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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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# {! l2 k7 A7 S) D K1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)6 \3 n* Q P# u2 G/ q; i
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Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)0 }$ m9 s4 k' N- H( d
. |+ H$ n' \; A/ k* p$ v2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) 0 \# x3 T: `, u
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译) + b7 G9 f8 W1 D L6 T% V# T+ \
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3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) 2 ?" i) B: I& `! Q9 G, c# ]
4 N3 h' ^" }+ Z) @2 rShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)- c" k( o/ f% B a7 f' J( V
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5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)' l" c; k6 A, v3 t* W
7 X7 A8 S& S# e6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)% u; }) w' H# ]3 N
# v2 E% { m, n- C# PBut I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)0 U+ k3 U: Q. H6 w# E, n3 j: c" U
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You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me
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" ?, j2 J+ I$ Tsuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)+ m, K7 ~9 d; w, X- r) E
7 y1 U6 [- `; F+ Y# ~8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)5 |, g( z9 y; e/ G, z, F d
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。/ g3 \* ~+ i) C; c$ V+ o; D
$ i% p+ N. A8 f& v' ?然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:* o1 F7 f, l6 \
. W) u% `8 r* | r. L9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:+ U( P" _9 \! ^. H
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11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?: u: L, m; v/ z
/ ]- i( N4 t7 c' W1 qThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems' Y4 |0 e7 R: a# j
1 S. W, s; E5 h0 W' U' c* Sthat your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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