 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 Z$ i% s" P- D- IFormal Statements, I8 B- F) \9 |3 y( Q
1. Public Speeches
- R8 O- W. E! z8 G0 U( G 2. Letters of opposition or support6 U) |/ K/ [" K8 t. o6 J9 p2 x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% P: ?- H. l* m! _ G, u' v 4. Signed public statements/ z. C8 C- F, q9 I- R1 u9 }
5. Declarations of indictment and intention; a3 f/ u$ j" T$ [
6. Group or mass petitions
# J* k( i9 z( I3 X8 \- q" j5 c! p6 g/ I0 n( U+ n+ D: D' `# ^
Communications with a Wider Audience
: l" ^ V6 k* @2 W4 D! l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 q- M+ y! r' q5 m# m0 S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) M7 g- k* w) E/ P2 h5 M
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 W9 c |5 @3 A6 [
10. Newspapers and journals
& [$ d$ e9 W) V- R7 Z' c 11. Records, radio, and television
2 D7 l B9 n9 [. I5 ?/ f7 T4 u 12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 ]7 [$ x# M# y. I' q$ v4 U" V' H
! S f3 V9 q. }) |
Group Representations1 E: F9 o/ G* m. B2 g; Q8 _4 l2 [
13. Deputations4 h/ l: h7 q" Z; S @
14. Mock awards6 c- U) r1 m! k; z! A6 {) A! K
15. Group lobbying
* K& d i/ k" d* f# t2 l$ a 16. Picketing
' L4 z3 u% _7 R) c 17. Mock elections8 `( X$ M+ i3 ]1 ]8 c9 L
. q- E# _2 u. x. }' x: ASymbolic Public Acts
) I: U, }' \8 E1 K1 r D$ u+ p 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 U) a- ~3 N3 V
19. Wearing of symbols! E. x; Y& a& [- E4 ^( {' G8 ^
20. Prayer and worship0 T" `+ o7 j* Z5 U, d- S
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 Y9 v! S2 p5 y6 ^" D- U 22. Protest disrobings5 m" f" l" M) B* x& O" C& c* e
23. Destruction of own property7 K4 K4 ?$ w; t1 r R
24. Symbolic lights
2 e) }6 {* ~! k5 ?) j" t5 [6 T 25. Displays of portraits
4 I6 ~- h6 f. i; P C 26. Paint as protest
o4 m' s6 F4 M$ d+ j. B8 ?; Q; Z 27. New signs and names
) C/ a/ b( |1 F 28. Symbolic sounds
1 [+ |5 Z" b- X" w6 ` 29. Symbolic reclamations
$ G2 s) o' ]* d/ { 30. Rude gestures' ]5 ]% ^9 J+ a# `6 v, I( O
% V' h5 I- U' O
Pressures on Individuals. o& [ d2 c5 u: S) N* W
31. “Haunting” officials
% h: r! G0 J2 j% o- ]$ i 32. Taunting officials
" c1 |: `7 M" v2 E: b, c# l 33. Fraternization
/ s9 r& ?5 E# B7 t 34. Vigils
" O. ]4 l5 G4 F$ F+ h4 a' h/ A: X" w: a8 P, M3 [' i* `0 f
Drama and Music
q- F% z) Q% E$ W" H 35. Humorous skits and pranks% o1 M* }# ?% ^- r9 \
36. Performances of plays and music
0 f2 \: [. L8 I5 s5 j- e 37. Singing! t$ x0 R, a) U% U- U" l- x
8 e1 P( k- @3 C4 C
Processions
3 O! e2 Y# h( {6 C- O: U 38. Marches
: J: y" I% k: J& d. z; _ 39. Parades
( i% O# \1 Q, }1 N3 W8 q2 h2 b4 h 40. Religious processions
# N9 A% ]* ^6 h+ X 41. Pilgrimages" `5 X8 \6 g2 q# E
42. Motorcades
0 X2 J T* w7 F/ y
* \$ A9 c( `6 d' k* UHonoring the Dead$ E6 _8 z+ ]7 s4 d% ~
43. Political mourning$ _" Y9 A3 d/ p2 t- ^) Q! T
44. Mock funerals
% |+ w' C1 N& E% I! A& ~7 \4 Z- b1 U 45. Demonstrative funerals; x! i! K5 }/ `) \) G9 Z
46. Homage at burial places( U. e9 F0 ~1 ]4 A8 c/ l) [
/ N( ^1 x5 g. x) y8 d5 z
Public Assemblies
3 v: V1 m3 {! k8 l# D' l 47. Assemblies of protest or support
; y/ ?% k7 V. e( \" v 48. Protest meetings# q+ j7 M7 w1 y5 n4 ~! e& \
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 e3 F# A& N# G1 G 50. Teach-ins
2 j: V! E! f) b* L* L' T% P p. F
) M6 }9 c0 t- e" X- V5 TWithdrawal and Renunciation+ _ h! @8 Z3 G2 M8 p& L
51. Walk-outs
, R0 W/ s6 Y8 G$ w8 z9 e# o 52. Silence
* Q' }5 |$ `. R+ I 53. Renouncing honors0 g6 d! L' T. O; ^* {
54. Turning one’s back
4 ?. O6 n' u& o1 ^ C7 R+ f4 j, @2 ^5 d: P
* F' B r( O$ V2 G
0 M) i8 ^( Z4 \: R" k
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* j0 t* R& E3 @+ A
- L2 e0 g% q! K ! X5 n8 I7 Q: o" J
& d& C* x: u0 D2 N* fOstracism of Persons# f% E% l/ i( f, ~
55. Social boycott6 X: P; V1 M& H6 k& v) W
56. Selective social boycott" Z# b, X2 b7 r# B6 V, z- H9 s
57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ i- j/ E8 D* u$ T: e9 c* ? 58. Excommunication- L% y- F s. q! U
59. Interdict/ o; `: ^7 h* E
) F3 ~& u. O: J9 \7 p; S0 PNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: p2 [2 z7 O$ F | |" I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities: J! w: n- O9 `; a
61. Boycott of social affairs- f" E$ N$ C b$ `4 ~ `: w( a
62. Student strike1 V1 G. r5 n7 i9 M6 x
63. Social disobedience
/ |$ j, ~) u" S- _8 O$ L 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 j7 Y! V4 n- B) X+ ?
5 z7 a5 _. Z& f! t4 Y4 N- ]" RWithdrawal from the Social System. e* k, H" b# x/ A- t: ^
65. Stay-at-home
! Y1 N" ?( }* ]) I* t0 n 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ j5 h4 K9 F/ ^" K 67. “Flight” of workers/ ^7 M) {! m! Y4 E" b0 A+ \ h; g
68. Sanctuary
: b; g" q( F, N2 O" n, X 69. Collective disappearance
Z6 u7 ^1 s. F1 b" T$ o+ ~ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 O9 l0 Z% I* D( P" w H7 [* K* t% M* C, A- c$ y. D0 D
`. c# Z+ _2 ]
! h/ M8 Q' j/ ^& W; {) f
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ n6 j2 f4 ^/ k
6 h+ |8 ^* B6 z% ?/ ?1 ]
4 c- G* D/ ]- [1 B/ w8 a) b; ]Actions by Consumers
$ A6 v* J8 M4 u7 { y+ ?. l 71. Consumers’ boycott) Q8 _3 |5 a3 m
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 |* ]" O1 S' }
73. Policy of austerity5 M0 C& u. E6 X+ N/ ~
74. Rent withholding
! ^8 c8 l, s' b 75. Refusal to rent
: y$ C+ E$ b' X7 o. g. ^" D 76. National consumers’ boycott
2 G- @- B( N, i6 o7 z1 y 77. International consumers’ boycott" K' w: ` x( v: I; C
0 ?& o* N6 b& ^( Y$ j& z
Action by Workers and Producers
) f% R3 m! S7 u: U8 m% \) r/ }5 _ 78. Workmen’s boycott
5 ]: @9 ^: U! J5 |8 y 79. Producers’ boycott
# V% a5 L J5 G% w/ E& ]6 B$ Q {* g( J: p: B+ Y$ E( G
Action by Middlemen
! T/ B$ _ @" t5 U0 D( y, J 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ S" ]6 w3 S3 P2 q) o! i7 X; R6 e4 s* d
Action by Owners and Management
D: _8 F: J3 N+ z5 O 81. Traders’ boycott, y4 ~! ~0 W2 z* z$ A
82. Refusal to let or sell property
' j+ q Y7 L: T3 z 83. Lockout% O5 p; w, F/ M8 o4 L
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ k' D& A, f3 m( k1 H3 L/ G
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 y5 `9 X; ]: G' }4 h# v6 k
* Y; I. L9 x( E
Action by Holders of Financial Resources I: }8 @/ B Q2 S$ t! L: H1 A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- a; u; W7 d: G: e
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! g9 `$ w; h. ^6 ^8 l' W 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 Z/ B* M0 v7 h
89. Severance of funds and credit
' O2 k- ]4 |/ H) v( b 90. Revenue refusal
* H+ \" ^0 Q. ] 91. Refusal of a government’s money. H& C) ?3 x# b; l) Q" ^ [' U
* S% m8 Q- `0 b4 ^5 S
Action by Governments
0 X7 q, `, Z2 L* q) _& _! i" V# C 92. Domestic embargo+ @$ M& _. b. q
93. Blacklisting of traders
: @& p" Q* Z2 B0 {5 y$ l3 A. H v 94. International sellers’ embargo
- p; ~5 |" e& V# N1 `# o) J 95. International buyers’ embargo
8 `8 I. q! j. Z, k 96. International trade embargo0 q! d' i% F: }
% b0 h1 } r0 ~$ N: L' Z / R3 e. P4 Y/ U6 G! Q$ @; Z
: d6 l/ `0 M& w, lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 W5 f- h* S8 n0 P! |9 G0 Z1 x8 ~/ S
$ g- J$ u1 t( B1 o6 r + j! _8 j+ e; L# n5 Q9 A
Symbolic Strikes) \! M6 _9 I1 B2 X7 q6 Z' t3 C6 J8 s6 |% w
97. Protest strike, x3 t, G+ R6 \/ q% _0 p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( f/ r1 r2 O% P6 l* k; N' {* t; h. r7 I1 ~1 _, I4 V( R+ W% f
Agricultural Strikes" \6 [! J- n3 x/ l1 `8 [8 {
99. Peasant strike( T* ~4 T0 `' e, ?5 O% ~
100. Farm Workers’ strike
, Y6 B$ u7 E: |8 }5 J
6 n0 s4 a) ~( ZStrikes by Special Groups9 G' H3 E5 O2 B2 M7 z7 z, ?
101. Refusal of impressed labor( y; A7 J4 X2 K4 \/ s9 P9 W
102. Prisoners’ strike
9 ^% a; n* p* r 103. Craft strike4 Z$ A2 K2 n5 w; C8 X
104. Professional strike( x$ Q+ Z6 R' P) s( }6 n( K/ y
6 v0 N( y1 [/ |* }, WOrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 x* S7 N$ u/ b7 x$ } 105. Establishment strike
1 @" }7 a+ U+ g$ o 106. Industry strike
+ ]. Z# s/ t. \( s1 o 107. Sympathetic strike) K& d- N$ X% L& V1 V9 u: p
) g" C9 b, o& p0 ?5 ^
Restricted Strikes- u: Z7 X% _6 F; [5 B8 `
108. Detailed strike: u3 K5 E: s8 Z0 `7 J2 G4 _& S
109. Bumper strike
4 K7 j7 p3 Y! X" P, k$ _1 n 110. Slowdown strike
` b. o; D% X* Q' S 111. Working-to-rule strike
8 v; d( Y5 }- h2 x, q9 Q0 F 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( F) k2 `3 O4 c 113. Strike by resignation# Q( _' [7 w# E( N% g
114. Limited strike
7 v! l2 [, C/ O: T7 J; O 115. Selective strike
& U* Q9 |+ E. y8 ]5 v, e% _# J K- x0 o1 E0 X1 }
Multi-Industry Strikes
& q5 H |$ E& h& Y7 b" p3 S2 K
- W+ x) ^6 N) v 116. Generalized strike7 L8 K" S" r9 a; E$ v& U2 H1 D
: ^! x' B2 D9 X1 V
117. General strike S4 s, ]! O1 |0 ?- ~1 h
/ d; t9 F( Q) {: D
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- k2 I0 E7 V/ e0 p# a% n A- {" e* P! W% X9 C; ~
118. Hartal
( `% \9 v1 o2 D: H" s% l$ u: j( k
% \. K2 W1 J# E9 C- j 119. Economic shutdown1 a6 i3 \7 l' l' c
7 A Z- v) q4 R c# {& Q' U- T/ R* l
- M" U4 Y9 v5 ~& O; b0 f# r! j* ?: u( j2 w6 q! O: L/ ~
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: N1 J7 g% F0 |# y Y L. a- {
1 G: @; y2 H+ L& E7 z. I
9 K' I( V- k( C+ L" p- [Rejection of Authority- d7 C- K" K R6 W
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* }/ }! T9 L! w+ |- K
121. Refusal of public support
. T/ @1 ~) D* b- a B8 s3 P 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) n8 {" {6 V( L
5 A. U! w. i/ d* L- kCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" E7 @+ [% d0 l1 C O* Z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# g( ?5 h: z# Z( y7 m 124. Boycott of elections9 [& _* _5 d, a1 V
125. Boycott of government employment and positions& b- N1 o$ l a/ T. g% b6 [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) u+ S( `& Y; W7 L7 c# R' D: q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: |) A% ^1 T& A0 C: l" K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ J' h) y h1 w1 J5 j0 } 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
|3 M/ s9 o# f m7 A$ x$ }4 b 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- z, y( ~1 \: y, n3 }5 f 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 v% U1 Y1 ]' H* k& W' L( } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, A( k2 `& G; E4 F, U) K: \, e% u1 o8 M) Z
3 A5 A4 ~3 Y' Y ?0 w. M# ?+ J$ t7 c! i. fCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 h6 [9 Y- a8 g" T& R4 r, V: m
133. Reluctant and slow compliance, i4 Z$ `$ `# N9 w* c
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ G0 M; k3 a) v
135. Popular nonobedience4 i2 @- G) r$ h3 `' T
136. Disguised disobedience" [' a4 X- @; o( C8 L1 m9 |4 D" w
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 ], Z; ?3 J1 ]6 M/ C$ R4 ~! g/ Y+ W
138. Sitdown9 `! r7 y1 T) Y; U% n
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* ^: K% d8 s0 U( u# s, A8 A
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 |; j" E0 t9 H% _4 S. H 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! T q. `; r) p- B8 h+ Y# y
1 E8 X. V; a) J0 F' c; F% w9 U
Action by Government Personnel. {+ m7 D& E7 x
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
M# F1 N i! ~& M) b2 H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 g2 o; h) I1 b0 s8 K 144. Stalling and obstruction
8 m: Q& [- T+ z, u! w" P( o 145. General administrative noncooperation! p {/ i+ t: S& [+ A9 s; s+ B, Z
* P' _. y: y$ e% x) B
146. Judicial noncooperation
; k$ F7 g9 i5 I& t p. Q- S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 ~0 O5 L e) `) s4 X! p& H3 S$ z
148. Mutiny) M! t3 ?8 n; @
Domestic Governmental Action# M( f* x( R2 _9 s. x
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 l7 }* u' }/ u3 e5 Z% W 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: j" |4 h" K/ ~& v6 |
$ f) @/ [& Q% r6 D3 [( xInternational Governmental Action$ I9 b C" U: n: e& q/ I( x
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( T' f$ H% ^/ Y' q* \) `3 x) X 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) n- ]4 K4 ]- v1 X7 z- e" Z! p! L
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# h& ^% }- D/ w/ u, Q4 p6 w 154. Severance of diplomatic relations- M& y2 U6 f* h9 A& d# i' Y( C
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ Y4 _% U$ M* Q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- M; ?% b# W0 n! Z
157. Expulsion from international organizations
( y f; H6 A9 M A) x- y0 a
: A8 @" T+ Y, O' n9 H. ]+ i
6 E" \; @' X7 L2 p
" E, Q8 `; B) C5 g; }THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% e0 g$ O% D7 S7 B1 Z" H# @8 E
1 u; F; ~% s, i6 e ! e3 _4 ]$ _5 q$ z4 X2 Y
Psychological Intervention
4 m$ y( P5 Y3 o" F/ o$ i r6 J5 T: X 158. Self-exposure to the elements/ i' B) X' d' O: O5 B. a; N
159. The fast
; Q% Q) y( N. g$ x+ D1 D6 r a) Fast of moral pressure
) X9 X+ j5 f5 E0 @! C0 ~ b) Hunger strike) X, T2 c; [0 a' T2 F2 m$ S
c) Satyagrahic fast: [8 D n1 _) h4 E( O( S" J# o
160. Reverse trial: w* e. e/ ?* D* l6 p* q
161. Nonviolent harassment
; _) t- T- t2 z+ {4 C8 h
7 a' z1 u- J2 R( Z! R7 yPhysical Intervention: r& ?: Y/ P! G: i3 q+ j
162. Sit-in
* o" m- i8 F [! } 163. Stand-in
/ R/ ? _. e$ d 164. Ride-in7 R! m/ H9 w( e6 u: Y& `
165. Wade-in, z" m! q, W9 N& E E4 @
166. Mill-in8 x% ~* z- E0 F' n8 l% u* E
167. Pray-in. N* L5 B1 W' }
168. Nonviolent raids
9 ]" c" Q+ q* d* {& L 169. Nonviolent air raids
# O/ o8 S i: t' c/ e6 ` 170. Nonviolent invasion# c" K2 M' Y/ E$ T0 ~
171. Nonviolent interjection8 f n4 Q; F, w, |( Q, V
172. Nonviolent obstruction$ o9 v( {9 Q8 E w
173. Nonviolent occupation% Y; z/ P: j8 B/ l
* Y/ Y+ g% P z' u) }
Social Intervention2 p8 b! U7 d6 g5 R: K
174. Establishing new social patterns
* z, K7 u) c6 e& y5 F# s" `8 p 175. Overloading of facilities
6 l. q G' E9 `3 A- S/ V) a" w! ` 176. Stall-in
3 T% z6 r+ `/ O$ x 177. Speak-in
( t/ d( d C% R+ H" b 178. Guerrilla theater
( m7 u+ H4 Q- X 179. Alternative social institutions1 G1 h7 @2 S! U5 w
180. Alternative communication system, e: s/ J; ~1 N
`5 {0 J6 @. u& @- m- @
Economic Intervention
5 N- R( C* D4 t 181. Reverse strike! |) ^# E* Q( u* B* J, }
182. Stay-in strike
* Q' v) r; y9 f/ N. o0 U* T 183. Nonviolent land seizure
f. m% S0 w" ~+ E! E 184. Defiance of blockades. {8 P+ m8 E, V- k$ u
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" a0 U) o o+ r! D" R3 o, { 186. Preclusive purchasing% R$ P. Q" h$ X) `5 Y
187. Seizure of assets' e. V/ {* R" c) n( t1 B
188. Dumping" _* N( h* m9 j! j0 G5 S
189. Selective patronage
& k7 u: u3 s* A6 J 190. Alternative markets
: `) F2 ^$ {+ b" F$ P 191. Alternative transportation systems5 [4 Z$ p; g! I. \% j
192. Alternative economic institutions
7 d& N8 _' A1 J6 O7 f5 w. h9 J
& d- l8 Q' X. r" _. C: cPolitical Intervention/ ]" e- a* n: P( b/ X+ S/ I+ W
193. Overloading of administrative systems
- L2 d! c, J" _, f! [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 Z ]" B s, G: G% C$ D! _ 195. Seeking imprisonment5 x9 r9 {- e. x- o% s$ s" E- L
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 c" e ^. h8 l$ m" `" b9 z 197. Work-on without collaboration% V! i" l+ M# O n6 V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! E2 b% o7 t0 x4 P# |
5 h# x, M( h" d+ C0 l |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
