 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. G) ?; M: A7 }8 ]
Formal Statements
: K4 l' V0 F+ _! y* z 1. Public Speeches% |& ]6 G5 U3 I( |9 C }
2. Letters of opposition or support. C; X% Y5 q5 X( S8 {
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. E$ H @1 K) q2 {; r" m( Q
4. Signed public statements
& {: x, y# C7 b 5. Declarations of indictment and intention: s8 U1 ]7 k5 v: @( [
6. Group or mass petitions9 E+ Q- ~6 r. u
" O2 Q+ n3 m% t4 b
Communications with a Wider Audience: w- I, m) |$ |
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 o$ R) P# Z R4 Y! B4 y8 x* w. k
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 k9 p. v8 c% E
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# R4 M& m* q" D( J 10. Newspapers and journals
' L4 i* j, a" n: k# X- g) {# m 11. Records, radio, and television
' l4 q6 W3 d) b7 I' B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! _& Y5 B, f7 s& u+ p. u6 P
* v* A2 W) [1 L5 BGroup Representations
9 a; h! F) K/ g1 M; M+ S 13. Deputations' p# Y4 W* z/ e- o% R- e5 \
14. Mock awards b7 Z' q$ z) m4 _/ h% r1 o
15. Group lobbying* r6 D- D5 V" }
16. Picketing' G% o; V/ q% j D9 D& @9 P
17. Mock elections
9 p5 ~" f$ m$ U. H; }$ c* r2 C1 G( {6 B. z- N1 Y5 L# [
Symbolic Public Acts' Z, }0 m% _4 l3 W: L: A& D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 _5 `" i O' c: c1 F" G 19. Wearing of symbols
* D# H$ n8 v) ] 20. Prayer and worship
7 s5 l* h* |1 G+ G* i 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 R5 q: e! l7 n; @/ V" g 22. Protest disrobings
" B4 A+ V( f3 @! ^9 N! ~ 23. Destruction of own property6 `9 c' A9 o$ V" c/ t
24. Symbolic lights
: s' v: R: H9 }. q0 W6 f 25. Displays of portraits
1 F# Q7 c1 h9 v. V5 k1 m 26. Paint as protest2 |5 O k% i; K- s, l3 M, X
27. New signs and names
7 I3 a9 H- l1 ] {3 s1 i& v4 q 28. Symbolic sounds0 C: q3 B4 _. b4 A1 \. [
29. Symbolic reclamations
: X9 e2 b' w) S K 30. Rude gestures
6 x" N7 Z3 f2 K* z. ]' {. z# G: G/ l
Pressures on Individuals; V! i+ h+ ~, e5 l$ w, t
31. “Haunting” officials
% j; m. X: G6 W9 V1 A0 M 32. Taunting officials
}5 N. S% q. x4 J& m: x, r. ~ 33. Fraternization* U$ ]% B3 m8 u Q
34. Vigils
" j# P. F! U6 C9 B: H% r% Z/ t- @) N/ X9 u# Y. o5 ^
Drama and Music
8 g: C8 t$ [& h 35. Humorous skits and pranks
, T* _) ^! c# X! ?# O 36. Performances of plays and music
* V# \, Y1 F/ V5 s; B4 A' Z 37. Singing1 q7 K8 a0 C! I' G
# l3 G3 j2 K( I& nProcessions! S# n% l/ h! V& t8 `
38. Marches
, k+ Z% f. M- i, m9 m 39. Parades
! @; U* c, u0 v6 F, U 40. Religious processions
" C, T, K8 O ]- \2 O 41. Pilgrimages
. {' ?, w$ j# X 42. Motorcades# d! Q9 L* P7 s/ M% @
( t6 n+ J0 f v7 b$ z8 G, ZHonoring the Dead
+ @+ R9 N, o$ B 43. Political mourning5 G( s- z0 C" l
44. Mock funerals. H) [( Y8 V; f$ i! K s
45. Demonstrative funerals
2 o6 C' e# P4 i* [0 Y, | 46. Homage at burial places
7 V/ O" X) |% h- F2 }9 y0 g! ~: j# k- M1 d6 h/ G3 o( W. \1 R
Public Assemblies
7 c9 ?7 L( m0 k! V2 s& _ 47. Assemblies of protest or support, G: V1 [3 [% X7 E# S' X2 N4 R
48. Protest meetings4 C& l( M. O! j; C$ ?- j( p+ t
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- h2 z4 U$ x/ p1 V, m5 y0 N
50. Teach-ins
) q4 M2 A9 W9 W% {2 b |7 j0 g6 q5 T$ N( }3 H9 R! h
Withdrawal and Renunciation
/ H6 C' O) q0 G$ N( W# V$ ~* J( G) D 51. Walk-outs; k7 t# T; d8 W8 G, l- n5 I
52. Silence6 w( S" I2 G3 K9 W- u
53. Renouncing honors
7 q9 I. I4 E, ` 54. Turning one’s back
~" ]% x2 z. T# E& Z' s1 ~+ ?9 f% Y0 ]; |: [* I$ F
0 o; f" R+ @- @! ~/ t5 p
0 }' J0 O1 j+ U: `) y( f& yTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) h" e% v m- \7 ?0 _- ^
1 _# H3 |/ E1 N! X* U/ v! q , g$ ~/ T/ J9 t0 q4 j
% N7 T( O3 M( q: s* d0 YOstracism of Persons
6 S1 i: D* N* Y 55. Social boycott5 n# o% W! W; @2 X8 m! n/ ?9 T
56. Selective social boycott
2 I" E: ^/ p7 L# ~) W$ F8 E 57. Lysistratic nonaction+ Q8 L8 u2 T S0 o( x
58. Excommunication
7 O: r8 F9 Y: F' G; U$ n c 59. Interdict
" u; O- t( v4 k H5 w$ |7 [. B
9 a# H0 d( v# b, L' QNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* N# D/ G1 @* \; F# e& W 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: N0 L' L% {% q& r0 s 61. Boycott of social affairs
! P( k2 s# _: k" t) T 62. Student strike0 u2 `+ l U' ]' u
63. Social disobedience
6 g; w; Q9 h, m n; ~0 H) N 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# N. O9 b% w+ H5 O; Y' k) |
3 E& S7 ?* |$ ^+ A+ m- _, rWithdrawal from the Social System
8 x& O/ Z6 _; `4 G! u" `& k 65. Stay-at-home: [+ p% H) h8 y* J9 G. _9 y
66. Total personal noncooperation! g0 y$ R$ }$ W: i ~9 ^# |2 |1 y6 x
67. “Flight” of workers7 @" E! `9 T" u2 G8 F; H* ~3 t
68. Sanctuary
& ?7 w/ C! ]+ I+ k3 U# U' @9 b 69. Collective disappearance
$ L' G2 q! l: @" E; [- g 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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: ^: J; h# ~) X/ K0 I; ~" q7 K2 I1 q9 P0 W* |3 B1 D
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS e) b0 [1 a3 N4 y& }' Z3 {. z. `9 s
' v2 B; b5 W8 q4 a 1 i0 G& d$ j1 j! B- i2 p
Actions by Consumers$ u% J# d, p. I9 e$ e! v5 s1 e
71. Consumers’ boycott
( j% b: l; T* m8 q8 g& R 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 C4 H( V \/ \& M9 G/ p/ J
73. Policy of austerity8 X* g3 s! m5 A: Q# ^* k- n
74. Rent withholding
' H; G- E4 |# s5 q( a2 u9 X! O 75. Refusal to rent, ~5 O, D& d% }+ k
76. National consumers’ boycott' G* u9 R4 W% `- O7 c) M+ C, y
77. International consumers’ boycott
/ G" ~7 [ @) R0 q" x
/ ^! ^2 h; r+ S# ]* a( _: ?+ \Action by Workers and Producers
2 ]* H2 K9 @% `4 {8 y 78. Workmen’s boycott4 F" L7 b T! ]3 }
79. Producers’ boycott* }$ ~$ C! k r" r6 p# ^
$ T/ ^6 u, R o; g% g5 O
Action by Middlemen
5 U' o4 y# l# U+ q5 `9 Z* ] 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* n+ }3 R: G& v3 @0 F5 O: A+ }4 O1 A3 N' v6 R* A4 D
Action by Owners and Management& I% B0 W# L: k8 G
81. Traders’ boycott
* a$ c) r) T# t' f: o2 i- N! X 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 E9 B5 p2 ]. L4 B& x 83. Lockout7 {" H: ^9 [( e5 Q' v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 S, c! r. j: A. D" I1 w% q" }
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 e6 j' h0 K4 X9 t
& M8 H, k/ h3 O$ F( a) e0 R$ k' @# qAction by Holders of Financial Resources" I/ `* M4 i; N* q0 g P( g( h
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits c- l h2 y" h* R) J
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& p* N- c9 p3 w4 } e1 D9 K W 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 R: v9 i& _; F7 J/ J" \2 P
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 z" O8 O9 h0 q m 90. Revenue refusal
. R- R+ s8 a. W9 M# w. ^ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 ~' T) y& m9 X) G( |9 i" O) z
Action by Governments
$ z t4 Q6 @; N) t, g% I( W 92. Domestic embargo5 X# P% z7 d( `- g9 o
93. Blacklisting of traders
( c Q$ S5 Y* @6 Z" [ 94. International sellers’ embargo% C9 C9 D& h# b( ?- X3 ^
95. International buyers’ embargo+ A F6 u' G2 W: m( F, D
96. International trade embargo
! c, F% Q! D& D4 Z" U% N1 \0 Q, I6 N! g
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# [' b! p, Z6 N/ ^; pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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" @2 B& y! _+ f4 F% P1 T& Q5 A
" q5 C4 A9 i% X" S dSymbolic Strikes$ A- W* L0 [" {8 ~5 j; \' f
97. Protest strike" _; H$ y7 P3 g. x: R
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 o! I3 }, P; w0 n4 o3 O6 O
6 ?2 M5 z5 J- k
Agricultural Strikes- {# C6 V+ B" E
99. Peasant strike9 S0 v* @ W, \. {
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ c& I+ I3 g, ?8 |
5 p* S! Q5 e QStrikes by Special Groups
% k2 B0 k. E4 P' }1 z! d 101. Refusal of impressed labor, N) p% ?3 E8 |, |( A: F
102. Prisoners’ strike) D$ e* T: J+ _9 P
103. Craft strike
& g- V6 M) i! s$ y, `# z1 W/ O. W 104. Professional strike3 I! |' e ]' V
4 M+ K% k; ?7 e( s. k
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
, H3 B5 _7 n9 b4 E7 N1 B5 z 105. Establishment strike
8 y$ n3 R6 U3 w% F5 `! |3 T) ~ 106. Industry strike
! C6 o- e) }3 J% ~" Z6 e. g 107. Sympathetic strike
% o3 [* a/ E7 P! w; P* V! k' J* S! m% C" Y) Z8 w
Restricted Strikes1 I4 j* X& H0 H9 _$ I
108. Detailed strike; @3 X. S! M. {' X5 H! d* O5 K
109. Bumper strike
+ ]2 b/ q; ^. ^ 110. Slowdown strike2 W) ~/ Q& f" j
111. Working-to-rule strike, J4 Z" S6 @: s. c$ U
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& W! A! d* P0 F9 y7 q. T 113. Strike by resignation
% B2 B- M, z4 h/ N! F 114. Limited strike
/ W$ m( J: \" z# j2 Y/ X, n2 ~ 115. Selective strike4 g H: W6 @: ~' B
( v5 k1 j8 {* t) a! j6 b
Multi-Industry Strikes. r% M. s2 ?* A; r# I
5 c) T% g* R3 r1 q0 m
116. Generalized strike! l) l- r1 } O; u- n
6 j$ J* y) X" R$ m+ m( `# O 117. General strike
- s @6 y9 b" \) ~! J9 c( q; Q
+ T$ n7 r# l3 H$ vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 L1 X# ~% F: n K) u7 P3 O' E% ^
" t5 B4 F% a: |* W0 s5 |
118. Hartal9 V5 U. W' ?( S$ q: Y
! h% ~5 m; |" V. t, B2 z$ J8 x 119. Economic shutdown+ F0 \( Y7 }8 J3 c9 u, A( p2 Q
' f. ` H* C, E
0 x" G! U$ z) q7 e: l8 |. r g0 t0 x: A
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ _' g! I, e8 Z. L" ~4 B; yRejection of Authority
v8 [0 |, K0 z" F E 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# F- A7 _5 f, Q% O 121. Refusal of public support
8 e8 f1 O) j7 J7 R* x7 _9 j3 \ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 C# V& S$ C/ q; V( [2 C
4 G8 W+ R/ e; B+ m$ C* j: \8 ? E R/ p. {Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government# Q3 V# g1 ?4 M5 [. e+ y. r: O
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 S |, \$ Y% j2 z. x
124. Boycott of elections% u0 {; `! W) e; D" m, O( {
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, X- D1 ]; u; `% K& u 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 B# O: A7 \* |5 ]' A; e 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* v7 T9 X; c/ I# a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) Q6 n1 n/ w [9 N; H; C& F
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% T# Q h* x6 Z# ~. m
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ q( R7 l# H( V! @" i 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 @& s9 I0 h. W
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 a: j4 H1 ^; m. e' h$ q* o4 E% v1 P3 x p, U% p. U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! i, q: _( k# @
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ T7 ^8 z/ b9 X' d( s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 j0 @: a9 b; E. D- Q2 z 135. Popular nonobedience6 q A, k* H0 F2 d0 H" y
136. Disguised disobedience
8 f. \) ?+ j+ j/ z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# R4 q8 v" D; h3 h3 _2 f 138. Sitdown1 f' Y( ?$ L- z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 ~' o: ~, p9 N' D6 e
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- M9 ^4 e* m0 u- Q# {- b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" \2 B R; y3 r7 |& w
8 x2 T% {( t% IAction by Government Personnel
" x" O, n) g6 H3 E0 I5 F 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 D$ L% H2 L% _4 ~3 _8 y" g- c 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 g5 g& `1 R6 {. p5 S9 F 144. Stalling and obstruction- I4 j& l# {) R) z4 |
145. General administrative noncooperation
. s: o' C0 x! H3 w3 b3 _& F, t5 k3 K9 q, u& v. k
146. Judicial noncooperation/ `: n, ]" S! J {' B3 a$ t
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 M& y& I) m* f9 c 148. Mutiny
, r/ a5 d7 s1 Q% E( |Domestic Governmental Action
. A% Y/ j4 T/ Z- X% { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 M t& q/ e1 }5 y' S; |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' P$ s- d$ h4 ?7 }+ I6 E1 X9 h1 x5 S" l+ ^: N! R
International Governmental Action( e: r$ q |, }/ r$ J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& u" Q7 H; |$ j( l" F7 j6 k8 E 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; d5 n9 x8 ^4 u- c) Y4 \ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition Z! C. C8 ^) O- I0 {
154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 O/ {" l# K$ B/ b C2 Q5 P) B
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
; ]# h: g1 S- @9 R 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; O% f! {3 c# g 157. Expulsion from international organizations
! @2 P9 A8 P" h# O3 b
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0 w3 Q9 t9 G# q' b9 i. q0 C7 n- G1 @' x- H
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
( v i! h2 D- T% b1 x# q" U) c4 w5 q8 O5 Z) q
6 D8 ^9 q0 z2 F- K' S" ~% C
Psychological Intervention
; K' a8 i O" h3 m 158. Self-exposure to the elements* k' i. I K" o# @6 |$ g, h. W$ A
159. The fast
/ j v+ [' y7 ^! v9 x a) Fast of moral pressure
% p. P9 \) g, h2 [0 ] b) Hunger strike
0 q# P7 {$ N/ Z& p. ?9 G6 _4 ^* r$ o7 Z c) Satyagrahic fast J2 f2 o R1 X" ]
160. Reverse trial' M+ v0 ^9 ?- E' U! b0 b8 B
161. Nonviolent harassment2 I* Z: R* r; ]6 o. G; b; B. W0 s: t% |
( M w, }4 X& p- K5 |
Physical Intervention
2 J' J: q( T' C, G; Y C9 d5 H% H2 X 162. Sit-in/ a- j- g! \: T5 p
163. Stand-in4 n) P y9 Y6 I- }: B) d, J& e
164. Ride-in3 E" G; h) m u: P
165. Wade-in
8 o! N% {: B4 {4 R# w6 F 166. Mill-in
+ p! j Z2 `8 @: s; J+ Z 167. Pray-in
# n; N) J' U9 p 168. Nonviolent raids
+ t; F& l$ p$ E" d# e 169. Nonviolent air raids
J2 [: B, l: j, W 170. Nonviolent invasion6 {5 _* ?9 I' n/ p; v2 \/ g$ i5 O
171. Nonviolent interjection4 ~% z7 }+ T |- N0 |
172. Nonviolent obstruction; l. q m; U/ _' V: p# D
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
+ g/ B) L: D& b' T 174. Establishing new social patterns
7 _: {* ?+ I& S: T' X! u/ m 175. Overloading of facilities2 m1 z) f2 \) X
176. Stall-in' D: @& @7 P6 a2 h* L9 O
177. Speak-in
c( k% C9 M! T! e; B 178. Guerrilla theater5 I: U) ^' p. S- d7 X" y; c, l k
179. Alternative social institutions
& B* Z5 o9 n0 H7 K( [ 180. Alternative communication system
/ V6 L. m2 F4 W1 Z6 a- g$ [. C# H) z3 f( t& I
Economic Intervention
9 F# R) p2 l$ D4 d+ T 181. Reverse strike! c% n% Y5 ^* X0 k
182. Stay-in strike
( m! F F F& A. z ~! [& A 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ d* ^1 R( y e
184. Defiance of blockades
+ h3 }/ b- U/ s 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* ]5 ]! V! R! B! D6 U$ h
186. Preclusive purchasing- ?) x* z& M" _& N' l
187. Seizure of assets- L( ?# q9 }- p& e) W8 ?- m5 N2 J
188. Dumping6 w: g1 \" T2 K- }* p( f
189. Selective patronage/ ~) [' s, A; V4 {
190. Alternative markets
6 O# I# C: h" P0 @3 _' |" c 191. Alternative transportation systems
, a( ?& k4 z, n 192. Alternative economic institutions" `: M" O* Z& b A
1 O3 b, E j0 z* o; VPolitical Intervention6 q! g3 U8 _" s) Q" h% l6 X3 M: @
193. Overloading of administrative systems+ I- r a) ?! X+ S5 ~' M
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 N+ c' L$ Y" r4 X 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 I K* b. \ s# H/ G! x 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- ~# y2 ?$ Z# ^" o0 B 197. Work-on without collaboration% S* N6 g1 ~0 B4 S. S1 v
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' \% k7 z5 s: U# ~/ C6 s
3 ~. h1 ?7 U" h4 ]1 F5 D' z* D |
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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