 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 j8 e3 g4 q8 AFormal Statements
& ^- x5 N8 Z- n 1. Public Speeches
5 v. b4 g6 e- h: l4 h- h; H( v 2. Letters of opposition or support1 D0 l6 p/ I& S0 F
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, f: J I% u9 g5 H/ Y( d 4. Signed public statements
$ @ {8 h, S- z: |8 x8 o$ W0 C/ k 5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ _9 {5 J( J( v+ H# h- g; m
6. Group or mass petitions P7 J3 U$ X. R4 f
0 s7 Z8 g5 U9 \; N2 g% NCommunications with a Wider Audience% i5 R1 E) o2 P* Y$ m; W( v: u( ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, t$ h$ i" R$ j1 F! m' i 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% p r# i- Q. q) e( K; Q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 { `3 Y: y" k8 b r
10. Newspapers and journals
. l+ I. i3 m+ T% O5 F4 @ 11. Records, radio, and television
2 r0 Q- i' K6 B3 _3 @3 s' @# b 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 _7 E6 c3 {* h+ U3 ~4 |. l# W" S
* J% D8 d+ c% ]" zGroup Representations5 u( ~% ]2 [ |* _
13. Deputations
+ H6 ^8 c5 j4 p3 M7 w 14. Mock awards, C* F% C4 p- a
15. Group lobbying/ T; _# {# G* L+ \8 ?' D6 t, u. R
16. Picketing+ T" T. r: v$ m4 m( L' p* e
17. Mock elections5 g* _/ J, x+ u" D, W2 R2 o+ P0 K
4 a& F& }, }6 p) H qSymbolic Public Acts0 S& A9 H: S" h/ V0 {
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- ^. j, n" G" Q! W* o 19. Wearing of symbols! s. b6 ?- A9 @1 l; q
20. Prayer and worship& F$ k: H) n1 j1 P7 M
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 k7 c3 q( v8 c" w, U2 T 22. Protest disrobings
5 m0 X' {$ s2 k! h/ \# e 23. Destruction of own property
$ l; f9 L1 P4 d 24. Symbolic lights
# t% w% F8 p9 x- [ 25. Displays of portraits
3 v# }5 {, ?$ ? 26. Paint as protest) k6 ], D7 |3 W1 t
27. New signs and names
8 z8 L, i6 A6 K8 i* a 28. Symbolic sounds
3 x& x6 |% l6 x! X. g# \ 29. Symbolic reclamations3 g, ?9 s9 ]9 R6 R& u& f
30. Rude gestures
" m3 r: w1 V1 `* v8 ^" C! \ s+ `. E! Z, s
Pressures on Individuals
, @7 k$ b8 O7 [2 ?+ v; g: S 31. “Haunting” officials
& m# @' m( Y/ T. n- e. |$ G: R; M 32. Taunting officials
, L' B/ N1 O- }0 n6 j+ y 33. Fraternization
9 t2 Z7 B* K! F d4 T9 I( e 34. Vigils$ R+ F; ~% k) ]0 p
) o" ^0 T1 f5 |2 L$ P( W4 Y4 n# F! C
Drama and Music
6 i! ~8 M* h, C- G: r6 { 35. Humorous skits and pranks1 o; d# K2 B& X! f2 F$ D
36. Performances of plays and music2 h1 e- b0 ^0 O" x4 n; q
37. Singing4 d. x/ s) x+ c% o+ K4 ~: O
1 {) n7 ~* J1 l; O, W r$ i7 L6 z
Processions8 l2 y4 x) \* X1 p2 G. @6 n
38. Marches
: D' E, z" \7 Z8 t3 B 39. Parades
' ~* O% Z# W0 O 40. Religious processions5 Y! C# t5 y* Q- @3 Z$ R# J4 P
41. Pilgrimages
9 w, C5 ^/ K" g+ W$ O! k+ R 42. Motorcades) Z1 Z) e e" \* E( h
1 C! z* M8 Q1 l: I8 O# t/ f
Honoring the Dead
9 l6 y. Q* i& J1 C 43. Political mourning
8 g9 o0 ~- x( _4 `1 a 44. Mock funerals$ u- Y1 U7 [9 C0 V- M& H1 y8 q
45. Demonstrative funerals
3 k( l- w8 c! o3 ^7 k 46. Homage at burial places: P! f0 l) E" U( b6 c# o% w3 L
5 }! a0 j. i3 |: O" {6 KPublic Assemblies
O) P( j6 f/ j( o/ p6 C3 b 47. Assemblies of protest or support; x6 |# K& R! a9 j Q
48. Protest meetings
6 d, I2 R0 B0 V) x6 l2 _ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% g. Z$ j" c+ K3 ]0 v 50. Teach-ins# w& U4 V9 V* d$ @* V* t7 t
4 e! q7 Z( g& g! l1 {, L9 o
Withdrawal and Renunciation* v' H' N. J& `: z
51. Walk-outs
: D v9 G/ u! X: m2 O$ |9 o 52. Silence
[- F9 |7 @: X- P 53. Renouncing honors6 h& x% Y+ i) H1 r4 z
54. Turning one’s back" u% A* M3 T, Y4 G
3 F, Z$ n: h; r/ \- D
$ ~5 u `; Q8 [+ P7 |" N% a7 s/ k+ N4 \8 a! I4 t5 [
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# e1 h; ? Z" a w% Z ~; D
- Q3 {8 F# f) E1 j# H$ i * R! Q8 ?+ k0 K2 q5 R) w. ]
$ K) \. Z0 N& i$ Y4 e9 BOstracism of Persons/ {6 |$ E' a( O1 c; ~
55. Social boycott
" u5 W8 c9 K. ~$ M& b( e 56. Selective social boycott
, i. e* s+ V# g$ ?% o 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 t, m& n$ M; Q2 _6 ^2 D0 R. M 58. Excommunication
3 ?/ W& Y: ]# T$ ^( Y2 {" @ 59. Interdict
+ Q! g( ^) {, n8 f
8 v9 x# r% N" x8 K3 @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ J$ ^' g9 w: ?0 c5 Z% d u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 l }* d$ @; C" @; i) Z, h/ U6 j
61. Boycott of social affairs" X0 k2 |& h! K# M/ X4 f
62. Student strike' l' I4 V5 ?( E( V6 x ]
63. Social disobedience3 o$ V* e f$ P- l* p* ~
64. Withdrawal from social institutions& u4 \. b w! B' O( w
- r: m+ {% N8 s0 F: r: g5 K
Withdrawal from the Social System! t% m3 B0 Y1 W9 }
65. Stay-at-home
* l$ f8 b' H4 v/ T 66. Total personal noncooperation
* _* a, N/ E. a& ~6 ?2 K4 r 67. “Flight” of workers2 L) o0 d& Q/ x* [
68. Sanctuary t1 w' _$ w2 I( H: L* w# c8 N
69. Collective disappearance
3 x2 I# @ Z% a& N {! M 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 M! O8 a5 V' k) R) y! P
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k; c4 ?) H$ l; b6 R# M9 `) R7 WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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- l. N% W1 a' {5 a
- }% o' C% `1 M5 U) \7 f8 uActions by Consumers6 c; c# H. B! Z
71. Consumers’ boycott; y4 P; ~8 V; Z
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 l0 @6 L, B' ^2 y1 z
73. Policy of austerity
A3 a0 o1 R, b6 M9 X+ ]8 { 74. Rent withholding
5 e5 f9 R8 T% u. ?0 S 75. Refusal to rent, g! Z6 @0 m! a5 u- |& B) H
76. National consumers’ boycott
, |- m; J+ j! [$ j8 z' r m 77. International consumers’ boycott
$ f( l2 O) p+ `& n! Q1 p9 r5 g# `( |
Action by Workers and Producers
# I r, O8 o# N7 \" K 78. Workmen’s boycott0 U9 c: J; f; \9 ?) l& ?9 j
79. Producers’ boycott4 X- m# F& d5 v6 q( u
+ |& I6 a$ ~$ P; q: U& _. {Action by Middlemen# ^/ _1 ^! }, ]# D
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 X0 E7 G+ H) f3 e o l% w; C/ C" K5 z9 x
Action by Owners and Management2 V; G/ j! \. r. m: r1 @
81. Traders’ boycott
4 T/ X6 R* R8 \ 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 `9 {) T4 H7 S8 y3 h4 @
83. Lockout
P7 @8 ?4 ]* _! U4 k# Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ I7 I! o; O! ~# s, T6 i6 h
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 z7 s' f& y" f- [% N; H0 M# s1 O. D0 c/ R- x# f: u
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
o, f+ O% F% ^& p& E 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" Y, N- ~9 y3 C' t2 I6 \ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% o, G# s9 \; N1 C9 r 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, Q5 P5 J3 W& M6 m7 j/ y- u2 e( t& b2 v
89. Severance of funds and credit
; H- q; E$ ?& f2 X2 t& G# |- h 90. Revenue refusal
+ L v( N/ |" U% U 91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 ?* x3 @7 r/ l' ?; b0 Q0 T& H4 ^0 U; I( `! Y0 N. E# }
Action by Governments- ]& K$ j/ @* N |+ i9 E
92. Domestic embargo# t+ z$ ]. |. o4 c: k
93. Blacklisting of traders# _" i$ [6 U; O: _2 u5 M. |
94. International sellers’ embargo
# r3 }4 \, L& F# b' P+ V 95. International buyers’ embargo
( m+ U. z+ `: @3 f3 G' q7 c S 96. International trade embargo5 I" u0 R" o* }- e3 l+ a: `: W+ p
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- W, k# E: x( zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! a) K) |; D. n" @2 y5 a' C: v, R
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1 Z5 h3 R% H8 `9 j7 s: e3 T! [1 m
Symbolic Strikes
, ]1 j/ b. A% Z 97. Protest strike
; h8 s9 d. W% O4 x* f% g( @- B2 O3 ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 S. u- S+ k8 p( H: \( y: L
# k* s( |7 o$ P+ L$ G4 dAgricultural Strikes
; I% N2 ? d0 G- e7 t$ @4 R 99. Peasant strike
2 Y& t1 A( [; Q6 r, W4 u* r 100. Farm Workers’ strike
" k) j( o1 ?! k' i! o) }% F5 ^3 ^: Z: D% k/ ]0 u
Strikes by Special Groups
& u6 J0 S' C2 n" ~* S! R 101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 Z- E- v# C5 X6 I( N$ Y6 v 102. Prisoners’ strike
" w/ [/ o7 J: Q 103. Craft strike
6 {+ M5 d( ^+ I% S- v7 h7 U 104. Professional strike) r! V7 e9 a. o+ {7 q
: S' K7 P% y5 q4 I/ l, l: NOrdinary Industrial Strikes
- l2 b( N; K3 T& \ 105. Establishment strike
X5 S* e7 y& h& F* ~7 y' X 106. Industry strike
& P# p% X t& }9 k* e 107. Sympathetic strike$ M, u9 p: M8 b
; z! n7 f9 j, S
Restricted Strikes$ i. J, z4 x% H5 x1 {7 Q' D" H
108. Detailed strike
9 `' P: }2 z" h% `! Z7 q, z" I 109. Bumper strike8 c5 Z+ K" E4 T
110. Slowdown strike0 a6 a. P( c; r; i; l" b b
111. Working-to-rule strike
& U, Z. r) F* c* `$ K2 u 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- r& D$ J- G1 u( G. }4 \ 113. Strike by resignation
$ m0 {4 \2 V# w$ }0 \1 O3 l 114. Limited strike2 D& U0 e/ ]( f/ [, Y0 y; }1 O. Q
115. Selective strike
0 U4 H+ u7 E3 [! m+ H9 \
7 {2 s! }1 @3 M6 @/ N* t9 ]Multi-Industry Strikes% _( i- U% C. I# @6 u' ?9 S; N
: y4 P" R& F% p8 m 116. Generalized strike' N; z; _0 N/ G+ w+ E
" [* \6 P' ~: p8 A u Z
117. General strike
! `$ ~6 O% I: f/ _5 x: {
9 \( b, W- _# t- UCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures( A( J! [7 `0 I- L
: Q# T+ O, {" Q 118. Hartal9 ?, J. M& ]3 V* s
* \8 [. j- O8 y% T; p% t
119. Economic shutdown5 o( O7 j, |$ m% H1 X
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0 w7 z. _ n! Q( w8 i) _ X3 J5 e' Y
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 n8 s. G3 r+ }" V) h9 ?* ~8 c8 N+ I# {( ^
9 v& }- u1 _) P1 yRejection of Authority
/ U7 ~0 l& g6 y9 G* j3 A8 u: [ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, A2 V0 w7 [' N
121. Refusal of public support0 p2 y- }7 L3 ]2 x( t5 M7 O+ w: ~
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! q5 y7 {1 i _7 Z
0 K/ R3 J( q+ a Z* j* oCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 [" m6 N1 a2 `) \ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 J# M j. X$ s2 [7 ^ 124. Boycott of elections6 u; Q* V- r7 ]& B' I" X* F
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# G6 }$ \, d9 @' c6 v8 O- j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 `5 h6 o; t! R+ R }- U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! P4 |& |3 J m7 y0 d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# T' ^ ~* {4 v' R5 T. x
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 q7 N U1 O2 t o; J 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 X3 n7 {/ ]% t m
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 W4 h/ L- d* q F/ } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ F4 s4 ]: t7 F: e- [1 P- F$ F
8 c' [" s" E- n* V6 Q5 \
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# n& K% b! K! ~2 H" p7 o# Q% l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
! _ [% `8 M { 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision D9 M+ `8 _5 r% n% a' V
135. Popular nonobedience
4 C/ [* `) z9 B/ U- P' M$ S1 V 136. Disguised disobedience
|# b) C. e& Q3 Y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) G5 v/ B+ g2 o+ K# ~ 138. Sitdown
0 Y$ @+ e- Z! ]) W6 ~: J4 g: {, p 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' Q7 H! q& J0 K. K5 V: [/ f
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 R9 k; _8 E+ U0 x$ z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; C# ^" h4 B6 K2 y1 E( q
7 z. b+ u _% M; X# A
Action by Government Personnel
# ]6 V7 d! a, K3 O! Y: } 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! v: G% c) H; ^4 _+ X6 `
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" c: Q$ a1 P- r& {+ j 144. Stalling and obstruction* w9 t6 f5 \( t
145. General administrative noncooperation
; O E& q" W8 {" G" s9 P
; _7 G# @3 W: k 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 F% d7 K! E# {0 H" g4 b' o0 } 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 m+ Y: c( t! i9 j 148. Mutiny
- F5 ~/ k! O! KDomestic Governmental Action
5 p% ~" \: X: T+ A% O7 c6 w 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: o! a7 V+ d, X" l5 j4 m" {4 \0 p 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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; _" V y ~3 p; G; e [$ QInternational Governmental Action
: v8 e! Y0 X) Q1 ?6 R% T7 @2 ? 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: o$ `2 l0 ?" p/ D, v9 C8 t
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; |- I R: n0 A2 p
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ t$ V# C4 `- F7 ~/ L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" l- b% x2 H& z) }
155. Withdrawal from international organizations. e# k1 z3 V6 ~4 }
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 k0 K. y; q1 t9 T' p1 G( Y) Q 157. Expulsion from international organizations
5 _8 G4 n& H: Z3 u, i8 U o: ~. L. {5 o. b
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. ]- P+ D. [" C7 l! ~, j/ v
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+ ^- P! h- ?" `" c! B" y
Psychological Intervention7 Q1 p$ S- U+ w
158. Self-exposure to the elements( V/ j9 m9 x$ c; `
159. The fast
+ A* A* }) h! f+ ~/ [ a) Fast of moral pressure
+ V& D0 X3 O/ p- b b) Hunger strike, A0 J) U/ E. K: m9 S
c) Satyagrahic fast
. h% }( L9 a ^& t. ` 160. Reverse trial! J6 x. T8 C( E( V7 _ o
161. Nonviolent harassment
" \5 z+ c5 W: T/ S
5 [5 V; j" Q' |( u' D5 D _. G$ WPhysical Intervention& O2 z* W/ g1 h: `
162. Sit-in9 h( ~% {2 ]+ L; S& P) L
163. Stand-in! `+ J: y- d4 ~4 `! K: `& e5 j d
164. Ride-in/ F2 |8 _$ ~7 ]0 [- r# A& }4 S
165. Wade-in) c/ y3 a6 D( y1 \, e, Z
166. Mill-in
, ^& m" [& f; j 167. Pray-in3 E) A8 t {. d: U! {1 l
168. Nonviolent raids
! f8 s' }$ C! t 169. Nonviolent air raids
9 |6 b- h. T6 p 170. Nonviolent invasion
' E4 c* d$ r& z+ k* Q4 {# V6 k 171. Nonviolent interjection
! y' ~7 ?5 F+ i 172. Nonviolent obstruction; W$ C, k j' o8 ^% K3 T
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
1 Y8 K9 k4 n; R# {. |+ p' ^ 174. Establishing new social patterns( f# P, T6 a L! F8 [
175. Overloading of facilities
+ D9 ]! w; F8 k/ f( Z 176. Stall-in
/ L4 c3 q1 a! W7 P/ m# E) ^: [; H 177. Speak-in
) A" a6 L1 S. R* k' [( v 178. Guerrilla theater1 I# B% o! v [- m F9 `- c% }7 B3 k6 ~
179. Alternative social institutions4 ?3 m4 D; F j, H0 ~9 y
180. Alternative communication system8 Q/ p1 ~3 ^" P6 {6 H- E: D1 d2 `7 ?
) O% _0 ^, s2 Q7 NEconomic Intervention
* U8 ~# H3 C+ @' e% T- }1 a 181. Reverse strike: }% a* r) T0 G! B/ v* R5 i' [. P
182. Stay-in strike
7 N. _3 f: w/ { ?1 H) x 183. Nonviolent land seizure0 h, d. ^3 p; b' V
184. Defiance of blockades9 x; y+ r" B% M$ |
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting O7 Z$ m7 w* J* K2 i9 F( O: d; f5 v
186. Preclusive purchasing
% t7 v( K2 b# ]) I& o5 o4 E 187. Seizure of assets% ~- ?1 {1 d6 k3 l
188. Dumping0 J5 @5 x/ \+ m: v0 t3 J4 E% a
189. Selective patronage
) c% W8 q6 T5 _ 190. Alternative markets
d2 a( g6 ^% [5 d# k. D9 m; T 191. Alternative transportation systems
/ c$ }/ q6 P! S# B- u 192. Alternative economic institutions2 f/ c; v/ i% ~7 X T' T0 P
- m8 v( R8 V2 Q8 Q
Political Intervention
: g1 ~9 E! D' ^" W; a" F 193. Overloading of administrative systems- `: G9 ^* D \% I2 ~& [6 B
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
# L5 H7 E( P; {& L1 ~- R( }2 a) X9 m+ U 195. Seeking imprisonment) r6 Q9 c9 Y1 ~( P0 y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. Q) W7 ^$ F; n# V$ c! G+ _* C$ d' p M
197. Work-on without collaboration y7 U7 O0 T5 b3 c+ f
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
