 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ m* Z g. P( x1 ]4 v9 ?Formal Statements) \! o7 Q. O- p+ E. w8 f
1. Public Speeches
7 b. d& d# T9 Y+ j/ f 2. Letters of opposition or support) ]; @ c2 e$ ?- O; T
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. l+ B% c4 D! b" z- Y& }/ Z. y7 r 4. Signed public statements- [$ P) l1 B3 w7 f% g: \- u" S
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
' [2 b5 A' {" X 6. Group or mass petitions
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Communications with a Wider Audience
3 j& ?* t; w. S5 s0 C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
W) P L- X, @$ Z/ R$ @) M 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 S, d3 j$ l) y+ a: U1 j 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ M* R* D' i3 n7 Q' Z, ^* o" F
10. Newspapers and journals
$ H) y; ^" v& u' A 11. Records, radio, and television V7 ?7 N" q' C/ o; T
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
?3 d0 Y9 V5 C) l3 _0 R, F1 |) Q1 P: [- j4 B: M
Group Representations
+ s& h& ~* n5 K! a 13. Deputations) {/ U+ t. W; a: h: b! g
14. Mock awards
1 P5 a, i) ]4 V$ D4 Y! X 15. Group lobbying6 B! z* g) s: E& R9 J3 Z8 Z! C
16. Picketing' R/ s, p$ ^& U. q( i. C
17. Mock elections
9 s7 N1 L5 ~$ s. u Q) x, C1 g) V
4 \! a$ N, a& q0 \Symbolic Public Acts
+ |- Q. t+ q7 L% |, |, l 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors H# T7 k* z* h! c' O
19. Wearing of symbols6 l; A8 s% h! f% q- U% |: e7 M
20. Prayer and worship
5 g' {5 o3 W- `. u% M 21. Delivering symbolic objects2 ]' A& v" x2 c+ m& }
22. Protest disrobings! U O" e/ _; [+ y3 W
23. Destruction of own property4 V W. L- I! l* Y' d5 [4 h7 j9 t
24. Symbolic lights& {/ l: H1 L9 ?4 s0 U9 a
25. Displays of portraits
5 T0 Z. t" J: |0 A) x2 q4 S+ {( } 26. Paint as protest( E" d% m- b1 G# F. |
27. New signs and names
$ l* a9 n# [" }7 r 28. Symbolic sounds: z9 Y3 |, V6 |+ B
29. Symbolic reclamations- b% H: d7 Y; h6 p: y
30. Rude gestures) c2 }9 i1 S. v
( N- s' P; W! h7 RPressures on Individuals
( F* l+ J" q6 ^: }7 x 31. “Haunting” officials
0 `) ` S, w( m, r: Y2 \& x% w1 y 32. Taunting officials$ H: l1 w% x- D! k$ N5 W [- q
33. Fraternization( V l2 @0 n; W+ O8 v
34. Vigils
5 w& K: E g) _: S) R& ^. }7 D
; F, k4 U5 d: _Drama and Music
- J- r& Z0 v. D Q$ c/ t, G! a& P 35. Humorous skits and pranks* ]: b4 t* X, K. w0 Z/ I
36. Performances of plays and music
$ x2 y0 w2 S$ h+ p) X: n 37. Singing
@3 n& Q) P# _: H
# C0 W, n- ]3 u$ ?+ M; M7 R5 LProcessions2 B5 S2 \& a% [& {
38. Marches
% H0 C( [$ v: }% Q" X 39. Parades+ K' k2 z1 W5 C! ?: a: j
40. Religious processions& \( M7 a: r/ t% y4 I! S3 q
41. Pilgrimages
: M V h; P; ] 42. Motorcades
1 w K; U: n8 e4 f% i$ \0 d; f# J
Honoring the Dead
- C( N2 W& k! s% K$ i2 { 43. Political mourning4 J2 }# J- }5 O
44. Mock funerals! V- ]3 K" T- \/ f/ \
45. Demonstrative funerals
1 R8 P: ?" Q) E# t; F8 S- g 46. Homage at burial places( H$ Y' D5 i$ }/ q; w% v4 k+ c
9 N8 U3 L4 ]$ F) j
Public Assemblies
* O, N4 E6 g+ e6 ]$ z0 g/ [, Y 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 J7 x' \1 _$ D 48. Protest meetings
* f/ E$ I$ z" E9 a 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" ]& H; q* B6 |, u0 W
50. Teach-ins o# \ V3 f( E, `
( _( i& Z( Y2 N0 ]- f
Withdrawal and Renunciation
* z; Z: x; [8 `, D$ E8 L. i4 L 51. Walk-outs* A& U2 E$ _, y. W$ n7 Q# N# a
52. Silence: L5 S" z" E# W; t
53. Renouncing honors9 I* T3 F9 l+ H" G& {8 J0 w- Q. b
54. Turning one’s back
8 @: Z4 V N0 S/ \. [* `$ i$ g/ ^$ K( f3 ~: }" U$ ~& \1 I* j) T' V* G
6 W g+ x# Z& _" w w$ I" R9 p- E" @) F! {" `; S) h) q8 B
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 n+ u5 [) t; p {Ostracism of Persons
0 R! C8 ?2 Y- R! V) a& w* @5 U' u 55. Social boycott0 D( E+ u# R- h
56. Selective social boycott- i% B2 {( G. Y0 G
57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 s8 N. T! M* g& H 58. Excommunication
+ S( K" H! l! {2 {/ J6 { 59. Interdict4 s+ R Q* @; F& t% `
9 Q: C" I. S" m" V1 J0 l
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 o3 G7 v+ }9 P( x( D: y: \" }; D
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, Z: a! r5 |1 o' v- {$ k4 `& f 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 W1 l- c) _ ` 62. Student strike! @9 _7 d+ T0 f8 r- l# L
63. Social disobedience
/ }/ S5 f9 F+ C$ w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 h" m/ o; I& @, z+ h+ e5 S7 I
Withdrawal from the Social System
) a8 O0 e+ }% l4 P3 S/ A! T 65. Stay-at-home/ U! Q6 ~% Z& e" O# }! x5 c
66. Total personal noncooperation0 \! t7 x8 p$ |- X9 f8 c
67. “Flight” of workers
; {+ s' M0 O' c( |5 i2 E. f: e 68. Sanctuary
# P6 T1 \3 g- f5 M3 t* S 69. Collective disappearance
! t b. K: R, ~! G1 b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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$ Z7 V, u7 R% z' j3 i+ N
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
7 S- e" ?+ g. @" Y9 k. A0 y: f+ M5 Q: x8 e. v3 V+ T, a: j4 c/ h
* U4 G4 t, Y* w6 BActions by Consumers
, F: m, s7 g& T4 p+ n( u4 a 71. Consumers’ boycott1 w* A% s9 }; V; J: k
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 H+ k& Z5 D$ C1 w1 M5 p8 u
73. Policy of austerity
" B0 Q* r+ ~! e4 p4 Z 74. Rent withholding! M5 i" Y9 r7 f- I5 W
75. Refusal to rent
# |8 g/ t" \3 k# q6 m 76. National consumers’ boycott
9 t6 |& I5 X& y) L 77. International consumers’ boycott+ z+ U: i, o) ~) D; K
0 |& ? G% w/ M) @
Action by Workers and Producers
$ ?% f8 A) I c- S$ _ 78. Workmen’s boycott
1 c9 c, e' x4 G' E' ] 79. Producers’ boycott/ @9 V: x+ ~1 O* O* A& i' l ~1 R
+ V# D* s1 m5 Z7 iAction by Middlemen4 d8 x8 d! J0 c+ G& I; g6 W2 Z+ e
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
3 o* E1 ?. f+ u' n h" g3 B 81. Traders’ boycott
3 X. f% h- A% b5 |& T2 R 82. Refusal to let or sell property
. V9 [5 o. C# J; o( l 83. Lockout
. I" ?' ], P9 v h+ h5 o* x 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! }7 o1 _/ W4 l/ a2 _% m* ]6 O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. y' }! B" s2 C u& w
4 w/ }' g. x# l2 }! kAction by Holders of Financial Resources/ C) M% p! s5 m6 M, c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 [9 _0 T& |5 z 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ m8 E u( ]: N, h. m
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ P% N g. [ c 89. Severance of funds and credit9 E2 J; V8 ?7 N' P
90. Revenue refusal
: S( w4 \7 t0 T8 q) B 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 n. t6 a& o; [ z
6 Y' N' W( E; fAction by Governments8 w" y$ `8 H# ~ ?+ k O
92. Domestic embargo
" _( ^: ]" @. x 93. Blacklisting of traders
6 e8 A; Q; B e+ `( I, d) ?% s! X# a4 c7 K 94. International sellers’ embargo, E/ G* A8 M9 j" ]8 E5 c5 F. @& _
95. International buyers’ embargo
% w) \* C3 X1 b 96. International trade embargo3 l. v& P( ?; u! y* @. u) q
8 L8 s9 T+ F! X
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 J, T) D. ^8 W Y* |( \
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' W. A5 A0 Q) x4 f, uSymbolic Strikes
9 e: v$ W/ O. w/ [ 97. Protest strike/ A& k" v8 ~4 o5 u' Z C
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' v8 p2 R e3 B7 D: |0 ?& t5 B' s% B! m8 F9 a/ \
Agricultural Strikes) z# a A9 |8 d
99. Peasant strike
9 U/ O& i9 y8 f8 N$ g 100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 w% J% D u9 h+ e- z O
" ?5 e! i4 Q! I" g- NStrikes by Special Groups
. x) k4 h: [( D9 B 101. Refusal of impressed labor1 ~+ g- i; C2 ~9 k: s4 h
102. Prisoners’ strike9 Y) V( w. p1 M, n! v' N) O
103. Craft strike
( t0 e$ m* `% j/ K: m6 h 104. Professional strike
& }- ^# y% ~2 ?8 B* E/ x6 F" H
# e: s% R, a* ?2 n% J9 ]- e5 `. NOrdinary Industrial Strikes
t% ]$ T6 d- C6 G% r9 s7 v. ]' U1 E 105. Establishment strike
( e6 q- m5 G' H" @2 g$ q/ c 106. Industry strike
5 ?1 `5 b: B! `) s ~- f' a* F 107. Sympathetic strike* C& c6 z- b/ j/ z2 [
& [- Y7 g, c+ M( L. j$ B! PRestricted Strikes
8 _+ U; g4 ^; P 108. Detailed strike
6 n( K; k" L5 B3 J9 _# h' ?2 l; i; C 109. Bumper strike4 h7 }# V" H6 @$ p/ v) _
110. Slowdown strike
. a3 u7 O0 G2 X8 A5 p% i; t; Z 111. Working-to-rule strike, D" N# E/ I+ B! _: _" I0 B4 v+ D
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 `6 L) U6 R0 v% l6 V! S
113. Strike by resignation
- ]3 O0 J6 u. Z+ U 114. Limited strike
. [) Z( ^9 D, X5 n 115. Selective strike4 E! `) ?9 M6 k% W, T0 ^ Y
7 m& k5 R' C) G" PMulti-Industry Strikes4 ]; P; G6 Q) \7 w
! u( @7 C" M/ Y7 }% B
116. Generalized strike
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: b' t1 @& ~* e/ m3 Z" C! ? 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: \7 C# ^, c7 g& U6 A! b
8 Z' h8 ^) q- U s. ]* R9 l7 m; ^
118. Hartal& p$ a* _+ G F+ z" `" ]. G" u8 N
# Z& e+ a7 h: t' B" r 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 I& W2 r9 j7 p7 G' [
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! O' N' }! L! Q1 V1 DRejection of Authority
& D9 `/ g: p) x6 l" _) t 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 G3 o8 m! f; T- H
121. Refusal of public support" y; i- N8 r* U
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 ], @% y9 L$ y; B# ~7 A5 J; o- {; J0 P" \" {3 M. r0 m! ?
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ O4 a" i$ W. H, u1 J" h7 L
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 h% L, F* m, l F) a: Y# L9 G 124. Boycott of elections$ z9 L# Z: K: f3 q W7 L7 x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; C' s. `& k( O1 H: E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ H7 {8 p% c6 \2 W; C" L5 n, G7 @+ G
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 W4 s% e5 s4 w6 _6 l5 z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. @& s2 F3 c+ L! o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* q: D2 }. D, L# B
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 e! \! O8 M. C# W8 T2 v9 |+ m
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
^; S8 A# ?6 R' ~9 |% a @ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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# r6 R4 K' e& I: I$ JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! y( _7 a( H: q4 b x; N e 133. Reluctant and slow compliance' }7 C1 A# f% [' _/ _3 d* L: z' _
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& ^" U5 B. A5 l4 K5 \: l7 J0 k) X- w
135. Popular nonobedience5 G8 w3 h0 L$ W/ N2 `4 H3 E$ ^
136. Disguised disobedience
3 t* y' s' j: E% {9 y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. T F9 R" ]* Y8 y% \& _ 138. Sitdown
8 M8 m; i2 [0 n/ N 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) ?/ F9 y! p; a+ I( m" ^( C 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% k/ Z! i; a! Z3 }6 C" v' r
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ T( r& A- `" p6 w' G: v3 a+ z( n$ D7 i
Action by Government Personnel
" @+ g+ i/ z5 |/ g% E: u4 O 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; G) J. ?, C" v3 L0 D3 H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 t `1 C% n: [; O, b8 e 144. Stalling and obstruction/ e: ]4 C+ c6 y& w. n. p+ ~* W
145. General administrative noncooperation" E) Q. x1 J9 B1 X0 `3 U" c$ ` R! |
5 r! x1 V3 r: P; d' O 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ n% M. B6 B1 D: J5 @2 S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; d- V; t0 b Y9 ~ 148. Mutiny
, v# v$ [& b0 M* cDomestic Governmental Action
$ q0 @, g) Y$ c) T2 i5 ~5 q/ _ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( O7 ~0 \9 G) k; Z" G
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 n1 M1 A# [1 W+ W# I- h8 i+ Y% M
0 a9 f9 M5 @7 |1 MInternational Governmental Action6 K3 P6 I& d8 l0 W- ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ I8 ^6 C' X- z- u. _3 a
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: P3 h3 `1 v/ S. J% b
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ A! H( ?3 g: G( K, A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. s4 \; Z/ x: P! J2 _7 [
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 {; K' [3 \% J! _/ G 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 C' X/ W! Y- ?+ q. I. s; Z% B 157. Expulsion from international organizations: C, E1 q- F) X$ M& \ A
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, X Z) [0 Z% _2 MTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, c4 ]5 i8 m9 a' [
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Psychological Intervention
5 l' \7 ^* O0 l 158. Self-exposure to the elements
- t) `8 A; r+ s0 J6 I" g 159. The fast4 }3 A! a* j: p) l7 p
a) Fast of moral pressure% l, z' \3 Z" B* T* ?" T5 @
b) Hunger strike
7 P, k9 b8 Y2 Y' B5 U1 R' p4 H c) Satyagrahic fast! Y M O; o6 {- p, f' z' d3 E
160. Reverse trial+ M/ q" O/ {/ M3 K4 m* }" z) H
161. Nonviolent harassment9 }0 l e& @! F& H/ {( S
3 e8 [( E' i6 h% S+ B+ u8 h( T( X
Physical Intervention: E/ o, W. b- d# @6 t( Z
162. Sit-in
* l6 M4 F8 }' G7 `% e. R4 S 163. Stand-in& m2 a8 R6 }( R. `( n
164. Ride-in
8 V& A v, J% g- @) z 165. Wade-in1 K5 s% p$ E1 T2 z8 c, S7 @5 U% ]
166. Mill-in% B, ^9 h4 O# ]; v+ l1 c4 s" e3 w
167. Pray-in* Y9 N7 y; X9 Q1 [5 z( ^* R
168. Nonviolent raids
" _2 E" l5 b% M/ r 169. Nonviolent air raids
6 `% v" a4 Z0 X3 H 170. Nonviolent invasion B. N. _4 J9 b+ t( E' ^
171. Nonviolent interjection
$ R$ a& \6 \% y" }4 f 172. Nonviolent obstruction# k, C8 _5 ]2 ]8 M6 p% x. @
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
% f+ z' L' l4 B4 m 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 W I) d% D/ r) w' w 175. Overloading of facilities
# ]$ i; z1 O" k4 K) a7 Z 176. Stall-in
' @) h p( W% n: `0 Z: | 177. Speak-in
0 j9 X- Q+ @' B1 \: K 178. Guerrilla theater+ I3 L" @' e1 u2 i2 i6 {7 g! ^
179. Alternative social institutions3 G9 h5 l( I2 ?0 n5 [! U, U
180. Alternative communication system# ]2 q0 B( d: b O- B/ C, \
* v, L* _$ ]; F+ y5 YEconomic Intervention
* I, r* q& T$ { 181. Reverse strike
, U* Z8 Y0 K- A6 m 182. Stay-in strike, \' {6 z# h) c) m7 s# X( j# U1 g. }# K
183. Nonviolent land seizure+ w# V& a- j4 T( o. d1 ?
184. Defiance of blockades0 }# W& V- i1 P* y! E
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 v6 H2 y" r5 e8 v/ W( a
186. Preclusive purchasing6 e: p, ~8 I8 y8 q# b: Q, `
187. Seizure of assets% E% Q# f$ d" ?1 f. l3 M0 a
188. Dumping2 b4 p; }, b: c" C* F: S/ \6 o* Y% a% W
189. Selective patronage4 z, g. A' E! m1 i
190. Alternative markets, N# [- ] X$ m2 x
191. Alternative transportation systems1 b* H' J$ B. Y% D9 e- E
192. Alternative economic institutions
1 `1 d$ C3 Z, f! ?3 i" y) p3 E3 p3 N; r
Political Intervention) K6 `- g- M' X# z* G4 n9 e* v5 `
193. Overloading of administrative systems$ v r- T, g n2 N7 V/ `
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 Y: f9 y* ?' j* o# D6 j( b6 ^
195. Seeking imprisonment
7 V! n; N3 ~5 W/ p+ h1 |& ~ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 Z7 I1 y. n; F; w' s& ] 197. Work-on without collaboration1 B* y8 S2 Z/ G: D: N" P
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
