 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* @1 X9 S- T8 T1 K+ f, _Formal Statements( v* S4 M. O; e& M
1. Public Speeches6 K. p, w2 ?+ z" p4 p, n% Z# c
2. Letters of opposition or support/ I- e; q( k- K# x( n! v' c4 M
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) E: }- U; c. w2 G. X. M' H
4. Signed public statements
4 t O" L+ e- \; }1 K9 i7 T. M 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( P6 r! ]9 u: _) X# _* d; W
6. Group or mass petitions2 h0 W$ ]+ ]% B- z
% v- B- l" C; l: v" oCommunications with a Wider Audience& g* Y2 A! U* O) S3 a$ b
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 L9 \1 q: P7 @& ` 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 |4 |5 ~1 k. } D e b 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! O! h$ g6 A$ D$ s4 g4 L 10. Newspapers and journals( ]* A) L: C9 o6 m' V$ y4 ]! `
11. Records, radio, and television, v2 E5 j+ ~, g- c; ^4 x
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- ]5 g+ F2 p% t2 |" D# |. q( l
& \7 ?. e/ ~" H2 b u- zGroup Representations, \" H& E; U% ^5 o
13. Deputations
8 c+ E1 t3 y( s0 A5 E6 @* F: V 14. Mock awards! ] L' V5 q2 _" Y7 S( y
15. Group lobbying1 p; |* K9 ?+ m$ c. j
16. Picketing
. }7 o* e" i: a, B2 M) n/ j 17. Mock elections
. u' q0 P' I- x4 Z5 o2 P
# z! y" J4 `3 sSymbolic Public Acts
8 C) ^. m3 l0 P( \0 h' |4 q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ L1 I7 @8 D3 _' m) g3 r# w2 m( ]$ T
19. Wearing of symbols, F' e8 i6 P; I* Y4 J; F7 G F
20. Prayer and worship
2 y# A \1 i- p4 I- X- I 21. Delivering symbolic objects
# O+ o2 m- e+ t2 [9 s B 22. Protest disrobings5 n! K2 l4 [% v
23. Destruction of own property8 @0 n- s4 Y4 L6 g% |* M
24. Symbolic lights
4 ~) d e# U" Q1 k+ C 25. Displays of portraits$ M$ o+ U; N& C: U+ j9 K; v
26. Paint as protest
; ~+ w% L2 }# R0 Q 27. New signs and names
K) |/ d- e3 D' I q h/ X 28. Symbolic sounds
4 h1 B$ ]0 m9 ?; T7 {& K* _ 29. Symbolic reclamations# G$ B) A: J# r8 s
30. Rude gestures/ i- L/ X3 ]( N2 z
" B& X8 l" a v4 z& B* Q" YPressures on Individuals; ]/ L' G! U4 V" q7 n
31. “Haunting” officials0 d ?* A% M5 O* \- p
32. Taunting officials
8 i4 }, t, c5 j( }! o4 f 33. Fraternization7 B7 k5 N$ ]8 _8 V
34. Vigils; P9 f( @3 d. N+ ]4 M( F' E
- }' E& B R+ N+ N& ` q
Drama and Music
3 H/ i% L( ?( Q) M) |' [1 n7 K. g 35. Humorous skits and pranks+ M6 Q" c) C+ |. p8 [# i
36. Performances of plays and music1 ?' K5 L) V* X8 y
37. Singing9 [7 m1 v2 g% v' M% b7 |
0 s9 ?$ U' |* Q: IProcessions
4 T `0 e4 w$ V0 o; j+ P, i+ [& X 38. Marches
8 R+ g/ ? C; u) ]$ s# ]% q7 j 39. Parades
! q1 T& ^ T1 i) { 40. Religious processions
6 T' m! H# o' g/ P 41. Pilgrimages' L& F8 v0 [+ G. l8 u, A" n
42. Motorcades
1 `; |1 p9 ~7 a3 @( d$ I1 q1 C
0 O5 R4 @+ b; i6 j1 rHonoring the Dead
; E. U/ L, }9 L! i 43. Political mourning
) F' _" a% w; Z" {- g3 s 44. Mock funerals
' d. F) G1 j7 t7 h0 H& W3 m 45. Demonstrative funerals- J* m v; ~+ k4 l' M! T
46. Homage at burial places
# n$ Y9 }$ Y6 g3 i0 @, {8 i: i! ?# k/ V2 d( i; f0 e0 e1 ]
Public Assemblies# I. ~: G& j! D0 \* ~ i0 i
47. Assemblies of protest or support
) a4 \% ?0 |8 s3 T) o- T 48. Protest meetings
5 Q# Z2 d3 B4 T! u# m 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
{4 w) w2 S: c+ o1 S5 R, d. V 50. Teach-ins3 e; m) }" y7 D8 l: s- Q. }4 `* ?
8 R& A- p7 N) @1 m" {Withdrawal and Renunciation# j# ^5 a% B) X/ l6 n" x/ u
51. Walk-outs; h9 E+ _; K( f$ \! Y' I* V
52. Silence
u4 v- U7 j/ b2 _3 s 53. Renouncing honors7 k! O0 J$ v9 }8 s: }9 y& B
54. Turning one’s back
8 N; J( m% v$ O Y h' Q' c; @/ L( J' W- h9 p7 {
8 W4 }0 i, C2 w2 q
8 g/ r# Z- ?% a+ aTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 Q3 o9 n1 e6 W0 n" n6 }
0 t$ d- S0 c$ f; n# @
- `- n- m: T8 |6 m' Z; ?- w; j2 U8 ~: i, Y. e$ g$ u0 R/ t
Ostracism of Persons
+ T! B7 h$ B2 s: o3 a: ?* W 55. Social boycott; f- V% f7 C2 y- @: \, N
56. Selective social boycott" P5 u0 W! m7 \
57. Lysistratic nonaction a& |* D9 G: I2 w3 k3 ]0 V
58. Excommunication8 ]. ~, q6 M' g9 @, d; H
59. Interdict
" R( h$ n& y! Q2 D4 s9 q2 T
2 \' i+ \8 }+ O9 a8 `7 A! @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- A# Z) I. N7 P& ~: C* t) U 60. Suspension of social and sports activities: R& }2 \3 U a. D
61. Boycott of social affairs7 G8 d% `8 @( \8 |
62. Student strike! J9 C) D6 Z$ H9 {9 A# W) U
63. Social disobedience5 v9 c& t4 F6 }4 n# K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* i5 B5 `; s" e) g- A
2 K. S% P, v1 [3 V4 {% @Withdrawal from the Social System8 a T$ h) T. g9 |
65. Stay-at-home
5 U/ V% B8 l( d6 i* d) C ]. ~ 66. Total personal noncooperation
0 e: x: u2 `. O: p; C 67. “Flight” of workers& i* Z* C" _$ E1 j9 b
68. Sanctuary* h# s6 e1 @2 r1 B3 m B# K
69. Collective disappearance
- H0 M5 [* A3 q# H/ m 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% `3 m0 |# h% M) ~* A6 g, G; w7 _! @/ n3 [
, [& Z6 [/ I0 B2 ?* X3 ~" E# v
6 X4 B1 w( ^- a4 G$ }
2 ?; h2 ?/ d: W/ m' L) W& BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' M" [. `/ ^" H
+ m |5 [' L* e' ^, @2 \ 8 V" N6 f7 x6 V. m n; v
Actions by Consumers
* h) o; g; X4 b6 g. f6 F2 A 71. Consumers’ boycott
1 ^+ L: b5 F# s) ?) E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) C% T3 B3 B( {, a5 s 73. Policy of austerity
6 a4 w0 E5 n* W+ ] 74. Rent withholding
" e) t8 i) J" ?6 R" k, O# w 75. Refusal to rent
: X, A/ m) w8 Q- @/ w 76. National consumers’ boycott# @) \; d7 M6 x) \
77. International consumers’ boycott
1 h- p P q) J$ ?& h3 j
2 t: Y! C# }" r; V! jAction by Workers and Producers0 c2 ~5 A6 c0 K6 _4 c
78. Workmen’s boycott; \. `& F/ w; f. @2 {5 z0 C
79. Producers’ boycott# V0 m4 N+ z* X
9 n ^+ U2 @4 ^, U% {8 \9 LAction by Middlemen
7 j; E) ~8 O! j& i9 Y; _ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
]3 d, ]# m" D" o* @$ I& u6 [' X: C. A9 r- q: _# N+ N% k/ j1 m
Action by Owners and Management9 Z# p( J$ x% r. T; m* s
81. Traders’ boycott% e1 z# U$ b$ E% C
82. Refusal to let or sell property V- _/ z8 ?, v5 h
83. Lockout
) x/ n; n8 y9 {% A( O( G, y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 Y! d2 O/ W8 t- W: v' p+ ^ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”# \2 s3 w1 Q8 i
' j7 H% G/ C3 q( L/ xAction by Holders of Financial Resources$ A9 R( G8 x. S8 e+ u7 O
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits I, D5 U$ v& t, Z# e
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. g/ N3 |: s# p# B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# `# j4 B& l5 N9 d. t8 G/ E8 H0 ?1 W6 g
89. Severance of funds and credit. Q, q/ P8 L/ J9 y: V
90. Revenue refusal
) r' E" C1 S! e3 X. C 91. Refusal of a government’s money& O, f( a$ ?4 w5 j1 e5 O! T
, E+ }( R' |1 bAction by Governments
( K ?! E, x. Y3 i3 ^! o; a3 U4 A 92. Domestic embargo
9 c- l" P6 D# A; _5 z; L 93. Blacklisting of traders
G+ b2 l2 c# q4 S 94. International sellers’ embargo" Y1 I" U- E& ]
95. International buyers’ embargo
2 M' Y. w0 ?, k; o$ M 96. International trade embargo2 O. p- M% t: V3 {* F
. J* L5 a: p" ~# m8 B, l ; o9 N+ r/ H# p( j7 ?
* x" j: E* U W, ?4 y3 L
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( H( C" M% ]$ Q% @
+ I b. d3 ]- a2 x7 I 6 [6 v" a. }9 f( U% [
Symbolic Strikes
: N1 `9 Q3 C5 R7 y* X7 R* ^2 x 97. Protest strike: L+ o7 U+ U4 ?4 C+ _, \! Y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 ^/ A1 w( D" d
$ B" z) K: T. P: HAgricultural Strikes
. K' ?6 ^# l* i) G: T, `6 {; Q: b 99. Peasant strike1 c; K8 m7 ^" z$ v2 f; o2 P
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ t$ s5 P0 F3 m* i- U# t9 Y
7 L$ n! r$ @: p R6 b& L' O; J( dStrikes by Special Groups$ u |9 z0 N- {* q; @; U" g: r
101. Refusal of impressed labor
) [$ a" F: i7 n" `& ~& R8 b 102. Prisoners’ strike
2 X: f; F3 a% s1 z$ c) t 103. Craft strike9 \/ z V4 B& Y9 F
104. Professional strike
d( Q3 O/ i! @- d$ M; f' R& ]* ~0 }8 t+ ?6 k. }
Ordinary Industrial Strikes- R1 P4 E9 _) w& `
105. Establishment strike
$ Z8 J a g) L/ o" N# _, k, F 106. Industry strike
|& U: }6 ^8 F9 E" i$ f 107. Sympathetic strike
( f- ~7 Z0 W. r5 o6 w+ ~9 L( h! J1 _" r3 ^4 ?0 x
Restricted Strikes% f( I' f7 P! H- B
108. Detailed strike
: \8 @) `2 e: c# X {) _3 d& _! y 109. Bumper strike0 M' H( J% ^0 m3 r* B& ^
110. Slowdown strike
8 G7 T% X! I3 S' Z e 111. Working-to-rule strike
; V ]5 E7 ?2 q( } 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ ^/ N/ R2 g$ Q- Q9 b6 I 113. Strike by resignation2 x( J0 F7 t1 G: D) o
114. Limited strike
9 O( x. l+ A- u1 G+ q; o1 E 115. Selective strike
7 `1 v( B: V4 X; ?9 L$ j4 E; _$ x2 U
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 J5 U5 A3 r4 c4 A
Q5 j2 z, M, j X% [ 116. Generalized strike
' {" i0 B- I0 O) g
' _/ K; i' v9 D" ] 117. General strike0 {, F3 z3 c+ Y$ t5 m8 X
$ L8 F/ S# s% Z$ I, s0 n
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 k) Z0 b9 A3 r# _
. j% s: H( G4 ^7 |/ s7 H. L' H
118. Hartal2 F+ n3 s, `* v2 Q6 x
& [7 D w4 s7 b8 w* C
119. Economic shutdown
1 [6 m- E9 \, e# P/ }$ {
" \* E4 B% }+ H* O' Y* R- p3 D
& ]$ B6 ~( u5 U; f8 b* ^) f
! y8 M y3 K. S n6 @+ q' i$ DTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 G3 B7 R- W9 X/ O. c
' ^8 P! B0 Q/ q8 y& K& ]. t7 U9 ?7 U2 I, n
7 N8 v( u/ `2 v6 w+ S8 X& L' CRejection of Authority
7 e' i0 v8 v0 M J 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ B+ I1 J/ O5 r. i4 _; ]8 ^: I
121. Refusal of public support
' i5 c5 D& }/ J0 q5 B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! k' J: U/ I- H$ f1 Y" W7 A) b2 |
, R2 Y& F3 L' q sCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. N T$ P9 W& O8 e- x2 Q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 k) M+ n9 \! A$ w/ E" {7 k/ c t 124. Boycott of elections0 `' o$ G6 k" d r# m, F0 U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions: M) c' N# i8 k( U4 H
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ h# H, _; u" u; G: G 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 l) V4 i9 R9 U+ b! k$ p! c
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' u& `1 A2 c) ?0 k8 x7 p2 M 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* f+ ^2 j9 E0 I [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" X! p# @' C, b% x* N n1 K 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials5 z1 r( \' x" G+ ^4 |0 U: _
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 S9 t) a7 C" G7 ] Q
/ g5 [; u6 O8 {( p, p0 U. ^- ?Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 g, a& z, O g: D6 Q" J, ~+ Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; k& Z. T: F8 b# m) R 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; Z6 F' R. q: W5 H" [5 U9 L7 a; F! [- t 135. Popular nonobedience
3 k2 `* a; q4 y+ P; @7 g, C 136. Disguised disobedience
2 `( [2 u c& _ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 O2 x. ?' R' |7 O9 ?* @; M
138. Sitdown
# w7 z0 a+ J# J( K' v+ l$ U N 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# h. Y; @2 X$ O$ h4 d7 O
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* |2 Y& Q7 [2 |0 I6 H8 F
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- E* N, u( j8 e" D- s! _3 ]: C1 X# u! a
Action by Government Personnel
3 b% U) r/ \4 @! b5 C( }: j 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* x; w# a- l" P
143. Blocking of lines of command and information- H8 y- f6 y; q& Y: M& j
144. Stalling and obstruction
- t$ q- Z7 \5 ]& I" @# W5 g 145. General administrative noncooperation+ G$ X3 `% o- X% W; p3 {
; t K, B7 s/ h8 }7 a 146. Judicial noncooperation
! m$ ~( Z1 r% G7 U 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% |: u( g' S1 m) J) G; t2 s 148. Mutiny0 f* `4 U1 x9 U" p
Domestic Governmental Action7 W6 c l3 I+ {5 |7 y& \( m: ?9 x
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. c7 Q' h" Z% P- m+ X
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; @( G" h9 ?: U& ~# v$ u# ]
9 S+ U" ?; o& _/ J& x: h
International Governmental Action+ c' T% v1 ^, {( J, J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 ^9 i0 c8 G6 z2 q e
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events" h! c* v% X5 ]1 A$ X8 ]
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& i+ s W* X( h5 O. ? 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, s4 R/ x3 d- S/ s
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 @. x5 n( Q7 O4 d. e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ y. ]2 I* K+ E# x2 _% c, X
157. Expulsion from international organizations
; ?4 n: [9 ]8 ~3 @; a8 i2 _
7 { h' P# i# n, L ( M; o# A+ V6 g$ ^
, z# T/ N! d, O+ i7 s: P
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 `% Y% k5 c1 H. s8 |/ r/ Y
0 ~- x$ B7 V* S( M8 S# W8 B1 F
, E! s& @4 ? `
Psychological Intervention. J) x; O& z9 v. l6 X2 {
158. Self-exposure to the elements) `" ]7 p/ U& c$ V
159. The fast z# B+ h& a0 f1 c
a) Fast of moral pressure
/ s- ~8 c4 v" c b) Hunger strike
" ~# `5 I7 B! f0 \& F7 b1 a3 ^+ C c) Satyagrahic fast
$ `' c: |$ u6 \" j; `7 B, R 160. Reverse trial
6 T0 j- i- c* ^1 d4 P" W" ~ I 161. Nonviolent harassment
# v V c+ Z% F7 D ^' c. @$ S1 N1 Z; u1 q* A1 `
Physical Intervention4 I8 x$ h' W7 p' p5 b0 W
162. Sit-in
% \2 x/ v* v' u) V 163. Stand-in& k" x) k: B6 x" V6 w; E4 U
164. Ride-in1 A' e( a. e, e: R! R
165. Wade-in4 J! H; v3 `7 m& q# m( P1 v; X
166. Mill-in
& u6 }# \& P2 y% g; O* i6 [! Z 167. Pray-in. z8 _. V& ~% s/ w# r
168. Nonviolent raids4 u+ h! o- | s$ q; u" G6 y
169. Nonviolent air raids
3 _2 [7 L6 v" M4 H6 R9 ^3 W 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 V' d: C3 p N 171. Nonviolent interjection
7 a6 \% ^1 F4 h+ I; R3 e8 |; e 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& u' f5 w& @% g3 h 173. Nonviolent occupation
$ m- D& S! v2 I# W( V0 C
* s4 Q( v% P" w4 U jSocial Intervention
1 M) Z8 K3 T$ b3 r/ |9 W 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 w' A* a$ o% \' V3 o* `# S# R: @& f 175. Overloading of facilities
, }" ?- T# Y# i 176. Stall-in
+ D1 T8 \2 H6 O- u 177. Speak-in0 }: {7 E9 ?5 `
178. Guerrilla theater
; ^0 b7 a& \* J# G+ d H 179. Alternative social institutions" _ V: n6 S( [! q( C8 |4 r
180. Alternative communication system. K4 o/ |3 T: Z% h! x
; [/ G2 ]: J2 N! y& s c. CEconomic Intervention( m3 c$ u: y$ ^: t8 [8 M5 v: R Z
181. Reverse strike7 L: O" m# z$ F
182. Stay-in strike
" R! k9 b9 a/ L e9 x b 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 V+ E8 y* p) \# T" z5 [7 c 184. Defiance of blockades1 J1 [/ f c7 z$ k. h4 ^, J: j
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 U$ e7 D, ]' Y1 J4 U
186. Preclusive purchasing
4 H: J" X v7 d; X8 f( u) } 187. Seizure of assets) D4 N3 v3 r6 l# [
188. Dumping& u b, x7 I5 C6 h
189. Selective patronage
$ u* v: J L# m! i, k+ f( X; B/ q; n 190. Alternative markets# S V/ P3 L5 t: M8 Y
191. Alternative transportation systems
- ]" w, l% I9 N8 j3 z+ ?; I* p; c 192. Alternative economic institutions7 l/ H$ c; o" I. D6 ]. y
f4 S. Z6 `) X) W
Political Intervention
& k! I$ t4 r7 m6 k* l6 o, z7 Z" F 193. Overloading of administrative systems
& U/ {3 N4 k {! U% x, _: ], A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 C1 B$ a4 J, S' N& e
195. Seeking imprisonment! p; N$ x( d% j) K p7 O
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, r0 J6 I7 o- U* d* T" T- m
197. Work-on without collaboration' {) l$ D2 s! D) ?4 G# f5 `
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government g. a) u- u0 I( Y
# l5 r* t/ D% F) Y: ~# e5 \$ N8 ], O |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
