 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; {( I4 }( h$ \8 X6 e: ~Formal Statements
( P. |6 w; G4 L: b% P& ]6 L" g 1. Public Speeches1 O# I( j8 I2 U3 i) p8 x7 Q
2. Letters of opposition or support* l- V% a \7 u) \; t
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
' G' W6 J) `" I4 \/ j% k5 l: [ 4. Signed public statements
~, \, Q1 } A! x: y/ ? 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( K, L9 X' C" f2 X, B& P* o 6. Group or mass petitions9 ]: G" c l# }8 I
" z0 S; j7 E3 ~6 c- W( S' g. V
Communications with a Wider Audience: v, O+ Z, Z+ e( F7 F, L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" u6 F5 X2 h$ S$ f) Q4 b1 H" I
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 Y2 t- `1 {9 I; A4 m5 H+ l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: @7 S4 T d- N# f3 T& @$ z I 10. Newspapers and journals( U+ S* ]/ R: e2 P2 g# o
11. Records, radio, and television
' q' j: a; |) |3 d* M 12. Skywriting and earthwriting: L4 ~ @4 s3 _9 |3 v4 O8 F$ v2 l' t
( G5 N" } Z- w3 c
Group Representations
1 O/ Q' v/ M5 A) [% |% ~ 13. Deputations/ ?, }" f1 d6 G! n
14. Mock awards
' O7 G P' V F" A% \. f 15. Group lobbying
3 B0 z" n8 f: N4 m, o( ]( u) s 16. Picketing) n6 _' y% g7 t( T( F; G
17. Mock elections. e/ v0 M; |0 t: b$ D5 L
$ a e2 L& x+ N! T. D8 u0 [& K
Symbolic Public Acts0 x* v h& M9 r; V
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 L( t) \& P& v p# W* W6 S' T# e
19. Wearing of symbols
# j( U7 @# ]5 p: K3 X# ^; y$ x 20. Prayer and worship
8 c7 Q' z! p" `1 L) _4 z3 f 21. Delivering symbolic objects0 T* M- ~# ~7 o: Q
22. Protest disrobings
& T) g# q2 z, n 23. Destruction of own property
# A: G. k7 C) f8 s6 D 24. Symbolic lights
0 k0 y+ ?7 G- | 25. Displays of portraits3 l- D! p+ ~' ]. I- [" j0 |
26. Paint as protest' x0 s+ Y- e, ]0 @
27. New signs and names
2 B3 s) B4 z% c 28. Symbolic sounds! }6 Z& \1 K9 q) a/ V4 I$ Q& H
29. Symbolic reclamations7 I" {, c% k4 z3 z: e2 C$ K# ^
30. Rude gestures* w* c4 O; g; F
! W+ `# K% W6 d3 ^9 ~/ X4 nPressures on Individuals/ I/ d* Y9 o' T- ]7 P: g* Q' x+ ~
31. “Haunting” officials
2 q% g- j7 O; }( a- R7 p6 c 32. Taunting officials
P, w1 Y: a; }, t% y. Y 33. Fraternization$ u$ t9 c1 Y$ ]2 z
34. Vigils5 `, v& @: [0 ?3 h( _; g9 z
' B; }! q& r* j; ~; X9 uDrama and Music5 U- }6 i0 q7 h8 R1 t
35. Humorous skits and pranks7 c9 Y# i; a5 g% N
36. Performances of plays and music* V. B0 A4 A; g5 s$ B% J p
37. Singing% l3 x6 [* u7 _4 F
; ?0 S, D0 R ^. V+ _/ D% i/ K; DProcessions
; M% S; |/ \# b4 x* t9 k! W 38. Marches
^2 Y# }; i& b6 Q+ V& `4 {8 d 39. Parades% p! [, E( h: b* x+ B3 U ^
40. Religious processions+ X1 z/ O, W( Q& A/ L6 r. D4 L3 p
41. Pilgrimages! g# \8 U: H$ {4 [2 @
42. Motorcades9 _% q$ s y z: g
) T# N: h- m, V. |' tHonoring the Dead
$ ]. E+ j8 F! i# W 43. Political mourning) r; J( b3 i5 p7 Y/ `
44. Mock funerals
; B. [0 l0 ^2 X( f) \0 z$ N/ z' {0 S7 Z& J 45. Demonstrative funerals
! u( p) w2 h* r9 z4 D- X/ U/ v' K 46. Homage at burial places+ w' T/ J# d. z2 G
9 z. H+ ], v J3 o6 o4 t
Public Assemblies: e; l% i9 W1 w, r* o1 T
47. Assemblies of protest or support- O2 h- M& t. L4 R! T; ^
48. Protest meetings. o2 g" t, M: n, m- f
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 X3 s5 Z2 v5 ~+ [1 S; g6 V 50. Teach-ins* @7 U8 \5 x- u9 r: t0 @; D, Z
" k! B1 \, a* a$ H7 ?* v- nWithdrawal and Renunciation) T; D7 O+ O) ]7 a
51. Walk-outs
5 R: M9 P" ^+ y* T. X 52. Silence
7 }0 ~+ s9 B% t2 E 53. Renouncing honors
# c" Z0 n; ]! I' J 54. Turning one’s back( j) ?+ I$ l5 M4 a! Y M
! u6 y, o6 \! N/ B/ c # A: q M5 F- ]' l
0 v0 B3 B, v7 \& s
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 e3 o# M& w% L; d
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3 Z* x' [9 D: LOstracism of Persons/ r+ C$ G) [8 Y* P! O, I
55. Social boycott0 |9 ]' e0 K$ J8 N$ r0 x
56. Selective social boycott6 n0 n* {' A/ G# q$ m
57. Lysistratic nonaction) |' C. a- y2 E, h$ |& ]
58. Excommunication _- E' L9 n2 f8 y1 e
59. Interdict- v! E. y( f3 m7 r, y7 B
( ?# P# B$ }9 q) y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- I! [; Y' _( v0 ?
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 U5 g. T* S7 D: L, c/ ?
61. Boycott of social affairs
/ O3 P* S0 f2 l( g/ u2 g) B q2 Q 62. Student strike
$ N; l4 A5 n* ` R+ F; i 63. Social disobedience1 _1 S8 i5 w; i7 E7 o8 F* I
64. Withdrawal from social institutions e+ R9 R0 j& n+ |; D, G& Z
- j! w1 R* B# X& d- M* R
Withdrawal from the Social System7 l: m+ p1 H8 Y" c& o' T9 z# D
65. Stay-at-home6 b5 |* [2 h- j2 u) g- O2 W! c+ ~
66. Total personal noncooperation9 P- A7 K5 d( Z( l; i k7 b
67. “Flight” of workers
) Q+ v4 Y9 K1 g& t0 z 68. Sanctuary0 A* L( {/ C$ t/ w. Y
69. Collective disappearance" E; q, m4 n6 f
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' i& s- R! R! S+ Q' i1 V' |
?; [8 [$ Y% w! E
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 C7 U8 J _) }
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6 C+ B- |' i. r7 g/ s8 gActions by Consumers
* \; }+ Y6 l# _6 p/ ]* ] 71. Consumers’ boycott
* t% _* K, M3 b- g: ~$ o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods S) @8 k& O7 d
73. Policy of austerity' @+ S0 D, B9 h8 x- ^+ }9 Z1 G
74. Rent withholding
- I1 w, H0 O2 d9 O8 [6 Q( N 75. Refusal to rent
- `0 }: X2 w* x) x8 N8 |; C 76. National consumers’ boycott3 D$ I" t" `. R/ C3 c( I
77. International consumers’ boycott4 w/ l2 h t; u, O
`* c6 d5 `4 H) s ^) l$ I8 MAction by Workers and Producers) C7 f+ I. w. u
78. Workmen’s boycott
* }) p, ~8 u8 R i' K6 n% g 79. Producers’ boycott4 D0 V& |8 j0 _( A s0 |
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Action by Middlemen- [. ?# B I- X% N, W3 w6 b
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 l0 l7 T9 P8 R
) e3 x9 p' {7 ~' W: w# GAction by Owners and Management$ @" g8 ?1 J4 K
81. Traders’ boycott
! ?; N) P4 E* E8 R3 @9 @ 82. Refusal to let or sell property1 T7 L' w1 `, C% u" Z/ m1 S$ R: G: h
83. Lockout' v. W1 W" r" e& |4 c0 T
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! I* z" T6 d- x' `& V1 [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 g1 P( O' Y% r& | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 r0 L- c5 {$ f# y9 t
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 r. _) P- e$ J 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& G1 L& r8 e3 v( Y3 Y: f
89. Severance of funds and credit3 w) V7 j. A* m6 N
90. Revenue refusal
+ C+ }7 k' z* T- v, k4 b* {6 ] 91. Refusal of a government’s money; h- N8 {8 G% s* J |1 O
9 `6 I- A8 V- c9 j& wAction by Governments! U& O$ I0 z' U: A! u9 \( b, U
92. Domestic embargo
) q, m& r7 P* T7 } T& N, | 93. Blacklisting of traders J' {. H' Q* U# s' }5 }/ X
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 ]& I, J9 H) ~' [; H 95. International buyers’ embargo5 u+ E! [( m/ d4 H0 I
96. International trade embargo
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1 E- ?! C# X" h; I" m/ FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
8 B& }) _! C' x; Z3 T
$ ^( {1 m! ?/ H
: f- x( f4 d8 f) x! r& BSymbolic Strikes5 r: O+ }8 A, b( s& U3 D& I: o$ z
97. Protest strike
* n8 c! M# s$ X- u 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" e3 {$ J) a6 H, i; F+ E7 d5 U4 H6 Y' u% C8 ]4 C+ U6 L
Agricultural Strikes5 N9 G/ \3 o8 _" c0 V; z: E ?
99. Peasant strike! S- W) _' @( J: h
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 {$ D' R6 ^* C5 t/ {
. Z; l' Y6 j" Q* m& T5 e; p& mStrikes by Special Groups
# M0 ]; @+ Y3 A( a 101. Refusal of impressed labor
, Q t& s F9 { 102. Prisoners’ strike$ S6 ]7 E) C0 Y8 d5 U2 b0 v1 N
103. Craft strike' F6 g/ w6 I v7 R
104. Professional strike
5 v! o W' H' ?/ J/ i; P
# Z; M. \/ y' i: j6 ^Ordinary Industrial Strikes9 ]0 Q G3 S7 H
105. Establishment strike
9 P% v& W0 j; Z- n* @- z ]$ o% u 106. Industry strike
P0 F% }# _' ~. }& _7 c1 b 107. Sympathetic strike
" ?0 t7 ]0 c( ]" C6 }% J
, t" `1 t L) ]+ IRestricted Strikes
4 z, d f# P( @ 108. Detailed strike
" [5 X' @9 h* T$ r6 m 109. Bumper strike( o* Y6 e2 h( k' y, k( J$ G
110. Slowdown strike
5 ~9 u% I! @4 ^7 d/ V 111. Working-to-rule strike
, t# i4 K" P% @2 n' X9 A, _ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 H% [- T, @) c" R4 ~9 X: N1 I5 m
113. Strike by resignation: D/ ?& c5 J. _+ ?% s' Z
114. Limited strike
: y1 P# f# y5 Y$ v$ S 115. Selective strike
5 _1 ~& ^, v1 |" B% n0 z$ ?; P
- [5 v8 [2 ? |- Y5 I9 i# xMulti-Industry Strikes
) Z& c. ]6 Z L4 |. m
( g2 L- C5 i2 P- g* }: ~3 C5 x 116. Generalized strike+ D: O' }3 v9 U" w: i. V, M* z: o% w
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117. General strike, P2 n: N/ X" q. U- K
& W8 C( K2 K; X, M7 O3 T; O9 _
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 Q$ Q; m2 y* @5 v) w7 g) C: [
0 T2 `2 M) G; f& c1 ~ 118. Hartal0 k8 t4 L, _" ~4 ]( E! F
' I, Y7 r" c/ y( n' @9 N* U 119. Economic shutdown$ n; l+ i" `% k; }) H* r, A- V
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) @( L0 }; t9 ] X. u! I3 a) FTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION- f4 j$ g- J. K& ?1 Z* C
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Rejection of Authority. T! Q, ]8 p& e3 ~7 q4 c+ K/ E3 N( x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 {4 |- [5 f6 o% C: s
121. Refusal of public support3 l+ n* X6 Z1 B O$ w
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance. ?5 {# T- `3 P. ~; v% Z
' F! d; r* q6 r0 B, \) a: nCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 h2 }( S# {+ q' o9 a& F+ q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& i9 M& j/ c: a 124. Boycott of elections5 y- w$ k$ X, i0 ]4 A8 C! y6 R3 O8 j
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( v. s5 [9 {/ ~4 L 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* Z9 X8 R M6 ?) I6 X9 N: b
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% h/ E! q% A' m, Z: ` 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 ]! S, n2 M$ K+ o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 ^7 L" g0 P! K2 Y: p _' I4 s- v. r 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) I' m6 ^* @% e) v2 u 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) G% d$ ^: k! g5 V$ B/ R U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- a& {: _$ m6 X. c
6 e/ e/ O ~: Q
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 a; W! ]' q" t# X4 h
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; z+ J4 I$ Y5 o+ ~' {- B$ F
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 C! m/ @9 s4 }# S. G7 q
135. Popular nonobedience
8 x; Z/ e! ?3 } 136. Disguised disobedience
0 o; @ T) ]3 _0 w% i: h7 V" G 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 j: z5 Y' I/ k6 d# h" V0 v
138. Sitdown6 p0 v3 d j; `1 O- Y8 `
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 `/ M/ Q U4 O; U3 ?
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ f0 S; P; M5 @: P 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 f$ F1 x# S. N/ d, B
K4 S: |! E: W. R k* VAction by Government Personnel* z) u8 E- i4 y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 l- d$ w. q$ d/ I; z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information& q! A: ~1 G& c4 N+ I( T
144. Stalling and obstruction
D! N" H2 M$ l 145. General administrative noncooperation) r/ V8 e: p+ M* T8 m% s
5 t/ k9 E- r8 {' L- A0 B
146. Judicial noncooperation, e4 [2 o; p" a8 U. n, ~
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 [" H/ J) Y1 _" |/ I! ` 148. Mutiny
& G M6 M* h G3 \Domestic Governmental Action1 X/ E8 t6 L' u# K. U0 F
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 h' O% I$ |- }
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( `) \9 l. T/ M( E+ Y' R6 o
# a4 I2 D; k3 E; {! h
International Governmental Action* U+ g& `% F: L5 L9 n
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( D, b# G4 z0 Q1 J; E* b( D1 h T
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- T: q6 H. G- T# [3 }, I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 q8 v5 U7 L8 j" U6 q5 p
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- r# j; g( y6 b
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# s3 `& m2 Z; a9 E7 r6 l 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% L% G: G7 Y$ H
157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 J3 e& e( ?% ^. `1 o# S0 H
& H5 G' y- _+ B+ B" M- r8 K: L , }4 ^6 D8 L4 n t3 {
0 A! s6 Y8 h% s( ]
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, m2 f5 k8 p, S: f2 N1 F" T1 z
9 B4 x2 ^% x Q. |; F% h! N( @
# S4 T; t" F+ r3 @4 T' U
Psychological Intervention4 P* F2 @* C# Q5 E: @. A% d
158. Self-exposure to the elements7 ]9 o" a# {* x$ U# O
159. The fast. k* u3 D8 s0 l, f; g: `* e
a) Fast of moral pressure
" x$ n9 L; P! X b) Hunger strike
! o, B8 @ P/ t5 }6 A c) Satyagrahic fast
' \9 _: W& a, Q 160. Reverse trial8 J+ {, K. b0 I# y- p0 A) c* u
161. Nonviolent harassment
" a3 {: B$ m7 ~' I, N" F J+ D @1 [. h4 f8 F# v1 C& A1 i0 v
Physical Intervention
3 F- C: z) j; h 162. Sit-in
8 j# h) P; }$ a3 v) X 163. Stand-in) q# B- a y9 L. N6 t" H
164. Ride-in
6 f" N2 b! B% }. J& | 165. Wade-in. j8 }" l: J7 h. m" H3 t; T
166. Mill-in- Q# J% l7 g9 I2 G" ?" K# o
167. Pray-in( {. c; {1 T5 x
168. Nonviolent raids
; E* P! p1 l8 k 169. Nonviolent air raids
. p; W, o; \ s b 170. Nonviolent invasion2 q4 {$ k- J8 w) x
171. Nonviolent interjection
# _% u) R9 _) W8 L 172. Nonviolent obstruction" q# F! A5 m9 P1 s7 M$ \' R2 j
173. Nonviolent occupation) W6 P3 M% \; s/ u( `: ~; i
3 m% ^7 S- p" H" Z( `5 i. gSocial Intervention
" Q9 `3 K8 ~0 U& H; T7 ^ 174. Establishing new social patterns$ p! ^5 x, ^ ` r! Y
175. Overloading of facilities) ?. _. k8 F4 m5 U6 |( D0 E0 `+ b8 c
176. Stall-in
% r5 M3 i u7 O+ E7 @; W 177. Speak-in
9 u8 x" M A" n# p$ b* g% k2 Z0 L 178. Guerrilla theater
+ k% H x4 {0 k8 ? 179. Alternative social institutions7 _# Z& O4 [/ m( i; ]$ h# P1 [. ?
180. Alternative communication system
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; H+ I/ T: p% a8 P6 ~" {! WEconomic Intervention/ K0 Y5 w) J+ V( M4 N: `
181. Reverse strike: ^0 j6 B; ~: Z; u
182. Stay-in strike' e: {# v2 }7 m0 W# J
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ }( M$ ^; D% ]( E/ c- v
184. Defiance of blockades- v* v$ r; B" ^* s9 n) z) y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% A3 x2 B- K8 e/ | 186. Preclusive purchasing
' W# Y) @) C+ r" ]+ o 187. Seizure of assets+ k0 o& F" e% Z9 M/ [% U8 v
188. Dumping
, S" \5 ^ r$ ]1 f# O 189. Selective patronage1 R9 Z3 [7 L+ O
190. Alternative markets/ \' e+ F. E" V+ W, R# W
191. Alternative transportation systems
5 |4 N& j% a- R$ e2 B) ~ 192. Alternative economic institutions
7 P8 f) a# e1 \! U! R0 Q& B" n8 e$ V# a0 A, F
Political Intervention8 F4 _8 Q, @& C+ w
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: Y& @7 s* v; K( l1 q1 f 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
# X+ A2 i* T" i+ C 195. Seeking imprisonment. @0 z( g. E6 O
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 A( F6 T! r# }; G; _0 q s 197. Work-on without collaboration
! g; F p3 D# z# y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
