 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- e0 S8 q! c: }! Y) g6 s9 C
Formal Statements
$ ~' v$ l+ S, f: q1 t 1. Public Speeches, m6 ^: K+ `+ h1 T) p# D2 o
2. Letters of opposition or support
2 L* z9 a+ B$ {) w% D% f( E8 d" N 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& y3 W/ t! K/ M2 `: f; R 4. Signed public statements1 v/ K; A. v" _7 g
5. Declarations of indictment and intention* f* o) Y8 K8 j5 d) K& C
6. Group or mass petitions
+ M; m8 c. A E! b
& p) @. Y: T( A1 g5 ?, t9 |- z1 sCommunications with a Wider Audience! Y( ~2 O% l$ Q) i
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 ?6 Q% r. s$ R
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" S3 l* h! c( t) E0 z/ S* Z4 Z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. _9 w( z, R3 R$ {! k" s ?$ S
10. Newspapers and journals
' B2 Q0 ?. n5 P3 F. @; A4 r$ Y9 Q7 A 11. Records, radio, and television
3 r, T g0 o3 s6 K2 M! E: y; Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 K, F' R; R4 W' }" l2 y
& w7 e9 L0 F* B9 q
Group Representations
; w/ k& ?" P" k3 c7 P" t3 |4 X 13. Deputations% ]3 {# D% o. G- U4 n) K
14. Mock awards
' a1 Y% C/ Q6 l- q$ p3 S( R 15. Group lobbying
9 z/ X/ i" Q4 p1 E8 H2 R 16. Picketing
: c% ]0 D9 M# m& x; ] 17. Mock elections
* w: u5 M3 m) |" \6 Y$ [: K. H" V& p$ r) ]
Symbolic Public Acts
/ {0 g5 w p9 }! |5 A! p 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 z! O+ q: x# m/ ~& w 19. Wearing of symbols
! N$ O5 ~1 M. ^2 m4 I0 W! A 20. Prayer and worship" l& v; S s% c8 ]
21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 K c( w; {% q 22. Protest disrobings4 y) }5 Y" f7 N" O u/ B8 m( X
23. Destruction of own property$ ]7 K3 l6 @0 ^ {' ^' q o
24. Symbolic lights
6 N( b4 C2 O* b: g9 X6 F5 ] 25. Displays of portraits
0 i3 Q" l1 h4 M/ z& c0 _2 X 26. Paint as protest1 v( |" J$ M. b0 B/ R1 ]6 J
27. New signs and names
& ]- I' @3 x: p0 T5 I: n 28. Symbolic sounds
7 O- l/ ^7 @+ \ 29. Symbolic reclamations) r: z, r! P: |5 m( D
30. Rude gestures- H4 p& v( l0 s4 g2 D, q4 F5 x
@ Y, D2 U% V5 ~$ l+ d1 m1 xPressures on Individuals
, ~ ]9 o5 y: R! ]8 F# u: o 31. “Haunting” officials
, O/ i1 i- a" K/ H! j% P/ V* ~ 32. Taunting officials( w/ M( w. E1 _) ], i6 h( j
33. Fraternization- ]: h1 ^- ]; H& X" M
34. Vigils8 R) L% n5 E# J( E* r( |, x m9 A
! E* V& l O' @" a6 |2 l7 W a6 j' vDrama and Music
, A- }. M1 O' z2 y3 d 35. Humorous skits and pranks: v# n7 Q% \1 k4 i8 p$ H
36. Performances of plays and music
( T3 R2 ^3 T6 F; j" S. n, d# { 37. Singing
8 c `0 U6 Y5 y
; Z: X2 {& x- m1 S9 ?Processions" f9 `1 Y$ b' I$ ~
38. Marches2 I: m7 w0 z2 r7 w. Z
39. Parades4 x# s3 p. {) _5 d! ~( m* Z0 R8 L
40. Religious processions
7 U0 q# O5 m; t% \& [1 | 41. Pilgrimages! o9 c4 S) ^* K6 J) _
42. Motorcades5 p! y" v. ?$ [5 D( |. O. {$ p7 W
1 d# F6 A5 {& [; v7 |& X
Honoring the Dead; l- ^( {. V5 [$ m; C: F* A+ }3 c
43. Political mourning% e# {" _$ i: a; H; L
44. Mock funerals4 V5 K6 |0 i7 p: u1 Y( Z8 |
45. Demonstrative funerals5 R5 h c: p# L4 j j
46. Homage at burial places
( T% s' c# C! o7 X/ J: X5 T8 h3 M7 V: p @7 e
Public Assemblies3 Y1 Z' Q2 c5 t& p* l M
47. Assemblies of protest or support
; d7 H; o! s7 Q* [; a8 G 48. Protest meetings* q( S& S$ M( f
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( ^- S# M) ]- p" f4 R f 50. Teach-ins' g7 d: i, C( Y/ d* l3 E6 V
' Y. w% G6 v) z |Withdrawal and Renunciation& s7 b9 o. E3 {$ _3 }( p6 ^
51. Walk-outs
/ i" J& @' a7 }$ \5 S j: }2 s 52. Silence% X# @4 F! Z# K6 M
53. Renouncing honors1 j/ K/ J7 {% G: p2 r
54. Turning one’s back/ t* [- L3 J, {/ _4 [
" ]3 k1 y8 A( D. G* b) t8 _; O4 }- h
* Q8 j( M6 |# S2 R: Q" F7 c; b8 ^, I6 V: J- E
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 Z/ J+ r: V1 W& A4 W- Z: M( y
4 m3 x8 I. I0 `! R N; q* ^
; k! J( b, |# H F: Q: y& t! g8 ~
" i9 I$ J% o: T1 T0 w1 Y$ x4 X7 }Ostracism of Persons
6 R+ O& y- a2 ?" b) i' [+ H 55. Social boycott0 Z- B. R/ G/ Q; }; [
56. Selective social boycott
3 ^6 h+ M" J: W4 G" f2 j 57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 j1 r+ i, ^1 l- L( y% T# H. c, t 58. Excommunication/ H5 G: D5 L) W. z, p$ l; Z' Z
59. Interdict
. h& B4 o" p" t9 W& Q
5 Y& N! G# s6 W& T5 O4 i& kNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 `: E9 i/ ]$ K$ Y- T8 F
60. Suspension of social and sports activities% r; A$ V/ `4 g+ e
61. Boycott of social affairs
, ]/ H- ^0 R2 b0 T 62. Student strike
! {! q5 u$ B3 Q% u 63. Social disobedience6 T: r$ J6 `3 B( d4 ` d5 j+ t
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 M: I- ^3 b9 L. Z, H4 V9 W- L
3 h8 }# q% s0 {: H$ ]Withdrawal from the Social System) V3 @/ a5 X5 K2 T8 u5 ]# j
65. Stay-at-home% y- G' {& [& l4 g$ y: e5 z
66. Total personal noncooperation
- i% N" C8 @4 M" e: S 67. “Flight” of workers
, s8 r8 m/ z2 U; ?5 K5 r; G( h: X& S 68. Sanctuary
d5 m% W, b7 O4 k7 c 69. Collective disappearance
. [9 |3 l% N+ o2 l 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): n' f0 f( \6 j" _ N& n' J
8 |, I, Q2 i }# O4 M" H
% a" q8 r+ R3 ~, A9 w* d
* D/ q* b, k! i+ I0 _
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ w8 R1 {1 w+ ]5 Q( t; i- O/ n) N) u3 H' p+ A3 D5 r/ C, j' r
, J% j( R; }" t+ |0 G% ?9 c
Actions by Consumers
; }8 u& t, _& t' q5 n 71. Consumers’ boycott
! I% m. k' A% _& q( d9 X# w+ d1 \ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# ]. X9 _8 K/ w, S
73. Policy of austerity
/ n9 i* }; s' ~- x& B5 \ 74. Rent withholding4 G+ n" G9 }7 v* I
75. Refusal to rent' }3 D, m" v* z' w' G
76. National consumers’ boycott
/ w( ~4 \: I3 d, [ 77. International consumers’ boycott
) U5 U! X1 E. }! d# u% a% H2 ^$ g2 `5 g( `: H
Action by Workers and Producers
) @( l: r b8 u% H0 k 78. Workmen’s boycott
) D3 `1 P4 N! y; w 79. Producers’ boycott
- g' d3 Q' K( _$ k: _' @$ O: x3 I0 `2 R& W5 q
Action by Middlemen
9 I" v2 |5 m: P! O; C3 _% _% Z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott* v9 P, [% e0 P8 G. n
; f1 p7 O* m; g* o9 _
Action by Owners and Management
4 T% d# q" K9 r7 v 81. Traders’ boycott
0 j F2 K/ z. m- s. D1 C) \ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
! |7 {7 {' C4 Q 83. Lockout
8 F8 ]6 b5 g" o$ l3 T9 a 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: C1 Z: X9 d/ ], h2 J D 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: _, s) G3 I0 s3 k3 P8 |! o- a+ L, A8 r6 @! @/ D
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
3 }' r3 v5 H/ }5 G- Z2 h 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 o3 I1 [: T) {% a! @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ L1 _& y u& F5 A
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ Q5 j9 J) c- @" d 89. Severance of funds and credit
) k7 Z& F% _8 | ?/ U E) ^ 90. Revenue refusal
5 _* j5 K& ~8 F 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 r( ]* k2 z" [8 ]9 `3 ]3 z
$ U9 v, ^" d t0 w0 xAction by Governments
. d3 T2 Z, o% u" M0 x/ Y 92. Domestic embargo5 [- O) j! n+ i: R
93. Blacklisting of traders, |# {3 z$ K, ^4 @, _5 A
94. International sellers’ embargo( {: r$ R/ n0 z; ?0 ]
95. International buyers’ embargo" K! a6 a2 e; Z
96. International trade embargo; p3 {6 }# v6 b; ]" P1 W
4 X! X7 o7 W; d( R) J: m+ j5 [$ O5 e9 S # x _) X. z9 \
\+ m( w: \4 X1 M( P) Q* wTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
$ x% {8 l! V( |& c: O7 A( |! O! E1 h
t/ i' _& M( {1 d+ D% f 0 y) E' l# p" S4 y
Symbolic Strikes
) I1 h6 K# x. M: V& E 97. Protest strike0 i- X" w" V7 V9 s- w
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% K! A1 x* A# _5 S# Q+ w* y0 v& _6 v% Y$ w4 A: K7 \# d
Agricultural Strikes+ R/ A1 d H: B+ D$ V
99. Peasant strike
3 V, {- m# I: B' z+ H, g) |1 |6 v/ H 100. Farm Workers’ strike7 i) D5 G8 L2 U, `
3 S& j0 t6 e) w% A7 L2 C' ?Strikes by Special Groups. _- U1 h8 ^: t5 \8 ^% K# h
101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 n9 n3 ~9 s! D, g 102. Prisoners’ strike
3 w. r# E. U& F V# m& ~; ^. r 103. Craft strike) A& ] l2 W- W& t
104. Professional strike
% k$ F' c9 }9 D3 O7 K
% e6 W5 x- l9 c# g9 JOrdinary Industrial Strikes! N5 X+ R3 E+ }+ R
105. Establishment strike
7 T6 r& Z9 `5 g 106. Industry strike- b5 g5 C: W* r5 ?
107. Sympathetic strike9 o* v& k3 H# B4 X3 j* }
* `9 K5 K4 W3 `$ h, z6 F7 `4 s
Restricted Strikes- B* h/ Z# F* a: H6 [) L
108. Detailed strike
, E( t) U+ M# E: } 109. Bumper strike
; |- ]% w3 z. ^6 o0 g7 q 110. Slowdown strike
+ }! _2 V3 F' S. v 111. Working-to-rule strike. t3 m F5 h- i5 Q9 @
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 `& V; J& F; H' A; w+ S. [
113. Strike by resignation
: u! ]0 m* \* L' d% C# D& f 114. Limited strike$ r" \ m/ a: Z1 ~3 l% [. f6 ?! n
115. Selective strike
' {" c5 q) q. ?! }$ u1 Y0 @! S0 J# b% z3 A
Multi-Industry Strikes
9 j. s8 Z( q7 D4 N8 i/ e$ u( ~& m+ i+ ^3 v* ^
116. Generalized strike1 L# \: s) c3 E) g+ Q
) T! W3 i& i- Q* r/ q/ k2 X
117. General strike
* z& l+ N8 m( U' s7 @# i: f2 `1 M. X" P% K& q3 E2 \
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 S( L4 q, x: i9 N) }, N4 Z% s1 w
9 [$ K8 B# C: A* n, R 118. Hartal; D0 J4 p3 W+ [3 Y' s2 O
: v; O( ~. J) M 119. Economic shutdown
' o0 f/ i0 ?2 Y4 N
9 }: Q/ U- N, \4 k' g
) K4 ^, n- w8 T; x3 h
( c4 y/ O ^; \ G9 {) oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
S% X" V. m/ E" M+ G! L9 O% P+ }7 n" ], f# a! U
% h9 g4 w1 d X8 h
Rejection of Authority9 Q+ L1 \( } L, R2 a
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 \# @% [; m1 S7 y5 v; w2 t" y! z 121. Refusal of public support
+ E$ h( m1 m1 o% R; e 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) }: n7 V8 ?) A5 B/ h
, Q" J$ ^) ]4 g) c+ I8 j/ qCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 I0 \8 @% F: T2 g8 M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. e3 S* J# s/ s( M2 W 124. Boycott of elections
+ Z. a" D( f4 u- j( M+ ~ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# Q/ R# q) l b) J6 M 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( L3 o8 a* ^ X3 I; n; j) e1 ^ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
A" N' L6 L7 O' x 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 l0 N' V* @: U
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ D4 m. ?; h( _4 I/ R4 y4 `$ G 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. g/ v# @1 y! d3 n s4 [ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 F2 |" }0 k4 }9 w) b' w$ p 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 @! r3 X: T( U
5 @' P: p" F5 sCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 Y- W) V1 ]. |5 n0 } 133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 N0 b" F) k) H/ T; N" {+ L0 `
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ t* ?, A5 b4 ]
135. Popular nonobedience
. s6 G" L6 g, Z3 ^. I1 P 136. Disguised disobedience2 h# K) D. I( p" o
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( c# V- t1 m/ c3 o 138. Sitdown9 Z* p! s6 c& T) C. m X) ?( e" I
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 n7 G& _; c( X5 I# e 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 |+ r4 f! d8 H
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- I- u0 G- }, Q& h7 d8 `6 `
2 E& \* D% j: ?. C$ z X9 RAction by Government Personnel
: q, k L: k. V& K1 @ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ Z3 V/ j% c# j2 ~+ b2 ]
143. Blocking of lines of command and information* {8 r8 V8 O2 m( l+ f( @5 Q' k3 l
144. Stalling and obstruction2 k9 T; ~3 n9 `' o
145. General administrative noncooperation
& B0 |4 L6 x: [
2 D5 I. O( M$ g 146. Judicial noncooperation
/ z' m4 `; i3 ~7 {2 n 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
T! |# D$ |. O* W9 I0 ` 148. Mutiny
& P2 e: s/ g* k: C9 R! y6 ^Domestic Governmental Action+ [* O% U& q/ F+ `1 z! F
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: P! C& g# A' E) Y) g 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( q* d3 H b" N$ W; M9 E; e% `" k; n/ g' z/ [: Y: o9 X7 y5 b! V( f% C
International Governmental Action
" ^5 w2 u# N3 }$ j1 T3 | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' V% F/ K# q% _' _( l: ~+ J4 D
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 x; M! ]/ N# t8 D. C0 {* s K) ~2 w! J 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition i9 q# F. O. n: c0 g$ t' h2 O8 L
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ @. j$ Z( {2 X# l 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# V& O. D' h7 e& p; Z8 m( H 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- W' l$ b7 Z# O9 t A9 g4 T i% r
157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 N) b0 a' }3 C! [5 s; w9 u* C
2 k+ t. m# \( s1 N* U " H) b5 ]8 [4 l! U( s% ]' I: w q3 |
) a- a3 Z: C- S- Y# J0 m
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 ?+ y3 y! M5 F$ B" ?
) x. Y' m* g2 H
! ~0 i% J, v6 n. i, MPsychological Intervention0 B5 K5 d; r, ]8 j' n) b
158. Self-exposure to the elements
# T/ Z8 g- U2 K( l4 n 159. The fast( n F1 @2 d& C" d" ]8 N+ @
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 Z/ G! A' {* Y6 O$ B0 j6 T b) Hunger strike
; x* X9 H( W2 @5 {; M2 P |1 n c) Satyagrahic fast
4 G! b' Q3 n1 d! k1 T7 D 160. Reverse trial
" c& o) G+ p! @' p 161. Nonviolent harassment
2 b/ B8 b7 }0 P5 I3 ~3 U' l+ m" z. r/ P! W3 ~
Physical Intervention
- J8 {5 @' {+ S, h s$ M8 o" M 162. Sit-in5 l$ x# h! t1 ]& W* X. l, [( V4 M
163. Stand-in* A' }9 ^; Q, A5 T. ]8 D
164. Ride-in) k- H0 y9 t7 C. P& S
165. Wade-in
( O+ \/ n7 }# q' Q* t 166. Mill-in
W1 O; j1 x, g, E3 L' g 167. Pray-in
1 e$ {/ T6 A, m6 Y: ~8 |/ w7 y 168. Nonviolent raids( u, O8 Q5 Q# s! _0 e8 m" C
169. Nonviolent air raids
# C* h5 [ W9 n( G& \ 170. Nonviolent invasion9 O' ^& M, G. \, J
171. Nonviolent interjection2 }% P/ R" j0 l! }/ @! _" F* b
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 a) x9 D) a- n/ a `1 ^) ]# M 173. Nonviolent occupation$ R9 Z6 A9 t6 Z& s* K8 Y
1 @7 w. B G* j0 N+ b1 ASocial Intervention; O+ A$ O" ^ z: H6 ?
174. Establishing new social patterns$ c6 g% y3 j5 x6 ^- {
175. Overloading of facilities9 H% V( Z* K0 l3 z
176. Stall-in% h. F2 z. J, _
177. Speak-in- \8 k9 j! q6 q! T1 ^3 o
178. Guerrilla theater" z9 f- t! t4 Q) `! I; s
179. Alternative social institutions. W( K; m8 ^* Y; U# {
180. Alternative communication system; F& {! d" V. Z; K9 M& H1 M: _6 @
# S% R7 l0 T" qEconomic Intervention* Z' U5 s7 m. E+ V4 q7 a9 B7 A
181. Reverse strike# J- {4 p O+ Z9 Q. B# e b
182. Stay-in strike
" P* w1 ^+ U% L) g; i+ s5 S+ x 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 u2 m+ r1 T$ G1 Y/ U
184. Defiance of blockades& N' [3 Q- r, G/ _& t* ?3 f8 n) f7 B
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting( B0 k# @* P8 |5 f
186. Preclusive purchasing5 o9 t1 K1 g" N* u$ z: n. z( B' V
187. Seizure of assets
B- c8 l; x) F% s( D: u0 F 188. Dumping& S6 V3 y* X$ K) V8 o2 g$ E
189. Selective patronage8 A9 r0 O) q. v1 q6 x. K! L' O) i
190. Alternative markets
, y- e) [8 _. L9 `& i5 |' [ 191. Alternative transportation systems* O) z5 g# \; V: ` J' }
192. Alternative economic institutions4 h! f5 K; m$ N8 o
6 B% H- j. U1 {
Political Intervention5 e+ z# J$ j5 w/ Z1 G* Z3 @ u+ E5 P
193. Overloading of administrative systems, k* {. @$ p8 ?3 G j6 }9 F
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; X& m$ u6 [/ _7 V) C- \. N
195. Seeking imprisonment# Z7 `. d' G0 X/ F$ {0 n
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 ]. r' i; k% z) _/ t% ` 197. Work-on without collaboration$ A& b1 T+ E0 j( ^7 f
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' k: I& R) W" K; f
, q5 d7 H. O0 L) `9 M |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
