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9 p" C0 B: d. t5 X- p" Shttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106883 I" ?& E1 S7 t. f7 m. N5 H
" L0 j6 r8 b; L; q, T( p: q$ UJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China( @3 i) W5 U' _! C4 O
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of8 O& t/ w9 d# d+ S1 O* |: |& [7 N# }9 m3 v
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China./ D. |/ K2 E% e: r* F( @
3 a, L/ }" N" h' O+ kLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of4 a) w, y+ n5 B4 y
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.4 `2 P* G$ c! [% y4 [. {: G+ z
( E- I( j+ p1 b2 H7 @Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
: S+ N! H5 [ RReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018" Q( v4 T; R- A, D; J
Published online 26 January 2018
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6 x4 J% n( @3 [1 `" l U5 cAbstract* Q- O& l/ c7 a _; g
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing3 k: g) U! U& u; k7 \4 f
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The9 `1 B+ a6 B7 G2 u# ?: w/ v
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
+ K9 {" ?4 M+ L. nengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not; o2 S" l% r$ o3 L* G. @* x
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific S. g2 u9 R3 ]" X9 |! ]
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly# z# U7 z& p I) \/ P2 r
to the standardization of the scientific terminology X- ]% l& k' U- |8 o' e! H
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
* E1 G% d, j B# kscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,- }" i( O, |1 z" ]+ A
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
1 R; X; V A/ p* A# [9 j, e; kstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
& i& V0 r* j W7 a! uin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien9 F0 R; g" b- B/ O8 R, H; ~
he established had helped greatly with the popularization) E0 l5 d) O. t9 u0 Y5 _6 _$ Q
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
9 ]$ W2 C: [& p) _" Mthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way" p+ W8 u) b( S/ b- S
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and9 W s+ j% R0 v N& ?
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a5 s0 u7 o7 k1 E) ]" k7 O$ n
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific: t& d4 y! d: O! z3 H/ q8 w
terminology.
/ t9 B; u- K3 G' gKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;5 W. l/ Q y# {' D" n5 o
Standardization of terminology translation
/ p k* N: o7 w9 D+ ?& K. NYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
. M% g: I' N' Y6 m$ BStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern5 o; n4 R% m& b/ |8 X8 p
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available( m2 J E4 o0 j/ N5 o1 B4 Y
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
- c- t) A; K7 HDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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* a7 Q8 \! }. A. p# M# W, G8 yINTRODUCTION
$ Z$ [" ^6 j) X7 g: S# Z' bJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and; g$ R) W! h( ^: H3 M
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).9 [$ u6 Q6 u- k; \" y
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to, T$ Y W% g% x( h3 K
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
5 D/ T1 m$ J9 H. b: }* MSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
) C6 \) M/ \) B( W8 u. gby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as3 _, J8 b- p7 }) \5 `: N9 ^( u
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
. b, ~( l+ e# h. g, chis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-& s7 B: @ K' E, |$ L" h9 F1 a
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific b' |5 s; w- f2 ?* \- g/ R
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
+ h' {- `1 N1 r! s6 AFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
- t6 ?) l( V+ e! I; c" b4 vNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
9 c1 h& G, E) A/ j% d. Wto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
' ^3 X& H3 B# X. Iwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
3 l4 c4 t! W" H+ |$ D/ nrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,* R6 g4 _% a$ M
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western1 q! v, P$ n z, H) ?0 c2 A
books that made him the most productive one among the+ T7 p4 P4 \& i1 O, w3 G
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
' ?: d- _) H: [, [1 ztranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a5 a8 `" T# x- j. |8 x8 p# J' _& d
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
K, \+ k! O! Zpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
' y# m, `5 {8 Z& i8 J2 l; |0 EIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer! G o2 e: Z% W
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
k3 R; p) d4 ^science and the standardization of translated scientific
. w! n( G8 I; K8 u3 d8 P9 v! k9 Tterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific# P' s! o8 @+ c! J- y0 |
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
* d: d, K9 Q% r6 yestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
8 A2 m/ s% H: i2 Xcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series0 e: B" O- O, q3 m8 [
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
/ i3 e# [9 A. [& v# B5 w7 uModern China.7 _ D! m$ d9 o4 {! P& P* ~
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published2 I4 p+ C+ b! f1 {2 n, x
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
1 A/ R1 i' p3 K- m5 a) L* t9 |4 ]travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
# x. n! f+ k3 Ha lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
( x1 ?9 B) p" n: n$ zJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
2 o: K! [/ Z# z. pTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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