 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION) f% q$ p8 H# h
Formal Statements
% ]- W1 c- |0 P. o# {5 J 1. Public Speeches5 r9 {5 A# ^0 F
2. Letters of opposition or support
! k) g6 ~# G1 m9 U# u8 [ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
2 z$ j7 Y2 L/ c+ r/ L 4. Signed public statements8 t, G) q# N% ]% ?2 x
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 S3 J8 @/ t: _% B
6. Group or mass petitions* B3 D8 e4 B" A8 |' R- {
' N: ?, [ A% f0 ]& X1 lCommunications with a Wider Audience
: k+ m' @8 Y' N- ]; w 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" v! ]9 l/ T7 K0 a1 Z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ Y7 I5 R3 f* F
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 w* T! m* k% F# ]. |
10. Newspapers and journals
1 ]$ d. ^; z; @$ M9 r- I/ ?3 D* I! y 11. Records, radio, and television! B0 U8 _ |( _4 F0 y# l
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 u6 z; } w' e# g ~
- I7 [+ D" \1 xGroup Representations! K, u, J: f0 W) [" |
13. Deputations Y1 c) ~* D% J8 A& s+ @
14. Mock awards
# K7 O( a1 P9 Y2 x0 y3 @) L 15. Group lobbying' u* n( U% I7 M
16. Picketing
! w9 g: _' n3 A& x, B3 Q4 L 17. Mock elections
" X# [& ] Y. E( f1 d& [" ^7 r/ l9 x' U* ^! Q7 a% s8 d8 c$ H' H$ p
Symbolic Public Acts. }. g2 n& @6 q9 t5 N4 J
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# h8 _7 M* K3 Z5 ~6 k) C
19. Wearing of symbols$ [& H% s& g0 l
20. Prayer and worship
$ x1 M @0 H7 ~9 K' N! b 21. Delivering symbolic objects2 ]+ N- k" Z2 a: E' i; m7 n9 C
22. Protest disrobings
/ N. ^5 g O% ?9 r7 S 23. Destruction of own property
9 l3 [. Z, V6 ?) J/ C8 J5 ] 24. Symbolic lights
: _4 R( P; H# h& D* a1 V 25. Displays of portraits) q3 ^0 O0 G5 c( Q6 K a2 m7 Q7 U
26. Paint as protest
% u! |" A& b; y4 ~ 27. New signs and names
d+ d8 b/ f4 k4 X! M. Z 28. Symbolic sounds
$ Z s; V. |" n( ?- g" ~6 l. `- n 29. Symbolic reclamations
& D/ Z; C% e/ `7 T& } 30. Rude gestures
/ n8 U# }3 T- z
+ ~% P( U' t5 O3 a8 vPressures on Individuals
" ~1 A1 B0 I# H1 }3 A2 v 31. “Haunting” officials0 s9 X1 Z3 ?0 v- r( F% W
32. Taunting officials
& {' L7 ?* y% h 33. Fraternization! ^9 ?, M+ D5 K, y, o# E
34. Vigils* V$ v U P3 ]5 q
8 R7 G1 a: D9 E8 k1 B6 ~8 X
Drama and Music/ Z6 z/ b4 x- c$ [9 M
35. Humorous skits and pranks
& J7 l T2 z) g: m4 a, t# P- G 36. Performances of plays and music
" ~% Z9 o2 z# a% U& o. Y 37. Singing6 V7 y- Z7 [2 Y! } F
v7 T* b3 l1 ]+ q k% V, E
Processions
$ R& {$ R+ _3 m 38. Marches
: U9 @+ |8 k1 k3 l7 r( C. A 39. Parades
' F% p! J' K) |5 w 40. Religious processions: z+ ^ e! G9 K& }2 P5 T
41. Pilgrimages$ A, C, I) V% A$ R7 n% j
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead. U0 A* g/ y2 @" q
43. Political mourning
' N* [. ~5 F; J7 D; M1 t) Y 44. Mock funerals
6 y: S0 [, M: b, _+ G4 k( D; A 45. Demonstrative funerals: I" W6 s3 a# n/ g
46. Homage at burial places3 X2 h6 I; _; |
1 K' @# L: }* p( u' \+ A# ^, d
Public Assemblies2 o2 q7 s) R+ o3 I8 q/ e5 ~. u
47. Assemblies of protest or support- t$ M# v7 {8 Q- N4 w/ p
48. Protest meetings
: g" `$ x$ h4 w. } 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
e$ r. k) _9 k 50. Teach-ins
) z5 T9 e6 ~4 x" a* W0 c* F8 d8 w9 [: }' ~* E" B* _
Withdrawal and Renunciation' P4 r( m! _# ~7 E
51. Walk-outs
$ d7 V9 i- t/ \$ V 52. Silence! M; N2 l7 S/ f& A1 H; \
53. Renouncing honors
; K. B6 t, H/ g4 g. J9 ? 54. Turning one’s back$ p( d/ Q- v6 P7 y5 i6 s. P0 [
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+ ~- i2 n8 [( S# N3 u, cTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons' F' g& S4 C6 ]* v1 ?
55. Social boycott
3 L( D: E$ S& q- X7 D 56. Selective social boycott9 _2 f; @, ^ W' e4 _
57. Lysistratic nonaction
% T4 G$ M( `: b0 a) D9 b) A, h 58. Excommunication8 y- R" C8 j+ J8 k! D1 w! G5 j. v, Y+ y
59. Interdict/ A# K, V0 a& ~8 V" C
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
7 j1 K9 m# N# t0 B; i5 C& E7 R4 ] 60. Suspension of social and sports activities. B# s7 S; G4 J/ u& ?1 ], ^* Y( y
61. Boycott of social affairs7 @5 _ z; k: i+ k
62. Student strike) F' z! u7 m8 I5 P" ]' }
63. Social disobedience
4 V' j- e" E; d1 Y$ ]" ?& a8 O 64. Withdrawal from social institutions# [) @/ f+ `( F3 u. s6 T( X
l# Y$ C% l3 s1 V3 O
Withdrawal from the Social System
5 u2 K5 F5 @" T7 Z7 @ 65. Stay-at-home
# h B2 X% D0 g* T 66. Total personal noncooperation
% `7 i. z% t4 C, r e p9 d1 C 67. “Flight” of workers( M* t+ X" o# x$ _2 F c
68. Sanctuary$ g6 h( A4 A2 b; W
69. Collective disappearance
2 R; s: b$ K4 I# M; _ f 70. Protest emigration (hijrat), W7 e, _7 Y4 C& S+ [! Y$ _
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 d P0 F: N6 s9 Y" m/ Y8 Y( x8 Q
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$ p9 b) X& U) W) k5 DActions by Consumers- c4 X+ z2 K& k
71. Consumers’ boycott$ ]4 [' ]6 F, m+ d
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% ?$ Q8 u- j. `, M7 y7 v0 y
73. Policy of austerity
$ u; T' b4 b3 L, U# v$ K 74. Rent withholding3 `# O2 }! M; }3 O
75. Refusal to rent
9 d& O r: n: c, } 76. National consumers’ boycott
8 @* q) O+ V& l' Q, M 77. International consumers’ boycott) z8 G9 v/ J+ r4 t8 v
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Action by Workers and Producers3 i, L6 ^( t7 ~" |. b* H8 f, x$ ^
78. Workmen’s boycott! k! R7 t$ g9 I( X3 M
79. Producers’ boycott" @2 p/ T$ S5 q4 z- L( d( g
+ x c3 e2 t3 a) |/ G, u; L
Action by Middlemen: h! r6 l" Q: ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ A1 l6 _1 V0 {0 ?! u% c% [% m4 O) e( q
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Action by Owners and Management( u `& _& X$ L# i( i
81. Traders’ boycott
4 _4 `7 P) ?) T2 U0 } 82. Refusal to let or sell property
# i' z, u5 Y8 Q2 z 83. Lockout
3 K Y& ^ k" S 84. Refusal of industrial assistance- C/ n# y. X( t
85. Merchants’ “general strike”# B. P1 _! O- V d+ F- t9 [
6 T$ q' X/ z) Y }6 [Action by Holders of Financial Resources$ w# A O4 @+ O; l3 \
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 a( h9 y4 X! F) g$ i# q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ Z- [6 z8 b& H" \6 F
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 ~+ ~: j; o7 }8 O% [% G
89. Severance of funds and credit9 p7 b0 H4 b2 p/ h* c' S: C+ o S5 U
90. Revenue refusal
2 g% ~" l Y! ?8 z 91. Refusal of a government’s money% L: m% m+ y3 l& K9 T4 {
5 s0 p6 S: t; U7 nAction by Governments% b* G2 d' [/ U0 t- {
92. Domestic embargo( `1 ?6 A; F/ Y: u" y. ~' n
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 f0 u7 g3 I4 J- L+ W5 |4 X 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ e- d3 \$ f* h! l# R 95. International buyers’ embargo
" r# `+ x+ g+ Y% A9 S 96. International trade embargo9 N8 _- d( i9 i7 W
0 x2 o; D- ?+ e# P# L % v1 q/ q$ `- G) t$ \" [( f+ _
5 t% X- e1 F# Z, A9 V4 {2 k5 cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
" U+ d$ N. Y3 i* X0 a) W' U) @& @ 97. Protest strike3 n& t( I9 G7 t/ K) J1 `6 B
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- Q' S* ~* P# H+ z1 P- \( e0 g
f; h6 V H' \4 L O, ]
Agricultural Strikes' i. r# R8 C. D3 Y4 d
99. Peasant strike
* X- V+ X/ ^: V* ?. i 100. Farm Workers’ strike& H: }' j' P5 i, O: q( W) h- a9 \
/ G, l3 d) t2 R) o% N1 y* j( nStrikes by Special Groups
0 c% y0 u n$ l4 l 101. Refusal of impressed labor
! O# _& y* Z7 M% R; I 102. Prisoners’ strike
% w4 b5 I1 ?* s* s% ], p 103. Craft strike
' X& ] V0 v$ R$ d' x 104. Professional strike i0 ]2 n. i; m% ^/ A
$ g, @9 U# |" C+ v3 C! \, b
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
2 {+ v7 G, R+ ?) G. Y9 l; B 105. Establishment strike
) k; G9 o: ?2 \6 s; r: Q 106. Industry strike, Z/ j) q* M/ J0 L+ t' G g. K( E$ @
107. Sympathetic strike9 G0 |4 `% I- ~; u5 y A1 A6 B. H
2 k X- _# W3 b2 I& M# V* q
Restricted Strikes7 h4 j- e- A# k
108. Detailed strike4 W; ]. I1 ?5 m {" M X
109. Bumper strike+ ^ @- W* q: y8 y! E
110. Slowdown strike2 m: s, a' s$ @6 g" S
111. Working-to-rule strike+ M* S. x& g7 \6 a3 y z3 O! r! c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 U, U3 q4 _8 m% }9 E" G' A 113. Strike by resignation
9 ?* `: D- [4 F* s3 }/ e2 Y 114. Limited strike
7 o8 y/ @: y8 D 115. Selective strike
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5 d% b# z6 ?9 l4 e$ K" fMulti-Industry Strikes5 i0 ]* }* y7 y
2 @9 @+ @2 A* X2 _- v+ H$ H 116. Generalized strike
2 M H+ f+ p' s$ P8 _- {" b6 A7 o, K4 g4 a2 h4 U4 R T% r
117. General strike
% F: C% S* u. e( ], u9 w; z: X( v4 ^0 y6 x
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 {$ h$ @7 G% ?# C" u: c, o) {% V1 @$ c% K+ T+ }2 B/ y2 A
118. Hartal
+ s1 S$ r( f+ o! V, _% C T) D4 a9 D7 ?
5 y' H( n; P, ~& F4 ]2 C. _ 119. Economic shutdown& K2 V" ^. p- ?
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ e1 J' ~# T2 r7 S+ ^! T8 J' C+ {
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' K. b7 L9 h% \' |: MRejection of Authority
2 {" W% W! B$ Z! [# H7 j( t 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' o' m- w4 j" W3 y2 V) q7 R
121. Refusal of public support# ^) i$ F% b! h- l
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ n; r. X# t, h- y+ ?3 r: a( Y( Y) y& _8 R' N
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
! ]$ @" R1 ]1 P$ j) k E 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ ^( V. f- W9 D 124. Boycott of elections, x* \' b, b& U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
/ z( i& _; O8 ?: B 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 k# @" x) Q4 T& a. H2 A; ~2 D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% F6 \4 h! {' c9 c9 f8 }
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ _4 |( X$ m% n7 S 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& r% M( l$ I& i2 q' N- ]# B5 ^) t 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, G& u) S3 U) Y$ c) x. O. X2 y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' O: h! L* x3 f
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 x8 O+ w6 E8 F3 u6 T4 e2 T, t- t& w+ \# H$ r3 W' N) w) O
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; S4 G* z& M1 s* |( N% _ Q2 p
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( F1 v7 A! B, I# V: C" N- O2 f* g7 C 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) j# ~% h# ^7 K0 i M: f 135. Popular nonobedience' X8 N/ t/ y$ t. f( V# j! x/ f. e
136. Disguised disobedience
# c$ d% T& a; U y& ` 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 Y7 J6 _, T2 A8 p. L! V 138. Sitdown
' r1 A. D6 @ B- u 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 T4 E, S, c9 A- _6 u/ G 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 f& q, J! M {' u9 n) y0 Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 b7 D/ e3 w! j! ], _- _& U
/ ~5 M( F9 J9 m! ~& o% Y" ~Action by Government Personnel3 a! j4 h, e1 I& `6 k3 P+ S' O
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ e' h! a E' w
143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ ] s0 x$ k6 c% \
144. Stalling and obstruction$ h7 L' G. v8 `
145. General administrative noncooperation( f o0 `. t/ h) g/ C" @1 a- [
1 T4 }. j1 }+ t, I2 } 146. Judicial noncooperation
) t- F7 q3 e. l* ~7 ~ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ M; _- |8 s/ e5 [3 R/ ] 148. Mutiny
7 `' ~/ n+ k% N5 SDomestic Governmental Action* o" V4 {4 H$ t X% h/ Q/ U( f7 {
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 s8 g: i" \( b
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' o% f, Q& |$ C) h$ ]7 W6 K, A7 B
' Q: |6 S4 d4 `3 FInternational Governmental Action1 |1 a1 y" D7 N
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) ]+ q1 T$ z2 Z6 p
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, I! W3 ~2 o+ @& `8 t w. O& p
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& {, B2 z5 Y. ]) H6 ` g: y* U
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! t& X* s2 S# x/ ?9 `" V0 i* j" H 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 ^: f' [! c3 a. f1 p
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ v* v: P3 g: K! A: U9 b 157. Expulsion from international organizations( L: n7 g u5 x* O, L
" X5 ]& a0 u4 _# P- f 7 m/ s! ]# n- G* j. z9 z
s. ^( h1 p! e% o! mTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* S! d7 j+ f+ B
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]& B( M2 x/ a. f2 Q+ }Psychological Intervention
- Y [( d9 ]+ \' d2 G. k- Y 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# @- b+ e, M: U6 K* B1 l4 k 159. The fast( u( Y) g/ C0 Y4 A
a) Fast of moral pressure" T# x" W7 L. z
b) Hunger strike
+ _& C' `3 S H) `1 i c) Satyagrahic fast3 ^5 p# J3 Y( R0 j& A
160. Reverse trial
' p. I: D; a' K- K, @* d/ Z 161. Nonviolent harassment
7 _3 c. V8 P3 K3 f" k$ i4 v e9 w7 x+ l/ f" W \+ K0 D
Physical Intervention
8 p$ C6 Y& l. \ 162. Sit-in
3 ?$ I- ^* ], U- o4 y! A 163. Stand-in
- Q9 a: e* H" p& P7 s 164. Ride-in
, j* P5 F; k9 R# @& l# B 165. Wade-in
7 X* r9 S, G" m2 I2 E+ x2 O 166. Mill-in$ \1 c5 A& c3 V# o
167. Pray-in; ?' J9 W; c" R y( R y( ]+ [
168. Nonviolent raids" S _- k$ O, [. p* T; n
169. Nonviolent air raids2 f" Y" j- V, O6 Q1 L4 J* |
170. Nonviolent invasion
6 T1 S& C" p+ R0 G1 N* b 171. Nonviolent interjection1 |% X1 F! n$ R% J+ _
172. Nonviolent obstruction
- c; O9 o+ h% ^0 q4 v4 Y5 n, E5 q 173. Nonviolent occupation! H+ p$ l2 E+ W! q
, ~+ N: \$ K& E, T; RSocial Intervention% c# C% o2 P: e/ G# V; E
174. Establishing new social patterns" S- ?: p2 r9 B1 C* w
175. Overloading of facilities
2 M5 H% I( W; g$ D F 176. Stall-in2 \- Q' l' @* {& K
177. Speak-in" r$ s" Y, r; g8 K' M
178. Guerrilla theater
/ U: R# p f" Q! O2 z* i) n 179. Alternative social institutions) D4 g* v( a) \$ H' J
180. Alternative communication system
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+ X$ v3 ^) o+ D. b% AEconomic Intervention
& t9 A, v" _" x1 F6 T. ^4 f 181. Reverse strike
+ h& N" k8 S/ ~7 P- q. L# ? 182. Stay-in strike3 Y- U: L% R9 Q
183. Nonviolent land seizure x. [! ~& ~1 ~. s1 d6 u
184. Defiance of blockades0 l: V, M# D( T. ^/ {4 q1 J0 s+ q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! q0 m7 o" ]% y" D 186. Preclusive purchasing
: f3 B: D) g* ~) t) F1 Y% U 187. Seizure of assets
1 k* U5 Y: N7 {7 c% m5 Q Y% Y$ V9 s 188. Dumping3 p3 d; N D) R
189. Selective patronage7 c; q; g/ y3 {* `) T- c/ |$ C
190. Alternative markets
) ~4 n! p1 T. P. h3 Q 191. Alternative transportation systems
9 w3 M r2 [3 Z; Q* d 192. Alternative economic institutions
9 { s( F; C% V2 C) l9 P5 p
" S% c0 \, B: KPolitical Intervention
/ v1 l' K7 f. c 193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 Y7 `5 B6 F! e2 g s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, p; L: m! a" L! U" q6 s
195. Seeking imprisonment+ |9 n$ r8 k& Y \- t; O
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, D- m' X$ ]8 K% I 197. Work-on without collaboration
' ~& ?5 ?$ t5 K, N+ I1 T) i: V) { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government5 e' j! n0 F8 u' ^0 m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
