 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' ?1 }, J, r& |' `+ O, b
Formal Statements/ y0 u+ C* K# \% |; ^1 d8 ^
1. Public Speeches
1 F/ M" f7 Q2 o3 a _2 b& g8 i 2. Letters of opposition or support% I7 A3 `8 O, g5 U3 W- t
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; f- h; d8 Z8 J$ v6 \
4. Signed public statements
. v, p8 x7 J# h' M( W5 C- S! w7 X 5. Declarations of indictment and intention; @$ k& ^) n# d! v* a
6. Group or mass petitions
* j- D$ } q( Y% r- H3 t' J3 i2 c
Communications with a Wider Audience, P2 H- l8 F6 G" I0 p. @
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 a6 e) Z. W/ g- S' ?# b
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! M& X& D3 o) I$ z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, p% @' x% L; i5 v 10. Newspapers and journals
2 M$ {& I1 U6 Q8 K3 A+ u; F 11. Records, radio, and television2 `7 y; [# ]+ ^* {. Z, _9 l
12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 T7 O, [7 V2 Y6 c' n( K
6 N! U/ J6 j0 [- h
Group Representations
9 U, d# }4 o8 ^' j9 S; [ 13. Deputations
: M: {5 v0 |3 e1 U" @ 14. Mock awards1 ~3 c" u4 S# B3 q* X! t4 J# D
15. Group lobbying
) v7 f5 K3 D b7 u0 t! C 16. Picketing
; D( t6 g# f% d) M _ 17. Mock elections
+ X2 J l" s3 O3 M( m" l W
) K5 ]$ K' e, \3 n3 F; u$ I9 KSymbolic Public Acts4 r& k$ }' V% [* m# e+ `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 Q& Y/ `5 ^- p2 z" W+ P) C
19. Wearing of symbols) }* o" Q/ a: F
20. Prayer and worship: j# |8 z% m2 ^1 B7 }, E
21. Delivering symbolic objects% M4 V( w! F' q. [2 B& g9 m, r
22. Protest disrobings
* n3 B# {2 U- d, N 23. Destruction of own property: }- ]- a6 }' c4 ?1 c9 i
24. Symbolic lights) L$ s( A7 I T
25. Displays of portraits
. }& ]# V; ^1 l 26. Paint as protest( g( d- Z: J* f" a$ d1 w& w2 Y }
27. New signs and names
3 Q' n* S& O: p0 K 28. Symbolic sounds
8 O( |% Y- D2 V Y8 f$ w 29. Symbolic reclamations
# _5 r# G. E, j! @1 f: @ 30. Rude gestures
4 q; [0 j) w% K9 M z4 Z4 J1 j- q }4 m' x& ?
Pressures on Individuals
$ A- `6 T8 ~. y- U/ t 31. “Haunting” officials6 X! I0 m* q+ a* \
32. Taunting officials
" a$ D, x1 I q, @1 I 33. Fraternization1 Z$ Z: V# Y, i6 b+ C# O- t
34. Vigils/ w7 s# h2 _8 ^. C2 ?
! V3 s) O7 H& t) \( l
Drama and Music
# U( C3 C' G5 [/ w2 u0 w 35. Humorous skits and pranks' z) X. o- e4 y" ~% o) B; k* s( B; S
36. Performances of plays and music
1 o0 I' g' e- s. T2 Y, H 37. Singing8 K+ u# I! r" n# O) [
& O8 j% h3 m5 T
Processions& f8 I; T6 a/ H3 M. V3 ?
38. Marches
. a7 q; m6 B6 v7 I 39. Parades
: g3 R6 N# D( E& ~& C0 s* s: K 40. Religious processions
+ L) q4 ]1 q: s. |& | 41. Pilgrimages0 Q% i3 @( `, I+ b1 u
42. Motorcades4 L `3 w% a* h0 H0 T0 |
8 o$ i' ~8 k/ v9 u$ t
Honoring the Dead
; B# s" A. ^6 }% _ 43. Political mourning
8 G& A( T$ J3 j1 Y, X 44. Mock funerals
# f0 ~, N5 g0 H 45. Demonstrative funerals, q% N! v3 a2 `, c, @
46. Homage at burial places7 y" I6 ]; O* B' X# g5 t
+ s7 K& U3 X& N' U* jPublic Assemblies
/ `0 o! E# Z1 l% u. N! F" x: G 47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 F% s: a5 U0 { 48. Protest meetings- t$ L g- g6 S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 F; j5 ^) @7 y) o 50. Teach-ins
$ g& g3 F4 K& w" w: l# a% T$ N" \8 h; [
Withdrawal and Renunciation
& V0 T8 G$ O- |* t6 @ 51. Walk-outs
# ?" y! ]# a" \ w" P& h 52. Silence* [( f1 _/ k/ J. p; i0 v% v
53. Renouncing honors1 k5 j, w8 I- Y* q
54. Turning one’s back
4 u) D# V0 V- f' W1 U
9 b- L1 I0 V" W8 S
& k/ G+ B0 ^6 X
+ x3 B/ C2 v, ]: {+ jTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
# H- j3 r) ?0 S6 E9 ]
S# q2 p% O; _- B) B) a
9 k# Q6 k1 R' W9 q/ [$ _
* F/ P: r% C. |/ O3 I* qOstracism of Persons
, I$ {1 p& ~; a 55. Social boycott" h6 \" d" Y o
56. Selective social boycott3 n8 ?/ ]- U& K+ }! X0 x
57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 D7 T8 ~$ ?) H2 x) S: N 58. Excommunication
- r1 E# y7 |0 X9 x 59. Interdict
+ V" _1 \+ B6 N6 a2 P/ Z$ o6 W6 E
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" n* n5 Q( W: b/ O6 q' t3 r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 }/ h+ o( ^ t4 p& f: s
61. Boycott of social affairs
% i b# ~$ T8 { 62. Student strike' M; Y6 ^7 s* @( j- O% b$ O
63. Social disobedience
2 T3 `+ x9 }. f1 ]% O/ v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! e, F0 H3 Y: w
) t( l! c4 X- n9 G- oWithdrawal from the Social System* f- S0 j- s5 o( e
65. Stay-at-home4 a3 L* z+ ` V
66. Total personal noncooperation
. A1 o( Y. u" } 67. “Flight” of workers9 H8 S* [% ^) e7 J7 ?
68. Sanctuary. B, _0 q8 g0 _9 @" ^
69. Collective disappearance
9 C; Y5 O) x0 Z0 d 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
! ]+ y9 M2 ]% g- f+ z/ F) j" @
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5 M1 o5 `9 u* |% p3 S+ G* X" }
: }6 r7 r) M, DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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' _4 z3 d7 ~, E/ |8 n l+ ]& a' l" n/ ~- C- u
Actions by Consumers
) n1 O, Q; R2 g- _& p \! `' [8 a 71. Consumers’ boycott
1 f; K& u4 l- g* f5 a& r: R 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 L5 a" s9 Q7 G6 a( f) X 73. Policy of austerity' ~' g8 _* }9 |; {
74. Rent withholding
v! z; D, G2 a3 N 75. Refusal to rent* H1 p: h6 v U
76. National consumers’ boycott
0 L) m% K9 y( H$ p 77. International consumers’ boycott
0 ^; o- a7 _+ J
# O2 f/ _& C- R1 k1 DAction by Workers and Producers
9 z+ S1 ~; b) @5 A2 H 78. Workmen’s boycott
& Z% p4 ]* F! O9 ~9 s4 } 79. Producers’ boycott; \6 D0 e- J$ E$ M$ R% M, g8 b
+ l2 ]9 x( s6 U( L3 P; i% FAction by Middlemen# U2 ^, x& z! Y' H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 p6 a3 U& O; R; A0 x3 g2 V/ e3 v
4 o% X7 ^* m3 u. e m
Action by Owners and Management
# F! k9 z, b5 _# \; d6 ` 81. Traders’ boycott
# S1 r% }9 |- O3 F9 o 82. Refusal to let or sell property- \* }1 y( n9 G
83. Lockout
/ S/ z' X1 ?$ ]' H y Q8 K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 u! K. L6 P) Q: }! U+ v6 K. h
85. Merchants’ “general strike”8 b( b5 f7 ~$ v' h, I5 `
1 C+ |* B* U( ^# [% NAction by Holders of Financial Resources
B8 e3 V$ J5 Y' }* r, z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! e3 r- b8 m2 c8 s1 m J 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& r! Q' P, w; Y, e% y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- z0 x: Q" g& }' D* I3 p 89. Severance of funds and credit. U: X6 c2 B$ v, t# x0 I) v2 q# G4 ?
90. Revenue refusal" r) R8 e6 x; ~9 u" F, A9 o2 G
91. Refusal of a government’s money+ J0 `; j+ C7 t: q# h7 z4 ^0 B3 X
+ r7 j. P! F& S
Action by Governments
8 _% j& }1 y5 j6 e: y 92. Domestic embargo
- z3 d: c% d; \5 g$ N* y 93. Blacklisting of traders
5 R; G5 z2 T1 p3 w# { 94. International sellers’ embargo
! {. V8 C, f0 R. O% B 95. International buyers’ embargo+ X3 C6 _0 O \
96. International trade embargo! p+ a! D. S% C- ~) |9 b( Q* I6 t
6 V* R1 b8 G+ K, n" C5 P- J% ]# c2 K 8 z K( C7 ` ^) e4 V
3 n& f; X2 {( g% O+ Z, Y1 ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
4 o" n1 J$ h& |( O6 S4 u" s5 a4 A" l0 ^8 Z% q
' b: T' V9 ` e8 C) g% BSymbolic Strikes) [7 x* B/ d0 \; v1 m" w( [4 o, ]' j
97. Protest strike: K2 z; O% H! r
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( L$ m0 L, O$ A+ r) B: {2 ?
3 z8 V' y- B/ K$ {
Agricultural Strikes
5 V2 H3 f0 c6 Q$ m5 Y# E& K3 I. s 99. Peasant strike
7 P- q# D' |/ m% n# L0 }0 X 100. Farm Workers’ strike6 v1 @3 q3 u/ ~7 m0 x
, t1 l5 x+ v3 u( |# E7 v( ]; O) lStrikes by Special Groups* _* n5 y f& B! p
101. Refusal of impressed labor* H5 F0 |2 u$ X9 _3 a+ G' \
102. Prisoners’ strike' S# Q. U3 P( U: G% g
103. Craft strike
4 t* Q9 ^6 W% O( O) ] 104. Professional strike& E# Y9 n4 G* J
6 ^$ p/ h( A; I( w. O6 E
Ordinary Industrial Strikes! x0 _4 q0 H0 r+ f" U
105. Establishment strike
: c, @5 [; T6 S3 i+ J7 m9 B 106. Industry strike
5 Y2 g) `! f! Q$ Z7 X) e' S( n# C; m 107. Sympathetic strike
* h% B. N- J7 g/ | v$ c+ J6 m' m+ k1 [. W2 k
Restricted Strikes
6 q; B! N2 ^! v* b7 Z7 o) _: q5 C 108. Detailed strike1 p( c* u5 ~; Y P& t& r* M1 e
109. Bumper strike
6 {) n4 K5 w) f' }, X 110. Slowdown strike
, T" U6 B' c7 ~2 M% A) V 111. Working-to-rule strike
! f; E s( n+ C, L& Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 [! h, H* z0 }* x 113. Strike by resignation/ H) z: { ?# Q" |) Z$ B
114. Limited strike4 V |) ~2 N; x$ ^! d+ o6 p
115. Selective strike2 U: C7 g& e' t s3 n5 D5 ^
4 V) G" N5 y3 ^( o8 JMulti-Industry Strikes: F; ~* B& A- k$ F1 b2 D
8 Q: C) h$ ^- Y0 ]+ N
116. Generalized strike1 {: w ?0 x; T8 ?: ~3 X% s1 w6 b
! W, P3 D V# R" Q
117. General strike2 l7 ~7 W$ t$ L/ T/ n! H8 [
7 Y9 @. ~5 Y8 L$ F4 V$ h. PCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, }9 o; L; I4 r @
3 T: U7 f. W A% d 118. Hartal
, K1 T: y% A! a; W* E7 o; }5 t, K. H' p& P
119. Economic shutdown0 V+ ^/ y6 u6 u/ p3 g& M, G3 }* N
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3 I+ L: w1 {1 W4 ~, f" ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 F/ x% F- q" q1 `' Q9 D+ U/ v
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& @9 x/ }' S, Q, O3 E
Rejection of Authority* }% i. [/ z, `$ ?
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 J @; d& e+ d9 z6 w. B+ \" K
121. Refusal of public support
5 b' n7 V; A' v1 C 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# E+ v3 j9 [- A u3 o+ J
/ D! y B: b* M" ^6 z$ f$ v. n
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ X4 |8 [& K: {3 M 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ J3 i% K, N% y, q" R 124. Boycott of elections
- C% t* K* B* C4 | 125. Boycott of government employment and positions7 N- e+ M0 u" a& c
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ S( L8 F. {7 P& z0 ]$ |+ M) x3 E* s
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ Z" `7 B( G; B. L- o 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 P! ?4 J1 f6 f1 e I8 D- _
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( ?0 a( f1 l1 |5 a0 S 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( h2 ~" o8 E# O- M7 B( ?! t7 f 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% d' t- I- [; k% Q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- v. N& t7 a/ o3 L( E! [6 |5 Y5 d5 n9 Q9 |3 h. G
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 O4 D$ P( z! s
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' h Z1 u: x1 K4 x$ j/ ~9 g3 h 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- ]0 C7 \* P3 J, u% ~8 w 135. Popular nonobedience. O1 O4 L: _, `9 O6 G& C
136. Disguised disobedience
0 U1 u; H& V# G" n& i; U: N 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
G5 ^4 q: G7 b' f. I( U( E, i 138. Sitdown; E# K7 x0 D$ }- h" o% I
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; r+ N) W" w& W1 A8 ~5 A
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 O: w" U9 G, Z/ N9 l
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 C; f8 Y/ d# x M; |+ N3 W
+ M2 ~$ n! \9 A/ H' w8 xAction by Government Personnel, z Z" P2 j% T
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 s$ a; @. H3 b8 |! j) |1 {! V$ x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 I" U2 w6 L+ ?" X- b2 {
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 _' `, E+ C! L( r8 t 145. General administrative noncooperation+ U9 q+ h" j" `* K* S
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146. Judicial noncooperation
' { u, G+ w: I/ H1 M+ ]4 c 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. f4 a4 x5 t& f: e8 _" O7 O' V0 m# f: W! V 148. Mutiny
2 l+ u5 R, H8 ~% y7 mDomestic Governmental Action
/ G( Y; Z0 I/ L+ M, x: p% _ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ _! o/ D- W3 d9 ]7 m 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 Q* g! Q6 F/ k+ k4 O# a2 i+ n% Z5 X" f# r+ W- Y9 F; q' `
International Governmental Action% E, T; F) s) E. ^# s
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% G( w9 e+ Y7 E$ j$ P- `8 V 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) \ Q9 n3 K8 p6 e) c
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 w) R: P: z- L, ]* c# p
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 m+ X s _4 A 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
; H8 V1 s% z: |! ^$ y; J 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ `' k; n5 R4 |- N& f
157. Expulsion from international organizations
5 I0 s4 f' z" k6 A
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* |% v$ K Q; W% {1 z/ U, [ m8 vTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 A2 V2 D# M i! y
& ~* w" P2 q0 F) a4 Q / Q- b0 p$ Y$ q$ R4 g+ H
Psychological Intervention
u6 A, ~' G2 T5 W. V3 d1 I- g1 K" ^# i 158. Self-exposure to the elements T5 s7 }% f" H/ I
159. The fast/ P4 T! c+ W1 S
a) Fast of moral pressure
; F8 E J8 q, Z; J) ~* T8 } b) Hunger strike
. I2 E" d1 L- |2 [ c) Satyagrahic fast( R: M" a8 B8 s4 p G
160. Reverse trial# K) G! B8 h8 |# ^' ?* D
161. Nonviolent harassment) c* t J: x9 N N4 O
2 D7 I' w) X2 l5 }
Physical Intervention9 D4 |8 E3 B$ Y% H8 V
162. Sit-in" {- X- G+ v- c+ w% c G) K
163. Stand-in+ f0 X* _+ r2 S& N0 n9 q
164. Ride-in
$ Q. q5 |! }* d4 j 165. Wade-in6 q3 {0 b6 \" w1 M
166. Mill-in
# b: C9 r4 W* \! }; `, K 167. Pray-in7 c' k% ^/ U8 n6 f1 `5 l$ r8 N' z
168. Nonviolent raids& |& S" u c, l0 J# h0 j
169. Nonviolent air raids
& G5 M0 O/ r \ 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 f8 |* y7 I6 T9 L6 ]9 s 171. Nonviolent interjection; |- J3 {# L) L/ X5 u
172. Nonviolent obstruction l9 l: z" }3 ~: q; i
173. Nonviolent occupation
8 n2 {- t/ ` V6 }. A: `# Y# T& h/ [3 f8 d2 J# Z% y
Social Intervention
: r: D( q* x8 W: v4 k 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 k- g9 q) B8 K 175. Overloading of facilities
- G. T5 t$ P, j 176. Stall-in
' h% @# j' U% _% l8 Q* W 177. Speak-in' F# s0 h+ k% V( f. S
178. Guerrilla theater
; k) b: S7 @5 D I5 W( d$ O1 w i 179. Alternative social institutions
2 Y, A3 S8 b2 a* n8 y/ ^) H 180. Alternative communication system# e0 D& d% T3 j
; G, a( }8 _8 F2 N1 V a7 c/ S! O/ _Economic Intervention9 P2 C8 H9 O% u X3 R" c( B
181. Reverse strike5 ~" f0 y6 H; ]; E
182. Stay-in strike. ~) W" E/ s* {! y5 ]& ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure; ]% E ^" \1 Y# J
184. Defiance of blockades8 ~8 h: Z4 M) W- F5 m& s8 k
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 z9 Z$ B, r3 L0 Y 186. Preclusive purchasing' w2 g5 z2 @7 K- }0 p$ p
187. Seizure of assets! j0 `0 ~7 p4 ? V5 V2 H
188. Dumping+ f: l) G$ D& Y' m
189. Selective patronage
$ R: V0 L# x! W- ]/ t) y3 r) l) j, E% e 190. Alternative markets% O5 n }9 O+ I! p. F) ~7 f
191. Alternative transportation systems
- h) p/ H* C1 ~" ~5 F 192. Alternative economic institutions y& `2 ~4 m/ I, y, }
/ x$ W7 ~# v2 j. ~0 |% }2 _& PPolitical Intervention
" a( b* W" F6 {( R5 F; @$ _! G 193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 C+ O- R* j' W- j, o 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 ]. e% q9 X) u$ U: Q4 _" \
195. Seeking imprisonment
" T3 D0 Q! I7 Q2 S, i 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& t; f5 i/ E4 s! |: V$ N 197. Work-on without collaboration
! c! h* a: e" B$ ^) S# f; _ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* g$ Y/ }/ @; a+ e2 i
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
