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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士# V; l5 ?% i) [ V' G, d2 n
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197
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% c( e3 `: u. w$ [( p! Y' n22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer
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Science and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
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+ j2 _* w" l: T5 W. a' _* EA study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.
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" B+ t5 v4 C8 f8 c9 O7 N2 ZThe study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.' R; w! r7 V$ m6 _* O
" f. Q% M2 h7 L/ C0 nThe team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.
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9 H( J( [( }1 E* |The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
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Their means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.) c$ s# D/ E- L, |1 {! q
1 @+ |8 C0 N& POne of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.- z X- z+ ^2 o7 m! L4 M
6 s3 S) o; j) @ `9 I+ i9 |At its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.
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, F, m h0 f' B" L6 s1 _5 ^\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.0 k9 C! O; a' p$ ~3 g, f- @
7 Z5 @3 I! y _. }6 {5 g\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.
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\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"* i. ?$ W4 Y2 R$ X l% @( @
9 P; {9 H: i. e9 b9 [! c2 uDr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"$ N* I% x4 A! {# O# T: l4 w3 F
) B# ?3 c$ a3 Q% HThe team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.' g( Q% S; L. q5 O6 N6 R# K
. H: f9 `! M/ v- nThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.
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/ _% B9 Y; b4 u) o, RHowever, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.2 A) n- F4 N% n7 w
" q5 s& D( Q1 m\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.
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However, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\".
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& {# b/ H! S' }( {% V0 s\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.6 M0 e6 J) N8 e# _% H. H
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\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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