 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; `, H- [( W* d# K- K; bFormal Statements$ M$ l$ N2 Y; k
1. Public Speeches4 V( I2 W j7 k
2. Letters of opposition or support
( I3 M' _+ H% W, h5 e 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' [, q: H+ }' ^5 M, q% n w
4. Signed public statements
; {; w* L$ C$ e+ e: Y" D: i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% | ~, r) ~" p! b J+ d# p! a1 m7 ` 6. Group or mass petitions% U S/ h! U6 H# }
% J3 V8 x& F" l7 K( b- N) p( V! J8 VCommunications with a Wider Audience
( }( S4 M! l1 g( m3 Q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 q2 \2 v" T' }0 ?! N
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
K1 u! M$ a1 `& r2 O$ s 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% Y1 Q' r' X; K
10. Newspapers and journals
7 n1 `' B/ G' v3 _ C 11. Records, radio, and television
% d% y. x, f. W2 @ T- n 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 A" O) }: ^9 {5 V* z
/ U* H, n1 [" U/ \4 m9 c6 gGroup Representations
: g1 `: d, a3 Z 13. Deputations
; ]5 ?+ b6 U$ a) f5 L; Q4 X 14. Mock awards
! L. `4 N6 ]1 I5 d! _; E" b g. ~ 15. Group lobbying% p* K4 {" a$ u) v. ]( p
16. Picketing
# z6 _) x, k3 w* o/ @3 x& @ 17. Mock elections1 M& x2 |: U. X% E" f, m
+ i: @" k- I% `/ Q& n' }
Symbolic Public Acts' L2 v" `- p5 P. C4 I# k
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; w# c( W5 m$ [4 P+ n
19. Wearing of symbols7 Y. t; i, t& e
20. Prayer and worship. _; p- B% V7 [& e3 h
21. Delivering symbolic objects$ L0 ^. n+ ?8 Z# r6 d6 S( A
22. Protest disrobings
2 w( M6 j, M3 B/ {" ]' m: l, A 23. Destruction of own property- Z# X2 Y9 U+ K% t% M! _& u {
24. Symbolic lights
' r9 c, P E, S- \9 M 25. Displays of portraits A3 T5 N& m+ D6 K$ g" T% o" g" B
26. Paint as protest
( y2 \0 r. ^9 T" |+ P 27. New signs and names; j6 v0 ? S4 A
28. Symbolic sounds
% Z* E- [6 P- o9 Q 29. Symbolic reclamations6 @; T% q3 H4 t R0 i" s
30. Rude gestures, r6 u" U. M) u2 O. A* `
5 `- ~" k( h( D& v
Pressures on Individuals
[/ t. M M. M3 W+ B* R2 C 31. “Haunting” officials5 |# K, D! s% ~; U% C
32. Taunting officials
- D5 H3 W& I! f! `' J5 \6 T 33. Fraternization
$ J; G5 g) \+ r3 G 34. Vigils
: N! I8 c4 g# f! m" l% [
4 t- C0 [# o: N' ^Drama and Music
; r% A6 x) j1 d* K 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ m) F _3 o) S 36. Performances of plays and music2 K& A- r9 G; X
37. Singing
" {; Z1 O* Q. }& z Y& f( [. B5 {" @5 z
Processions: ]1 |3 A4 d8 N1 Z; |: C
38. Marches7 V$ \% `( ? ?- {9 P" J9 U
39. Parades
" h2 `, U$ h; R. W. N0 a- S 40. Religious processions
4 ?* d7 v0 i7 C' } 41. Pilgrimages x' I3 ?" |5 w0 \" ~
42. Motorcades
" U8 N* J N1 c) A
7 R: Y4 u1 k1 g/ _% x0 jHonoring the Dead
3 {# y' N" T( y1 r$ q) G 43. Political mourning; P) m# A! ?! f! z* }) j
44. Mock funerals
3 y( h/ o" t! ]: c* J, [ 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 u: ~! e& p) I) X 46. Homage at burial places: P s+ D+ m# |" B
6 J# J/ M/ A) i: y7 u3 O0 ]6 A. O, IPublic Assemblies
- s4 G6 F: p1 i0 A$ V- S+ H% \+ H 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 y0 C' Q/ W+ ^5 J0 j7 G) s* ^0 h 48. Protest meetings
' ?4 ^/ Q! q l9 D6 d- S K3 b$ P' `! F 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 i6 ]' w" l2 F# I1 L4 K. |7 j 50. Teach-ins4 c# Y/ S: z# g
! X' L/ z) D" a" M4 @
Withdrawal and Renunciation
* u( @) ?# P, L& L& M) b+ l 51. Walk-outs0 L, M% d6 L0 Q, ~# |% j) \
52. Silence
3 e8 W2 `: j4 v4 Q! x# o 53. Renouncing honors
- N" m0 o) ^5 x3 }. u 54. Turning one’s back: q# F( w9 B D! a: R: C
/ j5 e! h% M4 o! ` H
8 k/ m, S O0 i9 j4 |. _% Y; q
4 K6 S1 i$ r- n- @! G, O- g" V
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 A6 S9 ?% k4 ^, [) `& w
y9 N, x {0 S1 g3 o- @
) t+ d( O X6 T& t
$ f" ]4 I; b2 d
Ostracism of Persons1 g' o2 E0 c" q D0 _
55. Social boycott
% C- \0 w( ^) ], G) z$ Q 56. Selective social boycott
2 p! D8 T2 Z3 _% \# q0 v* o- v 57. Lysistratic nonaction
* v: z' u8 U; n! c% N 58. Excommunication
& _. ~4 I3 a' |4 | b9 N 59. Interdict
- [* _" }1 U, S5 t1 j% _. J
! ]$ N+ d6 a W8 e& l9 mNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# v# Q! G2 K7 J; ~ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 H7 |- Z# |4 E
61. Boycott of social affairs
# ^7 v/ H' J# y 62. Student strike( N. n) |: M1 u, y' v# p3 z
63. Social disobedience' I+ ]9 G1 |7 f/ i' H1 R0 j& j
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% T6 a% l- |% m5 u. l3 h; q$ h
5 p$ H5 R! R4 F9 YWithdrawal from the Social System2 e A8 M# N# n' y ?. u
65. Stay-at-home# m' o0 Q5 C9 }6 X
66. Total personal noncooperation/ Y7 i8 |3 O8 z0 h: V' G4 n7 Q4 y
67. “Flight” of workers" y- n% N! y2 w0 D/ O
68. Sanctuary
{- C2 H/ B# l$ d2 v 69. Collective disappearance2 l6 g$ h; k' K. v( I+ E3 `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 T) h" p. p1 d1 H, q D8 y+ h8 @
! S0 T' x" v( L2 }+ y' N
( D" Y- s2 `1 r9 L. r8 A o
6 y- ~; t9 \- H5 k( z% I! D" {
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; [8 m+ N H# p$ g$ L) @' g7 g
7 p: \7 J i/ b9 U3 B( nActions by Consumers v! u ^) v" z8 F) X/ g9 `
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 y* A2 i# Z3 S. w% O1 i- M' t 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 ~' H8 K0 Z. c; i2 O; L 73. Policy of austerity( w& r7 R5 l- Z/ D. |9 i
74. Rent withholding8 _5 o8 M" G' r, Q3 G
75. Refusal to rent
( f6 @2 W8 L! P* Y8 C N7 o 76. National consumers’ boycott$ t5 d; P' w- Z I+ b$ G" G
77. International consumers’ boycott% T6 T% }& W. x5 b. s3 M0 [
8 J: Z' _$ ~+ E' d+ f4 ?* b8 BAction by Workers and Producers
' R+ L0 I/ \4 E6 C" V 78. Workmen’s boycott& I* q6 C4 Q! n# H3 B
79. Producers’ boycott' v% W5 u: @& S0 b) D ^' v" a |3 _
1 _% E( V8 A8 R- m- U0 B
Action by Middlemen
1 {8 o+ i/ A/ [) P* y$ _& A& m( b7 c 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 _5 w: \! _0 ?: [* s
/ `- t) w4 |, S. f9 uAction by Owners and Management
# @* t* P! s# M0 j8 x) V7 _ 81. Traders’ boycott; w9 r3 I2 g3 _6 t, X
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 F/ K/ ]& [7 p/ j 83. Lockout+ t+ b) f4 c8 E* ^
84. Refusal of industrial assistance8 Q3 @- Y+ X( d9 B' M$ f% n
85. Merchants’ “general strike”' ]# _# Q! Z- o" v$ ~
x; y* w( G) x/ s
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
! G% Z' t: N9 h9 I 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits2 U+ X' o9 ` j' q G8 A" }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: j4 W, ]; W) [. g
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 Z6 E8 L" r- g% x N& Q
89. Severance of funds and credit: z* @8 o3 a/ o
90. Revenue refusal: a7 U/ r. R- m" ]' Q: c
91. Refusal of a government’s money
; u) X. @9 o5 A4 B( E8 ^8 E4 e3 a
p. X( }0 u" T3 w; Q3 {* R% B UAction by Governments
D4 S3 l. p, u8 [) G 92. Domestic embargo
" ]! T$ Z$ \$ v! m( ] {2 p$ X 93. Blacklisting of traders
$ ]7 e7 ?" Z) \8 j 94. International sellers’ embargo
1 o' c* B: J$ }2 Y9 p 95. International buyers’ embargo Z# V. h8 n6 k# _. _
96. International trade embargo: M8 r" s q" m4 Y! h
9 X& w6 F0 ?3 l. k! r/ N0 E: n2 @0 @
' P4 e( K; g+ W( h _, B/ d! b
9 R7 `1 u- |$ O3 X" _; l( KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* p* [7 t5 N2 w! B1 N# O2 a j' Y2 }6 b9 Q1 l+ F% z
1 f7 @4 z6 n5 x% s
Symbolic Strikes
k! K& n6 O' A 97. Protest strike
* f' u8 m% Q) J+ P* q z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( J3 K& s4 f/ |3 `" r3 y
& Q8 p9 t" K1 I4 O/ aAgricultural Strikes" y4 n3 @ H6 ?6 ]4 t
99. Peasant strike6 K, U- x$ O9 P
100. Farm Workers’ strike9 X, K. d3 V* W1 @, \/ A
. i$ z' E: d3 c5 |( {
Strikes by Special Groups( e5 n# z, v" ?9 N# e
101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ }, I0 O. Q, D: J1 \5 x 102. Prisoners’ strike) \- D: C. n0 a% {
103. Craft strike
$ B, g- x# \8 c- \+ } 104. Professional strike
/ Y3 \& z, O, p6 ]! A3 K% \# b7 B9 @
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% X/ c7 f; w! I8 \& \
105. Establishment strike5 a# v. N; m) v: [) E9 z. ?& G. L% W
106. Industry strike1 F3 b% a; J( [3 M
107. Sympathetic strike4 H& }4 X# H4 h% E4 T8 q: u
( L, |, [; f' m! {" b$ e
Restricted Strikes
8 |# ?$ @$ q5 a$ I, n- r3 p9 R+ o6 { 108. Detailed strike! D% J$ B: O4 p; s$ ^2 j
109. Bumper strike
/ e% H, w: j8 C3 L 110. Slowdown strike
: D+ A; O' ?, A# C 111. Working-to-rule strike+ A' N% ^5 E; c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): r* S6 r& n; ^
113. Strike by resignation( {& y7 O$ U. F* k, f& W; ?' H& k
114. Limited strike1 E- B( X" R! T, s5 v% R8 r
115. Selective strike
/ G* D" B/ n7 B/ Y# N$ c/ d: P8 F+ y% `8 V9 T* L9 j
Multi-Industry Strikes" s$ u [# I' o! v* s p
) B7 ]1 J/ k3 J" i7 M+ k
116. Generalized strike" W- D# k* E. ?! T& c" Z
" Y- z* u8 ]% t3 G3 D- J* H
117. General strike' j T. S) z# d# L8 |
6 s! ?- B) W# R0 w; L5 WCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
0 E# ^8 j8 @& W9 C: b) p, }: q( ?: o; z5 A; a/ A0 k- f! E
118. Hartal
- n# O8 v" b1 \- @! D
8 y$ P. M5 }- N, U# ~. b 119. Economic shutdown/ p9 b: A0 [" |* \" H! B( Q6 l
& e+ h5 m/ Q. P$ W* J 8 B7 }4 x" L: D& O3 F' @9 Y
6 ^% J7 x; B7 R* c+ zTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ M: p; l! U3 ?+ ^ N/ n' U. m8 ?2 k
# \# C1 _) H+ w) c8 C# U( H , K0 L0 f' Q' p" N
Rejection of Authority/ k( V3 F4 }( \ Y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ h. V2 t @1 }6 `" V% X: d6 p 121. Refusal of public support
8 n! X" D: c1 |* x. T 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 Q) K1 R6 q9 Y6 a- ^% N$ A0 G; Q
2 T6 W* v- x/ aCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 z) U* P ^" p5 Z8 E5 l$ B# N: D9 W
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# W7 I" s9 r# s9 o+ S" w% v- w) C% o 124. Boycott of elections: ~7 Y" C: j) C8 `% v
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 {6 ?8 H `4 L( e G6 p0 L 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& K; k* q* c" J& P! \3 a7 t7 t
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 e1 [* s# z# P- x( P
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 k" H& H' b( a( C( J: @! G 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' Z/ W* @: l- O9 E m. z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks c: J% c. `7 B( u% T x. M1 R& C
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( F$ F+ ?5 }2 I! }& W/ p" S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 a5 D( ]7 d$ C" f6 G
+ U& b& z, ?' i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 k) ]! y$ q$ [- H) u/ J- {, I" f 133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 N0 T" L/ X6 p; v4 a1 ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. C. f8 z& _( x4 p 135. Popular nonobedience; u4 c* f' X4 y0 F
136. Disguised disobedience* I2 b O& F* H: S2 X0 k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* X3 j" S- C" \, x& a" p 138. Sitdown( Y: X' e+ ~+ ^, P, u9 d' p
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 w3 m6 r# P, P! A' w2 `! `
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- ]. {4 x1 K3 z1 i9 H8 ?
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ M, I: m+ S* F, N
) R6 P k- I5 u0 N p ~3 P- FAction by Government Personnel
& B+ I& {) q. _9 Y" W 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 N0 c, T1 y* u+ T
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# f( t) ~5 }( z# J* p) k3 p5 b- _; [
144. Stalling and obstruction
; W6 h, f# E$ B+ S 145. General administrative noncooperation& B R l: ^, ^
$ u( f0 o' K R7 Q4 l
146. Judicial noncooperation; L& z7 K C4 t* k
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
u8 i. H$ M' K6 N/ S; A 148. Mutiny
* V' {4 S: ~. T% t1 Y* s+ XDomestic Governmental Action
0 u- ?+ G( p8 G 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. _' X& J" D1 K/ B 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# R" H, P3 e/ i
( P( X$ R1 t6 k& Z9 ^International Governmental Action* ]% G R" P: M' @
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 A# ]$ |6 u, W 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. t7 |2 p3 V1 f# v: P
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! L6 M+ {& }9 X9 X7 O( R 154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 Q+ E# }$ e& {9 V9 V
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% w7 t$ Q. Y( Q7 U: R! T 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies K/ a8 l* M+ G5 y1 S; m0 c
157. Expulsion from international organizations5 j& z" k9 b' A% y
# Q/ u' y9 E; p3 W& k8 M( G& ~
- f! J' t, v7 J2 K/ q# e1 k
* j/ [ W' I# ?$ }& a& ~0 VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 P9 R$ j& b8 h) {8 A' P4 q
9 C l2 T6 X6 V # X* f' e3 h0 f5 Y: K
Psychological Intervention1 Q0 v) n1 a, a6 R- c
158. Self-exposure to the elements) F/ v( x- a4 g: @9 S/ |
159. The fast
* C( O& a/ N* p6 G a) Fast of moral pressure
7 X7 K( z ~- v' q5 E5 }/ g( k b) Hunger strike
) q9 ?9 M% @/ o c) Satyagrahic fast. P- n1 a0 c# Y, @" s
160. Reverse trial' v- u0 i, q) L2 n$ r- d3 q% `
161. Nonviolent harassment* j1 i! V4 q% i$ x7 |1 a; z1 j. X, T' Y
+ |- L @: i6 z! D; }. M
Physical Intervention& g- o! g7 ~, N$ u/ j. |
162. Sit-in
, D2 ^. C0 P5 F- K4 z; V 163. Stand-in% E6 K* |: t+ w# T* W `0 w( U% G
164. Ride-in& d; w2 M9 a7 a& u C
165. Wade-in/ W# a8 s( h+ m9 t* f
166. Mill-in
5 j0 H7 m* ]4 E- _; q# u, ?3 [ 167. Pray-in
2 b. q; V [: w 168. Nonviolent raids! i ~0 ^/ U. i F
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 T1 S7 s) l1 E. j, C3 ^+ [ 170. Nonviolent invasion( g8 d7 ?3 |; F* J k! L v* i
171. Nonviolent interjection
9 u: _1 M& }! V; Z, E5 x 172. Nonviolent obstruction
* r `7 i( o- y" c+ w 173. Nonviolent occupation
; j# S9 e8 a% O5 x/ x4 J# n- j& v# e0 h5 [: }% r/ ]. {' x4 E& \
Social Intervention
# v; a; G2 _: W: Q& @" ~- E 174. Establishing new social patterns: c. q3 o4 P3 p0 A9 ~9 }
175. Overloading of facilities: ^( h( m. ]* \' Q! d; _
176. Stall-in
9 J: G( w2 H" h! X5 V9 b4 \9 U; U 177. Speak-in
/ L0 T( v# H' S0 c3 M4 W+ z 178. Guerrilla theater
# V$ Y& y$ _3 y1 W 179. Alternative social institutions7 j" E ~+ R+ L$ ~- v/ }: F
180. Alternative communication system8 q1 d, c" |: A9 C$ M
6 u, {7 c9 x- S' C% l. p
Economic Intervention
0 N6 v. r$ p+ q 181. Reverse strike1 ~+ f% y% U: ]
182. Stay-in strike9 T( w0 ]3 M) E7 C: I- d
183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 D A. _# Q9 D& U i2 x; P3 h 184. Defiance of blockades1 s* y% P- D9 N# t2 W0 R
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( u; d T, y& J8 N9 g! {$ I 186. Preclusive purchasing
* f& Y5 z" T, w 187. Seizure of assets a3 X5 x% q, e! o4 B: E
188. Dumping
' }! j, o' p) X2 ?, I 189. Selective patronage
) c9 k: @; V) f3 Q 190. Alternative markets
9 Y2 i0 \: W |1 i5 I5 S# C" N 191. Alternative transportation systems
) j8 f: Q9 ~, w. H 192. Alternative economic institutions* J/ J) h" O2 D& z( T
1 i- I1 R8 y6 {; ~7 T2 v8 jPolitical Intervention5 F0 g8 X1 |, O! p! e
193. Overloading of administrative systems
) l7 Z. Q& b6 I8 R 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
G" g5 p! X/ J5 X 195. Seeking imprisonment1 x0 z$ V0 J& Y Q' D& p
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, \$ C. W' w" C4 C 197. Work-on without collaboration
! R4 }# c4 @6 ?7 m% D( ~5 c 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
6 L* V- S5 ]" o" F
+ Q n h) {$ @, F |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
