 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 g# h$ ^8 K3 u# U/ h3 i. n' _
Formal Statements" s% p% z; x5 S6 O1 N
1. Public Speeches& E" Y8 K/ i; d4 p- F5 B" y+ D
2. Letters of opposition or support; v4 } e6 q2 o9 _4 K
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# ?, X ~* U4 m6 k+ r 4. Signed public statements, X* C1 _" i' l! u# l$ O2 M: B
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, R1 r6 E* J( p% _8 j. ]) N
6. Group or mass petitions
2 O; I6 A" U0 `9 p
# _" ~- k9 `" L7 a" P: Y KCommunications with a Wider Audience
7 I$ i1 A! w8 z L4 D1 B4 `4 y% {0 x: {$ L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ @4 {/ d' y& c
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' m' V5 f% g9 k/ K8 f) I 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 _$ _6 `- C$ G, M& h4 g% I! d! i" ^
10. Newspapers and journals
$ F% o$ u, X* P8 l: @9 S3 F 11. Records, radio, and television
% ~9 `: d. }7 w8 G9 J2 X+ [ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# {! Z; ?! p# `+ k6 z
9 S1 l5 k$ S- j! h* O2 a; `0 LGroup Representations4 x1 ]: X* n+ `& `9 Q; ]$ }
13. Deputations8 ]' I) r. n( B6 c$ E
14. Mock awards
# }% x6 D. l$ I0 b 15. Group lobbying1 {2 H: a5 }: U& ]
16. Picketing6 J$ `& j" X* e' c* m7 k# E
17. Mock elections# X& W8 t8 I2 u/ s
: | [; a1 ^! g! p% USymbolic Public Acts
7 W. x4 z6 }, b* \2 g; ] 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 M& R! I9 F3 k4 |6 P 19. Wearing of symbols: e% E# g9 Q6 P# \+ {
20. Prayer and worship
, d" ?8 u+ x4 |3 [& Y: a+ g0 e 21. Delivering symbolic objects& _! N3 |" d! k0 W# S) j4 D
22. Protest disrobings9 d$ f; c9 a$ M2 L# `9 |
23. Destruction of own property K; w4 Q' g& i3 J
24. Symbolic lights
1 R/ D! R! f" E) Y4 W$ F3 N 25. Displays of portraits$ W- H4 q( b( F4 W6 n+ G( a
26. Paint as protest5 C4 \8 D f7 E# Q/ a: G
27. New signs and names
* z. z0 r" Z; f/ w) m 28. Symbolic sounds
% ?& [* d( r: Y! {6 q 29. Symbolic reclamations
$ l) N- h) s H. {1 v5 W, h 30. Rude gestures
* @- R8 z1 e V! x6 x* A, @& q. K% I3 N1 j* ]* X
Pressures on Individuals
/ t4 u, O4 w: B# W1 z 31. “Haunting” officials5 z1 q/ R5 e1 \$ F2 E5 E
32. Taunting officials
9 F( I% |% V4 L5 M8 n 33. Fraternization# k( Y3 F( R) I; ?0 H+ O9 o
34. Vigils
5 X& F8 g( x4 F% Z' }6 F0 D
9 i0 ? E6 h& U! `% q3 N- WDrama and Music; \6 ? n' Q. }1 h' P
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ a2 M" a/ C; g# V6 C \9 D
36. Performances of plays and music
" A$ v w0 [4 t. Z0 R 37. Singing# f/ p/ y0 x& N: B
* m0 Y& m2 `7 K% K, S0 J
Processions
+ z' d- f) u) q3 S6 B' i 38. Marches
9 b% K v$ t- m+ V, w5 { 39. Parades
" @& W) m; u. [' M5 R7 ~ 40. Religious processions) Z1 P `, _ J& T9 n
41. Pilgrimages
" c, W4 i) v3 f6 |1 V 42. Motorcades) R9 n7 k0 ^# B6 Y
+ P: b, ~( s3 v* s+ ` f4 f# k
Honoring the Dead0 u6 Z7 k. H# Y8 Q$ x9 m3 j
43. Political mourning
2 ]/ _0 v6 L6 j# K% P) G' M 44. Mock funerals! ]" j& i7 }/ E: Z- E5 E& D& F
45. Demonstrative funerals
$ z4 w; ]7 e; N/ f$ \2 M, Y 46. Homage at burial places
" u: P4 ?1 `* t S4 E$ l9 T% H+ o4 C( ~1 L6 N4 t& }
Public Assemblies
. m2 I2 s" [8 R, |3 a2 B1 Q" U. W 47. Assemblies of protest or support
" n4 R! T2 R1 B* G 48. Protest meetings
7 q" B/ w% Y6 n$ |5 F! r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ q# v3 o5 W, R; i2 q' P7 Q D& u7 |, |
50. Teach-ins
0 C# J/ ?- T9 I z9 m. C: o2 H0 L. u- U F/ E
Withdrawal and Renunciation
& I( i$ k; ?4 x, t" R 51. Walk-outs+ v5 q/ v8 a0 u/ a" \) S' p
52. Silence4 S) e" d5 W# v7 @& w2 ]
53. Renouncing honors
, E- o4 ?% R( v# b' [0 I9 R5 i 54. Turning one’s back
" U+ `. }% o2 L+ E D( w! o! ~* E y" Y4 H {# u1 A5 T
: Q C8 {0 C8 e
% m+ |* @8 I4 o
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ V3 e1 P$ |2 {; C
# i H+ ~: O4 F3 J
j( Q, i5 P! i" D
) ~7 Z7 i% I7 v' M/ [Ostracism of Persons
# K# j' Y5 ]2 ^+ L8 B; Q 55. Social boycott& p' g4 k( O+ V m2 f
56. Selective social boycott2 J/ K# y- y' D4 _6 k; i
57. Lysistratic nonaction$ P7 ?: Z3 G }
58. Excommunication
1 X1 b- ]- n! T. Z* e( a* s4 a 59. Interdict
! l0 w6 G5 k- i# r5 U5 ~! A
. }% M1 U$ T) M7 |% [9 B- DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, \9 S4 i$ V7 f9 i 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
1 ]! N& u% u' {' o 61. Boycott of social affairs
( a! P+ U/ s& H4 @/ p5 G2 P: O 62. Student strike
+ c" F4 S m* }7 v* \7 R% N1 R 63. Social disobedience
N& u& q) r5 F5 E( u" [ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 U, P5 Z% K9 j* q, A" U/ L0 f( t% P$ c+ C
Withdrawal from the Social System/ v% {, {. E$ k- V& K! `
65. Stay-at-home% y) g4 i$ A" [- p' o. F
66. Total personal noncooperation
9 e) N% L. ]- \( U! B) \ 67. “Flight” of workers4 P0 \9 @# U: s. k0 V
68. Sanctuary) s/ g w2 \- r J; l
69. Collective disappearance
$ g2 r! e O1 I( Y/ _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat) `4 o+ w& f1 @) E4 z# a
, d6 _4 R5 Y N$ D% H% o+ ]
, {" A/ G5 }% R% o) N0 w! K# W! i6 r+ f7 G1 Q7 O
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 x$ m! M2 P9 s. A, @
) `/ |- z0 a7 H, @$ I& W, ^" r 0 J b3 B5 d' F. Y' X0 m
Actions by Consumers) D* }0 N8 W9 W) J% F8 f. p. T
71. Consumers’ boycott
, f+ B( o1 M8 f; l7 |2 [1 W! S' R 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 b9 |% B: y" | `) A 73. Policy of austerity% M) W: e: ]7 r) X: N: h
74. Rent withholding
3 w s$ C, N: r 75. Refusal to rent
* }* q% a6 H4 q/ J' s 76. National consumers’ boycott
& ^8 G4 h; i6 W/ R 77. International consumers’ boycott' }3 W' I2 L. G- K" c5 h# E
+ X! V \( O. B+ e5 RAction by Workers and Producers% [( X. C( d/ F
78. Workmen’s boycott
# K& z5 ?- `" W 79. Producers’ boycott
( r. X9 O0 Y3 a
* U0 M' L0 q: @) s |8 l+ DAction by Middlemen
$ ~# Q8 D- P% ?, W5 c4 \, ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; h: O# f4 O1 c* |& O/ J* v( h, P2 {+ `
Action by Owners and Management4 q& w" S2 i1 X( C) Z, \' z! P
81. Traders’ boycott3 l* x6 D3 X. a( {! y" ~) P, w
82. Refusal to let or sell property5 |' X6 Y2 d+ J/ I
83. Lockout
& _, [0 r( I2 @% A, X# @+ A 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ q/ D E/ u$ X: l4 \. a+ R
85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 n! [' d* H! l3 j
! G& X8 E9 V4 P. |7 n% F9 GAction by Holders of Financial Resources
4 j# E! t% z# k, t" o/ K; d0 T 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 Z9 {- P; v3 P. J2 o- Q* T8 r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% O2 m0 J0 e& h- x$ {, V* d8 h$ E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" o1 T- }* n% [* S' U4 o7 s# U4 F6 O' n 89. Severance of funds and credit
/ ]" E9 E/ ]' { Y" X4 }* I 90. Revenue refusal7 n. ?/ Q2 y6 B7 G* r! s) U% i0 s0 H
91. Refusal of a government’s money
" U {7 y5 r3 X$ R5 P, E* m0 r2 P& q' G8 ?' r5 f! G
Action by Governments
/ p- C: i: f0 I) ~5 p7 X 92. Domestic embargo _ X& q: d' s, R* n- m
93. Blacklisting of traders: k. B& a, E% s8 Z# y
94. International sellers’ embargo A% F2 a2 f- _' Y1 |
95. International buyers’ embargo
; D- {1 F+ J" W# U0 P8 R$ e 96. International trade embargo
# ?& P0 k0 C# E7 `' ^
8 p3 N% v, ^' Z' v3 {' _& C
% h$ n' E* W% r1 E' r) C b1 f* b4 L! ~6 n6 U* F9 p3 h
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 l9 @* c% R3 K7 P8 O e, G
; u8 A# b0 _* ~3 z6 { M, \ " g! u8 U% D7 W( |. T6 `( F3 |
Symbolic Strikes
: m9 l" ^0 x* ]5 ]' H7 H4 y 97. Protest strike
- _ W* e4 s3 l 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 C2 s3 A/ j! O8 S$ K N ]; V2 {: b/ c# @% g
Agricultural Strikes2 J; z' S, q9 O
99. Peasant strike- F' g' Q* D# R
100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 O# z4 |' u! n" \/ X; D& i
4 u% g1 e0 z" ]! G. A1 z* ZStrikes by Special Groups
5 H$ A+ A3 Y% |. R5 b8 o: B 101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 G* P) O6 G \$ c8 }6 [ _' l4 A 102. Prisoners’ strike7 e* h! j& V* B% p! E9 K" B
103. Craft strike7 u% t+ ~6 a( `
104. Professional strike* X8 v! B! _) ^, N
) Q- `5 h# a3 ~) ?& DOrdinary Industrial Strikes
1 K" |9 q4 C6 ] 105. Establishment strike
3 f$ m. v& `8 u/ y+ X' A 106. Industry strike \; B+ `) {9 ^- s0 W: Z
107. Sympathetic strike
" r% q/ {# ~! h, B7 z) e' ]9 ^4 x: n9 z' X" x
Restricted Strikes
# Z" }5 i' S. ^, y; g% E- Q% T 108. Detailed strike
) i K q( Y6 i' |' b7 s; m 109. Bumper strike3 T* j# `' y/ O- A9 J( y* z x
110. Slowdown strike
/ O. E6 p0 J W& p0 s 111. Working-to-rule strike
# B- w, ~; P; { 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)$ M$ c$ r2 X% {+ y) {* Z2 g+ W+ ?
113. Strike by resignation
- E- d1 p d8 a& J 114. Limited strike; D+ j% v% T/ I
115. Selective strike+ \, R; u' y; w9 s
5 @+ a+ j0 L G" u$ U* rMulti-Industry Strikes, l& Z1 g/ m: p9 R2 t. V* a
4 y- Z6 M/ N: `! E; f+ a, U
116. Generalized strike2 t* I9 h5 @1 l. u5 v: K7 H
0 M$ c1 b+ L3 K# {" P; S7 {
117. General strike& [, ]& w0 `% a
# G3 B2 }# p' `" ?2 O# K$ z; eCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures! A) Q4 n* _. H' h- T; C
& W# C1 P# q, I) h" ^
118. Hartal
" N3 t0 \1 F* s6 q
+ j3 b/ x m3 R5 \% o 119. Economic shutdown8 }+ P% p3 U3 r/ S$ A( o3 ^
9 e( G- r `+ |6 c+ T7 a
H* J4 k$ J$ ]+ X
( y" b5 k9 Y- U; ~5 TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
! [0 h$ W$ |) V3 W3 M/ l& n" Y) n2 Z5 F4 W" w4 P- M; ~, N" y R! B( L
) w K5 b8 j( W z& rRejection of Authority
( H8 h! w W3 }- A% I6 {; \/ P' F 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 V0 A! K- s1 m 121. Refusal of public support
4 h9 h2 P5 l% U* ^% M1 {+ E9 x7 s 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 g; p% w" x+ w, C- o" q
5 Z* W- x* B2 Z6 V3 A4 Q" J
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* w: Y/ |% j8 \& |3 i, z: c; B 123. Boycott of legislative bodies! Z8 A$ H. J; M9 a/ e+ {# x
124. Boycott of elections) C4 n2 c( S" y6 O$ g) }9 v5 K1 f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 J: b- }9 [4 V0 h1 ^! p, x 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 ^" Q0 G1 K: F$ ]4 q5 f# X2 _! A
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; x- t1 O$ A$ {5 X( } 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 o+ n# ]0 s9 D3 h5 @( l3 n1 O 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, g8 Z# o' A- ^0 s* Z; K
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# a) S9 ]$ I+ o# d% v 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: Q( O+ @; W8 p' J
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
* [4 b6 z/ B, o: K: [+ z+ V$ Z( @" q7 x
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 m7 E+ k: x1 k5 K5 z6 Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
C# v7 U5 ?% B! f% n' I' ? 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 o0 Z+ j3 n; }" P3 `1 ?
135. Popular nonobedience4 P1 O3 ?8 g2 S% {! h5 M
136. Disguised disobedience* O" |/ u( ^7 _; V0 A# O$ C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) F/ j+ s% Q- F9 [# t+ ~6 l4 N! M: ^
138. Sitdown
4 r, e! i* N5 Z, @ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! k) Z: e# T5 G+ C- E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 X5 C( m, T' p+ E0 h% h+ w# |: E 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) W6 {! e# w/ v/ k4 P( G$ A
% G& f# n6 N7 B, x9 I- ^
Action by Government Personnel( p' w. N7 |! Y& ?4 k
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 s4 Z, }) m/ o+ P) Z8 e. ^ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information) D2 o& f1 n* Z' y( h: R
144. Stalling and obstruction: ]! r. s- i( ~0 \
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 ^2 A. A- k# H* f6 G# K. K0 B; ]4 {2 ^& u# s( `7 y
146. Judicial noncooperation2 R* V* j* Z2 p2 G' u% U9 T) `
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 S; Q, P7 [: L3 E0 t1 K& e$ [- [ 148. Mutiny
8 V5 D( w2 X/ }2 w" jDomestic Governmental Action# {2 t: b' x+ J; p8 c) y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( {& t' {+ G, d- P/ r 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units, N& j4 e6 K2 k, F. d7 L9 V! X. M
' k( P& B0 Z8 O% q# l5 k
International Governmental Action9 M5 V3 Z0 E' _7 Q! v5 A
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ A0 g) L% f0 _7 o6 Y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ U8 D ?4 I. o2 ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 c# v! U4 g s 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 }: h* [$ r: ~$ m- y3 g- O/ g 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 \$ D# S" F) R* }' B- }" d 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ Z) v% o% A6 r: V 157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 R( }+ ~% ]2 _! R1 j3 w9 t5 Q# [9 b5 s* A( H0 a7 I f
- G2 Q2 M; [- Q
( H" _8 l# ~6 w7 mTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( u6 T- j+ v; E3 f4 t' V3 ]5 A
; `) K' v* N2 `8 ~$ n i/ R! K3 R: D/ E E
Psychological Intervention: {7 k# U% J) J& J* _, E+ S
158. Self-exposure to the elements" s: ^- q: p; ~/ t/ T; R7 f
159. The fast7 K* U% A8 S- Y- q2 I
a) Fast of moral pressure
" S6 Q1 ~( h$ I% b+ @ b) Hunger strike
- u& i8 S& }) M& b/ Q8 l5 [1 J0 s c) Satyagrahic fast5 K) \7 G* _$ x# ?, T1 P! s9 j
160. Reverse trial' t) F4 ?' u$ ]0 y1 l6 U. N
161. Nonviolent harassment3 f; m6 C4 V+ {2 }! `1 G- Q* c( J" h
* n W A7 `; c6 ]: C" V+ D" Y
Physical Intervention
8 j5 Y- K) I6 } 162. Sit-in. d3 c2 K$ l' x9 C2 ]
163. Stand-in
5 C8 u8 F; M1 K% R% t2 E# _ 164. Ride-in
+ g/ m# F3 W9 |# i/ d$ Q 165. Wade-in
3 W+ L' |0 o$ O* B" K 166. Mill-in) @$ B8 x# X$ q; ~5 w2 A
167. Pray-in
9 m0 z+ N0 H' w) g 168. Nonviolent raids3 R) U* `' p. v9 i7 C3 A
169. Nonviolent air raids
* Z k7 @% v" ~, } J' P* Y 170. Nonviolent invasion
) u' W3 A/ B& x) u9 M7 I# n, ] 171. Nonviolent interjection
1 a' W9 t. Z9 R5 g2 H 172. Nonviolent obstruction
( w; y0 G6 X9 [9 z. O: ? 173. Nonviolent occupation
5 o- {+ ^7 w, O1 E6 e- x" o4 ]. n% k& t! L( w! S
Social Intervention5 [& [! G8 B! w' Y) z9 L# m
174. Establishing new social patterns" `! z/ U$ z" }. X6 m
175. Overloading of facilities
6 ^% l$ x2 j$ f+ \( v" Q 176. Stall-in8 p* o9 v4 W3 k' x& e
177. Speak-in5 N: G# Y0 A r( [
178. Guerrilla theater6 v0 _- |; w/ n
179. Alternative social institutions
3 W K+ e4 P- T- _) U5 H6 q 180. Alternative communication system
* R* ?; m9 r3 @7 O2 }/ L
: k3 x0 L( Q) B- E" gEconomic Intervention
8 B* h1 R+ Z! x3 e 181. Reverse strike
6 Q) x6 I, v! C4 w 182. Stay-in strike
. A5 e) c+ g$ X7 G" P 183. Nonviolent land seizure) I* d, k- }% M' y9 L9 Z
184. Defiance of blockades* l! z6 L1 t, g. \
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 O" i1 w0 G4 t% |0 ]% v" C
186. Preclusive purchasing8 I' g/ z3 ^/ @' J% W/ V
187. Seizure of assets
) Y9 J5 k/ j: e" h T/ l 188. Dumping
! r2 n. C; }) X4 b- f 189. Selective patronage
9 t) p( Z/ o* u+ u* i 190. Alternative markets
$ H* s% C% p3 \! A( }2 i. A8 } 191. Alternative transportation systems
0 Q0 `+ J5 H) x; r; e2 y6 V 192. Alternative economic institutions
, X! U1 k! p* o/ t- H; W3 E/ q/ p# l9 X
Political Intervention
; x, a; R, C% J' ] 193. Overloading of administrative systems r2 i* r6 Q* [" H( D t
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
u7 }6 L+ P# g2 l" f" Z- U 195. Seeking imprisonment
0 _+ }$ ?- q# S8 O 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& F* S' x: s! G- S+ p 197. Work-on without collaboration
3 j+ q4 `- G: E, A 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 a/ n2 _0 g! g- p$ W
8 v$ v( f) ~2 y3 F |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
