 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 s5 W/ [$ W% MFormal Statements# c9 o$ b$ G. ^
1. Public Speeches# a# O4 k( u1 a
2. Letters of opposition or support5 L0 M& t& C! c' m; F# J5 u
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 V: N8 k3 h5 L" p9 v5 Y% Z2 [ 4. Signed public statements
# u e$ `3 c8 p4 k5 j 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 V3 j: l. o0 Y4 G B 6. Group or mass petitions
' u5 J5 p9 Q+ E9 s
& j, c% O' s4 a$ l1 uCommunications with a Wider Audience/ e8 E! ]# A' R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& W6 H% U$ Q4 P8 Y% q2 ] 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' M& X2 c" e) l* n
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ m# s5 K& c5 f 10. Newspapers and journals% K( _" i# _& O" `
11. Records, radio, and television4 m( [5 y) ]; ]0 C7 Y' p) |
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ C, ?9 \$ r) n2 [9 O0 s$ @
" h' t ]! f5 e0 H s6 yGroup Representations
7 k( g; t( }! G- |# h9 C9 ] 13. Deputations
R% A3 Q7 y/ Q$ G3 u- o7 o 14. Mock awards/ O- P. u4 [# J; E6 ~3 _; ~
15. Group lobbying
, \& o4 r7 [0 l+ B- \6 ? 16. Picketing
* n4 i+ R4 D* j 17. Mock elections
! Y" I1 U) N4 ?4 a: k
9 v2 ~/ c5 h4 ]7 W- vSymbolic Public Acts! W6 Z" |- G3 S
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ a- l* n5 `/ b 19. Wearing of symbols- L$ f& @' Q3 b- i/ F' U3 C
20. Prayer and worship
7 P# W1 u+ V( ~: k: {0 j) ^2 ? 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 o. e$ N6 r& D& { 22. Protest disrobings) w1 W! U) p" F. C+ [8 w: X
23. Destruction of own property: g$ i0 T3 D* ^0 m6 s
24. Symbolic lights' i7 z: n; P9 ^' c7 {5 E
25. Displays of portraits# c/ G$ A8 R. U1 y0 Z/ E
26. Paint as protest
/ R. T- q, a) k* T( T( s6 r 27. New signs and names
4 E& i. S$ t# a& X0 i5 a 28. Symbolic sounds
6 L: S+ W( S, T7 w 29. Symbolic reclamations
6 a n3 u5 [# u3 g1 X# G. O( m' S 30. Rude gestures
% y [/ r* [- g" W' F4 G. s
" n2 z- @5 ~2 c$ A; `% W: xPressures on Individuals
- ^- D7 ?7 x: A4 \4 n! i) Q 31. “Haunting” officials
7 y* I3 |$ g; l: S' D: |" |( M7 y 32. Taunting officials
6 p+ n& q" |+ K ~ 33. Fraternization
' x t5 e& p, w# M+ H 34. Vigils
" y* x2 S* G, W/ i- L: i9 Q) \0 p! M0 j5 k8 i
Drama and Music
$ g! p+ |4 K E) ^0 K 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ ~/ H) ^% y q' u$ N 36. Performances of plays and music z% K3 u; V, J3 i4 N/ K0 p, M( [, u' q$ _
37. Singing& X7 E: g8 ?) {% L
% r8 c) ^9 I5 R' XProcessions: Y. K- x# e9 F3 n1 Y8 ^
38. Marches
9 X7 X8 [4 e+ r3 h2 J! M* l1 X 39. Parades6 c0 ]4 C9 `3 H0 P$ P
40. Religious processions
4 S5 [ m/ H- q2 w 41. Pilgrimages" x. Q- l# K! T- f2 @4 @- B8 |9 @7 M2 k
42. Motorcades
3 P: i9 D3 ?+ L' N- ?* A" c; G6 a/ Y. g2 f5 p; T6 R" Z1 R3 R
Honoring the Dead( R B! G& _# m: j
43. Political mourning
, W/ t. r0 T& @, u) g6 R; i 44. Mock funerals
# l9 M# l) m/ c( z2 ` 45. Demonstrative funerals( S5 ^" G5 B' I# F/ n0 Q
46. Homage at burial places
9 w3 G8 C4 A5 o! e5 H( w U* P, o8 [
Public Assemblies
9 K) |" S* {* n 47. Assemblies of protest or support, ]- B6 Y: E/ n
48. Protest meetings
# y+ r( X4 X8 ^8 {: p0 ?: \# Q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* H; G) w1 l: t3 F7 M6 S
50. Teach-ins
9 z; t; Z' r$ [; R3 k. q# M( u1 A3 ^. |4 h3 Q# L, F# `
Withdrawal and Renunciation
2 t) @: n0 t) U/ ~/ _) y& s. g 51. Walk-outs% V3 C' B) g1 Y. F& [
52. Silence
8 R$ s6 j, B0 \ a! R 53. Renouncing honors
7 M1 _ H% Q1 T# W) I* F3 d) e 54. Turning one’s back; w% ~1 ` v) a( @3 N
& U! K! s9 Z6 n- r/ d6 m! U 7 g, a8 n$ e, R# Y4 `+ }
$ `$ y% S: N. C% F! ~4 C7 nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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+ j8 e+ f4 m( o0 ^ : N$ {) L; m3 P
1 k' F* T- M& R: w" t1 h4 s
Ostracism of Persons; U" U$ |/ E, G
55. Social boycott
. \) ]% S0 M7 N4 Y' z6 x8 u5 G3 U 56. Selective social boycott9 I) G! ]! d( H! O4 M
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 \, b/ ?+ K. B( E0 Y, q* z 58. Excommunication) t. U+ Y$ d! K+ R' P$ E4 b. R r
59. Interdict
0 q3 q3 z# H& L
# G5 N# R f4 \Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 l) e" L$ L R) t# W 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- v* R( d1 Q+ c 61. Boycott of social affairs5 D, G! V- m) w& p' b( R
62. Student strike, W5 n5 d! H( _. [
63. Social disobedience
& t+ O& N2 c: s; f 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; U& P2 S7 q* D9 S6 L0 C
# e: ]+ |, I% u2 l- z. r0 \2 ]% w* dWithdrawal from the Social System0 M0 b* b L: _" q% h M
65. Stay-at-home
$ B/ f. s) l0 _8 W+ F/ b 66. Total personal noncooperation
3 `0 [0 v4 G% v" t$ ?+ f 67. “Flight” of workers* J1 V! Y' Y- H3 D& j& m, C' n$ t
68. Sanctuary
0 d" n$ Y8 S' p 69. Collective disappearance' O9 m! d* t# I
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 R N3 V9 E( B9 o# e! Z
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9 O! g+ o) j" D' A$ PActions by Consumers
l5 n6 a: E" E9 Q1 Y5 X 71. Consumers’ boycott
. r# t* V2 \, A 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; U+ k K& R$ F' l! D& [0 S
73. Policy of austerity
+ [6 l1 r2 g0 Q' H3 s* m* A 74. Rent withholding# H# M4 G8 _# t# ?$ y
75. Refusal to rent5 Q% e# e @) m
76. National consumers’ boycott- N. ^0 }+ ^7 z. m- i( S
77. International consumers’ boycott* ]& X9 d4 ~* o. w% Z
~3 @* @5 S* p9 t
Action by Workers and Producers
?& s7 t' Q4 L. N. \% R& ], }7 [4 `+ K* s 78. Workmen’s boycott
1 ]0 z7 t' J! t% u% a8 f2 j$ _ 79. Producers’ boycott1 \& _ a" W' }1 s. h
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Action by Middlemen; F* l' D- k; G0 i* m. h1 M
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" K8 y2 z6 q3 T. q/ X$ t
! z) Z* y# }( O: x
Action by Owners and Management7 E" t3 d3 z/ v8 H
81. Traders’ boycott
' e0 U( F8 L/ u0 r. S 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ Q: \) k) z8 H/ W1 h 83. Lockout
% B% ^9 X2 o+ K; E6 h 84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ Q" B$ S8 M) Q0 A: v4 N4 g# F
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! @7 P! Y n6 T+ n
: S4 [, J# x9 jAction by Holders of Financial Resources- R+ R9 G9 K& `. t# z+ n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! R2 g7 f% e1 o$ U, V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 X; X, |, m# a& n5 q6 K. Q- V
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! `) y' B# R# C8 u1 Y! \6 ]1 H 89. Severance of funds and credit
6 I+ b' i3 W) h/ A# O 90. Revenue refusal
6 \0 T6 V5 r$ E$ ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money6 s, M5 l& q6 g% j
' z6 b" _! P ^2 z! n
Action by Governments
3 |, D. S2 W) W- t9 f" L. q. F 92. Domestic embargo% Z" I' F9 l) D8 k( y. f, C2 Z Q0 V
93. Blacklisting of traders k9 s: _. T# y- z+ K% z1 o' k6 \
94. International sellers’ embargo( C, |) b A! R: ]6 t4 t/ A9 ~
95. International buyers’ embargo
5 ?5 N( a4 F" w, M( j, X 96. International trade embargo
% |2 L4 V; \5 t5 b- W E( l" m7 X; J+ O, y% t6 S4 S6 q
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- \. A5 a9 |0 P# zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 U g$ m8 K6 H- USymbolic Strikes1 o) m7 m7 a& Q; c
97. Protest strike
3 m9 Z' T3 s5 y; C7 o% ` 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* z2 s! J, {! P+ {
e( @9 M& j2 Q8 d$ mAgricultural Strikes2 `% c& v+ V {" g' A' W
99. Peasant strike, K: g) Z4 w4 n6 r
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 d& a1 N) H4 o2 ~( _ d
N" P0 s" w5 L* z
Strikes by Special Groups$ p n7 |' H+ u+ Y" a
101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 ^( v6 u( L: S$ _/ R/ B, {9 n 102. Prisoners’ strike, F. M# R5 W; L) Y% n
103. Craft strike
: t0 B. L9 K6 M6 T, x. C 104. Professional strike
& r- w9 S7 ?" T; ]4 n. {8 c6 x/ ]( ~# V! n; o' V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes. ]" f N. J9 l7 k/ c: a/ P. {
105. Establishment strike+ _5 }, @* v( g# F. w5 `0 ` I
106. Industry strike
+ h3 t+ r1 n3 [+ V 107. Sympathetic strike. D( q4 C4 p$ o
! s$ }9 C8 L8 w: I; f i
Restricted Strikes
$ d& @8 ]; N9 |2 L 108. Detailed strike
* E7 M0 \2 x. n s$ {2 h) A 109. Bumper strike4 ~: W' \6 |$ e2 w0 I- R
110. Slowdown strike
8 t: Y+ L* s. c/ p' c6 k" t 111. Working-to-rule strike
4 x- W; ^* R6 _- L4 ]1 L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in). T5 O' g: E" H0 ~, R
113. Strike by resignation
" [: ]' ?9 P; g- v 114. Limited strike2 b6 W& J& K( N
115. Selective strike
& s' l) S) X1 u- }/ L* r, ]& T: f+ s+ Z* ]
Multi-Industry Strikes) n- H! U$ {2 S2 V h% u
+ i' w4 H$ S" n0 F2 P X4 V
116. Generalized strike
9 J; I- h6 @6 |+ {1 q) N! s' L
4 Y, h9 c5 A6 Z& R 117. General strike# V2 y, p3 ?: X( t$ n
5 y6 x1 H `( G% e9 u3 ^' dCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! X: L% \: N0 ^" H
( ]/ ~. R5 P; _: y; P2 F 118. Hartal: e5 q2 ]/ f ]
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 \ p- i& `2 Y' `6 q |' F+ p6 R
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Rejection of Authority$ T1 r7 F/ u5 \3 s9 _; Z) L
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 H: Z, V5 K2 C1 M; U 121. Refusal of public support
; ~- D3 V# F' W; F, q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 g7 U8 A6 [1 F { Y1 y u1 x5 g
& ^0 E5 G+ x4 v
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 z8 x5 a8 d% y4 Z4 p' e! }
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
- ]% \1 ?1 w( t. G2 G 124. Boycott of elections
! o) _- \- Y4 K! a& ? 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! C% M! O! a/ T, L* Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. J& y% H1 H& o2 S 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 \* [3 g" F. |7 S
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( m/ t: b, f2 g g5 |
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ A$ g* u9 U6 Q 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 Q3 U6 r3 j8 B 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* [! F$ c$ Z7 e" }6 t9 `5 z' P: w 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ V5 A/ M1 \! X% j' U# A0 H
1 Y3 B4 e% L# d4 D6 O8 t" QCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 Q" X' c( x/ j: u/ q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 z# ~" [3 [. O% r! v1 T2 m
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 I5 G- `3 j+ A5 B
135. Popular nonobedience
; e! M0 D9 b% C% i- o/ Z! }: t/ y N 136. Disguised disobedience. i3 T% u# r5 [+ D! _0 R) d
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* n) b8 J+ \8 G9 I 138. Sitdown& b0 ~* `1 m$ G
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 a+ K4 A& ~: r5 O9 Z2 [ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 q- e. R8 u5 Y9 M1 j 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 G- E* I4 C+ g! J2 Q/ A6 J
+ L: h* \/ n6 Y5 J# H; B, r
Action by Government Personnel
* W: w) I/ }: s+ G 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 w2 C0 i6 Z; @ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' o5 E+ S% B) W8 H& F$ t! W 144. Stalling and obstruction% Z5 |3 z# ?" R8 a: y N
145. General administrative noncooperation' E) O! V1 |2 U4 M$ F7 h1 B" `
' g; H) S. X8 Y; V+ Z- P" I 146. Judicial noncooperation7 N0 I) D4 X7 @ a3 y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ R! U' }: H0 \- V, `( v 148. Mutiny3 \& i6 e6 j" b/ \; M$ v& h# {' h
Domestic Governmental Action4 d: e0 F" X2 S1 z; @' q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 }5 ?; }& O" z& K* Y2 f; @% s 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& Z7 m1 r g/ n6 L0 V3 {% f
' M; h; P9 x, n4 k: c2 N9 C3 oInternational Governmental Action; b: J+ N4 x; n/ N9 `2 J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 h+ K6 h8 x; q% L 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! n& d+ x0 q( [4 P" T3 k# o1 P. E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( L. P6 ~/ N& `
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 D) M9 H! ^3 Z: f/ i 155. Withdrawal from international organizations# a$ t3 b: u( n9 b9 p/ d
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 a; w4 u4 N6 C- s# B
157. Expulsion from international organizations2 F, z1 _/ |/ U7 B3 L
8 K" m! b& b. ^1 L6 ~7 O
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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1 h4 ]# i/ b. H: oPsychological Intervention
: q) n) n# r# Z0 i- f z2 w 158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 x( Y4 E6 C; G/ @- e( Z 159. The fast, Z/ K9 K' ]5 y4 i
a) Fast of moral pressure6 n9 `% {7 u' U0 q
b) Hunger strike& G$ C3 z) x1 Z5 u8 O! {
c) Satyagrahic fast
- A9 I: p( O0 s 160. Reverse trial: R `' O- v8 |$ ^; ?, k4 Q
161. Nonviolent harassment
1 e4 t) c% Q' \) n
% J& `, r, X2 F& {" `( T- zPhysical Intervention+ \7 i( N2 K# |# G6 W* n4 }% K* i
162. Sit-in E; L9 ~! g, L, }
163. Stand-in
9 P+ v4 K% t- V: U 164. Ride-in. }/ N0 Z1 S( |" G8 G/ ~: a* K
165. Wade-in
6 q- |5 @% k5 D- J- Q 166. Mill-in, ?/ m0 C" H0 ~" U8 ^
167. Pray-in h: D1 O- Y. n/ t, K" E: o% ~. y/ t
168. Nonviolent raids
) E& d: v( c+ s2 X3 U1 L# Y2 b 169. Nonviolent air raids
0 h9 L' M7 A8 [; _ 170. Nonviolent invasion
" t, A# O4 r, g$ C 171. Nonviolent interjection
. Z' {/ K" G. z- I 172. Nonviolent obstruction
% f, y. u+ ?7 z( u3 o( L, D 173. Nonviolent occupation; U* r" F }( I9 j
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Social Intervention L& X# G! z. q& ^. B0 |# F
174. Establishing new social patterns
1 e% k+ E; f2 X8 R1 ^ 175. Overloading of facilities
% j ?4 w5 U1 N 176. Stall-in$ M4 s5 k# j& x/ |
177. Speak-in
* O" L3 M% s# ^ 178. Guerrilla theater4 Z! _( w/ E! [& v# [, v
179. Alternative social institutions, d9 W) k1 z1 m' l& x
180. Alternative communication system* J0 i9 j! v9 d' W
1 y( h1 v+ ~) x- ?4 w! o
Economic Intervention
5 T1 V s/ d/ } 181. Reverse strike
' N2 Y; x6 {3 R% J8 D' {, t 182. Stay-in strike/ m4 F( p# F4 z; p8 p+ K. b
183. Nonviolent land seizure T6 n4 ^: d5 r& w. t" d: y1 @9 i
184. Defiance of blockades( |3 Z1 t& U$ b4 x% Z
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 \2 J. d8 ?3 \
186. Preclusive purchasing+ b/ [$ Y! A2 R1 D" a; \
187. Seizure of assets
: \$ Y: ~! H# j l2 h& q 188. Dumping1 r" E) \- Z8 H: F
189. Selective patronage( \$ W1 h, r( z8 u, ~! |
190. Alternative markets
/ ]( g/ ]; K; N4 [4 B8 k 191. Alternative transportation systems+ |1 L9 {0 p, ]$ f9 U
192. Alternative economic institutions! v3 U1 g0 w, P7 R
, A' N) b/ v: IPolitical Intervention0 N" a* q1 |5 V( K8 V
193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 _2 W4 o- `* m# _ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 V/ z7 ?* v% x% ]" [1 a' c
195. Seeking imprisonment
4 p9 M' A" `$ M {! O 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! ^( K8 Y2 L+ A0 t
197. Work-on without collaboration- ~- [9 _& t& h0 z3 l; f5 B) W
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
