 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ L* Q( X( F$ d+ L- r! w
Formal Statements6 p3 @% e u; z3 ? a: D" q- ^
1. Public Speeches
6 @, X; }! b( A4 g% h# l* k% E 2. Letters of opposition or support: P4 C- h; @3 M; I% ~% U
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; P3 }- @: g8 x. L& _/ B 4. Signed public statements
& e( O2 [: }% U- J3 V 5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ @1 U* [7 \8 h/ L
6. Group or mass petitions4 _0 I: {/ l: Z% d
8 B2 E- { Y% E! r! K8 D9 z2 K( Y3 z
Communications with a Wider Audience9 T+ I9 K; o3 n& T$ m6 `) P
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols& T; z# u0 M3 g% {
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& h* [% j) ]$ L" @3 L% y' | 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 ]# W( O$ U# n* a) f( x' g 10. Newspapers and journals
# m' S4 C4 R8 e9 R9 G 11. Records, radio, and television
3 C4 Z0 F, S1 M$ J% d0 R% c' x 12. Skywriting and earthwriting, b& n0 ?. E8 h: }
/ f8 d% ?/ `# K! O2 eGroup Representations
/ F$ H; O8 [+ I& e( o) S 13. Deputations
7 ?, i* ~" C g: v; \3 I3 t, S 14. Mock awards
1 B0 z, p$ h. e& [2 y( u0 H, n 15. Group lobbying! h d! {3 X3 A# [- G; ?6 ?! Q
16. Picketing
5 g. }2 ~$ v& E4 m2 { 17. Mock elections/ I2 o/ v/ S6 N
+ M, t& U. o& y' m8 k' HSymbolic Public Acts- t, Z% D+ o A
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors \% a. T, h$ V, m" g& ^
19. Wearing of symbols2 G$ n2 u' R2 j* ]
20. Prayer and worship
/ s+ c. ?3 H/ G1 ~2 R) z0 D, M8 O 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 k# V- F. Z8 F$ G9 c7 B- g 22. Protest disrobings
$ |7 p. _( x6 u+ Q2 y/ ` 23. Destruction of own property( [- W7 ~2 C) {: F% [! i
24. Symbolic lights( ]$ t* u9 B7 v( H5 m8 L# i- F% ~+ h
25. Displays of portraits
; q0 ] B" }; n& h3 L 26. Paint as protest: u8 k& W% V* e# Y
27. New signs and names4 Y9 ]" K- H7 e. G' \: C2 W
28. Symbolic sounds
9 U1 S( G& e5 b' X% N8 D 29. Symbolic reclamations
: \9 o4 b. S" F1 m' |, D1 i# c 30. Rude gestures3 s! a% W8 R( d5 f
5 {1 I+ F2 d4 m# L6 u: uPressures on Individuals
. g8 a$ Q# I6 O' U 31. “Haunting” officials- U* D# E/ h! g9 {! }1 ^( [% c
32. Taunting officials
0 ^1 `0 ?' A e" \5 \ 33. Fraternization2 \3 O7 l% s! x7 Y
34. Vigils" m% V) p& Y1 \! Z
4 `7 O6 d+ W, i- Z( o S0 vDrama and Music
$ S, L- W2 k0 G8 {/ V 35. Humorous skits and pranks+ x9 A7 r% D* s& x- z T
36. Performances of plays and music
" H3 p/ v6 P0 a r4 f 37. Singing
+ d2 y3 M- j, e8 w' T$ H* j8 A4 l$ c( Z1 ^9 _
Processions
( O4 {5 B Z3 L f: d# k. b- p 38. Marches
4 L& N Y/ s4 W t8 C3 r5 D8 u 39. Parades
* y9 f5 F: g; \$ l 40. Religious processions
+ a9 Z2 X6 Q# Q" W. Q' `0 B 41. Pilgrimages1 V8 d3 Z- b( G3 D
42. Motorcades
1 F7 n8 { E7 s3 K! i5 k4 \* B% c- I v. ]8 i, p
Honoring the Dead) N/ ]. }) S8 m$ x* B' Z+ q
43. Political mourning
5 `+ W+ g& S: }3 f2 Q) _ 44. Mock funerals
" V2 M7 A# H; t& }# J% w 45. Demonstrative funerals1 c& l5 N5 G9 e, W& T+ r
46. Homage at burial places' r* R& _2 t! ]2 I
/ H7 K8 B" W$ `. c- ~Public Assemblies/ n& c4 I1 G' [# d: J
47. Assemblies of protest or support$ z; i8 t% l, ?
48. Protest meetings
[3 a% q5 ^0 h 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 d/ Y9 h/ Z+ k- D" h
50. Teach-ins
7 f! o( |$ J- h
1 s* E9 A% A3 @. I" ?5 D1 r9 \Withdrawal and Renunciation
6 {7 T; h! `1 ]2 H 51. Walk-outs
% V0 [% c; M0 X, w: M4 u 52. Silence, @2 _$ u. Q" m1 e. z9 H
53. Renouncing honors
4 G; |7 s4 I- a0 Z 54. Turning one’s back
8 K" e) `; ?( u" p! z6 F5 W' J6 ^5 |8 B6 X/ i7 v+ M! O
9 X; r v( d8 u6 ]" N' m$ O* W
/ Q+ Y# l* R$ ] n6 }) B* f
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# w: ^- i" n2 Z- Y! ]. B
c! i" P+ l# T
4 W& d' v. I, Y1 R" u. f9 [3 C/ e) @; M$ C/ {" D1 b# b8 _+ j$ o8 f0 _
Ostracism of Persons" V: w9 k2 p# o$ h( \3 A9 v
55. Social boycott
2 H" W' \8 R( w0 C7 j 56. Selective social boycott
8 Z4 x& m' R8 |( s. X3 w 57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 b6 u! f* f% e( H8 a; t 58. Excommunication
$ m& O9 [1 U' n& K; U7 G# \# e 59. Interdict" n" c# S6 _( h& @# U' S5 p3 l
: y/ P. \4 Y$ X9 V$ p; {$ s7 Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& i2 W# B- ~0 I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities* V& G3 h6 @- g1 q$ z: }
61. Boycott of social affairs
/ n$ \9 @- ]7 r: [2 K 62. Student strike
1 R! O% g" G& s; E- Q2 ~ 63. Social disobedience' y, d0 i3 j9 x. G* {5 z/ Q; m
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) I) l! O8 A, Y) |1 W ?/ q! Y) M" n8 b; f' I
Withdrawal from the Social System8 _. Q/ \ W6 Y
65. Stay-at-home
" }- y. L7 g5 H6 Q$ u: n& {4 s 66. Total personal noncooperation
$ V) |* o8 m7 g4 a- j 67. “Flight” of workers
5 B3 F7 @5 Y0 _6 N 68. Sanctuary4 P. Y! @( M, y. V3 }
69. Collective disappearance ^% H9 v, k. S. j* S x
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 a+ ~& B3 i. ~
0 ?. C( Q2 B: E: M7 q
* s7 q) @' I9 b9 o) _3 R9 q L/ F; o; z. J/ f* c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
% B6 H! l; u* \) ]. h5 j( o
1 f+ A) `; d( s9 k 5 ~+ o+ E1 L3 \
Actions by Consumers/ ~1 O0 Y8 `' Z; G
71. Consumers’ boycott
7 U: q2 { q1 S+ e3 A. i 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
2 I) J. O, w! c5 Z' A' f 73. Policy of austerity$ m+ I( ?3 X; V9 ]$ ~+ p/ Z% y: f, }
74. Rent withholding* n# Q: s/ C7 c5 ^: c# T2 e
75. Refusal to rent
+ ^2 _0 B7 i r& j+ \: K 76. National consumers’ boycott
; b( M# r+ V; y+ E+ \ j 77. International consumers’ boycott4 v- `* Q9 X; z
+ v" b9 Z& t; |
Action by Workers and Producers
: {% B' |4 l& L# V" M5 R 78. Workmen’s boycott& _. ]; o1 S* o/ O
79. Producers’ boycott
# X2 Q. ?6 C: B* I
, N( J2 q- n: `9 zAction by Middlemen: S4 E+ O& b- R
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* f, D& Q4 h) A- O% ?
8 u1 `6 i5 Z) L. t6 ZAction by Owners and Management0 \1 I2 i0 ~) v. N1 O/ ?! @3 m' b
81. Traders’ boycott7 w1 X: H1 L' E, h6 x1 G) f
82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 {2 I% i. {& e5 @9 [8 c 83. Lockout' g n" b" x9 I% C* O
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, ] ^5 V' N! D* z, ?# T
85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 C" V! F* J) M- w
0 v! P7 w" }, C4 K/ }Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 J* A: n3 w: R0 _
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ T2 H* T; D" G: N% d% _: D 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 \$ c# k; [, ^( H) _2 O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: N9 `, P7 K$ Q. f: ^ 89. Severance of funds and credit
. ~9 G( H; o D7 ~7 a* J 90. Revenue refusal
1 s! ^3 G7 c, C& j' w. W' O 91. Refusal of a government’s money+ }) ]7 S- @4 y
' i7 Z- y P1 ^# `7 K
Action by Governments5 a6 l2 Z( {' k; c3 ?$ M
92. Domestic embargo3 A; o% S' k2 K/ Z1 ^- M6 w
93. Blacklisting of traders; R) p0 |# J7 W3 ]
94. International sellers’ embargo) G+ q# A, [7 O6 P$ v
95. International buyers’ embargo& i8 S. ?4 W( q- [; N8 Z
96. International trade embargo
3 O9 Y" p D( ?0 U4 J0 s& A% f$ E/ ?! c7 t Q9 }
: t+ O9 w. R1 V2 T' Z* d& C
, D% {- m; G0 ^9 zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 M2 e4 l. {3 J4 F
8 b4 f% f4 D+ S% \
/ }! G( [1 V. L8 A! g/ oSymbolic Strikes0 b& J. [6 S# X$ D9 n1 b
97. Protest strike
+ H0 h5 E2 i, f' s/ s' ? 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: p5 w7 _# `1 d8 e' y# O7 b! k7 m: a: J5 u
Agricultural Strikes! S2 k+ _( ^4 V5 D, `$ T1 g
99. Peasant strike6 |/ I E7 i! u1 M: K. Y1 V2 @7 D
100. Farm Workers’ strike
' d9 ^; y" W: {/ @: A8 X9 h' F ]) @+ {& l- n
Strikes by Special Groups
' q! o q7 h. m, Y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ X, R1 |# s: [2 R1 y" ` 102. Prisoners’ strike
, \1 ?. f+ v, H! A. u( @; n 103. Craft strike. X9 r% j4 R( e1 {: s n
104. Professional strike
. T4 w( j5 ~$ G" M6 ~
8 F3 r, {: z3 r0 s+ ~6 POrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ L5 I+ ` h4 L* g- v 105. Establishment strike
8 C0 d# s) }. P3 B/ H 106. Industry strike
7 k* N9 ~% \8 v1 B- _: I 107. Sympathetic strike: y L3 t, d: ~! k, R
) J$ ?0 l2 C |2 j$ kRestricted Strikes+ d4 N) k2 S! k5 H
108. Detailed strike
: J2 B6 N2 ^/ g( y! p% p8 t 109. Bumper strike
% L Y" l. S' d1 [3 r 110. Slowdown strike, R3 B" \6 H) U
111. Working-to-rule strike
* |. ?8 N8 A" ] 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 H$ J4 ]) a: u; X. j( `6 a @ 113. Strike by resignation _' m9 _5 j% l
114. Limited strike- K6 p- U$ m6 s* ^7 P) f
115. Selective strike
7 S- w; D( [1 {9 t/ G; s
: V* ^+ Z5 O- J+ r& VMulti-Industry Strikes, A8 }1 S4 P* p u6 ?
, r0 j0 F3 @3 f" h2 t; I- Q/ c" D! @
116. Generalized strike$ \7 m& T. r% u4 A# o! G
$ ^% V5 B& P; V0 k+ y 117. General strike
7 Q" |7 k7 L6 r1 y; y. `( p2 E4 n$ }$ Q) T1 f) b$ h2 e
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- \+ k" c- x) d q
1 G! o0 L+ B Q, Q5 b9 x9 W
118. Hartal* P0 g' l, c+ H2 W
1 q0 y. u8 O0 I 119. Economic shutdown
3 F) f& P' W2 ?" z7 e
I7 s9 j0 [/ V8 a. S+ V ' V0 z/ j: b4 {
. S9 ~( R T+ t$ y+ E! |3 @1 {THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
, S9 A4 _/ V" P9 f2 ^- P0 z5 x5 K4 H- ^' V* h( V5 C8 b
. b& w; z5 l- S" ^Rejection of Authority
# n3 A' s9 f- [; v k 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ U8 Q; C( g o1 T/ _$ c
121. Refusal of public support
; q# A1 Y% w" b 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# S4 {& M+ a' f7 D! y
+ y8 V, |1 O) s; gCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) c" n+ \3 A4 V$ t: w2 S 123. Boycott of legislative bodies( u8 s! C8 G6 ?9 D
124. Boycott of elections3 O5 `$ y- s& W+ U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ b0 B8 T. @* ^1 ^
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 W7 e& B' J3 P" ], P 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) ?, M- a$ f* n' e( r; O& z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 m2 ]! j1 c7 W/ ]& [ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 I( f) J) n% d! T% I& z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" U7 n' \' t3 `/ P2 K5 R6 p# X- e
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
: w- c" a N% v% m: F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions3 N( f& K. s, K( q
2 k* z# _$ W* X9 G: j
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ }4 Y) D6 a/ Q7 C4 e# ]6 q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance& `0 P& u* |0 ]5 z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% k* [6 \* q. T( h/ R9 }* W7 H) B
135. Popular nonobedience) m3 g0 \- b b( U# d
136. Disguised disobedience5 `' u1 b- `6 ?8 u' [8 E. Y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ Z0 g9 S, D' J" `
138. Sitdown
) }5 S3 |/ P) O 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 Y. k" z5 C/ W! ` R 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 x6 Q2 R l' S1 F. K
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 {3 H1 }6 O) B3 ^ [' I8 p- {' I
9 e5 C8 z7 u. k* v7 ~" E
Action by Government Personnel
' n* x" W. n N/ e) U 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 y9 M8 Z- z8 J( g 143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 }8 k: d: @# ^9 u% S
144. Stalling and obstruction9 x2 p( ?0 Z) T: l* }/ I8 A; N
145. General administrative noncooperation( f0 K; ~2 d, t, g `
2 k( i! E" s3 B4 v) t- `; Z$ X( k 146. Judicial noncooperation+ `3 h0 Z% g& {9 p5 I1 c/ O. o
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* b9 z5 A/ J8 G4 E6 ~, L! f& t
148. Mutiny) E0 h% P& O* B& t$ k& i
Domestic Governmental Action
' X6 u- G' `) q- ~" O! h0 [! H 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" v; S3 e) Z* L ~. d
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: {# F, p z) q5 S" M( O' J
( K L; Y* X! i- e3 a( ]International Governmental Action
+ h, {1 j0 i" E+ j" S. X% p. c: z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- U4 i( p) f* @ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 K' Z/ j9 p" g1 I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: y: m1 @8 A1 b r' O: g- f
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 \ W4 f, h+ m( S Y" u6 q1 k 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
?8 b# T: @. P) H C. T2 P 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ V1 C9 e" M7 s, Q 157. Expulsion from international organizations6 q" ]: V- H# e/ T
/ g: [5 q, O. S1 {5 T `% j7 i( a 4 ~ t8 b. x6 U4 B
7 Y, L0 M9 C" W8 V, ?THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
" p N3 U% e( }. O. T( I X4 X. S q/ t3 s9 v9 d" q; f
5 R% _. @* U3 }" ]Psychological Intervention6 ]1 r& ~3 j! `" q: h# t
158. Self-exposure to the elements1 \; u9 N9 l$ L) B$ w* O+ i) V
159. The fast$ b" M: X0 O. N( s0 f
a) Fast of moral pressure/ H9 Y" u9 U+ u0 i, i: k& S) M
b) Hunger strike
, n: L y( m4 K2 ]) m4 e4 A c) Satyagrahic fast7 t0 c. ]2 g; W
160. Reverse trial2 |& j8 M5 r' [% m1 X2 P* Z
161. Nonviolent harassment, B2 Q1 Q# u* `
& m+ `" Q5 d" b$ m) _Physical Intervention+ g6 X4 b7 r+ o: B/ z+ b& B
162. Sit-in
6 w, P q$ v# C9 Z: V+ N 163. Stand-in
! R+ p9 i0 d# Q' C/ l/ o5 p. y 164. Ride-in
& t" T2 s$ E) H" } 165. Wade-in
% l0 A/ o( w6 _% F6 x 166. Mill-in. J$ O7 m0 |- E( q
167. Pray-in' f# B7 L+ y" u s. D# s) b
168. Nonviolent raids
) ~. }: k# y! t1 X 169. Nonviolent air raids4 T; L z9 J! E# P4 v/ Z G7 Q5 r
170. Nonviolent invasion7 l$ c1 D( H' b( z0 V2 `
171. Nonviolent interjection
* `" W) m4 d6 L; G 172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 i+ o4 e! V4 g0 @9 a1 \8 q8 \. D) A 173. Nonviolent occupation
r: @# \( U4 p5 `8 E# t
6 C7 j" R* l' a- x4 R+ I; nSocial Intervention
! y! F2 f, N! p% R( ^6 @ 174. Establishing new social patterns
. h" a N c, }1 j; W* l 175. Overloading of facilities
* w& K; K$ b4 |5 z: ? 176. Stall-in
1 |6 u/ u' o* B" v% f 177. Speak-in
8 W ?. F& \" |% |" D 178. Guerrilla theater- s7 g, e4 z3 J* h* `
179. Alternative social institutions4 K7 h) _( ]# v' T9 a, G+ P0 ~0 {
180. Alternative communication system3 h6 G( h; t) {3 v ~* r1 f
$ k* R( }' n4 r% z1 A
Economic Intervention& M2 a8 c3 [ I* ~0 ?$ t
181. Reverse strike! x8 v0 w' O- g B- K3 j! C: s$ }) F
182. Stay-in strike
D# ~+ N0 h) `, P0 i! d* |4 } 183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 O* L+ y; V. m, v) v8 X 184. Defiance of blockades+ _4 I4 A& n5 t h. S
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" q4 y, A$ z$ [9 Z% a, F: m$ @5 @ 186. Preclusive purchasing3 G; r4 `) f I) y4 a& R. f
187. Seizure of assets
3 Z9 _8 L* P! l+ a7 I* B 188. Dumping$ j4 Z! t! X. w
189. Selective patronage G2 |# h; q! R( {% U
190. Alternative markets
: _( b4 W5 p, i/ R9 i 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 N3 Y, }! _7 ]9 a9 u1 h+ { 192. Alternative economic institutions2 B# _7 f/ v8 ~$ m! |: u7 ?
) K1 V5 x. B8 D7 f
Political Intervention( l7 a) q0 `6 S* P* P+ J
193. Overloading of administrative systems
@9 b0 m1 Z4 a6 w# I 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 O' x1 k& c2 R8 q
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 E2 L# m5 t* j1 _1 G( N1 K- }/ u 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- I7 T' k6 W y 197. Work-on without collaboration/ _9 x' n! t" o, S5 p* y3 S
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, E: f+ {5 I9 b* _
3 t* R( r [5 E& }. t& R; p+ i
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
