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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ! l2 U+ r7 l& w! Q8 B
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一、厕所
8 e6 l! w% H, X6 e 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
8 w; g \2 I0 w& N. F 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
3 p) j! m# C: C( X, T/ d Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
0 g: ?! O, i6 ?7 l1 [ Do you have trouble urinating? 9 Z( x' h. B8 e( O% K' T6 S& w& Q( z
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) " n" [9 e; y7 y' ~7 C
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此外,还有其他的说法: " ^0 i; q8 v: `+ l7 w* I: X! c _
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: % Q' G' z+ _; f: ?+ u) X% U5 b Y
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
, p5 `8 E! n. W9 q/ J2 q, S C * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) . @" }5 ?- @( Q$ l
& X2 y- f5 b: a9 m 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: $ E7 I' F+ I, W8 P2 q
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
8 q: g8 q3 |7 G* P 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. / g# D! l3 G' f5 g7 O! N
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 9 i# ]( _/ ]0 g: h' E% X# h! g
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ' S# A. o* c% V
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 : ]# @8 n6 e+ I. \( y. ]
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
& u! M! U) P1 l$ h8 L* m * The boy needs to pee. & P! o% c% I' j3 q& ?# c: W
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
7 q5 \, u2 c2 ` S/ ?1 x4 U4 l' ?& t * Do I need a urine test? ' _2 `3 B3 P+ I3 w
+ q) M7 {: Y Z& V2 } 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
l; ?4 }2 P' N8 j, T * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
; t: u. r2 ]8 w8 c* ? * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) * f! E! v8 M; Z! |0 m
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
" s3 s7 g& \: v9 Z1 R * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) s; e- C, O& x. s
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) , ?* v; @8 e) g) \' \/ {4 \
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) : }7 ^: [7 v: \1 ]+ ~' l8 [9 B& }
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
3 y9 L3 I/ C# H' {/ t6 m 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: % u1 g0 Y- V4 E L
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
0 u& Z3 k( H/ s9 b4 L) U2 o =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 3 h4 E9 J; d# H3 ]
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ( h; Q3 {- s% C# Q
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 7 G% c( Z; M, ^, Y! U- K7 l& D
% j0 g. t2 Z1 N; R 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
3 i: _$ s8 z/ {' D3 f3 V- | * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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, R: T- w! @, W( k1 H u1 o 四、放屁 8 v1 q: B) {9 z0 |" J
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 9 ?! N8 I* d R |; P4 H7 s0 x
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? . E9 l6 D$ k n: ]6 y
你放屁的次数很多吗? 3 b @. M0 N! a
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 2 |6 f3 y! A' B' [( J5 K/ m/ F
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) / O9 Y/ L; S1 a: J- B6 V2 n: z0 \
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 6 P% t& t: Q- Y& z! t
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
* x% b9 v- h/ V" M * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 5 {$ Y8 [( U+ E: V M4 A! p
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 4 B4 ]6 j! k( v8 N7 s
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 8 q5 [2 z5 s" ~& X
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: & G. L8 K- q% B9 S& p7 e
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 6 u+ s1 K- K" S2 x# A# o$ A
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 7 I5 }" f' ]" k7 b3 j
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) # \; \8 z3 w* P }4 M
: E; Z! ]. E+ N; ^& E9 J* n6 X; P * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
- Y& N: e$ i" O D$ D8 @5 o 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
- u7 V/ C8 t5 Z' G! }$ e2 v * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) " @, n4 ?& ^/ u4 L1 u6 N
他经常便秘。) 或
/ B) f" q8 a8 w: H9 I0 i * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
# N. L1 O6 h; g- R/ y * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 6 K6 q( y) J9 `9 X) D! W
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. % d+ L/ e7 H/ }$ {. ^7 P! s* c
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
' @8 H$ y1 i+ p8 I 他拉了一阵肚子。
" l4 Z; X0 G9 ?5 n( `/ x * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) # T3 x0 E- |# S, l
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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