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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n): \1 _- Z! V/ |* d2 ^' j& i
, y( [* [3 G2 G5 }5 \9 g, aProof:
. V4 Y, T3 ]& e' \6 I- c$ CLet n >1 be an integer 8 y/ W9 R5 v2 `: `8 T4 o
Basis: (n=2)
6 B9 I- R8 U+ g/ E; ?' e) h% B: ? 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3( ~! P# d, @4 f3 x- S' L" \
: f; f8 s5 ?: V; m/ Y }
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
( W& M4 e5 o m2 J* Z K^3 – K can by divided by 3.0 f' N6 N( C* m' {- @6 G
, V& {4 x, P, s; U6 R' [9 @7 KNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
5 Z% a. I+ |# Q G0 f9 D% ]since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
% ~5 u1 N3 Q3 W+ X% K8 D) q" dThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)$ O" r I# u& _, |! \5 p% m" k
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K1 l0 e1 o; `' m3 |
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)5 F2 t4 E; I0 \( Q3 Z
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
2 V4 e! p! c! d: Vby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
$ Y$ i }! m7 a- I \$ lSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)2 P2 A) l' k, ]! Q- G% {
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
/ T5 }" B5 }) S: J = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3+ W: ?4 m& j: t5 B( v' @
) ^: \7 B$ ~( w' v0 I; F. gConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.+ T/ ~8 B. \, m7 |# b" T
$ t+ k" v. L& ?7 P/ m[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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