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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑 ( }% v' x4 W# u0 A" ?
]5 ]9 g9 R9 j, lhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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& _% @; ^# W1 r' V$ ^1 a$ bJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
2 b" O: p% H2 f4 K: b& \: BYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of" U1 l1 B/ @. H& N
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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: O5 k( N% {) DLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
4 N- m: x0 `8 d! B, L' |. x4 D XFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
8 u9 m) \; H. k- Y" cReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018, Z3 S+ o/ K- {9 c* o- m; I
Published online 26 January 2018
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7 |, X5 I3 A5 j% }, hAbstract- ]4 h! s0 M! W* J+ n
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing: _: H" o: P6 p/ D3 W
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The6 |$ W. T+ Z* D6 E8 S
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been" B9 l; `, J+ J' @+ K+ }
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not* y0 }/ d8 K( U$ I7 ]/ x
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific O/ ~$ E; L0 o' A( m: M
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
6 ~/ M; B7 V, r3 Xto the standardization of the scientific terminology
/ \0 B6 X; f0 B0 |2 Etranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s$ @* ?" r1 O; M& Y
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,% @( i; A; ~0 w4 C1 @
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the$ n! g/ B. ~* Q; k& }' z
standardization of the scientific terminology translation( t+ C' j6 \% k: u
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien5 e2 C2 J0 B3 m6 p( H
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
$ t5 V$ O" S; A; p% ]+ u6 {7 ^of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring+ c( ?; \2 O* G1 V% d
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way" z- W6 l( H! y7 q. f( M
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and! E1 C5 J* M q6 Q3 h; o* j+ d
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
( S& m1 Q/ p$ T, O5 Z, Igreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
* E, y+ J o3 L* C% Z: p2 n9 Zterminology.$ T. {) T9 {! S; X- M4 D; I- D
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
: P* c! U2 Q: y" CStandardization of terminology translation9 ?* D! L" I9 r7 w" K3 X% V* M n
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to* x; F3 Y1 u' d3 |5 X! y
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern/ i7 b; K5 W9 A) T7 ^6 H; W- d+ ?
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
0 n I* F- Q: }from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
9 z7 p2 Y. c4 q* r% q8 M8 ^DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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/ K& |) y, N; y; c4 u& AINTRODUCTION
# U# i+ J2 A& i" @, v5 _, a) OJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and8 ?8 R9 d) F6 G& u" R |
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).6 t1 q) \1 _3 }! I7 i" S0 Z# m
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
4 R: t6 n% C8 uHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of7 V( ?9 A N4 R6 E& K% C, E! ]
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
# {. T' x9 U2 M# e2 J- ^3 }2 ?by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
4 ]# y& K+ l' Z" p3 X% I+ ^2 {an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
) w- k( A, l( A, F! dhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
0 ]% f" r# t% c& c1 ~/ Y1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific% U; A( Q1 l- m
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
r. K y- G* i+ u XFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.2 H# Z, t. b, V; C: H: m
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated3 N- Y4 V! |$ w0 ^3 b7 m! K
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant& e! t; p5 `$ N) a y$ S
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
" _% O! C4 M, \* irevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,0 s. y$ t' g8 I9 x
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western" K/ A7 V. y6 B
books that made him the most productive one among the% C0 z* N1 \! O
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,; F* V% C4 S2 m
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a" o* e n: \' S" ~* o4 u m
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
6 L5 v' ~& ?$ [2 J* \" epeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).# _! [8 m* x0 W3 Z* J
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
3 o/ f+ X0 q0 Q t- M2 ]; ialso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
: I5 ~" z3 E, j* i9 f' Ascience and the standardization of translated scientific( P5 k9 o# [& X+ t! V7 \
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
8 v! [4 S f# F( ?- a; K. gmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
8 D3 a* |; E9 U+ vestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
D, W6 k4 A# l+ rcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series2 Y1 t% n' `$ [3 i9 _3 L$ c) K: z$ d
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
1 V' ]$ H- }1 m5 j, @& eModern China.
2 ^: {; s3 H* s/ p( z+ S% }An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
! L/ \9 R0 k; H4 D8 d% k$ f. ~The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
0 u* c7 @ d# V8 etravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
0 D; n" i0 X, M, \+ k! m: Ga lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
; F% O$ l4 O% g; V. }9 _2 N, jJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
4 o7 m: d9 x. O, l8 W n" h! hTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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