 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 x' Y& G% n4 T( d5 h2 L/ d- sFormal Statements
# u. |8 j( c+ w; [ B! } 1. Public Speeches8 ?# {, B4 k" F
2. Letters of opposition or support
! B6 k) D( B7 ?2 B1 C2 |; [ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ F! n3 |; r4 C 4. Signed public statements
' O% T" i3 E7 ?+ v9 n. o' G 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 w! U+ i. A" R9 `7 ~/ | 6. Group or mass petitions
]+ p6 c" `8 `+ J
/ n* s" P, o- q+ T8 kCommunications with a Wider Audience
1 c5 B5 J& m) _; X" T1 q, x 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 `8 e1 {3 |7 p3 E& z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 a- P, V( D2 x
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 l+ `. I f- d% }& T* C
10. Newspapers and journals3 q" {2 e- p3 B# P- s, f
11. Records, radio, and television9 T2 j7 G% J4 Z; F r
12. Skywriting and earthwriting( C: ~# j) k/ ~! r3 I
' s3 _. [" O$ r# I. X( q. L& l! z/ j$ ?: }Group Representations0 s' f3 b) H( j6 O3 ]4 E! o5 U" O! v; W
13. Deputations4 ^9 x9 c9 X6 `; ]7 B' j
14. Mock awards
" h. c2 Q+ e% e0 B3 h/ }- T 15. Group lobbying
- f) `0 w' g, [* b- a7 Z 16. Picketing" \5 `+ O1 v6 H. C5 a2 D
17. Mock elections
6 d8 }% t; H9 p& [+ n
( U( E# |/ R( g' `5 sSymbolic Public Acts% B# N- L& v- W; A
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; m0 Q; ]1 c, w" Y' B! n 19. Wearing of symbols
; J" L- b* C( O3 O 20. Prayer and worship) L+ ?6 h. O: F$ B
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 `, b; M8 U: s- k5 \
22. Protest disrobings& M; n4 ]; ?! `' b, l
23. Destruction of own property
5 g4 f+ X `% e: d' L 24. Symbolic lights7 D/ l' m7 a& a) ], E8 M8 Z, o
25. Displays of portraits
" h ?" S, k' A9 K) ~ 26. Paint as protest
- ]; [& F# ^" g/ I; S* | 27. New signs and names
@( ^: O8 P) a 28. Symbolic sounds
! S/ Z, G; M m2 X5 h, _$ n* \ 29. Symbolic reclamations
3 \6 `9 p8 X5 `* A- F6 {' ^8 n# Z 30. Rude gestures9 s9 R$ _$ v7 f, O" c; T$ h" a
0 g7 v' I2 z0 i/ @$ Z$ w7 [
Pressures on Individuals
a! }# `0 c5 _5 k 31. “Haunting” officials
# J" c) @$ Q, i& h, n/ A% H6 q 32. Taunting officials3 P( M* ~6 b- {8 C# o
33. Fraternization
* R* y' _) l2 N1 E 34. Vigils2 f! h$ J- h$ y' b
, c/ {5 [- f) P2 }. _Drama and Music6 A. N# x/ k, A* B
35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 d7 s/ k" I$ w2 T7 P, ? 36. Performances of plays and music
$ Q, R* ]# K( L# @$ {2 U( z 37. Singing
: \) }, q" Z9 B) Y. e8 u1 \- [7 O- p' t: O3 {5 `' ^7 B9 V2 W9 S
Processions4 B" }# O) z( H& Q$ q, [* N! I
38. Marches
" _. u" x) m) u$ @1 ~& c: o 39. Parades2 J, F3 l" U. l/ i5 r- Y
40. Religious processions! m; b4 I3 j9 T" I- W" r) H* P
41. Pilgrimages
/ Q# O* C; o: C( O! e0 O 42. Motorcades
& S' O/ W* ?1 h8 O: B# n e* k% h
& r% W. l i2 b3 X. T& U EHonoring the Dead
2 N0 }) Z* y. `2 v k 43. Political mourning
$ w1 }+ g4 D; s$ F( U4 c6 C 44. Mock funerals
8 H& l/ Z% ~! d 45. Demonstrative funerals
& T" E* q6 l0 O+ n5 n 46. Homage at burial places P) M4 j" B; W- ?# _
8 f7 ?6 j$ L; }- x& T+ L+ b mPublic Assemblies
- w' l# Z' l; H 47. Assemblies of protest or support# r1 K# L2 p( h. ?
48. Protest meetings
+ M3 B( l* t7 i3 T) B4 Y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' V. G1 f+ M8 y8 M
50. Teach-ins: _7 j J" \: f1 y$ U* e* D h/ U
8 o `5 V5 x# ~) i! W# k6 ]
Withdrawal and Renunciation
6 I+ h i8 H/ Z; t/ f, w" o 51. Walk-outs
/ e2 g/ b: \; c5 H# w: T" B 52. Silence
/ Q# C R1 s1 ~, i6 B 53. Renouncing honors
+ f) r9 r: Q5 [, }4 Z 54. Turning one’s back5 f* d8 {# p( T' X( p
9 l& J) K$ }" F, y5 e" \
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0 I7 \ v4 f: y2 H/ E4 j5 L
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* l; _% f0 V! Q( N6 `5 I- }
% B: r+ z4 L1 i6 l& g) ~2 G 8 F( R, B4 p" \! o; q" B: o
Q& z, o$ a$ ?
Ostracism of Persons* }% w3 ]7 q$ E4 u+ ?) Z5 U, h
55. Social boycott. }; v, {# g7 {, |+ |
56. Selective social boycott' W% P L4 l* p- ? D
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; j: x. s& ]( L4 a 58. Excommunication h/ R1 c, m0 x# r p% }; R: ~3 [& T
59. Interdict
, L: F" h$ [& b, @7 }5 @1 a3 w B5 M! P' V; ?
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) E. L. `- r7 B( N; Q0 \, V- J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities) R5 I; l5 t4 X& C& g- l5 y" n# _
61. Boycott of social affairs
2 \5 E* `3 C* G |7 I4 \) i" T 62. Student strike
& \; r& W$ w8 s: a 63. Social disobedience
& n2 x `3 w# i& u- N* ?, y6 Q/ M 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 e% d' [$ O! J
* F& ^; R! A: w. {
Withdrawal from the Social System/ }& p" k: C2 t& H8 l
65. Stay-at-home- d G+ L8 F# z
66. Total personal noncooperation
# a2 L. U7 V: M% {! [ ^ 67. “Flight” of workers! g: X& _" o. q) i# Q. [
68. Sanctuary
- P: L6 M- M, B8 l" _6 c4 c 69. Collective disappearance
; r$ ?! o8 D* C# e9 L8 c 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
! Q: e+ F/ @1 M4 P6 c& ~' ]5 e5 V6 [4 J4 T- f* u7 Y5 T1 {( `# Z
. R1 e3 @/ q' ~/ ZActions by Consumers
1 a [9 \# a" u+ @2 f- X5 [+ }, | 71. Consumers’ boycott
7 N/ s# D( O: Y* ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) @1 H4 s$ ?* s7 r# i
73. Policy of austerity% p) ?3 a7 p0 Q6 B- f, I- N
74. Rent withholding
+ S; v( G; c, f 75. Refusal to rent2 k; p% M! |2 p! [& p& f
76. National consumers’ boycott
# m8 a% h& H5 h 77. International consumers’ boycott
6 z: k# Q8 B9 v1 E2 E$ q. ^; G7 a- J8 X
Action by Workers and Producers
* I) Z( w$ [: d; [ 78. Workmen’s boycott
& g, {* e! p- y# o 79. Producers’ boycott+ B( I1 e' x6 o+ O; |! s- u- \
- [3 s* k- p8 _3 ` @Action by Middlemen2 b2 X6 g L: W/ c
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! W ~ ?. U) S7 F" x5 L
; H) S2 `% s, J5 K( w7 HAction by Owners and Management% m: {$ Z% D* S) `# w
81. Traders’ boycott
3 m6 x1 r/ f* E* X- D4 [4 p# V* _! l 82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 [6 y) \4 e% T0 u# | 83. Lockout4 d( z& ^( O6 D0 V+ j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! T8 m2 V" K3 s4 O/ B4 q# c
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ N. k/ j6 y& K; `8 q) H, a
; y) }. a6 K. T% g" u; n& {+ NAction by Holders of Financial Resources
% t% M, U6 {$ `5 h: y2 d 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ t8 F/ J, c* A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 G! E5 c: v9 r+ v
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 z; T2 W' T8 H: @
89. Severance of funds and credit
) [! O; ^: T3 ]' \# [ 90. Revenue refusal
- i9 T2 _6 I9 M( a1 T: j: _ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 ~# t0 k6 r( {8 V6 _
5 y: E; V* r; a4 @. s: M \Action by Governments
2 M% Q+ s4 w9 V8 d4 J$ N, ` 92. Domestic embargo: K" I3 f" V( \
93. Blacklisting of traders; t. m: j5 S3 y4 X/ T# s6 Z
94. International sellers’ embargo# b* c- @' B+ E; N6 U
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ j0 w2 V/ r2 Q) ^ 96. International trade embargo
% Q5 z/ |& e2 F0 {( T
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/ [4 c$ C1 y. c6 jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, \8 o' h7 I7 b
8 E" P' {* S" o 0 \2 o. g5 b( @3 K) n
Symbolic Strikes. M8 @( m" X- H' x' c; w# W# O
97. Protest strike/ W/ ], ?! p$ a6 Q7 A; ~
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 f. ?( _4 J5 s* J# P* V
5 J& C& e1 }5 EAgricultural Strikes
- j/ M* n# u0 J, h2 b; D# ? 99. Peasant strike2 @9 R* R3 ^1 u" ]9 R
100. Farm Workers’ strike4 o0 l/ G% G' v/ u& K3 Y# l9 N, k! k
2 ^" O3 ^2 @) E1 u+ Z7 yStrikes by Special Groups! e8 G" s g6 _# H2 i. t
101. Refusal of impressed labor( ?* o$ Y) @2 O0 f
102. Prisoners’ strike% @) F, M; z$ t& l
103. Craft strike
$ B W- u; c; p- b, k 104. Professional strike
x4 u3 N! \ {0 B8 P
; K, ^8 V8 K" P- p) ?% aOrdinary Industrial Strikes
% B/ y1 H C3 `# U5 ~ 105. Establishment strike
/ [5 q5 b( L; d l# F2 S 106. Industry strike4 W6 c1 _ Q( t. f [
107. Sympathetic strike) Q z! F' U& T
r. g+ O* ?1 q2 {( x2 R
Restricted Strikes$ i- G% [6 G1 S0 a7 G! \( W
108. Detailed strike9 N' v) U; d1 w
109. Bumper strike9 ]$ \# y* y" B& p" e" S7 f
110. Slowdown strike: S5 L8 J6 a& V, M$ n; o
111. Working-to-rule strike
$ F5 u" |5 j0 ]/ q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 I: n1 a9 A. R6 \& j. ~- W8 S; w
113. Strike by resignation' }6 N. v# \% [6 Q4 y) W
114. Limited strike
, ?9 t( y1 e, ` 115. Selective strike! O3 B% ~1 H" c: Q# y; Q8 |" S
" N; s- z( k7 s ]) m i" f$ E
Multi-Industry Strikes
3 c1 x: }# f3 e2 y! j8 c: p8 L3 {% Q2 H3 B
116. Generalized strike* U1 v; z8 e e: k+ U2 f9 S
, C7 g+ U. C2 v
117. General strike
5 R" Y5 m a5 a$ I. Q9 B5 W% P
@8 e b! \7 W( \1 LCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures, N& U. w! s( J% e
3 c2 w. L" s* P( G+ P4 X- F3 A. w* _ 118. Hartal \1 s9 S+ t8 Z! \$ d" Y
' @3 c- T) g* ^ 119. Economic shutdown
& H8 D! } f" O2 q1 L" [
9 |+ l9 n6 @% z& ~9 \* _+ x0 b
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- _; l. C( a) y+ ^) TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ a; H: S W. Q! _# L/ M$ n
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Rejection of Authority
; V/ t' y6 E4 t% M0 ~ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& G) ?/ w/ N$ u4 f# F& h+ W& T 121. Refusal of public support) N! P- B! G/ a# K& s2 ?1 \
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ ^/ U( E l2 Y y- D
, ?3 g6 G/ `# P7 W- n$ `1 V$ D8 TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government# C) ?* a9 }8 P* U& A8 I3 W3 x
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* X9 U0 G- o3 S 124. Boycott of elections7 X# y, o" c- Q: ]( _/ q1 q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions J8 b$ D" `0 q0 b8 h
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 |. Z/ `/ l+ K# o
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- A1 A/ N3 m Z3 M" e$ `: ? S% n 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations p7 }2 d' l2 G2 r3 N: n% c/ @
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) ~/ j3 i/ O3 T9 G. R! x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 J: [" i2 K9 W9 d* Y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, c6 _" k4 m& ~# o. u( n 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ e% r8 y$ ], ~0 J9 q
" g" L. w2 p. ~8 ]. k- R( NCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 e# B; Z* J+ r& r
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ \0 g" B- G6 ]( O6 a" G 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' X" U/ i1 o( S3 w- a 135. Popular nonobedience5 R' S4 p# [/ j3 m" s
136. Disguised disobedience
: \$ C: n( F/ l2 J; F2 L 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
J j) h) |5 _$ q2 O+ a 138. Sitdown+ E) V4 K1 P' W, A z4 k
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" b0 n4 i) _0 ]$ p% Y/ W
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 Z, h% O0 t ?0 M
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( w) d8 d! J+ \: ~* K* `
; b8 i9 x( ~ g' ?- G7 m( A/ G, LAction by Government Personnel
& Z7 E4 f# z3 `4 [# ?# k 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides& C1 X0 F( R! I8 b8 D0 L q- b6 z- K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information O$ o/ i4 b0 R% S/ d0 K" p
144. Stalling and obstruction6 F! T2 _; k- F7 ]/ [- L F3 t
145. General administrative noncooperation
# a/ N1 F! m4 |! f; k: R5 u" ^& H( s! h" r
146. Judicial noncooperation+ u3 @- u& d @
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 S( x( }% y2 y. ?+ l 148. Mutiny
H1 x$ j- d& ~- h8 Y1 tDomestic Governmental Action
1 S3 J5 r/ D: n( g7 J 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) o2 a' q% k5 G% v* K I2 i; I9 I
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- m2 ~! X3 _( h: L
8 J% p' M) g$ @0 K' @9 _International Governmental Action1 _- ?7 C4 i0 x! X6 k
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 s# m3 f' o2 x- W 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 ?" {# S" J- }& U# F4 P% G
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" `& M7 |7 ]" Q Z4 J% l ]) r. a
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& b7 O2 I2 ]9 O 155. Withdrawal from international organizations. b# R! g. n0 V$ I( s9 v
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 Z4 g$ O2 C% U6 g/ F9 N0 m
157. Expulsion from international organizations" p( c/ h- y( i$ K
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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9 m# b6 S" D- j) `; @7 c: Y : {. o# y3 I- f6 T
Psychological Intervention
3 @0 ^7 w: q" h! h 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 Z' p1 X. x! q: L) l( [% t# W
159. The fast( L+ D- Q( D" @. _1 Z1 w7 `! s A
a) Fast of moral pressure
/ x# k2 \+ @0 I: F$ h b) Hunger strike
( a: F# D5 N% d2 h c) Satyagrahic fast
- L* l) A1 ~4 Z0 f2 G3 e2 [ 160. Reverse trial+ {6 A9 b! n+ v, l
161. Nonviolent harassment
) k) [# D3 i. n' j# u P% W6 B8 t! _ E5 H# C
Physical Intervention
2 ]+ e4 ]7 S* y: B5 t 162. Sit-in$ o; W$ s7 y, e+ Z
163. Stand-in
$ p. z# N, `0 p7 C& Y; r; i4 f0 _3 m 164. Ride-in
/ V! S/ i, }+ O 165. Wade-in
! E/ |! z; m1 c8 f6 x 166. Mill-in
+ t" ]& d* D& O& o" e) m 167. Pray-in7 _% c" f$ G+ I4 O2 P _9 J
168. Nonviolent raids; ?" n; F4 {3 p4 \
169. Nonviolent air raids( J* g% W& m+ t' h
170. Nonviolent invasion/ i$ O+ P. f0 _6 g: P; k z: A
171. Nonviolent interjection" H/ A, _, N5 Q
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 h5 B5 u( t& p& n% \4 `) T5 }
173. Nonviolent occupation
$ U1 ^2 ~* V2 {1 t- Z& t- P& h9 Z* N* s. w2 J
Social Intervention& `3 p- t# R- [
174. Establishing new social patterns
( L! ?" Z& z, e; j& ?. n. ^ 175. Overloading of facilities' ?0 N* E. K% q+ e+ h4 e& i
176. Stall-in
- t# D6 \* i* i* a3 C4 J 177. Speak-in
0 E6 w$ {! M) ?- s, O* H& E# Y 178. Guerrilla theater, F* L) V- `# G
179. Alternative social institutions
: v3 |/ C) f( g3 G' u- Q( o% f 180. Alternative communication system' v- B8 b. ^2 }7 r1 y6 k- F# S8 h2 `
: G9 \" h. Y2 X P# [
Economic Intervention
+ Z# {; ~5 D+ u' h8 J, B5 t2 B 181. Reverse strike
9 r1 I3 T! J0 j5 b' r( ] a) o 182. Stay-in strike! F3 p2 |& f' O
183. Nonviolent land seizure. T9 f: F6 a6 y( g7 \/ p
184. Defiance of blockades7 M1 i$ h0 \# A: }1 s/ p4 h
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 _/ j" c, M( \; k+ x! m) O 186. Preclusive purchasing
' M* d& h! r/ f& j$ q 187. Seizure of assets
5 q9 ~+ V: f) m$ D) R6 d* T2 n3 ^ 188. Dumping
7 }' ~3 G$ K4 k# ?" ~ 189. Selective patronage) D( e7 A6 m) K! v* s4 |
190. Alternative markets: c: W) v* ?, L
191. Alternative transportation systems8 J7 d' W" i* l2 ~
192. Alternative economic institutions( Q: d7 K* u( h+ M0 p! ] B
, Y6 n2 P5 {3 ^5 h
Political Intervention! z; h* x& u# [7 J
193. Overloading of administrative systems
" H/ Z& @4 b: h% k C 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, k2 L8 R" e5 A; `5 } 195. Seeking imprisonment) B. X8 N' k( [) l% M+ y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ z% V) J6 l2 w7 X2 s, A4 i& ]
197. Work-on without collaboration4 i3 l3 H6 H$ x6 r' ^+ {, e
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) h3 ~5 o5 ^3 ]/ b/ j* _) {$ C( z: H
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
