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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
" ^; ^: Z+ L. I9 X, P: vYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of0 m# s# O' s7 R) A1 U
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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1 ]4 M2 }) a+ t q F( nLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
: d( A( C3 r$ v+ y$ L6 \- l% fFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
$ z( @6 D2 i+ E& {# u$ u% B& o) q3 A$ g6 W/ P$ |
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
; y3 V6 e: I) yReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20184 D+ M9 I+ T( }) I- V3 i
Published online 26 January 2018
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b% s6 b+ M8 Z2 f) y$ lAbstract
/ ?1 b, j7 V% Y+ H. qJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
w% z8 x/ A! a U: Q# M/ {( ZDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
2 J& T9 ^7 E( UTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been+ R) s$ L* h: e6 g+ {7 Y
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not6 i) T/ A* I% ?3 g
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific. C' f# W% V: v% C
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly1 N, n. {& U8 a
to the standardization of the scientific terminology* J2 C: B4 n+ ^2 m+ [( ~( w
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
' p& R1 g) d' Y$ P& h& @3 ]scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,# R5 \$ a! V0 ~. c; j
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the! _+ M$ c! K, ]# h- F
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
& `; c) ]' ]! h) \9 U' Fin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
( \( e2 a5 V' Q/ s4 B5 C) [he established had helped greatly with the popularization. F" s9 z$ M8 u: d! |. v
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
3 u; l! Y! P) [% u- \! ^. a2 \the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
2 d8 r) H! W& _0 u9 w8 T# H2 pfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
h$ D; W. A. Pthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a& O! Q% ]5 D% S1 D4 D) ^
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
+ j. S. B% B# Fterminology.
* A7 D5 d8 ?" t$ X, T& M/ r2 @Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
' J8 @6 N' K, ?. L5 J0 tStandardization of terminology translation
7 P8 ^, L" L% n! w& N0 ]Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
& [, [0 [, B% c5 e' v! P" c/ m4 BStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern9 N I4 j- O V- y8 a+ z
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available1 R; W# x0 O0 ^- G6 D+ [
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
9 `0 `' s: g2 R# Y* u' q' {) GDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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# L: S W1 K* \6 GINTRODUCTION* h" B3 E. o$ t8 I% o
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
# k8 E4 f* j, ~. `3 Q* o( Da great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
* g6 f5 s8 n# vDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to+ y% B+ P. l+ F7 _
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of! i! E; ]" r. a3 w, I" }
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed0 r7 K2 M/ ?; U! @0 @
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
# d7 K2 [3 p) z8 Zan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on8 g5 B; q* R( N+ D
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
8 |$ V U5 b2 @7 `1 W9 m, F; e7 n1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
% f% P L: J s7 L: A2 l; [works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
% `% n5 Q; x0 f- S. \: N& }% ?Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
& E) ?8 `5 b: M( sNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
' J$ J5 |) J* J% N- Fto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant v' e1 _9 u z: Z' Y% c5 w
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
' H, ?& \4 V3 x" nrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,: F' f9 |) Z9 y. H3 V* P W
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
- k0 g% }& ^ F& J, Kbooks that made him the most productive one among the3 V- ?$ u6 q+ D/ S* X
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,/ d8 |% u* A+ J4 T2 C
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
9 D0 |* t# l- inoble work which could help accelerate the process of
. I! ?$ c$ [; Tpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
. x+ \4 c3 ?1 `% M8 O! k/ PIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
% q5 q6 o( A5 n3 o; N( }also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western& g' u1 |2 V9 N, k8 Y
science and the standardization of translated scientific3 u* T! T! {3 g- i: V2 i5 K
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
0 a4 ]' l4 b( c+ v, n: k3 smagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the) R. k9 d4 |3 k7 j
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another0 @6 v6 b, v4 _
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series: ` V2 W' L# c6 T5 ?
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
" W4 ?, h( a; s& G. tModern China.* H4 i/ @# _, t; D5 P! O5 _2 z
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published- y. b* a7 U6 p. v) b" v' r8 H
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
5 d# G. K+ s) o+ {travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing4 y3 \! j- m& c, m
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
- u2 g0 P! l7 e1 d# y1 {. ^John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
8 ^/ l+ {# P* pTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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