 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 F4 o2 {8 y4 z1 J7 C
Formal Statements
" |! X, G) {5 C! y) p 1. Public Speeches
3 M/ Y1 E1 b- w3 n 2. Letters of opposition or support
* Z$ Z6 h, a0 i; f# M- H | 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
2 a9 T! j. o5 h) t! ]$ L# R 4. Signed public statements- U8 G& Y$ R; o9 S4 b$ C
5. Declarations of indictment and intention& ]% r8 [4 L6 w9 N' h2 o1 p
6. Group or mass petitions
* @# m& f: H1 n6 D5 ~; U& z% \% t9 W: D
Communications with a Wider Audience
. i' R4 c4 v/ f5 Z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 B% s$ V$ u: ]/ r
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 }0 E0 y5 k. s- d$ |/ O- o 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 u$ h7 _4 b: N" K( q 10. Newspapers and journals* G" V: M/ I2 H/ \- V7 k$ I5 l
11. Records, radio, and television1 G. i# Z) }- V+ d0 B/ X# m" K
12. Skywriting and earthwriting. L5 y' R. h1 v" a9 }. G5 O
3 f. P5 f9 Z' ]8 M5 _9 P% u# o
Group Representations8 H1 {, X/ Q$ K& G3 J& E% V
13. Deputations
- A% d& e; x+ A5 I& N: U 14. Mock awards- N5 `- X+ r9 [3 U
15. Group lobbying
. h1 i. m' R6 ^/ v 16. Picketing
! D" W5 C" j: c% ? B! F 17. Mock elections; F1 Z' D: j# d0 n* e
" n2 {2 }8 d7 W0 m, a) `! A
Symbolic Public Acts$ G, B/ g0 P2 s+ L" s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 Q0 I8 q5 R2 C, Z% k. J& N5 {
19. Wearing of symbols
$ q8 y: l# L) Z# g 20. Prayer and worship5 e$ h) x9 N0 n1 L8 x3 k2 C
21. Delivering symbolic objects% k; V& E, \, @, a; \! K2 u# x1 H( A
22. Protest disrobings! L/ I. O5 W# |
23. Destruction of own property( W* e3 A! |) P2 \! q
24. Symbolic lights
! G( Y; _9 @) q7 G0 u Y. r' h 25. Displays of portraits
+ O* p3 Y5 {7 m( ~0 D; E 26. Paint as protest
0 e: G0 M0 j+ z# ?( J2 Y 27. New signs and names
- Q: B% [* `- b3 e4 d7 ] 28. Symbolic sounds
/ G1 g1 p0 d1 s" `6 N 29. Symbolic reclamations
* ~1 Q) e/ n5 H# E5 y6 E/ k 30. Rude gestures x3 }) c3 }3 l$ x
1 ]5 |7 R/ j9 VPressures on Individuals
& g9 f& v0 |+ z; t1 L 31. “Haunting” officials
3 s8 x3 d8 C" _% h, ?; _" R 32. Taunting officials
5 j0 l$ I/ @% X8 Y2 x- t 33. Fraternization c+ w d' H4 K
34. Vigils
6 P& l% n7 Z* ~7 i) p' S% D. `# R _/ O2 Y7 P# J8 P
Drama and Music- L( s+ X0 d& V6 I/ G
35. Humorous skits and pranks. Q4 |0 j2 @* g
36. Performances of plays and music- H; h+ a& @, |: Y0 J' }
37. Singing
4 D) `+ ^6 @- e4 y/ n, Q. y& r( R% ?+ \, E$ b1 o
Processions
! T" `2 U' k9 {4 o' X7 t" O, Q 38. Marches: c+ I* ^$ j+ n8 l: J/ n! K$ q( v
39. Parades2 K2 J4 g6 |) K+ k$ A1 ?% m, `
40. Religious processions
" H7 G6 e; X2 i; h) ` 41. Pilgrimages# T/ }8 A/ m9 z$ `8 B0 s
42. Motorcades) J/ T& l/ N6 x( W0 P0 j# ]
6 \3 G. p. G E
Honoring the Dead
/ C( y. I3 P X5 l3 M, R. m 43. Political mourning3 Y3 `! Z9 R$ B, _, y; \
44. Mock funerals
- v6 L! _* @- N+ O6 ]1 T( h 45. Demonstrative funerals
7 h0 Z+ {+ a# w# s' [ P 46. Homage at burial places
6 n' o- \4 t6 G3 {* @. M) l) @# V" c' _
Public Assemblies! {) [5 @! O- U: v, I$ c
47. Assemblies of protest or support
& H; u" q3 e( B0 E5 a 48. Protest meetings. s% {4 U6 l% ?& G r& ^
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 F: b U9 |# v) u# E2 x* ]4 D
50. Teach-ins
7 a+ O! N/ Y: T5 e
: C; L) e) r+ m+ ^9 O. b( R% SWithdrawal and Renunciation
& k* z' S l" i5 |2 u: Y+ E- M4 e 51. Walk-outs
% Q8 d0 e* n( K3 c. Y 52. Silence
. S: s& e5 @- y5 } 53. Renouncing honors3 d2 I( s0 U$ \' E( m- u
54. Turning one’s back
4 L# G4 P5 v4 k* q, ^/ X% R( U" B0 j3 O
- d% P& s8 M7 e, B8 ^
1 f$ r4 K. s# O6 |; d+ \' [$ j9 ATHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
7 s& k G5 }. i& t2 q L
6 p1 D; J, ~) j" d# t6 s 5 C% @4 G% z! e3 w! b: V: C
; O, h* X6 J2 K' P! Q3 _7 T% c; R
Ostracism of Persons
2 P: a( t1 k! H- X* \$ u4 w 55. Social boycott
8 ?3 V. C# ~0 ?3 A5 E/ S$ k 56. Selective social boycott
$ l0 w& d2 @: J7 [% G' { 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 ]$ X8 `1 B/ N, y! \8 T" J 58. Excommunication
9 k e* n4 Q) i% r 59. Interdict
* W$ \' k K7 c% i9 U: G2 t6 `2 Z( h) L
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 |1 G( Y L' D9 e, F4 w) Q 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. b: x2 ?. E* V% M3 l- C 61. Boycott of social affairs
$ |5 X/ T a, [ 62. Student strike
. l' U, q, |3 J! e" f# m1 t 63. Social disobedience7 O( _* y- c$ u: _6 W- l% X
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( S, y, z; m( _, g! [
( U V. Z6 i) V+ dWithdrawal from the Social System
$ O1 a6 e$ @$ x- ?* R. a$ W 65. Stay-at-home, Q6 r. ]0 E9 q% r
66. Total personal noncooperation
- d f% [3 A1 [ B/ v 67. “Flight” of workers
2 s, j' N9 e | D 68. Sanctuary
5 X9 y0 C% u2 Y6 z' e) I* }% N8 A 69. Collective disappearance
9 J5 K( k X' w 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 z: ]7 X" z( m* b/ G5 C
- n3 Q+ L5 ?* ^( j
0 t& ?& r) i3 K: l
' a- Z0 }/ m# o( ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 Z6 e5 O8 l8 f6 ^! a! V" v, z
* V1 y/ H6 t1 P' A
/ F' L, l; \& Q, j: S2 y
Actions by Consumers% a B+ B) P& T2 r8 c1 `; t
71. Consumers’ boycott8 |2 V7 F. G3 q9 S
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! _' ~4 M! \' \, `. \' b% p 73. Policy of austerity
: l; l: D' R1 g5 i& B% l 74. Rent withholding
' f' i0 z# Y: I @ 75. Refusal to rent& g; Y; z% r) i) r z
76. National consumers’ boycott7 K3 M! _# L) g% h. k, O& k
77. International consumers’ boycott- B' g8 p. I( k% M9 V
- D& m3 a; U- S
Action by Workers and Producers+ E9 t" q' |# N
78. Workmen’s boycott- w N j w6 e
79. Producers’ boycott
0 r6 k# A5 W0 [6 q8 w, P. l* F+ U) B# @2 ~
Action by Middlemen
6 [( N: h* ~7 m, g! x5 W! U5 N 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# J6 }2 v- v) ^, m/ U+ ~1 `. D# P7 w' m
Action by Owners and Management4 t- ~: I) I, f4 O
81. Traders’ boycott
7 H1 E0 [ w8 o 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 y- o# a6 ?! w5 ~6 K8 O6 \" f ~ 83. Lockout
8 a( L* N/ \, [ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 {6 b5 ]; H: P! }8 c( n! y. @
85. Merchants’ “general strike” o$ d: ]. Z$ S x8 H$ ?% X: S( f0 N
8 q% _4 F+ `+ \
Action by Holders of Financial Resources( ?( w* ]' C. x: Q& i0 X5 P: y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ T" W9 N2 x, Y* |! s 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ m8 s7 f& O( n. q: W1 v 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& ?: _" V a0 ~ 89. Severance of funds and credit; ~# k" ^) d8 C* c" F
90. Revenue refusal
" g! u1 q5 e+ r 91. Refusal of a government’s money
- W' C* g$ R; V/ T I
0 \: y7 P( G9 I4 @Action by Governments
# Z1 I, i) F# y 92. Domestic embargo
. u) ?& T8 n1 g0 z! W+ I' w 93. Blacklisting of traders
7 r) u2 u: p/ R2 A* f t 94. International sellers’ embargo! P* D. s3 C( f* _; p+ I, b
95. International buyers’ embargo& ^% G. T9 M" \. U
96. International trade embargo
, o, N" ]* P4 y) Q
( D1 H. T+ l6 o3 K) h+ _ & E+ n6 O v: T" W9 z
: t* w4 U. r* S RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
% j1 a& N+ R+ @1 [" F6 Z4 ?; ?/ P
, H5 I" `, y, i. @, R- U7 z/ ]
% V# Y) s2 a* @. QSymbolic Strikes7 Y3 v0 e0 u: x, Q% v8 x" w
97. Protest strike* ^: P( I9 |% n1 G* H1 E. C
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# g" Y6 D) M: W8 Q1 {
" k1 p. r$ G7 e' {- B! W2 ]Agricultural Strikes! y0 ?- X6 ~1 }5 T- v4 z6 [
99. Peasant strike
/ d$ L5 U/ ?2 l4 k; O) P& } 100. Farm Workers’ strike
( A6 p$ q2 S( \2 T& f" {% Z: }! v+ C& {% g" T/ h, A
Strikes by Special Groups* g r( D( ]( N# l t( `1 ?0 ^" r
101. Refusal of impressed labor
) p3 s; B# b' r4 r2 S 102. Prisoners’ strike
1 [- l9 v- i1 ^6 R' ~$ _: ^ 103. Craft strike1 x; y- K9 d& f
104. Professional strike
0 m# }- y& G) }8 H* r, T! Q) Y
6 y4 l$ t; |: Q& A* L' GOrdinary Industrial Strikes% Q) m$ |' _- ]7 G8 q; T
105. Establishment strike
+ x/ D9 d. ^4 c y* ~/ z8 x 106. Industry strike
* C9 s2 m2 K7 O5 _8 r z" _ 107. Sympathetic strike
: a$ |% V4 E: b/ s" l+ [ ]8 B: Q" @3 O: a9 r
Restricted Strikes8 O$ p2 a+ X( m0 {8 F
108. Detailed strike
5 \* o3 Z% {! s3 n+ R9 |* W4 ~: Y 109. Bumper strike
; R8 \6 [# k! z. r 110. Slowdown strike
( p2 r4 u D" ~4 `7 i( v; k 111. Working-to-rule strike
, m; J; ^, k4 v' R1 R, s1 I w 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 r k' q( Q9 O0 k; P) X: B 113. Strike by resignation
4 U/ Q8 a; S: Q/ a5 o* w 114. Limited strike9 `/ x5 r* ^) v5 i1 {( ]0 \
115. Selective strike
1 [1 `' U8 B; O) O2 h' Q$ ~" Z
0 b: O7 N3 R k7 EMulti-Industry Strikes9 L1 c1 a) K0 Z, Z5 t
/ F) X l" b4 ]$ r: G1 U 116. Generalized strike8 I: \# A' }' T5 J
* A: T: h7 J# x 117. General strike6 B9 A3 |3 l- f4 W7 A
# _( T- j7 Q9 rCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures- h" n, ]) A, V/ U; m
* m& r- x9 E. B% E* `' M0 w0 g 118. Hartal& w h, n( v5 Y, B
2 ^" W$ D- P+ D) z7 N. N
119. Economic shutdown& _5 f& |7 k. ^$ i* v
# ?$ W( h, Y" T2 k3 g
( z. B# M8 D" L+ x$ ]2 i1 R8 @% C6 H# k8 h5 n0 L1 z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: ^# L6 q$ \; V$ D" z2 j& n9 ~
1 e- N+ e/ Q3 N% e2 p
; R& T) T5 K& o5 f" p! ZRejection of Authority
: A4 q% J9 o1 h0 v: o 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% \( O8 U) T" q; N4 g
121. Refusal of public support
: d) f7 @: `* `& p. Q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, x( u0 T* Z f1 q
7 ^, a8 B7 i6 ~" o: t) {Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 m3 L2 U$ e; U- d. s1 y/ R2 m
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) [9 \; O, F0 K' x2 u! ~. D0 Q 124. Boycott of elections% h. E* z1 {' \9 \! J. M8 S, [
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) P2 R' a$ j1 m# W0 Z3 t& z7 U 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& i: P0 Q4 J6 V% }" c+ d
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- j: }4 y" v) }8 b$ y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 ^0 E# x0 P% t) \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
{) n& S' W8 ?) d 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" N" D! ?9 C7 k/ Y. x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) _% f) n' a: h+ W; O 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" B, U+ E0 I- _. S# L
: ^3 V' M& N! Y2 J8 F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 t8 k! u Y. \/ `9 w2 ~; }- L' s9 Y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance' K! w8 b8 q8 A' Z( }. ]- e0 u. V
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 t) X, Z& @( Q+ r5 B2 Z& _; w3 @' `
135. Popular nonobedience; S3 ?+ t, d6 f5 J7 E. D& Q8 b: F& G
136. Disguised disobedience
# o8 }$ Y) l$ R6 b8 l( C! U2 q 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& T P; t+ ?' o 138. Sitdown* J/ \% J; i g
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& q. {5 Y9 e1 t 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' I, {1 T7 k" O. A$ D; N8 N8 a 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 C9 e" t: I6 u8 t/ q8 [, }
0 q2 A R. Y+ Y/ w: qAction by Government Personnel
% x# W( @- E( ~: K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 ]8 F. }% ?* \2 Q/ Q j3 s# s2 J
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 y' m* Q: `" N2 b: K$ [ 144. Stalling and obstruction
9 p6 g$ g7 j$ a: e( V" U( z% y 145. General administrative noncooperation
; T. K- }0 j) @; ~0 ?+ n0 n( Y% K# o4 G( m1 T, y
146. Judicial noncooperation
- B! e9 `, B: T/ D; j) }7 S% m 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 `. [6 L& @- }/ B8 u" {
148. Mutiny
5 Z3 ^7 x$ r% ~1 c9 ~, ^# UDomestic Governmental Action
& D2 n( ~) @1 K* r( W+ S 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* N: b3 a9 t: B7 `) `5 B$ U
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 s0 Q; g+ h0 l) z9 X }2 S0 D: z
) j, h! o) P. z6 s+ e5 OInternational Governmental Action4 K! `/ t& |% m( q7 n. T
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* _1 B1 o' t4 J. W( |7 D 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# b# D1 d, f* c7 n) {) ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ C+ x4 S6 F( B/ |7 Y0 B 154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 C N# Q4 h9 o+ t5 ~% V/ s
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. q; x& u4 w# Z1 L% \ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies i- e( E3 c- B6 ]3 r6 i. X
157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 {. `# z( q% p/ g/ j
9 E4 l$ }, W4 b ( F5 D. ]: ]# s& \
_* w" e" ^+ B/ ~. d
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 |7 V4 {' a& W
: R% v! D; T. w3 y5 _( T
& v7 [" I9 H: ^" j+ f0 L/ @8 FPsychological Intervention
6 J. D, ?. Y5 ~& p6 m9 j0 } 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 L1 D+ i) e# x, b& E5 w* O 159. The fast$ P. j4 D2 D( G1 _' S1 v z
a) Fast of moral pressure
/ s6 g8 X( r: }) J9 U0 ], u: e& v b) Hunger strike
2 n- q% ~. f: W4 n c) Satyagrahic fast
$ F; Q2 O4 W$ b* J* E 160. Reverse trial
' s/ ]3 M" s# s( @ 161. Nonviolent harassment8 v( Q( ?; C8 Z. r9 Z+ C
0 D$ K" W4 k, r! KPhysical Intervention3 g8 @( c# ^' Q: E: ^
162. Sit-in/ F# ^+ E' ]. ?6 e: i$ N# G
163. Stand-in
% T0 K4 c0 j% h j6 ^* w$ l 164. Ride-in
0 Y9 b4 H, q/ ?3 |- o! F6 R 165. Wade-in: q! [: l3 |( Y2 N! u& w4 N3 u. p% R
166. Mill-in( W) `) {5 ]/ P/ `: Z! w# o R
167. Pray-in
. o$ |1 F, t- H! u* ~. w5 h 168. Nonviolent raids
% G" l \2 I6 B. F' _7 C. ~7 Z% G# F# } 169. Nonviolent air raids
# [7 [+ P9 U V 170. Nonviolent invasion
2 s7 `0 x( x+ D! N0 G6 f 171. Nonviolent interjection- M% ?5 t, G8 J" z9 u
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, W B! L9 y$ F7 P0 A; z# I2 H$ Z. m 173. Nonviolent occupation
/ H3 p) }! Z4 f9 n/ M0 B5 n8 H" Z+ ]/ E
Social Intervention
" U- U4 \# _ b, ^6 W, ] 174. Establishing new social patterns7 K/ I" f- h* A
175. Overloading of facilities5 a, U% y3 Q+ A9 R
176. Stall-in
- A5 t+ g' U$ |0 v2 H 177. Speak-in$ I: z; Q1 p/ u# C, Q
178. Guerrilla theater3 Z$ g7 T" P( W8 ]
179. Alternative social institutions+ a- j9 s# Q- f4 f0 `
180. Alternative communication system: W q- l! J+ s( L% x6 N1 ]
1 T2 V9 @5 ^. k2 T+ \7 p0 x2 f2 ~' mEconomic Intervention* p# `% h. [3 ?
181. Reverse strike& n, M! T: Z+ f' r
182. Stay-in strike: m. u* j8 b6 B/ Y; B! {
183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 u1 l* N+ E, C 184. Defiance of blockades4 f; Q- J/ d# K4 @
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ d# ?8 f( H7 t9 Y
186. Preclusive purchasing
/ I3 _. b. I' R. R 187. Seizure of assets0 N/ H7 _" G7 H# U
188. Dumping! a9 E9 Z( i7 [1 h
189. Selective patronage2 k3 ~' w! {" O, C
190. Alternative markets2 O0 B: t2 m2 {/ V' C7 C
191. Alternative transportation systems2 S( s/ G, R1 ?8 g. C% V( E
192. Alternative economic institutions4 o. U4 E4 A. M, X
; x/ M1 z6 l/ z% ]: h! ^
Political Intervention6 }7 W* c. b' [1 n" V' Z
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 c& E |* |9 r0 o( m
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' t: _5 t( o$ T. F7 Y 195. Seeking imprisonment- s" t3 M( G2 F; r5 `1 s! n# {1 u
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' W% Z& o7 R: g7 a) c2 ~- J/ l$ |
197. Work-on without collaboration4 @' @( s/ B& p. E
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
% X2 J% D) x+ |; {8 d& T2 `" Q' Z: A; @$ w; m2 F1 F; x
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
