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How to figure a home's fundamental value
* M6 K- {( r0 R" ~8 ^/ vLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued. k5 g$ ~" x# b% w; o/ ]( s1 O
3 g8 y% T* p+ TNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.( d$ }( {$ S' g
/ m2 ^6 s, s) Q7 k1 r. R) oLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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' D7 o, H1 m8 b K3 LTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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: Z1 k+ L! Z/ k( ?' `In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.: }8 k1 p+ r+ v9 R0 C
* w0 v. U( Z5 ~7 i' uSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.5 ^! A1 b7 Q/ r1 X
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
+ w( ~" L& {+ v" a9 S' N T& p S1 bNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.9 h+ C8 t" E1 A. U
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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- v+ G8 w4 p3 u. x$ fIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.0 w5 ?2 R) @+ x) ]9 v+ u2 V
* q3 K. `# I( K: OIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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" J: G- n( N& c* O6 o5 P Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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Boston 20.5 30.2
) |$ P) F/ M$ k- n& F4 |+ L$ tSan Diego 22.8 29.7
% `- x( \1 O8 ^( E0 RSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
- H7 o ~% @& F6 [8 nLos Angeles 21.3 25.6 % [: { @2 C' F5 B r
Seattle 20.4 25 - [, O# p: F3 Y( M# ^# u
Denver 17.7 23.7 , i; y& m5 r( C) ^4 A
New York 21.2 22.5
" \1 C& I: u4 Q3 ?9 V8 gChicago 17.2 20.8 ! r0 ]/ Y: N/ R4 @' e1 Q" T+ [
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.; ~, ] x* T$ z( x$ A7 U- z
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1 L- f* O, V) Q7 }) }& K; sFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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