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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( h' P5 Z; | u* z4 nFormal Statements; B) v8 J6 P2 S' m; m! r
1. Public Speeches7 Q+ ^9 S+ I. v" z* w- W9 @
2. Letters of opposition or support" X) J. M) l& L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* x! {& D# D; m5 z# g7 ^ 4. Signed public statements
, P: z) a9 n- P$ O& S: ? 5. Declarations of indictment and intention: Q+ B5 ~7 s4 P) X* _
6. Group or mass petitions
9 f' L z `" q. M8 A! P
* ?& W; E3 \% q$ o0 C, NCommunications with a Wider Audience% b" `& W r% K }5 g
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) I5 A1 C6 L8 [' v+ S* _$ P e
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 \! l* v/ L0 [8 }& G' g
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 `+ _' D \% |" m
10. Newspapers and journals
$ |9 A* s( T- W" T+ G$ h 11. Records, radio, and television
. P7 D; |' t8 S, S$ s% _' e 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ N: l4 T7 _# o$ m2 M( g8 R2 b6 f# I! O
Group Representations. e6 C( d0 q2 Q2 A0 I# n
13. Deputations& Q- w' i, [+ J3 \
14. Mock awards
6 m h) a* o! X M% u2 `7 W# g2 j- H 15. Group lobbying
9 w0 V( H9 Y9 y! V 16. Picketing
/ n. ~! x0 e+ t# p 17. Mock elections
; h6 ?: k' Z: W& ?
7 p3 v# {) I0 HSymbolic Public Acts
( {, B6 R0 ^ d2 M" p1 q* n- M 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ i* q* @% y# L: m
19. Wearing of symbols
# p: [, y2 @; G1 U 20. Prayer and worship
9 O5 |) @% U! \+ }# b! s0 _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects$ H K1 j0 l( _2 f8 J$ V8 Q8 D
22. Protest disrobings0 ^8 n9 h: P& c) a( S$ `( n
23. Destruction of own property
7 y V5 l& P, s) z& N 24. Symbolic lights3 C( g7 l2 L" U+ C" N) n$ ~
25. Displays of portraits! |! F' K8 g: a; S2 s6 H
26. Paint as protest2 V- i9 J( U m6 ^* L6 H8 j1 y7 q
27. New signs and names
7 i+ V& W4 G, j% K% h 28. Symbolic sounds. a0 o& i4 e( X1 q0 p# I
29. Symbolic reclamations
2 n, o6 r% A) o4 U 30. Rude gestures8 \2 l3 U' ?4 z0 r( ]
, q) N" [1 d2 Q6 {Pressures on Individuals8 J, |9 K3 Y8 O% p5 m, N5 ]
31. “Haunting” officials
- u3 _& Y& n+ \% Q/ S1 n7 V 32. Taunting officials- D% A8 G' r* `3 d% b, u
33. Fraternization: j. g% y8 c/ S* Z- R
34. Vigils
* h) ~1 r. m. ~* X8 z1 f- ~. J8 N0 f: c7 q0 ^' b9 @
Drama and Music# p2 r0 r7 l! b$ T
35. Humorous skits and pranks
- \# J3 ~) c1 s$ d; ^9 @" g$ g/ S! a 36. Performances of plays and music
6 v. Q1 @5 g& {+ C( ? 37. Singing
) ^8 Z z ?0 l( V! P2 c/ n* A }% Z. p8 e
Processions
( Z* j. r8 R c6 w/ ] 38. Marches
2 C; M2 `" T" G5 ^; C* n: N l 39. Parades
0 w, v8 a/ W9 ^ 40. Religious processions: W$ M. \, U1 D8 b6 W+ k/ `
41. Pilgrimages
% _% E. t( o4 `" Y3 ~/ V 42. Motorcades$ g/ H" O6 V3 q, w
8 X0 d" P8 C0 q" C' F$ ZHonoring the Dead
" t8 S$ x2 h0 D 43. Political mourning
% ~ C+ j3 ]; k( j 44. Mock funerals4 P( ]: T7 u4 k; q4 Y
45. Demonstrative funerals
. j. n! U& a3 k" f J 46. Homage at burial places8 E3 p0 D6 U% I1 \$ l2 l/ s+ Y
$ r9 h( B( L, x0 ]3 `
Public Assemblies/ I2 f! |4 q |; s8 V
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- D5 q. M9 S5 ]+ x 48. Protest meetings
' y( w0 {7 @* Q% |7 y8 m0 K- E, a 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* Q& D6 I6 S- Q/ F! n" i# h! D 50. Teach-ins
7 `- M! z4 n% ^* ~0 e0 T& j
0 u6 A! C" s o2 _- f$ cWithdrawal and Renunciation* F+ k2 `" w- C; ^5 j W
51. Walk-outs
& A( x7 M7 W. T N' Z9 o, J- _* z6 \ 52. Silence, o; \6 ]$ w: B' _2 m8 o
53. Renouncing honors
( M; \3 @; ]- U) {+ ^5 e4 C 54. Turning one’s back
. P* o, B: V! e* e$ ^1 n2 \0 l4 t& S1 w8 D$ f2 I
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0 E- f' o9 e( `7 g6 f
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- F' @+ A( G, a) y% u
2 b0 k: P; {; [* [ 7 ^2 `+ b# @) ]$ X% w
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Ostracism of Persons
- e$ D0 E" F: N) d) A& X4 I 55. Social boycott- l* }9 W5 N$ ?: V% T) f% D2 n
56. Selective social boycott
8 B, q) L" `' l 57. Lysistratic nonaction, o. Z( _( L3 N# B- [9 A: H* b
58. Excommunication
4 G i! b$ z* p% f" | 59. Interdict, Y4 v: ~& u4 j2 \- j
/ d; K9 t' Z. F: |6 xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions' G4 v& f4 G8 T* F! r7 V
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 J' z" l& x& @' ~. j 61. Boycott of social affairs# Q8 D0 W, j9 D- G |% c; P/ U! c8 F
62. Student strike
( O5 G3 e" l* n 63. Social disobedience6 P% \# L, y, }5 Z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% I# a H: ?6 M) `$ h2 d7 D7 o+ L% ?& \( x
Withdrawal from the Social System
9 e# _: E5 I0 `) P, V4 l" @! a 65. Stay-at-home
) }" M A0 k% ]; e4 N; S 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ t/ l! {) `; B2 R4 Y 67. “Flight” of workers& k3 O1 b# T: I
68. Sanctuary* p( T- ?3 S) C0 y4 C1 H
69. Collective disappearance
9 m8 o# z' E" r0 { A0 X 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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3 o9 Z- n, u- `
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& K5 L% ^# z1 g3 ?8 T3 T/ n
" Y1 Y) [% x' W; D
6 x# t# F' W( Z& Y1 M1 ]8 XActions by Consumers+ B0 I2 K9 y- t w, e! i
71. Consumers’ boycott2 w8 f% m4 E% S) G" P7 {& e
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
, c W; `" j% F. o( ^+ [ 73. Policy of austerity, w% m% S& k/ T
74. Rent withholding$ I Y, h+ p2 }( F: H: K
75. Refusal to rent
/ f( ]# D/ H5 h, B5 @ 76. National consumers’ boycott
$ H. N2 {2 X4 t3 N 77. International consumers’ boycott. `* n z% u. K7 l* T
: h* S5 S5 C3 i# x, N7 q! A1 iAction by Workers and Producers: f* O/ Q' p8 x0 I3 f" l. x
78. Workmen’s boycott
6 A* `+ y* Y+ D5 E! D8 v 79. Producers’ boycott
^* f |0 k$ {- P1 x8 O
: i* H5 n7 g+ J Y" T) WAction by Middlemen$ I7 J) e. |3 y$ {, Y( p! o/ n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ R! ]/ k8 @" [8 }) S& V
; B+ Q( d9 V v& F9 W* p
Action by Owners and Management
) W) p$ \- f* \" G; z1 l 81. Traders’ boycott
, R @: d4 |4 M& T 82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 `4 z/ \) h4 w: O3 W X 83. Lockout; U0 E& m4 `, D6 t, G4 _) Y1 c" O3 M
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' _5 h/ n' [5 v5 N6 z/ F
85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 l( @6 a7 W# L! j
2 q$ L. v8 a% J! y- {! D$ }& _
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 B2 @3 g5 h" ^* w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, N ~3 S% M0 y. s; s 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
N2 g5 Z7 e2 i% Q) Y d7 L 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
5 N) D. w, c& X5 O/ q, S 89. Severance of funds and credit: @6 L- n* G1 F6 [. B+ g
90. Revenue refusal K# Q! R2 @2 V( V. J6 u8 y
91. Refusal of a government’s money
; \( K" z' U% v& I- O1 u% F
$ o9 c" t& W& | B/ q( KAction by Governments& n/ v/ C4 w% W D* Z* |% R/ j
92. Domestic embargo
9 z: u, n2 M# k* q, ^8 x- _) `. Y 93. Blacklisting of traders! N1 o& j1 f6 c
94. International sellers’ embargo* ^/ j# ~, g# L0 x: i y
95. International buyers’ embargo
: `2 _4 y5 T$ g2 t# O3 T1 L 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
( p; q5 e% a( @ X6 u6 ?+ ]9 S I; d X: T, q2 B! j2 h. u
5 y: m0 E2 b* H: J& g R9 T
Symbolic Strikes
2 I" H4 j5 k/ A7 N! y! D 97. Protest strike9 x5 z! |3 [; D8 z8 w/ t4 `% A: d. B
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); Z0 |+ D9 |( w; m' [6 i1 N
. p% E r2 w5 Z
Agricultural Strikes) a0 T+ l' {) f% Y; {
99. Peasant strike7 a9 M) b* ~3 T7 r9 I3 F
100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 a! }. Z6 @- e( ?8 L u, l) E$ \1 x2 z' e( H( s
Strikes by Special Groups b: V# U! h2 x& h
101. Refusal of impressed labor
i& O; ?2 |1 {0 |& L 102. Prisoners’ strike# ^2 W( S1 h. t
103. Craft strike
( \8 E' O$ _) X, S/ F9 h) f9 P 104. Professional strike
2 p6 D. X8 L4 z. j4 W
# e1 T0 K3 v8 l& y. b# Y+ Q. hOrdinary Industrial Strikes' q7 C( S% M8 n' |2 a
105. Establishment strike
' k) C5 m: \! N4 Y2 i* J 106. Industry strike
7 T/ x+ Q D0 M+ s 107. Sympathetic strike, u, H" c' F- o& k. ]
: I9 [7 o K3 L
Restricted Strikes
# g4 @+ }7 I. Y4 m$ I% Q2 ` 108. Detailed strike
7 }# j/ r O2 @& @4 b: W# l% | 109. Bumper strike: m' z/ f5 H& z; T; L4 N- W
110. Slowdown strike
* u; j6 p$ W* e( }- b6 B Y% C 111. Working-to-rule strike' a! C. q- p, @- W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): t! C8 x+ [" k6 u7 O! u
113. Strike by resignation
. |; S' m7 I0 u" q! f5 F/ l 114. Limited strike
! o0 N, e% @6 ~ 115. Selective strike
/ K# M+ Y& l4 C; J6 p/ o& {$ z) g/ j6 F/ h8 \- S" b
Multi-Industry Strikes6 K. j |, k& p6 d$ |0 \9 q
% h6 J' Y) g/ Z
116. Generalized strike+ z: }# D8 ]+ B+ H V* r
% f& W" Z$ J9 z# z
117. General strike
4 ^7 v0 o6 M' I7 x9 w; P% X% a
, q2 Y5 n2 K9 q6 o$ E) |+ [# ECombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, \6 \" Q: w8 t/ [. B. d) X4 b& C% n" s+ m+ h) W+ U" k
118. Hartal# M% [/ ]3 U. T. ~ w
+ K: i% ] J5 v7 i7 |7 Z% k 119. Economic shutdown
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! Z; y0 p) J6 {: b/ A+ Y/ Q! NTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( c/ o/ p% u, F3 r, U/ ^' E; B. J
5 X7 J1 r" D% a2 n6 s+ ]* @ * U; o3 ]8 m( Y. C* z- l
Rejection of Authority: _$ i c8 ?! ]' j) v( k
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 }- n4 K: a. r: b+ w5 }9 ?9 F 121. Refusal of public support
' U+ P( b ~" r 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* @9 b, n+ B' X8 |
2 h a* D# B" f$ l0 BCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 l6 g- _& n; E6 E. Q f9 r6 Q! D
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 G c4 I- z' S' W 124. Boycott of elections" {& D8 m7 Z3 ?' X4 ~- U* f) I1 Y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions, R7 X) c6 [0 M1 c) e
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* d3 n" o6 J- ?4 M$ P4 i; T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ c! n0 N- H4 Q2 d2 d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ e/ t, o( T9 A 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 W# {& H" z, Q' E' R0 i
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ M7 c( N' Y5 p( ~+ T1 R% ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 M7 m4 \2 c5 u2 `. {
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' i" R3 v. T$ ~! C2 G2 v5 G4 V7 v) o3 K7 i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! a; m2 ?# H2 Z* Z8 {" ? 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. Y D1 a: S$ d' M; G+ y, n
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! V/ t) z; o* Z, _3 e, ^
135. Popular nonobedience
K4 Y: ~9 t; r g 136. Disguised disobedience
4 E3 K! A) x* d* A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse; e" A3 e( _( x. D# |4 G' Z# ^
138. Sitdown
# I$ f) H% ^/ }: s* V: P 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) O' l. R* S$ q! X. j2 A! K 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities9 Y( A) q! e2 \& R m- I& ~
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ d6 t$ {5 b; V- z3 i
/ g4 X2 c' d6 S5 c5 W0 A4 zAction by Government Personnel
7 k5 U: E8 o/ W( R. E) ]; |3 ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 Z! d; t+ m5 Y- E* i- I 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
z. v! {, F5 J; V7 J: B 144. Stalling and obstruction- o% V2 q. P' \8 s% y
145. General administrative noncooperation. \' `6 X5 u6 ?2 [1 c
9 H1 \- A* w0 d' W3 A) B 146. Judicial noncooperation8 |- V9 e' }/ T5 u
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) k, t6 \/ E8 F
148. Mutiny6 o2 e; a4 W, u4 c G" j1 R: `
Domestic Governmental Action
- o" w3 t1 N: b. i9 D! B7 P/ S 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ R* t# Z. ] g, p' {1 P/ h
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 ~+ z. G, t' \) ^9 M `$ D+ `3 w2 i& r/ K3 a7 ~3 M
International Governmental Action! o* C! C8 R; G
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ r' Q) H4 G2 v! c; p# i: ^; e 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ K: c) K; }& Y% ^ ^6 K 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 T& q1 q+ k7 q S8 A
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 ?3 K+ z# i2 q. `6 B7 Q' x 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, o# f4 Z% Q( s) h' [3 E/ D 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* h5 s: Q# r/ A" u 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION |4 P/ U5 c1 y: Q* Z2 V8 T
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Psychological Intervention
" j. _' F3 I! T) s# H& E 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 }- ?3 v. D" N; Y( x
159. The fast( ?+ }1 O, L+ M+ |! `# Q
a) Fast of moral pressure
3 F8 p9 l6 ^0 u b) Hunger strike4 m& d% L7 q6 ~1 L: H5 B
c) Satyagrahic fast1 G, _" _- A, F% m' [
160. Reverse trial/ U1 t! K2 r2 P
161. Nonviolent harassment
3 h) y* _8 D3 R$ Z- L
% O4 A/ z3 v- z# CPhysical Intervention
2 O* j" ^8 V+ J; P1 x" X 162. Sit-in
" s1 \3 a4 b1 a9 T 163. Stand-in
) Y2 B2 S' p: \9 o9 _. R# Z' x. i 164. Ride-in$ N7 W, n0 v! j# C6 @6 [
165. Wade-in
6 v0 J# V% A1 R; g8 [ 166. Mill-in
1 L/ R/ N9 Y0 j Y F- Q2 l, c 167. Pray-in
I2 a3 H) }) k/ ~3 q3 Y 168. Nonviolent raids7 x% ]+ h' J1 h4 v7 P0 G
169. Nonviolent air raids
, b; \8 L) C+ X7 J 170. Nonviolent invasion
/ L' F0 \& q4 v# X3 _" } 171. Nonviolent interjection
4 e0 E( z Y4 C 172. Nonviolent obstruction
[+ d a& N2 F 173. Nonviolent occupation$ U; v0 B/ ^! f# m
9 E7 p( M. T; ?: F2 B t h) @ R) e% V* |& ]
Social Intervention
4 d' r- E i# y: H6 I. A9 c 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ A5 h( s" Y$ |: Y. M 175. Overloading of facilities5 v3 U6 b- q2 Z
176. Stall-in) X; I' j: j: L# X3 B$ ]6 s- y
177. Speak-in# g% W2 H0 B! P
178. Guerrilla theater
n& }) M* b& d, B4 D 179. Alternative social institutions \0 A9 k. E( o; p0 X
180. Alternative communication system" x6 V, P* U4 |, d4 }9 h3 [
8 ]6 h s! t5 k1 A6 x, UEconomic Intervention
; h! p. p. w) b. i$ u; V 181. Reverse strike
$ J( p: r/ S6 l2 F 182. Stay-in strike$ a6 |: ` s6 i3 V/ n! `
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 v6 K7 e f; m: C 184. Defiance of blockades
9 H# B& M5 K" S0 @" r3 ? 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) G- L+ L( Y" K& A 186. Preclusive purchasing/ S- k, M0 C+ s+ C$ L% X3 K8 A/ Q
187. Seizure of assets
8 i: p2 w% b E# L* ` 188. Dumping
' F1 U) m: ~% W" Q! ]7 A9 c 189. Selective patronage
1 ^3 a3 M$ h, S 190. Alternative markets
: L7 s; {5 N5 u0 V 191. Alternative transportation systems
4 @* T4 z' a9 P# b' _' z" y ~. @ 192. Alternative economic institutions( u$ v+ H- D& c# z
2 r" I) i6 U/ ?$ B2 X0 mPolitical Intervention9 ]( u) s2 q& p" T
193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 x0 s9 |/ F2 q6 l2 Y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
% F+ s( J- z% h, @ 195. Seeking imprisonment& M8 q6 T- b. n7 u1 {2 A
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) w1 r, _) ^3 X4 l: s3 I8 r; p 197. Work-on without collaboration- X( P Q7 a5 c9 A
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 V" a( k- ?9 Y9 h( G0 O
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
