 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ p1 b3 J7 ~- E/ ?3 w& X. ~% NFormal Statements) @$ I r* M7 R
1. Public Speeches
& C* t! y8 I5 J+ }( z# x 2. Letters of opposition or support4 U$ U$ X5 ^) G& ?& U. p
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 |7 V$ S1 B! ~5 d 4. Signed public statements8 ]8 }$ j; q3 U0 C9 _) I) d9 u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 g+ E d. M) a
6. Group or mass petitions
5 b7 X5 `0 n; A- Q/ W; R8 l' H8 s
Communications with a Wider Audience
" l! J4 E% d. j. a* }4 B( g9 W% Q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: e" f' g- O9 p v 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ \; V% h9 Q5 g1 E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books [0 o9 u, l0 U
10. Newspapers and journals
! r3 x5 Z# P. M* p" v 11. Records, radio, and television
- f8 D) M$ W4 \+ z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 N6 c% u2 s8 {$ w3 r( `) g6 d! x4 } o( [" N& E! e$ ]
Group Representations
5 D# O- Y" |1 V1 S0 v) ^3 F* F 13. Deputations. ]1 ]- T) A7 Y5 g/ P3 B3 D2 Y
14. Mock awards: l, H5 A& |/ h8 R# i' w
15. Group lobbying* c# r& ^' x3 e
16. Picketing
/ D' y( u% ?$ H% R6 a 17. Mock elections% m5 ^" T8 |6 {! ], T- R
& |# }/ ~. C; ?4 U: uSymbolic Public Acts
$ b) [% u( ~* J$ \) A7 [4 P 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. Y' O* [8 K( n
19. Wearing of symbols3 g$ S0 f: C$ d
20. Prayer and worship
" }+ D+ {9 l& P) j- O0 K% P 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 B6 M( a7 E5 o* H) q! n 22. Protest disrobings
2 @ }1 g+ ?. P 23. Destruction of own property
% u% [) ^# Y& s- z9 ` e6 [ 24. Symbolic lights" Q, Q( N3 R- `2 E; ?
25. Displays of portraits$ a# h' k3 W! g& y
26. Paint as protest
# Q! J! P7 x5 s0 T1 n; I- [6 J 27. New signs and names1 J! P6 q% v' s6 H# P( R' u
28. Symbolic sounds
( j: x7 w7 x8 N% j& z' k7 | 29. Symbolic reclamations: T2 n6 Z- |+ {6 {% ?/ _
30. Rude gestures( z% j- j R* e Z9 [8 y, I
4 U$ p+ n1 I% a- e: K, f
Pressures on Individuals# H& L1 V3 m& W9 g
31. “Haunting” officials
' @: ], O% w+ k7 ?- e# K 32. Taunting officials( @, D: g6 a1 j6 J: F& z
33. Fraternization9 h( M c2 N U( ^
34. Vigils
{( x2 Y# M# O$ R9 f) J7 A' }4 c
B; \2 j F/ d, QDrama and Music
1 G' O6 d. l0 L; N5 _/ r 35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ m% h9 G; H; O& Q4 T# k5 D 36. Performances of plays and music! ?7 {% g* I& R
37. Singing; [5 A# s; S8 X# D( p' M" r0 I3 f
4 T1 j/ i7 I) [
Processions) M/ }8 k2 c0 D9 ], w' ?
38. Marches
0 o! e4 F- p% y. ?3 ? 39. Parades
. @! g% l* j' `( ` 40. Religious processions
e+ H: z/ ]; g$ n5 W$ O) q @ 41. Pilgrimages
W! c$ a7 }3 W) d 42. Motorcades
. U* Y: J _& _7 z, o k' [2 o
( {1 t) ?" L% L! M) gHonoring the Dead
" ^" T7 l9 Z" ^" M+ x' g+ w1 n# H 43. Political mourning# K' E2 u# T, d8 D- @* H; `& r) U
44. Mock funerals8 g" i8 t: a/ x; Q; G
45. Demonstrative funerals
- S! I7 N" J/ m/ R! B9 o! a+ i 46. Homage at burial places
' \! y* [0 M4 W% p7 V8 Y' v
: C* _8 j8 S; z6 B# }) `! B0 i( JPublic Assemblies
7 N, C1 Q" T) f1 T. B$ c9 j' r% { 47. Assemblies of protest or support
. e+ w- G/ A& h) O' E( \ 48. Protest meetings! S+ k N* }, o& A1 ?$ [
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 G. A4 |& O$ t, x- g5 M9 C& L/ }
50. Teach-ins
" W- G* V- L& e% e
4 J" }2 A( Z: c9 r& \Withdrawal and Renunciation: P, O- x o& r
51. Walk-outs! W4 {5 y; J6 q q& x
52. Silence
! S8 t; t% O$ i1 l+ d 53. Renouncing honors7 _- _. Q' d" f' z- G
54. Turning one’s back' D) e8 W6 k# F- I
# O ^- d2 b$ n8 u8 Q' W
" z, N9 v3 E+ } |) w4 I( {% {, W
$ d5 x5 N" v* O9 v* Q1 G# e; i+ fTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 I0 T$ M% V9 o5 k8 I( }3 f" i4 R" |
6 f, g# n1 n. z
/ Z. T# n a9 c& V
7 f. c6 u" j5 |5 O( v6 J @
Ostracism of Persons
) D0 {) c6 x2 `2 p; D) _4 b5 Z 55. Social boycott k# J! b5 n& t
56. Selective social boycott- i7 ^7 }1 g1 n7 k
57. Lysistratic nonaction
" K8 o) Z! Z" i: I 58. Excommunication& t/ M6 L# ^" J: |; ^9 D
59. Interdict- T: s { Q) X
/ u+ }$ i- U: t' h! Q, `* w. DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 z4 E% K. C: B
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 j, B" a; k. d8 `
61. Boycott of social affairs+ `8 m5 |$ Y5 o. v1 M
62. Student strike% y" r5 n k" _) z
63. Social disobedience
" X2 H" E# T7 y# l' Y6 j 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
+ @$ Y2 D5 v! l1 B0 {$ d9 A6 ~6 g9 O! m% ]
Withdrawal from the Social System" S) i9 D1 R7 |( ` u) X
65. Stay-at-home4 {) i: ~! L6 d! w
66. Total personal noncooperation, X! j# D- r- W1 X4 s
67. “Flight” of workers
* ^: {: H- B6 x8 L 68. Sanctuary
$ Q) Y" E+ Y# ~ 69. Collective disappearance4 C1 k8 T2 g7 O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
* F6 S+ c5 d" }3 f3 I$ E; L7 t e5 i% ?, N u, f! b8 w% u
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% \& P& Y! U" r8 Q' G7 Y, WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
|! Y! [) `+ y3 q0 Y7 F |
1 u. e- L3 Y3 {: V& h
3 Y1 F s7 r8 X8 D3 RActions by Consumers
" i( Q/ C8 N/ d# G$ F b 71. Consumers’ boycott A- x# V/ k8 v X
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 e( [( P( `& }. `# N# s
73. Policy of austerity, D6 x/ [4 O3 {8 I/ C
74. Rent withholding ]( X; r! u, \2 U; Q. @) l
75. Refusal to rent$ N. j9 d" ]: E+ F0 w" s
76. National consumers’ boycott/ M$ F. x( ~3 e
77. International consumers’ boycott o6 @" m b' O0 R& G
- G. p5 n S: [! W: T
Action by Workers and Producers) B, D S: Z7 w, M" y
78. Workmen’s boycott
$ y0 Y; @, l+ F. n8 @, a 79. Producers’ boycott4 _3 p, T }2 N$ y. e
. k4 ]. I- ^; K& c, n( K" `; a- M
Action by Middlemen
/ {- {( T6 V6 }! x& z. {; S7 f 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 j; p: N+ N c7 w9 ~9 R$ U0 K7 k
0 k2 a* P1 Z3 K3 a) q: Z
Action by Owners and Management$ I9 x2 R1 u1 m T+ c1 l' a
81. Traders’ boycott
* B6 T% z. K$ A; [: e( z 82. Refusal to let or sell property
. W! u% Z& ]. x! r; G, b0 Z 83. Lockout3 [1 b+ s" S" \ o- i1 m% I! [* e
84. Refusal of industrial assistance: t8 n3 p0 R% s- c/ W3 Q, A
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. z, @$ q: F Z. j
8 w6 \3 W9 f6 h; zAction by Holders of Financial Resources
0 e* s9 G/ H0 M' | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 |2 U+ U' d% }3 \; v9 i+ K- y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& Y, I9 h+ h; K/ Y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
8 ?" r. g% t7 }% { 89. Severance of funds and credit& i9 j# |& v5 c0 m. ?. X1 [
90. Revenue refusal
) \7 e$ W8 P6 ` 91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 B h* `1 Y& I) s( @/ H3 M: T4 s2 k/ X$ A8 e
Action by Governments) r" @) J) ^7 t/ X) R9 M
92. Domestic embargo% K* E: W+ k# q s; M$ M& w
93. Blacklisting of traders8 Z# ?# v% M! V9 z! t; Y J& G5 M
94. International sellers’ embargo! r# e% O4 }& I) a
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ T2 H' w; g8 W8 h& {) j 96. International trade embargo
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D% p! J3 }$ T0 eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- c v: u2 S4 y& d* ?; C1 G% w# G1 d
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+ V3 f' y3 x2 e/ XSymbolic Strikes' ]) {4 B( N+ \2 O1 U
97. Protest strike
. V2 p, s7 A, S: w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 P. t) x y" O4 Q
( e' A3 ?8 ~/ S8 L G/ ?2 kAgricultural Strikes
% [: I$ c' Z) l5 [3 t0 X5 A4 b 99. Peasant strike( m& r% h" C; S" L- s2 l% K
100. Farm Workers’ strike
! v7 s2 E2 @8 n- j
' ^; R. W1 W( C0 |7 K6 ]- j5 gStrikes by Special Groups* i/ L8 z3 K3 _+ i1 p) i3 D+ K1 ]9 r
101. Refusal of impressed labor; h, A+ `& o- T+ Z
102. Prisoners’ strike
7 x1 i& y! ~: a, z2 u+ K 103. Craft strike+ Y% f3 j+ B. Q4 w6 ?/ S" a
104. Professional strike
2 a8 a0 ]* i7 P; u
, u) l+ a+ Y9 l+ R2 E+ n5 a! ]Ordinary Industrial Strikes
2 N% r( ~: Z& B. _ D 105. Establishment strike
7 z* e- v6 {) _, w' m3 B 106. Industry strike4 m! I0 `" i! c: A" S
107. Sympathetic strike/ C( [( O# q' ]5 \% {9 D% A% d6 |3 W
" A& w) H9 X, d: p9 H
Restricted Strikes
7 \0 L7 h9 k" P) E 108. Detailed strike4 d! @! Z& \+ T
109. Bumper strike) K1 [ [1 g' I
110. Slowdown strike
& h- y8 c8 A4 y/ x/ N1 r 111. Working-to-rule strike" f4 v% o% ?- |
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 ]! X. H7 Z/ W% a; X' E 113. Strike by resignation7 e! ^" r- A1 G& Z$ \5 E; ~
114. Limited strike, q& {, G3 W ?) r7 K4 z0 N/ W3 |7 b# W
115. Selective strike/ g1 w s- V9 H! ?/ A
+ L* z6 j- X4 [9 F! hMulti-Industry Strikes9 ?/ y: |+ s( X# Z
a, Q/ a0 C+ e0 L# |7 ^0 v0 P7 i
116. Generalized strike" H# C9 j: w; j; {- A# a* d* F
7 z/ D' g) S( D, ^8 n6 @# w
117. General strike! {/ \7 p- w2 G# }
; K+ z7 C/ Y3 d0 h
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ ]* r* S# |4 O6 q8 c5 L" H
7 p/ e$ M7 N4 Q/ n 118. Hartal
4 m8 ?. |2 Y" w0 L. p2 v+ ?4 [: {5 R9 Z2 @
119. Economic shutdown
) W, Z8 c, Z9 b6 O2 y; k8 M8 C1 w& t6 q# h4 S5 b& U- L% h3 }2 W/ |2 G
1 c& S9 m- q; d3 A, _2 r
0 B% G2 X' g0 o9 z5 g6 @2 oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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{& b1 U) o1 o jRejection of Authority$ G3 Z8 u C7 @& y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 m1 b( P' d3 ^
121. Refusal of public support
H: @$ r6 U( Q+ v z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* K- n9 M- K/ o. n% \( m
/ N* H. e" t8 E$ D: i, N; f* cCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 W, t* _- |, |( u1 o9 v9 v( F' A
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; A" a h- b$ \( l- O2 ? 124. Boycott of elections! T. G# y3 B+ f, T( ?, Y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions( b! O6 n! k0 n4 s8 F7 Q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ K7 V" I- T: s 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* M8 e. B* G1 a) S) A: k% Y6 H
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' W- [ o& e* |. s 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: \8 p; ?. x g9 b. L% e% v
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! N5 x. i) B( R# O: k5 B+ p 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, f/ M4 q9 n" ^1 w' ]7 C8 w 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ `9 y1 r& o f: C' O, q
9 X. M+ h& O% g8 o9 t
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ I N! h H, m' T# W
133. Reluctant and slow compliance) b. Q- R, p' u4 T2 t
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
0 i- U$ [$ q g% W& C 135. Popular nonobedience
: `3 o$ @ J( S( w 136. Disguised disobedience
+ Y, S: y1 W1 v0 q; m2 \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( c* B& Z$ v- x/ b9 X# E8 O. s" t 138. Sitdown$ d) s1 ? T- g/ I
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 `& l/ s$ ^" F( j" w 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* u c. L& q! z% c1 d" F) ~% ^* P
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 G8 O6 c; ?! y1 S# J, J* ?
+ |. b/ a! T( u0 @7 F
Action by Government Personnel: ]* w8 `& _9 z6 c
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* @5 t5 {3 c! I0 [8 ^9 s% R+ n
143. Blocking of lines of command and information k8 C$ P' n4 J1 l- h2 Q c
144. Stalling and obstruction$ h2 [( s8 ?' z; R! _
145. General administrative noncooperation) S5 _1 ~# p8 l
* C$ z# t, K. z/ U 146. Judicial noncooperation& E- [) v) H4 o1 p% F/ S
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 W+ _: O* m. X+ ~* X/ }% M, v 148. Mutiny% J+ ^0 e: ^" [
Domestic Governmental Action
" X, i0 |4 ^ ~: `# ` 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 \+ h( p, y: N. I7 a 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 ^9 z3 M$ c1 T# Q- z& s
# S" D, @' x9 D$ a4 z A& @
International Governmental Action2 A; h d6 ]* R( e1 p
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 {+ N" S$ i" S
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 K( c8 W( E: Z0 ~4 w
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 P) \' B+ W. i1 d& I. v
154. Severance of diplomatic relations" k5 m9 [9 \: ?/ K1 ` H
155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 y: ]( U* F( o' p/ u X% G
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 S2 {( i0 r/ {- L1 K+ [' S 157. Expulsion from international organizations6 P" ?/ I. w. j" A
7 k& j+ I" a( t + |- j% H4 _1 s7 N- I9 V O2 T
5 ~" X! _3 F- h+ ?: bTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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- }1 v+ C. c" p4 z, c% \Psychological Intervention3 j5 L( c" h8 W: T
158. Self-exposure to the elements
% M! U0 I. e6 s2 q. d( [! \; b. J; l 159. The fast
- g2 Z4 q4 _) ]+ _) ~% ~ ? a) Fast of moral pressure
2 R+ }. k' I( u. u- e! C7 E b) Hunger strike
! ?' j; X' D, m0 H6 E7 q c) Satyagrahic fast
& S: B) }9 U1 [. l8 ] 160. Reverse trial$ j Y6 d: A9 ]) W
161. Nonviolent harassment1 O; U0 Q" |# C) o& V h( O. [
* B$ V9 e2 d- \/ d7 p. M9 P
Physical Intervention8 n8 X. X, S* i X9 u
162. Sit-in
2 T0 Q* J& Z& C% S! z 163. Stand-in e. e% S7 [6 I
164. Ride-in
4 X4 H a( o) X: C) n' e' _( K 165. Wade-in
' z" d+ k2 G+ G( `$ I: ?1 I* Z' L 166. Mill-in
" w+ b: N9 E4 T' l# z 167. Pray-in
3 h+ [& |% @0 H4 v, J 168. Nonviolent raids
- M$ C- b3 V/ }. {' I 169. Nonviolent air raids1 G( f- `; ~$ t; r; ]9 m; \- r
170. Nonviolent invasion; Q( j' A7 ], j$ ^3 ~4 ?4 m( V
171. Nonviolent interjection3 a7 a7 ^0 ?3 u$ }, k
172. Nonviolent obstruction4 c; G+ x3 T, M+ s( ?) f+ Y
173. Nonviolent occupation
. ~/ B7 `8 m: i" {3 M$ D* J1 [7 R8 A8 D# ?8 b+ h! x
Social Intervention2 W8 H9 P/ I7 j- I9 L/ K$ j
174. Establishing new social patterns6 E* b q1 ?6 g' V( p+ Q6 A, B! l' W
175. Overloading of facilities
6 i* ^$ Y" C4 j2 @, c& S( G, V 176. Stall-in' Q) m+ r2 G1 s& x" t8 ~
177. Speak-in
' W4 X! ~3 H( Q 178. Guerrilla theater s C7 _" c, X, ^! f
179. Alternative social institutions
5 U( ~% R( |1 _7 E9 J" g 180. Alternative communication system
p: j' U8 [8 @ N- w0 R
/ l; Q5 V8 T) }5 [+ EEconomic Intervention) F# M6 n6 _* i E% W6 s q0 X
181. Reverse strike5 Y$ j: [2 z) d& N0 Y0 F! e: q1 x
182. Stay-in strike
. }& b* ~% R/ x& m. v: v 183. Nonviolent land seizure6 g0 [( ^4 `5 ?
184. Defiance of blockades$ Y! E, T, C/ x' d4 i& i. W
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 t6 |7 A6 E# L; ] 186. Preclusive purchasing# o0 d* m$ z p0 L
187. Seizure of assets
. h; e9 h4 q7 R& z, S! t8 G 188. Dumping
3 X' d& Z- Z% k, Q 189. Selective patronage
4 i V& D, H Y# r. m+ I' j6 @ 190. Alternative markets( x- Z4 R( |' k; {* U! M
191. Alternative transportation systems6 D% O2 f3 D# Z! |1 f
192. Alternative economic institutions1 X8 l) _& n% ?
$ b; P5 `) C+ S( R' XPolitical Intervention7 e ~5 Q' i* N, l+ l" Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems( Z* `3 U) p1 K. J' j; Y4 A; r
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 k9 [, C3 h1 r! u: t1 r 195. Seeking imprisonment
) K; z3 \- g! M( q. f( @ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! @8 h$ G" X2 M) z
197. Work-on without collaboration8 B# q& X/ {: _2 n, L0 Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% C! k. x1 k# O- y! d
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
