 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( L" N d! y# b* S) p
Formal Statements# {: U5 z" i, ]; `
1. Public Speeches
! x( }8 \, d( e: u6 O9 l& t, Z: X8 E* l 2. Letters of opposition or support' U6 B& S( U: ?" p% ~
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ C4 A* S5 j" x* P3 i/ D 4. Signed public statements# ]* M' L$ d7 z) K" q6 p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention% M6 u& X3 i/ e; C) n) s
6. Group or mass petitions( ?' N, Y$ Q4 z: ^8 G# B7 C9 t
( j4 q) q c$ j3 v$ u2 A" X- y2 o6 [
Communications with a Wider Audience$ j S! ^0 P3 @' v3 X9 j
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 J/ y7 z! D/ {9 x6 N4 ? 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ y8 V: @) w9 z* N# m! [% A 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ `; y3 J* G2 m8 s$ _ g 10. Newspapers and journals: O( v0 Y- @% n% @
11. Records, radio, and television d; ?- G% |7 U8 _9 Z: T* ?
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& f# a) F2 j3 E; `
- `8 q# V/ q4 G! W9 r% CGroup Representations9 Z% m& z, l4 P7 u! [+ V- t
13. Deputations
- ~7 U( N5 R K0 _% F1 ]# h 14. Mock awards
- k6 D; |+ y4 G& n. `' t4 g$ }/ ~ 15. Group lobbying
" t: d- }$ L- W. M 16. Picketing- B6 {8 [( U1 a ^" o4 J
17. Mock elections
?! K" i. u1 u! X; N/ b$ {: Q+ j
/ V8 F) }2 L; VSymbolic Public Acts w& p$ W" l8 O" s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 N2 \' ~" n1 {# c/ e* t9 V 19. Wearing of symbols6 \0 c* w1 ?) U+ Q6 T6 [2 `
20. Prayer and worship
9 G2 z: ~' v0 J9 `4 m" C6 j 21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 N: d4 P5 D4 p' W7 j# r; F. Q 22. Protest disrobings4 b5 q- P8 M4 u( x
23. Destruction of own property6 c) F& O6 e7 c) R
24. Symbolic lights' t$ ?0 O5 E9 z4 M7 C
25. Displays of portraits
; P. p' r3 x& b0 U. z1 P6 R9 ?% g 26. Paint as protest$ r# p6 `8 ^' B; ^) O9 _- W
27. New signs and names
6 J4 H6 n6 | C# }( p$ G 28. Symbolic sounds
* z& S4 z* c) x: c1 C 29. Symbolic reclamations
) G5 N2 F B3 }! O 30. Rude gestures; I6 {+ p0 F2 }: S" |/ L& O
5 q$ @( v" |9 M( q. m, w9 K9 D
Pressures on Individuals% e+ A( T5 V3 N9 m" R: A
31. “Haunting” officials
( v, r6 x* G' g7 B% c' M: i7 k 32. Taunting officials
" D9 ]/ e5 P$ v& P! ~ 33. Fraternization& [9 f. t8 Z& k9 k2 O0 n
34. Vigils1 |2 X- H6 q- Q- ?# ]
$ F) Q4 w" L. O" l$ \8 f9 XDrama and Music
3 U. }* j' b7 X8 B. s4 D3 H 35. Humorous skits and pranks& h% D' t. V& W
36. Performances of plays and music
: v2 x) ^% C0 o8 l, V: T- r3 ~ 37. Singing
6 a* P* P" i8 c
7 r, z- S; g7 r* mProcessions
" M9 C5 e" K$ a) W. l 38. Marches. @8 l- q2 k( U' O* P
39. Parades
9 U R0 I2 h( k8 h- [ 40. Religious processions
/ E% L" `8 \ n& n/ a* W 41. Pilgrimages! e+ G# l: v; {. C$ n% M
42. Motorcades! A- {9 i# C' k# F, ~9 Z
. Y# C9 j+ G% C8 V: ~. cHonoring the Dead
$ w, O* i4 T) j0 b. o$ S: X 43. Political mourning) O- b/ |, t) P
44. Mock funerals
9 R' D) i- n# U- `- Z& N 45. Demonstrative funerals
' D* W3 D3 `( W/ K" T 46. Homage at burial places
- T" F `" {( Q/ U3 Y
/ g* n( C+ ^* ?! K% e/ JPublic Assemblies/ P4 x% @! {7 M7 [2 q6 e4 j
47. Assemblies of protest or support) d: t! l+ j+ E6 x% s
48. Protest meetings
5 r$ o6 v3 E z% U# S; \* E 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 K* e# T1 M$ x8 r- [9 c 50. Teach-ins/ u+ T" H. g0 }4 J- J4 Q6 n
9 O9 q1 G" m* [! p
Withdrawal and Renunciation* I! A" {1 O- s" R0 u
51. Walk-outs
+ Z2 A" l8 j" X# N$ O( e 52. Silence C. k4 R% O3 V- d
53. Renouncing honors, n% l9 \5 E$ N( V7 x
54. Turning one’s back
7 A( f8 i' q: R9 f- m* V
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8 P+ s7 ]4 ?: J5 J% N' @8 `8 s2 E) H4 t* s8 d) ?, F
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 L Y: b5 m: \; J) K: J1 ]
2 ~) F8 C/ K% s7 Q, e
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, ^/ p$ \% t1 c% @# r$ bOstracism of Persons8 J L8 u' Q; b- Q+ `6 |. U
55. Social boycott. t% @/ K% g8 W3 [! k, X& h' `& O
56. Selective social boycott- z* g3 ^0 x( U" W9 ?$ K( k
57. Lysistratic nonaction
* I n; f- D; d9 b+ \7 A 58. Excommunication4 W% h2 u, o& x+ ]6 u) n7 f" d, V
59. Interdict' W( P7 d: O8 T3 |4 W9 s
! f5 |/ b$ `4 z uNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, V4 g0 x6 C9 e
60. Suspension of social and sports activities& o# V! D2 s4 H o/ `; t
61. Boycott of social affairs: W4 K9 p- R9 _# Q1 D
62. Student strike
( o' K4 Q* A& y' X 63. Social disobedience
) S5 ?/ m& j# }3 H2 a* N 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ Q" N( Z% t. a) e8 P
8 _4 X0 F2 N; b/ D" b
Withdrawal from the Social System" `9 J+ Q9 b) |# W4 P, t, d
65. Stay-at-home" D3 B/ }" f7 V4 G5 l+ S
66. Total personal noncooperation7 R9 a) ]8 t; O! Y$ V2 t5 k
67. “Flight” of workers
+ w7 X" K1 t- i+ x) F0 i 68. Sanctuary
" a, T* L) v) A P# Z 69. Collective disappearance9 w6 M6 B8 c8 H( R2 [% \3 |; E0 q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 w- H: F2 B* r8 x; ]5 C9 i
1 A# k3 R' _ }( q, q* e q
& g* F8 v# m2 m
! X. m/ O! \4 \8 j1 u. {* _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
b7 m5 l& w* ~
" k2 D) ?7 q' r ; W. `' _/ a& S5 p
Actions by Consumers
- v3 |2 F4 n7 |' } 71. Consumers’ boycott
# C# y$ }& m0 s8 U" K4 n# C. ^ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 ?6 c2 h0 K t1 q$ \5 G 73. Policy of austerity
$ |) ^% L$ i8 Z9 p 74. Rent withholding* y, u9 J* q* R% s: M$ b
75. Refusal to rent
% X+ I0 {8 ?2 n2 \" z 76. National consumers’ boycott
) o: s1 \- w" n6 D0 V/ f 77. International consumers’ boycott" W; v+ r3 [" Y; b6 Z" `( M% k
6 o1 B% U: E% I5 O8 A% X
Action by Workers and Producers
4 y; k1 X: a5 @' @/ ?) t* V 78. Workmen’s boycott
: q( Y2 X* d$ d- a; y) e* x 79. Producers’ boycott, g& r& K: D4 O
2 r/ `9 l+ `5 eAction by Middlemen
& X4 d2 b. a! W% u' e7 N4 U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott2 @. _2 I1 S$ A& X
8 W/ ]( @- {4 ^, q# z5 _% j
Action by Owners and Management8 x0 l& h J9 L
81. Traders’ boycott
3 t' d; i v- d7 G9 M/ N% k 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" {: ?7 L7 Y' L1 } 83. Lockout$ _3 e4 f. A$ s U4 T7 P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance ]5 m9 n; w+ r. C) R/ s
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& H+ b+ [ X' C7 l y3 v0 _
^# d# x* d$ z* oAction by Holders of Financial Resources
8 F# K6 c! Y: n; g 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 O% w. o' S# ]% l% P0 D
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 ~) V/ B$ p4 c0 N
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: N& Y6 b1 k4 i 89. Severance of funds and credit
* t, a- [6 i# D 90. Revenue refusal/ u, A% a0 t) `; c' S0 k1 U
91. Refusal of a government’s money. ?' N" @8 t% f W1 E$ b* F, |6 ]$ k
3 Q7 S% { e4 l7 y' ]) n& H
Action by Governments, c4 w( m3 d% A
92. Domestic embargo
" v& i- b" {0 Q; A u. e 93. Blacklisting of traders
3 @9 I) C4 k' p. r1 P 94. International sellers’ embargo
) L/ x0 o- m, n4 |% Y 95. International buyers’ embargo$ A# j, M# G" }, |( a
96. International trade embargo
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' T8 }+ V) b8 UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 R5 R9 S9 h. i
, j: n" s* S, M. H4 n; P- o8 Z' ~
$ t D+ I8 ~, L( ?( f5 e; GSymbolic Strikes
) A% ~( N% _& |- F2 C5 ~- j 97. Protest strike, i* n K4 ]3 w4 J/ b G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 v- ]1 k% S! U2 n ?) O, A- Y# G, g
& z3 ? C3 r2 S ]8 _Agricultural Strikes
, g4 o/ f% `. c1 Z! e# i; n C/ S& c 99. Peasant strike7 A+ O$ O6 N ^& W" u2 d
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 z& H- t2 p4 ^8 f( f% D+ A: z9 }
) j! ^/ ?9 N* D" `Strikes by Special Groups. O$ Z/ j. O9 F; R1 r6 W. @
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 t9 x, w# n. ` T& m3 r9 q 102. Prisoners’ strike
# \( ~- n I* Y 103. Craft strike
: M6 C }: x* Y+ |, i 104. Professional strike6 G" s9 e4 {9 G8 ?. R. J5 w8 w
8 M5 [) q' A( @6 g1 L& XOrdinary Industrial Strikes
1 V! J& k% G4 Y# X 105. Establishment strike
$ D7 w+ [$ a+ c) h 106. Industry strike5 y/ C. b4 U4 I0 z: I5 R
107. Sympathetic strike, s! u- Q1 u4 |# Z9 v, ]+ e6 T
3 ^) e' T6 Q) N2 z: A- i6 g c+ SRestricted Strikes. v- f3 o( v9 A% M- U1 Y
108. Detailed strike8 O( f- i$ Q. s9 g& }: t9 K
109. Bumper strike
( t1 T0 |2 L4 k' y* ^, g6 y: p; ] 110. Slowdown strike$ k. T+ U; j* y5 ?6 h: N) ]
111. Working-to-rule strike
9 q* J" P1 b8 d- V1 ~* B4 r: S 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): R+ l& H( q; i5 c* z3 `/ ]* A
113. Strike by resignation
% a% w. c# b7 D& e! t4 ~ 114. Limited strike+ I3 B( P b3 \5 Q$ p! }0 w* g
115. Selective strike5 x5 @+ k1 H& y( U4 H7 e
) Y5 T* ^% V% C% R* PMulti-Industry Strikes" P3 ^( B4 E) j( L3 U& B4 g
& z$ B& ^, P) s5 z3 A& i9 |* e1 h8 w 116. Generalized strike
) L p3 l7 ~$ r1 D) A' a' I0 W0 `0 z' t: p) ]
117. General strike
6 B9 x( @2 N) Y% X) F& h, \6 A" B9 h6 E% j( [4 f$ w( ^
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
\5 z7 N7 h: @$ |' N M7 M9 v; A
6 e* L9 I# x& x6 n% `8 v 118. Hartal/ V# F% }+ [, v8 [" S
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119. Economic shutdown
7 a) ^8 V( m4 ~; V' [/ P5 I$ N8 g) _7 U% D( t9 n J1 J# D
$ L% o) \3 h' r: d& E. J! D
9 E% Z Z N6 }5 Y/ T
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 O$ X6 Y; j' G+ y* i) @Rejection of Authority
* c6 G0 w) h: i6 ?4 q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 [/ F8 S* ~! g2 L8 I+ i: ]
121. Refusal of public support
' ]! Z* G( i, A: ]2 O 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) X. ^! D5 M; n' L% t3 O' Y7 m9 J
; T8 F1 o+ E. w+ m1 XCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government. _' v: @5 \0 F. {! ^8 _7 {
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ G _- ?+ H2 u/ M( d
124. Boycott of elections# Q A/ b/ o2 D0 S
125. Boycott of government employment and positions% N+ m$ h, M& ^- q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. g5 P" k$ h+ `7 r9 O, d+ d7 X 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, {4 N, c4 {( b 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- H6 d. z" B% T$ g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& ?% _+ ]$ R$ u) V( p6 f& B 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' t1 Y' G5 b+ c" U, E4 v 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! L6 [8 n! k) R
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# x u+ |" \4 F1 R. M) A$ Z0 R/ X; g/ G1 ]9 z0 s
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience N/ M% o6 M, g- \
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' O& B5 b G$ p/ b' C: H+ V/ A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: @% F5 @, \2 z s2 ~. K! v 135. Popular nonobedience
. ~8 t$ a4 i/ s+ h6 i% h 136. Disguised disobedience o8 M; i& Y: |" ^
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 o; k+ d1 Q4 i3 a" q* [6 h
138. Sitdown
8 h6 z* e% b, D 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! N3 e) l. @8 f; g/ N7 ^
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; f! u. Y e6 m/ `: _8 ] 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, ]' X4 n+ t* k9 l
; D, t9 V" \. i- ^' W
Action by Government Personnel
" m Z9 J0 X2 L5 j& e3 n( E6 x 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: e( o/ V) k# b! v3 P
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% N T9 e9 `% F" X0 @% `* |2 C 144. Stalling and obstruction
% p q$ c: A! A9 J 145. General administrative noncooperation
: s: I6 u }$ S0 L: F' B; {
' g, X9 p1 ?2 z8 s, a" S 146. Judicial noncooperation
: U5 ` x/ [& K0 n0 D# H) B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; a0 I a/ n* t
148. Mutiny7 P/ b3 K! F/ X& i
Domestic Governmental Action' I+ a; k( s9 o/ n
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 N# T# H: h1 q% E 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 O) o( U2 _) u+ s5 D& J2 i# r0 j q& a* [- u
International Governmental Action, y* P6 r. @0 [
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 _0 u: i) b) i# N" S
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 ?2 F# b: W- P8 T9 [+ ~
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) ]! ?; q1 ~& f5 b 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# d1 ?( a! ~5 u& |' X' n
155. Withdrawal from international organizations: v' r+ ^- u8 \& M# M( }
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! S h9 D! p; o5 s8 _5 S( }: d5 { 157. Expulsion from international organizations
: V0 E# j# a* L
" A5 F3 o+ {! }7 P, K! S/ e" F8 Z; Z - {8 T1 ]! w8 i% X- J( L
/ F3 i" U6 o4 L* }THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
- d" G& v3 B+ ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements& h; X/ ]6 a* K! ?9 g m
159. The fast( r% o/ A0 A: J r) V. r. U+ }
a) Fast of moral pressure
2 U5 ^7 J# ~- ?+ v b) Hunger strike' o }1 |9 o. W$ u l3 b
c) Satyagrahic fast
& D2 q) i; z3 r" L7 p8 y1 _. K+ ` 160. Reverse trial9 Z' c4 z+ @- y
161. Nonviolent harassment. o' @$ ~8 `: l6 C6 c# a( T
6 M. m) u; {, H- E" L" M0 y+ uPhysical Intervention& b* L) e, j0 D3 }
162. Sit-in5 n' o4 I# E7 Z O; i
163. Stand-in
1 g% r) n; k) c" u7 k 164. Ride-in
% O- x: A2 V& I/ | 165. Wade-in
G5 H; m3 u1 W/ k$ _3 @ 166. Mill-in
6 x* V2 P7 j* _ A 167. Pray-in
) N3 }: g6 u4 o$ W B 168. Nonviolent raids
( j' a1 ^; {* Z* C 169. Nonviolent air raids. N( K' H+ h: t c. G
170. Nonviolent invasion& C6 A6 ]. j$ a( Q; j1 ?
171. Nonviolent interjection
; S$ M; s. D5 I% b3 R6 g1 G4 H. d 172. Nonviolent obstruction" k# S$ y) H2 N
173. Nonviolent occupation
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0 j0 E! w) c+ sSocial Intervention" z; C% u) l0 l4 U2 q
174. Establishing new social patterns) [5 ?+ N3 G( L" w# d
175. Overloading of facilities
; d2 D% @7 h7 \( Z* W) v+ g; [ 176. Stall-in
% u6 m y- y) R$ q& x& ?1 j, _ 177. Speak-in) N" F% J' |1 [" b6 m( s
178. Guerrilla theater3 @: k( [3 F( p! ^
179. Alternative social institutions* S6 r5 b4 N+ W: m' w3 }: o) b
180. Alternative communication system
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0 v) j- S! N3 ~/ w2 W9 f) {Economic Intervention- a, I: W5 M' F! i( v
181. Reverse strike# z" L: V* r; x. O8 P
182. Stay-in strike* H1 W9 L& {: [& y3 V- E) j5 r
183. Nonviolent land seizure8 e4 |7 g7 \& z/ Q: n& U3 h: @ p/ t
184. Defiance of blockades
) j: M' _" t, W, ~% k( J/ t# P7 F" J 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 b, J* y7 a: T& N3 c7 `% ^
186. Preclusive purchasing/ [: l! T) z( t6 C" i1 o; l9 w
187. Seizure of assets" Z+ }+ m" K) f+ T% b
188. Dumping- l% j. x2 E h7 s
189. Selective patronage
. X. Z! L7 H, r% G* R; x5 J5 { 190. Alternative markets
4 a4 d0 [# @/ b' H# Y( ~$ T/ K 191. Alternative transportation systems( {+ N1 A+ V' X! d
192. Alternative economic institutions
9 z; c& Q, g3 y% s! z
% O9 W. w$ E( x [: W' VPolitical Intervention
8 J4 ?& ^) E3 K( b+ t& D" h- ^' J" @ 193. Overloading of administrative systems" l. _5 b9 Z4 U `) @1 j& s# z. a& `
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 h8 ~8 \1 V2 g8 C# s 195. Seeking imprisonment
$ ]1 V- y# q- l; z+ D+ L7 O8 n0 o$ H 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! B" D7 R' U9 |6 ~1 w t, q
197. Work-on without collaboration% r0 a- c- ]+ l% S+ x* O' z& Q( F
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) B4 f1 W* ?% S* I& I. y
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
