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How to figure a home's fundamental value; A* Y9 R: \# O! v# V8 T
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.! M( r+ I$ z0 l
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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" m* D7 ^$ z5 c# [9 TIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.4 ` C' n% ?+ \* I
$ m/ r' Y6 ?8 t+ ]# M2 hSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
7 `, A9 e0 i& u! eSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.: w0 g2 X+ |2 |6 e, Q. p9 y
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.6 Y( {5 m' C B& ?3 M. I. T0 s
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas : v! m- o0 m1 @7 u. T' P: d6 _
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
7 j; S5 J7 m; C; [% ]Boston 20.5 30.2
2 ]+ ~5 Y) S0 c! ySan Diego 22.8 29.7 1 r4 z# s8 {9 ]' T! h! [
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 " ]6 E I" c `1 ?6 h) k+ @
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
5 L! l( o& l6 s2 h% nSeattle 20.4 25 - h5 p a6 ^; u) b2 }
Denver 17.7 23.7 # _# Z% Q9 a' Z
New York 21.2 22.5 7 G. S% P8 p7 ~5 r8 ^0 q4 A
Chicago 17.2 20.8
3 @" }' N9 s/ E3 w7 \4 vWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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; F+ }# G6 c+ ]5 s7 ?. J' QIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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" O z5 R! e3 ]From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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