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How to figure a home's fundamental value
+ A6 w( }% X/ Y+ l# {# fLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.3 y0 ?- C( v- d. v2 R8 U
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.3 m0 b+ j: y3 {# A
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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& g6 _# [- K5 eTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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! c: F8 U9 ?% D0 ?. J7 }0 \In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.) ^+ k1 C. n2 T$ \& _4 g
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.$ I, U. g# o" r' H
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.6 k/ o+ g6 _7 v; s5 `
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.: B3 h- @% y' Z2 Z4 z8 I
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. $ ~8 Y, ?4 J( ~6 i: S/ e
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.9 y2 q8 f5 a5 h0 ~' e6 ^
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.# m5 A0 M0 B% B4 x, s% f& o% z
L) F' g6 J9 Q) u Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas " w! K2 |3 \$ N) E/ N! S
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
& ~/ y& Y# ^# Z" K$ Y6 rBoston 20.5 30.2 / t# [2 @7 B* B) c
San Diego 22.8 29.7 1 A- {3 ~6 T, {) H; @; }. M
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
. A4 s' e8 G! X: qLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
1 Y+ I* d/ A f; Y; Q) oSeattle 20.4 25
' `+ W7 {- M }Denver 17.7 23.7
/ z+ r2 g. b2 a- Q% T* m0 {New York 21.2 22.5 v$ w0 o5 P8 x
Chicago 17.2 20.8 ; r! i4 B4 E8 j. ?/ i
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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* N% l" ^* g, A9 V6 pIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live." m K9 v& ]4 r A4 q
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' n! N3 S6 i& W; Z5 F8 o& bFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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