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How to figure a home's fundamental value. `3 y2 D! \/ v* A
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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3 e0 ]9 P% O7 e$ R2 A6 K: PNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed., j7 x8 Y6 A. K, q
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently., s. V6 Z! R6 j& N6 y8 S5 h: v
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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( F( U; W7 A, Q: [8 T+ j% i) c- JIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.8 j9 O4 [) I/ z$ s' L5 Z4 F
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.3 h8 c% j2 z' `( d
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
# N) Q5 x% G. W, ^. r3 UNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.2 d2 m, H$ ~" _/ F8 r3 |* H5 ?
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.6 D4 ~. R+ ] K9 ]. c1 G$ @
* ]9 t# J, Y3 t& p3 S; `3 RIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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+ H. q+ o, w# ~3 x9 [" @% h Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas ) E2 Y, I6 a* c7 ]$ `" e
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 : E. G* G J' a+ j1 G
Boston 20.5 30.2 : ?0 `- c4 ]5 F6 D
San Diego 22.8 29.7 : x" H% p# j2 r k& r; e' k
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
! C1 W1 a& A, K( \' n* SLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
. q2 i+ H1 y) O1 ?6 FSeattle 20.4 25 ) g# W) r# B- J- r$ z5 \% F
Denver 17.7 23.7
6 I. G6 w; r1 ?New York 21.2 22.5
7 o5 [8 {$ r) t, n0 \$ q. d& d* }. ~. EChicago 17.2 20.8 ! i! S9 f# W, B( q: O. E+ }
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 5 Y' t8 c$ W# N
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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