 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ [ d' e5 U( X7 S5 D& D' \8 u: d
Formal Statements
% `- @$ o& `3 H9 l( V! d 1. Public Speeches s" L( n/ a( b% z
2. Letters of opposition or support
! `/ y, B0 Y M" Q/ h. Y' M a5 V+ O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ e% V! h. A4 u) A( ]! t1 d 4. Signed public statements
% z: Y! w" J+ n' K& p D 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 n; v7 u7 I* c: L6 b 6. Group or mass petitions, E; p# M( T `9 O) ]+ t
; |, U2 } S' l. n5 B
Communications with a Wider Audience
+ C; P, Y# G: i/ F( ~" p) _3 F 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) B9 X; r1 z" ]* o
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 d1 _/ h" F1 V) m: I8 S! U' Y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& ]1 [! ^6 Y# K! H5 K 10. Newspapers and journals
) J2 A( J; Z! p: F$ j% s7 f; z5 g 11. Records, radio, and television# Q4 O5 A6 Y. J
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
C: J x; [8 K: f% r; M9 G+ }% P7 O% r( |. m+ `
Group Representations' `* L' }! x: L" N6 m# J+ o# y6 z
13. Deputations
9 R& r8 s( E' d) c 14. Mock awards
5 \6 r! r+ @( U- v# U 15. Group lobbying
6 N8 \( | Y" h, X8 l9 y 16. Picketing
9 o) h! ^. A v5 Q! w6 ` p 17. Mock elections' F& k$ ?' Z+ g. y
. C+ ]2 ~: T; j1 D1 S, [/ H# MSymbolic Public Acts
( D \( u. b6 [7 z& m8 y- t 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 J0 q; D7 Z9 b# a0 R7 V& a
19. Wearing of symbols6 S* i" c8 i/ k' [
20. Prayer and worship
: z5 v$ n6 ~2 Y/ Z5 _/ l 21. Delivering symbolic objects
U' ?# z+ n& I! V3 h 22. Protest disrobings% E. |+ u5 p' W- z. V4 k. U
23. Destruction of own property
' N! N2 y- E* V 24. Symbolic lights: M) ]" I) k; W" d) s/ t1 f
25. Displays of portraits& I9 m7 \( d# `* G
26. Paint as protest. {# ^- J* t8 p3 |- O
27. New signs and names; b) |. Q7 U. M* h7 {: N2 `3 ?2 h5 ?
28. Symbolic sounds
. f, h2 J ?$ a$ n5 e3 j; |# u 29. Symbolic reclamations
5 n. s c- A' @. S1 ?7 \ 30. Rude gestures; k$ g: b$ i) k
2 u `0 t% b9 Y8 S/ KPressures on Individuals, O; G9 R V- e9 y6 D4 m
31. “Haunting” officials: m. m# P3 m& d/ c/ y& U
32. Taunting officials8 B, t# h! ~) d* a/ @/ D9 m/ p
33. Fraternization/ j+ A! ?- h1 F% c
34. Vigils. b4 j' h* F" N% e" W& ^# V
' v* A+ o- ]( l# \8 u% u* h, `
Drama and Music8 |& H' e% g: i5 d
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ ^6 x) U, K& f, K+ g
36. Performances of plays and music2 }2 I) O1 f7 r. \/ y
37. Singing
; ]6 _$ R, h/ e# u+ r. v, N0 Q U6 b. Q" I, H+ d1 r6 @$ h$ d
Processions Z3 V9 F) i; [" `3 E
38. Marches# z4 M2 ?, W- f
39. Parades1 D/ j0 v/ R- M4 u
40. Religious processions
5 v* R" A, ?# e 41. Pilgrimages! Y U, U n( ~7 R1 n9 s/ B5 n# P
42. Motorcades# B# T1 U+ E: C0 D, ^! a# Y$ x) R6 s
5 H- k. p. R+ U$ Q3 ~/ Q- d
Honoring the Dead* j# }; b- \% P4 t, O! r
43. Political mourning
+ W/ i3 ]0 s; x 44. Mock funerals9 Q& q/ o, @% ]1 y/ y* @: G. z
45. Demonstrative funerals- ^' C5 h; X5 z; k9 u8 i
46. Homage at burial places2 T1 u2 D3 M+ S
2 N- c) }- M1 ~" bPublic Assemblies8 g% q2 v- q `2 J
47. Assemblies of protest or support
( g4 |* O2 B$ |+ a5 x# K$ V 48. Protest meetings3 G( j" M) Q! @ V
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 u7 T( y9 b8 J# |
50. Teach-ins+ k8 O' V4 w$ f4 t& ^5 H: x G
. u5 Z: y& i0 `Withdrawal and Renunciation) @2 r$ A0 l; O( t/ A r
51. Walk-outs
! u5 Z- B# N: R1 q/ j 52. Silence
7 n/ \8 n% Z! Z! O( P4 z 53. Renouncing honors- u, z: X4 n' z- C% d
54. Turning one’s back2 {3 p, c% h! s+ v
3 A) ^1 ~! A" j. A
3 D$ W) S3 G9 ^$ L% U, W4 B+ Z9 G2 I) [# w. }4 E
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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* a# @5 \' r' @ v! w0 L* q
Ostracism of Persons
- t; f; L% J# r7 v 55. Social boycott
$ P) }( ^$ G% ^" G1 B 56. Selective social boycott' g' g; H; ~% ~; e- Z4 I, T% O
57. Lysistratic nonaction; e( p( j6 r, R+ P) m7 q7 i* d
58. Excommunication5 j$ l9 B& j2 ?6 F6 q
59. Interdict- G6 a" w) Z1 p( Q- h
0 r* |7 y2 ^* p; J, T% ~* mNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( F+ k9 }6 \. S* ?7 w
60. Suspension of social and sports activities* p Y, k; s1 x& I: D. y
61. Boycott of social affairs2 n% J6 [9 T. y
62. Student strike4 H3 b/ K$ d3 ?" e& x" u" b
63. Social disobedience0 ~ c# V1 r0 q/ Z; h( x/ e& Q% y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 G) c5 e) b$ Y2 W1 s- X" B9 {- N% X" ^* \0 c
Withdrawal from the Social System
3 ]$ i1 ?3 A' U* A$ j0 I 65. Stay-at-home
/ t0 r" p/ d# q7 D9 i 66. Total personal noncooperation, y T x/ y) H; B( ` C8 ^
67. “Flight” of workers# R5 g; w8 g- O( I; ^
68. Sanctuary
4 ]+ t3 m- {* P8 ~ 69. Collective disappearance
+ ?, I+ X3 x6 N9 K/ }) X" H( P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ x/ Y! q9 h+ r- U) V
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2 H. q% }0 v3 \+ H1 U0 S
' ~2 X# M5 Z% W. ~ p& Y+ ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! u* \: H3 l. {
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Actions by Consumers/ I$ E' r* _4 y) U6 I3 h
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 E# F. r Q' o3 V4 ] 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! T5 L9 R* X$ N% M3 w$ Z 73. Policy of austerity
8 ~1 ]( F7 u& b; I+ s* t 74. Rent withholding
" F' l, ~$ z3 T 75. Refusal to rent
0 J# i8 B, U- O8 H6 l' q 76. National consumers’ boycott) o+ s6 E7 Q( T
77. International consumers’ boycott8 f- C/ b5 \/ y
; Z& ^( D U( y7 w1 Q. }8 mAction by Workers and Producers9 G& e$ D* g6 y' G) q- _
78. Workmen’s boycott" F: ]5 o) Q. u/ R9 K
79. Producers’ boycott
' f( b s# \; Q, T' A. J% _; O
$ _) s3 _( w) t1 eAction by Middlemen% ], k* D+ \7 L$ W! _; {
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. i9 y- ?6 U5 c& U! }) }
b( b J& _, w1 p; ^' Z: U9 ^ @Action by Owners and Management
8 t8 i0 w! S! [) F, p 81. Traders’ boycott, f6 y, V; K, O
82. Refusal to let or sell property
, q3 b D* a; |9 t6 S 83. Lockout
( A+ B8 g# y5 c5 M( i8 B 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; M! o2 x3 y Q: u9 ?* a 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! q% U. }! y3 t, ]' G4 |# L) z
" P; W" {6 f4 V: [+ |Action by Holders of Financial Resources, A7 h7 R. f+ i% B: z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% H4 ` s% f% U, p8 _" D, L
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
# v; x$ v4 R4 O: w 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) Q* R" D' U' F* ?! W" s
89. Severance of funds and credit+ n) {; Y% E; \2 J
90. Revenue refusal
; \( ^9 Y3 R" W. H 91. Refusal of a government’s money
" L9 }! o+ Z% g1 i; E
+ U* V2 |. K( c' d! e. nAction by Governments. W+ R' p8 U: i; u3 j3 [& s( R& x
92. Domestic embargo( H8 x. u0 }8 F$ ~# [
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 M$ ]4 k( o: R) j: k: D 94. International sellers’ embargo
; ]' K& H. z- y! r- p c 95. International buyers’ embargo, z% _* m% i- e8 Q1 H3 |, f: Q
96. International trade embargo$ w# V- r6 R6 Q6 n0 x( P/ |% F* U
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" R1 h) P- g# B) w2 ]3 k# iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
+ K4 t* v( a; \8 A! k$ q5 Q. b y" O$ G* v% {+ j
5 e! w I0 X! D: [2 J
Symbolic Strikes* p* [: M' S k' ~" I2 D0 U
97. Protest strike
$ A( ]" v1 J7 \ ~9 I 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 F- J6 }, i+ v; E6 c2 E. g) B& [/ S* b/ B8 I" |
Agricultural Strikes4 g) ~' i8 `9 w B7 b
99. Peasant strike: ^7 ?+ Y4 l" L; T+ ]! y- i
100. Farm Workers’ strike4 I! |* G: E0 i+ }2 @6 J: Q$ O
# ?" `$ J! R9 f. u4 ~6 l! C) b( SStrikes by Special Groups! O" ~4 p4 S; p' N! ~# E
101. Refusal of impressed labor! \# P+ t5 n+ l- \: m
102. Prisoners’ strike
. P) x2 w! _- P3 m 103. Craft strike
* a1 d+ q, _. z 104. Professional strike# U4 @, l2 u4 Q+ U# Z
7 A; f) M/ E; R' d$ pOrdinary Industrial Strikes
3 J: P1 S) _ l" z3 j& m 105. Establishment strike
- p; X+ z8 ]+ `* e9 Z 106. Industry strike
Q. d) A6 {5 d3 K 107. Sympathetic strike% ~/ K% R) g d9 G) I( X
- r1 _% X0 Q5 F/ f# |0 c0 L
Restricted Strikes; e5 O3 K& e: G) P$ D7 C5 d
108. Detailed strike' d, h) K& w, j- c5 n
109. Bumper strike
) d% h8 w2 |9 ~1 `: m! G2 W 110. Slowdown strike0 E& @( e$ W' H5 @2 R+ X( ?
111. Working-to-rule strike
5 g7 j* ]* h( j/ ^$ D) c- u& z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# E0 W- m/ i/ q( Z9 N% G' C2 p
113. Strike by resignation: Y: H1 H4 z' [0 |
114. Limited strike# O$ j8 B. Q7 `+ ?5 h0 _5 {
115. Selective strike
. w/ w' V' w# ~' R" d: t. I; _4 A( z0 Y+ V
Multi-Industry Strikes- Z9 ]( U/ f$ C; l0 L2 T E+ h
- s* E V* d2 y6 [' { 116. Generalized strike7 U8 Z; J$ g7 K# L7 {- [& t
& e6 L" b3 G P$ _4 w/ E 117. General strike+ ]& V: L2 m6 q
" i4 t& y, i5 ~5 c' z. X8 l
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 l9 M6 s, D% y2 I# e6 K+ j
- K* J( W# s0 X! I
118. Hartal
4 p1 [+ g5 H: {. Z' T; B$ u
& D# p! I# V8 ]6 a 119. Economic shutdown
& J9 l9 ?( f0 B- T6 ]
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% f* _# z' s+ e! X3 {3 i dTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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% c: v; s+ `- {8 u) y3 ]5 ?Rejection of Authority3 O& ~5 ?+ |+ a/ g2 I9 u# `6 @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 A4 Q4 [3 J' H. o 121. Refusal of public support1 X; r: u& L& Q1 v; Z+ A, ?- Y' L
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 ?2 B0 ~9 P6 I2 e! Q R
4 @& Z5 \. {" O5 U% HCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government x% H9 Y- E0 c {" N' l( [( a
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 O) D5 I0 V& y5 u 124. Boycott of elections
( ^. `. ~3 Q+ u( d9 j! V( x 125. Boycott of government employment and positions9 d5 Z# S4 D% l" l" k) R& f
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( D# z# \$ a( ?4 Z4 P9 v
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, a( C) j. c8 n( t3 {; ^# ]8 C
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# ]( {' b/ l$ ]- {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 O! [1 {0 F3 ]# S4 h8 D% h
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) O; r& W' N+ G5 [# p# \% }3 q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; n' k7 Q+ @ t; o9 w/ ~9 W' d 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! E; r3 s6 X6 A
) ?# |( `+ q( q5 Y* ^1 H" v
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! u1 w! ], i) D' D& `/ D
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; A: V$ W& k. ^. }) w
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. |* F( p0 a9 S& u, x; @- ? 135. Popular nonobedience
' o. w# K: \0 I 136. Disguised disobedience- n e4 s6 N j" \! E$ S
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: c) V7 D* g: q
138. Sitdown6 R. K' ]* l; I; ]4 R- Q" t3 O
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 b, j5 Z+ r, s
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( h! B4 E3 M/ n) r6 A* L7 a
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 s- x& W# K( |$ e T% e
! n) v" a! q6 \. n( e/ _
Action by Government Personnel
& l5 U1 P$ g/ e6 N: ]% J1 A 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ B# K/ k g: L1 Y/ l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information' q# q% R9 G; d1 c( A5 C( b, j
144. Stalling and obstruction" Y& J8 u& y X
145. General administrative noncooperation
2 \ T3 A2 m& S9 h! ~& H' O# V
& y% J- ~; x) g 146. Judicial noncooperation7 t1 }# E& N2 x5 d) F
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! B3 w! z# _+ U' e$ P3 }* F 148. Mutiny
! c3 G% Q' P" `% K$ g$ E4 G9 MDomestic Governmental Action5 c. |* O/ l$ |! U
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! K4 C0 c: m! i& G+ u7 Z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 R$ B/ u: p2 U! R5 l
5 I! t6 |- M. q- jInternational Governmental Action
! d, j$ c) t* E( f+ F5 l+ ]) Z g 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" F9 q; ^. ?2 D( ?$ C0 g 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, W- J/ ?/ E- X: G- q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 _- w# {6 _& h5 Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ e0 q Y+ r+ X4 i# ` 155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 {& t, k* P7 b9 A
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; c3 P+ c/ `, u- y 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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2 ~1 f. C" }! c& v
$ z) w/ F5 O3 L' z4 A5 n8 Y7 D% g8 T& s7 F
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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$ o1 N# l1 M5 n7 I, \
Psychological Intervention. n. I/ D/ u* a: s! o
158. Self-exposure to the elements/ W: |4 @6 r6 l
159. The fast% |: ~( ]) U) |8 i2 G
a) Fast of moral pressure* E+ h& Z) S! a
b) Hunger strike
( x5 z3 {7 d2 l! h6 k6 k8 ^0 x c) Satyagrahic fast
7 x' m5 ?: |' e [ 160. Reverse trial4 b# h5 M# K) `* V
161. Nonviolent harassment
d; z) G( d$ U" S% i' U% S3 Y
% M+ U; T; a8 JPhysical Intervention. M! [. ^3 Y7 m! F g% z" P' w
162. Sit-in$ ^- ~4 G* _3 i6 v W! r: N
163. Stand-in0 c) J! B2 E8 T. W4 ]
164. Ride-in6 }! D* ^$ F% \5 n8 H
165. Wade-in. y# n/ F- a2 q4 u2 z* a) H
166. Mill-in
, ?$ y, p) N! X+ @' |6 c( v- r 167. Pray-in) Y) O8 Y; Y& ^( l! Z3 l- x8 {2 `
168. Nonviolent raids
8 T8 r% R+ G ]6 I W( A2 U! e 169. Nonviolent air raids
9 h+ O( F3 x$ v8 _+ r) ^; H% A 170. Nonviolent invasion0 B/ w' b2 L2 R3 w" L5 E m
171. Nonviolent interjection+ \+ h! `$ B! ^8 k1 g) f7 z
172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 ? |, S# H" o' ` 173. Nonviolent occupation
$ J4 M. {( W- T2 {/ x$ J# J8 r. z/ A! G" e( x C
Social Intervention
3 x+ {# B3 |( o$ o: y- H e 174. Establishing new social patterns
; ^+ i5 n0 c0 {6 v' e9 n) u0 s0 { 175. Overloading of facilities
: x$ R1 h' E a" f! L: o7 v 176. Stall-in% K- G+ ` E/ ^8 n2 ?3 L# u
177. Speak-in
% @: @: y( K( P* x/ R 178. Guerrilla theater
- }/ H0 r1 R/ q' b n8 L 179. Alternative social institutions# w* S8 |9 {# X; a9 r* G6 r
180. Alternative communication system$ C7 j K5 A- J! w2 J
; S( n! n+ E" z) h( DEconomic Intervention
# g) T2 N" Y# |0 w 181. Reverse strike
) A3 v! f+ A* R: n6 f 182. Stay-in strike4 O M1 p7 b8 d- K
183. Nonviolent land seizure
# p2 \; M" [$ c 184. Defiance of blockades3 a) J: s( h! _- _8 i
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
c3 ` j, _/ ?# e 186. Preclusive purchasing
0 G% o" ~2 H' w* _ 187. Seizure of assets
; t8 z [6 y6 d2 K4 M2 h# f 188. Dumping
2 k T8 q+ G4 q$ j6 g 189. Selective patronage2 ?* W2 s' n" }7 P
190. Alternative markets
! t6 x2 f( B* g; ~( F1 s M 191. Alternative transportation systems8 z0 U6 M! {6 l
192. Alternative economic institutions4 Z* O D* f( q7 V4 [5 _, \ W% E
5 Z0 z, m. M9 p' O& U
Political Intervention: R) E9 w; v' g' }4 c
193. Overloading of administrative systems
( B$ j$ s0 F* J% O E8 Z. ^' O 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 H1 ?6 Y7 V7 ~. e& F/ k 195. Seeking imprisonment% ~, N& p9 o `1 Y8 V9 e. K
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ V( P7 A. U8 |) D
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 @: I* X* E, Q% k i 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government ]9 @- G' h9 G `! r; C/ x6 n
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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