 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
m+ m7 A+ Q# ^) a* D' a* c6 JFormal Statements1 l4 o: |2 n1 R! n
1. Public Speeches( `' U$ [0 E. p' b; X/ W7 i0 `
2. Letters of opposition or support, Y/ f) v& i5 v M4 e5 I% G
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ ?: U( |# H% d/ L# C 4. Signed public statements# Z# ]) Y+ }$ ]& |: ]( k
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, } F1 D* L: i1 x5 i) Q
6. Group or mass petitions
' K8 m+ z _$ [4 w3 @7 J) L$ p
! L7 B; Z o: n5 O, K4 ?Communications with a Wider Audience) E9 m" N& c5 `, b* ~7 j# c
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. K# [- W; X* o, P
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* D+ ?6 o6 a5 {9 Z0 e 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 U: x9 y/ |, Z 10. Newspapers and journals1 a( T' Y ?; f5 S) e4 W& M
11. Records, radio, and television$ N( G. n5 u/ Q, R$ G7 j
12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 P$ L. e1 \6 e
2 Z2 A. p! m! H- S+ R7 Y) i
Group Representations' p1 Q7 {4 J% z b9 ]
13. Deputations J; ?, k3 ^" j
14. Mock awards
, ?& U% [7 B& A+ y( K, p; a9 N 15. Group lobbying, @+ }3 t6 n5 {6 ^: `" n; U
16. Picketing9 V# u0 M9 `# ]$ j& L
17. Mock elections d- O, a( o1 y a
% G: k/ H* Y3 lSymbolic Public Acts7 m3 _* g3 c6 q; D4 ~& f
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 p1 |& {% j) a9 d 19. Wearing of symbols* f7 s/ ]3 u& l
20. Prayer and worship
1 o! U0 e. s" r7 x! C9 t n& w 21. Delivering symbolic objects$ Q1 H- ?" d. ^5 d
22. Protest disrobings5 `5 ~8 f/ V" ^& ?- O) i/ C% l
23. Destruction of own property/ `" ?. I1 r3 V: ^3 V& }
24. Symbolic lights- M0 O- C5 L8 z/ L/ Z
25. Displays of portraits. P3 R1 B4 C: d$ P! A2 d6 U
26. Paint as protest, f' B* b. M2 D1 w: J
27. New signs and names4 [2 Q P6 F5 r' S; T; r: v8 T
28. Symbolic sounds8 _" j7 [$ A/ D1 p+ E/ J! d" ^8 U8 k9 T
29. Symbolic reclamations3 _1 ^5 w: g3 M$ ^2 f# o
30. Rude gestures! b$ s" `: s% K' h1 z
, g" e8 K6 X8 Q" H
Pressures on Individuals
6 T" s6 f& @9 d7 p2 z1 E3 m- E 31. “Haunting” officials- n: q8 ~; v, s6 _" J3 i
32. Taunting officials
5 j1 _5 Z! ]4 A% y 33. Fraternization9 R. a9 @! P; j8 J
34. Vigils
- M, N7 S0 q' C2 r/ ^
. N7 B# h: o$ d g0 IDrama and Music& [# O; X3 ]3 Q9 e/ i/ ]& s2 q
35. Humorous skits and pranks% o" ^) A7 v( t, s1 D8 r
36. Performances of plays and music
, q, f4 U- Q7 m2 ] 37. Singing3 }" H. n+ d! ~5 p
1 b( O% A1 e! L: e. K
Processions% t" P# b8 B7 r4 E- v3 x
38. Marches7 b. k# C- S6 y' v* M% D2 L
39. Parades
: G; A3 a; S, {& H0 A 40. Religious processions6 L9 I: J% t2 J! B- z
41. Pilgrimages
( l( ^$ q- C6 i* {+ v. [% q8 z 42. Motorcades
5 ?* v# S: C0 m. n& L% g3 f# [$ n0 D. C/ H( d7 o2 V
Honoring the Dead
9 h& \4 }0 h3 \/ K1 r 43. Political mourning. l4 \; Z( n0 Y/ e. \- Z3 ^1 u, G+ |
44. Mock funerals
3 P I$ _$ X a% M7 k* O4 _' ^6 G 45. Demonstrative funerals
: p5 c" U( h2 x$ a" g& a( G5 \ 46. Homage at burial places7 v0 u( t# e; o0 O2 C) q3 z$ X
/ l0 l9 [8 E0 I5 ~Public Assemblies
) w9 Z3 V# f7 w 47. Assemblies of protest or support0 `& I# f+ h4 _$ r' R7 @1 @' {
48. Protest meetings \( `8 I" c. D/ R
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" O* C" \ o9 Q' P
50. Teach-ins" b5 { ^" r: l& ?* X
$ y. M- Y2 l4 P& {
Withdrawal and Renunciation
6 ?5 A9 f9 }9 s5 I3 O! e 51. Walk-outs% p/ m, ^. c) h, K! S
52. Silence9 J( g, o7 l$ \: f* ~
53. Renouncing honors2 c, v& [$ q) c! F) v5 ^) d: T
54. Turning one’s back9 k& Q) e# E J9 B% R6 y( X2 p0 F
2 W$ b" }6 K, y3 o7 H
1 l6 `9 d5 ]/ L
# U% Z' @# ^. H' b. }# j+ ~" p6 WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ ?3 |- W, B- Q# q; Z
, [7 |1 ^( @ J1 I
9 y' W9 _: z# O
: l. F, M" S0 i4 iOstracism of Persons; M q& e+ M1 f/ A3 f( a
55. Social boycott3 j" ]2 o8 w: k# L! q2 G
56. Selective social boycott1 ^% L- G1 A/ z/ e& ]; X
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; X/ _, t, G7 {6 U 58. Excommunication# T1 W0 U1 h- x2 W1 J$ Z* w; o
59. Interdict* Q, m" G8 F8 N7 y2 w# `, d
7 K$ m( D. ^- X* }; E
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& X/ w& t* B o" l( W* y0 N8 R6 c* x
60. Suspension of social and sports activities! \3 H% d9 a' J) b8 C4 u
61. Boycott of social affairs$ z" d. c( R3 K" }* h
62. Student strike/ Q4 U5 g+ y* v- I( V
63. Social disobedience
/ K1 ? S; F& Y4 h+ J 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& y* h) x" r: Z) q5 i& j& P) j) ?8 [# o' n( b J4 U4 f5 K4 o
Withdrawal from the Social System4 n, x# L6 D0 ~
65. Stay-at-home/ t7 L/ \; u3 Z* |/ ]) B$ h8 O& ]
66. Total personal noncooperation
\* n$ s6 r8 k, m! Y 67. “Flight” of workers
y" p6 R5 [# o5 @- a 68. Sanctuary
0 r; @5 U6 P2 ]4 y 69. Collective disappearance
% A) ~& d6 z( b' G+ T" A+ W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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" A$ ~2 u/ ]# a) a& |7 p ) q* a) }5 V: S" M/ s; K, n6 H
4 S7 Z# t' o4 k+ w, k7 lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
) D9 s8 W! T. g3 m) X. l% i- C+ O: V# q6 H& l$ H
2 T6 }7 o9 `, c6 T" Y
Actions by Consumers. i. `% L4 t% X' T' o1 V
71. Consumers’ boycott
) R1 F4 d: {9 L0 v 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! O/ H1 u* o7 B3 Y% O: f 73. Policy of austerity9 e2 C, J- e7 o
74. Rent withholding
7 P) d; w/ C& @9 _" P% b% @5 o5 s 75. Refusal to rent; _$ a% P9 R0 y7 n
76. National consumers’ boycott1 d7 T: g# ~0 R( d0 w8 N/ O
77. International consumers’ boycott
|( R/ X% L5 ~$ f* G% ^4 j: w, ^
; _( s; A8 `) s# nAction by Workers and Producers4 e$ P; D( Y+ y, Q" L T7 V
78. Workmen’s boycott
4 z; D' [7 G2 x. u' m! E0 a8 s' p0 E 79. Producers’ boycott3 _- `) j: @0 ]3 X, S8 b; x1 m
( ]- z- a9 G$ J5 DAction by Middlemen. M5 j( [6 [+ o" I, m
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 d% R+ H! z3 g( p/ h3 X" t
# B) @+ o( j8 qAction by Owners and Management
% I6 |* v5 w+ s( { 81. Traders’ boycott5 k- ` W6 M# l0 V
82. Refusal to let or sell property3 `+ w8 G* K j: e. x9 |1 { e
83. Lockout# h# l5 v S$ u5 h& [; s
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* r& Y; P7 b! g7 u" `7 K7 j1 L 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# a. _4 M; m! [9 `% F) B& r' A
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
8 E# g' h/ i" F: k! f 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& a+ C& n3 P; R7 w
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ C2 K0 r( O! `/ @: q3 p 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. v& Z! m# L6 \2 N1 C- M
89. Severance of funds and credit
8 G* [( ^. v1 C8 B 90. Revenue refusal p! [! ~, H( i5 t% [# b
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! z8 G0 ?7 O" t& h9 c [' N9 h' N/ D( W, y6 A( A) M
Action by Governments
/ V5 C* x- U! f$ S; U* o9 _8 K 92. Domestic embargo! z- f, z1 q, T* M3 ]& k# T( }
93. Blacklisting of traders
/ M9 n+ @6 q3 s 94. International sellers’ embargo9 \9 ~- ~5 y4 f4 U) {! Z, O k% F- G
95. International buyers’ embargo
+ t l* T/ W2 J& o0 V' G$ o 96. International trade embargo D& Z* b* K- v! m C9 c
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* w( N) P3 o8 Q3 |6 Z2 c; V7 U! {( ^; i- P1 @/ l9 T7 L' W- ~1 r
; z, L+ y* W' z0 Z vSymbolic Strikes) j% {; @3 {7 {0 r& B7 d) s6 |, [7 O0 }
97. Protest strike
- S5 O4 s- n8 I; L" C& x, y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' c$ r, A+ Y- ?( t0 x" b+ @
% D+ C' x8 S; N5 O% h( Q. [Agricultural Strikes" R) {+ R6 \/ D \: G1 L- D
99. Peasant strike
# J+ {; P! S( e u2 U 100. Farm Workers’ strike+ q; m0 W J! \7 H, x
" d& }; w$ |1 W( f3 Y0 J( N$ `Strikes by Special Groups
/ x1 M& L& y$ I7 l& | 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 w; p: U& u3 Q
102. Prisoners’ strike! _7 k( B0 g; N% u
103. Craft strike
r6 G+ p$ u3 z% Q3 B. ] 104. Professional strike
; _6 x3 }& V9 W# {% @$ ]/ \% j) a T! a2 T% C `8 \. w8 q5 @- w
Ordinary Industrial Strikes* \8 U& J, j# k! G
105. Establishment strike
" G, `2 F& a0 `# I3 T. Z& c- q 106. Industry strike" p! {9 }+ M) `% @. {/ w& ]
107. Sympathetic strike
& ?6 @2 I, q: `# l3 d r; s: l! M* w( ^2 l O+ c& V, J8 b
Restricted Strikes
; j- k/ y7 p/ M! {& b 108. Detailed strike/ j7 m _& b, q8 r
109. Bumper strike
* H2 L. \3 k, l8 f 110. Slowdown strike" W* d: u9 [8 _
111. Working-to-rule strike
& U6 q+ {; v2 W# k" R e 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), W7 F; z* c8 Z8 u4 B
113. Strike by resignation
% q5 l# L1 N0 R& n9 y W$ K+ n+ {5 N 114. Limited strike
/ b4 S" }2 c9 }4 z7 ^ 115. Selective strike. F5 J3 J/ D0 H/ z
) k7 |0 ? ?0 _
Multi-Industry Strikes/ f S# |, ~( h2 W0 U4 O2 k
0 l' z4 b) o2 _0 b g+ K 116. Generalized strike
! n3 w# }; s4 H* p/ p
0 q$ O+ N5 I- a0 f: M 117. General strike) S7 b+ j6 |4 w+ W2 l& u
9 H. D0 q- q8 d( ]( u+ g7 B
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 |3 ~0 m. D6 f& M
! o: Q1 p% T: A 118. Hartal$ s8 D0 R5 {! `. ]- d: x- s7 V0 d
- B# o7 H- F; P 119. Economic shutdown0 U. f+ b" |5 g- P; f0 c
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6 U$ Z3 w6 c8 N* ?: ?* |$ @
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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X H7 _ R+ H 7 c! c9 l2 c' H0 Q& c
Rejection of Authority
/ D7 N+ \$ ~9 t6 {5 s6 l 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 c5 p& A0 r# }) `
121. Refusal of public support
: F+ w9 a3 s. L- g* n 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. H. v8 \. T+ B2 _5 M( E1 w) B/ V; q, Q0 g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 }: G$ K1 s3 ^
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: K. [- t4 |0 P0 M+ x4 f 124. Boycott of elections
* i0 j1 M0 C+ J; n2 ~& t& E 125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 X* q! G$ g2 W7 P6 g
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 h& s( [' Q& `4 J5 S3 r7 I 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# u Q+ m: i i 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 U8 g! I8 }! ^0 ~9 I; }
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 `* S: ]; a( C* N- {5 M
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! D7 L" s0 D/ }6 e$ l# w2 v+ ^) Y! ]# H 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 r- i! ]0 w+ C, {8 N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
; g5 n: o: d. N8 j8 }
1 `9 S, X+ c: u) [! t! aCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 S& h' {& h% w# Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 T7 A( q6 i9 r* G% g, h& u 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# t$ z! j6 F# \
135. Popular nonobedience4 @: Y2 s# H0 {) E8 |
136. Disguised disobedience9 l M, }& m+ u6 S+ u
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 x' F! U8 Q* Q8 d8 M t
138. Sitdown
! }: ~3 }6 w1 q c" S 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 J4 V0 ?: k! {) G/ Q4 F, Z; u2 E
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ y/ z3 x; |* C2 R7 T% N2 V) `
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: {5 Q0 T" e8 G/ ^- R
& U- W# E# [& _4 D( c0 qAction by Government Personnel) ^/ f+ W( D# o% j
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) g9 g+ }/ k5 o6 k* y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information" b" E: V; G; z
144. Stalling and obstruction& P) P9 h# W( F' p( R2 k9 }) M
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ \- y" G* M6 ^8 K
) e& T* o0 h8 {+ o1 X 146. Judicial noncooperation* J: ~$ e% w2 u# t! U
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 V+ I4 B' G) z; n9 Q+ s% d3 o 148. Mutiny# ^, g8 p( |. n/ R0 j+ c
Domestic Governmental Action* O3 i! K2 Q4 c' T
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ i( k* M2 o$ t: O
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- {( h1 x# V m6 T" G" g9 d* N- e3 _% {6 g
International Governmental Action
; j! a. ]9 v$ X6 G9 C2 [ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations J( V G& C- d) M1 |; L
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 N2 ?/ V* |: Q. `( T7 o
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' S# S. f8 j7 ~! `; i" e3 _ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. u! V& T; @7 `/ m- N# L3 i! t
155. Withdrawal from international organizations! a% K V+ M% ]: W% T! A
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; D' K b% J& @6 B0 C) F. w' s 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 T8 O# D: C0 ?* X3 a* S8 Y
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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1 ~" R C; v r6 t/ ePsychological Intervention& ~& M: \0 s7 S( Y4 u2 G$ s2 m
158. Self-exposure to the elements5 F+ S3 ^2 `- F$ z8 H
159. The fast) w% o s, g; N" q/ K
a) Fast of moral pressure' q! f4 `0 p& @$ G# z6 \. O f$ y
b) Hunger strike2 Z8 C- \; j* ]
c) Satyagrahic fast9 @) s+ t8 `. ], T
160. Reverse trial
) y+ D J+ w* b 161. Nonviolent harassment) n* Q- ?+ h+ B7 A4 R
; Q! p: f# e7 kPhysical Intervention
" j& G1 I' A1 {$ N7 q( u; ?( O; @6 O 162. Sit-in# b8 t+ o1 K ~9 j+ H5 `" P# ~
163. Stand-in
/ `4 q; i* ~5 Q5 Q 164. Ride-in; r2 I* E# p) K* W
165. Wade-in$ R+ \7 Z( r. N! u
166. Mill-in! i% o& B2 k2 B* U9 [; J
167. Pray-in- y. s, K4 y Q5 r5 d. l" K! r
168. Nonviolent raids
0 c* {/ o4 P% q9 M6 E 169. Nonviolent air raids
, e1 d1 n _" Z0 R! C 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ S. }' C) M( L, A2 }' B- _9 J 171. Nonviolent interjection; D; o4 s# ]1 P& F
172. Nonviolent obstruction! W8 g A S/ S
173. Nonviolent occupation: g2 ~$ l, |' h
2 w- ~2 Q3 m" l7 e0 x7 GSocial Intervention
' Y* m4 x$ t& C; X( o: y4 \ 174. Establishing new social patterns8 k' \6 X* e) w( u9 N6 ?
175. Overloading of facilities
% k8 L- `/ r3 ] G8 X9 o: L 176. Stall-in: o4 J- C; Z8 X6 a' g; ?9 f Z$ K
177. Speak-in
3 i2 i. x5 D9 T8 S 178. Guerrilla theater. `' W1 q, D) C
179. Alternative social institutions5 z+ O. |6 ?. q
180. Alternative communication system
9 D) U2 N3 I+ Y" C; W9 w0 S
' R$ ]7 ?/ T! O5 REconomic Intervention
V" T, Q* g. m5 D 181. Reverse strike4 s! l8 y2 j' Y0 t) N0 U+ X
182. Stay-in strike
8 F' i# X# n% K& L: g1 v4 T 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 r+ p \7 o4 e- _% w& O 184. Defiance of blockades& }; c4 \6 h- r& k& t% \
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 f* `- ^+ u9 @* B 186. Preclusive purchasing( J2 y. U. a2 B) H( O6 \
187. Seizure of assets
8 @/ W) [8 |$ d! I4 ^1 i7 ?3 r/ W% b 188. Dumping U* q; k2 z' c5 j9 O* Z0 d4 `3 r
189. Selective patronage: j% i- U% K, a" S
190. Alternative markets' J! Y L6 \* U' i- H6 x
191. Alternative transportation systems# d- l6 r% G5 i2 x
192. Alternative economic institutions
1 D( q Q9 _2 P9 ~, _, J+ d5 T" L# B: P: f7 q0 l
Political Intervention
( Y+ `. y( ?* j# X 193. Overloading of administrative systems
" U W9 l k' I$ l( p 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# S. ?, ^7 {& L& C' I8 J
195. Seeking imprisonment. c! B3 r! t2 l9 N% V' ?
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* y W6 M& W, X* R% _, k
197. Work-on without collaboration2 e4 _2 R6 p; r' q4 ]6 n: r7 v
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; I# d; j( v2 q, S( J" M) V8 g& L
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
