 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 `5 ?! |# X& h) @$ I9 E
Formal Statements; C# D2 ]% n* g4 E: p% c* l
1. Public Speeches
3 e" K$ i/ S" c/ |/ k* w 2. Letters of opposition or support
& |0 i" r, x1 J, h; p3 A 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: S4 g/ J- X! q& @# N! O4 z 4. Signed public statements: N: o0 f- d) {) g! ?* {/ t
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 _4 v0 K* f! j
6. Group or mass petitions
Y; {! f! |; Z5 p* {) h
& R# m! P* o6 ?Communications with a Wider Audience# h0 b! R8 e, N3 g4 S$ n( E
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ R: {) f0 F7 j* J- e | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 e& O3 N- N) w
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: o q) k( M0 L& R. a) z' f2 u& s) ] 10. Newspapers and journals
4 A# C1 @& N+ o, v' e+ @8 K1 K: J 11. Records, radio, and television: V# k) l* B. Y; Q% w0 A. x
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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Group Representations
4 b% s& T P' l" | 13. Deputations4 f, O" p( u. G9 Y0 W8 W
14. Mock awards
" R0 } p8 N F# }' Y e, t 15. Group lobbying
5 x9 ~2 \: N3 \, X 16. Picketing
j: ^* P7 z( B 17. Mock elections& p$ h) p# n& l: k+ g2 v* k0 l6 _, E) I$ S
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Symbolic Public Acts
' a1 b6 P# }: j- Z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. l) \$ ]! C, ?4 O
19. Wearing of symbols
- {% X- f; r* A7 S 20. Prayer and worship
* `6 u& J% `9 A8 ^. ^3 j 21. Delivering symbolic objects: n: s% g$ ], @- Z1 [) k. D
22. Protest disrobings
* K3 K( z& d3 c3 J) V f: R5 w8 N 23. Destruction of own property
' R8 T/ S1 v! d! ^- B! e3 a 24. Symbolic lights
% a& |+ h5 ~6 d 25. Displays of portraits
. g$ Y Y5 O" _9 t7 @' q! G 26. Paint as protest8 T1 g" w+ d$ e) X' c: M
27. New signs and names
6 l+ h4 c, ?) L' a) z* k& Y' O3 V. D) } 28. Symbolic sounds
1 E; K3 m& Y- b. ` 29. Symbolic reclamations+ D( N3 u! a& U; V
30. Rude gestures1 n' R( l( y4 U# ]5 F2 B
" X6 o+ ]; Z2 t- r
Pressures on Individuals4 p" n% _8 h I) d6 {* |, O- g
31. “Haunting” officials8 V6 q6 }" |0 j, P+ I/ g, U$ m
32. Taunting officials
5 V' C, }* q' G# W 33. Fraternization" m8 u9 W, K7 S
34. Vigils! w3 s' N* }$ }1 ~6 q3 O$ W
0 f! t* ]! `! J+ H$ A2 l3 N/ E* D" R
Drama and Music
! D' I- N+ `0 A; b; D9 z) n" l 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 [. f5 J/ Z% [, C+ [8 l 36. Performances of plays and music
/ M0 q8 F* O) l+ R1 | 37. Singing
, d" J; L/ S2 ]1 ~$ C- n0 f2 D- e: K- c* |4 L5 v
Processions
1 N& v, A% C3 p9 L; P f7 ? 38. Marches
: P/ n% D! s% ` R/ m2 g: B6 ` 39. Parades5 s7 _' T, m. b8 e0 ^2 F
40. Religious processions
/ J7 L# \5 C) V 41. Pilgrimages3 p+ F, e" K2 H' s# j
42. Motorcades
5 e& s/ p9 N3 i) T2 D
6 t5 z0 M S) F3 ~7 n2 Q \5 ?1 q& jHonoring the Dead
- S: @/ U4 a! x7 I 43. Political mourning# x& z+ I# _3 ~- o+ l$ B- W* n3 n
44. Mock funerals l! L/ |; ^7 Q
45. Demonstrative funerals
6 K/ f* S* S9 _ p& H 46. Homage at burial places
8 Y/ W# O A U
- b5 v. M5 c# x1 f" D4 u2 b& U9 iPublic Assemblies
& |0 G; `9 v7 b7 W) Q2 u6 H4 h 47. Assemblies of protest or support' I# C6 t. r C8 _" C* f: Y3 J- V
48. Protest meetings$ N) }) @+ V5 c0 I, n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 i# @/ ~0 e: y 50. Teach-ins
/ {" a# c. n/ ^' D, z! L% a4 h8 y7 \$ O6 H- U
Withdrawal and Renunciation
& p! @3 g2 v4 C+ o- K( F: I 51. Walk-outs
7 O" [9 P) C" a 52. Silence
* b" V" R+ B6 D9 L! Q" y9 t" P 53. Renouncing honors
" J4 B5 a E N( g$ H# i# n# \ 54. Turning one’s back7 \' t; w( e3 l E
7 {# K* J" u9 \4 G0 D& W Q( N
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/ p7 s/ O, e. M+ mTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 y" [3 z% p/ D7 x8 T
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- J; F, z+ R/ R# A# N1 k# OOstracism of Persons4 y+ v" m- T3 Q5 U* }
55. Social boycott _' Y6 q8 Q5 m* G
56. Selective social boycott3 l. ]- `% J( C2 `
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 \6 v. p: N' [2 ~ G) Z1 V 58. Excommunication
3 S2 m: N' s; Q: F3 ]# S: w: y7 y& Q 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ `) X/ @/ y% D1 u- } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: V) u: T, p/ _/ V9 g9 g 61. Boycott of social affairs
- r" P8 c) Q1 N/ q4 E. J6 r" x- r 62. Student strike
* n9 I+ \; O: C* G2 N7 a, } 63. Social disobedience( s* ^# M6 @8 ~5 E
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 C) o- j2 k" I: n( ]0 p: h0 G1 ~
' I# l9 D$ _1 QWithdrawal from the Social System! ~; l8 H1 O+ [! O% |
65. Stay-at-home
2 N& S' z T, A# [ ?) N 66. Total personal noncooperation
! S) a( K8 ~# P7 I 67. “Flight” of workers
! }# R6 O: ^. m& y* Z, K 68. Sanctuary+ q( C z4 C+ Q& f2 g
69. Collective disappearance" o. V2 I& R+ t6 A6 k
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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. a: T" r1 \/ d/ b5 jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. n8 p0 r3 S! n0 o+ K* U
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3 g0 X; [$ R( a0 N0 gActions by Consumers
* \, U& Q/ k& N 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 V& J& J* a4 a 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 ]% H1 V! J3 l. B0 p7 h, d
73. Policy of austerity
; C0 _2 |$ G: p8 N 74. Rent withholding) G- x, x$ g0 j. v( T9 W1 N! B
75. Refusal to rent
/ r& _4 p; _' m* U 76. National consumers’ boycott
: T1 \% Z: W% U* } 77. International consumers’ boycott. x6 z3 o3 [, F! ?
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Action by Workers and Producers ] r" R# H* ?/ S( [5 e i& Y( H
78. Workmen’s boycott
. i; P, J; w( Z' Y2 Y7 k s( |" [ 79. Producers’ boycott- {- I4 a" q2 l. G% \
3 u2 w- q$ m( P4 fAction by Middlemen
, c) g# F' _, M' s 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
1 \ c. \, C# Z 81. Traders’ boycott- F i7 E* b( H; X
82. Refusal to let or sell property
" G; M* f. ^- R: ] 83. Lockout4 }+ S: A' T, d* S$ U
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ A! T* H4 O$ d6 `* _ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 E8 a0 K: p) q; ]1 |
' D Z) k) V1 R4 uAction by Holders of Financial Resources
; |: O% p C. c' [ `" E 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ H, N+ {- C+ z m& L
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! J% T+ i; d6 T5 g& B( U; X& P
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 |+ _5 C8 x+ P8 r8 l; f 89. Severance of funds and credit
. ~+ O9 V; f* Y; X4 | 90. Revenue refusal: a( I2 l( D. G+ I7 V5 _
91. Refusal of a government’s money- C- O, P/ @+ A! b0 `! |( u4 G
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Action by Governments
; \* {8 s& M7 R! [8 ?6 e. z; C 92. Domestic embargo6 x( i: x- |' m, G! L9 s2 c3 F3 N d8 |% p
93. Blacklisting of traders, G" |' l, S9 E, {4 t
94. International sellers’ embargo1 ?* W# l2 u% x2 K' d. z b, U
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 j& o2 D) k% X4 e 96. International trade embargo# {( ~: a# e% ?. z; j
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( Z6 q0 o8 O4 JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
, v% ~' W1 _0 i; I 97. Protest strike9 `* A* K" Q* Q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" C/ N: `8 \" k4 g9 x! M: a8 D/ m9 d' W8 m8 @( d$ w* M1 ^4 o
Agricultural Strikes
& ]# V: k" U3 Q k( l 99. Peasant strike
5 Z. W) m9 v2 t; [, S8 i 100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 T" \; k% I6 s! l E% z
1 [7 Q$ B1 L& A/ G3 Y3 h- e/ D) XStrikes by Special Groups& n- S0 q* g; `% N3 @
101. Refusal of impressed labor, @& _1 |/ A" s3 V: R& i3 Q
102. Prisoners’ strike
`% \) n; c; ^2 z. {. G( p 103. Craft strike9 r: O j( x* N- S
104. Professional strike9 B O; c( d) ~9 z/ u
, u6 p% x* {4 c# y, k: c+ l9 N8 G- c: h0 M/ f
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 f8 S* a. s9 p4 M 105. Establishment strike
* B) b& s4 @/ V1 k4 G 106. Industry strike) y1 \% m. D+ Z, W1 D
107. Sympathetic strike
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, B* ~8 Z7 c& w: R% a! P4 QRestricted Strikes
9 ^, V( D5 t0 e 108. Detailed strike: i5 {' @9 }/ \9 {6 ~4 o
109. Bumper strike
# x t& e; U) S% g2 D# w 110. Slowdown strike. d; }, a7 ? F7 K! g
111. Working-to-rule strike
: W9 ?/ v0 O' B: t) p0 z" C1 D+ [ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: N" g% a1 P% ~ 113. Strike by resignation1 Q9 ?9 W# G# R+ P M0 s$ L, C+ }
114. Limited strike/ d# I& P- |; t# e& m( R
115. Selective strike
( Q+ V, D- J1 P7 [1 K
% o; y. o' D# n( c. FMulti-Industry Strikes
I. B0 w3 H# w2 o" N8 _; b4 I8 f; _; m3 V( b( v @, f) j
116. Generalized strike3 S, L7 C" p, m: v0 j
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117. General strike
/ F0 [* x' f# T
2 g. s0 V* l4 q/ K: J* F2 ZCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal O4 T; @ M" B7 y5 M
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 o3 } F( @: o
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- E( k$ A* [ B" qRejection of Authority
9 s; p* Z- L8 ^- r 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 X1 u! }3 X2 _/ D+ Z 121. Refusal of public support
$ L& p1 F' q) j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
/ |4 @- k% \& Z% U
: j. a3 P) n- ~0 }4 WCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 s4 N* \$ u% H+ A- ~ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 v. ~6 x4 e0 ?+ a; I' T2 F% w( n5 Y 124. Boycott of elections1 B+ k! L5 p# k, U, ] X, Z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# x" U; @8 a5 U8 n8 q4 C9 ]& U
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ z- ^. W4 P! j; i( m( l 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 m$ t/ g, H0 D, R. z$ z6 Z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ @4 ?$ d. S) ^% X/ u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* u- ~6 t5 c; W( O1 H/ d, | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" }5 V2 G7 U# P
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- ^8 `/ H6 x' Q' {/ d2 h: } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) s4 U# F) i* ~4 D0 }. t; l% h
0 Z7 U* ] ]: k1 f, p4 Y: k4 U. ~6 `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# u2 [4 R( j' u2 b8 A" l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 B7 w+ g5 ~6 s; u2 y9 P
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 d. Z3 e$ I# b) y5 ` 135. Popular nonobedience
) z( v% w" Q) F, l* B( O/ j9 _ 136. Disguised disobedience
) F: E4 q0 ~3 U) Y) X8 ^, v) {+ C 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 o: G. T$ o) c
138. Sitdown
. S7 u0 w$ v$ O$ j! J @ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ A2 P$ P. ?0 B( @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 x3 O9 S6 b1 S+ ?0 |( y! [ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ H3 |7 H! ]/ E7 e8 N& ]. v$ V9 j V
/ @- |' D& d; g& t1 hAction by Government Personnel
+ V" ~; N$ Q% k) G" _" C 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( u& S* M# I. K6 t7 I 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 t$ v" C6 p1 a* E3 T+ P4 i 144. Stalling and obstruction
& x4 j1 P! o1 D 145. General administrative noncooperation+ D" ]3 z: x- m( ~1 G+ u
8 N" {. ~) b" ]: H+ P- ?( F2 R4 k 146. Judicial noncooperation
) e) G6 R! f+ K" |+ S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& W3 { ~; m& G1 X4 V
148. Mutiny* c- I2 S% T0 F% W, x
Domestic Governmental Action
& d1 Y5 m8 a, n2 b; m. L 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. L. L6 B: D8 U8 t/ y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
" Y k+ Z6 W. Q/ B3 {1 S5 z" z" m9 x/ k% \, J w6 }
International Governmental Action1 n6 U" u% g3 ]6 B$ @7 X) t7 o
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, P1 l, G: F% X 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; p- V. R2 ~9 }/ q/ k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- ]' G3 L& h. F/ O$ r 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ w$ D6 U7 w1 }- \& e2 e 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 S$ C' f8 z! ]8 J9 @ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, g* ^6 y6 m% Y* F+ M! m. U
157. Expulsion from international organizations" Y4 z' h. v) |, {3 F; b
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 M$ X% _% R0 b6 B
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Psychological Intervention- ?+ R* L: y4 ~) V; r7 J6 _
158. Self-exposure to the elements+ |+ E8 f) j9 j2 \+ P- O
159. The fast
7 E/ }9 x- T, ? a) Fast of moral pressure. D# V( j4 m4 I7 p" I) h) B" k
b) Hunger strike) `% b& C+ T% i' k5 V+ f3 }
c) Satyagrahic fast1 L E/ q0 [0 n; a
160. Reverse trial
) s. d% ]8 I/ a5 R5 P" P 161. Nonviolent harassment" F& A/ s) ` w( } @9 r
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Physical Intervention9 q `. [" |# ^* Q
162. Sit-in, _3 I _* K% S# z; _& k
163. Stand-in
8 T! M* [3 U+ B. d+ e5 l 164. Ride-in
7 r9 k# ^% o" a; V+ d/ \ 165. Wade-in
0 X- C, f; _: r2 q n 166. Mill-in
& X$ b2 I7 u# d- d9 ^1 _% k) b6 Y 167. Pray-in
: u8 p* r7 f! `. Y3 O 168. Nonviolent raids0 \# [! a3 A3 G3 r) W# C
169. Nonviolent air raids
7 G V2 H: _8 S" q; H5 u0 L7 q. F) G 170. Nonviolent invasion
, O+ i* K8 R3 P5 k* Z 171. Nonviolent interjection
+ D: H2 V0 I4 p+ f 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ n" V& P5 ]" `; Q/ r
173. Nonviolent occupation+ F; \2 h3 J* m" c" o l* W
1 F! D0 m; L+ o' a4 J- NSocial Intervention
: y& `1 F/ L, g% F; B8 J# q 174. Establishing new social patterns* B4 ]* U" G1 M" E! C
175. Overloading of facilities
. ~0 U8 ^: G" k% _- R( K+ A 176. Stall-in
* X8 ^( H" h( \9 V6 R( } 177. Speak-in
% n5 {: W. h3 {. ~1 x 178. Guerrilla theater' h+ C3 e& O: N6 L% O7 |5 T
179. Alternative social institutions
( `6 W4 _" P8 M 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
/ `; Q$ O& G, E$ j5 V 181. Reverse strike8 Y4 g/ o: X4 K# I; A i# M
182. Stay-in strike
% n0 y: O5 M; ]/ S- [2 h0 A. _ 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ q7 r; A2 V0 _% X& ~( I/ ]
184. Defiance of blockades0 t% G8 X" h- P+ t$ Z& G% H. ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% \9 ]7 l) P- p
186. Preclusive purchasing+ Z. {* W+ {0 \. W
187. Seizure of assets C- ]: h% ^- M9 I8 e% ^
188. Dumping
3 {3 U9 q8 N8 |; P& q3 q3 x 189. Selective patronage
7 o6 t- p8 Z. ?3 n+ L/ d 190. Alternative markets
3 F" p9 c; c h$ ] 191. Alternative transportation systems3 K4 }9 ~ `" j2 z1 k+ W
192. Alternative economic institutions) e0 G8 d1 _% Z' Q
. Q d1 T7 D+ g$ F
Political Intervention
3 Q( ^2 n! b" c( s" B$ F9 l- D/ e 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- y* }2 r& M8 R( e( S0 |& c- B: t% Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 F5 F# o( M. m
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 q3 G- v3 a1 ]$ w4 G3 f! p 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& k+ j9 G9 ?" s1 q$ V: L 197. Work-on without collaboration0 ?+ E0 m0 C% W6 }; t1 e
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
