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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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8 O o3 F$ c& n' b: CJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
$ x, }/ Q* ~- L9 T& L* [YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of4 _8 S! f& |! ^: j" W: Z; p
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
# ~$ c, W+ N Q* @3 U# `* @2 c, U- W& {7 N7 T; S
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
% ~. ?+ K1 O$ Q- n4 iFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
: h; r( p# v" C( D& Y9 L `, G* d
* Z+ S" F. h! G# NSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .% u7 W' }3 _5 Q$ _/ \* z v6 l% H& {
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20182 ]6 N1 J& `% n! p) f
Published online 26 January 2018' s5 a. r9 v e' d3 X# q
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Abstract; R( [% O7 O1 }5 G
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
0 v9 S* t: B# g1 g* G1 R9 j6 j. x- s3 VDynasty who came to China and was employed by The: d- `7 m5 Y: r& y5 c
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been/ ^) h/ a- t- X' B3 a
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
, E+ [4 m( E" A% u7 {only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
4 [* ]$ |, U7 g) A- \. G3 Wworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
' u5 R% h1 _+ U3 Eto the standardization of the scientific terminology1 | z4 Q$ l8 l. e9 T/ P$ ?
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
) ]" y! j+ o2 ]3 ]# a/ Sscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
5 c6 I5 Z- X% l' y ~and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
+ W7 N) B, D) i# _& y. istandardization of the scientific terminology translation. q" s" H* \2 m5 ?) j/ G
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
: c, W/ V/ s0 R9 j+ Y! Bhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
# S9 B4 q4 X: Q0 {6 z, _* Xof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring) v/ M$ i: P$ I
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way! c3 n! D* @6 ~- G
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
' P2 [2 r: d8 i9 qthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
( c, _. i/ G( F. u0 Ugreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific( r- `5 ]& _$ K9 j1 B
terminology.( }! M7 k H& N; p. C
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;/ D O/ Y5 r2 P6 h
Standardization of terminology translation
{+ X! ~" m+ C1 tYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
5 H$ W! D4 G3 {, Y' PStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern9 Z* }$ J" T* L' D
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
( K: v1 G* J9 z9 B* p% J) @% ?. Y! efrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
3 e" g" @! `) ?! a% DDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION' r+ V" r" h$ n% O9 @/ w
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and' A6 i3 Q; W+ t" n& g9 ?* N5 k
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
) ?& ]$ ]% k7 B/ A8 [0 T& bDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
) b: L" o- [! Z6 G, q& [4 PHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
7 b; I* ?# O$ p1 \6 [St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed$ G# T v6 F8 A; F- A1 U: w
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
. p5 b$ [& s( R4 i; Qan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on% m/ t* E4 U9 _
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-+ X8 `; l1 U' | J% n2 I7 z
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific5 ]! K3 V* j1 ~0 x
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
% n2 z! |; L- }& SFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.+ A6 @2 F' q5 p/ C
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated. T; T b; f' h% Q) O P
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant& w' Y1 i7 n X F0 \
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,& g$ n3 N# g& F; d7 O; G1 U7 U
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
0 X% H/ M, f ^Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western( J8 k8 U1 a3 q, V1 K: Z
books that made him the most productive one among the5 n* g( y/ z% V
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
8 G7 [$ j4 e3 h/ C! [% Ntranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a0 O/ b( [4 W" i, [ ~
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
9 s# B: C6 J) K5 b1 Z. Qpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
" B# e* A' `1 V; h. ?In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
8 i* J3 h# J5 q( \ V( Z# I8 c0 i" Halso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western6 ^' U) h- Z) H6 J; }
science and the standardization of translated scientific
I/ ?) Z; b# Q' S0 `& Z3 W4 ?terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
% a& }# ^0 i1 }8 hmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
5 c) x+ p- C2 F' p. M3 t0 Mestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another% E+ ^, I8 w W8 P! i
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series7 A% H) d1 n; k
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in' Q; L% e2 Q/ Z
Modern China.& r$ L- \5 Q6 T. j* _
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
6 Z: y2 f5 s4 xThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of2 H8 T# ]+ d- t/ @1 p: V
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
# B, U( J/ M. G5 ~' Ma lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In( t0 a9 f6 u% I
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
: O _$ ?, L/ sTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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