 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: e! s/ x; H2 A! y0 r% w1 Y( I1 KFormal Statements
* h8 i4 a6 m4 J l S. | 1. Public Speeches
6 V1 T- J* A u# k 2. Letters of opposition or support0 I9 u& N# Z- B. b# X @- Z6 S1 l% ]
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* [' G5 \- m; ^. |
4. Signed public statements
7 r* I9 G7 s7 I# b; J# f2 _% K0 K 5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 t; M3 `) v# @7 e
6. Group or mass petitions
' ?+ e! G/ h- R$ S9 f: P
" {! r' E) Z' R' I8 ~# u9 U$ O" \Communications with a Wider Audience
& {1 v6 W: A, f4 E: r1 l2 B, U 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 \0 B7 L- E* u, F% \, ^5 ` 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 `' T% C" N; ]
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ B8 b1 m/ D, u, C2 u/ z; b 10. Newspapers and journals/ X8 U L @$ k( _# W7 v
11. Records, radio, and television2 q+ @% V& l/ y2 @
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 d# c* m; F" [, N" f+ Y
8 H/ g" x( P) ~) X* ^6 o, r. SGroup Representations3 y0 M* O7 h# j& q
13. Deputations5 U- m7 B1 B& \4 ]- P6 G& z! L
14. Mock awards6 f; s2 z6 l" }, p% T
15. Group lobbying2 u+ L6 O+ L) Q+ K, G8 i
16. Picketing
% g8 F. p' R: a# ~6 V! }7 l 17. Mock elections W9 X) K( u: b+ ?4 p3 x* ~! Q( ?- l
; _& S& \; t5 f4 T' w) W
Symbolic Public Acts$ U6 i3 K: d) m( o" o( \
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# m4 `$ L L# e9 {9 D! c 19. Wearing of symbols' y! \& z5 m+ f
20. Prayer and worship" ]+ l. |! S0 b5 S5 @& \$ x r( W
21. Delivering symbolic objects9 c7 S# U3 h: |: H$ R
22. Protest disrobings" l* ]. b4 y: H+ E/ D! t- H6 B
23. Destruction of own property
: |0 N5 |: t$ t/ n 24. Symbolic lights4 p. d' G. H4 O# d( ~2 z i
25. Displays of portraits
5 y Y( c5 J/ A* D 26. Paint as protest, x0 G4 R5 `* u. k3 R' ?8 G9 t8 r
27. New signs and names, X* Y! R! x$ l8 y
28. Symbolic sounds- t4 I( y1 M& G3 c( l$ `/ _9 S* U
29. Symbolic reclamations. R) w: ?. } B. I7 ^
30. Rude gestures: K- b- U; L- E& H1 j% N6 F8 T* l
% H2 L) O% n* A# V1 j6 p. U
Pressures on Individuals
3 _0 c' U' H/ ?6 j9 s 31. “Haunting” officials
0 t# W/ ]! z2 j) g 32. Taunting officials/ `2 j6 V) m8 H8 z5 U
33. Fraternization
8 N! m9 a& i. t/ F1 S& c8 C 34. Vigils2 ]9 z% I( R: {* v$ Q$ J2 u, T. u6 Q
3 U8 D1 H G% k4 V, N2 o2 O6 t% Z( k
Drama and Music
P: W0 l3 M0 f! i 35. Humorous skits and pranks" J2 W. G( z, t% {8 d9 M5 }- [
36. Performances of plays and music* ?% J! e5 t+ b6 w2 B. p; o
37. Singing" b# E& D. h/ i% F" y4 J4 h
- Y) e( Z9 g, s8 qProcessions
3 ^$ t4 o: D s4 E+ k) W 38. Marches- N" m) L8 t% ^+ o" |9 ~$ ]
39. Parades
/ ~+ V" w; M) x 40. Religious processions
6 V- O. O: H6 A8 P1 P* _/ f 41. Pilgrimages
5 S" S# K6 |% J1 J 42. Motorcades
; n% O! x* _; H/ R
' U* W0 }0 i! z* KHonoring the Dead' B) H- X5 K6 G# o- B0 H
43. Political mourning1 Z& a$ W/ B. m6 s4 Q
44. Mock funerals/ D. M3 [) G& `, Y G# B R, G
45. Demonstrative funerals R" o# J& J" b
46. Homage at burial places
* ^8 n0 K" t b% B: F
% p/ y4 S- r, }Public Assemblies
7 r2 b! b# y; ?3 w, T: P 47. Assemblies of protest or support/ _6 |$ l. N9 B8 G% g1 T7 R
48. Protest meetings$ E) b8 m9 A- {% ]
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 D0 L; d) U8 J0 O/ j* O3 I; F @
50. Teach-ins
9 i% I) q8 [0 Y1 K+ d. L `7 g/ e
+ o0 g7 Q3 B, |( W" Y5 JWithdrawal and Renunciation
9 u* k. i; l0 T) q3 t/ L" M0 k 51. Walk-outs
7 O/ a/ M5 t8 c/ r 52. Silence" L5 t- d& F/ Z# P4 e4 F5 I
53. Renouncing honors
: G, X( _9 y) D, l/ ?+ a 54. Turning one’s back
. t1 I# _8 ~' j8 j1 p+ m2 V8 B: n
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$ @- p6 L3 N9 K$ M4 C2 jTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 r O8 m9 K3 q$ G, x% x
+ Z3 I m! a8 a! t& \
% }( G) `3 l3 r/ g% i& ?! M& _$ x y
Ostracism of Persons
7 Q. f7 g- A( B" O/ G2 N7 a5 ` 55. Social boycott. M1 n; u* {" n9 U8 A0 q
56. Selective social boycott& r1 B- N; h1 \9 ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction
. }( d+ C4 n1 U) T- L! Y 58. Excommunication
1 p( i: [2 T& v `% B5 w% B4 f 59. Interdict
5 U8 g+ n* J1 \8 Z8 H( R" \
P7 M$ \2 `( ]) T/ mNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 _- ^6 Q2 x/ j0 H( j 60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 ]# w# f$ P: X& L
61. Boycott of social affairs
, p' D5 H6 @* ~) s 62. Student strike
+ n3 B, [5 ^7 E5 u 63. Social disobedience
( w9 v0 J& g5 s' w- o5 m' I9 `4 _ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 A0 \( f9 S A5 D! P5 ?3 }2 X
X# |0 ^! L0 t+ b9 s9 GWithdrawal from the Social System6 l# u6 ~4 H5 y2 p
65. Stay-at-home
$ d6 F( a- c3 k4 D* p$ e 66. Total personal noncooperation0 e4 M% V5 ?4 j( M
67. “Flight” of workers
, t/ u0 N, v" L4 N 68. Sanctuary2 j! F1 D5 X3 Q) Q- \( U
69. Collective disappearance; o4 g! g3 l4 h& R; }
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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1 W2 \& ]6 Z a% L7 U2 V. m* PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 P4 H" C9 q( m9 n$ q+ B; _
0 V8 A b+ Z5 g9 _1 U4 h $ N* Z9 `3 O9 x2 u, \6 p
Actions by Consumers
+ W1 H0 ?1 F* [1 v- { 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 k( h: S$ j& O5 w 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 @8 Z- o8 S- ]4 v2 V; L- ?
73. Policy of austerity
, U# w# o( p) u# f 74. Rent withholding
: G- \5 ?# b# ^% X3 U m 75. Refusal to rent- x$ B! D6 s( X' A. o/ S
76. National consumers’ boycott
/ G+ H# H/ s+ s3 W 77. International consumers’ boycott
) I& H) z5 L4 K$ H8 N4 ?) H9 J* e+ Y9 h3 Z
Action by Workers and Producers
! P A0 G2 i5 T% n& x) F m8 i 78. Workmen’s boycott# R1 {) Z; H) }: w% ~
79. Producers’ boycott F5 t' L/ {0 E. S, L$ Y- Z) k, y% E
, B j* Z+ M# pAction by Middlemen
" e( b* E r& b8 d3 R) f& ^ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 r1 d4 T3 V1 o4 \- q( N8 v2 K+ x6 h; P5 Q+ {3 o
Action by Owners and Management% x7 h ?) v4 c+ o
81. Traders’ boycott2 `6 y: |9 M9 N/ U2 z
82. Refusal to let or sell property6 I4 G' x+ A3 d8 ~
83. Lockout
2 Z/ ]9 d3 D3 L2 u7 U 84. Refusal of industrial assistance. R. f! j/ S; p% e( D2 x5 ]7 y- ?
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 q9 g( z: o* w9 U0 ~
9 F$ j& ` g# T3 _Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ T, u2 z' s' O& d2 S' c' y" z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' C+ d$ L. |. g) T/ X 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 L$ A. C. @6 b2 n1 N
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 t/ I7 }9 X( Q/ v1 F
89. Severance of funds and credit
! T9 H" C, w4 p9 [, N1 A 90. Revenue refusal0 b y( S! Y0 z+ @
91. Refusal of a government’s money) W3 K$ d. |# I9 |7 L3 `# S+ m
4 j2 v' s) l7 w: H. V. @Action by Governments
, K! U# C0 i& E( b6 X9 z4 ` 92. Domestic embargo: r& z8 S% }# ^. F J% Q$ j
93. Blacklisting of traders6 N$ I1 h* R! h" ?; M4 {
94. International sellers’ embargo
" h0 u; I, Y. `" l 95. International buyers’ embargo$ B0 i! I$ i! V- V9 C
96. International trade embargo
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+ E0 S/ I0 a z! d8 p% [1 |: t1 T9 |7 @
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 ?/ m+ l- F* P/ \
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Symbolic Strikes7 n7 r- d' g. Q5 c2 {2 H- q
97. Protest strike. N$ t% U% r% ?* T7 M/ p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: \" P! n. ?8 n7 R
- E0 R3 G4 [" Y5 q( D8 }9 W! QAgricultural Strikes! J: I# n- j2 a+ ]# M; p( V
99. Peasant strike# a1 J) e8 d* o, x8 M" @
100. Farm Workers’ strike
# Q7 z0 j6 |. [% A& u" M2 B2 | ?3 J" V2 T+ H+ I
Strikes by Special Groups9 x1 K% ~1 E2 M' E$ }# q" k- {* I6 Y
101. Refusal of impressed labor+ n: Q* I6 q" ?2 |" |9 z, B* y
102. Prisoners’ strike
8 M: h" Z( i( e2 x- Q 103. Craft strike% U' k+ N0 t1 g; @
104. Professional strike
6 _+ t; D" w' ^, J3 k2 m. x: j8 U4 F) r+ a* \
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
* N* Z- h, ^6 c 105. Establishment strike1 P( [5 m! S# a0 Y
106. Industry strike
+ e$ \7 }* k8 A+ |* u) I, D, [ 107. Sympathetic strike
, a! Z" Z. G5 o; E/ Z2 q/ o: b# E0 F/ h/ ~& F: q- @* h
Restricted Strikes! }& `8 ~1 J& f6 T7 ~6 h' p6 l
108. Detailed strike+ L6 ^+ z( c9 @* ` H1 c( h
109. Bumper strike
/ K2 G% q0 P5 \( `6 P5 H5 [' y4 I 110. Slowdown strike
1 g$ |5 R* v) o% } 111. Working-to-rule strike4 [, w* x% W+ t% }
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ g- C7 V: [0 `
113. Strike by resignation5 |& O: T& M- _! j
114. Limited strike
, ?/ N/ D0 X$ V" X \ 115. Selective strike
$ W i5 d1 S) t$ J6 J" W( ~# f4 `4 F6 X" p" S7 O- S, u
Multi-Industry Strikes
4 ~% d$ O% F8 ~! C( V% h
o' @) M" m9 i& r- i- L7 r 116. Generalized strike' @. s* R2 X/ I* @/ q9 t* I
: J& e) T, a5 {+ Y1 E9 N 117. General strike2 |6 Z H+ H$ N5 L
/ }8 }7 H# _& M' wCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures- S3 d' S* q" x2 n
# P X$ ^: N g) A
118. Hartal& ^6 C! j) s9 ~: @% {
2 |; Z! G8 {5 n+ R% s
119. Economic shutdown6 L8 x5 C/ P( p& B% C% W
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
0 T$ `! i4 v8 l, ?: V% B( ~) E 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 W6 M7 Y6 n0 m/ _+ ^" Y$ Q 121. Refusal of public support
# [0 M3 Y$ N4 z' t, g 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
" C3 ~0 R: d& d
) G' o) a3 B* z4 I( ?Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 T$ p& n: q& r2 f/ v* k! h 123. Boycott of legislative bodies& T L. K- W; i$ c4 D& p
124. Boycott of elections4 Q/ n# g8 V+ y |$ p$ [
125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 ~7 z: n8 o9 R4 }
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 e8 a2 X8 M1 D$ n) a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. g7 n: i+ Z" ] 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 j6 M" X5 k( a1 t- U1 \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( D4 x1 {, \( A) q
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# }% J2 V- V' S" }
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ V" R1 E, C' P! b: { 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% }, s) X/ G0 B) X9 E
3 ?- G' E# K# ~+ ACitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' [2 ], U) C5 U* S8 N/ z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance, R! f/ x j6 B C& M
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 M( f4 J4 S( v F% ?6 F0 H
135. Popular nonobedience" [9 k9 C% `* t: P! i g
136. Disguised disobedience
. J `+ A- k: A' F0 s 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ U( f. e, R8 d
138. Sitdown
* E ^6 T8 ?$ ^6 U2 J2 J 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 L0 X) Q- g& k" \ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 [0 Q; V, H. |# V& Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, q4 z* X8 h6 f3 i }& g
) z V5 C6 \" A# b" kAction by Government Personnel2 b+ ^3 X- H! N3 y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 X5 S" l. y* R/ } [
143. Blocking of lines of command and information% ^) j1 d9 k. R; ?1 H0 k" q- h
144. Stalling and obstruction6 x! ?, o; I8 A0 A) @
145. General administrative noncooperation
# F+ X$ y& M# T' \( m$ N
. E' H9 k3 C) J3 j, M8 h 146. Judicial noncooperation
" w) q6 H9 R. U$ W 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents X% A* ^) ]& ^+ T
148. Mutiny
6 L j6 X2 L. k3 ^9 z' N X+ cDomestic Governmental Action9 r0 z' e( C7 V
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 M/ b) D: N: g. Q p/ x1 ?, h8 j 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 v7 k/ A( @- s
$ @3 S! Q# o6 K
International Governmental Action
5 l: G; F' U* h" R 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 Y2 `1 Z5 A- M* ^ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' R# D( L u: H
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( b6 t& L. u+ F8 J( L y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations, M. w+ F, r, j* b( J9 l
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 q- Y& \ m8 }/ p# r3 U( t3 n 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. l) I- l9 l, |% E8 @& \ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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0 K9 ]; f8 Y/ s) k- FTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 R' @& W: x( x" h) [7 ?1 H5 r
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4 G5 j5 c% k: S: dPsychological Intervention
9 G3 c% B. i) Z3 L( B/ w 158. Self-exposure to the elements. m; a; F' s8 Y, d3 j8 }4 `7 ]/ Q
159. The fast% `% N/ w9 z, [
a) Fast of moral pressure8 J" [0 W+ X) M3 o# H# s
b) Hunger strike
5 j* r- b5 F! Q R6 [) P7 J c) Satyagrahic fast
/ @- E- V: ~. c z8 c3 j3 I 160. Reverse trial6 f$ ^9 D% u. B" W0 p6 H
161. Nonviolent harassment9 B# ?4 {% i) U5 p
o9 F" X9 K1 N$ z+ [Physical Intervention, ?" {" m. t/ Q0 u4 Z! G# S
162. Sit-in1 Y1 b) q' Q( Z& b! b
163. Stand-in0 u+ ^6 N: [. v
164. Ride-in3 [! \3 i" d8 p! z# ^& x
165. Wade-in( i- M, u& U0 C; |9 ~* g
166. Mill-in( [& X2 C; R s* w0 a! i5 e5 X
167. Pray-in3 }6 g+ ]" S1 F2 o1 Q) L8 m( X
168. Nonviolent raids/ a# b- L( W% j. h& M' A! A) q
169. Nonviolent air raids% o# p' Q8 x+ j* E7 o* m& V
170. Nonviolent invasion/ u. R2 I: B' z8 q# ?
171. Nonviolent interjection8 D8 q9 i* I: y" L, S
172. Nonviolent obstruction' w+ `1 v5 W7 T0 p
173. Nonviolent occupation
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9 Y( M! ?; o [5 }% YSocial Intervention
2 h J3 |' v+ F* H/ p, ^1 C 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 x7 V0 {4 {* H9 b 175. Overloading of facilities
& ~( C5 G' n4 D' t3 a3 N1 Z 176. Stall-in
5 ^/ a- @0 S" ?5 n2 @" @ 177. Speak-in
3 u- F4 X' [5 | 178. Guerrilla theater
* B' ], J/ M1 k, ~ Z+ p( Y 179. Alternative social institutions
( a( h: Z, i7 t 180. Alternative communication system
4 I$ O+ W2 [ Y9 z" E/ k+ Y! a4 p* I) l; S' g2 @' \* ~
Economic Intervention
; q2 ^, \4 P5 P8 B% Z* a 181. Reverse strike
% Q E! G) S0 W$ W5 _& s" N8 K6 m6 N 182. Stay-in strike
2 y( }1 c+ I0 X: P' | 183. Nonviolent land seizure4 B+ O5 \" i8 ~8 O8 {0 Z: \
184. Defiance of blockades9 d3 v9 j: k3 Y2 M$ @
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 B& {1 _7 W, R: a* d* O$ f 186. Preclusive purchasing
9 j/ X$ k+ ?* N& a% n2 @ 187. Seizure of assets$ h& w( Z3 q. }+ _! G9 Y( h! a. _ J
188. Dumping! w* n# _! d7 ]( `8 w
189. Selective patronage. Y s$ b6 B/ U7 L& p5 @
190. Alternative markets
% C" C7 j4 q: L6 U+ Z8 I/ R 191. Alternative transportation systems
Z5 T' r0 \; R7 |+ {) u 192. Alternative economic institutions t" `+ Y, L+ j
6 n# N0 D# l; U5 qPolitical Intervention
' Z6 S1 N# S/ f1 `5 |1 I( l 193. Overloading of administrative systems1 h. t; |0 ~, r8 x. I: O& f
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 q# t: b7 {3 s) M* J
195. Seeking imprisonment
; K2 g' j+ S" A' n W/ w 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 {0 D# k+ M) B8 ]
197. Work-on without collaboration
, w0 t5 E# M/ c& e 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 a; L L6 e2 K" ]5 Q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
