 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ G/ Z* N$ H0 v N5 s
Formal Statements
w5 k/ I9 K0 L ^ K4 X 1. Public Speeches' g" K( ~" ~0 U) D# U9 n3 r) n
2. Letters of opposition or support, e- w: L$ G1 k) a/ K
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 I. A* D- a3 l
4. Signed public statements' v X' s* m1 n9 {
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 E) |6 o' c+ }0 [: T/ U# \
6. Group or mass petitions1 y0 @% S. z( l% c
4 h% W8 g+ q% n- ^; sCommunications with a Wider Audience
8 R- Z3 E5 }& T/ z6 W 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 a5 i% s/ b1 @* Z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 Z+ M- {$ N$ D7 s 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 ~9 a( h- T2 }8 f4 l 10. Newspapers and journals g0 C: }* n* p+ }$ h
11. Records, radio, and television& r \4 a* C% Q4 w2 A7 p
12. Skywriting and earthwriting- y4 v: O, }5 D7 a& ]" `: ]
0 k x% X* k+ ?2 J! a% i) cGroup Representations
) |6 \/ y! F* O3 I6 M 13. Deputations5 G6 H* {- ^; \5 O i( X
14. Mock awards
( E7 F t# _( l' t 15. Group lobbying
" O6 _# D" g1 S5 |5 S 16. Picketing a$ s6 B- A s- O9 ?: e" X) ~
17. Mock elections! U6 @# U- y( G& p' }
+ p" s# N- L$ N5 i7 f2 n
Symbolic Public Acts
% h8 J1 E6 F7 C% f 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 N1 G0 k6 Q C6 {6 U, x& B1 i+ d8 `
19. Wearing of symbols
( B3 s0 _& N% `0 M; X+ \ 20. Prayer and worship
f( H0 Q5 x8 u) z' K4 u; h4 I 21. Delivering symbolic objects
* w9 F+ @' S x* x: [; l7 X 22. Protest disrobings- S4 p, m) j* S! J, g
23. Destruction of own property
8 I3 l! t: b% c 24. Symbolic lights
+ V+ j' K" A" u. t9 u& k: b 25. Displays of portraits
8 g' C4 f5 _& ^, }5 K3 V' m 26. Paint as protest+ A4 ~! y, j9 d9 l, t" K- e6 E$ z
27. New signs and names; P7 L! T" v0 E; V5 W- J, D& H
28. Symbolic sounds5 {. s2 G2 B2 q' T
29. Symbolic reclamations1 L! U' P( }4 i$ l* p; G
30. Rude gestures
0 f5 ]! E' @+ v% a- E
; T$ Z/ M! C$ E* U8 A/ SPressures on Individuals
4 M1 X2 I3 e- c, ^ 31. “Haunting” officials2 s' V4 m* J- ~! C
32. Taunting officials
6 u/ q1 T6 f4 n! b9 O 33. Fraternization7 i& g2 J8 J9 d
34. Vigils
" [. C$ B1 ]) ^# T4 K/ {
/ w$ b% E' G/ d+ H; _Drama and Music
/ v: [, f( [( s1 g* W3 H 35. Humorous skits and pranks% e- j/ |% Y9 Z
36. Performances of plays and music
3 i$ D7 A8 ^% x& B9 l# C 37. Singing7 S2 V' W1 y1 m' N% f
: W: R8 L. B% p! Z! P3 J8 }$ L8 UProcessions4 w& c1 Z2 X7 ?6 C9 C
38. Marches
1 b4 d+ {4 p) m0 G9 L- F 39. Parades
* Z) D/ x) w; W 40. Religious processions
* ^ s; k: i' p5 Z- o* ]3 M/ L. |9 j 41. Pilgrimages- x% E4 Q- U$ Q' ^) s# N
42. Motorcades' U/ E" V- |" G) f, {8 T2 o9 S
! \2 p) K' ^! d2 A. n/ V' [) IHonoring the Dead
" P6 J8 }! t3 r0 @ 43. Political mourning4 q( s; S- ]$ G9 V7 K; J5 H. r
44. Mock funerals
$ L: }8 {& ~6 U7 U7 C 45. Demonstrative funerals
/ J9 Y* W/ F1 @- }, Q! Q# z% g 46. Homage at burial places) z" ]8 j; S! m( }& a, [8 ^
5 b' [; A+ C+ Y
Public Assemblies( n: _9 V! [ n
47. Assemblies of protest or support. O) Q( T0 n( P/ ?4 l, @$ [
48. Protest meetings8 z5 B5 Q. Z/ j7 O! L' L- F. w
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" E7 q( W7 f( p( F) ]0 H
50. Teach-ins
( d9 O; b+ q, ?! J6 Z/ E/ ]. D5 u- _- o, `
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. G8 f2 H! u* w 51. Walk-outs( i6 _" E9 I% F: V
52. Silence, b3 e' K) e7 J3 w# H8 p
53. Renouncing honors
: d8 X2 q- y, R0 o9 r- \ 54. Turning one’s back9 H* o% t$ A, D8 ]% `4 g# O, s9 K2 J9 W
1 X) V: z, @; w9 c9 ]* H2 }
2 e7 O9 f S; w. ^2 N
3 s6 O8 h0 x0 |% t NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
. N# e( e. j; O, O' a! S2 a/ m, c' ?8 G: Z8 q
p7 x8 C" m, k2 g, P) m K2 R( @. x: n3 T
Ostracism of Persons1 x: t# Y/ O; O! m
55. Social boycott
" E% n1 E5 m* q8 |8 A 56. Selective social boycott9 y# s' `3 u2 b N A) a/ p: b+ ?
57. Lysistratic nonaction7 |. S& K+ p; Y
58. Excommunication0 s) |9 l; c9 Z& J& P8 ?# H5 G
59. Interdict- S* V- D4 W3 W$ [! ^
5 t3 A. D4 {- s0 u5 f0 b3 F# s
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions Y# l3 l- _" w' E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' c" {1 U4 t/ E" m 61. Boycott of social affairs
' o3 m" r' D* e. w 62. Student strike
9 U* P2 N& L. ~7 O3 V; { 63. Social disobedience
# _: O" G+ e1 w+ ~! z% q5 c 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ W6 |3 u. V- V! r; t+ ]
! ^* S1 {0 k$ M% f; v7 sWithdrawal from the Social System8 M% S k3 q) {8 z0 {- q# T
65. Stay-at-home* J2 i$ w6 L& n- Z: k
66. Total personal noncooperation" T# F' i" C9 Z9 `% e
67. “Flight” of workers
& T. L8 ]: W' i3 D 68. Sanctuary
$ g8 ?# ~# D ~9 d% w' h4 {4 j% | 69. Collective disappearance Y& x- q ]3 N$ p( t Z, T
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 x# K3 p' v: d+ f+ p% c
; `8 y% y0 S8 }5 f1 v, q$ i - N k5 |6 V7 b/ q! Q4 A
# m/ w. F9 S. X# F4 J. l4 N, vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 W" D" x' N( M; g$ a
# \9 d) Y: A: f# t! w. t
( X' x; ~6 U. P0 g# J1 yActions by Consumers
5 r, Y& A! b" \7 ] 71. Consumers’ boycott: f+ i2 m0 i: T( m7 j8 n6 t# j1 P
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 y( o6 [0 F% D 73. Policy of austerity# E0 |! K; c% Y+ C( ^( i
74. Rent withholding
" d6 F _" [3 u# \% _4 k8 \ 75. Refusal to rent
( Z2 O0 n' _ z7 F& |" f* @ 76. National consumers’ boycott/ Q5 b! q* t8 T( I8 `
77. International consumers’ boycott5 C3 |- d/ I' x0 h, ?
' P+ j5 Z3 |7 T: Y7 ?- r
Action by Workers and Producers1 d, @% }/ L2 T" M2 \6 J% d
78. Workmen’s boycott1 u+ B' |" G& u3 x) Z2 U
79. Producers’ boycott
) G+ @/ X! b3 F0 S
' t U" P2 M/ c. GAction by Middlemen
% w/ `9 u& Y; U) W4 s9 W$ X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ e/ f5 o* l' l+ T0 ?+ |
' {& e4 v+ Z0 R- Y& w# R" N y2 `Action by Owners and Management- b0 I4 o. [# `# o# x
81. Traders’ boycott
5 g9 t& ^' E# u% b$ E ~ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
; M# [3 v$ | ^+ z+ Y 83. Lockout. r4 o% s8 q4 P+ z. F
84. Refusal of industrial assistance) M F2 p+ h \5 N1 x
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 i. S3 ]- h( C
8 r O7 s$ P* a: v, V: g/ iAction by Holders of Financial Resources
. w G4 ~# a6 B) L$ ^5 {7 c% ? 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" E4 I ]; u( j1 K 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. O* X& }: O1 e! ?/ o$ e0 P
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ [! P6 a; F0 O0 o. G0 Z
89. Severance of funds and credit
) @, G j% x3 Y, U 90. Revenue refusal
5 T4 O! i0 v5 q/ | 91. Refusal of a government’s money
# f9 y, w* o6 N: f. W
$ k9 z+ C% S' X% j7 V- I1 g; hAction by Governments
+ f6 _: f4 M+ Y% L 92. Domestic embargo4 Z5 J0 R- n* d+ p
93. Blacklisting of traders
* D0 q8 E3 J) T7 M 94. International sellers’ embargo
, Q% \9 j/ ~; D/ K9 Y+ t6 m 95. International buyers’ embargo) g2 B7 a: X2 ?8 L
96. International trade embargo
/ o1 F4 T; @( z) A
! Z! ?0 T5 l( u3 a4 U' N 1 i' z+ O4 [8 E, p3 z, f
5 u- V9 l( K/ v9 H" |3 y5 t# kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
, n5 H) C9 S3 v( _3 |
0 ?/ I& R; _1 D3 \' J + C+ K) ]) Y; U7 d6 W8 s3 F
Symbolic Strikes6 b+ b/ {! e' J# w- ~7 [+ u
97. Protest strike! N8 B' q. ?! N/ x5 ]+ S
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 J, k2 `5 Y5 e. w/ |$ j! R0 J8 E) V$ f
Agricultural Strikes, R( i$ I, a( Q/ b
99. Peasant strike% Y1 e6 K- X. q
100. Farm Workers’ strike
" d4 m! s, D7 c& j& P4 n# }, X5 W8 S- r; l. p- O& }7 D
Strikes by Special Groups
2 t; I* n7 E* u4 `3 J! Y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 f4 b. g* u1 D0 Y8 |, z; Y3 c- {4 T 102. Prisoners’ strike
( d2 F' {7 C6 Z; Y( H 103. Craft strike
- \! A9 Q" V7 w1 `( H& k6 b9 c7 d 104. Professional strike+ g; W- n6 @/ J9 \+ H& G) r9 w: B
, D9 x7 @& ?$ b, P7 D, m5 {
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
1 C" u R8 y2 U6 M9 c 105. Establishment strike- I1 F2 R7 v& `& c& \ n$ Y
106. Industry strike
% e% r) b/ u1 o4 i% }: o- O$ E 107. Sympathetic strike2 E5 M% g5 s$ [( J% a; [
2 @0 G* p& w A8 S1 A
Restricted Strikes
: G) t" f1 H) l, B- m- \ 108. Detailed strike
& L) Z9 }* _+ g$ V1 _' E- \ 109. Bumper strike
; u7 j9 m. m5 b 110. Slowdown strike
. O; [$ B4 `% g* R: y 111. Working-to-rule strike+ }/ M/ l( r5 H. n$ l* ~
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: Y6 h) f$ r7 ^2 |9 w 113. Strike by resignation; `& ^+ y, u4 R6 W3 n
114. Limited strike
! z- C9 a+ t i4 D9 e1 C 115. Selective strike7 k* u( [) D4 [% E% e) u4 B, o
5 A8 }& U" g2 I
Multi-Industry Strikes
& X( S' A$ O. s3 F9 p, S, O4 |* I8 B/ ~
116. Generalized strike& X9 O0 }' w( p* \# V
* m- Q3 p4 E( M 117. General strike+ E2 d1 r. r; H6 q6 Z
( c+ @' ^, ~ l8 `$ U1 f
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, n4 q$ J4 w1 }+ E0 j* Z* Y" o d2 ?1 _
118. Hartal) k% ]! v2 q: X% c! @' s$ @8 W- _0 }
1 m2 X7 }9 v1 o! \/ z+ V
119. Economic shutdown
- d. n A3 C( _( b7 g4 T& Y2 G
L! ]% w' ?3 z% S, j
5 K0 _8 }8 t+ x
7 ^* Z7 |! U5 cTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
2 I$ ]$ F- u6 M/ P' o9 O. B7 m0 J# c) \/ `: i+ {* c: S1 I
, V8 i, x4 K+ w; VRejection of Authority
) |: U. b2 f! i$ @% j9 j9 J 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance. F. G* z D5 G5 C6 a( A, X b
121. Refusal of public support
* U2 `; N4 k2 r" t 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 I! ~- S7 T2 j2 w( V2 Y7 u: e
+ W0 V1 h: S" H' H2 R
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 c5 U1 R5 K& \3 R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 H# D- s1 e( i3 j
124. Boycott of elections! F# o/ m$ N) Z/ B
125. Boycott of government employment and positions d$ m6 U" k/ i S
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; k/ ?% w0 b. y X, N 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 y2 e4 {! z, V6 D- o j
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ u. d1 F! c! I 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 h% m) U: y& D4 Z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. C" U0 v" U, D 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials% a( S, C0 G- p
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' Y9 S6 I, E8 m0 D2 W% I
7 u& @1 B9 ~/ n oCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 c; b0 `8 S/ }3 T 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" z+ p% f6 @$ |. l% y+ v& c6 b 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( V& x8 E+ D7 w/ k. }6 ^
135. Popular nonobedience+ t8 s G# ]/ z, I% S0 w- V
136. Disguised disobedience
K$ E0 e* H' B% J$ q( j! ~7 N' q: t 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
1 }$ B9 R2 L0 C+ A 138. Sitdown! F- m" f# A0 B8 d3 f6 L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# {: \: E! v3 J6 q1 o* ^0 `
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 c( A5 d/ A4 a8 x( b( d( R
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% e9 L& K( [ `4 p f
/ c4 X/ @4 I8 m+ A9 m+ QAction by Government Personnel
4 J: o1 S( l; Y& B8 H 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ X/ y1 }4 Q, \" j: b% V 143. Blocking of lines of command and information" C, D" ^6 U+ v, C S% t
144. Stalling and obstruction6 y, Q9 j) P9 x3 V& H- y
145. General administrative noncooperation
7 F* \ I* s9 c2 c+ k
, Y3 t- M: }6 |9 V7 Y 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 e- ~: d+ }; p: i A8 L! ?9 | 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 |. h9 z: W: R% W. W& r. \ 148. Mutiny
1 s! v+ P% t% NDomestic Governmental Action: s! K) T' c. e
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" s" x: [+ h d8 Y; E+ k
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ K. l2 }5 ]+ D6 R
: A; R- y: J: W( G) _International Governmental Action1 |4 _: D$ h! E+ J( J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 [2 f6 S( F: N 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; X% O6 q7 e M) h$ b% s1 ]; k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
4 v- S g2 j+ f9 c6 w+ A. } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- e+ {7 A! }1 k! A 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 y& a+ `& `# ^8 T
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- A6 R1 g/ c. f
157. Expulsion from international organizations7 T3 n9 Y6 h, o! J4 j/ k9 a
/ I3 i9 O# Q( \8 D
" \+ j% L5 p2 r. R0 h% Z2 j$ F0 `7 c* L1 T% p4 @& T5 n
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; P" j+ x. j0 S( V M
+ ^+ \4 O; Y3 z. f/ \
' v- R3 ]- S4 f4 l O: l1 K
Psychological Intervention
3 T- `' D" Q+ A+ D: J) E- l% z 158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 E- I0 a% |8 y/ ~& k 159. The fast) X/ \$ D+ Z* V9 f7 I
a) Fast of moral pressure
+ x( `' `. u" r% g b) Hunger strike' W* l: t& u% r
c) Satyagrahic fast
& @% ]7 ~0 A! n) u 160. Reverse trial
+ R7 K, o9 c! k2 o( b* `# k 161. Nonviolent harassment
0 Y, k; N! F" E" }2 x
i( f8 v! l' s3 Q2 e) B5 F0 |" [Physical Intervention
8 a: @/ g& T2 C O 162. Sit-in! n7 c$ N& D5 M; H6 W
163. Stand-in
) I, L( r1 V, ^' X* d* R 164. Ride-in8 E& }& ]$ I) q8 X1 y4 x8 V ~2 T
165. Wade-in; K* [9 `! r' ^: |0 G/ B
166. Mill-in
8 h( Y. }( T4 f' u: T 167. Pray-in9 h5 ?+ r( w. C# y# g1 l8 G5 z; W
168. Nonviolent raids
! d c) x& f0 N5 m4 y! T" ]+ O 169. Nonviolent air raids
6 r1 Z0 T2 S; } 170. Nonviolent invasion
, _0 x: S! {/ p' p2 U( ], F$ n 171. Nonviolent interjection+ N. M M1 T) o% @+ m6 f ~- Y( x4 {# [
172. Nonviolent obstruction; A, B( P& d8 ?" _2 e, y
173. Nonviolent occupation
$ |1 x; ~$ D7 d, n4 v8 y
/ E( O2 W! d7 y9 P: b8 vSocial Intervention
& W8 o* e2 z" Y# ` x' j* D 174. Establishing new social patterns
) p y+ X9 W% x7 a, b8 L 175. Overloading of facilities# \6 e( r3 x f! J* z
176. Stall-in
9 d5 d( m. Q# ^' e6 \1 Z* ? 177. Speak-in( I8 \7 A) y3 i- b& i
178. Guerrilla theater* n' ]$ Z8 e; N$ z, Z4 B3 [
179. Alternative social institutions
' v4 ^5 o. N8 c, ]# \$ z) C H 180. Alternative communication system+ [$ z( y0 R' D0 O, y& C) y
/ \ x/ m2 |$ S; T' k
Economic Intervention7 F0 _% W3 ~9 q, z' M/ f
181. Reverse strike
, q( W$ W! ]2 m/ o. p0 [% e, i 182. Stay-in strike2 B: H4 C$ K) s2 y
183. Nonviolent land seizure
' J# L; }, s8 l5 s& f 184. Defiance of blockades
; A* G1 K& {$ ?; ? 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 n" D8 _; N- s7 |; ~1 m7 l( C 186. Preclusive purchasing' l; U' [1 j1 u5 V: e1 {( }" r
187. Seizure of assets
2 A# O! `" R$ v0 x 188. Dumping
5 K8 u6 ~$ M+ Y$ x l0 C" s 189. Selective patronage2 S5 C+ K9 Y; i0 t/ F
190. Alternative markets/ t5 @6 l8 ?: H2 B. k7 z& m
191. Alternative transportation systems# { P$ U7 f9 _; k u+ P/ ]3 j6 R0 R+ L
192. Alternative economic institutions" R4 Q) i/ }9 K
* l" `2 H4 D, h9 b
Political Intervention
/ M) P' J$ Z6 M 193. Overloading of administrative systems
. j+ L: c: |: _ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 R' T, a* T" Q. i
195. Seeking imprisonment+ }8 m- s0 u H0 t
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) ?' }4 p* N" j! X' A) P& U# j
197. Work-on without collaboration; O q' ], o7 b' h/ k
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
5 ]& @9 e1 y2 W/ B1 b
+ ]; p3 A3 ]! j* ^9 o) B |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
