 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ X, a5 Q# M0 l- F9 `
Formal Statements( p, o& b, E4 ?% t7 U2 A
1. Public Speeches
% K8 J# H# b# i8 q( ~, t; d) H 2. Letters of opposition or support0 ~, A3 p, U& Z `0 d1 q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ C/ M) n( T& H' A" b8 `
4. Signed public statements( |- D+ i) Q1 {9 n( d9 l; r
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 {, ]- U1 o% A; |% y" {, ]
6. Group or mass petitions% `" ` F" q; ?" Y5 X2 i
; N/ Z$ E$ y$ o, h: Y. \Communications with a Wider Audience
; n# ~4 k" S$ _) [0 ] 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; t+ G! x, \' n ?- X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ W) l7 G; P2 Y: E: @- C
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books3 s) a* {- V) l+ b/ v7 `1 }0 p @
10. Newspapers and journals
% _* E& d$ ]' S% w 11. Records, radio, and television4 j4 x7 G4 Y: v; r' l4 g
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: F. q' ]# h4 l
, W& m c* d; |Group Representations
# E" G) U/ t: @ 13. Deputations
" J: a8 u4 N3 D 14. Mock awards" J: S" Y; o& U" A p
15. Group lobbying9 R* _/ i4 m2 K# B2 n9 G( i
16. Picketing9 Y4 C! m$ e8 ]
17. Mock elections J5 f e! i8 C/ ], T
9 |" q$ y: K- @
Symbolic Public Acts
1 ]. V9 ~9 w! l; W 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: q( y" d" y2 W- s+ S' o
19. Wearing of symbols2 I- L) @0 c- z Z9 H5 @$ G( P
20. Prayer and worship
& r, T# [; r8 g4 d4 e y 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 {2 U- m, F3 a' L; y! z. [ 22. Protest disrobings( v' Z- j. u3 O/ B& ]+ t: F
23. Destruction of own property
# }, d. W$ L/ L. ]4 W- @1 O 24. Symbolic lights( r6 u8 _5 g2 y2 P3 ^
25. Displays of portraits
) X5 J. Z" X. `- d; E% X 26. Paint as protest- f1 ^: S8 Z9 g
27. New signs and names9 s6 j: g. C+ _3 h
28. Symbolic sounds
) a5 o) P) p/ Z+ q 29. Symbolic reclamations, g9 |; I( t* m2 H
30. Rude gestures
$ u' C h8 p# L) G
! i( t: v" e& m' A# Y# l/ tPressures on Individuals( f+ e* R7 [" P) f' }
31. “Haunting” officials
' I0 m; w$ ?( E: P 32. Taunting officials
" F8 t; T) N) V8 L1 W$ @ 33. Fraternization
& J# f) d/ n6 [7 X( | 34. Vigils
. O- G" O8 W$ F. F& L) T0 A$ t2 w9 j& U* W
Drama and Music) F; K/ ^$ r1 J; o
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 z$ h, N/ v( v j
36. Performances of plays and music) [4 a; X* }( i
37. Singing* ^1 q% e- Q$ C. i
3 @3 ?- `7 ~( Q: T7 I+ sProcessions: I/ I/ r0 b1 U n$ N; K
38. Marches
: b1 M5 g# [& n& O 39. Parades
1 `$ f* i7 }1 C7 h2 h2 W 40. Religious processions
9 ]$ V7 W& d. o3 U2 X) z 41. Pilgrimages" h! R% m( B! b* [
42. Motorcades% w) F o! D/ M( F9 `$ s1 G
: d$ Q, r$ Z! W' B9 _
Honoring the Dead
7 a% ?! a" r8 Q4 K/ W% R' V 43. Political mourning$ L" k" B' v! `2 V J5 C2 E
44. Mock funerals0 m" P0 U5 u: X5 V0 F( S c+ d% `
45. Demonstrative funerals
( [5 Y# I2 ?# ` 46. Homage at burial places% y0 @( W A* F
* u. C4 t% i/ @Public Assemblies
- p7 J3 q. t' v% l( ^6 T2 X 47. Assemblies of protest or support) L5 W* j" r: L4 _( O
48. Protest meetings& w, s4 E% `2 M' |) e
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ A8 v- c. h; q$ E
50. Teach-ins
. q$ _, s# w* [7 s- i
* O' H) U( i5 B" T( g$ tWithdrawal and Renunciation
' C4 C6 Z, i7 x5 ^7 F3 G5 V 51. Walk-outs9 T' E% k/ c, r1 H5 p+ W
52. Silence
6 U1 Z8 p0 ?1 \0 [& g( N) W 53. Renouncing honors
% y% ]4 V- k; ~* _: v 54. Turning one’s back0 [2 Z! H) v/ W' X- j- F( D+ W% i
# L- [7 `0 Y" B$ }
- J; e* f$ h7 E/ i/ X9 V5 D) e2 R$ R& b
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 y; E1 j1 c# d- Y( K {% w
1 }9 \% a3 F7 l0 x9 v0 t8 I4 z
: z3 Y; V' U6 c8 w- l. Y7 w* G+ ^& Z, ^9 H! ~. c, z- A
Ostracism of Persons
: }) c8 j- |+ q Z' O0 M2 M+ B 55. Social boycott
2 X. X) ]* y+ Q 56. Selective social boycott
1 ^7 ]% I: s6 _, y& K+ b; H 57. Lysistratic nonaction$ x' \# B7 v% I1 \5 M9 I/ I; W8 E
58. Excommunication1 \8 u V% |, H+ _3 K5 n
59. Interdict
' F( x0 U! i# Z1 \, c* i |, z
3 ?# M4 m& Z, ] B4 v, {$ DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 M4 u+ f: L- P
60. Suspension of social and sports activities# C7 D4 P- \: L' G
61. Boycott of social affairs. O+ j/ X; t& Y z
62. Student strike
! J: Y7 E2 V6 f/ B: g1 u/ S 63. Social disobedience- V$ _8 g. F% o
64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ F# p0 ?' ?& C6 v
1 G- {4 Y7 f5 ^. r# v4 O7 S
Withdrawal from the Social System( }# t" p: T. \* D1 ]0 [
65. Stay-at-home
8 A9 {2 O" b! w& h2 \ 66. Total personal noncooperation
) u* T$ p2 c! z8 h. H: m 67. “Flight” of workers( Z. [0 L5 w+ O! r1 H* b
68. Sanctuary
5 y$ Z* m3 c( E8 T( l) q$ ~" ^ 69. Collective disappearance+ n+ ]4 Q% }4 t. H
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 y3 a/ @5 ~" o) B! ^1 x6 v+ C6 V+ C, |7 B V- B
* x9 _ q& {! ^. G% f2 c3 R1 W
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
( F( L2 t- u$ d! _6 l1 X+ F
- m7 ]. n- ?" i5 h7 d
/ ]$ q; f. w7 qActions by Consumers
2 O! W- m+ N6 \& J% c 71. Consumers’ boycott9 s( E/ q: }3 _
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. P% `) I/ j$ v8 J
73. Policy of austerity- h( m8 z( }* G( D# T8 W1 M4 u& k" u. K
74. Rent withholding
6 j- j1 v9 c' H. @) G; A; D 75. Refusal to rent
1 b7 j, w2 o& x9 a- Y1 {4 L 76. National consumers’ boycott" `% c8 K& s) I( [1 O" j, o6 P
77. International consumers’ boycott: B7 ^; X8 |* W) m
& K# X5 b0 V, U5 P
Action by Workers and Producers. X. j2 k' Y: M R* x& t
78. Workmen’s boycott; s" g% h7 F+ G# f* p/ U
79. Producers’ boycott
# @+ i3 U* }4 R# G, o2 B) d2 C
8 P! B0 t" L; j# _Action by Middlemen7 o3 M& U' ]# |* y2 }& v
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ O0 c! L' h8 }* _
7 C/ Z; d! i; t( V: N7 \ ^Action by Owners and Management
8 @( j/ H1 l, Z 81. Traders’ boycott
3 @, g, k* I1 V8 k( a+ ]3 H/ R 82. Refusal to let or sell property
- Q+ ^0 _+ w9 P3 @# z: i 83. Lockout
6 t. C5 t* x0 Y, Y- E 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
K3 I2 T& w* {8 t 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 }1 i/ j4 Y* ^. m5 R4 S Y
+ U/ y+ r" _9 J J# b- T9 ]9 J/ DAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! m6 W+ k3 A. ~; c! }$ E 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# x( |$ h. b5 {8 I9 F 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, \2 U; P# w/ F9 I/ f( l: `
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 t7 U# e" X+ G; u2 K, N 89. Severance of funds and credit
: k% Y3 I9 g& X- ~; { 90. Revenue refusal
$ h4 ~, B: a5 x. [3 O4 Q) s/ W7 b 91. Refusal of a government’s money
! j: v6 j9 d0 H7 d/ {1 \
: E8 N3 [$ r( J* E6 fAction by Governments, }& l9 `! v9 p- t& r1 s! x$ m
92. Domestic embargo8 L8 `5 L) `" |0 y6 d) i
93. Blacklisting of traders. H4 x9 @& u) A% Q" E( a
94. International sellers’ embargo; l- ~9 L' F' U+ c6 ^9 Q
95. International buyers’ embargo3 r# R% @/ v) {7 \2 ?
96. International trade embargo
. x N# w# o6 D R! E5 { e* e; n) G- k" J7 `
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# I. ]" |9 {8 mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes" d+ o2 C, y, l
97. Protest strike
0 ~3 d! X! O( h 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( |* Q. l- F3 G0 w7 \. g- k
6 c9 r8 a" t6 F$ j) V7 t! @; s5 h0 h
Agricultural Strikes0 N, b6 Y9 Z5 B* K& j' l: G
99. Peasant strike, f I; T2 @3 E& K
100. Farm Workers’ strike0 k( ] @% i" A: M* o
1 J7 V" C* L9 U" E! R H& w# m3 B+ h
Strikes by Special Groups0 U+ O$ Q% F M- W( Y; [5 T; e
101. Refusal of impressed labor
. `' P5 e. F6 a. |! R 102. Prisoners’ strike
& F0 t% F3 u& v$ m, ^( j' | J& u; A 103. Craft strike
' F' h5 v# o' E8 [ 104. Professional strike& P8 y- q) `, o7 n' x* v- p
* D7 D. ?4 `$ ]/ T# _Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ d3 s* |4 ` l
105. Establishment strike
6 n9 ~: S! `+ u8 i 106. Industry strike
5 W Y9 J- Z$ i 107. Sympathetic strike. B/ g. A+ }, c j) g" `- @
# \) C5 W9 x2 j0 E( l3 R& H( LRestricted Strikes
( Q" A7 q6 l$ a9 U- S9 t 108. Detailed strike
9 L# Y2 P8 @. E7 v 109. Bumper strike
) p! h9 r, n8 ^2 V: z/ c( } 110. Slowdown strike
2 ]; Q5 U$ L+ h 111. Working-to-rule strike! @( @3 K" p4 S; h
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 b3 z& ~6 r' w1 ?1 g 113. Strike by resignation. Z. ]: h5 n/ f2 d+ v/ @
114. Limited strike$ e! J/ ]' v1 o$ ~" W. L$ [
115. Selective strike
, g( S9 V$ b# @4 A% n
. E& l* u- x2 @# WMulti-Industry Strikes
5 ^+ n4 W! {- I5 v# S6 J3 E0 C/ W+ a/ }
116. Generalized strike
7 ]3 L/ [- P- b8 K2 a! Z2 m/ K( Z: u& W+ J- D! s2 e
117. General strike }- M5 U6 f. M+ g6 p
: V ~3 W- v. f2 I+ ~
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* U+ I2 y3 X; t0 u) _' p- O A6 R; `0 ~' Q( I/ q; d% n& x" j
118. Hartal
) n/ F0 f1 j' I* X* Z I' z: b1 N) @
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: L, `3 _4 a/ Y: y1 b
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Rejection of Authority
& \; A" ~* B L- o2 x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' ?2 e4 M' ?3 m7 C9 r
121. Refusal of public support+ L6 J; X. f7 \! M) G- O
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% \5 T* v5 B% q6 E: y5 K
- J5 P) |% _/ t; p! rCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government( d ~- R# R' Y0 l3 f# }5 X
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* z/ U5 E$ Q6 \" Z7 ]/ d6 t
124. Boycott of elections: s8 z& T3 f( b" }( a
125. Boycott of government employment and positions) A, Y/ A0 ]# J( n# }2 C9 Z/ c
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. V8 u0 W0 e2 b6 N. F3 c3 N 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- {" m: c! U: F; k8 |5 K/ R9 ? 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% D9 A7 [# }* D. C 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! J1 I, ?( r2 z# k 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: Q8 ^( @+ B+ {5 u) q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 }8 s, @. n# z' m/ h
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 r$ ]( i0 F8 C( H8 ]7 Z; K! P6 { V, E, q" `: Q. M
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 G/ `( p r1 |3 |/ Z" x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 H( i- H- ~9 j- G) O) j
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& P, G* H( g1 o* g+ `1 |4 }
135. Popular nonobedience1 G* {# _' k3 {
136. Disguised disobedience
: Z8 [1 t0 Q% g! H- O 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ t2 m! c; J$ W9 ^ 138. Sitdown
" X0 Y+ i5 s7 B' V8 f0 h+ m1 c% Q: V 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 t, U1 [! f) m/ h 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 x0 s) Y% X& b& i. ^
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ q' B2 l. U, l% J8 ]* H3 c2 n- e8 i3 w) ]
Action by Government Personnel
0 N# D. m+ h" ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 P8 D1 R7 R9 a; Z1 ~0 k
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 C z- r `9 Q 144. Stalling and obstruction) U, X. U4 k R" q0 P2 l" S
145. General administrative noncooperation
8 y3 W, C$ V3 i3 u z4 M- O
8 T9 H- ~6 S+ b, E# @0 o 146. Judicial noncooperation
5 I2 e( L7 h3 t) [) F' G, @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) M Q4 s; M; @
148. Mutiny- e2 K7 f: m z- ^6 A( [
Domestic Governmental Action
, f3 a# m" F% o& ?. A' Q1 p 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ B% W7 {* O* i7 ^$ V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units, l" P5 g: l. y( |. R% X. b
& K1 a+ [2 J/ e f
International Governmental Action; s" J$ J; Q/ E0 q P
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% x! c; i3 _* F7 P/ E; |- v3 y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 |# U, o8 B1 I 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, B' G6 f. ]" d0 L r 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' v3 J+ h9 `4 s, a$ j. F
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& O1 r: w( h! s; w8 R8 D 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, M6 a6 U- Y% c/ o \ 157. Expulsion from international organizations/ i- U1 m- n% B/ C {9 G( R9 q+ f
+ H$ d% i1 D+ O& D% q% N0 \
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* R8 j4 I% u5 U: l. s2 x# R% }
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention* g7 Y9 N! V p1 |
158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 Y1 k8 R1 }; }& }5 r/ o# h, D 159. The fast5 {* C; n5 U: U! y: [
a) Fast of moral pressure- l& Y9 d4 h3 F& G$ O
b) Hunger strike% G" a% r. u- R+ H. J3 i% y
c) Satyagrahic fast
3 |- q, N; c) M; Z' v, }" e 160. Reverse trial" F) ?. `* T- b4 k
161. Nonviolent harassment3 \& M1 J w9 V) P1 n j
3 S. V2 `/ m% r( m- BPhysical Intervention" I% b. ~8 D' |) ^4 y( X& ?
162. Sit-in3 ^7 p, V3 J* h+ T e5 T
163. Stand-in
8 F3 U2 J5 o! ^$ `# ^# |. x* W6 m 164. Ride-in
+ E" C ?: W- Q 165. Wade-in
. O* R4 k$ O+ T# e+ k% Q9 k 166. Mill-in9 s j. ^3 x) R& r3 B
167. Pray-in
$ B+ i1 O+ n$ D: ~- r& {* N 168. Nonviolent raids K7 f! |3 L" Y8 {
169. Nonviolent air raids K% N" _2 l* c
170. Nonviolent invasion
5 i+ a: u2 m2 S! Y+ l3 b 171. Nonviolent interjection! I' i+ ~7 E. W& v* J; B- U
172. Nonviolent obstruction
( X( D5 r& b. U) l 173. Nonviolent occupation* W" Q; h+ f1 |/ `+ O
' _$ U' _6 v5 R0 Z q) }Social Intervention
. s; N9 s2 d& N2 G" Y 174. Establishing new social patterns- X, L: P' j, G" w
175. Overloading of facilities9 |+ o/ ? T+ f: D
176. Stall-in1 u# y7 f h/ F, y" V5 S1 y
177. Speak-in$ C; e {# s- T: L3 d
178. Guerrilla theater: W. ?! V4 ~% I- P- A: W9 S
179. Alternative social institutions# k0 }' |# d7 t+ e. ^
180. Alternative communication system. }: h9 \' V/ s
6 Y9 P; C% f9 m7 {; QEconomic Intervention$ n# t8 {! `% `
181. Reverse strike& }4 \% q" h; ?$ O0 T$ @/ ]
182. Stay-in strike
- H' r# p8 P* T5 |) d 183. Nonviolent land seizure: H" u2 ]+ p5 N3 p% E
184. Defiance of blockades
/ v* l, n, w% m/ b) l' c 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 J) a) b; w. y
186. Preclusive purchasing; `5 ]% Q; U! y9 F
187. Seizure of assets
3 t7 f/ W, c ^; |7 J 188. Dumping! J7 k/ m- p7 [# J. d
189. Selective patronage
5 _# d/ e, J5 E' A 190. Alternative markets
/ q4 K0 B5 R4 c/ J) _ 191. Alternative transportation systems2 X0 t3 N$ {. b2 \, j
192. Alternative economic institutions
5 A9 X( d& l) O O" u/ ?0 h" o% x$ e2 a& u$ R
Political Intervention3 i2 F$ j" O2 m" n- d+ R7 e
193. Overloading of administrative systems! L0 K5 p% t i9 p5 p" `
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! h* ~8 v! F0 W- R- o# L 195. Seeking imprisonment8 u8 @: |" G/ T1 u; b0 x& q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, W; \+ E u3 }5 F) `( t
197. Work-on without collaboration
/ T3 ~/ B' o8 X1 ?( f 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: [) l) M. g" J9 e- M
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
