 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& n$ S% O; i9 {# ]; I. i2 a; c
Formal Statements
1 S' P8 n. ]& u 1. Public Speeches% ]( A1 x, G7 J) u p/ m
2. Letters of opposition or support1 M2 o7 t8 x( F- ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 Z& v! I8 ~9 q. Y 4. Signed public statements/ s* N9 E) Y+ E8 e+ w3 o6 w( P6 [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention8 i, L }) _4 z8 X) A: ~ Y2 S% d7 ]
6. Group or mass petitions1 d2 C' E- z& m& I2 ^& P7 v
2 N9 F$ ?, t8 r- s0 g) U% e. m
Communications with a Wider Audience# `/ u8 E) U4 u8 x1 k4 L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 r ^2 Y7 l5 c% q+ G A/ ?, G+ _
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 X" S- D7 O& T$ S( T& ~ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( L$ h9 n9 L" l8 y0 X+ O4 }
10. Newspapers and journals
# l" i5 l; z" x7 ^; |3 P 11. Records, radio, and television" N9 b- P p. l7 T3 V* @
12. Skywriting and earthwriting! M# u. y' F: z- S2 m! v5 C
+ ^" m& h/ C# s v$ m: X% uGroup Representations
/ K& G2 h8 B0 L% U4 Q3 T& r* S 13. Deputations
. u+ h4 f0 L8 S; b) P7 M8 C 14. Mock awards
7 H( p1 h7 x3 k) T( T |: ~3 I 15. Group lobbying
# U' e, |8 O& x- o7 F& ? 16. Picketing2 U2 [8 Z- G2 D3 [. J( F
17. Mock elections
$ R- `0 x! \) h. v
! J% s( ]/ i3 V6 c& x% YSymbolic Public Acts
6 C; [% o$ K. D% A+ O8 E 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& ^& b* U0 M: k e' Q# x) O3 X
19. Wearing of symbols& r" g4 K7 C' d
20. Prayer and worship% `5 A8 n+ I* q. q4 H$ q$ a* q
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 m) x7 k" G/ ~& C7 {2 T* \
22. Protest disrobings, R. \- x, M7 b6 s6 [
23. Destruction of own property
- h' p/ \! S2 m. P& H 24. Symbolic lights
9 ]) m' T x* T0 t9 n( w 25. Displays of portraits
2 X. |9 l* W; k5 { 26. Paint as protest
- o+ f9 n; R. R7 u/ o, |5 V" A# c8 D 27. New signs and names
! o' l& }# w7 l4 \% d7 I 28. Symbolic sounds0 u% f5 z( Q9 Z; Z
29. Symbolic reclamations. }8 W# X$ f' k, c. z. O
30. Rude gestures) t7 Z y! A# B& A% Y5 Z$ l; O
; I* F9 y1 k/ F# x8 _2 ]% ]Pressures on Individuals
. R- z D: ]. ]6 N+ { L+ z7 g7 k/ {& x% P 31. “Haunting” officials& C. Y3 n. x5 x6 p0 I3 _* l
32. Taunting officials- |, I- V. p$ m! @: K$ L0 S9 u
33. Fraternization. Q/ I- o+ s: q* r0 j+ l8 N; D
34. Vigils3 @- S( b0 R6 n
: z6 Y3 R! U% wDrama and Music: k9 Q5 x1 U M/ x* ?; g2 l1 {
35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 I7 s/ l1 e# Y& ]- I9 T) X 36. Performances of plays and music
7 [, n, M9 G# W0 _ 37. Singing& h* F* s, O8 E. p& Q
. Q. Z `* e! H, P+ b' u
Processions
, g3 \& S3 b0 x7 k3 E) Y5 {% J& ? 38. Marches
7 b' w2 T: j3 A" f6 V 39. Parades
" r0 w Y }- v; S$ m& v 40. Religious processions
; c# k: [3 e# Y, W* o3 Q 41. Pilgrimages8 M. O: w5 X: B
42. Motorcades* b6 D+ Z. j7 ?7 ^. J0 T
% F1 x0 b7 n+ f, }Honoring the Dead
7 R4 \! Q! P/ }4 @2 D* ^5 `6 L 43. Political mourning3 a+ d( M1 }; C3 Q9 ~4 w* I3 \% u: Q
44. Mock funerals
) A P/ \; \8 b; F+ { 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 `7 w3 L. {8 h 46. Homage at burial places
8 _& k6 y+ `' G8 H, h# W% ^
9 B: {7 P1 a- S) kPublic Assemblies- ~! _7 S% M& t( N0 j/ p
47. Assemblies of protest or support9 Q# G- F* r' E/ c. m, _
48. Protest meetings! K8 J' [8 J0 F6 y0 _+ s
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; u d: h3 j% J# n3 `6 o
50. Teach-ins
* X/ Y& ?. H+ d) Q) e$ N; r( d5 l& t" ~' N- n/ {
Withdrawal and Renunciation1 P& A% k) x! Z+ ]- I. P
51. Walk-outs9 g9 @. a0 `# ~+ ] c" Y
52. Silence
" a+ q/ [ [. c; |4 h$ Y- s 53. Renouncing honors! G8 f6 q# N$ P* A, }4 y
54. Turning one’s back
0 M" b. e# \4 ?4 A( U @4 j: I8 B
/ Z7 x" V3 J* T# V3 a- y 8 k8 m0 t0 M& J% \* d F
3 u @# ~" E9 X* D: p1 ~6 G3 d/ E
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' m' f& r% O, B
: \; W0 ?, V. w2 n! s
/ G2 l% A$ _9 ?
; D' v- [+ p1 o! q6 y3 DOstracism of Persons8 M& ]. r8 T, |7 v4 r
55. Social boycott
8 f# p0 M* d# v Y6 U. m- `0 @ 56. Selective social boycott% O" m3 Y+ c+ G5 e$ f0 _
57. Lysistratic nonaction( v L1 ~ s+ S5 m7 y1 t( z; _
58. Excommunication
8 t' K' n% v: h* A5 n' c7 Z. }7 B 59. Interdict) Z- p9 p& A* o
3 s$ V/ c& E% i* X) o0 b
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 F1 R2 j& z7 K3 ]# D
60. Suspension of social and sports activities, s; O) h% G0 f' O; q
61. Boycott of social affairs4 |, E& J V* w9 A) g
62. Student strike
/ e" U/ ~+ R( P' Z1 T1 ^! i; b+ t 63. Social disobedience
0 D% ~- w" e, G- p2 n0 h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 e) G5 c" s- B& T( O3 z, I) c; Q- _
) p9 v- {/ e7 o
Withdrawal from the Social System
+ C' ^" L7 E* v8 P 65. Stay-at-home' `% ]+ o7 c. J& X0 W
66. Total personal noncooperation
8 Z7 z: i6 n# `" }' w& h6 a- R) Z9 _ 67. “Flight” of workers# i1 H4 p6 j; q2 \' w7 W$ z; f
68. Sanctuary0 h3 N9 Y `% j
69. Collective disappearance7 r) Y+ u* m( p6 I/ Y0 \
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
* l; h' ]: W) u n
6 M; S, J: g; q# {; ] # E* b) J1 j+ q Y
d* t8 k8 k, xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! {. M. a) P" v" m' r3 @/ x
& _4 Z7 d Q: Q& a8 v' O
* Y e, B# E) v8 N
Actions by Consumers5 o6 `2 B% ~5 K% d$ E# }
71. Consumers’ boycott, \, M* a" P; m3 Z
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: |* l a [/ u' C& w, e# ?
73. Policy of austerity
9 ]" s/ Q `1 R3 H5 [. I 74. Rent withholding2 } Z# v! r( z4 d) L9 T t' U; `& z$ b
75. Refusal to rent: x7 r4 _/ }$ j
76. National consumers’ boycott& R# m4 `! `8 C2 C# ~: G5 a' r
77. International consumers’ boycott/ j! L" h8 h/ }7 H( k; V
/ x2 Q e3 P1 U: t, zAction by Workers and Producers s6 I: n+ o ?" W5 p3 P5 j2 N
78. Workmen’s boycott2 v, Z* G3 M6 m3 ?: J; L
79. Producers’ boycott
! F1 s" m1 ~! F. @3 W" r0 S# Q; w. |. q
Action by Middlemen2 L( x( ~3 i9 w2 G+ m3 v
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 s6 e1 x* o) d2 G# s; e# O: D, P
4 w6 k0 m6 ~9 H& `4 Z7 tAction by Owners and Management
; h$ D+ S9 k% }- ? 81. Traders’ boycott2 L- P* w. E" `% c$ Z
82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 U! x+ X8 r0 ]* \1 B j9 l 83. Lockout
! C u% n/ Z/ U; @. X 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 L8 F4 a# ^/ y# c7 A# I7 D* E 85. Merchants’ “general strike”# q% E- [9 y8 `! E; s) I% G, x
, e0 G1 M" w; [4 [4 J
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 M+ m" n* O0 b/ }
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
P3 E1 Z/ V) ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 T( x' R- X) e4 B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 E/ N7 _ p2 x! | u7 J+ [
89. Severance of funds and credit
; ?- c @1 H/ D! J% T2 ? 90. Revenue refusal
( ~2 i; s3 L- S% o3 d 91. Refusal of a government’s money
" l7 r1 c4 H! i e. h7 {+ f% L& J8 x# }1 O4 V
Action by Governments
) ?$ |' G7 }4 c! Z/ T @ 92. Domestic embargo" r& I4 v# {6 b8 [: l% c# H8 {
93. Blacklisting of traders: S- Y% V* s( W% ^* T4 E+ F
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ ~) |% ]( x+ Y6 C, ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo/ O& g$ l# u7 ^4 D4 K. r j
96. International trade embargo
F. K! F' b/ c* J8 D7 T1 a: `+ o% B& l6 W/ f% r
% W% m) S0 H5 S f6 b: e
9 [6 T8 j5 s0 y4 D+ tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; ~* z" `; V4 l% h3 }
' H* {3 \- i, r# \; \ 6 u$ P$ ? Z' {$ A3 `' {. [( c. V
Symbolic Strikes5 L# N& t4 u8 D* B! S8 [
97. Protest strike
& a5 d6 k1 ^4 P 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. F3 Y/ y% n5 H: T8 ~9 W8 d( {- o2 B( `
Agricultural Strikes! E$ w3 w- g+ z
99. Peasant strike5 i. x7 D! e5 f% M' e m
100. Farm Workers’ strike. S6 `; r- t% c" D
, }2 a/ t- \5 N# r& s! @) ZStrikes by Special Groups8 d/ s7 w6 e" k0 u' w
101. Refusal of impressed labor% v$ i) X; N) T
102. Prisoners’ strike
& H {4 k) V/ V" J 103. Craft strike
+ a9 ?! X+ |: ? 104. Professional strike" y Z" f( d0 A( V S
' t8 y- I2 F+ N3 M6 _" UOrdinary Industrial Strikes, ?! E2 c" F+ h1 @
105. Establishment strike/ K& O. S5 I! J# G2 r8 H9 \2 j' {' Z
106. Industry strike
/ u8 l% r# m' y' y' D2 a# I+ a* f 107. Sympathetic strike
& c' J! v8 O1 C4 }3 ]6 M# t- u* e( i
Restricted Strikes& N) S8 o% @5 `8 p+ o
108. Detailed strike0 o8 {: w! w1 L9 T6 i5 l0 V- ?# ^: W
109. Bumper strike
' \6 q* _0 z; N5 L 110. Slowdown strike5 i# J/ S% G& G' T" C! o
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ A1 R3 R( S1 {. g: Y. ]. ^( T 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 ?: X# {1 y& [$ ^6 W' a a6 y 113. Strike by resignation) O6 _; G7 I$ Q1 b2 y1 y% ], D
114. Limited strike
% o3 [- r1 ^6 w9 i- } 115. Selective strike/ ~6 n3 y4 Z$ Q
* N8 H! G( G5 D0 RMulti-Industry Strikes
; Z. t# q* I9 D2 U+ u! A6 A L* c, q! w. n0 [
116. Generalized strike3 e; [: l% P1 F1 ?* I& j! t
. W" V5 J* X1 o' ^/ b s
117. General strike
2 p9 q" j- w; @3 I |/ r9 {- ]; r+ N- c( t
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures& x! f" I5 r% a s- e5 }3 }
* X1 d) M& L6 t) p 118. Hartal' S( t3 @. d1 {% J, G9 E z2 i
7 c' P" S7 T! [$ j* `) _ 119. Economic shutdown2 ?: F! h! [/ V4 @2 w
. A5 m9 P* U! ?6 f
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) b4 ?3 z. Z* V$ ]THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 S. R# ^0 y; F/ V. J
9 c" y% J% e; K6 y9 d
; M+ L: h- b$ V0 g# `Rejection of Authority& F) j& ^# B- P+ b
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 e4 @# C9 r" }$ n" J
121. Refusal of public support1 \/ U) {4 p4 {0 w; L( |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 { R9 w8 ^0 e
- }8 l! X5 {# ^: |Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government' T$ ^1 P' s$ C6 Z2 `. V
123. Boycott of legislative bodies! Y, m3 P, D* K4 m( h
124. Boycott of elections
* f$ H. S* u1 ?" N# B, q, C. P 125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 j# ~4 q+ q+ g+ t* U" V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ a& K; [8 P, Y+ m% V6 T- a: k: N$ D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) X2 k* \0 @$ C5 c" v- C 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* l }0 r) q( N7 [# n0 c 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: Q( f' n. I; |" S" O 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 I, Y' k3 ?. z2 Y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; m0 v2 Z6 c. {8 |# F& ^, k8 J6 o
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 y0 A- r$ n/ [) n' C
$ t8 w3 H7 F1 b: v% nCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& n- `8 f+ J) Y7 f
133. Reluctant and slow compliance. M& m5 b4 V) Y7 b& N
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" d, r0 x& r$ }. m7 Y/ i 135. Popular nonobedience
$ r% Y0 b. O* N, M+ Y* F 136. Disguised disobedience+ Y8 ~ A# u" ~2 q0 W: u: g9 |
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 L" z- s6 D! s0 z( n; f9 C
138. Sitdown
Q+ U+ J& }. p/ A$ q' p g+ k) z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 f5 v5 p0 `7 K1 t( R$ o0 J
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; D) P3 u* x5 r u 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 g/ A. t/ B- R2 G3 M
, M& _7 J$ c" `Action by Government Personnel: d0 z' I: L8 G
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides N5 G0 P9 _) A" z3 o
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( @4 ?3 f+ D) i( ` 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 ?+ R3 _$ z, N2 H7 q% { 145. General administrative noncooperation
* I w' S* Y/ r8 Q4 I, \ y" d) } i! e& O4 L( W
146. Judicial noncooperation& a# W' n- g7 H; m
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& \* y$ D2 E+ G9 ^7 l s0 c 148. Mutiny
: ~9 G$ o. m: \: s; YDomestic Governmental Action0 G2 j' E5 R2 t! |; j
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 c, j/ ]9 |3 S0 w
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 H0 p3 L" l" o+ M7 d# b2 `
. R3 ^9 b1 i7 o. r% v5 @; r' x
International Governmental Action2 U9 [, l3 u: ?' s
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 A" {* M1 o/ o% g5 N5 P5 m, P; k/ D
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. Q7 g. C5 P6 V' `9 z7 T) M2 ~
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; D) B7 g% e0 z5 v
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- E7 \$ `. P( j; {/ f1 q" G ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations! H0 j# \0 o6 y
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& d$ a" w' Q Y+ W1 H
157. Expulsion from international organizations
# _; C* y Y ?
1 e) o7 y" }- |. {3 H
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% J8 K# i% A1 u. B' _) PTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* p+ r1 B. s: _) C4 b" `! Z: x
, A8 \/ D6 `* x" ?! [3 S( d5 V
|4 Z3 S. n; Y) d7 R' k& VPsychological Intervention
, G O% K4 H) c r, @* W$ M+ p 158. Self-exposure to the elements1 Q( D* K6 a) `( w- }3 ~/ x/ c
159. The fast
3 P& I( g& T0 g4 o. x a) Fast of moral pressure
4 @/ g- }* I7 _. x b) Hunger strike- q5 M9 I, \9 U1 x( [* X
c) Satyagrahic fast% V" V# D4 G8 P8 ~' C
160. Reverse trial
2 r/ R! K1 s$ P( x+ G 161. Nonviolent harassment9 E! Y: H1 `( x1 I
8 `! v. {! P* A; E0 Z; v3 {
Physical Intervention
! A0 m1 u r: L2 `" s2 ^& P3 D 162. Sit-in3 p0 I& G' e' h, N% H; ~
163. Stand-in
' @# B7 m0 v% F' M4 T3 g% k' V" \ 164. Ride-in. P( Z3 q- D3 S6 T- X, I) B+ y
165. Wade-in! p# K, T$ i1 i( d4 ^# M8 f
166. Mill-in! h3 J7 S, I( G$ q W
167. Pray-in1 W5 l; \4 I6 z: n9 D* |
168. Nonviolent raids1 C& {; E( i+ M k! b& J6 e6 Y
169. Nonviolent air raids
& h3 w2 c/ H3 X: H( q: n- G 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ {4 `% G2 u& v/ m/ D8 `( Y, h 171. Nonviolent interjection7 U! ]0 R' k2 I. ^0 d
172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 ^0 E/ `, n# V" J( g1 L 173. Nonviolent occupation. m4 p, m t1 \ F0 H
8 ]9 T- L2 N* X0 V) U) A4 n: l T, x
Social Intervention- H3 h3 h* s( v) @ i2 M
174. Establishing new social patterns7 s/ f& [* a4 i0 |
175. Overloading of facilities
& A- k1 Z$ L5 f' O7 L; W% \" Z- W 176. Stall-in
# S8 ]0 X3 S; T( M- A: V5 ]) @" } 177. Speak-in5 [& `% l) ?" K/ I6 u8 m- p
178. Guerrilla theater
& l9 ?& H4 k+ h% P9 c 179. Alternative social institutions- q7 p- M: v1 d+ H0 c
180. Alternative communication system! x0 e' f5 i9 X+ e$ n
7 U; Q& \3 W8 @! ]; r
Economic Intervention
+ r' l" K; k+ K* r! L+ F 181. Reverse strike$ s" E! `1 g t
182. Stay-in strike
! h1 J9 W, `( U3 A; y; k2 ] 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ L/ E2 R/ Z6 r! f% q+ b
184. Defiance of blockades
/ L% r1 Q7 t3 Z2 h; W 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
c5 r* n8 d0 C& i, R# X( c 186. Preclusive purchasing
& Q5 {+ t4 Q% |5 c0 ~) F2 e 187. Seizure of assets
$ S! g0 W+ v) Z7 m 188. Dumping) Y, j4 k; t8 a6 R2 c6 I- Z
189. Selective patronage: ?) E: U( V( v( d# C4 n! f
190. Alternative markets
0 T% \1 c5 G7 M) }, b! i; F h 191. Alternative transportation systems; n7 } z2 y! \
192. Alternative economic institutions" r6 }# F# d; {" I
6 }" w$ U# v! z" W6 q% iPolitical Intervention7 {' e/ r' Y: i) ]" z! ?
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 D5 t" C6 X7 r% g+ F7 o
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. a7 T" o5 T# u$ ~) k- O. r
195. Seeking imprisonment
# I6 ~( f4 O) x 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& e& ~1 N, Y# W3 E 197. Work-on without collaboration
+ v/ _5 v, P' @/ p 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
