 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, j+ [" Y1 G9 N# ^$ P; B8 a0 V, z
Formal Statements& a2 G7 |. F) ]7 j5 O1 G1 |3 w
1. Public Speeches0 Y7 H: j( ^; L/ s$ h. P" }
2. Letters of opposition or support' g: V6 G& U. a' g) s
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 q, t) a3 h& V% F- x3 ^+ ?' X
4. Signed public statements
8 Q. K# { J# ?# R 5. Declarations of indictment and intention: V& [& _' g) z5 m( `3 J9 ~# g' J
6. Group or mass petitions& Z2 X9 D% B1 Q! z8 d
: E: Y5 U! h c+ ?- ACommunications with a Wider Audience
/ W, g$ ? `' I4 b% I$ W9 m 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ T: ^8 [. c$ P" a3 E
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
a; n. l; ^* v& {3 `) m) f 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 Q" H$ |' `- ]9 N7 n0 }' ? 10. Newspapers and journals5 w: T' g3 A0 m7 w0 X9 @$ n7 k
11. Records, radio, and television. C. x# S0 Z! W3 s9 A
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 P* K: L$ ^. `) ^' a% v3 b, f* B. S0 ?' B' O. v
Group Representations
! E& a3 I$ V, r% t. d5 t 13. Deputations
- X+ ~/ v: d# N0 }$ T: v/ p 14. Mock awards
) |7 k1 N& Q/ n 15. Group lobbying7 M; w" I0 b- r; g: D+ W- C: }
16. Picketing% f3 Q. k' e( m
17. Mock elections: V2 [" F0 O; S4 R5 p& @8 R9 W
M* u5 {. i* E* f+ A- xSymbolic Public Acts
5 k. p$ T* e6 j! v4 P5 B9 t4 z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 j/ M' p; b" S. F( V 19. Wearing of symbols. n- v3 _2 c9 H* B3 [
20. Prayer and worship
/ M9 p& N. F4 C( q! M0 b/ ?; Z 21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 c' {- E8 |( J; a# S+ P3 H 22. Protest disrobings% O( [& l5 [' c* `
23. Destruction of own property, X4 h& Z) v e! Q/ d6 ~
24. Symbolic lights" J1 a4 M( l0 N. t( E: s
25. Displays of portraits& @3 ?' Q& F. b2 _
26. Paint as protest F% ~! a2 j3 o2 S# |
27. New signs and names
: o+ _. i( K- [# c 28. Symbolic sounds( x2 `3 m6 v# Q
29. Symbolic reclamations( `' L5 h$ N# e5 j5 p( k
30. Rude gestures
1 m( e0 E! K5 b( z$ j# S& @& \2 v' Q: c. M F2 j% h/ }! C$ c9 ^
Pressures on Individuals
2 f6 x1 f& @# ^6 p 31. “Haunting” officials
" ^9 q; F8 H, J; b7 m 32. Taunting officials
0 K* E8 f( x/ { 33. Fraternization
" z& T9 p: h$ N/ N 34. Vigils
4 [* r3 d) ]# W$ s) Y) l8 A3 N; |8 y- N& @) q& v' P
Drama and Music4 B; F' w! @' R0 }% G; w; A: ?
35. Humorous skits and pranks: v- r2 M* Q9 T
36. Performances of plays and music0 Y* B! [- ?1 c( D: r- Y+ }
37. Singing G9 P+ N: e- W
$ W1 h+ Q( [1 S- D1 O) Z
Processions: v6 q, k3 U7 [5 F4 x. _; \
38. Marches
$ z1 y; k1 _! h+ R8 [ S& U 39. Parades
0 R0 m1 o, w% g 40. Religious processions
7 n4 F& v" b: M# n) j9 [3 c9 o3 `; }8 k 41. Pilgrimages5 O' N3 G9 p: [7 Q7 q( n3 X; {
42. Motorcades8 y# a. ^& o" r+ {! j$ W, Z7 m7 Z8 m
$ p U5 c4 ^' SHonoring the Dead
2 E6 J3 a* g; W. ^8 n" k( T0 ^3 e: P 43. Political mourning
9 W0 k4 H( S6 q( w/ n2 y Q 44. Mock funerals
4 i& n. \6 _* F* u$ ?8 j) @( D) N& D& |: A 45. Demonstrative funerals- L/ S1 n# [7 ]; s# J
46. Homage at burial places
9 z+ F- l( F, j L {! l9 |4 U8 ?
% i# K: y) J% l& r, w/ QPublic Assemblies: v2 O; R2 m; v' f8 T
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 b1 h' L' c, x3 P& s0 _" i 48. Protest meetings( r% Y2 t- e R7 B3 ^+ v: ~: l
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! u" L$ Q9 v E, z 50. Teach-ins$ n. ?7 T' \6 Z3 S. D- z
! t$ c- i, f6 \9 t% u: P6 l
Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 v) j( `1 Y& h% ?6 @2 c' k3 S 51. Walk-outs1 `3 X: r8 ]9 B- q S: Q4 D
52. Silence
/ \. h/ L, Z _8 C! B8 L 53. Renouncing honors
4 ]6 {% U0 q8 k" [- x1 Y- V 54. Turning one’s back
) J4 m r0 I7 v/ }
) x% m6 z, T2 n! t: t1 ?, M
+ }# S3 | C3 ^6 D. ]- ~( O
; N4 N. j+ e8 l" N) S/ W' H7 jTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) M( y1 ?/ ]" A( ~
* a! t" X/ l0 U( e8 U' o, Y & u A: a! q, t" O6 [. d
) c4 p# U4 s" `/ i7 O m
Ostracism of Persons& @1 V, l! Z w; K
55. Social boycott
% g8 b6 S2 F6 O& Q, k2 A 56. Selective social boycott
$ H( `# o% Z- m' E' H 57. Lysistratic nonaction* ~. S5 J" j+ z+ K% d/ v
58. Excommunication8 v& L4 J5 q& u9 D6 ~, I* Y, X/ f
59. Interdict
" k/ a, `$ ]& U2 I" x& g. |, a; C8 z2 ~. p# ]+ n
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" [3 ]. s0 X( m$ b) i; D8 Q 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ l2 S" h: D$ z) d+ {
61. Boycott of social affairs
$ q. i7 G5 i' N7 M/ B$ v- x' W 62. Student strike. R( [: ~. x* D. W# ^0 l
63. Social disobedience
. m. q. ^& A. m# q, T7 [' W 64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 \6 d" y! ~9 c% Y
g; D7 j8 N$ EWithdrawal from the Social System
; f/ _' P, F% a/ m1 q2 D 65. Stay-at-home& @: d$ R$ r1 y
66. Total personal noncooperation
& [0 w9 q3 }0 f8 q$ P6 m' d# ^ 67. “Flight” of workers
, e5 N6 X9 ?: R 68. Sanctuary
; G6 o% H7 b$ R8 W. f, r 69. Collective disappearance
4 N8 K9 p6 }0 \% i& T' h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ V n3 H) W4 v) A' u' ?, W1 K
& K/ C4 U0 w. \( R
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5 `2 f2 L: O* ?5 _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
: {2 J y* W2 t8 |! h T& {& G( ^
3 L C5 x0 f5 \2 |7 b- N- B0 Q/ k; kActions by Consumers
+ ~8 A8 F' i: S W4 I9 e" ` 71. Consumers’ boycott, X. ?, j* R0 G# Z* G
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( y: q; K5 Z$ e! k, T0 e# m" A 73. Policy of austerity& q5 | V: t- X8 _6 h5 G
74. Rent withholding8 n/ B3 a* i @4 B! `5 ~1 S
75. Refusal to rent& D6 v) h; t" N
76. National consumers’ boycott
7 {% ]1 B! U" V! Y7 } 77. International consumers’ boycott4 V$ Y p+ k, D1 x% Q5 f
, w. H) [$ J8 a) B8 kAction by Workers and Producers' f9 G; L* X* S/ w$ W& s: X* l4 I
78. Workmen’s boycott
* R- j6 S+ F$ l6 L& T. u 79. Producers’ boycott
# Z: V$ B% N$ V- o" y! c6 f' ^
" D0 v1 v. Y' p# |$ y0 F+ m! V! gAction by Middlemen
/ G; x# ~ G( n3 ] T8 J 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( U" ~5 A' W; x5 W( J) U4 }- s7 i
* x, _8 L! @; M6 d$ NAction by Owners and Management! u% A8 ?, h/ J* N
81. Traders’ boycott
6 B6 I( B# v% Z/ A 82. Refusal to let or sell property J, }& H' C, F
83. Lockout4 q: h; ~$ U1 x; y4 c
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! v: B' w& X; ^$ E3 ]1 g4 c
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 g5 W/ [/ G+ D# u* `* q5 X9 j; B# L; [; _" e- S
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- I$ o- ?0 f2 c5 f8 w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: X3 U& S0 s2 s6 Q8 o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 n j% J* Q3 q/ V
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
5 ]! R8 ~6 s) y; j* P: ` L: x. [- V 89. Severance of funds and credit. ]/ T) c0 M, R+ G# {9 a
90. Revenue refusal
7 z9 U8 Z0 h Z# J7 \- u 91. Refusal of a government’s money: i1 m- T( H& L' W
1 r# `+ a8 o* c7 C7 XAction by Governments' c! d- ?& L. x
92. Domestic embargo* J8 z' d( B5 h" l
93. Blacklisting of traders, S t v0 w' m: a0 e1 J- e w& i
94. International sellers’ embargo+ l- [. T2 E I! R9 ?1 l& m
95. International buyers’ embargo3 ]- n* O$ s0 x: r; V& |5 p8 L
96. International trade embargo6 ~% F& F1 |% U3 @ f0 g
" L1 m$ g% O+ L2 ~4 S- j ' P! S" H7 v0 | Q! j1 W" y
0 l! d4 K! _& \THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes8 x# b( t) f# e. ?4 q$ Y0 K
97. Protest strike3 T+ j6 w( x# }: I k' t7 E
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 y+ _4 g' u, U# q
2 ~1 V$ b) M% \3 ]Agricultural Strikes
( D; y9 X/ y: r 99. Peasant strike" z9 Z2 @$ P+ `. z3 Z8 @
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 U" J/ [% z: M! ?' J$ u
, c5 {. }: |% s D4 yStrikes by Special Groups' F+ f) l: O9 w v+ d9 Q+ |( F4 w5 J
101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 C3 `/ y8 c/ d& P! X9 Z. K 102. Prisoners’ strike2 c" N. R4 Z& X+ v
103. Craft strike
# e7 ?" Y( I6 n, f. H# L 104. Professional strike0 `! A( B8 Z6 h* B
' b6 i/ p8 a/ A0 @9 ~& uOrdinary Industrial Strikes
% d8 k( ]9 z( M3 S G, o% u 105. Establishment strike
. z! c% `5 ]8 U) g 106. Industry strike9 | H' c* e# }' {- P" T
107. Sympathetic strike
* K! X' |: T' R4 \( y* K0 ]* a
4 ], S; I: s! W4 jRestricted Strikes
% g; e' g. Z z8 q0 z 108. Detailed strike
1 T W$ J$ X& ? 109. Bumper strike
! }) L5 n6 W9 x# U 110. Slowdown strike9 N3 X9 s: t3 t% L+ Q5 m
111. Working-to-rule strike
* p7 ~. p3 T. R6 d6 ]+ [: r 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- N" s* m! F7 R" F% w2 v. E: u7 x( M
113. Strike by resignation' G0 C3 m& r/ t- G
114. Limited strike
0 w* K) G& G6 S' g4 O 115. Selective strike
i. u2 {0 t3 |) o: h o9 ?( ^; d3 P8 ^; ~! I% r
Multi-Industry Strikes
7 ]9 S9 e4 M/ T0 O0 d0 S' V$ b6 w
. S, K1 M1 D! N' M: v) ]3 K 116. Generalized strike* X- V: M' G8 P5 P1 ?/ O
& j( b; }. q' @6 Y& h6 m: o/ t 117. General strike% Q1 n0 ^, z" f% n& v( K$ V
9 q" m* i. @, x! h; v
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 X' D/ ]$ C4 b2 g9 z1 l1 R
5 p8 H) O- y* f$ i% t3 q 118. Hartal
5 v8 C i/ T* V
6 b/ d- }) _; F( J" o# \ 119. Economic shutdown+ w+ F: Y$ T1 L+ }; \" U% G) G- G
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+ x& r4 M5 _7 M$ O, l. e5 OTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& Q# F; j! J8 G
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Rejection of Authority8 M: g5 j8 Z: a. @- d' S b2 T4 Q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! @" u- g: u) P$ X5 x r' D5 d 121. Refusal of public support7 t+ {% {, m( |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 ^( a- U" j p9 h5 I1 r8 Y0 p8 F
7 D4 o3 X+ v! T8 a! aCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 G9 [+ Y \$ d7 {8 S; Y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ a+ v( B9 K7 g 124. Boycott of elections. @2 Y, @/ v1 ~- L; y" L
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' J1 h' t9 a6 M, ` 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 A4 b1 o) j; R9 E* s4 ~7 s 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, u; R+ S* s* R7 r
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 p9 M% G6 V: A: ]) F
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: h" _! e- j2 F0 A 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ Y" `) f5 b1 M* I f# i7 x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' k) c2 z3 p7 H
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 o& Q {7 e+ k) M. G
6 z; a& ?" {: r: L7 z" ~Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ Z2 D+ j( u9 I0 b, y, i5 @ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. @5 h9 t* W+ j7 o0 _+ S
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( t' q, {9 }; O, m) a' f' U 135. Popular nonobedience
+ N: P: K3 Q( C4 r/ I 136. Disguised disobedience/ A1 O4 w+ Z8 \0 a; s
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 Z# c6 }+ {8 U! ]: C( J
138. Sitdown
1 Q' d1 H. _" a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ S }4 U: c& i9 c 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ q' e1 w0 ^$ q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 }- \0 d) N: j* E, q% x
6 l" D9 Z) h/ ]1 T3 [) h8 F. ~Action by Government Personnel
- ]1 X" R, K! x1 v0 p0 V5 \ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 B4 w3 c& E6 `- R3 ? 143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 |' f3 L8 ?, ~8 u* W
144. Stalling and obstruction5 y: S" v; U( d; l* T4 e
145. General administrative noncooperation) f1 S; y: R& f/ Q, A6 q# p% R
% Q8 ]( T; a$ a6 `' { 146. Judicial noncooperation
- m0 G5 d: D, T 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; g; |' M6 h1 N. |% s 148. Mutiny+ N+ \, y9 f0 x' X" x
Domestic Governmental Action0 B' T+ F# i' u9 t% v
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) u: Y Q0 ?, h, R9 Z. y$ l; \+ M Y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units6 p) P: E w% M1 R/ N. g% G
- Y+ n$ O" t- R+ K' ^9 K$ p; EInternational Governmental Action
7 c C' W. c" F# x 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& ]% ~: W* r3 Y6 q# f7 }9 C' e: x
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 J: {2 T/ s- M3 {8 r$ R* A9 E
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; S u/ d0 e! S6 @: H; v& d: A
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' J% ~0 l# q2 R 155. Withdrawal from international organizations# L& I; D% Q P; X$ |1 {# b
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- [- |# Y- z, ~4 x1 C$ f2 m
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 q1 _5 }9 W' l/ N4 [
2 ^# v+ u" ^3 t- {3 Z5 K
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 z8 J) f) y( U! a" h. u
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$ j% ` z9 u- R; ^5 e7 gPsychological Intervention
2 J# T- z7 |" G. |# F; | 158. Self-exposure to the elements: E0 _4 z5 j6 k1 u0 l( y
159. The fast" Z$ H* ~, ~" H- k. v
a) Fast of moral pressure
% R; q2 o& w, c# {. |! X, Z0 { b) Hunger strike
( j3 ?. _5 t3 g4 P& l' n c) Satyagrahic fast
& ]7 C0 E! J1 y* n H 160. Reverse trial$ I; g N- d [* F
161. Nonviolent harassment/ k; g/ }* D- W; N( A
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Physical Intervention
# u9 a2 `' m6 I8 B/ W e) u 162. Sit-in
% g0 N4 Y- @8 \# P% f 163. Stand-in3 Z! l Q( [! i( q) ?
164. Ride-in
: A2 W. n- P, }0 A) V 165. Wade-in% O. z. ^; i* ~0 L3 P" Y e
166. Mill-in
; y, }' s1 v) d5 T3 r# f* L 167. Pray-in
}6 [% ^# @" q9 H4 O P 168. Nonviolent raids# \) ^* |2 Q1 T5 U+ t4 V1 l
169. Nonviolent air raids8 |5 L, M, w# B) _ u( R2 j
170. Nonviolent invasion) A# H, S# \4 J1 M3 y
171. Nonviolent interjection
7 | p1 V9 w+ p3 ]9 C& v& k 172. Nonviolent obstruction. W& D$ c& q# f: n! M0 ^9 p
173. Nonviolent occupation' B# u3 ?* W1 P+ M/ e' V/ L) l
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Social Intervention, V8 a; E, G- G8 p" J
174. Establishing new social patterns
' t$ r% M" A- e3 L/ E 175. Overloading of facilities
- L. V9 r P9 N N. g 176. Stall-in6 s6 G0 u: f# s3 i5 h
177. Speak-in( p, l: ]$ n& _0 b
178. Guerrilla theater$ i+ c* I7 Y# k, ^4 E( k Z
179. Alternative social institutions5 ]6 ^% P1 p. [: v( O9 K- F
180. Alternative communication system5 K8 P& P* F/ E6 R# @ e( u* _
: c, b( M" {3 g8 v0 w! E: S% CEconomic Intervention5 W9 V; r4 [' C5 z- x0 D
181. Reverse strike1 v7 r" z8 e/ M8 X- g9 Q
182. Stay-in strike
$ M) {. z9 R" d9 k/ k E, @ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 `! s8 K% _/ v" e5 h$ ^ ~ 184. Defiance of blockades9 c, `3 [, N7 A
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ [& j/ Z0 f) P
186. Preclusive purchasing
& u6 l3 c- @ p3 Z5 Z 187. Seizure of assets h+ _4 m) K. z- J% p; r7 \
188. Dumping% ?/ p& d( ?' W9 O
189. Selective patronage! a- X. e) S$ G( F( o6 Q
190. Alternative markets
$ Z; L; j4 c! }" a8 T) j3 a 191. Alternative transportation systems# e7 G5 V2 J$ t( a" F9 L, e; F
192. Alternative economic institutions
}- r, ^' S( G7 i! Z1 ^$ m
/ _; F+ Q2 r* P% P! KPolitical Intervention( F: I% Q$ R( h% p
193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 p) q* p" V, F0 }6 r 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! Y* h# ? c( O: R: R7 x8 g
195. Seeking imprisonment' P- d' z' V* \
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, X- x* |. b8 Z& R' M; T2 n2 ~0 Z 197. Work-on without collaboration
: g2 u' T: q1 {8 C. c6 L 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
