 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) j8 @3 [. M/ N2 S( G+ [9 PFormal Statements
& {& U; o+ P. W( D! C 1. Public Speeches
& Y' N$ o0 l% T3 O7 |' a, Y 2. Letters of opposition or support0 l5 b8 E/ }' y6 h5 k2 U" g. J- o
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: d* [, m0 d( [1 f7 j" ?
4. Signed public statements
1 S% k! z0 {! Q: u 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 [/ Q: S; q+ X0 n+ O 6. Group or mass petitions
% P; X" f, m/ b6 ~8 Y$ P( L! j7 j8 K2 l7 p
Communications with a Wider Audience1 `: T+ |. k9 |: W; e3 z, L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# y. a/ R$ Y; \# b) I! K- g
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 G+ c8 K+ \5 N5 l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% e" `3 ~1 s6 y
10. Newspapers and journals C+ D5 c' ^5 W( n
11. Records, radio, and television
( F. S9 _# I- x5 h5 a3 N) _5 X T 12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ ^: j4 h8 G, h0 y# A$ `+ d& w
0 D8 B T- N' i1 B. J' Z; Z2 q
Group Representations
( W) W: n# b7 @+ h: F* ~7 ? 13. Deputations
, G2 W$ N u, D+ x; w$ A7 } 14. Mock awards5 v6 ?/ L4 C# E; _
15. Group lobbying
! f6 t) k( y/ Y2 C- d! f2 E3 U6 A 16. Picketing K- Y* E& o8 p$ A$ s
17. Mock elections+ s4 p- S: A# S6 a: s( s
' j6 \9 l7 C ]1 N! t1 {: eSymbolic Public Acts; m! A. Y. Y6 `- `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& w! ]' ?/ D. N- P 19. Wearing of symbols8 e' L& g0 Y. U9 [ T2 N( @1 v7 d
20. Prayer and worship
7 j/ S& g* T; r3 G0 v 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! I3 i) c& Z- B 22. Protest disrobings
2 B. l0 ]9 ~6 O" m" l& k 23. Destruction of own property
4 ]3 A% E! [8 `' C; k 24. Symbolic lights
: K2 j8 I8 ~9 U4 t: ^9 ? 25. Displays of portraits
9 ~% L7 S2 a9 K4 n- i 26. Paint as protest
8 [: v3 N3 i* j6 K: q0 \8 {) E 27. New signs and names$ f2 k1 h& C! h0 H+ u7 t" _
28. Symbolic sounds; X* a! _2 Z' |8 [8 ]$ b& E: M9 z
29. Symbolic reclamations& \3 k2 s& d5 V/ m& l, k' p) k) e
30. Rude gestures: X9 j2 w+ i% t" _+ p' u: }$ v
( l. t0 c1 {- H I( xPressures on Individuals
! j) y# x7 n" D: a, [0 w# L7 x 31. “Haunting” officials
0 Q4 B4 [, D. |. C 32. Taunting officials
9 f* j6 \' I3 y% Y7 ? g" q# X0 [ 33. Fraternization/ Z7 P: {- v/ \! P
34. Vigils
% e$ [- U! a. w0 D/ b6 w: r8 c* ?' s/ ?0 }
Drama and Music
5 f( E; G, z1 J' Y5 O 35. Humorous skits and pranks* i' z8 \9 \* H8 x) Z- o9 j& L
36. Performances of plays and music
+ X8 y2 w; Y! ^ _ 37. Singing8 w. u: D$ S# H F, t4 H7 H* D4 S. e. d' a
# v/ U$ U6 `* W/ S
Processions2 F# Z( F# v: ^6 l7 ^" L3 }
38. Marches
( C/ U1 ?: N% i# \* I% } 39. Parades# v N) U- e) H: A$ [, Z8 N6 g
40. Religious processions
& H4 O- k" F6 {# C |: w 41. Pilgrimages2 e8 c' I5 S6 I: t- X: {
42. Motorcades
' q5 f+ w0 `4 {4 d' R }# o' Z( N( U' i* r4 a( c; K" }) j! t# e6 `* v- |+ q
Honoring the Dead
7 U( n* h7 Z1 b" L2 P( p. s 43. Political mourning* B3 z. m8 E( B0 T6 w& W6 }5 t/ ~
44. Mock funerals4 _' z7 Y8 E' d6 `. X
45. Demonstrative funerals9 v @7 Q0 p6 d% z2 Z7 h7 x- [6 n% U
46. Homage at burial places* K4 m/ L/ |4 w- }; n- L* Y6 m( p
: A, r7 P0 o% z' e4 ~2 O- Y
Public Assemblies- q, w8 t4 p3 s5 x: d2 |
47. Assemblies of protest or support+ A3 [5 d& v( ^# u w1 Q
48. Protest meetings
6 H7 z: I2 i& j2 J9 w- d/ D 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# q4 k9 O% {! ?7 H ?& r, H 50. Teach-ins
5 u% q3 V" x/ M# V
4 e2 Q7 H$ Z7 y6 J5 R/ A/ W! u8 mWithdrawal and Renunciation' s7 `! S& R; r' Y
51. Walk-outs0 }( M/ g! h2 m8 U/ \
52. Silence
3 W' x( |$ e# ^8 p- W" B 53. Renouncing honors
5 S2 o, h T/ b 54. Turning one’s back
3 Q9 z6 T! O7 L% |& x- ~: U
6 W0 G$ N/ U u" o
1 x& l9 S8 [! G# d) t: ~7 ?
% c: z- a# W9 v3 l9 aTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 r. G) g$ f( ~8 N6 [" f, S
/ g& b8 g1 ]0 K& B' t" B # V8 i+ H6 y7 D2 J3 g# N1 I/ F( q
/ S5 K0 c9 P' U7 W; `
Ostracism of Persons
& e, g5 d) Y( T 55. Social boycott
3 R' l) ^7 v+ u% Z! N* I 56. Selective social boycott4 l$ @6 h$ h7 q( j: a
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 M' J! U) S. S9 v 58. Excommunication
9 F6 s t5 P* G 59. Interdict
7 j3 t0 A4 t" ]8 I! e. x
, S! J& H9 `6 c1 BNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions [! E" ]( [4 Z6 b5 V- a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 n: O0 v1 S$ x7 N3 H% {# d9 B 61. Boycott of social affairs
& G7 a, s" u4 V$ [/ n 62. Student strike9 y2 h+ A* @( e( }! _/ Z2 ~3 ~% U' D
63. Social disobedience- b. j0 L7 H% W0 `" }! K; ?- l
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* k0 A2 U" f# B! e8 J
3 j$ ^3 K4 z; L+ T/ nWithdrawal from the Social System& ]6 o% g2 m- ]7 h+ j! A; P. a
65. Stay-at-home
3 K- n2 H5 P2 M2 J 66. Total personal noncooperation1 V% v1 E0 K( H W( F9 ?( Q% n
67. “Flight” of workers
7 a4 i$ e* f! |( V7 J0 Q) u 68. Sanctuary
. a4 V+ r- `$ D% I 69. Collective disappearance
7 ~* |) e) r/ v. D n* K 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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2 g7 Y/ w; K: a- ~# ^3 `
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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4 e- I7 g, L( V: P5 i6 F" a9 m. O
Actions by Consumers
, P# q) {2 ^# i1 V' P& }* w* o( o 71. Consumers’ boycott
. F/ e, p' I5 g, w9 v* ? 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 |/ S9 q0 u& g
73. Policy of austerity
0 Q' p- j6 t" k9 s/ x 74. Rent withholding3 [0 X1 T6 q5 s, U, d0 i
75. Refusal to rent+ U% L, G: B9 T; j4 F i6 \ X) m5 @
76. National consumers’ boycott( Z$ {. q9 P# ^: n( a- C
77. International consumers’ boycott# x S* Z4 H5 D D) R; O/ Z
1 p$ G' J* L1 S: }6 c
Action by Workers and Producers J* L# K# y9 Z
78. Workmen’s boycott. I& I s. S2 T" \! k
79. Producers’ boycott
% b- }$ f |, J( R5 k( z) k# \* X* H7 M; E! N
Action by Middlemen/ Z7 ~5 w$ N+ q1 D% q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( i. }3 Z) B4 T# X6 V( N# W
3 G0 A. H* \7 {# H' ZAction by Owners and Management
# j7 i" d1 t# T; e* k 81. Traders’ boycott
- ]2 ~4 F( S F* {- ]. C2 q3 ~- F 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 I. B; i. z& q, H 83. Lockout" r+ t$ k' @5 E
84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 z5 l$ U1 }, r. _' o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ E/ J* f# I! S" R- A1 u2 Q
/ i" P6 B/ l5 Z/ O+ QAction by Holders of Financial Resources
* a( ]3 L( B8 q3 e8 r) j8 c0 L 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, i6 g( Z O6 J j/ N3 ^! `5 e 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 J# J: b) P, E; q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ I8 i3 ]# U% N, u/ I: \; R
89. Severance of funds and credit
5 a$ s7 x, y( R0 o& u0 m 90. Revenue refusal$ V1 i* W m# r& v1 u/ J7 O
91. Refusal of a government’s money8 g- ?6 [% | T0 c; E
, O) B/ S1 @: ~2 e+ mAction by Governments, W% A# ]3 |& o- h9 O5 W
92. Domestic embargo% Y( m( T- b, @& p' S
93. Blacklisting of traders: C8 g- ?6 R' Z2 k) E6 c# K
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ y& j/ d6 E7 M% y% [- Y/ A 95. International buyers’ embargo& a$ ?) z% s9 V/ @! C- z1 h
96. International trade embargo% u3 _6 |1 x+ P7 p: A( b0 E3 G
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! O9 q) g! J( J' z; T" \) }2 u( I& v% e! c, p K
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
% s) P% j! P/ e1 _ S0 P* g* q, L. S: n0 r" N4 A
% R! s ^' G" ZSymbolic Strikes2 L: L) f+ S! k, [; D
97. Protest strike& f5 U1 y; a2 c4 B, D# T
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- F/ x0 L4 N- | Q: |
8 d' @4 W( |7 p* p: yAgricultural Strikes' l7 b! j; r$ l
99. Peasant strike
/ ]1 t( i" H0 g0 R& V2 w 100. Farm Workers’ strike' a- `% G* m: X: L9 p
7 |6 I/ R0 `6 w$ O3 U
Strikes by Special Groups9 h3 c* H3 D' [' \3 }* r3 x
101. Refusal of impressed labor9 z9 {# \) T: Q: N2 Q( N) ]) k
102. Prisoners’ strike
7 }2 W8 `( g+ P+ u7 D+ w 103. Craft strike
0 T1 T0 U; ], s/ Z/ u) V' S 104. Professional strike5 z1 y% j! Z% N1 }1 x' }
7 P: `3 p2 Y V( [9 R2 H7 UOrdinary Industrial Strikes
* I7 Y% _6 c) b: y- P- u9 L 105. Establishment strike
7 n A/ S8 ] {# P( b. J( r( W 106. Industry strike- h# U) A4 t& g1 k
107. Sympathetic strike
! J: O% ~: \$ E R" N8 e- y* ~. K9 H% ` a$ p6 Q
Restricted Strikes3 s* L9 E6 Y% r, s/ {4 t
108. Detailed strike
+ l2 V3 q/ i0 T* `; z- W 109. Bumper strike
# N+ `( S5 W( f$ i7 h 110. Slowdown strike& U6 P4 F# D9 v2 c' L3 E
111. Working-to-rule strike
+ M, D I4 y" Y& ]& W 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, Y- s, A2 t; ? 113. Strike by resignation
, m0 \2 l3 }1 P) B0 { 114. Limited strike+ k$ Q, A* Q* p' Z4 i' z( z
115. Selective strike- T M2 u* j/ \8 P$ n8 D( g
# z( ]7 x$ P( Z' ` p9 v
Multi-Industry Strikes
I/ Z/ @ }/ _* a; f/ ?8 v7 @' A8 e, n
. C" f1 }! V6 I* S8 X 116. Generalized strike1 `% A7 z8 H3 r# W. V
5 ^) a; C- Q/ J0 Q) C$ Q* Q
117. General strike
/ Q B Q H9 w9 C8 l6 [1 L- e/ ]; B8 D
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: J* Z! k. y( |- h
) a) r2 i% d& `" P9 @8 M, H
118. Hartal" W4 h& _. f- X* o
# t# ^" i! R$ a i$ X0 z
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 a% [* x0 N5 R/ f/ J+ g3 @9 q, o6 }1 T# T( A9 w0 F( x* f
7 S3 a3 b a3 ]! I b: ]8 F4 p
Rejection of Authority
( v1 \' f; U% p4 t H3 D9 W$ ]: V$ y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 u/ j4 G0 b$ `. P% o8 t
121. Refusal of public support
( e& z, q& l: u6 f 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
{1 I0 s* X8 G% y* F4 K
5 z( S2 l$ ]: @/ DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 ]( o5 h; u3 |) M2 H0 D5 W 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
f$ c" k% m, p; ^/ t/ T. q 124. Boycott of elections3 ?. g% s I; r0 N
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 F2 Q, ?* c) Z- u }' F 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, Y. [, h7 }( Q+ q4 R, V3 ] S' \
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' l& D6 R* G. d! g o/ L$ ]& _
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 _9 B- y& z* j
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; N( v8 v' t+ z# [$ R; B
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. V/ T0 ~; u |7 b- c1 U 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ z+ T9 s E) c- ^; H: j 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) M; [- c" D( v: S, ~) l( _! }- @
; I3 g/ j% H2 O: y) a) t/ ]4 b& o
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' V, L0 O( ]+ d @0 l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 M: ~/ S4 x, q4 k$ Y: n
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ H K+ W9 Y6 `2 }8 q. a: ]& S/ I' `
135. Popular nonobedience
2 y8 a5 R6 h) A1 P- E0 H1 ~ 136. Disguised disobedience
( O2 R/ o2 g% {( l# y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 v Z/ ?, q/ I- B% A
138. Sitdown& D& {6 M, o+ h8 [( T, |
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 Z7 O$ h! N$ U/ L; @- c+ d 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ B' l. q% }* h0 y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws0 L! C' T. e: |+ L
7 s$ w/ N& b7 a L1 x
Action by Government Personnel
. x6 C7 _: }1 u9 k/ E 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 M6 a9 p# _0 t" x6 S) J* x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information3 d3 z8 G+ Z! }- \. p" s
144. Stalling and obstruction
! p( ?* p Y% E/ G$ S" a# o 145. General administrative noncooperation
4 @6 V2 k6 z5 J C( o B% D' F1 |' T) k
146. Judicial noncooperation- R3 W8 f/ ?& O' e
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" d9 a! s: d! A5 @4 X9 Q2 k/ z
148. Mutiny
, D; m3 i' u$ @9 _4 i% gDomestic Governmental Action' h. K) _1 R# s' C/ d7 a0 q/ |# P( @
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: u6 s: z6 b5 t
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ E$ S' v) f* l- X( G
3 m: h# y5 i$ j2 Y/ C' h4 M
International Governmental Action
* o9 M+ b ?& o) _ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 |: R& a$ N" j1 u6 O 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- a4 x0 f: u. E1 x/ } 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& L6 Z/ k4 D* F- N
154. Severance of diplomatic relations% t6 t" z: c- D+ `- x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& p* x+ H! \0 ?" _3 K 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ L) B) C" Z- | N 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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2 U- P2 V* b9 \5 f; ~4 M0 M( w3 P, _+ o( U/ W' ~& ~
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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9 W. N+ F9 S" u# S- C4 d3 P1 X
9 j! @9 N$ P0 x1 T. H Y- ^1 IPsychological Intervention
# Z" d, {% L7 ^$ b 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ U) P4 h7 L$ _+ q8 c
159. The fast
) g) {$ m. S" w v, Q a) Fast of moral pressure
+ f, u1 d4 H4 O3 e b) Hunger strike9 l) a; F' p5 d# G7 k% ~/ _$ M3 \
c) Satyagrahic fast1 Y( Z& {) F* Q8 S9 t
160. Reverse trial: L- g& B* R( u. j
161. Nonviolent harassment
" k2 h) A) {# k) m( Y# c- g% J: V* u% U
Physical Intervention4 u- m; y# E* z$ E! Z" j
162. Sit-in
9 Y6 s4 ^4 [+ X4 _4 } 163. Stand-in6 @) B" K3 G" ]; }, }
164. Ride-in! K5 \9 q9 T# h. J0 j% ^
165. Wade-in
+ ^: |" X0 ]. |4 V3 v6 E, P 166. Mill-in
0 |- r7 ~7 X& z( A# n 167. Pray-in9 U' l( M/ x) z- h3 l: v
168. Nonviolent raids
+ s1 \* E/ U( A3 ]5 i% B7 x 169. Nonviolent air raids
# f4 }: B) I0 u6 D3 M$ y 170. Nonviolent invasion6 u6 T, n- _0 Z5 a, k2 j
171. Nonviolent interjection8 K( @+ a2 j, M; q$ }
172. Nonviolent obstruction9 i9 @: [) M7 c8 C) ]
173. Nonviolent occupation
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! w4 C1 l5 h+ W! d( uSocial Intervention
. U3 Y' b; S G+ i* x& T* b7 Y 174. Establishing new social patterns
* r& U4 J+ G# R 175. Overloading of facilities! I1 t1 y J2 X# l, m
176. Stall-in
# K5 Y2 B# f3 x& k4 r 177. Speak-in
4 z* g7 q3 _; C: y# E 178. Guerrilla theater! p6 e4 f4 E& o5 Y
179. Alternative social institutions
( h) P7 ~/ P$ T9 ?9 q; F 180. Alternative communication system7 K& T7 k( b1 q& `6 L; K" e" c, k" w
% P3 q8 r2 M( u8 }. S/ D: i' E
Economic Intervention, d5 @# l" u& O* r( o
181. Reverse strike1 J) n3 d* z) m4 `6 o A
182. Stay-in strike
- l2 O! |- j) t% q: h 183. Nonviolent land seizure. T+ [* y( {, \3 {8 k
184. Defiance of blockades- f7 D) Z# Y* C5 n" ]
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; s) {8 ~: r1 K 186. Preclusive purchasing+ {& {% E: K! B" w
187. Seizure of assets7 ~+ b# i! K2 D8 ~% x1 ]
188. Dumping) k& p: O$ F1 j4 Q! B Y
189. Selective patronage
+ q9 t* y7 c M h' l5 Z5 [+ L5 | 190. Alternative markets7 @& {; c# X$ z( Z
191. Alternative transportation systems
/ n" V. Q# A6 g( A4 f 192. Alternative economic institutions
8 \- a, b" [" p, z+ q$ `- _' ]* m/ Z. p) |% F) J
Political Intervention
" q7 _1 Z: z( e @ 193. Overloading of administrative systems* i, s0 C% H# V5 M
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" E( i) K; Z2 Y; z, K2 R7 ?2 K 195. Seeking imprisonment& G) ]5 z! Z7 ]+ [
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws3 o! R! G3 v. g6 h. j: E* \
197. Work-on without collaboration
r6 r. d% C- u5 M6 ^- @; Z2 A; r" R7 T 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
