 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION% `5 h: w( ]6 S1 ?# Q3 f" G' c
Formal Statements
! @- ]* g c6 p! w7 L1 g! z 1. Public Speeches
/ |6 L) U* V5 E; `5 Y* q0 ~ 2. Letters of opposition or support
" _& y, g+ Q1 e3 H( H, E& C 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 c$ Y9 H- D" N: V
4. Signed public statements& Y- V" S/ i; ~5 {
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 L K8 s1 s3 {5 P 6. Group or mass petitions1 K& u3 T/ p# {2 L# E: G
6 u8 Z2 t' `- D! MCommunications with a Wider Audience1 b- @/ ^& F. o
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 ]5 ]$ r7 f6 {
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 G: _3 D- f2 o1 |8 h$ M& s' e
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
) P. f' K# G( U' ?3 F" ^, o 10. Newspapers and journals' G$ }( s1 X: L& E5 K
11. Records, radio, and television
7 W% y, S% P# m% O; r 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
2 I9 @0 C3 ^/ m% Y5 V2 E2 O8 l; c: Z; Z) U# o) [( y
Group Representations) ?. d3 O! E& u
13. Deputations1 \9 W/ O7 b4 E
14. Mock awards4 Y( V" I+ o0 Z5 A, p8 x
15. Group lobbying) {5 C! }: z8 I' m" ^$ g* q+ N
16. Picketing7 W. K: s) E" J
17. Mock elections% B2 Z8 p$ V# ~$ F* J
; e9 Q) s _$ z; Y$ V
Symbolic Public Acts' `2 I2 h9 Z' @& a! ^; i
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( I# X' \- N) w# }8 `
19. Wearing of symbols7 h8 [5 z) M6 o$ X/ d7 c4 P
20. Prayer and worship' C$ k' X5 L! j* Q7 j% g
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 L3 m4 O% C' V# A6 _* p 22. Protest disrobings5 p2 h" j+ i" C4 k! n: W/ m9 ^
23. Destruction of own property5 x" n; t6 c& T* e& v" U; R- r
24. Symbolic lights) A. U5 {0 C- C$ P+ P
25. Displays of portraits
( v$ K) o% O: g2 O( N% l9 h& N 26. Paint as protest
* \" p0 l. Z9 F5 j% t% B- ~ 27. New signs and names
9 O# Y! J$ O, U D 28. Symbolic sounds
# `: r! h' T# R* g% w0 g 29. Symbolic reclamations. T$ e/ k0 I/ z. \& z
30. Rude gestures- C3 k* f; p/ m; l$ @/ A: s
& _+ k6 s: a2 [* V( x# ]. U
Pressures on Individuals
% b0 {5 v. n7 g/ F8 Y0 r l 31. “Haunting” officials1 ?9 ~/ N2 Z" O0 V& j# [5 h
32. Taunting officials! B+ s" }4 z$ y
33. Fraternization
+ p( B) l' v; m. C" T1 d; m8 P2 m( { 34. Vigils, j# v z5 D; [$ `- e ?! h
0 c& a' Q B L# j% yDrama and Music. T! Y* Y. E) @% x2 S: _- [
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 c2 D! M; s% X: E! l: l
36. Performances of plays and music: G2 X( F3 C$ c0 A; s
37. Singing
, ?4 H) L6 l( x- q
; m! O2 N- @& \- |" x# d/ Q. KProcessions
' w @" @& V: m3 u; R8 o9 T) T 38. Marches
( n( k _+ A. T2 s# M7 b6 e 39. Parades2 k! i. D% n# R' A: H/ q7 R
40. Religious processions- @) E j. x7 _- T0 l0 r. u
41. Pilgrimages
9 M! M7 J7 a; |% E* p 42. Motorcades
( Y3 e8 L1 d1 i1 N. N/ _3 x) M* B6 l# }' O
Honoring the Dead
* s: d* [* l1 C8 D' E' v! m 43. Political mourning$ U$ p. i5 ?# z: ]
44. Mock funerals
B6 j* Q2 R, L' o$ s 45. Demonstrative funerals: x# E3 B* X1 k* x" V) F/ N! _& b
46. Homage at burial places7 l6 ?# j- ?7 Z* K5 G
9 I( B: |/ V& E1 b e8 l7 _) A
Public Assemblies3 ^9 K, Z# z! o2 ^. T( l w
47. Assemblies of protest or support
# z0 f8 D9 o$ | 48. Protest meetings! {/ K- E# K N* r2 B0 s/ r) ]
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ ?' H F5 I3 m1 S% B- M7 ?
50. Teach-ins
# }6 H* Z3 S5 X. ~# n
0 ]7 G/ C- P3 D* p! b$ }- k# bWithdrawal and Renunciation# k, q. s5 B% M' Z: V+ l
51. Walk-outs
/ b; B6 K2 a+ V( r2 n( `& P 52. Silence
8 _! N" a6 l* t) z" {7 P. H% g 53. Renouncing honors" {" b) c1 k. }1 J; e2 b
54. Turning one’s back
) t$ {1 s) N& n7 p* E V
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8 U/ `+ C! ]# t+ MTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION y) v& d' ~. F6 }4 R( M
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, Z# }8 [9 f2 I2 L
Ostracism of Persons0 z; K8 l% h- \* {3 _
55. Social boycott
6 `: U* T. C$ f) O3 l) e& k 56. Selective social boycott
' K" m3 o; ^' J" \ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
. U' V5 T2 a) |) }& r+ u 58. Excommunication! L9 q8 |9 Y0 i9 w3 S; }1 T) u
59. Interdict6 j8 B4 R& c' ~) u( q9 R0 a
2 E6 {& ]5 Z1 D# ^6 N3 O, U1 w
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 U& h7 J* Y1 n# ~, y) G 60. Suspension of social and sports activities- Y3 e" b6 r, S- O' }
61. Boycott of social affairs6 e" C7 O3 E9 }. r; @
62. Student strike
+ o/ W8 O& I# w' `) P0 l 63. Social disobedience! z6 \& Z4 y. y8 @! S5 d
64. Withdrawal from social institutions i7 a# F0 r! t
$ D6 o# D5 N+ N1 i+ nWithdrawal from the Social System6 u5 I4 M% H% `6 T
65. Stay-at-home
% f' f- d# q( w6 @* L( R, t5 \ 66. Total personal noncooperation0 l5 a4 |: l6 U8 R/ c/ h5 Q
67. “Flight” of workers
4 p: b1 A1 O& \* z- |6 x' H, \ e+ { 68. Sanctuary- { X, V8 X% q: W D3 v: u
69. Collective disappearance
" y8 y/ @9 t; G 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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8 X9 V$ @1 i- i3 |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) ~- [; u' R1 _6 r
6 A4 N7 b) @! y# X
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Actions by Consumers
5 H3 {0 ]% o& n 71. Consumers’ boycott) n3 Z7 Y" ]2 m% g+ Q' K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 D5 L1 d0 G. ]
73. Policy of austerity5 s+ A6 N4 Z+ ?9 r
74. Rent withholding
% \1 }( S& K. g& D 75. Refusal to rent: u+ m+ x; v* K- i
76. National consumers’ boycott
% t0 g m0 C* { 77. International consumers’ boycott
! c3 o0 i- @/ _' i) A& I, o+ u1 y- i7 c2 x( W- V# c
Action by Workers and Producers9 @2 A) E6 k. g8 q8 m% m) a
78. Workmen’s boycott5 C+ X" V% X. f$ ]& P7 ^
79. Producers’ boycott
# E2 {, @% @; ]# c
4 Z! \( U8 P2 M' p# o9 [Action by Middlemen
( n3 s5 v/ p5 \ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 C! V2 _9 U0 n8 m0 M* D
% N+ _1 [& z0 B
Action by Owners and Management- h- i/ L5 w4 {3 B9 K+ J; ]4 k# s
81. Traders’ boycott1 P* \+ O8 S5 g) k# U2 }
82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 x; ]: e$ [0 n# _: a1 w 83. Lockout
# {* D8 T* l; T4 N0 X4 ^5 k7 M7 ] 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ O+ B) v8 i |0 d! v5 } 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 E4 k# [/ l& [" n- v% o" W0 x. L# Z/ f* _! @
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
1 h, G- _0 h4 r" |1 e 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, w8 z" t- w0 k" G& Q5 l: ^% J$ n5 s 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" w' }4 R( z3 `) f- Y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 \, b& R, E4 ?8 H3 Y
89. Severance of funds and credit+ T& u) y2 Z! l- _# ^; c( O
90. Revenue refusal0 ]- |( T8 ]( _# s8 [+ W
91. Refusal of a government’s money) n, l: {! I. }
6 @* O* o) l( r* v1 G: ~
Action by Governments6 s9 {" Z3 I- s l/ F
92. Domestic embargo) P! H) y4 R7 y
93. Blacklisting of traders" @- i' A& _" s
94. International sellers’ embargo# n1 P8 y8 N' \
95. International buyers’ embargo* D: w5 f0 V+ U+ _
96. International trade embargo1 ~1 R) A0 I, d
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( `- i/ a. Z4 S5 {: t: }) a# }- |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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9 Q$ V4 A H" C0 R! g( ^Symbolic Strikes
. [+ B) @4 Q' @' o( E 97. Protest strike
' A& q0 C8 L% s! F 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- t/ z* n- Y9 w% t& ^/ k9 D2 X. t) U
Agricultural Strikes7 d _! a' T' Y* D: U
99. Peasant strike9 n% ]) ^0 D, _; i; }
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ i3 V ]* C# b$ M1 _( b
& K" @$ ^/ r& {9 N
Strikes by Special Groups7 H9 T! i) Q2 P
101. Refusal of impressed labor
, Y0 r# D$ J9 w3 D; M( b 102. Prisoners’ strike
X: q9 b9 y+ ]! \ 103. Craft strike0 I; r. ]# Z2 k7 `% Y
104. Professional strike4 |8 g1 b1 w" B
) O9 p- P$ Q0 Y. ]+ M( [. mOrdinary Industrial Strikes# Y" t( O* E* `9 Q9 ^/ y3 i
105. Establishment strike
4 s- Q1 F* U/ A+ |" B 106. Industry strike- z- [3 Z) X8 J
107. Sympathetic strike8 \, l( |$ L0 Q
7 ~1 F3 y' J+ {& M5 c6 D
Restricted Strikes; N7 G9 B+ d, A: `/ |8 F, E/ h5 Q
108. Detailed strike. o1 I4 t* ~5 b. L
109. Bumper strike. y$ S L8 k- `5 M6 D% Q8 J! y9 B
110. Slowdown strike3 z; X4 k1 }# K- o4 L
111. Working-to-rule strike
- i: z2 S: J) K, U5 \; M: h 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 Y- t0 E% l4 i& e1 K 113. Strike by resignation
" V8 U" s9 G' b+ T( o. @! M6 P/ ~7 a 114. Limited strike
1 a3 r! k7 ?( ?6 |! G 115. Selective strike0 v1 P, d7 _2 _7 F
8 b) R# h! D# A/ K! Q
Multi-Industry Strikes
0 m: X( n. `) \1 \" n4 C
/ s* `& v: t9 L 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
3 w0 a, F) {& |" J9 M; \
U; I% f$ g( MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures. H T% F9 i- i
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118. Hartal
$ a" n/ b$ u! N; s2 f6 X& R" F' E6 r8 o( Q- a" o, F2 x. F, [9 w
119. Economic shutdown
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% t" X4 \% J R; }& h( RTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ N, q% j7 B8 L4 k
6 {7 [& S1 C, v; h% `
" h" [ y7 ^. I! S4 W. `Rejection of Authority
6 @& y! `- k) k3 B$ L3 S( z 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 v9 ~- u+ p3 V) |( |
121. Refusal of public support) }/ t" T+ H0 ]; S# s' H! }
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ e; T$ m# Z' z& m9 j
$ [2 v8 Q$ }- x" b1 A. e2 E5 ^Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government, ^) |; T' g7 ?
123. Boycott of legislative bodies' s# N5 Z; `5 ]
124. Boycott of elections) {* c2 l( v6 \$ N( p
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 f$ b; C; E* T7 { 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* }6 b3 {; ~, N0 I 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 x% Z! R1 d( m8 m 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 L" s3 B% c0 ^9 E- N 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, l6 ]9 R& l! U' g: a
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, H& p$ l8 o$ w, ~ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% k |0 P3 t' o4 Z& H 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- b" a: s% S! h/ o; ?0 n2 z) L5 }6 T; O8 c5 g) Z. @/ r8 H
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! E7 Y% A) `1 \, d% P& K5 Q. l1 [! I
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 m1 E4 _# u% i
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" P: `8 W7 S' ^+ c+ e
135. Popular nonobedience
: ]( z; D2 E7 n3 ?- _4 p 136. Disguised disobedience
1 w j& s2 \2 w3 M 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- E& o2 |3 V; j4 Y8 L0 A
138. Sitdown
' P' w& {7 H1 v, S/ p 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation K0 n# d% i. y/ H j; U2 Y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) _" k, `+ H6 z: E7 y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. a( ^) f4 @8 Y/ Z* p- w8 s
6 m( ^$ B. P/ _5 ZAction by Government Personnel
* ~& M% N' T4 _" x 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' b1 Z, J4 n( [0 i' ?1 y U 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( H1 n; \, }6 d2 t' I5 [- f
144. Stalling and obstruction9 X/ H* t$ w9 S$ {, E* W
145. General administrative noncooperation
: I# e! L G4 G7 Y2 O
1 O! l3 I# k2 z( p a( F8 U 146. Judicial noncooperation4 L9 j6 c& Z3 n$ ^# y6 o
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 D' V/ P' S0 E
148. Mutiny; z" T E1 n2 e# h! \1 G& X
Domestic Governmental Action
$ l1 ^2 a2 s7 k3 k3 C: A! { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 z# W& d: W% \8 C4 L& R# p2 p 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 z; B% ~, w$ T# F+ }* d0 ]5 f% c
. U0 ] L5 ]# n+ ^* S& g
International Governmental Action
; n y2 l( H+ C" e$ p 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 k5 y0 S7 O/ C0 L9 c# N8 ~9 t 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' r2 Y! b9 x' c7 W
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* X' w- [1 x% h0 q7 M8 F
154. Severance of diplomatic relations H' b8 C e- ] T( L
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' \5 ?& l* Y% Q8 ]5 N 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 p& r& B" c4 b
157. Expulsion from international organizations2 x: `1 d* n9 b( r; [1 y! Q* F
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3 `+ p! i: ^' J- T4 W9 V p. v$ z, J& W" R8 Q$ V6 W) h# T
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
0 ^, x/ F. a+ Z: P V+ r- h3 g+ q! a& t 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ z9 y+ U- d; }2 U2 Y& R) L
159. The fast
9 ?$ S8 d7 ]1 ~! r a) Fast of moral pressure6 P* ]6 ?6 n1 \3 M5 Z$ W; K
b) Hunger strike
8 N+ ~, v: L, R% E/ }6 K& i c) Satyagrahic fast
. ]; \; Q9 k0 }: Y0 B 160. Reverse trial7 _ n. H a% L
161. Nonviolent harassment
) v) M# j h. k' u' ~
! m: F& E- t0 T. C5 s( `Physical Intervention
z# k- ^. N' E$ f2 H 162. Sit-in
1 U' ~1 X9 h6 v5 Z( } 163. Stand-in, m% W; } b+ D9 Y7 \ s
164. Ride-in
) ]; _3 ~& k. O: ` 165. Wade-in9 Y i: r! f1 d1 n- n) x5 ^7 T
166. Mill-in
4 n- j4 t7 S u( }) f 167. Pray-in0 [& Q% N3 T0 ~/ Q: s' j
168. Nonviolent raids2 A: B4 l6 H- f6 X3 y
169. Nonviolent air raids
' V1 P2 B/ w" q/ q L 170. Nonviolent invasion3 |- j7 C1 ]4 [+ g. d4 [$ ]8 s
171. Nonviolent interjection( Y d# U1 w! k: @& z6 }
172. Nonviolent obstruction, T8 x# x! Z2 [/ N" r5 |2 U
173. Nonviolent occupation" P' i2 h5 r( p4 D. O/ R
; P- x. G, j9 P' J# j4 V8 mSocial Intervention2 x: R+ J' o) W H0 q: c
174. Establishing new social patterns
$ A( K4 d$ Z! \2 `. {/ y4 G: ~3 Z 175. Overloading of facilities
6 F9 G5 e& c: k: N$ n 176. Stall-in! L" |! t* ~+ q# r
177. Speak-in2 j4 R0 T3 q% b v+ G/ e; T: `
178. Guerrilla theater
" x+ J0 l* C9 y5 ^; N' m B 179. Alternative social institutions
$ P0 @! W1 F/ D2 g7 V" R( J5 s" b 180. Alternative communication system2 L9 b7 E" \- n6 \) E7 L
9 ^) v. {7 ]8 C% _# a7 g
Economic Intervention7 r- _: r& Y4 i: C w+ O7 n
181. Reverse strike3 ?* q, U& m7 u9 l5 k [- n
182. Stay-in strike
5 `" z2 k" n5 d. y: P- d 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 x$ [3 J8 T. k- M8 B% \
184. Defiance of blockades+ ~, {3 X% r" {
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 Z y$ o" [$ r: M4 a- c3 S 186. Preclusive purchasing' [& s- V. n$ Q9 x( B: H
187. Seizure of assets, C$ A, c% J* }
188. Dumping! R4 h: P, {; b/ ]/ z4 \. G
189. Selective patronage
) ]4 X& o, @! j- E 190. Alternative markets
3 V, h P, K5 \ 191. Alternative transportation systems8 ]9 y9 R% Y6 t6 V* q$ x$ B" R
192. Alternative economic institutions
' f- y6 Y& L. B3 I2 v! b
5 ?! N1 f- k) ~$ UPolitical Intervention
! } C$ M$ q" v' S; ? 193. Overloading of administrative systems% Y& p8 L- ?5 j9 }7 T
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. ~6 C$ w! {2 Z. d6 c7 C
195. Seeking imprisonment, i$ V5 H8 T" h% m$ c
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& K/ ` ]' }. I1 n; t
197. Work-on without collaboration- n* M7 x7 O$ g! Z) j; b: o
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
