 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. p" L* c1 o# z- P0 NFormal Statements
& `0 K X8 m6 |; p4 \; C 1. Public Speeches. _' A" L3 N; v! K! J
2. Letters of opposition or support
0 l2 i1 d; D5 o 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 o0 G. h2 g$ L- E9 w2 |
4. Signed public statements
8 s3 k1 Z9 ]) ~6 M: x( w: n 5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 `! D7 Z3 x5 J' l K" z
6. Group or mass petitions
+ z# c$ T' m3 F: S& @' \
E2 _5 i3 L. v8 F* h- PCommunications with a Wider Audience1 B. }/ w/ u/ R! B; s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 g2 W, ?% _( _+ \7 f- }
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications u+ ?! j8 \* J7 S* ^
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 T; K) U7 P+ G1 _
10. Newspapers and journals" u+ l# p% n& g$ w* v
11. Records, radio, and television
" E: _4 n2 b, A! H9 j4 T; q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 R0 V) b' b; `6 ]& L% X
( J7 r2 x* x# C5 V' zGroup Representations( C% T( |: N0 R
13. Deputations) r5 b4 Y" k1 ]8 V. y
14. Mock awards" E) g0 e8 w# @) e* y" z
15. Group lobbying, w, ?1 l1 z- p5 G
16. Picketing
/ S: {: h2 `2 ~, j- b' e 17. Mock elections9 T2 F0 F8 l1 N
" t- }3 \ H K* I- ^6 d3 Q/ ySymbolic Public Acts
0 d' d& i% _$ d4 N 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ V/ e" s4 C6 q& Q
19. Wearing of symbols, l( o1 A- S- J, `: c4 n( }
20. Prayer and worship$ T" K0 h' n( [; a) Y |3 {
21. Delivering symbolic objects9 J, E( c m1 q s x& S4 r& n) |
22. Protest disrobings
* P) D4 P! N( f1 P c 23. Destruction of own property7 R5 [ s, ^) |$ ?) Q/ l( F
24. Symbolic lights
* f7 ~% M& S0 D! t8 p7 p4 I( s 25. Displays of portraits
+ L5 {7 _/ g8 u 26. Paint as protest
# `; h. Z# n* S! B 27. New signs and names* q5 l* P; y$ f9 P v, K
28. Symbolic sounds5 J' u v# k0 [! | p% f1 K$ I
29. Symbolic reclamations9 u9 R5 ]! o! C1 v$ o9 e
30. Rude gestures
) [5 R8 n& e2 M/ L) |
! v! w h# z! w# ~% @: VPressures on Individuals
5 Y8 v! T* T6 K2 b" P x9 d4 R 31. “Haunting” officials: s8 o7 K/ s$ A" v# E3 m0 U+ r, U
32. Taunting officials( [8 D0 M, I- N1 O0 \7 L: n
33. Fraternization
2 \/ X9 g$ L. L7 \' K* f) A6 a$ B4 N7 M 34. Vigils
X2 q5 h5 C$ ]& h( a4 W |: D3 f& M; g
Drama and Music
! C5 v, o% }1 B. g- _ 35. Humorous skits and pranks8 Z8 Z* J/ B+ Y3 `% d" S, ~0 U# E8 {
36. Performances of plays and music
7 i9 n0 Q/ W5 o 37. Singing+ e T/ \2 A2 H6 P- ]. F6 T0 I, ^
0 @, [* I# L$ U% w8 s9 m1 bProcessions
3 n+ j6 f) Q9 r4 ]. H 38. Marches+ Y8 O* O) K0 x% B
39. Parades
0 a- e' ?0 t: v- r 40. Religious processions
. z4 O v6 Y% }! ^3 ~ 41. Pilgrimages
# D! z1 [" M% P( Q4 j# M0 z: l 42. Motorcades
( m- Y; J3 _8 T' u+ F. ]4 D5 e* T9 S$ A9 Z" t5 h: Z3 }; A1 l |, y
Honoring the Dead: F+ H, X6 _ R5 b" v
43. Political mourning: G" N5 I) l! Y, i: a$ j! T) @
44. Mock funerals
5 l" s; U0 r6 \% B6 T6 J, Y 45. Demonstrative funerals
3 J6 k4 Q5 x, r) p2 e 46. Homage at burial places
2 W; G! |% Q5 v+ Y4 G- I1 X F6 D+ T8 a/ b' d E" ]( C
Public Assemblies
0 a, J* [2 E( b/ ~1 Z 47. Assemblies of protest or support7 F/ K+ t" D& s7 p
48. Protest meetings4 Q- I$ k) |* Q* L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; C" H, P6 i5 E7 b 50. Teach-ins% o |( s, e5 I3 j! f( _8 ]
F6 w7 V! l7 O- S% H1 I
Withdrawal and Renunciation* ^* A) T, Y( O8 I
51. Walk-outs
! q1 q$ J6 G+ M2 i8 t# ^- v 52. Silence
% j5 f* t r, r8 k) Z9 [ 53. Renouncing honors9 C4 T! Y) @, q& g" B7 s
54. Turning one’s back6 V7 P- b, v7 K6 {
" @' g+ x4 L l$ O' z! e ! \. ^3 V5 l2 C) r G* u
! g# `) `6 j/ W. \) m) ^( NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 H) ~. w1 ~8 r% K% O( e9 {) |0 G w/ W8 g) a
, z. b" f0 B" e# _2 g" n& z
b0 Z6 ?8 l) U' o1 @
Ostracism of Persons
2 A3 e' r" ?2 K0 q2 j5 c 55. Social boycott! o# x0 s8 l. ?# s3 ^
56. Selective social boycott- t1 v) n9 z6 R
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# W5 j/ {- [$ ]& c 58. Excommunication
$ k) B$ x' u. k+ M 59. Interdict4 p6 S7 j _6 T( H5 S
# e/ f: V \2 C6 eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, b1 ^3 ?' F' F' b9 X$ i 60. Suspension of social and sports activities3 f/ S5 `% |! ?4 w: U. {
61. Boycott of social affairs
* j7 m( k# f' ^! j 62. Student strike
3 |$ y; d% k. ?: _5 s' j2 I 63. Social disobedience
- q+ [$ }5 F( F 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
/ B/ s' v+ l/ M1 y5 t" a! j& N8 U
Withdrawal from the Social System: u- X; ]( \9 V6 c
65. Stay-at-home
# y2 {5 T* |4 L: D 66. Total personal noncooperation
9 ]6 i6 S; h7 m5 _$ v% u 67. “Flight” of workers8 Z0 `: e; D+ ]. q
68. Sanctuary y/ y4 q; {, M; i. L, ~
69. Collective disappearance9 ^1 n9 ?) p' K! A6 x
70. Protest emigration (hijrat): f. D# x( h8 x/ w& d
! ^' n! Z2 _- u! R ) U, Y7 m) y! f: F
; q `# P: x% z u+ y- T1 RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
' c- Y$ V" e1 ?' o+ t
8 C6 y) i) k. }; [+ | 9 Y" L2 L2 [, u3 {
Actions by Consumers* a0 k9 q9 D! {( V3 y
71. Consumers’ boycott
7 C2 Z" J* a. c8 K N" Y# l4 b 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: ~' E1 J& |) u( i 73. Policy of austerity
6 n. } _- m0 T! O* j 74. Rent withholding5 V+ p; O# `7 {& n+ x: s- U8 w- }
75. Refusal to rent
' Q, ]+ j& R! i5 U' K* b 76. National consumers’ boycott
- Q4 m2 i- Y# U. B$ ? 77. International consumers’ boycott
* ]/ x/ A, R# O4 y8 R* Y" x# b2 \: `+ g& M: o% A4 i/ d, C2 c
Action by Workers and Producers# B8 J6 @, Z' g2 f" x
78. Workmen’s boycott( Y1 [: ~/ ]/ p
79. Producers’ boycott
# S0 O: ~5 |+ ?$ X0 |7 X8 l
# R: U' j* }% r! _% JAction by Middlemen
' s k R1 G$ S1 p 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; y* M* y" k* S& W4 n g0 y* |
% s6 W4 l9 \' J6 P; V1 j
Action by Owners and Management0 @. |0 B1 ]( C
81. Traders’ boycott: I8 f; M8 Q/ F* { L2 R2 ^- z0 R
82. Refusal to let or sell property5 f z6 ]9 |* x4 e+ A' C5 f1 o
83. Lockout
: M- ]* Y; b! j& J; N; U 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 E3 k R5 y8 T. L- e* ^1 Y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”# T; J G {6 d1 Y2 f1 O4 A' f- S
8 X* @1 a7 W% q; E) U& L0 I" K5 f4 D U
Action by Holders of Financial Resources! u) M$ t: [6 x( W: T: ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" m9 e. v8 R1 z* r7 I
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; h' C: o, q3 U9 @ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 u, S2 `6 y: S% S* p7 k# T | 89. Severance of funds and credit5 x) p ]1 z$ _+ ^' B, d9 a( R4 ~8 M
90. Revenue refusal
3 W5 t, G c4 w4 X 91. Refusal of a government’s money' }6 `; @4 i0 O
' K0 ~- T, v/ v* T8 hAction by Governments
+ ?1 ]! J# h) ^& q, F/ o 92. Domestic embargo
& ?' K" J" {# y1 z$ {1 b 93. Blacklisting of traders
: n* B# N9 z {9 J1 k/ e 94. International sellers’ embargo0 g8 W- W: E2 u1 ~# w! B
95. International buyers’ embargo" m, R `4 l, f
96. International trade embargo
5 Y+ n5 y& Y- l/ k( a1 c/ E, q/ s
5 Y* i0 u( p0 v
5 C. r t; N& C$ l6 @* w. l( o& x( D6 \5 Q3 o$ h4 ^4 ]0 F' U& u
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
# J* c& g! J8 m0 _/ O, ?) n9 ?9 _" Z* J0 q5 S/ b5 P* l- S
8 A1 p- l+ N, H) N0 XSymbolic Strikes
) F8 j/ I& ^& G3 f8 L( K 97. Protest strike
1 \, e. r, F2 j% }! g 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 c1 z6 W) Z) v' a) Z2 `
5 u3 K. `$ r. J1 ^5 mAgricultural Strikes; k8 U* R- p; \' ~4 ^8 h; l
99. Peasant strike
6 T$ }$ o; e) S( ` 100. Farm Workers’ strike
, A2 z6 o) z7 g/ t* G& x" o
0 z8 S$ X4 T5 \/ K& ~Strikes by Special Groups
( O! l' [. D- M X1 B 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 U* V0 m& w H8 R# l0 A 102. Prisoners’ strike
" f6 s" K- m, z9 B 103. Craft strike
( |9 E4 W% }9 K" W$ b 104. Professional strike4 L- z2 G- O* F
0 q R: n6 p" s# P+ E
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% v8 _) }- P9 W+ B; g
105. Establishment strike$ R. Q$ m6 u9 V+ K% i9 K
106. Industry strike
1 E& U( m" ~1 y* T6 ` 107. Sympathetic strike$ r* G( ]5 ^9 J$ C
' ~7 l$ _! S" h& N9 n" }
Restricted Strikes9 I, k( e; n% k A5 c" v0 }' s
108. Detailed strike
* b8 d( e0 t4 R* n& t 109. Bumper strike
9 u" } ~0 v' F, o: e 110. Slowdown strike
+ I+ R+ q4 N9 ^6 V3 @$ K2 h& S8 ?8 O9 }8 x 111. Working-to-rule strike
; M" R' X! Q2 N4 c& S, D7 ^9 H5 I! X 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& ~' E) c1 S7 }2 O+ \1 X3 \ 113. Strike by resignation* V* \8 R3 V; T$ {0 J$ Z! r2 D
114. Limited strike
7 ]8 l! M7 g; A* {! O 115. Selective strike' O5 t$ T A* ~' Q
; S$ |$ d" s/ ~
Multi-Industry Strikes
: c( V* }6 ]2 X% Z5 I( I$ |% U) i1 O9 N% T: T. p! D
116. Generalized strike; J' p4 c9 m3 X }$ P1 s. y
* J9 u$ I' q+ T0 E7 M# X, @ 117. General strike
3 H3 N) V6 u# x1 H* T- Q0 p% @& ]4 d& @: R4 A
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- E2 F3 c- @! c A) V1 G/ O, V: q0 U0 Z* S0 x* g
118. Hartal& s" X9 b: a1 K: L$ ^: _. ~
9 d; y7 S0 Z" M0 v( y( x' {, y9 C0 a
119. Economic shutdown1 q7 k& I; [$ q# q2 F- m
3 o: e9 {0 f# d3 h8 ^6 Q
2 D2 Z! y5 y5 s# g
0 F3 n4 N# c! JTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
" F. S# L2 |, Y7 Y5 Y# W3 l& h1 [
3 H: \8 j" t" Q: u
Rejection of Authority
" d! ?( w) s+ ^: f 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 \ w7 H% P+ m1 W& `
121. Refusal of public support x2 T) _- `' ]$ {0 {2 L
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) T. h2 ^, \/ e2 \2 D& `& N
0 e5 [2 b! g$ h( ?( g$ z6 KCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 j$ v* T; K0 s k# G5 B, c
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! T4 v% r; _+ I& D/ S- ` 124. Boycott of elections
+ {' Z0 |4 d T 125. Boycott of government employment and positions' w5 R: k9 n3 \2 l: I
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, \7 s9 c1 f+ u& ~
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 e! i) K6 ^; o7 u
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 k: K1 _! j3 @. _6 \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 W$ j7 W J7 @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% ~ i8 b' w* W+ ^9 b% g& c
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. T7 ?+ `& ?9 B' t# m2 g1 g; b0 P 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 @5 V+ V8 N) _& D `! J W. K2 Q/ [# [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( W; F6 j* V7 `( _2 Y: {0 {
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# ~, D/ J p" U% @5 f& \0 a 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( H; P w) H& i% P. n+ n
135. Popular nonobedience
8 S3 B$ T3 l( O0 Y! @' Z* ^ 136. Disguised disobedience
9 O. H8 Q& e5 j& ?* E& T! y+ E* k 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! Z7 B0 y( p! `, Z# S 138. Sitdown% D A; Q% ^& c' n
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 G5 `7 a: r! e) i5 ?* p0 ~- e5 f 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities9 O* n" ]# E7 z3 x
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 k |) b- u: H+ Z" m, i
0 y; m* ?$ ~4 B, F* R/ W) _Action by Government Personnel0 s1 v) K# l) C/ j
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- F" l0 O. _" w2 [ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( g; H! q% b5 k& B3 A& }: t. x' p
144. Stalling and obstruction
" g3 q* z! v& ^ 145. General administrative noncooperation# \( T3 {3 i, v) P
. ~ a0 [. h/ {2 }- b+ d- s
146. Judicial noncooperation
, _1 d1 v0 z- S- E 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 ~: D% {3 X, j/ R0 y% {, a. b 148. Mutiny
0 d" A2 A2 Q3 }, y( |Domestic Governmental Action0 q3 P5 _4 z2 l1 G+ B- V
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
J, `9 N8 k# r* ^- x/ Z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 e5 ]4 C) J0 t, d$ ~$ C, c7 z
* W2 l, j) n6 n1 N" \" mInternational Governmental Action; |$ C: d1 Z g& L, ?
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 [: U6 h' q- N; ?: x
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 x( ~' ^0 g2 y6 v
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 w, \! |: r1 ` i" N, f
154. Severance of diplomatic relations% W" c2 c$ y% |3 Y+ w. E
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! |- K- U$ ]* b' P+ q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 c9 @) \0 q$ Z% }) y. ~6 C 157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 K% f# C! }' D S: j6 [; S
* `6 S+ _- y8 b' ~3 @ * J+ c$ k% \1 H g
4 Y5 k, R8 S1 r3 A* o
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 `+ j. O! f$ u# s+ n: O
- Z' i5 d- P* C6 a2 B8 R + O$ h% h5 p; q( [6 g
Psychological Intervention' L8 O0 ^ Z* q7 t4 D b4 s
158. Self-exposure to the elements
& ]: {% I" I5 I4 y! f6 L$ X 159. The fast
, z4 d( v2 L, C+ _& x/ @; } a) Fast of moral pressure
8 d5 ^* i! X+ G% i0 d b) Hunger strike
& @* A3 R! d$ A, |; m2 l c) Satyagrahic fast5 E- \8 i4 T- i6 f% X! K) G: \
160. Reverse trial* a- K8 y4 c8 L# K" e
161. Nonviolent harassment+ M4 o9 ~1 ^; d6 \# g% P( E3 |3 p, k
" v# O% i# b2 S* o$ e! gPhysical Intervention
8 u" k7 h: m3 V1 g 162. Sit-in
$ l9 O* D* f. H" K8 _" X9 z C 163. Stand-in j9 e% l5 {' r8 C* a
164. Ride-in
5 h5 {( }. d3 ~9 G2 [( E! J: V; G 165. Wade-in$ J# H$ }" d! A8 d
166. Mill-in
4 Y' v/ D5 a1 t 167. Pray-in
3 p* D+ D/ O2 y7 f8 w4 P. A& W 168. Nonviolent raids
7 |6 O" |% \0 v/ W' L- H& z2 g/ q! h6 w 169. Nonviolent air raids
0 L2 @1 E9 s. _& Z/ V! y* W 170. Nonviolent invasion! N) T" E, k# p# r5 k$ c
171. Nonviolent interjection/ @3 I( e7 R* [# c; }1 T
172. Nonviolent obstruction) x1 v1 u! L- r: k# O5 a4 }: V
173. Nonviolent occupation
8 H* f9 k; n* a7 w1 h/ B- O5 ]; E$ {) _ Q0 W& w0 a% D: i
Social Intervention
' }7 e! W' j9 G5 E& C 174. Establishing new social patterns
) ]5 C0 V7 L8 [: X 175. Overloading of facilities
( T4 v1 X ?' ^: _& L" } 176. Stall-in3 p" G6 O1 ^. {4 q% R* h P
177. Speak-in
) T0 t6 e9 f$ G; X! P/ X( I: Z$ ` 178. Guerrilla theater
/ x8 n& O: r. V- S- A 179. Alternative social institutions
5 c% u7 f& K4 W2 h9 k0 I m 180. Alternative communication system; D: Z/ N N8 W
1 o- J$ r% R9 @, D! d: aEconomic Intervention
% D1 |: Q' S: ?$ X 181. Reverse strike
% F; s U( C- k4 X# @, R' W 182. Stay-in strike
% h( p: e0 [, W: z) C9 ` 183. Nonviolent land seizure' `7 K6 H0 b" J4 w
184. Defiance of blockades- F: n0 c; d+ |% n
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 b5 y% X( G0 G
186. Preclusive purchasing
3 g7 f& f+ d' ~* _; J5 e4 q 187. Seizure of assets9 w# U) u, u3 g' }+ A9 e% h
188. Dumping
# L. m" B" S& k5 k+ Z9 ? 189. Selective patronage* h f6 ~1 L6 |
190. Alternative markets
" f$ v c; N, H/ x# `8 V 191. Alternative transportation systems3 d1 U: ]/ l/ g8 J! {$ J
192. Alternative economic institutions
2 w, y1 y; n& v6 C; U3 v+ e
, B& `. ~) l/ a6 @) B( ePolitical Intervention
) h7 h9 L1 J& p5 G6 S 193. Overloading of administrative systems8 }) Q9 W( N. Y0 t% i
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 G- `: o/ Y2 m: P/ s
195. Seeking imprisonment# |$ e* R4 X: v/ K- h
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 C7 c: T) X8 s) D6 _
197. Work-on without collaboration/ b$ E* @3 h# s; ^
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
, ?% b1 b A- g" J8 h/ ]1 f" }
! f4 W, m# Y. J) D, s4 a; y2 g |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
