 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 j0 Q* {; x. e5 a' y/ |
Formal Statements2 s5 @3 H/ A9 x* ]/ P) n. V
1. Public Speeches3 C6 L9 I9 m( V2 N
2. Letters of opposition or support; I. N! W& f9 C% C6 U: [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* X* |, |' `6 n6 e" o, L
4. Signed public statements
) p$ G7 a6 W: f! \9 K 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ g& s& ?+ r8 @( A! X! [' r a 6. Group or mass petitions
, E% R# B; x( k* M+ a0 V/ O: F" R4 y, c* S! n# h
Communications with a Wider Audience
% Q! {8 L7 \' d7 s- L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 V+ i- V" O( B' W
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications* T4 r5 T& `6 ~8 P2 x3 S; v
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& f/ @& g7 O3 p( \" s3 @) z 10. Newspapers and journals+ c2 e4 q- n/ s/ `0 y
11. Records, radio, and television
: r2 }- t* d* Y. K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ @/ G8 W! ^' ^0 G$ {. |9 D) R0 T! Y$ t5 L% e; r
Group Representations
3 ~" k O: I7 A2 U) b 13. Deputations0 P- ~/ C1 R$ D6 h4 A! Q
14. Mock awards. f- m5 W( I+ x! _4 i- Z
15. Group lobbying
$ U T9 E4 B7 d# q 16. Picketing1 t, W! [( ?9 q) V
17. Mock elections
! L: q& y6 t+ W* d
9 b; V. W4 O3 X' JSymbolic Public Acts
; W2 |0 O# t& M2 e' O% n* I 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 o4 m0 U' s# C5 r7 h5 e 19. Wearing of symbols
! N& |! ?6 @$ {: B& B& s 20. Prayer and worship7 i0 C0 G! t: n: q8 W. s E* R
21. Delivering symbolic objects
/ a7 R9 r7 s+ c% V5 }, G 22. Protest disrobings/ [) B7 Y8 i% x4 l' v# U
23. Destruction of own property
, v4 j, B% V) `5 \4 d 24. Symbolic lights
& }# ^/ ]4 W- Y( a) ~" w 25. Displays of portraits
: X9 y& c% c$ k' h 26. Paint as protest
5 m* ]2 ~. t& j' i# C: J2 h 27. New signs and names
9 g( D: b* a3 T9 B% ?, S 28. Symbolic sounds9 u* \$ F/ M4 D6 E: E- X' f- |
29. Symbolic reclamations" s6 B1 ^7 k$ `/ x# v
30. Rude gestures
; G* i, ~- \' ^! Q. q0 m0 A# Q, n: P" ]7 D3 ~. j0 B8 I* z
Pressures on Individuals
* H l+ D& _7 z: n z$ e% {8 s& Z9 X% c 31. “Haunting” officials5 I5 W' w$ ~7 [9 n; A: s2 s; y' m
32. Taunting officials
2 e: N3 i" d# Z7 |+ R2 i! x 33. Fraternization/ F8 V6 i! \ A: d
34. Vigils& R# z' S% p4 ?& B! U: A
3 D4 w% p, Y2 ?' n6 x
Drama and Music
8 f( ?# L! b# E& d5 H 35. Humorous skits and pranks
# m/ G# J, z' L3 @! `+ c% x 36. Performances of plays and music* r: K: M/ i" s, q9 h" Q
37. Singing& g% @' x& S. K* l7 O/ K; `
4 o0 v& G3 @" L. t( u# Z
Processions
2 B! z3 G1 a' n+ E 38. Marches
) d$ T+ \! R3 x# {. |( |% B( q 39. Parades
9 v. x* e/ ~' x8 }8 g3 R 40. Religious processions
6 F2 r3 }: z8 p! F- \0 Z4 F0 X 41. Pilgrimages0 \: N7 [) b9 K( i; ]
42. Motorcades
8 m0 C+ z8 s8 V: R" {4 O
1 m6 m- q' `5 m! n! G8 M+ P- vHonoring the Dead
) p {, k' Y4 Y) j9 w; J: { 43. Political mourning
r& E; d* @# Y- m- B) E. B1 s0 Q4 p6 b 44. Mock funerals2 J4 @$ R1 t z# p
45. Demonstrative funerals |8 P' `# b0 t: \ w9 a( X0 S
46. Homage at burial places$ \: S2 q! {0 b) ~/ b
% m- t5 E7 @9 P
Public Assemblies
. P9 n6 u& e- U2 U! u 47. Assemblies of protest or support
" H+ K; Y0 o2 o 48. Protest meetings% T( u8 R) F3 G- N6 z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 W! N; ~% g5 q. E9 ^+ P 50. Teach-ins
4 J0 h, O t# q1 r8 ]7 W9 W5 @/ S) o# U5 Y0 D
Withdrawal and Renunciation
* T u( W( a# q$ R( y- l& e z 51. Walk-outs% E5 ?# ~3 D- V; l: f w( f
52. Silence% {; |# q8 {& ~! j$ H0 S( g
53. Renouncing honors, `- Z ?) n* V8 o
54. Turning one’s back
2 Y' c2 }1 F ?
) w% C m6 u' r V5 ~) ?; ? 5 U: f. |9 \% C/ z% F0 d5 Y, a
/ ^/ |! @ \ [5 n+ j
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 s) ]- a' h* M K) t/ t: r: z
" u' V7 B0 n6 I2 {+ ?$ L * D) B) @2 ~$ W' C
* p% I; `4 S0 }* p
Ostracism of Persons
, e. n3 E' T+ [: N% O 55. Social boycott
' J- F, k L' `( ]4 L" V9 ` 56. Selective social boycott
8 N7 z- x' m4 y5 ?6 X) Y9 k1 W% A 57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ L) f" n e3 g+ n8 t$ C! v 58. Excommunication
. h* u) a+ C) |. W 59. Interdict, Z( n' t; E/ c; @
. Q# N" v8 F: }% z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ X9 g: @( ?9 }
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 W! A% }+ b+ N, Q$ t
61. Boycott of social affairs7 S I- Y* _1 ?; e/ `
62. Student strike
' a8 f" r6 }% W1 o3 D. H 63. Social disobedience, |2 z( v. R. a- T$ E& }, v
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. K9 K. W. o; \0 ^0 w
: x5 ?2 m: D- K2 zWithdrawal from the Social System) u6 z, M: J; ~) G- @ P* O+ S
65. Stay-at-home) J# W N3 v$ t6 `
66. Total personal noncooperation ?8 D$ K& u% t
67. “Flight” of workers( u3 s+ o* a2 L, G, o$ R7 _) j$ D
68. Sanctuary/ | E# x7 M! i: r
69. Collective disappearance
5 L C! I- y$ l; ] 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' X) r6 {% @- a" j2 E( Y/ ~! w
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5 s7 K: D6 E8 O, l1 ~
6 z/ V& g! f. a9 S
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
2 [% H6 b( s' S s7 w) n# r- ]5 G u( R" N0 u M5 \" O
R. d; ~8 j2 n: y& a+ _. M3 Q% E! ]Actions by Consumers
1 m0 b" t8 S7 R k5 Y1 h' I! R 71. Consumers’ boycott: M7 k9 n8 Q; Z" t
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( n+ h1 d8 L) g; f: z4 N8 r3 t% A 73. Policy of austerity/ m5 ]5 R3 e3 f4 F6 b
74. Rent withholding, P1 G' |% G" t2 A' [/ H1 g7 Q
75. Refusal to rent
# ?. n% s% E) \0 o% W7 j 76. National consumers’ boycott( x1 I* ?' E- G. t( B D- N5 b
77. International consumers’ boycott9 T. H$ d z. z/ X2 L$ E
, ^4 [' V/ Z* |& R, }) g) P6 [
Action by Workers and Producers9 ~7 f! Q6 o9 ^$ b! O, o4 I* \, B& P4 G
78. Workmen’s boycott
* ?) z) f7 V8 _: ?, l 79. Producers’ boycott' ]/ D( u* T8 i# y
2 @& R2 S: e9 c0 d
Action by Middlemen
! d9 l' @1 N# }7 E; e. Z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 Q; ] q! ^4 {- u0 R
* p; g/ Q! d% r' a3 W
Action by Owners and Management
8 `, J0 T( w' U L; N$ f 81. Traders’ boycott3 E: H9 P+ k K5 w
82. Refusal to let or sell property% s( @; I2 R3 c, G+ s% E
83. Lockout
: R& X. U0 e/ A3 T 84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 O. o6 q# J& s+ L8 `# }
85. Merchants’ “general strike”; b2 U0 r G0 x
* ~0 C5 \0 J. Y2 t6 F0 _* j2 R( yAction by Holders of Financial Resources+ g: c& U: p1 T5 q1 C4 g. p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& g1 I- n/ R2 a1 d+ j' c0 L1 B
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ g2 J# _) D: ^9 f) c7 |
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 x% r: m2 y- w& Z, Q! y% c 89. Severance of funds and credit
, P+ c# s" R( _+ x4 S: p 90. Revenue refusal
: }1 \3 V# c8 h 91. Refusal of a government’s money+ S( h& {4 S0 u+ s1 g( o8 G
2 J2 E. \: A8 y: QAction by Governments
' `( r% n" ]/ I7 m7 }: j 92. Domestic embargo
/ x% R6 N3 q" l: [ 93. Blacklisting of traders
5 r& m+ m6 r& v% w# c" F( l: E 94. International sellers’ embargo
- J8 [2 z' v9 a* l, z9 u9 N 95. International buyers’ embargo
# Y* F2 \( _# D: _& d' b 96. International trade embargo
; `: H; J/ c3 D9 {( N4 w- k: }4 }# R( Z' g3 \% s5 U
* E% ]' w4 `8 C9 C" ]
% m$ e$ y: |/ ]+ }, g$ K- n% ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- }: \/ e- Q3 O, y' [6 L* A# u* a
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) O. G7 ]& I! a P0 A* j
Symbolic Strikes/ E; U: M9 B2 {# `2 `
97. Protest strike0 {9 a! D( J3 W' l8 H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ ~* g v$ e! r/ H4 G2 d
1 k3 E1 w, ^ g) t# \
Agricultural Strikes2 l8 {" ~ I$ H& ]" ]9 A; N; Z
99. Peasant strike* ]. e! i' X0 s
100. Farm Workers’ strike
g. F7 s$ V$ u r# ~& u( `" Z6 G7 b( r4 y9 h% @
Strikes by Special Groups
* l5 ~+ E1 u% [: | 101. Refusal of impressed labor! ~" z2 R9 R8 K0 \, s
102. Prisoners’ strike
9 ~* U6 L: K' ^3 W 103. Craft strike
" L* [& u: C9 O! R6 T3 d 104. Professional strike5 }) w, K; ]2 [/ ]
) j- n% z- I, G, K
Ordinary Industrial Strikes' F6 c {" t; Y
105. Establishment strike
! J' m& e# i; V 106. Industry strike( H+ Y) ?4 Y$ y2 @1 h+ K
107. Sympathetic strike, w, _1 [5 t$ H) j. Y
3 l6 J" Z0 w% h2 h# b$ H. W" b0 O
Restricted Strikes
4 ~, i! s8 B" b. G! u \1 N 108. Detailed strike
/ J8 Q" B6 |, R# C. m. m, ^ 109. Bumper strike
/ C! R9 M: {( A 110. Slowdown strike4 V7 U. A! @" A" G; Z
111. Working-to-rule strike& `4 E5 N% o5 t+ L
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 d' \/ p& e0 w5 e2 T9 C& ] 113. Strike by resignation
; h' f- |4 h) G: }8 ~! a 114. Limited strike
( R7 |' o. [5 B( u7 l2 a 115. Selective strike$ l2 c' N) C8 g9 f6 s1 |2 w
- }7 W2 \/ a* d/ `: FMulti-Industry Strikes
" h7 u) F i& H2 g
" J! }) P1 s; H/ K2 s% Q" j; v1 Z7 w 116. Generalized strike
9 F2 T, x' o; ]% ~. ?5 s+ Z
8 }+ G1 a# z6 G, h6 _( r# ] 117. General strike3 S5 S/ y7 K0 o! U1 Q$ t
- E' y6 l b" w4 mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
" h1 y1 ]; z( b: j9 e6 H7 I* L
) ~9 _7 w8 ]) O# a8 Q% G% i 118. Hartal n" s6 w+ C" n' j# L# y
; Y" N% k# q P 119. Economic shutdown
5 i* {( K. k. T' |) B4 m( @
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+ h; T2 p8 L, f/ u1 V LTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 C5 }, m. p1 I
& [0 T- d% j1 b7 f# C0 ? $ J; R2 x( I( a/ c# ^
Rejection of Authority% N6 M- h: @% b
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ r5 a+ I: b, Y. H( G/ V) I. N
121. Refusal of public support& U( J! R3 ]7 e/ q- M) W
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, C" N! S4 u, ]: z* v0 N+ a
% O6 h l3 h+ G% b4 l
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. w& I* T h3 U# M8 l 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% V2 i1 k5 o j
124. Boycott of elections
+ [ s" J% ^$ i* c' p& b; z7 M$ m 125. Boycott of government employment and positions# l* J* f1 o; U1 p( h
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: G6 u3 {! Y" `5 X6 d6 Q q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 h, x: W# W( r, R7 G( t
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. ?' d# U3 K& P; @3 O. K 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, [( \# K6 p8 f 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 _. ]8 v/ K x& t- r4 j 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# T7 y$ b5 s# O" f6 Q7 I2 f5 U 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, J0 y# F! i/ S" A0 E9 R2 m: q- `) S9 V$ ?* `
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 J, g, Z' s* R9 i F
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 ?* j& z ]$ Y$ \ r# h 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 ]' b6 {& Y" N( A 135. Popular nonobedience
4 c- q& B$ t7 a5 o+ s( y; C7 Y5 \ 136. Disguised disobedience
: }& q. B2 l3 b 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ A5 Q# A5 A( _2 C+ {% O: e 138. Sitdown+ F# w y7 p6 G
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ e+ S1 ?) k' M7 n; X W* D8 s 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" ^' S+ p/ T% d& G7 W7 L$ L/ w 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' c5 g; m; D0 ~( j0 g y7 H: X8 k0 C0 F( @3 E
Action by Government Personnel' P+ O7 s2 P) m) \% T+ H+ h
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
, l6 s( f3 U( z& O3 ^ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information& q% W+ I6 ]( X0 X/ Y2 H, `
144. Stalling and obstruction- g, P5 a9 {1 p+ X
145. General administrative noncooperation
: C: z1 j$ X/ I
& ]6 f9 M" D$ d 146. Judicial noncooperation6 j' J* \* _6 z3 d) P2 {
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 d$ o$ R5 D4 g- L7 H 148. Mutiny
, Z- t* `2 B. EDomestic Governmental Action
8 S: `# Y6 A. H ]# d3 U: b' ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! w- [6 v) B$ g" g- T2 f 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 d, o! r" m8 E+ G$ `& u
1 P% _# u0 ^ `, g9 O: K( LInternational Governmental Action
p6 H6 H2 P+ _: } 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 c. I5 ]( I; Q6 H# M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: H* Q5 s+ A! G 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, O) V5 R' L( ?& D3 `. g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations& W' w$ Y* C/ t$ x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations9 A. Y3 F" I3 t0 _' A1 {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( a) D7 H4 c! W; @2 y, r' K; V- U 157. Expulsion from international organizations
* Z2 r' j8 [6 D. E* f- B
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 J# {2 J5 l! @. b2 Q: ]
# d& d$ u/ f: }! T
8 n8 [1 n+ j( R1 J3 p
Psychological Intervention6 D9 t6 r G z
158. Self-exposure to the elements0 f$ V' T) U/ H7 p, C7 i1 Q
159. The fast5 `" n3 _! I c5 n
a) Fast of moral pressure9 i( V' H% X B. U( P
b) Hunger strike
. k9 h- D( ~( s# z2 ]* Y! K c) Satyagrahic fast6 d: R" Z; t' Z4 A
160. Reverse trial
6 |3 V9 A, y$ ^- @6 z4 U$ d5 [ 161. Nonviolent harassment
% o' j* p& X. X& ]
! G a5 f; Q& f* c: O6 r2 }. yPhysical Intervention" J0 u& f" n0 c4 V; \2 T- `' Q
162. Sit-in
( D C" y+ Z/ l7 E: b 163. Stand-in
4 Y) f6 p2 o2 T2 e6 v 164. Ride-in
' U% L( F. p: h; ], m8 R( v 165. Wade-in
! \0 j; e7 h/ c 166. Mill-in1 _0 c9 f0 s& p2 m! P. ]% `& d
167. Pray-in: {. k: Z o2 _0 {+ N' s
168. Nonviolent raids' s# j7 g. a, h, D, `! ]' `3 f; N
169. Nonviolent air raids+ }( X' {- z9 M( k- A: g# h
170. Nonviolent invasion6 v7 o$ O( ^" }2 ? U" P
171. Nonviolent interjection
& X- P/ m3 t6 O9 [ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& z% J7 a; }1 |3 Y7 N; p 173. Nonviolent occupation
5 Z1 n- F# c9 M! I% `6 [% U' i6 u& Z& P S" D6 d
Social Intervention
7 h8 n+ Z# ] v* x% k 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 n; n- ?7 V. e q 175. Overloading of facilities
( Y+ O* I Z% Z9 G: a/ H$ k: v& t 176. Stall-in; j+ x5 D' \9 n+ O5 p' L- i
177. Speak-in% b7 b( S* w; A
178. Guerrilla theater4 N, r( l! L$ b$ n) {
179. Alternative social institutions
; x( L4 B7 p4 V- L) L) u! i 180. Alternative communication system
( D5 u5 w7 r* W5 h0 S4 ]5 P: G# p; e
Economic Intervention
6 b% [9 ]6 V s6 Z, d 181. Reverse strike! G# r0 m) j6 X+ @$ S9 S* y
182. Stay-in strike0 S8 n% I, t7 v2 J1 \
183. Nonviolent land seizure
, T: Q1 q3 `5 q- `& c! Y 184. Defiance of blockades6 a$ \: E! R, d' w1 d8 B* q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* b" [8 q0 }' O! {7 Q, P: _- d
186. Preclusive purchasing1 w! [( ^6 |2 v) g3 [8 z x9 m
187. Seizure of assets. N9 y- T' u/ ?# M: k8 I
188. Dumping
) l& H3 {6 R6 `9 ]" g& Y! ~! { 189. Selective patronage
2 |' s3 K% j6 k' y7 N) y( \( q 190. Alternative markets
. N: b+ P) X9 N8 t" L4 J4 Z1 ]' Z( k 191. Alternative transportation systems" `2 Y9 h& \' I4 B6 A
192. Alternative economic institutions
% ^% d5 ~, b; C. z2 T# ?, w1 r* f8 c* S0 s( C) |
Political Intervention7 O" C4 a- \4 W9 s8 n
193. Overloading of administrative systems9 J9 E& m$ f! h7 I
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 [/ F0 \7 l2 X& v 195. Seeking imprisonment3 _" N' F( Z. x
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 Y# ]+ J& Y. t( k% ^0 I1 Q y
197. Work-on without collaboration
% ]: W6 k# v% d2 R 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ N1 z/ f9 @7 a0 l% L3 S$ i
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
