 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, P5 ], r0 I/ k/ }: a
Formal Statements+ S1 A" V& p' K
1. Public Speeches
4 f/ Q# X* s% v" a) w 2. Letters of opposition or support
7 @( K4 x6 E" Z8 g7 [1 W8 m 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
r5 j8 n6 m8 \9 v# X' q# ~* w& y 4. Signed public statements
; ^4 X5 K# J' c5 f; Z* w 5. Declarations of indictment and intention: @% n* C( O6 E8 A6 a
6. Group or mass petitions
) V2 d/ |+ f" |8 v1 a8 l
5 g3 I1 X& ]) Z' _6 ZCommunications with a Wider Audience
1 k( o( ^ n0 F" ~/ `, Z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; |7 M/ M; Z9 v I& U/ n 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 G6 a9 ~: b0 C9 R. }2 |8 c) y: Y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 a) J3 l- V& e: e: U 10. Newspapers and journals( o9 U1 k/ x, d1 D9 U9 V5 }7 O
11. Records, radio, and television
3 x- C) h; j8 Z4 R3 f9 W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 [5 c' u9 N- |, E8 M
* K# n9 w* | xGroup Representations
$ p6 |) q* U, ^+ h1 \3 y; N* d 13. Deputations
+ s1 C# p/ a( g. e% i 14. Mock awards8 U2 ?: ]8 H4 T8 p
15. Group lobbying; M9 Y0 S' V) H6 l0 [0 M6 p
16. Picketing
) v7 _1 b7 c# I z- g2 w 17. Mock elections
7 W9 ]2 u; _% K1 w# z
* n0 j$ H: W8 v% _Symbolic Public Acts
- B. `& t7 L' w8 l 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 z7 Q2 c6 q8 M w
19. Wearing of symbols. L. A; o5 \& I5 ^- U
20. Prayer and worship- |7 T: r/ j6 r( o' \$ P
21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 p( X* h% G+ {! Y( F! A+ L: P0 T 22. Protest disrobings
9 w( a# D$ g a, K. F 23. Destruction of own property
7 \6 }- y: F* z8 Q- g 24. Symbolic lights9 ?0 j2 |* `3 O/ L. \& |4 t( E
25. Displays of portraits! P, `% e( o( ^+ n( W. G
26. Paint as protest7 C5 o1 J+ l! z7 ~
27. New signs and names
. {, Z) \7 ~3 F3 F8 e2 l 28. Symbolic sounds8 E% J& w& S9 P: A4 m
29. Symbolic reclamations6 k) z, Y* T( D, f) [" t
30. Rude gestures% X8 | `$ D7 g: G
+ N( e+ R& p; I" V9 ~/ A" O
Pressures on Individuals; v( _& n0 S$ h# \
31. “Haunting” officials
; G7 {$ G2 y) r, | 32. Taunting officials
?* t0 S! D$ a+ l6 t' R8 r% A W 33. Fraternization- s# l, Z+ S0 k4 B2 G
34. Vigils# L/ k! y% Y' z& ~
6 d6 @, q6 ?0 ~. \; u: y% N. b: R
Drama and Music) V6 c# T; u; T/ ]% \8 @
35. Humorous skits and pranks" Q1 e9 g' O2 o2 S
36. Performances of plays and music
6 m1 B( Z# {( b4 E; q; d" ` 37. Singing
) S5 L; z# k5 d) j6 N: \; M
, ?6 t6 R: V# t+ I( H0 _( rProcessions2 |# `7 q- z7 H& V$ N
38. Marches
% r9 i% U1 p J6 G! E% N 39. Parades. u# Z! g7 P# }5 O3 G! Y$ R
40. Religious processions
/ b$ @1 O9 w$ O. t2 P0 G 41. Pilgrimages# c0 V+ p: O. j3 C7 g6 |6 | s. {
42. Motorcades$ A/ u$ Y$ C7 z+ `) l
9 _" Q. x$ {$ a7 i; }Honoring the Dead
) q7 m0 r5 d9 t 43. Political mourning
) v$ c) S# o1 ~! R, w$ K% y" X. n/ f" l 44. Mock funerals
" O% W& x1 `% F) Y8 E9 K 45. Demonstrative funerals- c2 [5 |5 J2 m& `( \5 |7 x
46. Homage at burial places8 p' t$ `4 X4 x
" H- ]& @' L/ M: N; h- @/ d, X
Public Assemblies
1 p" H; R! x# N" P. ? 47. Assemblies of protest or support z) R/ ?7 i4 L6 U) T5 R H7 @2 i
48. Protest meetings
; `, n; Y5 N4 S$ m) F. `5 S- w 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest. D$ d% M. N2 t$ A5 [0 Y) ~) |) F3 `( V
50. Teach-ins! p' m; z4 r; H# n/ z1 u
0 v* l( x* C9 @* Q! { S' E
Withdrawal and Renunciation
8 [, b; X1 t2 [& { 51. Walk-outs7 D3 O" T8 I+ w4 U' S& w* y! F! k
52. Silence
+ c4 k* S2 n/ |- k% d' | 53. Renouncing honors2 u: S0 d, p- j2 ^
54. Turning one’s back$ j- R* `0 l8 D* n2 V3 Y; y a
1 H1 `! g# Z8 s* Z
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$ g/ p% r* Q9 `$ I4 OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- {$ y0 C8 k* O {9 \/ M
" z/ ~, a5 B. N3 o8 d ( Z' [: \& G8 g/ {
& ~9 u! v8 M; z; A; e: g jOstracism of Persons, z {# X# s4 _3 w
55. Social boycott
6 @0 d$ @5 L3 Q/ B# q 56. Selective social boycott, |" l! l2 m/ K/ E! t
57. Lysistratic nonaction- {- ~1 u. c( C
58. Excommunication
2 P0 U( u5 W7 O 59. Interdict( H3 A4 Y* X+ N5 i$ q" I2 Q* b
1 y+ X, v j9 kNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 [3 \7 C7 c. E3 t2 z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 D& H2 |; T3 O: o4 A$ o) | 61. Boycott of social affairs3 e1 ~+ }9 o1 [, H4 T! _
62. Student strike1 q& Z) X0 U6 x4 M2 @+ l
63. Social disobedience5 V S2 ]: N7 ?
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) t2 x/ e% G+ M, \: B
* ~) p2 h. P7 o1 R: q% a% @Withdrawal from the Social System
2 Y$ x4 B( I" l5 b3 W- ~ 65. Stay-at-home
- ~% \' g2 i. p8 q 66. Total personal noncooperation3 R2 H# a; Y5 J4 Y. J
67. “Flight” of workers
6 \) E J6 o9 T 68. Sanctuary: m- R4 a$ N# W5 d/ t7 H- l: l
69. Collective disappearance
' c. ^5 o% j4 R8 v, N- z1 d3 U3 T 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
' m n6 k3 N" E. O2 p3 f
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
Q. `; U+ ^! z/ M5 \* G9 _/ `5 E9 A; h2 l% p. L
6 F' x+ b4 f V- O* E2 w
Actions by Consumers
! l1 D: i h, l6 L7 U4 ] 71. Consumers’ boycott
! m0 m5 n0 s+ {6 V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& n" e4 }6 O+ S4 v! w
73. Policy of austerity
- L" @9 m3 q J# y 74. Rent withholding
: j+ W3 s7 ^1 k. A9 D. f 75. Refusal to rent- {1 G+ d2 B+ e2 R2 [
76. National consumers’ boycott
# {' ~" y" p9 i' B+ `' p. x 77. International consumers’ boycott; q T% c" g, U- ^; o
. }, S2 R' B. a2 ^
Action by Workers and Producers$ T( K: Z" Z0 V- h L; @
78. Workmen’s boycott
% n8 H+ m0 n: N9 ` 79. Producers’ boycott
" ~/ `2 z) E/ X5 [! d2 ]
. l" Z- ^+ ?/ c9 v: BAction by Middlemen* W+ e0 t+ _% y l
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; J: ~: ~! W, N4 ?1 l
4 u, w- M W* \5 i& H+ J5 D
Action by Owners and Management3 W5 F8 p8 [; ], |8 A/ g6 a# C
81. Traders’ boycott
5 F& V! y. F2 ^: [" u* K, { 82. Refusal to let or sell property
, L( s8 a6 ]4 `) C J 83. Lockout
9 E' N G6 g: S$ {, k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! ~! o+ h5 m/ b1 G$ T 85. Merchants’ “general strike” {0 \+ r. q. C* b3 Y' k/ X
7 N- }) W% ^, t3 {8 g
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& A- y; K& q6 O: P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( c$ d7 v8 ?( u1 d5 w9 a3 k8 s
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 D8 A( |7 L% w1 E8 A5 e 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) O2 G! [5 {3 u6 G# `0 l9 d' q- N
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 @+ l1 A, D4 n3 q: z$ c/ w1 r; ` 90. Revenue refusal; ?2 U) Y! ], E- I
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! q' M5 j5 B' J1 @/ r6 u0 U0 B: I4 z y' m
Action by Governments$ o% i Z5 Y/ s, k" h
92. Domestic embargo
4 H3 J& C8 k d+ \. S 93. Blacklisting of traders
- H3 c% K/ o; f9 x2 X: c 94. International sellers’ embargo4 a: x) m$ g) B% d F
95. International buyers’ embargo
$ R1 i1 v" z0 g% |/ Q, g 96. International trade embargo# W8 w0 E. c$ l" t; m8 w8 \1 M
q: |9 s( g3 O* B9 {" R" T$ W# ?4 @) F 9 n+ m& e% U6 v( c, G: x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 }" ]/ e* b/ ~, r! L/ w
/ O) r3 j& S2 M% X! b 2 `4 d. P/ x: A2 s5 X4 }. v
Symbolic Strikes
+ h2 v% x0 D- U( U2 `2 d# P. ~ 97. Protest strike
' M0 d3 z A8 c7 \9 d: b 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' S6 F- p. a- ^! f( W: ?0 j0 {/ Z7 _* O/ t
Agricultural Strikes- J: f, o2 O' k8 b* [
99. Peasant strike
' |- B( r; X5 x 100. Farm Workers’ strike
% R1 Y6 @! ^5 c0 h1 F
% q- l0 G1 Q* UStrikes by Special Groups; ?. t( Z; L+ ]0 f5 B
101. Refusal of impressed labor0 \8 W) Q) Z5 t2 z) b- S0 b. h. O
102. Prisoners’ strike
+ a( I! B) X; w 103. Craft strike5 m: k* }# q s& G& y% ?, r3 y: D
104. Professional strike" ^4 [- Y6 ^. Q `" E
: W; P2 M& z, gOrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 Q7 y; [ o9 Q" ~5 Y5 [+ Q 105. Establishment strike
7 |% r. r& m6 W5 c9 v1 }( r 106. Industry strike; H7 i9 r1 ?8 N* Q& g' S
107. Sympathetic strike" c$ v2 g# y: e; H1 Q! s+ @: ~' @$ h
- ?, `/ `* Y) [( CRestricted Strikes
' ]+ D% I- W1 V. M" F4 j1 B+ k 108. Detailed strike: M8 s4 ]9 q1 J* Z% g
109. Bumper strike% ^4 {: p0 Q4 Q5 N2 S
110. Slowdown strike
5 g, S3 o9 F5 ^- b d/ P 111. Working-to-rule strike6 Z7 t- V6 Q- }2 S! k. }
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 _2 s8 }; Y+ u" p# X9 r. z
113. Strike by resignation$ r5 z; n2 U8 M# ]/ [% F
114. Limited strike
- O( e2 [- Y r" r+ c0 q 115. Selective strike2 _0 W5 a9 u* l, I- ?- Y
' @9 v: R1 p: c- G6 ]
Multi-Industry Strikes) D" q8 y5 v: |" t* p
4 _# r7 A7 `9 L" |7 K0 `2 }
116. Generalized strike
$ U% W: ~2 R6 Y- ^2 Y7 Q
5 Z/ r4 E, ]2 h" b( N7 J- Q, r 117. General strike2 H5 d: e' o, a! A y# y) Y+ j
0 A& ~: R: d3 t" T$ X
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
# T7 P, B4 K* r+ O3 O$ Z
5 l: m% l. V( j/ z5 \ 118. Hartal
' \( y4 j7 Z, P
0 o) x3 u! g7 D+ K7 z6 K4 r 119. Economic shutdown
1 f/ `* I$ i+ d+ F M6 A6 I6 ~5 q& `$ R
8 Z5 V" K, J0 a: y# u- f! h5 d5 u
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, u0 [" |% {7 T( |, V, E3 O
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Rejection of Authority
$ G3 Z* s9 o9 t: f* b5 e( L 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ {* `! {' b# G ?0 C: M/ R9 m
121. Refusal of public support
& I4 U0 `! L0 t$ q/ G4 i W6 Q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 C; @3 h" m0 j, _+ U K$ H; ]
# I% k# ~: x, _3 ?' O! ?# bCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& {& I1 @5 x; U5 {6 ? 123. Boycott of legislative bodies- O# z; L% n0 x0 f
124. Boycott of elections! |- a6 f$ U5 r0 P
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! Y6 n: z& R; [" F x: i
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" s* f7 M& d6 R% x/ c# [' e
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 C( \0 R, |; H
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; x: U% \$ `# S1 ^1 D% h1 X& {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 }8 ?. R4 [5 ^" c+ L8 M8 w/ A 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 J G( O) S7 E- S; l' t v 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials$ G( K# Y5 v1 _+ X
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 m; Z% l3 V: ^5 C, u
. `& Y- V8 J0 U: u. ~7 y8 \Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 X2 N! y6 s u0 M 133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 b; ?: S* K" ~9 F z; c2 ]0 P
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 f4 @3 d* |, t( V" i 135. Popular nonobedience+ H: t6 m, Z3 ^
136. Disguised disobedience: y6 _" R0 y j# }- t
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* ]1 k* d9 I9 X/ k+ u' L+ ^2 D
138. Sitdown4 t/ ~: _: I U2 B- H
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ X3 @1 v$ h7 e P8 V- g 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' l* a3 z4 t* m5 L 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 m& o3 \' w7 U8 a: Z
2 H$ G/ M4 x9 Z) Y3 N7 H6 x0 g2 w& HAction by Government Personnel o, e1 f4 }6 P3 W$ R ~- Z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# A) i. W2 n, u: l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! K5 i# h) Y C* M
144. Stalling and obstruction9 T, N4 f9 Z$ E( y
145. General administrative noncooperation
4 H% @1 U& a2 H% S1 g1 o$ J5 t0 a6 N+ @2 s3 |& K
146. Judicial noncooperation. ^ w# ?$ @9 C7 [' q7 B4 a5 `
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' k7 U4 ^/ r1 x
148. Mutiny) }, e# S4 n7 K, G4 b, w' U+ h
Domestic Governmental Action
7 ^8 j* P+ M. @1 ` o: |( T 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; D8 W! Y* x% ^3 i5 x1 n0 e 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! ?; ^' r: S: h& e0 A$ t5 F
; G0 ?! `. Z" Q6 N- K
International Governmental Action8 B1 U# u/ L$ @* p- e* p- d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 _6 j3 p2 G; C. O P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! ~8 u2 y7 e& O 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 G5 n( j d7 o9 M' n1 b5 d- d
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, z, t) _, C1 P4 e% n; ?( ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) S s4 D3 h: e6 h, e! T 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies4 R: l% E6 M7 ^' O2 x$ S
157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 @+ X( [6 V4 n5 K& ~# @
( F F) Z, a% I" @% z* \1 v ; b* S/ @0 f& L
$ I0 P4 q- y. S# XTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' W) f, s. u$ H1 L) S- E) y
: Z5 H, Y" E4 @) H
' u0 r- H6 a+ e; XPsychological Intervention6 J0 o% ]0 j2 [7 \" i
158. Self-exposure to the elements
: U& l! Q/ n2 L. L5 ~9 {) D+ ~+ e# S, W 159. The fast4 u' l/ j% J* M9 m0 w' x
a) Fast of moral pressure
5 ^% K* a/ A: p6 r) ]" `$ u& T% R b) Hunger strike
3 V/ s; d0 L$ c. ]4 E! V. a7 { c) Satyagrahic fast v4 B: G# H6 b* o
160. Reverse trial& D( `8 | m7 R" @1 m
161. Nonviolent harassment
x. u. x+ }/ u* [5 z- W" l' O
$ q9 @4 f5 `0 T; J0 wPhysical Intervention9 U l! n# u) w! F2 [1 c/ W
162. Sit-in, W1 ~9 a- u( L8 a& {
163. Stand-in7 e0 e8 {$ q: _- H& s+ o$ _
164. Ride-in
' p9 z8 M; l0 a 165. Wade-in
* z. L0 U- T$ t$ S$ O+ v 166. Mill-in6 I8 h4 F/ a0 \
167. Pray-in8 g% O1 }5 M% \7 ]
168. Nonviolent raids
5 O2 q5 j3 M% \* ^ 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 Y) J- i4 k5 d, e8 C. ` 170. Nonviolent invasion
t& m- Q4 I# u, t9 ~: x. o' J 171. Nonviolent interjection
3 s# q, b- f% [$ @ 172. Nonviolent obstruction% _" b! ]! E. l
173. Nonviolent occupation
+ q% j( ^4 v9 s3 Y" s Q5 C: S4 u" z6 Y' m# j
Social Intervention
0 t/ S! q$ d2 Q4 L5 p$ p 174. Establishing new social patterns
( ?, Y0 r/ Q- L2 I# l 175. Overloading of facilities
) S+ j; D6 y" N$ Q4 A) S/ K 176. Stall-in6 g- ?; C+ a, M
177. Speak-in* D0 E V& @3 H; M3 ]
178. Guerrilla theater$ H2 y# N1 _" f) _( U; c1 r1 G* U$ G/ i' a( u
179. Alternative social institutions
~5 }/ }1 h* @ L) t3 c 180. Alternative communication system N, H( G. ?7 ^
0 b4 `6 H' C F9 t0 \
Economic Intervention' H2 W% p& l9 U3 O
181. Reverse strike4 q4 l# d+ c+ s$ m: g
182. Stay-in strike5 I; \2 `! f9 \. W
183. Nonviolent land seizure
# c Z/ I. D! e7 K 184. Defiance of blockades
* m+ }9 X4 j! v) v+ _5 v 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& [5 D; F" G# D$ j
186. Preclusive purchasing
& w. Y4 {# A! r1 x5 K' a2 V$ D 187. Seizure of assets% O" U1 q$ ]% t2 Z% ^
188. Dumping8 E9 h' {& H8 e: {' @$ K
189. Selective patronage E l6 H$ x5 i! K
190. Alternative markets' Z5 P" q( ?/ B/ l1 j
191. Alternative transportation systems
. }1 E8 d1 [, i6 z8 l7 @7 Z 192. Alternative economic institutions# n9 T8 ?% y$ E
3 F1 v! t5 }. o Z: G% L# \0 r
Political Intervention( N8 C( a, E3 Y" S7 d6 X
193. Overloading of administrative systems
w" Y6 O5 w, Y0 J) y$ P, U 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 P7 t/ O( G. y- j- O 195. Seeking imprisonment" n) }6 I: U$ x- I4 e$ C
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
{; M9 a, I9 [- y 197. Work-on without collaboration
# ?; t* I$ k5 T% j& p% q6 f& b' ^+ M 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! w- F m" ^ R" ]$ w+ [
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
