 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& L O! l. O4 [1 N
Formal Statements% w- ]& T j* S% P
1. Public Speeches
! K0 B1 Q9 H f 2. Letters of opposition or support5 E0 t& t3 T1 k* @' v" x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! z# \- Z4 h% H/ `# I 4. Signed public statements
- T! A7 w8 P( D6 a( z. Z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( h0 T. l9 F! O4 X% u. |# B
6. Group or mass petitions4 x3 f$ f! r& B, B
6 m( j% t! n" N) JCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 s# ^- g! s( y' P5 q+ D 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# \. h: X! t9 A/ O$ c
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ A9 K/ w2 P2 S$ V- H3 G2 y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; i" o) l; V: Q+ Y) l$ \3 j 10. Newspapers and journals' l4 O8 a- X* x5 f6 ^7 \6 h* K/ |
11. Records, radio, and television
. d# l" O/ `% ~ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ K; a3 p" Y; x$ O* g
( ^2 |8 z+ N2 {8 J2 k
Group Representations
, }! ]$ h$ o" m1 P4 W% Z. F2 Z' V' t0 h 13. Deputations
$ P& \1 ?* A. V O* ~6 Y9 c 14. Mock awards
" j, s. o6 j ^' x$ Q! V | 15. Group lobbying
7 w3 V, ?: x. P/ d" M& N9 z 16. Picketing
, M! Z# w. c! {, G: B7 N2 Z, Q: S 17. Mock elections8 |* A0 Q- O% x; s- ^! V
- p: U/ e, ~3 v* `Symbolic Public Acts. S3 t6 p$ r7 V$ s# N
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& E1 _6 ?2 }# I5 q 19. Wearing of symbols
5 _% a/ ]% a6 `: n, x5 e* m! e) o 20. Prayer and worship. g0 l: \- |# r& u
21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 T$ V- e5 b# u% g |4 z 22. Protest disrobings0 w+ K/ o% ]5 w; W1 v' @
23. Destruction of own property: a% Z3 }* ^0 }7 g4 ?. N. F
24. Symbolic lights
6 l7 ?2 Q7 r3 @! a f& i6 h8 W* x* M 25. Displays of portraits+ V: L3 t9 b- ?5 e6 B2 y7 D
26. Paint as protest
8 l! ]! X6 N, ]+ | 27. New signs and names4 c' c6 w3 I: C2 _$ z6 i6 M
28. Symbolic sounds- |% F+ E; O! o( V' E# Q1 u
29. Symbolic reclamations( ?& d) O- o' ]$ f" `' b6 a
30. Rude gestures3 T4 z4 {; _, x1 \2 F+ R2 ?& Q8 k
' X# p" C' P Q6 JPressures on Individuals
) |/ i' S2 v% @/ I4 @. Y 31. “Haunting” officials
/ B- t& i, W4 C6 U0 P. w7 E1 D" Z 32. Taunting officials$ K- Q W7 Z; F9 Y
33. Fraternization
9 l: [0 I8 ]# ?6 P }& x+ } 34. Vigils
- n% [3 g, D x( B) G5 @' c6 \( l0 S( E# ^
Drama and Music
. @7 p) E: z+ C7 j5 h 35. Humorous skits and pranks
' C6 A; ~+ v4 g9 g! F! a 36. Performances of plays and music
0 m+ `7 `" F; a( m9 s0 ~ 37. Singing# u9 _* B5 v. E! `3 n, z; Y9 m
& B0 K; L: p/ l6 Y4 qProcessions
9 i( ]; R- M6 z- q/ G1 {1 ], l8 p 38. Marches9 l8 v5 C' E" \. {- @
39. Parades& x' q( Y- ~# S7 t \
40. Religious processions
3 p: H4 w- n+ H. e 41. Pilgrimages1 t: T% Q3 X: L5 C& S8 p0 d
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead: W4 h2 f. c0 ^. ?
43. Political mourning
* t9 E9 f" j, b6 L 44. Mock funerals8 }) E: i2 }' j5 s8 r2 y% m( Q4 n
45. Demonstrative funerals+ Y; }: k4 ^" o% h! M
46. Homage at burial places
7 f: t: {9 R% J8 c/ K
6 C R N; `: F6 V. j0 H8 fPublic Assemblies {- I9 E/ C- c$ w+ `9 Z# B
47. Assemblies of protest or support* R; X: q5 S/ X, T1 `# k
48. Protest meetings
, ]% C, ~" ^* o- { 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( {5 V% A+ g3 v& P( a$ Y/ O& ~
50. Teach-ins# I" w) g6 f' h" J
" v' a1 S4 {$ h* p% \
Withdrawal and Renunciation$ T: O- F+ \! z* p& h8 M
51. Walk-outs
; v# W- l+ a9 r7 D1 i 52. Silence- L4 o* `! c2 H4 U v
53. Renouncing honors
4 J3 a7 S3 x, F 54. Turning one’s back( G1 w4 J" p8 ~2 \+ ?) c" Z
( k# a& A& z* j. M 2 n+ u1 E/ D# y( g/ t; ~ b4 H3 E
1 z, m2 ~* F6 b7 L9 A7 h1 A$ j# a- P
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
% z4 B" Y; Y" v5 Y0 F' v9 C: Q1 p8 i# R+ A- N9 U. F1 `
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$ A$ i2 o; u( ?; i \& }
Ostracism of Persons
4 X$ v! _# f( D 55. Social boycott) T; S: T( l! F$ U
56. Selective social boycott
7 P5 ?) y! I0 x" G 57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 y$ q1 _) j4 K% W; |) d+ C, w 58. Excommunication
9 k# m. V" A+ W' t# l3 g7 }/ K% i 59. Interdict
! ~' y" X" W/ Q, i L$ Z( m; Q+ s& g5 q4 p4 d1 V" L* q$ q# h
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' u1 Z: A8 N4 B! w+ ?9 T# m5 b: a 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& U, W2 y/ U; }! R5 s 61. Boycott of social affairs- P# v" a; W q: E
62. Student strike: H$ v# E: F. V" X- q
63. Social disobedience
! P9 a9 {% l# O- ?" a U% v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 x8 \- a) g; L/ O7 g+ Y$ Z, X" m* A+ M
Withdrawal from the Social System0 D3 |! K% n$ r+ |% L
65. Stay-at-home3 L9 H3 W# d: p: ?; Z* A
66. Total personal noncooperation
9 G/ S7 u6 d* O/ X; U4 H 67. “Flight” of workers
1 m% V, A( q1 J/ b) k& _, V/ ^ 68. Sanctuary
z; E8 U4 ~# t O. J# H 69. Collective disappearance
) q0 m f. b/ M: C1 P7 D. O0 | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat). Y J; k0 j) o6 @
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 \5 @; p: z, }% D# d& a- A
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Actions by Consumers. a& q$ A* N) V- |- c4 E; f
71. Consumers’ boycott' x. m3 w! K+ o* ~/ P0 ]; I' e ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) x& J+ q. m5 L( } 73. Policy of austerity
: ^1 Z' X4 y" _ 74. Rent withholding8 d8 C: z" d' L( b
75. Refusal to rent6 b! r8 L O' U5 ?
76. National consumers’ boycott* m" ?& W0 a% ~7 B. L& L% A# h
77. International consumers’ boycott) V- E1 A+ V' Q. L
7 [8 t D& l* XAction by Workers and Producers
* ]3 t$ E* }5 [$ M% I. E 78. Workmen’s boycott# v2 h, Y) G+ |) Y$ N$ ?
79. Producers’ boycott/ M, E( u) U0 B9 |8 P0 \: c0 Q
' _7 a$ c1 {4 k, D: ?/ V) D$ g9 f
Action by Middlemen
) v c, k2 v+ H7 l1 ~ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 Y' `6 ~$ }0 X$ \# R( z, L u- v
Action by Owners and Management
; [( u% M/ V4 g5 s 81. Traders’ boycott, g u/ l; G2 G# N
82. Refusal to let or sell property
. f( K7 M9 `* |. [; I1 }4 \# s 83. Lockout
% p! }9 a; J" f0 U# U" N; r 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
% Z/ I+ _; l( b$ J 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ ^( \: ~9 G# J5 T* d
/ j0 V( E. D. fAction by Holders of Financial Resources
. b$ r' c' F# P9 _$ `& d 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 q8 k3 A3 a6 l" r 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 W6 b+ `- L! C- R! B8 B 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: J& A9 [; q n* Q 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ w' F b5 h& H! e 90. Revenue refusal# J+ J/ U L% `% ~ ?/ e. i
91. Refusal of a government’s money$ d8 N( O( E# t/ m; u6 g9 B
. S X# V% I& {( e' {2 QAction by Governments& P; _" L1 H; W
92. Domestic embargo* u+ G# H' P) h# t# G1 U, `
93. Blacklisting of traders
- b4 o( _9 S2 { 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 _$ }$ `% U) L$ B# \) h1 j1 t _ 95. International buyers’ embargo6 x3 s0 _" @7 ~, \3 R5 B
96. International trade embargo9 A) k2 x( k1 Y. }* v, V1 @
8 | r; |& y9 f' n9 M
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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|7 H9 q$ U0 D" {. E% Y8 i
3 P' y4 v3 N7 X8 a0 ESymbolic Strikes& ]) p/ S& m+ p0 X) {
97. Protest strike
6 R4 ^+ ?4 F1 r$ g# y1 w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 s. \3 E6 u4 I
. l7 ?, Q: n" z1 j! g. X0 X, [Agricultural Strikes1 v/ l9 ]+ i# d5 e3 E
99. Peasant strike2 a/ [6 H# ^6 U0 m8 F
100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 u* x1 m" V: ~& b' g& v! D3 F, Z4 D7 U# h8 K. I6 V
Strikes by Special Groups
4 C9 G2 J1 y1 G: O1 j9 Q; G 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 [1 @' Q5 F' ~ ]' q 102. Prisoners’ strike
. n# ]/ C5 [) u* @+ v+ ]; F7 F 103. Craft strike
' {: C: v8 W) r! [ 104. Professional strike# `3 t0 n8 C1 Q/ K; M4 t/ z& B
( t0 c# j4 g$ {2 o& T; AOrdinary Industrial Strikes( @+ [) }9 e3 D
105. Establishment strike: o+ ?: R% L$ W# a0 @
106. Industry strike$ F7 Q! n# O& ]( I
107. Sympathetic strike
+ _( N3 h8 t0 {/ r
+ q$ b, ^$ a+ G; rRestricted Strikes3 P9 j) J( Q. t: q
108. Detailed strike
/ u' Y4 x* Q) \# c0 c6 b: r 109. Bumper strike, G3 C7 F& n' [: C! ]" h! [
110. Slowdown strike
+ e, {. v4 _; ~+ [- N7 f$ J 111. Working-to-rule strike$ w; [8 n0 X" e9 V$ g
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 x9 n* j5 x( Y7 F/ S5 { 113. Strike by resignation
$ _) |( K! V! }* b+ ~# H6 | 114. Limited strike
7 O9 X9 E0 g3 R2 d$ N( D" c 115. Selective strike/ ~, P: V4 K8 o
; f7 H. r N+ {5 }9 |Multi-Industry Strikes. ]3 t+ B5 ~5 J) x2 R
4 h: K( U. `' ` 116. Generalized strike
1 v: b* D. T1 d9 C3 b
& f; f% w; ]% J$ N* Y+ e$ |( V5 \ 117. General strike ~9 \( b+ y9 C1 k! Q
5 e5 @7 ?3 J" Y6 ~9 E kCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 d- X) `* ?. x7 L6 W
$ E, C r1 A& i# P
118. Hartal. k1 G! U# w' q
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119. Economic shutdown
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5 g9 C+ a4 Q" a+ x* j; G
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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. r$ f3 u4 `9 B9 G7 s! k! SRejection of Authority
: g8 b* h+ N* K6 N2 h 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 T- v$ y! F4 m( w" c5 x
121. Refusal of public support
4 Q1 P) c: A" j7 t4 T' Y' j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 e; Z+ E0 W- z+ G3 L* K
9 P$ p) Q8 I# ]. [) b- _+ C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* B8 E8 A" Q8 j1 }8 K! a
123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 j0 A) O6 Q$ J& r8 X
124. Boycott of elections- v8 {7 I$ t9 K1 c- z% K" x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. \/ m' d5 E/ V5 f9 p) r 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
! ]+ e1 M1 C8 V4 x1 P 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! B+ P6 r1 A- h4 d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 ]5 w2 a: G$ @8 ?: [5 X1 B% o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ S) K" a- z9 v8 _7 H1 ~$ O
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 Y2 H6 A+ ?/ ~1 c! \ U/ n% A 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" D( _* }% z1 _" d6 b 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 D- v) w: ]6 `7 v4 d; x
2 X3 D% C: ~# b( \; p8 uCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ V5 v7 _/ |: ]+ G3 U- L% d 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& ^ t/ y6 Z& G3 o1 I* e/ `) X# @ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 @8 f5 ?* ~* P' k* }- H! u
135. Popular nonobedience) ~. {" [) v+ r; U! t
136. Disguised disobedience" n, V5 X6 @& ?
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, A9 w9 |5 c* @- M) s) @
138. Sitdown8 i2 a) l8 _ k, P; ~2 c- m- ?
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ h" T) E2 x- \8 G 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 N3 _9 I! Z u+ c+ u% y, ]2 Z) a 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ @2 y# }; D3 \% G5 X
* D; b& J9 v2 U: p: T+ J
Action by Government Personnel& T* w2 d9 h+ a
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 ]& f6 f: T$ c3 |; F 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 E2 z8 U' B& f 144. Stalling and obstruction& E7 K* E7 q7 H8 u! V
145. General administrative noncooperation- o' G( V9 J7 G, }& y+ H
% `1 v4 _2 g+ `7 l# D% d% j 146. Judicial noncooperation2 F6 ~6 _1 @8 M) ]5 ]( w% w) M' i
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% X& q: @6 a6 _; }1 i( q 148. Mutiny
2 o" k: u( s& r& B2 iDomestic Governmental Action
: @$ O z3 V/ D. P 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# A x) E- b8 H! S& \/ `, s1 I 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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1 _; c$ i3 S! P( G% v8 p% {4 q$ BInternational Governmental Action* O$ p& S: Q( Z6 J+ m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) B( V& i* c0 C3 _ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 m$ S' u o7 C3 h4 ?$ Q4 O' }$ F p7 W 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 W: w0 |; G4 |+ F, Z$ a3 }( v
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 w! J3 d* b4 `0 G 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 b. x @) p7 U7 D$ i6 ?1 m
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; \6 Z( d d+ w 157. Expulsion from international organizations% W. d( r0 T3 a B% L
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
8 S( `) M( t: y8 b' c4 x2 c. R+ f! e C3 z" D
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Psychological Intervention
9 U2 n4 M6 R4 I' R0 b& [3 o$ A 158. Self-exposure to the elements
) [$ Z: U' u# T* F- _! j 159. The fast! Q( |; ?" }! Z
a) Fast of moral pressure0 q+ x+ E: o2 M/ `# H" ~# M% S
b) Hunger strike% A- s0 ?/ k$ b+ r4 Z
c) Satyagrahic fast C) f& E5 n% |/ v& v* a- H
160. Reverse trial
/ e- L2 J* K$ Y7 V# v 161. Nonviolent harassment/ P! G: k) N& s1 G x+ V
( l4 t( Q6 ~3 P7 jPhysical Intervention5 H- i# G }3 k6 h+ {6 K' W4 t
162. Sit-in
9 y+ \" q& @3 K% A+ E! i 163. Stand-in
9 O Y) i8 L" E6 ] 164. Ride-in
6 e- T0 ]) H# w 165. Wade-in
% \: m" U: e: x# E" d 166. Mill-in1 a4 M' c% x1 [. i0 Y8 ^& @) |
167. Pray-in3 [1 O$ a: z8 T4 l1 I4 T; F* q
168. Nonviolent raids
5 Z7 x$ _' d+ l9 j& k# C! p5 ^, s 169. Nonviolent air raids
7 v; R0 V9 o3 T* V 170. Nonviolent invasion
& i, U i) a& ~. ^2 a% } 171. Nonviolent interjection( K4 a$ ?8 A5 T- d3 X x9 Z8 t6 g
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 h5 _* w, k% i: ~* o7 y1 O& A7 R
173. Nonviolent occupation j' t# x h7 ]
7 _# e- O4 \4 lSocial Intervention2 G9 F1 o# B0 h' R0 o
174. Establishing new social patterns
. i- Y0 M) s6 _( ]( z 175. Overloading of facilities
5 y/ D9 S, h: ?7 R7 { 176. Stall-in8 }- q' s$ G2 w1 Z: q: h) t/ P
177. Speak-in/ Y' W$ B! a( P
178. Guerrilla theater
2 b$ ^- J# f! h9 b% d' |6 S 179. Alternative social institutions
G, I, b! ?* h% S7 d" O% B8 X 180. Alternative communication system
5 R3 F2 F: h* w1 N
: B( r: J" H% j8 O. s; @5 lEconomic Intervention
$ u) ~5 T+ o4 @. S: d A( z 181. Reverse strike
S- B! Q* K; I 182. Stay-in strike
- t5 W$ C' z) ^( @7 F4 j5 Y 183. Nonviolent land seizure
4 g, N: d; q7 L( i+ l% O! E4 ? 184. Defiance of blockades
F5 ^: g% m a 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& i5 l0 W5 A( y' V) ?1 j
186. Preclusive purchasing6 X) S5 ]! L' L/ C, c
187. Seizure of assets. Z( N; I: `6 K
188. Dumping' t) k _0 E$ Q& m. Y3 [6 W. H
189. Selective patronage0 N' x% K T$ O' S) l' e# n9 P5 {
190. Alternative markets
~( ^; k8 l- C+ O0 u v 191. Alternative transportation systems
- P( j8 R8 J, X3 T5 I4 a' O 192. Alternative economic institutions( z5 h$ R3 U/ s0 @1 @' g
3 z- D; D% M+ {Political Intervention
2 D/ C3 n% N7 ~; R* s% m/ g) g 193. Overloading of administrative systems
& L$ X- {; }3 `$ K+ y% h0 z: S; V% G! d 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' O& E) c( S: ] g {5 D 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 P G: C' A9 C) i6 F4 L# Y# B' ? M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* u+ m2 j3 z$ S( D1 o5 q) p
197. Work-on without collaboration* {' {. x* y5 R; R6 c1 Y9 r
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: f0 Q+ b- u9 z+ |. [& o+ f' t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
