 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( J% t" w0 ~* b- U# {; w% r
Formal Statements
1 d, B$ ]- B, S: Y 1. Public Speeches( r5 G# x# J# j. @* {
2. Letters of opposition or support
* P7 |% s B* Q+ \: ]) d* J 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
T2 G* Z% U, g$ M 4. Signed public statements# q" g" }) W1 [+ n3 Z. I& ~- V1 q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
* K8 A# c) U; n' i 6. Group or mass petitions _+ L$ t) i, J5 P# f
3 \- X" Q! E+ t- a6 S9 I
Communications with a Wider Audience
& F, n! I( _" Z+ G 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, r, C) i9 K# I/ w$ R 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% w- r3 c& P9 R% r+ P3 M6 o
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 A* a% Q' j1 H* g, E
10. Newspapers and journals7 X. o# y( x7 }3 O
11. Records, radio, and television) Y! t$ m' g/ D) n
12. Skywriting and earthwriting! b: _4 H4 E4 }8 e% P; C+ ?
# J5 F0 _1 |4 p5 O
Group Representations( x: Q9 n2 `* i7 l- r7 v. @$ `) ^0 E
13. Deputations
, u2 z8 K7 X3 b/ S; @% R 14. Mock awards
' X, i" C6 g0 h8 S 15. Group lobbying% q' n# o$ t, e) r B, @' A5 l
16. Picketing
+ ~3 Z+ y9 _$ z8 V8 s 17. Mock elections# H4 B7 R* q) u) V4 q" j. Z; d' l
; z, t7 n" @/ I$ }6 G: ~
Symbolic Public Acts* g# a# k, `! p q" k+ x
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: a$ }, P- N6 {- K/ x1 t 19. Wearing of symbols
* `6 F3 Y, c7 _0 D8 w" Y5 p) D 20. Prayer and worship
/ X* O# C* j9 ?3 f& s 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 N( d' ^0 L& a1 K5 X 22. Protest disrobings
' t& i6 u6 x- F 23. Destruction of own property( i4 B8 K* ^7 F" }0 f
24. Symbolic lights
4 ?% Z& G' ^8 c9 D 25. Displays of portraits p' A: w: X8 G! A! O
26. Paint as protest
4 r& ]6 \9 z+ y, O. b 27. New signs and names! ~6 f' a( U1 o5 Q7 B
28. Symbolic sounds) p' P* Y- i9 L `5 f! h
29. Symbolic reclamations+ ^7 ]. q9 R2 v; I3 k& N
30. Rude gestures \8 @" x% k4 w0 b* L: `" d
3 X6 u4 Q: a: j2 h/ j& P
Pressures on Individuals
3 E+ J4 V7 r( B 31. “Haunting” officials3 Y4 G! s) p8 z
32. Taunting officials
' a- r2 U, F! }+ A1 q 33. Fraternization& Z2 T. u e, ]" \) Q: M( Q
34. Vigils! z; [. p8 E0 P, R/ S
( U3 v& ~. |0 Q: J8 CDrama and Music
% k" x( j/ F6 [* E 35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ g5 a6 b6 o4 B7 O7 s! R# _ 36. Performances of plays and music
6 }! Z' U/ X. m W+ u* ^ 37. Singing
/ s, c9 _+ e+ ?2 w9 A. s {7 z, V+ Q! b! A
Processions
& T2 \ H; q$ x2 U O3 X1 c0 K2 _ 38. Marches
3 X | i1 o' i K+ a 39. Parades' G0 N) J: S) T! b0 {( b, N/ N2 ?
40. Religious processions9 U' p' |# u7 ?
41. Pilgrimages- i: k: B1 E0 N8 W
42. Motorcades
( a) H% h6 D. Q; ~( `0 |* W& ~- H3 \& }# d* A
Honoring the Dead
! i4 X \) J! c$ ~$ V. [ 43. Political mourning
! @5 n& j8 L8 @* Z& r 44. Mock funerals
V1 C Z& U9 I 45. Demonstrative funerals
& w) L1 e& q$ _1 B9 Q9 P 46. Homage at burial places" U9 T% U# n4 G/ R
1 }2 P* V+ B, T b
Public Assemblies0 s& u) q: ^. R" s" e( X
47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ L' [! [9 |; X# a X- p$ [ 48. Protest meetings3 y0 j. Y6 ~, ?# P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ B; R, h p) n2 h
50. Teach-ins7 z# S% K5 d1 c
* j: d. Z0 Y" z/ r
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 e* G/ q* I+ i- _
51. Walk-outs
: |" K: ]% n1 P) z d6 U 52. Silence
( j' C9 N: B/ y* F4 N3 [ 53. Renouncing honors# r5 W" q. v1 ~9 I) b; W
54. Turning one’s back2 Q" a5 h- D" v
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4 i* t5 D+ |4 |" w" T
c- r, ?" ]% a- o. x2 {- [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ d$ S& U% J- m1 ~5 a; H( Y( [
( ^6 r. T7 ^5 y6 T* `
% [: D3 o) e2 z1 ]
* e4 Q& ^3 K" K5 h# o+ \Ostracism of Persons
. W6 E! b* P2 t6 n5 F1 v 55. Social boycott
) e \. K" B8 s" S9 s# k9 A% ~ 56. Selective social boycott3 C7 v( L: z+ n4 u7 Q. f w
57. Lysistratic nonaction
* ?- e/ R$ q7 \/ ^ 58. Excommunication
9 a( o9 o0 ]% h8 r 59. Interdict
( a6 @/ o/ d' V
( M) O' }) T# C) |Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! w" t* D; n7 ?$ i5 n" a0 c. f9 T* k
60. Suspension of social and sports activities' v& A7 d, {5 k, P% X
61. Boycott of social affairs
* ?% o) e8 y T* ]4 T0 ? 62. Student strike7 B9 e s8 H8 \7 ]6 ]
63. Social disobedience4 V; h8 M2 b8 J# F; H
64. Withdrawal from social institutions. u. m. B) H, Q# i; Y. B
% _! p0 D$ Y- Y q2 W% j; OWithdrawal from the Social System* R. t; {+ R( ]/ m, o6 S
65. Stay-at-home
* z! Z4 Q5 F4 c# a 66. Total personal noncooperation2 y9 O0 U7 o7 a, R5 y4 o
67. “Flight” of workers$ p1 x- k9 l6 W! D: e
68. Sanctuary
+ r3 x$ e4 q% G4 O& B$ { |9 v 69. Collective disappearance1 F6 W- ~* f' d5 f3 a! [1 n
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" G( O/ i7 y% v1 }
e9 ], k2 ^' g6 N" X
6 U" @9 A* b5 W9 _
A' b; V { W9 E/ ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 ` j0 u u- V% f" G, x, @. Y! B( Y
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Actions by Consumers
2 }4 M: X4 ?) H. D4 K 71. Consumers’ boycott
$ M ]# s- f! b 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# z( g: s [* D: ]' k
73. Policy of austerity
5 n6 {. J3 n9 _+ [ 74. Rent withholding/ D9 v9 v9 X5 \' h
75. Refusal to rent
( p: B( c2 ^. W+ C$ ]& m 76. National consumers’ boycott
. @+ p. e; x" d/ Z1 v& m 77. International consumers’ boycott
7 c" l/ f* b! {$ |0 }! c
& D4 g, Q( Q+ m- r' r! v9 _Action by Workers and Producers8 i& @- `3 O- M% z
78. Workmen’s boycott
2 m+ u/ ~4 ]; g0 [5 c% `1 e- m- z" O 79. Producers’ boycott
: ?! H' n; `2 k, v' ?
9 f% {& L, l% z# _2 H7 mAction by Middlemen& n- @) @2 [7 [* X4 J* u: K
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' |* G- }2 M3 m2 x( v( V
4 `% u3 j, T% w6 hAction by Owners and Management* a5 x" m+ v; N9 {
81. Traders’ boycott, t- e. p: \; G2 Q! n
82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 u- p4 W% [9 x+ D+ n: P 83. Lockout+ b" K( W S2 K$ d. |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 [- V j! \) L3 T. Z: ~
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 L9 E t* N1 h$ B9 h1 K7 p
. C3 U. d1 S( r* D9 l* nAction by Holders of Financial Resources: S/ |( Y: I& }5 K$ S( G
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& b6 F; O8 x1 @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' J. D" a+ l, |, M 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) e; @, s( P* i6 u7 u* h. a' f# h
89. Severance of funds and credit
/ Z% z3 y0 |4 v9 d$ C$ ?' t 90. Revenue refusal% }2 i$ M" V/ H8 B4 s
91. Refusal of a government’s money7 n- V" Y% D3 E
; A0 h; h& U1 q& l# V* dAction by Governments
$ k$ T8 o" V. W& v2 c 92. Domestic embargo& v3 |& v* s! s+ @. Z
93. Blacklisting of traders. L& U4 n! l' d- A
94. International sellers’ embargo3 L2 d% x9 W$ d* F7 L( r
95. International buyers’ embargo- P7 u7 w. r0 |8 K8 u
96. International trade embargo
$ v0 G& R& \) X, a2 E$ H5 _2 B
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% X- x! @0 q7 M: |7 O& hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE/ c! R7 e. ^, B0 S& |
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5 p4 j$ l! W( l5 r5 q! t7 @( R- `) SSymbolic Strikes
/ b5 T1 ?/ m1 v: b+ C 97. Protest strike
. X$ k- l9 s; h) B% Q- L 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" ~' q8 x* }- l$ q2 U# S" u
7 @6 k4 a# {7 y$ T
Agricultural Strikes) ^9 {* z4 ? I8 h1 C3 K
99. Peasant strike6 v4 d6 G9 m& M! S8 d. \7 ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike
. n% [- Z# i. c" X& [( R
' g; J! a1 s+ |) D. |+ f* s0 YStrikes by Special Groups6 I9 @. T" z. ~- j8 i* E, [
101. Refusal of impressed labor- z) s+ T2 G4 y
102. Prisoners’ strike
3 L T# w. |, r3 j+ j 103. Craft strike
# A; h; l2 t. |: X: |& _- ~ 104. Professional strike7 k+ |0 ~) s- M b M& y, ^
; j" b6 F4 T0 }. N
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 f! [9 A* W- Q; Z6 `, H/ `* Y
105. Establishment strike/ T' k* Z6 [2 k. S/ r: A4 Y
106. Industry strike6 ?) O5 X8 A4 i* R1 P
107. Sympathetic strike
) y& V) c; Q9 a- \! ]' K
$ g8 p- T! _# v$ T# ]; N lRestricted Strikes
. ~+ |" ]3 l* f6 S; w 108. Detailed strike |: ^( o; ?; `5 Q2 e- N' L
109. Bumper strike) Y: @& U7 _; e: y
110. Slowdown strike, y2 `: N, H7 Y7 y
111. Working-to-rule strike
$ |! e+ P3 u$ \& [7 R( O 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( u5 M; U# _/ `. N& q, F4 V 113. Strike by resignation
# [5 V3 l3 _. r. G2 l: r: e 114. Limited strike
: }7 b; ]3 w) Y 115. Selective strike, X. Q8 A0 w/ W
5 }2 L* u3 r; X; }8 I+ O( ?
Multi-Industry Strikes
% P- i4 L5 x N4 \6 L0 s6 y- p2 y9 i" x- e! U* Q$ Z, P
116. Generalized strike- P' X b: e- Z4 U' x
# N& G9 v3 m; L, Z' Z' P! a 117. General strike
9 w( N, T+ j0 w( F5 r
. w3 z- e/ k, a, y9 w8 v) MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: F( T! q* v: A3 v9 v( ^4 r# \. @4 R
118. Hartal x; p/ Y( T* _8 L' E; n" `0 ^( D
6 H5 O9 j: h' K) S, c' Z
119. Economic shutdown
; G% A; {2 t6 l, l Q7 U' n+ E& w8 H. D3 h" k: n7 a; c0 e& J& `
z2 d- A0 V( R
! u9 E0 ~! J- z" b" ATHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( |, H& C! A* v% _$ s
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- \2 @7 N& K' c3 ^, z# l* ^7 s9 XRejection of Authority
9 ~, Z- a* S5 {; R& r 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# b' g1 ?9 F, L3 e1 P1 \
121. Refusal of public support
- D/ {0 L7 N4 \; \2 k0 a/ k$ ^ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ G4 N4 x8 W6 u) p. H9 h
8 k! h( K& p1 A6 J1 a: i* dCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 y, q% C+ N" i/ {! x. N 123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 I# r# C- z0 r5 c
124. Boycott of elections/ @# C/ K% `1 B4 O: ?" A# p1 N
125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 f7 V7 a" h# k- `+ v
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- D1 O0 B/ z, ~6 q; O4 o
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ m' O/ E4 |6 {0 q& ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% |; [$ A: w, J 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 F) y' I7 {, f, J6 N3 Z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* G/ S# @2 w# q. t& V+ `
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! J% w& m& f. ?8 t7 ^5 |
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 @5 _ c: K- z; a) A% i2 s7 Y
5 `) `" c( }3 h! a9 |) zCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: U$ p. K) k6 D2 O3 h* H
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 c; h" w4 G8 s/ h3 S 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, T Z& t! ~; k% y- N2 g 135. Popular nonobedience
% \( A) u( F5 I3 e 136. Disguised disobedience' K- Z- j. S- h5 K' y2 x) x
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: I$ j( u! P) f( ^ 138. Sitdown
1 r( y' n3 o1 c& J- b 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& c$ b! u) d5 x- g7 _6 Q# l/ e
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* {0 I. N2 g& ? 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( w! b3 h3 ?! U p
) ~8 i6 E- }7 D, [
Action by Government Personnel
) ]. C, u, s& v0 _ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' E% _" ?: G B! I' M2 V: ?3 T 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) X) i. D; h3 [+ _" ^ w7 F' z 144. Stalling and obstruction
: s. Q) ?* X. l) g0 Y' A' F 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 c( h* n2 r6 [! K" G u
0 p1 @. [1 I2 e' L! {# v 146. Judicial noncooperation
% N: Y# @4 x. [/ [ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ q- f& y7 U Y1 ] 148. Mutiny
' H! G1 t0 o* f/ h' YDomestic Governmental Action
5 f& T* Q4 ?, \6 t% i2 H- h$ B2 w 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 d: P+ p% d( w4 k. C0 T# o$ S1 T
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 x8 ^' |2 v) `# z$ T$ {5 V0 g% W& M$ b# v8 Z' h+ v: K
International Governmental Action4 m/ ~# M& q& P9 N; d/ O# }; W
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# V9 M2 F' w: l+ \, V7 K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events f9 @0 V' D# H
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 G# b, x' \# b; G# k; _5 F/ t 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! {& }6 z! r- n" L2 E/ `; } 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 n" n+ y6 l* K 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! z& R9 r$ o9 g+ D& [- J 157. Expulsion from international organizations p5 D8 L5 V+ F7 N& S
: a/ s; d+ Q/ x; S 8 H0 B6 C% s5 B; d+ x6 T
% `9 s+ `9 [6 ~1 m$ [THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
5 L8 z* F- Q* M9 D7 ?
* V! T8 i6 y! i( n/ ^0 N' w : U. c9 ~5 L- A9 c/ O$ @9 F7 ~
Psychological Intervention% F; L x# I' L% F) P( R6 k& X
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' k# s3 R9 J, M { 159. The fast
6 |3 H8 f/ z! `- F$ | a) Fast of moral pressure) W5 D4 \$ O8 m2 L1 X5 ?# y3 `
b) Hunger strike
, a3 p# D, r J c) Satyagrahic fast8 ]0 V- ^( F6 }$ G! p5 W/ `, q& w
160. Reverse trial- _ ^% S6 E2 O: g) s
161. Nonviolent harassment; N: G$ `- i* I) {7 v
& j* m5 k3 r4 c- a
Physical Intervention
' S8 a0 B7 f1 i1 D; }0 j. M 162. Sit-in: H. B* Q- b: v! ^8 K" c
163. Stand-in- s3 s, \; Y! ?8 [0 ^" o" a
164. Ride-in
4 Z. e6 W4 l$ p D- n1 d& T! d5 u 165. Wade-in
7 A! Q4 _8 G3 Q+ q* l- K/ c# X 166. Mill-in
/ Z, F! g6 {3 F$ _- N/ H/ m 167. Pray-in
0 p2 e3 v* Z4 M+ p* ~0 S4 U 168. Nonviolent raids
e; M/ G4 [0 r6 M 169. Nonviolent air raids
; f6 f; h' `: v1 M9 F$ B0 Q 170. Nonviolent invasion! ]( c* H& h! S1 s9 r1 T
171. Nonviolent interjection9 F/ ` ]$ d" x5 v& I
172. Nonviolent obstruction8 ]; N; K1 g! V; n3 k$ T6 b: f7 Q
173. Nonviolent occupation
8 M( n! _) H% i3 y! b6 T, d2 B S9 L6 M& t- i
Social Intervention
$ Z7 M$ z) I3 v8 W 174. Establishing new social patterns5 y, K6 ?# F3 u! p
175. Overloading of facilities/ `, a* O. [" C# a2 V+ {. g2 M
176. Stall-in
% D5 _4 B* Y/ ` 177. Speak-in8 H( f' D$ z, i V/ r+ [
178. Guerrilla theater
7 K/ |" `$ S0 P- E8 h 179. Alternative social institutions! U3 R0 _! _8 h3 r$ `
180. Alternative communication system
3 D! l( B4 \* }3 h
+ v# U" S7 P, \3 _/ z2 `" dEconomic Intervention
4 \1 D- u4 t8 R {* X% \8 j 181. Reverse strike
/ Q7 i$ h; V. N 182. Stay-in strike. B5 }% `7 ?. n* K! B: X
183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ c: V" ^9 ~5 J! z" U 184. Defiance of blockades
0 z( G( o, k- g3 m' B* e 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 g4 i9 u6 H" n$ u 186. Preclusive purchasing
! v, m7 Z( q3 d* [4 p* i. F 187. Seizure of assets
: T) W# W1 F6 o2 R. U- { 188. Dumping
$ t: S+ S( T7 A! v4 [. l; p 189. Selective patronage
1 H( p; V' {; e: O$ X 190. Alternative markets
" ]) i/ a6 L& q$ k( O 191. Alternative transportation systems
) A& c. \% m1 O! Y( x+ @- K 192. Alternative economic institutions* C# w$ u( m; J" _
8 e( ]( z3 z+ _+ W, `
Political Intervention
! i! P. k2 c$ v, @ 193. Overloading of administrative systems U1 S1 A* k6 u$ w) f# a4 H
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 w9 V Z9 g6 }1 x0 K& \+ X: b 195. Seeking imprisonment, q5 @5 L0 X5 V' A
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# | @+ ^6 V0 F! s n e 197. Work-on without collaboration. R5 \7 W# v0 e
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 c) K E% \8 @6 P4 A& V: c
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
