 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: s; K" p( |' x$ E5 \, K) C; [% [
Formal Statements# c1 r* U- r# F8 R5 }& d
1. Public Speeches
?2 g8 y/ \6 T0 v9 R 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ F- d6 I0 M+ ]0 G' E7 I 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; z1 j0 v% |& v0 L
4. Signed public statements, d9 w( I: ?7 e7 ^, x
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. d k2 _2 v" z% @. J7 `/ m' }5 O 6. Group or mass petitions* V/ B r6 S( a
! w& D0 i7 k" u; Z- eCommunications with a Wider Audience
8 E( V& O( m8 C4 @4 l+ v 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 c4 W- m- `1 ] @; a& E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 T2 Y2 Y* n! z1 o
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: s3 N% s/ n5 N
10. Newspapers and journals) l" f! c( q( S, L
11. Records, radio, and television
- ^- }! e' @* B. k. e5 w3 t 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
) d4 v, Z, ]9 g& o7 b A
$ I# p, M; Z7 Y2 R1 C+ P0 u# PGroup Representations2 g8 }- q$ ]/ g" J5 U4 j1 z. k( |6 V
13. Deputations
& p: }2 o- y, t. L" w 14. Mock awards
9 ]. d+ [6 B! d7 |* Y- u& v 15. Group lobbying8 r8 v& M5 h4 w4 z0 R: Z9 |' u
16. Picketing, P( S, o2 k% z& e% T3 e t
17. Mock elections
; `% P/ F% A" k) G) B# `
, ^) V8 a v+ r+ TSymbolic Public Acts% X. W7 b6 x( E5 ^2 m, j: R. @
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 m3 {# Y2 k3 U; Q) p 19. Wearing of symbols
2 u" P* I3 H, k* r3 X* T- s5 D8 y 20. Prayer and worship" @. Z) n2 C8 p/ I4 o
21. Delivering symbolic objects
! L6 v# S; C6 O( N2 | 22. Protest disrobings
- A8 |, I' P% @8 [/ S& o 23. Destruction of own property
" ?6 s! l# C) d 24. Symbolic lights
6 q3 p4 d0 o! m$ k: N6 A I 25. Displays of portraits* q5 r4 a0 ^5 @! G. a
26. Paint as protest
& V% f; b7 R7 r! N# ^; G 27. New signs and names
' W3 {( {* N* K) q 28. Symbolic sounds
8 ^8 I3 a5 C4 M6 v6 }( E X Y" w3 f 29. Symbolic reclamations1 J2 C, m6 N, L! i5 T& X
30. Rude gestures3 B4 _! z/ ]3 x3 T! v$ ~
) C2 L5 F* F: ~
Pressures on Individuals: L" V' C- s+ X; g: n4 G: J2 V
31. “Haunting” officials$ W, G' z1 M$ ]
32. Taunting officials
2 r7 s, D3 T3 P; ~ 33. Fraternization: G" K: E2 A6 u2 @4 f
34. Vigils
" `8 @; r# K/ @, r; V
* G" ~8 w9 \; BDrama and Music& N+ l/ G2 I1 y% } k$ U
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ A0 [( X7 W+ D7 D. X; N
36. Performances of plays and music' G9 {. X% L& Z+ F
37. Singing
9 D8 ^% T& m1 X6 I1 \2 T9 f" _# q! @ K* T- ~1 ^& ^
Processions/ j7 _4 b% k+ x
38. Marches- M) W3 z4 v5 \5 }0 S; a
39. Parades
3 B2 t, {( `- N+ a; V3 ^5 b 40. Religious processions+ n) X' L! o: K
41. Pilgrimages6 r; |/ K, ?4 u2 b$ D, V. V
42. Motorcades$ e# H, U$ R( v
8 N2 c& j& y( E5 z m$ }4 w! pHonoring the Dead* @3 A8 |& B6 N1 q; G- M5 ?9 n) \& X
43. Political mourning4 v0 ^. F" Z! g3 j; ^. ~
44. Mock funerals
& W* N7 i: k7 O; q- Q 45. Demonstrative funerals
, F$ R" D+ z0 k( I 46. Homage at burial places. t! g9 k- [$ j( R! h% l# m7 f
$ o, i# ?3 I; t/ B$ L5 C6 W* U3 Z4 h
Public Assemblies [; {1 `' R- y
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 \' \: }8 a O8 a
48. Protest meetings
4 X" Z* Z% u; i K: F 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% k% b/ b) |7 Z! w' ~
50. Teach-ins
' s1 L B3 l) s6 h- G2 }$ O$ E" N4 q
7 s% |- Z# [$ xWithdrawal and Renunciation
2 l# ?; Q: i- V ]( Z6 d" l 51. Walk-outs
1 m0 L8 K9 w2 ]2 I5 C 52. Silence
3 H \& Z i# W+ w) l1 M G 53. Renouncing honors4 D/ Z8 ~8 y" a" F0 @8 }, y
54. Turning one’s back8 s4 B) y' @- K0 N7 T) M- e: g
2 |) {) T Z, @" \, y
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+ f5 H! I! @ x5 r9 T' nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# y4 m: c4 K6 y- [" L5 D
3 |* Z* {$ D& |* W* b
6 M* T+ S6 `# T
, W$ P# Y: u2 |/ J* a3 TOstracism of Persons+ g; Y- t2 R6 h' V' H: Z
55. Social boycott6 J- J8 ~0 m3 W3 W0 O) S9 d4 O
56. Selective social boycott8 }2 U8 j- @# I# I
57. Lysistratic nonaction! ~' ?, H6 d" Q- i, P" {
58. Excommunication
; T9 h5 [- |0 e/ t4 L 59. Interdict7 F V9 D( {' {: M, Q1 O# A9 ?
7 N$ _) J, J6 T* z; ]Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 h# `, K, C! c: ~# s" l0 M6 ?2 |
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 ^% I. P! \9 b7 C/ _ 61. Boycott of social affairs" d/ O5 @" }% r/ Y+ @# v
62. Student strike- q5 P* m3 Z5 Q$ g! P7 A8 `
63. Social disobedience, G/ I! W$ v6 [, ^- f: X2 G" J+ c; L
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; e: w3 J5 G, z- ^4 C9 n0 j8 [3 h s- G X$ V3 F0 \3 G* Y
Withdrawal from the Social System+ [/ P9 I3 C& `$ V. e$ \7 T6 Y7 \9 C
65. Stay-at-home
9 N' K: A9 j4 f0 [ 66. Total personal noncooperation% ]; e- I9 ?" F
67. “Flight” of workers2 x. P! M: K* ], y
68. Sanctuary
" T' L+ f, F6 {% @( F4 o 69. Collective disappearance! X! W* L( J, n
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 K- ^ O" ?; Q- e2 R$ p5 e& r2 J
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) k' c# g& b+ ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 q; ?5 v/ w+ o2 F' d& R
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0 W9 L3 `6 ~5 S! D
Actions by Consumers- J; n* G. C7 q* w
71. Consumers’ boycott# l4 C# n9 H* O
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: G4 P$ X' r$ o5 Z6 C 73. Policy of austerity
; t. c3 y" f2 Z0 q- L 74. Rent withholding3 c( s/ F, B% x' y! B4 Y7 v5 V' `
75. Refusal to rent) E: ~* Z# u, [! m8 i
76. National consumers’ boycott7 g: h8 A: H- B% a/ Q$ R
77. International consumers’ boycott! a; J: s" w; y" S/ i
5 ]# t! X1 a T7 UAction by Workers and Producers8 L/ N" z0 L- \* b1 I
78. Workmen’s boycott* `0 u2 J2 C* o- r! W
79. Producers’ boycott
0 s9 n6 q- [# e8 J3 |' K7 k: e* q. |
Action by Middlemen, G; c" r" R1 R. Q& q' ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# ?* y5 G! N& |/ x6 K% S- P/ b! B" A! g% j7 X- I, b3 H, \
Action by Owners and Management
: S! E+ g1 O! j& z! Q 81. Traders’ boycott
X+ f/ j6 h& T2 e* ~ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
, A K8 ~. i# h, A8 a* t 83. Lockout
! ?4 \5 p' ?4 o3 X% [ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; ^) y" h+ r3 `; I! [
85. Merchants’ “general strike”! B) R* F% s, a/ K
% k' k) f5 h" f2 |7 Y5 {, }! D
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
3 m6 P4 F$ \2 E' x0 z% M, w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& |' P" G0 \, W& V 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) x) S- \: z& a; @$ f/ Q+ m7 ` 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; E4 U* I9 c2 z$ _7 o( {
89. Severance of funds and credit
* g: T: j" I8 _, P" V9 a 90. Revenue refusal& r: c3 P6 t* G, s
91. Refusal of a government’s money: N6 t1 w4 x& a
$ N0 O n* a" ` z0 B$ o, YAction by Governments
" {# q4 L: Y- U 92. Domestic embargo$ a( L: w, z, S L7 Z% f+ V, x
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 b9 i4 |4 ?5 o- x 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 N/ Z- w/ ~4 y! n2 ]0 H 95. International buyers’ embargo* e# ^) {+ W8 c; O5 w
96. International trade embargo
- [2 K! F2 n/ f0 y. r, \% x8 n o! o2 m
5 u3 L# f3 G( r+ y* X# [0 N8 _6 M$ F1 ?* l' p
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# M# e$ F1 L# K5 i6 m* \" x" n
3 X9 K$ W- u0 M9 k
& o8 T+ c8 Y1 w; FSymbolic Strikes
0 @8 s( e3 J# ^( J+ D+ q: D 97. Protest strike# \6 w8 \/ k1 z D( ]+ I; H$ P
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
`9 p4 w' x( A: [, A# i1 a$ y3 `! x3 w& l9 X% ~# Q+ ^
Agricultural Strikes: A1 E4 y& n# y/ N: A0 W
99. Peasant strike# `* _! n9 ?0 v: f. k
100. Farm Workers’ strike
# }. i( D! Q g$ g
y3 v/ P. k0 d) D* T" IStrikes by Special Groups
+ U$ d1 ?/ [6 t2 e+ r 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 w% z) K5 \* {" |. o 102. Prisoners’ strike
% a& g: N% E! U* ]. U% y 103. Craft strike
+ W0 }1 a( O( }7 U 104. Professional strike- D$ x2 o" [4 m! g) O. E- z0 `
' ~4 ?, A$ g/ W; I. m7 a: ?* ^
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 J% u, q' G* R, { 105. Establishment strike8 ^- X0 ?1 f3 g9 G8 ?
106. Industry strike
! W' j0 | W3 d# R 107. Sympathetic strike
9 n( ]& X8 v* ?. i' a# K9 ]- X
; }2 [# F+ U8 O' D( ^, f4 b0 tRestricted Strikes
% I* Y7 f" ]5 G" v$ P# C. F 108. Detailed strike
6 e4 D# B3 U( a7 x 109. Bumper strike
( [# v4 u4 c2 m9 q) n$ I 110. Slowdown strike
, s# r7 Q, f+ m) e, K9 ]$ f 111. Working-to-rule strike
( ^; Q0 Z0 U2 J" O( G6 @2 F3 ` 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 r4 b ` b4 J0 C: L! d 113. Strike by resignation
" }7 P& o$ w: U6 l4 |, u; ]4 C 114. Limited strike5 ~2 M6 r- g- v: P
115. Selective strike" d8 U* g5 [- ~2 _
5 `- {& Y+ l; H: S
Multi-Industry Strikes
' p3 |5 d9 _( B) D. p; _: }1 r2 g# R" |, m: W; h: B. I, ~' \
116. Generalized strike: U& ]2 ~) r+ Q) V: Q, s- Q
7 V% K8 h+ F. v, b& O3 a1 E
117. General strike, m0 r8 B# c% Z; Y9 g
% ?7 f' t8 Q: C9 y& _6 D$ n# H
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 D/ c/ K. a7 v: b0 T
+ ?2 ?+ D& R+ _) b7 L 118. Hartal
# ^ L: J4 O) Z6 [
: u' B* b |+ e$ H8 ?& K 119. Economic shutdown
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1 `+ I% w( T# j7 ^( ]: Y Y
z8 Q% A; @" ?. U; K: p1 vTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 X' |1 d% o8 ~; c1 F
% h, H! D5 o1 S, W3 q: }5 C% { f8 v) ~# @( W/ N! q" N4 r
Rejection of Authority
* _& F, N }4 l$ [$ h9 V: F' k 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 ~) h9 @' P) c8 U4 H 121. Refusal of public support
/ K) y+ u/ J8 k$ ~/ y" F9 K 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) V# S9 \: l. U" R3 W( U
" n& o7 O* T! P/ N# b
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 m5 @; n# h6 f 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: G6 h3 c' ]* T2 W
124. Boycott of elections
- s; }, X4 e$ V' O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 C/ s' p- v1 y- m! R3 } 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( r# z2 v9 N4 Z# y* g3 G. D2 e
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( L+ D2 R; W$ i! f 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 G2 G% }+ _0 I8 M5 H% F 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 y0 b: b6 |5 A, y$ } 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( @ Q) ]+ V$ c* l" O$ m 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! O1 ]5 v, o. @# x0 z 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
6 p0 g' g. ~( U# w- b
: O9 A% R. M$ ]9 ]% r) e5 ]Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
H+ R. w1 n& O 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 \9 h6 y @1 t 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ b m, R. U+ C/ L" y 135. Popular nonobedience
% A- T, i( z6 i3 M6 b$ | 136. Disguised disobedience* s: ?6 R) j) \. h {1 ^
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ v2 H6 i; g- B/ E- J3 t: J3 J" t
138. Sitdown' j& z! _" F, ?. H( w/ D4 C
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& q+ S, v K' h. J 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 N# o4 a; s/ f1 J$ g3 F% B; O
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, o2 r$ L9 h" m8 a/ I& [+ Y( W
5 P7 f$ Y+ Z6 M0 n8 j& ]/ A% e
Action by Government Personnel
! I6 Q' S) \& U3 G& ` 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- e: h" Z" n' a& ]" q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 r% |# e, `6 f: _, c* j; | 144. Stalling and obstruction
, ]( U D7 [4 ~- Y; [6 C 145. General administrative noncooperation! U2 ~) k6 _6 [- X( c1 U
( {. v$ F m! a7 S/ N! i
146. Judicial noncooperation6 u4 o# \; j* `, J$ t' L" a: \ v
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 ^6 I) U9 P3 V, x$ P 148. Mutiny$ t E! H5 ~6 Y0 b, ?7 E
Domestic Governmental Action6 t7 F0 @7 U/ ^7 ^( c
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' X3 ^# c+ ^' v; i' B
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
1 o; O% p* Z2 K" Y, O$ Y# ?3 n* c% R- D7 t" B" \; V
International Governmental Action
' `& s; |$ K; P6 }- | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, @! [5 E4 B4 u S* @
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
0 X' R+ X# {' h# a* C 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, i8 d' ?6 b! c# X* |. V H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations G# I% T4 a$ u( p/ @7 U
155. Withdrawal from international organizations) L4 d. N& `4 U: h: d9 T7 h; f9 d4 O
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( B+ \! |# N# P8 s 157. Expulsion from international organizations" e% ^+ X6 x2 @0 L. S
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5 @' A; {9 v* GTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& k- Z5 `; p \! Y
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. ?7 y8 {* @' Q! C) C; \/ wPsychological Intervention
4 D6 t9 \4 s1 L+ H- O+ D 158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ f4 X0 e8 [8 } 159. The fast
, U' B: y4 I7 o" c a) Fast of moral pressure+ w; ]" m% l% _$ D: f
b) Hunger strike
6 S" _$ `& w, b' H c) Satyagrahic fast
T5 I0 k8 D! U( \* s 160. Reverse trial) d$ N6 P* g. E5 ]" U# l
161. Nonviolent harassment
: k' F% g/ x6 e* R5 t# C: x5 [, t* R- } Z3 i7 |/ m. S
Physical Intervention2 p7 ]! t' h7 g: C6 Y
162. Sit-in- O: e( d& c4 @+ O4 n4 g" P$ C
163. Stand-in* |& I5 ^5 |8 Z# {' s
164. Ride-in
. V9 C) X; `! O0 P' z6 g3 N 165. Wade-in
, S$ U, C. K& P, G% S$ o 166. Mill-in
. G! l) ^$ O8 P7 x7 g& B( C+ u" ? 167. Pray-in
- ]. a- Y$ w1 L 168. Nonviolent raids
: s1 S9 r' D. V$ R. E# S: e 169. Nonviolent air raids
, n7 n6 P' h: q( D 170. Nonviolent invasion( ?- z0 P5 S: n
171. Nonviolent interjection
5 j2 g8 ^8 G; x" s' D 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& b+ q [+ ` ^3 P; k 173. Nonviolent occupation5 B# S/ B+ k7 c: h! B" ~
" \2 y9 w$ p) O
Social Intervention2 V9 X# A$ P. ~- S' j
174. Establishing new social patterns
1 o i7 r$ e6 N/ ?6 ? 175. Overloading of facilities; [* }" p2 P8 N" t/ K, e* ^3 Y
176. Stall-in5 y( S3 l; N/ D% ~ h' {; H1 h1 J
177. Speak-in
5 u" O5 C/ @ B0 Y5 e# ] 178. Guerrilla theater
- I# I4 l8 J# M/ `; V$ K 179. Alternative social institutions% O. Z( |/ G8 e4 D* ?' s
180. Alternative communication system
% p! h* R$ ]1 ?4 d4 X" o
- e8 o5 A, D$ z! N- ~5 h+ LEconomic Intervention5 g/ @$ o" B1 g& p& {( C
181. Reverse strike
: m' }6 ~5 T' H% }+ Z7 G% }) x5 a Y 182. Stay-in strike1 }2 p7 e: q4 v' c) h( ~
183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 E- @5 W0 x5 Q0 g 184. Defiance of blockades4 A! i$ ?/ \9 |) z! ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* G" f3 V; F9 |5 _: V$ B3 G 186. Preclusive purchasing9 I, W) h! Y; Q' u, B; G/ T& r
187. Seizure of assets
8 h% _( X1 q9 E. F 188. Dumping
" H: S; i$ [+ ~6 ]! U 189. Selective patronage
% f5 i- a( ?# ?- c5 s: t 190. Alternative markets
0 Y4 [* m# k2 W0 G/ q+ B8 _6 @ 191. Alternative transportation systems; @3 R: A- T' N* Y' s$ x
192. Alternative economic institutions* S, m3 Z& X' R$ u% ^2 g2 s# V* a/ W
9 u" c$ t& H) |0 d. q; D9 V- c. j
Political Intervention1 E. Z g6 A2 `: b% p4 F- H1 Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems1 ~/ W2 T% V8 q! i! I7 {& [
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
_; ?. C0 {% i- R8 R. } 195. Seeking imprisonment3 t9 ^) u0 l6 b4 E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& O+ a. v f" m8 P% J% M0 J. p+ t
197. Work-on without collaboration& K& {& ?; Q/ A% A1 f
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 z E' m5 U7 W& P
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
