 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& p- i, ?5 C) w1 l
Formal Statements
' x8 v/ |2 y6 Q" m& m6 Y* \ 1. Public Speeches
* `- ~5 s' o: T. ? 2. Letters of opposition or support5 c/ J5 F; x J% G! @
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: a, d6 a/ G" S! K" z
4. Signed public statements
: o Y3 I- v5 T+ ^% [" y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention; d3 S* C L. B% D- x: x( p
6. Group or mass petitions
( p' `# o/ T) ]; z+ L1 n s( b$ Z: I3 q; R1 _/ I
Communications with a Wider Audience8 V; [& ]! D( s8 H# I: {
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* q6 {9 y4 f( d3 A 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: ]' Z, r& Z$ Q* o+ n3 B8 g
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( u6 O, [7 _ J3 O 10. Newspapers and journals
+ T1 i0 T) B H; D- x 11. Records, radio, and television
" i0 I) m) R) _1 j+ [ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 r$ R' M! A- J# u! ~. K: S0 T$ V5 H
, Z* O; ~9 x) |4 L1 xGroup Representations3 y+ L. O8 ?7 ^0 H2 `: C
13. Deputations
7 x2 b: ]2 {3 M+ o6 a/ { 14. Mock awards
7 i) Q F# x0 S7 {; q 15. Group lobbying6 ?$ T/ V2 a* J2 Q- V- j
16. Picketing
0 }6 [1 j2 ^- i' W 17. Mock elections; u/ s+ i7 G. U
) s6 \. M9 L X- S; x P
Symbolic Public Acts
: N, u& r; Q9 O& v1 R) x4 | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 t4 K. m( _- K, @# A' l6 H 19. Wearing of symbols
& z" B2 j* J5 U. Y4 y8 V/ p 20. Prayer and worship
/ O: i1 U6 ?* h; f. d; e 21. Delivering symbolic objects/ t5 i7 \- r+ C3 ~! e) P! v
22. Protest disrobings
* Q" U) t+ P3 H9 F% A( e+ M5 X 23. Destruction of own property- ?0 R# f2 j/ h! w; M; ^1 ]
24. Symbolic lights
{8 R" k- {6 b- Z) g0 Q 25. Displays of portraits
2 c2 \2 W# i, v+ g4 Z. o9 m' B9 x 26. Paint as protest8 n( g% c i" H) P$ T0 ?
27. New signs and names
% J+ b% `2 ~! v4 g8 A 28. Symbolic sounds v7 T4 w, B* A% ?" c2 k
29. Symbolic reclamations& b1 g3 V* F% S4 E- O/ |
30. Rude gestures5 l! _: a7 D) q/ i% `9 N! R$ x- }
2 y+ ]1 ]/ p/ D0 o6 q! Y5 S
Pressures on Individuals5 R& u4 W" O! q4 w1 o8 }
31. “Haunting” officials
2 @$ C# N6 y( i! o7 a 32. Taunting officials
" E- k8 j! O/ T" r/ m5 V 33. Fraternization; q" k" C- _0 C! x5 ~( ?3 o
34. Vigils
! L. w; o/ R0 ]7 b. E8 e1 U* p) V5 A1 I( G+ v/ ^
Drama and Music
% U' e3 R$ i5 ]9 ~; Q9 S0 o 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ t }6 e& w% Z$ ~0 q8 l 36. Performances of plays and music; r3 W, w$ q: S3 ^9 m7 `
37. Singing+ V x8 b( Q, [6 r& L8 ^& x4 R
9 o! X2 G& j* C
Processions2 X! W( g( v( V3 W
38. Marches6 O. Q1 {; g2 Y4 \6 @
39. Parades
0 R6 {3 R8 V+ K; ~/ | 40. Religious processions- ]+ e. Y8 Z: O+ p
41. Pilgrimages
3 A/ y2 s( b w& `/ c6 ]: w 42. Motorcades7 X7 K7 x( a" }
/ p$ }! p4 d3 z5 _& q% s: \5 p6 WHonoring the Dead& L) o3 u& L8 q8 J( a ^8 Q \
43. Political mourning
9 B3 ? o; v# Y& K& v( g- c 44. Mock funerals
" o6 y8 N4 N7 A2 j% \2 u# h9 { 45. Demonstrative funerals
" ]! E3 Y; X; b3 S! \$ x( F& c6 c 46. Homage at burial places5 ?4 r- `: u* h2 o3 m G- Y$ Y2 y
. A7 x9 P& J1 iPublic Assemblies+ [7 t+ G1 S; W0 R! S* J
47. Assemblies of protest or support# N" P& T1 B5 u5 n$ c9 b
48. Protest meetings
l- p$ T: W. i) |1 w5 H5 U$ W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 U; Z1 ]' t9 }3 e0 U) I 50. Teach-ins& {) I4 M s! U) C6 ?
' N3 q: S3 S- }( @( Z5 HWithdrawal and Renunciation
- d6 L6 i4 u X; b# G, G 51. Walk-outs: M7 P! r& y* Y: H
52. Silence
4 w" m8 o T; |- x3 { 53. Renouncing honors
+ w6 ~: g G) R* D, _6 ^* X ~ 54. Turning one’s back3 s( E8 P" z5 Q h2 ^" @# a5 k
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z& J/ K+ O% B3 _, s2 k; q4 d
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
( b. B. B( x7 {) m9 p! d4 f/ s
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% H) W% T7 T5 G v) c8 t! r. P! {8 E# n0 D1 m6 |; q* z
Ostracism of Persons. f. A+ y8 ^' W, ?3 ?
55. Social boycott2 R9 M5 G W# {$ L
56. Selective social boycott2 u( e6 ^5 h4 Y. w1 J% B" A3 ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction% Y$ H# ^) F |. Q2 }2 M
58. Excommunication
8 N) t- j- c; a 59. Interdict1 x% p) J4 u$ m2 {6 O) w/ H7 _, c; k
2 G. ]. c) y! ^) n& }" z& YNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( R0 s+ u/ S# D/ L0 H 60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 w: K$ e: e0 Z4 Y( C: Q" V# k& S
61. Boycott of social affairs8 C! z9 ~; g9 V: \% A/ j5 T; x# }. o
62. Student strike
( n# Q' A$ U9 D0 [# i# w& r 63. Social disobedience) t8 B/ E/ ^8 `2 O
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! {" o" i# O: F2 m+ J/ E( O4 c' v
4 O1 u6 k9 N; ?/ fWithdrawal from the Social System
$ B! n" [, |! Q! j3 J 65. Stay-at-home2 b+ x4 p) G X C* U
66. Total personal noncooperation+ i! Y% G" l8 @+ Y* s+ o1 l7 d# z& P
67. “Flight” of workers
: i/ y& @3 N- B4 X7 m& L) s 68. Sanctuary
" \: d+ T5 u7 U$ V( J 69. Collective disappearance) D8 [& K$ ]* O* [
70. Protest emigration (hijrat): j+ g" D1 Z' S. s
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2 y+ @6 P+ v- JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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- @5 L1 v# F) S* [' @Actions by Consumers6 J3 J; {- D& j# b$ U
71. Consumers’ boycott
" E) |: G! A/ G/ R \1 [" Z4 C6 l 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ K, ^# ~1 o! z7 v$ B# ~
73. Policy of austerity( [2 r i" J- u" G* u% d9 H
74. Rent withholding! T, x f' v( I$ I6 N4 ^( l
75. Refusal to rent
3 Y3 L1 V2 t7 u- k! o( W 76. National consumers’ boycott
2 ^8 P6 J, [0 E$ t9 T 77. International consumers’ boycott
0 ^* w2 I4 K" G! J2 v, `% {1 W8 A( S7 m% { C; I8 a: c( N! l. @
Action by Workers and Producers
$ w- I8 u$ Z: y4 K 78. Workmen’s boycott
, p. S/ Z6 g) v9 z+ A 79. Producers’ boycott
: T0 m( C- P: U$ a' A; s# Y/ o; T6 S0 S! V" H
Action by Middlemen
0 L% G; f- A. B& e( K- s+ ~. a 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; X3 S: t& S. ]- A5 ?! g8 Z5 d
Action by Owners and Management
: w& o( E x$ G* |0 v 81. Traders’ boycott. V# x2 N9 m. X7 h# J
82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 c$ ^0 y! ]# X 83. Lockout6 l: i# O% G9 V# d4 ]: _4 P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- z6 d! `; d& s' N! D D* a. v 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 r; b0 r2 N! {- q6 J5 y
; f6 m1 ]6 b4 b: F* t1 GAction by Holders of Financial Resources% L5 h- P# G1 h* d
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& X3 w8 X. o# Z9 n+ L) |" w
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% h6 B# A7 ^! P" C" o r 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ ?! } q& j- x3 [, X4 b! j 89. Severance of funds and credit* b: N+ h; X& n; s1 m
90. Revenue refusal5 p6 I; m% W, A. t2 q4 x
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! V u0 I# p6 E; \/ d1 E( j4 P. Z0 X/ r' g1 Z
Action by Governments$ p6 X. e$ q, t6 r% F% P7 @' l5 u
92. Domestic embargo
7 m8 g& W0 T0 t1 ? 93. Blacklisting of traders
3 I; V! f2 ?* X. _, M7 Y+ G 94. International sellers’ embargo% s8 Q d& d' Z7 B7 ]. O
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ ~$ F7 J( i: Z$ n) } 96. International trade embargo
8 N' ^& A: @' \1 h& B* I5 X0 m$ Y1 b) X1 C2 t( z
7 {1 }. \/ B. G6 ]. v* p; k* n2 B' l
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 C3 z4 s O1 v$ G* {/ w8 t* l
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- u7 b! b; N8 M, h R; |
Symbolic Strikes5 B) n) K" W* U3 ?2 F
97. Protest strike
8 `6 J5 G7 Y1 T% Z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) Z- F g+ Y/ I# g$ f5 _3 _6 G) h2 @
Agricultural Strikes! T; f/ l, }$ F0 }0 K$ n
99. Peasant strike9 X, j5 I) m z! r7 u
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ ~8 L M# g7 x5 f; [
3 R' Y; B4 u- t7 M2 o- O7 gStrikes by Special Groups- t( j% D. j M" Z
101. Refusal of impressed labor, W! i) @& J+ n+ P" g
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 F8 G# u+ a$ X0 K! u" _ 103. Craft strike6 ^7 V4 c4 u- U. }" ^
104. Professional strike) M1 A* a( c- ~1 ^& z% j( `
0 ^. J4 W, v& m1 [: O5 v8 w
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
/ j' I# v& w$ I) N3 _4 A 105. Establishment strike
3 a9 J7 P2 G& c 106. Industry strike1 g5 p0 d5 q! K. d
107. Sympathetic strike" t O9 P- k& \. _1 ~
0 |8 r9 r0 S! W. ]6 v
Restricted Strikes0 |, [$ @3 s" N, K9 p
108. Detailed strike0 }8 H. n) A1 T
109. Bumper strike0 P4 F* ^2 D @0 f$ ]9 f# _
110. Slowdown strike
, R$ d, M3 @. z7 _/ f 111. Working-to-rule strike
/ G) ~. K# e1 n. q2 R B( N, Q8 r* y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 _( ?0 d( _& U7 R
113. Strike by resignation
" G' v/ h: m0 F3 n/ O0 o6 p* k 114. Limited strike4 G% f; m. l( I2 @
115. Selective strike
4 o. \! B9 A! D7 x! T
- m q) ?5 G6 ]$ B- hMulti-Industry Strikes4 k* M, A# I1 Y
- K! }* H. _! H 116. Generalized strike; P2 d* d: d- ?$ i
) n/ ^- Z7 X" o7 v5 D } J 117. General strike
! P) |. ^4 L! \/ ]7 u# @. l3 J# U, E4 J! F( |8 b
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 F4 c4 h1 M+ U E7 O) F" i
& O2 X2 h& k1 F, w4 |; y 118. Hartal
) z9 |! x! P0 C# n I- q( S7 ~. y/ [6 g. w. t" g1 D- S: t" j
119. Economic shutdown
% A# z% f% X1 v% e; z) N, k' b( \8 `3 p. D2 [1 e
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- J/ ], K, N1 f' s, STHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" I2 q5 A- e0 J. f" {
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2 `. S8 P G7 M O. URejection of Authority
, }( `4 c, t% ]" O& } 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 c3 t% q7 S& [# R 121. Refusal of public support
8 |4 [. H7 J7 r; p 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; L3 H, k+ P- z7 v8 y. H- W0 b
" V7 v& ]7 v. h! t) T- [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) V; s! J8 z7 w5 T- M- \2 d 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' L4 q& W5 C0 y+ M 124. Boycott of elections
- J! `' X0 I$ {# P6 I% S 125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 n8 z$ ?3 W R1 q+ S
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. i1 O+ O$ N% G! ^. j 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) S# v- O6 M; d. i 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- r0 D9 O$ ^$ W, H
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 W* ]2 p0 }3 b* o) t
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! z3 ~# M8 B& A' g' V, E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 J; u/ [- m0 Q7 I2 a% `
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ q" B0 u/ O) |# H5 R# s# Z; z
0 B6 I( t. }* F* D" h$ W5 [- H3 F- }
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 W, s7 K. z7 d 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ ?$ b7 X; E; x1 N 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ j* G4 D1 r8 Z' K" }
135. Popular nonobedience
8 \$ G* }, A2 y9 w 136. Disguised disobedience5 n1 e4 t$ n/ W- ]2 y' I, u
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ L% m! b$ ^, X9 r# E
138. Sitdown
5 x! O5 i4 ?8 m+ Y5 S! k 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, S! v9 @, L/ a& }% X 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& ~' ^$ x8 i% F/ s 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& ^1 ]9 s! k& E e; ^0 M* Z" R: a, c8 G) ~. i, D p
Action by Government Personnel
* t e2 T$ g# d. B2 m6 i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! C1 H8 N% q* s: Z! G0 R- q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* |9 p6 l3 a/ b/ {* z# c+ K 144. Stalling and obstruction
8 K% V. T) c+ W5 l 145. General administrative noncooperation5 @- o. t& Z+ F- R1 | L6 Y# a
" F. h2 J) e+ ~3 T v+ \0 p 146. Judicial noncooperation
1 J3 \- y' x$ L$ D 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) K4 a) O T! m! _& t; Q
148. Mutiny
" R. z2 O/ U! E2 m m5 C/ dDomestic Governmental Action/ f( F$ \8 n4 A9 r0 R1 I% [/ ^
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 x8 L( g& @- U
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 E5 i' s9 z- j
+ `( f1 ]1 e" k/ Z, o; o; H; MInternational Governmental Action* M# p' u3 k3 K/ x
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- G# t8 G$ k$ u5 Z* P9 @3 ^ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 ~7 b" r7 O' v- k0 g$ T# q1 ~) z
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) O9 b) `, T6 e) r0 {. V
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) B: N: |! [3 ?% Y4 @( x 155. Withdrawal from international organizations: ^: V/ b4 i3 K
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 ^$ X8 a% C3 i7 M! n8 T 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 a* B( y4 H$ I& K* D
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/ ~* G/ J& v8 E0 f8 R6 S8 u/ mPsychological Intervention! F" a4 w5 Z: E- x
158. Self-exposure to the elements$ |! U- @) c1 S$ [* u! M
159. The fast
& ~* j6 q# o3 Y* F6 l% x a) Fast of moral pressure
. j# t5 c% r% ~9 P+ l b) Hunger strike, I8 j0 j) U. n: | d
c) Satyagrahic fast- S! Y& s# L$ K1 g% j
160. Reverse trial" ~6 H0 z! ~7 Y2 h; Y) Z- e
161. Nonviolent harassment: n7 J' n1 f7 l; k; f
9 l ~: @4 B" L& B/ u9 i. L
Physical Intervention
( t% Z6 S: \6 b. p* i! ~ 162. Sit-in, ~# E% o3 q$ f2 V! F8 x
163. Stand-in+ v* I Z+ E, \1 h0 [' K5 X1 w
164. Ride-in
5 k& ]7 w& b! z* d, j9 w 165. Wade-in
% U9 Y- {5 c" x; S( B( m. Z0 l 166. Mill-in
# [0 T% ]. D$ n! ^ 167. Pray-in7 z' G' Z n, @
168. Nonviolent raids5 B( t! o/ Q0 l# z, m1 G# [
169. Nonviolent air raids) Z# J* U# h5 H: y0 W4 W( {; |
170. Nonviolent invasion7 s9 a+ y2 ?9 f
171. Nonviolent interjection \/ Q9 w+ l9 A/ o2 R# P
172. Nonviolent obstruction0 S2 t1 J; p: l
173. Nonviolent occupation
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' \( v8 j |$ M* c- [- rSocial Intervention
8 c0 `* ^2 T8 [# N3 v6 N d" N 174. Establishing new social patterns
0 ]0 u9 N7 u, v( H5 c5 d 175. Overloading of facilities& c9 T! M g7 _
176. Stall-in
1 d. O: Y9 d+ v- v2 X1 L9 N 177. Speak-in- P0 K; t6 Z, q3 r9 Y, P6 z, R
178. Guerrilla theater
3 B- o$ z1 `' ]' E$ v2 B" c- @ 179. Alternative social institutions
7 B- l# K6 T. P0 j7 P 180. Alternative communication system0 x$ s- ]& Y ~3 K& J l4 K
7 v/ D' g$ l! m3 D7 }5 U/ I
Economic Intervention0 ~/ ^% K) K; Y+ J5 b
181. Reverse strike
+ D# ]( E$ _" n! o# o0 ^' q4 \ 182. Stay-in strike8 [+ t4 W/ U$ @6 B/ @
183. Nonviolent land seizure. a- X% M# u6 I1 G3 U1 ~) K
184. Defiance of blockades. ^' P5 W2 T8 r6 S# X- m
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) O X2 g1 i; M6 L0 \9 Z- S( o 186. Preclusive purchasing
6 @+ C- l2 `( R8 ~# X, C% v 187. Seizure of assets
, g5 r) t4 Z4 R9 j: {) B _/ F* v 188. Dumping
0 Y# t6 `+ j" y9 W 189. Selective patronage
) q3 ]$ H# Q( e- i, i7 r 190. Alternative markets( C( A( ~. \' y% i+ z
191. Alternative transportation systems/ e0 \7 [# c, B
192. Alternative economic institutions
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# G7 J! _: ]1 a+ A, n$ H3 c, pPolitical Intervention
3 R9 D4 H* |' X! L7 y1 H( O. o/ | 193. Overloading of administrative systems- x R3 y8 p' H/ R. |+ L& R4 X' F
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, d H7 n4 t9 p: N8 b7 J
195. Seeking imprisonment4 B4 \# W3 t+ C# q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 b9 [. b; @ m& c; |- W
197. Work-on without collaboration
$ o5 Y0 b' e# ~) Q/ X 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 y; a B; }( O" U: D3 Y7 b
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
