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How to figure a home's fundamental value* P7 _0 E: g4 y. {0 Y
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.9 Z5 x b8 |% X1 E- Z: B* J
* U8 n4 p$ b+ j* P0 G0 }7 x9 r: i" ~Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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) L4 j( D6 f5 j7 a; {( YIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.4 x1 J c1 o5 Z/ n0 d
A5 u1 A- O8 M/ O& D$ bSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
3 n; d% |( L! V2 R+ K) WSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
( [' D/ ]. P% fNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.$ i z) _* s% z- f
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 0 [+ g2 G) i/ f, z0 t% e
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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- C5 `- y! R& y4 z$ O. w( `Boston 20.5 30.2 ) Y% G6 X/ L2 ^7 q$ o
San Diego 22.8 29.7
2 V& _4 D2 V2 f! l7 t/ u) vSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
s. B8 q, U$ lLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
f! } N, ]2 T iSeattle 20.4 25 $ s6 _# p1 F5 n9 N: G
Denver 17.7 23.7 1 j% c. Q- `$ q2 P
New York 21.2 22.5 ' f o( N% a- ?% s# h3 C0 {
Chicago 17.2 20.8
. ~6 O5 K3 G5 L jWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 5 ^# L/ @ R7 @' }! n& I5 F/ A
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5 G O" w2 H% p& H# r' bIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.5 w% X( n( D W! j
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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