 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 C) f( q. {1 c+ ?. eFormal Statements8 O, w% }: r, \( f% i) }( ~/ C
1. Public Speeches
" o" I, g, E/ W9 S8 u9 m 2. Letters of opposition or support& T; J$ H, W; N3 n, v
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions5 J6 S; @, Y1 S
4. Signed public statements
) S$ m/ k( v" F! P 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& i4 P8 T# C) [" Z9 i( {/ A { 6. Group or mass petitions
3 x8 `$ Z: g; w/ X
, _, J) w5 P% L, U. m, T' WCommunications with a Wider Audience
+ u" R) q9 v$ v8 ^3 X( B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, F& C0 ~- ?) W8 S1 A 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; C0 E% v2 ^. Z/ y, E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% W/ V4 Q; W2 ] 10. Newspapers and journals+ V6 U& u4 m' A" h
11. Records, radio, and television- e3 S4 U p) ^5 }$ F5 z7 `
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" t8 t0 r, u8 K- n) r
1 t' N% `& ~. i/ v P0 a- b) \
Group Representations$ U' [8 a/ T* {% M2 P
13. Deputations- ^$ O) B- X" c) M7 y
14. Mock awards, `/ u! T" m% e: Y& m
15. Group lobbying
& D' i' z, \0 B6 U7 x/ l/ O4 t 16. Picketing
4 w' o, u* x$ a6 C1 j 17. Mock elections, r% ]3 K, k# v2 c4 z# k/ R
8 a4 }6 S V: ySymbolic Public Acts
+ z) W/ e- Q) Z$ J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 r: A% w# s3 }; G9 A, Q' v, ~3 ~ 19. Wearing of symbols
. L. p& n0 D. E 20. Prayer and worship8 b$ r$ O& |+ x
21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ g6 L3 u& f) g5 C 22. Protest disrobings
2 H+ U! i- q0 j8 r5 y; e 23. Destruction of own property5 V2 _- }1 y* h! t) G M& j
24. Symbolic lights
5 ~2 b( B1 J' n2 i9 s \ 25. Displays of portraits) p' I/ b9 x, b
26. Paint as protest
1 a2 L; P2 E1 r; ^* G! x, _; Y( E 27. New signs and names
Z5 w% K8 r7 i# v0 y 28. Symbolic sounds7 l$ n; u t4 a# _2 \
29. Symbolic reclamations1 H& Z) l% E7 x! Z' P' M1 j2 C
30. Rude gestures
6 F1 K/ w" T: Z2 y) I9 @1 q3 X6 a% o* D9 X W R# G
Pressures on Individuals
$ F/ k1 }: e6 _. s 31. “Haunting” officials0 `4 L9 D0 Y# W: V8 i
32. Taunting officials
, k- u$ ^2 ~/ A. n" q 33. Fraternization
/ c6 K% f) i" o1 `) e 34. Vigils$ H- R5 e- Y2 d# P% G+ d0 n6 @
. K% r- m$ c% ]( jDrama and Music( |/ w! v2 Y# i$ @
35. Humorous skits and pranks, } I; P: B' W1 R0 j( P8 l
36. Performances of plays and music- ?4 n8 x" c+ B4 D) d$ X' ?
37. Singing
! u- |7 m" O6 a2 C p
, B8 l- b$ t7 C2 @2 ~Processions
/ F* _7 A3 v/ d! J7 k( [! J9 d 38. Marches
. Q& O8 M! o$ L* i4 F 39. Parades9 }$ m7 W6 B) B9 p4 j7 p
40. Religious processions
y) C. g# A- D8 @' x% a 41. Pilgrimages
4 O% u9 x7 {7 c+ R 42. Motorcades8 ]2 L$ ^) ~& q+ _
5 @$ Q; [# G4 |9 h! U: s' _3 M( QHonoring the Dead4 O F0 K' s2 ~$ }
43. Political mourning
. o2 \* A7 u" _; }( A# T O |* i# [ 44. Mock funerals* Z* q$ M' ?6 l3 z3 f( |: b
45. Demonstrative funerals
& O. t8 m/ ~# j$ N; x* Q 46. Homage at burial places
% ~3 d! Y; p" `4 m
! p5 u+ H8 g$ [8 Q! J F+ ]3 \& kPublic Assemblies
+ B/ x. F& e2 X 47. Assemblies of protest or support
: |0 X/ o, l* }+ Q 48. Protest meetings
4 L: H! C6 J$ |4 W: X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest4 C# D, c3 E$ {0 ~" a6 H; T
50. Teach-ins
! }0 L8 X* X8 c! l3 M) U9 F
' N; Q) U1 W9 H6 Z1 `* L f2 b) KWithdrawal and Renunciation
, `& H7 ?( c$ P o0 {& X 51. Walk-outs
2 s0 g' ?# e5 z& Q J8 T: j 52. Silence
& `7 d# G; }) v8 p 53. Renouncing honors5 e0 d2 f7 j, S2 k. |
54. Turning one’s back; N) r1 A( t6 S
. G' C0 h, }5 |! a6 B8 N
7 P! u2 }" ?4 Q+ b3 ?9 U& b! v9 r$ @3 ]/ @7 ]' U
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
( W/ ?& j: [- t n
. n7 T! d$ C2 T0 a G% Y- }1 _% o % z {* J: I: ?1 u" X
2 ^$ I( ~* n$ |0 iOstracism of Persons
* q8 M- P/ M* c 55. Social boycott
+ J' K( b% E S6 A8 b 56. Selective social boycott
; M) n+ ^9 p/ b3 V 57. Lysistratic nonaction
- O% z* i. h! b1 I9 ]& h 58. Excommunication
. e# G9 B3 w4 Q6 w 59. Interdict5 M7 u- I/ I" a: ~ I9 J! m, n
3 s0 b* l0 W( `+ f6 CNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ l6 e) Q4 J! G% p* u% z& y! q2 ^
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 E4 j! m1 S9 E 61. Boycott of social affairs
* l% A* K: F2 E6 { 62. Student strike
( j" M* w* A a) ?5 |! S8 i! u& a- j 63. Social disobedience
# v$ h" a+ `" u. [& K 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) K: m D2 O; I/ |" I! Z2 x7 ~. L) s5 A2 k6 g/ h# F% N0 h
Withdrawal from the Social System
* T/ a4 Y$ O2 ]) U( |* v 65. Stay-at-home. O% A$ K5 s- V) S7 N+ z
66. Total personal noncooperation) D8 k% Y, @: k- i
67. “Flight” of workers t5 N( {9 s1 y2 }, }8 {7 j; K
68. Sanctuary( S+ Q$ j- B* Z% Z) u# g
69. Collective disappearance- l' H; p: G! H R* S. ~
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
/ d( c8 `3 O7 o7 j3 F; p }/ K/ h& }' _ ^% ^+ j
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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. g; w/ J j! V# D; N! ^ @Actions by Consumers, ~: F$ q+ R- m [
71. Consumers’ boycott N* F. n8 P( A& Q8 c& E# N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: X3 k8 {- d7 b. o4 ` 73. Policy of austerity
4 N2 C, k6 ]# ~. G* B 74. Rent withholding6 j; j5 |2 a& v6 O/ u
75. Refusal to rent
7 d7 g3 Z8 z- Z' C% h 76. National consumers’ boycott
7 P; F4 h1 j/ n/ w( E. s 77. International consumers’ boycott* ]2 F _; H7 t
B# M1 t u* K n' H9 d
Action by Workers and Producers
% I/ \6 i/ n) B3 _" U1 r2 F 78. Workmen’s boycott; N4 ?2 W6 A) W. k7 c
79. Producers’ boycott+ c/ n: {% s( |7 n9 U" D
& M1 s( |2 }. k9 I8 Q
Action by Middlemen/ z! E: v; @4 c6 ? {- [8 d- L) r8 Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! ?" U6 t: W! m! Z" A& r" }
' p! y" Y- c8 \; J! s" |
Action by Owners and Management
: }# C O1 E2 z ~) C( j* u" r 81. Traders’ boycott. t- T+ j# x9 |2 x. z7 k% ?
82. Refusal to let or sell property
- s% O. ~6 `0 f0 i( e 83. Lockout
. M1 o( m% I6 T' S+ F 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. Q+ y4 e4 \ d- j" S9 {' }( l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 @% O1 ?) A# c/ f- Z9 L% q F( P9 ~: @ I7 X# h
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ J1 S* k2 Z0 X/ T: c% I' M 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ H6 D9 C8 h. j" z! |2 X 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 O4 G6 ?" |/ s2 u/ j 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 ?% y$ T( O7 b r. s: {
89. Severance of funds and credit* K; P4 c9 R) n& b8 Z) w! ]5 Q0 G
90. Revenue refusal
1 c6 @# w4 L. t! p( L# N 91. Refusal of a government’s money
* D, U0 K) Z) w8 m6 c7 R/ o9 T' O4 l7 m% ^2 `! T& X" K
Action by Governments
( w, b- m. v; g7 I9 I 92. Domestic embargo: U% [' W7 Q) [4 o: d$ G
93. Blacklisting of traders
/ ]5 Z7 s" ]' I0 f4 m7 b1 O 94. International sellers’ embargo8 z& W6 p. p1 ~- c v0 O
95. International buyers’ embargo- t% `4 U0 B* \4 G% n0 Y- ~
96. International trade embargo1 L+ f* ^! m" B( {
" a- r8 S& P% L; V# i; ^
! H9 S% ?8 Q+ j9 |3 ^* Z) Z* j& Y$ Y& k8 { J
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
$ t+ G9 A2 g! k% x; V7 w+ M6 B3 s$ [( {5 ?
. I9 L2 c9 M5 n9 E! I: b# S9 y
Symbolic Strikes
; ?" v K( z: ]1 j* [0 T 97. Protest strike8 I! `; n5 y0 v8 {7 z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# N) c+ N* B: W' S/ k1 Q
: i* H. W9 {* u, Q' L9 H; ^Agricultural Strikes6 a* l+ e; a/ C/ k. l
99. Peasant strike+ ~, M9 x# g& b3 Z: J# S# O/ q
100. Farm Workers’ strike4 E$ `4 r& v! k0 ?
! H- d( S0 \; m# vStrikes by Special Groups7 k& o5 |: v3 ~1 ~
101. Refusal of impressed labor' b7 T) [" U3 j! {# F1 `' D5 [& ~
102. Prisoners’ strike
, m! Q$ t" Q5 w/ B; }% i 103. Craft strike
* [. D! m, `* I& u1 H 104. Professional strike w4 y7 N$ d- f* l) y
# |3 E* y9 S1 T, ^' A( POrdinary Industrial Strikes
a& ?# w+ x1 C 105. Establishment strike
5 |& q3 }1 y! i) _ 106. Industry strike) ?1 E2 R7 z( Z0 n, T) P" n
107. Sympathetic strike
: _0 }- ~& C3 W: v' I+ z$ I) [- G: L( J5 S
Restricted Strikes I6 Y8 Z" T. c
108. Detailed strike4 G4 [) n+ n4 T' U0 X9 ?
109. Bumper strike8 R7 R: r7 s0 |) d+ C
110. Slowdown strike
$ A. \0 [# l4 _ 111. Working-to-rule strike6 }4 X0 G! G' W0 y, n+ N5 g
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 ] e4 y5 q) A8 c/ r
113. Strike by resignation0 S3 i* d. E4 I
114. Limited strike
( v; {3 q+ c, [% j 115. Selective strike( ?5 P R4 `* V' x: A
3 z* q2 c) Y/ |4 E4 TMulti-Industry Strikes( P/ T X: t2 V% m
' U( Q& q. J: x9 H; I! r6 L, R- X 116. Generalized strike5 B. _! N* m2 P" \! _8 p0 B
% L, G8 J% `9 k3 J4 [
117. General strike
3 l7 G" X5 {0 u$ K+ u1 L- C6 G; D
' z/ l1 Y+ T7 Q5 hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 Q9 }# I( }% A+ {7 n( v$ y# } z6 r% R$ z: X/ E
118. Hartal+ |) k( b$ o: T7 S
9 l! T: j# b2 w# E
119. Economic shutdown
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; i/ ~5 r1 g' Z6 b: ]5 ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION2 e8 z0 W) a6 U( B
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Rejection of Authority
4 e( l9 t' {- e 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 z* p( F" _6 C
121. Refusal of public support3 _% X5 E( ]) {9 F* [! [
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 Y6 v/ J9 Q! ~; i! U
7 H+ \2 C) o" J7 V9 j8 A
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 H. s: ]* Z, B# u6 w" U8 ^: G
123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 d% Z% v$ ]( x7 T+ H5 A
124. Boycott of elections( o7 G4 u- l. P6 [3 x, R0 a
125. Boycott of government employment and positions* v% {/ }3 \% u* ~: j( {3 V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, |6 g- e& {) |) x$ O* g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 s! k" k- \6 h3 P' P/ m8 Q( u. w
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- d6 i0 A/ V, F! [; H K
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" O3 I. C. ^4 p0 Y! z2 Y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ i$ @; i6 [2 c" @. Q0 k 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ C8 z' w, S8 ]+ q( h9 e 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! ]9 h8 a4 a, Y* f" b0 X& d
* m, o) C6 Z/ v) @1 I
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, ]9 o) O. b, p Q! b8 B
133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ {+ T$ a |/ W4 U) _* Z* U: f& m
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- Y; o7 Y1 W# f. D+ y* G0 l; N0 @
135. Popular nonobedience; v' h- n& R. L S' Z7 X
136. Disguised disobedience( |* a ]' ?7 l
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ Z/ a& a) P2 R, W0 c$ P
138. Sitdown
9 M* ^8 s! }5 @0 { 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 s f4 w& m' C
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) X7 e7 ^9 I/ O* Y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ e, ]/ _8 Y# t, E! A" l4 b
& C# F' H& Y: @8 hAction by Government Personnel
+ e( @. f: S! z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) E/ L# J$ ^7 E- m0 P2 r
143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 L6 b& s2 m+ d( B, H
144. Stalling and obstruction# | S" ?: M' s2 s
145. General administrative noncooperation9 o8 Z. G2 H8 L+ U! B2 g
; }6 @* F4 G% G, u$ O& E9 u 146. Judicial noncooperation1 }- K& n' z# i; c; S
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& t. \ D/ c% ?* q( e5 X2 O E 148. Mutiny
! H% _. s7 t8 e- Y4 @! M% G' u& ]Domestic Governmental Action8 E$ l( t2 _) t4 ]1 m8 b+ ]& J- l p
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' X. l& E) _ Q; ^ M4 b
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& s8 f5 |: Z! b' L
1 s) I$ d% z( G* Z# H* c8 f( \5 nInternational Governmental Action
, v! U# k; s8 s 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ q3 e+ ?# @" d5 w4 J
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
n$ l( f4 ~4 r$ i& ^) A6 k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* u& }# ?7 b& A, P: G' W7 T
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" |8 }3 P! q* A- s0 M* a' U+ I 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- x4 o! \, G1 p+ D+ e: ?$ w 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% W) U6 b0 B4 O) V3 q# h6 u( p
157. Expulsion from international organizations
' U6 r' Y% |: X6 w4 j0 u' q$ Q7 e/ K$ J' S
3 p7 n6 |; J" L. a2 e
% ^& s! S+ j/ Q0 _% q8 k fTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# R8 \- @" r' s; d1 _* }2 p3 Q/ W' Y
+ D& `8 x1 n) U 8 u4 q5 ?+ I3 s' N
Psychological Intervention; d ]6 }0 e3 I# ^' Z: ?9 I
158. Self-exposure to the elements" P5 W4 B( L- v
159. The fast
! D! z: B" k c+ F a) Fast of moral pressure
- V' s6 t* a1 |& q- q6 D+ w2 F b) Hunger strike
8 R. |* Y% j8 H5 f9 h c) Satyagrahic fast$ o; F* v6 i3 \
160. Reverse trial
, Y& ^5 }8 T: F" Y1 |/ c 161. Nonviolent harassment
% j1 a2 D% }9 L' U/ d
4 V2 P) \7 Y: _0 A4 g( b% l' g$ P9 x9 NPhysical Intervention
% G1 T" U+ w- B7 I. r1 k3 L- U 162. Sit-in
4 ~% `& N* a( [3 c! U! i! D 163. Stand-in6 |9 w+ m# P" u, ]
164. Ride-in
9 `2 V$ V% g! z9 n9 \ 165. Wade-in! w) F2 d% _) R
166. Mill-in+ F0 h& ?2 v* D
167. Pray-in+ e* A1 C$ G; X$ {" _. k( Z' o* h
168. Nonviolent raids+ o! B& i" v4 s$ O
169. Nonviolent air raids4 R# }; K' Y5 ~$ J
170. Nonviolent invasion, E4 n9 ^# E$ J1 w
171. Nonviolent interjection
) ?9 [& B- n1 b" @ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 V& @/ Z6 Y& w& ` 173. Nonviolent occupation3 x. d9 I5 C% ?8 M7 p( S. T
! B: o2 `' D2 R: pSocial Intervention/ V+ ` C2 c( f3 y) O
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 y, s5 r7 B( ?6 o 175. Overloading of facilities
( Y; `4 w! J( m 176. Stall-in
( U7 k( ?& a8 B! N 177. Speak-in: g1 n# B: l2 T+ b6 s) I* w
178. Guerrilla theater$ R' W( R& G% x4 t$ |" _. `$ @& n" A% W" u
179. Alternative social institutions Z5 w& [- d! o
180. Alternative communication system
7 X3 i# Q7 g2 n' g* O! B! Z7 ^7 H/ ?
Economic Intervention0 D4 `$ _8 G6 k! K+ o) x: n
181. Reverse strike% b6 S/ j* T* U( H. H/ p
182. Stay-in strike
" l) `- x: l* S 183. Nonviolent land seizure
# r0 X4 `4 e) s* K1 v" m6 k! T 184. Defiance of blockades
4 T/ {% c! @4 o* B7 P+ v S. s. `' M 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 H/ v$ t) I9 h, q2 S9 ] 186. Preclusive purchasing
" ]: W+ k7 l% d* { 187. Seizure of assets
' v* x5 L% K: U- S# \ 188. Dumping
' l, |2 R, c8 X 189. Selective patronage) {! b% I* K, o: |5 N( `+ W$ p' _" ^
190. Alternative markets5 L( Q8 [% c, ~ U& D# ?2 {- r
191. Alternative transportation systems
0 B6 L9 T" g" e* N# M 192. Alternative economic institutions
1 e( b! [- I. E( ]1 L
& i; P0 l# S' q7 g; k$ k1 W) YPolitical Intervention
/ w- y' b' B$ I0 v% z7 S 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- g- A6 l) i- B! r. F5 q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 m B; r5 F1 g; G 195. Seeking imprisonment/ R% j, q" E3 k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
+ d3 {/ E4 R2 Y1 G" m& V 197. Work-on without collaboration
$ z4 K+ ], L" M M& ~& I: W: A 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 @3 t( h9 X% k+ ^+ f$ I
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
