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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
& o" H) J% s- v 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 * e# { K6 K/ G2 Z. j
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: . e% t* v' Q+ w, V G
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
) y+ g0 r/ N; B c. @4 U Do you have trouble urinating? / K/ x5 r& f9 a' W" s7 p
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 0 K. x) R; i. ?' I
2 l5 s) s8 K: v8 o7 H2 I. O' O 此外,还有其他的说法:
; [3 ?5 S; h6 @2 e9 E8 B to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: + q: t( c( E, P+ r. f; f
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. K9 L& y( P! V4 ~
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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' _& r0 E* T% C7 E* c/ k5 a 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 8 Y& ~* u+ I4 N. u
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
6 w- G6 ~. ^. g- O6 ~8 @/ W- y- P 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ) {" O; ?+ G0 Q( T! t- V
! t x$ g h" ~) z( D$ X1 B" c/ k" m2 h * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
5 J2 Y/ y" O4 l$ [ 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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0 ]/ K% n4 O" \2 Z- K( b * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
" @3 I% Y4 r: R( B4 U7 [; ^# r 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 * X1 W2 ?+ B( H& ^/ \% u
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
( `) I" H: M4 _, D: U; j * The boy needs to pee.
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8 m" w+ }. J* i# s 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
- l3 X: e. y* R/ L, }. d1 S * Do I need a urine test? 0 D2 n, q2 K: I" o4 H
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
1 L. _$ W R. q" y1 [ * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. + A3 [8 y& j5 R3 h/ J+ I
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ) `1 s+ r( u$ s& s+ X
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: - N. ` k- w- {2 c
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 0 N. @* @9 d$ n' J. Q Z
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) * }4 H) \" e) ]. B4 u
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
. P, m H6 `7 w* x7 Y- A * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 ! H) Z% V. F1 ]6 R) M
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ! e" }6 s: g0 ^
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
/ q# B1 ^/ f* P( [- J5 z( o =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: & V* k/ z6 k, g) S8 V- z6 i
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
$ A( |! Q b9 M * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 0 Q6 u' z& I: u. {. k$ ~" \$ L
3 H: n- B& L P. P 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
. T/ @7 O8 U- O/ x2 P * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 1 \$ J" N; t' U4 y5 H0 ~4 @
3 h8 s2 p/ G; ?) { 四、放屁 5 L" l2 a% J6 I# O. y" \
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: * O, f, n" W3 \3 v' B
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
$ H( ~! F j" \1 k 你放屁的次数很多吗? / T9 r7 m+ i! K% `: w
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 0 G* G9 \# V5 h' [) d6 Z
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 5 ~: ^4 j+ \, B0 o9 a g) V
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 4 i; q/ b) P% ~1 Z+ J: e
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 - z$ q' P7 @8 [. m
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. # `0 o6 A0 _ g$ r; v5 y0 t# b
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 9 |8 {4 a# @" c4 ?% ~( g0 O- C
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
# ~' \+ f0 K5 z( x6 l) g 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 8 d1 z4 k% I% ^' W2 k4 k
4 l# Y. w! R' O: B. x- |/ e. j 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: - `9 G6 M; }; [ V. N: @
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
& X+ i6 w6 s5 {8 F = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 8 u! F( z- Z8 t* K$ B6 [
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
: @! X" E5 |2 f k 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
C; v! Y2 Z p2 B4 ` * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
7 C) m9 f- n5 k! Q2 k 他经常便秘。) 或 % \( C0 [2 _1 m U: @
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
9 C) i7 {0 J# ]6 v( |7 h+ M, W: [: \ * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 3 s/ X. [7 S& N5 J$ G7 n/ }
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 8 M% V& }) f5 a% S$ z
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. ! @" K+ A6 ]2 F9 O9 t, T
他拉了一阵肚子。
3 U# N/ _; u. x; M * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 5 r. b u0 {4 }0 C( q
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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