 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ ]7 Z3 V" {% m/ {% r
Formal Statements& T2 }! G5 q, v& y
1. Public Speeches
3 S# B$ g" x4 } M 2. Letters of opposition or support0 r: U5 V4 q8 b9 o" a: H! G" I5 h
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; g5 D) h$ I4 _
4. Signed public statements
0 ^2 q% E3 v7 w. e 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 y5 _+ L- c1 d8 M6 [& D 6. Group or mass petitions( X$ S f! b# \* o c
! c$ a, P" i- n4 j+ d
Communications with a Wider Audience
! c: G; m0 n2 S" \+ [& M" v 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 y3 _" H* T5 b( {3 u- L+ V
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* d2 @- ?5 Z/ l: l+ ^1 z6 X6 c# Q5 z, z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% v" C6 n4 k I6 ^5 K$ h
10. Newspapers and journals2 X8 A6 @0 M- L0 g7 y# f
11. Records, radio, and television& z }0 o( {7 X
12. Skywriting and earthwriting) {, z9 Q2 y, D) ]2 K
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Group Representations! v- i1 T" N. z6 ], U( Y
13. Deputations
+ [! i2 I% R6 B3 w- A" m( N0 ` 14. Mock awards
# E$ {, s! x* j) p: [ 15. Group lobbying$ Q, v! D# ]: S T6 A
16. Picketing
6 N" a0 [3 ~$ X 17. Mock elections
& j2 f1 u8 r2 s
( ?: |, K3 T5 rSymbolic Public Acts8 \4 h H: C! F' k% |
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' w: ~+ b: b9 W) u 19. Wearing of symbols
' P5 T6 O/ |4 d, ]# v 20. Prayer and worship# Y) ^# B2 |0 x+ S$ `
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 u1 @/ ~* R3 k' C' u6 n
22. Protest disrobings
, @7 v/ U3 y0 K* r. k2 g8 N. ] 23. Destruction of own property7 t) e. c5 t* E( c" I4 X: Y
24. Symbolic lights( k% T9 q2 ?5 @2 u/ s
25. Displays of portraits v9 L7 B* d1 N. H" e
26. Paint as protest
6 @. H4 W+ [0 n t9 c4 S: q: r 27. New signs and names
& A! C: c2 e* p- z/ f( J 28. Symbolic sounds
E# Y7 g1 N: Q0 H3 A& q3 o6 E 29. Symbolic reclamations
0 k% H8 S; H7 h1 m q0 b7 z4 ` 30. Rude gestures
; V9 u! b+ }; Z6 z0 R3 \* o: D; O
Pressures on Individuals" `! N( f* Q" T" o( F% c6 a) R
31. “Haunting” officials
3 e; u# S# X8 i" B* B 32. Taunting officials2 K2 E5 t; e! r5 h
33. Fraternization
- K! D% x' G; p 34. Vigils9 d9 C" |6 S, _$ Y, u6 `4 h
: c4 e% Z8 P% v3 d9 K
Drama and Music
0 b3 B5 H4 j! K( i' c 35. Humorous skits and pranks
f8 d3 f( T! i: q/ m P* r 36. Performances of plays and music
! ^7 R- B2 U5 l. \ 37. Singing6 `; v6 G5 j, h4 v+ B9 Y
$ f7 ^% s; N( @& @) c; T3 pProcessions, P2 F! ^" K; a) T7 Q/ N* |+ Q
38. Marches+ }2 }, e7 O% w/ V# d' W; b
39. Parades
3 s7 [+ Z" _7 \. S2 I1 i! g5 Q" i 40. Religious processions4 L6 S5 J2 q3 s- Q
41. Pilgrimages
" e) m; |" J q, p, h 42. Motorcades( z9 r, `, B. {' i* n f
! o" i9 C1 m9 mHonoring the Dead
2 i0 @: v- T5 ]6 F8 u$ K: { 43. Political mourning
0 `$ ~) \! L, i9 c 44. Mock funerals
, Q* e. L* d% E Z; Y i 45. Demonstrative funerals+ S& u6 X7 m3 Q( K
46. Homage at burial places
5 I' F* V/ g* A7 b
4 i% [5 b: L* ? c HPublic Assemblies
: ~" ?) v8 X5 Y+ e 47. Assemblies of protest or support! L+ N- U6 n1 M" ^( ], P1 k
48. Protest meetings( Y2 `# x1 _: H! ^0 Z( ~/ h
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" y( h+ h$ |& ~; e3 c8 D
50. Teach-ins3 x6 H5 t7 P7 t. P3 l: y r% n
8 M- n+ z) b8 `# x0 u1 Y2 F3 M$ ^Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 o" n# D. w/ ?8 b! r 51. Walk-outs
8 h0 P6 A9 z2 r 52. Silence
: a$ F& _! e. x) i8 G% h 53. Renouncing honors" W0 f8 X( d5 M2 P) d) y9 b9 E9 n
54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 z+ U* E7 M2 p* ^" M
8 {! d* C& z6 Z+ O. v9 x3 m
- _ G5 j& D, _0 C2 M
5 g/ s6 w: _* |! i$ N* f" y5 q" gOstracism of Persons
, ?$ c5 x0 o3 }, V2 Z* P3 I 55. Social boycott* ~; W- D/ y0 g/ k0 C
56. Selective social boycott
+ X4 E* R: w1 ?, M+ S8 s0 P 57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 w7 i" K0 c1 m% w 58. Excommunication
" |% n6 M. b1 b) J# i7 s* X 59. Interdict- B7 k9 g2 u0 e4 d
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 P$ |, c7 b( r5 ] o
60. Suspension of social and sports activities* x5 u- d7 A3 [6 U4 d8 H
61. Boycott of social affairs
5 H- \/ R3 S( w, ]! Y0 G 62. Student strike5 R6 [! I4 ~, O2 l
63. Social disobedience
; E" `( T0 k+ v7 [) Y4 [: }% M9 p" G 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 ~1 M7 J0 q5 Q# N/ T% g
6 u6 y8 l/ j6 X l
Withdrawal from the Social System
* Z U' o7 y, I) X9 r! D: z 65. Stay-at-home6 ?/ ]6 c" E' u* Z; `% K
66. Total personal noncooperation
% \' t0 d& Q) ?) J4 N, H9 }, j/ W; ~ 67. “Flight” of workers' h5 a) t0 l6 G" k% ^* E
68. Sanctuary, \9 L% c. t4 A0 X/ N+ L4 l, T
69. Collective disappearance
' E3 `- F- a9 S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! Q- f0 i9 Q+ l: Y
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4 D1 h5 k3 P. B( H7 ]! w- j1 QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 n5 |6 f/ I$ H1 |2 `9 _
& b3 z2 c1 Z0 }6 L- }/ s
, e6 k$ j: X) r2 yActions by Consumers
$ v4 |/ p# q3 V9 R 71. Consumers’ boycott
8 R4 ~5 E; Q6 n9 X0 t- [( b" [2 }9 K9 c 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 E2 @8 c, `' G" O
73. Policy of austerity
: Y2 n0 t, z; B8 M. P! b+ i/ ` 74. Rent withholding! y6 b# b. r: T/ v
75. Refusal to rent& D; D. \4 k% J/ H3 ]$ Z
76. National consumers’ boycott
/ i8 w' F. E! i; y' c 77. International consumers’ boycott
9 R3 ^4 @1 w7 _
8 C, I, C! {1 g/ ]7 u9 e, UAction by Workers and Producers# S5 Q( }$ r. `, K1 Y# ?
78. Workmen’s boycott
! D1 `( W; \+ e 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen6 t, J" O+ f* u7 S' {5 N4 r
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" T, M3 f& l' R
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Action by Owners and Management
& p7 C: v1 ~* r 81. Traders’ boycott4 y9 p$ a4 b, `; e& ^
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! c: g! a! G- b1 T$ p: I 83. Lockout4 O [2 `# {' V( W) V* b
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
" ?1 R" ~( C/ B 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
I. P# H; ^( w! C! h& Z' t/ r; C6 B
( g( K6 _6 Z hAction by Holders of Financial Resources- Y$ q+ G4 |% u2 r' ^. E! H, R, ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) ~" L( T. |# I4 k9 s) V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 L7 g4 K' A1 y( i
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, ]& E; S& L, B9 i 89. Severance of funds and credit1 g9 n% O5 k( n- g4 L5 l) H
90. Revenue refusal7 ^2 ~. X/ @6 g, `6 H# y
91. Refusal of a government’s money# b* e' O" j5 F7 z
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Action by Governments
: Y1 ]" j: A$ d- c 92. Domestic embargo- d- j5 D/ [. p. M3 }( I m! s
93. Blacklisting of traders
" z2 m& y+ a4 ^ f 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 W( N! N/ J4 \& Q B* S 95. International buyers’ embargo. P- |, K/ Q: }4 i
96. International trade embargo
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! r2 {. o" d) O7 b4 s P: pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
4 f3 C: {& [: Q! O 97. Protest strike0 }% s' q& ?1 X) ~
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) @$ N2 u6 u) r, E$ q# l% G, H
: q. T' p: ?6 e. e7 q! I: XAgricultural Strikes* _" u: m% ?1 O
99. Peasant strike
$ s, m( D& s# V 100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 T4 U+ T: w* f0 k( \1 K. ^+ S! r1 ~5 j* r! |/ v/ Y; o
Strikes by Special Groups/ ?1 W! E% U7 R
101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ e) V$ U4 h/ l n7 x 102. Prisoners’ strike% U: }& U. |) ?* D
103. Craft strike
6 i; a5 Z$ m- w) k) U6 y1 ~ 104. Professional strike
' z" Z2 r1 V5 H4 ~ s& m. V' R9 ~0 J. \7 C% E: ?2 y, w$ X! f: W
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 _4 ~9 O7 V6 | 105. Establishment strike) `1 n, Z$ n4 E {1 q% e. K
106. Industry strike7 l, C" y3 V2 w. N
107. Sympathetic strike; T/ z; P0 x$ I$ _
7 W0 z9 K4 Z" X: {; E. E
Restricted Strikes4 I7 @5 X9 j0 a) u% ~! D
108. Detailed strike
8 R/ }1 N& M/ |3 _ 109. Bumper strike# ]# }) i( a% @- r# j, r" U& L6 z7 z
110. Slowdown strike
4 W0 K9 q' m% I/ d 111. Working-to-rule strike
' P# l( Z, K! i% m 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ T4 E! }, D4 U: }, {" V# m 113. Strike by resignation5 G& D7 u4 u6 h1 M; l
114. Limited strike1 B) z [5 q: q& }3 t. Z) S: m
115. Selective strike4 s9 Z/ C4 V/ j; O+ Y+ C
2 p. I. f+ X4 }. n k9 BMulti-Industry Strikes
; x' V1 T- A: D. J/ O' ?
+ Q7 s/ I# F4 S/ K/ Y7 w6 s 116. Generalized strike
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: J# B4 V# z7 z9 s% P( s 117. General strike2 |2 i5 i3 n# S
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal/ V4 U1 ? F" z
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 {" X7 h* P- R% E1 ]% S
2 E' c' I) r3 Y# J; R2 e% A& O 6 H- c! Y/ X7 n7 |# O) O& x
Rejection of Authority
/ X3 Q# T1 l$ }$ j( s9 h6 l7 v 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 j0 b! U2 {% X9 m" C7 V% S7 S 121. Refusal of public support. [3 H# ~+ A; l; P' r
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ v0 x2 f$ C0 Y- V/ Y5 i
! q: J3 H/ b4 j3 p9 l0 g* i/ S5 RCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government' T4 `+ w4 j) F8 l8 M, a! w
123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 C& F# M, n* C3 A1 H
124. Boycott of elections
' p- l6 M$ F0 O; y2 e/ W6 _$ ?- J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions( t- k' P7 D# F' w
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# Q" D, `$ ? _8 A# T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# H5 Q0 p5 O! B, [+ v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; ?( ]* v6 W' l" A3 Z3 W4 W
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" j! x+ N! h" y5 e, A( c7 o; Q) h 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ Q# z5 W* K5 T# E3 {
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 K" O+ _- n! b3 W4 g) Q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: ?& L- I! B- g& w2 v
4 M' |3 J7 e' L5 _Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 s* d$ I8 Z# ^, I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. e3 w2 U3 G. [8 v 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. X4 d7 h! u. h- h9 y! F8 n5 t
135. Popular nonobedience1 d G" b/ s; \' W" Q2 ^0 D$ l
136. Disguised disobedience8 F: k( s! V7 {
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, B# J) Y4 K) A7 v A
138. Sitdown
- i1 z4 U+ R. H% D 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 j; j+ i+ v7 \1 N8 r# |( |8 R5 a
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 f8 |( A* ]: d, q" p
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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; V& U1 |, _4 G1 J$ cAction by Government Personnel+ L" _! ^0 ~8 E# `. M# C2 Y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( q0 e$ [8 \. B+ r 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. h$ c- E3 _$ ]: u 144. Stalling and obstruction& R& L2 N& r+ v8 x
145. General administrative noncooperation
, L# @$ M) w2 W# ]/ D6 H: A+ C
$ Z6 P' Z# N6 m 146. Judicial noncooperation" H+ Z+ k" C2 d
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ ~0 B9 q& q5 x p* ^$ D
148. Mutiny
9 D( q- o" i# W2 HDomestic Governmental Action0 t# y) D! p$ j9 V) \/ k
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& r+ v7 j+ P' z+ Q5 p) W5 G
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' Y% P' j6 E* b W4 q
, U8 R F8 F! {- U6 n& d. E) OInternational Governmental Action
- P$ z! C5 _4 ]) z- }9 v 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. A3 W0 b6 I. R4 F
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" f) ?6 T' y5 Z. y& P 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 T' o; \/ e7 b( c* F8 z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 e% J0 Z8 h& O9 S" r
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% d4 R8 n5 V! b0 ?9 L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( L1 D) N5 B& C$ K9 F& @ 157. Expulsion from international organizations% d; _/ ~( V+ O! r' C
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 Z- f& a: x8 O+ g' ^
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3 l, O1 L9 x) I9 c% L; \Psychological Intervention( J5 v& _ F; m9 p5 R2 t2 z) N
158. Self-exposure to the elements
) H' G+ d( b; b9 K: f/ J/ P. V3 N 159. The fast
8 n: R' A+ o* G7 `- M3 t5 P a) Fast of moral pressure
: L2 ]* i3 ^% m! P b) Hunger strike i! K( y3 ^$ g& I1 u B9 L
c) Satyagrahic fast
3 B. F! W- F( M _; K+ g" K, ]0 |( Q 160. Reverse trial
3 N" ~% B1 X3 x! ~ 161. Nonviolent harassment# k2 S% p0 R1 T3 d2 }; Z! j% w
5 Q& s5 {$ @0 cPhysical Intervention
' x/ w a9 k* Z3 Y 162. Sit-in
: _( Q. l6 a3 J$ w& s; P2 a1 [ 163. Stand-in
1 [; N: ^; \1 Z% t 164. Ride-in/ E0 x4 \$ I, F! {) W
165. Wade-in
: _- W7 \( c4 _. c8 s r1 P$ n 166. Mill-in, x, u2 J o) H* L' W
167. Pray-in
- {- @# B$ {2 G" u6 n" r. Z 168. Nonviolent raids
) b$ L' Q2 {- ]3 C1 K& a) Y& S& I 169. Nonviolent air raids9 Y2 B/ e$ o. X9 J8 h- W
170. Nonviolent invasion! Q+ i' l1 {$ O4 i, W/ v
171. Nonviolent interjection
) ]: W" f/ D4 u: Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction6 _9 P: ?1 Y# K' w
173. Nonviolent occupation* n* \4 k$ o- h6 g5 c4 F
( i% A! M! L; n3 a% d; F+ |7 T; ESocial Intervention
& u( b1 @ {9 J4 @ 174. Establishing new social patterns
0 g9 Z4 m A' Z 175. Overloading of facilities$ {4 Y9 Y$ j1 E; a! L3 m
176. Stall-in
; [0 e& s7 @7 D% W x 177. Speak-in
3 S( n& X( j: [% r 178. Guerrilla theater( I0 o' I- c6 n f7 m" D! Y5 e
179. Alternative social institutions& Z0 ^' |+ p# B8 I2 t, z5 D6 |
180. Alternative communication system
5 r, A5 C( v( ]
( h$ T& ?/ T. m3 DEconomic Intervention
& d \2 x4 ?+ f" y7 n% [ 181. Reverse strike( f( P. n- E* m
182. Stay-in strike
. [+ ]* Y3 E n" k( Q* y 183. Nonviolent land seizure
( x, t1 `% k8 u/ C/ D5 A, z$ { 184. Defiance of blockades
8 d3 U9 x/ `# ^0 v1 A 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 s: x8 W2 }0 Y# ?6 _ 186. Preclusive purchasing
, i" e) {/ I' a 187. Seizure of assets
) n6 V: F' _. @ 188. Dumping; J) k& Q7 G2 z( f+ N4 m: l( r
189. Selective patronage
3 Z+ B" H( A1 z' v y9 o 190. Alternative markets
5 Y1 R1 D8 }# f4 Z7 ?8 ^ 191. Alternative transportation systems2 i/ P f0 \- z% L: ~
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention0 A `( U3 M/ \
193. Overloading of administrative systems4 r% x) I* K1 p) a. D: W1 a
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- k/ T1 G L; B, _" ]1 [: m 195. Seeking imprisonment& v X" Y9 E7 p, C0 e0 C c
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! y' A# h9 A$ [ m
197. Work-on without collaboration
: h0 O6 J' B6 |* |: V 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 T, y* `3 W& H" Q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
