从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
% b8 I. a+ S6 U5 c" ~0 @例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
/ @, m' |5 w( }+ k
$ z) T6 e# A* A. O* uA：I like apples.
$ I% M) k; r) a, W* j$ F& {* k( C; r0 D, P
- I2 t& f4 A' @# aB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
$ z+ O, Z, K# G3 B
　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

( I' |, D; {. n5 C+ G6 p本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

& c% m% q( ]" Y( d( k' I; [1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
+ f) j2 z  s; w8 E
/ e! m, H+ W# |/ q. Q0 Y- \( K0 G2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
; J. B+ T. [  A$ v
2 F; ^8 I) Y) ^) F又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

5 h' p6 I; o* V* u6 `( u第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
1 x2 m" S' I# d  F' T
: D% [8 ~; M3 p: |: @. h$ |# s& n* e第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

5 |& q2 j% v, e* e) u" i. F% F: ]4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

: p  X3 M4 t( s如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
0 R. ?% V, f6 m4 S6 V0 i
---Nor it is!

This cup hasn't got a handle!
/ M( I& ?( |& W
---Nor it has!

四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

& z4 }, Z* E6 M# d7 U; Q; xDerothy: Look it's raining!
& N5 Y5 W; m: R' [+ J7 K4 b% e( T
Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
9 g4 J' z: z+ d
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

Derothy: So we can.

5 l/ S( m4 r7 _( M/ J* P3 iDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
* l% N& r- @: L" d% M  q
8 c+ ^2 D5 y# _Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?

/ g1 U  r. a; b  K( y; G. uDenald: Yes, let's.

Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

+ W6 ^7 E& {* `+ W  d' \) XDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
8 A- J6 j0 r8 I+ K% E  h
% r  H# f  g: J  R. YDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
* X& p4 h" t. N1 j% e
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
. I8 z/ b, P* d
: Z( m2 N9 W; }  l3 vDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
: K) x8 c( t/ y2 ^
2 o- @6 Y4 `; I7 g# qDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
$ \$ u1 m, w) U
! x! g( x8 L) B' ^1 a4 ZDorothy: It's the postman.
) Z! j: ^% n% V8 ^
9 q2 U9 \. E) j0 t/ x! ~Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
. Q2 l% z& B2 r4 i! B
Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
- r' p6 m) o; }$ o- o3 o3 x9 d
Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

2 K  M4 d7 a7 p7 c  p3 d5 KDorothy: Nor do I!
- R+ O3 c5 t2 Q$ w$ X0 x! v
Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
- ~# J! _0 k3 b6 \- f
- ^% z. R( h/ XDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
9 j- q% l: p6 V* `& o
Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
5 \' O. B# R$ [1 f- }
Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.