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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 ?* D" [' a3 C( s% |! m
Formal Statements
) o" {/ U. M+ b8 K3 [ 1. Public Speeches
! B) N) P1 u9 m, z- {' g: v1 k 2. Letters of opposition or support3 `% z; ?$ ?! H! k
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# d1 ]' ~3 t4 C 4. Signed public statements
3 j" u5 r$ x- Z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention& {0 I1 X3 P; u4 \
6. Group or mass petitions! L4 N& i6 N# Z
1 P6 p) t- A! _0 m* ICommunications with a Wider Audience4 Y% q' d _, E3 i" s$ J
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 Y* m Y! S) @: c5 o% X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ E! z' m' w& _0 t 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- R# [. H4 I3 p* o 10. Newspapers and journals
9 J) f h; L8 Z- M$ R- f; G 11. Records, radio, and television" a7 R7 |! O& E' B- a) M
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 C0 Q4 ^9 u: A4 Y% D- ]8 N1 i- w i9 s. z I, O& ]6 F5 A$ Y
Group Representations) d9 \" H0 |$ d) @8 A; g
13. Deputations( E. |! P7 z) W4 I( Q! F& t! z
14. Mock awards6 m$ ^/ q7 V. v" `0 F
15. Group lobbying
. e& Z! ]) L k9 C- B 16. Picketing3 h* a4 D, }" E2 B- g
17. Mock elections# B; z1 F1 S& z: v; ]; S( E8 ^
2 r- a+ w# L( p" T+ ?* n7 kSymbolic Public Acts' f& y: w# a: w9 N$ L, l6 l, B% s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# q; o8 ]( U3 z8 _) f8 N! @" a
19. Wearing of symbols
9 K. l$ y0 ?3 a' K6 K$ C0 U 20. Prayer and worship1 j9 _( B/ u# e
21. Delivering symbolic objects, [: @1 D1 M3 Z. u; e1 D/ ]
22. Protest disrobings
& Z8 M" g# Q$ C @/ ? 23. Destruction of own property4 O7 Z6 R) S6 @$ h! }7 @+ J
24. Symbolic lights4 b) \9 I0 S4 ] ]$ z! B; j6 Z9 p( L
25. Displays of portraits
6 w! h! X1 O* b. M0 R/ N' G! O 26. Paint as protest
7 O; K0 N& e( R+ {" B$ k2 T 27. New signs and names
1 O3 ~" A/ _! F3 a 28. Symbolic sounds7 Q- {9 _0 {5 Z7 [7 c; ` i
29. Symbolic reclamations$ t- O5 _! W, J& m% k) p
30. Rude gestures8 T' \/ P" i. I$ m- G
+ o8 y" f/ E1 ]: h- I% d* Q
Pressures on Individuals L6 T. o+ c7 X; C, N
31. “Haunting” officials
# f! K6 D, ]* Q5 A 32. Taunting officials4 ^8 y1 a, e: T
33. Fraternization, t( ~) b) ~' u& e: ]
34. Vigils5 @7 ^/ }! N5 V( q
# y! q: P; A3 v' K
Drama and Music
- y) p% j/ @% Z3 K6 ^5 m 35. Humorous skits and pranks" b/ E/ ]. G" n! D# m
36. Performances of plays and music3 i0 i2 B- m4 w) e
37. Singing
4 ]" {; i+ |6 G' |* |. `
' S' I) l3 n2 _7 P3 EProcessions
- H9 R+ p1 h) v' j8 f2 K8 r 38. Marches
; \& V" F, J$ A3 W 39. Parades+ g8 \0 o8 t' r' ?( o0 \
40. Religious processions7 ]5 n+ }2 _* ~- j7 _' Z
41. Pilgrimages
3 p; k, h1 @% D 42. Motorcades* b% Z+ M9 L/ p
& ?4 h6 F M) S' |8 S# V
Honoring the Dead; g- u6 p/ k8 ^7 t3 a
43. Political mourning7 u3 U& a! @7 O
44. Mock funerals
: I X3 d- P! v5 S( K3 U, L9 T 45. Demonstrative funerals( a/ C' j2 Q1 C0 m; W" c& m
46. Homage at burial places2 ?/ U7 h* T" x; c! V- f
" w/ m& L( Q1 r) r7 }: NPublic Assemblies
4 D5 p N- z( m. F4 ^! B6 q 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ o. [4 _9 z' }. m+ r; |: {
48. Protest meetings
# a1 U& c( ~* @ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 s% k3 }/ ?6 \# \6 S7 ~
50. Teach-ins* ^$ I7 q. q7 [) K: t O8 ~
; h/ F6 ^/ t+ f' H- f
Withdrawal and Renunciation
" g' y- y4 D1 N1 Z0 M6 H4 N 51. Walk-outs
8 U3 X8 {4 r- D" Q 52. Silence- w& v% J* c( O( N! i- l7 u
53. Renouncing honors" n' l X3 B- V K% D
54. Turning one’s back/ `4 x) B B+ H3 e+ N: Y1 z
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3 s, d! M) L/ {" N. T9 nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" }2 K; i& ?/ M" R# p
) a4 K* U. u" \9 h 7 f3 E: w$ ~9 E6 K% o
) t9 d8 o' j$ w) ~Ostracism of Persons
7 k# M9 m0 G# U: I& I& } 55. Social boycott8 j) W! ]* i& d
56. Selective social boycott
4 @7 E" m* I: f+ h: a3 m/ F 57. Lysistratic nonaction
( }7 q o( `4 z8 n( ]6 X6 I& b 58. Excommunication
4 L0 \& B7 s4 V" q( ~8 H1 s 59. Interdict2 n% Z6 f2 ?5 F3 g3 a( |) m% N
: Q @- P" S6 Z2 Z- w ` N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( r! J' u) z/ X" m$ _4 H 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 m8 @1 K/ a7 X 61. Boycott of social affairs/ X' p9 x0 h4 S3 N9 P, i
62. Student strike Y* o2 K2 i* ]6 u/ C! P
63. Social disobedience
, t+ A6 \8 Q( N! Y& w: n/ t6 N5 P, B 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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4 v% B# [$ x- t' `. sWithdrawal from the Social System
) D- L+ M j' `. k, w/ }) ~4 s% r* V2 U" o 65. Stay-at-home
^* {" @! Y8 h! I+ h 66. Total personal noncooperation$ w* @: W* b8 D: x
67. “Flight” of workers
. b6 K ]2 m8 U. ?4 l2 R8 F) O 68. Sanctuary
" J2 C6 X" l: F2 t O+ p4 r 69. Collective disappearance
" f0 l" o" j2 B1 {+ V 70. Protest emigration (hijrat). M- c* U a2 e6 Q0 Y
. {( d1 q1 r1 }# s6 ?+ Q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ I1 D I+ a& m4 W1 c/ n0 J. R, k5 t! X5 S2 F, H% s' S+ C) I
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Actions by Consumers
: a# k# c) P6 ]) V! X0 \& R! v 71. Consumers’ boycott* F& f# |' x# G* V+ g' |# \6 ~
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; K" F. x0 H( S
73. Policy of austerity4 h6 l' e( u! x% F5 z8 `7 O
74. Rent withholding. H' k$ J! y* L
75. Refusal to rent
) f& u5 z8 X# O3 b, N) ` 76. National consumers’ boycott3 t9 V/ ]+ |6 r
77. International consumers’ boycott8 O" N- h9 j3 K# n
6 p5 K6 v- p: h9 R6 a fAction by Workers and Producers0 O0 k6 C E& X$ s
78. Workmen’s boycott' K- N9 K) I5 g8 o) k, e8 n1 |
79. Producers’ boycott
4 Z2 Q' A' w: {) Q$ M3 I2 ?9 z' B4 h% z; }. [. |
Action by Middlemen
6 K* f9 E( l9 q 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( J+ @) t3 {8 h0 y* a
1 b; N- ` f/ j
Action by Owners and Management! a+ o9 i+ ^8 t
81. Traders’ boycott
; P' X+ E I) f/ k+ Z% p7 c 82. Refusal to let or sell property: R) O. s4 G3 e& \# r9 d7 o* C* g
83. Lockout; n" n) x0 h) b6 X5 V# K
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# Z6 j! q" J" {$ ]
85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 K, d, O3 E# B* f( M$ g
: S8 @4 {) ?/ C$ o! k- V& T& o. g
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( `, h* o; B _1 ?+ F 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! N! N- ?/ Y/ L0 G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 l5 _" S6 G+ ?9 @% Y% K5 U
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 g& g$ o0 N. _! M
89. Severance of funds and credit
/ b; I1 X( p( n5 N- l8 W* W 90. Revenue refusal8 G' Y/ T" t; J, @+ r t
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ J' j, h% X# y: _$ B; ~; k8 I1 Y
Action by Governments
) \! F0 J( E& {+ I 92. Domestic embargo
3 |# O. A' Z2 s9 C# {- k0 l+ Q# m 93. Blacklisting of traders# T5 c0 J5 @) _' w
94. International sellers’ embargo; _6 h! h3 C- Q7 k- Y. H
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 U; m" c3 O! A9 l) R 96. International trade embargo
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) d% `5 A- E0 o& ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 c# g# n4 X+ P7 _7 t& n) c, a) M
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Symbolic Strikes
: E- O0 G, ]2 A1 o 97. Protest strike" ^& s7 R* t0 P& Q% Z5 `- z8 i
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& D+ i I. O; s$ z0 A
3 F2 x% X" z8 k7 T
Agricultural Strikes% Z. o& Q. k/ f0 L- u8 s& W: c
99. Peasant strike# J# b9 m/ T, K$ I9 M
100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 d- T! \# @) c3 H
A H e& M5 {) k( BStrikes by Special Groups
- I. U( e: }( r; v7 O3 } 101. Refusal of impressed labor, }2 }, p' \9 l" `: @/ m$ i* Z; {
102. Prisoners’ strike1 j* l+ c) e; l5 G
103. Craft strike
( U9 X9 e1 d* I' k" O8 w/ y/ Z 104. Professional strike
) A: B+ K+ w( A, p7 p% P' C. T
( d R. _5 @1 D$ jOrdinary Industrial Strikes
! i% |5 G7 i @5 A3 u8 w: a3 l' d 105. Establishment strike
' H6 v V) \3 k 106. Industry strike. f8 Y, \1 A! j4 T/ H5 Q
107. Sympathetic strike0 s( i2 K& Y6 d& a! W8 l
% \: I0 Q$ k& V8 r; S J3 p
Restricted Strikes/ R; K- e7 f: t) p
108. Detailed strike0 J& X) X& `; x9 P1 V1 h
109. Bumper strike1 r9 ]7 ^7 U1 @9 o; o0 Q+ P' Q
110. Slowdown strike
! H- M7 l( f$ ~& |1 f 111. Working-to-rule strike# z) m" z3 n; O9 n3 \! y# b
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! s% X8 }+ K$ p& @/ U( M" _* H
113. Strike by resignation" z; R- q8 @, Z" W
114. Limited strike
$ D) D" r" |& r c- C 115. Selective strike
% d2 g6 ~! ?' f, o I$ a) s% w4 P1 ]" f- B# Q% x
Multi-Industry Strikes% C" `4 ^! W' K1 w( D
u0 w% e5 i9 `; T& _6 c8 }! O
116. Generalized strike3 l* a6 K* T$ R, u1 g7 w
& H% W* X4 G+ G, O4 b; I 117. General strike( z8 G4 }: e) |" t# C! g! s
. ?' V# a$ K' a: |9 _& t0 p1 x' ZCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures! W0 y7 o! ]1 g* A9 y' s
& [: D0 F, G9 F9 B, _ 118. Hartal
s% m: S: X6 Y; Q f6 j: O+ r
* y- |/ ` y2 n# t6 O' m5 M 119. Economic shutdown
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* w! {* w% A8 n; rTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* g& l9 c4 i, o9 J3 K
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$ x5 s/ L5 y& N7 J5 |9 a& R8 ?9 IRejection of Authority
) J2 s4 ]: a# H 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; ?7 w/ E+ Y3 D0 z0 g 121. Refusal of public support
0 I8 I6 g$ C, U/ j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) F/ d& z/ T9 O) T: g! y8 M; P7 l7 Y. \
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 r% q) Z& X) _/ b! D* i% X 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# D% M3 X6 Y' x6 p9 w1 } 124. Boycott of elections3 P- A, D+ X7 g; S4 b+ d
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 X L. T0 ~3 o6 T# X 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% t; ^/ A" p/ ]
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) A/ \0 w0 A- k& j# U, I8 s
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: Y$ Z* J% K( I8 r3 b9 q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% {& p$ p) ~! X 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 N" @% ?6 p% Q4 d 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; C3 h8 z, m, z: T7 [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions2 A- J |: l- g' r J
' B# a0 }) e: H F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; z3 c7 t3 G" `; p7 e
133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 k7 \, `) n* M( J3 `5 z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; J( F, X6 C, @7 R9 b 135. Popular nonobedience% H8 ~, w% Y; F
136. Disguised disobedience" P* |' d7 f! N$ ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 {, B; H' [8 c" U
138. Sitdown
* K& z# q6 W* Z# `1 g 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" J/ T; [* [( w- f9 j& @5 o: ]& \
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; G! |2 n& y; }. w; w 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! u' e) s3 S/ z9 @5 J/ N" i3 G/ E) f8 J9 B9 U
Action by Government Personnel7 }4 [6 r8 P( O( O6 s
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 |3 W. F6 V; @
143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ R* u' @* t$ T8 ?6 n; R3 _. V/ f! L
144. Stalling and obstruction
+ C- e$ e7 d& }& o 145. General administrative noncooperation
( o+ W- e, L6 N1 w0 g! d
* h6 E1 S: z5 Y: t+ o5 @ 146. Judicial noncooperation9 Y: a4 i; M) }& l8 v5 G. A7 N
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- g) O) o2 j v) P6 J) l% v/ T* @
148. Mutiny8 g( u" V) U% {# \6 N% e# A( o9 a$ y
Domestic Governmental Action) r Z; `9 n. w X8 U
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) O9 V$ v( n) x* i
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: ?; A }' r4 N. H& ~+ h
% s3 a5 R( s/ n; A' ] a. A& r' O. S
International Governmental Action9 e! |/ D* s0 }
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' u3 `. j3 R- P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, P6 t. ^- d# w 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 ]* Z0 K. g" V7 c- W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations K6 {3 a# _! x. X9 n
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 i- d( v8 b3 S 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. ~. Q* s# ^- C$ R' {9 s6 F9 ^ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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; }5 X; h, }$ `% x, s& |THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% ^7 a$ r/ U# _6 \/ l
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Psychological Intervention
0 D; s, O, R( R+ J$ n 158. Self-exposure to the elements2 w9 k7 j8 f! t1 o' _) E3 }2 k
159. The fast
: C4 v$ A+ f1 P/ r a) Fast of moral pressure5 D0 u9 W2 s0 q+ [% v2 `& y
b) Hunger strike
) q/ ] P( I h* I c) Satyagrahic fast
+ s4 R4 w6 U& _! ?5 i( F0 s% _) ~# a 160. Reverse trial
. h- c: y. z* f9 |9 T' ~ 161. Nonviolent harassment
, v G) I" V; j( O( ]3 R
2 s# x4 E5 C/ C3 s2 v+ K0 z$ V' NPhysical Intervention4 {* g# U3 Y- O
162. Sit-in4 O! s% ~3 ]3 p3 Y3 |7 c) j% H
163. Stand-in
; A6 u# I) E2 d6 R0 ^1 p 164. Ride-in
8 u; r9 ]3 E5 l- P" l0 T: v 165. Wade-in
, e$ B9 h1 W4 k+ U/ F$ ]+ v 166. Mill-in
# o" M0 r/ D& g: |/ e4 m3 }) |: `) ~ 167. Pray-in
+ r& @5 a8 ^+ R( c( [1 l4 X 168. Nonviolent raids
' x, L' t1 N1 U, Q9 A& { 169. Nonviolent air raids. K2 R$ k9 H0 a _% b& y( c
170. Nonviolent invasion3 L3 K$ l7 A. E) ` u
171. Nonviolent interjection: ~6 f! B' h" W+ C
172. Nonviolent obstruction
' h) n; o2 f# a# A. K+ V2 m" y 173. Nonviolent occupation
# {' X. [+ c! y3 f. D. l5 [9 o( y" I5 Q- D7 ?' l) Q* U" P; Z
Social Intervention3 i2 h4 Q, @, @2 @6 n5 F2 z! R3 b
174. Establishing new social patterns
" }, ~) V$ t3 z5 Z& q. b 175. Overloading of facilities
$ b% o; S9 l1 P 176. Stall-in1 L; m/ H4 I9 ^$ N0 U$ D S6 ~
177. Speak-in$ D8 X, z% I& t" S0 z
178. Guerrilla theater8 C' C' M; g0 h4 Y2 x& _
179. Alternative social institutions
: b3 K3 j3 h a" q 180. Alternative communication system& V' {" d( v) p; S6 K: @0 S7 [9 r& z- L! A
9 l7 w3 T( x7 {. ZEconomic Intervention9 q+ Y/ H* I' S/ E/ @7 {
181. Reverse strike1 J H5 g8 Y/ ` ^7 Q
182. Stay-in strike- ?) O2 v7 Y ?5 B- o
183. Nonviolent land seizure
" h$ Q. Q* ]! I* B; e 184. Defiance of blockades
p7 [, D' I% V V7 @ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 G& O: x% o0 J7 x( I 186. Preclusive purchasing6 Z$ W+ [& { O4 D
187. Seizure of assets
4 P" k7 w- F8 U, K- ^ k 188. Dumping' v6 v- Y/ N& ?% g' G' O
189. Selective patronage
, V H. ^- v3 e$ w 190. Alternative markets
8 c# L) L0 m* U2 P& Q 191. Alternative transportation systems
; t0 H) l( O) {0 w4 A4 w 192. Alternative economic institutions5 q1 R# ?3 ?; X0 e/ K- u
* f. [/ w) A4 S% @: c# `Political Intervention4 c; P3 Y& ~3 C, ^0 u9 i7 W* p# n( C. w
193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 j* ?1 Y1 E/ \, \ L 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
+ R- N1 T+ W; k 195. Seeking imprisonment1 L% |4 }2 i7 U7 W
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 Z6 h2 Q# H5 C# M. E3 s% P8 ~( P C
197. Work-on without collaboration9 B) W7 r' T7 N& r) P) Z4 }
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
