 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ k J' T! [/ e. \7 l
Formal Statements" X9 m! o8 v6 d1 {2 d* l
1. Public Speeches7 f1 _6 o( U0 G, H* t9 r+ P1 {
2. Letters of opposition or support1 x1 c q- |: O$ E: ]$ n8 ]- \ ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" O& \$ Q: G$ v8 `0 D% x 4. Signed public statements
: W1 m. d* {% ^: \1 Y( w9 F 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. q# g- D+ m/ t0 |( i 6. Group or mass petitions0 Z+ P0 F& A- [& A- K
0 N6 L B; E' I
Communications with a Wider Audience: l5 x+ E# N" ^2 [1 m+ L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, }6 L2 k; Q9 v; y1 t" o4 I 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
c" r! F! J3 w 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* ~8 L3 p3 E# _# l 10. Newspapers and journals
' A. F* U8 g9 R. A; H! o 11. Records, radio, and television
: ^; U, P2 L" _( c4 c, ~ } 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ {9 t: K" B$ q/ z) v7 c# H. `, X# h( k/ w" I5 b" i" W! b
Group Representations
. Q) B4 [) w5 g# \, {8 C; ]4 I 13. Deputations
; H, ~7 z, K6 j* }- X4 I 14. Mock awards
$ M+ q3 F- L2 E- _$ m& N% z$ }0 y 15. Group lobbying: i9 B' t4 U) j( l) F+ }
16. Picketing
' p2 z& C2 C4 z. z/ R 17. Mock elections
9 L M$ N) l/ }: R; ^: n/ ^, |9 f! t1 u. v& I1 M) m9 g6 x* } }; K
Symbolic Public Acts. e: X: Y5 W- F0 h; H- S) @
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 Z2 \% C8 k4 f% T$ a
19. Wearing of symbols
) a k W# D% F9 Q. N 20. Prayer and worship
8 u' ~7 V4 E, R- b) y J" r 21. Delivering symbolic objects7 W4 M+ Q. I9 ~" c* ?: o
22. Protest disrobings
4 }! |8 I" `0 U: T# J; x$ F 23. Destruction of own property
; v. g" r n6 o* P 24. Symbolic lights/ F/ R8 s' h6 _9 y0 H
25. Displays of portraits
. h; ?& S! L' G1 N8 K 26. Paint as protest
, d% v( Q/ L1 [4 z6 [8 _ 27. New signs and names
: G; N+ p, k5 j+ m1 H" z 28. Symbolic sounds# a4 R% B" Z* G/ x* b
29. Symbolic reclamations
9 c: F& {# ]6 z 30. Rude gestures) a7 U& e8 j8 D* m
; Z' Y9 Y8 h0 xPressures on Individuals, X& L# m7 t; ^2 T, J
31. “Haunting” officials
) g2 X; T, x" A2 T9 D- F! D5 |% J 32. Taunting officials6 e- l# s: V, ]
33. Fraternization9 Y3 ~) j) ^- Y8 c0 v" R
34. Vigils
" D) i$ U% z6 d% V! Z7 _- |$ Y( j7 L* c
Drama and Music
9 }1 `: G* A/ I; h 35. Humorous skits and pranks5 k, H- q3 U, K
36. Performances of plays and music
/ _$ _% }/ K* |8 Y ^# b8 S 37. Singing
% v0 t% c2 S$ e. H9 C
" b, f7 n8 G( ], bProcessions0 W% ]$ I B2 U1 r8 ]$ o
38. Marches
7 \% O Z0 p: _; V" T) ^ 39. Parades' s& M# \: K$ k
40. Religious processions
" ^+ O. n& l7 ?) b 41. Pilgrimages$ O+ r/ v$ l8 k
42. Motorcades
$ P, W: Q2 ~# [ L, Z1 X$ L! ` V' a* y" M9 z6 l, O
Honoring the Dead% L7 G& M3 i N" B
43. Political mourning% [+ T7 n4 \( G$ |) R W
44. Mock funerals
2 ~4 H8 q9 F) b6 n$ L 45. Demonstrative funerals, o% i: R( q/ G6 F* y5 s9 }* e
46. Homage at burial places3 |& O C, X7 q+ x* i) @5 i, c
" R) o4 F/ T0 y4 Q7 a6 H% n
Public Assemblies
% p8 @! P9 C. [/ J, u3 R% f! x 47. Assemblies of protest or support
- r$ o) X" P- {5 a% } 48. Protest meetings
5 g% p3 B/ c% M8 ^& q, @! X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: h' X' `; n- w: {7 ] 50. Teach-ins
; |, z' n1 J' g1 q
! c+ |' e& }# s+ FWithdrawal and Renunciation# F& y& K8 q. j0 N1 _
51. Walk-outs% T- I5 N! z9 S( [. T( `! B6 O* U7 _
52. Silence" O. }. F0 o; g" W
53. Renouncing honors' e$ k$ k6 r' p, Z
54. Turning one’s back7 V5 T1 {" Q; X2 G- l
3 `( g- g: K0 Q+ a5 o
, b& M' N [9 N
0 h8 r k. g+ ?& xTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 k# T1 u @) |; u, e( U3 U: z p' N9 x$ H3 @4 P
3 L) ~$ v, C" I; z
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Ostracism of Persons1 O( d1 U* a; S( a3 h+ z
55. Social boycott
, o- S( i+ f# p 56. Selective social boycott
6 d: B( |- @+ O! u 57. Lysistratic nonaction# E, f, q5 d2 ~
58. Excommunication% A& Z7 N9 \7 m6 X, c% X7 K
59. Interdict
# l) R! i" Q: U0 f* D0 k# @* S0 Q/ M* ^* v
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 S1 @1 ]4 z" ~9 D) f- L 60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 i; }& f% M5 h( @9 g9 }0 m1 T! [
61. Boycott of social affairs
' o* R7 U _& L7 B 62. Student strike0 y% |; S/ A7 R
63. Social disobedience& M8 O c. _6 Q% M8 o
64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 [7 E3 t/ `3 {" Z
3 r! \$ ^- @: A* N/ P& L) q9 _. y. UWithdrawal from the Social System7 Y" p6 m9 T! O& g. L0 f- J1 @4 o
65. Stay-at-home- L& v2 ?9 d+ @: w( G5 H9 L
66. Total personal noncooperation
1 f1 Z' K* U7 |# M 67. “Flight” of workers) e) M8 F1 X; U$ b& U3 Y
68. Sanctuary
! w+ Q# B0 Y1 D: \5 h 69. Collective disappearance
" M# m+ k& @ h( T, e9 b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat); R, o" [9 H7 |% r; n
. y7 E. J3 a& e- k( I
, ?9 G j. s$ c( R' c! i- S8 V
: S+ o" ^3 _4 `: K0 A$ D1 ~, m
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
& y V4 q2 j3 B6 F( j4 `9 D% k: ~. j4 T+ }, t6 t8 c3 T9 I
5 D, e9 f! R' F6 x1 e. X
Actions by Consumers
9 ]2 ], u" V! \+ E/ q3 F8 C5 y 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 h4 _& J {* W1 b2 @8 ?& v# Q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 _( }4 P2 z+ o! g' ^9 R' v* e
73. Policy of austerity
0 O' i Z% v6 a/ W/ M7 j8 r- i 74. Rent withholding) J5 z7 }; ~9 E u) t: M+ s$ l7 u$ [. d( L
75. Refusal to rent
2 w% V9 f# ]; g5 O: w7 s- { 76. National consumers’ boycott, w1 T5 |; d4 @: k6 U6 o
77. International consumers’ boycott
* v5 m+ v$ ^$ O, V
* I4 I& u/ e0 a: L' \" \( A) eAction by Workers and Producers
4 s3 X/ h) W: l! K t5 E 78. Workmen’s boycott; L. e2 |+ ~# t' Z0 y1 w& s
79. Producers’ boycott
8 v- Y9 s% q. T# z) K2 z5 Y3 R- Z: K
* {; W" J; S5 a o: X6 J" _Action by Middlemen( P- H6 S$ s: r7 ?: w% W7 ~" p
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; a, ]4 e# p9 q* G- P: r; ^
5 k' M m) V$ j0 RAction by Owners and Management8 N2 u9 d6 N" j8 O/ `
81. Traders’ boycott0 L' o+ C9 K2 e# `
82. Refusal to let or sell property- k( K c/ j! h% Y! N
83. Lockout- e3 {6 [& Q$ s' ]& x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! h X% u) Y7 u) l
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 {' U |7 O" h$ ~1 J: B% N. z5 K2 {9 a1 | G
Action by Holders of Financial Resources. v1 g1 j# Z1 W$ _0 ?5 V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* z* E4 |- T: V: f* Z( q2 `- e$ s 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 n* F. ^& I, B4 I) z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ Y6 o* S4 r3 A: c; ]4 ] 89. Severance of funds and credit2 l& s/ Y4 b; ]+ ~7 x
90. Revenue refusal
( h/ u0 g( B1 Q! z6 E 91. Refusal of a government’s money
& v* g" Y1 H1 b+ L# ]. e" W7 E( H+ T" S
Action by Governments
# O, N: o0 C. g0 A 92. Domestic embargo
" Y* k; g$ Z3 C% ?) W7 L 93. Blacklisting of traders
* P8 M+ A! _: B" s9 |* X 94. International sellers’ embargo9 t7 \" [5 p, m3 Z: k5 B
95. International buyers’ embargo1 Z/ J* Q! N" @6 k4 G" y- m2 y! G0 {
96. International trade embargo+ l+ b+ i( Q/ N6 I9 Y( m& @: b9 z
{' F8 o1 U" Q4 B
f9 D# x) d7 b/ ^. q" l
$ G g& v+ ^9 S& S TTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. u0 _) N# G! u, y4 M+ _& v2 r' f. X) v. Z- _, N* [4 U
! ^ E: ]4 L1 x0 }5 W+ t: eSymbolic Strikes
+ `! B1 b3 o Z; g' x 97. Protest strike( h: _+ O7 S8 k! s8 q' w
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" k! d% z8 V$ O& C4 u
9 Z+ [; C* g3 P \0 rAgricultural Strikes3 I& l6 z$ |0 r/ J8 M# p
99. Peasant strike+ ]0 u/ [% I/ H" \* l4 e
100. Farm Workers’ strike6 y, `, o* V6 o" P: R% j
# H4 ?$ h% D+ b" ~2 [
Strikes by Special Groups
6 ? x/ H3 o, Y 101. Refusal of impressed labor$ U0 H7 \0 g) V8 l1 w+ S# f
102. Prisoners’ strike
: u8 ^3 o2 U: { W 103. Craft strike) H3 w/ N6 A, D2 p
104. Professional strike. s! j$ V1 I, l9 F3 E0 n
4 K- R/ f* \3 x7 h: dOrdinary Industrial Strikes" p. y" r, Z4 `2 Y! j: }" p
105. Establishment strike
8 K" w8 U5 ]% j, h* J 106. Industry strike' T! t( u) e( b, j T
107. Sympathetic strike5 D, n% u i& F1 z' F3 n
$ u1 h" o3 N* KRestricted Strikes/ ?1 c [" Q0 _5 c7 p/ l2 e
108. Detailed strike9 B, }' g. [# D2 H. P6 {: O' i
109. Bumper strike, E) G% b# P: O
110. Slowdown strike
1 H8 A1 v- o3 L" T- P6 m 111. Working-to-rule strike
" _% c2 v! q- v4 l" ?% k 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 T6 |0 o8 E* A! ` 113. Strike by resignation( V+ A9 O1 I3 U4 g/ J
114. Limited strike- M8 w1 I! m: ?# g7 h
115. Selective strike
. s5 h/ l5 \* s) w" i' r/ W8 J. Y3 A
* }4 J$ P, P7 X( Q; s' JMulti-Industry Strikes
; \. W% a( N! n! o' }% R
0 W" Z4 X& H& @! ~ 116. Generalized strike4 K9 }6 ?7 p0 _
% _$ Z4 E1 R/ M! W0 s, W* R: C 117. General strike
$ k9 C0 @0 ?3 S' G8 g: Z* T' {
" e1 m4 L6 Q+ @& y q& S" a4 C2 cCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( a+ O: W: z: a( O3 B4 z& v" Z, m6 U y7 e$ K. v
118. Hartal
; R2 g+ S4 N0 r8 a% Z5 b+ |9 i( B. ^" c/ }. t7 S2 t/ J
119. Economic shutdown/ F- T4 r6 h! _, ~ b3 d
% g% G4 i2 C0 i; `! Q4 J
- l0 X8 l! I, q: Q+ H0 ~: p# j: ]! M3 R8 j5 P, k& ~! W3 k b
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 d$ F0 m' J7 Y w( o" K + y9 {3 b# e! {( i; c3 C
Rejection of Authority
* ] ~0 ^" q, _* y! ^ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; t/ |& D; I% ~- m
121. Refusal of public support! p; d5 U% g8 s) H9 R5 k0 [; g5 @
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 E+ C, D4 [- Q8 C2 L0 L. m
V Y$ {0 H7 i- f; DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government* ]4 Y! g; N9 q% K: A
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# |; Y( Y i( L: F& J6 s 124. Boycott of elections
' B) p1 V k: h0 Z, _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 i3 ~$ s- |) H3 @6 u
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& Y0 \% K. |) e) E8 r 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 O6 E/ D9 a) K. J) p. v4 @7 H
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% W6 X$ a1 K- t 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" T ]) J4 d; A$ Q1 c; k
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( ]% _( Z. i% B4 J1 A( b 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 S& b9 M1 {" L% N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions C' J% @: g7 X) E" k5 f5 R
6 n! _8 T! \. h3 V# f" e6 s
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ e! w) P4 b0 U! p% B
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; v& p0 y% W! [6 x) B5 S 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& C( \2 Z. \7 s3 u& W% H( ^ 135. Popular nonobedience' j& K% i# {" |3 }$ K
136. Disguised disobedience2 \/ M' [3 M2 \2 a/ I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# K$ A5 y9 k! `, N+ E( u1 ^
138. Sitdown+ n3 [! u" s% s0 n1 q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" e R( D. L4 n4 E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' h( A8 _3 J& v! i2 @% q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 F* o) F! Q2 ]$ v5 G9 T' R
7 U, V" g z* Z* E) E) ]0 l$ a
Action by Government Personnel8 C6 w4 T9 q w2 ]
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- K$ E9 b! R$ X. F+ Y$ P 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* ^* N5 \' U, I 144. Stalling and obstruction
' d+ p- ^% }% }8 ~6 t* @' K 145. General administrative noncooperation; B" m+ J }3 L2 I3 Y( L+ ^
% B, B. M8 U. e 146. Judicial noncooperation8 J/ f( V# X: J" K8 i' ?' f
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# C& m5 n( n* Q1 L6 A: M7 B
148. Mutiny
* G1 V! W2 ~2 }, Y: P, ^! T! @( |Domestic Governmental Action9 I# b5 a! M( V5 l
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) @3 Q% [: |' t' L* } 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 ^6 t1 j9 h8 ^9 @
- `5 T; J* R) pInternational Governmental Action
5 b/ _. H# F3 t, f% X/ y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
W) ~: B- W7 ?8 r- E 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. {6 g7 m4 `" o4 ^: t 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 W4 {' b( T- R' x* E
154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 ~6 V: L% U! C8 b& y" y f
155. Withdrawal from international organizations! L. r5 E8 Z R8 |5 V3 k
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, |: m4 Z: K: j9 T) ~$ U, X7 ]8 ~- o: l 157. Expulsion from international organizations
% W) u; o; e; X5 M0 s8 ^. J$ Y, Z# d5 j% B: i
6 z' b L9 I/ r' I
) R( @' Q% t r$ g% ~THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 k' m. V$ S8 N; `+ |
# u. A- s! U8 O7 E" m3 x7 x8 y2 N
' u) }: H2 o+ X' a# p9 t5 J
Psychological Intervention
3 b2 E% I2 c* G8 n- ] 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 n* b- A3 ~; U! _5 V4 o2 I) s( x* z/ y 159. The fast/ m5 x3 M& l* {
a) Fast of moral pressure5 w$ m1 g, Q+ G; h
b) Hunger strike
' t, R4 e! I7 C% w- @ c) Satyagrahic fast; @. j ^" ]% w* c* R3 t1 [
160. Reverse trial H7 x7 e" |# ]- |! E, v; i% F, c+ Z
161. Nonviolent harassment
8 ?+ p3 K" e( R1 X3 }
% [& ^1 o2 c) o1 {9 t1 MPhysical Intervention3 C" M, T3 |# N
162. Sit-in
0 E; J& v9 s, R5 k; x" { 163. Stand-in8 N) I3 S% S; f/ J9 h1 @: t" F8 Z
164. Ride-in
5 l; }6 o1 x* H, I* L; |0 ^ 165. Wade-in. p" d) v9 i7 L- t
166. Mill-in9 ^) @ J, c. X. y* L! l- P$ x0 ]
167. Pray-in
9 c% A+ w2 e# H 168. Nonviolent raids
! R& w2 K8 ^. i4 u( _ 169. Nonviolent air raids
( b" k/ p' { }: v7 H8 D. x% T 170. Nonviolent invasion
) \( _) n$ t' B" [( I. k) A 171. Nonviolent interjection0 l a: x9 C4 W: w) F0 S" a
172. Nonviolent obstruction( R* Q" k% Z. B1 V1 G) V; y3 s
173. Nonviolent occupation( I f5 a$ \+ F7 b/ A) ^5 n
4 K" t$ l. ^1 @8 l+ XSocial Intervention" Z3 E& Y7 y( [8 [, P
174. Establishing new social patterns
1 @4 h- a! _2 G 175. Overloading of facilities+ M5 b" e6 l9 n. C1 |% c. a
176. Stall-in
( s/ ^: ?" Q# ?& p0 q: s& d 177. Speak-in9 A8 P# o. `- _& {6 }
178. Guerrilla theater
- v7 q. @7 Q# o" W% t' s% R) ^ 179. Alternative social institutions+ e* T, C) c; k ?4 e, O! i
180. Alternative communication system
7 [+ @% j/ H% f( h+ J/ F7 k$ L3 o& s+ L" [6 I1 l
Economic Intervention. A, H, W+ h1 w G V' i$ a
181. Reverse strike) k1 k4 Q G7 Y0 k
182. Stay-in strike
, \" B/ P- N( p 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. A/ f$ |: _2 F& f, c4 q 184. Defiance of blockades
( H8 I, D3 i0 x+ W 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 W9 z, p ~# S9 P0 y& [
186. Preclusive purchasing; T4 @$ S2 i0 P$ Q: X1 Y* V) L
187. Seizure of assets
2 X/ t& ]' ^9 I 188. Dumping) B3 E) w$ l7 m' d! n0 Y4 o
189. Selective patronage' l6 w+ v* e( u# _
190. Alternative markets: ? K5 T# ^7 r; a. ]: P0 t
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 i% z" _0 J) ]) p$ I! v U 192. Alternative economic institutions
* f) O. i" b* J) M1 i) {6 b/ c. `! P7 ?" K# ^. ?2 y0 G- ^
Political Intervention: K+ r# \" y# d( `$ R& f
193. Overloading of administrative systems* L# y" R1 M. K, I
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 b' M5 x1 C& S, H" E4 B
195. Seeking imprisonment8 \7 h8 D2 O0 Q @4 a: }
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ T. o; `9 V; b" y4 k
197. Work-on without collaboration
4 \+ l) a* h5 Z' ]6 H 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 d+ g9 V; W, N# o& v2 d
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
