 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
( X6 d; q4 C! W! S0 Q, P8 p# lInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the7 }. V# A% L+ ` o( b9 A
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,( a2 P1 d% m2 m* K/ D' U# o
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial9 e b- y3 N2 L% B6 P) p. n; i3 Q
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of6 j$ f3 L* j4 b
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
w0 I( c V9 B7 ~* ]" yA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=& ]+ y' O5 p! {) Z# M U
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]# g5 R/ x2 Y5 G
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
! B2 E$ ~; y+ U Z: Bretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on; q+ u( T' E) @* o
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
# Q7 ?7 k9 ?. c: F(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two( v. _' h; T( O" ^+ v: E- ]: j
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a7 J, q8 ?; [$ n1 p h
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
( N7 j5 [# f3 {: Y/ Z9 d1 D' P3 hend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In# r8 f3 i& _6 a" k' F
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,7 k- c f; ?6 Z S, Q! a5 I c3 A
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
p' r/ I) r% p+ w0 b" a
7 ]0 L9 }0 d9 ]2 h' P7 L(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
( n8 F! V. Y& M/ ]4 @# }and American speakers of English, |
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