 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* A8 v, b$ F" z& K9 \8 Q" XFormal Statements: M( F6 ~7 @& ^. Z; _
1. Public Speeches
0 w: l5 P* a" F5 k4 M% c 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ S# U: L. y F; j% L' V4 Z& N+ f& j 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; P* G& G9 o& K: x
4. Signed public statements
& Z- p7 z$ Y! [" Y- s6 P 5. Declarations of indictment and intention# x9 R3 l8 l& d% x0 ]4 d2 R8 T
6. Group or mass petitions
) z* n+ H/ Q K' o& Z) M/ G1 L9 j' p
4 w! i4 x) c( q; A9 hCommunications with a Wider Audience
: s7 E4 K1 w3 m8 P6 P0 z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 {2 |) H% d: y( x [, P" u
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 p! U6 O& i! \6 k, K1 F8 \
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, Y& t! R7 |- r! z/ j7 @ 10. Newspapers and journals
, u# B* I5 Y; k5 \+ K5 B+ Q 11. Records, radio, and television
" {! Y5 b! k- b' i2 W" P 12. Skywriting and earthwriting& E9 ~1 q1 N/ U% {
5 g2 v* o/ E* [/ N* ~: lGroup Representations
6 z' H) J0 b: `6 w) q+ I1 R7 @ 13. Deputations
" {2 U% ^4 g2 X ?$ u+ h 14. Mock awards5 P/ l- @( l* V3 l% H+ Z( }( J; X
15. Group lobbying
3 ^. L. a3 m3 X8 {+ Q( T; i 16. Picketing* O' u; p6 g) S6 d1 u& C' Q
17. Mock elections% }. `! k' Q0 p# q) I6 m1 A8 m
1 q9 b, ~* y7 h+ |* K
Symbolic Public Acts
3 f, V# O3 r, p/ w. A& X- b4 k 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# H2 X! z, U& d* W7 W
19. Wearing of symbols
! E H Y- V9 D 20. Prayer and worship
/ {" }. Y" _7 ?3 B/ Z) g: o 21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ |/ G$ S3 A1 I, q9 t m2 G- ? 22. Protest disrobings$ a3 U2 N$ {! _* M: H
23. Destruction of own property
/ B# K' s p8 k. z/ u4 J 24. Symbolic lights
& ]. p+ ~) u+ d( }0 i7 O0 ?2 C 25. Displays of portraits7 e7 x% o2 t( g
26. Paint as protest
& [( H1 K/ [: b9 w; | 27. New signs and names
: r$ q; u) a n; d; o5 } 28. Symbolic sounds
" U6 q: [6 g( v3 I 29. Symbolic reclamations
4 N3 K2 C* b9 D, c2 a4 J6 _ 30. Rude gestures# B& V# E) N1 I3 P2 a
' u* W+ c. U! R" |& L: mPressures on Individuals
" m: C8 l8 l8 n% r2 F; C2 r3 R 31. “Haunting” officials
, Z: H! o' A! a/ E; q3 C" W* z 32. Taunting officials
$ m% d& C2 {; ~; B+ W 33. Fraternization
. ~0 F( C, n* R. `, x- s0 R8 a 34. Vigils- ?3 _2 @& W+ t8 w- ?2 ^, V( D$ I
- i3 b: u! D3 v2 h; V7 \Drama and Music' G6 e, h: r- |. u. r! r
35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 P$ d4 O; x& D' m, p; Y6 Q: Z 36. Performances of plays and music4 W2 `: K$ [0 D% b
37. Singing
7 N4 w- S. Q! b; g5 x' v F& F; t+ G7 Q' P
Processions
& W2 K& J7 D# i$ O8 c8 K- k b 38. Marches2 U h9 D! g3 ?: y
39. Parades
% S. b( b. G1 S5 n8 p3 j 40. Religious processions
5 |+ U* i+ D, V1 m 41. Pilgrimages9 e5 G1 d9 \6 s1 l8 I
42. Motorcades c- a8 l/ O$ U6 q2 T7 j
8 P6 {- |/ w) y/ s
Honoring the Dead
' M7 h- t' U" v0 m 43. Political mourning: p* U/ W9 m1 Z; I) V
44. Mock funerals# F* X1 v, V1 l6 t( O
45. Demonstrative funerals- J1 c3 a- j5 k* n$ `4 N- H0 l" }
46. Homage at burial places) d' H6 a# \3 O' Z
+ d- z. |) l6 \Public Assemblies( H, C B) V v
47. Assemblies of protest or support8 ^ J0 @: Q6 @2 a" f
48. Protest meetings
8 }4 c' X7 t4 g7 _; h& z0 d 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 n/ H! o! d8 V 50. Teach-ins( G9 P' b; N: W2 I( A; _6 X
h! a) ^0 v8 Z) |9 N" v6 w- e
Withdrawal and Renunciation2 O) Y% I* D; ?" `
51. Walk-outs" D, K5 K0 E- Z# M! Y
52. Silence
- b) T5 r+ ?. H9 U( h) h 53. Renouncing honors7 Z/ ], b6 N+ h$ X4 S
54. Turning one’s back
! J6 ~ `4 D6 Z& H/ `' g# `' |& T, b7 ]. v3 P; Y
2 J5 G( G B3 f' W) v! m/ H# j7 _: c
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 m. C! B9 m( x% n, m( E4 U2 K$ w
+ l1 \" e; q: G1 l+ A* a1 C# T/ q
+ N: r3 f" A" u: b' A$ H! z( n; @( z% D5 y
Ostracism of Persons
- x2 P! |) Q1 ^" ^5 Q# A 55. Social boycott3 O% L' l9 [9 E0 V7 [
56. Selective social boycott
. r$ W: w8 U1 B$ f* v 57. Lysistratic nonaction
: h$ G! e. d6 I5 M7 } 58. Excommunication
2 S& E4 Z5 A' g( j 59. Interdict
' D3 P- g' k9 b9 c% a; \$ B9 D: \5 }* V$ m" K G/ h2 w+ L& Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. G I5 c. P' }, k/ F5 o; I
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, g8 d6 W# n0 }1 a$ q; p# Z+ s. _& q 61. Boycott of social affairs% @9 e" A' r7 d, y' w& {
62. Student strike3 k0 d E1 d7 q/ x* r. F
63. Social disobedience3 ~ ^% u* ~9 v
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 ]5 P$ f1 G# c% ~
) y! {+ @$ t! B7 o4 ~3 NWithdrawal from the Social System+ R, t- r) K1 s0 @* i
65. Stay-at-home. V: q# L6 ^( _
66. Total personal noncooperation
, e: J- v) D9 c 67. “Flight” of workers( Q$ Y/ |' @) P" a
68. Sanctuary
, R: }6 v( Q3 q2 | 69. Collective disappearance" Z# A: N; I5 D( x6 [
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
# y/ ~; W) U f7 q' f: K8 q1 H/ `3 ]) s7 K7 k0 t1 }+ ?
1 f7 X: w2 a% E; i: d
7 j6 n/ r3 l7 B* q4 eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" V1 ?9 C( H6 h6 {
( k1 H0 D% u, q9 b
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Actions by Consumers9 h2 n- G4 h1 X& S- w: x
71. Consumers’ boycott4 K; h( x+ w+ {. x' D% o; L" _$ m
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 T/ h* e8 p5 C) c8 U; o) _
73. Policy of austerity
+ d9 L4 s$ H9 c+ Z" E6 N 74. Rent withholding0 F* b+ E: s# G: j
75. Refusal to rent
6 B9 ] b. }( M P2 y4 H# o2 v 76. National consumers’ boycott5 `( F" L5 }* }; E0 j: v
77. International consumers’ boycott4 C2 b2 u3 Q! D# [3 o1 Q, ^
7 b8 K6 T3 a2 q) ]/ t
Action by Workers and Producers* b4 [ `* L& h* J' O+ D
78. Workmen’s boycott
- f8 ^+ a+ U' y$ q% I- U 79. Producers’ boycott% k7 \1 l l/ l! `' {- @. \ S
5 u4 l9 |0 u) p. ?
Action by Middlemen
1 u: ]# ?2 h( {, F 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: K7 s3 e7 k: z- S2 F
2 Q2 H8 W1 U! z p8 S$ O! fAction by Owners and Management
& e+ O$ i o2 o* V7 l 81. Traders’ boycott; c n- _, H. Z
82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 n/ ?) S0 \- t: _: |3 g 83. Lockout
* ] k( o* R, T' Q0 B, n 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) _+ \! y7 b' Y( E X 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- N, C' [' l) v9 f8 l! x0 O- i$ A
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
1 }1 F) ~3 J: P 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 _# `* u4 L: ]% Z- X1 c+ @( t1 N 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. v6 b( A8 Z: L2 n$ w5 Y# b 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 V! r& R5 x( p2 ]
89. Severance of funds and credit
1 w! n# r* R- f4 W/ q- h4 q 90. Revenue refusal
6 q9 h, u& w8 n' ]5 {# o: \! | 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 I! J/ W/ d4 _# X# p" E I$ _
8 E4 o; q" M+ X! x/ @" DAction by Governments
3 B& F5 N- [4 e 92. Domestic embargo+ |( ~1 |. i6 V* J
93. Blacklisting of traders( b* _$ {* w9 n
94. International sellers’ embargo
* l7 j% m/ }2 v8 F" p 95. International buyers’ embargo0 x7 s# p, u7 O" B
96. International trade embargo4 x- O# \* M: t& b" D$ N
0 }! `0 L6 _2 X, _8 G% D) X ; F3 [' T, X' I
5 r E# C7 ~' m" t& P v- XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 V$ |' f: c2 D' ` E: e
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+ L, Z* h- o, w1 I/ [: h9 s% |' ]& d
Symbolic Strikes; d4 c2 I3 E, _/ N
97. Protest strike- z1 P9 ^9 z2 I. Q; X
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
& V# T- G3 L3 m6 k' n( s) @
( x& Y3 S$ z- i+ fAgricultural Strikes. A; b8 V5 Z. N- l/ |% w
99. Peasant strike [+ T' T9 j; l2 t4 ]0 e. d
100. Farm Workers’ strike
# Y( g( i a i$ z
. e, _1 ^1 q/ }! F; x+ e1 o3 SStrikes by Special Groups) r+ n3 I) D" Y. o! X
101. Refusal of impressed labor( Z' K; j- K' E; P6 _
102. Prisoners’ strike1 p5 _* Z- u" @3 E8 B' i( `; J
103. Craft strike
, k9 ~0 X, [: a4 v% Y& d 104. Professional strike
" u" \% U3 T) N9 g; Y/ O2 F+ d3 G( ?) K- L7 x: y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ g! C0 l* h' a- z0 E
105. Establishment strike& C2 f9 v6 v# g7 T& t
106. Industry strike
% u2 _; f }7 \0 Z) ~ 107. Sympathetic strike
2 g+ F3 ?+ K5 f# d! O3 \% n* s3 E# m( X. `" z9 M
Restricted Strikes0 m2 L( ~" ]& d; ?9 ]) I6 B
108. Detailed strike( f, h/ D( c/ {& z
109. Bumper strike2 t. `; r6 ^! {/ y4 }2 c
110. Slowdown strike
# S( U. {' W* D/ p6 a: Q% L 111. Working-to-rule strike
: |+ ^. J! W1 F% A9 [0 A 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ j q, ]) ?; X/ m
113. Strike by resignation4 G' m0 L( }, H
114. Limited strike
5 N4 n$ _2 D4 f' g% x 115. Selective strike% n. x7 j9 |. ~* T1 p
0 D! `/ N1 w' G, ^Multi-Industry Strikes
1 Z0 _4 C5 M5 @6 ^
4 z) ~* l( |4 @8 L$ U# t 116. Generalized strike9 c( H5 |! `1 u% Z
/ M0 k7 K! r) `0 R; a# Y& s0 V
117. General strike
8 ?6 ~8 S, M {/ l) _* |
# L6 R4 j, k4 `2 j6 hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures( w: |8 @; G% m2 e$ n
& E- j( W+ M8 b; T- J: ^4 c+ p% ^ 118. Hartal4 H& J: B- n" `5 r) z, ]* Z) i
* y/ [8 U2 U* { 119. Economic shutdown P* G% W4 i# m0 W* c* b$ s+ k
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D- ?3 ^5 I X/ f
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. _4 a* F5 n7 f1 T
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Rejection of Authority
$ X( R* W+ q: G! }4 M 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! @; F* U2 b! C+ |' \7 J 121. Refusal of public support
) y% t2 u) d" ]9 @+ w 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
" y. T4 Y5 q3 f! V4 C1 _# U3 \1 D7 @6 v& Q2 Y! J- g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& u6 e7 d/ J R9 p2 M* D7 k+ O' W
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
b1 }5 F7 e+ m: j8 c! N b6 Z 124. Boycott of elections7 G) ~/ @) H* @& ~4 m) S& d
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ L& M. Z1 G" P9 W. N 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# g/ I0 A9 M* i( T1 u! _ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 o; Z5 ~9 ^8 J9 s% ` 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 x% A( }8 y- @8 z+ E2 O 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 H: s3 A# W0 u- ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) N/ ^ @3 b; d4 h: R* r9 A 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! P8 l+ p) t5 O 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 J2 |$ j8 s2 {3 D1 R- ]: @* ~& l: R! J$ C: f. w
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ h% \# c* S4 j% Z4 l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) v& I7 Q- O. T8 ?* x" D4 ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 Q! I$ }+ D! M% P L% b# z) h 135. Popular nonobedience
6 h# t* L" f4 w0 l5 I u) h; e. S 136. Disguised disobedience4 D. K& O7 |, B; i0 d7 A* x$ e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, r7 X }+ d& j x) p
138. Sitdown$ L0 ?3 W2 ], D6 m* [
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ |4 }: y0 `0 u8 W8 D0 ?; y: Q 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 M) D1 G# Y7 `4 E( r8 ^6 y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! y0 _! l- w( Z5 v+ E, o. I4 Y/ B% f
Action by Government Personnel8 D9 b3 J6 K$ ^# M# P
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* A! o# C# l# e5 @# t0 _7 `1 w( N
143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 {. M/ N; D, h7 T1 p2 \2 c
144. Stalling and obstruction
) _1 T/ z& {" r" Q3 j. e 145. General administrative noncooperation( ^$ |# g1 [$ O: s7 V
S( Z6 p$ Q. E9 z+ C/ K6 L1 j5 [
146. Judicial noncooperation+ G8 @, r# M. p; Y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 R3 g. f8 P- W6 o$ ^1 C/ j0 T! h( ~
148. Mutiny
T3 K6 `; P) X+ ` T; qDomestic Governmental Action
$ y8 C- [6 E" g g" a0 n' ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# T6 ~, l" u4 ^" ~) I5 c, C& | 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! g6 s9 K8 A- `& ~4 [& S, u
5 E- c! L4 n' aInternational Governmental Action: l! ^% N% w+ w
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) C% u1 Y+ m- `; h
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ d% }: O w, ~ U 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 e. l( j# g% t
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, q6 c& r* U$ b% R; v3 ] 155. Withdrawal from international organizations% _1 d+ f# i, n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' x8 s2 y% g5 C5 c
157. Expulsion from international organizations9 Y3 [0 I0 K$ v
7 j1 H2 c7 ]7 |+ f) A6 l
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 N5 O/ @8 |1 T( n. N: M: }
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Psychological Intervention
" z5 s4 g% L2 o; M& X+ {8 L! d6 ~ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 D# ?) p- P/ V0 }( |5 M 159. The fast
. s# |( o$ B% w4 x J A% m a) Fast of moral pressure
" a2 B2 |, T5 x$ { b) Hunger strike
7 Z$ Y3 K/ z5 i+ I) ^ c) Satyagrahic fast- Q) d7 z# s# g+ l E( E
160. Reverse trial. u( E, D% f& |& b( o3 H( L
161. Nonviolent harassment
8 p. X3 |( r; K: c
# l; W. C( E; l0 k. ^2 }Physical Intervention+ O5 [* O. H4 `: H! H- x
162. Sit-in
/ G6 L/ C6 v7 `- \5 F$ v; a 163. Stand-in
8 |" l- X9 \6 \2 ? 164. Ride-in# D$ r1 k2 y% w) y" |+ z
165. Wade-in
; C3 O5 _' A& R2 g/ h+ d3 v: M 166. Mill-in
) s) e s) W- N$ F 167. Pray-in
" p; h( ]! E% T3 ]8 H 168. Nonviolent raids5 w0 a7 F- X/ ^4 D# ]' b- y$ ` j
169. Nonviolent air raids) @( h# g% D" d( L/ {* E/ [5 |
170. Nonviolent invasion; s" i. Y4 K+ S e" q6 B) n
171. Nonviolent interjection
# F4 G) r, F: h, a9 e 172. Nonviolent obstruction: R$ K* u3 ]% i( D5 x, R& C+ v9 I
173. Nonviolent occupation5 b0 t1 x q7 B2 |3 M+ J2 ~
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Social Intervention
# o7 n7 _" V( _: |) C9 T* } 174. Establishing new social patterns* [& g% d4 d, Z) u! c
175. Overloading of facilities
/ S5 k2 W3 _0 v7 I: q6 s, N9 Y 176. Stall-in4 j9 C/ o6 r# P
177. Speak-in
' I3 W9 N- m8 Q* b; i4 p 178. Guerrilla theater( {+ S% y4 u2 i, X* R' `" C S# B4 Z
179. Alternative social institutions# j9 d) V' U3 \! N5 a
180. Alternative communication system
9 l( W$ w! `+ X% s
1 f' V3 v& g# SEconomic Intervention
: k1 Y% S4 y$ Y; V4 K$ A& c 181. Reverse strike% r/ H1 b! Q, w- |/ G
182. Stay-in strike5 s* b# _* h: \3 ^6 b- F
183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 p! L$ q' e0 Q8 V# Q 184. Defiance of blockades
& X( [8 q- Z6 [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ b. i ]1 w% A( Z; x# A9 a8 U 186. Preclusive purchasing
& D6 ~: ?' f1 o 187. Seizure of assets
+ Z/ Z7 ~: f+ d9 W& i 188. Dumping4 F( V6 @ @' t$ B: w* ?
189. Selective patronage! J) [+ N; |7 @ k. p8 ^
190. Alternative markets& `( q3 D0 a8 w5 V
191. Alternative transportation systems
9 D% O4 D% Q6 ? 192. Alternative economic institutions
' O" s0 S3 |; b L. X0 ~7 Z
6 C( t: [6 N O/ b8 M- mPolitical Intervention$ H6 Q- z! Q' S' p: y1 n; V& c
193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 a0 O4 y0 u8 X 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 W4 P& P$ g5 j
195. Seeking imprisonment2 q* F6 w$ `! U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ |' ]* x% y6 p/ h5 f/ M
197. Work-on without collaboration
6 [- N2 v4 x G% T 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 h: M$ l" M$ r0 l
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
