 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" t$ W; y& _% @1 W) q3 H, A
Formal Statements
7 i ?" x; @3 A$ I! ` 1. Public Speeches
6 r/ Y$ ?7 j- ^, }8 ^ 2. Letters of opposition or support
' L. J8 d+ L" V* k) q& z% s" l, H 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ Q" P3 c% }0 M$ B" v
4. Signed public statements
- M! l3 R& A2 H, T( i: ]) z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, s8 |$ ~0 `* \$ R 6. Group or mass petitions1 n7 n- v, @9 d, @" Z) x" Y
4 a, e* L$ a! S* m0 a* J
Communications with a Wider Audience& J8 R# _; K: ]( A
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols! G4 x8 a$ `) m7 q
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; } b/ w8 o5 O6 d# { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 `: H0 x; w& D, U" F 10. Newspapers and journals
0 i: F# p2 Q$ X 11. Records, radio, and television
- K9 {5 i0 F+ ?+ Q% l! [: Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting( k1 W/ c8 g L: f! o
4 Z+ O# q/ Z, P( l$ ~) h
Group Representations# U$ ?8 e$ p8 q5 z, m
13. Deputations1 M# g7 F$ J8 M) m% I, ]
14. Mock awards
. \4 o7 s' A& x 15. Group lobbying) p' U v, z8 M7 S2 b
16. Picketing
$ m$ B( b- F9 Y! M) S 17. Mock elections9 w+ A, P$ h, y
3 I; |! X W! |( Q% ~4 Y( I9 ]+ [! ]Symbolic Public Acts. z+ i, Y8 C5 J1 x) D- _ M
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) [/ ~3 ]3 E# X" N- D
19. Wearing of symbols( s; Y* Y7 r# Z7 c' m; U
20. Prayer and worship
8 b/ C4 w! r4 _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects0 J, I0 W8 B+ K9 ]( ^- i
22. Protest disrobings
- t# ?" C/ o1 C3 s 23. Destruction of own property6 [4 d; _4 R+ N4 Q/ E3 b
24. Symbolic lights
$ T* \3 S5 j5 @ 25. Displays of portraits/ _/ }1 y2 R. ?" u& U& j
26. Paint as protest
+ Y" x% i% ]+ p 27. New signs and names0 C4 A/ ~6 |9 u0 y
28. Symbolic sounds
8 W; |; F! U5 Y 29. Symbolic reclamations B) ~% Z4 W& k+ Y4 l' [2 V5 ?0 ?
30. Rude gestures6 ~" u: z7 a: B; i
* |$ @2 j; q7 F7 f/ F$ `9 {; B
Pressures on Individuals
% ~5 F0 b9 p. s- m. M: g 31. “Haunting” officials
0 U% z- Q) Y# \& @ 32. Taunting officials
) F. ~( ?: d& S! o( m% T& S2 y, _ 33. Fraternization
; i6 ?1 h' v6 X6 ~+ s 34. Vigils
. s; w" o& ?: |8 o7 ^( x3 g% r! X( { t/ z7 v
Drama and Music
{. M' X+ @* }* y0 m 35. Humorous skits and pranks4 B' n' y; B3 m. G
36. Performances of plays and music
3 E5 p! Q# L( W4 q5 q0 { 37. Singing" Y8 ?+ r, |* O6 s `% |1 T, e
! m; p, h4 J/ S; ^2 N/ L
Processions
/ I0 w" G7 E8 x& l, a, n 38. Marches
( D6 b; }0 R# @- s7 u2 F 39. Parades9 K, \8 `/ ^7 l' I. p
40. Religious processions
, M, U0 e3 X. `+ o. D. E7 z* U 41. Pilgrimages/ o" e, S2 j$ j
42. Motorcades
. h$ w& S# I# a$ e; p2 f. G& k( S; Z
Honoring the Dead
/ U3 r# R/ z6 M. M* P 43. Political mourning
- U9 a/ |/ k) A! L, K6 V/ y 44. Mock funerals1 a" p1 e& r5 B2 d" C
45. Demonstrative funerals
& j7 J/ I5 E" d2 O 46. Homage at burial places0 h) y: P4 G( U a* x8 p
' O4 z% g7 f8 `/ x3 JPublic Assemblies
5 C m% M8 d( `7 m6 f2 h 47. Assemblies of protest or support1 {; \6 m, C" w) ^
48. Protest meetings
. C, m/ N, W& N9 [. } R 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 L, x3 O. d: m5 {& v' y. J1 C 50. Teach-ins
: T2 [$ h- i+ x" h8 O2 _& p, q; M! [: s. Y, C3 o' w/ }
Withdrawal and Renunciation b2 c" @ E) f6 x( Y$ M- K% S/ W
51. Walk-outs: U2 W; b( d/ C# q9 D- O
52. Silence
3 _+ f: v* e. J5 }8 q3 _ 53. Renouncing honors
4 f3 P$ s; g5 |+ P 54. Turning one’s back; N, R) Z4 v" r' }. p/ S, \0 S
& h$ M1 s# J8 D1 j% e % q( e1 f e; ?
3 G, ?" I# R- H, sTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, u- P) M2 D1 Z* L
( ?: A; W$ J8 V, j9 q3 Q& s 7 v6 Y; B+ Y+ X+ M/ e
2 b# q! t/ d% _Ostracism of Persons4 M% C% U2 j1 A1 b- l
55. Social boycott, G% ?, M ^! ?) }7 W$ j a( y
56. Selective social boycott1 g, v4 L& v" F! s% @! U; a7 I5 F
57. Lysistratic nonaction: T P. E& n0 Q, U) Q
58. Excommunication$ b, t; B$ m- X6 n
59. Interdict% U$ H: `1 K& c: F+ Z C
; W$ a8 M& F2 s* P0 j1 X
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- L. h7 n" k. w) j2 E5 D
60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ Q3 B# f; U3 H5 G, {
61. Boycott of social affairs8 ~$ Z5 a% ?5 b' V" w' Q* u, y
62. Student strike
2 x2 n D& [+ p$ t5 p 63. Social disobedience; T+ E9 h7 ]: W' f3 M4 N( U# F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' J% Z* e! [. F1 ~' {
D3 r' G: Y, G6 O1 bWithdrawal from the Social System$ G0 b2 ]8 {3 Y3 A9 R) }
65. Stay-at-home
Z. G3 E8 {! @7 O) Z% i 66. Total personal noncooperation
5 `+ p* M( E( L8 g* H9 ?. | 67. “Flight” of workers6 \6 T7 m4 @, L9 c- @5 j2 E! [
68. Sanctuary
7 p/ I8 h; ^, J! w' g$ H 69. Collective disappearance
/ {- A. i: y; K8 P& ^5 N 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 b$ y- [* N6 H$ V: d' l S/ d, p* K$ Z
9 t8 h0 X+ i) m9 V' N9 c7 U
s0 q" S! r1 j, W7 o* eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* v7 H9 V2 S- I
) R; ?- v2 ^. \" G. O* E 6 I8 f' B$ ^8 g9 b9 j/ l
Actions by Consumers
: x$ g# d& [8 \/ d; j 71. Consumers’ boycott
: S5 M/ }' t& K" c) Y5 b+ Z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) s, R6 c. r& V9 j
73. Policy of austerity& D) n- {# ]" L+ d8 q
74. Rent withholding' f+ @3 f4 I& f4 o* B( p- A
75. Refusal to rent
5 K H& }; d6 Q F5 W 76. National consumers’ boycott
3 G4 C5 {8 z) M! y6 y 77. International consumers’ boycott3 [5 L. e8 c) i3 R6 a: L& u; g
; T, B* f& \- c1 ~* |. qAction by Workers and Producers$ R+ @; @) S6 j9 ?! L. v% Z L
78. Workmen’s boycott ` g& w' v" C- G" v' }
79. Producers’ boycott$ y9 g; h' _: [9 n$ o
7 z& @: o! s/ k) T- F$ `: R5 C2 M! `
Action by Middlemen, g. M; n: K& ?5 h4 ^4 N) [4 B
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
, v) j$ B8 ]5 H9 g0 Y; Y7 e" j' U2 ?' |' k w9 G
Action by Owners and Management6 @# F% ]' G6 y' H4 z
81. Traders’ boycott( g* G) y! j+ d- ?* `. }
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! \! k! W% |# G3 ^ 83. Lockout
; |( h3 ?1 [; O 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 f) b# r; }7 j2 e 85. Merchants’ “general strike”* N: k0 b6 X u9 s9 M) w+ L
4 J& z* \1 T3 g7 jAction by Holders of Financial Resources
8 E" X; O! a3 } 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits* Q; `7 X# d4 o" f
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 V6 P! c' h h
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 K' ]* H3 i' f- O8 T3 c# d 89. Severance of funds and credit; t3 t+ a! Q# Z+ O" @
90. Revenue refusal
! L) N5 |6 P2 g; i* a7 D 91. Refusal of a government’s money) F' B: h3 J8 F* o
$ G0 C! |9 N% j! _. f# h9 d' GAction by Governments
% ~% s3 P/ _6 Q5 w4 r) h2 ]3 s/ K 92. Domestic embargo
- ?* E4 {; T0 @) i# q 93. Blacklisting of traders# t5 z6 Q% @0 N7 B1 n, M2 @
94. International sellers’ embargo4 Q& P8 t9 ?! `7 Q! l
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 |$ v; j+ w/ V0 |' u2 c+ v 96. International trade embargo
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8 t+ }2 s. F& o
! r& c3 w5 V( Z" @9 oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
u( w, g& `7 ?0 c! O# e/ B& ?+ \% r' i, |6 k, T3 U0 S
+ p; q. i0 Z6 m( x9 eSymbolic Strikes. g3 j: D6 y3 e! U8 f/ K) n1 h
97. Protest strike2 P6 w5 t( U; [, K# ^. m4 M2 ^9 \2 K
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 {) R. q/ \5 U1 r7 P5 X& K4 |* {/ s+ f' Y: K
Agricultural Strikes& Y6 o( u. Q) c( g
99. Peasant strike8 E6 r( Q3 V* Y4 R% v* S+ e0 `' b/ I
100. Farm Workers’ strike
% n8 n7 u q. N: W9 T
# i5 g' e: R9 H1 q2 S! O: KStrikes by Special Groups
/ ~7 r1 w, \0 G8 g 101. Refusal of impressed labor3 D" e2 S( u2 t8 ~9 R2 P
102. Prisoners’ strike
, M8 i3 ?* [5 f' C, R3 G 103. Craft strike4 F& E/ ~2 X" }: f) m
104. Professional strike
6 s! _" d' q3 ^5 v6 b/ F9 y' o$ B1 l3 O, H. w/ Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 m6 E. W) v, T 105. Establishment strike$ y, U& ~' _) ?% P, e/ O' c
106. Industry strike. i0 z6 R+ e. [
107. Sympathetic strike7 q4 O7 R1 W/ I
. X2 f; B! {0 G4 T& `$ n
Restricted Strikes
5 f/ E6 b0 j% x1 x% l 108. Detailed strike
3 Z5 H S/ x8 b; Y: N5 K 109. Bumper strike
2 I& D' `' x _( ~ |2 X3 v 110. Slowdown strike( G3 }( ]4 D; u7 F
111. Working-to-rule strike8 `% H9 v( {* T6 z$ t" ?
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 L! c0 i% p( C. c' e: r7 I7 j% S* ?8 N( [ 113. Strike by resignation' a/ R5 g* m' H' c1 X% m$ G, b
114. Limited strike- D! O# [: @0 t' V5 _/ d8 M: c
115. Selective strike
1 X# `( W$ s4 G2 O* u! {! A7 a
( d+ O4 t$ g8 m, JMulti-Industry Strikes' @9 V, x8 Q7 s) s/ j7 G: t
- F% U6 [! `6 l+ {: F 116. Generalized strike
, k% F! G3 f/ P3 o
' F9 K/ \: A: {# n 117. General strike3 H# p0 ~7 E4 i( R; D0 T4 _3 ^ J
+ S+ `. X7 l5 X. x3 q7 VCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( G) Z7 s4 P9 I
( P' U' e* F0 r- L! y 118. Hartal( Q# h/ j. h b3 M. s( x6 |8 `7 F
" Q- a0 p( x) T4 p7 t) d! H
119. Economic shutdown# a( w. j- q" ^% G
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1 d' g% L% I6 J+ a3 D- [2 r: ~" }( g$ k, G3 [) b
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
, y8 N- d8 N- U/ C 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( A: w) _# C, i# x" @
121. Refusal of public support4 i- z/ o* D& x! o( b& I
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 ~( {# o* v% X& B6 ]/ O/ Z' ]/ w
# {6 r& W( z; k/ LCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- W6 N/ K* q! E! S! a8 T- Z# ]. b 123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 x- T: r& `+ k1 ?. Y# n, Y3 w
124. Boycott of elections; e* J: n( x$ a d c$ C% {8 W
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, U7 ]1 i* J, W# K0 _& w 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 O) t" {! r* e 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, i( b; x; T, O0 W7 t5 V! ^
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 x- S. P0 i7 n: z: d6 {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 n- P" J0 c7 L1 d' s7 F! V- Y0 M( @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks1 F; |) F1 J6 r
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. J3 D$ s$ o/ }! _) o5 [5 z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ V) a# i2 A5 H- A( }
( @- }, S' y; Y4 Q1 P6 C: MCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" o# V0 K; W8 U) o: V
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( m. Y2 L- c( M- \; D" @ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. ]/ m- v+ ]. c" O; I' N" K+ H! w K5 b 135. Popular nonobedience* n: \8 A) Q( f9 s
136. Disguised disobedience
, u z( j+ t' h 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 `7 a, S1 q) c. I/ V6 h8 M$ u 138. Sitdown
% y) u2 O+ r& I: y6 m0 A# a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 Q2 z% [, r+ I
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) g# R" b8 A) s, e' O; _/ o1 C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! \' D% E& f" J1 f- }
* w3 K" c M& D+ i" g) Y4 \. L
Action by Government Personnel2 t4 C. I0 W% K" d: s0 n. l7 q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
t8 w) k g* T 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 r/ L- D9 t y: B 144. Stalling and obstruction+ Y& |4 `$ b# l
145. General administrative noncooperation
( ` l$ Z6 D" h" v
! u/ t8 ~2 F! U) i) p/ A+ ` 146. Judicial noncooperation9 y7 S% G d5 l2 A% A
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 q K9 E6 ^& o& x! M9 x8 M' }4 {5 q
148. Mutiny
$ \; k; Z5 Z6 _, x9 MDomestic Governmental Action! S* B8 A# r/ }" ` ?
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 J) c2 o( g" o4 |" k' }1 D2 h; @ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ z5 Q9 ], J0 U9 F
5 U$ ~. ~0 r/ m$ O! \! t' U
International Governmental Action
( W/ V0 h& P) s* w; G 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" j" w$ E7 `2 ]: V% J6 G) s- P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 _- [! W7 H# \) h0 u' h
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' U! N# ~5 ]' W7 Z0 H& V 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# k0 S8 O' J& h: w0 O
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 w8 O: _8 t+ A2 R! L& X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 m# t. X2 q1 U2 L: J
157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 t1 V+ z& j$ G1 M0 B+ o
4 ]3 _9 G- ?7 H. ~- D. |: m/ a ! \' N$ ~# T) P5 w1 \- K9 a
0 a% H1 O _4 b+ `, `/ ATHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 q5 q4 O z' T. M6 d5 L7 T& ?% q7 V& B/ F4 q; J9 H
2 E- l. n z; }1 r- P/ I- IPsychological Intervention
{: I# h- ?, s/ `3 K 158. Self-exposure to the elements9 T V5 H' V! v" J( E
159. The fast2 v+ B+ v" o6 c9 J1 p1 E* r
a) Fast of moral pressure! M q* Y* I9 }( J, y4 P
b) Hunger strike
# D8 }: b! v; r# U5 u c) Satyagrahic fast" F" K+ v3 u) W# t6 I
160. Reverse trial
- F% L; Z/ j- L: R: h$ a1 O 161. Nonviolent harassment- Q- n. _3 B6 G
$ B4 J- _; u* m
Physical Intervention
# A3 Z1 d$ g, m* M# N- J- g! X 162. Sit-in5 p0 Y) N* [. U
163. Stand-in5 u- J% ?; d" S: k/ n" d
164. Ride-in' V+ s; I2 L U/ S: w
165. Wade-in
% ?8 V+ N8 p( _+ r5 l, A9 o. r- z 166. Mill-in. R: m9 `0 b6 D9 o& d
167. Pray-in, ]* b/ X, p) z
168. Nonviolent raids9 W- Z" ]; W9 j! |& c4 U# V# X
169. Nonviolent air raids
& B2 T9 F ~/ k 170. Nonviolent invasion% q2 f9 s% w* V. C* d0 ]
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 [. l X L8 L+ j5 k# | 172. Nonviolent obstruction- j( }6 r* ?. G
173. Nonviolent occupation
H8 k4 n# ~3 |9 Y. V
& ~( c3 y3 Z/ r; f- l+ v) H; zSocial Intervention9 U. `/ \9 l) D$ P3 l
174. Establishing new social patterns
: U2 D: R! N8 Z- q( u) E4 z; y0 W& h 175. Overloading of facilities$ g3 c( n% q7 _
176. Stall-in; W' ]) U5 K+ ~# e! Y
177. Speak-in
( t8 b0 H; {/ u8 w# \* E 178. Guerrilla theater
" [2 w( V: w" j! ^+ \ 179. Alternative social institutions
; B' g) N4 f. b; P/ F5 l 180. Alternative communication system
9 B8 v) c! C3 j% {
, Q9 y) M# D. T) F n. DEconomic Intervention( c3 N$ s* j& S$ }6 y
181. Reverse strike9 {+ r$ Y5 V/ A! {& h
182. Stay-in strike3 L" ^' V" s) G
183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 {( E: {1 l# ]7 o* q; m 184. Defiance of blockades
+ ~2 m; H+ z, _( G# ~$ ~ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' I. R$ \* G5 M! U/ f 186. Preclusive purchasing& k$ L; W5 g, S8 a) v, p4 f8 y
187. Seizure of assets/ P* x' b& m+ ~/ S+ N
188. Dumping& N: ?# _! r( @4 @8 m# h
189. Selective patronage+ d; K' |) d u( t7 t+ }
190. Alternative markets( A) z- }+ L$ e% k0 c) ]
191. Alternative transportation systems* N3 a1 K4 T2 S- o' e9 V+ {0 h
192. Alternative economic institutions
& I( u1 K9 u @7 _& L, W" ~, `( N0 [$ @" `, M
Political Intervention5 G$ ~! m6 V5 H3 @$ a4 u
193. Overloading of administrative systems6 G3 y4 o3 `9 U: ~4 ]
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( r6 v- s* s% Y+ z$ o3 |+ \- G 195. Seeking imprisonment6 M5 c- p9 v; q- G1 f$ f
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! O! S! R9 F# N
197. Work-on without collaboration
6 O. S/ k' M: G, y8 I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
( _3 L- H4 k$ ~6 k% B' W3 A+ t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
