 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' `+ I/ y6 @8 e0 P. q2 `Formal Statements
; y+ |1 o! B$ ~" }6 b; p 1. Public Speeches
$ U) u/ b( S! A: e+ s$ M# @ L 2. Letters of opposition or support
3 ?) F4 a1 ] i 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 q' s |+ H/ Q) L4 E+ T* B 4. Signed public statements5 H _' z0 h/ i" V! G; k: \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, S5 d6 h: H) C9 C* p
6. Group or mass petitions- F( \5 y6 X. s8 `
' k1 p- J+ q6 m5 HCommunications with a Wider Audience
6 Z* t. }; K3 T& q) O. d* k 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' P* Q. S+ m% p+ K/ D
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 J( o+ E, p5 u 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- X3 L' ]9 p6 e 10. Newspapers and journals" W5 j3 k* A! W& y7 i3 ^: ~5 H
11. Records, radio, and television) ` j( A! s9 t9 s+ B: e
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: o: |( @ ?2 h4 x O+ K. [( s6 h, `8 y7 P' y; q
Group Representations$ }; P, h& P- A% ^# m
13. Deputations
- b" h [& q) l 14. Mock awards r5 r, y9 o1 |) V
15. Group lobbying2 i) k' b8 H& p6 ?0 y4 S: c7 y
16. Picketing
7 o- W3 x( E1 U$ P8 h( ?. B 17. Mock elections( Q; }+ \- ~" n9 c. L
5 b2 s3 [5 `! w7 Q
Symbolic Public Acts; S5 W$ w- [" t7 J
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 M" j! j M) Q/ v* c( U7 e! | 19. Wearing of symbols
0 @2 [0 h! T3 U4 s( x 20. Prayer and worship
, [8 h: G! q. b- v& q 21. Delivering symbolic objects3 z4 Y, x# q* D) l4 @
22. Protest disrobings; e8 b6 ]; Q/ W) V( h# q. [3 o
23. Destruction of own property- u' w z$ t, W7 H0 I: L
24. Symbolic lights
, Z& i/ I# z' D/ w" N 25. Displays of portraits" X" h* Z" t1 q. x# g5 k5 C2 Z
26. Paint as protest
+ p: W. k ~. V" B 27. New signs and names" y5 |. T% y: A% T% F- b
28. Symbolic sounds/ k! g4 `4 a4 [7 h2 A4 \; u
29. Symbolic reclamations. C- j5 V- a' K: f' H% t
30. Rude gestures
; J* I% ]2 f# w8 S( z. q- \, N
+ U. b; D8 ]* N: N( YPressures on Individuals4 N% x) c: [5 f( _7 Y4 {+ S+ ^ W
31. “Haunting” officials5 F h2 a" z4 I6 {" B, r6 A$ }
32. Taunting officials
7 P5 O0 s8 K2 G& c 33. Fraternization
( y% W: o0 S1 I N7 l 34. Vigils
6 A. a+ l( @ w# T; r. ~% ~2 t6 o3 j+ x( ^: P; Q; l" F* N
Drama and Music! B# F7 d1 j; m" I0 W% U7 u
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 l4 M- V5 }! o* K9 _+ G 36. Performances of plays and music% e0 ]6 K, [7 @7 g' x( c9 G. z$ C) U8 m
37. Singing9 ~- ^4 k& e; y
! M" z9 i! V) ^6 P& w/ J9 z$ iProcessions) I) H% h1 t' K5 y1 ?) o
38. Marches
4 ~( ^7 R3 H7 J" { 39. Parades" ^7 C) t' W8 g- \7 E7 L3 V
40. Religious processions
! h8 u% C0 {1 i& c7 u" O 41. Pilgrimages
- l/ t3 o6 J3 s" g3 j% Y 42. Motorcades
0 |3 @2 o! v. r' x$ P9 U; w9 W: d+ u- a3 O% I
Honoring the Dead8 ^3 U5 q; i0 q2 m+ e( R! a
43. Political mourning
5 ] ]7 J k; Q; C. A 44. Mock funerals
+ a9 p0 o- C0 ?8 D- }% p 45. Demonstrative funerals
`1 U/ y- [' P: ? 46. Homage at burial places1 O( f# X0 F5 F% @2 J# I
0 E1 D5 W( K. M+ d) M4 MPublic Assemblies
- L7 e+ \! n. a( u6 L' y 47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ v& `( s4 V5 L7 k 48. Protest meetings
2 M: \! {; s6 p& S; y% V 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, K1 W- v9 B, N( P) h4 w! ] 50. Teach-ins+ I9 D0 a# q4 \
# Z! m2 X8 {+ s$ hWithdrawal and Renunciation* W7 W {, T% v( O- k& w5 s
51. Walk-outs7 u% y. Z/ r" |4 V6 c
52. Silence
7 i& C. X9 y( c$ n& V+ A 53. Renouncing honors- g9 t& m0 T) v9 ]2 [
54. Turning one’s back3 j( B6 `$ a- ~! f3 w; v' X
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 y. T9 I5 u! ^& x; k6 H2 k8 K# @- g9 o! O" q
1 d- I( c" `, e: n3 j
& Y3 v- T( ~# E3 }- wOstracism of Persons
4 i9 `# z9 T# J, {& m% X 55. Social boycott
( B- D0 ?+ d% v/ U4 S" k% t/ D# l 56. Selective social boycott2 I7 F! U$ V$ H% x
57. Lysistratic nonaction2 \1 a$ S( b; z: V1 U3 Q
58. Excommunication9 b/ z+ `, b' e" i
59. Interdict$ _" _- m2 W8 T5 o0 b
% o( d' _2 y5 E
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; G W" D4 h# n7 _& U
60. Suspension of social and sports activities) x+ ^" E( {# x) H9 g; ?/ K
61. Boycott of social affairs
8 C2 ]- g% i% a+ R$ g$ e 62. Student strike5 D' `6 m. _! Y" H5 U
63. Social disobedience
9 i' |. z6 C% J 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. K/ ^$ r6 K3 \ A
% K/ ^; g; f& L* c" T# g5 rWithdrawal from the Social System
% J H: A- V5 t" @" O7 e, G 65. Stay-at-home! Q* D5 N& |) C8 d% n
66. Total personal noncooperation5 o: c6 m) p4 m) D
67. “Flight” of workers
' f: z; f+ { s( [' _ 68. Sanctuary: y% M: {( U; g% n! J
69. Collective disappearance
3 I2 q; U5 A3 u7 P& N 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% F. f& N& Z3 Q5 s, J) e
4 n- A) H0 N/ B8 }; I$ R# i. F
! ~3 _* N& u' s i) o7 x# j x) d8 l" U
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# b2 [1 `7 [% b% s: K, G
5 }, A5 y9 a- q& f% i) B1 A" z
6 L0 g: o6 W6 u# r! W: P HActions by Consumers3 g, Y3 |; K4 N2 M
71. Consumers’ boycott
4 ]7 G& I% I& K4 o$ I! X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! x$ h" ]. T% b# F. G, z 73. Policy of austerity& q# s+ q% [7 e1 s3 ~/ w% Q
74. Rent withholding9 s2 W9 x* r: V6 o) W% X+ |; `. Y" [
75. Refusal to rent+ J' w& G3 |6 L' H
76. National consumers’ boycott
T4 `+ Q% j$ b' j5 ?% s 77. International consumers’ boycott2 ~, E3 E# i8 d% j( _5 E0 M
& D( k8 V J; d& u" f: S2 @8 J4 ^
Action by Workers and Producers
% V5 x4 D( Z/ U; ?1 }& x0 x 78. Workmen’s boycott
5 [6 n( o7 |1 t$ C" F" f4 r 79. Producers’ boycott2 _* e% R7 S& U9 o0 _% {! \* G E
6 j) N2 R. p( q7 d9 y5 pAction by Middlemen
9 e/ W! L) c/ l" f; ^3 @6 o a$ [# D# H 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 A# X) I- c: p. k4 W( D: y9 R& W* O
Action by Owners and Management/ M+ Q, [! | @. p
81. Traders’ boycott8 q! }1 X- g) N/ X
82. Refusal to let or sell property) z6 w4 L- u5 B2 x% F6 m
83. Lockout
, {# T2 b4 d) L# Q3 K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance* q) T$ B- Y3 F4 P; v: X# X" Y6 D: V& _
85. Merchants’ “general strike”% O# i( G8 C; E0 P% J
3 s* D, F- q$ P2 e( E
Action by Holders of Financial Resources. j g$ @/ I9 u6 P- E4 V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) j8 q( B$ u& s4 D* G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, n1 _: g+ q7 y$ y. J% a; @ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, m C: o b, q
89. Severance of funds and credit5 |: a9 E( d: _/ Y- h8 O& p
90. Revenue refusal) Z5 C! s* p% I& r' _+ h5 E9 K
91. Refusal of a government’s money7 Q- O1 q# F6 p7 i
- M; _- p# D3 q* ~' S7 `Action by Governments9 }* I/ a! c$ J7 ?
92. Domestic embargo! {8 R6 u6 }5 N# M
93. Blacklisting of traders
" V# m, p) p0 P0 G6 ~7 W9 y$ Q* r3 J 94. International sellers’ embargo
: Q' V" N5 X C( B( { 95. International buyers’ embargo
! w) ?1 D* `0 N: ?6 \ 96. International trade embargo
. \% ^- L2 W$ R n+ t% K# d5 D" ^ z: k4 h* a' @. [
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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0 k* c6 K1 P1 o7 k3 I' @ 5 q% ?/ @' s% @* O# D
Symbolic Strikes* X& x" g5 B' u+ G+ l
97. Protest strike% D% E# |% N& X6 W
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 d* v# E( D1 X2 B [3 z x1 t/ X5 r2 L
Agricultural Strikes" {2 r U) V5 ?4 m
99. Peasant strike
5 [( f9 y; u6 z+ a& U0 H3 s8 N 100. Farm Workers’ strike
: z Q3 }; w9 B/ u3 b. q
' ^* Y5 Z7 ]* h: p9 nStrikes by Special Groups) a% h$ v- {5 Q% q
101. Refusal of impressed labor( {/ u( s4 {5 C8 T
102. Prisoners’ strike/ \4 K9 M1 p! A2 V6 m3 e
103. Craft strike
& t( \# S9 }1 K2 O' C0 [ 104. Professional strike- |2 O3 B( S, r. \. I: l
, r( u% \5 d6 U- f+ Z8 O: j, Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
: B4 n. G: c6 Q 105. Establishment strike4 \$ z5 n. P9 Q% Z) S) @: D8 g
106. Industry strike
6 [7 Q. m! s; o0 q* }4 x& ` 107. Sympathetic strike
9 u5 e0 h' V" H2 n; v# T4 ^
' d+ u& d1 s$ c6 m, l0 a$ VRestricted Strikes
$ `9 _+ ^+ \# W+ D 108. Detailed strike
" i$ @ `! N, w* N3 _; @ 109. Bumper strike L5 {% Q4 T% L+ v6 }3 g$ w
110. Slowdown strike
$ S1 M5 B3 _0 O! T* K" [ 111. Working-to-rule strike
$ g' p+ e- o# z$ k5 j 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: m. ]7 e+ J& i* w/ Q 113. Strike by resignation7 W. \' t/ [7 f' m1 Q
114. Limited strike) f+ Y! c7 U. v v% _- k% [
115. Selective strike
, S R% f! q3 o$ p$ s: d0 L
' x5 s; u# `! O2 m$ PMulti-Industry Strikes( i& L" u A# E
& F. A. O- _! E& s, ^( y* @ 116. Generalized strike
. O9 E L+ @. w) E$ w& l
, @$ }; _7 M; H# k 117. General strike
7 Z! a; m7 }4 M0 W4 J" e: Z+ x% i, x* L
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ A8 w: ?0 `7 g3 n- F
" i# L+ C6 Q; E5 U3 J+ [- s; c) V 118. Hartal
; ], u6 n! o6 Y9 c5 ~0 q3 a' X5 q& O/ c" U5 K+ \
119. Economic shutdown
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( f7 C8 \8 S3 v: X7 P* v
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ |, _3 ?, y6 F" Q+ q
: j! Z* S8 }$ r . B! w2 ^) y6 ?1 N0 k# @
Rejection of Authority7 v# N, I& K A
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 j2 a- ~5 H0 D( I' g! k$ @ 121. Refusal of public support
% @" N2 O4 U& t2 V+ T 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
" {( A. t, i3 Q5 p' l3 H* f% @' `' f ^
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* A9 U( q/ b0 n. Z1 L6 s
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ o9 W, s Y: a5 \: b
124. Boycott of elections
+ Z, i. a+ s- V3 p$ k4 w 125. Boycott of government employment and positions: }9 y8 {; g+ {. S
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies G# }& Q' r) N4 r
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# t' C5 U9 {, |1 r7 s 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 q+ T7 h+ w) O$ M; I" ^. q6 S
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 O% r- t9 |" W- i: h. X1 P) R2 j" j 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* ], E: f4 }4 C0 V% D 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 J2 Q3 H- v& `/ W! j 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# k. u: d% n* }# y, I
* j: s5 U$ S/ C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* r% C6 | e1 B% ]. c. k' |4 V% }
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 A4 l |2 R/ b+ M 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 U7 x+ ~2 H4 K; T7 j
135. Popular nonobedience. [8 z$ k5 d' H# x& [
136. Disguised disobedience% A. U. B) B1 h6 {; Q
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% `, y8 p0 |: w, W: v
138. Sitdown
: c4 L' d9 Y1 v/ ? 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ m; o) E. ~7 v( h3 x 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# b) J8 |& U3 U8 @# z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% I) E! L( |6 _2 u2 }' J8 a8 ~; P5 b
8 [+ e* q% n1 v1 o2 I" H; [
Action by Government Personnel7 z2 S; o. x0 K; U6 `5 R
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* ~6 h2 l* c* w6 V 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 f4 h# k/ \! \- o! r9 y5 a6 c' z/ N 144. Stalling and obstruction
) \$ C5 q, {) Y+ m& E 145. General administrative noncooperation- I) G, g( r) c" X
: y2 ]. U1 X7 | 146. Judicial noncooperation
8 a) Z5 T& A2 {9 a" ? 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( E6 O# b- Z g 148. Mutiny6 B7 A1 B b+ y$ Z
Domestic Governmental Action0 I! L6 a! j1 ?/ X+ w) i7 X
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! ]0 ^7 d2 s6 x1 [! H
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 z- I, }8 A2 c7 m* I
. ~! R. D7 @1 |; L4 t3 ZInternational Governmental Action( G1 h* `9 |, S1 b
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 h6 @) _$ i1 }, K4 z4 G
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 J, p" A+ f2 `9 H8 s7 v
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' M- ^6 T: U; w! G* ]1 C 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( _* i8 c+ k h- \6 B" k2 A/ P" [ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 R. o2 W) C' I& I4 I6 g$ D6 ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ C6 h% @. g' o9 u/ O4 e. K7 N
157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 ?5 c- {" ?1 g
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION v5 E: g5 q' T/ b, v7 p _+ N
8 ?, b3 _5 d* Y6 g! y, g
2 P# k4 v5 j8 N/ T/ tPsychological Intervention
# a; @& u0 P9 I0 y 158. Self-exposure to the elements k- @0 m y8 [9 U' s% ]$ p5 f
159. The fast
, ?, }- b/ @( I( r* o2 W0 g a) Fast of moral pressure3 T2 }: Y$ t8 G( `% m0 E: D: Q
b) Hunger strike5 j4 z2 D* E1 D
c) Satyagrahic fast
0 C9 {: z/ ^+ |! n% ~- D 160. Reverse trial
" ]. V0 [8 o8 o1 R& e 161. Nonviolent harassment
, g$ ?5 y5 `( g$ e
/ e$ B4 n' i8 ^+ \8 x3 G% s5 WPhysical Intervention% X. v9 |7 N8 y; X6 n
162. Sit-in0 L; Z1 X5 ^9 c! v! a' u) ]! r: C
163. Stand-in
0 o3 E; z* R* O- R4 y% E" _ 164. Ride-in
/ s0 m" e7 B5 @ 165. Wade-in
. u& R% |' D6 o1 Q! g' ~3 f 166. Mill-in. }: w: x: ]. e; T$ H
167. Pray-in# [! U" V/ r! A/ H, y2 i
168. Nonviolent raids
% f* s( S/ Y l$ U ^$ x" ^/ V 169. Nonviolent air raids3 K9 I% u0 q6 b
170. Nonviolent invasion
. L6 o% E$ q% |8 O6 S+ d 171. Nonviolent interjection8 L5 j& A' y' s) _ j* T: ]; n' X
172. Nonviolent obstruction- z( V& I/ \. G
173. Nonviolent occupation( F7 f7 l' R; ]. z2 o6 \
+ G& Y4 _; L. HSocial Intervention
5 C) w' u. [2 c; T 174. Establishing new social patterns! p4 e% D1 ^/ ?- @
175. Overloading of facilities
4 x3 c, u" U5 k6 I. ] 176. Stall-in& w/ a/ u K% N
177. Speak-in
* x" y- V1 [1 |% N2 v 178. Guerrilla theater
# I3 b9 D; H `3 h4 p 179. Alternative social institutions
! z i+ A1 W* t1 F0 C+ P4 O 180. Alternative communication system& Z7 z2 {0 W1 C! B
+ n8 c$ J$ p4 O. O) F
Economic Intervention M7 M, m. u8 s( ~
181. Reverse strike
) l3 `7 K* |7 C4 u 182. Stay-in strike
' T' h$ D w4 X% u H 183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ Y2 v @7 q3 H/ G" e/ G' ?+ c 184. Defiance of blockades
: }8 {3 H. G& g2 g 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
. R V8 C: b* @7 X" T 186. Preclusive purchasing
m" U( m" H: i0 R! N6 ? 187. Seizure of assets- R- f! w# d$ \. }& i$ U, i: h" @
188. Dumping
$ c# T$ ^3 L% z; J$ m2 f) { 189. Selective patronage
; i2 ]9 B4 X/ W% ^. \5 \( Z 190. Alternative markets5 j% ], w' }8 e) e2 e' @
191. Alternative transportation systems
. q+ X8 B/ \. c( F+ d" F 192. Alternative economic institutions9 ]8 F/ b; m; l) T! W- c
# [+ j) l) a! K5 ]
Political Intervention, H( K) D, X5 E5 V; F& D( C/ v+ S) R
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 o; V9 q( M& Y0 U6 i 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 B5 R4 E# @% N+ Y1 N0 a! H# E 195. Seeking imprisonment. c* c0 T/ I3 S" u
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) H0 N- h5 \3 O5 o$ O" @
197. Work-on without collaboration
$ D. Y' b6 u! v4 b 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- z/ g( Y) S% K) s4 V
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
