 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; }3 R7 c& N* \ u- t1 B" _8 NFormal Statements% D2 ]( |$ a) U! j1 F* U0 C
1. Public Speeches
( j6 w- |: I1 V$ ]2 l' ~ 2. Letters of opposition or support/ z5 }# D, e2 ?! r7 `/ l$ j" b
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 J% D5 t: K7 A* a: `. w: D 4. Signed public statements1 r1 T: F, @4 o. J0 |: o1 O
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! y; B% O3 C' G. Y
6. Group or mass petitions
" P$ r. R( ~0 s! X& S- o+ j; M t% h7 b# A
Communications with a Wider Audience- x6 F% b3 }! K: c0 ^1 _9 \
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, J' ?# y2 D, @) h. u 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( x4 J; L6 l. y6 Q, k 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 s8 N' h/ ?( h: e7 `
10. Newspapers and journals
7 S" [0 N5 ~/ U7 p5 Y 11. Records, radio, and television
+ v2 c8 f& m/ k5 X! W5 k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting# ?: W5 j# J. u& O: S, \* e
( r( \- T. S# O
Group Representations
* m9 n( j7 L, Y1 J5 H: @, S* Z 13. Deputations$ K. G9 f. m" U; B# J" j0 L8 G
14. Mock awards
1 m3 j; [/ A5 W 15. Group lobbying( K' Z5 F# v4 [9 w
16. Picketing: Q0 s/ t5 c$ D* N$ E
17. Mock elections9 s+ ]8 j4 ?( |5 A
( C9 ~! b* c7 }! z- i7 p$ pSymbolic Public Acts
- C2 S J! _7 V& t' q: n 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 m. x' W8 n2 e/ r& r8 ?6 H
19. Wearing of symbols
! P5 R, c' L: h5 J) v. ?1 G 20. Prayer and worship
3 C: C- r' ?2 k% _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
' S2 m9 x$ y e* f 22. Protest disrobings* F, F4 H+ P. ^$ \* y
23. Destruction of own property
1 h* r$ V/ c& q3 `" r8 M$ E 24. Symbolic lights
+ T7 o8 f1 x/ U 25. Displays of portraits
' L' ]; U( m( Y. C: w4 P 26. Paint as protest
: N' A- r! B( F 27. New signs and names# y( p$ S1 r4 Q( A4 x
28. Symbolic sounds- B* [$ ?+ v- Q0 `7 `9 i7 n
29. Symbolic reclamations. K# i& _8 e" U& q6 I
30. Rude gestures
4 ~1 e9 W# `, @2 r% g o# W/ s( x( b @4 C/ ?) v+ O4 V2 Q
Pressures on Individuals5 E! S+ H( A1 L5 V) {
31. “Haunting” officials. j6 v, o q+ F4 b7 S7 G1 L
32. Taunting officials
/ u% Q( b5 F+ ~8 @% O 33. Fraternization
" H6 a K# Y( c9 W8 g! k# ` 34. Vigils4 H I1 F% `9 n- ~3 D
V8 u! p! T3 I1 hDrama and Music
% B( F5 w. C; o' L5 \8 P/ S 35. Humorous skits and pranks; X8 _' [, u7 X9 F, a5 B
36. Performances of plays and music3 Y. W @2 _* b2 S; j! r9 j$ R4 p M
37. Singing/ v O* t2 A( b. k8 g% ~& j% G1 O
, M7 W1 L8 ?% d4 H( Q5 WProcessions# E! n, S% R$ o, m. P0 J
38. Marches
- }" k8 I9 \$ T- s7 q* E2 c" \ 39. Parades
{* u5 r P T0 J1 }7 x 40. Religious processions
$ f. q: v0 K5 Z5 w 41. Pilgrimages
7 f9 p, {3 C9 p 42. Motorcades3 I8 D! C1 L7 B3 A4 u
$ R3 u. T9 y D: C! N- vHonoring the Dead; ?5 Q% F- Z3 z$ b
43. Political mourning2 i- ^3 T- Z- H$ u! o- K
44. Mock funerals' J1 S+ _/ W9 b5 r" \
45. Demonstrative funerals4 w9 R$ @9 R* H# d( l& ?3 \! h
46. Homage at burial places1 A+ Q3 D7 i$ d- i8 n# j. Y
2 E4 \6 ?$ X ?) X. c) e# H QPublic Assemblies
; K. q# Y$ U2 ?+ ~ 47. Assemblies of protest or support% n- b% I7 l7 G1 s5 D0 {
48. Protest meetings
4 d- L/ f3 ]% k8 D. T& N; r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* v4 j% ?# t0 `, [4 I" Z" t 50. Teach-ins3 _- R+ J9 g L' `9 I) ~& A& x
. Y, F0 o, y" B z0 P4 A
Withdrawal and Renunciation1 n3 c8 U# l( w- j! ~1 C0 V
51. Walk-outs$ w7 q0 O. {* M1 |( C
52. Silence2 p( k q" _& ?0 x
53. Renouncing honors. P; I0 |4 v+ l, D$ A
54. Turning one’s back/ l1 u p/ [- ? D7 y2 ~; |
* \( T9 ]# s! T. A d9 e+ \! q' ]$ \
6 v" {' G' R, Z. p/ W8 ]5 gTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
5 B; ^* `" ~1 [) @1 R! Z7 A2 \1 }+ R% \& O& t- L
1 `9 e" H6 t" ~8 w' F$ u" F( l$ A# Q$ f
Ostracism of Persons
+ l/ r. |( ]7 T6 W9 x 55. Social boycott4 D( P/ Y1 {9 r6 D8 c/ w
56. Selective social boycott+ ?( t- I8 f4 H5 D
57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 t h/ [2 w0 t7 z7 \1 u% V( T 58. Excommunication3 X& k. i5 v5 K3 }& S3 v
59. Interdict
( s' }9 V. [; V3 @; J8 \. a! Y) Y1 e3 Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions d& s3 G. n( o' O0 l' D/ P! q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 M* J1 e% Y0 p; q) y0 Y 61. Boycott of social affairs
3 e) O6 O' r( y# ?: r7 f1 X) I7 j 62. Student strike
- b, R7 T6 B7 t i! M 63. Social disobedience
4 s5 }2 x1 p0 C5 I( ] 64. Withdrawal from social institutions; i8 f9 Q" h* |! r2 r8 G
D( {$ v# T: J# G. y; L! i) |' eWithdrawal from the Social System& A9 `- c! L6 E- f9 m
65. Stay-at-home" G. R4 d0 }4 f0 U) P, d/ v1 \! i
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 x9 R/ i% ~9 O8 Z1 { 67. “Flight” of workers
) l4 V) ]7 C3 [( [ v 68. Sanctuary3 ?; P l7 a4 t* z. F4 `8 {
69. Collective disappearance
" k# }8 H( C% \# B9 u, u 70. Protest emigration (hijrat), }: E6 ~. a; l6 Q
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9 E+ T& |+ X) o1 f1 U6 k* L. C) d" d/ i3 s
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 r x: X- C" T# b/ P7 [ i3 Y9 R9 w: X) [! _5 y
: \: M+ w2 U5 {0 p* H; p
Actions by Consumers
! G9 u) o! G( g7 P 71. Consumers’ boycott
( ?7 Q( M3 x1 ?2 L6 f% W" ~ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods f& g" _9 A$ F: h3 L
73. Policy of austerity
$ ?" @) @ b( R* |1 U" H* a 74. Rent withholding. f$ O$ W, {+ U1 L. g% Q
75. Refusal to rent
( D" M3 Q3 M4 y% |* `9 q 76. National consumers’ boycott0 A: g! t" y0 `3 {6 c. i, Y
77. International consumers’ boycott! y8 F3 q3 y: ^
+ ?# M: A! r) E, E) |! c! l! oAction by Workers and Producers
2 D3 R) ]+ W1 a) _$ c0 ^- f 78. Workmen’s boycott: Q2 O* c/ w# S% m! Z% ~
79. Producers’ boycott3 K. I; L- Z0 n9 T, P
0 n$ _1 } K$ z1 L% [9 r
Action by Middlemen
8 m b& Q: a2 D- _0 G 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott b# |6 `! J, x P, h
( m1 \( a; }% z6 W9 ?7 N* ]
Action by Owners and Management
$ s( P0 h( }3 G' f$ W. t- A9 n 81. Traders’ boycott
& h# n* i# {. D+ m" Y& ^ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 ~' j7 [: J4 O2 s' p+ G 83. Lockout
9 f+ @ n$ T8 d 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 S1 Y ~8 m' P5 X! g 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" G- Z$ B$ E2 ?7 T! }" Q$ I/ ~
/ }; D: @9 ?# z }! I; @Action by Holders of Financial Resources; E7 @% R/ D* Y# @9 [- Z s( A% F/ H
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, V8 M- Z5 s4 q. o
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( }. }/ v% L! A5 d. f' k H
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ {/ N& m+ T+ Z" M; z
89. Severance of funds and credit
! f4 C# t, V8 L8 [# W 90. Revenue refusal0 g$ H) u2 x/ _( u) o
91. Refusal of a government’s money9 P5 ]4 `6 z7 Z5 d, g5 G
' a/ u4 v% C5 jAction by Governments5 o) U& |; ^+ g
92. Domestic embargo
% g9 @/ W/ L9 g/ {6 _, T/ S 93. Blacklisting of traders
! {2 C: A/ _7 n* X1 i R 94. International sellers’ embargo3 c; i4 ^' r2 s0 C
95. International buyers’ embargo
" ]7 p; ^6 |7 ]6 D% M) y, y 96. International trade embargo. ^& H- `( U+ ^; z' ~4 w( o% K/ s
2 @/ i6 L# w" T5 ?
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# H8 x. k) S. s9 n2 VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 K n1 a' c M4 s9 ?
, m! U3 ^' i9 q9 l
$ _$ Z$ K& X, u4 ^3 E4 a1 N: J4 NSymbolic Strikes
" R, j) j, E a4 m7 A: I 97. Protest strike( v0 t. S+ X" e4 \
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% L9 V* W. f5 V0 e+ l+ a( H
& d- `7 r. Q' y9 S$ c: [Agricultural Strikes; g0 S& g6 B K8 [! K
99. Peasant strike
% g- q, Y& K4 I 100. Farm Workers’ strike1 B% T$ ~1 W! ]$ x% C( ^8 _
8 T3 m$ m; t- lStrikes by Special Groups
$ l. Y; c$ w9 H& U6 s 101. Refusal of impressed labor f- {" O1 c" Y/ L
102. Prisoners’ strike: D: W( k% A* n5 j) O- Y
103. Craft strike
& C& x+ C* q q& Y0 i5 l: | 104. Professional strike& O! Q3 c, v" O7 x; c* M2 ^5 a$ J9 J5 g
, v! { m% B6 E/ q8 Q" sOrdinary Industrial Strikes
2 J1 v/ @' W4 M, E D3 M) {8 z 105. Establishment strike& n; R/ I8 Q; i
106. Industry strike' m V" ~6 N# R- ?8 Q _
107. Sympathetic strike
1 p* r2 ?2 `1 W' T) g: s C* q! q! g9 `4 a: m' v w F
Restricted Strikes3 u) E' V; b$ T; E9 Q! D( k
108. Detailed strike( Y6 b$ z( ]" q( z, N0 r
109. Bumper strike
) f; L# c& x6 ~1 S7 K7 \ ?/ j 110. Slowdown strike
7 @/ D* F" |% Q. L) [ 111. Working-to-rule strike
$ R6 d) I& J: j8 | 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. e( B: ~( Z4 C3 O 113. Strike by resignation- L5 I3 @8 Z, I7 K
114. Limited strike
( O& B/ b5 ~6 o+ `$ r4 Z2 C 115. Selective strike
0 x+ H4 f/ h# G' ?( t6 G4 K1 ]3 Y* w
Multi-Industry Strikes9 ]& e$ T: d5 O6 r7 v& j% x* B
6 G- Y$ l/ S7 S, C& t1 L$ p0 K 116. Generalized strike! @1 F3 R R# a% L- L- ]
7 x" O7 E& O/ W% a3 }. n4 |5 G
117. General strike. H! z4 Q6 W9 {
5 g$ k% H+ n" J! s( WCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* H% D$ T1 q7 b) P% S+ D; k4 ~- q$ Z
118. Hartal
. O9 B ^# V3 {1 M6 a6 y e& B; m2 u6 G) Q1 o
119. Economic shutdown
9 r4 x' U4 T4 ~0 R c& X$ C/ J% a# N# {/ c- L: ]
2 \6 t0 F! h5 ]
& v8 e( _' C" j: m0 |THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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+ {/ v2 |0 I l6 E0 N8 ^Rejection of Authority
6 _5 c8 e3 \7 G, G. K9 S 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# R+ Q ^6 ~7 ~, H0 _- p% b
121. Refusal of public support
$ ^& j% f0 |' \ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: _, U& A. }! y8 m# U& u$ e+ t. t$ S! s! G$ l0 U
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& X. ?8 m( Y q3 | 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% G4 C' G/ e+ F2 l& [" ] 124. Boycott of elections1 H- n: C v4 I1 ` E) p; |7 z1 M
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' R! q6 I; _, f8 C9 P" c6 R 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 V& D# V7 X" M 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 F$ s, E. I& {+ D$ z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 w8 z* c1 g7 U. O" t. I! c 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 z' y& M0 h, k- H' a# t% D 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- k+ g/ P$ v+ p" T) F& \
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 h% W: `3 k) L$ Z 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* m# b+ Y. n' o& `) T: T0 y% T$ y
8 e' ?" J& f4 MCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 g" ?3 B8 a" T1 L
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 B2 X+ e c* E! i6 V
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; g) z. q% ~: `& w. G- \ 135. Popular nonobedience
5 T0 [0 F# Q8 U! P 136. Disguised disobedience3 K" |0 k A: \( {) R
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 m/ G4 x) z a
138. Sitdown6 B7 r" h: p4 o! D1 `4 Y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' @+ S, n/ Y' U @% t
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! J+ H q |0 O) @" O3 `- y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: A5 W$ a0 h/ y: v4 F' R/ K7 ^ b/ F' J3 D" Z* H
Action by Government Personnel
- n, D9 S3 E" ^( { 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( G: a) P; ^6 H G
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( S: s) d' Q# d0 B; P5 G+ r. ^
144. Stalling and obstruction. I4 E1 O! H) d0 i& g0 q2 r/ H
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ ?+ o* V6 C" W* ~+ }% n8 u4 K3 l6 a! k/ o9 ?* R# U j
146. Judicial noncooperation5 b) M3 m! D; h# s+ t n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. y# [6 D/ x- E; K1 G& A* V1 Z 148. Mutiny
! o' x& ~; N6 f2 I A. R( HDomestic Governmental Action3 f! `1 L& F5 }: V
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ \1 d* C v" d& F" {! j/ u 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) w( U: ~, D! A
; M Z |/ e5 b9 }5 ?International Governmental Action1 E$ W; O2 ~5 Z' z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- i$ Q+ [2 Q% e% b! K9 ` 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 ~% Y- a2 }1 {/ S- i! p! E
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ g8 g% G7 D; K8 t, U
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( a, a+ P" m7 e G
155. Withdrawal from international organizations) T7 S2 H0 e* m- K, G
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, _3 `# k2 K) l g9 @8 f9 h# Y
157. Expulsion from international organizations
9 p' Z* m5 J+ b, p8 Y! [
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6 y/ w5 J9 m. \6 k( `6 x. M& Y- B
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
/ x3 p$ L8 @" b" X" J5 D- |# i
' A% L! P" Z. l+ Q9 [- W* F7 k6 C $ [0 f0 n5 X u$ w5 N
Psychological Intervention
8 U$ g* j$ Y1 o! G0 q- h; }. k2 L 158. Self-exposure to the elements* Z M9 `; B% n
159. The fast
L0 G$ L- y+ |& O/ C2 Y. Q a) Fast of moral pressure
8 N' x/ z- \7 ?/ c b) Hunger strike7 h7 E% `3 E4 f4 a- R1 ^: O5 L
c) Satyagrahic fast( {7 }& \7 Y: `% D. e$ [" d
160. Reverse trial
/ d0 B4 r' n0 l: K: d- e: s 161. Nonviolent harassment8 @$ y U" k9 S6 t, f
) Y- E) V: S& t( m+ ~( a5 tPhysical Intervention
/ W! d7 a! N- @, k 162. Sit-in1 i. p) y: w- _7 s+ C6 h
163. Stand-in$ i6 k- T, N- m R2 @
164. Ride-in
2 P- `0 r3 ]" ~8 p; ^- S 165. Wade-in4 t. l: _: X: t( n) g
166. Mill-in. o, _8 W% S$ x" q/ \# E M
167. Pray-in4 B$ Z0 ~% j& y* m# u
168. Nonviolent raids
2 l1 f; b2 W5 S! { 169. Nonviolent air raids
+ |( M! Z. q% f# @* F* Z. q9 g* m( a, H 170. Nonviolent invasion# ^2 i& i9 f2 o, T4 @' I3 {
171. Nonviolent interjection
$ o5 ^ p; j% C4 h3 k! C 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 r9 y& @( p# b9 O
173. Nonviolent occupation9 U/ J; Q; R2 q2 m9 a$ b* w% @( X
1 |; `# R8 N" j: L, J4 aSocial Intervention
: f2 O0 x- _5 i) ?$ o, m7 [% ` 174. Establishing new social patterns- D& O( t$ O0 n. s2 l/ C4 c
175. Overloading of facilities
& T8 }9 p# K) G" }7 B 176. Stall-in% P5 I }, x5 }0 U& m
177. Speak-in/ o5 b( R# n& K1 r1 E! {+ Q
178. Guerrilla theater
3 R; x `: o& Z& t4 j 179. Alternative social institutions
3 I) T) R ^& a$ E/ s3 n9 ^) g 180. Alternative communication system+ U: Q; m" Q8 F1 S$ T Q+ p! _) F {
" P* c( W% Q( M# W% B) T
Economic Intervention. d2 `+ N, L: ^* f8 u3 H) i
181. Reverse strike
( i; M% C/ o2 R8 |" L. ~ 182. Stay-in strike, q8 Y) n/ _! P0 n$ d4 U
183. Nonviolent land seizure y' N; y& e2 R* V
184. Defiance of blockades5 D* B. [, D; A/ V+ L9 b, ~
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: Q: x6 h$ T4 i; j
186. Preclusive purchasing7 U8 g8 X& z J
187. Seizure of assets' E- C; ~6 {6 ^* I3 v5 z
188. Dumping
5 f& |" ?7 F& M- N# P 189. Selective patronage- K0 W5 [# k) i+ j- G4 R
190. Alternative markets( r6 t7 O! h5 v: E& ]9 f7 F$ }
191. Alternative transportation systems
% W4 T( V" m+ z; E f6 h9 i 192. Alternative economic institutions
# h$ L8 ]! a2 j9 U p7 J
1 M) L* e8 K5 Z* H* \" nPolitical Intervention
8 y. z. n6 C8 C0 ~# G 193. Overloading of administrative systems: F* A3 _9 r0 D
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 q& T) R1 w( ? 195. Seeking imprisonment
; E4 m3 y/ G! _$ U' z9 F8 n! A 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 e/ L. \: Z, f+ b7 I 197. Work-on without collaboration+ n* D5 i8 g7 @- v& H0 d- L
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* V% f- R- u {; l- a4 q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
