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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)9 T% z7 @& Y( z/ u( e9 N9 I
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Proof: 2 y1 E+ B! ?* j4 g1 M/ m1 n9 Q
Let n >1 be an integer
4 u$ G6 G9 V- FBasis: (n=2)4 P# |; c, j' n4 C; n. f0 ^
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 36 A8 y# e: ]* W7 K- J
+ K, z+ ~2 `) r, {9 LInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
' k D5 K% j5 n. `2 f6 ~* [ K^3 – K can by divided by 3.8 u. c v+ z0 o
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3. Y5 k& S! A; J: x0 F2 a
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
( j/ t( V- o" E+ @$ A$ mThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
$ N: f9 o, x3 u: V0 X = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K& @0 H) U( A, `1 [( g+ X) I. o7 a% q
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
8 z% z0 B' n7 }" `( Z, j1 g = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K) k' ?$ G! n9 G" E& N8 g. Y
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
& Q. ]5 M% L W( Q- |, v8 y7 iSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)& w3 O; I1 h4 F% @' y
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
0 j% u A6 s2 r1 q( [ = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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/ P; b4 I: Z& Z; ]( ^- b( j9 U# iConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.* T* G/ f1 a% ]% [+ I/ b% a
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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