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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: M/ ~3 H) ]3 v4 e, u
Formal Statements
) f) u" I E5 x& ` 1. Public Speeches5 k+ E9 U" \% g1 C0 I$ q* z" T) @7 j
2. Letters of opposition or support- C# A& ~1 B0 W3 A7 [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 Q5 k y6 t- A' z& l8 Y' p- r 4. Signed public statements) v- C4 l0 Q# _8 ^- a& I
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 b: b$ [$ e& j 6. Group or mass petitions+ i/ S( [: O) @5 a
- E9 i/ y- t* |( N4 g
Communications with a Wider Audience+ P9 K* P2 }- {/ u
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 C6 \; s- _* U" e
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ @, U+ P5 ]$ j1 g% ]
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( j* E, s+ q0 y( o" x6 o. X 10. Newspapers and journals6 U: k, E4 _2 s
11. Records, radio, and television% F* c) }9 I3 j; q' s
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 S3 t4 o* d- F2 ^4 G6 h& v, h$ I/ m s
Group Representations* ^) E' k4 i& T; v. @9 u/ C: i
13. Deputations
! F4 ]% f9 I9 n! D& B 14. Mock awards
6 ], ]" n% v4 p. x 15. Group lobbying( J n& d0 y4 x5 M; u
16. Picketing" A, d% L8 z0 O
17. Mock elections+ h5 j- ?/ D3 h3 p: a
: x1 z( k, @* A6 p BSymbolic Public Acts
" h: k1 P" |: V3 y2 n P% t8 y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 e1 J7 ^& \; `3 t: x+ E 19. Wearing of symbols& i1 i3 {- B" @. P- Q! B# X0 w8 T6 z
20. Prayer and worship
: m# @; Y( n9 `5 P' i' m+ s' ], ? 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 R! p4 S% v& k0 c$ X' x( U/ k
22. Protest disrobings
8 V; G3 `8 B' @! O+ q0 D% y4 q( _0 h 23. Destruction of own property' U) K/ o$ B% ^ }$ [! \: J
24. Symbolic lights5 I2 Q! b5 X1 e5 w/ E
25. Displays of portraits! c( s. b: N1 z ^% m& D
26. Paint as protest
2 _0 w6 I/ d0 z, N+ B+ _6 @% C9 M 27. New signs and names
~0 D9 p! y D& T6 A$ z 28. Symbolic sounds6 v$ F; N+ I v" N% p F9 i! v4 B
29. Symbolic reclamations
: ^6 U" ?1 i0 f/ f) N 30. Rude gestures: E' J- U8 G' B% k/ c2 {
& W0 f, M) \2 m! ?' @9 U) c+ D. @* K1 T! iPressures on Individuals9 V; L0 b; g0 \; ^2 u
31. “Haunting” officials
5 R7 \1 ]# Y' J2 B; P+ H 32. Taunting officials. V. Q) u, R2 t( q
33. Fraternization
' l: Y4 W+ J" u 34. Vigils( G5 J, d. i& D8 q. z8 s
5 h6 `" W: X0 _! b8 T& ^' i' }
Drama and Music
: U$ Z/ q6 {4 [ g% p4 @! X 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* e2 B m# U) ?, d 36. Performances of plays and music
- Y0 J8 q, R. y" f# }5 X/ ?2 Z: y 37. Singing7 @7 [& g; g1 k' W
: Y; q! J; b; x+ E* C0 o, R
Processions
H$ Y6 B: D! f" ?- \1 S# u 38. Marches
3 J$ T, C: _% }! x2 ` 39. Parades
0 a! q0 x6 W2 ?/ h' [2 s 40. Religious processions; d9 t/ }" U( x/ k
41. Pilgrimages( Q: E8 q0 Z0 t4 n V
42. Motorcades
" Z4 F7 J+ o* p% |% I% {4 Q! s1 O. c( d: H, b
Honoring the Dead
k, S6 e" i8 [5 O& f+ ? 43. Political mourning
+ [0 ~( X6 U4 |% d$ L/ |" Z" v. i. s 44. Mock funerals: p- X7 ~+ [; ^0 i' H( p7 x
45. Demonstrative funerals
6 y' m- ]9 f7 L6 \ 46. Homage at burial places6 J% S" ~+ u# q2 i
" d5 {2 S; J5 [6 j, N$ U5 G
Public Assemblies
}+ Q8 x# i. ]: a5 l 47. Assemblies of protest or support
: [8 K) h; p( t4 z8 H 48. Protest meetings
( `: E9 E& ^7 L 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ |$ @8 T! K& p+ A( `1 h/ f& J
50. Teach-ins
- ?3 \ x1 V4 l( r( w
; E' K1 Z- Z, o3 R' P8 t( bWithdrawal and Renunciation
" }- U0 S0 F% b/ Q: z4 J$ r 51. Walk-outs
" [3 _1 A7 m$ `1 S! { D 52. Silence7 q. L5 C5 B+ ` v0 C* |
53. Renouncing honors- U9 f2 X: g+ j/ s+ M7 D
54. Turning one’s back
& C& ~# `' k. N: W3 n
/ T; {, O6 }; T4 C- n. ~) O% M
" n u' a: k% P+ v! W" H
; F/ @. G6 |- C- ATHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ {! ~' B! d" _2 z: e
6 s5 f) H, P WOstracism of Persons
- x' M+ K* Q& z9 h) `) T 55. Social boycott1 j6 H# \' i; Y( y: o y" d
56. Selective social boycott
/ K* {/ u/ o, A# ~$ B- t7 x1 t 57. Lysistratic nonaction' d3 i2 T9 ^* S8 L
58. Excommunication0 _; L @, v }8 C7 }
59. Interdict3 E# {: p' f' S0 Y1 i- O
. {8 b4 v7 t& [ J3 v6 i
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ i( e% B4 C7 \2 \* } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ {* _! }1 y/ U+ R1 E1 l5 c 61. Boycott of social affairs" k: }+ c6 J3 L9 o% g8 T$ @
62. Student strike: R4 x6 N, L" O. s
63. Social disobedience7 I# c8 K% E; F: G6 A, Z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 Y l- p1 x9 u: D( A- D% |/ }( f3 \8 Q# Z5 M6 \8 r' I9 J% E- w* ^
Withdrawal from the Social System
! H' \- W$ s5 k- g/ s# e 65. Stay-at-home. m! C. b; k4 ~
66. Total personal noncooperation
5 @$ w% v- E( o6 F 67. “Flight” of workers. a+ I! c6 z: Z) d) \$ r" a/ e
68. Sanctuary
: q# `. b- X6 F% i3 y9 Q 69. Collective disappearance
n) n, N& \8 W% Y. x' U 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ d/ E& X5 }0 X. }
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4 @( K6 d! N& `7 Z1 C: _, K! _+ u! BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 _4 }2 m1 g; c* \4 v5 i: k& B
% p+ d2 I0 n- D* a9 ?- i
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Actions by Consumers$ i3 W( s8 B; N, W$ Y
71. Consumers’ boycott
+ Y# t3 V K, Z( g I: h! a 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 Z) Z) Q6 }/ N- w$ [6 ^( t
73. Policy of austerity& \; z0 i( }/ w6 L5 w: e" H
74. Rent withholding8 h% c, ~ D5 \
75. Refusal to rent
5 g8 Y* X# q4 O* W Z 76. National consumers’ boycott
/ }1 t; y% ]" y/ _+ b: { 77. International consumers’ boycott
. s7 Y7 I* ?/ s, V8 R
6 a9 o( {3 v; ^' O3 e% n9 bAction by Workers and Producers
& H- }6 `& c1 z: b 78. Workmen’s boycott8 k& s: b n' r9 i
79. Producers’ boycott
* t$ O& U0 k. w% _
& F$ Q" _1 s5 H9 s% AAction by Middlemen
1 p& v0 h# F0 Z z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ f, _4 a/ Q l. e6 m
1 b1 s7 l( X- X/ KAction by Owners and Management
' W9 r' Z5 |0 g8 @# w+ t3 x 81. Traders’ boycott/ O& i! B. Y4 G v
82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 w; G# Z2 S' K% h 83. Lockout
. _8 p" I( B: Z+ j$ z) H* O4 B 84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 B% w" h$ [- H
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 C' S2 T: Y4 `. A5 ^) X9 h- Q
) J. Z: ^* O9 H j- @+ `: B/ rAction by Holders of Financial Resources- D j' E' I! V- Z5 z' m
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% }# t3 A: ~( B+ [) q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 Q. N. I' v8 D) g1 I8 y
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest% Z# p* U5 |. b L
89. Severance of funds and credit$ V) N1 K8 b' }$ @( T+ `! j& I; D
90. Revenue refusal2 k9 f( q& p+ n- g0 \0 f
91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 x, j# L2 f4 U
% w9 f: l9 I7 w) b) C$ o( }Action by Governments( m2 \0 @5 K# ~6 k# k( J
92. Domestic embargo, ~* j3 ~8 H9 C1 a2 }1 f; Q8 ~
93. Blacklisting of traders
- j* K6 M7 V0 B" ^- X6 r0 [! A 94. International sellers’ embargo
, }4 i J& u5 s) X4 f9 X8 P 95. International buyers’ embargo8 r1 }; `. a, U
96. International trade embargo, m, l4 z) d2 ^7 ? \/ t8 U
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( k0 m# ]% [( l. RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 p8 h, q; t- W9 Q7 v- i1 @
& x! c# _+ v8 v1 J5 N: e3 v
) ?7 R) ?0 v7 x$ N' v% @/ c) K6 f
Symbolic Strikes' I1 g' [* G* L
97. Protest strike
5 J( r* v9 Q9 a. X# s 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 O' [7 j& `8 H% E% M
3 r3 f: o& K" y% ^
Agricultural Strikes
& R7 [* E* W4 T2 B' v 99. Peasant strike' P& m5 E9 X1 [4 q5 D4 `* Z& p4 }$ s
100. Farm Workers’ strike$ P' G. Y2 \0 j) q8 p$ Z/ d2 ^
; m3 L& O) N$ F* V; c+ x
Strikes by Special Groups, w; K/ U9 e2 W7 `2 q( Z
101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 V* [% {5 P0 \+ g 102. Prisoners’ strike
0 ?+ c1 ^. T# a- i* w5 Z' ^ 103. Craft strike
) J: T9 f2 d: q7 S' u 104. Professional strike
$ e' w3 P4 H$ k5 L4 X* T% r
7 s- L7 m3 l* X7 f8 h9 R" COrdinary Industrial Strikes, V9 ?2 \. p( j' {, D# y0 I; r; _
105. Establishment strike
3 m0 k: H- B2 O! M 106. Industry strike
1 D- u& w) r6 D4 u/ b 107. Sympathetic strike. F( |4 i N9 A/ y* C$ m
% \# \) _# a: m4 D8 S8 o4 m% R; }Restricted Strikes
0 Q! x+ A7 ?2 @; ]$ _ 108. Detailed strike' S% M. r/ r2 ~/ J) ^
109. Bumper strike2 }* y* I _6 m4 k
110. Slowdown strike) _8 R; |" {+ R J
111. Working-to-rule strike; I. C: M6 e- B
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# w5 k6 n9 M" N, P6 _+ v: D 113. Strike by resignation
3 I0 }) b4 P n5 H: Y; [ 114. Limited strike
# Q! L5 X! |2 {5 h. b 115. Selective strike
- o# R0 s: z' p6 T1 @ h6 B
! z5 o2 [6 Y+ v' i( b! g5 x" {Multi-Industry Strikes
; o L! U8 } v" c1 c3 E5 z6 Y c" Q. ]+ \& K
116. Generalized strike* c% z/ y6 E9 G2 A1 c* B
+ r& I0 v0 o$ p7 `" @) T, ~
117. General strike5 M& A: @& ^& h t. v: e
3 G+ P* j# t/ }, K* e4 PCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 `% g0 M5 r1 p2 ~9 i" ^. _$ b: W
/ M7 B, W3 w8 L( f 118. Hartal
2 _( \* t( F8 L# m* W3 A
+ m5 A( M, g& O: B9 {, k* r 119. Economic shutdown/ ]$ x( j* u4 }2 t
7 `) F/ [8 ^' T1 l4 k* p3 X H
9 j! z% r% \! I# ^3 X: I2 L' C/ v! t, Z, H! g& ?; d- A I# \
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, s% d: S# n$ E' E8 K: F
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Rejection of Authority; Q/ a7 B1 e7 b; q1 }, s
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, K7 N+ M& c8 k# l6 U# K
121. Refusal of public support* |8 P3 X& J. j9 P! V6 u$ E# Z8 O- J
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 g$ \/ O4 w5 ]9 E( I' S
; A2 b4 z. h, z! V; \Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 x0 U( s8 N' x/ q6 W8 h& |' m# n 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" [+ U) w! {5 D
124. Boycott of elections
6 I' k" n# {' X7 e; V1 g7 P) B5 H 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 Z* v- A( O5 |! k- S4 E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 Z4 Q# O2 S& C0 {6 v% Q0 a) a
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! a1 j B7 [; W) R 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) ]/ k( @& D+ Y. C# W8 i
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 q# o0 O; |( ^2 h( W& g$ k5 }/ e 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 ]' h* C. ]$ X4 A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( l5 K$ N8 c. A& a- A 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# Q% s9 }5 @3 m$ U& j% [. b$ C+ J* U" Q( l9 h$ ]+ p, _& C. }. \7 j
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 b: x8 c [( K' {& D
133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 }5 _/ v2 e; X/ x, S! g" ^6 L
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
U# @4 Y2 h3 p 135. Popular nonobedience
8 P( | @& |5 A1 k! P" O5 { 136. Disguised disobedience5 ?0 g2 ]! A) z7 e# U
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% s4 C# P8 h5 ?# F3 V0 d
138. Sitdown- I( J# K( O! G. u9 k; e
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# d0 i+ @6 a7 s* ]. ^/ g- r7 s 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" m) s1 O8 k- u* c& T7 I 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) B6 f% q- X; }! y; l
. G) f" b/ K% B0 X7 |6 A
Action by Government Personnel# Y% E# N4 j3 v! v% O6 H3 t9 ?5 k/ z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ |3 Q. R9 B# n1 { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% r' A% b. O$ F. O, ` 144. Stalling and obstruction' S; O& b4 ^5 I4 w
145. General administrative noncooperation
# t3 Q1 N' \+ u; m7 u# W' { B
+ R! Z# f- R/ i0 ]4 {9 g 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ L0 R% ?) _0 C; z/ E0 ^ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! O" B/ }/ R/ E3 w1 V8 ]1 P9 S. C: _0 g
148. Mutiny
8 t4 W0 A/ s. n& x z4 ?, m9 v- H! ^Domestic Governmental Action$ p& V N8 p" Q9 H9 N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- k) T/ V" V; `- ?
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 r6 d8 V8 \) }4 K1 N" X: @* c" J
! Q9 b* P; E l: o# \International Governmental Action$ b' l7 n- A. K) J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 T- @- Z0 [) B$ G: J
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, A6 w! _% O- R3 K" p! u 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 [/ V4 V; u1 K) _
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( P, B+ i7 k$ d2 S# `# z* d
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 U$ [# c. u. T- C+ d X" D, X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 K4 ~3 ?% D/ R 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 A0 q$ d; C, K* U ^1 T
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9 U3 B( ]9 q" l9 O+ tTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 a4 F F& I4 k8 a
* [5 T- g' g' X) h+ L ' Q- c" m# y+ `
Psychological Intervention- o# B: B+ k* d7 x* E
158. Self-exposure to the elements8 s' ^0 y0 D h: S
159. The fast
5 `. a3 K5 h# D e, d8 V. I" t0 l a) Fast of moral pressure5 P8 m, l6 {, O/ A6 z
b) Hunger strike
9 E$ I- R9 V$ I# s) J2 h$ b c) Satyagrahic fast
+ b9 [0 @3 k+ g5 Y5 U 160. Reverse trial
4 @, Z: \; S4 p7 P7 F. K4 J 161. Nonviolent harassment
# x- O8 K5 d: x, _( C+ R' W8 o1 m: T; `( f; d5 v3 i+ {! [" G' p. K% i
Physical Intervention
; z& I; S! L3 n/ {0 ]# h" w. q 162. Sit-in
7 U) R2 |; n6 e/ C7 _' I. T- P& c 163. Stand-in
6 e v; y2 } ?; j" @1 d5 Y 164. Ride-in
0 s% y! W/ }8 b! _% c* M 165. Wade-in
1 r1 H% @ c9 [2 y6 k: u 166. Mill-in/ m. J- @) F9 w4 w) C8 B; K! e
167. Pray-in3 v+ u( h7 g7 L G
168. Nonviolent raids( B6 Y. ]& F5 g- o" i0 N) G" m; g% {
169. Nonviolent air raids+ I% r; K- |" c' s. Z8 @
170. Nonviolent invasion% ~. R8 p+ d/ m" H& e
171. Nonviolent interjection+ I9 K; J) [1 ]& }% V
172. Nonviolent obstruction4 f9 W: c2 n, B$ K, t
173. Nonviolent occupation( I, Z$ Y! o5 l4 ^1 z0 F; `
6 i+ Q9 ]1 M) f3 u3 bSocial Intervention
& D. N) }' C* P9 [ 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 N' x6 v* V; K2 `" \ 175. Overloading of facilities
2 [4 N/ y$ g$ x0 E2 R. ? B 176. Stall-in9 n- L$ b: m+ E- z! Y$ j8 ^
177. Speak-in
" y; W9 m# n& k/ R6 ]( N 178. Guerrilla theater O5 ?- W3 v _% `+ V# ~+ G, G
179. Alternative social institutions
2 T6 M4 s9 h3 T- z' i" O8 ^ 180. Alternative communication system2 w7 `' X5 Y2 x6 x3 o
4 c+ ^# e& O# r- UEconomic Intervention# o( K3 |0 z8 q2 `2 g# i" U
181. Reverse strike$ D8 `* u% Q, O9 J l( d& k* t
182. Stay-in strike5 [( u. w$ R6 x* n. K7 d' L2 A& U
183. Nonviolent land seizure! X, v: ]5 J/ U7 ?' f
184. Defiance of blockades9 }/ u; u: C9 h# |, W
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. D+ G5 _% h n q) j# U# x. o" {5 Q
186. Preclusive purchasing
' l( v8 W# M5 y1 [ 187. Seizure of assets
9 K$ N9 l1 z7 K% g/ L8 e# r 188. Dumping: x1 `8 S. [ n* O
189. Selective patronage& f+ L' S: K' O! ]$ ~$ u2 O' J' H: i
190. Alternative markets3 ?# t+ m3 t6 Y! B
191. Alternative transportation systems) Z: x; h( N/ {! c* m8 V6 C
192. Alternative economic institutions4 p6 k3 Q% w/ |- w: ^
9 \1 D3 e0 L+ p- Q; LPolitical Intervention& P. g7 O" T, p- D. _ h
193. Overloading of administrative systems' M% Q, `$ i( t6 i: z) R
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 R* N9 o& V0 E0 [( B* L 195. Seeking imprisonment: i5 ]* F) Y7 L, O' U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 B& y6 C$ H V4 g; R) F; Q$ V
197. Work-on without collaboration+ Y i. _ u- P. Y" P: U& b
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
