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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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2 p+ m- E0 y( ] M! m* m$ f( P- c- I! u 一、厕所 + f$ H3 ^8 u. S- J5 P# u8 J$ S
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 , v% ~* h& w: _# |. S
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二、解小便
- }, ^7 Y( M2 C& O# ~% D 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 4 _, e' J( Q' O) T; T1 O
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ' k. W. r' m% ^$ p9 O
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医生或许也会问: 0 V* K: F- M( x3 Y: |+ k
Do you have trouble urinating?
( ]* X/ S; s6 g0 }; b =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) % a. g8 ]. I. a6 Y
; B5 ]+ O. X2 P+ e; f+ _' ? 此外,还有其他的说法:
) b1 o! A- j: r U6 y to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: * H$ K8 _) N& M' Y% B/ T
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
- _+ |, M5 z% p * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) + w1 m9 e% l. \1 S- k ]$ ]
3 M' m! [ c7 Z9 D3 U5 m 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
* V2 ?$ g& U0 I6 I; I8 ]! ~) k% y * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 3 ]! q5 T( ?# c( ` U. m9 |$ v
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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3 X; [8 v$ b3 Q * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
( C# W$ B- I0 D `8 x3 Y 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 , g+ c) C3 b$ g8 |- V
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
8 d+ L/ u/ z/ B% R2 A( ]0 ` 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: & k3 r9 f; ?. w, h) b
* The boy needs to pee.
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( Q8 U/ @8 ?% X 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: % a. B1 w$ P3 A2 j
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: & H! I8 l) P8 M4 K$ D+ |
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
( b, n5 I' [( `! y$ H+ ^ * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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7 }8 e4 V! P, B1 f 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 7 J6 L3 `# I$ V6 A
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 4 C/ U7 k6 J* r: j* `' t# j5 \% H e
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ; b2 G& H, g0 h& v, W( v6 H4 P
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
$ R" C0 p& Z6 ^2 t6 e t0 _ * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
0 d( c4 V* S/ m5 o 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
! {4 L, G7 t2 b8 u+ f+ x. [ to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
& c' d( Q* O: F) P" v0 S1 w =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
5 |( S- I7 {" v2 w * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) : s1 n+ e" K% h' ^+ p0 E
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
2 S0 T- ]5 t8 ?5 M* r* ~ * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
- x0 d* ~, w9 E" g * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
' S' }) |% o* c3 R 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: & L4 Y1 O2 b3 {5 h& y$ E5 N
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 3 D y# m1 w! S# y4 H+ [. v
你放屁的次数很多吗?
# I' a8 S: c3 y8 S, a% j) n * Is the gas expelled by belching? 2 `0 {2 d: W% j3 ^
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
! V6 b. L1 j2 f% _/ F+ ~4 K7 a * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
/ }4 `8 Q1 `7 X) x/ w% e 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 3 y" A& W3 U/ g; h: g, o
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 4 e8 U5 v. V; `. x( ]
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
$ e+ F. G4 F8 c% b* B * Be careful not to fart in the public.
; s/ Z/ z6 j( ^+ y5 H 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 0 U0 n8 e. M) m$ }
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
9 r, O# {) s9 ?) Y( [ * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 9 P: C& X4 N) g" a# T. p" U
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
6 M: m" h' X k5 [0 G 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 3 ^8 c0 I* Q8 Z% @$ M H
& N) I; S. S6 I# O% U8 n' @% _ * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
2 E$ o5 i( e6 ?- i, C 胃不舒服有两星期了。) # Q4 b; m6 L! j! }# \5 ]5 h
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
6 B( N8 s; Z0 V2 e6 T& R s, E 他经常便秘。) 或
( h. v, w7 v/ z6 K# Z$ k * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 . c4 s: n: Y+ m3 ?; R
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
" w8 \: k# `8 `: u1 q# e2 o7 D% K * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. * t% F7 h F5 @) J
他拉了一阵肚子。
0 j* s R" C6 }1 k; ? * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
. t% l0 w4 L' D8 s6 t6 `2 i 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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