 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ p$ g8 _! v( b8 w" {5 s; I: ?; M! }Formal Statements# y9 @; P8 `& J, G
1. Public Speeches
+ _, j4 Z# O! ^) f/ ~ 2. Letters of opposition or support
4 J* g9 m! V3 ^ G4 W; M c& p) D 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: J: Q9 a1 a5 T! ?* e! f
4. Signed public statements6 i) q, W9 ~6 v% e% ~5 N5 l* z4 d, e
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
Q4 g. A8 F$ X1 r7 W 6. Group or mass petitions; g( J$ T% _% P! Q0 z. z* u
- G, z6 } {) J# e0 X" V! vCommunications with a Wider Audience
% @/ W/ q6 C2 h) N0 q r- h 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) A; {: h& G# t; |* l% e. W
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, \. s# D6 J0 x4 @( h" { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 K+ Y9 n* B( ?
10. Newspapers and journals7 M3 u' U% e, g* Z4 {, v$ U ]
11. Records, radio, and television$ d% |. e9 s5 T: ] S+ K2 |
12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 U4 E0 T1 [6 I ]2 ~# w! e7 i9 f# J+ I
[1 O: O) y. LGroup Representations" n' u- b; r$ E- T- B
13. Deputations- l! W8 ^( `4 \0 c3 h
14. Mock awards) t4 _; Y( q& B! ~' S/ Y
15. Group lobbying
2 R" D% o7 _$ Y6 } 16. Picketing9 A! [) `) o( S( Q
17. Mock elections
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Symbolic Public Acts
: S5 C$ s# i2 M6 {8 U6 i; q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) S2 D1 z6 J8 G* P3 k0 _0 K
19. Wearing of symbols9 B. p$ n2 Y5 ]; F! [; E+ K! g
20. Prayer and worship4 M8 M2 W/ O5 U3 N6 J
21. Delivering symbolic objects3 }6 T0 ~$ N( u7 o4 }
22. Protest disrobings
# D. X+ M2 ?% o9 a; J" E1 O 23. Destruction of own property
4 s6 h- n8 E6 o" E% ^ 24. Symbolic lights* e( I9 f+ |) f; P4 R8 U$ Q
25. Displays of portraits* A3 f+ L U$ v
26. Paint as protest
/ Y% v2 q, K; Y( J3 v. u: C 27. New signs and names0 a+ d, `1 g2 w# P2 W
28. Symbolic sounds$ R, Z1 C/ E+ r5 K( F
29. Symbolic reclamations4 i9 q2 w! l" H0 ]- B/ E
30. Rude gestures7 W Y! _' n1 H& u% y6 Z+ {
- J0 Z; S N; TPressures on Individuals
5 B4 ~- i1 e. w1 n6 s! b/ H* J# k 31. “Haunting” officials
5 J% |, T, f9 ^) U6 S+ ]( ~ 32. Taunting officials
4 z% n# w' @8 n! R 33. Fraternization
' g6 U! ^( ]4 H3 p8 ]/ ]( E9 K 34. Vigils( v+ d/ [3 p* g o
; e) G( ~0 l( I9 F' |& M. W1 XDrama and Music
l- G9 b' \ X# n7 z 35. Humorous skits and pranks9 _6 J+ K, i9 R# P- ~2 w
36. Performances of plays and music1 \3 B* K; ]+ j' l0 j4 x( I
37. Singing* Z; I' p; x# {7 w
9 G6 f K2 {! s" L/ T) v3 KProcessions
# w7 V2 {: B" w/ y 38. Marches, T! B7 z1 h! V7 k t, U, H$ h
39. Parades
+ g0 E* R* y2 T5 P 40. Religious processions
9 A% @ K3 K; z- _# B! V( u% o 41. Pilgrimages
" b: M0 n0 `5 ^) d0 g 42. Motorcades; a) |, U6 ^/ U8 p7 `# G* E8 h
: T0 K0 }$ U! C, ^6 Q- jHonoring the Dead
/ ^8 _2 d/ L6 _; ^9 \ 43. Political mourning
% W% \* n9 {7 }0 i2 o 44. Mock funerals5 k! }7 a6 a) t" {6 w+ b4 k7 b
45. Demonstrative funerals8 W y' Z2 f+ }7 x
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
; u/ j/ v( S/ J: Q 47. Assemblies of protest or support: c0 Z; L% K8 I6 |" G
48. Protest meetings8 H$ @+ E* m, T# d9 v: E0 X* E
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- l2 a3 k6 d1 H/ N8 H. u# b0 P y$ V 50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
# a* }1 W0 j' u9 a. ~- X 51. Walk-outs3 j0 h: \7 Q9 X C; {6 p3 W
52. Silence% C' S6 S! m& P2 b7 x6 h
53. Renouncing honors& ?8 T- }3 c9 g0 d. d
54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' b+ `3 H' L( y
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7 C1 q# w2 y1 \# z. B. m- JOstracism of Persons
# {/ ?* \7 e& j4 \9 O% Y- W 55. Social boycott
+ L- u v: B8 G4 N- S D( D 56. Selective social boycott2 p: f0 Q! f5 V$ O, f! g
57. Lysistratic nonaction5 x i0 p8 k% p
58. Excommunication
8 R/ p4 q( G$ Q5 w 59. Interdict/ R0 n% u" X- h: F( u2 K" ~
; e) X! G$ K. }" }/ `/ S7 G9 i5 UNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: f# E' ^* E& }+ O' R9 |" e9 \ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ E N. J4 D$ [3 h2 i6 H- N- l5 A
61. Boycott of social affairs" P: g( M8 d9 l
62. Student strike
8 K1 v1 G J1 N) t2 S) m: B- _! J. r 63. Social disobedience
( ?5 n: L8 \( U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System
# \. y; M( J( X- G 65. Stay-at-home: s: W; w! t, ^* W- M( m
66. Total personal noncooperation
: l# Z9 J" O9 M6 R( X( _9 } 67. “Flight” of workers
; _( q; [: _/ s1 S 68. Sanctuary+ o: s5 @/ r7 J' R. Z. L
69. Collective disappearance
4 O1 A0 E% K/ p- s* Z: | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 {( _ S2 Z+ w/ M3 H6 l
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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; \, t4 w) |* W1 sActions by Consumers
1 x! s: c9 E5 a' \ 71. Consumers’ boycott' L5 T! I: i3 p9 {0 Q- x/ _! S! K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 ]) Z& b% {; h; h* x+ z% B 73. Policy of austerity
5 o9 P y/ x) ~/ }$ @8 P# ?' E3 s 74. Rent withholding1 j# _) U( |4 A& d, R* j2 J
75. Refusal to rent
5 f6 ?, n1 X7 Y# w# S6 l 76. National consumers’ boycott
9 J$ @- H0 X$ Q. k0 A. G 77. International consumers’ boycott3 u C' D3 |6 J2 ~ [1 T
4 S. j. Y1 \9 \8 z4 v( A5 h! n& V$ hAction by Workers and Producers
* F T# U R) ~/ T" [ 78. Workmen’s boycott
1 d1 Q1 A# p- @1 i6 N9 y0 ^ 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen
6 U& u9 G% A+ h' e- c5 ~* F M 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ u- m* ` M4 |
9 h8 B& S9 {/ i0 E
Action by Owners and Management" l5 I: B1 q' b
81. Traders’ boycott
# { J7 w$ T; p$ I+ X 82. Refusal to let or sell property" b P G& ?+ x( g$ k i
83. Lockout; `" } {) S! y! u6 y' W- c
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 Z% K( |2 b' p) S( Q* x& A0 K4 [6 l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources' b, p, r6 J) _ F! J
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& ?4 g" q* s+ K% P" F
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; n [% Q5 |; D7 O
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
A- v8 U V% H7 g0 u# z* a8 m 89. Severance of funds and credit
Y( H( C( F2 y0 W 90. Revenue refusal
# D" U9 f( p9 V* p, u0 X1 M 91. Refusal of a government’s money" P# X [2 j" f+ T8 G& ^" v7 s
! R0 Z* u) U% e3 LAction by Governments
[5 Z9 K3 T6 u3 b2 z1 d/ k& E 92. Domestic embargo" s: b) }+ z2 x1 d. F
93. Blacklisting of traders5 s6 f9 \- }6 f
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 Z2 h* G. _* f4 c 95. International buyers’ embargo# @* H+ s/ w3 O" c6 i) T
96. International trade embargo3 \; G3 Z$ {2 Q6 n; D& ?
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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2 U% j9 Z& R3 Q* r5 hSymbolic Strikes! g4 v" H6 `4 N6 ^, I$ Y" ^
97. Protest strike5 u6 e. p2 t7 F" A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' A3 @1 X" ?% m' g5 R7 x
2 X! A; p' Q' f2 j! W& LAgricultural Strikes% a6 d7 m/ H, {" \
99. Peasant strike6 ]' Q$ D8 R( \* Y
100. Farm Workers’ strike6 C/ {+ v+ C4 [7 G; m9 u
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Strikes by Special Groups
* v5 U/ s. @. s) U4 B' _3 d 101. Refusal of impressed labor
, c/ ^9 ?& Y9 i# Q 102. Prisoners’ strike8 G# a0 f3 ^$ z$ {& n# ], {3 T
103. Craft strike$ @: p; E+ f' Y( c: e; ?
104. Professional strike! f. c+ `8 _4 Y; J
6 ]. ^9 |: M' m4 COrdinary Industrial Strikes
3 ~* X. e. H- ~ `, z0 ] 105. Establishment strike; q* z+ I. w" Y3 C! G7 m1 k) e
106. Industry strike+ N* d' e) L. ~& t' |' y$ O; M" p# L
107. Sympathetic strike0 x5 U! k d( L) F/ s8 J5 X
9 g0 H$ G6 J: ]
Restricted Strikes% l$ s3 c, P4 f1 ]9 U4 a( t
108. Detailed strike
- l4 D7 V& H6 b" s* I$ [( D 109. Bumper strike
2 n1 C) N! G5 \* T7 B9 L: f* | 110. Slowdown strike
5 H* F! v% ^+ J( K& w1 i 111. Working-to-rule strike
) e# K3 L( `& O/ T) ~1 s 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# X- d( r% N0 h3 `: h5 _0 n* u
113. Strike by resignation2 I2 U, S |- R* Y2 F
114. Limited strike; ~. B$ ]1 U& ?# U
115. Selective strike
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X& W7 T8 O8 y, Z+ \0 n+ ZMulti-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
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/ ~1 s2 N" `, [" H- A 117. General strike2 U, H% @' i2 |( d3 J( O
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown0 P2 G8 A7 H5 y9 h
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* C4 q8 P' y1 _" e4 JTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
, `6 t3 i5 ^' N* c0 Q/ |5 L* ] 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
X ^7 U# f a7 q, W! {3 _! V- B 121. Refusal of public support |8 N4 ~3 y; J# [9 k2 d
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 c0 y! X" H. ], O1 F; M, w
2 B: K) W0 G' q8 G6 QCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& g+ Q; c- ^/ q7 g3 u ?0 m8 ~ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 _ Z2 d( j" ]4 X9 m% q 124. Boycott of elections- z7 M% ?+ s8 N2 b
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# ]: O0 w) C2 V# f, z C
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& Q7 j/ H+ L8 B6 r9 e+ a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' f5 y3 t+ r- _2 ^ B: M2 A% B 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" l- w4 \) w2 X$ ~; | 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- K5 W! p% x" \" b 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" A0 `* j9 f# S4 B& |; n' a$ U 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 u' Z( t: T$ q! q4 S 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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1 C1 S& Y: W/ Q' LCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 ^( r! J0 S6 n' V; S7 X* v 133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ }4 E% @ L' S7 K# C- X3 ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 u& b2 C0 I0 J" W7 z
135. Popular nonobedience; R$ w+ [5 a: G
136. Disguised disobedience
/ [1 n2 L4 v- _' S9 j 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# r, k6 H7 Y9 z! [5 } 138. Sitdown
9 g# K! Q, H" E4 Y' v) ` 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 _3 g Z+ s( J) B8 \ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( c; \- a5 R1 J p# l& u; j 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel& R7 m8 g( Z p5 H2 i& \5 X9 x
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 r! `, T z& n+ o
143. Blocking of lines of command and information* {- C+ P3 L2 T5 X$ m" Z) i4 y3 {$ V
144. Stalling and obstruction, w% z O2 B1 Y
145. General administrative noncooperation, n. U+ q D3 y: d0 u8 T
0 _$ g7 D6 H! k5 E 146. Judicial noncooperation$ u! ~5 n; a+ F7 v% [% g
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! x* L1 E5 x$ x' p8 ?" } 148. Mutiny1 R, `% ]" K6 M. a, c: q+ r
Domestic Governmental Action
' s$ F& X! o$ R 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! ?4 U' S/ w) q6 @0 m# a ?/ Q 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action6 k7 K W: f3 [7 `2 T, O
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( L$ X6 g) T; @0 }' \! k) |8 p 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 q3 l& [5 w$ `
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ U8 @2 S: Q7 w. C* w1 e& a; l
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- h* W( B [9 F8 W$ @7 k; Y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) |: j5 w0 k S 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; u. k q3 V3 ^& c+ s$ U1 o4 O
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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. K# y5 x, X: A3 |6 fPsychological Intervention
: k# l1 x! u2 E8 O& ` 158. Self-exposure to the elements
& z, D$ ^8 J: F" {% x" x- D 159. The fast- }! }: D) L8 i, f5 R& |
a) Fast of moral pressure) X- e+ v3 K" s
b) Hunger strike5 G2 G$ i9 T) q3 \8 J
c) Satyagrahic fast* U1 U+ ?) O. |% t: @5 {
160. Reverse trial# V8 |; ~1 d# x) L$ s8 O
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention \ v1 @* ~8 @) f2 S
162. Sit-in6 ]5 y2 p* P) e8 j) T
163. Stand-in
% J: Z: _+ a+ @ 164. Ride-in
0 B' c, f" x) W- Z3 z# \7 E 165. Wade-in' x2 A- S3 O g8 T/ @% W
166. Mill-in
' s3 Q. r1 {& A; V. y1 ?; R+ q 167. Pray-in% [9 c0 D3 E- w2 j* y
168. Nonviolent raids6 t# R X% J1 V% V
169. Nonviolent air raids
1 D' y* N& p1 t8 K- z6 h$ g 170. Nonviolent invasion
7 v8 c$ L, `% q( W6 ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection
( H! i, r) v) b) b3 x% O 172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 J& a/ B3 p7 u- T5 P3 P" I 173. Nonviolent occupation2 b4 T2 ?2 U8 Q0 P
8 r( x& E4 C ?0 Q+ gSocial Intervention
! U+ j# n4 F4 _1 ^ 174. Establishing new social patterns o; Z, y: U+ Y- c
175. Overloading of facilities* F6 G& H! k# y3 q$ \, Q
176. Stall-in
0 O* ]% F5 {! G9 X( E& G 177. Speak-in9 S$ ?- S) A. `
178. Guerrilla theater/ E( _# ?+ S& B' h, `3 V# ^* G
179. Alternative social institutions: s. Q5 a# _% h; x4 V G
180. Alternative communication system) ~: i# B t! W4 [! s
- a4 e2 s2 w% {; `4 ?Economic Intervention1 P+ x, F6 q# @
181. Reverse strike
2 y8 x6 l% h- [ 182. Stay-in strike1 h1 V/ T7 m! D8 N( m
183. Nonviolent land seizure+ ~6 n8 c# {8 }8 `: @9 W
184. Defiance of blockades6 u: I* Q4 o j/ [
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 N2 j' G9 a) [; D0 [) @5 E" k" o, s% ]9 q 186. Preclusive purchasing* l( {8 p) R5 r. {
187. Seizure of assets( ~ _; W) H& x# d+ [
188. Dumping1 o m9 Q6 T0 L$ J& u! b. m
189. Selective patronage: ]% I- s) v0 E0 h l
190. Alternative markets
! n4 y" _, K3 w6 N( ~# b2 `4 v/ r, R 191. Alternative transportation systems
' _7 C; l; T h# h: ?; D 192. Alternative economic institutions. X. t* {! f3 G2 E! o
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Political Intervention+ C( U2 C- Y1 D# T: f3 q
193. Overloading of administrative systems( J% ~& Y# F! Z, A# b
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 v8 s6 \- C7 j9 y/ G. y
195. Seeking imprisonment3 B" Y4 R% N t$ w0 A3 e. H0 F% ~: W
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 ^4 I" L! h) D 197. Work-on without collaboration' [! U9 `5 ?) |3 X
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
