 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 L/ H6 I [8 o) K) t- l, t$ d7 {
Formal Statements, W( p/ R0 ]2 W/ G3 o) b
1. Public Speeches
3 G; r! b+ [, Z$ H( ? 2. Letters of opposition or support0 t y5 V& H, n# Z2 H6 F1 Q, S2 R
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 ^! j3 \ l& b5 n* T. v: O 4. Signed public statements+ r2 B* S2 H# h- ?: m7 X4 f% F: y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 L- ^( Q: o7 Q7 v( O J( m
6. Group or mass petitions
* k, {! s9 @9 a9 z% @8 d) n! ]: p% B0 a& a2 V* a/ u
Communications with a Wider Audience
& T: [6 Q6 N9 w$ M% S- q3 ] 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: J+ P# Z2 [1 w
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 k d+ Y: a. e6 n4 g# z' \ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 C4 D; \% q( ^. m 10. Newspapers and journals8 @$ Q" d" W9 Q
11. Records, radio, and television
7 B. Q, q' P7 s3 s7 e0 n" T 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: k7 ~7 _; o8 C1 }% ^ a* G: c3 ]: } g+ n0 k3 |% h
Group Representations! a% U; W# x A1 ?( q
13. Deputations8 U' F" S; K7 L0 A
14. Mock awards
5 X" c4 ]4 m% H, ?6 ` 15. Group lobbying
" `1 s% X" B( N ^0 [- l o 16. Picketing
3 k: O. B4 b: P H 17. Mock elections
5 k- n% A9 U( g" y+ F+ Z& N" J4 u8 C/ Y% `6 ?: R" L
Symbolic Public Acts% U9 f9 Y% u5 [8 ^
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: n; u! b5 y# \8 g* ?/ a5 y8 c 19. Wearing of symbols
8 Z; n0 m% M4 e( v9 y' U; ^5 l 20. Prayer and worship0 o( A# ^" i* P' [
21. Delivering symbolic objects h/ y" M+ O2 ?: E" J+ \
22. Protest disrobings i2 I# O) d8 q7 j8 K5 C2 L
23. Destruction of own property
) U: G) u2 j% t3 ^' S 24. Symbolic lights2 C+ F( P. r5 o% x8 G. ]) `
25. Displays of portraits
. s; w! j1 }$ g, |2 i 26. Paint as protest! c$ x5 r6 F' @
27. New signs and names6 j2 X5 B2 t" G% z" A' T+ v8 {
28. Symbolic sounds
: j2 e* ]% n& t6 d/ ] 29. Symbolic reclamations
& G" u0 x2 X1 M, o2 H 30. Rude gestures
; v" M% G- ]2 ?* h4 b
1 r: S$ b! ]4 P6 oPressures on Individuals
3 I& P* ]. z: i 31. “Haunting” officials
/ v% _0 A! k" A# i& j4 N 32. Taunting officials
7 F5 X [6 X: |1 ~ 33. Fraternization" j% C# `$ e& r0 Z
34. Vigils
( H$ r5 [1 _8 \& q% d7 A
& F3 \( Q+ R7 \+ c+ U% `Drama and Music
" z# r6 U/ l& J+ t4 s# o. X 35. Humorous skits and pranks
& f& P# h. N' n% T4 l 36. Performances of plays and music9 \- ~* k3 G+ x4 n* {
37. Singing
- ?" B8 k; A$ c: _
8 i$ i+ ]$ {2 W9 U" I( G/ xProcessions
- y' {9 B$ \: p 38. Marches0 N) W& U& _! L5 i3 g
39. Parades) n3 ?, _$ M: `0 G$ e5 N
40. Religious processions; G9 ^8 J8 a6 @# T
41. Pilgrimages
: J; r/ S8 B5 s 42. Motorcades* ]6 E2 Q+ ~/ Z* a, m) z. o
0 F' y* n% w* z/ k1 s# ?
Honoring the Dead+ g7 I; i7 [- {8 M
43. Political mourning
- k! X) |' F# Q7 Y 44. Mock funerals
" A* N: ~9 ` Y( O* }( x2 V 45. Demonstrative funerals
- m8 y0 T. R/ {% H' M/ Q 46. Homage at burial places
8 D& X# |; e p- ~3 n. n5 p+ P, M# y; e7 d4 ]9 e5 q
Public Assemblies4 F* E0 e6 o: H6 m7 h
47. Assemblies of protest or support! y$ r% f6 p- ?. ?5 A2 x- O
48. Protest meetings
, j6 f7 U' P* [) X( O0 {% d 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 l- j t2 P; u9 Z! v" Q
50. Teach-ins
) c4 _# R$ U. _. O, C/ N4 p
. Z" O& c Z! R: m9 b5 k: _Withdrawal and Renunciation
) G6 E# _3 Q7 P 51. Walk-outs
" G# P! m3 E" v; _+ C2 Y 52. Silence
/ F/ ]9 H5 O9 U: K% |" f 53. Renouncing honors
) z" w5 _" {/ A/ l+ w7 P 54. Turning one’s back
& p3 c* Y) D. N) k. k& s0 z4 R2 ]5 ^: h# O; _% @3 ]
( U. V( J3 D5 Z+ d* v6 p* _6 Q$ P3 p5 E% Z3 V7 Q- h) Z
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 V1 j$ a( a1 Q- ?% |1 _4 Q# O: _
( ]- M6 p3 u6 h4 n0 x* [' o / k# z( d# P+ @( ]
/ y% I: b/ }0 ]- G; G; zOstracism of Persons
7 D- G* \( z8 y 55. Social boycott
. ^6 o- [1 \+ s- h: r 56. Selective social boycott g3 M V4 P' _+ S
57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 ]% g3 C& G+ f% C; J 58. Excommunication8 w5 Z1 U2 v8 @( P3 q% V
59. Interdict0 N! `- L" K1 Z: A8 e
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 {( S# e# o8 l& v2 C/ d 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 Z' V0 ^; H& p. k7 p5 F, Y9 l
61. Boycott of social affairs3 _- M4 {0 \( ~* u+ i! W; C
62. Student strike1 d @4 g. N# E( _, n3 {3 V
63. Social disobedience
7 ?3 B+ q. o; ~/ ? 64. Withdrawal from social institutions: e. G" B1 }% A$ x! y3 a* y
( S* i7 H( [% X5 X
Withdrawal from the Social System
+ m+ v$ ` o6 W+ B 65. Stay-at-home4 y# f7 P5 t p+ w& z- w8 ?
66. Total personal noncooperation
- Z+ [% e) J% ?9 E, c 67. “Flight” of workers; t. U m% f. J4 \! `* e
68. Sanctuary
: g" @3 n0 |- l0 x) M5 @! N6 r 69. Collective disappearance1 E/ X! x7 d9 L6 Z6 t, \
70. Protest emigration (hijrat) ^, C; V; f$ k) n. V
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; w# E/ z; s% D s, b% ~. G3 R
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
H: M. @5 z3 E* }$ P$ ?
1 U9 |0 e8 R3 _7 i( P 1 y U% ~4 u$ C3 O3 x
Actions by Consumers
S& D7 c8 I! N7 r2 N$ F 71. Consumers’ boycott
% S: t" B& M3 E- b/ j) S 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 v, ^1 n4 v0 H+ L2 s& W 73. Policy of austerity
4 `; {1 G3 o+ c1 Y 74. Rent withholding z4 g5 {) E' L) g/ [" s( d: @
75. Refusal to rent) c" F5 d- X+ f y K) f; Z, k7 t
76. National consumers’ boycott
; a1 m/ P4 X% U3 j6 ^ 77. International consumers’ boycott
' U; i% W6 E5 G2 y) W7 v; T: B8 ?% K& E4 b
Action by Workers and Producers' }3 U4 E" m; g: o9 a' E; D* \
78. Workmen’s boycott
( p, L/ e4 P: L% X 79. Producers’ boycott
& }) U3 O" O3 L5 f+ [0 {( u- p7 Q& K
Action by Middlemen
* U, R h5 L* f; g 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& a5 _% Y4 N$ ~+ o/ O I
1 k' ^0 W- v. p! m; U3 z" P1 J' DAction by Owners and Management' ^5 X. Z- i" o, A
81. Traders’ boycott, k' y* m# ]9 u
82. Refusal to let or sell property/ h# R; }! ?/ _7 f! a: m6 Q
83. Lockout$ n8 L/ X! O! x2 ]& d$ z0 T
84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 t3 ]6 w: F) r( Y) f0 n4 n
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* b0 ^9 @& H) @
: `; A, f9 }% q/ M" \Action by Holders of Financial Resources
3 b) d5 [7 M( b" }3 w/ S( y9 ^ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. H' A" V. h$ h3 L" B( g 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( n4 G7 B' {+ {" l
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; {+ o- g0 c' R1 D0 P 89. Severance of funds and credit
; n- w. ?; D+ |+ j 90. Revenue refusal7 m6 a& E! T; \! M
91. Refusal of a government’s money
) `! r0 k: {9 k: _ ]
( M8 y0 i, S+ U( r; i6 I, C7 p, A: Q iAction by Governments, P6 q6 i- B3 W- \ N a
92. Domestic embargo- z. u/ ]- f; g$ M
93. Blacklisting of traders% V6 G s6 X: c. }1 R2 Z+ S4 H) [
94. International sellers’ embargo
2 r/ B( S! o- x: N( R 95. International buyers’ embargo
& e8 L9 O0 A8 }& u# l 96. International trade embargo
, x9 i$ ?0 a1 u- k" I5 t4 E0 g+ I9 G7 Y8 ~0 v
4 Q; E" q. m0 G3 R
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- _9 Y4 ^- J2 {. f" t& Q
& B8 h, Z! J/ K5 L1 o6 G( M+ {
2 a! H( Q. ^; L# P7 }1 k- f7 I
Symbolic Strikes
1 w9 w8 v5 b% u6 d# r9 b) x9 B 97. Protest strike+ `5 x$ e3 } {3 M) b; ^( q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# |0 b' I4 y3 c8 P
4 X, P6 G- |# H9 N7 E# I, RAgricultural Strikes5 C% k: |; b: s, ]
99. Peasant strike8 [" T) D# H$ C1 [
100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 ~# r) o8 `* ^. U6 z- Q8 I# p& O9 d- F7 A. X" L
Strikes by Special Groups
) {8 k) A0 e, G; Y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 i/ Q. X, _0 _6 J3 Y 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 Q5 Z- y& A2 F4 F$ R" i 103. Craft strike
& R4 H7 \5 \6 \ y/ V% B$ ~ 104. Professional strike
$ p6 m1 J7 q6 H# h3 _% \5 F; ?0 Z# V- f/ @$ d. o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes! f3 g/ C; l7 k) v
105. Establishment strike
; f- ]( r4 e$ T% Y. z- _ 106. Industry strike: w! R* K& u7 }
107. Sympathetic strike, `' `% V0 j: t( x
, M" Q" x1 ^6 c( y' p
Restricted Strikes
, p& @- }! y5 i8 \: i 108. Detailed strike
$ g F0 B# k, j' N 109. Bumper strike
8 W& C- N! H U. d, _$ | 110. Slowdown strike# E" Q3 e' f: s3 ~7 Z. X0 }
111. Working-to-rule strike4 a5 x$ z4 F' [+ ?8 s# ?' D
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 [; ]' S; `* u1 V. a' C; t4 J 113. Strike by resignation
5 X4 B: x( P: T2 ?# C 114. Limited strike
6 g! A6 W+ ?9 s# t 115. Selective strike
0 `' P0 _5 f. q# b2 } x/ h" @* U0 j' c2 {
Multi-Industry Strikes
7 i: o' n& v; w: F" B% W7 @5 e2 }, e
! ?# r6 P. }* L! W 116. Generalized strike
% w+ |3 q; B! {" i1 p2 T* @
0 M7 a, j8 b8 N. v6 b* J1 G 117. General strike
+ r1 o8 E( c6 ]5 m" }
: x1 W0 q# `4 | F7 nCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 j/ z/ h1 h$ K, c
; A/ V6 {( P3 ]9 J& n 118. Hartal
; ]* A/ k0 ~/ P- ^9 y: p4 z/ [8 V: b! s9 x, {8 l
119. Economic shutdown! c6 M: M, k9 ?. b! o! |. R
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9 T9 m/ M* Y) [3 P3 Q
" b: d& [8 d6 h1 R* ^3 U! HTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( J: i; \6 G" V1 ~- m& s6 M4 r
6 B+ n f& m4 @% }5 V- I
0 {2 N/ `! b6 N' R& D( t7 _Rejection of Authority
5 K6 G7 y L% r! A0 X7 ]( `4 K 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 y9 ~# A- o7 i! K7 z$ y) c
121. Refusal of public support3 ~: b, ]# w: J( G8 O% \
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance. A3 a' U4 M$ G1 x7 [1 a
% x/ h6 w+ `+ G8 K2 hCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 H% z, b b/ G, @3 t 123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ d" b) |! P3 ^ ]: E w
124. Boycott of elections
6 \, |5 v+ v0 p: F7 H" N% V# p 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 R0 L) ~* o R- y$ K1 ^- _ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ y) k, ?$ A7 k. D/ G4 V/ \6 e- j% b 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- j6 W# q9 _! X% ] v7 b- e& _2 w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& m8 o. a% b/ ~0 P
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. {9 n8 t6 j% Q, L$ ~- A
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 r7 }- D( S, T- e1 N 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 q7 t# Q' u# `. N6 M1 {: ` 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 R0 c7 s* c) w' j) ]9 ^& w
* ]' W! d+ |' }" x
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 o4 c/ U/ k* i0 l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 X( c! S$ V: J y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 X% n. Q5 J. j0 G( {9 g( x. I
135. Popular nonobedience
u2 Q- ~, o* H: M6 m$ { 136. Disguised disobedience
$ \1 Q: P. K; P' ]! Q9 Q9 }5 ? 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
3 S2 B4 d7 k, l G$ { 138. Sitdown
% _+ |& U2 i F# |& F2 j/ R& D q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, }) r: [) F }4 g& ]9 W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 u+ h4 K. x! X9 H, b
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) r2 ~/ Z ? V/ `& }! v7 u; ]. s- m0 Y
Action by Government Personnel
$ A0 w( B' |; X' F4 G% v6 v3 r3 ?3 R9 U* y 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 s0 ^: E9 R3 {% ^* T) j% j5 L 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 o5 G1 p" t+ B: ~( v. Q
144. Stalling and obstruction! C, U( H. y, \8 ~4 S
145. General administrative noncooperation
8 }% A+ n. O) c' M) h
# t. ?7 p& Q( r+ P0 N5 T 146. Judicial noncooperation
* @+ o3 \% _% Z& j) v. k 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
|$ |8 O }5 U$ j7 ^5 c2 f5 B 148. Mutiny# ]4 P1 ?7 {2 b* }$ B J2 M3 r5 a
Domestic Governmental Action
. E& _( I% |$ n2 Q4 N; F 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; {' V( W7 j* ^8 h 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
1 n2 _: q( R& _; C8 O! t; W
: P2 b/ j5 u ^" sInternational Governmental Action
( N: u- x& k; {# S5 P+ V 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 I$ T: ^: s4 y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 N3 ~! C$ ]' C) _4 s1 D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 v2 K/ B, Q3 W. T3 U+ d
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- p7 E& K3 I9 @3 x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, S% I; e) N0 u, |8 }+ _/ ~, G 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% w& ~; ]8 \0 M 157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 n7 b0 d# L7 L
1 {% N" D: c% s
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8 n! g7 A9 q$ MTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 q6 |4 W! ^- R5 n! P4 X
5 u, R; o2 e; @# n" D1 N# l ! g3 F; M/ s7 F; ` d& E* L
Psychological Intervention
; w( u! e; w; p1 w, j 158. Self-exposure to the elements' i- ^1 n: C8 \. ]4 S- h
159. The fast8 V- E! W$ f6 q" `
a) Fast of moral pressure
9 J9 r8 N2 W6 w( |, z0 d b) Hunger strike# p& D |/ P8 G2 I3 T% Z c
c) Satyagrahic fast
3 B/ S$ p" v3 @! [& s 160. Reverse trial: j3 z0 k: P' ^# i! h9 a$ O
161. Nonviolent harassment. t* Q; \ A7 b; V: [; h. w8 _
: [. x/ M$ o A5 R% D, V9 j
Physical Intervention7 p. k8 x+ U& X3 t4 c; c
162. Sit-in
& b* f+ ^; v2 e, b1 p 163. Stand-in
( N# ?- i* \: r6 T 164. Ride-in
' `7 ^, P) ^# r$ |1 q% y: N 165. Wade-in8 L, t0 E& ]7 K8 H5 C# s& S6 L
166. Mill-in% p$ A8 W4 `! F
167. Pray-in% H4 z* b, ~2 i- j9 t( r
168. Nonviolent raids9 ?+ y: j0 {) ]+ m i: i
169. Nonviolent air raids
# N8 B0 _! Z' R& R- R& t* P 170. Nonviolent invasion1 ^5 @, u6 Y U7 t6 D7 \9 X8 `: }
171. Nonviolent interjection% h5 x/ I7 U' Z5 H# _6 B4 z
172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 C# R, E8 Y" Y' [ L 173. Nonviolent occupation* g( r3 [' X. o1 h0 _& x
- r/ b7 ~! |* qSocial Intervention
: y# P; M2 K5 Z! K# k2 z! [ 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 R; H- o) d) j4 F 175. Overloading of facilities, {5 n' c" n4 Z' i( F/ a
176. Stall-in: N/ _( [) h' T& T M. t1 q
177. Speak-in5 r, o2 x9 x+ w5 D! c& p
178. Guerrilla theater
5 R& t" L% t/ _+ C9 S( h+ g! D 179. Alternative social institutions
" N4 Z9 }7 n+ F* a* L, `2 e 180. Alternative communication system2 }% S6 t' O7 p' H: k
3 p z8 k' [! v1 H$ G* |% UEconomic Intervention. d5 k, ^( }5 f, L& o' w8 ?0 L( e
181. Reverse strike
5 J' E; R2 b9 m% n: G3 O 182. Stay-in strike
* z4 u2 T6 O: Y; a6 \% H4 V 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ ]; v8 P, M9 y7 y$ Z9 l6 [ 184. Defiance of blockades
1 d. c: x# J7 Y$ Q* x 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: E- p, E+ {; w% B# b6 |
186. Preclusive purchasing/ C! D$ u$ j, w3 w
187. Seizure of assets
1 R- E9 ?$ U/ v* I; b 188. Dumping
- M6 M- q( p2 M& }% p 189. Selective patronage
/ B$ F9 `* d* X' ]) o5 | 190. Alternative markets
( O: C6 h6 \% y3 M; W a+ u 191. Alternative transportation systems1 c1 K' t6 Z. k, U/ w. Q
192. Alternative economic institutions4 b# o4 c+ R1 Z4 [) t
4 Y" l! n: W& t/ P5 DPolitical Intervention# m' D! I0 e5 `; G* G0 z1 Q; ]! b8 _# m
193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ \# ^3 V. j {/ C 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 C+ q0 b: A7 @
195. Seeking imprisonment
, @- X, f0 Z2 J4 d4 b, u" U# `: ] 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 X5 x8 r5 R; _3 @ 197. Work-on without collaboration
! K* Q9 P: Y# W, u 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
8 x7 N4 ]7 m8 F5 [( x1 w: O5 R* L% W- v: B9 G4 G( Y7 S
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
