 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 _7 z0 V( z2 P* ~5 W5 q. k
Formal Statements% J! a* x0 ?3 ]0 e. N% ~8 e
1. Public Speeches
" ~( L' J" O$ Y+ p 2. Letters of opposition or support6 l) o) _+ v0 a1 U( s2 p% W' N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 N7 d: O# n' F O
4. Signed public statements
# }( u# R9 _$ l" S! X8 ` 5. Declarations of indictment and intention' Y7 W7 n$ R' D
6. Group or mass petitions
( a, l' J- |. n* } F0 S, w. F5 `/ ?. k3 y; ^6 I) e' z
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ N" U W# k. w. }5 B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' _2 e5 F6 Q9 K7 v" s; M& I: @0 T 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 N; z% R' I9 g1 t0 g6 p
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 G6 k9 }; l0 P1 F. Y4 z
10. Newspapers and journals
' e6 {+ y% q' w" L 11. Records, radio, and television
+ {/ h# Y1 o- i) r! `$ Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% ^# U+ k/ n% o& W8 \: P/ L0 \7 o6 j
Group Representations. _9 H! f, E% F: \7 S6 j7 T
13. Deputations
" C$ T! y- t h 14. Mock awards0 a! j/ x1 F$ Q& t u2 C. D
15. Group lobbying; N! E& R0 ^# C8 o. K' K# d
16. Picketing
- N- D) s R& x$ {2 l2 @: Y5 E 17. Mock elections
. V* u) u1 B+ _+ _5 \; r3 ]4 s9 L
! r h2 P7 w7 A1 dSymbolic Public Acts
" G' J" V2 P% ~. X$ j 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! C. `3 J% R" o$ o6 n7 V 19. Wearing of symbols) w# B: m; d' R, E
20. Prayer and worship+ u8 i6 G6 T2 b6 a
21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ z3 o/ r1 w; y5 s: x2 W/ J 22. Protest disrobings
! f9 H4 A. K' h3 T 23. Destruction of own property
j" S, S/ Q5 _8 k2 C+ I: \ 24. Symbolic lights
$ D# h+ \! s2 B 25. Displays of portraits
% [: k( a2 c( Y v: c" { 26. Paint as protest$ C5 h2 s# A) @9 F/ K4 B* n
27. New signs and names
' g% D1 j' k) `# X9 n 28. Symbolic sounds- w8 Y7 M1 i5 ^$ u$ j1 x V
29. Symbolic reclamations- _# S* M7 u W4 e9 W' I# b. D
30. Rude gestures" Z2 A9 X3 M3 Z& C# c( E5 j
3 t& [! G3 K% w* U! p: u: dPressures on Individuals
' d9 _5 @: L6 `1 j1 x/ M8 c 31. “Haunting” officials
9 N+ w8 O9 K9 r' k0 Y 32. Taunting officials1 o+ t( ?: R* W; M" q
33. Fraternization
- _9 H" [* H! w1 K6 W 34. Vigils
2 Z, r+ ]) e( m9 o5 b. s1 k
) L3 o2 W" ~6 P6 sDrama and Music
" h( Q7 g# ?' G- r 35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 j3 R6 c" N t( K( ` 36. Performances of plays and music) E) r1 j# [! W# U% c! W
37. Singing5 Q6 F. W- O2 _: u/ W ^* N, W
" ~# u9 Q% a; N) @. I) h4 GProcessions
# `& l8 [4 }/ q. t- ?/ k 38. Marches& h7 C9 t# | \& Y, T
39. Parades* q3 ?" y' k# d
40. Religious processions
6 e3 a, c: \$ h+ d 41. Pilgrimages
/ V1 K% P9 ^7 l8 ]. g$ P' h 42. Motorcades
! T8 |: X7 o5 b E+ Q; e$ u; n L1 @: M& W- ?8 l+ s% G
Honoring the Dead
/ u- r0 h& D- C0 q. b) c 43. Political mourning2 y4 Q4 `% @1 u- ]: T1 `
44. Mock funerals3 O/ t! D# o+ J, ]
45. Demonstrative funerals
4 B* h% ~! _% [; b5 h3 r6 H$ o 46. Homage at burial places, H0 O" g1 h; i. S+ j+ F, ]
1 n) | x- h& J9 N- {5 t9 aPublic Assemblies
( j1 C) j) b5 q; d: i! l" A g+ f 47. Assemblies of protest or support
( ~3 ~' X* v: f; _: b- N 48. Protest meetings
1 t4 M6 b& f. d. @7 t, S0 Q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& j9 c9 f2 g( {0 x 50. Teach-ins) D- D; O6 w w8 [
/ C& @. O$ w6 M
Withdrawal and Renunciation
' w. f) o4 y: s. R% ]) h5 X9 G* ?- m 51. Walk-outs
9 f8 N/ d; E. h1 Z 52. Silence
1 c6 o+ C3 {- R9 N" ?% J$ V 53. Renouncing honors$ V B5 l7 h& K- s
54. Turning one’s back9 A, E, [) a3 H0 w% a% T
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" V; ?% m# Q% O- V# E: J
9 r1 P5 Y, \3 v! n" j) aTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 g4 {( P" V- }7 j! }, ]$ S6 I
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9 }9 I$ T* a) R9 y; @" ]Ostracism of Persons, h( x% u# Q$ n8 u
55. Social boycott
# a0 D+ R: t+ p" o& x, q, p8 z 56. Selective social boycott+ ~1 H" _, x u
57. Lysistratic nonaction
( k$ b) X; K' k! i 58. Excommunication
" Z& F9 b. W! V3 {" c4 P 59. Interdict
5 x' E! K; O4 d1 s) |1 t, o5 m F2 `+ T E2 w' g4 W$ T8 |
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 p t7 l& S/ k6 u# H
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 e# `4 G+ h5 l A4 F- T
61. Boycott of social affairs
# x' E8 o! D7 | 62. Student strike7 y! Y# J, f& W
63. Social disobedience
2 q. f3 }9 c4 m7 l) Z: m2 C 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 T" y: g' z* l- ?
# x7 s- F, [4 z4 gWithdrawal from the Social System
' R3 g [3 F: ^+ F3 Y) H0 \" _, y; A& A8 Y 65. Stay-at-home
2 l I- C) j$ Q2 _8 d2 T* _ 66. Total personal noncooperation
# f/ ^) M1 W% c, y' G& D5 z7 W- G* f 67. “Flight” of workers* p( [: B6 x2 g4 d
68. Sanctuary
6 ^) _/ Y7 X* t0 _- s4 L 69. Collective disappearance
3 p$ G1 N$ ^- h$ N 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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9 j+ |; @& n7 H, R4 \ [% V b9 V! R+ ^0 r
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS d- _0 N8 C" E' J
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Actions by Consumers4 M+ t. I; H/ U. y) r
71. Consumers’ boycott
( E9 `# O, D! ], \% a. J 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- C* q' h! t% B 73. Policy of austerity4 K' K1 A: U2 q" g# H7 B7 s
74. Rent withholding& j2 L. ]+ u9 X+ L. e
75. Refusal to rent
) D8 G! b* I/ ]; U( O4 ~( E0 o1 w 76. National consumers’ boycott; j3 K" \# s, Q5 ~
77. International consumers’ boycott7 l# u# J- T8 g4 f. z- B8 G
' E4 G- x7 g9 W5 H6 w( N$ b2 e
Action by Workers and Producers; S" }+ ?) K- M8 J" _
78. Workmen’s boycott3 K7 Y N+ g# m/ h( f8 ?( X
79. Producers’ boycott
4 \/ E d8 n3 V8 t* G, z) D9 |' U! N. U- P' | v
Action by Middlemen
0 e5 e i- S9 G' P* F( ^( | 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 w' P% C& w* J( {( N
2 h/ h# K3 F( D0 F5 ~ K' M* gAction by Owners and Management
" U& T0 i8 c+ s9 L$ M 81. Traders’ boycott. J+ Z n% m$ h$ h! s
82. Refusal to let or sell property2 b( Y5 j" i7 g8 a" ^
83. Lockout
) W# R# O1 u. z l6 M7 @ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, p6 @! s! |$ ^% O7 V0 \ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 m2 l0 \8 X! ?' M7 m4 S8 G2 d
, I& w& i1 h0 I$ }5 u6 ^& f
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( D1 n6 o) b! e) O$ d! O 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& m! w) }6 b$ ` 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 V! x+ j) a/ Y. k7 v5 M* k% K# B 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' h" A1 {; s/ b9 g T( C
89. Severance of funds and credit3 K+ l$ L, q# D% l2 g T0 t
90. Revenue refusal
/ L+ l* W: ^# h 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 c/ W8 w+ e; v' G# k+ l
4 F$ m& @* ~4 |
Action by Governments" q2 E k' e2 K1 F; S& F& Q
92. Domestic embargo) e3 T9 |3 h7 k$ g+ o
93. Blacklisting of traders
) E$ @1 u* R7 P) }/ d, c& ? 94. International sellers’ embargo3 ^/ ^1 x+ l1 ~1 M: D
95. International buyers’ embargo+ R- W) B, F2 q6 b% ?
96. International trade embargo( t. B+ i- X2 s7 Z( Y6 `
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 |1 x3 l0 u, k5 a+ r
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Symbolic Strikes$ w3 ^; R9 n% ?8 F3 N N4 R
97. Protest strike
D7 _5 d$ {2 Z! Z+ u4 d 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 {( i# }: }6 c7 ^: S
. k1 C* N: J3 v+ Q( }. z9 pAgricultural Strikes
$ v7 |7 A7 |! q$ G6 B 99. Peasant strike
4 H; k8 N7 |( ]& g) D/ g 100. Farm Workers’ strike
% N- A6 n1 x* H W: { {6 A) O+ q. [' j7 ]3 o
Strikes by Special Groups3 g- g( `- R$ p3 d
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 M" R1 e, M' \$ x; p) \
102. Prisoners’ strike( N! D9 O4 F/ W, W0 ?- G
103. Craft strike L( \, r% s& F: l$ p+ x2 o$ G
104. Professional strike+ a. H- {9 | \0 e
7 c$ x/ R2 Y. ^8 i; m7 ~Ordinary Industrial Strikes% n: N: s* G3 L3 ]' ~
105. Establishment strike
, l# `* A7 Z2 P9 j 106. Industry strike8 l- a1 H1 _$ B
107. Sympathetic strike
n/ T% h( x8 F, a( y% g( }. a- g* z! g: i1 D
Restricted Strikes
) `* g+ {( r6 o: z8 D 108. Detailed strike
: t- M& W+ P, U" N+ o! N3 y1 ` 109. Bumper strike5 m e) J5 h+ p3 d+ d0 f
110. Slowdown strike) q+ V/ P- i {( x7 g# Q' d
111. Working-to-rule strike
" K& w& T0 s" |# m+ x+ r- { 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)( F# Z) [# c" i1 [" w
113. Strike by resignation- c+ b# K4 p1 S6 L
114. Limited strike' o0 U* r G# v9 H
115. Selective strike
& F' ?" Z- M& ^% X( N+ w' l) {
, _) W- k, z: f4 I' @7 oMulti-Industry Strikes
$ m$ M* w' J8 I/ v( \; `9 V5 R0 |/ M& I. F" [5 p1 m8 X! b
116. Generalized strike- t' L( g! u4 m, x; a, V
5 @$ I0 u* y6 {* \+ v+ w9 L
117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 l' `7 R4 |6 U0 M1 \. L1 H' [6 b8 ^. Z( a5 B5 s7 C3 g' Q
118. Hartal
4 m. m' z. L, f. b6 q
9 f3 x% M0 [# s- G2 @5 i9 j1 _ 119. Economic shutdown' v% I" V3 w" ]% Z9 X
m" b# u0 s! O' F& w1 |( H+ @$ h
5 A5 E! u6 R/ J8 p4 j
) u& x9 V9 k9 n# uTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION- H! O1 n1 @1 P7 h/ _$ v( f5 N
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Rejection of Authority3 s, l9 O) D0 E$ |7 U
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' e. j d! ^4 l3 Z5 l( Q2 O1 k
121. Refusal of public support- } R6 @5 b, F# d( J; t
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; ]2 Q& t) T, Q: m
* J9 r9 J2 e$ i3 JCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; A/ L! c/ a8 {8 ]" | 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. u" S- A$ V& y/ W# e' e/ z 124. Boycott of elections
: m! a1 V8 v1 _$ I1 p* | 125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ M! Q4 m I( v- f3 @9 {2 ?
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ {- ^, t8 f& m8 b0 j
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; g, T8 n G+ x: ] 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations9 y& f O/ P& E) ~3 _: q/ I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( d. T& r- I; k1 | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 H+ Y8 j2 F0 }
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 V% c. _& M" p; S( ] 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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4 i2 u- }- W E1 ECitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 q$ k3 o6 F" ^( e1 _& o- j/ P
133. Reluctant and slow compliance- Y9 A4 l4 M8 k( ]" B+ ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ i# f1 |; O! D8 s* g6 [ 135. Popular nonobedience
% n8 H4 D! a, _/ @; a 136. Disguised disobedience: i% h$ q8 U; Y% ~( p1 ^$ u+ L
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! o% g z. [+ Y0 k 138. Sitdown
3 M1 ]" g" x& L% z% C3 ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, k4 g* X4 M' O6 R. n- G5 M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# q" A: C4 x& @4 A1 f- s; H
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% ?! A) a$ s, G& o' @4 t) G5 G
" Z2 b; P; c+ ^Action by Government Personnel8 {% `. Y, o7 G( ] v
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 T/ i' N1 @; I t# Y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 {7 d- i; N0 B8 l0 u 144. Stalling and obstruction
- z" _/ u3 u2 F; Q. N) e6 Z 145. General administrative noncooperation
- u9 `8 T& Q% w# k/ D! s$ ?2 {+ H, G
146. Judicial noncooperation0 A5 L) ~( N! u6 A' q) G
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 m- Q7 ^/ K/ t+ ~7 ] L 148. Mutiny
9 }6 _- t0 h& i Y( l/ _) {Domestic Governmental Action
3 o# h/ }& h7 ]2 Y$ V7 I% t0 V! }) d7 a 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( P! H' x7 t# k& w0 y; a1 K 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
/ d8 e5 s# U) y6 k) ^5 l+ e; w1 I9 |: B4 g- n
International Governmental Action
9 K) l3 C) M3 a7 M9 n$ h' |. m 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 k1 y3 o4 v' Z" c* B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% E. I; t0 M- P 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 S) C$ E3 `" G1 w3 g
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! m3 W& l- W: _: j1 A g2 p5 _" q5 {% k 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 d8 I; [# K0 C' D: ^ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 ]! t$ W& v0 o2 @3 r8 w4 T0 V9 d
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 K+ e% z9 Y1 _! e6 r. d. @
t. n. X' m; ^* v
5 _, L5 i1 A) ~% R8 c3 d! Z
Psychological Intervention4 X5 n- E# h$ N! y, `+ M5 K
158. Self-exposure to the elements& {; |$ ?& p1 O7 ?4 V9 H
159. The fast
# h' d& ^: {; S6 X9 p" n, J a) Fast of moral pressure
- }) X- ^3 g/ N. W* l b) Hunger strike
1 |7 o# u$ C* `5 i5 o* S. H c) Satyagrahic fast9 v+ l3 E+ a5 A
160. Reverse trial3 M7 A# o6 @1 I0 X5 l3 N5 b
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
3 R, Q; @6 z4 i* @- e 162. Sit-in
! p: y H2 B3 v7 | 163. Stand-in
7 W0 v2 ^% `: [ 164. Ride-in
, ^7 l4 R" p3 ^, H/ E5 s6 l { 165. Wade-in
3 G1 B8 R+ d- f# Z 166. Mill-in
7 g( h$ r; w6 Q: X R3 N, D 167. Pray-in5 j8 Q/ ]' {) t+ b! y) O; \6 u+ |
168. Nonviolent raids
$ `2 l9 T+ e* I0 l 169. Nonviolent air raids
* J& n7 o+ `' U0 X 170. Nonviolent invasion7 z+ ~/ N1 d. I5 a3 r
171. Nonviolent interjection4 }8 ?! w/ ], s; I& a
172. Nonviolent obstruction% k. g6 e& {# ]' k! b% C9 r1 t
173. Nonviolent occupation
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; {* m7 b, X0 ^5 P- h: F5 iSocial Intervention
/ p$ _9 j0 M7 f 174. Establishing new social patterns. r4 I7 y$ @. P- h
175. Overloading of facilities. C* I) P( c( W* R4 V0 E
176. Stall-in
+ L3 I& a' q: ]5 _ 177. Speak-in
! e1 J4 F3 [5 p! j& O5 I 178. Guerrilla theater- Q" Y" A0 R7 Y1 F t/ P: V5 ^: \+ H
179. Alternative social institutions% |' v2 h" {4 O- y) C$ {
180. Alternative communication system+ b8 a6 f$ J5 }0 r
3 J( G% _9 |9 G* o7 u
Economic Intervention
2 i* [+ S s3 Q. a6 l ? 181. Reverse strike
+ v m7 ]- b. M: C2 w 182. Stay-in strike
# T# r$ i8 Y- j" F' x 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 y& ~! b9 S( m B 184. Defiance of blockades
/ X- q. n, \3 K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& `( V! z0 W7 h 186. Preclusive purchasing
% o' E8 E- a& u2 t* h 187. Seizure of assets
6 k, f [# z! a3 _$ g" \: c" f 188. Dumping
0 L3 f, B8 @$ K4 [3 [ 189. Selective patronage+ u* |: @+ \- W& H, ~
190. Alternative markets* p. r' W4 l6 u {0 }+ m, \, B: x* C
191. Alternative transportation systems; p1 x& k8 S3 p0 t
192. Alternative economic institutions, {, P& }" `" l1 l4 q
& Q5 Y" m9 _2 b9 K' \( b2 u3 JPolitical Intervention$ N# M* E; a# h2 W
193. Overloading of administrative systems$ B9 _+ `2 m- R5 A" j
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 r6 ^2 ^# b' k 195. Seeking imprisonment
% @- Q; G. H; w! c- P8 c7 j; m" @ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 R' C! `0 [7 y/ ^. K2 I9 ^% U 197. Work-on without collaboration) ^; n; K# n8 g
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
