 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 [) K5 y. q. pFormal Statements" @( p% g) I' Y5 L0 o k9 K
1. Public Speeches
4 V( Z9 m) R7 v' [4 ] 2. Letters of opposition or support6 A$ y; s6 P- N; e$ w
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 S5 r% m3 }. w! a8 f
4. Signed public statements
& H5 V* l$ k) B3 M 5. Declarations of indictment and intention: n! [6 w- g7 d9 K) P" p. C8 n+ a6 B
6. Group or mass petitions
. J1 @& O3 k1 j# t
- O$ t( V+ h2 s1 \) wCommunications with a Wider Audience
1 e( a X( W/ w. i1 p7 J" Q9 I 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( y% X/ j4 d: P& G7 o
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 K( C8 o( V; g9 ]( O8 u. A
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- u" J& u3 a& b$ B* m 10. Newspapers and journals. p. _: h3 T: L. G1 F
11. Records, radio, and television
" K- N9 @- Y' K9 o6 H 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" L h5 P% r$ {; {
1 Y4 L# V# k: h! F2 D( F5 b; AGroup Representations
- g: b0 Z B( n 13. Deputations
" D% Y G5 _/ m* J2 f 14. Mock awards. y" U# p7 G: D! b0 o
15. Group lobbying' V3 O- r D. o( A ~. c8 s
16. Picketing
6 P" i5 m+ p" k$ _1 v 17. Mock elections2 J N# F/ D6 [* ~' `8 K
8 H/ Z$ ]3 [+ X/ a$ t0 n+ A u! i1 dSymbolic Public Acts
1 d' ?. K; I# Z" l) c 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 _$ Z; V+ D2 k" C0 m) N6 L9 B
19. Wearing of symbols
2 q9 Q) ]) o1 M/ K+ z4 b. \2 j 20. Prayer and worship
+ _5 X7 K- c1 z' l 21. Delivering symbolic objects; L: E" \ k5 q0 v, m2 [
22. Protest disrobings
7 `" H( H! }* {( F8 U3 @ 23. Destruction of own property1 j2 |9 c% L* h
24. Symbolic lights. W: J# w1 h4 g/ V4 i' y/ e
25. Displays of portraits
+ Y N- Y6 z/ o1 @$ }! f$ S! ~ 26. Paint as protest! [: j2 E) ^, l5 C
27. New signs and names p2 ]8 J6 S+ G" |! h" I
28. Symbolic sounds
) D; }# {0 A5 e6 s- [( F 29. Symbolic reclamations! a8 j- W2 x; U* i+ W$ K t/ `) N
30. Rude gestures
0 [/ X3 _ x. U- R% @; d# `, P( S3 }
Pressures on Individuals
" d9 w8 _4 O4 p% A$ i5 | 31. “Haunting” officials) d" L* x8 F3 G5 D
32. Taunting officials! u; t( T" L. [8 I, t' t' w4 P
33. Fraternization* e0 i% L, L- b& }
34. Vigils/ @, R8 \/ o4 y! J
5 N2 K2 o2 u4 n x: O9 NDrama and Music' n6 F3 H8 S1 J& \; h& Y
35. Humorous skits and pranks: L1 t9 k# h: N' X/ r/ {
36. Performances of plays and music w/ v# T- ?& W3 \! Z
37. Singing: f) N Z$ M, x/ S( q7 ~& d; H! `
5 N, d x% m3 _$ G+ i4 S5 @: VProcessions
; \4 f) E5 ?# k- W" G2 g 38. Marches- y- ]! ?3 i4 \
39. Parades3 b1 l: y9 M" H+ n! u0 z
40. Religious processions
1 o6 [/ G' q% b5 u8 C$ Z 41. Pilgrimages
5 @/ A2 n" m# g 42. Motorcades) u+ x8 C7 B! K! g/ D
4 x: |/ k( M' ]+ ]Honoring the Dead
3 ~4 D n, J& t. \ 43. Political mourning" M9 ~0 e9 D$ I
44. Mock funerals
9 { Q( H2 ]% }0 V# V% ^- J 45. Demonstrative funerals
- R i9 P6 O" M b- j5 y0 { 46. Homage at burial places
6 K. |( ~* A6 I5 p9 h# r4 ]" l: q; C& O% B/ ` o
Public Assemblies- x" t" D. X! i7 E
47. Assemblies of protest or support' O. `, @; \, ~! `. i
48. Protest meetings+ f4 e" t8 v5 j0 y$ i6 l
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, A7 y% `# M3 l( x8 G/ j 50. Teach-ins# N; a- u- o/ _. Q
3 \4 g7 J" ~2 [9 v) W; b2 BWithdrawal and Renunciation
, D# Y3 ~* M- ?$ t- r8 u/ Z1 h: P1 b 51. Walk-outs4 [% \* |1 V& S( X9 \- f
52. Silence
4 |3 s4 \# j7 _1 H7 M$ [ 53. Renouncing honors
) z- H! `- R) |$ X. K2 o 54. Turning one’s back0 J7 {9 M' W" ~" S4 {6 L7 P- M
$ o( a0 f% q0 A2 j4 L+ A% y1 F4 H) H2 C
% q: i. c. f8 H% m8 x1 P0 J: `, r% ]& H) L; k
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* y$ T2 s4 y1 Q+ @( g! b. d2 b& G" z. p( J6 X4 ^
7 S7 {$ U! l6 G9 t7 y' X
# l3 C/ s2 x) I1 ]Ostracism of Persons
+ _% m* Y7 A6 Q3 @$ _ 55. Social boycott3 k, J/ e: Q3 y% r
56. Selective social boycott
5 E4 \! i- l& B1 S8 O$ w1 ` 57. Lysistratic nonaction
" c, s9 {- H0 _! c; M, P% o 58. Excommunication1 t0 x. Y/ \' |8 U2 n
59. Interdict8 D- i* r' N; |, L0 V# N
. ?4 S2 u4 T* G6 W9 \0 b
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" U& ]: g1 d9 f. p* a2 F" J" j 60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 r `9 Z3 m* g
61. Boycott of social affairs+ y& m9 X" D! i0 q+ G- M
62. Student strike
3 v# D" [7 B. C# q- } 63. Social disobedience
% z- ^ R8 A% ]8 B3 [% { 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 h: x/ M9 P ^. A6 `& |) i
4 I4 a3 g- X& ?: i1 }+ W E4 L
Withdrawal from the Social System0 Y; j9 X1 v% `" }' ?8 g% L
65. Stay-at-home& Y2 N+ P! Z* ]5 v. \
66. Total personal noncooperation
# |( y7 ]4 s U& O8 N2 ] 67. “Flight” of workers) `5 t% M, I: C1 K# d% |
68. Sanctuary# N; ]# |! c/ i7 ~. ?" Q+ |
69. Collective disappearance
, h# x" r! }& g0 X( w 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) ?6 ^) u, t; A x0 [
. L p) b( P' W2 H4 [ ( j8 ?; K- b s5 T1 A6 `
0 h* M5 |7 J& K. jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
( \6 K; p2 J6 Z/ T' f y U5 }9 p
3 p. Q# {8 f4 C+ [5 ` + C; Z' t2 R4 w$ ~" E$ h
Actions by Consumers' _9 Y. \' Y" o) U0 o# `9 U
71. Consumers’ boycott1 N# e* ~3 v7 o5 s# l9 {$ N$ z6 c
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 i" w( `( t* x5 | 73. Policy of austerity5 x {. W, {- g, t# b% G
74. Rent withholding
8 s5 B- h, Q" S. t9 G) C7 D) t* W 75. Refusal to rent1 c9 V6 ?* d/ J* c* Y: u7 W
76. National consumers’ boycott
, S6 [( s) Z; \' a3 ` 77. International consumers’ boycott
; M$ R# G( t9 M2 o3 n- |, v l: _( z# C8 I% b
Action by Workers and Producers& J$ { j8 @/ A- D
78. Workmen’s boycott4 K" L; p: i9 o
79. Producers’ boycott2 b' j, A& n9 Y6 V
' @' E7 ]4 b& R+ h4 F7 u! ?Action by Middlemen
! O4 @" w0 A* y+ O8 _9 b* {6 @; T h/ _ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! G4 m0 R: a# B
0 D9 d, s. u" b! H8 e$ h
Action by Owners and Management: _) w4 s2 Z0 x0 P9 E/ o- V, D
81. Traders’ boycott* a, _. [+ {: O& I6 |
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ e. v8 X' T# ^5 Z 83. Lockout* v7 o& y' X& {) D; Y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
6 z) e5 S. _8 G) B1 t1 k6 q 85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 O# J+ c [+ o2 D2 s! z' W
* L: h7 h# W4 k' k9 u! U3 q
Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ R! h ]) M2 m9 ?, M
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ y7 E7 ]$ ?2 P" z( J3 E" c 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. p. N9 n: @& I, f+ d4 R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. r+ [& L2 D% U' F
89. Severance of funds and credit$ v4 i2 ?) W; p* G/ G# f
90. Revenue refusal
( a8 n3 C0 j: p' j7 H( i: w$ y/ C 91. Refusal of a government’s money
% ]' {, z/ g8 O& W0 L# m! J* `- L y
Action by Governments( X3 C' U* `6 K
92. Domestic embargo( e: j. W" D: u
93. Blacklisting of traders+ s3 o( i' H1 o3 r9 m9 w% o
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ _% k5 w6 C! q3 L! j7 X4 m- V 95. International buyers’ embargo2 z; E9 s8 X& y6 G1 Z- q
96. International trade embargo
0 t; P9 Y( L4 \9 L( \+ p+ Y
V# m/ k- W4 y" v 9 `0 y( q7 N9 h% \$ G z. ]
- w& a) I; r v8 Z6 ~6 [6 v6 t
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
# S- J+ h: i/ H/ c
' {3 I( @9 ?9 h: H; a8 \ / T: O4 ]7 Z* Y* P: U
Symbolic Strikes! i! L+ V9 }3 F! M+ T
97. Protest strike
9 U- n3 s6 g/ {$ S$ \ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 H# F I3 @ ?4 t
% q) @. Q* F% s" L: C; }! @
Agricultural Strikes* B7 k a2 J) w
99. Peasant strike
" o* a d- n- b! Y7 h% ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 [% {- K3 o/ Q0 \2 C
. j. o, [) Z$ v0 YStrikes by Special Groups
5 c! t, a8 @8 S2 D 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 F( M: `- ^( A- Y' v 102. Prisoners’ strike
: I, U1 k5 n& ^: F5 d3 R+ N 103. Craft strike
! Y/ o j4 A* Z9 E! k; M 104. Professional strike
4 R1 n8 l% l8 P% I! V& P; U+ D& z" v$ M6 J. e
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
6 P4 Z0 u& d" v 105. Establishment strike7 H: w0 r' G2 K
106. Industry strike
7 O# `8 H+ B9 G# g1 { 107. Sympathetic strike
0 o* X; ^6 J& q, L2 Q
. z3 _0 s3 d$ L6 V9 R) ^8 GRestricted Strikes% n- u4 y$ T6 j% P1 l
108. Detailed strike
9 P9 f3 n, s3 z 109. Bumper strike* L7 l7 ^6 t0 z/ _
110. Slowdown strike) n8 i* ~7 K1 `
111. Working-to-rule strike
y! _+ {' X+ z; y) n6 _3 G' x1 c' Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! A0 c0 R! T; l% b: E6 M* X9 ?. |
113. Strike by resignation
$ B6 a- U. A; s0 w+ L 114. Limited strike1 U2 s( a/ ~9 U" l; w0 f' ^/ v
115. Selective strike! }+ r5 }+ ], O8 c6 V; a; I9 u+ ^
: X4 H+ D% S0 C
Multi-Industry Strikes% I; A" W6 |% w& Y
0 [: i. ^- L4 f. D$ p; } 116. Generalized strike
# O x; L/ _" F
6 D- B4 x# X i8 w, a 117. General strike, @- l3 `% x; T& [
# R2 s" W9 g, {6 M( K9 |3 `Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures( g1 t, n4 h, k( z' q( f( l
) V: g2 v8 e( B) h8 p 118. Hartal7 [: W1 Z5 P9 Y2 I. L
, F2 V" c0 {& g0 Y5 q9 t
119. Economic shutdown) k3 S. {! o* B; V, w# G3 l& l* K
( h3 u, a) {: a& v" r
, ?" E1 k: }/ e) k. O
W$ C* s2 X( P) z. M4 I6 E4 jTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
3 n; t; K1 b8 L* [, J5 X1 n4 q5 c: Q8 u o# J: w, Q& H0 x5 F
: U2 X; i1 x7 j# u$ MRejection of Authority
. B8 ~8 J' }* W 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 D$ [2 ?- \1 v% W 121. Refusal of public support
# p, Y+ z! m* c% }7 U 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 t4 o S! j e) R" o% `
6 s0 O, ^2 d9 k5 } zCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government* O7 A$ h: Z Y/ s0 }2 R" P7 I
123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 A( w E8 D" Z6 m- C
124. Boycott of elections2 j5 n# `$ r3 T. y2 h2 Y- [
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# D1 m3 e9 h& R& }0 U! Z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 g S& x) W2 ^& T& g4 y/ w 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 k- z; q& Z" T g- p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* p8 i2 U C0 t* z4 g' Y( w( v1 t 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: n, E9 k5 O, F( i4 y! B
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. L9 i/ Q& U- F4 L! { 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( p; g+ P: B( h+ x0 W
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. {7 t+ O$ U4 l' Y2 f2 m) w
' J. j1 m; K/ D; lCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 X! a0 a. B2 }. d, f 133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 F7 ~8 k5 B) U
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 T: X+ K' p4 k7 s/ H 135. Popular nonobedience
1 s+ K6 i+ q( [ 136. Disguised disobedience. r4 q* k" z5 m2 `
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse x, o) D; n: T, J3 T' X
138. Sitdown
$ J8 G- R! r* B7 l5 a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- J$ H& Q+ z) a" \" L 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' @ s: r5 {3 O, i- S3 W
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 y: l* [/ `% `. Z- y @! v
1 O+ A8 z$ r% L' D4 i: x- bAction by Government Personnel; e) |$ O f, U- n
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ h G5 t9 {8 X
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! v! b. Y# ], J$ s7 G, E
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 t+ n$ V- a' W3 s" F3 ~ 145. General administrative noncooperation' x+ h/ j. g, s4 y* t
+ l* v7 X% C7 }5 F( `6 Y. E7 x 146. Judicial noncooperation
9 Y- S: s5 d) ~+ k l6 D0 k% { 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! L: I2 o( Y6 |0 Z8 E: d4 U
148. Mutiny( ~/ k& u! z) f( q
Domestic Governmental Action
2 k0 O' |- L% s$ Z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 h/ ?6 S9 S4 e
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ y$ P8 _& ?# I" K- [0 |: f: X5 L7 Y9 g: D; k& r
International Governmental Action$ [' {) G; f9 ?: k; a
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& v0 j" P2 b k7 s
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: ~, n. |- X" ]2 @& `
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 G9 V4 ^5 J, g( V
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- c- i. B$ L, u( u' t G( Y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ F Q# ~* F1 T" m. p 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 u( e' B% I; Q! q B
157. Expulsion from international organizations6 O X% ~. i9 y0 ]' A; K' q1 P
9 j3 D2 S( Y4 t+ L3 V7 J - l" M% Y; @6 a8 R1 o3 {- _
% ^ W( a+ |% E2 D% ]2 V( {% J
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 P2 D8 Z& {9 F" Y6 o9 c
# J. Q( L) ?- J0 D) W
0 B4 |/ a) i, H0 q3 FPsychological Intervention, D( b% r0 V; z+ ?* K
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 A, V6 m( t% O4 G 159. The fast
1 P* J5 h. _! r- E1 F8 E% J a) Fast of moral pressure
+ u! y0 m( _) G b) Hunger strike
; I0 k$ `. @* J7 E3 E4 j3 G( ` c) Satyagrahic fast$ p: C, u/ o' F7 r5 g
160. Reverse trial" D* v+ K: m6 v+ m1 M% r
161. Nonviolent harassment
) r0 A( G) y3 \3 X2 @' T: |/ D( w
. R: o6 a( D% g9 V. [Physical Intervention
7 Y2 \% N9 l( C! ~+ {( p 162. Sit-in
+ O0 r1 H) C2 F, s/ l5 D, M 163. Stand-in
4 r- A! {9 T, B% y" d8 P 164. Ride-in
. x+ J, X; m* [3 | 165. Wade-in9 K7 m5 i9 w+ N6 Y
166. Mill-in
b. c& p5 z' {% ?6 F G# L$ c 167. Pray-in. o1 b' `, d+ |) a# J/ P( O
168. Nonviolent raids
7 k8 g8 t, V; @9 V& v 169. Nonviolent air raids. s' [) o Q3 |0 u8 _( x7 r8 {9 Y! W
170. Nonviolent invasion
5 `2 F4 E7 \8 ~% c 171. Nonviolent interjection+ _' \% s: E) a# f2 i+ ~; K
172. Nonviolent obstruction9 i* i2 K- v8 j" V8 y
173. Nonviolent occupation7 a5 n* H/ d( f K
D) R6 X* Z! o" y
Social Intervention' a5 O: `9 Q* r+ c
174. Establishing new social patterns
S# r$ B2 q0 {( Z; @6 d6 U1 ` 175. Overloading of facilities
1 G( i6 d: v+ ^6 ^ 176. Stall-in
2 W/ d' ~( F9 M, K Q% p2 z 177. Speak-in% q+ z9 V; E% B# r8 r: S
178. Guerrilla theater
7 Y: R- n# R6 ]' D5 u+ ]! f 179. Alternative social institutions$ ^4 |- b* v: a' S- G+ m3 V" z
180. Alternative communication system# A9 T6 ? L1 v* f- O) O8 {) ^
' `2 ]0 U2 ^/ `; A3 j1 ZEconomic Intervention' l' b4 X' t/ {
181. Reverse strike) u! a& `5 u( T2 ]. ^6 Y" Y
182. Stay-in strike
9 Q3 k) c4 m4 Y* i9 Z* y 183. Nonviolent land seizure; Z# i: I1 O8 T1 F9 m
184. Defiance of blockades/ N( K6 f% O5 e s! {. ?4 k
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ ^9 L" K% x- p) m$ c
186. Preclusive purchasing
& W% ~7 p1 t# _( J) p8 C( @ 187. Seizure of assets7 A# Q4 x N H4 _4 n3 s3 E
188. Dumping
/ U M$ [" E& c: N7 n5 D 189. Selective patronage% Y4 }; D0 O ^% H! N9 M5 e
190. Alternative markets2 g! f; G& f- H; d. H w& |
191. Alternative transportation systems( \3 t+ t1 B; O7 ` F/ m3 _
192. Alternative economic institutions
5 ?7 `$ q) T$ l. O
! t5 H; L) @* K K1 {1 SPolitical Intervention
9 Y% R& _3 u" x2 |6 k* } 193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ ^5 u/ G* F* e0 l2 V: d" u 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% e' I. N. W1 l1 R/ K! |4 n
195. Seeking imprisonment
% O$ s0 S1 U- J E9 m$ K8 Y0 ~ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 {8 ~: V/ ?- Y* v E I/ u 197. Work-on without collaboration
0 R1 a0 {8 B% {( D/ h3 e y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
0 Z) W9 E T7 g+ Z2 p. ~6 ^8 b N* ^4 [
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
