) l' D+ A! I& X6 R R" l
90. Revenue refusal
# ~9 n; W* S B& T% f5 ^ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 K( n! @" P: U& U. \. V& h* {# k9 B6 _5 u6 W# A" `
Action by Governments; l; y- J( l. }) j6 F$ S* [. @
92. Domestic embargo
: p- e9 r1 O" I: R% S8 F 93. Blacklisting of traders
! d$ u/ X) W) P! V3 q. n7 b" h 94. International sellers’ embargo
5 ^5 M3 y* Q& M7 k 95. International buyers’ embargo9 |# Q2 N9 j+ w( b
96. International trade embargo, B: n1 b1 ^& D' O4 z4 W, l% f2 g
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! u9 h! O1 D- [2 W0 A( v
5 q9 Z, g" m* B K8 l3 L, \
. H" ? ~ q/ }. F |. {: xSymbolic Strikes
) {1 j; ~6 g9 x# _4 { 97. Protest strike# Q* |/ o) _# |3 ]
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( `# C j7 L" g2 }
$ J5 q5 S7 k/ Q+ A" B' C2 T( lAgricultural Strikes) n* c5 X+ g* v# `3 ^$ @& v {
99. Peasant strike" K+ |; c' F, s8 a% u
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ H) R9 }4 s- e4 G; u- |$ V2 s* a( I; F! G9 I& H4 L% ]
Strikes by Special Groups$ H1 h, `% i/ Z$ U
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ h* `/ @7 v' i0 L. h2 V 102. Prisoners’ strike1 L- |: h' G& C0 Y
103. Craft strike
$ B H4 g1 S5 z! l/ [" i E9 P: h 104. Professional strike
2 P3 m( z) \0 r) l4 [
& V9 _: Y; ?( e* f# uOrdinary Industrial Strikes
* B2 c: j& C' z 105. Establishment strike# g2 H: r2 B/ u! d
106. Industry strike
, n7 k6 e' }. h0 Y. | 107. Sympathetic strike, q4 w( R% C/ D* K. D% F
. _, j/ d' Y M# t+ h; URestricted Strikes3 k) g J7 j9 h5 Z
108. Detailed strike& w/ G5 F; L" ]
109. Bumper strike! H4 ?6 ~2 \3 `$ {5 `9 p5 n' s! k c
110. Slowdown strike$ U, D0 z& K& e, A- k2 v$ N5 \
111. Working-to-rule strike( f- [7 ~ u R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- h- z0 \7 O' T. c 113. Strike by resignation% ~3 u9 F3 d3 H& t
114. Limited strike
) m! y) W# y7 D" I 115. Selective strike, p6 m D2 S# U8 i
1 W" w. g1 _5 E* o( b' |
Multi-Industry Strikes
7 n2 X% j. f p2 r; Q- U) [' q( u: H+ \2 v" E1 B
116. Generalized strike. V& T" `' ]% ?+ \) G+ ]/ _! e
, F" E. W; B3 e, h8 ^2 }$ M
117. General strike& L4 R1 `, i' j$ N1 x F
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
& y6 K0 ^0 R; f+ A$ w" x& O
$ b. N$ U* F/ S0 Q0 G* k 119. Economic shutdown8 q' w9 F4 h# {
?5 B( g5 ]: h) U: G% w( ^
& |# b3 U) o/ J& X6 Q! j6 s1 B% [: y4 O( f5 T2 N. y% ~% o
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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! G9 g7 ~/ E( O9 `5 @" s6 e" URejection of Authority
& ^: m. |3 \1 N( \ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance. J% U. J4 Z, i I: u/ g, K; o
121. Refusal of public support
4 Q" h1 Z+ i5 z4 M+ j+ V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 K1 x5 Y; x4 f' z% o# ?0 h1 s
9 u$ {: N% r! X5 A2 _
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% |$ ?" t1 }; l: V 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. i7 O) S3 _3 H" X4 l9 x: g' }5 { 124. Boycott of elections
. n2 Q4 Y' q, |1 G3 x3 q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- T4 S6 l y4 g9 ]( j9 z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ \! B( ~& f, ` 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, O+ |, z; o# Y3 B3 m, s 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 q6 K2 j" d: n6 `
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ ?4 c! N2 R6 U$ i1 M4 b 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 q, ` b3 {+ }3 A$ S" r
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& c: L- w( K/ l4 F0 Q3 C' n
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, `: ?$ z# m* @- F
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ j; R" S# H1 C8 ?% Y1 C
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) r# ~- |3 C, H- {/ s( v 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ u/ F$ _* C& E5 |- [
135. Popular nonobedience
; r3 B% D( h/ E5 Z 136. Disguised disobedience
/ k! }4 s! o2 }/ { 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' G* x& k" i& B
138. Sitdown1 u9 \7 R2 _& W8 L/ `7 D3 R
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ X" l- X. W: d q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 `! B) F* q+ _: U# A
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 V2 F8 V5 v4 N& u' F6 E1 _. b2 `* c6 m/ G( m. l+ }% y0 m
Action by Government Personnel6 ~! h3 J5 z* Q8 Y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( Z9 f+ i: R1 a% x8 w8 v( T
143. Blocking of lines of command and information K6 _! ^! P6 l$ K4 k6 f7 F, m: I& O6 [
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 g+ \ Q( B) X1 D: r 145. General administrative noncooperation9 `" U5 Q9 L. a1 L6 d4 ^- N0 S
/ f' A/ @: j5 {$ X7 f7 ?, P7 b
146. Judicial noncooperation. Y5 G0 I5 U% E8 \5 P6 Q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# n# e; ~' _3 c1 a4 r) [ 148. Mutiny
1 M1 E' s6 u/ UDomestic Governmental Action
; Y# n( c" f, s) q* L 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 q" z) t0 [; D. P+ P) e# ~ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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3 B3 K# S- ^ a$ y- uInternational Governmental Action1 w- c/ M$ ]( R" y. W- K6 P
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 ^8 r3 V' G7 D m u
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# n z; z! U* o0 w
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. x4 M3 t, w9 c
154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 k2 ?% V, ~8 c
155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 _4 r, ~! O) y4 x
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies y9 ]# K3 H8 ^ i; ]6 m, M
157. Expulsion from international organizations4 F8 Q# d H; D [" H& M8 f! o+ E- C
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1 U! n$ H* w* Q4 O8 cTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention' `& D! \/ K' Q# M5 y: k% V% u
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- O- C5 p' Y/ ?4 ^) W3 w# N 159. The fast! u z1 o# J: a; T3 i
a) Fast of moral pressure
* }" t5 ]! J. j0 \% r b) Hunger strike
5 n6 |9 r+ ~$ z1 T' @4 ` c) Satyagrahic fast' X4 {0 z( E! l& B0 T% h* ^% B' U; V
160. Reverse trial
2 \: }. U+ ^/ J5 q3 i! Y 161. Nonviolent harassment; V( E! n7 P8 W$ b9 r& ]6 ]. Q
5 j3 `. V! l3 Y: y
Physical Intervention- K* w1 W0 V& Y5 W. ]$ V7 |
162. Sit-in4 b( [7 y% k7 m% u4 l
163. Stand-in$ L6 F7 U6 L9 V2 u. i
164. Ride-in
1 n5 Y# K( w3 F0 b. u5 k3 g 165. Wade-in* f: d$ W# J0 G$ o2 D) K" T
166. Mill-in- w, E# I4 c0 M8 L- d7 @$ j
167. Pray-in2 G, R8 O9 k% w2 g) N, {
168. Nonviolent raids: F5 u2 q# v# h9 [# c2 G, R" O' A
169. Nonviolent air raids7 b# K" ^# c' M8 W8 q" h$ n
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 G* _2 D5 u u: }" V7 E 171. Nonviolent interjection
; [* Q5 y. p0 ?8 ^) l8 M1 p4 R# t 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ l8 K) t. D2 s: ^/ }
173. Nonviolent occupation
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# G9 M9 U/ `/ F7 T" xSocial Intervention
a9 q9 j, T7 K `/ Q; Z }, ^' z 174. Establishing new social patterns8 i' I. j$ T3 X0 u* R6 `
175. Overloading of facilities
4 f j/ p( L+ ?" f( Z! a 176. Stall-in: y) x3 u0 _. w3 q
177. Speak-in: P( a# p. F. y2 _1 Q
178. Guerrilla theater# }5 L9 L- M+ X1 J+ S7 i8 n
179. Alternative social institutions+ s# u; ^" h& r# G/ a; p
180. Alternative communication system
& }" ~" D% b t
1 L7 v3 y9 |& O" A8 ]' VEconomic Intervention
+ p9 z+ U/ x$ I, ~' ~1 y* b 181. Reverse strike
) e% O7 V n# {) ~ 182. Stay-in strike
6 @+ L* v+ {1 O 183. Nonviolent land seizure
, {( E" e) }) X' b( @: O! I3 Z 184. Defiance of blockades
2 D$ v9 I( Z! Q; i, {3 P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: B* P- p' |) z. E& q6 Y2 S
186. Preclusive purchasing$ j' F i. {' r: ], T) z
187. Seizure of assets
7 T7 Y* K: a" Y 188. Dumping7 E5 t2 l$ u+ n
189. Selective patronage: _+ S0 F$ T. x$ R) E& n
190. Alternative markets
5 D1 q R5 c6 [2 ~+ }3 c 191. Alternative transportation systems1 }. `1 l' {. l9 F& e& x
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention2 H& b- F; e3 ?% }/ R9 a+ a. |( Z
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 M7 e. W# s% \' O4 C/ k5 w
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 v0 P* a7 y$ t$ o/ \2 _
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 p% U! `/ H" j0 s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* }; j: A: m8 h8 [5 Y( F" f 197. Work-on without collaboration* w9 X/ o5 {8 F. ]
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
