 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 B1 _5 k1 i& wFormal Statements
% D* ]7 y, ~, J, ]0 t9 F0 } 1. Public Speeches
% Y9 I8 Q5 H5 A8 w 2. Letters of opposition or support. j0 Z. i4 g! e& ~0 k
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 p } B: Y; H6 H7 {
4. Signed public statements
6 q4 F6 h0 P. J 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- F, G. f3 ^3 y" y8 v! `. y 6. Group or mass petitions! L) e! F* N: z: N+ L
7 h; I. y _. t( T, o: H/ RCommunications with a Wider Audience% [# q' e) b3 O* w6 I$ G
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 y$ z7 |: b' M U! z( }2 |5 E9 V
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ R* q. ]7 ]" f5 F 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 O3 O8 t9 w( {# o" g
10. Newspapers and journals
6 q" H! b# A5 | 11. Records, radio, and television$ _ `+ m" z6 w
12. Skywriting and earthwriting# ?& ~/ f: N) H2 {8 W2 b
$ c) C# y! f3 F6 n9 T3 @0 W
Group Representations9 E: x& f; I- \1 E0 |5 w8 |
13. Deputations
) {1 t! u. z9 U2 U 14. Mock awards7 V; |4 s9 }# q6 f) n
15. Group lobbying3 w( f2 X+ r" j: _, L0 @
16. Picketing
N1 W% W: n2 C7 q5 j! i 17. Mock elections) {* M. J7 Y: s/ O5 c0 d! R
5 W2 `$ p7 F; [$ ?" tSymbolic Public Acts
) m7 \2 \' i B8 H7 Z. ^. Z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 G* F" D% S/ c \* M
19. Wearing of symbols7 M( Z% ], r4 Y
20. Prayer and worship5 g; m0 p' O, U- L) b s% u5 s
21. Delivering symbolic objects9 C6 s p' z& w' q! _1 N
22. Protest disrobings8 c/ v5 Z- J: v7 k8 w
23. Destruction of own property
4 @0 @1 H( c& @' ~+ Y# W" } 24. Symbolic lights
9 R7 Q8 G i. _& T+ M& L: p- N3 |* ]) u 25. Displays of portraits2 m! X& h9 K) ^
26. Paint as protest
. `) G/ y& n. Z a$ R# K: m 27. New signs and names& @+ t8 x1 c. X! A
28. Symbolic sounds
8 O( O3 i! |5 x; e) S' h 29. Symbolic reclamations$ h& H7 j+ n& X% K! J1 L2 ?: J! k
30. Rude gestures
" U) v- V$ r! m& j+ S. n
, u3 i0 _, q$ ?. D, O& |6 q. UPressures on Individuals1 \9 a: v6 u/ J: i) h* x
31. “Haunting” officials. ]$ t0 Z/ L! ^& D- V
32. Taunting officials5 [- E/ K& j+ r4 X, c- w
33. Fraternization
' T2 O1 u5 _/ x6 Q* m 34. Vigils
8 Q, b. \ `& Y6 T; n9 j* f# r, y" L% z2 ^+ ~& x+ |* B2 ]
Drama and Music
X3 M/ \* K1 s( k- g$ A" m6 | 35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 Z& f) K' p R1 J 36. Performances of plays and music
' c1 W; i; a7 `' j! J 37. Singing
! u1 }9 K5 v1 ^, C/ Z; C! b, d( R. B) l% [, v
Processions* a! y- L8 ?# u5 v
38. Marches2 E+ k+ Z, @% G. V
39. Parades+ G0 T$ _! F+ n) C2 W& j
40. Religious processions& \% c* R# _: `- Q3 a" u1 B! R
41. Pilgrimages
! e4 {7 L! G' o! i! F! L 42. Motorcades1 m7 s8 u1 u2 I
, B( f h8 E0 [- F: N9 r1 n
Honoring the Dead
: K+ Y5 G( t0 L7 D" A+ n 43. Political mourning
0 T' p. u0 v6 P! E7 [ 44. Mock funerals$ L) t! h# ~; G! }
45. Demonstrative funerals+ k9 Q$ p- `9 {3 H9 C# S
46. Homage at burial places6 z. `* W) W3 c+ i
& S* k& o8 f$ G/ N3 U
Public Assemblies M* w$ t l/ y5 I; d5 Z
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 |& v. T: y$ p8 K 48. Protest meetings' [8 {4 m% E# ^0 \! U
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 I- x( R2 B* Z+ t$ K+ N# K2 a! }
50. Teach-ins# y) s2 k; W0 @6 {( Y+ ~
3 W8 `0 L9 R; a' M
Withdrawal and Renunciation: D6 B0 g# Z/ \' \
51. Walk-outs. Q1 O9 `9 Y( F) q$ r- z
52. Silence
2 }. y! `$ V ^$ b% F' g, o' M0 ~ 53. Renouncing honors! x' L4 h5 e: ~! @: y
54. Turning one’s back
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6 ?. G: n2 F) x+ L$ ]; p) I ' P$ x; K% X) L! Y: L( `! x
. E$ _/ t! o& E4 N0 A; l6 J
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
g# S8 f q7 N- |- N" H/ y/ f! K8 t; U" \( Q" Y7 a
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Ostracism of Persons# W. o/ s. w2 |/ m! |9 a/ Z
55. Social boycott
- U! ~9 i1 t: p, T7 s/ N 56. Selective social boycott* M. q. P' E- A4 m% e5 {+ A7 @, z
57. Lysistratic nonaction$ L/ c/ d2 T [8 O P% h2 u6 V5 l2 C
58. Excommunication, S) Y+ J2 Z1 |; w$ |/ \: j
59. Interdict
* I6 I3 J1 `: f7 h
4 K* q4 I/ t, [/ S4 qNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; s3 [. |7 Z8 X M% z/ _
60. Suspension of social and sports activities( P, |6 L4 B* z/ I( _' G; p
61. Boycott of social affairs1 u1 ^- z1 K4 O
62. Student strike, _% k3 o& @# V2 p! f' w" j S( P
63. Social disobedience
3 j! a4 w5 F0 P9 ]) y! e5 P+ O2 }, Z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; l; r, V J# V$ y' T9 P7 E5 {2 S& H" y
Withdrawal from the Social System
/ R: Q. Q( U1 `8 U) f p 65. Stay-at-home
3 r$ j) S) S! L7 ^* H 66. Total personal noncooperation
' E3 s/ s) x& C0 Z 67. “Flight” of workers# A" Y$ p3 T8 D0 p: Q, U2 U2 D( d
68. Sanctuary. ~! y3 H7 {. E8 L
69. Collective disappearance
7 I" X( _1 n* O$ t6 v2 s 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
' z/ b8 n# n$ ~* o! }8 z
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& i$ S! m1 C; |! l2 ]8 V$ A# iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ y1 V) i; X5 V
7 u4 w. x) b8 H9 _* Z/ e! {1 U
/ L- L2 r/ M, \. y. fActions by Consumers
4 w" T5 G4 t Z' A 71. Consumers’ boycott+ Z1 R% p0 z' Y* W# s5 O
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; a; V1 n# x" g
73. Policy of austerity
$ ]1 A Y( m2 X: @. H* ^0 y 74. Rent withholding; l. b, |0 j8 G
75. Refusal to rent
: X# @% e$ y, |( G 76. National consumers’ boycott
8 _ j1 k+ k) g7 ]2 m x/ C" J 77. International consumers’ boycott" p% t2 A2 D% g0 i4 P
, R4 n! D! a7 @+ XAction by Workers and Producers
' r$ E# K$ M3 `6 M 78. Workmen’s boycott6 Y( O( Q9 w7 g) z- i5 I
79. Producers’ boycott
3 u$ B1 |' J; e% @0 ?4 @) H `( }* N" N5 n1 @& Y
Action by Middlemen
* p0 x. f6 m* U; Z& y& u% U5 h 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott2 I k& A9 Q9 w. k% B! }2 N
8 o, A+ ^! W. zAction by Owners and Management. T5 a+ |" w: A$ l( ~( g" i+ z
81. Traders’ boycott
5 t1 x& H6 C5 P8 s T3 j 82. Refusal to let or sell property6 g; S) u1 u' s$ _/ P5 A
83. Lockout7 b. `# y4 x5 i1 V; M& M! _
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
" ^' u8 Z: x5 e: \+ } 85. Merchants’ “general strike”" }8 i6 B# x$ M7 B, i
/ s" b* E6 K+ `
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% y* p/ a" b( H: \& n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 X9 Q. |# O' `: j9 Q% z- {, ] 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( T! [: ~% x* {3 O$ I G4 U
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ `' Z; N+ t4 I, C. G; _7 d) n6 D 89. Severance of funds and credit
S9 c) C6 _ d+ [ \$ d9 C& y 90. Revenue refusal
6 Z7 _7 Y' @3 b! u3 { 91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 Z) {) o4 O* U; D. }( b1 T7 ~; e& B
Action by Governments
( ]7 z4 k |# r% H$ D 92. Domestic embargo
6 v- p/ P+ ~! B- y0 ^ 93. Blacklisting of traders& s; |( N! F9 E7 e. X' u
94. International sellers’ embargo+ v6 v, G4 i* I s, K" q
95. International buyers’ embargo) Y% c) @& t. t' T
96. International trade embargo* W8 @, V3 P! S1 a: ~
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE g7 c' U S. \! t
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6 T% j* u$ j$ e# N V. O
Symbolic Strikes
- r# q( z* V, s* E: U' F 97. Protest strike7 ^ B6 v. u; G, |
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) S& P8 }0 i& R4 N8 {: W' @ b3 r) E+ {7 {5 [, s4 h5 M. K
Agricultural Strikes
6 j H+ W: A: O a: p3 _; m 99. Peasant strike
' B, y3 ?9 j; q7 D( I4 a 100. Farm Workers’ strike
, q3 ^. g5 p7 D& h8 X) _% d- Q2 E. R; z* T
Strikes by Special Groups
" F# h9 I; q; {% c/ F. l 101. Refusal of impressed labor
( l3 a7 a; f' s; f4 f* r 102. Prisoners’ strike1 v' Y0 O6 d# C1 o/ ~
103. Craft strike" v. X" {! A2 V- Y
104. Professional strike
" L1 L- U6 q' U
0 ]6 M9 l" j: W: SOrdinary Industrial Strikes
, L9 Q. {, m4 S0 l$ ^ H6 }4 ]0 R7 o' S 105. Establishment strike8 h8 }) f, `* }5 R% D7 N( H
106. Industry strike
2 F5 W+ e3 f) h6 Z- O 107. Sympathetic strike
8 X. u5 s* k" W8 }1 m W' ]+ Z7 H' Q2 ]+ B
Restricted Strikes* g1 Y ?5 x$ Q9 n* t4 d
108. Detailed strike
( r1 R: O; H: H/ { 109. Bumper strike* y1 R' y9 [ ~+ h/ y
110. Slowdown strike' o) i7 G7 n- c: b2 H1 x* y
111. Working-to-rule strike
8 }' D% z/ V" @' ` k 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# U- N+ |) p# I4 ?# |" W" B 113. Strike by resignation1 m8 i/ f5 R9 l2 s; B- }
114. Limited strike
, f1 A, M& Z0 r% x1 H1 w5 T0 ? 115. Selective strike
4 H+ b& |4 R3 n7 d* ^% ]) {" m0 `. k0 ^3 {9 \
Multi-Industry Strikes5 T3 U- C, o& w# U, G: @ Q; \# @
- E3 z. Z$ y, S0 i 116. Generalized strike0 N- O8 K* O6 \3 n, X; y' X, V3 g
5 F/ r5 [6 H# i. ?4 n0 Q: A, I$ _" T0 w. b 117. General strike7 H. m" y5 H9 D: S
6 g/ R0 G' L ]$ W u3 e2 [0 xCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
( S9 ?6 F+ @3 F( P- C5 j) I! g% s9 d
119. Economic shutdown4 Q! `# W6 P. B4 v, y
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* [* d! w- W: D8 ]7 x
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Rejection of Authority
; ^$ _, ^: i# b7 v1 T) \3 z4 y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance y4 Y1 ^9 r) {4 f9 w$ F5 n2 [
121. Refusal of public support
, G9 r" p/ [3 e/ u; [2 ^! M 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( c8 K$ K4 `8 j k/ C
1 e4 a7 _3 f, \- \2 fCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 Q6 F9 H0 D- x 123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 D+ w# i- R# t) o* J
124. Boycott of elections
% u. b$ o+ m; A7 R: D 125. Boycott of government employment and positions& e7 H% S& d$ q$ x+ _/ F
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% `' ^6 ^. R; I, R
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# ]- q7 O' E1 K
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" B8 w1 n, t7 x5 |2 O8 O1 }4 ^
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: o$ G7 d( ~# p3 d% [9 M. d: v- f
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ h" S3 u4 i' h6 ^
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, m: N2 [6 z& r$ v0 x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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; [$ H' E/ x' m" w" |* V- @ t5 g: jCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& d5 Q$ R1 ~1 C/ N4 Q( @. E1 Y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 @8 y4 k0 r) @$ k' D% ^, P$ \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# a- c; D1 I8 q; P 135. Popular nonobedience! `, x8 O. p( M0 Z0 c4 D+ y7 N
136. Disguised disobedience
( f _0 f( w9 s" r6 a( ` 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! A& D5 g, G/ i2 |( ~# ~
138. Sitdown
: N( J, g# s$ F1 B- v8 E+ a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 g6 E d) k1 x. z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# z; U3 I9 a" o4 T; K7 x
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' C7 \$ {, }9 c
d9 y( B C4 I# U' ]4 [* aAction by Government Personnel
$ c! z, n, Q. J! T 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' y. i! S1 |6 D- k9 N( l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 R1 Y, ]/ \- o) i$ _8 A- l! y
144. Stalling and obstruction; _4 Z9 E+ v2 o* R3 m
145. General administrative noncooperation' L$ p3 k* b: H& B3 Q3 {
4 X ?& b. \' E8 X# u 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 H( T0 m3 ~# I' O: P' g 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 H" z! ?- e9 z# ?+ i' w F4 Y. ^# D 148. Mutiny- [2 ~" O5 }) S. Z4 a
Domestic Governmental Action ?9 Q. i a9 n( A8 F
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. `0 }5 q& n/ g: d
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; d# d# v; s$ }+ A; l; H
+ \6 ]" M3 s( @; ~% R |% kInternational Governmental Action
' E7 V' m, v, R6 O8 Y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& u. k c- a }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 C. K8 v0 I( |) }% V" ?- L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# c1 p$ C+ }7 K2 L. Z0 M4 D8 V 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) L& i; @0 d0 C7 [. V 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 m; s: ?8 T B; J
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 O, w6 `% G6 V, n) Q" _ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 r6 N! S- Z. W
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 N4 J/ @+ ~0 @1 f, j
$ \) b* X- \, J- d
2 o) b2 j, a) W2 e* ]. O; {Psychological Intervention1 V9 t/ c5 Q( W8 i( V+ O) E4 Z3 S
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ O& ?9 K: s$ r 159. The fast
1 `; x' K+ s, ]" e- K: O1 } a) Fast of moral pressure
2 Y8 ~: X$ b1 m1 h b) Hunger strike
" ^+ W7 [" Z3 X' D/ d; _& y c) Satyagrahic fast
: q/ h4 i4 c7 B 160. Reverse trial
9 w% O; I2 u) N [" G' o 161. Nonviolent harassment
2 `6 v# B& i! [, W' a- U" N; g
" \( j% q1 i b# u1 iPhysical Intervention+ ]) ?% a$ S7 `0 I
162. Sit-in
8 X `% k+ ~% J 163. Stand-in8 ~: Q& V8 d w! O N
164. Ride-in
2 m# q5 g# t9 F/ o' J2 c9 Y 165. Wade-in
) M% D. s9 A( i1 v: d 166. Mill-in
) }5 s" h3 Y' q# w: s 167. Pray-in
7 G1 ]! q2 T; Y" }4 V1 Y+ P 168. Nonviolent raids, E# Z$ x% L# \4 ]9 H) g! l+ K
169. Nonviolent air raids
+ T5 t9 _) O; K* h: m* X 170. Nonviolent invasion) N( e E: t3 i$ W. u/ G2 W- M
171. Nonviolent interjection1 F+ R( k( G% S8 O, ^) v6 R9 E) A
172. Nonviolent obstruction/ `: V4 e( b: O" H+ t$ |1 D
173. Nonviolent occupation
0 \2 Y2 Q! X' K& J& E3 \- h* }5 V
Social Intervention# V+ a7 @1 {/ p1 j, B8 a1 [- [
174. Establishing new social patterns5 P M, ?5 `4 V" G0 j7 }
175. Overloading of facilities
+ _+ r8 k( Y$ p% X5 D8 h# r 176. Stall-in# G- k" e6 N% I
177. Speak-in
0 ^9 j" ~' w8 p, | 178. Guerrilla theater
* x$ n7 t# h" {, Z2 D* f 179. Alternative social institutions
& v5 x3 w; ~" }5 R; c, o% v 180. Alternative communication system5 v- B3 {" d% P# @0 e
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Economic Intervention9 N: H+ y( h- F% u: x ~
181. Reverse strike/ Q& g" K* a6 s. {
182. Stay-in strike0 I8 X# [! ^& S" }! m0 n! `! \
183. Nonviolent land seizure( C6 C, U, B" R# c7 t+ r
184. Defiance of blockades5 h: C" S! L! e) Y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 P2 \5 ?6 c) m0 F: v; Y 186. Preclusive purchasing$ G, J, ^" X* T
187. Seizure of assets
1 b% I1 {+ ^8 q1 A; j8 X 188. Dumping
/ |: i' X @, N9 `3 [ 189. Selective patronage+ L v! S( Z5 H& a3 ]8 C2 K
190. Alternative markets
0 n V7 I. z3 y5 J+ ]9 \ 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 a! o7 _2 q5 `; f6 v0 n: Z" | 192. Alternative economic institutions; }+ A( I9 K% ]& M3 q+ b6 \
& Z1 A" @! [/ F5 d3 q3 GPolitical Intervention
# ?: e8 ~% V9 i. `5 B: c# H/ | 193. Overloading of administrative systems; j0 l' c' B* f1 O/ D/ O
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* g( D2 a/ \! b. g+ }3 ~ 195. Seeking imprisonment) c* d4 r) v4 j6 L
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 B/ e# H" P" d `% @4 @5 O) B
197. Work-on without collaboration8 E( ^/ J) t `9 U( J
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 P8 U3 @, x) L; L; l& N& A& {2 N4 m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
