 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: R h! s% ^8 R
Formal Statements6 U" f" \* @2 w+ k7 x/ _# D% p
1. Public Speeches1 L6 _! |( A( v7 \
2. Letters of opposition or support, [# h3 M) L& ]0 g, [- H% ?' Y
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 ^9 C$ `8 v9 @6 X 4. Signed public statements
: C/ ?% s B9 ]2 [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention! E; _- @- C& L% z; u. j; t& m* V. ?
6. Group or mass petitions
" |5 C4 w+ q& q) z" S
f( a3 T* Z; XCommunications with a Wider Audience
! H( O7 ~; S5 I6 Y* M 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 H% D$ b. e. H& L, S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 u. G) Y; f; j, u 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" N( g3 ^) X2 T+ ^ 10. Newspapers and journals G$ `$ b: G2 _ ^$ Z- w
11. Records, radio, and television
1 |6 e- \7 q. ` s4 Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% U: ?* [8 s" i8 Y7 O! ^: {$ g2 Q
8 e. `" |& D+ A2 Q$ b5 D iGroup Representations! P9 m! C( I: \$ o
13. Deputations3 @' ]+ d& S5 o) |4 g8 S
14. Mock awards
K8 u2 x0 u3 E- | 15. Group lobbying
! l+ x j5 ]# ]( e* E1 Q 16. Picketing) c8 F% o2 v$ l" m" b, j
17. Mock elections' p1 w* e2 m& |0 ~8 I$ T
( t6 g6 Z& N/ n' p# |* eSymbolic Public Acts# u- m1 p; [; z8 K
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' O) X9 w8 f3 z$ h# m. |% ]* q3 f
19. Wearing of symbols# X, p$ e& i8 Q
20. Prayer and worship
; j! Z* O& d( _# b5 w" E2 }4 U3 m$ j 21. Delivering symbolic objects+ m& ~3 \) W: Q/ Y; z% C3 L% j
22. Protest disrobings
1 d* k9 X7 `& a 23. Destruction of own property
; H" w9 `) L6 m0 y$ S+ ` 24. Symbolic lights# I" W- f. U a8 e! N; ^+ f, z
25. Displays of portraits0 E( I0 h+ c6 G% ~0 H4 a& K
26. Paint as protest
* k0 \* `2 N. s& y6 a) p; z 27. New signs and names: `% R! f" J# g
28. Symbolic sounds9 T4 p0 R- k( L! ?2 l+ n4 V
29. Symbolic reclamations3 ^" Y7 R) C5 _6 w4 F: G" t
30. Rude gestures& ~, e' t, u2 N; ?& f7 p: j
6 a0 ^, ]% |8 y# M# O6 h
Pressures on Individuals
! U# b1 p* w2 E1 @4 D. M( w0 p6 ~+ X2 C 31. “Haunting” officials% v7 K. Z9 @0 O$ |# j+ ^+ H. D7 J# [! g
32. Taunting officials" o* i- k6 |* u! f
33. Fraternization* S) I& q, r/ c
34. Vigils0 d" G/ ?9 T d
. P" ~8 ]0 R+ lDrama and Music) F7 A" @1 |/ p; B, Q8 Y
35. Humorous skits and pranks) ?6 R- B1 L( g" ]
36. Performances of plays and music
' C- `; p: h8 ]$ t3 c 37. Singing
. j' p' Z; o7 ?( e& D0 n
% Z! @( U7 T+ l6 H; @( }Processions, G% g$ o" ^- n3 Y: J+ f a
38. Marches" @$ A$ Y5 B0 T% i3 h9 u
39. Parades
- ?8 k+ x; m) u c 40. Religious processions
. }, M4 x; B6 f6 b 41. Pilgrimages% M, {) t* M$ |3 _1 L x" e
42. Motorcades
% m: M" q8 [/ l( f9 {0 K& O% G* ^: B9 x( [$ {9 {+ @1 m6 }/ Q
Honoring the Dead
5 u6 Q0 l& K% J+ P% p% Z, H 43. Political mourning! Z/ N! `3 g. O; @
44. Mock funerals% M9 j3 G; \1 k' Y) X# J
45. Demonstrative funerals( \, H) A& G3 J1 h
46. Homage at burial places
3 a0 ?) i4 ~) w
1 E& s, T! R& Y" Z, G0 t9 APublic Assemblies
}' v( h* I& v9 ~* a" C 47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 k9 n( Q* l# Q! E. l4 k4 k! u 48. Protest meetings2 [0 S; |0 f7 _9 D" o! g+ u; r
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) M9 n/ W9 x8 H* [$ H 50. Teach-ins+ H4 O/ L5 C2 o! J
8 n+ F/ _1 E( AWithdrawal and Renunciation* `2 y& u4 [* n ]- W. N
51. Walk-outs) k% \ {6 U1 r' E- \: h+ S" t+ A
52. Silence, A- _5 h2 C/ L* [; `
53. Renouncing honors2 _' V- g5 x$ t5 k2 p" p
54. Turning one’s back5 m/ Q. V; x4 |/ Y7 e, u( C
, V6 _" X1 r: ~6 A- n
: B0 D, P; j. I( V# }: \
: s H! b( f9 O$ F4 i) mTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) g' g' F n( o3 x" d3 d% ^' |' F
. D/ d. c* q T: W9 V 1 j1 Y/ b" ]! D! i) i/ }/ h# `4 X
! U$ Q# Z' g* a& sOstracism of Persons
2 b" F" @& K" Y) i 55. Social boycott2 {3 l3 t% ~+ y/ _3 ?# _' C
56. Selective social boycott
8 w# m2 Z* u+ t% G 57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 s8 r' D$ l) I6 O 58. Excommunication
5 d8 j! A( Z& n+ O 59. Interdict1 i* k% E, F: y. r+ Q6 {2 E5 F
+ I* N% [0 [5 e3 WNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
% \) R5 `( U5 [! J2 f1 c1 W8 e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ }0 u( V- C" J: V/ G 61. Boycott of social affairs
& N6 v4 X" d* e% e 62. Student strike. o6 w' N# U, @8 Z
63. Social disobedience3 E* L6 H2 k4 Y9 B. K1 y6 i5 _# n" ~
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 z) E2 q/ M& X2 D+ t- a7 }3 O! P
' r: S3 {# p. U# b3 _' MWithdrawal from the Social System
/ [9 m5 Z9 b6 F- n) }- ~ X 65. Stay-at-home
/ k8 I5 L& T0 ^# L9 e$ a3 p7 c3 w 66. Total personal noncooperation
# J, |! {: H8 n# Z9 O. @' q 67. “Flight” of workers
% h; Z( g* X4 t) s% G X2 c 68. Sanctuary
; P: j& d2 C( X. F: E& _) @ 69. Collective disappearance
* d+ D' j8 \7 y' z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 Z+ e0 i# m9 C+ a6 O3 v2 G0 d
8 E% F2 S6 O" ]- a4 v$ r0 ]
% ^9 u8 V6 d* k9 F% _0 J0 K0 r0 Z( Q8 w- D: S) A( H4 I& c1 w
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
& A5 n5 d* ^. S1 K& d) u$ j P 71. Consumers’ boycott
/ `) s0 j* V1 G$ \$ {7 x+ E0 W 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# m( o1 M9 F5 ]/ i$ ?# ]: ?+ M1 R* y
73. Policy of austerity+ k: L' w' d! }$ L
74. Rent withholding
2 |" {, Z& [1 p5 k5 d ` 75. Refusal to rent4 G6 A2 W. v: N4 Q+ ~3 h+ f
76. National consumers’ boycott
* t Q& z/ m+ t 77. International consumers’ boycott
* e8 r' o- a. {) S7 i$ N. ], V6 [' }$ A, u9 l- y7 e3 a1 H+ P" X% U
Action by Workers and Producers7 }" P Z/ h1 J% d- {" ~
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ ^* U0 t1 y9 [) R$ F 79. Producers’ boycott1 b! L! Q) N" J) c; W' d
7 _6 A5 z& o/ ^! E, L( ?- o- ^2 T4 ZAction by Middlemen
m( g; `. N9 H% ] 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 ~& J9 _$ L9 h E# g
" t0 r) h+ V( u2 ^Action by Owners and Management
+ i( M/ ?( ^8 S 81. Traders’ boycott" Z+ M( _2 {- a1 F' f5 B3 n- |
82. Refusal to let or sell property- f" |$ u. Q$ v& r: f( b
83. Lockout3 a7 j5 x* o) `
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* y; d }/ T" `: a9 m: V! V 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: i v: x% ~0 [" G
" H5 @) D) |) ~+ M% jAction by Holders of Financial Resources4 O* m) q( P2 p: h0 d. e- x
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 o+ n: b7 b% i3 N 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 Z7 @7 i* c9 Y+ K- N4 }8 g3 s# |
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 l7 s/ j, Z$ [$ m \
89. Severance of funds and credit% s) a; _8 F6 U9 e" \) W+ c1 h
90. Revenue refusal( ?& ^/ j5 A3 P) A; z
91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ _2 b, y$ L+ R5 o
% R7 N0 V; U! I" V0 p( DAction by Governments8 r! c* f) L3 k( P" D" v- Z, i
92. Domestic embargo
* o4 q8 S9 q& \3 e1 ` 93. Blacklisting of traders* C+ b/ y) w3 O; W" Z7 K( t
94. International sellers’ embargo9 y3 d4 I* D+ ], b, v3 \$ _0 E
95. International buyers’ embargo. H9 f% y4 K" y2 [: ^- K
96. International trade embargo. y4 C- j0 q* D
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ e1 h: [' H* O! d- ~6 f
Q& S1 J t0 T+ n
7 W0 ?6 m2 ]! X" P' @# p ZSymbolic Strikes) o1 s, u* I' c ~. U5 D4 c0 B+ Y
97. Protest strike
7 \( W7 O" P+ w# O( b7 y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% H7 }" P* S4 D- c. P2 L6 n# u; {3 v$ Z8 b! K) l0 H( n) |
Agricultural Strikes
, W3 L- D* S. z0 A. P7 s3 H2 Q6 r8 L 99. Peasant strike
A* F5 u, n+ H5 p 100. Farm Workers’ strike7 l6 S0 k8 ^2 b
, O9 C* Y i3 ~: O) A" S( S E
Strikes by Special Groups
7 T0 [" s# I4 w$ B5 K9 i( m% J, ? 101. Refusal of impressed labor9 l/ v3 T% C9 @% y% T) ]) K( P4 `
102. Prisoners’ strike
. O0 d6 v9 }# n# E+ u 103. Craft strike: e. |1 J# X# W% T- `0 T) u3 l) A
104. Professional strike e% p |" k8 s! l, ^$ D- j5 U
/ Y2 ^1 a; n* P, J% nOrdinary Industrial Strikes
, Y1 |- G8 y8 Q; A+ Q 105. Establishment strike
, q& [3 N+ N% y4 g! e: B 106. Industry strike* k' A, u7 c9 m" d+ ]: ~
107. Sympathetic strike
. A* m9 g3 u2 m" X4 D: C' a$ I8 h: @$ E0 F" n
Restricted Strikes% G9 Y9 {# k7 c
108. Detailed strike( i! Q; S' h+ ?, e! p$ Q: U
109. Bumper strike
% i6 Y# q& N* V! P& a% s. ? 110. Slowdown strike
6 H" Y9 m$ h) X' F 111. Working-to-rule strike
9 } d) P4 [" ^# k 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- j7 m$ k: ?9 h 113. Strike by resignation
. D" |3 s5 Q. N3 X$ u% f+ r: _1 X' i 114. Limited strike
- z- A2 |) z# @/ H; ~7 d. F 115. Selective strike$ n; K, K4 A: @) E7 I5 Z8 L
1 D' R+ f, B+ ], C/ fMulti-Industry Strikes5 D% l1 V# D8 G5 X
2 C [+ T3 Q8 q4 K& ^" A
116. Generalized strike
* n% I" x/ {% i" I7 ]6 L
$ z6 d q$ p2 y+ x) I 117. General strike' h' ]' l, ~6 G! r
/ ]8 w4 Z; D* g, Q& Z# Z
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
! U1 V9 t3 E9 E2 b/ g. C
$ _+ K# t- G3 E! @4 m. q' i: j# b, k 119. Economic shutdown
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1 Q% d8 G1 l* b6 m, W) DTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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) k1 s. ?4 d( S* i( K! H& VRejection of Authority
, U; g) }) `0 K9 D( C 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) q- A, n9 \9 \ D+ f
121. Refusal of public support
4 ^3 ~, i# O7 ^7 b: l0 k 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# P7 b! |: d: B/ o( C! X9 C+ ?+ k) o6 E& C( ]' i
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# y9 q! p: S; o1 ? 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; M) Q- L) H* e: n$ ~ 124. Boycott of elections
0 R; M- o$ j" Y, K 125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 K, Q$ p& V. ^$ a4 z( U/ U
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 w, @9 R% }+ j& K8 t/ Z! D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ d+ f4 |( w' T
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( D8 `6 j6 C. L) v
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. i2 N2 u3 U' Z2 K. h% m8 x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks3 V# B$ U8 J R; I8 b' r
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 N; Y2 R( d+ H, c
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 U' N( N; i/ `2 n+ ?! f2 C1 b
8 z2 L! @9 B0 V' j$ {Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 G P% l1 T2 I# a$ D 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- d8 _: {- A5 s8 x8 _0 p 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! F% G0 E* @9 M5 ^9 [/ H
135. Popular nonobedience
0 |0 ?* [2 p( ^; [) q& t1 R 136. Disguised disobedience
# W2 y$ M+ r# e- Z2 B 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* Q" Z. C" p% T2 \+ T 138. Sitdown6 S5 v( w6 ^3 `2 c7 M: @
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 ], W3 |9 w, S0 t, ^7 N) E
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ r ^# h' H8 ^& R9 O$ n 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 s% k" v& }; z& j8 @9 S Z
9 n) r. N4 `+ S8 P" c8 Y: Q
Action by Government Personnel
" l \1 R8 r; U. j 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- \3 F% k C, F; ]9 w4 d B, L 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 Z. p# k$ }! S/ G 144. Stalling and obstruction5 z% K4 [$ z/ |" t
145. General administrative noncooperation
' p& u' o# u: }5 y+ a* d/ L
/ W5 Z" R3 V& f5 V7 b% ~# G& r 146. Judicial noncooperation
& s1 i" |+ [# _! o6 u 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 ?& _) W& p& r e+ x- [4 w
148. Mutiny
& P1 B8 B; }% o7 y9 KDomestic Governmental Action
* `6 ^0 u9 F. d; g 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 [& R8 X5 P) n9 d0 u9 n& }5 d 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& n, ?! X% B: f1 Z$ z4 b0 W- l- M$ X; G5 \9 Y: m. z! S: I7 [8 D
International Governmental Action( f* Y6 N+ B- W t1 X" Y# g2 g5 d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 Z" U v$ X. x, J6 o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 X- K& [. d8 b& Y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition0 M2 w. a6 ]" Q5 O, D& t. L1 t
154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 K% E; \& ~- p7 q, [: F, _
155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 b9 A* [; _+ Z4 @8 W) w7 k
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* x0 p/ F" H7 S8 k5 R$ Q3 `; Z
157. Expulsion from international organizations6 J; t* `, J9 y0 j. h5 C
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1 y" Q1 c, B; Q3 `. @; }" T, hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 H6 O: L. z+ {. Q! c) lPsychological Intervention
* Y2 I; D# B' w: c7 `5 Y5 @6 t 158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 e4 n3 O; Q7 p% b; b/ ~1 K 159. The fast" B" A1 E* J3 A0 i. J5 K( t
a) Fast of moral pressure
) S+ n; }( E! [2 @& ^- C0 ^- H b) Hunger strike
* M0 r* C* y0 d9 [ c) Satyagrahic fast( ?/ C( i7 Z% I( C- w/ D% b2 l4 c
160. Reverse trial9 d1 w6 m3 j6 Q
161. Nonviolent harassment6 W; F9 I5 b0 v; B
! V0 P: n. {/ P, n' F! O
Physical Intervention
) F3 h- I7 `2 O4 U& w& ~' w) p& A1 h 162. Sit-in
) d7 q4 K) @1 N. } 163. Stand-in1 U2 H) u+ q# p! d: u, p1 h8 v
164. Ride-in
( P8 q# C4 J1 s; M- b& J' i O$ m 165. Wade-in: J& X$ ^; N7 _
166. Mill-in
4 I' U d- z+ o: b A 167. Pray-in/ Y7 K5 S# C: k$ u' B) X5 g: j
168. Nonviolent raids' Z$ D" U) n3 ~. C& r( P$ W
169. Nonviolent air raids
: e( a1 Q4 X r6 B# Q4 v9 p$ m 170. Nonviolent invasion* P+ ~ M- [1 I4 ?9 R; A
171. Nonviolent interjection
5 j# p7 R: ~. K$ R- ~ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ E5 U) ^% R" D& D# Y 173. Nonviolent occupation- r9 o2 i- c( c3 s
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Social Intervention
9 W' {: z6 A" U9 m# d* x 174. Establishing new social patterns" ], p m& q7 N' b% L, c
175. Overloading of facilities6 V6 r+ k# a* ?& j4 l6 t v1 J L9 _
176. Stall-in1 @/ v+ @+ R% N: w& Z3 Y- G9 u
177. Speak-in3 c; z% h$ Q% [7 [0 Q
178. Guerrilla theater9 i3 X, P% d& X0 Q. d+ e
179. Alternative social institutions
' } h$ L# V2 b$ m* | 180. Alternative communication system/ N- N+ L1 L3 {$ j9 B
9 H( o7 m! E& ~; v" V/ j2 s0 c* qEconomic Intervention
# i4 b1 A: `, C$ P2 w. S5 k* w 181. Reverse strike
( N5 D: T* L; P2 A 182. Stay-in strike2 a( W5 D; H7 j$ Z+ `, U
183. Nonviolent land seizure, \, p% o! `% X" y X, V8 }
184. Defiance of blockades- B+ j6 @) j# L% e, s
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 g, i% V9 M$ z% `2 p8 p" \ 186. Preclusive purchasing6 |5 E* r; |' o9 U# I
187. Seizure of assets
+ j/ e2 ] v7 E, j 188. Dumping
* ~1 C' D- m# q4 K7 { 189. Selective patronage* T7 b, f" L$ _" |
190. Alternative markets
5 @% u/ I0 @" D4 m1 L8 t3 g 191. Alternative transportation systems
* S; ]" R/ G6 B+ J+ s% k 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention; O; x1 I/ u& j( P: m
193. Overloading of administrative systems% G0 x w- y9 G: _+ _ p
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) [% Z6 }4 d" R: q5 [& |6 H
195. Seeking imprisonment
+ d% \( D- s3 q: d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
/ }' s2 h/ K* C* y: ? 197. Work-on without collaboration
( e& k6 a5 H8 m' j( v/ q; ^ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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