 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( U7 U, D3 s9 l% RFormal Statements" U5 c* f1 u$ r* J; w. E% U
1. Public Speeches. T6 T' @7 x9 t* H
2. Letters of opposition or support2 ^5 R+ k2 V! R) s7 N! O
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ j" F, @+ y1 z3 T' \
4. Signed public statements
7 _- |$ I/ \% S: B' B! B4 ] P 5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 p$ j5 e: e, q6 k
6. Group or mass petitions
" }1 z* ^" a* Z0 k- w8 n9 u, z- v6 y+ {: f7 x
Communications with a Wider Audience5 x6 y+ D$ T) |+ e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 g! R( P" }: ^8 Z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) @; G4 s& _5 i% W% B! F
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ L( A4 } y7 H( Y( H( @ 10. Newspapers and journals
2 p5 Y9 s. |2 ^3 q$ I7 ? 11. Records, radio, and television
7 T% D! n# R1 N* G) \7 m 12. Skywriting and earthwriting) b3 V1 {2 ^- Q) Q p7 L
0 H" `' X4 E2 [
Group Representations: {9 S7 o" v' ~% I
13. Deputations' `% c& \* |$ Y$ a& d
14. Mock awards! x; B5 E8 ]% c& V5 w, n, p. y
15. Group lobbying9 G" F$ ]" S' B- L! {' t
16. Picketing
5 i5 a6 | ?1 n! X& ?. o G 17. Mock elections: U- C0 o( R/ m
4 Q7 P; v/ F! ], q' K, ?( E0 \1 }Symbolic Public Acts
0 o. L- E+ O+ y9 |# m 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 |" C, b, V* p/ ]# |
19. Wearing of symbols+ T! o. `6 R W# V
20. Prayer and worship
2 d6 V" S+ T2 t/ C- g3 {* x6 ~ 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 Y9 X$ c2 k+ ]
22. Protest disrobings/ e- f4 a3 i5 [, d* R
23. Destruction of own property7 x: H6 K0 `9 R k; Z5 l
24. Symbolic lights4 _6 h2 n+ f; }( H# J
25. Displays of portraits
# V( L# w- j p0 o3 j# x 26. Paint as protest
5 b; ]6 G; p. s6 d 27. New signs and names
" U8 n k8 R+ d4 E+ V! f 28. Symbolic sounds
& I' G. U" `+ B! \1 Z0 Z1 { 29. Symbolic reclamations/ a$ y- ?) e3 \- X" [$ L
30. Rude gestures& w) s8 B0 x5 J- }/ W+ C
( f- o) z) c" `% y4 V& fPressures on Individuals
4 Q: }$ E$ p, \/ C6 A: ` 31. “Haunting” officials0 z/ g, g, [( e! K$ Q
32. Taunting officials) r) {7 t; @+ L6 t
33. Fraternization) |( P7 ?; U1 i) D
34. Vigils. k- W5 S4 A. ]0 o
8 U8 S' c; @9 V6 {: t
Drama and Music
6 c+ d1 B$ m8 d( d; h 35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 ]( `, ^) w4 }) |2 d$ g 36. Performances of plays and music
3 X' \0 T0 }$ b# o: X: Q i9 T 37. Singing" d8 c- I/ m3 a
4 Q) G3 U+ }0 Z5 _$ s" mProcessions" m0 V: w1 X* \/ r
38. Marches( |5 p8 W& c# a+ f4 K2 C
39. Parades/ h( Q2 Y8 l# d8 Z/ U: J
40. Religious processions
u9 X3 I S. P: q2 v 41. Pilgrimages
. P( H" V7 O! |, y- v 42. Motorcades0 ?+ c$ q) s9 x, E9 d- l4 w0 `
% i b6 D, w; W! J8 s7 h0 s1 `
Honoring the Dead
/ b/ S- U% E, ]: t" v" B( o 43. Political mourning
4 n& o) g* J6 @! d/ \3 ~7 E/ t" ~5 M 44. Mock funerals
$ v" H C* W' R, v6 q f" ~ 45. Demonstrative funerals1 Q' Y8 d8 O8 G9 N* s, F
46. Homage at burial places
4 R, X$ _1 R& ?0 @1 [8 P a3 [0 _
5 E. ], U7 k; S! PPublic Assemblies
5 Z8 G! z! E' g# m7 t 47. Assemblies of protest or support
, c! D* M3 M/ {9 e6 W 48. Protest meetings; L! F/ k8 d0 z6 a% d
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) X! ] a% B7 M$ p1 o 50. Teach-ins
4 A0 \; r9 J+ g w7 {7 i3 A* p/ N, |) I3 q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 {9 S9 G, p( | 51. Walk-outs
1 W- a9 ?) x( I& W5 _+ A 52. Silence( N: {1 E e9 S7 B$ ?/ m4 i
53. Renouncing honors |* Q1 g( s' k* v5 R
54. Turning one’s back! Q, b1 j. c% p( t# v( x4 Z
% R4 K1 m- l2 H+ | T
$ F8 {$ E' ^! m9 l3 E9 o+ a1 J5 m. z. w, h1 p
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" I8 _2 j2 B0 o' t$ v$ X* m. g
" @9 b3 c7 T) ?' u' Z9 |& V
# H" }& n8 H3 G# T K* N& E
) s# L' ^; v) i$ z; D. _Ostracism of Persons( B0 [6 M) e6 D6 [' B
55. Social boycott/ a* n9 X- [. L+ c. G
56. Selective social boycott
& F: O/ @! O; t x1 S* d1 a 57. Lysistratic nonaction5 @4 V1 G% `! K h" t. b
58. Excommunication/ l+ {; h; G' [
59. Interdict- [9 P. Y" T8 q9 Q9 t: K5 T% m
2 p( E" x9 i% M' i+ n7 ANoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 ~' X1 v" v& @; {
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 m7 ~) R9 [$ c& Y; ^3 X2 g+ I
61. Boycott of social affairs
, ]( w/ J8 S* l! m0 Q& k 62. Student strike
3 _5 Y7 {+ ^; D1 v* z% B. R 63. Social disobedience( p Y, E" P) t- M7 d& F. Y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 S/ q) r% Q6 _; @' M. k" Y$ v2 T
% C# p/ p4 C U1 bWithdrawal from the Social System
5 x, t' D: |7 n 65. Stay-at-home
8 f& N. u+ ?1 b1 x9 q 66. Total personal noncooperation8 a2 {$ a+ H1 T
67. “Flight” of workers# V+ t9 k9 f# C- T- A0 y
68. Sanctuary0 _( H) s& p" j
69. Collective disappearance, D0 t7 {6 ~% B% h9 |
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" T6 ]' v2 w9 q0 v
& B& m' ^/ P+ j T# j % j/ F! a, Z* o ?4 s+ P
Actions by Consumers
. i/ p1 h! q$ ?" b 71. Consumers’ boycott+ f5 Z- P7 Z/ c' d' {( }8 D
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; d- L( Q+ w* K, H" }" q, M7 b# A 73. Policy of austerity) ?6 V+ K: k; w
74. Rent withholding: R: t) f3 n- h
75. Refusal to rent
: {( @' Z! V M1 m* q 76. National consumers’ boycott
% Q# b1 I) ?% n# K/ ?# U0 v 77. International consumers’ boycott
$ k9 G. H4 n v; V6 Q! l4 F* o3 F
Action by Workers and Producers
5 I. h, D, j8 B# a 78. Workmen’s boycott
3 ~9 Q( a7 U0 ^( {( H4 Y 79. Producers’ boycott; V& K+ i' d: F- P) I) n1 h& E' i
' Y/ t: z# _& G. \2 \# @Action by Middlemen
# ] }: N4 O# }) M6 O 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' D! x" O% k) e$ M# K1 D8 a, C+ f2 T* k' u& ]$ g4 P6 x
Action by Owners and Management
0 |9 t& B) m! ?' D' @ 81. Traders’ boycott- L: C! \$ z+ e6 m' P8 i4 ]* J
82. Refusal to let or sell property
; u) q" b# K. F! H l% O4 \/ ~ 83. Lockout
* Y+ J) y% r t. n 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 g, Q- b# C/ P6 s' e2 s 85. Merchants’ “general strike”# v# W9 r$ F* P* z
+ J: L: r" R1 e( k+ I4 tAction by Holders of Financial Resources( O. E" l3 q- ~* I: @ t5 S$ b
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) W1 Y3 l9 L! l$ O8 r 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ C/ \/ [/ Q. P6 i7 q; }! n
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. ]6 r M. w( p 89. Severance of funds and credit
8 @; E0 ~& f+ O+ ?0 v* T- \ 90. Revenue refusal8 g) z$ {5 g) ^; I) D
91. Refusal of a government’s money" U1 [1 j t8 }; w/ x$ ?
8 C' c, ?0 S. k6 g/ ?6 d0 AAction by Governments
, f1 B+ \4 e* U! W0 h, l$ V 92. Domestic embargo# G; J: w) K6 R& i) B
93. Blacklisting of traders: }+ @/ h I8 x1 ~" e
94. International sellers’ embargo# [+ z% U/ ?1 v& J6 Y
95. International buyers’ embargo
! S* R. Q/ i0 A 96. International trade embargo# @8 }/ b3 l( n- \
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# R% @5 n2 e, T: n; C
]5 _( I9 e7 ^- C. p
2 j- l) l! D, z0 U, u, l' XSymbolic Strikes
( J$ }0 R- i3 G* a2 l6 t 97. Protest strike
- T0 j) z: L6 z) U) ^4 ~- f/ N 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ G% L2 o# h2 z B5 [$ I
0 x; W7 N4 j: S( r; G
Agricultural Strikes' \9 e' \0 ~/ W' f3 h
99. Peasant strike
$ F' z3 O1 t2 z' W. t) f 100. Farm Workers’ strike# h2 l, y0 A, _- \4 w% ` W O+ z
3 V! h9 U9 L$ WStrikes by Special Groups
+ E6 i$ W9 R* h4 x 101. Refusal of impressed labor
% U1 h9 X) L% J! C 102. Prisoners’ strike" P3 h2 W1 [0 A0 F4 ~
103. Craft strike0 t1 t/ f2 L& Y7 r0 L
104. Professional strike% A& ?! [! c# c3 ?' i
1 V7 F3 l z) B
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
8 Z# }+ c+ l% I8 ]6 N h/ U: p* { 105. Establishment strike5 \+ k3 r) W3 m- v. Y
106. Industry strike
/ r1 h- S z8 ]: o' }+ p 107. Sympathetic strike9 J# T r$ G) M+ e, N/ z
! w+ v8 j* f" L
Restricted Strikes
8 ?4 g" Q! d4 G J 108. Detailed strike0 \7 I7 [* z( v Z4 p
109. Bumper strike
# M& C/ v4 v% ~$ | 110. Slowdown strike* S ~) |* m+ R
111. Working-to-rule strike0 {8 B. |5 [4 c8 u) A/ n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' h' q6 P, _# u ?* x 113. Strike by resignation9 M7 B" C1 @, P
114. Limited strike B, h% ~/ W* S; D, |2 _1 s, R7 [
115. Selective strike, w2 I0 W p% t. l9 t% O+ s
; `0 @" U S, B1 NMulti-Industry Strikes
% ]% q. o1 ~7 m& S1 I' g
6 S+ D @9 r# I* X 116. Generalized strike, w& }2 b6 Q K% P6 _: a& A; _
, ~+ G& {) J& X9 m 117. General strike1 `; @1 z: ? M7 Y8 u3 Z" x
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
" `# C0 r7 b- A/ S g. K K) V* _' J4 y N
118. Hartal* ? f! R5 q0 ]' z6 x
( c4 b: K$ ~7 q1 v$ J; V 119. Economic shutdown
" R3 C) j, a. x6 o- B0 v3 C% g1 v+ m( i7 G0 ?5 @! L0 g. i
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ L4 h" i `1 m8 @
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Rejection of Authority- b( i5 x; S4 J6 g
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" W1 G B8 A+ p, y. z 121. Refusal of public support
+ z0 m9 I* u% `* @$ g: y) |$ [ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 ^+ B# f% J9 p0 X3 V/ i
$ J% R/ A5 L+ V) d6 LCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% W+ V! J1 ]( [5 y x 123. Boycott of legislative bodies( \6 }) ]" r' u" w0 W6 e0 O4 c& r/ N
124. Boycott of elections
! R& ~3 f6 u! r 125. Boycott of government employment and positions: A8 [' [; b, Z; {0 i
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# [; Q# A0 u! z5 y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& i% _9 V3 n% ^9 @' i
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 Q( U; q, J5 f1 V0 n/ O
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 ^, g9 x0 \, p6 H/ q# E 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 Y9 M$ C# ~% H% X! a/ x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& W2 F# P1 q/ |0 H) g8 e0 n$ F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 x' W. w% ^: C' _
2 k/ E0 t& V4 WCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 O& f. y1 t& }7 V
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; o9 I+ u; a8 o4 o' e2 B9 F
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 U3 M+ D7 v. ?( {& b 135. Popular nonobedience) c5 X0 L+ g( m$ i! x
136. Disguised disobedience+ e, B5 ~/ _# W" M2 A
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) C. {. M ~: r3 m* Q8 z! b! K0 b 138. Sitdown
5 y) H* n$ X4 P2 h 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# K; z# B( v1 c) C 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& X" `& {2 J* e9 \( F& k s+ p 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, K- b* a- m, t/ g/ i$ Q& ?! q C# K/ e" W2 A/ S
Action by Government Personnel9 @- s1 ~2 v4 L) u* [& l+ h
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides2 V {' s; O3 ?, l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information- q- J, ]5 ]" L
144. Stalling and obstruction
" f4 W2 [: n3 q6 E$ D$ ~7 t) } 145. General administrative noncooperation, Q/ ~* D. L& _( v2 s7 S- }
`9 g% M v2 S 146. Judicial noncooperation# w6 A3 j- J8 R, J, I2 @' H$ l$ ]" _
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% C" S& y7 Y2 w( M" S- [) ]& ?0 y! m
148. Mutiny
# T8 f; {2 l# @8 W x% V& _Domestic Governmental Action
5 E, k9 [+ _5 B7 S) N 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 c2 o9 S6 U" E# F5 \, f. L 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: J4 H. }% c1 K: c* e6 I! V6 ~8 l$ a5 d
/ z; S; I# O1 r$ @8 H/ Q( @5 MInternational Governmental Action* `! g1 u+ c6 S; r! q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 J, |0 n0 y7 T9 n+ I" l7 k 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) m$ c$ ]9 Y7 D \5 S, ^" l
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 I. K( ~6 U$ D9 b/ K 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 q/ Q$ c* C% a. _ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 t1 ?) N, u" ^. A6 y# p
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, [. C8 B3 [* |% ^1 P- r
157. Expulsion from international organizations* q" O' }% l1 W0 \3 \
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. J* l6 E8 Y/ R4 W. sTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 g- n% w. i2 l/ y" V$ N
+ r6 h, y) R% `* o
2 {, z/ k' x! H0 I! `, d; oPsychological Intervention
6 p0 w7 e% u2 F, W( A; B 158. Self-exposure to the elements
! J4 x* G; h7 [. y0 g: ]0 x 159. The fast6 A6 C9 t4 f' c* T
a) Fast of moral pressure3 e* V9 W; o5 L0 r
b) Hunger strike
; m+ p1 T4 Z( k" | c) Satyagrahic fast
% e% t& N) N* F. T5 c* R. ~) d 160. Reverse trial
, A5 y! ]2 V; \' e: t* ? 161. Nonviolent harassment
" }' Q/ N' p% E0 m @/ R* U: y& c- p; g; @6 C
Physical Intervention/ B3 M) ~% X( l- ^+ t
162. Sit-in
* S# z' Q; \7 w& W- t! c, a 163. Stand-in
1 j9 i4 ]& X, H. ?7 }3 _ 164. Ride-in
& ]& h+ _3 U% |. P! B% H2 E 165. Wade-in
; K* O/ A/ B# U! i, \ 166. Mill-in- T+ [$ ^) t* Q' e- `
167. Pray-in
& h+ a& w8 D6 }: X1 f ]: Q 168. Nonviolent raids8 M# |2 O+ R2 \* E* a: b2 D5 y. @( x
169. Nonviolent air raids4 ?7 Q4 E8 k B
170. Nonviolent invasion
( M& v' x# x; v3 h/ `( h" \& ^' F' Z 171. Nonviolent interjection9 K' Q+ _$ ?0 q& I; c
172. Nonviolent obstruction. A. o' _- z) h" u! M$ n
173. Nonviolent occupation: P" k: U. w7 U% X' {3 C
/ v! h) X9 F: H, e8 b; KSocial Intervention* v; a5 Y x2 G# c5 a
174. Establishing new social patterns. H6 u. B9 `4 p1 {# U" a" l
175. Overloading of facilities
: \4 i7 B4 [7 Y3 h; W 176. Stall-in
% C. a: i# ]: l$ O/ e0 i: O 177. Speak-in/ z- [, n! X0 U0 N' g, N
178. Guerrilla theater9 p/ Y: s$ f& g7 v' q
179. Alternative social institutions( E0 h$ I+ h3 R! ]( [* r8 D
180. Alternative communication system+ L+ O. `4 W' M- m5 l4 \$ j
: ~( z& ^# j8 v& T2 y
Economic Intervention
; R" O4 `# v# v& T1 ]! C 181. Reverse strike
" M, N# f; ^1 N2 d4 F 182. Stay-in strike
$ @7 l% p% _7 j6 t% b; ]/ w! L 183. Nonviolent land seizure) |0 s+ t! k+ r
184. Defiance of blockades4 v- U, s# q2 t& c
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 h; \4 b' \( d9 G, n% U3 \ I
186. Preclusive purchasing p* \* |- c' H4 t# v/ ~ o; t2 y
187. Seizure of assets
6 E' o6 Y( `# ~4 v 188. Dumping
2 F, B9 c7 w# i+ }+ i N% n 189. Selective patronage- h. M- j# ?% }5 H8 D2 a* Z
190. Alternative markets6 i$ N' ^* S- {# u9 N2 d4 u, o
191. Alternative transportation systems/ o6 ^! z+ I T
192. Alternative economic institutions3 L4 f* F8 f9 Q8 L3 Z2 s& {
$ {' b- Y# H! B1 p
Political Intervention
5 n1 t" E, l9 {! ^0 H$ B& q5 V 193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 V1 m0 }/ f: Q9 Y$ M 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' J3 t8 K: E- W+ z 195. Seeking imprisonment
: L' [; ]$ m6 N! b4 G7 M, N4 B! D I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: w0 T8 ^5 A3 L# H 197. Work-on without collaboration
6 X. W: v5 q) X3 Y$ Q1 F 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 c! L; p: X5 C/ c
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
