 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ t2 w: y: [& g) K
Formal Statements
# T7 c9 y n* e- _- Z& Y 1. Public Speeches
# P. s/ p7 E9 {$ n/ E 2. Letters of opposition or support+ U0 p# B8 X& ~% l5 T- j5 n$ H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ a" B( ?9 B* f4 n3 [9 i
4. Signed public statements' e5 M! f& I# h0 C6 h
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 U& g0 w( K5 k0 y+ S" L' H 6. Group or mass petitions
9 q: Y9 R) a& ? S/ ?( L) E3 ~
) T+ v3 W' }* L5 p; O* S; mCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 J( Y( T1 x4 r6 f 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 E a- S7 B6 F! u" \ q: I 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' ^ |' T/ Z. \- K3 E+ z5 `
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 W- ^3 D' g$ t6 Z9 _& v: q( N
10. Newspapers and journals
9 g r7 o* J6 a: H' V& _! q 11. Records, radio, and television$ F+ f1 T9 j0 P3 [+ D9 t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ e/ i7 Y4 ^6 b4 H; ]8 C7 z& M+ L b; e; I* g
Group Representations$ z+ L- ~: N, x5 r/ {* }7 p
13. Deputations
) I- Q* y- \- g- P 14. Mock awards
- y: Q6 H5 y( ^ 15. Group lobbying
3 t" k4 m7 s9 K7 L4 P 16. Picketing# K3 w! w$ q* m6 U
17. Mock elections
' ^/ |0 R0 i% e- E+ Q2 b' E8 V/ }/ e f, t
Symbolic Public Acts
! J6 J% [+ ?1 p+ x( d* o8 P 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ |6 }2 o' T6 c) ^ 19. Wearing of symbols9 B" x) k2 k D2 c2 ^
20. Prayer and worship
2 J% E s1 S: x* z6 d7 H 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 f4 E* G1 X$ f. J. M' f 22. Protest disrobings
. l9 w0 c6 U/ o4 ?$ F. F7 `9 B 23. Destruction of own property2 k: N9 q c9 k4 y
24. Symbolic lights
$ X; V: C' s+ z7 J8 ? 25. Displays of portraits
! Y) T6 \+ K, f$ ?9 b, C- ]8 G 26. Paint as protest
" K* R9 N! [3 v% [0 c% p 27. New signs and names
8 G; X* N/ [! Q7 i2 V 28. Symbolic sounds
* m/ B) a8 O# p 29. Symbolic reclamations
2 d9 I1 F, `8 ^7 X 30. Rude gestures* t3 I: t ~4 L4 D1 d
5 q7 ?# e3 h5 E' uPressures on Individuals4 T: |/ X" \- N2 R- c
31. “Haunting” officials
2 m( ` y( q' R! Y, J0 |. k6 u" |' I 32. Taunting officials
8 X2 {2 A0 k% r 33. Fraternization
# I2 \% o& F9 _9 N5 | 34. Vigils% @* s9 n2 e$ r. A+ m
; h! e0 ]; ~( A s% j* x3 O8 bDrama and Music" \2 k1 V( p" g. a) Q+ Z
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 \! }- }, ~ P
36. Performances of plays and music9 b; t- e) f; k' `, C
37. Singing1 v: Q. i1 v- G1 q
9 f" ]( l; C4 S# w5 Z) }
Processions
+ x- j6 N* e6 Q- B 38. Marches
6 @0 ]: {# |$ `0 w* O 39. Parades( s2 t/ t- }& J" W
40. Religious processions
1 b, u& j( W5 ~/ v" ] 41. Pilgrimages
+ y1 m9 E: H* r" r9 m 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead4 k: p- P+ l6 p" O
43. Political mourning
3 V# @9 \. l5 I. F9 J: n 44. Mock funerals7 U; f* M9 C7 ^. |) C
45. Demonstrative funerals
2 Y4 H2 A, b% n) a/ f9 S 46. Homage at burial places( ?4 Q3 f' G* N7 l3 h
2 M9 T) r' G; D" E7 E
Public Assemblies
& D$ c2 }. z5 r& C$ t 47. Assemblies of protest or support. D5 t9 F( r0 ]$ ?. v
48. Protest meetings0 P# U" v( z! h( y2 g& m
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- V2 d1 i- k" g9 y) o
50. Teach-ins
2 I! `. K' p7 ~7 x1 M x9 s! |7 K1 l9 P! _
Withdrawal and Renunciation6 L( @- i( Q& }2 i# D
51. Walk-outs
" Q6 M& H9 h0 Y6 ^' C9 t" G 52. Silence& j4 P' m: q) U2 F
53. Renouncing honors
* f8 u+ n h% x3 D& F$ j 54. Turning one’s back
! w" d$ _' w$ V$ O3 b. t7 p6 w* }) }, L9 G9 l9 z8 [2 F$ f( p
$ K) s* ?8 D. t" ]8 F4 J. x i% |0 R; S. |! Z" u# z9 Y
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' M# z7 |* [; t
& K+ {5 M/ i) U% v g6 H9 m
2 `- R8 E4 v, C4 X& p4 ?
2 S( Z/ |2 l% H: p _. z) r. HOstracism of Persons/ H8 }- Y' P8 W$ q- V$ Y& D. A: u
55. Social boycott
. R; o) Q+ P- O 56. Selective social boycott
4 r# T3 ]4 N! v5 u5 U3 ~& {1 o, C, _ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
; r5 ^7 f4 e0 s- ]7 ~, F 58. Excommunication) S8 v+ k0 e: B0 q
59. Interdict5 D/ g* J" R' d3 b+ U
* N! K. _3 V1 C% b/ b4 ?' `) P
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 x' g' M2 y; l0 l0 b0 N# m& D 60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 h: |6 L) P! x& @. t( F# E
61. Boycott of social affairs& i4 j5 A9 ]# g
62. Student strike C& F) P$ n0 A) r
63. Social disobedience
; T G& m9 y# Y# n* Y* v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ M# M. e3 l& F5 F! d) w4 r
% y; ^5 W; E) v/ t# k& l
Withdrawal from the Social System) H; l3 ^% x. u o* y
65. Stay-at-home
% c! G* g2 i5 G- [8 }8 D 66. Total personal noncooperation
- I9 K" t8 Z; X9 O 67. “Flight” of workers
- j$ o' D# }7 @/ @( n0 W g$ H 68. Sanctuary
/ r& x* C1 N4 P f* Z) E# j 69. Collective disappearance7 s+ G3 X5 z w0 }
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 t5 m7 h. @& z( w$ H- V! |6 D
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 O0 ?! C' K3 t0 ^2 V5 n
1 H1 }+ l+ ~) U, O9 s( W& W
* U u) X) P, a9 d
Actions by Consumers2 t- |! f9 |! y- \: U9 ]4 ?0 Z: Y
71. Consumers’ boycott3 `; g& b5 S$ `( Y- h. K4 G
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" B3 P( b) G. r' a
73. Policy of austerity& u$ ]2 v- R9 \( s) T* e2 V
74. Rent withholding6 Z0 z8 y7 G3 K$ ~. ?( B, G
75. Refusal to rent) ]$ Z2 b0 d- t- l- v8 `
76. National consumers’ boycott, _, ~& q" {. [! m2 d0 U
77. International consumers’ boycott
; `$ L& u$ I# l; Y6 U/ B4 b; y P" q0 p# Y) g- Q$ k% E$ T
Action by Workers and Producers* w& t+ V; y( H9 E, V6 k
78. Workmen’s boycott$ B) T. D6 ?3 G
79. Producers’ boycott7 Q. ^9 v/ t4 H5 I- s! M3 g- S3 [
7 Y: s. v) z0 }9 y: v
Action by Middlemen1 P. Q; l5 v; v
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 \, w- O R, j, t" b+ ]% y+ q( q" l
* m+ X+ W$ T# k8 {Action by Owners and Management
* p# I0 B% B& j1 o9 W 81. Traders’ boycott& D# b( ?* N: c
82. Refusal to let or sell property e( @: B( n: i7 y9 u
83. Lockout
8 T; y) z8 a, H: R 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; ~- T7 h$ p! ~1 O9 j2 R' n 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 H/ h( H6 n/ s* B6 _# V2 `
& X! q+ _4 ]( {7 e! EAction by Holders of Financial Resources- d1 S6 S/ z# X
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 C# t a' i. y! _ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 h7 e9 Q {: I2 E4 r) P" X 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* g. C8 s' z9 r5 y6 Z 89. Severance of funds and credit' z$ S& U! |7 j3 L; P
90. Revenue refusal
4 R8 Q4 j+ N& a1 W3 R$ ^ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 h: l* n; U* Y
: V. M N) T) Y1 |3 F1 W# D7 ~Action by Governments* _8 W8 F1 S8 [ |
92. Domestic embargo
( D% ?9 j- L: ~. c' o 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ ]: F* p& I# [3 q" U: f 94. International sellers’ embargo$ R/ ^* h. g% i9 H( b
95. International buyers’ embargo' S, g3 Y/ z/ V8 Y
96. International trade embargo
+ d) K. I+ X0 E3 S- g1 i8 ?+ G+ T4 o+ M5 ]
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6 U' U: _4 ]: W$ r; E! |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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4 J9 S+ y0 {$ r7 n" m 5 Z) V" h; n) W ~/ b
Symbolic Strikes ?- g9 n7 B& J" f9 p8 a
97. Protest strike
! s3 l# Z3 _+ }2 C+ s' V 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
& {: S- t" X& r0 x/ |6 t
8 g) r* G$ D& ^7 [Agricultural Strikes
2 b1 a- V. F* t8 P7 } 99. Peasant strike/ A" ]+ Y$ A U0 |; ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike# n9 A. O1 T9 ]" t; a7 i
5 @* h7 I5 z5 S V, PStrikes by Special Groups
w0 \2 Q* s6 G, r) e& Y' f 101. Refusal of impressed labor, r" q w5 `0 _, f
102. Prisoners’ strike1 ]; J1 O( Y# \8 \
103. Craft strike
* \- t8 Z0 h9 A* a* Y. U! O% B 104. Professional strike
1 k1 Y' G& F% d( L/ S" }5 c2 q2 _! g: r: \3 i4 [1 I: D- F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
% Z1 _; w* y4 r& L/ k" v j5 z 105. Establishment strike; E& ^5 p8 x2 o# L' V* d1 R
106. Industry strike
( u% A0 I. v; Q4 i' I 107. Sympathetic strike2 e+ ^# s, a# O- W9 f3 @
# F0 _1 i. E! P2 @# ?Restricted Strikes
, D/ O0 B! b3 V- @0 \ 108. Detailed strike
5 j) C$ o- K$ h0 G 109. Bumper strike4 q- y2 q( n- j& H% n& ]
110. Slowdown strike
6 J; |: D6 R' O; y2 x' _ 111. Working-to-rule strike
6 L( d2 ~ t( d: s! \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): l/ _% L1 r" L6 C
113. Strike by resignation
) N0 }9 {% ^/ m7 r 114. Limited strike6 \8 S, ]' {7 N& K
115. Selective strike
/ x" E3 Q$ S5 L" C, a- v: D+ k* P4 l% D) A2 f( ^% }4 E
Multi-Industry Strikes. h, F) ?* z3 u6 a
: \) f( n3 w& x' g2 _) H; }6 ~ 116. Generalized strike
# I/ c/ \. c. F+ C- _5 E! n$ M, C
& |. N+ `$ [+ o0 [0 r( J( d: W 117. General strike3 P+ Y }4 y; ^# W4 }
3 l# O* k5 R) yCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 y J! i4 h3 k
; `, K7 }; O: Q3 c* k- W' t 118. Hartal
# d* k6 @0 [, A7 a
. i0 N* d0 v# d% Z* ]8 S 119. Economic shutdown
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6 j* K! }7 S! U/ V3 B0 X e1 fTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; k+ w I6 W8 \7 G
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Rejection of Authority
( c% Y3 i1 w7 ~5 e& y4 x+ y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ j% x7 k, w0 c0 {# f9 b9 ^
121. Refusal of public support
3 M$ e( e: o5 | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 L: I: ~0 c5 t: B$ }: U
5 m/ A" _1 n' H9 A$ j; KCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& N7 f2 K+ }" n: n) n$ ~/ f. a' \0 h 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% Z0 q5 R$ |7 a7 G0 R. A
124. Boycott of elections/ \: }6 B2 M( C/ \% R7 `5 g5 B7 ~: a
125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ I7 X$ T. T, y* w4 P) |
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; b% [' L* H% u4 W. F- m: a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 C3 a7 B# O0 x/ Q) w; }6 o- V
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 p& Y* ^1 Z1 u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 y5 f# W; U6 c3 ~# _" I% V3 i
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: U2 H6 S. R8 c# f( n# C0 c 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 Y4 p) d6 k% |3 W* x. V8 s; T
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 ]( Y6 _- m7 W3 n5 K7 h! u0 O1 c1 ^) ^
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, C6 j* i9 X0 _, Y. s: v 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ H, n" i- F" T 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& \/ p2 _4 s8 u 135. Popular nonobedience
3 S: L4 h" H( t0 o: ^6 \ 136. Disguised disobedience. e$ K, v9 N3 a% j" i& t
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* e, X" x1 ?1 g
138. Sitdown3 ~+ f3 t y# ]/ A8 e- H, A
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! l5 n3 w0 ~, u& B
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
% k3 T$ [; d6 O/ |# r 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# V/ ~; |# ], k& ^/ m$ C
5 X" z0 u V, F/ U: r
Action by Government Personnel( o/ y2 @5 \( @& A8 c
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 U+ F8 Y+ H( j' g' ?# z: B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ I3 \) A3 d$ N6 o6 v# e 144. Stalling and obstruction+ }0 B- B+ ]1 z- z& }
145. General administrative noncooperation+ e$ X1 y9 A/ m
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146. Judicial noncooperation
2 k, |+ _6 d" R4 V# P. m4 a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 V+ w4 H' P4 c0 ^- u- G6 h
148. Mutiny' r$ H1 Q/ ]/ R0 n, O/ `5 `
Domestic Governmental Action
* G* P. w6 J6 z1 m! z6 Y9 C 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 t. {0 e( S& d4 @( ~$ | 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: C# k1 I: e1 f9 h( f
_, c; U5 j7 Q1 Y) Z: ~# GInternational Governmental Action+ Q6 R9 q0 V& B- v1 U- [
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 H- |4 t1 k- T* A2 J+ B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. N0 V( x6 i) m' N0 ?$ a
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 D+ P" j- @8 h
154. Severance of diplomatic relations" R) z3 Z ?( n& m @0 C
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* o: p9 p" @& Q6 J1 D8 f3 l
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 X- e1 P+ `# ?0 z# |- ] 157. Expulsion from international organizations1 |: S1 e! f1 o" ]* [
9 U9 H* H4 r3 p: d* D, l- f" F
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+ x. {7 `) l5 O8 ^) OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION) S' \1 G: y; M& l9 D
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Psychological Intervention6 _4 z* @7 @* x. V+ Q8 x( o
158. Self-exposure to the elements
: P1 N, \" T( f6 V6 q7 @ 159. The fast# h5 M7 b6 c+ T" @ s, C A5 ~& w
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 N. w: K Q& e* ? b) Hunger strike9 y6 j, i7 Z% u9 ^
c) Satyagrahic fast
' t' Z& B( l. O8 s% w# S# P 160. Reverse trial7 D7 S0 b! \2 |- s# y7 Y1 u
161. Nonviolent harassment' p( ? V! D! w/ q
5 X: l( T' M: D1 O! K# Z) V
Physical Intervention+ r8 d: [5 |' o7 y
162. Sit-in
) Z# u% C U3 l: h 163. Stand-in
9 ~& q- @ y# T W 164. Ride-in
9 d8 T* W/ n/ j$ ?* B 165. Wade-in
! R0 _+ h7 W3 ^9 T: J# I% t' K 166. Mill-in( h7 m8 @% M L! m3 @8 p
167. Pray-in' N; l$ A0 M" U' s5 t
168. Nonviolent raids) `' N9 M) p8 I6 [$ \+ q
169. Nonviolent air raids K' i6 W# t# L5 R
170. Nonviolent invasion
9 K* e# L' f* X 171. Nonviolent interjection
9 {8 z2 S1 n8 E* N 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 ~5 O) J# H/ E' C
173. Nonviolent occupation' k2 e& l. Z: p4 f2 T2 q
8 d4 Z1 Q; x; x2 o1 n$ JSocial Intervention" {9 l* g3 T$ I1 y5 t" v" W
174. Establishing new social patterns
1 m7 d& w( O; Q 175. Overloading of facilities
2 p* g/ P3 O( o/ U- b3 A. n: e 176. Stall-in) X- a' ^2 c1 f: u4 d! P0 y
177. Speak-in
+ e, y3 \2 y9 {! G 178. Guerrilla theater
% V! K* W5 p7 ~- |$ p/ f* q, K 179. Alternative social institutions( k1 ]" c0 R5 g! z* E( @& i
180. Alternative communication system
9 L- h% ?8 W5 \% B- G
- T6 q3 T- U: VEconomic Intervention/ P# J/ b; j- Q5 h* V) ]% G: b/ t
181. Reverse strike
# b& q+ g( C8 C2 x. ^, { 182. Stay-in strike
1 Q' K% e' b0 \- X2 m0 A u# A 183. Nonviolent land seizure0 F) E' ^* q! ^' E3 n% z
184. Defiance of blockades$ D, w0 t9 N( ^6 B
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 M+ x' P7 ~+ X; _2 `4 F 186. Preclusive purchasing
6 } {2 {$ A; Z# X5 d 187. Seizure of assets0 ^* c( x; E( W* G8 Z& H2 k
188. Dumping
$ {( V/ C) { G d/ ~/ n 189. Selective patronage
) p% K# x) x1 l& I/ t 190. Alternative markets
( r6 ^9 g8 I f 191. Alternative transportation systems4 W( a7 V( w* m' Y5 ]
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention
+ s" @/ {5 T% |& b/ Q 193. Overloading of administrative systems/ T4 E8 Y" B, n( N) {
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# j2 V5 T4 r8 @$ A
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 ^6 m% `" d& ~ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws O, k; D6 {' w
197. Work-on without collaboration; O, v' C( d. C7 q! Q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government H8 W& n. S. U2 J( d5 S5 P
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
