 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: x2 W$ A7 L N; XFormal Statements
2 z' [7 `0 B6 \5 d) n2 W& Y$ f' @ d 1. Public Speeches8 ^8 U" k7 G! m
2. Letters of opposition or support
5 e+ P& ?+ j9 u0 a9 m5 z* u 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% c( p% f& C$ O& D# v2 f 4. Signed public statements: o; @8 m) s. ~% a2 u w
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 S1 p4 Q, o; Z/ _. N% w 6. Group or mass petitions
$ m8 w# T- i7 p3 W0 ?
6 _+ v& X& r1 P* H) H: W6 LCommunications with a Wider Audience
5 \# j2 T3 p$ a" i+ j 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 m! T) A6 y- U( W 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 ~0 }/ F+ f1 k, O( {, W2 n 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! o& n9 n9 O ~( A
10. Newspapers and journals% u' _& ^4 e) Z5 u. R2 E/ g. a. Y
11. Records, radio, and television
! p6 o4 c6 b$ B, A% R 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: N- J' y5 }4 T# q& T
# l1 _# ]2 L5 ~6 A" GGroup Representations% ~; g# V+ V9 d2 A
13. Deputations4 a* ` }& ?# |* T- m1 \$ ^
14. Mock awards O% Q1 X& W6 b6 z! B& D. {8 V
15. Group lobbying+ W4 n: |$ Z( p/ I! x$ m
16. Picketing6 {' e( ^1 _% Z' ]; y
17. Mock elections
0 {# `/ k3 y9 _% A+ n2 \' Y/ W8 q7 P
Symbolic Public Acts! S7 j+ l& W+ q8 D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ I# K7 |! \# c% L" P 19. Wearing of symbols
2 D# S" l9 }) ]- c) V& C 20. Prayer and worship$ `" Y) X: {3 ^ t/ ]
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: _" \+ t4 d+ F+ J 22. Protest disrobings
0 f+ ^3 E& c( x1 k% y 23. Destruction of own property
3 c6 f2 D: m# h6 D 24. Symbolic lights& Z, L9 m* }1 L; T0 b+ b
25. Displays of portraits: J9 Z% t% g& Z+ F R
26. Paint as protest6 h9 K( e4 i+ g* D: o' N! A: z
27. New signs and names
" g1 T9 N. m" O7 b+ n3 ` 28. Symbolic sounds D7 r- O* n o
29. Symbolic reclamations
5 e& P2 `( H6 n" o4 | 30. Rude gestures
' `: ?+ z# B; e) {3 C
- I* x, a& E- a& m4 z8 APressures on Individuals
' p! l8 g3 E! b$ t6 q# Z 31. “Haunting” officials
6 y) U' f! V, e$ @( {; k- {8 }- |! J! [ 32. Taunting officials0 c z( p8 s: F; x3 _' [
33. Fraternization
, w+ b9 i5 H0 b8 l/ e" L. Y/ S 34. Vigils
+ w: L; M5 K* J% ~
: Z5 _# d4 ~8 v6 \" SDrama and Music7 ^4 O$ j: B0 u6 h
35. Humorous skits and pranks
' C/ o' w* z1 Q! [7 V" ]4 q 36. Performances of plays and music: E: @ ^# j" u, Q8 ]% [
37. Singing
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- o+ W L& }1 Y6 _Processions& L1 l; h1 i, R4 J1 ^' ~; |* O! c
38. Marches
$ ]/ W# o9 g4 I3 p" B 39. Parades
, T4 A- @6 M; F* N+ b$ } 40. Religious processions
! A! |3 p6 s& r% x" l3 F/ l( _ 41. Pilgrimages; g) h& Z% ~0 M
42. Motorcades0 D9 K& q% t& E1 K* f4 [
u' `% F/ l* V# FHonoring the Dead
! s+ `) Y z- G# B& V 43. Political mourning
; {* t# _) w# }& m6 b0 q" ]1 m' ` 44. Mock funerals
3 D' A$ j+ @( Y! }7 I) n& S 45. Demonstrative funerals" a5 H `/ S& ?2 P: D7 N
46. Homage at burial places
/ f/ A1 F5 z" c$ W& w$ {
6 [- C+ \% O% c" S" j/ ]Public Assemblies
: O8 h, D$ ]' R$ `; t6 i 47. Assemblies of protest or support
: S4 ?4 Q5 S* C! {1 o 48. Protest meetings
4 e, |, L: ~% q F! y, q9 W* f9 B, x. u 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 `8 F: A+ l4 g1 S5 Z L 50. Teach-ins R# j8 q% M! h, h2 |
1 `4 k2 I8 i/ x9 F
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) u3 B# f+ H6 T) ?( g 51. Walk-outs
1 D9 R" r8 N9 ]4 t; A 52. Silence! r: R* J( N( Q# l) c* U
53. Renouncing honors" x3 G; [6 Q- c) K7 k7 p
54. Turning one’s back' g( O/ O$ n7 r0 o+ L( S8 C; _+ o
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9 e+ C3 `$ y( q' ^$ N, a+ ~; V" w" x7 d- y
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
& F* n; Z+ P6 ]. V) U1 A# Q+ M# p" k) g
8 t6 D( ~4 T! S9 `1 |5 x! o
4 x; H# \# e5 v3 h7 h
Ostracism of Persons& l% j* u3 L8 K" g8 Q L& d, H
55. Social boycott- a/ {) g+ k" o5 q* i7 b, [
56. Selective social boycott
5 ^% W5 D6 Y$ Z! ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 {! m/ g$ g( A+ }
58. Excommunication
! A/ `7 {1 L$ y0 V 59. Interdict" e/ ~& P% i6 l2 S/ @
: W% U( W6 U' N5 d n! Q2 o; FNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" c- }5 C$ E$ k0 s8 U6 I. |' V 60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ {$ N+ g( f* j0 {: f
61. Boycott of social affairs
3 Q" r6 V6 M, G+ O 62. Student strike; q6 G: S% k( K8 ?$ i" u
63. Social disobedience/ t/ k- @. @. B! M" d4 g! {0 U' w
64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 R9 {0 \7 `5 G! q4 A) |4 O
; P( O) U% q) t& L, ~$ a6 I/ aWithdrawal from the Social System
' [1 H; [( ] {7 D5 e0 N: K 65. Stay-at-home
+ @; T1 z7 ]4 Z# I 66. Total personal noncooperation
2 h/ c% e3 C9 C/ U5 i% N$ D 67. “Flight” of workers3 ?( a7 z; g' y, [; Q
68. Sanctuary
* C7 x. h3 {% e/ Q4 m# a& j1 C {5 \) r 69. Collective disappearance& {2 _8 i" P/ Q6 j5 z) ~7 w
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 b5 V: ?9 z7 `9 }$ s) I
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 K5 e- G3 a0 w' h. q
D) `# a5 F. j9 E) Q# u+ k, H. x
6 y2 H5 t; u9 c# gActions by Consumers% P( Y2 v% K" F) f
71. Consumers’ boycott
$ _1 A; j) Q3 {. I, D/ ~' f+ J 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods6 W9 K y+ c+ [ ?+ t$ ?
73. Policy of austerity c+ y3 s' f0 r) x; @ |
74. Rent withholding
- O, D0 M( w* D0 B) ^# S 75. Refusal to rent
& ~( T8 Y- j' G7 G 76. National consumers’ boycott
% R- F- @% q F) Q5 W5 N5 Q$ D# t 77. International consumers’ boycott
! K5 S, Q% R( x9 l
1 u+ }2 |3 G" U NAction by Workers and Producers
) G7 f- s- N$ e) X/ q 78. Workmen’s boycott& s a4 j; h2 L, t. `
79. Producers’ boycott3 c: M7 z" b# B. o5 a2 X
/ Z* C2 g1 p1 u) D6 k5 s
Action by Middlemen
- X0 K" g" W1 @" w8 `' L& J9 r 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" z( T3 Y8 @/ ]& L$ j
2 }: F D" ~- Q2 ]- ]+ k4 jAction by Owners and Management
+ D0 I; {7 G* s* b6 r 81. Traders’ boycott
, ]1 ^: W# g r3 M+ h4 L5 D9 J 82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 ?! p- v0 Y' w5 w& T5 S8 F7 | 83. Lockout# K( S' s. o# E( f2 ?) R. {
84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 h( O/ c7 M( z. S
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- U: ?- v3 U! c/ q8 e9 t0 l& n6 f2 v+ b
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" f; F6 m5 \. _4 o& u4 H4 ] 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" A2 V% q8 _0 `/ L$ N
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& b" C# ^3 W/ Z9 Z8 n 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 G; Y8 |9 m$ U% G 89. Severance of funds and credit. k3 x! L9 t4 `
90. Revenue refusal, U+ U+ R4 ]/ I/ M. F
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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4 l3 ]4 Y8 V- J& x0 l9 [8 @Action by Governments- n; x' A7 r) U. t3 j: q2 A
92. Domestic embargo$ u8 s' {& m1 a% K3 K& L+ y
93. Blacklisting of traders
; @4 c7 w) |* i" c 94. International sellers’ embargo
: ]4 C3 N p, j! | 95. International buyers’ embargo
! J: U+ K6 ?; L. p; K3 _ 96. International trade embargo
2 _# O ^1 w& ]; M% h4 I' \, q8 D7 ?* K4 F$ x1 K( P
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% l% w$ w, m: c! N& m5 g ?1 {
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2 J( G6 Y# L5 c4 j3 T; b& `
Symbolic Strikes( w& U+ [& k/ ? H6 c! M
97. Protest strike
N, g. E; L# O7 y$ w, t6 G0 T+ p/ Q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 {9 G) h5 H1 X; Q6 m( \* h* N
: C: G) E: J9 H( s" w' Q& P( uAgricultural Strikes
5 y- h5 h' K4 l% @- j 99. Peasant strike
3 B( T: U2 U& _8 r( L' X3 b. j1 k0 N 100. Farm Workers’ strike0 k* [; ~* H' b, [# ?% y- g+ w6 D
9 i# |2 A% V3 ], L& f' R5 n% WStrikes by Special Groups
4 Z7 L+ T7 x; T+ @, ~ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
% x( P. b8 |7 L) {5 P 102. Prisoners’ strike, r0 g. n( H/ \' _( |4 g- i
103. Craft strike/ z- [, g% {$ [( Z5 A
104. Professional strike/ p$ C' ^5 a+ v5 F1 s4 |$ w
& H. U: j+ N4 O, b" x* tOrdinary Industrial Strikes$ v0 ?8 S! w+ K9 e; R0 p0 q" D
105. Establishment strike
+ b6 O l/ R: H6 {, J" q5 N 106. Industry strike
; F1 n2 N* b/ j! |5 t+ `0 x 107. Sympathetic strike
0 ~% i) _1 @, f" W6 S7 p. U1 u/ ?1 F# i6 Z) G5 i
Restricted Strikes+ b* X6 E% N8 W J M% n2 a
108. Detailed strike
% T2 U/ w1 _0 `7 }3 r 109. Bumper strike
/ K7 S, ~- `8 b9 |1 | 110. Slowdown strike! r; m: e+ t- o1 M6 P( `
111. Working-to-rule strike
! T: g& Y; f0 f4 ^, u$ q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# t7 D" P& N; y( d
113. Strike by resignation/ w" S7 R; i" d, N
114. Limited strike
1 U- g k8 B/ x/ z; _1 e } 115. Selective strike: ~7 i+ N4 B/ Z) Z* \- p+ ~# R
3 t# k- U6 r+ _, k% nMulti-Industry Strikes, M' }- }% D9 `" t1 y* t# p
! e& t6 f! k# p& R& p ^1 B 116. Generalized strike) X$ I8 P! H2 F9 z5 m0 ` _% e
0 w. i/ M+ t' F/ p/ b9 z7 r
117. General strike
5 [% e* t; v0 j( K* j+ \ ?
9 U& L# o- ]- l; h B1 rCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 z8 n) ~# B6 M$ F. I7 b6 c) ~+ g% S
. @; i7 E' V1 r: n 118. Hartal
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2 d& F) Z( o7 H: V 119. Economic shutdown
3 g5 x4 [3 M/ f
7 f' f) [# c) P5 { ~3 O ' Q- F* r% @/ K0 C( _
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# Q( b W. ~; T" K* b7 O; p& R# h
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( g, p: P7 V# p$ VRejection of Authority* F! T$ F/ a, c Z/ o Y; ]+ O* k
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
, ^3 _$ \1 V! l7 b7 t 121. Refusal of public support
# M' I; o* w/ @+ N" g 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( h( {: N, P0 q4 m1 }# \* O$ [2 V# c- X: e2 j/ j- m" c/ ]
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ V6 |# \, h" |3 M- ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ n. G8 ?: s F8 W5 ?' E
124. Boycott of elections- [6 }$ |/ e8 ?% ?5 c
125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ R8 r2 J: u* g( f: X
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) a2 U3 B" `3 d. ]2 _( T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 B1 c$ x. M& V( {5 _& [# m% v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- [8 b+ \0 A$ r
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: `. Q7 m5 p* F. f
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ @$ T5 [3 n0 D/ }% Y6 n
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' T6 p' o' X0 t8 B
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& y9 O" R' d2 T8 V6 T; \
7 i; C8 D2 ^+ A" P$ JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* Q+ ]1 m! c3 S$ B* z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 ^+ U6 x; l+ c, n, c' H 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) S: i" W" h6 B- b. B% j' g$ @8 r4 }
135. Popular nonobedience/ u Y9 B+ x% X
136. Disguised disobedience5 p# w' |* N$ u) `
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* b7 f4 u+ {. q ` |* T" ]4 `
138. Sitdown
: {/ s, D7 Z, F) n( N- r 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ O- F) Z9 P6 P 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 M3 f1 r4 `0 Y' @- u
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 J0 Z, F* D$ n$ _/ X3 x+ r7 }! z( Q
: H8 {' n+ }3 Q) r! `4 ?8 B R3 HAction by Government Personnel. T {$ f1 `+ X9 d4 d# V y' @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ g8 o7 o* q# w+ D. P) u
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 V. p7 `3 L( f" d9 V8 g 144. Stalling and obstruction
4 U( W2 a4 ^5 S4 ?& w/ f2 ? 145. General administrative noncooperation* J8 Z4 [- I' f9 E
9 a/ v: ~2 O+ ~' s4 I: O" q# `
146. Judicial noncooperation0 ?- ]' ?# M& E2 J9 a2 c' b+ e& }
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ l0 x& `' j; H 148. Mutiny
. Z' F6 g8 N' O9 m# |& s6 FDomestic Governmental Action& u P& Z0 X" n1 w, D
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 C- H% b& u1 o6 m( T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ {. ~" y9 f# Z4 h( M
# f7 g; V' r) @& Y" {8 q- }1 KInternational Governmental Action
- D0 M" t" u7 y8 y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* H( E/ g& p( y% z1 R; L 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) m5 q3 g" u2 u% I& A1 T: p6 K; m5 L, O7 ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# } i, g8 ^! m* ?) p1 I
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' y \$ t3 l, P( z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations J8 u3 @5 P5 N2 i
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies K7 v/ W' p L2 M3 I
157. Expulsion from international organizations8 V/ T3 `& Z l: U ^5 X: N* b$ h: p
2 U* C0 B9 y& z; y% Q - I% d4 G8 K, ?! e+ w
1 N" B+ W9 [* O- vTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 G) N v5 c0 F& ]% x2 Z , [2 c% l- D U9 B/ {4 y
Psychological Intervention2 v7 L, ]7 x: [: b2 b; Q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
& ^6 B3 h; A6 G, z1 ?6 ^ 159. The fast8 y! b$ d/ j7 ^& S* v
a) Fast of moral pressure
* _6 v% U& X3 b5 ~! K2 a5 h' ^ b) Hunger strike
& w3 ?! _0 S* @7 x+ i$ L c) Satyagrahic fast
1 o8 P7 J& a! p 160. Reverse trial& p9 ?2 Y$ L. a% U+ N4 J
161. Nonviolent harassment# o+ V+ L; k/ M9 q2 Z" R
; @+ V/ v9 z% m& P# VPhysical Intervention& j8 ], Y/ u! h( T) { z
162. Sit-in
4 g! v# R2 L# k7 Z# q 163. Stand-in
( F j; U4 R, Y: J8 L 164. Ride-in
& R/ u: i: ~% J) a* w 165. Wade-in
" B- ~) m1 R- K 166. Mill-in
: M7 B- s3 u3 |( Z, o* R/ F 167. Pray-in8 u2 b7 E* l. L8 j
168. Nonviolent raids
5 G5 K# K, I$ r, f# k 169. Nonviolent air raids& m8 q& ?+ b0 w% ~4 ^' W
170. Nonviolent invasion, d4 v6 L& _' ^ H) W
171. Nonviolent interjection3 y v; t3 \( t% d) p$ S8 B9 p
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 d/ t+ V. U% U/ P: u
173. Nonviolent occupation
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3 B* T9 Y* L) c4 C% sSocial Intervention& j8 t! v8 E( z5 Z+ Z5 l
174. Establishing new social patterns
2 y' r* K# ?4 n8 w% ?2 I, a 175. Overloading of facilities& U) M P' F" Q1 E& k! T1 I# E
176. Stall-in( g6 p3 C/ a" h& k: J
177. Speak-in, E$ i8 Y9 H5 n. ~7 q
178. Guerrilla theater. Y" _/ Y# | d3 X# C
179. Alternative social institutions7 G: L+ q* `+ x( e6 | @
180. Alternative communication system& p ^7 [6 H P4 H1 y, n. X
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Economic Intervention( z/ V, q; V0 q- L% ~, i
181. Reverse strike
8 d+ @* ?# d! g6 e a; g0 M0 \ 182. Stay-in strike
* ?; U7 I$ ^" a/ z9 H 183. Nonviolent land seizure6 x# a0 Q6 Q" q; F& X% Y5 H5 w& {
184. Defiance of blockades; X( U$ H0 D3 H% H# A
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' l9 N5 j5 S( u" N1 B. W5 _$ o
186. Preclusive purchasing
, `- b: M' M, R5 g) G 187. Seizure of assets
: Y& Q9 W% g( S 188. Dumping
: N$ J6 T8 `. B$ {" u 189. Selective patronage' |6 C& ^ A( {
190. Alternative markets/ Y* v$ r t" V0 n2 |( z
191. Alternative transportation systems: L) X- c' f1 \9 [) o% Q
192. Alternative economic institutions
) y# r, q# |) x5 H* u, r" O
9 r: Y' `$ }. s3 Z$ X& n9 APolitical Intervention
$ u/ }" L: j, b2 B& p 193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 @# n$ R6 y: X! p8 g 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. m- z3 K+ Y' }" ^. o
195. Seeking imprisonment: y" G: s1 J. e( v
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 n3 N9 [4 `4 K! v0 n 197. Work-on without collaboration9 a% S& B. J4 H: }
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* h! n! v* A5 I1 Z: ?+ T
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
