 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ h: V9 z% }) |! V& t. }6 p
Formal Statements* k. s# x& s5 S' b# U7 n
1. Public Speeches3 M: g! ^8 n( m8 H/ |
2. Letters of opposition or support
* p( U" s0 G G& f0 I 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ v2 k' I4 ? U' n f( `" z3 s 4. Signed public statements- j' p/ ?: t8 d0 _4 j" `8 Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 d0 e; m4 i1 } g
6. Group or mass petitions
M7 _: w$ d6 Z6 e2 Q
% S z- R, x% b$ G. u; E5 LCommunications with a Wider Audience
+ r8 y2 m! j! M- ?7 C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- R; r! Y) w" U/ |/ g) H+ |0 n4 W$ ^
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 D p0 J1 _5 E: M
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 X# }9 D' p# V/ W; M 10. Newspapers and journals
" [% h/ B9 J5 f! l- d 11. Records, radio, and television
/ L# D2 p+ Y" m4 F 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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Group Representations
3 ?1 y/ X i5 a' o. V3 ? 13. Deputations
8 L+ G* e$ S8 r- O. q9 Q' @ 14. Mock awards! X1 z$ x+ \1 ?( a, F+ ?6 V: H
15. Group lobbying
- _0 s5 F0 g6 B- R- G% ~! ~. a 16. Picketing# l( ^8 O; P% M2 U5 o& J: c
17. Mock elections
& A0 x2 c, U' e* v* \4 v {6 y+ W; h; x- j# C1 m- b" H
Symbolic Public Acts2 J" ~! \4 |. U4 j
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* l7 r: b I2 l9 h7 Q
19. Wearing of symbols- i2 ]; k' }0 `7 h9 p& D& { z
20. Prayer and worship y2 S, z: P! G
21. Delivering symbolic objects0 q, h: r& E3 Q$ @$ o% }
22. Protest disrobings
$ t3 L! q6 Z$ A* [2 {3 t$ U 23. Destruction of own property
& P! ^ L' ^( h5 S 24. Symbolic lights
) y/ q2 L+ v. P) G 25. Displays of portraits. a0 y& T4 k7 h. W! f! S4 H
26. Paint as protest
: G# K. N) F! O! \' m 27. New signs and names, y$ M& e, l9 O3 e( v6 z! q/ u
28. Symbolic sounds' a. p5 {& t7 h A
29. Symbolic reclamations
( D/ }& N9 K+ d; b" t8 \ 30. Rude gestures8 S; K* _3 E$ c$ C* G
6 @/ b) P! k2 S3 }: fPressures on Individuals
0 \* {1 J% }) R9 ?1 N# h9 ] 31. “Haunting” officials
( h5 ^. t) u( m% i 32. Taunting officials
) T E! f" k* K- l* q" W 33. Fraternization
" D, Q2 b* u( O, Z/ c R, B 34. Vigils
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Drama and Music
- y; w" \1 [# t 35. Humorous skits and pranks1 I) C# ^5 C- @, h1 C
36. Performances of plays and music
6 G6 F: ?9 A0 v5 t 37. Singing: d" l' g0 u. o, t5 l. e
3 ?! J5 B* W: e" U6 {6 tProcessions6 |7 N* Q8 _+ \" R6 E
38. Marches6 h Q! E- a9 a
39. Parades
; ]& a0 o/ @3 B. s 40. Religious processions
/ m" d; G6 b2 A8 v 41. Pilgrimages
/ {1 ?$ M2 ~. u. o2 ^' h 42. Motorcades
% Z1 V2 B( U" u; X* s
. S- }) A. w9 R, E& qHonoring the Dead& z; d! z# E. Y1 h( ^$ O! i5 c
43. Political mourning
+ N+ n! @/ f' q. J: y! V8 K+ L2 A 44. Mock funerals }4 q( |! C9 L6 I9 T+ |9 }
45. Demonstrative funerals
1 Z$ S3 o @9 K) Y8 v; E; r 46. Homage at burial places' \* V/ t+ F. ?9 R7 c- P5 E/ N
/ D; R9 U0 C# ^4 B! x" C) E2 P2 C% m0 \Public Assemblies9 W, n* q8 v8 U' ?: O
47. Assemblies of protest or support
) n _( x" h- ~' l" J0 p 48. Protest meetings
, r" k/ D/ M/ Y) f: N' n 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% R% T5 y! ~$ c8 J. S 50. Teach-ins' g' f: ~# B: |% W7 ^$ F4 P
) X+ V' l* a8 u& z- l: E' C* iWithdrawal and Renunciation
v# U* P; E2 W a+ Z- s: f- A" ^ u 51. Walk-outs
7 x2 c1 W4 r& A, }1 }3 _ 52. Silence
. K8 o5 h" V; C& M! p 53. Renouncing honors" }+ k! Q5 g5 _0 y4 S
54. Turning one’s back5 k) o/ p o7 y7 D! n5 ?
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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t2 u1 g5 L, {! h& Y, C: P7 a8 \/ f% Q# X
Ostracism of Persons
# _2 k" ]$ A1 X* W! [ 55. Social boycott9 T) f' o% _6 Y u
56. Selective social boycott/ U5 |& E i W' Y: @2 {
57. Lysistratic nonaction/ [/ m$ Y! K( P& V8 f$ ]! s
58. Excommunication
. t: S7 {; q/ g 59. Interdict3 [% v1 \% a# h0 \2 ]1 k6 y
( \" L9 d3 N, u* A. y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: W1 G `; l" X; O" y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) w ]3 Z% r# c* ] 61. Boycott of social affairs
; \6 P) h& F z3 K* F b 62. Student strike: R% d7 {+ W0 ]
63. Social disobedience
5 Y' c! S' X W G- U& i: R 64. Withdrawal from social institutions# c# j1 b0 t0 [" d) _& @4 W
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Withdrawal from the Social System
! g) f8 Y$ B; K9 Q# R& j( u: P P 65. Stay-at-home
( I6 w8 I0 Y/ P- |# L, U) r, ^ 66. Total personal noncooperation2 d. ]5 x* S) i4 x6 X
67. “Flight” of workers) o# L* i) B! X# H2 Z* `
68. Sanctuary R" k( p- c/ \# z- ^9 m: ?0 S$ B: n
69. Collective disappearance
+ q* {; g+ e2 G2 A3 e- I o3 ?! V 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ c2 B M, Z7 G1 L* ^# B
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
& }% w; h$ k1 C8 _$ H 71. Consumers’ boycott: D: `$ u4 ]" A- ]& F( `/ h
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. h5 r$ Z7 X# B0 f: H2 X, I 73. Policy of austerity
& ~* X6 L+ W+ ~! ~1 u 74. Rent withholding# Y; j# e9 B% q* C6 v0 d+ \' k
75. Refusal to rent
# `: T0 k' ~$ b 76. National consumers’ boycott
& ?# }, U g4 n) O 77. International consumers’ boycott+ F) N w* Q' Z) z5 m& f
& }# ^) S Q1 r$ M7 gAction by Workers and Producers5 T) b$ b( g4 X
78. Workmen’s boycott' Q1 Q' h3 n/ B9 X X. J0 c
79. Producers’ boycott
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7 g# x. x& g# Q+ MAction by Middlemen! B2 N/ f u% d9 d8 h
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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; Q: r1 E9 v1 w. G5 rAction by Owners and Management
8 T% A5 t: {$ I, s/ o9 h& h 81. Traders’ boycott
& _" ~1 j* P0 {0 u+ [" y 82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 v$ P4 z+ Y3 y+ H 83. Lockout
8 F- y+ X6 V/ J" G 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 |/ K' f! B6 U
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ r$ A8 H9 C+ i! h; F4 ]
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources( t# V, V1 n b1 y m: \
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) k& I! ` A. Q" z2 F6 s; E$ Z 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( a! j% l" ~' ~! y. m4 A7 t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ x* Z* O' i6 ]8 C! b H* Q( I; U* h0 N2 o 89. Severance of funds and credit
( Y: T0 E8 f# i5 X: ^7 B2 a9 j* p 90. Revenue refusal. N, t1 w, y7 y* F6 b9 J
91. Refusal of a government’s money. k- l0 ^& e i, ?% P5 Z/ I
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Action by Governments& N i7 t Y- Q$ t: D. V
92. Domestic embargo3 F! l, n& h. I
93. Blacklisting of traders, S' D3 [0 N* M6 c+ i% u& e
94. International sellers’ embargo7 x6 [: I% R% J8 R7 ` X: O6 e* X& U
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 ^& I$ a" ]) g' O. i- k* j) U X+ F9 \ 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 U9 @7 O3 ^1 w& N1 X
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Symbolic Strikes
. q- ]7 Z1 h; s' Q8 a 97. Protest strike
/ A3 g3 R8 G' F, \3 v 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
F1 }& ~) C! L) A: F
/ G' J8 C9 M O! D) H* c0 G; PAgricultural Strikes
& S( Z! T5 Z; _6 k% Z, A 99. Peasant strike
* n3 d7 ]$ e) X' R1 C 100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 `7 f6 T8 L& w4 w- g2 b) r
' p' w, Z& @) y& XStrikes by Special Groups
; G! B; n1 r, T4 I9 e( M8 ~5 X% t 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ Z" y/ Z% n0 K+ T* e 102. Prisoners’ strike
2 p s- J$ Z0 ] 103. Craft strike. P6 v O4 G$ P% q% e- `
104. Professional strike7 X T# @; d/ W& Y7 r
3 _/ p, k. A3 Z$ Y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes6 N( G: T% {" T! r+ A( w
105. Establishment strike2 D5 I, S+ G; v% m$ n! E
106. Industry strike6 R- k% v; J1 U) F+ C
107. Sympathetic strike
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/ A( ~( [7 x" {3 _( L yRestricted Strikes
( X1 z9 k$ Z4 Z& j; o+ \ 108. Detailed strike6 S( s5 Q* o1 H; g# O8 U
109. Bumper strike
; w/ ^: h( ?4 o% @4 r T' `) e6 y 110. Slowdown strike. t* k" h% e. O8 a( p
111. Working-to-rule strike
7 B: O$ c& W1 d5 j$ @1 m, i 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): N0 @# k' C8 b% P) t) D7 C
113. Strike by resignation! I( X. p, P/ Q* L9 X
114. Limited strike- q8 S5 a% Z4 @: A1 b7 X: t
115. Selective strike
+ [: R& a4 v) |4 H/ q( w9 V6 ?! l7 ^
Multi-Industry Strikes
2 V% V3 X6 ~3 n* H" t
# m9 p+ }: t. `& X. f! A. H 116. Generalized strike
9 i& O% l* ^9 ~0 h7 m/ l1 ^
$ c# N6 R! G7 s5 j$ ?! i 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures, C6 `7 N( U. }
% T2 X6 L) ^5 c$ c- U$ L- J 118. Hartal
1 S: f7 G/ E! S& J9 @9 g# j
! Z5 t% u' ]4 ~& a5 M 119. Economic shutdown% d4 e+ c* q. v$ [6 l7 t G( `/ M
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' m4 m$ g4 }* x1 |& a q/ RTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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- I( G# W( w# |) URejection of Authority
. p: b2 b% P/ C 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
/ l |- Y$ J* z! o 121. Refusal of public support
; P! e2 {* C. w/ g) y7 ]' k 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) K& O- b% V& Q
. r1 f3 [& l$ h8 ^5 @1 HCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government# Q4 d9 ?3 A$ [4 p
123. Boycott of legislative bodies) X) T- E1 V( e4 ?" @9 W# F+ E3 Z
124. Boycott of elections
/ X+ q. _: [7 [0 m, D 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 T3 I' P. ]" K2 j/ ]1 [ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) O9 a+ [- V3 D4 O( v' v
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ k$ z% H) ^' j. }, P. N6 _
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- \% @% ~8 H/ U3 ]( w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 D* Y0 S2 l; L( _8 F- p
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- F+ a' R$ _. E( u6 B+ H. c8 P 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* j$ e. \) ?7 K1 X, S 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; G8 G4 R6 ? A% X 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: y- D* v) E/ f 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: v( S Q2 C3 a2 ^% n3 N
135. Popular nonobedience$ |+ q$ L: o: |
136. Disguised disobedience
( \4 s/ I) q j8 v 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 ]3 T r$ f! x4 c" M
138. Sitdown0 ]+ g# w; ^, Z0 `4 n
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 o9 M# z- e& o( Y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 \3 y6 h) c- f 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel
# ^ o/ e: C* A3 W 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 j7 u, E7 H' Y4 F6 A; }$ s
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 V) i7 U& {# b. @( N/ Y1 r1 [5 S4 ^ 144. Stalling and obstruction
5 [6 H! |8 c( r 145. General administrative noncooperation, S9 m( k7 e. E/ c& z5 k
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146. Judicial noncooperation
0 ~0 ]* b. ]- i* i& e+ T: M 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ Z2 q' D3 | b3 N: D! y 148. Mutiny
7 H* V2 s; E4 t" g nDomestic Governmental Action. b5 k5 F! H4 \- F/ b- {% b: f# f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( v7 C2 M2 S1 {+ B
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% Y& V9 h$ P& N6 p
% l1 I5 ?0 @/ y% u( H; F+ E% @International Governmental Action
$ y0 _/ E4 e/ U3 z) s2 d2 {/ @; I6 k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( g8 Z# |5 ^( O0 { 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 x4 P1 k6 o) |7 o/ g8 M3 O5 e. K 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 L" x/ ?( G/ g, B% r9 G6 H
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 o5 V* M: U# u) A* Y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. t5 {, W9 a# n8 ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- N m, C- y& O7 N4 w
157. Expulsion from international organizations) T1 L4 D( E8 P6 h, R
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- h! z& q* _6 r0 c( f" i" F( e1 i
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Psychological Intervention
7 ~. T0 `, G2 B 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# t1 I+ L r, \ 159. The fast
& b1 Z3 l b' j6 A a) Fast of moral pressure/ V7 s$ E, D( {) {
b) Hunger strike
" l4 k4 e7 v* O- B% w c) Satyagrahic fast
2 i2 N. F f( K 160. Reverse trial8 D, x& Z' f) t: ~
161. Nonviolent harassment& y; y1 G9 k% s: o( _% R& p
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Physical Intervention: R* }: P+ I/ w- I
162. Sit-in, X9 K' n6 H( U: R; L, r
163. Stand-in
9 k) g+ e h% {2 `8 W1 W 164. Ride-in9 m$ g* Y* c, M# x
165. Wade-in1 N6 n8 @0 H' }/ r
166. Mill-in
9 l7 F' a. F# U% ^4 q' y 167. Pray-in
7 b" g. O6 V/ F7 D 168. Nonviolent raids
8 |1 D4 i& H5 C5 l3 t+ y 169. Nonviolent air raids3 g3 @. Y+ T4 M+ Y/ a3 _- L
170. Nonviolent invasion
1 x# \ W d# P1 U 171. Nonviolent interjection+ r5 K! I% i. ?2 w( M9 n' [! b2 |: u j! a
172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 G- \% v5 r. w 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
0 H5 J, o- _0 i; l4 m; o 174. Establishing new social patterns) L* k$ Z P: u8 ]
175. Overloading of facilities) Z1 u# `% W2 n5 a# P
176. Stall-in# o. o* l7 O5 k( B& M
177. Speak-in
- R( k- R E* I5 R 178. Guerrilla theater
! }+ X% M1 {% N) H: P* R1 X 179. Alternative social institutions
& B8 V: v t: h* h. y; [ 180. Alternative communication system% L$ v" g& v6 f* r/ D
6 L4 g. K% G; @5 W7 h, EEconomic Intervention
7 d9 ?3 b( R* h7 ` 181. Reverse strike8 z {/ R0 H/ O; Q( R
182. Stay-in strike
/ b- k. @" B6 k* P2 p1 e 183. Nonviolent land seizure! p5 f: L. R/ y. _( O
184. Defiance of blockades; m! U0 O7 S$ }
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 {& G7 ]( T2 u0 S' {, Q
186. Preclusive purchasing
: @& @; ?' M% K 187. Seizure of assets
- q7 n7 p' E+ h1 H* ? 188. Dumping
8 ~& P8 l: i' O: n/ ?5 \: z 189. Selective patronage
j) P& n$ [! G1 u" G 190. Alternative markets- t( i2 c! r+ m) E7 ]
191. Alternative transportation systems3 B3 {! l5 H; p4 a$ Z+ ?
192. Alternative economic institutions# B+ Q# Y: q. ?( J/ B9 ~3 a. M1 e
6 }' D( H: U! m tPolitical Intervention2 v6 \2 c8 V/ B5 q7 h, ~, {2 h
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 h3 [' C* s) P& e+ U0 C0 S6 ]" k+ E
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 m4 V0 _2 {% C 195. Seeking imprisonment
|% E; }( Q1 b, S( H 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ T) e% j' b: p3 a
197. Work-on without collaboration& u* ~3 ]" z2 Z" X
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
