 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 n# k4 M# k* ^. ^% Z0 {6 V2 J; S
Formal Statements- T& L8 x: Y: E2 K l. d
1. Public Speeches
1 O: t) u y9 s$ ]1 K/ F f$ e 2. Letters of opposition or support
- [/ t2 m' }9 e6 h+ o( C+ ] 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* G8 X6 R. n( G% W' o 4. Signed public statements
7 u" E) N; d4 n2 ?" v" h1 H0 G7 s5 T 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& R" x# B: }9 j. X5 \) @& Z 6. Group or mass petitions4 V/ q( Y. c9 o9 W+ {# }8 h
2 X9 F0 s+ ~5 e* N
Communications with a Wider Audience4 M! E& q& V2 W) W0 B
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 ^* z: P8 g# l7 q2 D
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ z% v$ g$ o$ o/ ]0 K! z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. f, p% o' h- X6 H
10. Newspapers and journals
2 @/ Y: @. [7 E" T( x 11. Records, radio, and television6 w" r; r9 v* g
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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: H) g4 R" }* p9 i7 F" t9 N5 U0 WGroup Representations& V, z1 Y$ M* x' [# l. Z
13. Deputations7 x% l" B8 A* E. ?
14. Mock awards* L. Q& X$ Q0 Z2 Z) M7 |+ {
15. Group lobbying/ n1 T: J0 q4 r& `, T/ I
16. Picketing
2 r8 G" M# E. ] 17. Mock elections
$ e/ V2 W( ^0 y& j! c8 p( u) V6 _2 `, J: e
Symbolic Public Acts
, l( n, g3 F/ W+ U8 ~9 S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* }4 i) _) a b5 Y 19. Wearing of symbols
/ q8 f% b$ B i) Z7 o 20. Prayer and worship
8 [- m9 J B1 s; B! V! {5 F8 i 21. Delivering symbolic objects
% }% f4 j9 S! ~# s6 y3 l8 C 22. Protest disrobings
9 J9 Q) o- _6 i8 K" r2 \% B/ r1 T 23. Destruction of own property
2 D7 ^- S, h) l, I$ |7 ?8 M! G 24. Symbolic lights/ }# _2 K/ _+ w% q0 L
25. Displays of portraits
% h8 B+ h# z0 e6 q+ l% b7 K 26. Paint as protest, b( h# e' A4 p5 y
27. New signs and names
' y; n" @% @1 a- S" D/ C 28. Symbolic sounds
* `; {1 ]+ X% n7 l' A% t) O Z 29. Symbolic reclamations
+ r* w& F5 r6 L- V, ~( V- ? 30. Rude gestures
1 {' Q9 l0 K; w* G6 H# |# D2 _! j- O: ?7 m8 k5 ?0 m3 J5 P
Pressures on Individuals
/ Z& J* p+ t* p! W- i8 ] 31. “Haunting” officials
- E3 Y h9 V4 P6 _ 32. Taunting officials
, E; d' V- P b, z* T 33. Fraternization8 o" s8 e: O' p. o3 ~# Y8 v
34. Vigils& J' r* V( v/ t& X {6 n
. T: n# l- ^1 M; ~8 v a
Drama and Music
% j, l9 Y" V2 D# ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
" Y# @: I6 M5 c* R( p& f9 { 36. Performances of plays and music( g0 w# h- F) x( O( z
37. Singing' A8 B- P( y( S7 C; `* \1 y! q
8 O. u( B$ D2 {% O
Processions
5 L7 T8 `6 m8 A% Y* w) t7 o4 B 38. Marches" W ^# }/ p p. O" w+ f
39. Parades
; b. u4 ~; W. F0 r6 m+ x9 O 40. Religious processions* Y: A6 d& q1 {7 V: v6 R
41. Pilgrimages
b2 b' Y0 O! J, E 42. Motorcades
& G2 ?7 a% L* }, x. ?5 F7 E) `
. z6 T" W0 u; W6 xHonoring the Dead
& }$ Y% c% h3 ]$ f3 m 43. Political mourning( F, W8 l1 r5 V$ p; T
44. Mock funerals
' u9 C9 m/ L6 `$ c' n6 o7 `& r% @ 45. Demonstrative funerals
3 C) f7 m8 d% x 46. Homage at burial places: V. P. E# _* ]/ w8 O# s
* u7 {$ T d6 h& yPublic Assemblies+ F/ G/ ^3 |) F# v3 R
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 E9 X! I# d- M% q( Q5 R7 U
48. Protest meetings
, x# s; w& ~$ V% ?" L" V 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ n# T$ Q# M v9 ?4 M- F0 h( I8 m 50. Teach-ins& T5 g9 v+ q+ p7 p; p) ^5 C2 p% g7 u
' |3 I# \9 W! iWithdrawal and Renunciation
+ X( v+ R- y N# ]9 @. t 51. Walk-outs
, H2 F0 e+ u) J; I, `( s 52. Silence0 O, P" P# q' H5 `$ M# \! \( y- w2 p
53. Renouncing honors
M. }$ v- f# ?( F 54. Turning one’s back- ` r v9 u) H4 M4 z
% }! w, L2 G: Z8 a7 P
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0 o/ y( \6 m* f; B. OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, L3 `$ U: b5 g: c# }4 w4 A
, O7 ?; y* p( {( R, ]$ `2 M
& O; T) T, L M6 i) }6 n
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Ostracism of Persons: R* v: V' a* L, a( b. t
55. Social boycott
- T& ]! }3 l8 W& R2 o' a1 X* l8 U1 A 56. Selective social boycott
( |2 @! y3 h- R" r, C+ E 57. Lysistratic nonaction
( M8 J7 P" }3 @ 58. Excommunication
& N; C% ^ C1 w% K1 `3 P 59. Interdict
% `* _! B I7 P; Y1 ~' O, E6 T8 _3 \4 `8 N4 c( }& D
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& Q# m) ^, v" a 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 P' Y0 D: S. A( v5 [9 t$ R
61. Boycott of social affairs2 t% }9 ?' q' b7 E" P
62. Student strike
/ M4 A% A1 n/ P9 y7 Z 63. Social disobedience
; }( d& ?% G& D4 L1 ] D( [; ]" A 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( [. D9 ]7 Y8 v8 z& n* _" d- Z* a; _
Withdrawal from the Social System
/ Y; W2 L) e; p1 @ 65. Stay-at-home% o3 `& G2 X; ?$ @
66. Total personal noncooperation' p ]7 v$ P; q7 ^( y7 n- B' Q4 s
67. “Flight” of workers
& A& c* z% u. z4 {! ?% k 68. Sanctuary
, H, }0 ^5 Z2 c6 ?. y 69. Collective disappearance
( |4 b* _$ n1 X5 F. t# p0 |, F0 D 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' a. t2 M* E( ]6 @
8 Q, R- i0 O( G' K( C; A; J C0 J+ ^
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, e3 F" |0 ~6 PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
, H% l* [( H: [$ j2 ]: ]/ X
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Actions by Consumers
0 b' ^8 G% N( I. W7 w 71. Consumers’ boycott
9 J& o8 U' d' Q; I# j/ @5 `% c 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ U0 ?9 w$ Y5 y1 B2 S* _; S3 A4 F 73. Policy of austerity
% n% Y7 {* s* y$ n1 v 74. Rent withholding
# c1 Q: d$ i( I1 A 75. Refusal to rent
- [* O/ z) t2 B 76. National consumers’ boycott: D* Z1 P. m2 p$ D
77. International consumers’ boycott
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# j" J4 n. U+ Z: A- {9 yAction by Workers and Producers
" \, L- S7 J C+ N$ q6 R! A g 78. Workmen’s boycott
( |8 {! K, O- k1 b/ g; g. z( K 79. Producers’ boycott
. S0 e4 z V/ h. J8 N
* S( a( u& F7 G0 UAction by Middlemen
+ c( h4 d/ ^* x- Y" X) ` 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& G5 A# d/ U! C+ g! ]
5 ]+ m8 t2 Y! o: g0 M2 p8 r4 c! AAction by Owners and Management
) ^4 ^9 h/ r6 E2 Y 81. Traders’ boycott3 D a, W/ q) n
82. Refusal to let or sell property. D0 g- E' }/ W |
83. Lockout5 W- q6 ]8 Z; q& P, T
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! I& I# t7 Z1 V; p6 |& ^* O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 ^) r% U; T. N1 K* [3 z
* }; q& s% {& {7 b& w+ [! ZAction by Holders of Financial Resources
, R0 \% o4 t6 S% F; q 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& n% r) f B1 c# { 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 b1 D3 N/ Y W& a6 f
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( N/ V$ {% m4 p$ p! O6 g" {: I
89. Severance of funds and credit7 U' { i- y" C/ m4 D
90. Revenue refusal: G' h8 Y% p& E5 ]! u3 s( c
91. Refusal of a government’s money$ S" y( L2 D7 B4 {8 A4 E
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Action by Governments
# t7 H. x, K( S5 T' f$ v 92. Domestic embargo
7 P% B. I+ D6 c* T 93. Blacklisting of traders
6 I0 G/ h. v6 L# P% Q' m 94. International sellers’ embargo8 t0 l! C( t' F7 r8 X; S$ p
95. International buyers’ embargo
5 C0 o% E: j2 P6 L/ ~4 r- z3 Z 96. International trade embargo, v9 O R" o7 ]
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( M$ Y: ^& O" A9 B$ I/ q( {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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4 d9 Z% E7 Y4 u- ^( v. m # J7 L% k& ?& u6 \
Symbolic Strikes
4 B& `2 E) Q* a( ?; ? 97. Protest strike& r+ k7 ? M4 [; ^2 F7 h) J; j
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). i( |6 \* Y) F3 {
) Q- @' t+ t* x
Agricultural Strikes
8 N/ s4 C5 g! Q" e 99. Peasant strike& A& @! `+ R- M* w0 N! D
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ P+ D: r- m4 w$ u, @& e& b
: S, m2 e+ y/ M/ F; |Strikes by Special Groups
, ^- Y" o$ k7 }0 r/ L" x 101. Refusal of impressed labor
! W" g# G) M+ q2 |: Z* X 102. Prisoners’ strike; A" o/ x0 w; ^ N- `8 E$ Y
103. Craft strike" B2 R, O' j% W$ ?
104. Professional strike9 ^! F$ S4 p. B" c/ ?
; w6 J( m& m9 U' a: O; M
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' V9 q6 g& X5 u$ f! K 105. Establishment strike
& W9 i, V. V' O2 i 106. Industry strike
7 G0 L8 F+ g9 Y8 I! W6 b4 C( J 107. Sympathetic strike
! ~. [) b/ `4 F
5 Y' X6 |5 O* @" _Restricted Strikes: t' v- y( Q" e. T2 z( G
108. Detailed strike% J& h0 E3 S7 A9 x, ~! s3 k
109. Bumper strike/ R5 y0 O* ?- t5 O/ u
110. Slowdown strike! C$ W+ J% \" C8 o. M6 }% T. X- J
111. Working-to-rule strike
2 G0 F1 ]9 u, ?) a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ Q2 K1 ^8 O+ o" R; e' X 113. Strike by resignation: Y7 w8 A' h, Z2 H
114. Limited strike$ W" J5 ^2 v0 M6 v
115. Selective strike
/ u9 c1 Q* b/ r) R0 B
9 y- P/ t1 t& r- A! a* dMulti-Industry Strikes; C& M/ ~# h/ c1 S
0 G U# p( ?$ Q
116. Generalized strike% l, X; j! U) _2 g" A( a
7 ~7 P y/ r! G! V" ^$ { 117. General strike
) @5 w. M/ b* x! \* r$ T1 v
1 l% k( a" X. O$ r1 \ `0 tCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 {( s8 _4 C! R3 y$ S$ z8 O
q7 l& {3 G0 X2 p* w f. H 118. Hartal8 y7 [. ^! ?+ b7 g9 T2 e
0 `2 t( v# a' H 119. Economic shutdown% R2 n6 }1 K+ X! D; J) Y
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g2 c' E" _* X9 A/ G
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority0 }8 w" n6 {9 n2 z( D
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
v" G* d" V' X; \3 |9 U 121. Refusal of public support
# [' `$ Q0 r7 H8 \1 r 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ J4 r) P8 o8 M K5 ]7 a, V* y
+ {4 B# K4 x I8 d% ^- i6 i# yCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government& G' ~$ e; B* Q$ O' T
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ u* y; ]- b" [- `; q4 c 124. Boycott of elections
/ D- O* d9 ]; e% L" S& n 125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 X4 ^. d5 ~$ k- T3 [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 w% r# m i# X3 F$ L% F9 ^
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! \ d8 ^, P6 {7 | k' Y$ b7 D9 G 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: T8 C8 D) z# [' f) s7 W
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- }. Q3 l9 D. C% {/ S) o- s% P, L 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 h3 F! `! t4 d/ C6 N: d 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ C3 R- a: w3 `* f( Q/ P 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ ` \4 ^& P9 C7 {9 m- @
/ h0 y, L! ]( X6 z. y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! E5 c5 {& c3 _1 d
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; e& h9 ~2 f: Q9 R- v& P5 v" S! V# r& _ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
0 z( Z: |! m0 K 135. Popular nonobedience* S+ y3 }- P) v( |6 W9 z7 P d
136. Disguised disobedience
% \" b1 {' G$ N+ {1 B( U8 r 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) _: D" ~ [% o: { F9 U
138. Sitdown
2 J) R% N% v8 X% y; j, ]' ? 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 r: n: M/ _% v; ]% K 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 H! U8 s c4 G" l* O+ G
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 x6 _0 h2 d. q4 C# F
' M. b5 ~- B: n5 ^Action by Government Personnel' Y, a7 q* V8 e9 C9 r; D
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 F; m% m4 q. O1 Y/ a
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. D* s3 x: i/ f9 h7 `) K 144. Stalling and obstruction) O D3 U) ?: q$ i
145. General administrative noncooperation: z/ D4 f+ p P) S
! B1 z# D# V! D$ p6 | 146. Judicial noncooperation1 ~7 F! |- U9 A3 S) W, z/ t ?
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
?5 t! o& ?$ K. Z, m. d( H9 _7 o 148. Mutiny2 F+ d9 V& x! [& `& i( L
Domestic Governmental Action
( X5 u! V4 i: U6 S3 ~ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; S% j: J& \2 H9 n1 V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action0 \6 o# x: f* m3 H+ x0 Y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( a7 r% i5 b8 a
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 f9 t! K5 F& ?8 Q# V
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' O1 ~# d0 U2 {- _& h" e7 d 154. Severance of diplomatic relations- E$ K% Q7 t6 H0 x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 P3 Z$ V% |! p( }
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) w/ l R' ]/ t% l' F: k
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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1 M3 T' L* q* j0 j% KTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION3 j% _- h% }1 W1 X# x
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Psychological Intervention
+ C8 S0 J' \# [! P. p 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# \( [% f6 ^/ V) n4 Z 159. The fast
6 i1 \( G$ J3 F9 o1 X3 W a) Fast of moral pressure' R# l# E0 ]% E1 @# k* y# o
b) Hunger strike
7 }* p2 M( f$ J; F: o; { c) Satyagrahic fast* s% y* w. g v2 {+ w- p2 z' ?
160. Reverse trial9 _' R: C; u" {2 V6 _: z
161. Nonviolent harassment
6 T% f7 z7 B; {+ B0 L
) z m; a* a0 m9 w: m) QPhysical Intervention4 ^$ m2 S# o3 G' r* x& ^4 e1 M
162. Sit-in
" @0 H, W& G9 X 163. Stand-in( s. b+ w3 I) Y4 G* {7 s7 x7 t) U
164. Ride-in' h, R r% ^; p
165. Wade-in
% z$ P) u9 L; a. ?9 U" P* z 166. Mill-in2 k5 ]# i' q- A+ V8 D1 _
167. Pray-in' U$ A( @7 x- R7 L6 y6 F$ a$ c
168. Nonviolent raids
* f0 c4 v/ O" C# v+ z 169. Nonviolent air raids. n$ R4 I) d; m! u% q# ?
170. Nonviolent invasion+ T4 R; L0 O! l Q2 i4 o; x
171. Nonviolent interjection
B$ z+ j% G0 h0 \" q+ e% r 172. Nonviolent obstruction
: e, D$ L1 H5 J# p! ^ 173. Nonviolent occupation0 |7 t) Q4 q( m5 G' s% I# f H
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Social Intervention
+ \9 L% K* p# O7 m 174. Establishing new social patterns
0 x5 c$ V X7 ~+ j 175. Overloading of facilities
$ J4 q( G4 |7 c8 s 176. Stall-in' V' P. G. i' u* x* m
177. Speak-in x0 n' v* [& `- M& ~. _5 ^" T
178. Guerrilla theater7 a$ g+ J8 E; w1 ~
179. Alternative social institutions
" F% b5 E( Q4 N+ `$ j6 R" p3 A% [ 180. Alternative communication system5 P. m! e" W5 i- K/ ?% X/ \& j
2 l, h [7 D5 Y
Economic Intervention, u5 b7 `5 Z9 o
181. Reverse strike7 x; M' M( q0 s) ~4 f# G5 ]
182. Stay-in strike o& e1 L- }9 S& X Z; ^4 M+ A% i
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& t P, x4 n; F5 ~. f' Y, D( Q: @# t 184. Defiance of blockades
4 ~/ e# K$ T( R9 \0 d3 m+ O 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; v- R4 h, `0 K; _* ]5 g K& A) Q 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 F4 h; r9 [+ I5 E- K) o! c 187. Seizure of assets
+ b; H+ X1 H% p& F( ]7 q 188. Dumping
7 C# K- z9 h. K0 L: c 189. Selective patronage O9 g S) D1 c' w# R; G/ h
190. Alternative markets* t: J8 T% | g' L
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 b( f% K9 T( C 192. Alternative economic institutions
+ j8 v: m+ B1 q- e- j4 o0 q0 R
Political Intervention; E5 o, L6 t# n, b2 E
193. Overloading of administrative systems4 P2 |: c- H, \* J
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& g& C/ l0 z+ {( K# n: s 195. Seeking imprisonment# F9 z, `( |" v5 A% c( t' l
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, ^9 s" A8 B" ^1 Q" T
197. Work-on without collaboration! i) {0 d- m; l% s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
