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How to figure a home's fundamental value
/ G7 s+ l0 x5 i E, q: E8 m8 `$ wLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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, C* V, E# L4 KNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.( B# m4 N6 K5 ^- {1 m- I# I, U5 \
% Y3 z3 | `+ Z3 G; ~+ BLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.8 x' ~+ M% @% }& F3 j$ O9 w( A& k
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988., P3 `. m% @, Q7 F
" \/ A C L& g& u+ u( }6 _2 KSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
* W# p# y: ?& v `! `# qSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4., I' M6 h0 F7 _+ |4 l3 a, {
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.) M1 r6 f& u/ E7 H
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. - ]9 N( F: Y( a! x
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable./ o6 z# H, [! e" n( ~% O# D
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas ( C- S1 m' H" Q! S
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
* I5 n" H( a8 c U) r7 ^Boston 20.5 30.2
$ A% W# \" n/ s- `( v2 B& ZSan Diego 22.8 29.7 8 n& L% Y* J7 ]! x" L# @+ f/ y
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
3 f8 C& y# w! O, _' y! ^' H! _Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
, l& D8 Z3 n2 [( p, O6 R; L0 ASeattle 20.4 25 $ Z1 M( J0 ]) N( D
Denver 17.7 23.7 - w6 S: ?$ E7 f; C* K! N+ N
New York 21.2 22.5 ) X. s1 o4 [ d5 F, E9 M4 A
Chicago 17.2 20.8
1 m0 B. B2 {2 _/ JWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 ; w; y2 i2 f O" K7 O& o5 w
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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