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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑 5 k7 S; G( X9 x7 W/ r
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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688; K$ H) a/ g' U: b; M/ \& G: f
, @$ a; P% W# tJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China9 T" R$ ~. k* n0 a
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
! _: {. y; T- H8 e3 O3 v- FFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.1 `$ [) p1 n" E, s1 d4 @9 w! e
2 H+ Q( J8 o D1 [9 bLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
5 u1 A, S( c. zFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
5 f2 ~6 ?* X+ H+ t$ K
/ a) l, q7 L8 ~, O: z! C1 JSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) ., `2 k/ g/ i. _+ H, {
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20181 i7 P8 C/ F6 m. ]
Published online 26 January 2018
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N6 i1 h1 Y3 ^+ g% n. O* P, V
Abstract% D0 p* B2 n9 X* N5 D
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
4 M2 v- w- y: y- r& W5 R) rDynasty who came to China and was employed by The4 o0 y7 R" e. g* w+ K4 v
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been% w& N1 i3 E* \; a- l9 [. t
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
. d! X4 I) e+ H/ a5 @/ `) ionly having translated a great deal of Western scientific- q' S/ j0 e8 f7 ^
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
6 m6 p7 h* }# {$ h' G B4 Bto the standardization of the scientific terminology
) _6 w, N P4 I3 l* R) mtranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s1 z- {. H; e; J2 O$ T, P
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,, a/ V- ~0 Y8 R4 r- H! X. H
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the; O N- Z. p* y) @
standardization of the scientific terminology translation" Y4 Z G) w7 Z8 @
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien& s. {4 a$ H9 F3 ^- t# ~2 i% v; y
he established had helped greatly with the popularization9 }5 w/ F- C6 S
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring1 ^7 l# e. ?3 I
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
% V+ [# s8 l/ }for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
: p- }1 s* T mthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
7 X0 W8 x" a9 wgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
5 m" X: ?: d- O7 u. `1 Hterminology.
8 f! a1 f6 U9 }; X1 ?/ k9 UKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;% A S- I- c2 Y" A0 i3 W- y) l
Standardization of terminology translation
" U% U1 w' }0 g2 Y; \; S5 Z+ f3 SYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to+ c( @( m6 {* [2 K
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
& V: s% E/ M& xChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
' Z4 e% n; m1 }0 Afrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
" k# E- T5 q8 _& {6 K5 X- jDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213; _1 v2 d$ A; \! g) o
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$ H* `! a) n3 V( d5 qINTRODUCTION- i; g2 U Z1 T' G, n
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
# R3 k5 l1 |* {* s/ ?6 G6 ]2 |: ra great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
7 I+ J, f8 d: G0 RDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to$ D; C, p9 w3 o- X a2 Y" X$ Z3 ^
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
5 @2 t) g; E! C$ GSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
% o& v7 g- t3 ^$ a1 Iby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
# D. N2 W# p( W: d0 s: }) qan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
, y; W! N3 d% k( g7 A* Rhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
* H% D; b: v4 @4 P, u% c1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific; F+ o) B2 l) Q* I( P
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
0 `9 b& b: x. fFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
! `' S( X6 v! R1 `8 mNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated! M1 v. R4 h3 Z* r/ {* N2 O) X
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant8 X6 B# k% T, n' X+ Q
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,* C& [% j9 U6 i) v
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
$ a6 X3 z% z8 Z* v u! [Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
- R! o6 P. Y% G! z; @8 _books that made him the most productive one among the# \! a7 W( y( j, S' m
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
. J5 i% u' u: c9 n( U0 ^translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
% m+ N2 R$ w9 z* }* I; Mnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
3 r8 k: n6 ^' A# @" T) lpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
5 R0 W9 Y" d7 p+ T8 n) \) C& z7 [% eIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer- P; v, g: z+ m1 ~3 H
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western/ v% i9 Z s/ g
science and the standardization of translated scientific9 t) k/ ]7 S5 K; c/ S5 u- u' T
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific5 M6 X5 Q- S P, j1 Q. _
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the% ~; D E" z& c2 y, ^/ ^0 P
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
, N+ n& _' q) H: L. Lcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series& ^0 @9 k. A0 ]8 B2 B- J3 B
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
" F) W2 V5 s" eModern China.2 k$ L$ i: q4 I6 V. P4 [* Y
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published$ ^( V! q5 ]3 x3 p
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
[% C) T( H) I( d, Y# g3 ]0 M+ Y6 }travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing/ v: e2 s1 l( i; ~
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
$ F. `) h% G9 l2 `' gJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
7 j8 N8 w& t: j+ b$ `8 V' fTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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