 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# `. o9 z6 N$ y5 J/ p" H3 @Formal Statements
, l t5 a% i( ^) E0 G8 F 1. Public Speeches& w% [- Z: \$ H9 l6 }& J
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 I! ?. _ r) n0 @" W, O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions T& O+ b$ f. I
4. Signed public statements
. H6 s) c- v/ e) p$ x 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( j$ l* K# |8 ^ w' ^7 f; V8 e" C 6. Group or mass petitions& T! n9 J) ?6 S" Q7 ?
- z* F$ i* Q- I. G
Communications with a Wider Audience+ V; u, f! {" ?3 ^& I# q% [
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 J6 m* k2 B! q
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 {# W8 ]' y3 K4 _6 }' B, ^
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, E/ s D5 Y+ n 10. Newspapers and journals- ]( c" M- H* K- a0 M
11. Records, radio, and television
1 |9 B& ^4 N: X7 f 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
, ~! c+ Y* V) X: t- ?7 k
$ X+ u6 I- |: v- ~Group Representations# L/ b5 j% M9 H! X3 S4 _
13. Deputations
5 A/ y" F! N2 P" d 14. Mock awards, I' y) D+ h, m) V; u
15. Group lobbying
5 O" j4 S7 X% M 16. Picketing
! ]4 K* v1 b& F; g 17. Mock elections
! d2 c8 V! @" c9 X2 ^& _
* R7 E. ]$ }( M/ Y7 pSymbolic Public Acts
2 h$ _8 u0 ~! K) ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 q5 n& \7 T7 e6 K 19. Wearing of symbols
3 N+ p, m; J2 R- H7 O 20. Prayer and worship
( O7 i% e- F* ?$ F& {/ Z1 ?* e 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 u( N! |9 B8 |" |/ { 22. Protest disrobings
" H! R7 I3 t* H9 a+ D 23. Destruction of own property' G @4 ~" z+ p- w* Z
24. Symbolic lights
; F9 ~6 I, [' w+ { 25. Displays of portraits' s C4 z+ U) E' d1 K/ Z
26. Paint as protest
0 I! F v: t5 e 27. New signs and names
* ]" @: F" a2 h' B- }- O: t 28. Symbolic sounds' L( [) v' U8 \3 M3 P6 x, s
29. Symbolic reclamations
5 Z: j# b& ^& ~& T/ ` Q 30. Rude gestures
8 Z4 F0 R$ z( y8 j/ A3 j7 I' m* {$ M7 g0 I
Pressures on Individuals
9 g3 P* o; @- O N& g8 @ 31. “Haunting” officials
" v6 ^" [5 `1 a( W 32. Taunting officials, `5 S) n4 x; Q
33. Fraternization/ K4 \2 w6 ^7 g. s5 I5 u k0 d/ R
34. Vigils& G- L3 m" ~/ A6 G& ]
& E5 T4 P. k/ x
Drama and Music* ~7 N, ~; @% ]8 K
35. Humorous skits and pranks& @$ C1 o9 {* h0 P0 x6 t
36. Performances of plays and music
( |" v. P& v/ v 37. Singing3 j4 r1 _, X9 J$ C9 c
! r% d+ ~8 L% U! i0 ~% f9 i3 ~4 R, U5 Q
Processions* q _9 s. |8 d. r1 r! i6 ?$ E
38. Marches
$ R0 |- ~4 @: m7 ^ 39. Parades0 K; Q9 o1 d9 g+ P
40. Religious processions- `! Q5 C. J' @7 x, |& s q
41. Pilgrimages
. v, h2 K3 F6 V r" Y5 s; c8 \ 42. Motorcades
. W& l4 G8 y# r) @, V0 c7 I0 E% |' R: Z% r; R3 @* n, J4 V
Honoring the Dead. ?0 i! g# h$ {, t1 P: D' C
43. Political mourning
4 }8 L( g$ N6 \* K* {7 e4 X% O 44. Mock funerals
+ A. |+ I6 d( I+ Q" c 45. Demonstrative funerals
* q \# o" g- H 46. Homage at burial places
3 I8 Y# {5 a4 f9 t8 `7 P$ a, V8 `) V& ^0 C# p4 r ~
Public Assemblies) w3 T# \( y5 I' c
47. Assemblies of protest or support% N' d3 E I/ S
48. Protest meetings
/ } I; R% W" Y* z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
w7 o) L/ c: b, F7 W 50. Teach-ins7 D j& I( G6 b! M( M
9 G) m- E) d$ }9 ~+ ?, [& Y
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# N( k/ D* j* ]# q 51. Walk-outs+ j" o' [' p1 r" s+ m9 J$ t" d" B
52. Silence3 r1 p* G: |0 n" p# ?0 U
53. Renouncing honors
% |7 A6 @' X/ S2 h4 b& Z 54. Turning one’s back: H; r+ K; Y+ t) i1 }! U
; C- }: Q u, W. d! z # e+ h) }: W, R' A- j: v- B
% r! I- w) s* u3 \& \: u: x
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ z+ P3 T8 f' m6 \6 Z* ]4 B& S& \
" }/ i5 d3 p/ j* f# R
% ^7 U0 H7 y" [, h5 IOstracism of Persons
' D2 {7 y2 x3 E+ |* }0 b, x 55. Social boycott1 {+ G" ~! A: b
56. Selective social boycott+ D: L2 i- a8 c2 I& X
57. Lysistratic nonaction
& t9 d5 |# N! b2 [4 a. x 58. Excommunication
+ a5 ~6 Q8 k2 x# V! a* e$ v 59. Interdict
9 q( y4 S: V* M) U5 \0 s' m, C ?
7 g0 U- E* E% V ?. A+ fNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 j g0 d( t- J) q+ ]. f
60. Suspension of social and sports activities z: n( n5 X+ R" e8 B6 {
61. Boycott of social affairs; x, |0 r- X' X7 b& A" j
62. Student strike
; f2 Z3 k1 h4 V+ h" r9 i1 { 63. Social disobedience
$ n' B' ]3 S- m) z, N9 l; V0 a$ h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 X \- Q3 i: J8 w5 |
( s# ~& s$ |; U# B0 s/ l
Withdrawal from the Social System0 k# ?4 @! O: D P& J; Y
65. Stay-at-home
/ m& ?! a8 y' z, Y( _: m: } 66. Total personal noncooperation
2 L. w5 j0 D2 w+ P) [8 I! v1 [ 67. “Flight” of workers
2 P" y q6 r! j" ~7 z 68. Sanctuary
% X7 n9 ~0 [8 Q+ M& P6 v 69. Collective disappearance
, J8 T" c0 _% m, t 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
# Q, P' A2 C( q* _, d/ R/ ~. J0 ^. r( r: i
2 J3 Z5 W8 t4 T
% l3 n& Y- L* DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; {1 a( d' J5 g
. g% Q& w6 N; j( m b8 w- E' |0 M
5 L; S7 ~. S& f! L
Actions by Consumers
' E* K+ ]6 ]9 y6 m9 R3 `+ I% S# W7 l 71. Consumers’ boycott8 F' W% f+ V/ I. i; r' B
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; @6 U& X3 C4 y2 K( D2 L7 u8 T 73. Policy of austerity
2 R. ~* c, e g 74. Rent withholding
" ^. E) D2 c8 ?% m4 y) w( D# ^% V 75. Refusal to rent; N7 W4 L" i! T" R3 k- @& _# {
76. National consumers’ boycott: p, x' l: d2 A- q" h
77. International consumers’ boycott
C) v2 s& f# T+ M4 |
5 l# J6 I- L. o O6 uAction by Workers and Producers
) p( \6 W# _. a4 Z, L+ O7 Q# p7 c 78. Workmen’s boycott ?2 d: Y% t9 t. u6 v* S
79. Producers’ boycott
, ~+ V( f- G$ x3 C; H4 [0 j( v" u, g- b
Action by Middlemen2 ]2 L& C7 [) @% o Z# F3 }+ V/ I
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" k7 E8 Z+ ^+ Z! K
$ \% s; e& N, q6 ]5 rAction by Owners and Management
( _; ^8 u; A% I O& m1 A X- S 81. Traders’ boycott( K9 _; z- L; Y8 q
82. Refusal to let or sell property0 _1 V) k! V& f1 z# k# p0 M1 Y
83. Lockout0 _2 i- r1 r5 L1 X
84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ D/ e) `3 x5 [; u8 I/ ~ P1 g t
85. Merchants’ “general strike”8 H$ E6 V! b0 p$ u5 v
; O J; n! K& \+ }4 w* F. B4 i
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 i) K' h& M, S- I0 S 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 @+ o/ k x* B1 L3 r$ ` n 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( \( n5 A/ ]( ?2 M# I 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 t @ A+ k* |5 X6 a1 z3 Q
89. Severance of funds and credit
$ U) x0 N* j' \9 h 90. Revenue refusal) H4 k Q5 t. A/ X5 B1 c
91. Refusal of a government’s money
" L# e- j0 E/ u; S) r/ U3 N* p4 N3 U* y6 l9 ?% e
Action by Governments
# y# k1 d! e8 i( L0 p: g' A' u; N& q 92. Domestic embargo) g8 J H1 W" h0 R+ d+ q4 E3 E: A
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 y6 L' i* W; C3 ~* c# m" ] 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ A: _0 I/ s1 l4 i ] 95. International buyers’ embargo$ l4 N+ b% {) c, b
96. International trade embargo, h% }$ m$ X% p. c& ]
$ `3 U+ A+ A% ], J 0 f5 Z2 Z) l* F! M. r: l: I5 y# w+ W
5 D: a1 `9 d; i/ a N2 k6 n+ B0 }
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! S( y2 ?3 z. E y" N8 E# I8 h. v" R
X+ E8 b7 X: I1 j 2 Q- }0 Y s& \& F5 d1 m4 i
Symbolic Strikes
" ~, Y; R$ S# o L& ~. S, Y9 R 97. Protest strike
6 w( w$ H/ s/ Y+ p! s' v 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
& T! v% ?7 v( v4 v% s" F e' |3 ?+ l7 H# q( @+ Y( a" }& m# Z7 Y
Agricultural Strikes
8 i7 D* p0 G# R& Q' @$ }( K 99. Peasant strike$ ?/ c6 N2 c/ e( J& Q X M7 U0 ?
100. Farm Workers’ strike: U H% m& D' S( `6 Q) K, S" H
3 v/ e6 ~5 L9 T. a! X* W7 e. B
Strikes by Special Groups* Z7 a" r( R* n7 J/ \
101. Refusal of impressed labor7 `; `* h2 N2 w/ O5 Y3 ]
102. Prisoners’ strike
' V) e/ \9 E* g/ J 103. Craft strike
3 H2 O2 o: _1 Y) Z2 i+ Z; Y 104. Professional strike
8 M8 }) @+ J1 W
" O& T: B/ h7 w: a; o$ E+ n; kOrdinary Industrial Strikes
, J" k! e8 Q9 Q- v% j( d 105. Establishment strike
{: U. m4 ]7 t/ [8 p 106. Industry strike
- b! f i2 K/ x 107. Sympathetic strike. R) A; E2 w+ L" I7 d+ G' a9 H9 J
+ B1 ~) |( A8 P# Q7 w: N
Restricted Strikes$ b$ `9 @0 i% h G
108. Detailed strike
5 E* p6 d) C+ D7 Q 109. Bumper strike
5 |) }1 c0 G# E4 P0 W8 x0 N% }; j 110. Slowdown strike
8 N, u- o) i9 {5 ]7 y 111. Working-to-rule strike
) U) b; E5 w* T& c 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)* r+ B4 L& Q" }
113. Strike by resignation8 P$ J5 M' }) S, D2 `! [
114. Limited strike
! c* ]. f; J" O 115. Selective strike
) N( z$ W! ^6 ^7 A4 c, P1 C: R4 O' ?* U/ W) d
Multi-Industry Strikes
" k# Z$ h8 N0 c+ y! i
O0 j& W( C4 a 116. Generalized strike/ \8 U) [ b- G9 n0 V
. W6 a! M1 b$ a
117. General strike
7 t/ ~' f/ \% a8 e0 C) z5 S7 p3 c( J. g: q2 c% r
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 T* F: o7 y7 F7 \5 o8 }+ @0 b; C& s# |, m0 k, ^3 c" Z
118. Hartal) {# j8 O) f) i7 V
$ Q) s) S) f- w0 |
119. Economic shutdown$ K( s1 P: y- y) r6 g8 j
' i8 }( m; a r" R; ~, G
4 I6 ^, M2 J: P
7 P, a# u& P& D8 `- U8 W5 gTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( g& j; ?6 B1 U; i# P: L- I
% ]. H$ ?$ \" d' S1 h; O
# x/ |# [: ^' C6 m( S4 a& @, hRejection of Authority8 y2 X+ x* i4 @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& K7 c: f% u9 n6 q" h 121. Refusal of public support+ ~# O4 ]0 Z1 c7 d3 d) \
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
f! m$ D" c! Z
$ L# B" H b2 z5 a' KCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 V- p! y/ n+ q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies( B* z9 V8 _) }- l) [6 l6 L. p
124. Boycott of elections
4 Z7 R/ x; q; K+ a% g' K 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 {/ G1 w% |& n# w) E8 o9 n
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 k" O, q' c% E7 S/ f! q" u4 L
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ E+ h# e+ |+ f
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ [' p; d9 x5 {* z4 X( g
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' H$ J4 n9 L# L' [" T \. D
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! g$ h3 I- p1 |& Z8 G
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# x, q# {( _' Q0 o. i, y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# D) y9 u. V% m7 x) t0 q) d- a* R, p1 n$ S9 Y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, y, \- ?, K l9 o% a 133. Reluctant and slow compliance! }/ e7 K8 z7 f& A/ t& t8 T% p
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! @+ `8 r* I* L2 [
135. Popular nonobedience
% M( H. q2 ^4 `0 `9 n& q 136. Disguised disobedience8 d) W4 n0 J' L5 N( ^1 e% x0 v
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) o" m8 C9 G7 y+ T$ {
138. Sitdown
+ ^! `2 T4 i) b3 e% K3 K6 @8 o 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ Y9 w- `* R% \) R
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ D5 J! W" p8 N4 t5 V2 {
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: Q5 y7 Y+ i. X- Z8 e' H6 B) Y j. H1 v2 n' B
Action by Government Personnel6 V3 F* O' M; d& g6 f% D
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 }! \" F3 o3 [7 M 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 k) @2 r; H8 f, Z6 H3 K
144. Stalling and obstruction8 H( ?2 x: i0 R1 h5 n; L2 ~; g( x
145. General administrative noncooperation7 z' e& H+ m) ~9 c- N
, z ~' O M0 k ?3 R \. i 146. Judicial noncooperation
" `4 b5 B# h9 g 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! N6 [/ E* K# q* e
148. Mutiny
! E' O( d& \% T) c1 pDomestic Governmental Action0 D: u" n* b3 l! O' ^7 i' d
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: w( Z$ W5 f0 ~6 r3 ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 X' \, T$ t0 t
/ o, g/ ~; X& P, IInternational Governmental Action6 M A/ M! f1 F4 h
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, a5 O h/ I7 J* u
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% _+ M2 y1 v5 ~7 T, b8 U
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 U9 @; o) ?5 s$ D4 O
154. Severance of diplomatic relations! i) c5 a6 {- t* d
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* Z* c" d$ b5 J: @ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* k1 t/ I' B) I- S
157. Expulsion from international organizations/ u0 k" @- W9 `: P% \6 q; j1 l. e
0 E- H4 [, D5 A6 q8 _; D 8 d6 E' Z f9 I
) c- l% M' M8 }4 c W( jTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 Y: ?$ |) d% \; ^" h# m) u" ?( j D8 h5 |& p
$ ]+ X2 N! i/ A. \; x
Psychological Intervention% Z( Q) A5 J2 _2 e6 u7 ~, v# n
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- T' V; j, I) b5 s4 H4 a" P 159. The fast- w7 }$ t0 ~8 z3 y r4 |8 Y
a) Fast of moral pressure3 g! n! |+ F7 n
b) Hunger strike
* r8 {% B- i' L; s9 a c) Satyagrahic fast b1 q6 Q4 g+ m' O" q
160. Reverse trial* C+ R7 |, z: z6 _6 Z( G3 C
161. Nonviolent harassment
( I p6 z" R8 F1 C" C+ B/ m; o ?! B( n6 ~# H' t) W" L
Physical Intervention f: d8 v$ H" y0 F4 g ~9 d4 r
162. Sit-in2 h6 {) ~# ~: p% c
163. Stand-in
; O7 Z5 f4 \% p4 t( A( E 164. Ride-in$ r, s5 O: e2 E- S' t6 f( P$ I
165. Wade-in
" B* o- V# d) \0 _2 w 166. Mill-in5 ?) M" k9 e/ S/ T
167. Pray-in
; `+ J3 \4 @( T' U( w 168. Nonviolent raids) K5 [$ W8 o7 {
169. Nonviolent air raids
/ o2 ]9 d3 [0 A& h, [' [$ f 170. Nonviolent invasion# U9 D. ~7 ?0 W- \- O! i3 A
171. Nonviolent interjection+ B9 j/ u+ e9 ^
172. Nonviolent obstruction* y/ G8 Y! p* N A" j
173. Nonviolent occupation
3 S0 Z1 n/ w% @- k$ z! b7 S9 X1 O, A3 a2 C
Social Intervention
" {- q* _- q+ D1 I 174. Establishing new social patterns
) o: O8 s4 d# X$ n+ }9 I! q 175. Overloading of facilities
' j7 b4 [! T5 [8 V 176. Stall-in
7 j; E& F: |; P7 f! [ 177. Speak-in, ?# l, L9 v- T/ g7 j$ m
178. Guerrilla theater8 w% O1 Q F# f
179. Alternative social institutions; [# Y2 v5 d- K
180. Alternative communication system5 Q* |! T8 X( w, o: e( t4 X: d( |
% z% a: Y! ]2 G/ V
Economic Intervention
8 ~0 G1 ^: s1 r" I; i2 z 181. Reverse strike! V- d2 B, m2 x. i
182. Stay-in strike
% A1 G n4 J( S. d% x3 M 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 Y. `, u; a7 y+ z 184. Defiance of blockades
2 G( A: n+ T$ O7 [- Z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ ]) l' J6 ]* e% v8 h4 x 186. Preclusive purchasing0 h* I1 Q) g" }( W! T( |
187. Seizure of assets% p( D1 @, d+ y
188. Dumping
9 M9 k' C: I/ h# p 189. Selective patronage
9 a$ o0 ?" \+ V4 h: M$ [ G 190. Alternative markets( A6 t- J9 m+ l8 p! O
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 k; E# F& Z! M d- `) p6 K0 y# m 192. Alternative economic institutions2 ~5 w+ \: D2 w |! e
- r- C5 T) Z( N% @4 X( B( [! j
Political Intervention
" j" V1 R, t7 {3 T 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% ^; }- G' l) t m4 E 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; X2 l& A/ u; V& l, { 195. Seeking imprisonment
* p k8 k2 [" M! c: b5 N M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% D* b9 P5 P( W, ]* b
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 B% p4 J w( Z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ X; e/ B U' B% B" X5 A
! h5 Q! c$ @2 V2 g7 O
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
