从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
% N0 A+ t; T' ~# z
2 F0 G0 [* X1 Q6 K  Y9 {$ qA：I like apples.

4 r* b4 d( e( X2 \3 n) \B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
7 S+ l, l. O- ^/ X. S+ _/ A5 Y0 E
; e1 C  t9 y' H$ B) R　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
' x( t( q: d9 _
本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

  r( u9 D3 }# S: ], I. m' m1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

8 n: E* V3 w5 q2 ]2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
. B4 _$ u; {: Y6 j# p3 C6 D5 |7 ~
- [  O% R! L/ C; Z, T又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
7 X( w" q. L9 T) M( r2 w
第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
  |- c' X$ A' h5 x3 U  f, J- i
6 y  b6 |7 Q& T3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

6 k7 Y- c% q3 U( s# u5 S如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
% P6 T* V: ?( `2 z
& p) f: e0 X0 K4 C, y% N+ |) X---Nor it is!
" M3 K0 I+ j# W1 C7 j. `6 C
This cup hasn't got a handle!
. |% a" |0 k8 C( D& i& X7 d
- {  j/ _6 t! J% P2 u, T  S---Nor it has!
9 ]( @/ b; Z$ q1 _7 _
, G6 w$ u$ K7 e% T四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

Derothy: Look it's raining!
  E; \  j: f" F6 f/ t) @
  L( i& S6 R2 ~. ^) l: ^6 N$ h. yDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
! e4 y- i8 ^% Q
, q. `/ O7 x& g/ PDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
/ J/ T; Z! e  }6 h1 ]& a2 d
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
  t! l$ [5 _0 e% f% V5 ^4 I
Derothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
& c% |7 |$ }+ T' ~5 f
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
0 J$ D  a! P2 ?3 A
* F4 x  a! e9 }5 c  ^7 iDenald: Yes, let's.

0 Y. T4 _1 h' ?Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
0 n- Q+ w8 s' ^& @
' \) M3 A% |( j" V8 V; ?Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

, `3 Q9 X8 n3 p8 ?3 F0 MDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
3 X* `8 F# d7 y$ U6 E9 k
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

Dorothy: It's the postman.
+ i' n1 c* Q/ N0 ]
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
1 ~6 W4 O! t* f0 h2 b6 t
/ x; l+ d3 ~8 Q2 P' ]/ @Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

8 Y9 H7 \( ^! u  g- V& RDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
( ~2 L3 v2 E9 o4 x1 J
+ A3 t6 Z6 P( ]5 P( V9 b( [Dorothy: Nor do I!
% ^! O/ o+ k9 u
Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
, ], l1 z/ G. l! k# W
5 x! |; X/ Z- f( W0 h5 KDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
& D! p3 `/ W9 z$ s$ r3 v1 `3 D
" s3 k: S( q; dDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
9 ^/ q4 [. S6 t2 ]
2 {5 q8 U- l& a1 WDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
1 s* z* ~; i$ A* L# q  C5 g' u
Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.