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. |9 I, k! Y3 d! ghttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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( a+ c- p7 R0 H; e" xJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China& k3 y% s. `" n- t) f9 s
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of) y7 _# V! H |; T" c
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.7 v u* t6 P# G- ]
2 ?, h. f# F" _: o* N0 f) X& PLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
+ D0 X5 Z( a! _0 b2 }Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.8 ~' g3 ?0 F3 A/ U) { X
* r3 q2 C1 Q/ \# n0 r8 \: WSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .8 u% K% c- c: @1 u' C+ Y! M# M
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018+ ^7 L2 C2 P$ }0 y
Published online 26 January 20187 e: Z5 f% J k; }- }. V8 u
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; i! a/ _* O( i, v, \, oAbstract8 I- f3 v/ S( I' X
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing' q+ t, t8 @6 u k3 P* j& F' v: w7 D
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The7 ~7 v- }* y n* F2 J
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been4 r+ a3 C( q/ O! [' _8 B9 j @% M
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not2 T, ~; @% x: J M) n
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific" H! ]0 i B% v
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
& Z3 b% B, V% m0 S2 N* T4 [7 mto the standardization of the scientific terminology! T; L/ G: ?$ f( Y ?8 @, ?5 r, `) N$ P
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s) J# g/ t& R" d, y5 \& k+ C8 F- a# X
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,9 ~0 \- I+ U& ^. p! H" {$ P% k& f
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the( L# T0 B* b. R- ?$ m" T n% O5 d6 N
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
* v' s4 L. B2 ~0 T4 N7 Gin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
, F3 |/ h5 W0 Bhe established had helped greatly with the popularization' n$ k2 ]/ Y- Z6 }; O
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring! I) m% x, e n
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
! w+ S7 [# Y, a5 [- J$ q5 ifor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
' x# O+ f1 {+ @4 D; Nthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
* M& m, g& B, p. _4 L& Hgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific5 a9 W- O3 k M; i& H1 \' `
terminology.( s+ q9 [* B0 K' B# K
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
: Y$ i% _/ ^* ~9 ^7 IStandardization of terminology translation
, `2 c9 E$ s3 u& H8 g1 dYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to3 G; Z/ U V# r+ c$ q1 j* j
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
/ M. C' d5 V" R/ @6 bChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available& g E7 Y: K8 L' b' s Y3 o5 g( t
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213! W0 G' t* {. X- Z$ L
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION% \' ]3 x- Q. ~4 o2 H/ I8 v: f
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
z/ ?( e$ P6 aa great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
7 W" P- \8 b) Z; JDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
0 R& |$ z1 u8 i- T" L* wHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
- n7 o1 B+ E6 ?; o) b. C/ z. USt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
" |/ q7 B1 @. c( eby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as3 d7 s* g! ^: e( v1 l# }/ b. s8 Q
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on- V# G: }9 y* A" C/ H/ S( F/ \
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-' \& p' z8 }) ~; D( m. b2 t
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
1 l1 k5 @5 X2 i2 K2 ?# q- K4 Sworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,( K m1 ]! s' m, E3 I0 Y6 s
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
% C9 a( @# k( Q6 A$ }# bNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated/ {0 {+ M" ^5 j. h
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant. H2 ^6 G( k, b; e" B2 Y+ |
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,# [) T8 o: k. v6 a7 Y* v9 g
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
+ l4 a; Y1 F6 d/ z, Z; h0 `6 WFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
$ K! w6 N1 o1 G4 Ybooks that made him the most productive one among the( ]4 {0 P2 G5 [6 |, _4 t% f
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,0 e9 g! e, _3 c' M) x9 S
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a" x! i/ q6 g. L" J1 i% y
noble work which could help accelerate the process of i& I2 E8 R0 c/ n
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
6 O7 G" @' _& _4 FIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
/ N5 C3 x2 R3 kalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western7 {/ v- d1 l# P* Y) I+ I" S
science and the standardization of translated scientific- |4 j8 M* i0 H. R+ k! W
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
- T& M& [1 d& D6 O1 Lmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
! f. v* ~" J' ~& N" Nestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another7 f) g! c& p: e% r2 D% e- u2 p
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series# I# j6 E$ _1 ]) P3 |$ J2 x
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
2 m; \( a! c7 V) L" J1 ZModern China.
; |+ |) N5 _ L% u7 y1 RAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published. u& u7 l1 P# F, l( }- F, a
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
8 }; s) U$ _$ G8 z9 P1 xtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
{; E2 ^+ R: A1 Ra lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In r5 c6 `$ W1 K: F, n
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
0 `7 A- G& @" P0 p$ Y2 h4 t. e! HTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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