 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# W; r* o4 A E& n2 TFormal Statements L' m8 l8 r+ d) [% Q/ u
1. Public Speeches
X) A1 ?3 l, p# m0 d! j 2. Letters of opposition or support
& O5 C; F3 m# v! E( U1 R" v 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* i- p# {: |; b1 u/ Q% s( {" ^1 C. k
4. Signed public statements8 o3 y6 c4 f; p5 x; P& Z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 Z# D2 J) z0 R' K 6. Group or mass petitions7 |' b: O" w+ |# d9 {1 d' ~
! |5 U5 V6 R3 Z4 X: o" ^9 q5 a9 vCommunications with a Wider Audience
8 ~- v! d7 L X8 C! r 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 g% v) g2 O7 G9 B. N" j" J 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# P7 N8 Z1 i4 [! V; y' S, y
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: t$ [' i! o+ ]/ u# @" k 10. Newspapers and journals5 i) k& U% F. R% h. E* u
11. Records, radio, and television, v' v% u t) D2 c* q5 t% N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting; p9 S2 d; t. ^9 p( a
[5 t/ v w+ X8 M( A, A8 {5 ]. o+ rGroup Representations
`; C( O9 Y4 W( ?6 d8 f 13. Deputations
- G/ a. F* G3 _# O$ I4 P% @ 14. Mock awards
9 f: @9 r P: U5 N. d7 h& f 15. Group lobbying% Y$ ]7 L! M3 I' Y
16. Picketing
/ p* |! @: i" H& _ 17. Mock elections& ?7 \3 e5 j: x+ M! s
) |! J% C5 T' `! }Symbolic Public Acts! P1 \4 c0 s) X! Y+ n
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# ^/ E9 {6 r ^, ~) K2 q! V7 A
19. Wearing of symbols
% G: A1 Z5 k; L! B" @ 20. Prayer and worship [4 m5 j' E$ Y. S Z! l" v
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ M3 q2 W- Y" u5 B3 z' m' D$ ^
22. Protest disrobings6 }4 s' R; W; A; Z- c' S# a* e; A; b$ l
23. Destruction of own property& z3 G& |) [1 g% h; Y8 L
24. Symbolic lights% n% G5 v9 m4 m+ H/ s
25. Displays of portraits
8 q$ V# o+ _4 G3 o) O5 a 26. Paint as protest
' P) }4 {7 w. v+ e9 [- e 27. New signs and names
& ]: _5 x* d6 y- A( e" \: Y 28. Symbolic sounds; Z( x% J1 B! M3 b$ l% X" p
29. Symbolic reclamations* m R( q3 @" P s2 T4 R
30. Rude gestures
: {; M0 ^2 T V! b9 r8 Z G' |! k: A* Z3 f5 B% K+ Y
Pressures on Individuals
) X5 N ?/ A8 j0 s 31. “Haunting” officials9 u) T0 @# A6 b. b4 A
32. Taunting officials
: r0 {" F5 n9 H9 h5 H/ g8 v 33. Fraternization" a$ N: F1 H% P9 Q. X
34. Vigils4 \& j1 G) |9 U) _' [5 P, p0 i
, D1 Z, t& W; h% Q" a2 Y! B- ?
Drama and Music% |: v& ?; n4 s# k( O3 Z* T
35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 {+ T# {, l8 J0 V 36. Performances of plays and music
, g0 k8 x3 m; F) j" @ 37. Singing
: c0 h! u, r. {% y' M$ U9 @5 X" V$ b% A; c S% Y' l z
Processions
& ]/ P+ ~' ^8 P) I3 r. y 38. Marches% y& s: w* B K4 r! f7 Q
39. Parades; M, M; Y( ~; s M/ W% M. C; C7 K
40. Religious processions! w# { g; }$ ^0 b8 `4 ~9 n
41. Pilgrimages
& x5 r6 i$ R K( h5 o/ o% R9 v 42. Motorcades. X; x: _- Y) Z% V4 j+ z9 g
( c; \( t0 p* `0 a# [4 D1 x! UHonoring the Dead
1 n/ @" U, _. A) g$ }8 U+ G: X 43. Political mourning! ~7 ^+ c) O3 {2 u& W
44. Mock funerals% \% z9 q5 M3 m% t+ \. ?7 ?
45. Demonstrative funerals
& X$ z& Y* T h+ n 46. Homage at burial places
% _. E2 Z# c$ h7 D2 A8 X4 S+ S7 c3 p$ ?
Public Assemblies- _3 f/ R% J% {/ |" M8 ^$ L
47. Assemblies of protest or support
Z/ l; f( w3 W* c. W6 z5 |. y" M 48. Protest meetings
- I9 {3 W/ y) ~, [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# U6 U$ }- I7 S% _7 S% g
50. Teach-ins5 z/ K ]4 Q! _: d
5 J* t0 H# x X R- PWithdrawal and Renunciation
# u. F! c. A* @ 51. Walk-outs, }+ F' _% T2 Q$ @4 }9 g
52. Silence
+ N" Q4 C% }& D. O. C) }8 I% Z 53. Renouncing honors! I7 U% b. R' s. k. J5 b7 }
54. Turning one’s back# v0 C) f+ x* L
; x& s) }8 b8 {; d4 z! D( f, e
, P. s# n2 B N+ V) z0 W% I: c' \/ S# H- m2 Q' Y, F P
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ w! x# r. R# m H3 D& a
9 h0 a6 a5 a: P7 B: f 5 g; V, G. I* I: l& v
- X9 ]- b& e# f, f6 C8 m9 u* U0 o
Ostracism of Persons0 c' a8 t, q# m) o! ^
55. Social boycott8 z, F* G- R" P& x. Y0 n
56. Selective social boycott8 m3 e) R5 a. u' t N
57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ r& _) Q5 g: ?" {8 z 58. Excommunication
% t3 p! I* e3 a! }( w5 G 59. Interdict4 @ w' D* G( s9 T7 t% x+ }
* Y. H. `6 U. f- O% C7 c/ vNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 t" s& q K) H* P
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 }$ f9 t; a7 D! N( m 61. Boycott of social affairs9 s9 u4 D; D$ u: E- I) |: Y
62. Student strike
2 d9 @6 S% }# k' u- w 63. Social disobedience
0 P5 u6 {2 N6 G1 s& e6 q 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 ?( q8 ?) y$ M( w( l4 D) w9 ^5 \4 F8 i: O) [' g/ u
Withdrawal from the Social System7 n: S5 A% _* R6 }
65. Stay-at-home
+ g& |( V( `, m* {& g 66. Total personal noncooperation b4 G: }: F- K3 S
67. “Flight” of workers/ x, U* j2 b; d w/ E4 G
68. Sanctuary
8 [1 e5 p' h5 k! T2 u& d3 U 69. Collective disappearance
; {* i0 c7 C7 L; _9 l 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 m* ?% M/ F6 P, l
) N: A; G; [0 x$ E4 V9 r
" |" p2 j& C% ^2 O+ h
8 {9 L- e) Y' o3 ~- p* g
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
b( B2 ?9 r8 R4 Q, [! }" f+ _" r& J, N, k5 Y- [- g" F c* S1 x- N' c. ]
% o0 w5 x( m# e5 GActions by Consumers) D# K6 p2 A6 t4 X
71. Consumers’ boycott
' }& r8 a3 K; k- Y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 }0 y" ^8 B3 q* Y/ z( W( T- J- L
73. Policy of austerity+ Q- a, o* S: \& Q* r
74. Rent withholding9 |1 W0 m) X$ B+ O) Y- M G: h
75. Refusal to rent
8 M" |8 @- O8 g$ @: q; K0 H" d: X, E 76. National consumers’ boycott$ u& z5 X* A( J0 e% P
77. International consumers’ boycott* [2 B) O3 G/ w5 ~$ \" }# _7 M
# l L# D% c2 C# e$ p3 E
Action by Workers and Producers8 ^; s7 y5 {0 N$ h D% J- v* u
78. Workmen’s boycott- K1 ]8 l7 t$ v' T
79. Producers’ boycott
* t8 a M) P8 |( L8 W0 y( a I; s4 X3 ?' M( E' p
Action by Middlemen
0 k9 g2 M8 k2 H. w$ G7 Z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott2 v3 f: Z9 Y3 ]" P# L/ _
; q% J6 c" X+ X; R0 s4 C" [3 X+ V' aAction by Owners and Management
, l' j z8 o, s, K 81. Traders’ boycott
( {) i+ f. H$ {( z7 r* L5 s 82. Refusal to let or sell property1 t8 l+ R" r5 ?5 h/ T1 m6 ]' I/ I& V
83. Lockout
# V% S$ J# c0 }9 \ r8 Y# a+ p 84. Refusal of industrial assistance- s: n1 E8 K4 `8 ?: r6 Q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 `$ ]% u. I! a" r
7 Y- [+ P( V9 ^1 GAction by Holders of Financial Resources
; Y$ }1 U- \: a5 v. A* i 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, G( Y ~2 p4 J$ S6 M
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
3 O. k. o- K1 Q! O( G 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 G2 A6 n+ ^. Y* ]0 z! ?( ~$ u+ y 89. Severance of funds and credit
4 m$ L9 x0 _# G9 S8 l- ? 90. Revenue refusal" @& S+ U+ S/ E3 j) j+ Y) y
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 m2 n( n/ \) l+ ]2 h9 O K" Z; k' l/ g
Action by Governments
& `6 O: I; \% e/ R% A 92. Domestic embargo
3 o @" ~1 p- x% \- D! s 93. Blacklisting of traders
# i* X# I# T7 o2 ~5 J6 N, z% ~ 94. International sellers’ embargo2 |7 |+ q d2 P9 v! h* C
95. International buyers’ embargo: p# k* B" O5 `' q
96. International trade embargo
! {. B* Q8 t1 q9 s! C- |
" e+ j% c" ]- d& ^# Z! H 6 f6 H+ ?# w1 `" v& |9 k
A4 w0 U; o9 c! x; STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 \* @& a$ ~: C7 q; N% E
- x& U& ]) i& K+ C5 k
: n& I7 V0 ]. nSymbolic Strikes
+ K: v2 D- t9 ^, E: Z 97. Protest strike
& S6 |+ n6 m$ A, |1 z2 I3 B4 G 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 q4 U9 X) S% p# A0 ^
4 E/ b8 s1 N( g4 i" N
Agricultural Strikes
* ~5 B& B4 M% w' X 99. Peasant strike' o4 ^1 ^5 L# z. a9 L% q( m; r" _3 `
100. Farm Workers’ strike
- z1 C2 \& J/ K
& f# L% Q# N) d- Y2 n. Q- UStrikes by Special Groups
# @7 s/ [! H# O8 N8 [4 R 101. Refusal of impressed labor. n# y' }* U. V9 }6 I2 Y8 r( F( ], e
102. Prisoners’ strike
8 ]' `+ _4 @0 S! i z8 H 103. Craft strike4 C- @+ G+ j# k1 x
104. Professional strike
! [3 M7 G/ H& T2 J3 [+ `/ R+ M
- n$ f0 t; S2 A8 z/ ?" O/ bOrdinary Industrial Strikes* d" f, D, a% p# w
105. Establishment strike# E$ {! [. \ f+ @2 F8 P
106. Industry strike( u0 F% J( b7 W5 D( L" U
107. Sympathetic strike
' s8 S; \3 U- H& M2 [9 t1 O, R& ]% O0 F7 M* A1 D& q9 Z# W" z
Restricted Strikes7 R2 K1 a( b4 q! Y" g
108. Detailed strike) Y* D- e) A: t% N' [; X# @! [ c
109. Bumper strike
# K3 f& V7 B: q7 b 110. Slowdown strike
2 a4 T7 V; E% q! k. T 111. Working-to-rule strike! K$ O+ |* ]8 p# ?7 F) P
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ v$ T- t* B4 `/ S8 m: w
113. Strike by resignation7 s$ ^- y/ L7 ^
114. Limited strike
$ {" `5 e r l( P 115. Selective strike
6 r* p6 D6 I# j" _& d
* Q* `2 t) F+ }' L! ~& b" bMulti-Industry Strikes! Q8 u7 J! O: d
0 b" p; S, y* f. f" G" O' m
116. Generalized strike
: ~# O* ~, K7 P6 r; T/ z7 K" H. N
5 d1 b! f; V# _$ ]5 z% C, z3 V 117. General strike
9 ]9 l; k3 A6 l1 W6 b5 J$ v1 c6 d8 L" ~, z4 r" d! ]
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; F% _9 C+ |7 _/ `
* C7 n( v% D& h# x8 ? 118. Hartal3 @8 x4 C0 v5 }, W0 I7 T Z7 o
& l1 B; K0 N9 T9 b! m. F
119. Economic shutdown$ }0 h2 W3 v) W
9 ?- L! F! ^7 Y) b) \/ g4 T
7 {7 m, K: @" n: V4 z2 D7 Y7 r$ M" G# F" C6 D( e5 `! [* B
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
$ F, i$ I* m# _3 p( K; K
- S) t& J" b0 k. B" G H5 D; k
8 Y; w ?9 V, f' u6 R% tRejection of Authority5 C( l" a7 i+ w3 o0 @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' l0 [- x/ {2 O2 ? 121. Refusal of public support1 H% `' T8 ?: _$ ?9 e
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; u1 k3 G" R2 U/ M; q
) s# o i, t u2 R" z7 LCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 F, ~7 W6 @% [% R0 d. R5 K. c* h
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ I; W5 u- I( `+ n+ o+ Q
124. Boycott of elections
% `& H9 ^- j7 [0 S2 P5 G 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; _1 R( S& ~! o# F; B; ^2 T 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 i2 I' g! o$ R' H0 G 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* j& v: j* T. E, `8 ]) G, a& u- P" @ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 K+ V" P5 B( o0 {. k 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 `1 s3 q$ b9 y x# R" b2 [
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" J! H* O+ J, z+ H/ X3 A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, Y" D0 F1 U4 m* a
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; p' T& j! I5 v! M( {
7 |- d8 m5 k3 g, C6 tCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& t, ~0 g5 z% m3 J
133. Reluctant and slow compliance- ^, ~- m9 t% _; @% t$ N! O" E# {5 U0 s/ n
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* b1 N! c; t4 W s- w Q0 B 135. Popular nonobedience3 o2 T9 j W* K8 V
136. Disguised disobedience1 E5 d" o% Z# Z e2 c" E$ ?/ ?
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; q! J) Q! h( W; F 138. Sitdown
4 J9 b) I9 q; R1 d4 f 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 T4 X5 A1 } j. E0 z1 V 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 r- S: J2 V$ R: e' r5 D
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 B: `6 x' E: @
' \) D- ~. c; N. ~Action by Government Personnel u& O! ~' d- u. |* X, R3 u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 z! B% }/ `0 [& z4 U, V7 o* } 143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 `' B+ S. h" V" k3 Q
144. Stalling and obstruction/ A1 ?5 c, _- }5 _& w0 w
145. General administrative noncooperation. g+ i, n* L# M3 I
3 J$ t' v# ^4 E0 [8 @# i7 t 146. Judicial noncooperation
6 M0 }& u8 ?( z9 ~# H 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, b$ E( m8 U7 v' E# Z9 O 148. Mutiny6 Q5 V! d- q) G2 c9 h- L* t
Domestic Governmental Action
6 {1 o s. K9 q& G( o* D5 P4 { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 |/ x5 f4 F0 _# E" {' |; r
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' Q3 m. E+ I: D0 E, b! Z: ]+ e9 e K4 g& G- g+ Q
International Governmental Action
. N/ a2 O/ a6 }4 v$ D2 b 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations L1 I$ r, Q; @2 E C# m# Q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ s( _3 }% Y# T: g1 N* M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ `( z. R6 ]2 X( q+ v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 F! o# Z: z- W0 d 155. Withdrawal from international organizations& N0 O; s" K2 b6 a( P( F+ x
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. G/ G2 f, Y/ w( B 157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 ] {- I+ B6 L, i1 J! |( N
3 e9 [* y, A C* k, f1 ` # V6 b5 m) A0 P& N: |! K/ [
; A6 |( H5 Y( g, r( {/ tTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
" F! i8 i$ u z, W7 F+ e) `( K
9 Z& t9 n2 T2 `9 w3 O1 p0 R5 l 0 k( o6 l# N0 Q
Psychological Intervention
: H, _$ n8 V9 i- R, O: A4 | 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# H% f3 U6 L# |$ }3 Y- ?3 m 159. The fast
: ?- e& ]' @4 ?- p* ^ a) Fast of moral pressure
0 C7 n) _4 D4 L$ Y" \ b) Hunger strike0 R! t1 G2 T9 g4 H$ J V
c) Satyagrahic fast- A6 K# P$ D/ j
160. Reverse trial5 M6 N. f: a% B' q) c# y
161. Nonviolent harassment# [4 o/ y0 s; t4 m. G# j
3 i0 W# i: ^3 n4 q$ `& s. n
Physical Intervention
" D: s; z1 g; K* D 162. Sit-in1 l5 g; F* l/ l
163. Stand-in; n M, d6 m* G2 A# ?+ T, u7 b1 x
164. Ride-in1 e/ P) W) s7 u f9 a
165. Wade-in
% w. u! k5 L* w4 s& x 166. Mill-in R) y1 |! `; F2 x) @/ X H
167. Pray-in
" \# a6 G' x1 r" h 168. Nonviolent raids0 N1 y7 Z; K" B
169. Nonviolent air raids
! A# w7 k+ D1 r 170. Nonviolent invasion) a7 g2 Q; c: v3 F q8 H
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 Q1 ?/ x/ n% k% Q0 p6 B( Q) E 172. Nonviolent obstruction
* Y8 d7 S4 n5 O6 a8 k 173. Nonviolent occupation
, A! z+ l2 f, a2 X9 _5 u5 V e3 {
( P1 @# o6 ]& v3 [/ g( o, E6 OSocial Intervention7 ^- _2 ~/ W1 T( B/ q, Z; \
174. Establishing new social patterns
; s# t. p+ D+ V: a1 t 175. Overloading of facilities
; M. d* d8 w3 l' ^4 [: |3 k 176. Stall-in* s5 _; N C0 | z" _/ e4 T3 j
177. Speak-in2 s! N! i5 Z: J
178. Guerrilla theater! H& d% y& Z6 k1 h8 N7 g- R
179. Alternative social institutions
6 b! U* D) X l6 K' j 180. Alternative communication system( L; Q7 a" U: e, h) ~6 E Z0 Q
) t$ l X, u+ e. ~7 B$ pEconomic Intervention6 x+ i7 j4 |6 ^1 w
181. Reverse strike( B3 M( C2 f3 c! u( V9 V
182. Stay-in strike
' r; |/ X9 _0 [! D* ?/ b9 r 183. Nonviolent land seizure- K9 B# x5 E$ Q8 F+ o
184. Defiance of blockades1 u6 q9 O. M; h# ~# X/ B' d
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% I, D, ~. ~3 V, O Z& o$ v% s
186. Preclusive purchasing
, d7 h/ i- ]& A5 E. ? 187. Seizure of assets
" U: ^$ s- I, F0 e2 {# S# j 188. Dumping2 ^; c- z5 A3 f
189. Selective patronage
# I B: u/ D- _! x/ e3 P; J+ N 190. Alternative markets
2 K2 g, ~& X0 z$ u 191. Alternative transportation systems. p( l6 \0 D3 o8 G+ z6 _! L( `
192. Alternative economic institutions# |; o: I7 h/ H7 x- _0 V J0 r# t+ r
$ t7 V9 V3 o% [5 LPolitical Intervention
* l& ?# a' `/ Z, G 193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 g) c) E2 A5 H/ w) T 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. L/ A" a3 q m+ c( Q; ^! m
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 \& o* g9 O5 M# t3 C( I# A 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws3 h3 D/ Y: r- ]
197. Work-on without collaboration( l1 H% g# ^: {8 M4 D( h
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' Z& m( G4 `- d T( }" l
) h# @, M5 h3 y/ l# _4 N: m% }: j. f |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
