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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑
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The Flap8 G* Q: T' I* s- L& H" E
( y4 ^$ [/ w) ~
A flap occurs in three situations.
  j& t5 x# h# A
2 X8 D, d; A- X1 l  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
! L: T( J' n5 I5 z      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.2 M5 x) R# A$ v3 S& s
                                    9 n. }( M1 {; ~8 R, H7 K9 c# W
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.8 C# x4 w/ f# H  D  X
                                    
  [9 Y6 |3 j0 k: m* A" l0 `                 
' |; g4 z7 v" ^) U" W* i6 C  water becomes wader
) M5 t8 B! }6 d# ]0 z5 j  Do you need some water?
- |- x$ z1 l* t                  7 `, h: P7 u  p/ v
  letter becomes ledder- M- E! I: z$ l4 Z! r5 N: K5 e8 I
  The letter was in the mailbox.
* Y/ V9 h- H4 n. H                  6 ]  E1 M: M& h7 S0 y. z
  bottle becomes boddle
  ]4 P5 f& o( c4 ~1 L  The bottle broke when it hit the floor.
* L- x: N( M0 O& y0 m" P                  8 P1 ]2 K  H7 t3 D; a4 N! X% o& U% W" \
  butter becomes budder
$ r' E6 g. }4 k" w* n  The butter melted in the sun.
" |0 {# F: b, E  K9 C. a* R                                     
! w5 m9 {9 o: e3 k- \  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is
2 l* n( C5 k0 Y, `" e# K      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth/ o$ S( [$ ~1 p2 s8 q0 k) u+ M
      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce5 i# p8 ]- }+ y4 G/ ]) G/ i- w9 T  w
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very# K! D/ C6 J. ]$ G& e
      quickly.    ' U  {  m, n+ W5 t# Y) y
                                    8 W( H, S( m  N# M) r8 _4 j
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.8 {6 b$ A9 S9 q3 i! X: _6 W
                                    
6 z/ {* @9 d& }. P7 T' E                    medical        She is a medical student.- Q) j& E* Q& ^  d; C" \* O
                   sediment            
5 H1 B: }7 s. ?' E% f$ ZThe sediment on the river bottom is course sand.
; c6 v. ]& m- `' d) a
2 \! g( @: Y; w/ |1 p                    cadence            ) r, y. }$ p' z9 l% {
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.
/ j# P- v" Q- D% l
/ N& [0 ?2 ]& D, N. D* O' G9 J+ |                    cider         This apple cider is great.3 W$ H: m" a- W: n
                   spider        A spider has eight legs.
$ g: |; p. e/ _& Y' g9 s7 z1 s' V                                     
0 E+ Q. }* b! F: J; X3 g  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the
9 [% I3 Z# G, J' I       next. (see section on linking)* x1 K1 E6 ]" `$ l1 B
                  
1 J# b( l: L1 }2 R7 Y% I3 q! R5 r         Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.0 _5 c% p* U: n0 l
                  $ B3 }6 a7 j, f
           'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way/ ~2 `% m5 m8 W9 A( D
          I'll get your bags right away sir.
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4 K6 Q7 x% l# Y7 v' e8 d0 _9 ]5 |                   + ~4 H6 x. j. ~: f/ H, l
           'what if' becomes whad dif' C. r9 n) r+ |$ y# X
          What if we go to Paris for vacation?- e1 x. O3 h1 }+ z+ r- d. S
: y5 T7 U3 A/ C& d
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                  ' ]( p0 a7 N( _! z, _& z. t' T, G( G
            'might I' becomes migh(d) di         
3 {9 X- O6 b0 E& X# s           Might I suggest a new tie?
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Note: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to3 T6 ^; i. D1 Z0 T3 h# h
          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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When a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
2 S! z3 _' s* f# A; M+ s' H3 B- M
                           
- @1 j" G, i/ {3 `         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
5 V6 l  G6 T  r                            . A; d8 i; h7 T7 k$ A, ^
       
7 M! x/ U: [% J& q" w    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
6 b* \/ z! S5 O. N/ B7 t+ ^   Have you eaten yet?" H: v: ^# u. ]# e! b! n1 V
        1 a+ F2 C( v" A7 M
    'satin' becomes sa'n  
' L+ \* \0 f6 ?. f   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.! }; J& N" ?* [  l$ r
        ' C2 u/ h, b6 D9 m
    'sentence' becomes se'ence 8 t3 F- l  n2 i% V
   This sentence makes no sense." X/ t5 n& z$ r: z- N& e1 x: i
        1 E% _4 b. S8 ^4 f8 E+ B
    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
; P# s$ {. S8 C, o! C   I'm not much of a mountain climber.
" L% [  i7 I. D# O1 i' y( O         0 `- m* T2 e9 T9 H' ]0 |. ?8 @) f
    'getting' become ge'n        
4 u) O: g- B- {) P   I'm getting to old for this.
+ o; ?1 ^" E' D5 G, p3 ^        
6 ]& g9 b' L: H( h5 e    'button' becomes but'n   
$ O0 i0 I( o" G2 [. l   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't8 x& O* h! L3 b6 }

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In an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
9 Q) `& y5 L: ^8 k                                              & G2 P- d/ F' C
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.: f$ E+ f1 m/ o# _
   Then the word is used in a sentence.# {% p# d; x( p
                                             3 u! N' C; w' X% x' a; ^5 y
        , v2 T  \) {/ M2 K% w
   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  - [4 ], n; n# E& e7 J1 r! |% x
   We can swim in the lake.
( |& v/ ^% ^: X* P5 ~8 N( D+ D! X: B5 c
# y2 {% e" q5 n2 a5 D
       
* ~' [2 c; T% B6 Z" O: O   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.
, J. M/ s. `- [& v! T   I can cook pizza.; T9 S1 h' v/ W! }

* U6 M3 F/ m0 ]( P
! N1 w7 n+ E8 s1 j        
. g# _+ n" H7 Z. n# Z7 Q8 z) P   'She can read' becomes she kn read  
, V6 ?& U$ n$ d! h0 o   She can read Italian and Russian.
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- e; U; W3 J% a' j        
* L) _& p& ~4 x: Z3 [9 ~' k) G7 q   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.7 ^% y; |. N5 ?3 C
   They can ride on the roller coaster.
, f$ E. [8 q  r, v1 Y) l 4 D8 [$ E3 d  R. B% I4 d. M# W+ X) f
                                             2 y' ?. q7 G0 M" [& ~( S, a- G+ O) ~
In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.# T/ T. ]  q% v) U1 z+ R9 I9 h' M
                                             
" n' b) A" h0 Z3 j   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main' `) Z7 f6 o# h& q/ I% z, J; j
   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
; R) q6 Z& n5 q" s& c& Z                                              
" \6 v) _) x+ [- o4 {* ~         1 ]! M) p$ u' Y, {
  'We can't go' becomes
' h) X2 c5 \- @6 [( E1 }; b% G   We KAN' GO.    k+ \: j0 X" d4 X# j; m$ L4 E2 s

  u; F  a3 N. c4 [( P; ^! V1 XWe can go to the movies.- A' c2 V6 ]8 ~# b. T# R; K1 I) Q/ m
We can't go to the movies.
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        . o% q7 M6 |! j( w3 I% y
  'Larry can't speak' becomes
. d5 o( D3 J8 U9 i7 K) y+ w4 U3 Q& n   Larry KAN' SPEAK.
. k+ W# C( r% j' i0 s( _5 j0 k$ f; m$ N+ _( G$ C# y
Larry can speak French.* f' _  M% q  W- q5 l1 {8 o
Larry can't speak French.4 R8 B$ Y- C! L& M! e6 O( X; c

% D1 y8 Q# K" ^5 c        
7 [) L2 I! _5 T+ W% F3 \  'She can't do it' becomes  X; K/ F- Q- x2 P* _) l
   She KAN' DO it   
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She can do it.9 `8 \3 ~/ m! a6 [4 [; m7 q
She can't do it.
1 I9 ?5 m* R/ S4 z% _
: {4 e: L0 g" C3 x5 x        
* X- h$ }" A, C+ }& p  T  'Some people can't sing' becomes* D! ^# G' c+ C/ v( i" `! G8 h
   Some people KAN' SING0 T9 [+ @: i$ U5 Q4 w
Some people can sing.
! {  u7 n3 @0 SSome people can't sing., ~3 M/ {4 \8 k6 ~

) E8 z9 a* f$ L                                              3 X# b9 B" n# M+ M- P# e8 |
If the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
; V& ^7 v. K& `- ?* t                                              
* ^* \7 g; p0 a" c- Z* d9 g5 e   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
8 A2 L2 T) L) ~   Then the word is used in a sentence.
) n/ K0 c7 X# q                                              
" y5 _. g) w( N/ T$ R' S) ~         # W& ]! V4 G% @6 o0 E' W# c
   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)
: A5 G) q/ t& p- o   We can't attend the concert.
, c$ r8 P, @- F: x6 u         ' O7 x2 b$ J1 q! J8 }: j$ E- Y& |
   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)
$ ?7 w9 H* n8 K$ B: F1 @   Wally can't invite her to the party.
1 ^$ p# A( O4 q, f! I0 |         7 e" I6 ^. B0 Q  {( J, p
   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)
- c' j5 @/ Z# U6 S9 @7 n, ]6 w   He can't answer the question.
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8 p2 d. k! j4 t' S         . a+ R2 r8 H8 \6 T9 [5 A
   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )
, A  f* ?" d: {0 w+ M6 b   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions( v: p7 k' D& @9 J0 A

( w! L: D1 E3 ]Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)( g0 h0 C- d" l* E3 W
1 z$ x# N1 a0 x
                  ' b6 U& M' f9 P! h" f" `
     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound6 \( V; P- d; _6 {) @
     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
' D9 \3 @4 |: j0 k                           
2 E2 q8 l1 s; j8 p. X$ g        
% V$ t0 I! F& m1 ^    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      
* O4 @! Z6 W: }5 K8 |4 B( u8 }" ], z   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?
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   4 Y) j) \+ o& x, B

+ U  ?$ [. b4 u1 M" Z6 Y        
0 E# B4 N" j( e) H& `) F8 V4 |    'couldn't' becomes couldn'
  Q* t$ W( t* Y9 ?7 g. M( d# Q) M    I couldn't do it because I was sick.+ l) `, r6 q3 B1 K3 f+ q; M
        9 X5 I# I' r7 k# g
   
/ B; Z2 T: U2 M+ q3 }" \4 N% o9 v 6 ]1 L/ |! Y3 J/ _0 q/ T
       
2 b( S- ?2 T1 G7 w9 G+ l& z    'shouldn't' becomes should'n         
( {& r% e% C; _+ t0 ?7 ^   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.2 i4 Q4 b3 A% E+ t
       
* u8 q5 v6 A1 Z+ U- i$ s# h    $ F! R+ R) {2 V3 _0 ]  U$ b! R1 A/ s
+ U1 p( W& o5 P" A4 o# J
        2 r! _1 W3 Q2 k" `; c, g6 c. d
    'doesn't' becomes doesn'# v: ^. o0 g$ N  m$ C
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
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