 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ j( E t' a. l3 ]! dFormal Statements' }5 m8 p) h' I! _& {8 W; O5 H
1. Public Speeches0 i' H" m. i# u
2. Letters of opposition or support: R) ^2 {* S+ I5 J+ M+ N& }; E
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ R# N+ l# T% `! q8 h1 J% O; `
4. Signed public statements
" }! j5 a$ ]7 I! i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 u% z3 a. N, A% g, ?+ V 6. Group or mass petitions: @2 z9 B( _: T! o# ?( }
( D, ?! g( p3 W% G. R) Z7 X: z
Communications with a Wider Audience- o/ m/ L7 j; c3 s4 F
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" ?! O6 J8 x/ L7 Z$ ?7 l# l 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
B" \' ?. N% E7 M, y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 g6 u* E1 K/ N9 T 10. Newspapers and journals, i+ f) X+ Y$ X b! e( @
11. Records, radio, and television
$ C5 o" R+ M& H2 i2 m) s- ] 12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 \& n1 H2 R1 W- w5 F( N
! c4 V' c3 F W/ d$ T* Y
Group Representations
1 ?; s7 z0 V2 k/ E/ x" ? 13. Deputations
* g* m4 f1 B; M: k# f1 R 14. Mock awards a7 n g- Q: o/ ]5 h
15. Group lobbying
+ @' l) p4 Y/ o, k6 y, E- u 16. Picketing
. ^ |7 e+ c; S5 c% t 17. Mock elections
h" l8 o7 r, y4 V& m: S
( v5 V6 h g, `3 f5 _$ BSymbolic Public Acts
( U" \' u# V8 E 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ V: B: l3 S- k5 ~; V
19. Wearing of symbols
( V2 ]$ @6 s' ]0 F9 w9 d3 X 20. Prayer and worship1 e% s; v6 H, B0 S4 |
21. Delivering symbolic objects" j" p' A7 T! ]7 ]# `
22. Protest disrobings1 h* Q- v" M1 w, H2 U; A! j
23. Destruction of own property
; s A$ o4 F# [7 t" z: B9 q& G* y2 y 24. Symbolic lights: G% d- f0 h( H L! P$ |+ [
25. Displays of portraits, m7 v9 a1 H: \5 ?% i8 I
26. Paint as protest& }+ Y! B+ n% C9 O1 c+ S
27. New signs and names
4 F3 v! B4 Y& M! h* Y 28. Symbolic sounds4 Q2 A. V: t2 C
29. Symbolic reclamations! U# E \7 F1 F* s+ O; V, a
30. Rude gestures
8 V+ ]8 |# ^" x$ x
: }$ g1 I3 p# P2 \: mPressures on Individuals
$ R- E9 K9 W A1 [2 f3 ?- H% g 31. “Haunting” officials( W# ?) L) J! W3 j- I; ^' a7 ]
32. Taunting officials* l4 g& V( s% F% S$ _ z
33. Fraternization
$ s. ~2 q9 C' T' ^9 ~* Y( B 34. Vigils
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Drama and Music" L; v# I+ `6 d' X4 T
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 O. ?2 Q. B) v, @
36. Performances of plays and music
e+ Y$ x; T. m( ]2 P% y( C% a 37. Singing
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3 \# Z A9 u6 S3 E* oProcessions2 L9 [/ Z# f6 z+ t+ v t3 ?
38. Marches
& v, ^1 k3 \8 D5 A$ V# e/ j- e 39. Parades( L2 h* ?! X# g8 Z7 |" D, M
40. Religious processions/ h7 k0 _$ r# g
41. Pilgrimages* z, h6 G" d- W
42. Motorcades7 S5 S: K y1 F8 t+ y2 V: R- q
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Honoring the Dead
8 F0 ^% W) s$ l. \( w3 | 43. Political mourning
- G( X l3 h# A$ k2 F9 V* U$ Q d 44. Mock funerals; e, P8 f9 X! O" `& _
45. Demonstrative funerals
+ j. }9 p9 E% M7 j0 G 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies7 p1 N1 p1 I, X( F7 A. q% M, Y* f
47. Assemblies of protest or support# x/ n: N, f. O/ A; @) `) A/ O
48. Protest meetings) ] O, B( M9 r) V
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ D B' p8 o6 D% N8 D# C
50. Teach-ins* }+ o) ^+ q4 }
, _8 _3 _; [. j3 f# eWithdrawal and Renunciation
6 d4 L& k1 k8 b5 ` 51. Walk-outs
5 N# a" R, o% v9 s, S: n+ _+ _ 52. Silence
. w: @0 o/ P/ O! t2 p: z0 L5 @ 53. Renouncing honors9 z/ L2 J! ], i; Z- g5 U
54. Turning one’s back
9 Q* r: C) c- e/ H. Y0 y% G
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! b! {. q' V, NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
2 D8 t& ^% K* {$ I; q. @' H+ }, ]. H 55. Social boycott+ G" F% d M' f& F6 g: W+ ]
56. Selective social boycott( w5 ^5 s3 R9 L: u5 W0 t& t. ^
57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 z! z2 g3 m4 E' L8 k3 g' _9 | 58. Excommunication* M5 B$ [2 q( f' _) o* z- a# G
59. Interdict
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B, b( W' v1 U& \3 O: XNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" c6 M" t1 `& ?* K
60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 w! E! |7 i' M
61. Boycott of social affairs' h @! a$ Y, R/ V4 c6 v
62. Student strike
# F" {8 q' _. @5 z; L6 Y; q 63. Social disobedience. a. G+ w( ]0 N! W0 c3 [
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System; r4 w! i& n2 d, W g) r6 v
65. Stay-at-home6 h4 G% O' P: L8 ?3 r% `
66. Total personal noncooperation- }* m% X! O" h; n7 E4 U0 `. X" q
67. “Flight” of workers6 B/ F) q9 ^" _% h
68. Sanctuary
) K- S" a' g2 |$ A' X7 A+ O, f 69. Collective disappearance( c- @% i; q) U# h G b
70. Protest emigration (hijrat). r W+ S# s2 L" e
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B4 { A. m( A2 f+ XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ \7 t: g, v0 V- r6 m4 V- Q! ^0 q8 n
3 V: v5 ]" T6 G* m6 h 9 j9 P. M P8 x
Actions by Consumers
( W; q3 G. ^) Z- v3 W; d 71. Consumers’ boycott
4 v# W0 `2 c! h 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods! ^) W, b; }+ E. I
73. Policy of austerity
' c9 G8 J0 r+ o g9 Q8 |! e8 P 74. Rent withholding
0 K1 L$ _- ~. H" m3 H8 S+ c 75. Refusal to rent
4 U$ K8 i0 O& x# r7 O; t& m 76. National consumers’ boycott. K- k2 ?& V3 L% w- v
77. International consumers’ boycott" [2 p8 y& C+ f7 w5 x
! J( \/ z" x5 C) z h ^Action by Workers and Producers% h, m' J0 e; g3 y; J u/ Z
78. Workmen’s boycott
' a' O% N v, H2 a! q 79. Producers’ boycott
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4 N) M; a+ l( ?9 hAction by Middlemen4 i& M" k" L# {1 X9 G
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; S' q% `2 B6 o( B8 @, f
* V3 Z+ o0 {, P1 [3 N8 [ Y
Action by Owners and Management
) f' h( {- t; y9 v' q6 `2 o 81. Traders’ boycott
* _/ I0 j: |/ A8 e1 B2 c 82. Refusal to let or sell property' B0 Y# j* o/ m% S$ n. \7 S" |
83. Lockout
6 s, m; }; I- N( W% l& L o* g 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: S3 A9 b! K) m; I2 ` 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% \: `# a2 h! z5 x* y# I- h8 J
4 X* L+ M+ _3 n+ y! w: K
Action by Holders of Financial Resources$ X1 V3 Z o( M$ e- v8 c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. u: ~* `* G7 P O
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: s# o7 |8 i( c* L
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! j6 d" t1 z* B$ o$ C$ E 89. Severance of funds and credit
( R" r) g# E, P 90. Revenue refusal9 Z& Z- t( L! b1 b1 p
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 `% A/ ?( l% t- a0 g* f
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Action by Governments
$ o8 [7 ]5 e3 h4 ~8 J; J7 Q# {1 S 92. Domestic embargo
+ W9 F& O, F) \1 O, G 93. Blacklisting of traders
# j- m: D# \" G; G4 ^7 T 94. International sellers’ embargo/ E, ]; _2 R( j" q, ~) g- |9 s+ Q
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 Y7 Z& N) D7 A/ ~: @3 g4 g$ [ 96. International trade embargo: ^$ {+ i; ~0 m9 N; K" y
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& {$ d4 `5 p1 YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 q8 \9 w/ l6 h0 M2 @; k
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: `, {" M! J+ N& Q6 kSymbolic Strikes& q% |3 Y; o8 X' J' G K
97. Protest strike
. a) g' N. f3 J+ ?1 ]5 S 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 f, L- o! t0 @2 f+ j
% \* c; {9 d5 W# @+ aAgricultural Strikes
: n6 [5 j$ E& f" d 99. Peasant strike( Q0 @8 d$ W: B9 N& m3 Q5 ~
100. Farm Workers’ strike$ K' B1 x1 b+ o1 e/ k
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Strikes by Special Groups6 k$ J O# {& N
101. Refusal of impressed labor/ }6 L- q4 g2 G1 r( R- H8 I& K
102. Prisoners’ strike# T" \; F/ i+ S9 z7 O- ^
103. Craft strike1 b l0 Z! F- g6 K6 a- U
104. Professional strike7 U2 m. s$ x x; P* s& I N( L
6 J. Q2 |. n) Q! X! c0 M0 ?) ^- c
Ordinary Industrial Strikes) u% m! [2 e# S* _0 s, [6 V% D3 h
105. Establishment strike& ]. e3 ?7 @. q8 l, \8 `1 g1 c
106. Industry strike
& b9 u" J: D3 U; Z 107. Sympathetic strike
2 ]" _' \8 T# L
0 u1 [. u5 Y8 T- f, _# ]Restricted Strikes
7 _* q7 a9 c+ H1 H5 N- N6 X( | 108. Detailed strike' N4 V5 p5 M# G0 k. i
109. Bumper strike! G6 D. x K) c
110. Slowdown strike
) K$ c' `/ c J1 G 111. Working-to-rule strike4 }! o+ f* W9 {* o2 I7 T, J
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 g1 ^+ D: s9 ?
113. Strike by resignation
: K" _$ X7 W2 V% c2 ~* m, o* v 114. Limited strike' @7 w6 c' ~) E% L& H+ P, O
115. Selective strike, I3 Q) m% M! X9 O1 _
, H; e" d: \2 D! O( o
Multi-Industry Strikes
2 O P8 v* [; h( M9 q C* M9 B% \# s, }
116. Generalized strike
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6 v: K+ O, p" g: M' y 117. General strike" B- X" B9 C: ~1 w, Q3 D9 r
6 ?" M, }" D4 ?Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 @4 j/ X# L c0 t# f: F% l3 _. D
6 t" b4 v" |1 @* V8 p 118. Hartal
2 {) H E9 B' E
/ x1 d$ w; ?: J$ w! n, y' l 119. Economic shutdown
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) g1 J, l! \8 E2 H2 Q& ETHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority& o3 B# e- T, P* @3 [
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 z: L [& O7 f; C
121. Refusal of public support+ \0 P0 k, ]$ a: G
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 q$ c& K! A; V6 N" `5 X
1 Y% @5 R r$ D+ p& MCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 R) Z6 l$ ]% ^7 y: |8 ~
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& x7 I1 }% b& d; y; g0 ]5 E) D
124. Boycott of elections! r3 B( G% y) l6 y5 l. q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 ~& ]7 H) C( M; F 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 e' W! I6 `8 W& F$ h2 v4 ^$ x- Q8 X
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 b0 `6 A( f4 ]! w. y3 a/ {8 i, k
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations* `' m' E" Y$ v2 @4 H& ]. t
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! \* ^7 `" s0 [! m 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks2 z7 w7 ]+ f) O' V# ~' H
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 Z5 q) _; y+ w# h6 L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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& s! C5 M3 [$ C: \7 I/ `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, ]- G3 P, f! c+ d: R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ d" k" _9 n$ `6 i- `7 b4 h
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" O' b# ], X) z8 N+ L$ W% q" w
135. Popular nonobedience
4 n0 g) a" y' ~7 J- I 136. Disguised disobedience0 d0 C+ l3 l9 k% a2 ]7 i
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, v1 R. x" I9 h8 l
138. Sitdown" z& v6 \3 j& R' W: w0 M. d
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& a) f2 M+ x/ M& r
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ \) B% i& D6 J9 p 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' q: a) l' g* M. Z1 K }9 W9 U
. N9 }" w, K EAction by Government Personnel
& E8 w9 n' u- r2 L) m! Y) z7 O 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 J- m. w# j3 n 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! |: I4 Z- [3 M 144. Stalling and obstruction' n! m8 Y! d" S; R7 S, r
145. General administrative noncooperation/ V% h! I, v- ]% P8 F
$ h, l8 K! R% e, A$ }* K
146. Judicial noncooperation$ Y, l+ ^ r& R1 |9 D. N8 L! C% @
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! j% t% p. }4 a% C- l. a& S9 x 148. Mutiny& o. a/ z: ~1 h# |* I# x
Domestic Governmental Action
# Z" {2 r+ h. o% { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 C/ b9 a& V$ @ i
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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% m( c5 @- ?- w, _/ VInternational Governmental Action* X0 {( t8 |& j/ k# `- ]5 N
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 @/ U8 o e9 R1 ]. M& h0 M, P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# |7 Q' }: e+ \/ g0 f5 E7 L% o 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ ^8 W- m* R5 n) V, f; E. } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
; O( \- |4 t) P' R 155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 h) R; l0 M' B5 I. f& m( z+ \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ Y% \5 y- B% i% r2 f$ T; g$ p 157. Expulsion from international organizations2 d1 y! H5 p4 U5 e& g6 h
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' H. H [- u3 t$ z7 `
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Psychological Intervention
# q# L9 x) f2 r: f 158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 G; f w5 b3 F, u" x 159. The fast3 A- q! K% c c* L& _
a) Fast of moral pressure E j( r# ^4 c) g4 h4 f0 a
b) Hunger strike
% c) p% c; _% D7 J$ E8 Q/ \ c) Satyagrahic fast
9 j! @2 Q5 S: b% w2 r8 D$ V 160. Reverse trial
3 U: l j; a, V$ s 161. Nonviolent harassment/ O/ x) k5 w# `! N0 Q) k6 j
9 F# h+ w2 C, P s9 P
Physical Intervention5 v/ b2 p( p- L" S" }/ a; c
162. Sit-in
- a4 d1 t% l0 r 163. Stand-in# _8 ?; G# j; P4 G Y! B9 \
164. Ride-in
/ b5 ]" g. K% p' s- l2 E1 C 165. Wade-in9 t6 d# O5 c" {( }
166. Mill-in% v: \" a1 R. Y9 @! f' A
167. Pray-in
& G; }8 j+ P1 W! h: v& v+ P 168. Nonviolent raids
' @; ~1 I! U o5 o- I# v 169. Nonviolent air raids
5 Y7 |( u( n; C% Q/ p# h9 ` 170. Nonviolent invasion
. O- \6 L) X; @# ?3 n% i$ m- [ 171. Nonviolent interjection
7 f# J/ B a5 T3 S5 ]& h6 m 172. Nonviolent obstruction# d- y( ^- G1 X% `- ?: ?
173. Nonviolent occupation9 i$ V6 W7 r4 T, e* |6 X; d- t" F6 y
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Social Intervention
& w0 }7 e3 v8 I& T1 q 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ I1 b5 T0 b& h: l1 [5 B# ^ 175. Overloading of facilities7 v" A3 _# }1 v7 G% m" i8 D
176. Stall-in
5 |1 \' [, b+ r. B6 |- V- ?: i 177. Speak-in* c3 Y4 b' s1 j) |# I2 h
178. Guerrilla theater
, U8 Y/ c f9 A) l0 A5 A P" n 179. Alternative social institutions$ B$ d6 o: A6 b/ V$ J- M/ j
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention/ x! M0 ~+ P# X: }# F5 X
181. Reverse strike
$ ^! [+ m5 ]2 }. W& L! }9 i# q/ H, L* t 182. Stay-in strike
1 S$ k$ N" o& s& g 183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 X q1 I6 b; K3 a 184. Defiance of blockades" G( h7 }( D( `, e" v7 l4 O9 P
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 t" |' `# @# E" u 186. Preclusive purchasing
, E" `+ R5 M* [% }* |; c6 ~ 187. Seizure of assets
6 d% u; J. V( J$ |6 N 188. Dumping
2 d( \" ~& [& P3 ^8 x, o 189. Selective patronage% V7 i z; c" Q& U( b3 u% I9 N
190. Alternative markets
6 U7 s7 T w6 E3 W. m7 q 191. Alternative transportation systems
: c2 G% s& H4 Y! g, H4 _; Q 192. Alternative economic institutions
9 Z1 l0 m5 ^8 J6 r5 O6 |( v0 P$ V* W* j" \* `5 q0 f8 s' h0 g
Political Intervention7 G: H- N0 H, d# i- I. X
193. Overloading of administrative systems( h, P* u9 {& {! J& e8 c
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" }$ W- x' l$ f
195. Seeking imprisonment; M/ k4 F+ R0 Y9 ]
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 q2 @* |1 z/ d% H- }: u' }; B 197. Work-on without collaboration
/ Z6 c; U' |% g: L( q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
