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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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2 d2 x+ e' m9 y& w$ b# R 一、厕所 * q& J! Q! _" V: s+ \
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 0 ^. J& w' p1 H T& X) h" F# E( I/ I
; S3 o5 K( W- Q' s* T, I 二、解小便
: z# I9 R" R( \- K7 Z3 q/ k/ z 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: i" n3 U5 N# K. ^9 q
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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7 X) p3 i: D: R$ v$ }6 e 医生或许也会问:
! K9 d3 d0 _+ X; d3 g! { Do you have trouble urinating?
$ C h! j9 n6 h A; b# t6 | =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) " K1 @1 k# y! K/ ^; k+ j2 X+ \% d$ M! ~
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此外,还有其他的说法:
# {0 c3 ?7 Z% ?6 @' W' W p to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ( o& A5 K% f; N* v
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ( }0 ^7 O5 \# Q
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 9 `) Q- j; @# p6 d0 ?
8 C1 H+ c+ z5 ^2 C# {" i 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
# C" z; Q, i; v- @ * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. + z+ Y' {+ k" \; @
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 . i( R q+ ^3 e I$ ^
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
8 S$ ]% [/ E7 ~1 Q 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 % K, L& g4 \8 J- X/ y
$ V, W" y) ?6 b! y' |/ g * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 4 Y, g# [' q7 ?
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 1 v1 p2 Q( T9 {! }! B( b* \& K
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: : c$ ?- B6 }: a; Y
* The boy needs to pee.
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. Z4 G6 _* c4 j3 H6 Z( t/ `3 a1 H9 t 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
+ Z2 _* k2 E. g* G- ^ * Do I need a urine test?
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. {8 \* Z8 @9 X/ B, p ? 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
/ ?7 t: o X3 f/ c8 P3 r& T * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ( h4 g4 A2 A" O3 A! Q! b+ @
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 6 z; Z1 B: t- S( q. g, h
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
0 {+ i3 N `! X+ Z. C * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ' p S$ S5 W# p, L$ G
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 8 X/ t3 @) W0 c. f+ ~
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 5 e6 e: ]- E# x; o7 c, K+ H, }
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
* {# v% P! c% V- \ 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 8 e$ M7 N: u+ U
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) * M1 V" F+ t# f4 I( U1 Y7 k( z
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
2 v- @/ S* U% ?9 z3 W, u4 n5 f- h9 U * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) . q. b( l9 y+ ?8 z: @/ r7 a$ c
- b* e! @3 ~0 _. i8 i; F6 u 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
6 ?- q, |& Q; @9 H1 E; S3 W3 l * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: ( z& ~+ U2 k% ^: i" N+ j
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
' ` B# Q& f0 T( e, O% F 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
+ r2 z3 c/ q0 O- Y$ N5 {, m How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
+ M$ z6 r1 S4 D& ]6 X 你放屁的次数很多吗? 1 K% [$ O! B9 B1 \( b
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 3 f+ w! |, f& j8 L% A
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
& I0 D3 ?) O% T5 G# t * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
6 n6 g( x( M$ E! F, K 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
/ r K3 z$ m1 ^: ^4 l" r t * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 8 F' c3 U! [7 E& I6 \6 k
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
; j: u8 ?% ~# {: O/ X( b * Be careful not to fart in the public. * I6 N. P9 h. ~: \/ u
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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5 J2 p4 W0 a, B. e& g7 e. y 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
- a( I! l2 ]8 i/ h+ X * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) : p; w( S1 V' B
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 3 N/ z+ p9 r7 a' I3 ~4 W5 j5 q
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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$ ?# [7 J5 Q& J6 }5 d' E) v * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 1 c7 G6 D' f2 ` f$ v5 g% ~/ i
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
& X7 \: Q5 `+ \, b * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) - F; p6 i; t! l% g0 I! M: `2 F
他经常便秘。) 或
6 O8 Z1 f; [$ u$ F r0 z * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 - v7 V) U( M. V- d! [9 X
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 8 b! b n3 q$ I! W" m0 V
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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9 a1 i% S/ I) R1 I2 z9 J* ]# I( {4 X. n * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. * @! h' B2 i* B" N& { j
他拉了一阵肚子。
) k5 f# V0 m) o3 ^/ d * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 5 O U1 r) _/ H$ C4 r
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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