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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 9 M/ i7 @) |% d5 r7 e$ T: W
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一、厕所 2 S o1 @0 X3 @; V M
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 # a8 n+ O q) P, f8 {1 Y
c7 ?1 Z- I s* A3 M- K) _! i% p 二、解小便
. V+ E. o8 l) g1 c7 y 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ) ~3 T0 s1 J" `' k
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 2 p5 E9 w- W2 c
! A4 q9 \% Q; @! d8 G- j; h+ Q 医生或许也会问: / z3 J, u: u* a9 S/ ]$ @4 |2 c. a
Do you have trouble urinating?
$ ~- J4 h! v8 T; K =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ' ^0 u: K2 S5 O! E* ^+ e, V9 o/ S
6 g' x" d; I M' ]6 q4 ?2 q 此外,还有其他的说法: " K& m8 f) C% z- U
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
! q1 \! B1 l1 B& k * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
* n" [1 }+ E! `# s& g" @. P * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 7 g9 e9 }3 ]5 v& ~3 A3 e
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
1 l4 F- E0 z9 t 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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) N" u0 U; G2 G5 h& u! ?* L" |9 m * He went to the john a few minutes ago. # F8 M: h/ C9 a& S+ O" M9 n
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
; O2 p7 @+ X9 _& P 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 1 q2 C0 N4 }0 d
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: # M9 J9 N5 {. k6 r1 O5 u
* The boy needs to pee. + X) j& a% l: c0 _
' h4 z0 G/ }" x9 C 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
" y \% C, W5 Q4 F5 D$ U! q * Do I need a urine test?
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( e" ?) \& @2 ?" a- n 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: # h1 D( @2 Z* W5 s: F. Z3 K" L( Q) ~% Z
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
4 L: E/ [8 [9 D$ M) n% U * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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, S2 Q/ j- m T8 M) U 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ; a+ q% s, X, b1 u. [" t
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 7 E8 @# u+ h w0 v7 u# P
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
' `9 {3 w3 Z: n: `: |5 v * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 3 @; E$ M2 t6 G5 }8 B
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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4 K! B3 t: G& z5 y; Y, K 三、解大便
/ ]- ^ E6 j. D1 B 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
0 M- j" D! e4 s& d1 C# Y to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
3 M: R: x, n, h" Q( g* I =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
3 Q# z$ z. x+ A5 _, }, V" r. d' B * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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) [% G- m+ Q1 i) I% ~- d0 ]5 v+ n5 O 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
' K, N. e6 f* M9 E9 h * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) . @# @' w% d/ t7 R, K6 l
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
1 A% P! W2 a5 t# ~7 ~7 X+ J. x6 G * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 7 {" r; O/ j& Y! o: q
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四、放屁 ) |. f7 o P& C P0 {3 Q( q" `
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
: j( |$ Q) _8 K7 X t; b How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ( O; s0 {" x5 N+ T2 j% ?
你放屁的次数很多吗? 2 [: O. w* Q+ _6 ~: B
* Is the gas expelled by belching? / a+ f$ t b) I- n
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ) b: ~: s) q* p
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
, m0 | E& i. p# }/ m3 l1 e8 V 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
( X' p/ B7 I2 { * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. , g9 q+ ^( j* a$ j: @, ~# K
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 / u# ~4 c8 T4 Q B
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
) n; L$ s4 K7 S! P! ?( s 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 5 l Y- R- c" |" ^
' D+ L% X* R. O3 a n) l5 z 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 0 x% }- J$ h8 p1 } e+ [; X/ w+ D# {- {
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 2 @2 O: l1 T; z9 `" `6 A3 E
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
3 [$ ]4 t" S3 [/ D: t$ w" h! z 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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+ D3 E9 _. L; [) D6 ^$ o4 _ * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
" @: L# N* F* K% j* { 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
* q: C, x! w) e5 n; { * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) # {% Z+ l, m: I, W# P1 e
他经常便秘。) 或
% u x F+ A* A1 i * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
3 p: \4 y% |; t& o/ C * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
5 V# P! @. K) X; I7 ?; }$ v* W& Y" M * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
9 e! u" ~3 {! T2 M+ d* E 他拉了一阵肚子。
% h3 Z: n7 p0 a" k4 b7 h * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 1 V1 z& y& N% h0 n% F
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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