 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 k2 k0 ]6 b3 ^Formal Statements2 k! @7 B' [' S# ]: U& s/ c
1. Public Speeches& p7 J3 a. ]' q1 Q- c+ A$ D
2. Letters of opposition or support
* R4 Z* i, C3 J& |( q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& p7 m- r' h# l9 L) ~ 4. Signed public statements5 Y% I% h' a3 \% z" i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! G9 Z* a) O& m
6. Group or mass petitions3 v, P, j, h' _/ A9 e/ [) ^
, l; Y: h: \7 j2 s: x- hCommunications with a Wider Audience n a3 R& ]/ s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( c& d1 S" V3 c" L
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 c- Z9 a0 D2 k8 I; t/ Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( D: Y8 K7 k& L/ T2 Z 10. Newspapers and journals
; k* v8 W5 j2 D' }" U4 G% H 11. Records, radio, and television
# e/ S: x2 L1 @" x4 \' V( z9 F 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ P0 h; ?# r2 @) z2 ]
' J) R X" B# t* d. ?: a% {1 x5 hGroup Representations+ R; t4 X0 |1 G. M6 i
13. Deputations2 K# @" S: C+ k1 `! t. }
14. Mock awards
5 e! ^3 I2 F. y0 \' c 15. Group lobbying* W% V. ^; v/ Y7 a( Z
16. Picketing
# N# o+ e0 w7 U+ ~' d5 K# ~+ ~6 n 17. Mock elections, e7 p G! ]) m1 k: _6 F; G& ~; k
8 E2 b( [" r4 F5 D6 ?Symbolic Public Acts
6 w# y& e' f; K v; A+ } 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; h4 E8 m# G4 _ 19. Wearing of symbols
6 S+ z5 z" F% e) O5 `6 u v, f 20. Prayer and worship
1 ~& y$ A3 n6 L: Z- w 21. Delivering symbolic objects* \! j. d) ?& i
22. Protest disrobings5 O: L+ m8 G6 k* |& V0 i
23. Destruction of own property) ]. e4 ?6 d( X6 @
24. Symbolic lights8 ]7 F0 H" B$ d7 P: z
25. Displays of portraits$ r4 R1 l! E8 Z7 I3 J% F. U- r
26. Paint as protest
$ X" L8 i2 D, y6 [- N. S: S 27. New signs and names/ }, G! f8 ^- \+ M$ B6 ?! w; ~
28. Symbolic sounds
7 j/ p8 E* k/ h9 W) S 29. Symbolic reclamations
$ |; A5 |% G5 o! _ 30. Rude gestures( b) t/ n5 o" H1 w
) z% E4 y, X# q0 b2 L. `
Pressures on Individuals
% M R# K6 n4 E) g4 I( z0 f 31. “Haunting” officials
8 Y% j# e4 g$ i- y4 d 32. Taunting officials. |' g& a2 u( T2 C% w$ d# N
33. Fraternization
" P4 Z; ]# _8 i( Q/ b8 c% g( T 34. Vigils
/ _1 f. G9 I" _: G2 X' A4 F- g; n
Drama and Music- I8 @& j% [5 p) c, |2 B
35. Humorous skits and pranks( j3 Z/ N- l; J% \- p( N
36. Performances of plays and music
6 \- t: q3 h5 N3 l 37. Singing
1 F3 G& {/ H# ~* [" t: Z0 v2 j7 r k" T4 ^3 z" y& T0 V- _* _, {
Processions
& m3 r% I6 v1 G' ^9 h& S9 r 38. Marches
& ?$ i- _9 q1 Q" a% n+ w( v* a9 e 39. Parades
& W F |3 G4 e. m& p. R" f 40. Religious processions
) A R% f$ a3 q$ h8 ^ 41. Pilgrimages
5 f* i0 V: Y7 ^- b 42. Motorcades
5 y3 O t# [/ v. s4 ^ C9 [
1 C6 K& ~( ^1 D0 k' H9 XHonoring the Dead, m! F$ t" {8 K: d
43. Political mourning( A: q1 @$ i$ E! u6 @6 [
44. Mock funerals! r& g R5 Q# |# f$ |/ m% D( Z
45. Demonstrative funerals. ]0 ^! P% S1 z
46. Homage at burial places0 w) }, t8 Q- _. l# L
/ K7 [3 n' p: w/ {- q% r
Public Assemblies
, U0 z7 O0 X- r; l- H0 }3 Z/ P 47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 |! R- G1 ?. D- _2 G( J 48. Protest meetings
. M. `8 R2 ~4 J w5 B" b2 m 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) @4 u7 f/ |# T+ w
50. Teach-ins
% E' m5 W0 e4 m' {% t* V$ \# z/ a2 D. m. [ V' i4 {- y7 ~0 r
Withdrawal and Renunciation+ J% B4 n( K7 d6 z6 W
51. Walk-outs" O7 g" K3 P# X. W2 _6 i Z' P
52. Silence
( B1 H8 a! h& {0 E: g8 t 53. Renouncing honors
5 |8 H6 E! r3 U. X, D/ v 54. Turning one’s back2 Z( @8 s' W3 {
8 x/ H3 x, d7 o# v# {$ A& e ' V3 J1 u" u6 M! w& M& }; r6 j
( ^+ h* u: D0 `& H3 V% M6 l% h- V
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION8 S% [+ |8 n+ \1 b
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$ s/ j$ T' i! |" W# m. A D4 A' P
6 d$ S& [# f% pOstracism of Persons& \" t: [2 I/ o) Y
55. Social boycott
6 r3 m0 Y0 F$ P1 S8 U" {& h 56. Selective social boycott! `; R: a: J3 k; s0 L* r o2 {
57. Lysistratic nonaction
]9 @2 M$ N7 J+ R8 M2 I6 k 58. Excommunication& D& y- E* r+ L: i8 _7 R
59. Interdict/ v( ^) i: ?5 e( H f) o
" ~6 C5 S! v8 j& hNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions* ?3 X" a4 P' X2 c6 [- Y, ]+ K
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 p7 e& s! q3 K4 E 61. Boycott of social affairs
9 G$ `2 X, [! C1 z 62. Student strike! Y& i' s( A7 h7 S% h, ~
63. Social disobedience
' [' k+ S: h% z+ W0 a T 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 R9 ~$ H( N* M6 r/ i. ~
8 o6 j! Z5 E: m% i% t7 NWithdrawal from the Social System
2 ~" j1 e" L. e1 q* n2 l 65. Stay-at-home6 b8 n! d4 ^7 t/ i5 w# V9 t
66. Total personal noncooperation" v9 c) h8 b" o" I; ?$ B7 S
67. “Flight” of workers
- K& u" u: c s 68. Sanctuary
$ Q# A* m H/ D# e# g 69. Collective disappearance( L% F9 j6 X* y! v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
E8 u: r+ L* Z9 M+ R
4 s1 g! t4 Q* V ' U6 f' k* Y3 Y3 v
Actions by Consumers
! V' K. w" M$ `1 B9 v( |# m ` 71. Consumers’ boycott
" [+ N8 ]# s3 A% [ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% z+ U- U4 y6 x9 I$ L8 W6 _2 Y4 W 73. Policy of austerity
9 Q3 j3 l V) l3 q% g! D* h 74. Rent withholding
5 x+ H9 o5 f+ R* B: r 75. Refusal to rent: n) j: V" C! i4 B$ e+ |
76. National consumers’ boycott
" v! c L- f1 @2 w8 g" y 77. International consumers’ boycott6 x. L) M# J4 |( m ?
$ p* K6 A- G' U6 H
Action by Workers and Producers
5 O/ u- R( @* Q* H! g" Y- [" { 78. Workmen’s boycott. `8 _$ Q& y1 Z( v, \. S
79. Producers’ boycott
4 q1 d, i0 A' G! C5 `7 n9 E9 B$ u$ x7 P0 U/ A/ w: x" F+ U' V
Action by Middlemen
& B8 x. ^9 o+ x# u 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 E% i7 l* U2 Y9 b0 ?" ~
! F9 i j3 J c* h, J. |# bAction by Owners and Management" M# G: p3 v0 `1 C' d; v% E3 k
81. Traders’ boycott# A7 i# A% w8 y: K8 r. P
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 y* f: z9 V- S9 ]: F 83. Lockout; ^9 X. T+ @' K0 l( C
84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 _. F/ k% u+ S, G* a: [2 o! x0 p
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" T1 q4 l5 J4 J c3 }
# d7 @! \- m$ f' s$ YAction by Holders of Financial Resources1 @4 b& u6 r' A# t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 L" Y- J3 G& I$ \& ?) D1 C 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 e; D, ^) {( r# d, ` 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. s( N) F& T* H1 Z& z' j
89. Severance of funds and credit9 S) M5 x% o5 Z, l9 {( ~7 Z
90. Revenue refusal
, D1 k% j! \7 B+ [" t# C 91. Refusal of a government’s money3 c* F% t% K: A7 _6 [7 e
8 D: U! F. |. C! |- A8 | a
Action by Governments8 i0 w* @- ^- s: K1 P4 h- G
92. Domestic embargo
. x* A: I# y; {# q$ [6 i* r6 ^% [3 y( B 93. Blacklisting of traders- z, U5 \7 I. D9 F" k2 F
94. International sellers’ embargo
3 ~( m1 M( K: h6 O2 |8 l4 R; L 95. International buyers’ embargo: O' C% b& n. [: y! p
96. International trade embargo4 l. p$ U3 `- B* }1 L; e, C
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- @! \! G9 g# ]9 \3 V& \- uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 w- N3 q$ V; X6 d5 r0 N
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# X7 S6 p/ @/ r0 {4 DSymbolic Strikes
3 }, L8 ?2 n* L- r0 d8 v 97. Protest strike
4 D* K2 E3 m, o# W e& e 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& v/ u3 h+ f; f: \$ L( u
+ n' x/ V9 c" o7 |* f- c, k$ d. EAgricultural Strikes
& f! d2 n" R6 A" I% o$ L& J# a 99. Peasant strike( m8 I% S. r- ]( J! a. ]/ s! u/ K
100. Farm Workers’ strike
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; l2 |$ G5 [1 w% B' TStrikes by Special Groups
8 O7 H5 C% B9 w1 o 101. Refusal of impressed labor/ F" M9 A- Y: m2 h. Q
102. Prisoners’ strike3 R% g- P: K5 v* `8 Z
103. Craft strike, U: V" t& V) c
104. Professional strike* @. u5 E7 }/ }$ T* X
1 l# w8 T: V6 D
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
$ W; L( k3 t, F4 J0 u7 M 105. Establishment strike
: z! R; X+ w# k* ]8 v0 Y 106. Industry strike& {2 v }* V/ r# A( [
107. Sympathetic strike- F ]( T1 D# x3 a* R
$ N4 P- L8 r! U" b* R3 iRestricted Strikes, v( P! n4 d# ?2 b
108. Detailed strike
! T* [, D H; |) k/ h) a8 `- \ 109. Bumper strike
5 b) A. |9 N' g* L6 s! ] 110. Slowdown strike
E8 m" ~$ Q `$ I. B& t0 [( }( U 111. Working-to-rule strike
+ p! G2 O4 V( Z& L* u: } 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 o* B( w0 ^6 `/ f* k
113. Strike by resignation& s# V, w/ Y7 U; O, _
114. Limited strike
& C1 x* Z/ N) m+ W" S7 Z7 C 115. Selective strike
8 a; ]0 h4 j, u. [! c p$ U! |
9 }! S! l1 I# ^$ |3 a# hMulti-Industry Strikes
3 z! |0 o# t7 `7 {& [8 O5 T$ C7 g. ~7 j. h
116. Generalized strike6 B1 F5 a" N) g- a9 @1 i
7 z0 d6 F4 Z# q+ B5 ?( ]
117. General strike
2 h Z/ K' F/ R. P/ j# l3 C! w7 c- {. |9 [1 n8 X( F
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! |/ N' \* `0 L9 O) b; _
3 Q6 @* c0 h; ~: x) m4 L& Q2 s 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown l. h* z$ H; K$ M
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3 L/ M2 j" i) q8 tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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% B; _' G' g1 ^0 @: W( sRejection of Authority) G: a8 {3 ^5 [/ A( j
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' d5 @8 T# X/ k, g
121. Refusal of public support
: s2 e8 l+ w' `1 g: R# W 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# {7 _, ]# W' e* d
% [+ u u9 }' F, Q& ^Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% T( |" v5 N) P7 }( l8 t, @ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& F7 q. g# z9 @3 |' { 124. Boycott of elections
% D0 p6 E6 E( ?3 R @" _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% H- C6 S0 q$ E3 J, ^+ u- ?( Y/ t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 S9 p: A6 t8 a: ?+ y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 z, @. g1 e: T, U, E- N* B# _3 x
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% p; h. `0 T) |$ p2 S5 C ^
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 C0 w: k5 j/ p) f5 U) D 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 g; u9 p! `; N. v: X
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 z. d* `" E5 X; g
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 T* q& e# y2 Y: S/ ~: S- z
7 f, ]& k9 X O& kCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; Y# [, ^& z4 L1 u3 P 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- l, h6 r, k/ }( C& Y0 D- [. P 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' E: ~7 I/ d h' M' B2 C
135. Popular nonobedience
; j8 e( U3 Z. W9 L 136. Disguised disobedience0 j7 ^. L: o C% @, ?7 U
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) V& E8 c- d7 a6 ` 138. Sitdown
1 Y4 ]* F# l, I! J 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* c- {& y2 P# p1 L: K 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, r/ K1 @* ~: l6 _% j 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 }* f: O0 u0 z% _) R+ ~% n9 Z
6 p" r P( ] e6 eAction by Government Personnel! ^' y: H% r2 B
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) i3 [5 I" H, h7 K5 i3 H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* ~" q6 I0 t0 P 144. Stalling and obstruction, N, @7 ^1 _; p* D2 A0 x
145. General administrative noncooperation6 A a E+ a/ ` Z+ L( L8 l' R
1 Z# m) e9 N C; X/ H& b& V6 ?% ^2 ~
146. Judicial noncooperation
8 [% t( @3 I1 G# @( r2 M) t! g 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% |, u0 X, G# X9 W, a
148. Mutiny" z1 X8 d& p C5 L' d
Domestic Governmental Action
* p5 f$ J* s$ _; T. J- n 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- x4 b3 f- j7 @! r" t! b 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 h/ K7 B1 w! g2 s$ k% E2 g- ^
! c) g* X- t" k& Z& B2 |, c
International Governmental Action
4 p% Z, V! @& r, | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' e& j1 p7 H! m+ y, `3 I) [8 l6 a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: F' S( R; t( }% G! I 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 |; A6 W" q+ b' D
154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ W$ b! C0 y: J5 ^9 g) y* x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! s$ [0 O# [5 @1 R$ q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies! ~/ L* p4 Q& t( T' f
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 p' A! d, \8 G& Z; y
$ n3 G2 U8 ^- L8 r9 j0 g
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; t5 ~) y' Y+ `( w% x, a1 Z) J6 P \' Z5 l+ H+ l, c" T
0 q3 y. ]* A' o" ` o7 e! TPsychological Intervention3 Y' G% N, j" l8 h- O3 J
158. Self-exposure to the elements
! }5 [$ z5 M; `# n& B 159. The fast
: }. i$ C, |( S1 y5 ? a) Fast of moral pressure7 q$ C* M5 f' `1 v/ I
b) Hunger strike
, J b7 I% i+ { c) Satyagrahic fast5 r1 C+ Z( Y! \# @$ _
160. Reverse trial
, V7 M$ c) L4 C! g 161. Nonviolent harassment
% G9 m0 G8 r t c c
# R6 r" d, }, Z& o9 ^Physical Intervention
% g6 m7 s# ]) d; V 162. Sit-in1 T2 k4 p/ T6 M+ f7 t! w( e5 U1 x
163. Stand-in! n$ c+ @1 N3 P' }; X+ Z0 F
164. Ride-in
8 h: s+ _( w3 r 165. Wade-in( g! |5 t* J% y: `
166. Mill-in
2 o/ X# q, R$ }6 n 167. Pray-in
( u. Z w% ? V. ]" S |: f 168. Nonviolent raids' a) W& F5 n7 d: Z. R% D
169. Nonviolent air raids+ w1 R$ b' x* A
170. Nonviolent invasion
: q2 Y: B" i& Z4 a+ }* t+ `* o* i4 g 171. Nonviolent interjection$ `- q. A/ |; {) b
172. Nonviolent obstruction7 Q* D: Z; N7 u7 \" M2 z$ A: b
173. Nonviolent occupation
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6 V2 r0 L. F8 SSocial Intervention
4 O) a1 D; a) D+ A: E5 M5 B 174. Establishing new social patterns! B+ l* D6 n4 A0 U
175. Overloading of facilities8 _' \9 p2 b8 Y$ A
176. Stall-in0 F6 |2 g6 @' J' r' P( B$ r
177. Speak-in/ t7 I7 I7 H3 ?) e b B. `+ `9 c
178. Guerrilla theater
; S; N% j5 f- v# x4 ?: `6 @$ Y 179. Alternative social institutions
: x/ j1 A+ F6 { B7 {4 c 180. Alternative communication system- D/ M) u1 }" H3 _
5 _, j: V2 V: L# R4 v
Economic Intervention
& a- U; ]- X. h3 C9 |, s 181. Reverse strike6 |' ]* P3 F2 y+ s( Z1 v) |! X
182. Stay-in strike
2 D8 g9 X0 a% q 183. Nonviolent land seizure
; G7 V) n- \8 u t# S' n7 |6 o. c 184. Defiance of blockades
- m8 x; D- p# W v* W4 n# l 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; n, q3 S7 l6 ~" U1 @3 x# z
186. Preclusive purchasing
5 z5 d7 |: u3 Z, s. R7 V9 } 187. Seizure of assets/ \4 T5 U8 ~6 w6 y( }) w
188. Dumping
5 e8 B B* v% D4 d 189. Selective patronage. r' G# Z. U5 }4 X( K0 O' s
190. Alternative markets. I& H* o1 _+ [* a. }1 t$ J
191. Alternative transportation systems4 I6 o, N g& I: K! }( Y+ U
192. Alternative economic institutions
9 C+ ` m% p0 F) z: O3 A
, }! \1 Q) C. B6 e- iPolitical Intervention
- u1 w# T1 }7 U( P6 C1 I. N 193. Overloading of administrative systems Y. Y1 |5 o8 S8 J
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ F5 [/ z* \% V+ K
195. Seeking imprisonment% } O7 {5 m! J( v" s6 `
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 o+ |0 N! F# Z R 197. Work-on without collaboration7 [1 ^6 w3 R/ e( g$ [6 F0 k
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
