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How to figure a home's fundamental value: i" `" }: P Y$ D* P A5 \
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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' o) Z' J1 Z! y) \* gLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:9 x0 W, B* M5 e6 t. X
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.9 W; N' b( U& y0 M- A" G: o
6 H! z3 {! h4 s/ N7 f" y3 qSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.. G( s7 a0 n! Q0 k; j# d
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
/ N5 w0 l8 ]9 l4 U) L1 G) {New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.* u9 d; b; W8 C+ j* r& O
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. , t# Q' N- a6 G2 a0 A# w
, i3 g1 i* ~0 r8 L9 kIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.! b5 u% ~! g. j( H
5 x6 e# F7 s5 XIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas $ H- l4 g( ~" h& k+ ]
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
# x+ H: ~9 _+ ~0 i2 T" YBoston 20.5 30.2
# c% S4 T# _+ W8 q( d- O" e9 PSan Diego 22.8 29.7 # [, F& F$ S# ], i; E
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
% p* W3 ~8 }9 s" q9 n* jLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
" Z6 j d' L8 R; F* YSeattle 20.4 25 " M5 } q' |! i: M8 @+ U
Denver 17.7 23.7
, o% t( u* \) K( a% O8 P- v9 ^New York 21.2 22.5 $ f% s) w5 A- I* b( s$ S5 S; p
Chicago 17.2 20.8
: Z& @9 n: x3 j7 v }Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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. {' R. i# p) }It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.. S" h" t- E; T9 L4 a+ n t
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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