 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The2 k" ^2 _" B( k% i& {' _7 B! y
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the3 x2 `9 w7 q2 j
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
! K+ N+ o- `% w- v# z; [0 [and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
) |+ K- O9 M; c' n9 l(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
2 J' d* m" K3 ]; i) \) \) Uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ k, S* b: Q& o0 e4 v+ rA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=! K, E0 | P. s
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]9 X' j5 |* s* t4 L% R) P9 N
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
2 E, o/ m8 N: b( y/ t( cretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
4 h" o" J; q1 Apossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset; K9 V6 Q/ y3 d& O: [$ j
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two# p" [- F( [$ W0 G! K5 I0 \: s
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a- ?5 E o( B* V
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
5 V' u# j/ S# x) h8 Z/ gend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
4 F, b. ^6 E- \9 J( V3 ~+ Y" Qcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
# X6 A) P8 K* u* athe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla../ N: v" i; {6 b1 r( Z7 H* j
; L/ v) i4 H2 n$ M4 N
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)& a) C7 V9 Y* _/ C5 a( B5 L
and American speakers of English, |
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