 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' p& i+ b( f; S& [Formal Statements
9 W" A/ U& d Q; P% ~" F 1. Public Speeches
& W+ V4 q9 w4 L" ~ 2. Letters of opposition or support+ T/ ?2 E$ b7 V8 Q. n8 U
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ O& g$ T/ @! P j2 B8 j1 \/ N
4. Signed public statements" U! E5 B. \! z4 x, E- F i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention" Y X9 B3 e+ s) z Z
6. Group or mass petitions
; W6 [2 J" Z2 c0 B5 Y; F. N, @: n3 p" a# N' l2 {
Communications with a Wider Audience @: J! @0 X; H1 |! c
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 C8 T; J$ R8 n; x5 B
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 l, X$ \9 z7 R: [. y+ ] 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ _0 s: t K' A5 ]2 K+ X 10. Newspapers and journals1 o/ Q5 ~0 b* M( Y+ u c
11. Records, radio, and television ^0 w; d2 u0 V- ^# V
12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 J5 V7 [4 f$ ]4 I7 {" ]
, ^, ~. s; s7 h; r; EGroup Representations# ?; ?5 w) m' W- q8 q) T [
13. Deputations
& }& r' g' A& b; z4 A7 @( a 14. Mock awards! r- O1 s( B; N( L d+ w2 l$ E9 ]
15. Group lobbying
. y1 B! A) J9 H$ D8 N2 k" I 16. Picketing
7 S, C1 {% k7 h5 f+ I 17. Mock elections+ U& h( T4 p5 n+ I3 z
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Symbolic Public Acts: L8 H5 Z+ D3 I& J9 x& k+ \ J& W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 u" `# S+ x. L/ E% A: C! N
19. Wearing of symbols9 g5 a: G6 ^+ p2 o4 {) J' X8 X
20. Prayer and worship
4 P$ W# W4 O" e& a 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! I0 v- D4 V+ ? 22. Protest disrobings9 R, k) f4 ~4 ?4 C( a; g! Z
23. Destruction of own property
* x, Z/ Q/ f |5 N% P6 W; F 24. Symbolic lights$ Q& M5 ?, ?) z
25. Displays of portraits' n8 D" @7 I1 y7 I; D
26. Paint as protest
0 X, X, v6 C* N9 n3 \# W- u2 D 27. New signs and names- w/ J" S3 q( {0 M5 R
28. Symbolic sounds; e& ~5 I5 }: R7 ~
29. Symbolic reclamations
: n9 B% @" D3 T& L# t. u Y1 H 30. Rude gestures
2 P# d5 o! k+ V5 H. g" U4 k
; G9 E: O. {$ j gPressures on Individuals6 u1 q3 S0 y$ F: V e) z
31. “Haunting” officials K( B8 V* t3 @) t
32. Taunting officials; f2 J! X5 j4 z, J4 H# O+ D4 a) z3 y
33. Fraternization
: r1 s& `8 s2 y1 w; X 34. Vigils
0 y+ y5 m- L- D+ m8 s) |/ |( ?8 g$ P" H
Drama and Music5 z6 p9 \) n8 t H6 A- f& A
35. Humorous skits and pranks
; }/ O8 Z: x# q 36. Performances of plays and music7 d' ~9 d( K- \9 ]4 {
37. Singing6 s9 ^4 m4 e8 h; y3 K9 b- @
5 _& _3 a9 V, ?4 \, l- pProcessions
- P; M" U+ }$ A; H5 S 38. Marches/ K' {! t& Q' h/ P
39. Parades4 p' o' y& ?* o2 d/ v6 M! t
40. Religious processions
& R% P3 @& _) D. A# M! B3 g4 d 41. Pilgrimages. w( T* h+ E; R8 W
42. Motorcades
9 i) t9 [# m9 ?, w& x% L1 b
8 `4 t9 c( y0 X+ H( }- MHonoring the Dead
8 I2 \! h% B$ e 43. Political mourning
/ Q/ [4 w( ?1 p4 T" v& `. a 44. Mock funerals/ v9 w0 z" A# c8 I! c
45. Demonstrative funerals" N" e x0 F! h8 d
46. Homage at burial places
1 E9 E* r# X% s6 r& P; x: `/ S0 R( E% H/ n: f6 Q+ x" t/ I1 h
Public Assemblies6 s% k% r9 C3 ]
47. Assemblies of protest or support" n7 s$ s! x4 b- i
48. Protest meetings+ T6 \7 C5 A; k$ o
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ ~' U8 O9 K8 L) v# [# @
50. Teach-ins/ o0 A" `1 M! }6 ]! [ W- }- ]
7 l/ I9 ^4 I0 G# S
Withdrawal and Renunciation& D, A: m3 U; @/ I: o
51. Walk-outs: b8 k" J# b* X& [: q8 w
52. Silence* R( t2 a' U* G) r
53. Renouncing honors
{. H6 h c% r/ L6 f& x8 u, ` 54. Turning one’s back( [6 [6 q$ `/ x; |6 @
' M$ e9 g+ [ y" g+ L2 g ) g1 B; R8 s) j0 b. J% N
7 s1 V: n. P3 I" n8 b9 XTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 ^: Y9 u9 e4 d6 S
. G5 [8 s( y. q# ~
Ostracism of Persons
$ {+ r; ^" q/ A* P' m 55. Social boycott
7 G9 K( z7 t P 56. Selective social boycott% e, p8 L( A3 C- h7 e
57. Lysistratic nonaction& |7 e6 U1 _& M, t& H" e9 p: T
58. Excommunication* P x' i- U" y9 J/ }3 u% n: }
59. Interdict
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' v4 r/ Y8 C$ ~0 F1 K: X) vNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; X* b6 u* D! X4 }
60. Suspension of social and sports activities# O; F( T. a P P Q& s& T( c0 R
61. Boycott of social affairs, D( E- S$ c* s2 {
62. Student strike
. r1 }# x3 N/ Q1 @0 Y0 y7 z 63. Social disobedience- p5 T- X: C( [' e: ?* h' i
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 W8 t- K* G7 r6 L# {- i' ?
/ S* ~# e2 c3 } `8 ^6 [
Withdrawal from the Social System
7 W- P9 l4 H7 a) E+ C$ v6 C 65. Stay-at-home5 _) L0 w. r6 M. f, k, P
66. Total personal noncooperation
9 ^: \" h) f# V; b1 X 67. “Flight” of workers
4 T% ?& _2 u( |+ ^ 68. Sanctuary7 r0 g6 Q8 |( b7 H) f/ v
69. Collective disappearance
; V: D# @3 D, i+ `% b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 t1 K( y' m- O4 q( K2 k( ]7 m
3 m1 N7 h0 y! C4 D( Y( e ; A4 a, ]) X1 k! e5 R8 L
Actions by Consumers2 H* H% ^9 ~4 w! [
71. Consumers’ boycott$ t' Z" W. d- y* W5 A* @
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 \$ Y6 ~, l% m, W- @, ?
73. Policy of austerity: r$ z9 O4 ^7 ?: @% e
74. Rent withholding
9 t: q7 n1 r& n/ {/ t 75. Refusal to rent# F, e- {* j6 ~7 t
76. National consumers’ boycott
& ]7 K5 {7 g' B 77. International consumers’ boycott
L" B3 W: B6 g2 A
# a6 Z% e. O0 ^) FAction by Workers and Producers
q( p! E$ c2 a, N' N 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 ?: e7 _3 t% M# } @ 79. Producers’ boycott
) m* b, v; u0 m" m& Y$ T) E- f0 n1 C) [* K# e7 W
Action by Middlemen
$ l1 V- I& e J8 F' V3 ~) c" C. M 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# f8 P* z; r' c/ a4 T$ S7 R+ T8 ?& w1 u& B
Action by Owners and Management4 t3 z n; T4 n5 a8 Z6 k5 C
81. Traders’ boycott/ \% F3 p" C. a
82. Refusal to let or sell property
- s4 `0 q3 R) T# | 83. Lockout7 p0 E3 H' H y8 q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# i! E2 j+ ~ R3 ]( A 85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ y- g: ^2 [# q& l. P, i" x5 L6 S
2 V9 `9 U! @" |' q2 u. }1 d, |: YAction by Holders of Financial Resources
) n( d# h4 E2 }1 W3 X 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 y' j8 D6 i+ J6 @, f; g q/ K+ z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& i0 }7 I X; S! ]5 M3 C' {2 m4 C( p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; W) r$ d7 K# f$ _" G 89. Severance of funds and credit* ~7 @& I1 x* x W/ D& g' [
90. Revenue refusal: Z/ Q9 N: I& G$ |
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 \# T0 O" f9 N) R' r( Y/ q9 F, A/ \) ]9 c
Action by Governments
$ {( l, \4 c% G" u8 `2 q2 V* z 92. Domestic embargo
+ \9 P L1 O$ {+ b! o$ k" R: O2 ~ 93. Blacklisting of traders2 ]7 O: v+ j/ V) y
94. International sellers’ embargo
) P% k. O. I: u 95. International buyers’ embargo) u: ]) {/ e- g0 I) l; q/ `
96. International trade embargo0 i$ l) y& X: {% z/ Q
* z2 {9 i9 t3 L: J; E, ~ n
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 d) `8 f% |. l* nSymbolic Strikes+ l- K. @+ O3 o$ O
97. Protest strike [6 z9 B1 z% f* @: p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
/ u; M# H! a _1 E
$ u2 g# f& m! ~" ~' H! h0 PAgricultural Strikes3 u* I& ]4 z- m: R/ X, X% q
99. Peasant strike
# p/ Q; f# i, m [+ u 100. Farm Workers’ strike4 W2 ?% O1 b/ Z. u3 j4 [
2 f: V! e2 M8 b
Strikes by Special Groups- P* {3 Q) f, ^ L g4 L
101. Refusal of impressed labor
" E& r# D7 I4 e5 a6 }) X5 m 102. Prisoners’ strike! |) D5 ^! K$ D0 O* g) x
103. Craft strike
6 D" D) ]: u" G. L6 S% C2 { 104. Professional strike
: B' P* E0 b6 o) Z) _: U3 H
9 g+ v/ q! f0 z7 }Ordinary Industrial Strikes) X5 @/ x. ~. O, C$ \: C
105. Establishment strike3 f4 [$ \4 z0 e8 d. v9 @4 n
106. Industry strike, j9 w' u, w) K* a( D! H& |) s
107. Sympathetic strike
: P/ R6 p5 y% R- ~" ]5 o1 n T! v. F0 s( L' L3 n7 U1 K: u
Restricted Strikes/ W: a- w2 i: G- t' v# N; Z
108. Detailed strike
3 `7 H" g% i; s& l: Z 109. Bumper strike4 V2 z; l1 Q& d3 ^% T1 J+ S, H* p# i
110. Slowdown strike3 j5 M4 p5 m0 h( G, z. `! F
111. Working-to-rule strike
- ~6 V, K- \9 Q5 r# a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 W# O1 }; J. A: K6 X: P- i 113. Strike by resignation& E5 E$ [9 m+ E: s* \: i1 D
114. Limited strike) ?/ V2 v) u! h- A: X7 o6 \
115. Selective strike" b$ r, [# O9 o& Z0 o" K2 N
7 `5 p" E' C! c: [$ k' y# B) B+ b+ KMulti-Industry Strikes
# S5 K. c2 ]2 g! ?
" v) P: f: W/ S* { 116. Generalized strike6 d( `) E7 e' n6 L" }8 c% M6 F3 H8 M
5 _( ~% }6 D' _4 E
117. General strike/ l4 ?2 _" M5 [
7 ~# h- p: C. |% P) R" d: |- k
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ E2 d' k1 N t
`# Q& g" ^. Q( L* k 118. Hartal
8 l0 n0 U( z$ i' y' B
( t% P+ M" b5 q! E( M/ Q. L 119. Economic shutdown4 D' |8 Y1 O- P2 j4 A( R9 ?
* X4 [$ Y, d* V4 x0 d5 V3 e
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, u: h7 Q7 r% Z8 P; oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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! @8 E9 i% W; p9 G 0 S) S7 e- c) o3 R) m$ \& v1 h9 x
Rejection of Authority# S; j8 t* J2 r4 {( N0 h W
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: V4 I5 d: f4 k0 }$ d# m5 ] 121. Refusal of public support3 b) N7 P4 {% G f1 [; x
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 `# `( n6 E+ S& s
( L, y7 h! t6 D0 zCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government) Z5 o) K; q: c' c
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ \# x5 l$ o) ] 124. Boycott of elections+ }, J+ b C+ U' l% S+ p
125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ b. R2 }: P! T* k
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 g2 Z# \# H. g/ ?$ d$ y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, E8 o' r, ^* h( i 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 h- W/ I+ f% g" g
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& X7 Q7 r, {+ A0 q* P- E% ]. M 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 r" g: h( l _9 ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 ^# {8 T0 p- U# {: r7 [
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
w& U" a, Y. h4 ]+ x" L5 C. Y8 J. V, Y N: U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 \) [. F' H; K7 U* T8 T
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# @- B7 V9 p# s5 I
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. S7 T! c0 q2 d) D I" E
135. Popular nonobedience+ I9 I5 V* c1 d4 X
136. Disguised disobedience
1 b! c2 R4 l1 B, n 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# C/ S7 |! N+ R! X
138. Sitdown& f5 ]* k# ~$ ~9 V. c F! L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation, \8 C. l: j& k! |/ s% B( Y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 H8 P: p" t4 v' w. g1 l& B 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws/ Q D, i0 T: g; w& g
; }* h# u' R7 i) j) s
Action by Government Personnel4 L4 t1 v2 E5 R: O$ m
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 u- _6 L& j1 x# ?" s* _4 ]; [ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 b5 _* Q! y6 w- a0 Q$ _0 C 144. Stalling and obstruction
3 u# d6 @, w9 T3 ^ 145. General administrative noncooperation9 L! F! d' N$ P7 t8 ]( L
3 P. O& n1 x4 Z3 z1 B: m" y
146. Judicial noncooperation1 G3 r/ l# }( h* G" O7 D* M
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' s3 n5 H' I8 F. Y& { b* B0 z
148. Mutiny
/ U7 p% `/ \1 t* R3 a* D' L( YDomestic Governmental Action
' P1 G# y) n- t% y; I* q# y( Z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 f( R! d: I+ n9 R 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 r2 j, C% W! u i" v
4 E% f+ @3 s+ e3 wInternational Governmental Action4 \) {9 K) K/ r
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 J& R- A3 r' m" X$ N3 ^4 u 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 K$ I/ M) [! a# h I# R0 F
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 e1 J$ y3 W F" ^( T 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. A& G4 @; F7 y2 l o* x. D% a
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ ]4 |8 S1 k9 I$ S9 ` 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 s1 W" G8 O# N" }, {5 ^
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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4 J& {4 Q( u, E! z, wPsychological Intervention2 a% }% y, n V/ b0 T$ d7 t2 |
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 A# _. q6 b4 C% z4 h 159. The fast4 R! C4 e# O5 s/ D3 N
a) Fast of moral pressure( G* g7 W5 |! _4 [" z& X
b) Hunger strike/ m. q- a; B0 G9 H' a1 o
c) Satyagrahic fast
; L4 {* B, H: e& a 160. Reverse trial) ]" [- B# z& t" [) u
161. Nonviolent harassment+ _1 a9 ?5 B, V) C
7 s+ M1 T* | T$ |2 G# n2 ~' k# X
Physical Intervention
& p% R& D( @! ~$ Y1 u 162. Sit-in
# o, a% Z9 v2 S3 o 163. Stand-in
" V2 \" h% s( D8 m' \. w 164. Ride-in2 d* O( l4 ~' L% i. B
165. Wade-in+ i- i, Z- \8 O( C* b
166. Mill-in/ e" w. e4 P+ m4 d( P+ Z, {$ |
167. Pray-in
* B+ c: E( ?3 p0 s2 ]% B 168. Nonviolent raids* ]- e& `( t! c4 j* b- g
169. Nonviolent air raids+ K$ ~* U O- z6 \, R
170. Nonviolent invasion
8 C G3 W- @! Z, A1 w+ k* s 171. Nonviolent interjection% w Z$ d6 k I$ |& P9 J
172. Nonviolent obstruction3 d U( g% G d% Z* g3 T5 {
173. Nonviolent occupation6 R6 y6 \* |$ }
^4 N4 l7 L! k( i' i e) W6 oSocial Intervention
% U7 p7 |8 B% D" ~ 174. Establishing new social patterns# I0 P! E4 K/ |) s
175. Overloading of facilities# F) h2 M/ [+ i6 l* ?
176. Stall-in7 a. ?" U8 [9 O, H" s( P
177. Speak-in3 @+ l) r" M% s* F
178. Guerrilla theater3 v5 \. b: H3 C! Z
179. Alternative social institutions# A1 `, W/ ]; r% p
180. Alternative communication system
% A5 D. x5 W- E3 m3 i
) D ]: v5 _( F, oEconomic Intervention" n! ~+ n- P! F& d r
181. Reverse strike
3 y- ~; d7 f: `+ x. q& } 182. Stay-in strike
6 C; q6 t4 x; a* o 183. Nonviolent land seizure3 Q7 g* O: o4 v- B; L6 O5 z) S
184. Defiance of blockades
7 j1 T5 Q$ A3 Q) O- U 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
. A% E) j9 P3 ^ 186. Preclusive purchasing
: }6 l" _$ p$ s 187. Seizure of assets) Q: l/ g& F% |* U( \( R- E
188. Dumping0 R* e& p" T5 l' {: w2 i
189. Selective patronage3 r3 ~0 H3 x0 d5 N- J+ _
190. Alternative markets1 u, F& T2 d3 Y9 M" d4 A
191. Alternative transportation systems
4 B7 h2 p) e7 i( R. q+ l' @ 192. Alternative economic institutions
% K" ^1 J4 l1 r! P4 r; P& x" Y2 i- L% Z
Political Intervention1 {- d8 ^& i* k; ~6 ^. I0 F
193. Overloading of administrative systems
& g) l; l! @, q/ d% U 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; V/ x7 B+ ^7 T9 _0 J1 y4 z6 E 195. Seeking imprisonment/ R6 k4 v$ e+ @4 F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& z4 z0 L+ e! A' p6 k- [
197. Work-on without collaboration8 }1 ], h$ O# l
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
