 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; g- d1 w4 u3 R) e9 sFormal Statements% M5 O2 d2 @' r- T
1. Public Speeches N, Z E+ g. O# N
2. Letters of opposition or support% F( _- G. a$ M5 s+ S7 h
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 S# R5 L; K5 | 4. Signed public statements
; y) K2 A: E! q4 \ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 S+ x; Z8 \, e 6. Group or mass petitions
" U- N2 @1 N$ z* S& b
5 f$ S P+ J3 E, qCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 C% M/ W& Z, K7 D; S8 b8 p9 I 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" ]3 `: I; d/ J3 v3 J
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications3 u3 l8 F- d. [3 t) i
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 o8 C! }/ q; g, V0 a
10. Newspapers and journals! _+ [( F+ y) u- A1 ~
11. Records, radio, and television
* {5 [+ Y% R- A! K. d& ]* z9 j8 l 12. Skywriting and earthwriting% J% z( ?% j5 y: R
4 ^7 O# D' Z. j) B/ W; o% |
Group Representations
1 G5 h! Q" f% ~/ W+ s1 G4 s+ O 13. Deputations
* W! N) R0 d8 P( Z* k+ X# N9 w 14. Mock awards2 G, o# P3 {$ n7 l1 N
15. Group lobbying
) g; k! K5 u% Q4 q+ {9 Z* Z 16. Picketing
0 c5 l1 @9 b6 a4 V I$ h! ]2 } a$ _ 17. Mock elections1 `: z( v8 {; t0 C# Z: K% w& \. a
1 ~; E9 p8 q) ]; w& g
Symbolic Public Acts- B7 S0 E0 U3 J7 D' K. `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, |5 b) v! z/ d9 @& f) g' A 19. Wearing of symbols) f1 p' D! |/ m% U' @/ K
20. Prayer and worship) i/ s i: f; U' M% z- S
21. Delivering symbolic objects; e3 w4 q6 m" g" _, A- ~' b+ {3 O+ f
22. Protest disrobings' }$ C5 e: k% m2 a& b3 H; a% ~
23. Destruction of own property
9 {, ?! s/ F* ^& X( o6 s1 y% \; X 24. Symbolic lights
# h$ @0 z8 @$ m3 M# o7 k B 25. Displays of portraits
4 `) W! @ H, P/ Y) o! [3 f 26. Paint as protest
; ^$ z" w3 B4 _: d1 a1 o8 W7 e 27. New signs and names
0 a/ V. m) f5 @* @- } 28. Symbolic sounds! U% X' W; }, s6 O
29. Symbolic reclamations0 B# u9 i n; w* Z* a
30. Rude gestures
4 Q& r4 N8 D% w
6 \$ H! V, Q% o8 ^4 [Pressures on Individuals9 T7 Y9 B' l) I- d+ P, i9 N
31. “Haunting” officials9 F/ k4 T, b. c7 j. Q2 G
32. Taunting officials0 I# c/ y# v9 Q& B- g
33. Fraternization
+ V Z, o6 R% L2 ^0 _2 ? 34. Vigils, a2 ~7 G1 s8 f8 l6 ^, {6 w
' d; y3 E1 h% |- J& F: ^+ _Drama and Music
2 B+ M6 V G- f7 } s/ U 35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 M7 k7 m2 h3 }! t) h9 ~; f 36. Performances of plays and music
( G& b! _+ [ h$ D 37. Singing3 |! l8 `, {% k; V% u+ n1 V
+ K h! Y( f, \/ {. t+ k5 B& E, u
Processions2 l: A# b5 `% |8 \
38. Marches" w, F4 L/ t1 b: j
39. Parades b2 s1 w# U. p- e- G
40. Religious processions
5 q8 N, m6 e% I3 S, F- y 41. Pilgrimages/ d; L* p5 n: m: p i
42. Motorcades
t( H7 K% v3 o) Z4 x9 H, o1 n+ v) a* ~( Y, w2 o9 [9 F
Honoring the Dead
4 g+ d8 J# T" E5 g6 p& d 43. Political mourning! C0 Q6 s1 F) c. W1 L& ~
44. Mock funerals6 o& a- ]9 Y* O' S j
45. Demonstrative funerals
5 B- ?& P! m2 M/ v6 a 46. Homage at burial places7 a2 S* v" X. p1 H( Q7 [
; s. G0 P5 `% o+ I7 l
Public Assemblies, h ]! X6 U9 e- f! d
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 q% `' B# @6 m! Z& i
48. Protest meetings
8 u) Y% r, H8 [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" N3 }+ a4 D6 P9 h( D, L, K' O; s X) b 50. Teach-ins
3 E7 I* V! a" |" z3 ~, b
o8 I1 ]+ J& tWithdrawal and Renunciation# |! B* u( s5 Q! y. J5 j% r; O
51. Walk-outs
; |3 b2 A9 N, E4 B9 A! R 52. Silence
0 J/ I# I% j% |! E0 U9 q; w 53. Renouncing honors3 O; G* i) P; y. `+ p% ~
54. Turning one’s back' E0 i. A) ], b; v
# U5 B8 h: F% T# O* G" s
5 H; A+ p/ o7 e
6 J1 O$ i. K0 Z! K; LTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 Y3 ~6 A" Z# f
# b; V& P5 s6 y
9 m2 `. p+ p% I+ @) q9 _& I4 N' R: g9 P Q5 t2 l* A8 \* j
Ostracism of Persons6 c6 ^ N1 C! z% v9 ?$ x) A
55. Social boycott' @! b8 p$ M/ u- W
56. Selective social boycott: {. C$ X# N/ R* p. n
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# t" `7 Y) `# @& P 58. Excommunication
* ]- Z0 t4 x( ]* o; x- a& `7 v 59. Interdict7 ~; b. u$ q! b: c
v2 h! h7 P+ Q; U( K' |) X
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 f' i) I, z' {5 a2 w! A5 p
60. Suspension of social and sports activities2 c# |. b. z7 X) A
61. Boycott of social affairs
4 p8 C+ _( m, x" m! t 62. Student strike; l( o$ Q% x; F2 S a" Q
63. Social disobedience4 J$ R8 t* u: }6 p4 R+ M$ D
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 K' |4 D( W6 Z% Y) \( |: V0 k! G9 O& @5 Y& Q+ V0 T
Withdrawal from the Social System
* b4 R8 Q: A6 S$ W/ _3 C 65. Stay-at-home
* P" E& L e5 L! K! @ 66. Total personal noncooperation
( I6 d6 ~/ m" o6 J: \3 Z8 y8 g 67. “Flight” of workers
h% E2 C ~0 u' N 68. Sanctuary
$ G3 U: m) d( O4 k5 S9 B 69. Collective disappearance
) A' N6 [, v/ p* Q) W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! R% S( ]) q, l. F8 W
6 U! @3 q( s: z0 v3 M' c _1 V. {
' Q) N' h8 t0 _) X( f
4 h& i X( O" X7 \: N/ f% h8 }3 hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* G1 I2 D$ L2 `! {+ C( n* H4 Q
# Q" K; A! ~6 u
8 v' b% y- G2 N: {7 D2 l
Actions by Consumers5 O9 ^# G" m3 Z# o* x
71. Consumers’ boycott0 N2 n* b/ L9 Y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 \9 C! r( _2 R) z) t& Z& t 73. Policy of austerity
) n& Z6 F, k% Z$ P 74. Rent withholding& F! s- A" i$ z' O8 p+ p% G: E
75. Refusal to rent0 U, b! R% {4 p! d$ g" ^ q' q ~
76. National consumers’ boycott( ~: V) | ?, r& I
77. International consumers’ boycott
0 f% A2 n8 s6 y c4 G; v8 ^- j( {; V4 Z+ r; a9 @3 b
Action by Workers and Producers3 e, J& V- A% S
78. Workmen’s boycott8 J% x r9 B9 h" f. J# W
79. Producers’ boycott
( u3 C0 r6 H* f8 _9 w9 n
# g V* ]" ^/ V I1 x7 ^* MAction by Middlemen. W9 z& m& u& I t% f$ `
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 y% p# F( }- L f1 W" o3 I% t2 v; G& i
Action by Owners and Management
7 G: {6 n' p# [& L1 F* k 81. Traders’ boycott+ j2 } x L8 \* w# }. P
82. Refusal to let or sell property9 T( g# Z/ \3 B4 w [
83. Lockout
/ V: ^( x% o6 Z. {. f6 w 84. Refusal of industrial assistance" }% W: i' |: h* {+ f- i/ T+ l( s; C4 f
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
3 D* U7 Z: F% i$ z' {9 a( d7 n$ p, A: A3 n6 j/ G
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 W6 P2 b# K+ n) E6 {9 k 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, ?2 ^# A( s( F5 F: z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 R: c. R0 H6 ~) A: X) [' q o% o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) q0 d4 F4 T" A' Q 89. Severance of funds and credit- Y; r4 g ~3 A; [
90. Revenue refusal# M+ U: U8 \! g) _! z* t4 Y$ [' t
91. Refusal of a government’s money
) x; D! O* v! o! H% ^) k3 D' D& {
# G: i% J+ D. A& \; iAction by Governments, b/ }+ g# ~, S4 _! u
92. Domestic embargo) D. D, F1 n* _
93. Blacklisting of traders# U4 {7 A% c( F( n1 ]/ c+ X
94. International sellers’ embargo4 d. A( t6 t7 |9 [9 s* j
95. International buyers’ embargo
; H, M3 c$ O- }+ a3 L( u! w 96. International trade embargo
/ \ }2 S1 j+ C$ o( M+ e
& e- }/ R3 ?4 B. J
8 i" a. q2 w% W3 c5 O) F5 u7 R8 \ g( n' T5 ~
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ S, M- x& _# X: _
; N& j" I [9 j( ?8 F
# ^8 ~+ W4 Y; y9 L1 sSymbolic Strikes
x2 n6 v R0 n$ ]' s4 {2 ` 97. Protest strike4 R' |3 s# x' v! `0 w$ t5 \7 R$ Y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 t$ }. }5 L5 E3 ~$ s: o9 }6 n" i: w. b3 M# l% s! ?3 R5 ]
Agricultural Strikes7 H [# t7 Q5 _( Q
99. Peasant strike
+ R- V5 R; [/ M) H* O 100. Farm Workers’ strike- S3 |3 G3 }- R% |$ T( \
; K/ ^3 r, A9 {0 X+ f: ]! ]9 e- D* R. U
Strikes by Special Groups
$ e: P y- g+ M7 R# U6 ]3 W+ o 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ J9 s1 q/ O2 k+ [5 j& c8 X9 e 102. Prisoners’ strike7 w# n4 q& l$ r& K/ V4 Z; j/ s
103. Craft strike$ r# K/ v; x8 n) Y: U! }+ [2 Q/ W- L
104. Professional strike
* Q! B; H9 X; {% F' n- ^6 t# N6 P1 Z3 P5 W
Ordinary Industrial Strikes, U- u) H4 p. M# O @; A8 i/ L
105. Establishment strike+ v4 m; O3 j/ Q; T5 N
106. Industry strike% k. h. q" N! [3 u
107. Sympathetic strike( U" G4 f- \$ I4 ~, O
1 c) Y. U" e, E, \7 H4 e6 i! [- }8 D
Restricted Strikes4 g0 I8 ?0 D( T6 t
108. Detailed strike R. d& [9 T( n
109. Bumper strike7 u! U5 g) b7 d
110. Slowdown strike3 j# g; d$ p; g- P; y
111. Working-to-rule strike4 H2 X$ C) f, W Q9 S5 [( w; b! g
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, {: e3 J0 \6 b5 m2 A 113. Strike by resignation$ n8 A6 f; {& ~; f( @
114. Limited strike
0 z# x4 ?/ K5 S/ G' ^0 Q 115. Selective strike4 r. _7 \: N: T2 m" I' [* r' ^
! w* G, |- i& e" r8 rMulti-Industry Strikes4 [! Q) Y5 y- } F. i# M
) M2 A0 p* N- y+ g" |" }7 w3 y 116. Generalized strike$ L# b+ p* T: e& }( g6 l3 l' U+ I2 V
" k) K3 R- ~1 n* t- t
117. General strike
5 a& J$ x% H, j! R6 j' c! e6 u8 v! c# [4 o, s
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: g( L/ c7 `+ I2 ^# U7 k
9 H8 \8 [, B4 a3 O/ w 118. Hartal& o: e" S; }) I; y5 A
: n3 r4 G) n7 a$ j( T# P 119. Economic shutdown
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! Q* ^# |0 n6 o9 ]9 s) \7 H4 u7 M# W3 V/ [3 R7 P2 b6 _
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 ~; X7 O: q) m1 O' `/ K( i. J1 _! E X2 p* {4 {1 r! l
7 j5 y+ F8 @9 g7 f
Rejection of Authority0 K" q# |4 I- f
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
, J0 f- E: F& ~" o/ f6 B2 Z% r 121. Refusal of public support0 L' S9 Q6 [6 b7 o. L
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 p2 n% x, s6 I) V& |8 d9 s4 ]! |. u0 h/ u
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- u+ S$ j, i6 o! p
123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 F6 p: c" j) `0 V0 n8 b$ [$ g
124. Boycott of elections
, C2 X" ?/ {4 t5 G. u; |7 C 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! a9 v$ L# |9 s5 N 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" I4 l: j u; L
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 ~0 V* E: X# z" f# X# A7 D8 ]$ H 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% y9 ]! ~# ]" ]4 q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 B C& c% \' ] 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 h) _9 _* x6 b% j- t 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 c) P8 d$ F6 `0 I! U" L" w) p 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 e8 y) r; P$ g, g% \& g" Y
) M h' C: R( J1 p+ B( jCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: N4 K5 K7 s: f+ o 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* g0 l/ \! T9 ]$ c1 r; B, `1 z* _
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 I1 q3 r# F2 I7 c4 n: c
135. Popular nonobedience# G8 E' f+ x1 Q3 J& _4 t
136. Disguised disobedience' Y2 I* D' ^, U
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ T# E0 @1 j. ?3 a) [ 138. Sitdown
% M0 Z* p2 C- Q7 s: A' v' s) D 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 A+ j# P/ I e5 Z9 \" F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- c+ y; i$ r( V' ^ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
; v3 v9 l0 z/ D$ U
/ V2 Y( I/ Z0 a7 P Y' VAction by Government Personnel
4 i! y% x. l( |; } 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
6 I, Z* m9 W/ E" q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% g- i( a; ~. D! a% N; h
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 N1 F& P0 D6 \- K6 ~- K 145. General administrative noncooperation! x2 B! q" x$ u g, k& e/ a: _
# w0 P' O5 L2 i2 ?, b
146. Judicial noncooperation: o: H( I @9 i$ s' \* s0 h
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" V; x+ t7 |5 h4 N, A
148. Mutiny1 J$ ^( L+ @5 o' q% ]7 R
Domestic Governmental Action
8 d' e2 s! o8 A, g6 O7 L 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% v! K( F) B0 C- b7 }8 I" i; f 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 [ T# G! J# b. u) r
1 ]+ n6 Z% C* c3 M( q. ~+ X- c
International Governmental Action/ Y4 d! L- H! T5 g0 m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ O9 X9 B" c. q$ c9 I0 {3 p# Y3 j1 M b+ q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' B D Z ^) c9 \2 A% O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition d0 m( ^2 p1 ^, x* W
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( k- j9 x. W4 R9 Z9 O
155. Withdrawal from international organizations; X% [& Y3 V; K! v; G M {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, X" Y3 P) L' u2 f" X( F% |8 O 157. Expulsion from international organizations% _ w% E- K+ r2 F9 {1 l
; P+ ]- {4 W v! e
9 l1 P# w0 c2 z) F. x+ H2 O
* T; z3 l- f! N$ I) B% |$ j3 U+ QTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
3 H) K7 f( _# _5 ~1 M+ e6 ] V2 J" c
& _/ g7 ~" E6 T: u, V5 M
Psychological Intervention
+ ]( |8 o, \1 @8 D8 w 158. Self-exposure to the elements8 K7 Y( k- R4 P: W/ w: u2 z
159. The fast
) Y4 j* B0 L0 s' x" a a) Fast of moral pressure: N# R% P0 P6 M" w* G# p6 ~
b) Hunger strike
' Y: l4 |7 X, T" h3 T; z: E/ a6 q c) Satyagrahic fast
2 P# t: C! D/ ~4 q8 [ 160. Reverse trial
1 M5 V+ `3 ?+ T- t" P 161. Nonviolent harassment1 j+ j+ k2 ?) d9 _/ n, e" W
+ l5 R7 I& A0 g( K1 S3 dPhysical Intervention
+ r1 z' A' I8 c1 X9 _& J 162. Sit-in' ] a+ q( n( Y8 o/ ~' d
163. Stand-in" o- x. R) F% D2 B: ]7 ]
164. Ride-in! y7 R4 w3 h8 s) \( m/ h
165. Wade-in" y& `5 T) k# |4 ?
166. Mill-in) m* f" g& k# x6 x& b
167. Pray-in
7 I/ d- C2 [( b6 a 168. Nonviolent raids6 X# d/ D. g5 p& _" d
169. Nonviolent air raids" S7 A+ M( T3 d; R
170. Nonviolent invasion7 n) H8 r4 T9 R8 a7 h' t% W2 H
171. Nonviolent interjection
% @/ J( U2 C8 `1 t3 w8 L 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) e4 J+ c8 V; {; Q" W' f 173. Nonviolent occupation
1 ^( [% V1 U1 N' y7 y! z% j: Y1 i/ B9 o
Social Intervention
# p+ [" C7 g' i: A% I: B 174. Establishing new social patterns# c9 P. P1 u% o5 o
175. Overloading of facilities* G3 \: s- e" u0 O% Y& ?# w; k: N0 o
176. Stall-in% c3 B' }; v/ W* v
177. Speak-in+ _6 Q0 `( _: w% X& S
178. Guerrilla theater1 Z, z' N- F% N7 U Z
179. Alternative social institutions
) d! w/ Z S" O9 r1 _7 F9 y 180. Alternative communication system1 @1 p7 n! C/ L1 h' L
3 h' i4 k1 E+ M$ ~# p
Economic Intervention
( ` Z( V% Q# z0 b1 c: h9 u# I- Q 181. Reverse strike. _0 T& ]5 ]! W# R5 h4 D! L% _
182. Stay-in strike7 G$ U; Y' p: u) n
183. Nonviolent land seizure
% x- u+ W- r; }" _" u* ` 184. Defiance of blockades. g( E- k( [" N, _
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" U2 E: i3 X2 U 186. Preclusive purchasing
! n7 J* K8 W+ s/ q" r 187. Seizure of assets" K1 \9 I, D9 E; K+ v) F9 q
188. Dumping
: m! l% ?/ s4 r; T) @6 T; c& V 189. Selective patronage
4 n0 G+ ]1 I) {- C3 m 190. Alternative markets
. o1 l' E% p f- V. g: j. y 191. Alternative transportation systems: _* {3 v# M" V1 Y; k7 w
192. Alternative economic institutions
/ B3 Y5 ?3 d$ C: Y' Z+ r4 z6 i5 d* m4 ~/ E+ @
Political Intervention* N- d* ~4 Y" B# V5 C- a+ ^
193. Overloading of administrative systems5 a: s$ ^2 F' s2 ]! @: v6 T q
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) c: i6 `) j: [: [/ k) F% X
195. Seeking imprisonment
' l5 @* D" a( B8 A6 J" p 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* J2 v$ Q' S- t+ F5 }" ~* s4 t
197. Work-on without collaboration& H( m7 M' f4 {( s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
