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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 8 G9 a I8 d, H7 k
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一、厕所 2 M O' \) g) W
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 / }* ]% z! [6 z8 R! Y& N
* m, C! o$ M8 [! e$ x/ U 二、解小便 ( K5 z1 q8 A0 f! l
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 0 z0 E0 y4 m0 l D
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? - M n" z/ G4 ^* J( z
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医生或许也会问: . o- K4 K" G2 q/ j/ k
Do you have trouble urinating?
. [! O3 E( O5 e0 G9 A6 U" i =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 8 D$ {2 [7 d$ x4 K- X" [4 M
" ~+ T1 t- {1 M0 M* [ 此外,还有其他的说法:
' d+ w6 _/ ^. y to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
3 X2 |# \# u- M4 f * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
4 m" K+ y6 a- q! E * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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5 h. D5 c G1 x, q1 F8 X$ ] 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
3 `2 L4 L) z0 L* e * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 8 ~2 T8 A" F% C% k5 A0 y. w I
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 9 K+ E2 [9 ~4 l) ]3 M+ T& H+ i
& j, S: Y, c, O * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
0 ?5 I+ k2 y* w$ C+ p. t: j" X O3 ] 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ' h. D% _2 }# m9 X* v# e& n6 u
7 ]( Y! j7 J0 y! a" H * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
. p4 q1 p9 B' }! J 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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6 a8 z4 g+ T+ k% ~( Z1 E0 i. J! V 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: : y# U/ G% y7 l
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
6 s" @2 o) q: v * Do I need a urine test?
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3 y' l* b0 @% E3 w& u+ E5 Z6 R 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
" G* C8 g& s/ w+ h4 D1 r( i0 I * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
* n) R9 l( Q/ _+ E * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) $ ]5 `/ @" ~* J; L! u" S2 {4 V
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
' o4 }) g$ N) F T' E! T, [5 N * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 7 L5 X* x. N$ Y$ d+ J( k$ s9 X+ Z+ R
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) # P; Z1 w* {! o) b- y
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 7 j2 a# c) q1 C7 b. X
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
* \$ v2 k( Q. E- Y3 k/ ~: |; } 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
" m' Q( Q" x5 g# F3 n, z5 \ to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
) C7 N% x5 Z: _- \* V | =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
9 l, W/ u" o/ _ B8 x * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) $ @8 u$ N" i- _: o1 q$ S. @5 e
; h5 J: U8 F4 Z+ n! L1 Z8 R- j4 A 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ! b9 O5 j- m) b: ^# F
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) ( x4 r7 T" O6 N+ a; s( [
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
% H2 v) ^6 H1 r$ P; k * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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' W& Y0 ]# o" `0 A8 z 四、放屁 ) o/ p/ e0 m5 q$ \+ ]6 a
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
, j( H4 _3 L4 ]; ~8 s7 m8 X: h How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? / b E7 I& K. @% W0 d
你放屁的次数很多吗? & E) q( b* l% P! r5 t
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
6 [1 Y: f$ T2 w: d2 a, o& }- H+ {1 s 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) , P4 O$ ~/ K% r [
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 2 N- B- l, {8 ~4 Z* U# T0 @
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 - m5 w B* x: B( L9 b% m
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
) O4 m6 J1 k0 a5 j0 m' X8 A 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 & \" K: g9 H0 C- f- X0 S
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
& I; S' ]6 c6 t. K! r 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 & P7 B! z1 T/ t; {. B* e
; g; b# F9 ?) D+ d, e 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 5 d& Q# x- f# W" v
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
0 _1 ~3 E* P5 {7 e. I = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. & J9 c/ @& }' i3 v
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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5 r! a3 h l8 p9 x3 N/ v * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 0 g. W5 \" J4 y, h9 k
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
- i" [" G0 W2 j9 C: Z- _9 _) F * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
: L1 y1 p" k& y5 u+ A" N- [ 他经常便秘。) 或 g8 b }, F; N: M8 h
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 ' Q: W! @8 y% f9 b0 Z9 i' K: ~
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
" }7 k. V- A0 i * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. . v) P, I3 \- S i# t# C6 o4 K
& t0 W! W5 f& f5 f* N6 J * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
: o0 P6 I0 ?6 o' I+ B- u4 x 他拉了一阵肚子。
5 b& L$ a- N" U# \5 H) B8 Y * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
# E: p4 {3 {7 Q' Z 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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