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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑 ) W0 m2 |5 d  s% K: B4 n
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The Flap
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A flap occurs in three situations.
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  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
/ ^; _4 ^7 J) k% ^6 V% i      like a 'd' and is said very quickly., ?9 j, U+ a6 F  [3 X7 X3 `% m
                                    
/ j' q0 Y# o) J" }9 I         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
4 N! ?  }0 X# f) c8 O                                     ; c( i/ v5 i: w0 ]' R4 m
                 # B8 m. @- F- f4 Q, ^6 h. ^% X
  water becomes wader2 r* j4 E3 n* M$ V: [3 X
  Do you need some water?: @8 ~- V& y8 v- y
                
) Q, N( @9 P! o& h- u0 V8 E  letter becomes ledder
* G( P* u" S; w0 i  H( B  The letter was in the mailbox. 6 z2 r  ~/ D' ]4 ^( P
                 / i- u3 g* E$ {( A
  bottle becomes boddle! o3 a& y7 ?2 g: O, l- @% l- w6 d
  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. ! w" n% k, @3 r" ]
                
6 s7 R" |" `$ p+ y% T4 ^! H  butter becomes budder
5 I7 `) g9 s# K" O$ u) C/ n  The butter melted in the sun. . t: i% d9 o7 z) I4 w& k
                                    3 x2 @: P; h" u# Q% L8 ~: z
  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is
8 U# _( o% p. I      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth4 O" t, v. R+ t0 q8 s
      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce8 \  G+ e3 S1 R5 D3 x7 t. [
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very
/ u5 s6 g. Z4 u1 Z      quickly.   
6 T# `( P, g. X7 j2 l& b                                     
% \! n* c0 v; S; E         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
& |2 u" ]3 e! a$ q                                     # ^- m" e- A8 z
                   medical        She is a medical student.
# Y% @3 V# d2 A$ n  ?: ]+ a                    sediment            
8 ~2 z2 b5 `' e* b  L7 h0 bThe sediment on the river bottom is course sand.# m. A* G: y( y. C. W4 p7 t
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                   cadence           
2 Z! Z. V: u9 F, y8 MDrums keep the cadence in a marching band.
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3 g0 g, B; W3 R& x4 M7 }5 z                    cider         This apple cider is great." b! [# _+ s6 H+ v
                   spider        A spider has eight legs.( B7 D1 s/ _- L+ f) S7 H
                                    . F& r, N: x& }& a  w7 P4 h
  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the0 w6 W# |- H$ N$ G# x( s" m/ w
       next. (see section on linking)
( [( A9 J5 ?$ A2 f# f8 f* _$ H                   : u1 _2 _3 D) ~) ~* f" u$ s0 o. v
        Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
. a+ G' M  s1 P+ ?- m; z                   ) A- R+ v/ C) n: z
           'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way
2 K3 k7 _9 a" T+ h+ ~          I'll get your bags right away sir.# y: |( w0 ~* a- d2 w* y3 N
" S: l% n" h' n8 R/ P0 Z- U

7 @2 M, |0 C' c0 e! Q, V' Z                   
# A3 `1 D+ V7 g, j) l3 ^* S8 s            'what if' becomes whad dif1 e& F3 o' G# Q& E8 h
          What if we go to Paris for vacation?2 ~* A1 N+ G" L0 s5 O

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* V$ b9 u: ?9 ^4 C8 }, Y                   
5 z) t# z# x4 k+ m# V) \# I             'might I' becomes migh(d) di         
% V# s, T1 P: o) Y           Might I suggest a new tie?" ?7 z" J" i7 B  a6 f. W* }

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7 E( m$ z- t% i                   0 d' e% T* c* z% Q- w
       
- j+ x4 M: Z# p& q" ZNote: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
3 M3 X" G' H! k) P7 _0 C          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop. m% H8 M/ ?' C: s2 i. g: ~

# ^( y4 _, H; e2 M. ^When a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
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                           & i' \3 A( m0 ]! X- _4 M
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
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        # Q2 w* c. z' ^; {1 `
    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
1 G; g7 x$ g# s1 W0 a   Have you eaten yet?
2 D# Y- d- ]5 O' J1 ^        
9 G  J: h6 @- f3 S2 ^1 \    'satin' becomes sa'n  
, K! n! P  @& }& D% p   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.
9 v- c* C6 |* n$ `# {$ n        
1 X+ x5 H: X' P% [1 T    'sentence' becomes se'ence
- ~  [  h3 W: s' E2 p8 Q   This sentence makes no sense.1 \8 V) p2 C, `2 Y7 a
       
- g2 i( Y; C/ x8 f! e. [0 F    'mountian' becomes moun'n    , {! `# f* O4 e/ U+ _* J
   I'm not much of a mountain climber.( A+ i. {& z0 g- ?# r
        : G( y; W7 r! g( w
    'getting' become ge'n        1 m3 }+ C; G; D$ Q+ t9 C+ y; u" ~: x  b
   I'm getting to old for this.9 {- a8 `$ j# ^7 M
       
( _$ Z2 Q; V0 C, `& e- v    'button' becomes but'n   
6 b) ^5 R# y  j, X, [  Q   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't  s- F1 S: Q- w+ d7 l; C; A3 b: H9 a

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In an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.' r$ x! q8 O) [1 W* ]- L: a; i) f
                                             - b, ^: a, \3 H4 Q5 I
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
; ~0 Y# j1 ?# @   Then the word is used in a sentence.
7 e$ l3 L) _4 x! b2 m2 ]) T; i                                              
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8 r* B% }) \( F: s' |- c, h  ~   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  
; }4 Q: x5 e* f; ?7 T% ], |   We can swim in the lake.
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- J; K0 l# T- M  \0 s 6 X: N+ N- B' G$ \
       
: w) b  N6 k: C# l   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.$ E* F7 V/ J  l% m8 k# H9 P0 L
   I can cook pizza.
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        * H" `. L6 ~# t
   'She can read' becomes she kn read  
$ F7 v# L. ~7 |+ a   She can read Italian and Russian.- s6 I, A  ]# t, v& k5 }$ H
/ e4 K# M0 S0 ?0 ?6 i+ O2 c

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   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.
" v* b0 B& P0 t. K/ [$ _   They can ride on the roller coaster.
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                                             ( J% E, I5 q" j5 `
In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.
$ R- t* V( `) e: j" b6 E                                              
( D7 {2 u; p. n' c* o1 x   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main
) y/ p& p$ \$ f( q. G   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
- O4 \0 W# Q- g4 U) r( U                                              
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) S& P1 z( L" |  'We can't go' becomes 2 Z" `! e& }' i
   We KAN' GO.  
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We can go to the movies.
) y6 s$ q) l  ?3 W) l) BWe can't go to the movies.
# C% G" U7 G# ~& |2 z+ y/ n5 f
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  'Larry can't speak' becomes5 _, b5 x1 W2 P8 v0 u
   Larry KAN' SPEAK.
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5 p( T. ^3 z; v% lLarry can speak French.3 z/ Y% Q, K! I" ~
Larry can't speak French.
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        $ \& u: t  J6 P8 R* w1 P+ z- ?
  'She can't do it' becomes6 f6 C4 E- t3 r5 V4 H4 G
   She KAN' DO it   
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She can do it.
. d) l5 @+ ^8 F4 \& V, nShe can't do it.
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  'Some people can't sing' becomes0 y; V5 T9 ^  {" {9 |$ h: b. n! ^
   Some people KAN' SING$ i$ y& [# i/ @1 @& f* ^
Some people can sing./ X* s3 G* f# P+ s9 ~1 |) `* b
Some people can't sing., @0 j7 c1 t5 R! r/ d% i

8 O, q- t8 h: }, X: K+ [                                              
5 n$ e7 m' O; ^; f8 pIf the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
3 U% {/ f- [# M% g; Y$ m' c                                              0 M+ {$ q* Z, X3 F. W. k: W: a( f
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
2 ^- k8 s; a* U, g   Then the word is used in a sentence.0 c6 y9 v% ^3 ?4 ?1 T+ M, O4 @
                                             
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   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)
  h& Z; J, L$ j4 S" Z4 N   We can't attend the concert.
2 y, Z4 V& x. S" T7 y        
" F' r/ r! e: R   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)
- n/ m+ t! d& S* A   Wally can't invite her to the party.* j; ^/ ^7 e* L7 e, s" V& {
       
( t) k; ]( Y( F1 I   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)3 }1 P6 `( f- I& ^! [# T* B
   He can't answer the question.
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        + ?1 A9 y. f: A' V$ O! `2 _+ u
   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )
. G* }9 y. F: G+ R   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions
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" d. h! D* j, \; M* q; [& p+ `Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)
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( `/ ~1 P; Q" R; b$ i4 ^                   - r$ \. \, @4 A, f$ g) x
     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
% z8 Y! O- {1 z* S" u' Q/ |     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.+ g( [% _( c" s  N* v
                          : }) k2 c7 r, J) }4 b
       
9 d* ^) B; z% H; J    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      : q* x1 l0 \  Y" i/ a) C5 _+ P
   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?) D& x6 p- g% n4 d3 M! v
       
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        ! Y8 a/ a8 I" m
    'couldn't' becomes couldn'
5 o! c3 @) k) B) i    I couldn't do it because I was sick.
  k0 L) V; J2 h2 b0 q/ k/ V1 ^        
! }3 ]+ E9 ~0 k; O; ]    + x8 i, k* P: s

7 ~) u/ [; J' o9 n( C        
' n5 t* v7 S2 ?    'shouldn't' becomes should'n         
6 N& w& S0 D' J$ L6 O% b, [- S   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.
" u& c+ c5 Y) l* K         + f) X) g' o6 y5 y7 n" w9 _
   
1 G& I9 L+ _2 b4 z5 E / M+ K. E; b5 C7 e1 u, q
       
& N9 E& v6 E; z3 D0 I8 B    'doesn't' becomes doesn'" e; I9 t, E% Z6 ?1 B9 o
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
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