 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% U0 V6 _' K XFormal Statements
; y1 A8 y. K/ a6 a" c5 z) Z 1. Public Speeches) a: j- G/ ]* Q- m' T$ A
2. Letters of opposition or support0 n( l) D: A* L/ v! ]
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& M- r% R f* D h! E I# \ 4. Signed public statements
4 r- }2 J$ q; w) G6 `' G 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 G$ D2 O7 E8 k( m, t% O& N 6. Group or mass petitions- ?- S C# p G" V
3 a% s4 S/ L7 a8 `
Communications with a Wider Audience1 E$ u/ X" T8 n1 R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 Y% [9 c& ^) f, n: {/ j5 w4 M S4 S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' C/ A, S# B8 W/ l
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 t8 `2 X* ]$ c$ s9 K& I2 I$ t8 a 10. Newspapers and journals
1 W& G8 \3 `9 W& a# I. l: s 11. Records, radio, and television
3 W- ]0 a$ C a' _% D2 q1 [ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" k4 n" D9 n" ?5 t
9 l* |8 F" C) G4 y* W5 F! zGroup Representations1 \/ C0 _' G X/ E# ?4 @
13. Deputations
" W& s$ W( k( g! `3 }" H$ e1 _- g5 M 14. Mock awards* e. t$ M0 e W3 g j7 X9 ^( s
15. Group lobbying
+ g5 k) t0 x, v$ ?6 f 16. Picketing
7 r( D6 z* T5 Q( e 17. Mock elections4 n8 p( J) Y; `4 [+ [
" u+ ~# ~* u. @/ m; h5 ^& pSymbolic Public Acts
1 R# F3 m# Q' c) C, G! i$ r 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ s5 H, _6 D, N& M" w
19. Wearing of symbols3 q3 R8 s! p+ w5 v
20. Prayer and worship2 B v+ A! ^- P! ]
21. Delivering symbolic objects. M) u* J. h: X Z& p8 M7 H4 G* @" A
22. Protest disrobings1 O Q9 n" l, v
23. Destruction of own property1 @9 [( d% b5 W9 N: ]
24. Symbolic lights
/ X( _9 S6 i! k, x7 Y/ y 25. Displays of portraits
3 p7 Y) C% a# q5 }7 U, S0 { 26. Paint as protest
' _: t( B" D+ d. p 27. New signs and names* Q* _0 f$ ]: m
28. Symbolic sounds
0 D& {8 s, k! R 29. Symbolic reclamations6 v8 ?9 |. t2 F5 m0 _' S
30. Rude gestures
0 p" F' I1 Q9 {* q1 a5 m u( k1 l2 N% X- g7 v/ q
Pressures on Individuals
0 S1 @/ ~9 ]7 n/ U, a% K 31. “Haunting” officials
, B1 W# H+ F% N8 z* E) `4 R 32. Taunting officials% T0 q$ E0 W5 I! {* p {
33. Fraternization
+ h; o8 s$ M+ U) Z, m 34. Vigils
# D1 W! C4 |: R- c3 {/ h2 N' l1 I7 c, h' M$ T/ P$ X* @- c
Drama and Music
( V) X0 u4 p" {) {4 W6 e7 q4 W 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- ?/ k& c8 n! t% u. R, k 36. Performances of plays and music
. P( d& j9 w. s, q" ^, F 37. Singing* c x& L( r& a# h- j0 \1 Q5 @ I
+ l1 p7 n/ Y/ L2 AProcessions
8 D' Q. Y. ^' K! z, ~% ^; o 38. Marches
' Z7 O* |9 L6 S 39. Parades
- |( {( s, l* E% P: a 40. Religious processions
0 [% V7 C/ I; ` 41. Pilgrimages% `/ y, L7 k' b) G
42. Motorcades3 J5 E/ s4 `% [/ a7 A# [
8 P8 ~/ v- m) Q2 _. W' h* oHonoring the Dead* E" l' `$ y. d0 I
43. Political mourning' L5 h; J" _8 p% m3 A
44. Mock funerals
2 r) H# q+ R- a. C+ d. |' E( ~ 45. Demonstrative funerals
- C$ G- q& a1 d 46. Homage at burial places
4 M9 l9 K9 s- H. _! m: ?
( w! o4 ?/ K; C" W# R$ d/ XPublic Assemblies
. [7 j, z1 c8 F) t" A3 R$ r* Q 47. Assemblies of protest or support* d" a: G( H) [4 n* h
48. Protest meetings
+ i1 u: [% j) l4 T& E4 L 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' c0 V( o4 u) f* N3 d2 A$ r2 d+ {3 q
50. Teach-ins2 C# ?9 O; Y4 M \9 ]3 U
6 }( [3 H' Y4 L" Z" [Withdrawal and Renunciation
& Y# I5 p9 A" d C9 h5 x 51. Walk-outs8 Z, X, M! h1 d3 l5 u3 e7 x
52. Silence
& ?% W1 L7 e9 N) h' ^ X 53. Renouncing honors
$ P7 k+ g8 L7 U7 _2 w 54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& {3 O0 C4 M; ~' J9 d0 L* s5 ?
" }" x! H. m; ~1 o2 T( Y- T2 h * ?7 e& c _* s# b, ?) o7 X8 ?1 H
! p* k9 u, H. N- V' Z" w# n* p* Z
Ostracism of Persons
* o& ^. N! q D' |* H 55. Social boycott
% v$ a5 l8 z6 o& G0 k& } 56. Selective social boycott
5 i2 V% Q) d% E7 w 57. Lysistratic nonaction [4 r7 Q# `! {2 D5 `% o
58. Excommunication0 ?* S2 f6 M: {# X- F) ~$ p0 H
59. Interdict
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/ A+ P1 V2 R1 ?2 L: B0 PNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 v x! K, s: _' m( D 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' _: W3 _) I+ N/ ~& ~& c9 F+ `
61. Boycott of social affairs
) B2 F1 l5 }2 g5 P 62. Student strike7 x, y5 A( |/ p; s2 \3 p9 S' P
63. Social disobedience2 w3 i# p! h4 D7 T+ p: [. ?/ i8 }
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 X( x V. W( v/ O6 b5 m
/ _# D' o; m1 W; N1 \) X5 P0 ~Withdrawal from the Social System
4 ^ e, v$ w$ B' `4 c 65. Stay-at-home2 _; y6 F, U% c
66. Total personal noncooperation
% ~( k9 u& m. B1 g0 c 67. “Flight” of workers" Z% R4 H4 m; S* |* _% t2 r
68. Sanctuary& P6 m F0 x2 v& }' j+ _. L
69. Collective disappearance
. v8 x1 b3 W7 } 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ X. I' M, s% N9 C9 Q2 P
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9 N# \: `! _( r' _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
7 t" M6 z. R2 }7 D$ q! K. B
' x/ K# R" q+ C+ b 4 ~3 M! \9 M* }
Actions by Consumers, ^# m1 i3 t- l
71. Consumers’ boycott$ U2 T' A/ z9 j {8 F+ y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ g3 b, [2 E3 z5 A3 p( `- t) X1 ?! I$ o 73. Policy of austerity* P5 I% ?+ }7 a( w
74. Rent withholding- A, `4 k5 [, n' D. d. ]
75. Refusal to rent1 E, h4 d3 p; a
76. National consumers’ boycott- _% \5 y0 |& P- ~
77. International consumers’ boycott
& S2 y0 E- a( X' _& P
0 B! N7 m. Q7 g4 V8 TAction by Workers and Producers z- s% k: u' e* c5 ?3 i
78. Workmen’s boycott
2 n; A2 j) n! h3 w' U# z, e* x" ^8 Y 79. Producers’ boycott
7 e. C2 b( C! N: m6 s$ G8 d. U
" C$ m1 h6 k5 r# _Action by Middlemen
$ o* K4 h. b7 w, e9 i, \3 L 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: K8 T0 j+ j6 _
/ j7 E9 |' m" _2 JAction by Owners and Management
1 G- I% y5 X# s) ^4 n1 i6 i& F, [ 81. Traders’ boycott
$ i- D! T* }+ J& S, u8 {7 s4 D 82. Refusal to let or sell property
& b5 \" M( h0 Q* f$ @+ J/ F 83. Lockout. ]' z' Y7 Q ~# a5 U1 o
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 B! y) Q$ m$ I3 D X 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 Z8 I; i$ n( `# T( F# Y" M' T8 n
) D8 X- S% n0 O- r# qAction by Holders of Financial Resources1 T1 @: \# q- _" k
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& I6 s! C; ~3 V* m8 x% q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- e# q7 N" z3 r) R! q: Q4 Y. }
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 Z, M( _. n$ y) W 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 v r9 I- j% P, ]$ K# I1 Y& v. E 90. Revenue refusal
0 v7 D6 l7 `- U 91. Refusal of a government’s money$ s6 t! @ G* w K3 Y$ s3 a
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Action by Governments
( V. u3 E+ |; S" v4 @, B9 c# L 92. Domestic embargo6 a0 D4 q, X6 g _: c# C' W4 T
93. Blacklisting of traders
0 M4 Q. H k2 \ 94. International sellers’ embargo
6 q6 Z! u8 l+ Z# ]2 i" c' @ 95. International buyers’ embargo2 {% v8 f( g/ Z8 U. P
96. International trade embargo
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2 x- c5 O' \6 F2 {
( o3 i2 Z/ \; x* B" v5 b) iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; [- z2 E& n% S$ G& C: W
9 ?9 @" [; \* G, T
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Symbolic Strikes
+ |# I+ g6 J( b* d! l( \. u' ^ 97. Protest strike
: ]7 f! V9 P+ X% Q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ g9 N: Z: ?+ {6 G. W7 R/ i
. ^: s7 R% R# E9 iAgricultural Strikes: |" J( O5 e% `6 b5 _! x
99. Peasant strike/ e" @- L" L5 u2 N7 R1 J, @$ K/ M
100. Farm Workers’ strike$ _8 X( M p) i
- L+ k' c- E1 N! c6 S7 R( pStrikes by Special Groups
$ Z$ N) {/ l% h* s" A 101. Refusal of impressed labor- N3 x4 ^2 Q8 l+ [
102. Prisoners’ strike
1 D/ }' m7 H% B; y 103. Craft strike$ n6 n% K6 `' w3 G+ `
104. Professional strike
$ L/ b% b6 U* X4 A) W; L8 g, I
5 n$ A O6 {( c& B8 S7 s" E! K) YOrdinary Industrial Strikes
0 l! s. G% r* [7 z- c) K 105. Establishment strike" G5 B, d" D0 ~7 `0 }% Z
106. Industry strike
) e! c+ @8 Y7 ^5 k5 g 107. Sympathetic strike
8 ]( C" x5 ?4 y( y" }: O& ?4 |( ^( y$ I
Restricted Strikes K% N2 a5 T; I' z& f: f) y3 a
108. Detailed strike
4 G3 f/ D4 H9 ^; { 109. Bumper strike
2 r* l" Q& @4 U Q" G; x 110. Slowdown strike
4 V% \' r- o1 c3 {6 ] 111. Working-to-rule strike$ F# P8 G+ |. Y2 p/ K. h1 p/ e; O
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ }% |) Z, S, h 113. Strike by resignation3 A8 x, I& x6 h: p
114. Limited strike' Y$ K2 E' S& V& [; }
115. Selective strike
. Y4 n2 G6 G7 @, U" E8 {
6 Q! t" C( e9 Z5 yMulti-Industry Strikes
, M0 [1 \) p: C7 `' z8 `0 I# l3 K+ u: ^+ `, p( Q% r Y- E
116. Generalized strike/ G6 {& \# S0 J/ `3 W
! `5 m' L. B4 z1 _. R* \4 b P
117. General strike" T2 \- B. W9 |0 m/ Z9 A. T9 t
" r+ _2 H5 n; i B& L2 U
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures( a: W+ m. _# M- f
5 Z: n9 l/ B$ S% { o 118. Hartal; E( ?5 v. u8 h7 f$ A) z4 n' r
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119. Economic shutdown
6 y+ q* `; Y- r6 p1 i: y! [ [) i# \- C2 b4 \& i" a2 c) O1 J
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 x" d+ {: Z5 s }, n
i3 l& O2 ?/ u) e 5 e X" J, b' N
Rejection of Authority
`4 L7 E( A+ Y" ~5 O( W' J8 o 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 F! e2 Y6 d9 C* c' ~; z. A5 X
121. Refusal of public support
s6 q. e( Y# c/ u 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 M. F" L. F5 @& L* S4 T6 |8 e6 R5 Y' H/ C2 p% p. j2 o2 Y# }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government# X k/ f9 O0 b
123. Boycott of legislative bodies" \6 k; s9 \+ ^% c( d6 a! c3 x
124. Boycott of elections
" z# @; Z1 v; H( A9 Z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, D% `3 p- G/ }7 n& w! y, _+ I, T% X: [1 Z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies8 b' }! S5 A3 \ l# A
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, t/ W! w5 g2 U; ^/ k# y 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. e5 x8 ?7 X3 a0 T% z5 f' i& ~
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% C+ d9 f* V' C
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 M! V0 M/ ~! _8 K" K2 W 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* B$ Y& ^# X8 M/ U0 l
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! x) I+ b+ C* q& W8 G+ q! P. T3 ]
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; O6 x0 C7 \% r& |3 i0 ? 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 a2 c8 e( u0 }0 m 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 y2 }& }; N0 ?$ s9 K 135. Popular nonobedience
; q7 J, P# S! F/ G& s0 _9 ~ 136. Disguised disobedience8 R' C+ \8 W. Z+ i0 W
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% a/ B. \& e4 D; M! m7 {4 T2 z
138. Sitdown+ J- V1 K. y/ z: O8 N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* w+ d4 b# B0 @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& b8 y, X9 e, i- a5 @
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, s0 D# z& u- L1 F! f& B1 u- Z _ D: W( ?6 s, k5 o5 A* ?
Action by Government Personnel6 [( x& [, y' k4 E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 }) C: N+ R. H
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' {0 p! q) Q7 s, U j 144. Stalling and obstruction
A; [6 O1 n# I3 x3 t' \: t 145. General administrative noncooperation
3 p2 w* T. X' _7 [2 v! X* A z3 U
( N+ G* q* W7 F) |; F 146. Judicial noncooperation; w# Z& F" F' p, a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) x1 w; H# _4 T; @1 q7 z" w7 y; ~ 148. Mutiny
N+ A4 d8 `" y8 _, ODomestic Governmental Action5 A8 C$ q! h* ^) c' \& u/ Y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays C( {1 q# `/ M" g
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ z/ a5 L- M2 u- h/ p
$ k* Q7 m M% _( v- A3 X, q7 v
International Governmental Action
! B- ]4 r2 N, l$ |" k7 U' r 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& d- @& N5 o; s& e 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- m+ n2 i* |$ E: k2 Q1 w3 x! s 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. n+ h8 y0 |! d3 m8 L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 p/ z* x" }6 \7 N M0 m! f9 Y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations; P4 o1 E, i8 s2 G5 b; g
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: R& t, N8 ~' \0 K; r
157. Expulsion from international organizations7 a& T9 V7 |" G$ N% B2 o: W6 ?& G- n
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/ u; g4 B" E2 _8 hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 w+ B/ R8 [+ R; M' S) u$ `
2 W6 R' m/ N: w, |
, j# q) V$ g6 ZPsychological Intervention' h# a4 x7 ?. t- M& L# s: I
158. Self-exposure to the elements, b w+ V* Q; E, c
159. The fast
' o: e3 z0 ~4 q a) Fast of moral pressure
: [2 @. P+ b, M$ M' ~4 h3 H+ u/ j b) Hunger strike
) @# _3 A9 Q, T/ V& l/ g5 U c) Satyagrahic fast* ~* T w3 |& m9 y: g: `
160. Reverse trial
0 C4 J# o0 X5 O5 O3 D# @* D. A 161. Nonviolent harassment4 e' X5 w Q6 O/ S0 [
: Y1 ~) i1 S0 s! \0 m. U( k
Physical Intervention
* [) T5 [" Z$ `0 l+ D; L5 H" | 162. Sit-in
( i, {% m! L$ u* t% ^0 `8 M 163. Stand-in
1 i. s$ U4 l" w2 i0 d 164. Ride-in
7 X" f9 |# b; Z9 g: `% W7 N 165. Wade-in* t8 ]+ u+ e: E- y
166. Mill-in7 m+ U% _- ^- L+ R0 V
167. Pray-in+ Q3 ]; r9 M3 Z$ r8 ]7 d
168. Nonviolent raids
5 U' a& T. m( V' S" B 169. Nonviolent air raids A2 S0 Y$ b% Q [
170. Nonviolent invasion
' K1 n. |- X( a8 D2 U. C 171. Nonviolent interjection) h [8 x0 u! n7 Z6 F: Q. y
172. Nonviolent obstruction
* e% D2 S. H1 `6 O: Q8 x% h1 c5 S1 r 173. Nonviolent occupation
8 ^- S8 Q# A. U
q! p2 q! T k6 J6 L$ E B1 P. XSocial Intervention1 F \ _ Y8 _, U- w
174. Establishing new social patterns
8 {/ G. ]8 M/ [/ [# q% e 175. Overloading of facilities
# X8 U6 _6 @2 _- q# p% K 176. Stall-in! I/ O, E. q1 s: N
177. Speak-in/ M/ k) h. u- m( R6 r% y
178. Guerrilla theater
5 {! M& u. _9 g( @( q 179. Alternative social institutions! ]6 i0 m/ f a" n8 N3 n
180. Alternative communication system4 l* Q7 `- S4 ~$ e" f. v. t
7 W( f0 ~& V8 f7 h* j4 [Economic Intervention
8 g8 L4 _" V9 ]) S7 S7 Y 181. Reverse strike
& E) F$ A3 C, E+ } 182. Stay-in strike
# M' `! D; c3 e7 s 183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 u% D( D8 h3 Y3 x e c2 x; I 184. Defiance of blockades6 Z. L X0 r" H* }7 U
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
+ K- [+ D! g1 W9 S 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 q3 L2 D6 M+ p 187. Seizure of assets: F3 F% I v; t5 l) q2 o: m
188. Dumping0 T/ f1 O1 k8 u
189. Selective patronage
( V- ~8 w2 M. |5 h% B 190. Alternative markets
/ @5 _' {% e' p' R; {& T' o 191. Alternative transportation systems/ I& I9 x R' m& M, k
192. Alternative economic institutions
* E# B" x# i2 r5 t/ F8 N# t+ B# z+ C" |/ r
Political Intervention# ^! a/ ~. P! L- j6 r4 Y9 _
193. Overloading of administrative systems1 s1 @% d# x$ T7 n( e
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- h/ L; F1 ]' b" }
195. Seeking imprisonment; |+ F- a, [7 N
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 Z, p1 x1 U# E3 }- D
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 ^+ O. W' T- v& D( j 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
