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英文写作必背句型

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老杨团队,追求完美;客户至上,服务到位!
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)9 E% f! b% E3 {8 [# ]/ R
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)2 X4 D5 u" Y( Y0 u# z- t: D1 |+ [. H
例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.' W, I& u. c* m& @
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。! w  F8 a/ O9 v5 T# X/ r
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
8 ^9 E( n" H9 r- k# g9 N) E张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
, {: q' i% |; z) t8 D, o二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V$ b" Y. T, ?) [5 G4 d
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
. D$ w& x6 Q8 J& F例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.
6 f# J/ u/ ^' F# k! [没有比接受教育更重要的事。
& M- ]( D% \. Q6 d8 b& A$ _/ H三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.
% o1 }3 p, W" g(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)
" {6 }6 e% }* j& w例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
# A6 F0 w( ^  q+ ?9 u8 i* r我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。% L) k/ _: K; v
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)* z( ]2 j- I3 {
例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.4 {, d! k# q7 _: h2 D
不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。6 w1 s7 F1 v: d( B' r6 U( @
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...), n/ G- o$ F# p9 D4 f" V
例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.6 d8 O) l: Y' n" F; p$ q
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。, w6 @& C& g/ W, N- Y+ T
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)
7 p& t' E! h; I8 ~例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.% |& f/ \3 P* a. ?, x- @
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。8 C. H% `  H- k0 e
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子(...的优点是...)+ T% j; t! ^7 N9 F4 c9 x2 K
例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.; A; H3 u" t( p
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
) F* T& \2 g7 z. @9 U- y9 X; w八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子(...的原因是...)' Q- R# T% c! N& ~2 N/ @) X: j
例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
  q3 e6 g- z9 o0 A& B- p8 ]The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.+ q6 m7 m' k3 ^  g/ O

1 f  M# o9 f' |# W1 _3 Q4 I5 a# v我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
2 b# h6 L5 k/ {: _' I: }( b九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此...以致于...)
8 _( O* W) R# e" Z& f& W例句:So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
. ~5 d9 s; c* c/ B& g9 E时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。8 T$ h( B/ Q- m3 E
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)
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例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.. e  q6 r  A! n% O/ I$ I0 W
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}# G* o7 H4 {" T3 e! E
虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。! Z8 @0 G- X+ {  M& n  |
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~2 o) F/ }( [$ y1 F9 b% a
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈..,愈...)4 c9 A  n. H: f3 g: P
例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.# r" ^/ G6 h2 [* H* a. B& n
你愈努力,你愈进步。! }8 |/ U7 F8 }5 L% t; h
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
1 J* u; o0 M3 e* X我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。
/ U$ e9 t6 i7 p' D十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...,..能够...)# s" k/ x: i; ^3 v& Q) s
例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
/ F; A! x1 n& a! O, r( J( D借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。
, A% E* b: _; \5 n* i3 Q十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)
7 v; P! t4 }9 D3 G$ m# Z例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.$ Y( a8 {7 B6 O5 v- u! K" `
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
+ e$ w1 q( `% q十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)
! ?$ |7 ~2 ^$ I2 v8 R8 N+ A/ O例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
( `6 I: E. m% l& L$ {我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。( J# N7 e; M: P4 z  F
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)7 e2 S9 d" j8 G( D5 a, [
例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.. ^, {! U( c9 @$ J' C- ~) n9 a
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。# J0 K* Q8 y7 `5 ?; t' Z$ l
十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)
6 v/ p8 y& J" E$ x' h: L例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished." Y5 i& f4 ^3 O/ r! `
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
- a* ]" |7 b+ I& K十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)" r8 D* Z. ]; \: v/ K
例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.
, V* a- [" [! w没有人不渴望上大学。  _4 f5 T1 D  i- c( o& G
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)2 H% K+ B% c8 x3 C, H, a9 C
例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。% w4 W: s$ \# G9 o: {
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)( I* O* d$ x4 ^
It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)
; y7 ~. |! t+ q# e/ nIt is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)
- F& E7 P: w9 g, H例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
) e2 `" U8 @+ U% b1 K) g可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。( h1 O4 J3 i1 Y/ D9 S9 i; P+ s
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)* w' j0 i" |+ M" K( R; K' A# L
例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.
6 c3 p9 E1 l" v6 u- w+ |夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
; b6 O" M( p9 g0 I- `  b0 L3 R二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式...(过去..年来,..一直..)
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例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
' T: p/ N$ h0 i: o+ K过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。9 ]3 F, i' P0 E1 R' w
二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。
' p5 |# G2 _5 h$ m% z  d例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.* D8 V( ^: e% a5 C, p3 t
自从他上高中,他一直很用功。" Z; _: ~3 L2 u. o: |. i
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)0 y+ a  ]& H: g/ |0 z( \1 w/ N
例句:It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
: e* |% G- Y2 y( p二十四、be based on (以...为基础)
$ e- z, L, ~# U6 }  x例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony.% l; d1 k+ L) B0 ?7 x
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。9 ]& J5 g5 J. D1 l+ j9 l
二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)
* x9 P! A) u2 R( j: {+ `We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.' u9 q' T! b' L# K7 P
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
4 e, T3 G6 d" v) S二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让..明白..事)
% C4 I2 C5 z6 \7 G' @4 z' h例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
: `" K4 k& ?" U; |! y  N我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
6 y" ~. i: f& O0 v0 z+ v9 P二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与..息息相关)
4 ^$ A: G5 G# W/ [6 b2 [例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health.7 V; S4 l: V" N4 L
做运动与健康息息相关。
  @3 V1 b- _' `5 m4 b二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving: S4 N3 C  i: `) E
= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)
7 D7 o! Z$ Z/ g6 ]! l7 t; hWe should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
1 J# `: Y. w6 M& |& Q" v我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。) U0 F" a: v0 K7 w
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ (因为...)# V+ G' [% I7 _* S/ g  Y
例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
: o4 H9 m% B; E8 w2 p3 v: z因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。
, v9 |  f, r2 v/ Q7 v- J& i7 e: `1 _" A1 c  N5 [2 Y

6 I% v3 l9 T. n% D) V, u% O% j
$ g' }; z9 N5 X2 F) j三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)
) {; R; B2 c* k- |+ b% M$ a例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise!1 D6 {/ y8 b( M2 r  s
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!  b- A# n8 E4 H3 ?) {
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!/ v8 w4 v- M" y: T8 Z4 w
三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)
% c' f( }2 S6 u( ?4 ], T例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired." Q7 v# w8 w4 o
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
3 O$ s( X6 g  X$ ?三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对..有很大的影响)
( J; T- a. ?" F) E  F例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health.
8 h5 m) Q; A- x% D  o1 Z  q抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
) {/ O% v" u) M4 I' a' V  `三十三、do good to (对..有益),do harm to (对..有害)
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老杨团队 追求完美
例句:Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益6 Q  G  F3 N: ]- i
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
% ^7 ?4 ?% }7 h, |三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)
6 ^3 q/ p2 L; Q: |% p1 W& {例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
: T% C9 U# h7 A  i2 J% W0 x污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
) H% I( S+ u) f三十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best (尽全力去...)
/ `& K$ M5 l5 f$ b  x* _例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.# [! T$ M3 U# t" X( N, s/ v7 Z
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
  J# Z0 f" `6 H$ t$ G$ c% U4 h0 o7 \
5 Q, G8 s% `6 N# i, Y  t8 I: T" v
英文写作必背造词" Z- d) e3 s& U/ [. z7 z
欣赏大自然的风景 to appreciate the scenery of nature: I$ s+ e% f/ `
培养公德心 to cultivate the public mindedness2 U2 H4 [% }7 C7 r) Z
维护健康 to maintain health8 M3 w8 x- X2 d; i" g1 P
保护环境 to protect the environment
  f" C0 C/ [9 O# l开拓视野 to broaden the horizon
0 w# t8 E0 m; L6 j: ^  u! i, K开拓心胸 to broaden the mind5 m- i% n+ H1 r/ D- Y
调剂生活 to make life pleasant3 ]2 P  I! r. e, C2 D! ^) @
松散身心 to relax oneself
& R* O9 H) l% |7 P- y3 }启迪心灵 to enlighten the mind
- L' W7 j' O# w灌输知识 to impart knowledge into someone
0 m/ f6 [, z! U5 p  w追求理想 to seek after the ideal
9 t' T- l" n. I9 B/ q0 j8 Z8 D1 g实现抱负 to realize one's ambition
: W5 k" e* J8 W- T. s守信用 to keep one's promise
% h. j+ K; z/ Y( I& M跟上时代 to keep up with the times
4 }$ I9 j* I2 y! c1 d7 _欣赏古典文学 to appreciate the classical literature& B$ P* x: H0 m5 i0 F& ^
学习吉他 to learn guitar
0 L2 L/ s& f6 p, u* D陶冶品德 to cultivate the character
7 h1 y  H6 a, L9 {贡献国家 to contribute oneself to the country
. u1 |6 M& |) A) e5 H" f锻炼身体 to strengthen, exercise the body
" [5 S6 i& T; [& R$ E缺乏休闲活动 to lack recreations
- B: _1 ]. ^. U6 |作笔记 to take notes0 v/ O  A* o* [7 N. X) r6 n% p$ m& h
使用参考书 to use reference books6 n7 O& V# y( E8 L, t9 F2 B
关心社会 to be concerned about the society
, ?' u1 P2 P7 A服从校规 to follow the rules of the school; D2 e# q/ J' Y2 h/ h: T2 @
尽身为学生的责任 to fulfill one's duty as a student& l4 d2 |5 N: m- q) F. K+ `
克服困难 to overcome the difficulty2 i. z& I- C" |# P( T+ w+ J  ^7 ~! `
面临困难 to be confronted with the difficulty9 ]5 K5 C9 w9 g( _, _1 e6 B  v8 k# g
渡过困境 to weather the storm* _# _8 V# V. R( f8 z1 I8 V: k
走快捷方式 to cut the corner
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量脉搏 to feel the pulse
4 W+ E# t& A, U/ I" {# f* @开药方 to prescribe the medicine) s6 d7 v: G1 O; r' ^2 v1 J
坚守原则 to stick to the principle
1 q) t' M$ S  W3 \, V注意卫生 to emphasize the importance of hygiene6 u5 Y6 f" y9 c1 Y$ b
乱丢垃圾 to litter; to scatter garbage3 T! C( y) ]* ^/ j
美化环境 to beautify the environment
+ v0 S9 ~! u1 r3 O; d种植树木 to grow trees4 q) j. M( {( _; H) ]
防止污染 to prevent the pollution
! k- o  u5 @& T" `8 Q  _提升生活品质 to promote the qualities of life
9 V$ }; h3 J- Q; L: W造成损害 to do damage to
. g$ d% |. L2 {/ d4 d& d对...有益 to benefit; to be beneficial to0 U( B: I5 K5 c! \/ q
对...有害 to be harmful to; to do harm to
# a( J& o. A/ j# ~任意停车 to park the car at random
% K* y! q- M; G制造噪音 to make noises' [2 C4 o+ F3 N3 K1 h# ?
占用人行道 to occupy the sidewalk
! d" i! i! c2 @% h  f, e5 s! A妨碍交通 to hinder the traffic! L7 X- u# t; ~7 u2 A
排放污烟、废气 to belch smoke, exhaust, fume
+ q8 z  u$ \  l) }2 T! \造成不便 to cause inconvenience: z7 t5 y8 r1 z9 U8 S' e8 v
造成混乱 to bring about the disorder" r4 y  _( i. u) Z" C& a7 x- L
闯红灯 to run through the red light2 _+ u3 G" T: P, [! Q* W4 ?# {. h1 n
利用天桥 to make use of the overpass/ l4 L- r# D* O7 o& z0 r7 n5 g1 \
查字典 to consult the dictionary
. y% b) u/ H1 U  W! @/ Q屏息 to hold one's breath2 v- Q1 V3 j- u; _3 t
流泪 to shed tears; X: q1 N/ |7 y9 J  n
符合需要 to meet the demand, I/ U1 l9 i/ T, e  l$ `
生根 to take root
; L% }5 v# w) g7 C  S# m. Q4 F3 N4 U: b; |产生结果 to bear fruit0 _$ v5 |; t3 I1 |! x( f
打破沉默 to break the ice
3 m( I. j' r6 @3 B* l9 s) Q气馁 to lose heart; to get discouraged
- B: P- \, G9 X; F振作 to pull oneself together; to take heart
& F! x- \' p& k$ e6 f采取步骤 to take steps; to take measures4 P+ p: N) g" f) J0 U1 E
缓和悲伤 to ease ( alleviate ) the sorrow0 m" K4 ]7 n: [) H7 Q; o1 `5 I" Y0 ?- X
承受负担 to bear the responsibility5 I" h  U; {: u* H+ [/ H
考虑到 to make allowance for
- L5 Y' T# Y1 s把握机会 to seize the opportunity
! h6 Q" z( Y; l( _跑腿 to run an errand
$ B7 A+ J, l2 O( J% ~2 A" U树立楷模 to set a good example
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接受教育 to receive education
3 x, E; r5 R  T5 {- K! n提升生活的水准 to raise the standard of living
$ q) z, U) S8 ]: Q/ ~% R  X- l告辞 to take one's leave
3 H' i* \9 q5 Q& b有很深的了解 to have a deep understanding of# W- B1 Q  D' d/ J; N  k
跟随流行 to follow the fashion6 e4 ~& M, }& F: ~2 m* v2 O1 [
提钱 to withdraw money
2 G, S# X5 Y$ ^9 C( @: ?6 ?3 F存钱 to deposit money
( p- d! o9 i5 z. A2 E良心不安 the conscience stirs
. e% r: P+ U( b& ], n7 Z5 x/ e8 ~8 g5 o自立 to be independent; to stand on one's own
% v. `$ t$ U: |- w4 B英文很好 to have a good command of English5 K' O" }. L, O( t, t" O6 W
有广泛的知识 to have a wide range of knowledge! c( D' s5 _$ v, `; R
喜爱艺术 to have a great liking for arts
2 I$ v7 o! y. ~% r  q扮演重要角色 to play an important role in/ E+ }5 [, ]* [
聊天 to have a chat with, ~. A6 t5 l9 @) ]- |
有...才能 to have a talent for% L3 T2 l! O4 l" m+ M0 M" |( I
选择 to make a choice
3 c& x6 N& ~3 D: \# i7 i有很大的影响 to have a great influence on0 G' ?. Y2 X+ u4 _7 {% |( ^3 X4 @
予人...很深的印象 to make a deep impression on
# t4 o* _( J: t0 t1 p6 J愚弄 to make a fool of
5 P1 o/ g* v( E, A找借口 to make an excuse; T" U7 B# W, m4 Z5 d( S7 O
给人搭便车 to give one a lift7 x% h0 H! F* X3 y! l+ H9 {3 |
打电话 to give someone a ring
3 }+ x3 ~- u1 m( v2 A冒险 to take chances
/ y6 u; i0 O& H& s怀恨 to bear grudge against someone) k, f3 D* E! P" v$ z. @$ m( W
牢记在心 to bear .....in mind
8 C3 _: J( `6 ^5 s8 _1 |+ M' D板着脸 to pull a long face
. N5 A# r  D! a1 z对...充耳不闻 to turn a deaf ear to
; s  ]( n" w8 ~被开除 to be dismissed from school
( r! x4 V! j2 w7 R' q生气 to be angry with ( at )
- v# C! b7 E( {7 Q6 |负担责任 to assume the responsibility( }% u$ C5 m1 W$ U; E+ V6 ~
符合需要 to serve the purpose
" u( D, J# B6 e! T' U! }; w# z4 J9 S变胖 to gain weight
% {4 f! F0 b# z* S9 V有道理 to make sense
4 w4 ?+ _2 v2 [0 f0 f; f( ^记日记 to keep a diary
: t  X" K* A  }- j3 A尽己所能 to do what one can
+ H5 \' I2 f- N. e4 }; n擅长网球 to be at home in tennis
. q" i" S6 x! \郊游 to go on an outing
: B1 ~3 W) O6 s  r消磨时间 to kill time
2 r& m# N/ ]6 |- f9 o( O增加生活的情趣 to increase the pleasures of life0 u8 I+ X+ I1 v& N6 l: t% [
精神抖擞 to be ( feel ) refreshed
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老杨团队,追求完美;客户至上,服务到位!
解除紧张和焦虑 to relieve the tension and anxiety' G  h# d6 s/ U8 l8 v3 N; z
宣泄久积的情绪 to release the pent-up feelings
$ F* M/ _" H; a2 _0 D9 h游手好闲 to fool around
9 o" s' f$ `# L4 N: L5 _准备考试 to prepare for the examination* H6 g( a$ ~, U
参加课外活动 to take part in the club activities6 O+ p( l! S! Z3 c2 B
无精打采的 to be listless% n2 Z/ m# M$ Y3 W7 o! [  B
精力充沛的 to be vigorous, energetic
. \# V; r. ^- \, K- ^! Q7 {& r- X) P防台 to guard against the typhoon. Q8 l3 t; \3 h3 v, n' B
逃避现实 to escape the reality
1 @7 Q* Z0 d( P( W达到目标 to achieve the aim1 x4 J6 t  H3 v$ b. p$ C, L
五育并重 to lay equal emphasis on the Five Disciplines
) `6 w5 r- A! o& g% F/ o: q  B感到无聊 to feel ( be ) bored, W: G7 F6 [& G1 h+ ~, _
感到剌激 to be excited' _& L, i" G' g5 R
感到满意 to be pleased, satisfied
8 l) ^' ~9 N+ ^+ c" K# ^% l) l) g' g; n感到失望 to be disappointed
- s5 M7 c% e/ N& Q5 I感到振奋 to be encouraged, inspired
' ]4 I& ~& S) m- o6 @感到气馁 to be discouraged, frustrated
8 {$ ^  c1 A" V4 U0 O感到疲倦的 to be exhausted
" \2 z& z, @3 x. J, i% v7 h感到烦恼 to be worried, upset, disturbed, bothered
, e8 ~" W2 P9 t, y% r2 ^5 J放弃理想 to abandon the ideal
$ W) c4 g' x9 i3 v2 Q& z, y奠定基础 to lay the foundation
9 W& U' M7 H1 u失去耐心 to lose patience+ W4 P$ e' H# ~! r" x
进步 to make progress
; Z% b) Q$ J# b% U' @; j失去连络 to lose track of! N$ G$ n8 m* E, z/ `
保持连络 to keep in touch with
$ c6 F& A/ H7 t" E( u& @+ S, q误入歧途 to go astray
! U% n; }$ @- a; m4 _# _养成...的习惯 to make it a rule to; to cultivate the habit* O1 B1 m$ ^: i0 m. k
统一中国 to reunify China
( y+ A$ @5 ]2 y$ a# `1 v- K! E' X遇到交通阻塞 to be caught in a traffic jam
* h- ^6 ?8 y. ?- a4 ?4 @给...教训 to teach someone a lesson
- k3 ^% h4 w1 o0 v% i改过自新 to turn over a new leaf& x1 R+ |6 \# {& p- v
引以为乐 to take delight in
! R, Y3 V' K4 C! M0 n予...以打击 to deal a heavy blow to
8 f4 S2 c' {& s6 u. H0 l- t5 s予...以威胁 to pose a threat to7 e5 B  }3 B4 t! J
取代 to take the place of
5 I0 s. {" G, h2 X6 L1 Z预作保留 to make the reservation* d; _, c* [( u7 D& p
使...澈夜未眠 to cost someone a sleepless night6 w% p  r3 P; ?- a! Z* y# y
充满喜悦 to be filled with joy
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背诵 to learn....by heart! s( {; N) g! V2 U% z; j( t( p$ I! E
鼓励 to encourage, inspire: Z; g  F1 c- ~" }: e* g5 }! g
产生不同 to make a great difference/ L" w" C. Y5 }$ K" [8 \+ W
犯法 to violate the law- N/ |4 c- C. ^3 Q7 b7 t- T
不遗余力 to spare no efforts to( r; r. T2 @4 h. S3 ]2 q
不辞辛劳 to take the pains to* m9 h* M7 n5 t' Y9 J
  to
* s0 ?' O) I5 R4 a
: n$ o! ~2 X2 u5 Z  n: K  语气转承词  a5 I$ R6 }1 D/ Y8 ~& }) O+ W

% ]4 d% g4 y- L1 o5 J; b/ w语气转承词是连系意念的字,有助于增加文章的连贯性。转承词以两种重要的方式来增加连贯性;首先,转承词有助于该段文字自身间的连贯性,这时转承词安置于句间,以使前一句与次一句的语意流畅。其次,转承词有助于段落间的连系,置于段首的转承词,将前段所讨论的意念顺畅地过场到次一段,做进一步的申论。. p2 i2 e# R4 I4 b& W8 K

! G. ~1 R  W  d6 s以下,就转承词的功能区分为十二种。学习者应记住不同转承词的功能,并就各大项中重要者熟背几个,将来段落写作时就可派上用场,以增加文章之流畅,以下是十二种转承词,分别用来表示:
5 N! \1 z1 }0 @9 v4 g6 U0 z# y9 A9 }* W
一、解释( to explain ). s" e$ a$ d: K
1. now现在;那么(表示转变话题、要求、安慰、警告、解释、惊异等,通常置于句首并加逗点) 2. in addition而且;此外 3. in this case在这种情况下 4. in fact其实;实际上 5. for this reason因为这个缘故
9 p5 o3 v. i" G# @0 g, u例句:1.Now, follow the directions carefully.4 z) j0 c: i+ V0 d- A" o& {6 K
2.In addition, there are two museums in the city.
: S) `) d$ ]' D* ?) o5 K' a3.The problem, in this case, is hard to solve.
' U+ Y: _# ~* ]7 d- y9 B二、强调( to emphasize )
# s1 W2 _9 D- l4 C1. certainly确实地 2. indeed确实地 3. surely确实地 4. above all尤其;最重要者 5. most important ( of all )最重要的是' E5 Q) ~9 W# X! H3 \- U; m' q
例句:1.Certainly the vacation was fun." W; C8 ~% x5 B, N4 F; G' g
2.Indeed, no man is an island.谚语:人不能离群索居。
; k; R7 D4 r- @- E* b4 J3.Above all, avoid swimming alone in strange waters.(陌生的水域)
4 m% D: I+ e" q- E2 J/ ~- A
3 W, E4 `3 ?. h1 }9 J. N# X  q; u- ] 三、举例( to illustrate )- ]- }& h6 d& V
1. for example例如 2. for instance例如 3. thus就这样 4. next其次;然后 5. namely那就是 6. that is那就是 7. in other words换言之 8. that is to say换言之;那就是说 9. in particular尤其;特别 10. particularly尤其 11. especially特别地;主要地3 A5 {: y* A  M
例句:1.A good speech, for example, should be as short as a skirt.1 y: z# g6 E% T; k% F( O, N( w
2.For instance, light travels faster than sound.
3 U$ n' ^# G# ^+ D7 K( ]3.Next, think of the courses you want to take.
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四、增加或附属( to add )
/ |! \( H1 o8 w, Q& \) V2 w! C1. in addition而且;此外 2. furthermore而且;更有甚者 3. also也;而且 4. moreover而且;更有甚者 5. again而且 6. and而且 7. besides而且 8. in addition to除...之外 9. what's more而且
% ?% t: d6 j6 i& B例句:1.In addition, the tour stops in Tokyo., n2 I$ |) Y" H' {' C3 n. v7 ~
2.furthermore, he is too old to do that.
( W& D! D: z7 T2 \7 d8 q4 p3.Also, she asked for some money.* _, K  T) T0 l: n

6 I( u& H# t2 b/ G2 c" k, k6 ~; Q 五、比较( to compare )尤其是相同性质的比较: ~& Q2 ?1 {1 i  i1 U
1. like像 2. likewise同样地 3. in the same way同样地 4. similarly同样地 5. too也 6.equally important同样重要地
8 m  l* r! I' a# K! B) j例句:1.Like Peter, Tom is a good swimmer.4 {5 v/ Q3 H+ h5 W8 _) L9 F
2.In the same way, we look for a good doctor.1 L# z3 [+ d. p8 q6 H/ p, F# l
3.The car uses less fuel. Equally important, the car drives ninety miles per hour.2 z6 r0 A# c; ~' ?2 W* y3 B

) D( e. Y) f. y2 A( E, }4 J' o 六、对比关系或相反的意思( to contrast )9 Q& M3 Q0 e% f5 j* ~0 N, @' C' c: b
1. unlike不像 2. in contrast相反地 3. on the other hand另一方面 4. for another thing另一方面 5. on the contrary相反地 6. instead代替;更换;反而 7. but然而;但是 8. instead of代替;不...而 9. nevertheless然而 10. however然而 11. still然而 12. yet然而 13. after all毕竟 14. in spite of虽然 15. despite虽然
) h6 {' F- ?9 j* j6 A2 Z例句:1.Unlike Tom, John is brave.& n" I* ~, V3 |9 U! g  Y
2.In contrast, they took to the streets.相反地,他们走上街头。
8 a- q3 y! N4 Q% M5 L* `8 Z3.Instead, the new law caused many problems.
3 G' |- V1 [5 B! A9 A七、让步( to concede )
% d5 ^3 }9 v& s9 [1. although虽然 2. nevertheless然而 3. of course当然 4. clearly确实地 5. naturally自然地 6. perhaps或许& |1 ^+ f* X- I& ^- j% B
例句:1.Although she ran after the train, it left without her.. \" K4 R) g$ A- s  u" e' o
2.He planned, nevertheless, to ask for our help.
8 l3 d, K4 S  u( h7 R7 w& x! A3.Clearly, a garden needs a lot of care.5 f; C* U6 M6 j9 |5 _( R
八、结果( to state a consequence )' \, j* K- W: m4 c# `0 h
1. therefore 2. consequently 3. as a result 4. thus 5. accordingly 6. hence以上皆表「因此」,「所以」,「结果」 7. so所以;因此$ c3 x. S/ p! }# b# G# w- W, M" T
例句:1.They hoped, therefore, to be respected.9 m; l* w0 M+ Z
2.Consequently, we opened an account at the bank.8 @# w0 I$ ]* R
3.Accordingly, she gave up her original plan.% Q$ H2 B5 R2 N4 N
九、综合;总结( to sum up )+ b! j2 x" D# ?) c% U
1. to sum up 2. to summarize 3. to conclude 4. in sum ( in summary )5. in conclusion以上皆表「总之」 6. in brief 7. in short 8. in a word 9. to be short 10. in a nutshell以上皆表「简言之」 11. by and large一般来说 12. finally最后 13. in general一般而言 14. on the whole整个来说 15. generally speaking大体而言;一般而论
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例句:1.To conclude, Chinese New Year is the most important holiday.
6 W1 ^" p9 ?- z8 n6 h  d2.In summary, recreation is a big business.& l. q) N+ q2 F" [1 ]4 f
3.I will tell it in a nutshell.! W* ~5 X3 k$ g+ R
十、时间关系( to state sequence of time )' `. R. F- E: h% d4 H
1. after a long time ( after a short time )过了很久,过了不久 2. after a long absence过了很久 3. presently目前 4. meanwhile同时 5. after a while一阵子之后 6. once曾经;一度 7. since then自从那时起 8. at the same time同时 9. temporarily暂时地 10. later稍晚 11. afterward后来 12. thereafter其后 13. lately最近;近来 14. sooner or later早晚5 Q, S( t/ q5 @; O# Q4 _# r
例句:1.They met after a long absence.
1 W/ [$ g" l. \2.Meanwhile, they were at war with their enemy.) e$ V2 o+ w1 h) A9 r
3.Thereafter, they never met again.
- }1 B- |+ r& y十一、顺序、列举或思想的延续( to state order )
& b% @5 I7 C2 ?# b" P$ c1. first首先 2. in this manner ( in this way )就这样 3. first of all首先 4. in the same way同样地 5. second其次 6. third第三 7. in the first place首先 8. then然后 9. next下一个 10. again再次 11. finally最后;终于 12. eventually终于 13. by the way顺便一提 14. incidentally附带地;顺便一提; P* R- z! p8 V1 T! R
例句:1.First of all, jogging makes the heart stronger.* r6 \& F- Y# w% d$ r
2.Eventually, they came to an agreement." L. a; ]* Q6 i8 K
3.Incidentally, medical supplies will be sent here next Monday.
5 c5 ?( E3 B3 n, H  m* U十二、方向( to state directions )( B. C& R. w9 j" E! R$ ?' G, }* C
1. below在...下面 2. next to在...的旁边 3. beyond超越;越过 4. on the ( my, your, etc. ) right在...右边 5. further更远处 6. on the left在左边 7. here这里 8. nearby在附近 9. opposite to在...对面
+ s) k, Y7 N/ I" i& x9 j例句:1.Next to the national cemetery, there was an old church.
& U4 R; G" V8 v. h9 R6 N+ a8 ~2.On my right lies the beautiful river." u$ H& z$ u8 |7 v% J0 ?/ K+ |
3.Opposite to their building, there was an elm tree., Q, W, X( C3 h' W
---------------------------------------------------------------
# V0 _0 x2 y4 ~3 d! L  h% v* z8 V7 k 英文作文「起、承、转、合用语精选」) X& J; m  z- ~( D, q

/ {: t. x# b5 R, |英文作文之起、承、转、合用语是帮助同学使文章之前后语气连贯、表意流畅,从而使全文看起来肌理分明、组织结构严谨,以便在作文写作上拿到更好的分数。但以下所列者,同学要想在短时间内速成,不妨在起、承、转、合用语中各选六、七个用法不同者熟背之,并试着在自己平常的作文中运用出来,使熟能生巧,才能令你的作文如虎添翼。当然,同学不应该忘记,这些用词只是套语,真正重要的还是文章内容,所以平常多读、多写,丰富自己的意念与想象力,才是作文拿高分的最佳途径。
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2.As far as I know, S + V...据我所知,…7 H3 v# f$ l! v% |: P( Y
3.As the saying goes, S + V...常言道,…
2 `/ L- x1 t% q1 \) q3 ?4.Everybody knows that + S + V...众所周知,…2 p. W  ?) F; `: q* |
5.Frankly speaking, S + V...坦白地说,…. t* B( q9 x5 B
6.Generally speaking, S + V...一般而言,…
+ w1 w& y, J. [9 c9 ]- X7 t& A7.I'm of the opinion that + S + V...依我之见,…$ [' n; S, P6 `' Y- ]! d# A
8.I am greatly convinced that + S + V...我深信,…
3 ?  S. A* x+ T* \* k) D9.In dealing with..., one cannot but admit that S + V...在讨论…,一个人不得不承认…0 ?) C9 [3 w  b1 G1 ^# G
10.In general, S + V...一般而言,…
* ~9 W& w2 }1 t11.In my opinion, S + V...依我之见,…7 ^, u+ R/ Q2 g8 B5 `, A$ f: A
12.It can be easily proved that S + V...…是容易证明的0 n2 T; B2 o) j9 ]$ b8 C/ V9 ~/ e1 V, L
13.It goes without saying that S + V...不消说,…5 h' K5 T$ z0 e+ {1 m; N4 L4 e
14.It is out of the question to V…是不可能的3 L' P% {9 N& y6 Y- N. J+ y
15.It's quite obvious that S + V...不消说,…
( m: y5 V: o2 l% o; E1 p16.It is said ( reported据报导, known一般皆知, estimated据估计, believed一般相信, expected一般预料 ) that...据说) ~; E8 a" K/ a( h; z  O
17.It is important ( necessary必要的, urgent紧急的, proper适当的 ) that S (should) + V(…是)重要的% I5 M1 V0 U" Z- x/ U
18.It's true that + S + V...事实是6 j. `4 E$ y% }/ _
19.Lucky to say, S + V...说来幸运,…
* J, s+ {6 x- k) P1 d20.Needless to say, S + V...不消说,…
2 W5 f2 l7 e- I21.No one can deny that + S + V...没有人可以否认…$ ~- m. e, t; a* E+ ^, {- w
22.Nothing in the world can delight me so much as ...世界上没有什么比…更令我高兴
3 A# D  R- l1 S: T& @" p" e23.Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than...在我所认识的人当中,也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬
/ v9 h) m" t: y' j24.On the average, S + V...一般而言,…" V# Y# Y% o) y# j4 n' n
25.Regretful to say, S + V...说来遗憾,…
' I- R# k9 }3 ^- G1 ^26.Sad to say, S + V...说来可悲,…. f2 y. ]" u8 B$ r+ {; D
27.Strange to say, S + V...说来奇怪,…" D  Z9 S  Y  r" V0 N+ V1 i+ X: M
28.Strictly speaking, S + V...严格地说,…
8 @8 f% E4 n% x1 ^! ?( {29.There is no doubt that S + V...毫无疑问,…
& j. [- R" }) Y30.There is no V-ing...…是不可能的" `1 x$ g" q( S( l, k. M
31.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说,…9 Q$ o% w3 c4 X3 R) m7 }+ X
32.To the best of my knowledge, S + V...据我所知,…2 b" n6 Y( l. @+ Z
2 V2 D- F+ L6 E* H' c5 Z
  (承)
) C! o% H* [0 G  V$ a! S% \; V4 D) R+ p; y5 B) |
1.According to + N , S + V...根据…,…4 K2 Y7 g6 g0 u% S$ z" Z
2.As a matter of fact, S + V...实际上,…( H" m4 X# O% ]- O+ ^9 c
3.As far as I'm concerned, S + V...就我而论,…
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4.As good ( ill ) luck would have it, S + V...幸运地(不幸地): L3 m0 |$ l  |$ ?# [0 z0 y
5.As is often the case with + O, S + V...…对…是常有的事0 R& F+ N- Z; J' x* \9 o
6.Besides, we should not neglect that S + V...此外,我们不应忽略% m0 d+ X% C& H9 p. @2 ?$ C
7.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore, ...但是问题不是如此单纯。所以…
' o! D" O/ z) U0 O( ~' S# O9 r8.But it is a pity that S + V...但是遗憾的是…( N) W/ c, i8 C; I1 V6 H
9.Compared with + N, S + V...较之…,…
# z: n3 i7 B- J6 y$ B  ~0 X# E10.Even if ( Though ) + S1 + V1, S2 + V2...即使…,…
' V+ [2 F8 N" G% p# c. P# I8 h4 f" W2 c11.First of all, S + V...首先,…
$ u5 R& x  G- @  h, j3 x12.For all + N, S + V...虽然…,…
( `  e* C( t  e13.For example, S + V...例如,…8 |3 [$ T1 Q9 ^, |  D/ n8 Z; i
14.For instance, S + V...例如,…
; e/ o/ w( `' q0 D: J15.For one thing, S + V...一则,…9 _+ ~9 u8 l' B% {- f9 ]
16.For the other, S + V...另一方面,…
4 P8 t% j: s# @+ R) Z7 B  _1 N17.For this reason, S + V...因为这个缘故,…
+ K3 `8 w, t8 ~- `1 _18.I take it for granted that S + V...我认为…是理所当然的
" G( Z1 W* P7 J; p19.If we take ... into account ( consideration ), we + V...如果我们考虑到…,我们…
9 ^5 h0 M$ ]4 {$ U5 q, r9 x+ L( B20.In accordance with + N, S + V...根据…,…8 D6 X- q3 F& C3 o0 h6 d
21.In addition, we should + V...此外,我们必须…
  E" z, `; t" R5 X8 z2 U22.In all likelihood, S + V...十之八九,…  k7 M  p% j3 M
23.In comparison with + N, S + V...和…比较,…
0 R# q! g1 [" r9 z% d, {24.In fact ( reality, truth ), S + V...事实上,…& W1 u, }: b. t. F
25.In nine cases out of ten, S + V...十之八九,…" U8 W; G; v) @) k8 X" e! k' K
26.In other words, S + V...换句话说,…
2 K- Q/ z) W6 g% ?27.In relation ( respect, regard, reference ) to + N, S + V...关于…,…( }# J9 m$ H1 {+ [4 M) G# N- N
28.In spite of + N, S + V...虽然…,…
* o9 G# A5 J( i) O29.In the beginning, S + V...首先,…% d" t; q, e% y  L5 d
30.In the first place, S + V...首先,…4 K# W/ Q) E/ u2 _0 S  F" p
31.It is not too much to say that S + V...…说起来并不过份3 f# B+ A% C* G
32.No matter wh- + S1 + V1, S2 + V2...无论…,…1 `3 ?, e5 ]7 s, N  y
33.To begin with, S + V...首先,…
  v9 g; f9 J5 D( P9 P9 p( V- z34.To change another words, S + V...换句话说,…
! ]9 C% b% K$ Z# G# A6 x35.To cite an old saying, S + V...套句古人说的话,…
/ b  K8 o* P1 b/ U% k36.To one's astonishment, S + V...令某人吃惊地,…
  _; u- K+ G. l37.To one's delight, S + V...令某人高兴地,…& E' ?! @+ t8 [- A( D/ h5 L$ j/ s
38.To one's disappointment, S + V...令某人失望地 ,…
+ o2 m( P0 P, A- `: P1 S# d39.To one's excitement, S + V...令某人兴奋地,…
+ \: V( X0 b7 ?, h& T, F' H40.To one's joy, S + V...令某人高兴地,…
& F4 x7 ]  ^9 ^4 X# H4 w3 h41.To one's regret, S + V...令某人后悔地,…1 O  z9 t- t( `2 Y4 C
42.To one's surprise, S + V...令某人吃惊地,…
: ?& x# e; f4 Z* t43.To start with, S + V...首先,…
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同言同羽 置业良晨
44.To take...for example, S + V...举…为例,…" Y1 R8 g4 Z. k) u2 c; u4 T. M
45.We have enough reasons to V我们有足够的理由…/ b8 p, i# g- o! g, F$ X6 J
46.What I must emphasize is ...我必须强调的是…* C1 l7 a" X8 m+ |3 b
47.What's more, S + V...此外 ,…* D$ H( ~7 e" U' d) _6 L8 y
48.What seems to be the problem is that S + V...问题似乎是…8 I+ m0 e0 w3 u/ N" z5 o5 e

( @  ^! q" S& A3 E  (转), N8 j* g' p" s. R' x; s7 T# y
* t) q% ^6 V; m7 x7 C1 v! {
1.By contrast, if..., it will certainly be the fact that S + V...相反地,假如…,那一定…
; a: |" Z/ r$ n2.But for + N, S + V(假设法过去式或过去完成式)...若非…,…
9 c1 i3 f! H1 w3.From now on, S + V...从现在起
  u- q. W) L8 }7 r9 ~! Z; s4.Hardly had + S1 + V1(p.p.) when ( before ) + S2 + V2...一…就…" \  u9 J# i6 _- j2 C& @
5.Have you ever + V (p.p.)....?你曾经…吗?
; I0 I1 b! d9 W  L" i' K: o" x# ^6.If by any chance S1 + V1, S2 + V2....万一…,…
# @7 N) M1 N1 q7.If only + S + V...!但愿…!
  \' Q) t5 V3 h% n0 w. h8.In other words, S + V...换句话说,…) e# v; x/ ~( J7 r
9.In the meantime, S + V...同时,…. u# ?3 d; G1 P
10.In the similar way, S + V...同样地,…
# M% v; x) N5 s11.In this manner, S + V...如此一来,…$ O% Q( {7 I- W1 J  c; m7 V
12.In this light if..., there can surely be no doubt that S + V...有鉴于于此,假如…,确实无疑地…% ]) Q3 @$ C( k! j6 d6 W' H, K4 X7 s
13.Indeen, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2...没错…,但是…/ v9 S, c! J& l: l
14.It's 强调的人、事、物、地、时 + that S + V...正是…
; W, R0 h0 m9 Z7 {! @8 e+ `15.It's high ( about ) time for + O + to V...该是…的时候了8 R) E% a4 W4 ]5 ]% N
16.It's high ( about ) time that + S + should V...该是…的时候了9 a( e6 i( s* ~1 L) q$ L
17.It stands to reason that S + V...…是理所当然的
8 n3 g0 b7 P( R# V+ Y' b4 z18.No doubt, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2...没错,…,但是…
8 O/ v/ q- \1 `$ `8 Y3 p19.Now that S1 + V1, S2 + V2...既然…,…% K& l& z7 K- I& Q; O2 E7 M
20.On the contrary, S + V...相反地,…
# b. X; w1 M4 y( ~- Q% B; k21.On the one hand, S + V...一方面,…* g; U0 z0 V+ S% [$ s1 G
22.On the other hand, S + V...另一方面,…4 i: b3 Y" W/ n$ u; V! |
23.On ( Upon ) V-ing, S + V...一…就…. p) n: Q7 V. A
24.Owing to + N, S + V...由于…,…) s. J* S8 z/ G1 w5 G  ^( O
25.The chief reason why + S + V + is...…主要的原因是…3 K. v1 A' {& g9 t4 J3 i8 z8 E
26.To do one justice, S + V...公平而论,…$ A2 |- W. T& P, \9 G; w  `
27.To make matters worse, S + V...更糟的是,…& @: t! {. J" u/ j6 W- Y
28.To put it differently, S + V...换句话说,…4 u- Z' X; L- l9 Q( i1 o% j/ Y
29.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说,…( `5 M8 v: H, B, \( w( k$ d
30.Undoubtedly ( Absolutely ) S + V...毫无疑问地,…( f8 F3 [6 o# C& s' J% @5 F* {: P7 S
31.We must recognize that S + V...我们必须承认
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32.We cannot be too +我们愈…愈好: I: L0 o. A! K9 \% V( `: a* e, a, B
33.We cannot + V + too +我们愈…愈好2 Y3 d% R3 ~# y) i6 x' M
34.We cannot over-V我们愈…愈好9 e( ^6 O: A4 K2 y7 l; S6 W. q  V
35.What if S + V.........?要是…该怎么办?
  x- A. i  J' ^0 [0 c1 _6 C36.What's worse, S + V...更糟的是 ,…
5 p4 Q# B3 X. H( q37.Without + N, S + V(假设法)... 若非…,…8 f$ Q: H( E/ `
38., not to mention + N…,更甭说…
7 p+ d# x! [& \+ f$ `39.; that is to say, S + V...…,那就是 ,…% x. ~, |$ S. H" N
(合)
& j. s: o6 B, T9 l9 ^. ~
9 x/ X/ c* M; I$ H! W4 v3 l$ h1.Above all ( things ), S + V...最重要地,…
1 K+ o, _& _5 s( U: z2.According to the aforementioned, S + V...综观上述所云,…
- w6 J/ T$ P% m: P; t, R. I7 }3.As a result ( consequence ), S + V...结果,…
7 E' v5 Q, r! {5 L; C& [7 d4.As long as S1+ V1, S2 + V2...只要…,…/ M9 P8 q/ e+ e& ~% Z' A* ?
5.As we know from the above, S + V...由上述我们可知,…
3 i7 [2 Q9 m8 T7 ~6.At any rate ( cost ), we should V...无论如何,我们应该…
( j' @& B/ A. y: k2 f( Y/ V' F7.Because of this, we can find that S + V...因为如此,我们可以知道…
2 E4 c* ^! T3 n8.For this reason, S + V...基于此因 ,…
* D6 r. e, S( _' ?4 k7 ~/ G9.From the ... point of view, ...从…的观点来看,…
/ z6 i6 f& M0 ?7 u; u, e10.If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that S + V...假如我们能做到以上所提者,无疑地…
4 e$ ^1 x: X( i6 ~; J11.In a word, S + V...一言以蔽之,…
7 T! e5 F" O% d" G12.In any case, we should V 无论如何,我们应该…
9 v. j3 n+ g! b/ d# W' a13.In short ( brief ), S + V...简而言之 ,…: q9 M% A2 \$ a$ B& g
14.In conclusion, we should V 总而言之,我们应该…4 \- \* n/ B) @& {- n9 l
15.Judging from the above, S + V...从以上来判断 ,…/ d4 ~" o( p# n: `
16.Last but not least, S + V...最后还有一件重要的事就是…
6 o4 ?1 u1 I4 J6 R17.Only by this can we V...只有以此我们才能…) K2 L5 Z/ c8 s
18.On the whole, S + V...整体而论 ,…7 S/ a0 B/ V4 D3 ~; ?
19.On this ground, S + V...基于此种原因
- C& M% S0 j3 P+ a20.Owing to this fact we can find that S + V...因此我们可以知道…5 B0 ~( J1 y( r- p1 X; E
21.The long and the short of it, S + V...总之 ,…
3 [4 p7 D- r- J6 Q22.To be short ( brief ), S + V...简而言之 ,…/ M8 G: C/ f) a$ h% n
23.To sum up ( conclude ), S + V...总之 ,…. R8 N, L  p- E" ?  r
24.Thus, this is the reason why S + V...因此,这就是为什么…的原因
8 V  ]: ~( ^" k25.Under no circumstances should we V...无论如何我们绝不…
5 M" Q3 _+ d* c6 @26.What we must do is to V...我们只要…就可以了
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