 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. N5 F- m7 ]6 N) f6 ~4 N
Formal Statements# _2 G0 k) P! ]$ [' T* x( h- I9 M8 q
1. Public Speeches
1 M) R' x& _6 v- ] 2. Letters of opposition or support
! U0 A; L( U+ O1 `7 h 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 V+ h7 N; ~: ]5 m' S2 r0 [7 j
4. Signed public statements$ F6 O/ ~$ H/ I2 |
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, j% u* r% Q+ _' ]3 M' k' O- o
6. Group or mass petitions. [/ g% ~% L- Q; a( s$ @
|# W$ g" o8 T0 J7 e
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 M1 L" Z& k$ C& p5 ? 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ L ?, G$ ?) z5 J% S& w6 E
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- |) R, z% ]4 f. _, Z2 {
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 C, N/ m% ], `7 Z; H 10. Newspapers and journals
' b, ? N% `, N1 k 11. Records, radio, and television8 a8 _" [- ^ Y( h r) ^2 l/ d
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 s# e8 C* @1 D5 D( M9 o$ z6 Z( \$ [9 L5 ^0 U( w9 X# b
Group Representations( g# ?: C: B5 _- ^
13. Deputations" _) K( {& P$ Y% b: a- d
14. Mock awards/ ^! r! M0 J- T& z, u8 ]) J6 Q8 t
15. Group lobbying
+ O5 `0 w8 d" Q( Z4 E6 R! c 16. Picketing, C# R; j. a5 `. B5 I) z3 S
17. Mock elections( f, o* p$ C& s0 ]7 n! ^2 G, L
& ] B, B: c; u4 w4 v$ \
Symbolic Public Acts
8 V3 b* C) x6 y% W3 `, t- U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 L) B/ L: x$ O i2 {: M3 p
19. Wearing of symbols
1 N; f/ ^) K* {' z$ E& R 20. Prayer and worship. K" t. u4 L8 l* A) L
21. Delivering symbolic objects4 [! Y) X* x% ~9 J. W, e
22. Protest disrobings& A' J' [$ L3 [2 X( v! h1 R
23. Destruction of own property3 r I: j. s, i" N- Q
24. Symbolic lights
2 i! n. q$ ]* a5 r) m 25. Displays of portraits* f+ d) _% N! y9 U: e5 ~* S% r
26. Paint as protest5 F! H2 B( X0 K6 y9 E% w
27. New signs and names
$ R1 Z3 j0 N8 l1 s$ I 28. Symbolic sounds
0 K" n Y6 D/ w- q: E 29. Symbolic reclamations1 G$ k" A! s( z/ G9 A% g& o, R1 s$ k
30. Rude gestures- m, V A" [) O" x* x
( Q' c1 h! a/ u, |; vPressures on Individuals
) R$ N, y" z& o- O6 i. v7 ~% X) A0 y5 h 31. “Haunting” officials
& {) W: D$ A7 q+ q 32. Taunting officials! O3 x* m4 Z! {* c
33. Fraternization
# K8 |+ q6 L5 J4 i0 Q2 D6 U, _ 34. Vigils
# _# z( F5 p; a; F' g+ E5 I" E9 O" ]
Drama and Music
D2 t$ V0 q* D$ O% i* Y- p7 ? 35. Humorous skits and pranks4 `7 M9 ?0 f7 B4 T, @8 R6 }' g- [
36. Performances of plays and music: p( a- `- t2 Y2 }$ y" h2 w
37. Singing
! J" E L+ b) N
7 D$ U/ ?( a$ L2 A( A x1 c' PProcessions$ J0 I B( n9 X8 A. {, b6 M: z% L
38. Marches
9 K3 `: w( R2 w 39. Parades
$ Y) p) ~& F* p' b1 G3 P 40. Religious processions
( z; O; a" b0 ?3 d, K8 y, C 41. Pilgrimages
8 z4 s% U2 j }5 F6 L* h) v 42. Motorcades
4 i! Q( C" \. @5 z3 U
& x" ^0 A' U" G' X8 dHonoring the Dead
9 s+ G$ V6 i7 P- S- O 43. Political mourning) {3 l: r$ F! h. Z7 {$ j1 |
44. Mock funerals
N& C9 T7 V! u( x) D& |# F 45. Demonstrative funerals
4 o9 W' q0 x' ?% a H 46. Homage at burial places$ X4 D7 J7 l) ]
& E: Z1 `8 Z3 h- X* J
Public Assemblies
8 A/ M4 W4 a4 Z, w 47. Assemblies of protest or support7 W1 C, c, x4 {) j+ {* N _2 L
48. Protest meetings0 h4 V/ z: g/ V3 S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% r( o" y" g/ {& ~! |: z 50. Teach-ins0 D2 A% Q& q4 i
% ^. G6 [) Q/ k) q6 A! B- m3 qWithdrawal and Renunciation
& v. {6 r" }: A' } 51. Walk-outs
% n, q l( d' D$ b1 Q 52. Silence
5 L7 R( p5 b- u* N- ` 53. Renouncing honors4 U1 O* V) [( u/ p
54. Turning one’s back
9 N, e2 \) u( h3 O9 G1 u; f; o I* M. T& @
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' S1 @2 B9 x) ~7 i- u7 X+ k$ ?/ y/ Y6 l6 d$ D3 F$ c U7 e3 C
3 Q( ~7 z) o9 E/ c
0 [+ d- a; z- l& X" y$ X- cOstracism of Persons
" ^: H i/ V5 \7 o8 q 55. Social boycott
6 b) \6 O7 ~7 A$ e' ~. _8 f8 W 56. Selective social boycott
7 @8 g8 Q# j: c2 c 57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ \7 a! g" d( l# z 58. Excommunication8 `1 X$ W$ w9 P7 l5 _
59. Interdict
) G2 U3 ~9 [. a1 q6 S" y, D( q
* d$ d) N+ ^6 r- H& g& Q; R/ CNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) L' G2 Z1 i, ]% n' r3 f 60. Suspension of social and sports activities* Z, V$ `! S `# @/ _9 s: U7 W' S
61. Boycott of social affairs
0 k" y* X( q' C& C- E2 y 62. Student strike1 ?8 [* {1 o" l9 w- P6 s9 Q
63. Social disobedience
- l' d5 z' G+ ? 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
Z1 e- v1 N6 w M! v0 g$ H8 ]$ ?" g' Z' o
Withdrawal from the Social System
+ {, _; p# i1 Z 65. Stay-at-home0 F0 d/ }! b: n5 l2 N/ ?
66. Total personal noncooperation* I% `- E! c- q% J% @, ]( q" f
67. “Flight” of workers! Y! O+ Y2 b" n4 g3 t, f+ o
68. Sanctuary0 b+ _5 }7 W2 v9 m6 V; t+ w: o
69. Collective disappearance3 [: h3 M6 J# M6 L! n+ t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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4 Y, i! X1 B. n, O/ h* ^: q
% A( B) p0 M8 _, N8 NTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- ?! _! ]; w8 O5 l
1 w: ~& ]! \# Z' Q( x
' M4 ]1 q" L& t( n1 WActions by Consumers
) q" L5 t3 d; v2 R+ l 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 d: C3 ^4 o. P5 u4 z/ } 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods* n6 r4 ]- E$ I
73. Policy of austerity) N* d9 q! {, b3 E/ _
74. Rent withholding
* J5 x. p4 ?, \- @8 A8 T 75. Refusal to rent E# k; r. ^3 B, ]5 ]9 t* W
76. National consumers’ boycott
2 v1 U3 \4 v! B 77. International consumers’ boycott, R8 f$ Q; Z- g" a& [1 E1 i
8 t& A! f2 L% x4 A3 `+ G2 TAction by Workers and Producers, Q0 B- F- p) ~& w% U+ J' s
78. Workmen’s boycott% }, L6 I6 m' I; }3 G
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen3 x) z% ^ W7 D/ M, V* c- e
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ w" u4 W) B9 M+ d1 z& H! Y
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Action by Owners and Management
& ?" J# F' o8 H3 z 81. Traders’ boycott6 C# h$ o/ P) u3 \# M
82. Refusal to let or sell property+ f7 E% L% R; A: k7 W7 k
83. Lockout
! a- N0 e1 `+ S4 s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 q; r) {) W& N
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 W8 v5 \' o+ a. y+ T0 }
; ^7 {( t( g0 U5 ?' p2 R% z" lAction by Holders of Financial Resources
3 I, X5 F: x4 @7 @8 J% @7 v. s 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! s' y3 y* x. @8 d" V0 k
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 X1 A$ J+ N8 H3 [
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) z6 K4 n* H: O. I2 o Y
89. Severance of funds and credit3 K3 l% N8 S: ~# B8 E4 T
90. Revenue refusal
$ {6 ^! F8 \7 B" d; w# B 91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 ^3 h4 F, I6 o2 l$ P3 F! X' L+ Q0 M* j& b$ H" J {, Y! W. L
Action by Governments
# |2 f# g5 U, l' x& j' x* Q 92. Domestic embargo3 k e6 M, E0 @' ~( x) {$ A
93. Blacklisting of traders" W$ ?: O" {- E5 O
94. International sellers’ embargo
! l) l5 K9 M- q/ n% c0 Q. S: C3 Q( c 95. International buyers’ embargo3 _3 A0 r) F4 ]# w
96. International trade embargo
5 |. t X) l' O$ _! L# v: q& j- m2 K" M/ M. a |* Z% d
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 a$ g# @0 m# `- j1 c$ b8 {; T* c0 Z
& F) \! W6 J: OSymbolic Strikes
) C2 \) f% F6 Z6 G h+ O 97. Protest strike
$ ^* |, L; ]9 C 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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, Z y' I0 `' S2 q+ u" oAgricultural Strikes+ f9 [# w/ B5 j% J* m
99. Peasant strike
8 X1 }+ @! [; m+ d+ s: x/ w, V 100. Farm Workers’ strike7 k6 }. v( W; T' S" v9 f
& t ~$ K; g2 J/ [% G( v: q7 kStrikes by Special Groups* g; l G! I6 l! l* R# _
101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 h1 b* B! E. { 102. Prisoners’ strike
8 l# l7 q' A! p1 P 103. Craft strike
8 Y8 B( |7 d7 |$ h2 P0 ` 104. Professional strike
: R, j* H' |: P& d) u: B0 S3 B/ F: `$ j8 u7 A R( P+ i- V, R
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
5 x( L& n" H- R+ h) B5 N 105. Establishment strike. F! S0 ^! W# n3 B8 C& z
106. Industry strike
/ v4 o4 R* Q9 m 107. Sympathetic strike3 C! J, ~* h: ~' w. M/ f4 N
+ U& Z6 Y% V+ L$ m" v! w7 V" j/ F
Restricted Strikes
& T9 Y. @0 a9 f% ~* d, X) r 108. Detailed strike
) Q1 }( n6 f4 N 109. Bumper strike
5 A; u4 ^9 o7 o1 ~ 110. Slowdown strike5 \0 p5 \1 q8 b7 H
111. Working-to-rule strike
7 m5 H/ A$ r$ m! f8 m5 x9 D( u 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 Z: U* {5 ]* `* h
113. Strike by resignation
8 F; q- ^: P6 N' {' ^6 R 114. Limited strike, @+ Y; z$ D* Z# n' g t
115. Selective strike
' s w0 a9 Y0 @% n$ l! Z o
" Z9 E& t0 z0 e% J1 s) xMulti-Industry Strikes( |6 z0 e. T% o Q+ i- l8 @
9 g5 }3 l' B# ?: M8 e% V
116. Generalized strike! I2 u0 t/ r' Z. t# } T
5 o& u( ~- ?% A
117. General strike
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5 N, w: @2 S! }( B. ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 {! c5 D2 S- @6 U4 K# K2 _# c3 Z
u* e" l3 l* K% ^ 118. Hartal- I, e% p0 A7 e* u% D2 H; O9 _
4 F$ A4 B z; j# W) u3 X9 J
119. Economic shutdown
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+ ]* y, A P/ ]
! X7 W! N* y- QTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
; |) w% m1 [' r3 }+ S9 o 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 y9 ^9 ^7 N+ c% P7 ?8 r: _ 121. Refusal of public support
$ i- X7 o& M" G9 j) G 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) m; s& g* \9 y' W; a6 U% t% y& j& ^2 s( s3 \6 c$ ~5 K" S
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: S$ J8 ^8 M! y# ^* y9 c 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 n) ^/ S+ f8 H4 m% j/ E& E) d 124. Boycott of elections$ }8 u- @, l( U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions: L {4 |) |& |
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; D) u* R s# f8 i7 n 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: u; B" c1 t- A! `% B
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' n) B6 y# [& ~, C, ?
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- ^0 c' i5 C' t; T. _
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' g4 [6 I% [$ A0 z
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! h* R4 {4 p4 \- w+ i; m 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ s- |. w, I" ` E2 j2 Z1 G6 x# y. l( q# P% [2 P. q
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. b; r$ q# M6 D! W' X# H& c 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. ?* u5 o( e. D% {8 W/ R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ R5 v. W/ `# e% @3 |
135. Popular nonobedience
9 A+ c( n) `+ r% ]5 \( t* e4 j 136. Disguised disobedience
: I. |9 F* [2 Z* p" m9 h# u, Q4 B 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
1 T) r' _9 M' W6 r# J% [ 138. Sitdown! |- I9 S: _; E- F9 z5 o$ b
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- A7 W F) C- \3 d+ D7 X( [
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 ?+ O9 }( [+ ]! u# o4 V" Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 o* }4 G2 ~7 w0 { ?* `
9 o1 e7 p' I M) K/ L1 \# |Action by Government Personnel
* w' z9 _$ A L6 m0 f- F 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( u* j0 e4 O; Q9 Z0 x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 s1 p0 J- \: C2 I3 X" K6 M 144. Stalling and obstruction5 C# {. J. E: b" C1 ^9 f! Q& f
145. General administrative noncooperation) Q K% `# ?2 |! m. J7 s
) l- Z; @) ]% c Z( B
146. Judicial noncooperation
$ j- i ~" w! t N: z4 ~: Z7 J3 R 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
g! D. Q# o! Y4 b6 d7 K 148. Mutiny
5 r1 i; Q) l" J0 u) e" A, _Domestic Governmental Action( @3 Y% ?* G# I0 }0 W
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) d% ?, A% N0 ~" i+ U8 q5 ~ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ x1 E( q& G/ _ H4 C5 E
) x$ E0 h1 V, k$ ~$ v. e0 sInternational Governmental Action1 J7 q+ Q. K8 G3 V D
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: g x, T8 i! r- v S0 m
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 e9 J9 J# d4 k& V# v' _ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ R! v- m7 p r( ` 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 s, F7 [1 ]+ t
155. Withdrawal from international organizations- m$ A$ y) Y2 e
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 m7 } m# T) w# |& B, R9 H4 n9 I/ F 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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- o! o) N% }1 f6 VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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7 U* \1 g* e# z: m( r# ?Psychological Intervention
. k5 M ?$ w6 f6 T: o 158. Self-exposure to the elements
- D' T) l4 K# n0 J5 U 159. The fast
, \, U1 i: A9 C! @# C8 h* U, u a) Fast of moral pressure& D5 S" X1 u( {' K1 t; j3 F0 J9 |
b) Hunger strike$ y/ O5 H0 Z! R% w* H# c. B$ @
c) Satyagrahic fast: }/ {1 ~3 O: o# l1 ?0 p
160. Reverse trial
8 V1 [# I+ J3 I& f9 K; ]& l6 W5 a3 D 161. Nonviolent harassment3 \/ T+ x. {! C7 k
- ]; E7 L0 t T0 j+ aPhysical Intervention' m0 F" \) E0 l( s
162. Sit-in$ G9 t" a) y7 W/ ?
163. Stand-in) L5 o4 ]* U' `: T! h5 b* Z e
164. Ride-in
1 }% r+ ?/ ?$ Q! g0 w0 }+ ~ 165. Wade-in
1 Y' D2 z9 z6 A) G8 X" n5 O! q! T 166. Mill-in6 _2 m) @5 W5 h
167. Pray-in1 g. J C5 v4 `. Y
168. Nonviolent raids& [6 G: j+ x8 G% u; K
169. Nonviolent air raids3 a3 x' C! |: l: B) F! c0 f
170. Nonviolent invasion
) e6 j1 p* o3 X3 K; c 171. Nonviolent interjection
0 e6 w, S; Y/ b 172. Nonviolent obstruction" b- _1 | p6 L- h
173. Nonviolent occupation2 y5 D& d$ q Y4 S3 i
% m! m! u* ?5 f( y- f. ]( [
Social Intervention' h( U ]/ p2 V& U
174. Establishing new social patterns
; B$ n$ ]# Z* Y9 h 175. Overloading of facilities
2 c5 s* v9 W9 l3 e 176. Stall-in- U! r4 M( i0 R8 Q7 V( o9 a
177. Speak-in9 E3 J0 a) V/ Z$ p) b# g
178. Guerrilla theater
' J6 x3 I; h/ }1 M: S' S1 l, [ 179. Alternative social institutions
0 F; K5 Y1 s& g, |2 H 180. Alternative communication system
% c2 [, m/ R& p. n6 `6 E, I; e
- m( U2 n7 J& SEconomic Intervention
" w- l3 Q. c, A4 d 181. Reverse strike! N7 x6 ?4 p& O
182. Stay-in strike8 ?9 {7 p# {4 T4 v9 A
183. Nonviolent land seizure6 F+ A% e3 s" P, d! ]
184. Defiance of blockades! c8 v! L, _* a/ Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& H" B3 ?7 G l, V8 ~
186. Preclusive purchasing
2 W) r, i! W, o: b" h1 L9 ~ 187. Seizure of assets& R% z0 B* L8 j: E8 J$ b
188. Dumping
4 B) _2 q: b3 X 189. Selective patronage
6 Z& V( q3 p6 K" B 190. Alternative markets% s( r/ p) N* n' M: m- M# e) F
191. Alternative transportation systems
% W! m& Y8 {! G f, F/ P 192. Alternative economic institutions
d* G* X y. U4 v: o7 J$ T1 s/ d' ~, {. P! }; z- i
Political Intervention; N% w E! o( q
193. Overloading of administrative systems$ T$ N6 a3 u) ? F1 k
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 n: @5 @& n, O
195. Seeking imprisonment
0 i8 |9 j. ?4 @* q) C8 o* R 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 g. R' q7 n1 h9 h; [, W
197. Work-on without collaboration; ~5 W3 e) X: b0 N$ i3 q, n
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
