 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 q0 X* K" J6 h3 ?4 I2 J- U" h
Formal Statements: Z# m1 U, i: B
1. Public Speeches% t8 @. c0 T U' B3 B
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 A1 l! L- f! r! Q% Y! N3 {+ i$ y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" D- _) Q5 F* K7 e* T 4. Signed public statements; j# U" f! W2 g4 K- t
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 a4 }) n6 `6 K! | 6. Group or mass petitions
! ~. K+ t6 U& f
8 G: U- H5 K8 \( t5 |+ ICommunications with a Wider Audience
* l" H9 x( T5 r6 e: j5 j1 X' a 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols `0 F6 V: Y" D
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( O% U8 }. V! O0 ]* r. C3 g7 c) B' H 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 G3 [/ u9 ]2 c+ `/ G 10. Newspapers and journals
' M# w# h( d2 T* {6 Q 11. Records, radio, and television
- U' i" t d6 o c 12. Skywriting and earthwriting! f+ e: E1 i4 Z: L) _
2 E1 Z1 c$ l) s! a
Group Representations/ I- v8 r: R' b4 {( D
13. Deputations
" }6 x5 n7 ^) `# A2 d 14. Mock awards& b! B; k, C# S) U" _# A
15. Group lobbying8 y5 K0 P9 I) Q3 t
16. Picketing
, e+ g9 B8 H: x 17. Mock elections
/ z3 p. s/ z* y4 _8 s0 P/ G% k1 W& U N- U8 D& o
Symbolic Public Acts
+ b% W( c) w6 E2 n$ s 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 B/ W' S9 J* c1 W P* `: ?
19. Wearing of symbols
7 z; D5 |- D; O& W% C' k; W 20. Prayer and worship3 V t# S i5 I O/ I
21. Delivering symbolic objects* ^$ m5 H6 V: ]4 i' x
22. Protest disrobings( [3 X# a8 p6 t2 f; ^9 @9 |
23. Destruction of own property+ E- N: E- m/ Y! h/ F4 I6 S7 \% @
24. Symbolic lights
/ K: n2 S) n/ ~3 v 25. Displays of portraits+ m" C$ q* W; F+ d9 h
26. Paint as protest
7 l' u% X `5 q) ~) W' H/ e 27. New signs and names* Q: e7 ?! a+ t6 X H- J) v
28. Symbolic sounds7 T5 R5 I# G+ l4 Y. Z f
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 f8 T" c! y+ d 30. Rude gestures
) t6 O! H4 V4 f+ G$ b! c0 |$ p. c* j- ^0 K& n+ b1 m4 r/ i
Pressures on Individuals
/ d7 C0 D5 q7 B7 \( q. q# X 31. “Haunting” officials2 H$ i+ @# `4 w; C1 K
32. Taunting officials
& t' ?. d. _! {- }8 b" n 33. Fraternization
' D2 M; O4 [# o- i3 g 34. Vigils" F. t" C! X) ^4 K s5 x" z9 E
/ g5 P, i# k* a4 W5 t
Drama and Music
9 [5 `* k. B5 ^; e 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 V' G X2 p d! J9 Y5 K2 @: @
36. Performances of plays and music6 E' G: ?2 Y6 W. ^1 o" ]/ H& @
37. Singing; y9 D8 o \) ^+ G; B7 }3 N
8 h" q) S2 `, f- P. \3 D, [. vProcessions- U5 r/ C; e- ^# s# P
38. Marches
- q, |' h, v( A* N- o; E& j! Z; b 39. Parades. G, P( t/ }- a9 O5 X6 W( y2 D
40. Religious processions) S8 L3 h% H8 n' Y
41. Pilgrimages
V& F& ]9 J% y' C7 I/ \ 42. Motorcades2 K4 L- g: u0 h
% d/ U) W' r8 ]1 s
Honoring the Dead
+ y) @) X9 {0 H7 F5 f 43. Political mourning7 v$ Q0 b2 ?2 m8 W3 Q0 o6 ^- d
44. Mock funerals9 f8 R: D$ K7 j) H1 C; V
45. Demonstrative funerals
|4 H1 w2 `" B( ~; s 46. Homage at burial places
^5 H; {6 L. K0 I1 v+ e) O$ |& R$ o7 {
Public Assemblies F" H; v1 s' O/ C5 w6 y
47. Assemblies of protest or support K5 l9 h8 E# P
48. Protest meetings u* L/ L2 l, W0 g6 {3 g
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" U% r+ v4 _! g& S t 50. Teach-ins3 d, {9 T8 F8 e
+ Q& x+ E. G+ U7 f
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# E- N G8 G d2 l 51. Walk-outs( S2 R4 I- ]. D! v
52. Silence
" G, A7 n0 j" g, s8 V0 w- ^ 53. Renouncing honors
5 d+ |/ \' R& x' J 54. Turning one’s back8 V$ z% f! B1 y% u
u& A0 w5 L& t3 g; j5 r, [& X
3 p; _2 E# { W: V6 S: v9 _$ b6 H, [
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. i* Q1 [! e8 ?7 X; A
7 S6 R0 S: ^2 W5 Y0 b
/ y0 N3 z6 ~9 ]7 E. ^: Q2 R: L0 D" Y b, w' r7 `
Ostracism of Persons, v( A( A2 u$ U/ q8 j( V/ m
55. Social boycott
' l" i L7 U7 m9 s0 u, p R 56. Selective social boycott
* a! m3 b( h5 ` c0 K4 | a: I0 k 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 U$ X9 r: {# G, \. T
58. Excommunication
9 J" q* ]7 r6 u! N1 ]8 N 59. Interdict3 b' a2 T8 I5 r( F) r
$ l; t/ e+ l" ~7 b* n- L3 V' dNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; t! s7 y9 I) V. i/ b2 P$ a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. }& v9 }. h# ] 61. Boycott of social affairs; X+ Z. [! H5 w% k. `# q/ o; E
62. Student strike7 M8 k% q1 d. C& z9 `$ L
63. Social disobedience+ M, i; d; D/ h( ~3 o
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 V6 f1 I3 [+ L$ b, y- |8 f' {4 G6 x( ^; f) G; D! u7 a9 F, i
Withdrawal from the Social System' l5 b1 {/ V- F4 ~9 _5 q0 n
65. Stay-at-home
* S) r% s9 U6 P6 U0 L4 G7 p 66. Total personal noncooperation4 E. j9 x& A7 D1 ]3 v1 b- G
67. “Flight” of workers* m& R/ l" V4 i+ m! ?$ ?! W
68. Sanctuary
- d8 q7 m3 I8 }) N+ v 69. Collective disappearance
% c' R1 O6 ]$ e, p" H. h6 y' @: q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- D0 @+ C3 D- |4 B$ X
$ O8 R) n- v: ]" u
( V5 a& Q2 O# o
- A! k. \: z& V$ LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ O: S. S5 |. d' t o* p5 L
+ ?9 h9 v) `7 O! t( A" [
k, Q, ^5 W7 m" V* D* iActions by Consumers7 [' {4 v; E! B( M7 u, z9 w% B
71. Consumers’ boycott+ D4 k+ ~% {3 B
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- M. v% g% U8 ^1 f5 M
73. Policy of austerity
5 A, R3 {8 I3 @$ ]: u- g' ? 74. Rent withholding: i/ G" B. Q- X4 i
75. Refusal to rent. s. e! \6 m, [# k! M J3 {
76. National consumers’ boycott
; c1 S! @; ~% _5 D& o* H 77. International consumers’ boycott
2 v" J% z; H- B+ j/ f7 `* @: \. |1 ?7 J7 m: N$ |- }, u. Q
Action by Workers and Producers9 d) d5 V2 Q. L4 O A3 ?
78. Workmen’s boycott8 m; T* I. w; B* }7 t# G
79. Producers’ boycott
7 t# G* Q% f; c& Q {( Y+ `- p5 i, C4 i7 ]+ H
Action by Middlemen% M% ^& n' Y+ R: K# z. n* ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% i8 N; V4 p" V- f6 I( u& m% _
4 I: u- I! ^+ Q/ ~6 bAction by Owners and Management
: H6 b' _3 ^6 @" L 81. Traders’ boycott
- k( ]2 N2 C8 f3 h% S- ?: t! u! P, A 82. Refusal to let or sell property
' N& p5 ]6 I% |5 g, \# k+ n 83. Lockout
3 Y" v" m8 `" Z) Y* ? 84. Refusal of industrial assistance: G; W" m1 f, Z7 P, C9 D l
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* S+ ^+ V+ g4 x1 H4 K
J+ x: ~) B. T" g! r) R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
9 Y1 p' W) l4 B6 } a6 A 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. s* o! d7 ]/ T, Q. S
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' \; S# Y7 \2 n7 F1 t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
2 k. G6 j# i( D( }4 M& N M4 p. x 89. Severance of funds and credit
: f0 S1 ]& }4 s; ^/ C X0 F+ D$ e 90. Revenue refusal4 P# v- o* r8 X# Z8 N/ g5 z
91. Refusal of a government’s money; t8 @ g; g/ e
6 B# {6 a* x s8 TAction by Governments% D) b' w% \6 i( U# G" J8 K8 W
92. Domestic embargo
) O# l0 o8 K, \" q- X 93. Blacklisting of traders2 ^% o, Z$ ^% d9 `2 D1 {
94. International sellers’ embargo# z$ k: `. W) O- Z( X8 T7 y
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 P9 s9 t* s& X' Y) |! n9 {2 \ 96. International trade embargo; x! v( R1 ~7 l* `" r) C- L" o, N
" D# B& `: n( C* U
4 r* {2 z0 y) R/ f) B3 E, X
/ {1 K# \& ^* a4 T! i) sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 L: `. r+ C, ~; k5 k
$ c. P( |( K; C8 ]5 H+ X: f
% H4 ]# T9 C5 k4 [/ [' HSymbolic Strikes
0 q/ y8 a5 A5 u0 m2 h) v 97. Protest strike
8 k! |. @! a/ Z/ Q8 \1 {0 m" X4 ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); _1 E# y$ C6 v, l6 |% s5 T! ]$ Q
( @; e$ M; [. F, T
Agricultural Strikes1 `8 r: b0 g9 t6 x3 E4 s8 ^9 U
99. Peasant strike4 i. J" q! R4 f: _, r
100. Farm Workers’ strike$ Q, @ B+ [- y5 H; K6 C4 U: a' H S
0 y8 v- E4 r8 Q! l% b* R( D
Strikes by Special Groups6 ~ O) _; j8 B, J3 m# ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 g {/ V, ^- u5 W. Z7 \ 102. Prisoners’ strike
, z/ z4 |; B. \, S9 A/ } 103. Craft strike
9 t* v( |- J0 T8 T 104. Professional strike9 @, [: }& i( {6 h
0 [, g2 i5 F% E$ B. l/ c z, aOrdinary Industrial Strikes4 [. o8 y* t2 f1 ~9 n [1 ]
105. Establishment strike$ I X3 F3 _3 J% X
106. Industry strike9 P& V, a4 q$ Y. h/ y
107. Sympathetic strike8 a) h+ F4 P; n+ S( x
7 Y' ^$ m- ?) X+ ~2 QRestricted Strikes
' Y) `6 P6 y! s% [1 S7 h5 l) q 108. Detailed strike
1 q. G3 J2 ]4 A* X- {% P 109. Bumper strike
9 z9 M( \$ L* t5 [8 } Y% F 110. Slowdown strike
$ U3 e( O1 M/ ^0 \# }. e 111. Working-to-rule strike4 o% w# L2 e5 ?, D( ^
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ G5 L3 V6 N. I
113. Strike by resignation
% ?, k& p4 G; v h9 d6 \ 114. Limited strike
8 D6 P& M) |! s 115. Selective strike
/ o& Q+ I% L* |' Y6 j V9 }! a1 ]' _8 W- q5 _
Multi-Industry Strikes
. O& W+ |7 f3 [6 q$ I
# J" G+ x% R. ~% e* ~ 116. Generalized strike
1 F( U7 `" B! g; Q; B5 }/ W
- r: u. m% V: O* P$ A2 a" g9 `5 }! ~ 117. General strike
+ A" g$ J- C7 K5 [3 F, t
) A; \1 o# |6 n: uCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 T G/ M, l p' c Y) m
\6 `6 g3 Z B/ V Q4 u- i
118. Hartal
* t% M& z8 G6 m, u3 s {
0 l' h( x* E9 f4 k. W) s 119. Economic shutdown
3 N4 [$ |9 w/ b- T6 r
, f( n, N; h% b+ K7 z ; U$ K2 M) {4 I! W; c1 P: }3 H! t
, M% F- y t- {( I- D9 B& F r' C
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' t2 {& A' S( \ m# ]( E) c
9 A, o# N% K& |& d3 b0 a1 M% W7 K
: `6 N4 O% V2 L* n7 B2 [Rejection of Authority* r% b+ N0 j# h/ H, o0 d
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! G5 m, x. |# i 121. Refusal of public support
# x/ \- B8 | Y Q' O" S; i; C) y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance ]4 K. T* g" n6 F5 `$ `
$ {. e# K1 F# S' z u& m* m Q. wCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 [- `% f- j+ G6 x$ v8 l 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" [+ n/ i8 {. w5 y% R
124. Boycott of elections* n0 {9 {8 g. ] ?/ D* `7 x7 V q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 o7 N- X; w9 l% t& J) G. o 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( k) b& R6 N, `+ v' ^4 [1 M
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions T" g- [# c3 K* [! u n
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations! G+ [9 n2 U C9 I i
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 E- e. D* L# w$ v6 m
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks2 ~0 R$ r2 j' U: q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" N7 x: p$ p" i$ T5 D/ Y2 _
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ P( S8 C& S3 D1 J0 c8 p5 A
3 O8 [+ ^7 h+ S' H0 w; O" v- ?Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 R5 [! r: {4 r# A0 q0 i% P
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( y" w& m. u3 @/ |0 b6 } 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 F4 D) {$ @0 u: s7 N 135. Popular nonobedience1 X* f. O; d. X2 g
136. Disguised disobedience
& x7 I( Y% A8 E6 l# W" R% o# o 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 j; Y# G0 s% H5 A# ^, l/ ]4 `
138. Sitdown
' }* i1 @/ ]) r; o7 M 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) i7 T0 G4 h7 n$ j, ~6 {
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! l8 ?% B1 f U4 F3 w7 r 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" S! d7 `# ~: a1 F( S/ V* `' m6 B, g! N7 j- @3 r) @
Action by Government Personnel
1 z, a( G, b6 V9 @, i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* c2 W L' A( G6 u# B
143. Blocking of lines of command and information& ?7 g d, _- J
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 ?2 w( W3 I, M; D! Q J9 A 145. General administrative noncooperation
! y3 v- V0 o5 h: r* F8 L) p0 y; Q' F( q7 p/ Z4 Y% w
146. Judicial noncooperation9 y. g8 u% L4 e- }7 F9 J& H0 Q9 d! \
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ r6 E j: l. n; D3 L1 ]. v 148. Mutiny2 S+ ]/ h+ ^9 \
Domestic Governmental Action
! E% i5 M* W& ]+ Z _( Q& i& z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ W- d6 l$ h& m! F) k
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 H: d, N3 w( Y! \" a
. u3 c2 l! @- i$ jInternational Governmental Action w2 a6 y) b( J" S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ [8 Y$ j n8 S1 Y5 L$ ]+ ?$ v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 Z' m) t* y8 Z
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ X, o, p" L8 {: u7 @+ v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% O6 v4 t) i. }# z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations% Z4 l8 G% y) v6 [8 {; j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ v) p3 m+ i9 Z8 U7 q+ a% [ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
; ~- _: r3 X% |" O9 e0 w) c; o3 w) c- D/ b: j
* a% c; T! b* a) `, q
4 }$ Q# W; y e! K% h) JTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 U0 z- |' {4 i2 j& _
5 t2 A1 L# m/ q* `) ^) u
! e$ n- p# @% H1 D b- C
Psychological Intervention
- R5 j* K, x5 X( {, W+ }; c 158. Self-exposure to the elements& ~' Z. m# R; F" K9 v j
159. The fast
F t, J/ f) ], ?4 V* M a) Fast of moral pressure
% T! {( h5 Y5 U B3 \. d- f. ? b) Hunger strike
0 a6 [4 o i9 p) h7 ^ c) Satyagrahic fast# K" q+ W. ]! ^: g$ J
160. Reverse trial ?0 i5 q' ]7 W# ~$ n
161. Nonviolent harassment' c/ Y& f9 E* g) S1 z0 y
5 A+ m4 F* \6 J; i, r3 g' oPhysical Intervention
0 x) H3 `( t$ n/ {4 d6 ? 162. Sit-in
5 a( I. A$ D' ?5 x 163. Stand-in
7 H. a8 g* D7 f6 n% ^ 164. Ride-in+ k$ @0 O% k' X2 l
165. Wade-in
0 ^' y( P; Y: N. o 166. Mill-in
+ i0 \, c7 E1 ~* ?6 d 167. Pray-in6 J/ L. V0 i, L: j6 V" T9 ^
168. Nonviolent raids
; |2 z5 u4 |: ^! r, { 169. Nonviolent air raids" j6 B- L: ]2 S/ p
170. Nonviolent invasion
4 m: v6 b" K/ Q" y8 f! V 171. Nonviolent interjection2 g$ y$ K7 E9 Q4 G3 H
172. Nonviolent obstruction
6 ]" S# N: q6 s; L% n# B+ C* E* R( B; Q 173. Nonviolent occupation4 C+ M5 d' k1 j8 {1 E& z' c4 g
& J6 H) D: {1 J7 k5 g% o" U
Social Intervention d& V2 x5 V/ G9 P
174. Establishing new social patterns
5 w; I$ D$ r$ F1 l: k D 175. Overloading of facilities2 T m, d* l& b% ]' V" f
176. Stall-in7 ~' E0 M& F) m9 V" q
177. Speak-in
9 y: P1 C8 ^% W4 K. M8 H$ |; p' Y3 [ 178. Guerrilla theater
9 f- S! x- ?: E( ^0 b6 u 179. Alternative social institutions" H/ k) u L$ G9 P" g" d4 P
180. Alternative communication system
- u0 z/ W) w# h! X# @4 j w) u. h% c% Q- m. _& q
Economic Intervention
3 I% O0 A: U3 Y; {( { g4 Y 181. Reverse strike0 _7 s: ~* H, p( ^- I* Z4 e
182. Stay-in strike
# F+ t2 |& g2 B& p5 h- B* S 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 r0 Q) h: z S/ p
184. Defiance of blockades& |& |/ T) e, T5 _/ Y# I+ m/ b
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, Y% A" [, [! m, `$ F# J" m 186. Preclusive purchasing
: _) M/ y6 c$ j4 |( `0 m 187. Seizure of assets7 j6 U$ S s. F: Q* V
188. Dumping
0 Q* K) R4 T8 q1 e 189. Selective patronage
+ y; l6 t1 l9 S. s$ b3 F- G; } 190. Alternative markets
3 z& F" |/ l7 S' v( f1 }9 a7 n 191. Alternative transportation systems7 s+ L" a; J/ N$ E9 d' ?7 L7 s2 J
192. Alternative economic institutions. I: m3 K2 i' K4 W$ q4 T
% n# _6 H" ~" b3 b* q: E/ b2 R# i
Political Intervention% ?- m7 m% Z1 ?5 g
193. Overloading of administrative systems: f3 W" Y b9 K" A+ N% P( F- E- K
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 F& A0 p! |7 d$ A4 h
195. Seeking imprisonment
% |0 C, X' U8 E+ I" J 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 @$ p$ I2 H8 Z; D& y+ v" K
197. Work-on without collaboration
# Q! Z" x+ P4 ~! P6 ~* y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 _% E" [9 ?7 t- X
3 j" ?+ l+ n$ N! h; W |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
