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How to figure a home's fundamental value- ~9 p1 X% S2 L% G& G# a v
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.7 z' E7 ]- c7 L) X: Z- J+ r- G
1 _$ [( L D% z3 aLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:) X4 ^* g) {; ^
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
9 p* J* M6 r: m9 E8 j2 R; sSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
. T7 G+ p* H$ J% j. i, N1 ANew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.5 X; D. F% e: O( Y9 K: C# g6 R: o
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ( V$ o2 j- B; _1 [( }
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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& u2 s9 R# \0 {9 VIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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S5 `) k3 B4 p6 N# ?3 q5 V Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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- ?; p* l/ p% x; X0 ~: f/ P. H/ lBoston 20.5 30.2 9 X8 \+ H$ p6 J! @3 M- b, V) n
San Diego 22.8 29.7 ( V" V9 i2 \% ~5 q U. ]" w' \
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 " N; U- o4 d" S4 ]
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
) l% u$ e* ?, s" N7 Q2 gSeattle 20.4 25
$ r& r. V) {* Z4 G# |. UDenver 17.7 23.7
* n3 v3 @! i, ?6 e- G* bNew York 21.2 22.5
; I0 t! H9 \8 R4 gChicago 17.2 20.8
1 V; k$ _5 D, aWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 6 r+ m+ q) _' F1 _, g: d
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8 R+ l+ p. ` R# _$ \It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live., k, S% \ k6 z+ c( t
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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