 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# ?! H& W: p, s# `& R" k5 O
Formal Statements
; t; p( f0 i7 C 1. Public Speeches
$ Z# _: N+ |" ^- U0 h+ d 2. Letters of opposition or support
& K' P4 G; c' V9 @, c3 V) e 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
R$ J7 _, z. y# Z) ~9 ] 4. Signed public statements( V9 I! K r' G8 _0 c9 P3 i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, k. I8 g2 N: g4 `: w: i( C
6. Group or mass petitions9 T, B( u& B, P) K, X
" \5 Q0 A' U3 v) `* [% F3 M: F; rCommunications with a Wider Audience
+ J$ l/ \) p% |: t' B# c 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ L' x: J# I# |, h" l* z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 y, ^8 ?" y0 O+ s1 Z2 x 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 i8 Y) G5 z+ ]8 c' F T4 j, @ 10. Newspapers and journals
- C* S! t; l) I+ A H 11. Records, radio, and television
2 L p% Y+ f; b* v2 O8 [5 L& B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 a0 d$ F6 G! T% E+ v- M. R# G
5 Q5 F; |" e7 Q9 a n
Group Representations
6 o8 }& E e# b+ j% I+ i, u' W5 M# n 13. Deputations
, G4 g- e" y9 O7 P% ]$ z M5 P: s 14. Mock awards
) x5 W- f' U$ c3 g2 S1 g 15. Group lobbying9 W# \2 J4 o$ z6 X9 ?: @+ P& q
16. Picketing
* J. V2 R, V v) [# f, u 17. Mock elections
; J% u. s/ Q5 v7 B, n7 e% G; R# T; S1 `/ {: Z
Symbolic Public Acts' j7 E+ [* `( ]
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 c5 m( L/ m1 c" I5 a 19. Wearing of symbols
4 T6 f% i, n* N) ` 20. Prayer and worship( k# D& r, V! z: [! L
21. Delivering symbolic objects4 a% k+ F4 j9 P, k
22. Protest disrobings7 }2 y2 I; `5 n+ G1 V; [
23. Destruction of own property) I& i+ A1 j- h# e n9 u
24. Symbolic lights
4 O# d1 e8 I! ?) C0 t( ~2 W& Q 25. Displays of portraits1 S) E7 V' S+ V5 _0 p! R- d
26. Paint as protest G' U |6 e- Y v% F1 j
27. New signs and names& Z5 a% p: ]8 [+ I0 L
28. Symbolic sounds
) c4 c& R' T D5 I, S 29. Symbolic reclamations) b2 `. {" t$ J" G
30. Rude gestures
& \3 {5 S# M* t9 b
+ O! f% U! u6 z! iPressures on Individuals
8 S: i* i* p6 ]6 |- k/ A: k4 }) m 31. “Haunting” officials
) a, j* k! F" Q5 J' w 32. Taunting officials) Q' A, e, J8 X$ E, p" A4 o
33. Fraternization, K3 C) |# [1 p4 d7 ^! u$ k
34. Vigils2 \) _. U ^2 q
/ J0 }+ p7 R$ ]2 d; Y" @6 p& m: I. _
Drama and Music
+ [% [2 }3 U- R1 V 35. Humorous skits and pranks: N; H! E( V" {: X* [% o
36. Performances of plays and music
0 x/ m( O, L) D. J, ]! D- R 37. Singing
' j+ |- s3 W2 J: N
, N$ }7 z8 F M% u& q* L+ d1 pProcessions
* h' S4 b/ z# Y7 Z+ v1 `3 s 38. Marches
; y2 Z/ [7 Y4 W( e6 T 39. Parades
' b6 C6 p1 }0 n8 L( c; f0 ] 40. Religious processions: B- t1 {+ d5 z. q0 ^+ L
41. Pilgrimages/ p* q, J4 J( l3 ]! }
42. Motorcades1 a% a4 z. v+ W1 N. g3 U5 N
( n$ G9 ~: _/ J- f& k3 I7 YHonoring the Dead
" ^( ]/ c. V0 A8 b" R 43. Political mourning
- R3 w W8 _& ]( U3 g q+ @) r 44. Mock funerals9 f2 j5 y q5 L" n2 }+ N3 a. X
45. Demonstrative funerals
& c4 M6 T! J/ L# ~4 L 46. Homage at burial places2 F1 ?, s! y- W7 Z e) H
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Public Assemblies
: F! h% i$ @% z7 i5 R5 Q- P$ o 47. Assemblies of protest or support' I. k! L, w; g
48. Protest meetings
: I8 _* V9 I2 H9 Y2 k% j 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# h1 @9 s0 a6 P: j# {3 x 50. Teach-ins
4 {0 ~4 I* y: f0 M' |
& u5 }' r& f. \+ U, QWithdrawal and Renunciation
* j+ c$ n, Z+ U+ t* v 51. Walk-outs" |$ ]! A& p1 ]% `! h
52. Silence9 Y: c: j' ]8 e, J8 }/ \
53. Renouncing honors
. D3 w1 e# [( {" Y 54. Turning one’s back5 w& X) _& c+ r9 \* C+ P0 E
# Y9 x4 e$ E* j9 K% ] K
( d4 |& u5 F5 f& K2 r: A2 Q
$ E2 m% M# }3 CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 }/ M* |; A9 C
5 K' U7 d# v( R" h3 z9 D $ w/ \7 l! D& I+ M c) o
; Z% Q0 g* U$ m5 ^ `Ostracism of Persons: |" }* ~) K# Y; G) H& O3 L6 t
55. Social boycott; W, u( M6 P1 \9 `& z$ Y v8 r0 y
56. Selective social boycott9 J. A) B1 _: k
57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ B: \' N$ t; Q5 P4 | 58. Excommunication3 V5 B" U. r- r# L. g
59. Interdict
2 H/ a; Q( U" T* E) @
8 P. i- A! i5 m) L( ?' ?Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 t3 v3 W( A' B- C( r+ B9 D2 I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities: I+ }9 P# s: c; I( ?
61. Boycott of social affairs
9 o5 x7 L v' @5 Q. a& a 62. Student strike
0 }% o7 u* d5 J( l, Z 63. Social disobedience
) ^5 v+ l* T8 u ` 64. Withdrawal from social institutions- c& j7 w; n, v
: H) N, W2 d C4 `
Withdrawal from the Social System
) w0 t$ {9 F2 S; i 65. Stay-at-home& i( {5 D0 f' ~. d! J7 n
66. Total personal noncooperation4 K1 t& e9 ]# j T, Q% B, c
67. “Flight” of workers
8 [4 O; ~+ Y5 @0 R4 k 68. Sanctuary6 o- S% T( q9 t1 m$ c
69. Collective disappearance0 P/ @8 r0 m1 ^& `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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- {- }1 Q& D) P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; @6 o; {" j) \0 l
( J2 p& n2 B/ G4 X; Q4 a) S
$ b0 o8 X+ Y7 W8 QActions by Consumers
- M0 [3 g3 X2 |% R( E' J- c5 y 71. Consumers’ boycott3 q9 O9 u1 x& j( M9 E8 Z( t
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 G2 U, L; O D% s 73. Policy of austerity; U5 A# c5 \6 Y- w: r
74. Rent withholding
2 u- e+ n9 ?9 m( M1 E6 n4 |9 ? 75. Refusal to rent7 J7 k$ s1 \* W4 K5 A
76. National consumers’ boycott
- `0 S# H. h3 X+ y8 ~6 @% q 77. International consumers’ boycott
; H7 P# V" J- |8 _$ r2 k7 w( S4 T0 e9 l; Q: H8 j% m
Action by Workers and Producers
6 l% l3 q4 A7 W' F 78. Workmen’s boycott: X4 k2 C6 l1 ]7 g1 V& [ d3 v
79. Producers’ boycott
/ D) F2 l# z$ F* a5 |! ^( ^" e: H5 W: u% M
Action by Middlemen& X( \/ j+ ?. U& [
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 H& e- X2 Y5 b4 }9 w2 o
2 p1 P# K, Z; y# k
Action by Owners and Management
+ _' f7 \% N6 w8 j$ ] 81. Traders’ boycott
- B1 h6 v" }8 g% o; T 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ D9 z/ D. x6 A: Z 83. Lockout
/ H+ O( E- }$ N 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ }0 Q6 f/ e3 l- |! q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ G* c( Q/ T+ F2 G8 d8 E1 h, B- j6 E
' E4 J8 Y! w8 J- S, j t5 b \( ZAction by Holders of Financial Resources# k) l1 R3 O) |' ~4 m; n# M
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 _0 F7 D V/ @! w+ [1 o |
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, T* l2 A2 ?& L
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. G+ g, i. r5 c 89. Severance of funds and credit
4 l' T7 D* }$ m9 b' f9 n 90. Revenue refusal, G2 Y8 r/ w8 `4 s: \5 d5 U) s
91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 `/ l# k$ a/ p5 j. H( l s: O* T
Action by Governments& ` Q3 v$ D; p8 e4 S3 N: U
92. Domestic embargo( N4 n( y& P% K
93. Blacklisting of traders
4 R( F! K* o4 \! a$ s 94. International sellers’ embargo
! X; k5 j0 ]$ l, A4 G" Z8 g' p1 s 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ d: A! q9 y! U3 J7 T0 x! B4 ] 96. International trade embargo! W4 S9 t- e3 P5 O' m
$ m$ L7 a+ [2 V7 }, @ 2 n# e5 Y) T$ f/ R8 N
H, W0 m6 {8 ^5 D- b) Q9 |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! K0 s# U: x5 _; d* h& C) R9 I, b. p, L+ F( p
- u5 z4 i( Y9 }7 w3 F9 ]7 V l( [+ bSymbolic Strikes
8 u5 `$ W! e% m, i: Y& T, w7 w 97. Protest strike
: \7 B! J, B6 J! Q" M# L6 r) X 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 G; M, s+ j5 ]0 r
# C' B' L- @% Q8 F0 IAgricultural Strikes
4 ~# o3 i# G! p6 ? 99. Peasant strike
2 N1 G ]0 p% [9 ^) z o 100. Farm Workers’ strike
! Q+ X) E2 ?" p8 G ?
0 ?# n' t: @: [- m5 ]1 @7 bStrikes by Special Groups
3 U3 _3 V& {$ o$ N 101. Refusal of impressed labor9 A- d' [# j, A# ~
102. Prisoners’ strike
/ F2 [" u0 _- y) C. {5 Q 103. Craft strike4 s! T. R# B8 S. g: m+ ]6 k
104. Professional strike
5 A8 T& f4 P3 y) [) G; @9 Z- Q" B; N L
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. {" k j3 J+ b o" J3 E 105. Establishment strike
1 \4 d9 u; M% M0 j 106. Industry strike# a) e# `$ Z# H2 @) H. w. H
107. Sympathetic strike5 c/ V9 T) R/ b* @
' ~" Q H6 }/ y% f; HRestricted Strikes+ l# e o0 H' `
108. Detailed strike0 e+ u# n$ s k4 K# z( }
109. Bumper strike/ T8 R# D+ [6 F4 Z' I9 n5 b: z
110. Slowdown strike
& d* Q/ c4 `& O; W2 Y# C- b8 y$ h 111. Working-to-rule strike
& Y, I9 ~2 W) k3 F 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% g) K+ ?$ X7 I2 N# m
113. Strike by resignation
r$ s8 e+ q& x# I: N 114. Limited strike
% F5 N) T2 \* C+ g4 \8 c8 a 115. Selective strike) P7 w' u2 D6 s1 l( r* K5 x
. b6 o: v' J+ C$ Z6 t" C1 v
Multi-Industry Strikes, \5 h8 ~4 f: ]
2 d' } W6 ~. S& U) u# T 116. Generalized strike, M; `" T& [' o
y# b6 y6 O- ?/ f 117. General strike9 I% f; |) b5 i" a; O% z) d
) B5 r8 e% M+ {* l8 v8 T
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 j3 d) h) m* N9 h# w
^, K( j6 E9 @) B6 Y; S# `
118. Hartal& ?; b9 N3 f0 P. v2 ]5 _
0 N, L. a% V! P6 B
119. Economic shutdown2 g' p/ j# l' f7 V3 u; t
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# z$ j0 R, v, G& `; P; R1 m) T( @5 a% ]: b5 Q" \& A
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 c2 k! ?4 B& n) z5 N) a/ j: E. f& z5 [+ \$ g# j1 \
: H. Q$ ]* X# X5 v1 L
Rejection of Authority
4 n% v+ e* E$ z; P1 W, g/ @& f 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) [3 e1 p4 U A
121. Refusal of public support
6 D9 O/ g/ z- ?5 A3 _2 W) e 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* j* l, b4 c2 _
6 r6 K3 M; H( TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* G4 l2 `' O# j, T 123. Boycott of legislative bodies) }: u. ?% ~2 X1 R+ f: K
124. Boycott of elections7 z' S8 m1 k: E$ X( A: [
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! o j; E; U+ Q5 `* u6 O. ?! v4 Q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies8 h" u1 p2 [+ L: m- ^" T
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. k5 l+ M* @7 S+ R1 n% B" k+ ~" D 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. }5 N' v! b7 C2 {7 T1 B
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ h1 n: W* A' `/ D" T5 f4 p* I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
w% H& w- K4 n5 Y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* ]0 M. X/ S: |; C/ D+ ]3 T7 B 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
F( z% \5 J* Q( a- }* ?) m8 Q, L& G$ @: C! _2 p* |' C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 B$ e- Z. z" u! l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance& w/ t$ q8 O% g: z4 y: u
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 U/ P3 T+ l5 b6 V9 E
135. Popular nonobedience4 V% g- W& ^( r* ^6 i* x/ b! c: X
136. Disguised disobedience4 y7 ^1 L2 Y2 B5 r# b* c# t1 n9 e/ w
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' J& b4 p8 V* E% ? 138. Sitdown& f0 S; V. j+ f
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 |! I2 S& f# ^ C) U4 s3 [6 u0 V
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 |$ q' q6 _% l& X7 e, R 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, A W8 x2 F$ d3 @0 f) C+ q" d5 p6 {6 t2 x4 d4 j
Action by Government Personnel3 L$ I8 l2 w3 ?7 x6 H u/ M: q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 T3 @' y1 e X
143. Blocking of lines of command and information- |6 q2 u$ _0 K- U6 S" C5 V
144. Stalling and obstruction+ U" ]' g0 Y# Y! H) G$ b0 n
145. General administrative noncooperation+ p8 B. l* H( s8 J5 g
8 o1 ]3 y; S. b2 V* H" H 146. Judicial noncooperation
) X# m5 A/ s- e+ q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 w0 G& V! ]- Z8 c& Q 148. Mutiny) N" f9 w9 [6 i: ?6 I) u
Domestic Governmental Action; q) f; ] Q7 d5 ^
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 W& A; D f' a% P1 h0 [
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units G0 I7 J; A Q$ W$ ~1 \5 o
_0 F- P5 K1 u* I& z: S4 Q% jInternational Governmental Action8 F6 U* i9 x* T- R& E+ f8 ^
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ S2 [8 s& Q, P7 R3 J
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 Z+ f$ r3 T" ?- D9 {- o7 t. o 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! y+ _. P* H+ R6 D6 L
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- X) X' h: \! ]" |- k- C: ^3 U9 e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 X( M5 {+ b& b- \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 i3 |9 i8 x- s7 ^0 \) ^& k' [# d 157. Expulsion from international organizations, R# w4 T, o( _) s4 v0 ~2 o8 f
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& P* t. y V5 |# z) W
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: o9 u8 [, ]; T: ~3 f+ q% x3 ^2 O
Psychological Intervention2 b) u: m' q) b! M4 u
158. Self-exposure to the elements( @) X/ `- M$ N1 b& I8 g" r
159. The fast/ r* Q. p* T9 ~& ]
a) Fast of moral pressure+ D9 x* e/ t2 [1 d1 D
b) Hunger strike4 T0 [, a. G6 h, p$ }3 I! C# }
c) Satyagrahic fast5 m* V. B/ F& z1 A8 r
160. Reverse trial
+ k9 L$ i _3 H4 p 161. Nonviolent harassment
* I1 F! b& X+ m# w2 e0 o$ t6 }) F0 b
Physical Intervention
& S/ F: q1 W# }9 |5 S6 y8 ` u7 u 162. Sit-in
% u) m# Q+ W' z 163. Stand-in
+ p2 l; ~+ Q; }$ r2 z# ~' R* h/ } 164. Ride-in
! r+ R+ }" h# C8 q8 L8 S 165. Wade-in
" G6 E6 R$ N+ i, K 166. Mill-in
6 |& \( F" j( Q2 F6 i 167. Pray-in7 F4 q2 x' P: V" m
168. Nonviolent raids
7 `: g$ x/ R- u2 B& ?. A 169. Nonviolent air raids
: s& A$ r5 [8 a$ c6 w5 v! s, g" U 170. Nonviolent invasion
% G9 M2 M+ m! h' X' ~5 R/ m0 H& |2 n 171. Nonviolent interjection, N; J& a1 b5 j1 |
172. Nonviolent obstruction9 o: z0 w# I# }8 Y2 X4 E/ N
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
1 Q9 Y# v4 r5 Y7 P 174. Establishing new social patterns. z& r5 E! P# f! ?5 f' V2 }' R
175. Overloading of facilities/ O$ [, A5 x9 a Y
176. Stall-in
: @4 m( N5 `4 b& ~5 l 177. Speak-in9 k7 c; K5 F1 d* B% }
178. Guerrilla theater
/ _% S* `- l+ l/ m! Q" H- S 179. Alternative social institutions* K7 r5 J$ p5 Y; K* D8 O8 D3 S) f
180. Alternative communication system
6 M' K3 B1 {+ R& K+ l8 A% s* r" x8 Q0 Z. w) M
Economic Intervention
1 }8 Q* v1 ~8 i; Q 181. Reverse strike
V4 y8 v3 W; |4 n 182. Stay-in strike
2 B: `; _5 \2 F E1 {8 c 183. Nonviolent land seizure( K3 Z$ @; J. W8 ` Z8 k
184. Defiance of blockades1 k: m' z3 j# [) ]
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 R" ?- n3 e& d. E 186. Preclusive purchasing
& N8 n. U* i* i6 A( K0 y/ e 187. Seizure of assets* L0 J9 o( X. ^3 k
188. Dumping* I: O# N! U. D: e# j
189. Selective patronage4 A' o# d) a5 @* S
190. Alternative markets& `3 J. T6 |+ k/ |; y3 g
191. Alternative transportation systems
4 C) c6 \! ~9 a2 X: K8 u( A 192. Alternative economic institutions! k& j* y0 c. e; Y7 w1 t
2 M0 K! E) O& J) D
Political Intervention! |. u u* G8 y5 y3 f" l7 i2 f: E3 M p
193. Overloading of administrative systems! }4 P. Q) A% Y. c
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( c( N; Z; W- ~. z- k% J/ T
195. Seeking imprisonment; p0 {( O4 }6 i7 [% o
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# j) n5 O, F Z; x2 z 197. Work-on without collaboration- Y/ h1 \% z" w2 H5 L7 i+ L! { V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( w5 `% x0 j# E8 F A* N1 Q5 {
8 M+ B5 @4 c- N- p8 }" [ |
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
