 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( v- z- _& i$ a; B% |8 X
Formal Statements
$ G: L* K# X! v% u+ l5 f7 f) B4 { 1. Public Speeches, r2 y! q: W/ j* R) X; f/ A
2. Letters of opposition or support
1 n- r( S0 H s- W 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ X$ P! f9 |5 ]. X( T 4. Signed public statements
6 D1 v3 ]) E5 @' C# q: a E 5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 u3 e2 I" T# }
6. Group or mass petitions, o0 V1 A7 O' k4 a! a
2 A! ?, }2 x! y3 ^Communications with a Wider Audience! t9 U7 {) }3 G7 x1 `; _$ [
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols F8 s H6 C! t$ S
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 `* q Z) R1 E, ~! Q& N8 X
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 d x. g: u6 u" M6 q6 _3 W$ ]; E6 z
10. Newspapers and journals
/ ^4 j8 I* E+ B) V2 S8 A$ b; f* r 11. Records, radio, and television
$ A; D: u4 }, ]# d1 H; e 12. Skywriting and earthwriting& O* f4 D/ X' s
/ d1 ?, ?# P" N7 KGroup Representations4 Z" i5 E3 u) G( J& M
13. Deputations
; U) B1 e/ V' Z1 L# t 14. Mock awards
& G& B; M1 I5 p6 K 15. Group lobbying
# b- p7 y' V# E. N8 N) S; [ 16. Picketing+ d& q" h$ Q( b6 W" s2 h
17. Mock elections
; U$ w# {. U* ~9 V Z" J
8 n! x8 Y) d U! Y. SSymbolic Public Acts; U) R+ n+ R5 O' v1 v; V
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& ]- I0 B5 Q/ q$ I 19. Wearing of symbols9 ~; y1 W" V% I+ d5 y; R) V
20. Prayer and worship
6 \* I: N V9 l 21. Delivering symbolic objects: C6 T9 O) T* o! f' V% V
22. Protest disrobings
5 I! j/ K* O; D: o7 ]# O$ ] 23. Destruction of own property' d k9 W3 a6 p9 ]
24. Symbolic lights
" k- s. v: V9 w+ `; a; U 25. Displays of portraits$ H9 |5 r, _9 m' n
26. Paint as protest/ Y) T; M# S' R: }/ {: m$ l+ J
27. New signs and names
# Y0 w$ a( @; u1 R0 T 28. Symbolic sounds$ X; K; x" M, w3 ~. C6 e* X8 e& i; o
29. Symbolic reclamations
# R9 g. ^% ~" G/ R' l1 T7 s$ ` 30. Rude gestures# G3 F" ?- a+ M, ], F
+ E$ B# f" f2 JPressures on Individuals
3 W5 C( [6 V( t& q6 ` 31. “Haunting” officials0 W/ a' _) w, |5 U0 ]6 H; Q
32. Taunting officials5 l& ~8 a5 ~' o% Q
33. Fraternization$ P {" O: Z- x/ x/ H* g
34. Vigils0 U& K* m4 i: F0 G
: B8 C* H ~- wDrama and Music; y$ \% i+ t$ L% S$ q* [
35. Humorous skits and pranks( D& i$ W9 Q) X3 p+ w6 O' F! ?
36. Performances of plays and music4 f; R/ g: I& t4 I U
37. Singing, Y# Z+ X; {! X/ j' v
7 ~7 C% j1 C; [* R" e$ a$ WProcessions4 o9 O1 E; e# t' F, y" M
38. Marches, O' }# ]; G6 F4 l$ C5 V
39. Parades8 b. ^2 ?* F' n/ \/ M, u- M+ e
40. Religious processions
2 C8 ^( P# |, X9 x- K& a. n 41. Pilgrimages
" ]; i2 d5 ?; t$ [ 42. Motorcades: c& [5 _( f. v3 h
3 O9 z& E2 H+ ? ]! ZHonoring the Dead# W- }6 s( j) s$ |8 }$ P
43. Political mourning& a' F! A1 C) n0 r- ?: j8 h7 C: }
44. Mock funerals/ R! @; Q/ Z6 F, N3 v3 A
45. Demonstrative funerals4 m# g) W. H# h' r9 d
46. Homage at burial places
7 ~% @# a( {% a4 V/ E2 Q+ B9 o8 q- m- ^
Public Assemblies
1 f$ D4 ^' S2 [3 L2 m7 V: X 47. Assemblies of protest or support
- W3 h! |' G4 F7 H3 M2 D 48. Protest meetings
/ l8 a, k0 X2 W/ J$ g. i. h& w* v: Z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest c( K% f: ^2 X; K y* M: O* H2 ]
50. Teach-ins
1 `/ D: M# B% n. H) T( ?& M( t# s
) k f! h# c, Z+ H2 SWithdrawal and Renunciation0 Q2 p" x( q, ^3 s' x: o Q& @
51. Walk-outs
7 ]0 b4 x( Q, w3 [' h 52. Silence
6 T# R3 [* U3 |) N 53. Renouncing honors
* K. k0 B2 {' K/ y 54. Turning one’s back4 c2 u+ X. G f0 E) q# ]% o
8 A& @5 o9 ?, ^9 N7 ^1 X9 O! b
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 m0 F Y. \1 K
, w& }; T0 c# a1 N. i9 P* @ 8 H( r0 L: Y" e8 z L8 X1 _3 Q0 G$ C
. L3 Z& W2 [, M7 t2 G
Ostracism of Persons3 y7 ^% v& H/ g4 o* b" ]' y
55. Social boycott% Z$ S! L6 Z- F9 Q2 Q
56. Selective social boycott7 r: A3 u$ ?. O* n3 U4 i2 h% Y
57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 t( {0 G8 Y9 v' X 58. Excommunication
* X/ M8 C1 M% o( E" U$ Y* \ 59. Interdict
0 ^9 z& ^$ ^1 b1 J! r* [+ D3 q: V/ j" v
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, R" Z) I n/ ^/ ~' J( @
60. Suspension of social and sports activities& J* I+ R6 A7 a+ U) n
61. Boycott of social affairs+ q' t3 }) W' b# I2 y9 {+ p" u8 D
62. Student strike
1 p3 G5 Y5 c0 n* O& k$ W 63. Social disobedience+ M+ N. I5 [0 ]$ ^
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ L$ J: j6 i/ R, ?8 B- u/ q5 b u/ n3 C1 s0 F0 U$ R
Withdrawal from the Social System
, I- g9 ^9 y6 a u* ? 65. Stay-at-home
i" R- q* n+ A4 w8 W 66. Total personal noncooperation
) K) p6 {# q1 k1 ~- g: o0 ], c 67. “Flight” of workers4 Y& k( J" ^) ^9 o4 }
68. Sanctuary1 h. s) h! |" r2 t& ?& m) [9 m
69. Collective disappearance
" M! X6 \- c u5 G. F 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' _* _' F; }( n1 m2 I e
3 v2 g7 q5 S. s* q7 I
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 d, }7 C- a* W/ b
! a6 n h2 y0 K3 s6 }; f; E* Y
3 R* G# i8 H' UActions by Consumers- i0 F% z# G( J" d8 c* c! K6 t2 s
71. Consumers’ boycott4 O9 a+ C1 G8 }
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) j9 ~, ^, S- i' K9 m* o 73. Policy of austerity! V# \; b% u0 g$ p
74. Rent withholding
: x6 c9 b- X5 D+ L0 E 75. Refusal to rent
- f) r1 O/ A7 l) X 76. National consumers’ boycott1 s) s) M) c3 k- @2 Z, G# b
77. International consumers’ boycott
- D: ^8 w3 M; ^4 O2 \5 S- ~
3 T" \8 H( h6 G- l. ?Action by Workers and Producers
- V- G, ~# F; a8 r' }( e 78. Workmen’s boycott
- s6 e: c3 |# @0 K; o6 k5 | 79. Producers’ boycott
, _5 b# v# W. J% e0 l: d5 w$ \& k3 J# ?' c% }$ B4 E2 D
Action by Middlemen
. ~3 |* ~/ B. E6 P/ v 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ u _1 ^( \& L. `! A
1 k6 t" n' z* A+ d6 S
Action by Owners and Management% _3 ]! e+ H5 i1 c0 t
81. Traders’ boycott
2 ^2 Q3 [" B+ q, t0 u7 z 82. Refusal to let or sell property
- G1 D& C, y- v; s5 X 83. Lockout
; s3 t1 M# \9 K) B. G; v2 n0 Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance, Y U1 t0 {9 q& L, F
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' P: f- l$ X. Z. [! H% s E" Y9 X. y5 Z% e& H3 N& S) y: W
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
1 A) T6 O. R4 a, u 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: n6 N) F: [" v) W 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( I) \1 [5 J# G0 y3 Y8 W1 ]
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( W/ `# p3 P; b9 L2 W1 h3 k
89. Severance of funds and credit
% |' u( I6 V# v9 o/ t# g 90. Revenue refusal& i+ ?2 K' Y3 N: F! O& X% k" ]
91. Refusal of a government’s money
: G- L# `/ ~' t* ?3 w
0 F2 H8 j& o6 u! V0 ?% HAction by Governments) Z w. z" G+ Q5 y* |6 G4 K3 _
92. Domestic embargo
' C! q9 _4 q6 H g& ]; h: R! l 93. Blacklisting of traders) L/ q* @" p! O9 D6 B. d
94. International sellers’ embargo
9 v Q. H d. p6 f7 X# w 95. International buyers’ embargo
' P i/ l; S: q+ o 96. International trade embargo
3 T. |; h; H5 l2 B# {
7 [; m7 d+ l) [: v, V+ S ( Q8 U, T) [: a, V
: R5 K, O2 o3 w3 u* ~
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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! b) W! h1 q+ e: d6 u% h" _, D! @; _ 3 x0 F8 ~: u8 C' t: X
Symbolic Strikes
S$ N; f" K" j& z 97. Protest strike
) \2 r) C" d+ j! k! g" ]: s7 F2 d 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- p1 K" G( R( ^) S3 a/ p# k
% V/ `, d7 n6 }( C' xAgricultural Strikes4 ?9 ]) H. M0 f, E
99. Peasant strike
- n4 {% Z! V" ^6 s. U Z7 w/ X 100. Farm Workers’ strike
. n. f( ^5 a2 `
9 d( P; r/ S; g, j' v6 U* c9 Y/ J* E5 rStrikes by Special Groups
& P# R9 ?; D( y7 t 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ I6 J$ }& y, N9 t+ n 102. Prisoners’ strike# v# _+ ^9 {6 U# _& z3 c9 z! _8 f
103. Craft strike
# L# ?$ y, m! _* V; O% a 104. Professional strike
/ V9 _) w" `* S0 b1 i4 x5 c3 S# {2 N) e- O
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
- p4 i6 t4 }2 R5 V 105. Establishment strike) v# Z6 i- i$ E* R
106. Industry strike# B! a9 q/ q4 u1 Z& ?1 i
107. Sympathetic strike
+ F4 {0 M7 [1 q' Z. B1 Y; Y7 n& L" m" i
Restricted Strikes
3 C9 {1 q2 H7 {$ q- j 108. Detailed strike
" p5 H$ V5 g" ~ 109. Bumper strike: F8 R2 E3 _) ^# w% F4 a
110. Slowdown strike' Y' c. _6 l* ~" ^, F* h8 X8 K
111. Working-to-rule strike; Z! F7 x5 }! U/ X$ B
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; L1 q/ ^7 s/ @& i- A4 B 113. Strike by resignation& t% Q9 j7 ?3 x7 s* j
114. Limited strike0 S/ \, a" A- E T" q; ]
115. Selective strike6 L, W2 [3 L2 y
, b0 M; w. @( |2 n/ n* K
Multi-Industry Strikes2 x& o; p7 C/ N5 d
6 J9 [2 F: ]4 c, q
116. Generalized strike3 k6 a0 b) E# |
& G+ o8 c) h3 A0 e4 u! o 117. General strike8 r; s# C+ |5 r: P
, S1 H% z- \& N. S* T/ A! m
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 l9 k: M. @/ |* O" `8 @7 U1 M5 x2 w+ c2 n9 k6 a; x* F
118. Hartal
4 H! O$ a8 l4 j" K. F7 ?& `
- q( G. q4 x2 t9 k 119. Economic shutdown
; H0 c! Z) j# R: S# O' d- U5 e |! r! o4 |; d' S9 P( @
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6 J1 ~' U; [8 Z# a hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
1 { @( Y( Y1 |1 q; B" g; | 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance" b: g! N$ w8 }& a
121. Refusal of public support6 y; z" k# G6 Q6 _8 \8 g
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 S- C$ T# T) g- a: K) ?' ]
9 d* [& z: Z- P& H; UCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government( m) C$ d# P" {. L5 Z% h
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 o4 j/ N$ g, d$ }0 ?3 g$ \ 124. Boycott of elections
: A* A- V6 j, I; E3 Q, B6 C 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
9 i9 j6 y+ B% e, c1 J) B. _ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 p( ~+ h8 F. E7 _" r+ a
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" `& Y' I+ X! M) a 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations a* |- ?; v+ k( s8 Y( I/ O6 t
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 A& P/ I* W5 K* } 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# @, }$ o4 ^: f% [( ^; \ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 z& a1 X+ X3 L+ W) w/ b1 k: v
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: H% d+ p" K1 {& B
/ k+ a8 P) u7 W' S2 M; w; m \Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 g. O/ D/ Y w6 F2 t1 P& N' {
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ y( m' D2 N; G) r1 g6 T/ J 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 e; j* D4 q& u W
135. Popular nonobedience5 X1 ?$ {) m7 o1 B- `+ ]( {9 ?
136. Disguised disobedience4 M4 J% ^. T: v2 [* ~- k+ C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 t N. j3 N( c1 i% _ 138. Sitdown
* P2 ]. H \% D3 I; g" j 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# H/ J% ?9 `7 V: s( S 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; j1 I$ ]% \1 y4 Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 c3 l3 {6 X4 @3 t: c; d9 O
0 [2 u {# b3 V) ]Action by Government Personnel7 {/ Q5 A4 J: R1 }( L3 p4 q3 x( G
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 L9 [! M8 m2 {6 ?/ _" i
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, P0 D* S) D7 h3 Q4 }: _* Z! l4 @ 144. Stalling and obstruction
7 z& s- n7 S+ W& g) N& C% g: \ 145. General administrative noncooperation
M1 d4 j5 C7 Y5 f% I/ a; ]) Q& M2 @! f. {' X- ^
146. Judicial noncooperation2 [& ?: g: J+ m0 t; o R( r+ U3 m+ L
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 r$ z ?: z. |' J4 N( f4 z
148. Mutiny( G# R, |. o9 s3 a
Domestic Governmental Action v/ z- f- T+ X/ }8 ~: d2 i
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ T/ s Y" U* o7 J( V' I! \
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: B5 W+ {, `* o1 `" r. x1 l: _
& F* ^9 x- i% i- d8 m, D- uInternational Governmental Action
- X- Z* c% a6 {; `7 l# ?- }9 q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! D- q$ F1 Y+ z# y2 \+ _% l b
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
) r' z1 [" u6 r( E2 t0 ?6 u 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. N( y) t! |+ H0 e+ u( ~ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% S4 r8 X. r2 _ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations( k1 O1 [. y$ o+ X
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 i# A; U! h/ p 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 l6 U, c" {/ q E2 o( X
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- {# C6 ^7 @' v4 j7 U
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Psychological Intervention. d% y! L6 O3 P% R. w5 p6 m
158. Self-exposure to the elements8 \+ ?, i& F5 I
159. The fast& W7 ^& @/ O( T9 s2 R4 s
a) Fast of moral pressure
$ ?7 J/ a6 P2 K b) Hunger strike
8 A, g" ]3 n% S0 u c) Satyagrahic fast0 f" K1 @9 R a7 r
160. Reverse trial3 t1 n- ?) M; x/ x
161. Nonviolent harassment$ H0 V. y% C. y; t+ }
, s5 J. v6 t0 R5 H* J. a& U# i) fPhysical Intervention8 {. l$ V" ^, V. g
162. Sit-in
. m. {) F$ b( G: A 163. Stand-in
( u6 Z, I" F2 P3 ` 164. Ride-in( ^, |/ }# w5 d4 a- f7 r
165. Wade-in, e8 N7 z. g; _/ G8 e4 Z5 N
166. Mill-in
4 |: a) t1 ~! t" q 167. Pray-in" z" ~3 G! F6 |+ h& S! F7 F8 X% |
168. Nonviolent raids! i# [& C2 ~$ }
169. Nonviolent air raids
" b+ E: P3 k. k. d( w. i 170. Nonviolent invasion! R0 X! \: o4 X/ @/ t" m
171. Nonviolent interjection
5 H4 h9 G5 K3 N. n: V 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 Y5 j. L$ z9 g) I6 v0 d
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
) s- {% P0 K$ D) E0 e. g 174. Establishing new social patterns" K9 P7 e9 C3 H: D2 I1 v. k" @
175. Overloading of facilities
; p D4 C8 C; ~ 176. Stall-in
' C6 w, G0 x0 v# c' U4 n; }4 Y 177. Speak-in2 ~* v: k. R# }5 |
178. Guerrilla theater3 F7 E+ w5 M& B
179. Alternative social institutions
8 t1 G4 D* ^* R3 d, f( w- _0 u, U 180. Alternative communication system
$ |" Z' A& n; W% G: ^9 y: B' o' f0 |/ i! i
Economic Intervention, L" Y% i9 S6 o! x) g8 F
181. Reverse strike
" P. r& N ?' u! I$ }# A* ?# m( ?; P 182. Stay-in strike, s; Q; o. M# ?( F0 ~) p4 m1 ?2 Q; W
183. Nonviolent land seizure
- S" O5 M( g) s; \1 v$ Q 184. Defiance of blockades
% w7 B9 P4 w+ W$ Y) J6 l. T; w 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 s' M+ g5 H. [! J' v3 D
186. Preclusive purchasing0 ]; z9 n9 D/ S( r# x
187. Seizure of assets" d$ l5 q, s! {! b
188. Dumping
1 G; E7 m6 b! b; i( I" S/ S 189. Selective patronage
+ G" J+ L$ T, {, A9 F) M6 S 190. Alternative markets- o( J/ E8 ^0 M' m$ a% W2 t
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 Y# a. G( ?1 U' U; l- h3 | 192. Alternative economic institutions/ A {- @- L5 {- r. r
u3 B. Z- c2 m" `) S8 u) Y
Political Intervention
4 A7 c& z$ d s' X 193. Overloading of administrative systems' T8 ?! ]" d. }7 c/ F) q: y# J
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- R* T9 Z- T4 L* T9 j
195. Seeking imprisonment6 S' `/ U5 ?0 G% N2 H% s: Z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. T0 F* y& ?# L; _/ `2 A( [/ @+ B* B
197. Work-on without collaboration
6 l/ C0 v! L* ^( ~ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- B) p' \4 U! e- T) g9 m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
