 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# [/ P3 t6 ^- y3 {" v( c
Formal Statements) p: h t8 Y* k& o ~! J! \# ]
1. Public Speeches
/ K/ ]/ A/ V/ Q) H% b7 s 2. Letters of opposition or support
( N c, } u* \- h; z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, ]7 ]' s8 B% E- C, s. r
4. Signed public statements
: X+ }( n8 ^ q/ r* A- L% l9 Q3 b. B6 j 5. Declarations of indictment and intention" q) c7 A5 j! x/ F9 B! v# _
6. Group or mass petitions* n6 I3 W$ z8 F1 v: u0 S/ t
3 W& G4 m _: P/ NCommunications with a Wider Audience0 i- u. v- g9 x' h6 f
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ C" @7 x+ k9 T y: d# N3 e* z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 J: w; V! J. h: g. Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- U1 H* F- f, E0 b! N+ q- ` 10. Newspapers and journals
% m# S ]5 @6 U$ T% u1 _ `& H 11. Records, radio, and television
. M" \2 ^$ v* r3 I- `' { 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 g6 }) f! V2 U5 h) r7 F; Z
/ b9 H, Q6 y' F, ]Group Representations
7 G8 ?& y$ y4 [# u" J 13. Deputations
- o0 ^8 S7 S( k1 j7 Y$ e 14. Mock awards; J+ n2 V' |+ y7 h ]' h
15. Group lobbying
+ ]( [) O7 b/ ~7 G) t 16. Picketing
" y. X. F, e, B; L- l7 B1 T" ] 17. Mock elections5 V9 \$ h4 j! P2 v
7 U6 U' A) g$ C0 j' q& r" b# `Symbolic Public Acts
% w( L7 U0 X4 \3 B0 } 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! N# d% B q7 x u6 M- P+ v) h$ Y" j
19. Wearing of symbols
/ Z9 z8 Q- d$ [; ?$ _* N 20. Prayer and worship4 a4 n* W: E- B/ v$ g
21. Delivering symbolic objects* ~0 Y+ X+ D3 n& ?( S- X6 a; ?
22. Protest disrobings! U4 U U' l5 U) }4 M9 [ [
23. Destruction of own property
7 V9 ] {3 \, t# U* n* M) L z 24. Symbolic lights
4 j9 }# Z6 ?! }$ ^; p: S 25. Displays of portraits
: T [1 e0 y* \+ N: H, j 26. Paint as protest
( `( {' z5 M& L3 h+ w t% i 27. New signs and names# y, [9 O+ S w- p% z3 @
28. Symbolic sounds
6 C$ X+ X4 I& M7 C& R, O" q/ I 29. Symbolic reclamations
8 O! P3 `8 Y$ ?' @9 f 30. Rude gestures9 U1 ^9 U6 o7 h |6 a \
3 v8 y' }; C+ e5 F9 M% d" [4 g h7 H
Pressures on Individuals: C) _# I- T Q/ o T
31. “Haunting” officials
1 |8 ]: a. u7 w, M8 }5 F8 s 32. Taunting officials
! }( b; O$ ?5 r# F: X" ?! m9 H 33. Fraternization( y2 t* R8 }: z3 P1 W9 N
34. Vigils: d, [1 o, {" {9 l' @
# q6 o y$ i: d8 W* f) z; e5 V; MDrama and Music2 K/ @. `; P' e2 Q0 r- l
35. Humorous skits and pranks2 K8 U! y/ o1 @# g% w% t
36. Performances of plays and music- W+ z3 `; \" G/ s! Y
37. Singing
k4 b9 {* f0 g# ~! X3 c7 t, A5 M9 o; C& ?* k
Processions
5 z: ], s$ I5 `' R* ]/ l4 | 38. Marches
9 J: Q+ l, E, R9 ^ 39. Parades
' P# x$ ~- M5 i# }# Y& t 40. Religious processions
# P* v! |+ K/ o! B% U$ k 41. Pilgrimages8 c+ m/ D, f' s r5 M* x6 L
42. Motorcades) f/ @* c- G# H5 {
- `% ]+ Z5 n6 u C; NHonoring the Dead
* W Y0 I3 `( }$ r& f5 L1 o 43. Political mourning5 g" w! r3 S) z7 H: e# T! h) K
44. Mock funerals# A5 g0 y) e7 C1 q' a
45. Demonstrative funerals2 x5 M. d2 C) C$ G! q
46. Homage at burial places
7 h: L" W& |8 K- X9 G! N- @7 }, T4 _7 d
Public Assemblies
- h/ I. v5 O+ Y$ k 47. Assemblies of protest or support
, M) y; s/ i$ {* D 48. Protest meetings
# }1 u% l+ s% h) G. w' y4 R: P 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- c: k5 Y$ i7 F3 b 50. Teach-ins
% j! |1 x" o; I. O7 m6 E7 y3 b# j" ?7 J# u# K4 ~0 L, ^
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 ~0 P1 v2 p' L2 h2 s* g& W
51. Walk-outs0 f! d# P- r. z4 }$ N i. _
52. Silence
2 H& K. @7 Q: j* n# D3 Y5 i 53. Renouncing honors4 Y4 \9 H3 Y: S- U/ D3 B
54. Turning one’s back
: }9 f" s+ L/ Y4 ?9 N" s4 q
3 N( U" b' ~* e4 c
3 G* G) Z0 t/ U7 @/ ^# A
( G3 Q) B/ J; \' p, P% ^. {0 UTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" A% N5 d6 |2 f4 F
7 @* `* L' i# C R2 H) o' {3 g8 L3 Y
& _- J; _2 s0 j: V+ w. }$ w' k4 T% g0 t6 B
Ostracism of Persons9 J5 f4 X& o* K/ m. R( u
55. Social boycott
5 p9 a5 e1 D2 Y, D/ @9 C; h3 L 56. Selective social boycott
+ M7 B6 k. @8 G4 F: v# V 57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ j) W* @7 Y. X) b 58. Excommunication! R! u! n7 D% Y% {- i! J
59. Interdict
$ u3 F% G$ z% X* I9 g! z7 J" a6 e- s+ B B: _8 r
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 K( d) Q4 R8 Q3 B3 O" e" `, S9 z: r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 i7 h1 E0 A) H6 V6 ^7 u6 y 61. Boycott of social affairs
3 F5 O; |6 w, I6 T% y; @7 @ 62. Student strike$ T* V# _1 _$ H' c
63. Social disobedience
3 E% y6 w) ^' q+ w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions' K' S( a3 D% @5 X
: M5 ~( e( m9 E( z0 h; a
Withdrawal from the Social System$ i- ?$ b( N7 }" e8 u" T- |
65. Stay-at-home( V- V, O& p0 r4 ^0 i
66. Total personal noncooperation) I9 h: |) H( V3 Z9 _7 K5 X$ W
67. “Flight” of workers2 Y" s) O' g7 e5 l6 h( I. ?
68. Sanctuary
; N" P0 F* w8 P1 U9 ?& [/ o 69. Collective disappearance
' v1 R' M0 a7 ^6 D, B7 [ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
`9 {% c/ Q! p( ]+ X, y
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4 V4 h" z0 f2 e1 s
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
, c( @7 q# H3 H1 ~
2 { N: H8 B* a8 U4 O* {3 k4 j ( M7 E0 G" Y7 s7 B9 T
Actions by Consumers: i* e7 k) M$ A* o
71. Consumers’ boycott& b3 O# b. k! Y6 ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" R0 m2 Q S- x# n, M# C b G
73. Policy of austerity
# i5 Z0 A3 h2 e2 z0 } 74. Rent withholding8 E: s R8 L! o; F# z9 b9 r. r
75. Refusal to rent* s; ~1 A2 r. \+ H( j' t1 d) q
76. National consumers’ boycott
4 V( B# X# g2 n 77. International consumers’ boycott$ g# T! O( @2 a ]
5 M2 k2 a4 |2 B- o
Action by Workers and Producers2 Y0 S, U. z# S }/ ~# X
78. Workmen’s boycott' [9 p @9 K& x) d1 L5 r$ c5 u/ ]
79. Producers’ boycott3 M4 M& v3 \) ?8 D$ [
* `* x) l: T3 ~1 K9 q6 K7 q9 `Action by Middlemen5 ]/ M/ I/ f0 b) P1 I% ]7 `
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ X+ R( `' q, I) R5 }. S4 ^0 n' G
9 a7 _. i8 O$ @) j3 N, F) t
Action by Owners and Management
* g8 j) h- r2 L _6 _/ o/ w 81. Traders’ boycott
( S, R7 ]5 Q6 o/ J9 X7 v; U 82. Refusal to let or sell property
, C% I5 S0 K! d4 \& Z6 l* L1 C 83. Lockout p1 @) m$ W x0 y& ^
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 R6 |" ~+ F5 F
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
; Y( O2 }' Y( X1 W! E" c
; K% ^! d! Z; u# O( `; _Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 g" ]% M& l ^5 r 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
2 h) [3 ]% d3 H& ~; |4 c 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( W3 @: L( n6 L d7 M! u; M 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" i; x: C$ X- @# g G 89. Severance of funds and credit
p5 P1 ]$ r4 V" E( k. q 90. Revenue refusal( n( C X3 ~6 ?7 C8 r
91. Refusal of a government’s money
) G- I% m g% @' f3 e, |% L: }
0 ^; {( o/ l) V- v9 |, @Action by Governments
& Z) K6 ~) y8 [& x9 f- P( i- A 92. Domestic embargo
/ D0 N) e4 q- v S$ t 93. Blacklisting of traders
- F9 Q- `4 _0 x- H( p1 p 94. International sellers’ embargo# H* o" J4 _9 `# R: e3 |" r3 t
95. International buyers’ embargo1 H3 Z7 h. Z$ V+ m% W
96. International trade embargo2 X' k8 W( Q4 s( j5 v, u4 H
; m! ~. e+ q4 O8 ]$ E- B
' ^- C4 f# k: M! e! k9 H- g
& _) a9 f* m: M8 K: ]; c4 ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 g; K; e7 g4 q* @$ c$ {
+ [! B% t" P( I5 C
) N7 T; _) p( b+ G9 [: ~1 |Symbolic Strikes' j; |8 M# s3 ]3 Q* B. L
97. Protest strike s; _9 }' \6 |$ e. o9 a
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 f) u: J6 @/ d) q, E, V, p
( S, m' e7 C/ b3 ]8 z
Agricultural Strikes7 F, I7 F. E, n6 |. U8 }
99. Peasant strike2 c4 N. A% F z/ v) O2 N& S& T
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ p1 \0 f9 |2 U( w
" T4 J! W4 C, H9 UStrikes by Special Groups5 D; f8 ~7 G) g; K% e
101. Refusal of impressed labor# m0 z9 ~4 p7 x& r9 [$ T" E
102. Prisoners’ strike9 ]2 [: z# C+ M- y1 a: n+ j; K
103. Craft strike
, ^3 n- g9 B( S1 M& N 104. Professional strike
5 }, V5 c, \, A6 f; W0 u( J, y+ U) h) r% O" A7 r
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
8 e3 ]9 c$ q X6 f/ _0 u 105. Establishment strike& S2 o1 U1 O( a6 B/ w
106. Industry strike5 u$ I5 q2 j0 p, z( [% k$ Z) y
107. Sympathetic strike
5 z% U' x$ S% O: ^% F* r2 X$ `2 C$ i: o2 }) M- |
Restricted Strikes
( p: Q5 H9 f0 f ^8 D% S% E' h 108. Detailed strike3 I$ h# u, B/ S {8 s0 {
109. Bumper strike
7 ~. r$ o' } N& X( L; K 110. Slowdown strike
% D3 o! I6 _, V: ^1 K4 } 111. Working-to-rule strike
' R) F0 |/ C$ V' s! k5 R0 I7 z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- j7 Y$ J; n e2 H% R
113. Strike by resignation- Q0 @/ Q* O/ q% r2 e( Y7 t' _
114. Limited strike
$ Y2 z; s/ i) t. v, z. O 115. Selective strike- y- B8 v) m& E: U1 b
6 H6 x1 u: M$ v3 W3 _Multi-Industry Strikes
; E2 T% R; |% M- E) O2 x4 T& J2 v( B1 h0 H. e
116. Generalized strike5 a) u% N8 {9 y* {
S- ?# h5 y% r8 Z, }' [! g& B
117. General strike
8 M, |- E* z* t9 E- R7 K
$ a! e7 N% S9 [+ u# ICombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 b' i. r& F# t- h; W6 g+ J( y8 H) |' S- i
0 n2 g5 ^/ {: \3 f( |4 @1 F) Z9 ^ 118. Hartal
$ |# O8 h3 r+ R& \- ]4 [$ k2 o. W1 C. |
119. Economic shutdown2 ~/ }+ t4 t o
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! A# z. X0 e" WTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ k# M `- I- C+ ]$ D4 J" `
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7 i% K! X* K6 G7 U. H5 hRejection of Authority
) c8 A+ X& q1 V P 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 v5 O: x+ S9 {0 y p& {2 f" a
121. Refusal of public support
6 i( ^5 F8 G; c3 \% a 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. ^7 R; k" Q: [" f% P* v; o! p, @0 Z% n; G: e: w4 V0 v5 W/ z* i" ?
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. H& |! e2 L- l5 J3 j% \ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 \7 N+ G% E% h; t( Q* B 124. Boycott of elections
" l1 M+ x+ e5 l; o 125. Boycott of government employment and positions. m% a# |" W- q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 L4 e1 L' q9 c" @ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- n8 `* F9 p: _ j% m) c* } 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations p. P. y- j. V
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 k; g1 y+ K. U8 t$ {' x) H% i
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! A4 D: F0 W0 y. q) Z3 z9 J) M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 E/ a% t# o: K, j: Y) f
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& T5 u: p$ E2 x3 H2 ], U& Q$ |4 G& O G% n0 ?9 ~/ R% T4 r% F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; \. I3 a) |0 a; a* A$ n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 ~, X. k2 r( h/ Z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
W# S% Y$ f0 r( H5 b" E% l 135. Popular nonobedience1 S9 N( y6 n% u0 {; j6 U
136. Disguised disobedience
4 f, ]' g& w( m% Y" r& ]6 y+ ? 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( C1 Z! D: h8 I7 ^) \% m
138. Sitdown+ s% @5 L' Z6 V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! S4 V" w! P8 H2 f3 X; W5 l4 @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 d6 N l* G ~ s ^+ x' E9 J$ s 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! o7 i& p L: L/ G/ q
6 Z$ H: W4 K" J8 C9 G' a5 O
Action by Government Personnel5 B9 l5 F$ t& ]- a \
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 b2 F0 M- g4 P
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
a) T+ P; K4 T: \8 O: o 144. Stalling and obstruction& T/ L: B& j* ~9 a5 V
145. General administrative noncooperation
# {7 G1 ], ?+ C: s1 c- B
, ^8 ?7 g3 r+ P2 W3 d 146. Judicial noncooperation( X% r1 t# a+ p: E
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ S% i# C( D% }; J
148. Mutiny
5 O2 b4 k d& g+ O0 gDomestic Governmental Action
5 r7 P' H& w" u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- S0 u# B9 W8 t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 s! H) }% f& q, C8 s- I& M% s
2 |" ?; [5 M8 Y, o7 x! Z% ?* JInternational Governmental Action
$ [; c* l. J. a0 D3 ^7 R+ k! i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 t4 J. h+ r0 {( G: r |7 v$ J7 f
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. @% [" d! v4 Z6 Z. X$ H 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
" h4 h% j& m2 x7 G% A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# H3 R& C1 V& S; h, ~9 W4 O' c
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
0 X8 y5 j7 _- J+ `2 ]9 n. w 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 Z% K+ }( p4 W; H
157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ Q' l0 u `" c
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 {, V3 O- @' I( O) c) v' \
! f' j2 J o1 ~+ `3 y5 U! T9 Z
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Psychological Intervention
# {0 U$ T ?( H7 Q5 e& K) H 158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ c' J& z0 S" i1 M T 159. The fast
l0 S8 `( l6 F- W& e a) Fast of moral pressure+ A2 M- n0 {) `7 y+ h
b) Hunger strike
6 }5 Z& `2 {! E: F c) Satyagrahic fast4 G D( e1 W5 K' H- J$ N
160. Reverse trial
4 f1 M8 u A) R% |: [4 n 161. Nonviolent harassment( ?; K2 E, Z+ h( O. `
6 O4 d2 a6 S" n) D ^& Q' mPhysical Intervention
, u% Z% x- h8 Y5 T 162. Sit-in) f! F2 J1 y5 b9 r2 p# i0 P
163. Stand-in/ T8 `, k! g2 q: g, x
164. Ride-in
0 @9 _7 d1 z+ M" Q6 c! [ 165. Wade-in
( F) g( u- d. J2 m& |* {# l 166. Mill-in
- ^* T3 E& E4 `, P4 J 167. Pray-in% d4 E2 M$ G2 i8 a- f, R5 \
168. Nonviolent raids) o8 J; m; l2 E8 q9 j0 ~
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ Q! K' A9 [0 d 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ D, a; G/ T3 {8 N 171. Nonviolent interjection- O) ^- D& v# \* Y
172. Nonviolent obstruction. R; }8 \1 |* O2 `) L9 w
173. Nonviolent occupation8 q+ O7 R, a" H9 Y4 h- e2 m7 u
& d+ X8 b! O7 ^+ @& TSocial Intervention% {3 e9 K$ R& u
174. Establishing new social patterns" o" X! x& c) f7 F# \0 C
175. Overloading of facilities
' h, J7 v$ v# J 176. Stall-in* q- p% {4 ~. ~# R; y
177. Speak-in" z# k; k% s, w2 _% h+ }, S
178. Guerrilla theater
+ ]5 Q8 r/ k2 t: L$ t2 g 179. Alternative social institutions
* H# ~, \$ c @0 w+ C 180. Alternative communication system' y) S- p: v; M, D, e& {
; H' e x( k( K* x) z$ t3 s5 `
Economic Intervention
- a/ v; w0 F" o/ T$ t 181. Reverse strike
0 y* A' }( F3 S 182. Stay-in strike! g8 f; U8 Z4 o0 R- \+ u0 o) I
183. Nonviolent land seizure8 A- Y/ l7 [3 L! S" P
184. Defiance of blockades1 k( p6 J7 C- x
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" x5 f/ X ?. e" |2 Q9 Q, K
186. Preclusive purchasing7 r, E% e* q: \( T8 _
187. Seizure of assets5 r, V1 g: ~% |; G! d+ S& q& I: E
188. Dumping
. ~4 b4 ?" ^$ P) [( l4 E" { 189. Selective patronage
1 F, K8 ~9 m! D2 @# ^- O 190. Alternative markets, X) b& m7 m1 n
191. Alternative transportation systems3 X/ S8 B3 D" I1 ~* P
192. Alternative economic institutions* ^2 b3 Z. c3 l. C, e; E4 y
. x% ?/ a0 v# G8 |+ Q) S: w9 tPolitical Intervention
: |( j$ L# p- _. G! g 193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ H D/ V) {) P$ C- g 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& ] r( }7 p( T) t$ p 195. Seeking imprisonment0 a! x! }* @6 @* o3 Q- v0 R# k# ]
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( Z* @$ ^! T& h; O4 Y4 T) D/ }" T 197. Work-on without collaboration
$ K$ ?- ~' R* ^) h 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ w2 C+ u4 q4 R4 v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
