 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 R+ h+ ?% D* X7 ?3 W, ]
Formal Statements' X/ B4 ^8 ]) `" i- s
1. Public Speeches, A7 ~: k; ~ y- P0 u
2. Letters of opposition or support/ h3 A; v; w' V+ b
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 b& Z! I9 p. `/ m. p+ n6 p( y& v 4. Signed public statements
) n9 h" |. s; @% Z5 f' v2 m 5. Declarations of indictment and intention* E1 B& C0 e7 q
6. Group or mass petitions7 l9 v& h, d/ r% |# [( h1 j5 \
8 U1 j4 d, u- ^: }9 u
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 Y! c$ s2 u5 w) S 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 E6 u9 F+ _9 b3 [6 n 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* y! `, }" ^6 m" j% ` X 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 N1 z% c- Y9 D. j- n 10. Newspapers and journals. `# o9 L7 E7 F7 J; f9 }
11. Records, radio, and television% p& O8 I7 o- T+ H! P
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" `3 u3 H+ W2 Z7 _ d0 w/ a k' y4 x$ s# r; H% U0 E! e$ p" @
Group Representations
- j7 F( ]9 D6 M6 D- R8 M: V 13. Deputations5 F. a& Q9 R& T6 H: Q4 m+ I- A
14. Mock awards9 O1 ~ ~0 m: Z7 `1 ~! w( v
15. Group lobbying# w- S. T2 M* s% y# ]! V/ a, f
16. Picketing
W" y9 `. X8 B, ` 17. Mock elections5 c* x, [ [! }* A) ?
9 Q$ E" t; \( g
Symbolic Public Acts
0 ^5 w Y; X# i" N- _) z, j 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ E4 L3 y& |9 v 19. Wearing of symbols: _4 t1 ]2 ^$ _: `/ {- m1 G
20. Prayer and worship8 e0 W. [6 L6 y9 _
21. Delivering symbolic objects% V2 ~( r1 X$ l$ Z- p( _- F
22. Protest disrobings
/ d/ B1 z- F' t# }' I' @# U 23. Destruction of own property
u& x5 t: g7 F0 A/ B" Z3 E% ]& ] 24. Symbolic lights
. {; m9 `! X, a2 c& M 25. Displays of portraits- s! ^& ^( ?* p3 b, v# K( G2 |
26. Paint as protest' d* d& K: m; a. ~# Z8 c* ^
27. New signs and names
0 G a5 k- c& n F( \ 28. Symbolic sounds
+ _9 q5 E' ] n2 f* F. g 29. Symbolic reclamations
P2 B3 K% X5 q6 d6 e 30. Rude gestures
% T1 F. [5 R2 A8 S( Q$ _) }
% ]6 A" x+ ]; M" y: DPressures on Individuals
9 z e- D4 \7 n! U6 z, y: e+ ] 31. “Haunting” officials& M) v9 f+ U& u7 w% J; R7 g/ o
32. Taunting officials
3 w7 G; Y. A% `& }2 t0 Z9 U 33. Fraternization: {: Y, S6 x6 P3 ~$ E, M- O
34. Vigils
- Z) F8 B/ `6 q4 w6 Z& `6 Y9 z* b5 u, |
Drama and Music
) _. \ Q, K9 J 35. Humorous skits and pranks: {( Q! t/ \: V, t# V4 L
36. Performances of plays and music9 ~' U; f# R. Y+ X% V& _/ z% d L
37. Singing! U. f2 P: x w0 u
& A! G% J! V* R; ]; PProcessions
, i: A8 w: Q0 C6 I6 ^# z0 X 38. Marches% u- I5 y' K( A7 b
39. Parades
* C1 t* Y$ T; ^& i0 @. [; W* W& H 40. Religious processions, \6 ]1 _( n4 F
41. Pilgrimages& z6 y3 |3 X3 V: ^( n
42. Motorcades4 c; J3 J& { E% N
7 V$ H4 M% ` s/ o+ K* d% N
Honoring the Dead
+ t- P! x3 s/ O. e* a 43. Political mourning
5 a: o3 e; `- q 44. Mock funerals
( z- |8 e3 q7 n* l c 45. Demonstrative funerals- i; o; e: {5 M' |* ?, [* ]
46. Homage at burial places. w0 p' Q& s: J; _
" O8 G0 S- ^ [3 ^. W1 L( UPublic Assemblies( t5 w% g0 g' U2 y9 X! K& T
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 J. e6 P2 B s+ M; ^ 48. Protest meetings
' ?4 H' l: q$ \$ l3 l( D& J 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, Z6 H& C* [3 J! H; z3 i/ C 50. Teach-ins& @, T" b6 s$ [ U% c( L3 c% l ^
( k1 i p. `2 k( GWithdrawal and Renunciation
7 f) H9 }/ m" e+ a 51. Walk-outs* L3 s/ z7 P- y2 r* C6 E( c# l5 I, I
52. Silence
* b4 b! c- g% l0 n5 k 53. Renouncing honors1 l+ F4 U& e+ X% p" e
54. Turning one’s back
+ A% D" m0 s# x9 D m+ l7 D: M% h5 W( l
( K! T# T" D# b, L% ^8 L
$ L$ s ?/ g: ]" YTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 O( W, L8 \% K7 e
2 L4 [7 {% w% o$ l2 v2 p9 m6 i
, v1 z$ Z8 n6 L# U% z G
2 W4 a6 w2 c, {+ ~# E5 c9 HOstracism of Persons' w6 a8 S6 \# n
55. Social boycott- w: S! Y8 k& B; e/ W% p' B
56. Selective social boycott
h- o# _% G" g9 s 57. Lysistratic nonaction! S: G+ ]9 @0 I; e# |( K+ \
58. Excommunication
( ?2 V0 Z' I6 t# {# `! ?+ |& C2 D 59. Interdict
$ [2 H6 z- ~) v/ l* M, e5 D
+ X; S2 Z/ @; ?3 eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 d9 R7 o! X* R* e3 e* y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ T& N. U& J1 j1 e
61. Boycott of social affairs
' [+ ]! R& z* D 62. Student strike, j; n: S# u, s' d
63. Social disobedience, N. |% F& A6 o- a0 ]9 I; g
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 Q$ {) p% z. e, n- q
J5 h1 [2 M f2 p) C1 jWithdrawal from the Social System
4 U6 {4 z: r( f4 d 65. Stay-at-home9 a; F, d% L$ u
66. Total personal noncooperation
2 O$ V9 A6 O) t2 V% [ 67. “Flight” of workers1 o/ q. W# y& A) E8 L
68. Sanctuary
& e. n/ c2 ]+ {- o1 l. T& g) w7 K" f' E 69. Collective disappearance. c+ J6 g l9 O9 @4 f% k3 M
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 Q8 b& x S }( T2 l) [
- R. k% j. R9 H/ K
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS, p7 |) ]) S h; \' t
3 `7 ~$ z I J _. A2 v4 P6 W6 E3 e
# t$ h( K2 I1 X# H5 l7 ~Actions by Consumers8 ]9 ]( A. @7 G, i0 L8 \; G
71. Consumers’ boycott
. |0 `" a. i0 r$ `0 l2 M* D x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 U& u; `) C( c9 Z 73. Policy of austerity$ ^+ z3 Y$ u1 l1 x0 v
74. Rent withholding% x8 B7 l( h- E6 B s' Y$ c7 i4 Q
75. Refusal to rent! H$ b/ o. ?! ]3 j0 Y: \# y
76. National consumers’ boycott$ \0 x/ c. V9 G4 B/ [; ^
77. International consumers’ boycott
+ G) l; D* C5 a" e% F& X
0 w2 u* M5 M7 b* sAction by Workers and Producers3 k4 q# r% r& v7 L
78. Workmen’s boycott0 d, ?6 E' h4 W7 n
79. Producers’ boycott
5 k) N+ c7 Z# v% s/ O7 n" z
( u( h9 C$ j! H. l0 H6 e$ kAction by Middlemen% e5 o! H7 E* P1 @2 x
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" `. S# c9 D$ [! T/ ^
7 \4 S7 \) X8 T! y* VAction by Owners and Management
9 T6 D _- A! x5 M/ _1 j, X 81. Traders’ boycott, v! m3 A/ D% V# W
82. Refusal to let or sell property- `) Z' n8 c1 ]* \# \3 E4 h; Z \' H
83. Lockout
+ k0 a/ k, O& i5 S/ c9 p" f% G' g/ o 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ G6 R# J6 o9 L2 m' ^- K 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% ?8 A1 j" z) F/ `; z: O
6 p0 d# {9 y4 u+ [; I4 X" Y; WAction by Holders of Financial Resources
* I; W6 @; S! ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits* v" d" q7 _% G" {5 v: R
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' X0 u0 I5 C# l3 E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! j ]0 ^ d% C% A
89. Severance of funds and credit- Y+ H$ g8 i* i+ O N4 V4 I
90. Revenue refusal
/ N9 r* }' d0 K 91. Refusal of a government’s money" z Y$ N: O" }3 T, M X J0 n
- k; b$ p3 {. \* k5 Z( v WAction by Governments; h+ i! V1 ?) u) x {
92. Domestic embargo
1 s! U1 ]& g6 a3 Q' N 93. Blacklisting of traders
. b3 X# u }2 L! u/ R* [ 94. International sellers’ embargo
0 W' k& G: ?$ c: M; l1 p 95. International buyers’ embargo
& K& k, }5 z: o- }: _: D 96. International trade embargo$ V8 Z; U3 Y; O* D8 L5 a
/ W( a T6 C1 k! B
) t' ~' {0 |) T$ R" q! K: u- k9 _- K1 r) M
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" N7 N* p2 q0 ~( [# O6 C
& E; q! G: H. s+ |* x' r1 m8 n# M' f$ \
. T2 P' @3 G+ W- W
Symbolic Strikes
& K5 `& X# y0 E 97. Protest strike1 l$ ~$ N) P2 d$ z6 B( f; n
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) j( f" o7 H! \8 F- T
1 V8 W" i; W9 B
Agricultural Strikes
! V; D/ M. j" z4 S" B 99. Peasant strike# W! Y1 }, V( t: s I! E& j* T
100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 N, w& I0 O6 C N# \
: A3 |$ D, @* ~( O3 NStrikes by Special Groups
% M! J A$ F! @ V f 101. Refusal of impressed labor) n; V7 ~5 v( o5 o# l
102. Prisoners’ strike
8 r0 \' x8 k9 j7 w- R" l; d7 H4 _5 ?+ Z 103. Craft strike5 {4 D' ~ g% x' k5 ~
104. Professional strike
: f7 d- F, z7 k3 ]+ v5 a, P8 Q0 o0 r0 i
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) L/ \& s5 G" @' i/ r" Y 105. Establishment strike
* i1 \5 _- W2 d# `+ S 106. Industry strike
+ \/ s# u: D5 d0 h 107. Sympathetic strike+ i" v% f! t4 V+ Q
! {' x0 W6 m; x, I/ W, u. ?% f1 @
Restricted Strikes
' l/ q) P; p" L% I) _ 108. Detailed strike1 h7 U% Y0 [4 Q( A
109. Bumper strike1 k$ {6 g8 {; U$ ]$ K, x% _
110. Slowdown strike; D$ Y1 Y6 f" A/ y7 f/ l! P5 v% Q
111. Working-to-rule strike% \# V7 M. J& E! B1 R @
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
\ _" Q& }6 d' \/ x& m 113. Strike by resignation
# P$ Z+ S3 _5 n) @. t( @; ^ 114. Limited strike. u6 x' h1 y, l6 m; j& \% K
115. Selective strike
# P5 _8 p8 S) z4 K) E0 y( A: E6 ]! A' X$ u; ^1 M3 D2 @
Multi-Industry Strikes9 g4 f4 ` ]& I/ P2 s# v% v
9 f3 }( m5 t! h! s% p2 Q: w4 @ 116. Generalized strike
6 L; H. \, a) T1 b. @$ @. }7 w5 w: w* k H# r
117. General strike( _0 L! g+ ^" H& [4 L2 k* B! \
s. \: O: w% I1 r4 B3 GCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ j2 x! ?+ X* q; `( _6 U6 }& ~7 u
/ ]3 I9 y/ _4 O& b 118. Hartal2 ~) _$ _% z& J1 B6 T% J
/ s7 |% B* L8 e
119. Economic shutdown, U* T0 O& T3 T2 d% u) ~ g: z
2 Q3 S& {0 R! u3 q5 y : Y+ i- z, ~+ {
! P7 P4 Q' x2 T2 @THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION3 a5 v' o9 p& K
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8 A% ^0 |1 B( E3 f ~5 ^5 uRejection of Authority
) d5 |$ {7 {8 U- ^6 Z; s3 Z* H1 Z& r 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& ] ^6 m9 w# W- z: H* O 121. Refusal of public support
$ p. L" _7 X) }0 k 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 j) U- k: G) w: b/ \
y- k) `- s6 N9 c" p- R
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ w2 N# r4 c# `+ L3 l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 A+ ~0 `0 d, h( Y4 S) Z
124. Boycott of elections
. R' z! X8 }: [0 x! x 125. Boycott of government employment and positions. U9 L6 p" h9 c
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) x& n4 _2 |/ q. N 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" `- x5 w: K7 P' A 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ a2 x5 C- u2 H& b' E
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; e$ Q6 f b% }+ o \% P- U9 c
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, z" J9 X1 s5 i) p: _ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials m* x$ I% q/ a( G0 `3 @ s& ] x! e2 m# M4 }
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% H) I: u' A: C* T1 k v5 r
/ x7 E9 U' S$ Y& L! D' [Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 H" e9 C2 O4 H1 |8 V( N0 P, v2 D
133. Reluctant and slow compliance. o: i/ r7 n( X) Q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ u( v4 t9 t2 D! D* v* N7 B; O0 o
135. Popular nonobedience
1 @/ Z& q0 r( j( \/ \9 I: I1 x 136. Disguised disobedience
$ i; A2 ~$ x5 j: Q- W3 K 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* L" l, s' E6 l0 c& o& S6 d% C7 } 138. Sitdown0 B4 X2 ^& V$ I
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 Q/ s( \$ \( q$ _3 j3 k 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' B r9 s! _* |: t/ e' ]2 Y. s 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 F$ s" ]) ^! L" u: ]( [; J6 a8 A6 u+ }
Action by Government Personnel
# t, F# p* h& o N( b) X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 ]5 C }. L! v5 a: g% v$ P' C 143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 e! u o% D8 r: }- N) W9 s
144. Stalling and obstruction
% ]9 U; X0 I* j* w 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 s8 [2 n1 h, `
b6 S- y; i* G; I0 T 146. Judicial noncooperation
j; |2 _& H; s7 U5 J8 N1 w 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 c' ?0 c7 f' w 148. Mutiny
( u0 K6 X: C7 }) [3 S% e- A: KDomestic Governmental Action
4 X0 O* D9 T0 r7 ^+ M$ ?- B 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 M2 Q6 J( m$ |6 J6 M+ n+ c! Y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ V' ~: m) B1 X3 B
. H' P' m' l( U# D4 z% T1 BInternational Governmental Action5 ]' X, `9 p' i0 z* B
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 L, y3 T' [& c; u
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 J8 ^5 x1 n+ }, W V3 U
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( H1 L8 s$ K& \) g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations) }& M( e1 w6 |( x8 S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ N/ z* A; d% ~* H; E# S6 H {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; e$ s$ f, d( Z6 f, z
157. Expulsion from international organizations% G$ O! P+ k- P# k7 ^
/ P m. u( R2 p# O9 m$ B
% X* o! {. z: Q( A
: F/ v8 `+ \# }9 Y6 g, |THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
$ X* }; ^! y$ ?% d# K& d0 Z1 g+ M% w6 K( ~7 ~, {
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Psychological Intervention. {& z: r6 j; u# o
158. Self-exposure to the elements1 R1 G0 G) r. I: U! ~3 R$ r" F
159. The fast
4 T1 _. e8 F2 D, ? W$ c# T# S1 Y' W, g a) Fast of moral pressure3 T# s+ q" p |% Z6 h
b) Hunger strike
& D# E W5 t! W% o c) Satyagrahic fast
- K& Y5 L- I: |( c4 E* ^ 160. Reverse trial' J+ e5 B" _+ F' U" {, g* n/ u- {
161. Nonviolent harassment6 @9 l( n1 L4 `8 G$ a
; c8 v) ~, ~8 Z( T: O! d3 d* Q
Physical Intervention
5 N" x6 \" [ J* y) q4 v3 U 162. Sit-in
2 e( e- C; j" e9 H 163. Stand-in
' Q. e0 {- E; y 164. Ride-in
7 @- `; D, G6 J# A 165. Wade-in
/ `& x4 m# P' e: Y. U& \# M: s 166. Mill-in
3 H+ e3 i- { b" z 167. Pray-in
! r U* f; R+ F ~7 e- |' ~ 168. Nonviolent raids
' s# [ ^0 E j* e! z! h, c 169. Nonviolent air raids
; ?1 x ^* ~* G# F, } 170. Nonviolent invasion% r$ s. ?: Y- d+ I8 O
171. Nonviolent interjection% L9 l4 T0 i9 v) @
172. Nonviolent obstruction T; v" N3 E. N0 O+ w6 l, K
173. Nonviolent occupation
5 z( ]& A. W1 ]8 p! y6 ]* L1 H6 S% n8 V% |2 j4 \6 B* W, a
Social Intervention0 C( d* h( [9 ~2 I+ @
174. Establishing new social patterns
5 T5 t1 G5 j0 s* R, e7 D 175. Overloading of facilities* n+ c* s9 }# q" |. h6 Q+ V
176. Stall-in) x: V% N% f! U
177. Speak-in! N- B7 G5 ^3 b% L4 m& z
178. Guerrilla theater/ x( m. ?0 f+ @& f7 m% B
179. Alternative social institutions4 F4 j1 h/ J1 o" k5 L+ x6 `5 i$ M
180. Alternative communication system
0 w% y3 n7 z- M6 F3 v
\; X9 g H. l2 M- L' t5 YEconomic Intervention
# P8 q: j, U% T 181. Reverse strike* _3 M7 B& y" P1 D5 n
182. Stay-in strike
9 d; D; ^: ^' O* ` 183. Nonviolent land seizure+ X, u' @1 T( `6 U3 l* W5 m% W
184. Defiance of blockades0 a/ I7 X! F* ` ~, o/ J$ k) n+ }
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" s8 S9 X) j* z: j1 r3 z 186. Preclusive purchasing4 a. y9 g- r* I6 \
187. Seizure of assets
. Z6 L; `+ G& v 188. Dumping4 {3 W* p4 d- R$ s
189. Selective patronage
! n; {7 Z8 @$ N* n2 R" B* s. l {6 d 190. Alternative markets
. h" o! V2 s* F, `2 Q 191. Alternative transportation systems) T" W, p! R8 }7 i# w
192. Alternative economic institutions" W4 j2 n4 A/ r* l# e' Z& Y
+ A$ \, x. n7 Z6 d+ v) I
Political Intervention
3 Y2 W( E, Z! _8 z: y 193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 j+ _+ u$ i3 j( _5 V" d& |% W 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, A" ?% k, y2 b) z8 {; K
195. Seeking imprisonment
$ [+ k; Q' E+ {6 h/ S$ O l 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ D) `- ~( g$ ~% J h9 r) E
197. Work-on without collaboration
\3 {: l5 A5 g& `2 @0 a8 b/ x& w. e 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 p' `. T0 W, u4 k- i# Z: z' K4 q& b( y; n
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
