 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ ?+ K& p" a _Formal Statements
- X5 j/ N1 ?6 {. l2 t 1. Public Speeches
% G6 f/ L1 e( u) ?2 A 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 s$ j# d6 A v! @" H9 r 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 x, d$ A5 X5 [. z% B( _
4. Signed public statements1 t6 \2 t1 F' `( h7 {: i- x
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ u- s% w7 X* U: P7 f- j 6. Group or mass petitions; [3 u. \. U/ E, t* Z
6 |/ ~ v+ t! l9 L G# [2 R* z3 j6 N$ L3 D
Communications with a Wider Audience; ~. U$ E- r9 j
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, ^9 m1 P& E) x h1 z, i# O
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* n& F0 e0 e" }! {1 P p2 l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' r5 E2 F2 S, m, y; }8 T
10. Newspapers and journals
2 h1 N6 R6 t7 k) p, K/ Y0 i 11. Records, radio, and television
% C6 i ? i( K; r" G" r 12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 X6 t/ s- _# }+ F- g
1 t6 e; l0 A. W0 _
Group Representations7 M# B' e3 {0 U8 c( O7 N# a9 C; o
13. Deputations7 q, s; o- F$ D$ F
14. Mock awards! n$ H- \7 \# k7 A
15. Group lobbying( t$ z* M( Y9 Y9 t! D* K
16. Picketing# S. J G1 T5 m: e" B; G% Z8 e
17. Mock elections3 `) l# X" S: G( N
2 n9 T' s; v% N/ v8 m, [6 P2 bSymbolic Public Acts
: M) u2 _7 ?; i' q9 g3 v 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
V+ k4 [& E1 W: l 19. Wearing of symbols
4 w# `; k7 W! o3 v( Z 20. Prayer and worship( U1 b# e0 m U+ @/ h( D4 g/ U
21. Delivering symbolic objects
" K- f# C% H+ O* z! s; b9 j 22. Protest disrobings A5 K1 S& i) L1 _" H
23. Destruction of own property& A, E: G8 @0 Z3 _, E
24. Symbolic lights
* n. Y. ?' [5 E' ^" X 25. Displays of portraits: p/ V: D2 R8 c# e) {6 H
26. Paint as protest
W, ], V0 A/ L& j7 G4 O4 o, }4 n 27. New signs and names
4 M0 f" m8 H/ C8 y% j 28. Symbolic sounds# @; w! o5 k+ `5 J. x( I; O
29. Symbolic reclamations& k3 [' r1 [$ W9 t
30. Rude gestures
o7 N2 L- I1 v5 \' x/ F2 J1 b0 L2 ^2 S* I( b) e# P& K
Pressures on Individuals
0 x U/ d# T% l9 K* m* I6 L 31. “Haunting” officials }1 ], L% H1 u9 S
32. Taunting officials7 s5 F& S* z$ D% B8 |- y0 _, y4 S
33. Fraternization0 L3 \( A% z8 v) l
34. Vigils8 }: L a F. i6 o
j# S0 _) L) a8 \
Drama and Music2 `+ o, Z+ h- L) X6 b7 p
35. Humorous skits and pranks7 H, j4 F- l& W9 M
36. Performances of plays and music
: d# D' X8 l; S5 J$ ]. j& E) U 37. Singing
$ P5 ?0 @1 S, s: E! E
$ O; m4 k" z' C v# Q \Processions
$ k1 M% y2 a2 s9 b& s8 f# W+ W 38. Marches
, |9 p' D! e7 h. p5 _ 39. Parades9 l9 K! l. p& ^
40. Religious processions
2 H' L+ ^( W* p* U L( G 41. Pilgrimages" |- x7 T5 g8 v1 `
42. Motorcades9 i* F( n5 `- `' A
1 {! _- ]! c8 |: [8 l
Honoring the Dead
& A5 P' P, z# \ \. l. i/ y 43. Political mourning
. s8 @5 V2 c# z$ Z0 E 44. Mock funerals
) }3 C8 E) q7 M: F 45. Demonstrative funerals0 [1 W M+ L% _3 D5 L7 w
46. Homage at burial places6 M- y0 W/ q# P0 g8 W
3 ?+ y0 M) N# L# Z7 Y: K7 P. |Public Assemblies
- S/ F6 I1 R9 u. G6 I) c 47. Assemblies of protest or support
- v+ K0 X5 h8 I8 w 48. Protest meetings9 @# W, h" `# {3 }# W
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest: Q T9 o4 n' s ?4 {0 f" p: R
50. Teach-ins
! K! _$ H6 N, ~+ X) V5 R; G5 L- X( B5 F7 x6 ~( j) P# {) P
Withdrawal and Renunciation+ s: j: q* d: l/ D) }1 `
51. Walk-outs1 i0 I. v0 c) t. @7 v' L
52. Silence
- v$ J0 k* a: P9 N% v8 {+ e 53. Renouncing honors2 N( i/ N* N7 m+ w2 }' J
54. Turning one’s back, o* Z6 `+ `1 ^4 T+ v
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7 y! {1 z# R bTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
/ }3 [5 R# i- {
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2 k8 [# C! \% L, H" l& [/ X
' B; f$ X$ G6 x& D6 }- {, s5 HOstracism of Persons. W+ O; u# N! ]. l, e- j( M
55. Social boycott
- R4 _& O6 l" P$ f 56. Selective social boycott
: J/ C3 \. j, [. ]/ u 57. Lysistratic nonaction
c1 ~3 F- c/ I/ t+ D 58. Excommunication
; N2 u/ @1 V# _9 l 59. Interdict" i( W. G- E! ?7 }
- s3 d1 k+ z9 M0 O5 \' W( S
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# A- [ k2 X7 d: h5 [% [ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 ^0 R+ o7 S( B. ^( h
61. Boycott of social affairs
, u# {2 ]# _6 a- w. H" M9 f 62. Student strike4 G& U/ H( Y( j" l
63. Social disobedience/ i2 h" U4 d3 e; z7 d( S
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
/ r0 W! p; @9 [3 _' L. Q# F- y8 C% J2 j0 C: j* }
Withdrawal from the Social System' W# j6 o( |/ f/ C! @
65. Stay-at-home
; ^# u+ p2 d$ f" M w, @6 g 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ r0 }% g' _5 I! H# Z 67. “Flight” of workers- i5 O* t5 X7 _9 l4 V& T% p5 T% \. c
68. Sanctuary
- o* b, B; \6 g0 n 69. Collective disappearance
1 e3 a9 N8 b* _! _$ |5 M. m+ k2 T 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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: m; {$ C1 `5 b, j' b, x: pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 T3 \7 ]( ~7 q7 }3 J
5 \) p- C1 g; Z9 W1 u" J
. R( G( c, \ iActions by Consumers
% w% k, H. ^/ j8 U4 k+ W 71. Consumers’ boycott
- o6 y0 P) f) _1 ^" e5 i! k 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods D1 |+ V+ d q: P) Y
73. Policy of austerity
$ Q/ S9 Q) N6 D2 I 74. Rent withholding
' [7 t3 Z2 x8 y" t. a4 r 75. Refusal to rent: q: J6 g, d% ~( f6 i4 U+ C0 |& y
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 l* K- w) t5 U' T7 J5 j4 n 77. International consumers’ boycott: @: C, H) |$ Q1 S+ {6 f5 x# U
. B$ [. S H2 }, c. X
Action by Workers and Producers
1 o$ f( ~8 X; c/ h- ^# T; w 78. Workmen’s boycott8 |: w1 Z" ^) [: z+ F
79. Producers’ boycott
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" \; l5 ^8 {7 O! hAction by Middlemen% Z" j$ ^% F! Q* M% L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 s1 d3 L6 c1 r- E* ]) h
# n# Y& g9 ^! B) e+ Y ?- D+ oAction by Owners and Management
' T% @3 @1 q8 p 81. Traders’ boycott! R' S5 m/ J N4 p
82. Refusal to let or sell property7 q- h$ B9 k- P2 V& {4 J
83. Lockout
' r$ L% O" z; _/ ~' ~ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; I& W8 c' Y* |4 [' N. h 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 g: B% r; L( E- c' f7 Z1 |: o! k( a4 b+ |0 g p
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& T, o# i$ Z. q6 i/ ~
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" }+ w5 V$ f7 Z( G1 L7 n 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ Y. E- j6 N) I" R9 q) J 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- y L2 o# B2 p! Z8 Z 89. Severance of funds and credit
! Z$ b, N3 h5 }9 G4 A 90. Revenue refusal
2 X( L' z9 K8 N/ o3 E, N& A- ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money- {0 Z; c( c& ]# Q8 R
5 f. ]: Z: z9 M9 c/ {1 i* U
Action by Governments
; B/ O& d# O- B9 A: H& ] 92. Domestic embargo
7 A' S% G3 {1 Y" } 93. Blacklisting of traders
; U& q1 X8 m j4 h& t 94. International sellers’ embargo7 P0 p/ i0 ?0 f5 `* I9 F
95. International buyers’ embargo
4 Y! X0 K: C5 p# _- M 96. International trade embargo: s( N' L7 b% R
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5 e0 |) z! D: I+ C; O
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 Q" Q2 ^' c/ E6 \8 h
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( ~* h0 j; g: w2 w4 e# KSymbolic Strikes
/ I8 j r! g" P- \' b7 t3 I 97. Protest strike. b0 u7 C9 z* v7 F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ X9 ~4 Z1 x1 B6 ]0 a
* d- c# U8 i2 p+ f8 P) GAgricultural Strikes2 Q1 r7 _- Z0 c7 K2 E, @( x
99. Peasant strike, \8 F0 I+ E% z+ [$ X3 \
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ C$ a" I. i0 F8 c
+ s: ~$ m+ m9 c/ K% U; b) D
Strikes by Special Groups, ~( x: h# j: L1 g y
101. Refusal of impressed labor
& k; u$ v$ O7 i, \8 X3 d 102. Prisoners’ strike
) y4 m% t. E) P! y1 F \, [ 103. Craft strike2 u i$ ~$ k( F
104. Professional strike6 a. H( w- y& A- l! u Z
& @! E1 z+ ^4 W5 p% V: V2 ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes# c E3 I* p7 B* g5 [* B; E
105. Establishment strike
3 ^# m A7 K) ~ W' f 106. Industry strike
$ D4 u$ C7 B" j6 c8 U+ M 107. Sympathetic strike
3 w9 ?, Z3 c C5 H3 ^, Q& f, A, b) B2 Z. R* O
Restricted Strikes4 p2 P% G9 Y5 w- G
108. Detailed strike4 `3 |( Z1 {# e# Y9 F) m
109. Bumper strike
6 }8 g( B8 `. w; b& Y2 o: F 110. Slowdown strike$ ~$ Y/ W. Q5 J& B6 P3 K, }0 U( m3 O
111. Working-to-rule strike
$ C! L6 L- j8 W# a+ @' V 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 J% `9 p2 ?; S9 a2 `4 [% b 113. Strike by resignation1 @- ?; F- F) v& r9 |# O9 d2 H
114. Limited strike
+ h1 _: z; e! l/ X" W" b6 ^ 115. Selective strike
, q$ p$ \$ N: E3 U# l
( q" p' F. _- T( f8 EMulti-Industry Strikes
2 n1 c7 j# ?9 i
# i5 x3 t9 D% X. L4 f 116. Generalized strike
+ X# l2 |+ w9 w) o( r& @9 y4 @) C
* ~% V+ [2 i2 ^7 j* U) F1 I; \. r! ~ 117. General strike
( w, W( g6 e9 {7 ]+ D. m/ p% H( y+ P4 j2 T- e! |
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 U1 @/ ]+ V$ c ?+ c. N& ]( b5 S2 y% q# I# c" w$ Y
118. Hartal6 v6 r. J( e5 s: ]6 L1 c. \
$ z. }" i7 E0 m* ]7 V+ V4 x" Z% N 119. Economic shutdown4 P: s! L6 W; `+ U
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- f0 ^! K6 ?$ m: N" J& C% ?# Z4 @$ s. o0 _( H' ?* e! ?
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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. i2 Y4 N# I! d. l" PRejection of Authority
) L$ X% s1 P1 j4 U 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* \9 P+ ?8 n& N; s. k 121. Refusal of public support
" d8 N& U9 v3 B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) b4 Z5 n' k6 S; S; F; ~5 n" S8 Q8 t2 @+ }! c) e7 G! {( w8 ~. w
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ U7 j" u5 j. S1 i4 ? 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! Y$ t, i( [& V/ L W; V4 { 124. Boycott of elections
3 t: ]4 b8 x! R) T# }* R! P 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
/ U/ v; |# K) \7 S7 d& F7 ` 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" \& E( t7 _) y- p' L$ Q" M
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" O7 E! u: \7 q: B 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* J$ i0 i: C4 i7 {; b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) K( c+ h4 o* C. l. o* |
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; Q) N7 l5 b( V3 J. Q. x/ {
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. n$ a/ w9 ~0 T 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. @) _$ l8 Q/ p+ A& v) x, n6 `# e) N. g4 L' D
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
C+ o; U" b% M0 [9 ? 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 z, R9 N& t; }! Z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* ]. w2 d8 c. {5 F& V7 f4 q! j 135. Popular nonobedience
) Z8 Y: T' M! a) N2 z& w 136. Disguised disobedience6 z- M7 P" `% e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ J. Z# A! |6 g
138. Sitdown2 y3 o1 C$ m, N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! B! z0 e1 u. B. u2 N* @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& X! e; h9 V! z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 {# h e1 U9 x- g5 H9 h6 w
0 \ w, G+ j9 E8 W
Action by Government Personnel! K8 l" o- ]& m8 ]" L
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* ^ v/ K2 Z. B' _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# Y: r; h$ L0 I1 {- z
144. Stalling and obstruction
' K& ]! C6 {4 \4 ?- m 145. General administrative noncooperation( d/ G5 W7 `# X3 o) I
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146. Judicial noncooperation
$ R7 U. f9 }* w& ?5 N 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& D- J. k/ t" D; M 148. Mutiny2 U! `7 b' u V2 H0 R$ B7 n( S
Domestic Governmental Action
5 P) ?7 y7 k* ^0 n$ f 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' |5 c& D$ d0 f 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: z% H8 V9 g1 ] {
" Q) `4 N6 I- [# A3 tInternational Governmental Action
9 k6 l4 z+ _4 z- V* R 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ `7 |( B% ]- u9 Z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ n* R6 |1 A. P$ Y" h/ W; {$ f 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition S0 s. s: d `" u' N0 o
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 P; ~( s6 d s$ Z) H8 h1 t2 F 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 J7 J$ A& d+ Z& D7 d* C2 } 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 v1 Q& O. ~0 x% U- g" v 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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* ~6 P5 _( s% ]2 @0 f5 T! PTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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4 L% K1 `8 u) \( c+ `& I0 x
Psychological Intervention
4 A: X8 B, X u- l5 x. ~ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 ~6 H8 w9 z. Y! H6 ?6 r5 R 159. The fast
) W; V- i' P, K! K s6 k- [, U a) Fast of moral pressure4 v" g+ P9 e4 z- |! R. t
b) Hunger strike
/ H& ^6 a2 H2 t: |1 z5 E c) Satyagrahic fast( \0 h# `+ |1 ~8 U8 ]
160. Reverse trial
* v' }! V8 A6 q) d7 p; v 161. Nonviolent harassment
+ R2 H2 ^- `- T; y& }% Y
$ R3 z F/ y s: iPhysical Intervention
2 a! Q5 R0 m. G* g/ `9 g* t 162. Sit-in- s4 k' { q; m5 `
163. Stand-in
, |% c$ k% S, e( c 164. Ride-in
+ d. u1 ~5 ?* H: v 165. Wade-in
. B, u1 v! G- O( z( N7 G 166. Mill-in( U4 U$ i& C3 C7 y: D6 V( q
167. Pray-in G6 ]3 d1 d( L1 ~" L. J0 Y }
168. Nonviolent raids1 h8 E! q) N# K% ?* n( q
169. Nonviolent air raids
) g; G( U+ e; a 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 ?; S1 p8 F4 w) v 171. Nonviolent interjection
7 N+ N4 M, f9 Y5 Q& v7 p 172. Nonviolent obstruction. r* r/ D9 u' J0 n% W9 g
173. Nonviolent occupation
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d* Y, N! o, I8 _Social Intervention
# F1 d0 l! P4 p v 174. Establishing new social patterns
3 p" L% k& ~; S* e: x( K 175. Overloading of facilities- O% F- S/ t4 |4 Z T/ b) M) p2 X7 e
176. Stall-in
+ n6 b7 Q' M. J8 ~% ]; p8 } 177. Speak-in
4 h, k% y; K; \0 X: i5 P 178. Guerrilla theater
' Z4 S" ^+ ^- n; f4 ]0 o4 y) s 179. Alternative social institutions. j; s- p9 q- p$ S
180. Alternative communication system& n! \' P, p6 d& g3 Q5 m
, z( ^7 x, a' m0 a D
Economic Intervention5 f5 ^4 c7 q$ a9 }
181. Reverse strike
- K* i. k0 D) s! F& S 182. Stay-in strike+ r5 q1 i5 s O$ @" {/ q
183. Nonviolent land seizure
( K2 N8 q* v& q( L6 }! A# q 184. Defiance of blockades; m" V0 ^1 K, `& ^% [
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' f# J( X! c# P8 X 186. Preclusive purchasing
* V* ^# C: j. w O5 ?: _( Y7 Z 187. Seizure of assets
' J7 Z1 W& w! t) U4 d3 B5 }. R 188. Dumping5 [1 ^) _. J: K
189. Selective patronage
# z, U5 X) _. i 190. Alternative markets
% W; W: N" G% ~% N! T8 v 191. Alternative transportation systems
3 X0 w& `8 u5 w1 f [ 192. Alternative economic institutions' {" c2 t; N0 m; l
) U. p& m1 j, @
Political Intervention
9 L2 ]% B* ?3 D* T% w 193. Overloading of administrative systems
( K: i% k) h- ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' A- P5 j! R* y& j j" M6 k
195. Seeking imprisonment
3 i" F; ~, o, t8 q* D 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 G n# U' [4 O9 @
197. Work-on without collaboration9 _" t1 g$ Q5 k% `0 v" |0 z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 g' N( X+ B! A) C. P/ ?/ m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
