 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION _( ]: F% a5 W9 V3 j. K
Formal Statements( M/ Q! P# \1 ? i5 r
1. Public Speeches# x9 U* {$ X5 o# I6 P+ I# o
2. Letters of opposition or support
) L9 v; q( q9 K7 O6 @9 S0 ` 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 W5 } l3 l7 L5 M# U7 n* {( O r 4. Signed public statements
1 h v7 I6 r+ t$ J- }4 h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 c2 |8 |; G% G5 ~4 ^2 ^ 6. Group or mass petitions
/ }& j$ m. a& y
# Z* v5 [! Y& K5 @Communications with a Wider Audience
3 ~% p: l1 `. u/ d$ d 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ T, M' P# W/ ^( U
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: w i" A3 v; V2 M' _5 ~
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- q% b# J- X$ t+ U 10. Newspapers and journals4 j) m* X% |0 D; X4 Y" P
11. Records, radio, and television; r4 I2 c# T; m1 ~0 G' K5 Y2 m
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 V* _# d3 z6 }9 E+ A
, O' G2 L9 [$ YGroup Representations& }) z2 ~! S) N8 j: z
13. Deputations9 g* _( I; Q" }3 l& I, k; ^8 `
14. Mock awards3 v. L6 X; j2 r
15. Group lobbying
8 ?/ T: T4 O6 [ 16. Picketing: c& q- V: L, z1 I! F! E
17. Mock elections6 ^" F0 X m- l: d" O" j
: l4 o C" z" m" t; f- `. @( |Symbolic Public Acts
9 c7 Y3 _# ^7 e" N( \* h 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, N+ j2 O( D: l% ~8 g+ w3 N8 J( Y3 k 19. Wearing of symbols& j2 T9 v$ B0 E/ Y d, H4 N2 M
20. Prayer and worship
3 N+ s! a) i6 K% r$ K" D( ` M" A4 W 21. Delivering symbolic objects3 K5 y; I8 D% E
22. Protest disrobings( ^# i' @3 n! X# {+ `. f& r/ _
23. Destruction of own property
* ^4 v$ D/ q) X! z1 s. \$ ?7 M5 k/ T 24. Symbolic lights: J" L& C0 a4 T9 `5 A
25. Displays of portraits9 a8 t! Z% u2 ^; o
26. Paint as protest, _; ~+ k6 u$ g8 m( |
27. New signs and names
) E3 Y' z% J. F% c; w 28. Symbolic sounds6 `2 Q1 H7 u% l9 ]7 O
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 A ^' K: B) n% q& o4 D 30. Rude gestures2 U9 A7 y0 Q6 `& L+ e9 A. J8 G2 I8 Z
6 ]0 h' G( M4 ?+ l9 Q
Pressures on Individuals" J4 [% _+ W! S7 P# Y9 {
31. “Haunting” officials
. D m5 g9 B8 d& H! B2 O* P 32. Taunting officials
, f9 f" t+ V5 x: c 33. Fraternization
; c9 V; T; N5 f4 b: x) @ 34. Vigils8 e) O9 p3 m% l+ r x+ |9 l6 B9 S
% [. Y% I( @9 X& J% n
Drama and Music; F5 H# g' K5 K7 Z) I8 B* C
35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 k1 T; M+ E" Z7 B& W8 L 36. Performances of plays and music
5 J/ b& V6 p: ~& w 37. Singing$ ?: N, _" Y- X+ N1 [% M
2 @$ n" o6 O( ^- X; A1 C7 y
Processions
' Y D. v2 f; e3 R5 W 38. Marches
5 {& A Y8 q7 T; d* [1 Y 39. Parades+ a, m% V6 O2 ?9 _: M
40. Religious processions
% _5 I+ U7 B Y' t9 Y4 m. m) x 41. Pilgrimages
; S$ J/ R" x3 p1 H! x7 C2 [" r* t 42. Motorcades
{2 X& c1 E; j% [
5 S( D. S, h+ w+ T( j5 G6 C/ s' |Honoring the Dead8 Y( v/ i5 \; Z
43. Political mourning; n6 e$ y- ^, i2 `" C6 w( m9 F
44. Mock funerals4 K' F0 ?5 [6 E1 s1 \- F* D
45. Demonstrative funerals
7 S, T& a- o( k6 H' N& L: t 46. Homage at burial places
+ D# z3 s @( A8 z _$ L
; W& F( J! R" dPublic Assemblies
+ a0 Y# k* W* D+ L 47. Assemblies of protest or support! H* B1 e( [+ O3 w: P
48. Protest meetings+ @0 W2 b1 s! _
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ K2 k6 a$ a, n$ {) q3 W& |# I
50. Teach-ins, |' n1 k) e) e; i9 S: a
; y" a2 }5 q% I, |) CWithdrawal and Renunciation- x7 q4 Y4 \# h& r; ]
51. Walk-outs
3 J# P8 z) i6 x 52. Silence8 t* x0 K& X& i' s
53. Renouncing honors. v0 I9 _; ]0 e# N& h' T V
54. Turning one’s back
9 ?: R% N5 n( [6 y0 w7 H9 f
+ L& }7 X1 e* }! C
* V, `8 w% h! u, W; M. G! h; N: U# y0 X
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- b8 C0 u* @+ a Q. t
- B n: q2 L% S$ I; Y 2 q; _. R+ V( |4 E
0 x$ Q: I" W) |* u' S
Ostracism of Persons9 C A1 {- M, ]
55. Social boycott5 W# i, }- x) O) E* t# G+ i( z; T
56. Selective social boycott- _. W c# {) r4 m3 p
57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 b8 x7 P9 G( g 58. Excommunication
- L+ g6 W4 z1 `' B- c 59. Interdict
: C1 G* `0 p3 [3 p
' L; ~2 ^5 \2 v jNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) r: h p% B8 Z* x! w3 ~3 M 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# J& m: |1 {; Q$ V5 u 61. Boycott of social affairs; q A! f2 |" }8 R
62. Student strike5 e$ u/ \: ~! H
63. Social disobedience8 I8 v3 H: F* v3 L
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& h# j; U0 b0 Q! d9 B. @$ p+ V9 N$ v" s$ ~
Withdrawal from the Social System, e2 L8 Z" o7 o6 [# M. w6 v
65. Stay-at-home
# i% @. `0 {$ ~% J" I0 z 66. Total personal noncooperation
2 Q! E- v9 T3 y" R 67. “Flight” of workers
1 ]0 O1 T2 Z0 E2 z 68. Sanctuary8 p3 f2 f9 k5 H+ f. z, E
69. Collective disappearance
3 P2 y% I! [9 s- Z ]$ L 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 B0 K) F+ }$ f" O
1 `* S7 _5 A) ] S* ?
4 o# a" c9 z4 j4 K; P1 i% k; C, O3 \% `, p3 D
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 U0 W$ b2 w) F/ O
0 ^6 ?. z4 S8 H' P. b9 A' t
1 U: I4 S6 Z3 \Actions by Consumers7 r! G6 {, c7 _- ~* K2 d
71. Consumers’ boycott4 {( r# t: G' U4 G2 h
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# k1 k' Z2 z: w' o9 S4 ^3 K. N, ]( n 73. Policy of austerity0 L% }& G0 X3 }0 x! B
74. Rent withholding
% U& V B8 H# e* ~+ U3 t9 m 75. Refusal to rent
2 }3 e4 R `5 `& b 76. National consumers’ boycott8 H8 f% Q6 A2 c9 |4 x, I1 O2 Q; m
77. International consumers’ boycott O. X+ E: g0 g$ T% h
# `& u* P- C" A! w; f* x4 yAction by Workers and Producers
. F: m; Y4 h" O* w1 K5 f 78. Workmen’s boycott8 B) [/ Z5 ]* b/ {* R0 x
79. Producers’ boycott6 B }8 b+ x: N
* P3 ]& g0 k0 U9 s
Action by Middlemen8 D1 u9 M: c, D- _" M, X/ l H) r
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! K1 D- g0 L7 M/ A
& w" J- X- k' m" F/ y5 A FAction by Owners and Management
. @. |7 g( v9 k 81. Traders’ boycott$ y# c* k7 A; ?
82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 m, u1 m2 U& s' Z# d 83. Lockout
0 K) |" g6 T# i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance) ~, q* C& |9 G% L6 i! ]) c2 a7 q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
) d8 e8 i* L, u+ W, q
7 h* |: L/ n p# p3 sAction by Holders of Financial Resources* _4 p# A5 ]0 E& w2 X* [
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 V( e7 @2 s' ]/ P/ A: @: r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 `: n, d, f% z3 r6 p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 ?0 a7 `7 X2 b: q$ ?/ O( \ 89. Severance of funds and credit
- u2 Y' h) B% y9 w 90. Revenue refusal6 o' B- q1 S2 I
91. Refusal of a government’s money5 U, n* V$ {* ]- y( P
! O8 R6 ?) j- ^1 a% [ n4 zAction by Governments! E4 B9 R3 ?2 q" v/ I" x
92. Domestic embargo. {' h9 \. }4 `: u) W( ^4 f
93. Blacklisting of traders
4 h7 \% h: {/ p: A/ E9 T% a 94. International sellers’ embargo- A8 j$ E& G6 N: ~5 e( k' ^( j
95. International buyers’ embargo. {0 G" w- `( l( @8 A/ b+ l- Y* ]5 T
96. International trade embargo; n6 h9 B6 s2 G# v" H; l
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& G. O- q# \7 ~" F2 A2 r7 r: o7 B4 |% y m2 z4 G& q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* J; d: \- _) F; ]6 D5 n$ h7 q8 B9 k4 o" ~
B' o; n9 p% A+ U# f
Symbolic Strikes" z0 ~2 @ a; v8 v" x: ^
97. Protest strike
$ g3 d5 k- E" G 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
* B; k: }$ z2 W* D6 S
8 `% _+ D2 ?& B- G. K9 Z6 @Agricultural Strikes
# c% B9 L6 d% y% n! u8 @ 99. Peasant strike8 v7 @( O9 d }% M# x5 Q# G% i
100. Farm Workers’ strike& e2 `; y0 ?0 p
% n9 Y% W4 w- U5 X
Strikes by Special Groups
2 w' Z {6 h2 @6 W E 101. Refusal of impressed labor
. T( y5 _$ U F% O5 n+ t8 Y 102. Prisoners’ strike
& U- d' @6 Z. j0 S9 W 103. Craft strike y: H, @' p! _% F
104. Professional strike; ]6 s3 O3 J3 y/ J
5 P9 g; ]8 W8 r3 o4 K$ l
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ e+ V3 l( E" I M 105. Establishment strike
' F! i: w/ ^, k8 u 106. Industry strike8 S, n. i) k! K- h% J' K
107. Sympathetic strike+ {, |* A- L1 q4 Q/ _& Y
1 h3 N/ i7 X5 z' t7 m
Restricted Strikes
9 E/ G7 k$ a" ^2 ^ 108. Detailed strike z7 |4 H8 ~! m' ^
109. Bumper strike
\3 b9 S I& ^ 110. Slowdown strike& N9 V# i9 o! f A4 a7 ?
111. Working-to-rule strike
2 g/ Z5 l& `% p: \. Z# u0 K' U& B" x) ~ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 M# F# Z: K8 u% K4 J/ ?# u) W
113. Strike by resignation
* u% ]2 e" K/ f 114. Limited strike+ s0 W! j+ {$ P/ E- H: A
115. Selective strike3 d. y! y+ o6 @8 l3 w. ?7 J' p* N+ t; {7 ]
6 ^: A4 \+ V: e& \3 E
Multi-Industry Strikes
" }* R/ a7 X6 J7 z7 f
Q8 A$ J0 v! m3 O" }# R 116. Generalized strike
' ]9 f1 h7 E7 k8 y d& S
; \1 Y# }/ p$ }$ T) e 117. General strike
# j$ Z4 Y- K* H* W7 q$ Y& x, Y- P3 p/ ]: k
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 N+ N p! ~/ G, ~. O3 B0 B
0 w2 S, |& E# Y0 [) f 118. Hartal
5 L _4 i, F n: F6 ?, f* B8 i5 q }
119. Economic shutdown
2 ~& W* z; b3 T M _4 q9 T2 x% ]
; ^( K+ t" y: `+ ~$ i) K 7 Z: Q7 Y: Y7 T1 j1 g' y! i
% k# j0 @, W! W* |/ q/ ~
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 L2 `9 ]) r2 R1 V# i$ f
% y) J2 T7 o1 _5 E; {
9 G; j) _# L* y9 d% PRejection of Authority
) c( j1 x# I. I* f 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 @( P# w" I, Y* Y {4 O+ T 121. Refusal of public support% P5 `7 q1 K, W# K T( A4 {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! P; g; ~: L) o* J
/ q2 P, y5 d" w0 b; U
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 l( w3 z/ _ E, _+ i, e& y6 t 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 g! [7 O- E: M0 \: C- S6 K, Z9 V 124. Boycott of elections5 d! s- ]$ \; {0 {& R! V* g
125. Boycott of government employment and positions" J: c0 X* G$ P, m% J
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: }! W/ p% n8 `) M 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ Y) ]; b8 S' n* i% ^5 e$ T+ _* X J. l8 h 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 X2 s% X, @( y1 M( J, y Y5 ]
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 l; g6 ~7 ~6 \& K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: {! j$ R$ j/ K. i2 ^+ Z
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; P+ g1 A( o0 \ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
/ S( b- P/ p; \. }8 q' I
, N( T% u( P+ F0 {5 ~. }. JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
g6 I4 K# Q" v" J& G- N 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( Y" @8 G% D2 n! T& z. K. w 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 j) x& B/ W8 \* |$ D# |0 R U 135. Popular nonobedience, J! A9 Z" J9 K/ f/ [( Q
136. Disguised disobedience$ V' x9 }( q1 M# A# n( G/ O1 y3 X
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% H+ B. |" _ f! G4 ]2 \# A$ q+ T 138. Sitdown
& J5 @3 A( x7 D/ X0 K 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. F( d; Q/ Z" s" Z! [
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities" ~$ [ V6 ^/ W6 e% G
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 R5 u2 t# r- M& S3 F) K
$ D5 z4 ?- F3 r, c% G; a
Action by Government Personnel2 h4 D# J1 P6 E1 E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) Y) k f4 A) r2 I+ \4 H; J 143. Blocking of lines of command and information- i# v( l' I/ n, s& {( N
144. Stalling and obstruction
/ a/ r) K" E4 y* x, p 145. General administrative noncooperation
/ Z: [5 L: `( t9 G& }# |
4 t( l& E4 X* S0 I6 |! m 146. Judicial noncooperation
1 |+ x( {6 X! F% r7 i1 V 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 W% L8 m1 z! {& H/ h 148. Mutiny2 @) g5 K: c. ^& }8 K; n/ y, I
Domestic Governmental Action
( U8 s: j$ e2 o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ h( E5 H( e( O q: c) ~9 K$ \ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' _* y9 X% v) W- d
& D- j2 E. F4 C f( TInternational Governmental Action
( z4 `% K$ z* y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. r" F# G1 Z+ h9 J, t( H" x 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 _ b! l9 m! g7 p: s; J" A; w 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ L& q6 F/ s- W! h" d 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, m* U0 Y- ~ d3 x" U& f0 m
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" u! t2 F5 w ~ {. G, {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- e# n- L' J% O% I- T' y
157. Expulsion from international organizations
" n8 q9 c) |6 R+ w w3 ~' D
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; ]2 W, i( A6 \) M# H' p& M8 ?5 }+ F2 Q3 k1 x( Y' _4 W9 J2 i
/ Z1 J/ C2 P1 b6 L( Z8 M+ mPsychological Intervention5 |" n0 N1 t% N5 l) V& Q* z+ z
158. Self-exposure to the elements
# T" z! R: |. ?4 |4 X# ^* a 159. The fast I- l; \/ A# W/ w
a) Fast of moral pressure5 I D8 `' Y# o% O5 _
b) Hunger strike
0 k& [) H8 P0 \( l* K' ? c) Satyagrahic fast
: X' |" O- v, z 160. Reverse trial
, F( W% s$ U' c 161. Nonviolent harassment
! O* F# G( a. Y( P3 M/ }$ y" {0 K) D: t( ^# X8 K
Physical Intervention
) G8 K5 G C% b8 ?& Q 162. Sit-in# Z: ?+ U0 e" q4 x" M* O" E
163. Stand-in
) H' e- S# M/ H% A8 L 164. Ride-in
. f2 v+ A, [, Q+ Q' q6 I 165. Wade-in; o& X: M. O! _) Y
166. Mill-in
2 {0 z0 ], w4 f0 l 167. Pray-in6 E! N5 k7 h0 a9 @
168. Nonviolent raids
7 @: t/ S9 w6 ? \( b 169. Nonviolent air raids _, p) k% @1 U8 e9 b& d) @
170. Nonviolent invasion8 k, v% }- d) M' ?, ?
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 Q! u/ y* O1 i8 f$ k5 Z8 Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 x% f% I" F% h. s! o$ } 173. Nonviolent occupation
% I& d! X( E; f/ [8 U/ [6 ^3 d4 C/ n+ N0 ~" F U8 O& x
Social Intervention
* Q4 {8 {5 }6 o2 q 174. Establishing new social patterns
! ^$ d) z2 X5 X: ` 175. Overloading of facilities# K I ]1 C: W
176. Stall-in
; d1 T0 C3 \) U+ c S" ? 177. Speak-in' C" S$ F( V0 l2 _* V0 k
178. Guerrilla theater
1 M8 f$ S, d" `% j8 V 179. Alternative social institutions( Y) p; J# E, i5 ?$ R8 \# Y' F
180. Alternative communication system$ @( c; H, z4 L) `' V
' I) J! ?) O5 UEconomic Intervention! _4 @9 a4 z& j
181. Reverse strike
- Q" v/ p9 L" a& p x* V 182. Stay-in strike
9 }. x! A+ D3 O9 {; Q% Y7 p; C1 Q 183. Nonviolent land seizure0 B2 m- r8 j0 X8 y
184. Defiance of blockades! J- n+ l5 V/ T) ^4 f
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 u* Y6 t! ?$ H3 b- g1 d 186. Preclusive purchasing
+ w, v8 o1 ^8 T2 I$ \ N 187. Seizure of assets" J) d* t9 X1 v% {/ n3 i" c; @
188. Dumping
* H$ |3 W3 a7 \) d5 t( y3 v4 } 189. Selective patronage6 T" R6 j. v" U N' s+ |
190. Alternative markets
$ J' y1 W4 Y8 V4 K% ~ 191. Alternative transportation systems% z' G) L* ^' G8 G1 p; H9 k% O
192. Alternative economic institutions
* ]8 n) h7 B* q! R7 J2 `8 m7 [% n2 h/ g, R& e
Political Intervention
: w! ] c2 B1 d1 y; B/ | 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- V/ v- W' }% B2 f) }8 x 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; K$ Q) O5 R" H. r
195. Seeking imprisonment
& u0 k5 Y( L: s0 o2 c# u3 X 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 W5 q( J# N) q2 i% Z5 X3 P
197. Work-on without collaboration0 Y' Y g: V% [3 x: G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 T) n: \. V K# G" u
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
