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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
3 k) b6 @$ k; {" [! X% \# O: ^3 d; ]- w
Proof:
- }( Q7 U8 _" S$ s8 G( ^! s/ B1 P$ pLet n >1 be an integer
9 h$ R n+ J' M& R! \. ZBasis: (n=2)
% K! @8 ? n9 j/ P O( s 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3! c z1 @9 }" D+ W* y
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that/ |# T7 m9 M) E! |" t9 o
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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& r3 i( N, M( t4 TNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
- B' s) \, K' A& W& l/ Rsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
; N+ a2 d& @6 X. P' bThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1): H0 S" [2 X& D% }. g* A
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
& }+ ]( m: U% ~5 g = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)6 A& v# m3 S$ `5 ]7 p
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
( E! P& n6 P" e/ l; Yby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>05 j9 k6 E4 o6 q; S
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
' b( t% Z; M s7 q2 m' m9 m = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
9 Z& e6 I2 G. W' L1 H( ] = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
+ Z) q+ S6 E6 q. d4 O( @$ |' w0 ~1 g' b4 k
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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, N: l( |5 o2 O2 n8 i( y+ A[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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