 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' `1 N8 l' X {
Formal Statements
& S8 \" |3 G* F2 U 1. Public Speeches
6 g/ N( ] a* j6 K; U2 I" \/ O 2. Letters of opposition or support
2 |$ C/ {2 o( q; q6 o 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& N- k# p* L4 I1 v
4. Signed public statements
. l% Y6 [* L' k5 p* e( b 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. r n. r4 G# }( i 6. Group or mass petitions% q2 Y$ z3 K, g' i. d
' M. i6 Z1 L* K$ Z& p
Communications with a Wider Audience
, Z+ ^, m* }" m( K( g) ~9 i 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ @: y4 l8 i$ c: F r% ^
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 C5 T$ c- l9 q% r% X9 M+ V2 e
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
. _$ }, [6 M6 X5 G: N4 o 10. Newspapers and journals/ u G% }: \! T I+ @, f+ A* j
11. Records, radio, and television
+ P7 S% K, z+ C: O) X 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 W: }2 w: F* [/ ~2 s6 z! g
$ [! L( V1 x' B' |/ OGroup Representations; d8 \, v4 t+ {
13. Deputations
( ]" ^, a% [5 i9 _4 p6 s J 14. Mock awards
3 n) @8 h; N* U+ T 15. Group lobbying
: G l5 B6 G# s- n, \( A$ B% } 16. Picketing
, S+ j& q" |* l3 F 17. Mock elections/ S& G# s7 X( Q% a9 c- A! j
6 G% q4 X# Q! ^
Symbolic Public Acts1 i- p- M) f, u" T, j8 I
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* W3 _* v/ i( N: |
19. Wearing of symbols2 P2 \/ E# ~( S: ]
20. Prayer and worship' i, E1 n0 u# u5 U
21. Delivering symbolic objects& j% n; g9 K# F$ q/ V/ B
22. Protest disrobings5 v/ [/ m5 P. y$ Q
23. Destruction of own property
' @/ f% j' \6 \ 24. Symbolic lights
7 n/ W! r1 ]/ I3 K, K# p6 ]' M 25. Displays of portraits$ h; ^( e- v: |4 J$ `
26. Paint as protest. ]- V+ g1 P7 W: |( X
27. New signs and names
9 O; l$ B6 j, S! B8 \6 L- d 28. Symbolic sounds
E; x+ |0 A/ p" O4 k6 R- V 29. Symbolic reclamations: {- t3 |' w8 h7 H0 S
30. Rude gestures
: E2 \% F, n' b: a6 f `9 E! @# j5 z# i- d& G" ?9 e
Pressures on Individuals, ?3 p0 W8 V( e7 k0 ~* z
31. “Haunting” officials
# S1 N# }7 u0 G* D* Q R 32. Taunting officials! F+ Z; W. @7 B7 v; S+ i! u
33. Fraternization
; _, z7 t/ [ v( W# s 34. Vigils
5 |1 Q: A* _5 G, x0 N" J" a- y* p& }/ w7 y* k' {
Drama and Music9 Y% O+ T8 v. l) @
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 z. x# s8 a8 E% Q
36. Performances of plays and music
2 R( j: |" R# I( B% r6 s 37. Singing
4 r! a3 M9 u- L) b Q8 j: L, {. `- W( G$ D
Processions
6 J L5 f, e, E& D5 T* S- H- J) i 38. Marches
+ S8 V7 e. @) o' Q8 m3 @) f 39. Parades% [5 B: T, {% h! ]" u8 d
40. Religious processions
5 ~! J! F+ W: S7 r 41. Pilgrimages
9 @5 {1 f* Y3 [! V8 G; ?) P 42. Motorcades' A' \; p5 }& T b
# E. D4 u; k! k- JHonoring the Dead: d1 L# G6 U0 E" m! I* e. B6 o5 i
43. Political mourning! {9 S; Y9 W- d+ R3 l- f
44. Mock funerals
! J# l0 K: e0 ], b' f2 b3 Y 45. Demonstrative funerals
M) t6 N" W0 f @. E3 Z 46. Homage at burial places
8 S+ D! S+ l" E3 o. o0 g6 _' i; |4 x) i* L
Public Assemblies
2 r7 H' c/ [- C) o) u. g! T 47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ b" x; u. V# z o8 R 48. Protest meetings- e, s6 q! }3 L2 c0 i/ D
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. [7 q1 f* \8 z 50. Teach-ins) l) b8 q9 J; s0 H
) Z" Z' I$ d* F) @/ T
Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 T' x7 _& K/ |. D$ `1 C# g# o 51. Walk-outs" j7 o( c# \# t7 M
52. Silence r/ K5 s5 M& q. C3 g
53. Renouncing honors
0 m$ e$ }0 U! x; g4 _ 54. Turning one’s back9 C9 g5 F9 w; O6 F, S8 m5 a# y
9 U5 [( A2 `! E2 \# z! v; o
. e$ y; z; O( x7 R0 A$ Z" l1 p& I. Z0 b' Z: A8 z* O% a) m* f* D
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 S' S/ m8 u+ G3 z& P$ g8 T4 M
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- }; v' i+ Z P% }
' } t/ `) I. b0 \/ _Ostracism of Persons
0 @" I! G- D0 _' G$ a; ] 55. Social boycott) d q/ r+ r$ O- o, @
56. Selective social boycott' e, Q1 b8 z/ L* z
57. Lysistratic nonaction
. h- G1 j1 e; j' S9 |# ~; Z- _ 58. Excommunication: s m2 K+ J r+ c9 `9 w
59. Interdict$ t5 Q: d% I8 l+ h3 y N$ y2 ^
$ {5 A: Q8 Y i. @" W7 ~6 m
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( a, Y; p7 a* O* G" M
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 A' {, m, ^$ O3 G- x- F2 Z 61. Boycott of social affairs
; s2 }* E0 j) h- P3 q 62. Student strike
" r: @' T0 [2 w 63. Social disobedience
" u/ c( q4 i$ o/ W% k3 s 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* e- q7 e4 X0 i! u
x! _$ @: c8 CWithdrawal from the Social System
. C/ O6 K0 s' A: B* z 65. Stay-at-home6 u7 {9 I+ e; ~7 l0 E, g" p
66. Total personal noncooperation
. _- `. J, z: u; v2 ` 67. “Flight” of workers& g0 _4 k: K0 w: f! O9 \" P
68. Sanctuary
" E4 @ J( R" Y, l9 G/ B 69. Collective disappearance
/ d' k' V. a$ X" ?3 X 70. Protest emigration (hijrat), I3 e% t6 g: U" m* z3 L7 u4 v; a
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- I3 G1 r: y; A) X" fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS3 G# V1 c: }2 _# b
& b4 \) H: f6 O/ o+ A* w " `7 o, d/ C& ^7 @
Actions by Consumers% n2 }# b7 O3 s7 M/ e" r
71. Consumers’ boycott/ Y7 y+ }8 \& ~/ x
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" y* e" L& d, J1 d$ |/ z; {2 |
73. Policy of austerity
2 f) m1 O( l. B 74. Rent withholding
( a8 a( s* Q% X5 T# K0 x7 f 75. Refusal to rent1 h- K8 a- v$ ?/ y7 M- |
76. National consumers’ boycott
0 f: U( p$ Q1 w" Y. g 77. International consumers’ boycott/ }" J0 I& I+ H9 n$ E
3 O3 R. L( }. n4 ]Action by Workers and Producers5 K) \% u+ W8 F9 N
78. Workmen’s boycott1 X M: A \- w! o
79. Producers’ boycott& {5 \5 v5 b: |8 H" A- v
& z8 x0 b3 {4 c y
Action by Middlemen1 F" W9 Q0 i5 I/ f. V
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- D2 R1 y. {! T$ h: W
1 h/ v7 M$ R. `' P4 o% y7 }Action by Owners and Management
5 [4 N+ Y# f: a 81. Traders’ boycott
7 p3 ^7 m9 b D 82. Refusal to let or sell property
. \+ ~2 p* c9 c0 j 83. Lockout
2 f9 \ T& z) ~+ R. r1 ` 84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 S% D* d- n: I8 J9 C% _3 s6 K% |9 [
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( l) G) b( f2 q! X
! l4 _* [# K3 m+ [ l6 CAction by Holders of Financial Resources
( X }, a7 T4 O F0 Q3 H 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits( U' E. I; m% {4 |( ?# Y: {1 P8 r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% `) X% |+ i1 E: t8 W5 l4 X2 m2 S q T
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
V1 D4 C% ?/ a! M0 z, i 89. Severance of funds and credit9 |" v$ T4 i2 h/ V: t" p
90. Revenue refusal
. f- @' T8 Z, ~8 D( i3 ` 91. Refusal of a government’s money* w( F5 y2 H& m% e. `+ k
) B$ h- K+ w& X
Action by Governments4 N3 N0 v+ E$ U' a, I& V
92. Domestic embargo$ z0 T* x2 z) L- E
93. Blacklisting of traders8 M; L- _6 J; h4 Y. e
94. International sellers’ embargo5 \; G4 B) X5 J; s \7 ~2 q
95. International buyers’ embargo; c9 T1 Y U/ p, Q6 g2 {
96. International trade embargo
# e7 P/ f) X' J5 d$ N- v" e, u5 s3 g; O c7 D6 ]$ t. u
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0 o7 _) K r3 nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
- U, ~$ K Z7 {+ @7 }
5 ], t: O, q, a
$ o; M' M( C! m. \# w5 PSymbolic Strikes2 \5 x" t. m8 t$ u# r, K
97. Protest strike2 H9 T8 f, a7 v H6 c1 J1 h C
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 j; N* |' r$ W# {" ?/ f( u% G+ r9 k
' M! {: {/ a7 Y# l4 D
Agricultural Strikes
) F3 m7 j n* n8 y 99. Peasant strike
( B% M5 _7 u* F) J 100. Farm Workers’ strike, K2 ^# N) j( l( _: o- o/ C9 |
* d8 X: a3 e5 X
Strikes by Special Groups& Y$ R; b( M2 s
101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 Y; C6 o3 L8 d- c9 r w. ` 102. Prisoners’ strike3 ]5 r$ N/ v s+ y
103. Craft strike
0 E% V, N. r$ a+ i. I 104. Professional strike) T3 q7 H; b. M$ r1 e7 S
5 t# l4 W; f3 T3 ?' b6 D
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
* v5 E L8 b+ k. x b& d- D 105. Establishment strike6 m y# h' C9 S7 t1 ~, E8 B0 [
106. Industry strike
3 R& Y8 i* f/ x( n* q4 _ 107. Sympathetic strike
# {: S5 d0 i9 B: b1 x+ q/ ?$ Z
- t: W& c' _6 ?; F7 }8 o6 q# |! |* uRestricted Strikes
# b* U6 \2 ^' [* R 108. Detailed strike
, V4 g. M* [3 Q, V9 i7 }8 H7 P& ]: n 109. Bumper strike. ?# C/ d0 S/ u
110. Slowdown strike; ~5 S$ \* l) @/ m0 B2 ~8 O( `
111. Working-to-rule strike' |0 A7 M0 D3 l3 d4 H- F+ h3 z
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& n8 v/ }% M+ e" h* [1 r& { 113. Strike by resignation
, d/ U: a. Q/ o$ S$ H5 t. v 114. Limited strike6 v8 u/ _1 b; h3 \) d
115. Selective strike$ Q+ Y5 g, t' s# A u
! h* Q8 l. f' Q% X0 i2 B$ d
Multi-Industry Strikes
9 a5 q' p. E; `. S; ~) D L, ]
2 K. o8 i9 w9 `: w6 Z( o. y0 ? 116. Generalized strike( D( k: R7 ?$ g. Q# l/ |9 Y+ C
, s' s( ~) }( a& @' n% L0 B6 n6 s
117. General strike9 [# i% E. K5 Z0 ?) t; O
0 p5 h8 V* X8 d7 h4 F& m
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ e% Y" X v# F+ ^/ V' R# m) D3 H+ ^6 L8 a) [% Z
118. Hartal0 {8 @" L% C0 t, w3 B$ z
" j: I4 ?9 `" _6 @/ n0 \, v 119. Economic shutdown
9 H+ n( c: I! F0 h7 r
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
+ x; i5 D6 [5 [$ H 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# N8 ~* A k" y5 u
121. Refusal of public support
0 ?' ?+ Y2 b& z" `7 k! @ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# \% w6 g+ n3 I" n* \
8 _) z7 L- l$ {Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 T* M4 M$ u$ X! |4 {9 c 123. Boycott of legislative bodies, k1 i) Z3 m, L! K2 h1 ~$ V
124. Boycott of elections3 G; W' J. s" O) N3 d* K) }, {
125. Boycott of government employment and positions* d5 D" C7 q' |, u2 p
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ [0 Z+ g/ d5 o 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: u1 N4 ^+ ]$ X1 e* i; V- q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( W4 y* U% z; _2 g6 n% v& ?4 R
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. d6 q9 p! V9 Z+ P6 x' m 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 R- R' h, F) E# i 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; m( n9 c# @4 z8 _7 J- R 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ N- w% d7 o5 q; L
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' A y2 V% D: n0 m$ c 133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 a6 {$ M! c. R/ I2 R! I7 a G
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; S/ w+ R9 H5 k2 F
135. Popular nonobedience
3 T" b. M( |, x( n ^9 z* F 136. Disguised disobedience% z/ u" d- v- s/ h" l8 T/ \4 Y! w
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ H- n! s% v0 L, J' l
138. Sitdown
. O. f0 ^+ W; l* O4 C 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, `1 ~7 V) O- R0 C3 j2 c+ o$ J( S6 b3 M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( a; Z% O2 Z0 d8 c$ n4 h
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! D7 h L2 J1 i7 V: y
5 L/ f. M% L8 \) v3 ]0 a: oAction by Government Personnel( z2 |' X; K, a- d
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. a( W6 V1 b0 ^" C7 W V4 W
143. Blocking of lines of command and information' a6 W- s# \( T6 e8 h- d+ n
144. Stalling and obstruction$ \6 O: H; F* K1 H' d
145. General administrative noncooperation6 f# r3 t! W/ ?2 Q+ k. E5 D# B
6 e/ B. R4 V& M; e: j) d3 f 146. Judicial noncooperation: g! \7 A2 @/ |- {! T3 X5 `
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& V8 L( I! x) X9 n% v, O: ~1 |. u 148. Mutiny j# j7 o5 ]5 o; W6 t/ g
Domestic Governmental Action
; [0 Y# G7 F) t; K 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% {* ?! A) J M$ i* y; j
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ N1 b6 J/ | o [6 j9 @; z3 C
7 _* G: x2 X: `5 G6 b
International Governmental Action
" p: A+ A8 R* H& S9 R 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 Y; G; ^! w: K
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 g' q$ y% ~; A( ~ o 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; U0 }3 a& e. I' K/ |: T8 O [) ` 154. Severance of diplomatic relations! C' N4 D" R$ P
155. Withdrawal from international organizations! U5 y# T; I8 q3 I6 q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies! J* a0 q0 M3 s: n- u9 O" c
157. Expulsion from international organizations
# y+ U5 y; N$ z! b, S: B1 P& ?1 ^/ c, Y4 X! F5 ~+ x
+ @3 ~. W* S# u; ?+ T0 L/ f' s3 r
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* }; k# \* [. p/ p a6 f, y3 }
: U+ M, Q! `, H- X( ]4 \; ]/ J v 6 Q9 O0 r: M8 E' A# ]8 Q
Psychological Intervention
1 t2 h( {1 }2 z a+ r 158. Self-exposure to the elements
* g* w) s t+ f- G- P 159. The fast+ \: ]+ L6 U) u9 m: u
a) Fast of moral pressure
: j8 W- F# P* e4 s$ I b) Hunger strike E7 R5 J, H$ G4 R3 q5 @0 ^
c) Satyagrahic fast# D1 i5 V/ l* Z& E" G& p. @
160. Reverse trial6 y% _3 F t, I
161. Nonviolent harassment% z/ G. R. M/ y3 r# u g
" \5 w/ ?" Z7 E$ q. X
Physical Intervention% |5 Y/ g2 E- c9 s/ L2 C" ]5 }
162. Sit-in) n5 y( l9 R8 d+ r4 `1 }/ [
163. Stand-in7 F% Q4 S8 e; _6 F4 _
164. Ride-in1 }4 M0 G1 W' k4 |( _+ Q
165. Wade-in7 |) V2 z" w. l: v. z1 J
166. Mill-in
9 d9 |" M% R# y; w! a/ w+ [/ e 167. Pray-in5 C0 r* {9 I$ m% m) m
168. Nonviolent raids2 o7 B" c7 A9 h4 y
169. Nonviolent air raids; Y! r4 z- o( `' G' F
170. Nonviolent invasion l# G8 t- L F- u# z- K! a- Q2 d! X
171. Nonviolent interjection
% }( H) L5 T% ^& U0 } ?( ] 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 c0 b8 J' H- {4 |9 n0 Q6 K 173. Nonviolent occupation5 N$ D4 F2 g4 F& N, r, ]* R! K
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Social Intervention
4 g% p) ~# g' E, D( G O" q2 M 174. Establishing new social patterns
/ S r8 ?: n) s8 L( k! n( p; e 175. Overloading of facilities
# s9 b7 X( {4 R 176. Stall-in
: Q {1 m) e- A' O7 s* q 177. Speak-in
2 v) d# v2 }9 t4 h' L% C 178. Guerrilla theater
( S7 l, D. G- j 179. Alternative social institutions
: ?8 o. j, l8 V: K; Y7 H0 ~ 180. Alternative communication system& J4 D' _4 I# n5 {' o. t
5 E% }) n. ?/ E. @% m1 NEconomic Intervention; S6 L' `' V! s# \2 C9 l5 D
181. Reverse strike! O) b6 v" t, B4 {' c& r& u
182. Stay-in strike a3 k8 m' Y# B' C8 _
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ E' ?* x2 S$ q
184. Defiance of blockades
3 \6 r$ S. J3 g. c% u 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# s: S- H' d a- w5 e
186. Preclusive purchasing
- w9 U4 ?" K6 J* q) ~0 g0 d 187. Seizure of assets
, Y$ r* r3 q8 D: c6 n' G 188. Dumping
$ a: `, ]# [2 U3 u8 Q( t 189. Selective patronage6 `: u' W t2 a* V
190. Alternative markets% K' E! _) b0 e5 @: J
191. Alternative transportation systems
[5 G! k6 s" Y 192. Alternative economic institutions
5 P5 w. D/ M6 k+ i" t4 w0 ~& m
6 o0 r' g; `% S1 zPolitical Intervention
$ \, r' _8 v; U' k; i 193. Overloading of administrative systems1 j% }/ n1 h W* c/ [; }8 \
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 {. \5 R0 D3 P. \( ]! C/ Y- z 195. Seeking imprisonment
: z# |) R8 l! g; t 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# N X7 m/ r/ m8 c- @+ i
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 h J9 V" ^- y2 D 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 G7 R9 [. H0 i7 l. m3 r. k% A
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
