 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, ]6 H+ Z) }! f0 }( ~
Formal Statements% h' z" |1 d# V+ P& I
1. Public Speeches. ?8 l; H9 G$ O! ~. U8 M' \
2. Letters of opposition or support% c/ Q# K$ b9 f7 ~0 h) y. [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 V7 R! Z1 d$ |# V8 L, Q 4. Signed public statements
) `( H% y, r4 v' o: F5 F 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ N. g+ g% i0 T 6. Group or mass petitions
+ s$ }5 [5 c5 p- _ y1 W& d- @" \* e- k3 k
Communications with a Wider Audience
B n& M' J3 _9 @9 k: C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' t1 R; Q' V% Z3 c
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% K* U) a; E1 I$ f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' c0 z+ A' R4 V$ h- P/ C* {/ m 10. Newspapers and journals; i# l% D/ o1 F/ x) i/ E2 S: i3 D
11. Records, radio, and television1 k( t: d2 _8 m+ w# d
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" a/ e8 C! d1 ~/ \) N# q3 C: V7 X3 K; R- u# E! P" T' W: F
Group Representations
6 {; t, b' ~8 S7 h0 W 13. Deputations& h8 I9 z7 z( k
14. Mock awards! \6 E. T* G8 i/ s* D" Z5 I: ~
15. Group lobbying0 I; Z% l1 p1 h6 K
16. Picketing+ [, i9 ]& E& M0 A
17. Mock elections
0 T* v% K4 C& M- a2 c1 y3 H( f! g# {- }. A
Symbolic Public Acts3 F4 G1 z9 J1 o# `8 w3 V4 Y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 v) t9 M& s$ q: P" H1 e( ^ 19. Wearing of symbols
3 q" s0 p: x- J3 k! d( N, h 20. Prayer and worship; Y4 K9 a C _! H
21. Delivering symbolic objects4 x- Q; y! r6 S4 _
22. Protest disrobings/ T3 _1 k" m" R( r6 J7 b/ z5 C/ Q* p7 ]
23. Destruction of own property1 y/ B7 I2 j( f1 x
24. Symbolic lights! Q- P6 E( h3 h7 B1 E+ P1 D
25. Displays of portraits9 K9 o! n6 [/ O" g$ Q* {
26. Paint as protest. F" G0 [7 |$ C6 W! X
27. New signs and names. N8 `( ^ N" O4 Z: l5 T. T% c
28. Symbolic sounds
1 ]1 D0 p! B F9 x3 g. c9 m7 r 29. Symbolic reclamations
0 V/ g) _7 |! [( k 30. Rude gestures
7 D U9 ?5 p/ h/ d6 l2 e/ r2 [* N& B, {! w9 K
Pressures on Individuals
) I* |6 @+ F5 ~* n% a% w 31. “Haunting” officials$ f& ~4 v3 |" d1 z4 h# |
32. Taunting officials" G# l$ b. j8 {
33. Fraternization7 D) ] A& @9 V3 \, u
34. Vigils- V6 `! L3 I4 G% e
* q& D+ H. s$ Y0 [Drama and Music# o3 I) \! e, q& p
35. Humorous skits and pranks5 D% m S- a+ w4 U* }9 A1 r
36. Performances of plays and music# t. o g# |9 z$ c3 m
37. Singing
, w Y7 \+ R, q- k1 w! _ E6 V
' V% s, C% G* gProcessions! R8 i; Y% k8 L0 m) A
38. Marches1 {) h( E$ v3 t8 p# T( d
39. Parades' p4 o2 a7 {7 A# F9 V
40. Religious processions
0 C6 l1 o: l' W! w 41. Pilgrimages
+ b" h! {# [1 ~( z7 k5 p1 f 42. Motorcades
7 G; ~0 \1 i* @) F
, e; u5 e# Z) n1 K' ?Honoring the Dead6 i( ?4 ]7 ~& N3 v" {
43. Political mourning# h% `% ^! f+ K& {, W- F
44. Mock funerals
( x% E' H p; Q/ G$ d5 s 45. Demonstrative funerals
: l* s- L% q8 y' f$ ?2 ~2 c 46. Homage at burial places
. N# ^" T- a* j) f- ^& r" H
8 D3 F+ E0 s+ o0 c( y( PPublic Assemblies6 e. y& k/ [3 F& o
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 w: s' z6 \2 R( |9 ? | 48. Protest meetings# ^0 F' n, m# n W* p! Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ A* s$ P9 _* w' Q: T
50. Teach-ins
' }' z: G& Y' d9 {
* m+ t" I& ~) _% c6 d& I3 D1 ~Withdrawal and Renunciation M5 w" w3 ?$ d7 W
51. Walk-outs
6 X/ M& v* p$ f# b 52. Silence2 L! x- w/ E8 c; b, l
53. Renouncing honors
0 h& V8 i. j/ _2 t. h A/ D 54. Turning one’s back
# w& C1 r( v, `. C0 P% ~0 ^& v/ N3 Z1 d8 ]
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5 U8 c8 n8 }6 `! b, N% I/ ?0 ^1 lTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 p e( T4 Y' h/ X5 s2 Y% {
# y& b; }9 J6 p! h# `5 `0 G3 U
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+ y* {: B$ D" k" \ LOstracism of Persons
- S! \* T' e( Q$ D( r' O 55. Social boycott+ a3 o5 V, @# Z. D& {( x
56. Selective social boycott, ]3 A- v' m+ q/ [, x
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 G# b! V1 Q' z8 n$ ^
58. Excommunication& |. J( B& ^, t% n; P3 w% J" b
59. Interdict+ G' \# c6 @! b: o- \! [# y
9 g/ Y& V ^( u' O( ], B
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" ?7 U5 O5 l+ s: O6 d
60. Suspension of social and sports activities- b; t( r1 ]* q, s& C, N
61. Boycott of social affairs, W/ N6 ]6 K s: Z
62. Student strike
4 D$ Z9 f$ x' k6 e( f! u 63. Social disobedience8 }' p2 ]; }2 @& e6 ^/ @/ y: u2 i
64. Withdrawal from social institutions( {) P' `8 f4 q0 [& X9 ~
# s, D1 H* v) P6 v, \2 JWithdrawal from the Social System m1 r) i' m4 ?+ ~8 A4 x
65. Stay-at-home
7 D& V6 I# u9 i* J 66. Total personal noncooperation
1 V( k- o) l+ B; t0 k6 N 67. “Flight” of workers/ Z4 v' K" X; h0 p1 [) s
68. Sanctuary
. A9 u9 K" c H3 |. H# y 69. Collective disappearance0 [7 u1 I: G2 i6 k
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' z# t. ^/ {0 a$ }
; x) O. P$ r6 B2 l3 ?7 E
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% O) x% q" ^% LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
% e" x% l" \& p. |3 N
4 j, {+ |5 o4 V8 u- I3 m 9 h# {; ~* w- Y
Actions by Consumers) m) s+ ?/ M: } L& O) U$ h
71. Consumers’ boycott9 _8 _4 q" A$ t# M0 E
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! U7 c* l: U( _' w6 ? 73. Policy of austerity+ u4 R% ~# L8 A. G2 ]( c- e
74. Rent withholding( \% Q6 _; Q' M
75. Refusal to rent
* k B/ _0 P" _7 U 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 e8 C3 X9 {! G7 T 77. International consumers’ boycott: A2 v0 h( j% o# m
8 S( R. U& q* Q5 t. ?Action by Workers and Producers
4 E; ?$ @& Q2 } 78. Workmen’s boycott- Y/ \0 w+ P1 k0 k2 x. L2 `6 m/ C
79. Producers’ boycott
% U o2 u4 `3 y1 m" C
2 q! E$ N+ u1 q i# vAction by Middlemen; Y9 Q% r7 \% j1 a" f4 D3 k
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 ^& X3 c8 s/ ]/ w
& x# |# Y$ n7 \Action by Owners and Management
: a) `( j2 j Z( c O3 G x 81. Traders’ boycott$ X: r; Q& Q( m1 B5 R
82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 ^; M3 o& K8 J8 B9 V 83. Lockout7 D$ E3 K% |1 L' ]( R% N% R8 U
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
6 n% @+ ?5 b9 x6 y2 r9 Q 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" R+ j, [# u# u& B% s
! M: r$ I8 j% y( Z- r. WAction by Holders of Financial Resources/ X& z0 Q9 Z1 B/ b
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 A0 f* i3 s) J/ |6 \4 ?' H 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ Y, `9 H8 i- W# V: e3 \: l
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
L$ ?& X/ n) e) n- n, n$ S 89. Severance of funds and credit+ Z! A" z* Y! Q) P, [
90. Revenue refusal6 e4 }' w, H. D
91. Refusal of a government’s money; s2 W, m) Z+ S, d$ P8 S3 ~, U
; L& x9 i: a3 _$ |Action by Governments& v4 ~- A1 [3 k
92. Domestic embargo t& Z- D% e! A6 M$ ?+ A( Z) o" _1 [
93. Blacklisting of traders
+ ]6 h: {- q( b0 B: j; V0 W 94. International sellers’ embargo( N {" Q: |* O0 ?
95. International buyers’ embargo/ o7 _( q4 h# K$ K* ]
96. International trade embargo
4 s# w4 ]) T. d- {! j, d e0 E0 i) e) j
8 }% w& Y6 J- f+ W, H7 \) u$ b( [. L% z( G
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 h5 K4 ? |9 _/ E6 ~( d
- q% D1 E$ G( _4 W( Q" nSymbolic Strikes
G( _0 g3 b! J7 ^$ B5 {1 n 97. Protest strike- C3 [7 F1 f( f0 F ~7 A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# E/ H$ f/ ? n9 |* I0 W) Z
9 L3 ~7 m$ ]. w& ]) d9 ~& C
Agricultural Strikes- V# d) O, S( \
99. Peasant strike7 N* m- v2 q5 J
100. Farm Workers’ strike
* X) I: T+ `4 N$ z6 k) @8 _7 o. k3 H& L6 H% x( R
Strikes by Special Groups
4 Y. t* o0 r- h6 x" y 101. Refusal of impressed labor [. k4 n% s- t' `* _* ?" w
102. Prisoners’ strike
+ f9 J a$ X( F9 _. m 103. Craft strike0 X8 ]0 k9 f0 d; I; @9 i( a* |9 n
104. Professional strike
0 q9 H1 o) q" j) {2 l5 x) X( N0 G+ s! H5 a
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
/ W0 ~4 q( t/ {2 L9 A# i' F( } 105. Establishment strike6 @' b* ]* {: X! q$ Y
106. Industry strike
1 `( ?9 _" n2 x) d: j 107. Sympathetic strike
6 u+ J; j- a3 a0 W- q3 n8 N$ ]! {- a0 l8 _- v
Restricted Strikes. k0 l( ^3 u* x3 C4 P v
108. Detailed strike
% Z/ B3 J9 H* L: P1 @/ K; G) x 109. Bumper strike
4 M/ m1 n, E/ L$ \; a6 f' a: C6 c. J 110. Slowdown strike$ O& a5 b/ a; e# _& m* K% u
111. Working-to-rule strike
- Y4 n! W6 h2 [9 m" r. `3 R 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 a% L. U# C0 A% x 113. Strike by resignation8 C2 s5 a( m r, C J
114. Limited strike, p8 k: n( Z; C- y- \7 J
115. Selective strike
0 r, x5 w: z, G" F6 M& K8 o8 T1 \) _' c6 ?* |
Multi-Industry Strikes
# k0 V9 i( _' F% [3 l/ t; P
* `, o- H* \: u0 v4 u' s 116. Generalized strike
* l' a4 C% A& X9 U$ t2 \" X/ Y8 Y% P1 J9 p- q
117. General strike
7 r% |0 P5 ?- W( Y! }& U7 V
( e9 N; i6 f7 N hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( l0 U$ b) i7 S& K( ~
/ }: ]% H" a; u$ h S$ K 118. Hartal
$ M& Q$ c1 X/ C: m0 C& W. f$ O: P) z9 ?, W" f' W
119. Economic shutdown
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* b* {9 {' x. E! w- s: {6 f
N& r9 B. G8 P* W
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ e8 N" O x% H7 c: B
0 N4 y: f) R% w9 k; x " ^2 M9 ]; O. V0 ^9 {
Rejection of Authority# k+ Z* m( n# ]" q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 x& k+ p+ J. {7 m5 F
121. Refusal of public support
( _ h. I( S4 q# _# v# Q# f6 d9 n$ z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- T1 X9 a+ J) F8 O
- a. \' a) v- W$ k% O2 @; m& @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) p4 I6 c9 h$ D+ q/ Z
123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 G! L2 F) p' ~0 M" C
124. Boycott of elections/ ]) M7 h$ A |; s4 ]8 c
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
b, d' [ ~% t2 R |$ q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
l. C4 Y! ^( H* c" n+ A0 J3 _4 ~9 y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! l) x' c' v" t# X. s. C
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# H, e. c$ }: }: R! c/ H; _
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 O4 j* y1 }8 z, i) \ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. P! d8 }/ F! ?6 J2 X+ [: Z, t' e
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! g7 }2 {; f) o# O& p 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 Q/ O, y2 T3 n0 h |# ?$ K
, F; h1 [; t- JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ n* q3 [% J( ]/ i. g N 133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 r" h: }. I% O; L
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ I [( X4 I& J* y' V8 u4 Q& Z- ~ 135. Popular nonobedience: [2 s. w7 }) r/ b1 z3 F! i s' }
136. Disguised disobedience
{" G9 B6 G1 ~; K( ` 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# o% @, N5 g. v2 j' u0 M! H! }
138. Sitdown+ D5 N9 O# i+ C5 e& V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: d* g: u( @# u 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ I& n- A1 E# H0 s1 O% X2 T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws/ a2 i5 y, F* o D8 k% j/ U
/ t2 _8 C- V5 p! e5 @8 ^
Action by Government Personnel
: V; k& A- q2 G- X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ ^5 P% a8 u0 V# b) c7 T; Y$ ?* X
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ |( k! C# T, E o; b' v 144. Stalling and obstruction
& c3 g9 ^+ ?6 W! ~) Q 145. General administrative noncooperation6 ?. A8 l% T [: ~8 W! F8 M& p
, G j0 }. s' D! i& g' E 146. Judicial noncooperation3 Y7 x% S. K2 f) E! U i- M
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& i% y; c# b" C) {" B 148. Mutiny
$ H, v) I) ?1 C) K5 ODomestic Governmental Action, |+ r& r- q5 B8 `9 T! M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% y. ^7 r) b5 B 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 J7 }$ t! j7 j" @5 c/ Q
: D: e. A) F& D- q% i- b3 w
International Governmental Action5 H! C7 J9 Z( O2 S2 T; h$ Y! ~, y b
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) E! N* ]6 Z8 O* |& {
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, C9 E) U0 l, C9 {7 u4 w
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ O5 W2 K$ X7 I6 d7 q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 ?$ I- H2 ~4 c7 o# T: o 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" Z6 ]" @& Q1 y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 k0 c: ]+ ?, v# B8 z 157. Expulsion from international organizations- N# T4 `# f1 S: C$ _8 ^4 C4 ?
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, L# |; `1 ~4 t7 Q3 |5 `6 j+ DTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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g6 y7 `0 X9 y& ?
Psychological Intervention* ~3 u; k2 D) P* r$ m
158. Self-exposure to the elements! Y6 A4 O) R; _7 P. ~
159. The fast) I, {( v. S* F4 N1 C; h W
a) Fast of moral pressure
# U7 i8 S- i6 {+ { b) Hunger strike0 ^- V: {2 u, [- _% n0 p$ f
c) Satyagrahic fast* e. P# w. L% {4 K; b& R
160. Reverse trial
, L9 V: p/ ], i4 d, S- m3 c/ f 161. Nonviolent harassment
; V- T3 q) L3 C% g0 e; D8 T) m6 \- R( O @
Physical Intervention
9 ]( i4 \ q8 m3 A" s 162. Sit-in3 Z4 c* ~8 x" v* G9 u4 ]
163. Stand-in" R N6 e( ~7 P' h- ~' x3 Z
164. Ride-in
: Q. R7 l B! {' P5 y+ Z 165. Wade-in
( X$ |5 N& X* ], o! ` 166. Mill-in
% V2 G7 S5 J$ S- ~. v& | 167. Pray-in
" g# g7 K7 R9 m* N# \; q B 168. Nonviolent raids
5 T, p* _6 c6 Y4 K+ Y7 Y! z: | 169. Nonviolent air raids
A- _# r; Z! A# t' W5 U 170. Nonviolent invasion7 j( S1 n. L$ s1 x" j# D( J# _
171. Nonviolent interjection0 ]9 P- {5 E# w$ B
172. Nonviolent obstruction
# v3 [) _; {2 N 173. Nonviolent occupation
7 S8 k0 \/ L3 D5 Y. ?/ \
, r$ U; T6 w+ b: [0 HSocial Intervention
* e) v, @3 Z8 F 174. Establishing new social patterns8 t- F6 k% ]; H( y% e& e8 c- ]( z
175. Overloading of facilities/ O4 L& Q& ^7 Y9 F$ s$ ]
176. Stall-in( O( s1 w9 T1 `1 F. I' U4 g
177. Speak-in& ^: W6 u7 I$ T- w) ~$ G5 u6 g
178. Guerrilla theater
* N, T; m& Y. s, A 179. Alternative social institutions8 ] {1 ?9 E; O1 C8 }0 C& N
180. Alternative communication system
% B- S/ |6 J& V$ R: r0 R
; o( [8 O. U! U NEconomic Intervention4 a6 l) Y# W, V# }/ q0 G9 b9 M
181. Reverse strike
9 `- z+ T) N% z5 |! P 182. Stay-in strike9 `1 F0 K9 z0 U
183. Nonviolent land seizure3 e+ Y+ B' u+ r
184. Defiance of blockades
4 G% r5 |% f" D' s 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- j% H4 n) Y8 L5 J" G. e
186. Preclusive purchasing- q( q2 A1 d; C5 [2 c
187. Seizure of assets4 `3 Y( Y) {0 A, [9 Q
188. Dumping" A q- g$ d( @( \
189. Selective patronage
5 @% V. r3 k3 h* y 190. Alternative markets
" V2 c" w3 O) a0 G- w1 c& G 191. Alternative transportation systems
8 ]$ d8 X8 S y+ A2 C1 f0 Y 192. Alternative economic institutions
# F% K2 l4 e5 q6 {( g* m; H9 H6 g# Z2 Q2 ~, \1 e
Political Intervention
' m0 Q- f4 v" {& {7 ~ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ ]: `6 v% ]* ` 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 P- j% l7 Q! }. E i) r L
195. Seeking imprisonment
c: I9 b% x$ w& L8 a8 Q8 Y& \ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 B2 g, g' ?0 I9 ~
197. Work-on without collaboration- u* n1 _. H8 L( o: U& S2 Y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& y: w7 z* Q! f( O4 U
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
